# 犧

| 犧 | U+72A7, &#29351; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72A7 |
| ← 犦 [U+72A6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 犨 → [U+72A8] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 犧 |
| Shinjitai | 犠 |
| Simplified | 牺 |

### Han character

犧 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+16, 20 strokes, cangjie input 竹手廿土尸 (HQTGS), four-corner 2855$_3$, composition ⿰牜羲)
* sacrifice, give up
* sacrificial

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 705, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20209
* Dae Jaweon: page 1117, character 35
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1822, character 4
* Unihan data for U+72A7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 犧
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 莪 | *ŋaːl |
| 哦 | *ŋaːl |
| 娥 | *ŋaːl |
| 峨 | *ŋaːl |
| 峩 | *ŋaːl |
| 鵝 | *ŋaːl |
| 俄 | *ŋaːl |
| 蛾 | *ŋaːl, *ŋralʔ |
| 睋 | *ŋaːl |
| 涐 | *ŋaːl |
| 誐 | *ŋaːl |
| 硪 | *ŋaːl, *ŋaːlʔ |
| 我 | *ŋaːlʔ |
| 騀 | *ŋaːlʔ |
| 餓 | *ŋaːls |
| 義 | *ŋrals |
| 儀 | *ŋral |
| 轙 | *ŋral, *ŋralʔ |
| 檥 | *ŋral, *ŋralʔ |
| 蟻 | *ŋralʔ |
| 艤 | *ŋralʔ |
| 礒 | *ŋralʔ |
| 羛 | *ŋralʔ, *hŋral |
| 議 | *ŋrals |
| 犧 | *hŋral |
| 曦 | *hŋral |
| 羲 | *hŋral |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hŋral) : semantic 牛 (“ox”) + phonetic 羲 (OC *hŋral).

### Etymology

Cognate with 儀 (OC *ŋral, “ceremony; appearance”). See there for more.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xī (xi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hei$^1$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): hi$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hĭ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hi$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hi$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hei$^1$
*** Yale: hēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: héi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hei̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:
*** Hakka Romanization System:
*** Hagfa Pinyim: $^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /hi⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hi⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hi
*** Tâi-lô: hi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hi⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hi³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hi⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hi⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hi⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hi$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hi
*** Sinological IPA : /hi³³/
* Middle Chinese: xje
Rime :
| Character | 犧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (13) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許羈切 |
| Baxter | xje |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠiᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hᵚiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hjiə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /xje/ |
| Wang Li | /xǐe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hei$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ̊(r)a[j]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hŋral/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 犧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xje › |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋ̊(r)a[j]/ |
| English | sacrificial animal |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 犧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13057 |
| Phonetic component | 我 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 犧 |
| Old Chinese | /*hŋral/ |

### Definitions

犧
* (historical) pure-colored sacrificial animal
* sacrifice

### Compounds

* 伏犧 / 伏牺 (Fúxī)
* 伏犧氏 / 伏牺氏
* 庖犧 / 庖牺 (Páoxī)
* 犧尊 / 牺尊
* 犧牲 / 牺牲 (xīshēng)
* 犧牲品 / 牺牲品 (xīshēngpǐn)
* 犧牲打 / 牺牲打
* 犧牲玉帛 / 牺牲玉帛
* 犧牲酒醴 / 牺牲酒醴

### References

* “犧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “牺”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 251.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 犠 |
| Kyūjitai | 犧 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 犠)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: き (ki)
* Kan’yō-on: ぎ (gi)
* Kun: いけにえ (ikenie, 犧)

### See also

* 犠 (jōyō)

## Korean
### Hanja

犧 • (hui, sa) (hangeul 희, 사, revised hui, sa, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, sa, Yale huy, sa)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

犧: Hán Việt readings: hy, hi
犧: Nôm readings: hi
* chữ Hán form of hi (“certain types of sacrifice”).

#### Compounds

* 伏羲 (Phục Hy)
* 犧牲 (hi sinh)

### References

* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).