# casto
## Galician
### Etymology

From Latin castus.

### Adjective

casto (feminine casta, masculine plural castos, feminine plural castas)
* chaste

#### Related terms

* castidade

### Further reading

* “casto”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin castus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.sto/
* Rhymes: -asto
* Hyphenation: cà‧sto

### Adjective

casto (feminine casta, masculine plural casti, feminine plural caste)
* chaste (abstaining from immoral or unlawful sexual intercourse)
    Antonyms: erotomane, libidinoso, lussurioso, (of a woman) ninfomane
** 13th c., “Cap. XXXV: Dell'Agnocasto”, in Trattato dell'agricoltura [Treatise On Agriculture]‎, translation of Opus ruralium commodorum libri XII by Pietro De' Crescenzi, published 1605, page 269:E chiamasi agnocasto, perocchè reprimendo la lussuria, rende casto colui, che sopra il porta, come l'agnello.And it is called chaste tree because, by repressing lust, makes the one that carries it chaste, like the lamb.
** 14th c., Bartolomeo da San Concordio, Ammaestramenti degli antichi‎, Milan: Società tipografica de' Classici Italiani, published 1808, page 257:L'uomo secondo se stima d'altrui: il fornicatore pensa che niuno sia castoPeople judge others based on themselves: the fornicator believes no one is chaste
** c. 1307, Dante Alighieri, “Trattato quarto, Capitolo 9 [Fourth Treatise, Chapter 9]”, in Convivio [The Banquet]‎, Florence: Le Monnier, published 1964:Sono anche operazioni che la nostra [ragione] considera ne l’atto de la volontade, sì come offendere e giovare, sì come star fermo e fuggire a la battaglia, sì come stare casto e lussuriareThere are also activities which our reason contemplates as an act of the will, as for instance giving offense or assistance, standing ground or fleeing in battle, and remaining chaste or yielding to lust.
** 1581, “Libro V [Book 5]”, in Annibale Caro, transl., Eneide [Aeneid]‎, Florence: Leonardo Ciardetti, translation of Aeneis by Virgil, published 1827, pages 230–231:[…] Appresentossi in prima Eurïalo con Niso. Un giovinetto Di singolar bellezza Eurïalo era; E Niso un di lui fido e casto amante.Euryalus came first, together with Nisus. Euryalus was a particularly handsome youth, and Nisus a faithful and chaste lover of his.
** 1581, Torquato Tasso, “Canto quinto [Fifth Canto]”, in Gerusalemme liberata [Jerusalem Delivered]‎, Erasmo Viotti, page 135:Io: mentre ch'eri de' nimici ancella: Ti conservai la mente, e i membri casti; E tu, libera, hor vuoi perder la bella Virginità, ch'in prigionia guardasti?I, while you were prisoner of the enemy, kept my mind and body pure. Do you, now free, wish to lose the beautiful virginity you kept while imprisoned?
* chaste (having had no sexual experience)
    Synonyms: illibato, vergine
** 1475, Angelo Poliziano, “Libro I”, in Stanze de messer Angelo Politiano cominciate per la giostra del magnifico Giuliano di Pietro de Medici‎, collected in Poesie Italiane by Saverio Orlando, Bologna: Biblioteca Universale Rizzoli, published 1988, section 46:Sembra Talia se in man prende la cetra, sembra Minerva se in man prende l’asta; se l’arco ha in mano, al fianco la faretra, giurar potrai che sia Diana casta.She would resemble Thalia if she took lyre in hand, Minerva, if she held a spear; if she had a bow in hand and quiver at her side, you would swear she was chaste Diana.
* (by extension) pure, innocent, virtuous
    Synonyms: innocente, puro, virtuoso
    Antonym: impuro
** c. 1226, Francis of Assisi, Cantico di Frate Sole [Canticle of the Sun]‎, page 2:Laudato si misignore per sor aqua. la quale emulto utile ethumile etpretiosa etcasta.Praised be You, my Lord, through Sister Water, which is very useful and humble and precious and chaste.
** 1581, Torquato Tasso, “Canto quinto [Fifth Canto]”, in Gerusalemme liberata [Jerusalem Delivered]‎, Erasmo Viotti, page 111:La bella Donna, ch'ogni cor più casto Arder credeva ad un girar di ciglia: O come perde hor l'alterezza, e 'l fastoThe beautiful woman, who thought every pure heart to be burning at the turn of eyelashes: o, how she loses her haughtiness and pride
** 1799, Vittorio Alfieri, “Ode - 14 decembre 1792”, in Misogallo [The French-Hater]‎, London, page 77:Oh bei costumi semplici, Là dove l'oro invan suoi strali avventa! Là dove i padri languidi Pura pietade filial sostenta. Dove a modesta vergine Casti imenei marito amante danno; Dove de' figli il numero Mai non si ascrive il genitore a danno.O beautiful, modest customs, against which gold throws in vain its arrows! There where the weakened fathers are supported by sheer filial piety; where chaste weddings give a modest virgin a loving husband; where the number of children is never seen as a liability by the parent.

#### Derived terms

* castamente

#### Related terms

* castigare
* castità
* incesto

### Further reading

* casto in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* Costa, Tasco, costa, costà, scato-, scota, tosca

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* chastō

### Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *kastō (“box, case”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkas.toː/, [ˈkäs̠t̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkas.to/, [ˈkäst̪o]

### Noun

castō m (genitive castōnis); third declension
* (Medieval Latin) encasement

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Old French: chastun, chaston, chestun, caston
** Middle French: chaton, chaston
*** French: chaton
**** → Catalan: xató
**** → English: chaton
* Galician: engastoar, gastallo, engastallar

### Adjective

castō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of castus

### References

* ↑ Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “casto”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 155
* ↑ casto in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

### Further reading

* casto in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese casto, from Latin castus, possibly borrowed.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈkas.tu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈkas.tu/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈkaʃ.tu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈkas.to/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈkaʃ.tu/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -astu, (Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -aʃtu
* Hyphenation: cas‧to

### Adjective

casto (feminine casta, masculine plural castos, feminine plural castas)
* chaste (abstaining from sexual activity)
    Antonyms: pervertido, tarado, devasso

#### Derived terms

* castamente

#### Related terms

* castidade
* castigar
* incesto

### Further reading

* “casto”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin castus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkasto/ [ˈkas.t̪o]
* Rhymes: -asto
* Syllabification: cas‧to

### Adjective

casto (feminine casta, masculine plural castos, feminine plural castas, superlative castísimo)
* chaste (abstaining from sexual intercourse)
* (obsolete) pure
    Synonym: puro

#### Related terms

* castidad
* castigar
* castizo
* incesto

#### See also

* casta

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “casto”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

### Further reading

* “casto”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10