# garbh
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish garb, from Proto-Celtic *garwos (compare Welsh garw (“coarse”)).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Aran) IPA: /ˈɡɑɾˠəvˠ/
* (Connemara) IPA: /ˈɡaɾˠəvˠ/
* (Mayo, Ulster) IPA: /ˈɡaɾˠuː/

### Adjective

garbh (genitive singular masculine gairbh, genitive singular feminine gairbhe, plural garbha, comparative gairbhe)
* rough, harsh
* rugged, coarse, crude
* unpolished
* approximate

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Derived terms

* adhgharbh (“very rough”, adjective)
* gairbhe f (“roughness, coarseness”)
* garbh-bhéal m (“coarse mouth”)
* garbhadas m (“roughness, coarseness”)
* garbhaigh (“roughen; become rough”, verb)
* garbhán m (“coarse substance”)
* garbhánach m (“coarse-grained person”)
* garbhanálú m (“rough breathing”)
* garbhánta (“coarse-grained”, adjective)
* garbhántacht f (“coarseness (of grain, fibre)”)
* garbhchiumhaiseach (“rough-edged”, adjective)
* garbhchloch f (“rough, uncut, stone”)
* garbhchríoch f (“rough boundary”)
* garbhchumtha (“rough-shaped”, adjective)
* garbhdhéanta (“rough-made, coarse”, adjective)
* garbhghlórach (“rough-spoken, raucous”, adjective)
* garbhghnúiseach (“rough-visaged”, adjective)
* garbhiarann m (“pig-iron”)
* garbhiasc m (“large sea-fish”)
* garbhlabhartha (“rough-spoken”, adjective)
* garbhlach m (“rough ground”)
* garbhlus m (“goose grass; catchweed”)
* garbhóg f (“coarse object or person”)
* garbhógach f (“club moss”)
* garbhphlána m (“jack-plane”)
* garbhshíon f (“rough weather”)
* garbhshnoigh (“rough-hew”, transitive verb)
* garbhtheilg (“rough-cast”, transitive verb)
* garbhtheilgean m (“rough-cast”)
* garbhuille m (“approach shot”)
* píobán garbh m (“windpipe, trachea”)

### Verb

garbh (present analytic garbhann, future analytic garbhfaidh, verbal noun garbhadh, past participle garfa)
* (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of garbhaigh (“roughen; become rough”)

#### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | garbhaim | garbhann tú; garbhair$^†$ | garbhann sé, sí | garbhaimid | garbhann sibh | garbhann siad; garbhaid$^†$ | a gharbhann; a gharbhas / a ngarbhann* | garbhtar |
| indicative | past | gharbh mé; gharbhas | gharbh tú; gharbhais | gharbh sé, sí | gharbhamar; gharbh muid | gharbh sibh; gharbhabhair | gharbh siad; gharbhadar | a gharbh / ar gharbh* | garbhadh |
| indicative | past habitual | gharbhainn / ngarbhainn‡‡ | gharbhtá / ngarbhtá‡‡ | gharbhadh sé, sí / ngarbhadh sé, sí‡‡ | gharbhaimis; gharbhadh muid / ngarbhaimis‡‡; ngarbhadh muid‡‡ | gharbhadh sibh / ngarbhadh sibh‡‡ | gharbhaidís; gharbhadh siad / ngarbhaidís‡‡; ngarbhadh siad‡‡ | a gharbhadh / a ngarbhadh* | gharbhtaí / ngarbhtaí‡‡ |
| future | future | garbhfaidh mé; garbhfad | garbhfaidh tú; garbhfair$^†$ | garbhfaidh sé, sí | garbhfaimid; garbhfaidh muid | garbhfaidh sibh | garbhfaidh siad; garbhfaid$^†$ | a gharbhfaidh; a gharbhfas / a ngarbhfaidh* | garbhfar |
| conditional | conditional | gharbhfainn / ngarbhfainn‡‡ | gharbhfá / ngarbhfá‡‡ | gharbhfadh sé, sí / ngarbhfadh sé, sí‡‡ | gharbhfaimis; gharbhfadh muid / ngarbhfaimis‡‡; ngarbhfadh muid‡‡ | gharbhfadh sibh / ngarbhfadh sibh‡‡ | gharbhfaidís; gharbhfadh siad / ngarbhfaidís‡‡; ngarbhfadh siad‡‡ | a gharbhfadh / a ngarbhfadh* | gharbhfaí / ngarbhfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go ngarbha mé; go ngarbhad$^†$ | go ngarbha tú; go ngarbhair$^†$ | go ngarbha sé, sí | go ngarbhaimid; go ngarbha muid | go ngarbha sibh | go ngarbha siad; go ngarbhaid$^†$ | — | go ngarbhtar |
| subjunctive | past | dá ngarbhainn | dá ngarbhtá | dá ngarbhadh sé, sí | dá ngarbhaimis; dá ngarbhadh muid | dá ngarbhadh sibh | dá ngarbhaidís; dá ngarbhadh siad | — | dá ngarbhtaí |
| imperative | imperative | garbhaim | garbh | garbhadh sé, sí | garbhaimis | garbhaigí; garbhaidh$^†$ | garbhaidís | — | garbhtar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | garbhadh | garbhadh | garbhadh | garbhadh | garbhadh | garbhadh | garbhadh | garbhadh |
| past participle | past participle | garfa | garfa | garfa | garfa | garfa | garfa | garfa | garfa |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 garb”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 65, page 34
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 121
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 110, page 43

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “garbh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish garb, from Proto-Celtic *garwos (compare Welsh garw (“coarse”)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkaɾav/

### Adjective

garbh (comparative gairbhe)
* rough (as in a rough surface)
* wild (about the weather)
* hoarse
* gross

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 garb”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language