# μόλυβδος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* βόλιβος (bólibos), μόλιβος (mólibos)

### Etymology

Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀗𐀪𐀺𐀈 (mo-ri-wo-do), from an Anatolian word cognate with Lydian 𐤪𐤠𐤭𐤦𐤥𐤣𐤠 (mariwda, “dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *morgʷ-iyo-, from a root *mergʷ- (“dark”), whence also English murky, Albanian marrtë (“dim as twilight; blurry”). Probably not cognate with Latin plumbum (“lead”), despite superficial similarity.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mó.lyb.dos/ → /ˈmo.lyβ.ðos/ → /ˈmo.liv.ðos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /mó.lyb.dos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈmo.lyb.dos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈmo.lyβ.ðos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈmo.lyv.ðos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈmo.liv.ðos/

### Noun

μόλυβδος • (mólubdos) m (genitive μολύβδου); second declension
* lead (the metal)
* graphite

#### Derived terms

* μολῠ́βδαινᾰ (molŭ́bdaină)
* μολῠβδᾰ́νθρωπος (molŭbdắnthrōpos)
* μολῠ́βδεος (molŭ́bdeos)
* μολῠβδῐᾰ́ω (molŭbdĭắō)
* μολῠβδῐ́ζω (molŭbdĭ́zō)
* μολῠβδῐκός (molŭbdĭkós)
* μολῠ́βδῐνος (molŭ́bdĭnos)
* μολῠ́βδῐον (molŭ́bdĭon)
* μολῠβδῐ́ς (molŭbdĭ́s)
* μολῠβδῖτῐς (molŭbdîtĭs)
* μολῠβδόδετος (molŭbdódetos)
* μολῠβδοειδής (molŭbdoeidḗs)
* μολῠβδοκόπος (molŭbdokópos)
* μολῠβδοτήξ (molŭbdotḗx)
* μολῠβδουργός (molŭbdourgós)
* μολῠβδοφᾰνής (molŭbdophănḗs)
* μολῠβδόχᾰλκος (molŭbdókhălkos)
* μολῠβδοχοέω (molŭbdokhoéō)
* μολῠβδόω (molŭbdóō)
* μολῠβδώδης (molŭbdṓdēs)
* μολῠ́βδωμᾰ (molŭ́bdōmă)
* μολῠ́βδωσῐς (molŭ́bdōsĭs)
* χᾰλκομόλῠβδος (khălkomólŭbdos)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μόλυβδος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 964-5
* ↑ Ivo Hajnal, Graeco-Anatolian Contacts in the Mycenaean Period (Innsbruck: University of Innsbruck), 6.
* ↑ H.C. Melchert, “Greek mólybdos as loanword from Lydian”, Anatolian Interfaces: Hittites, Greeks and their Neighbours. Proceedings of an International Conference on Cross-Cultural Interaction, September 17-19, 2004, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, eds. B.J.Collins, M.R. Bachvarova & I.C. Rutherford (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2008), 153-157.

### Further reading

* “μόλυβδος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “μόλυβδος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* μόλυβδος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. lead idem, page 481.
* “μόλυβδος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

## Greek
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos), of Anatolian origin, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *merkʷ- (“dark”). See also μολύβι (molývi).

### Noun

μόλυβδος • (mólyvdos) m (uncountable)
* (chemistry, metallurgy) lead

#### Coordinate terms

* Appendix:Greek names for chemical elements
* μολύβι n (molývi, “pencil”)
* μολυβδαίνιο n (molyvdaínio, “molybdenum”)

#### Derived terms

* αμόλυβδος (amólyvdos, “unleaded”)

#### Further reading

* μόλυβδος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$