OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# murentaa
## Finnish
### Etymology 1

murea +‎ -ntaa

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmurentɑːˣ/, [ˈmure̞n̪t̪ɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -urentɑː
* Hyphenation: mu‧ren‧taa

#### Verb

murentaa
* (transitive) to crumble, make something crumble, make something deteriorate

##### Derived terms

* murennella
* murennus
* murentua

##### Related terms

* murentua
* murtaa
* murtua
* murustaa

#### Further reading

* “murentaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmurentɑː/, [ˈmure̞n̪t̪ɑ̝ː]
* Rhymes: -urentɑː
* Hyphenation: mu‧ren‧taa

#### Verb

murentaa
* third-person singular present indicative of murentaa

### Anagrams

* rumentaa
# paliban
## Hungarian
### Etymology

pali +‎ -ban

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpɒlibɒn]
* Hyphenation: pa‧li‧ban

### Noun

paliban
* inessive singular of pali

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From pa- +‎ liban.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /paˈliban/ [pɐˈliː.bɐn̪]
* Rhymes: -iban
* Syllabification: pa‧li‧ban

### Noun

paliban (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜎᜒᜊᜈ᜔)
* postponement; request to postpone

#### Derived terms

* ipagpaliban
* ipaliban
* magpaliban
* maipagpaliban
* mapaliban
* pagkapaliban-liban
* paliban-liban

### Verb

paliban (complete pinaliban, progressive pinapaliban, contemplative papaliban, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜎᜒᜊᜈ᜔)
* (informal) Nonstandard form of ipaliban.

### Further reading

* “paliban”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “paliban”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# ratna
## Balinese
### Romanization

ratna
* Romanization of ᬭᬢ᭄ᬦ.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Sanskrit रत्न (rátna, “jewel, gem”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈratna]
* Hyphenation: rat‧na

### Noun

ratna
* jewel, A precious or semi-precious stone; gem, gemstone.
    Synonyms: jauhar, permata
* (figurative) beautiful girl.

#### Alternative forms

* rana

### Further reading

* “ratna” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

ratna
* Romanization of ꦫꦠ꧀ꦤ.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit रत्न (ratna, “gem, jewel”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rat.na/
* Rhymes: -na
* Hyphenation: rat‧na

### Noun

ratna
* jewel
* jewel-like

### Adjective

ratna
* jewelled
* of jewel

### Derived terms

* mahāratna
* ratnadaṇḍa
* ratnadewatī
* ratnaduhitā
* ratnadukara
* ratnadwada
* ratnagṛha
* ratnajampana
* ratnakanyakā
* ratnakanyā
* ratnamaya
* ratnamaṇḍapa
* ratnapakaja
* ratnapalaṅka
* ratnaparyaṅka
* ratnapaṅkaja
* ratnasaṅgha
* ratnasaṅghya
* ratnasiṅhāsana
* ratnatraya
* ratnatrayayoga
* ratnawadhū
* ratnawanitā
* ratnābharaṇa
* ratnāgra
* ratnāsana
* ratnāṅganā
* sarwaratna
* strīratna
* suratna

### Descendants

* > Javanese: ꦫꦠ꧀ꦤ (ratna), ꦉꦠ꧀ꦤ (retna) (inherited)

### Further reading

* "ratna" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# centrar
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [sənˈtɾa]
* IPA: (Valencia) [senˈtɾaɾ]
* Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

### Verb

centrar (first-person singular present centro, first-person singular preterite centrí, past participle centrat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/
* to center
* to centralise

#### Conjugation
## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Borrowed from French centrer. Derivable from centro (noun) +‎ -ar.

### Verb

centrar (ORB, broad)
* to center

#### Conjugation
### References

* centrar in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /sẽˈtɾa(ʁ)/ [sẽˈtɾa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /sẽˈtɾa(ʁ)/ [sẽˈtɾa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /sẽˈtɾa(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /sẽˈtɾa(ʁ)/ [sẽˈtɾa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /sẽˈtɾa(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /sẽˈtɾaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /sẽˈtɾaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /sẽˈtɾa.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: cen‧trar

### Verb

centrar (first-person singular present centro, first-person singular preterite centrei, past participle centrado)
* to centre
* to centralize

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /θenˈtɾaɾ/ [θẽn̪ˈt̪ɾaɾ]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /senˈtɾaɾ/ [sẽn̪ˈt̪ɾaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: cen‧trar

### Verb

centrar (first-person singular present centro, first-person singular preterite centré, past participle centrado)
* to focus, to center
** 2016 November, “Los ojos del gato”, in Frontera.info‎:En primer lugar, centrémonos en el aspecto fisiológico y destaquemos algunas cuestiones básicas:Los gatitos abren los ojos al séptimo día de su nacimiento pero no desarrollan todo su potencial hasta pasadas unas 12.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (soccer) cross (pass the ball from one side of the pitch to the other side)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* centro

### Further reading

* “centrar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Noun

centrar
* indefinite plural of center
# brecha
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbrɛ.xa/
* Rhymes: -ɛxa
* Syllabification: bre‧cha

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Brecheisen.

#### Noun

brecha f
* (dialectal or colloquial) crowbar
    Synonym: łom

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Possibly from a slang term brechtać się (“to laugh”) or from beka.

#### Noun

brecha f
* (slang) kicks, amusement, fun (state of being amused)
    Synonym: ubaw

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

brecha
* third-person singular present of brechać

### Further reading

* brecha in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from French brèche (“gap”), from Frankish *breka (“a breach, break”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɾɛ.ʃɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɾɛ.ʃɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɾɛ.ʃa/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈbɾɛ.ʃɐ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈbɾɛ.ʃɐ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ˈbɾɛ.t͡ʃɐ/
* Hyphenation: bre‧cha

### Noun

brecha f (plural brechas)
* breach, gap (opening allowing passage or entrance)
    Synonyms: abertura, fresta
* fissure
    Synonyms: fenda, fissura

### References

* ↑ “brecha”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
* ↑ “brecha”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French brèche (“gap”), from Frankish *breka. Compare English breach.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɾet͡ʃa/ [ˈbɾe.t͡ʃa]
* Rhymes: -etʃa
* Syllabification: bre‧cha

### Noun

brecha f (plural brechas)
* breach
    brecha de seguridad ― security breach
* gap, divide, gulf, chasm
** 2015 October 19, “Tribuna”, in El País‎:Estamos, pues, ante el riesgo de un círculo vicioso en el que la infrautilización de tecnologías digitales y la baja productividad se reforzarían mutuamente, ampliando la brecha económica con respecto a los países más avanzados y agravando las desigualdades sociales.We are therefore faced with the risk of a vicious cycle in which the underuse of digital technologies and low productivity reinforce each other, widening the economic divide with regard to more advanced countries and worsening social inequalities.
* rift, wedge
* break, breakthrough (change in circumstance or situation)
* gash (wound from a cut)
* impression
    abrir brechato make an impression(literally, “to break through”)

#### Hyponyms

* brecha digital (“digital divide”)
* brecha de género (“gender gap”)
* brecha de seguridad (“security breach”)

#### Derived terms

* colmar la brecha
* salvar la brecha (“to bridge the gap”)

### Further reading

* “brecha”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# endarteriectomy
## English
### Noun

endarteriectomy (plural endarteriectomies)
* Alternative spelling of endarterectomy

#### Derived terms

* thrombendarteriectomy
* thrombo-endarteriectomy
# opereta
## Basque
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish opereta (“operetta”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /opeɾeta/ [o.pe.ɾe.t̪a]
* Rhymes: -eta
* Hyphenation: o‧pe‧re‧ta

### Noun

opereta inan
* (music) operetta

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “opereta”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia

## Catalan
### Noun

opereta f (plural operetes)
* (music) operetta (lighter version of opera with a frivolous story and spoken dialogue)

### Further reading

* “opereta” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “opereta”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “opereta” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “opereta” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Czech
### Noun

opereta f
* operetta

#### Related terms

* See opus
* opera

## Galician
### Noun

opereta f (plural operetas)
* (music) operetta (lighter version of opera with a frivolous story and spoken dialogue)

### Further reading

* “opereta”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /o.peˈɾe.tɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /o.peˈɾe.tɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /o.peˈɾe.ta/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɔ.pɨˈɾe.tɐ/
* Hyphenation: o‧pe‧re‧ta

### Noun

opereta f (plural operetas)
* (music) operetta (lighter version of opera with a frivolous story and spoken dialogue)

#### Related terms

* ópera

### Further reading

* “opereta”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /operěta/
* Hyphenation: o‧pe‧re‧ta

### Noun

operèta f (Cyrillic spelling оперѐта)
* operetta

#### Declension
## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔpɛréːta/

### Noun

operẹ̑ta f
* operetta (lighter version of opera with a frivolous story and spoken dialogue)

#### Inflection
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian operetta, diminutive of opera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /opeˈɾeta/ [o.peˈɾe.t̪a]
* Rhymes: -eta
* Syllabification: o‧pe‧re‧ta

### Noun

opereta f (plural operetas)
* (music) operetta

#### Related terms

* ópera

### Further reading

* “opereta”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from English operator.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

opereta class V (plural maopereta class VI)
* operator

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English operator.

### Noun

opereta
* operator
# past imperfect tense
## English
### Noun

past imperfect tense (usually uncountable, plural past imperfect tenses)
* A grammatical tense which expresses the past as an action which was still going on at the point in time described, say someone "was ...ing" something, as opposed to the already accomplished counterpart past perfect tense (where the action took place even further in the past)
# Ape̩l
## Limburgish
### Alternative forms

* appel (Veldeke spelling)
* Appel (German-based spelling, Eupen)

### Etymology

From Old Limburgish *appul (“apple, fruit”), from Proto-West Germanic *applu, from Proto-Germanic *aplaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.pəl/
* Rhymes: -apəl

### Noun

Ape̩l m (plural Äpe̩l or Ape̩le̩, diminutive Äpe̩lke̩) (Rheinische Dokumenta spelling)
* apple (fruit)

#### Derived terms

* Ape̩lsiin
* Ouchsape̩l
# cercenar
## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin circināre (“to make round”). Compare Portuguese cercear.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /θeɾθeˈnaɾ/ [θeɾ.θeˈnaɾ]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /seɾseˈnaɾ/ [seɾ.seˈnaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: cer‧ce‧nar

### Verb

cercenar (first-person singular present cerceno, first-person singular preterite cercené, past participle cercenado)
* (transitive, also figurative) to curtail, cut, sever, cut short
    Synonyms: cortar, amputar
** 1637, Baltasar Gracián, “Primor XI”, in El héroe:Prosperidad muy aprisa, atropellándose unas a otras las felicidades, siempre fue sospechosa; porque suele la fortuna cercenar del tiempo lo que acumula del favor.Quick prosperity, with joyous moments tripping over each other, was always suspicious; because fortune tends to cut off from time what it accumulates from favor.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* cercenador
* cercenadura
* cercenamiento

#### Related terms

* cercen

### Further reading

* “cercenar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# paikoittain
## Finnish
### Etymology

paikka +‎ -(i)ttain (distributive plural)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑi̯koi̯tːɑi̯n/, [ˈpɑ̝i̯ko̞i̯t̪ːɑ̝i̯n]
* Rhymes: -ɑikoitːɑin
* Hyphenation: pai‧koit‧tain

### Adverb

paikoittain
* in parts, in some places, in some areas, at some places, here and there

#### Synonyms

* paikoitellen

#### Derived terms

* paikoittainen

### Further reading

* “paikoittain”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# termy
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɛr.mɘ/
* Rhymes: -ɛrmɘ
* Syllabification: ter‧my

### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin thermae.

#### Noun

termy nvir pl
* (historical) thermae (facilities for bathing in ancient Rome)
* thermal baths

##### Related terms

* termiczny
* termicznie

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

termy
* inflection of terma:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural

### Further reading

* termy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# cvok
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech cvok, cvek (“iron nail”). Borrowed from Middle High German zwëc, wherefrom German zwicken. The change in the meaning comes from the idiom mít cvek v hlavě (“to be a nutcase”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡svok]
* Rhymes: -ok

### Noun

cvok m anim
* short, stocky person, esp. a child
* nutcase (insane person)

#### Declension
### Noun

cvok m inan
* stud (short nail with wide round head)

#### Derived terms

* cvoček
* cvokatět
* cvokárna

### Further reading

* “cvok”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “cvok”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “cvok”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# caulked
## English
### Alternative forms

* calked

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɔːkt

### Verb

caulked
* simple past and past participle of caulk

### Adjective

caulked (not comparable)
* Having cracks or crevices stopped-up with a filler.

#### Derived terms

* uncaulked
# ininflamable
## Spanish
### Etymology

From in- +‎ inflamable.

### Adjective

ininflamable m or f (masculine and feminine plural ininflamables)
* nonflammable
    Antonym: inflamable

#### Related terms

* combustible
* ignición
* ignífugo
* inflamación
* inflamar
* inflamatorio

### Further reading

* “ininflamable”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# -beck
## German
### Alternative forms

* -becke, -becken, -beek, -bek, -beke, -beken

### Etymology

From Middle Low German bēke, from Old Saxon beki, from Proto-West Germanic *baki. Doublet of -bach.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛk/, (northern dated also) /beːk/

### Suffix

-beck
* Placename suffix found in northern Germany

#### Usage notes

* Surnames in -beck are often derived from such placenames. However, they may also be compounds with unrelated Beck (“baker”), e.g. Brotbeck.

#### Derived terms

* Ahlbeck
* Averbeck
* Berbeck
* Billerbeck
* Borbeck
* Einbeck
* Gembeck
* Gladbeck
* Havixbeck
* Lübeck (alteration of a Slavic name)
* Lutterbeck
* Möllenbeck
* Mühlbeck
* Mühlenbeck
* Niederbeck
* Oberbeck
* Overbeck
* Scharmbeck
* Schermbeck
* Schmalbeck
* Schönebeck
* Sonsbeck
* Steinbeck
* Vorbeck
* Wittenbeck
* Wolbeck

#### Related terms

* Bockbier
# oscylować
## Polish
### Etymology

Adapted borrowing of French osciller +‎ -ować, from Latin oscillō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔs.t͡sɘˈlɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: os‧cy‧lo‧wać

### Verb

oscylować impf
* (intransitive) to oscillate (to swing back and forth, especially if with a regular rhythm)

#### Related terms

* oscylacyjny
* oscylacja

### Further reading

* oscylować in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* oscylować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# reformatorka
## Polish
### Etymology

From reformator +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɛ.fɔr.maˈtɔr.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔrka
* Syllabification: re‧for‧ma‧tor‧ka

### Noun

reformatorka f (male equivalent reformator)
* female equivalent of reformator (“reformer”)

#### Related terms

* reformacki
* reformacyjny
* reformatorski
* reformistyczny
* reformowalny
* reformowany
* reformatorsko
* reforma
* reformacja
* reformat
* reformatorskość
* reformatorstwo
* reforming
* reformista
* reformistka
* reformizm
* reformowalność
* reformować impf
* zreformować pf

### Further reading

* reformatorka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# confabularse
## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin cōnfābulārī.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /konfabuˈlaɾse/ [kõɱ.fa.β̞uˈlaɾ.se]
* Rhymes: -aɾse
* Syllabification: con‧fa‧bu‧lar‧se

### Verb

confabularse (first-person singular present me confabulo, first-person singular preterite me confabulé, past participle confabulado)
* (reflexive) to plot, plot together; to connive, conspire, scheme

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

#### Related terms

* confabulación
* confabulador

### Further reading

* “confabular”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# clerkish
## English
### Etymology

From clerk +‎ -ish.

### Adjective

clerkish (comparative more clerkish, superlative most clerkish)
* Like or resembling a clerk.

#### Derived terms

* clerkishly
# phonetic
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin phōnēticus, from Ancient Greek φωνητῐκός (phōnētĭkós). By surface analysis, phone +‎ -etic.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /fəˈnɛt.ɪk/
* (US) IPA: /fəˈnɛt.ɪk/, [fəˈnɛɾɪk]
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: pho‧net‧ic

### Adjective

phonetic (not comparable)
* Relating to the sounds of spoken language.
* (linguistics) Relating to phones (as opposed to phonemes).
* Relating to the spoken rather than written form of a word or name, as opposed to orthographic.
    All unfamiliar names have been transcribed in phonetic spelling.

#### Derived terms

* international phonetic alphabet
* NATO phonetic alphabet
* phonetical
* phonetically
* phonetic alphabet
* phonetic determinative
* phonetic erosion
* phonetic name
* phonetic spelling alphabet
* phonetic symbol
* phonetic symbolism
* psychophonetic

#### Related terms

* fauxnetic
* phone
* phoneme
* phonemic
* phonetics
* phonology
* semiphonetic

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Noun

phonetic (plural phonetics)
* (linguistics) In such writing systems as the Chinese writing system, the portion of a phono-semantic character that provides an indication of its pronunciation; contrasted with semantic (which is usually the radical).
** 1887–88, J. Edkins, “The character 眞 true”, in The China Review, volume 16, page 306:I suspect that 田 dien is the original character and true phonetic of the whole group.
** 1984, John DeFrancis, The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy:In the first case the character is pronounced identically, even as to tone, as the phonetic.
** 2013, William S-Y. Wang, Love and War in Ancient China: Voices from the Shijing, page 25:Or, the semantic may wrap around the phonetic, or position within the phonetic.
# mänkiä
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *mänkidäk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmæŋkiæˣ/, [ˈmæŋk̟iæ(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -æŋkiæ
* Hyphenation: män‧kiä

### Verb

mänkiä (archaic)
* to rage, rampage, rummage
    Synonyms: riehua, möyriä
* (dialectal, Southwest Finnish) to play (like children)
    Synonym: leikkiä

#### Derived terms

* mänkeri
* mänkyä

### References

* “mänkiä”, in Vanhan kirjasuomen sanakirja [Dictionary of Old Literary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, incomplete, continuously updated), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2021, →ISSN, retrieved 2024-08-07.