# غير
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

* Root
* غ ي ر (ḡ y r)
* 14 terms
Compare غَارَ (ḡāra, “to be jealous, to display zeal”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣajr/

#### Noun

غَيْر • (ḡayr) m
* (in construct state):
** other than, different from, unlike
    غَيْرُهُ ― ḡayruhu ― another (literally, “other than him”)
    هَل عِنْدَكَ أَصْدِقَاءُ غَيْرُ هَٰؤُلَاءِ؟hal ʕindaka ʔaṣdiqāʔu ḡayru hāʔulāʔi?Do you have any friends other than these?
    رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا غَيْرَهُ ― raʔaytu rajulan ḡayrahu ― I saw a man other than him.
*** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 6:68:وَإِذَا رَأَيۡتَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَخُوضُونَ فِيۤ ءَايَٰتِنَا فَأَعۡرِضۡ عَنۡهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ يَخُوضُوا۟ فِي حَدِيثٍ غَيۡرِهِۦ ۚ وَإِمَّا يُنسِيَنَّكَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ فَلَا تَقۡعُدۡ بَعۡدَ ٱلذِّكۡرَىٰ مَعَ ٱلۡقَوۡمِ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** except, save, but
    لَا أُرِيدُ غَيْرَ ذٰلِكَ.lā ʔurīdu ḡayra ḏālika.I want only this.(literally, “I don’t want anything but this.”)
    وَصَلَ الْمُسَافِرُونَ غَيْرَ وَاحِدٍ.waṣala l-musāfirūna ḡayra wāḥidin.All the travellers arrived but one.
*** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 7:59:لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ فَقَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ إِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** more than
    غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ ― ḡayra marratin ― more than once
** no, not, un-, non-, in-, dis-
    غَيْرُ طَيِّبٍ ― ḡayru ṭayyibin ― not good
    هَٰذَا غَيْرُ قَانُونِيٍّ ― hāḏā ḡayru qānūniyyin ― This is illegal
    يَكُونُ غَيْرَ قَانُونِيٍّ ― yakūnu ḡayra qānūniyyin ― It is illegal
    هٰذَا الْمَحَلٌّ غَيْرُ مَفْتُوحٍ لِلنَاسِ غَيْرِ الْمُتَحَضَّرِينَ وَالمُتَوَحِّشِينَhāḏā l-maḥallun ḡayru maftūḥin li-n-nāsi ḡayri al-mutaḥaḍḍarīna wa-l-mutawaḥḥišīnaThis place is not open for uncivilized or uncouth people.(literally, “This place is not open for the other-than-civilized and uncouth people.”)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 95:6:إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍʔillā llaḏīna ʔāmanū wa-ʕamilū ṣ-ṣāliḥāti fa-la-hum ʔajrun ḡayru mamnūninExcept for those who believe and work good deeds: their reward will not wear off.
* (in definite state اَلْغَيْر (al-ḡayr)):
** someone or something else; someone or something other than; other; others
** (law) third party

##### Synonyms

* إِلَّا (ʔillā), سِوَى (siwā), دُونَ (dūna), إِلَّا (ʔillā), عَدَا (ʕadā), خَلَا (ḵalā), حَاشَا (ḥāšā)

##### Derived terms

* بِغَيْرِ (biḡayri, “without”)
* غَيْرِيّ (ḡayriyy)
* لَا غَيْرُ (lā ḡayru, “only, just, nothing besides that”)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: għajr
* → Azerbaijani: qeyr
* → Classical Persian: غَیْر (ğayr)
** → Chagatai: غیر
*** Uyghur: غەير (gheyr)
*** Uzbek: gʻayr
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: ग़ैर (ġair)
    Urdu: غَیر (ġair)
** → Turkmen: gaýr
* → Ladino: (Haketia) gher
* → Ottoman Turkish: غیر (gayr)
** Turkish: gayr

### Etymology 2

* Root
* غ ي ر (ḡ y r)
* 14 terms

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣaj.ja.ra/

#### Verb

غَيَّرَ • (ḡayyara) II (non-past يُغَيِّرُ (yuḡayyiru), verbal noun تَغْيِير (taḡyīr))
* (transitive) to change, to alter
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 13:11:إِنَّ اللَّٰهَ لَا يُغَيِّرُ مَا بِقَوْمٍ حَتَّى يُغَيِّرُوا مَا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْʔinna llāha lā yuḡayyiru mā biqawmin ḥattā yuḡayyirū mā biʔanfusihim(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣu.jur/

#### Adjective

غُيُر • (ḡuyur) m pl
* masculine plural of غَيُور (ḡayūr, “zealous, very jealous, very enthusiastic”)

#### Noun

غُيُر • (ḡuyur) m pl
* plural of غَيُور (ḡayūr, “zealot”)

#### References

* Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “غير”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “غير”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Wehr, Hans (1960) “غير”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 3rd edition, Ithaca, NY: Otto Harrassowitz

### Etymology 4

From English gear.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣeːr/, /ɡeːr/

#### Noun

غَيْر • (ḡēr) m (plural غيار (ḡayār))
* (regional) gear

## North Levantine Arabic
### Pronoun

غير • (ḡayr, ḡēr)
* (definite) other than
    ما عنا غير القرايب. ― ma ʿinna ḡayr li-'rāyib. ― We have nobody but the relatives.
* (indefinite) other
    Synonyms: آخر (ʔāḵar), (only these can be used in definite construction) تاني (tēni)
    ما عنا غير قرايب. ― ma ʿinna ḡayr 'rāyib. ― We don't have other relatives.

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* غ ي ر
* 5 terms

### Etymology 1

From Arabic غَيْر (ḡayr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣeːr/, [ɣeːr]
* Audio (Jerusalem):(file)

#### Preposition

غير • (ḡēr)
* except, apart from
    Synonyms: ما عدا (ma-ʕada), إلا (ʔilla)
* other, another, else, different
    Synonym: تاني (tāni)
    اعطيني واحد غيره. ― aʕṭīni wāhed ḡēro ― Give me another one (instead).
* un-, in-, dis- (turning the meaning of nouns and adjectives into the opposite)
    Synonym: مش (miš)
    غير مباشر ― ḡēr mubāšer ― indirect
    غير قانوني ― ḡēr qanūnī ― illegal, against the law

##### Inflection

Inflected forms of غير :
| Base form | Base form | Base form | Base form | Base form | غير (ḡēr) |
| Personal-pronoun- including forms | Personal-pronoun- including forms | singular | singular | plural | plural |
| Personal-pronoun- including forms | Personal-pronoun- including forms | m | f | plural | plural |
| 1st person | 1st person | غيري (ḡēri) | غيري (ḡēri) | غيرنا (ḡērna) | غيرنا (ḡērna) |
| 2nd person | 2nd person | غيرك (ḡērak) | غيرك (ḡērek) | غيركم (ḡērkom) | غيركم (ḡērkom) |
| 3rd person | 3rd person | غيره (ḡēro) | غيرها (ḡērha) | غيرهم (ḡērhom) | غيرهم (ḡērhom) |

### Etymology 2

From Arabic غَيَّرَ (ḡayyara).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣaj.jar/, [ˈɣaj.jar]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

غيّر • (ḡayyar) II (present بغيّر (biḡayyer))
* (transitive) to change, to alter

##### Conjugation

Conjugation of غيّر (ḡayyar) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | غيّرت (ḡayyart) | غيّرت (ḡayyart) | غيّر (ḡayyar) | غيّرنا (ḡayyarna) | غيّرتو (ḡayyartu) | غيّرو (ḡayyaru) |
| past | f | غيّرت (ḡayyart) | غيّرتي (ḡayyarti) | غيّرت (ḡayyarat) | غيّرنا (ḡayyarna) | غيّرتو (ḡayyartu) | غيّرو (ḡayyaru) |
| present | m | بغيّر (baḡayyer) | بتغيّر (bitḡayyer) | بغيّر (biḡayyer) | منغيّر (minḡayyer) | بتغيّرو (bitḡayyru) | بغيّرو (biḡayyru) |
| present | f | بغيّر (baḡayyer) | بتغيّري (bitḡayyri) | بتغيّر (bitḡayyer) | منغيّر (minḡayyer) | بتغيّرو (bitḡayyru) | بغيّرو (biḡayyru) |
| subjunctive | m | اغيّر (aḡayyer) | تغيّر (tḡayyer) | يغيّر (yḡayyer) | نغيّر (nḡayyer) | تغيّرو (tḡayyru) | يغيّرو (yḡayyru) |
| subjunctive | f | اغيّر (aḡayyer) | تغيّري (tḡayyri) | تغيّر (tḡayyer) | نغيّر (nḡayyer) | تغيّرو (tḡayyru) | يغيّرو (yḡayyru) |
| imperative | m | | غيّر (ḡayyer) | | | غيّرو (ḡayyru) | |
| imperative | f | | غيّري (ḡayyri) | | | غيّرو (ḡayyru) | |