OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# diffraction
## English
### Etymology

From New Latin diffrāctiō (in which coined by Francesco Maria Grimaldi), from Latin diffrāctus, past participle of Latin diffringo (“to shatter, to break into pieces”). Coined in Physico-mathesis de lumine (1665) by Francesco Maria Grimaldi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɪˈfɹækʃən/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

diffraction (countable and uncountable, plural diffractions)
* (physics) The bending of a wave around an obstacle.
* (quantum mechanics) The breaking up of an electromagnetic wave as it passes a geometric structure (e.g. a slit), followed by reconstruction of the wave by interference.

#### Derived terms

* diffraction grating
* diffractionist
* diffractionless
* diffraction limit
* diffraction pattern
* microdiffraction
* neutron diffraction
* subdiffraction
* transmission electron diffraction
* X-ray diffraction

#### Translations
## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

diffraction f (plural diffractions)
* diffraction

#### Related terms

* diffracter
* diffractif

### Further reading

* “diffraction”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# гушля
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Back-formation from Old Slovak husle f pl, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *gǫsli. Doublet of ґусли (gusli).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦuʃʎa]
* Rhymes: -uʃʎa
* Hyphenation: гуш‧ля

### Noun

гушля (hušlja) f (diminutive гушелька or гушльочка, related adjective гушльов)
* violin, fiddle
    Synonym: виолина (violina)

#### Derived terms

* гушляр m pers (hušljar)

### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “гушля”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “violin”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 364
# project-manages
## English
### Verb

project-manages
* third-person singular simple present indicative of project-manage
# ꯏꯁꯤꯡ
## Manipuri
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /í.siŋ/

### Noun

ꯏꯁꯤꯡ (ʼiseeng) (Bengali script ইসিং)
* water

#### Derived terms

* ꯁꯣꯛꯏꯁꯤꯡ (sokʼiseeng)
* ꯆꯠꯏꯁꯤꯡ (chatʼiseeng)
* ꯆꯥꯎꯏꯁꯤꯡ (chaauʼiseeng)
* ꯆꯥꯏꯏꯁꯤꯡ (chaaʼiʼiseeng)
* ꯊꯨꯝꯏꯁꯤꯡ (thoomʼiseeng)
* ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ (ʼiseeng maaʼiseeng)
* ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ (ʼiseeng khong)
* ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯆꯥꯎ (ʼiseeng ʼichaau)
* ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯎꯆꯦꯛ (ʼiseengda taaba uchek)

### References

* Sharma, H[anjabam] Surmangol (2006) “ꯏꯁꯤꯡ”, in Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary, Imphal: Sangam Book Store.
# otwartość
## Polish
### Etymology

From otwarty +‎ -ość.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔˈtfar.tɔɕt͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -artɔɕt͡ɕ
* Syllabification: o‧twar‧tość

### Noun

otwartość f
* openness, receptiveness
* openness, frankness, candor, forthrightness
    Antonym: zamkniętość

#### Related terms

* otwarty
* otwarcie
* otwarcie
* otwieracz
* otwierać impf, otworzyć pf

### Further reading

* otwartość in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* otwartość in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# cité
## Champenois
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French citet, Latin cīvitās.

### Pronunciation

IPA: /si.te/

### Noun

cité f (plural cités)
* (Troyen) city

### References

* Daunay, Jean (1998) Parlers de Champagne : Pour un classement thématique du vocabulaire des anciens parlers de Champagne (Aube - Marne - Haute-Marne)‎ (in French), Rumilly-lés-Vaudes
* Baudoin, Alphonse (1885) Glossaire de la forêt de Clairvaux‎ (in French), Troyes

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French cité, from Old French citet, from Late Latin cīvitātem (“city”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si.te/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: citer, citée, citées, cités, citez
* Hyphenation: ci‧te

### Noun

cité f (plural cités)
* city
    Synonym: ville
* citizenship
    Synonym: citoyenneté
    obtenir la cité ― to obtain citizenship
* a fortified city, city-state, or historic city centre specifically
    la Cité des Papes ― the city of popes (Avignon)
* (historical, Canada) a municipality with city rather than town status
* housing estate
* complex of buildings or district set aside for a specific purpose; campus

#### Usage notes

* This word is usually used in historical, technical, or metaphorical senses, with the usual term for a town or city of any size being ville.

#### Derived terms

* avoir droit de cité
* cité universitaire
* citoyen
* téci

#### Related terms

* citadelle
* citadin
* civil

#### Descendants

* → Dutch: cité
* → Turkish: site

### Participle

cité (feminine citée, masculine plural cités, feminine plural citées)
* past participle of citer

#### Derived terms

* sus-cité

### Further reading

* “cité”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French cité.

### Noun

cité f (plural citez)
* city

#### Descendants

* French: cité

## Old French
### Noun

cité oblique singular, f (oblique plural citez, nominative singular cité, nominative plural citez)
* Alternative form of citet

## Spanish
### Verb

cité
* first-person singular preterite indicative of citar
# okrucieństwo
## Polish
### Etymology

From okrutny +‎ -stwo. Compare Czech ukrutnost.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ.kruˈt͡ɕɛɲ.stfɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛɲstfɔ
* Syllabification: o‧kru‧cień‧stwo

### Noun

okrucieństwo n
* cruelty
    Synonyms: (archaic) bestialność, bestialstwo, (dated) bestializm, zezwierzęcenie
* atrocity
    Synonym: okropność

#### Related terms

* okrutnik

### Further reading

* okrucieństwo in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* okrucieństwo in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# zucre
## Aragonese
### Alternative forms

* sucre, asucre, azúcal

### Etymology

From Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), from Persian شکر (šekar), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “ground or candied sugar”); see sugar for more details. Maybe through Old French çucre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈθukɾe/
* Rhymes: -ukɾe
* Syllabification: zu‧cre

### Noun

zucre m (uncountable)
* sugar

#### Derived terms

* zucrería (“pastry shop”)

### References

* “azúcar”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)
* Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) “zucre”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Old French çucre.

### Noun

zucre m or f (plural zucres)
* Alternative spelling of azucre

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old French çucre, from Arabic سكر, from Persian شکر (šakar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈθukɾe/ [ˈθu.kɾɪ]
* IPA: (standard) /ˈθukɾe/ [ˈθu.kɾɪ]
* IPA: (seseo) /ˈsukɾe/ [ˈsu.kɾɪ]
* Rhymes: -ukɾe
* Hyphenation: zu‧cre

### Noun

zucre m (plural zucres)
* Alternative form of azucre

### References

* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “azucre”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
# chanfrar
## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old French chanfreindre.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʃɐ̃ˈfɾa(ʁ)/ [ʃɐ̃ˈfɾa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʃɐ̃ˈfɾa(ʁ)/ [ʃɐ̃ˈfɾa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ʃɐ̃ˈfɾa(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ʃɐ̃ˈfɾa(ʁ)/ [ʃɐ̃ˈfɾa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ʃɐ̃ˈfɾa(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʃɐ̃ˈfɾaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʃɐ̃ˈfɾaɾ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /t͡ʃɐ̃ˈfɾaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ʃɐ̃ˈfɾa.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: chan‧frar

### Verb

chanfrar (first-person singular present chanfro, first-person singular preterite chanfrei, past participle chanfrado) (transitive)
* to chamfer (chamfer in)
* to chamfer (cut at an angle or sideways)
* to chamfer (trim the edges of)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Derived terms

* chanfrador
# Weesp
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch Weesp.

### Proper noun

Weesp
* A city in Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands.

## Dutch
### Etymology

First attested as wesepa in 1131. Compound of an unclear first element and Old Dutch *apa (“river, watercourse”). The first element may be Proto-Germanic *wisi (“good”) or Proto-Indo-European *weis (“flow, stream, stream out”).
Compare Wesepe, Wezep and Wezup.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Weesp

### Proper noun

Weesp n
* A city and former municipality of Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
    Synonym: Tobbegat (Carnival nickname)

#### Derived terms

* Weesper
* Weesps
* Weesperbuurt
* Weesperzijde
* Weesperkarspel

### References

* van Berkel, Gerard, Samplonius, Kees (2018) “weesp”, in Nederlandse plaatsnamen verklaard‎ (in Dutch), Mijnbestseller.nl, →ISBN
# அழுக்கு
## Tamil
### Etymology

Probably from அழுங்கு (aḻuṅku). Cognate to Malayalam അഴുക്കു (aḻukku).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐɻʊkːʊ/, [ɐɻʊkːɯ]

### Noun

அழுக்கு • (aḻukku)
* dirt, stain
    Synonym: மாசு (mācu)
* excrement, physical impurities
* impurity of mind
    Synonym: மனமாசு (maṉamācu)
* impurity of soul
* envy
    Synonym: பொறாமை (poṟāmai)
* lochia, discharges after confinement
* soiled clothes
* (Kongu) hawk's bill (Caretta squamata)

#### Derived terms

* அழுக்ககற்றி (aḻukkakaṟṟi)
* அழுக்கறு (aḻukkaṟu)
* அழுக்குத்தேமல் (aḻukkuttēmal)
* அழுக்குமூட்டை (aḻukkumūṭṭai)

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “அழுக்கு”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# uwierzytelnić
## Polish
### Etymology

From u- +‎ wierzytelny +‎ -ić.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /u.vjɛ.ʐɘˈtɛl.ɲit͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛlɲit͡ɕ
* Syllabification: u‧wie‧rzy‧tel‧nić

### Verb

uwierzytelnić pf (imperfective uwierzytelniać)
* (transitive, reflexive) to authenticate, to certify

#### Derived terms

* uwierzytelnienie

#### Related terms

* wiarogodny
* wierny
* wiara
* uwierzyć
* wierzyć

### Further reading

* uwierzytelnić in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* uwierzytelnić in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# fecaluria
## English
### Alternative forms

* faecaluria

### Etymology

From fecal +‎ -uria.

### Noun

fecaluria (uncountable)
* (pathology) The presence of feces in the urine.

#### Translations
## Spanish
### Etymology

From fecal +‎ -uria.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fekaˈluɾja/ [fe.kaˈlu.ɾja]
* Rhymes: -uɾja
* Syllabification: fe‧ca‧lu‧ria

### Noun

fecaluria f (uncountable)
* (pathology) fecaluria

#### Derived terms

* fecalúrico
# jalonear
## Spanish
### Etymology

From jalón +‎ -ear.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xaloneˈaɾ/ [xa.lo.neˈaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: ja‧lo‧ne‧ar

### Verb

jalonear (first-person singular present jaloneo, first-person singular preterite jaloneé, past participle jaloneado)
* (transitive, Bolivia, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico) to tug
* (transitive, Mexico) to haggle

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

#### Derived terms

* jaloneo

### Further reading

* “jalonear”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# pustuloso
## Latin
### Adjective

pustulōsō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of pustulōsus

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin pustulosus, from pustula (“inflamed sore”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pustuˈloso/ [pus.t̪uˈlo.so]
* Rhymes: -oso
* Syllabification: pus‧tu‧lo‧so

### Adjective

pustuloso (feminine pustulosa, masculine plural pustulosos, feminine plural pustulosas)
* pustular

#### Related terms

* postilla
* pus
* pústula

### Further reading

* “pustuloso”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# warehouseman
## English
### Etymology

From warehouse +‎ -man.

### Noun

warehouseman (plural warehousemen)
* A person who manages, or works in, a warehouse.
** 1851, Henry Mayhew, “Costermongers”, in London Labour and the London Poor:But the itinerant tradesman or street-seller is still further distinguished from the regular fixed dealer—the stallkeeper from the shopkeeper—the street-wareman from the warehouseman, by the arts they respectively employ to attract custom.
** 1940, War Department Technical Manual, volume 10, number 250, page 117:If a recount of an item is ordered, the warehouseman responsible for the custody of the stock accompanies and assists the rechecker to assure himself that the exact quantity of stock recorded as on hand is actually physically present.
* (UK, obsolete) One who keeps a wholesale shop for woollen goods.

#### Synonyms

* storeman
* warehouse clerk

#### Derived terms

* Italian warehouseman

#### Related terms

* warehousewoman
# pozaczasowy
## Polish
### Etymology

From poza- +‎ czas +‎ -owy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔ.za.t͡ʂaˈsɔ.vɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
* Syllabification: po‧za‧cza‧so‧wy

### Adjective

pozaczasowy (comparative bardziej pozaczasowy, superlative najbardziej pozaczasowy, derived adverb pozaczasowo)
* timeless, not affected by time, ageless
    Synonyms: ponadczasowy, bezczasowy

#### Derived terms

* pozaczasowość

### Further reading

* pozaczasowy in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* pozaczasowy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# -endne
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /end.ne/

### Suffix

-endne
* strong accusative masculine singular of -ende
# tekort
## Dutch
### Etymology

From te (“too”) +‎ kort (“short”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /təˈkɔrt/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: te‧kort
* Rhymes: -ɔrt

### Noun

tekort n (plural tekorten, diminutive tekortje n)
* shortage, deficit

#### Antonyms

* teveel

#### Derived terms

* begrotingstekort

#### Related terms

* tekortdoen
* tekortkomen
* tekortschieten

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: tekor

### Anagrams

* kortte
# tulvahtaa
## Finnish
### Etymology

tulva +‎ -ahtaa

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtulʋɑhtɑːˣ/, [ˈt̪ulʋɑ̝xt̪ɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ulʋɑhtɑː
* Hyphenation: tul‧vah‧taa

### Verb

tulvahtaa
* (intransitive) to flood suddenly; gush, surge

#### Derived terms

* tulvahdella

### Further reading

* “tulvahtaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* haluttava, tuhlaavat
# invalidar
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From in- +‎ válido (“valid”) +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.va.liˈda(ʁ)/ [ĩ.va.liˈda(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.va.liˈda(ʁ)/ [ĩ.va.liˈda(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ĩ.va.liˈda(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ĩ.va.liˈda(ʁ)/ [ĩ.va.liˈda(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.va.liˈda(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.vɐ.liˈdaɾ/ [ĩ.vɐ.liˈðaɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.vɐ.liˈdaɾ/ [ĩ.vɐ.liˈðaɾ]
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.bɐ.liˈdaɾ/ [ĩ.bɐ.liˈðaɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.vɐ.liˈda.ɾi/ [ĩ.vɐ.liˈða.ɾi]
* Hyphenation: in‧va‧li‧dar

### Verb

invalidar (first-person singular present invalido, first-person singular preterite invalidei, past participle invalidado)
* to invalidate
* to nullify

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Etymology

From in- +‎ válido (“valid”) +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /imbaliˈdaɾ/ [ĩm.ba.liˈð̞aɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: in‧va‧li‧dar

### Verb

invalidar (first-person singular present invalido, first-person singular preterite invalidé, past participle invalidado)
* (transitive) to invalidate

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* invalidación
* invalidante

### Further reading

* “invalidar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# calorize
## English
### Etymology 1

From Latin calor (“heat”) +‎ -ize.

#### Verb

calorize (third-person singular simple present calorizes, present participle calorizing, simple past and past participle calorized)
* To form a protective surface on (a ferrous metal) by coating with aluminum powder and then heating.
** 1927, United States National Bureau of Standards, Light metals and alloys: Aluminum. Magnesium, page 39:He finds that materials that have been mechanically worked calorize better than cast material.
** 1930, Mechanical Engineers' Handbook, page 689:Forged, wrought, drawn, rolled or pressed metals calorize better than cast metals.
** 1955, Babcock & Wilcox Company, Steam: its generation and use, page 24-14:The foundry at Barberton is also equipped to dip calorize (coating with aluminum) steel plates and castings.

##### Derived terms

* calorizator
* calorizer

### Etymology 2

From calorie +‎ -ize.

#### Verb

calorize (third-person singular simple present calorizes, present participle calorizing, simple past and past participle calorized)
* (intransitive, dated) To follow a diet that focuses on the number of calories in food.
** 1926, Pennsylvania's Health - Volume 4:She too is calorizing. She will retain her flapper figure--- and starve herself to do it!
** 1928, Leonard Bacon, Joseph Parrish Thompson, Richard Salter Storrs, The Independent - Volume 120, page 135:Mr. Coffey does not tell us whether he accomplished this admirable stabilization of his avoirdupois by exercising, by calorizing, or by reading James Joyce.
** 1958, Peter Joseph Steincrohn, You can increase your heart-power, page 212:He will vitaminize and calorize you into gaining weight.
* (transitive) To provide information about the number of calories in (a food item).
** 1932, The Southern Pharmaceutical Journal - Volume 25, page 240:Candy calorized has endeavored to show a woman that she puts on no more pounds eating candy than she does eating something else.
** 1984, Restaurant Business - Volume 83, page 162:Diet Plan: l3 to l4 days of completely calorized menus with the all-important basic four food groups included in each meal.
* (transitive) To make (food) with high-calorie ingredients.
** 1959, Poultry and Farm Supply World - Volumes 36-37, page 17:While calorized feeds for poultry were being developed, scientists were also looking into an improved milk replacer for calves.

### Anagrams

* coralize
# suffocation
## English
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle English suffocation, suffocacioun, from Middle French suffocation, from Latin suffocatio.

### Noun

suffocation (countable and uncountable, plural suffocations)
* (uncountable) Asphyxia—a condition in which an extreme decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the body accompanied by an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide leads to loss of consciousness or death.
    A child left unattended may die of suffocation.
** 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXIX, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 302:The moon, directly opposite, flung into the room a long and tremulous line of light, which fell on Guido's face, as he reclined on the pillows which supported his head; he needed the support, for a feeling of suffocation was his constant complaint.
* (countable) A particular act of death or killing by means of asphyxia.
    The coroner reported three suffocations last week.

#### Synonyms

* asphyxia

#### Derived terms

* suffocation mate

#### Related terms

* suffocate

#### Translations

Bulgarian: задушаване n (zadušavane)
Danish: kvælning (da) c
Dutch: verstikking (nl) f
Egyptian: (jtmw)
French: suffocation (fr) f
German: Erstickung f
Greek: πνιγμονή (el) f (pnigmoní), πνίξιμο (el) n (pníximo), πνιγμοσύνη (el) f (pnigmosýni)
Hungarian: fulladás (hu)
Irish: múchadh m, plúchadh m
Italian: soffocazione (it)
Latin: suffocatio f
Norman: suffocâtion f (Jersey)
Russian: удуше́ние (ru) n (udušénije), уду́шье (ru) n (udúšʹje)
Swedish: kvävning (sv) c :

### Further reading

* “suffocation”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* “suffocation”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
* “suffocation”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “suffocation”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* auctions off, offuscation

## French
### Etymology

From Latin suffocātiōnem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sy.fɔ.ka.sjɔ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

suffocation f (plural suffocations)
* suffocation

### Further reading

* “suffocation”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# charque
## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish charqui, from Quechua charki.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʃaʁ.ki/ [ˈʃah.ki]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʃaʁ.ki/ [ˈʃah.ki]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈʃaɾ.ki/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʃaʁ.ki/ [ˈʃaχ.ki]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʃaɻ.ke/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʃaɾ.kɨ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʃaɾ.kɨ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃaɾ.kɨ/
* (Northern Portugal) IPA: [ˈt͡ʃaɾ.kɨ]
* Hyphenation: char‧que

### Noun

charque m (plural charques)
* (Brazil) jerky (lean meat cured and preserved by cutting into thin strips and air-drying in the sun)

#### Descendants

* → Hunsrik: Scharke

### References

* ↑ “charque”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* ↑ “charque”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Noun

charque m (plural charques)
* Alternative form of charqui

#### Derived terms

* charquear

### Further reading

* “charque”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Burgbernheims
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌbʊʁkˈbɛɐ̯nhaɪ̯ms/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Burg‧bern‧heims

### Proper noun

Burgbernheims
* genitive singular of Burgbernheim
# blue screen of death
## English
### Etymology

First use appears c. 1993 with the release of Windows NT 3.1. See cite below.

### Noun

blue screen of death (plural blue screens of death)
* (computing, informal) An error screen displayed by some operating systems, especially Microsoft Windows, after encountering an unrecoverable error which causes the system to shut down.
    Synonyms: blue screen, BSOD, stop error
** 1993 October 10, tay...@saturn.brooks.af.mil, “NT Patch--doesn't fix Services for Macintosh”, in comp.os.ms-windows.nt.setup‎ (Usenet):The only remaining problem is--NT still locks up the machine at exactly the same point. The only difference is that I don't get the blue screen of death--NT just freezes.
** 2007, Paul Lilly, “BSOD Crash Course”, in Maximum PC, page 40:A Blue Screen of Death is like an encrypted message from your computer telling you there's a problem. We're going to help you make sense of the gobbledygook so you can fix whatever's ailing your PC!

#### Derived terms

* red ring of death
* screen of death

#### Translations
### See also

* fatal system error, kernel panic, red ring of death, yellow light of death fail whale

### Further reading

* blue screen of death on Wikipedia.Wikipedia