# desafiar
## Asturian
### Verb

desafiar (first-person singular indicative present desafio, past participle desafiáu)
* to challenge (to invite someone to take part in a competition)

#### Synonyms

* retar

#### Related terms

* desafíu

## Catalan
### Etymology

From des- +‎ afiar, afidar (“swear fealty”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [də.zə.fiˈa]
* IPA: (Valencia) [de.za.fiˈaɾ]

### Verb

desafiar (first-person singular present desafio, first-person singular preterite desafií, past participle desafiat)
* to challenge

#### Derived terms

* desafiador
* desafiament
* desafiu

### Further reading

* “desafiar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From des- +‎ afiar, from Vulgar Latin *afidāre (“to trust”). Compare English defy.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /de.za.fiˈa(ʁ)/ [de.za.fɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /de.zaˈfja(ʁ)/ [de.zaˈfja(h)], /d͡ʒi.za.fiˈa(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒi.za.fɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /d͡ʒi.zaˈfja(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒi.zaˈfja(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /de.za.fiˈa(ʁ)/ [de.za.fɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /de.zaˈfja(ʁ)/ [de.zaˈfja(h)], /d͡ʒi.za.fiˈa(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒi.za.fɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /d͡ʒi.zaˈfja(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒi.zaˈfja(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /de.za.fiˈa(ɾ)/ [de.za.fɪˈa(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /de.zaˈfja(ɾ)/, /d͡ʒi.za.fiˈa(ɾ)/ [d͡ʒi.za.fɪˈa(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /d͡ʒi.zaˈfja(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /de.za.fiˈa(ʁ)/ [de.za.fɪˈa(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /de.zaˈfja(ʁ)/ [de.zaˈfja(χ)], /d͡ʒi.za.fiˈa(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒi.za.fɪˈa(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /d͡ʒi.zaˈfja(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒi.zaˈfja(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /de.za.fiˈa(ɻ)/ [de.za.fɪˈa(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /de.zaˈfja(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /dɨ.zɐˈfjaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /dɨ.zɐˈfjaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /dɨ.zɐˈfja.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: de‧sa‧fi‧ar

### Verb

desafiar (first-person singular present desafio, first-person singular preterite desafiei, past participle desafiado)
* to challenge; to defy
* to dare; to incite

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Derived terms

* desafiador
* desafiante
* desafio

#### Related terms

* confiar
* fidelidade
* fiel

#### Descendants

* → Tetum: dezafia

### References

* ↑ “desafiar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* ↑ “desafiar”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From des- + afiar, which is from fiar. Compare English defy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /desaˈfjaɾ/ [d̪e.saˈfjaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: de‧sa‧fiar

### Verb

desafiar (first-person singular present desafío, first-person singular preterite desafié, past participle desafiado)
* (transitive) to challenge (in a competition)
* (transitive) to defy, to challenge (e.g. parents, a leader, the status quo)
    Synonym: retar
* (transitive) to brave
* (transitive) to call out (i.e. to criticize or expose)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* desafiador
* desafiamiento
* desafiante
* desafío

### Further reading

* “desafiar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10