OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# hiilikausi
## Finnish
### Etymology

hiili +‎ kausi

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhiːliˌkɑu̯si/, [ˈhiːliˌkɑ̝u̯s̠i]
* Rhymes: -ɑusi
* Hyphenation: hiili‧kausi

### Noun

hiilikausi
* Carboniferous period

#### Declension

Possessive forms of hiilikausi (Kotus type 27*F/käsi, t-d gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
hiilikauteni
accusative
nom.
hiilikauteni
gen.
hiilikauteni
genitive
hiilikauteni
partitive
hiilikauttani
inessive
hiilikaudessani
elative
hiilikaudestani
illative
hiilikauteeni
adessive
hiilikaudellani
ablative
hiilikaudeltani
allative
hiilikaudelleni
essive
hiilikautenani
translative
hiilikaudekseni
abessive
hiilikaudettani
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
hiilikautesi
accusative
nom.
hiilikautesi
gen.
hiilikautesi
genitive
hiilikautesi
partitive
hiilikauttasi
inessive
hiilikaudessasi
elative
hiilikaudestasi
illative
hiilikauteesi
adessive
hiilikaudellasi
ablative
hiilikaudeltasi
allative
hiilikaudellesi
essive
hiilikautenasi
translative
hiilikaudeksesi
abessive
hiilikaudettasi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
hiilikautemme
accusative
nom.
hiilikautemme
gen.
hiilikautemme
genitive
hiilikautemme
partitive
hiilikauttamme
inessive
hiilikaudessamme
elative
hiilikaudestamme
illative
hiilikauteemme
adessive
hiilikaudellamme
ablative
hiilikaudeltamme
allative
hiilikaudellemme
essive
hiilikautenamme
translative
hiilikaudeksemme
abessive
hiilikaudettamme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
hiilikautenne
accusative
nom.
hiilikautenne
gen.
hiilikautenne
genitive
hiilikautenne
partitive
hiilikauttanne
inessive
hiilikaudessanne
elative
hiilikaudestanne
illative
hiilikauteenne
adessive
hiilikaudellanne
ablative
hiilikaudeltanne
allative
hiilikaudellenne
essive
hiilikautenanne
translative
hiilikaudeksenne
abessive
hiilikaudettanne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
hiilikautensa
accusative
nom.
hiilikautensa
gen.
hiilikautensa
genitive
hiilikautensa
partitive
hiilikauttaan hiilikauttansa
inessive
hiilikaudessaan hiilikaudessansa
elative
hiilikaudestaan hiilikaudestansa
illative
hiilikauteensa
adessive
hiilikaudellaan hiilikaudellansa
ablative
hiilikaudeltaan hiilikaudeltansa
allative
hiilikaudelleen hiilikaudellensa
essive
hiilikautenaan hiilikautenansa
translative
hiilikaudekseen hiilikaudeksensa
abessive
hiilikaudettaan hiilikaudettansa
instructive
comitative

#### Synonyms

* kivihiilikausi

#### Derived terms

* hiilikautinen

### Further reading

* “hiilikausi”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
# exculpar
## Catalan
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin exsculpāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əks.kulˈpa]
* IPA: (Valencia) [eks.kulˈpaɾ]
* Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

### Verb

exculpar (first-person singular present exculpo, first-person singular preterite exculpí, past participle exculpat)
* (transitive) to exonerate
* (transitive, law) to acquit

#### Synonyms

* disculpar

#### Derived terms

* exculpació
* exculpatori

### Further reading

* “exculpar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025

## Latin
### Verb

exculpar
* first-person singular future passive indicative of exculpō

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eɡskulˈpaɾ/ [eɣ̞s.kulˈpaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: ex‧cul‧par

### Verb

exculpar (first-person singular present exculpo, first-person singular preterite exculpé, past participle exculpado)
* (transitive) to exonerate
    Antonym: culpar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* exculpación
* exculpatorio

### Further reading

* “exculpar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# African Romance
## English
### Proper noun

African Romance
* (historical) An extinct Romance language spoken in the various provinces of Roman Africa by the African Romans under the later Roman Empire and its various post-Roman successor states in the region.
    Synonym: African Latin
# Poblacht na hUngáire
## Irish
### Proper noun

Poblacht na hUngáire f (genitive Phoblacht na hUngáire)
* the Republic of Hungary
    Synonym: An Ungáir

#### Related terms

* Búdaipeist f (“Budapest”)
* Ungáiris f (“the Hungarian language”)
* Ungárach (“Hungarian”, adjective)
* Ungárach m (“a Hungarian person”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# sewastopolski
## Polish
### Etymology

From Sewastopol +‎ -ski.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛ.vas.tɔˈpɔl.ski/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔlski
* Syllabification: se‧was‧to‧pol‧ski

### Adjective

sewastopolski (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational) Sevastopol, of or pertaining to Sevastopol
    Zatoka Sewastopolska ― Sevastopol Bay

#### Derived terms

* posewastopolski

### Further reading

* sewastopolski in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# စေ
## Burmese
### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Not given etymology by STEDT (ce "send on business, employ"). Luce adduces Old Chinese 使 (OC *srɯʔ, *srɯs, “to order, send someone, use”) as a cognate, which appears semantically and phonetically reasonable.”

### Verb

စေ • (ce)
* to ask, order, command (someone) to do (something)
* to send someone on an errand

### Postposition

စေ • (ce)
* postpositional marker indicating a command or sanction

### Particle

စေ • (ce)
* particle suffixed to a verb denoting effectuation

### Derived terms

* ကျေးစေတိုင် (kye:cetuing)
* ခိုင်းစေ (hkuing:ce)
* စေကာမူ (cekamu)
* စေခိုင်း (cehkuing:)
* စေစား (ceca:)
* စေပါး (cepa:)
* စေရန် (ceran)
* စေလွှတ် (cehlwat)
* နေပါစေ (nepace)
* ပျောက်စေဆရာ (pyaukcehca.ra)
* ပါစေ (pace)
* ပါရစေ (para.ce)
* ရကောင်းစေ (ra.kaung:ce)
* ရှိပါစေ (hri.pace)
* လက်ပါးစေ (lakpa:ce)
* လွဲစေဖယ်စေ (lwai:cehpaice)
* သို့ဖြစ်စေကာမူ (sui.hpraccekamu)
* အေးစေ (e:ce)

### References

* ↑ Luce, G. H. (1981) “-I and -E Finals (33. to Cause, Send, Employ, May...!)”, in A Comparative Word-List of Old Burmese, Chinese and Tibetan, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, →ISBN, page 11

### Further reading

* “စေ” in Myanmar–English Dictionary (Myanmar Language Commission 1993). Searchable online at SEAlang.net.
# kobieton
## Polish
### Etymology

From kobieta +‎ -on.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔˈbjɛ.tɔn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛtɔn
* Syllabification: ko‧bie‧ton

### Noun

kobieton m inan
* (colloquial, derogatory) butch, tomboy (woman whose physical appearance and behavior resemble a man's)
    Synonyms: baba-chłop, babochłop, chłopczyca, chłopobaba, dragon, harpia, herod-baba, hetera, megiera

#### Related terms

* kobiecki
* kobiecy
* kobieco
* kobieciarstwo
* kobieciarz
* kobieciątko
* kobiecina
* kobiecinka
* kobiecisko
* kobiecość
* kobieta
* kobietka

### Further reading

* kobieton in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kobieton in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# sätkytellä
## Finnish
### Etymology

sätkyttää +‎ -ellä

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsætkytelːæˣ/, [ˈs̠æt̪k̟yˌt̪e̞lːæ(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -elːæ
* Hyphenation: sät‧ky‧tel‧lä

### Verb

sätkytellä
* (intransitive) to fidget, to wriggle

#### Derived terms

* sätkyttelijä
* sätkyttely

### Further reading

* “sätkytellä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# construal
## English
### Etymology

From construe +‎ -al.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kənˈstɹuːəl/

### Noun

construal (countable and uncountable, plural construals)
* The act of construing: interpreting, portraying, or both.
    Hyponym: reconstrual
    Near-synonyms: interpretation, portrayal

#### Derived terms

* reconstrual

#### Related terms

* construable
* nonconstruable

#### Translations
### References

* Oxford Dictionary & Thesaurus 1995
* dict.cc

### Anagrams

* calutrons
# καθαρόν
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.tʰa.rón/ → /ka.θaˈron/ → /ka.θaˈron/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ka.tʰa.rón/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ka.tʰaˈron/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ka.θaˈron/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ka.θaˈron/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ka.θaˈron/

### Adjective

κᾰθᾰρόν • (kăthărón)
* inflection of κᾰθᾰρός (kăthărós):
** neuter nominative/accusative/vocative singular
** masculine accusative singular
# патолог
## Kazakh

Alternative scripts :
| Arabic | پاتولوگ |
| Cyrillic | патолог |
| Latin | patolog |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian пато́лог (patólog), from Ancient Greek πάθος (páthos, “disease”) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, oration, study”).

### Noun

патолог • (patolog)
* pathologist

#### Declension
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [patɔˈɫɔk]

### Noun

патолог • (patolog) m (relational adjective патолошки)
* pathologist

#### Declension
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɐˈtoɫək]

### Noun

пато́лог • (patólog) m anim (genitive пато́лога, nominative plural пато́логи, genitive plural пато́логов)
* pathologist

#### Related terms

* патологи́ческий (patologíčeskij)
* патоло́гия (patológija)

#### Descendants

* → Kazakh: патолог (patolog)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /patǒloɡ/
* Hyphenation: па‧то‧лог

### Noun

пато̀лог m (Latin spelling patòlog)
* pathologist
# wandalizm
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French vandalisme. By surface analysis, wandal +‎ -izm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vanˈda.lizm/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -alizm
* Syllabification: wan‧da‧lizm

### Noun

wandalizm m inan
* vandalism

#### Related terms

* wandalski
* wandal

### Further reading

* wandalizm in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* wandalizm in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# obohatit
## Czech
### Etymology

From bohatý.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈoboɦacɪt]

### Verb

obohatit pf (imperfective obohacovat)
* to enrich
    Antonym: ochudit

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | obohatit, obohatiti | Active adjective | obohativší |
| Verbal noun | obohacení | Passive adjective | obohacený |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | obohatím | obohatíme | — | obohaťme |
| 2nd person | obohatíš | obohatíte | obohať | obohaťte |
| 3rd person | obohatí | obohatí | — | — |
* The verb obohatit does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | obohatil | obohatili | obohacen | obohaceni |
| masculine inanimate | obohatil | obohatily | obohacen | obohaceny |
| feminine | obohatila | obohatily | obohacena | obohaceny |
| neuter | obohatilo | obohatila | obohaceno | obohacena |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | — | obohativ |
| feminine + neuter singular | — | obohativši |
| plural | — | obohativše |

#### Derived terms

* obohacení
* obohacený
# cardencha
## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *cardincula, from Latin carduus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaɾˈdent͡ʃa/ [kaɾˈð̞ẽnʲ.t͡ʃa]
* Rhymes: -entʃa
* Syllabification: car‧den‧cha

### Noun

cardencha f (plural cardenchas)
* any of a number of plants. See Spanish Wikipedia

#### Related terms

* cardo

### Further reading

* “cardencha”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# térreo
## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin terreus (“earthy”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɛ.ʁi.u/ [ˈtɛ.hɪ.u], (faster pronunciation) /ˈtɛ.ʁju/ [ˈtɛ.hju], /ˈtɛ.ʁe.u/ [ˈtɛ.he.u]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɛ.ʁi.u/ [ˈtɛ.hɪ.u], (faster pronunciation) /ˈtɛ.ʁju/ [ˈtɛ.hju], /ˈtɛ.ʁe.u/ [ˈtɛ.he.u]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈtɛ.ʁi.u/ [ˈtɛ.χɪ.u], (faster pronunciation) /ˈtɛ.ʁju/ [ˈtɛ.χju], /ˈtɛ.ʁe.u/ [ˈtɛ.χe.u]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɛ.ʁe.o/ [ˈtɛ.he.o]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈtɛ.ʁju/

### Adjective

térreo (feminine térrea, masculine plural térreos, feminine plural térreas)
* terrestrial (relating to the Earth)
    Synonym: terrestre
* ground-level

#### Related terms

* terra
* terráqueo
* terrestre
* terreno

### Noun

térreo m (plural térreos)
* ground floor (floor of a building closest to ground level)
    Synonyms: andar térreo, rés do chão

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin terreus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtereo/ [ˈt̪e.re.o]
* Rhymes: -ereo
* Syllabification: té‧rre‧o

### Adjective

térreo (feminine térrea, masculine plural térreos, feminine plural térreas)
* of earth; earthly
* soillike

#### Related terms

* tierra

### Further reading

* “térreo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# eminence
## English
### Etymology

From Old French eminence, from Latin ēminēntia (“prominence”, “protuberance”; “eminence”, “excellence”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛmɪnəns/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

eminence (countable and uncountable, plural eminences)
* Someone of high rank, reputation or social status.
* The quality or state of being eminent.
* Prominence in a particular order or accumulation; esteem.
* (geology) An elevated land area or a hill.
** 1817, Walter Scott, Rob Roy:From the summit of an eminence I had already had a distant view of Osbaldistone Hall, a large and antiquated edifice, peeping out from a Druidical grove of huge oaks [...].
** 1952, Norman Lewis, Golden Earth:We stopped for a moment at the golf course to chat with members of the Consular staff, and then drove on to the Consulate, which was set upon an eminence, above evidences of landscape-gardening; a sweep of lawns, with coarse, whitened grass; flower-beds in which larkspur and nasturtiums fought against desperate odds.
* (anatomy) A protuberance.
* (uncountable) A dark purple color.
** For quotations using this term, see Citations:eminence.
    eminence:

#### Synonyms

* distinction
* prominence
* renown
* celebrity

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “someone of high rank, reputation or social status”): obscurity
* (antonym(s) of “the quality or state of being eminent”): mediocrity

#### Derived terms

* eminectomy
* eminence grise
* Eminence (your Eminence), title of honor for a Roman Catholic cardinal
* frontal eminence
* gray eminence
* grey eminence
* hypothenar eminence
* ileocecal eminence
* median eminence
* preeminence

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Wikipedia article on Roman Catholic Church
* Shades of purple (Eminence) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# καθαράς
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.tʰa.rǎːs/ → /ka.θaˈras/ → /ka.θaˈras/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ka.tʰa.rǎːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ka.tʰaˈras/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ka.θaˈras/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ka.θaˈras/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ka.θaˈras/

### Adjective

κᾰθᾰρᾱ́ς • (kăthărā́s)
* feminine accusative plural of κᾰθᾰρός (kăthărós)
# տերև
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian տերև (terew).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /teˈɾev/, [teɾév]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /deˈɾev/, [deɾév]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)
* Hyphenation: տե‧րև

### Noun

տերև • (terew)
* leaf (of a plant)
    ծառի տերև ― caṙi terew ― tree leaf

#### Derived terms

* բոխատերև (boxaterew)
* լայնատերև (laynaterew)
* փշատերև (pʻšaterew)

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From Classical Syriac ܛܪܦܐ (ṭarpā, “leaf”) (absolute form ܛܪܦ (ṭəref)).

### Noun

տերև • (terew)
* leaf (of a plant)
    Synonym: սաղարթ (sałartʻ)
    տերև ծաղկանց ― terew całkancʻ ― corolla, petal
    տատանիլ որպէս զտերև ― tatanil orpēs zterew ― to quiver like an aspen leaf
    և տերև չանկանի թէ Աստուած չկամի ― ew terew čʻankani tʻē Astuac čʻkami ― no leaf falls but God's will drops it

#### Derived terms

* անտերև (anterew)
* արտերևիմ (arterewim)
* արտերևութանամ (arterewutʻanam)
* բոցատերև (bocʻaterew)
* դեղնատերև (dełnaterew)
* զուարթատերև (zuartʻaterew)
* լայնտերևի (laynterewi)
* հազարտերևուկ (hazarterewuk)
* հերձատերև (herjaterew)
* հինգտերևեան (hingterewean)
* մշտատերև (mštaterew)
* մշտերև (mšterew)
* յայտերևակ (yayterewak)
* յայտերևակի (yayterewaki)
* յայտերևեցուցիչ (yayterewecʻucʻičʻ)
* նշատերև (nšaterew)
* ոսկետերև (osketerew)
* վայելչատերև (vayelčʻaterew)
* տերևաբեր (terewaber)
* տերևաբուղխ (terewabułx)
* տերևազարդ (terewazard)
* տերևազգեաց (terewazgeacʻ)
* տերևազգեստ (terewazgest)
* տերևաթափ (terewatʻapʻ)
* տերևալի (terewali)
* տերևալից (terewalicʻ)
* տերևախիտ (terewaxit)
* տերևակոյտք (terewakoytkʻ)
* տերևամած (terewamac)
* տերևաշատ (terewašat)
* տերևաշարժ (terewašarž)
* տերևապատ (terewapat)
* տերևասաղարթ (terewasałartʻ)
* տերևատ (terewat)
* տերևընկէց (terewənkēcʻ)
* տերևիմ (terewim)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: տերև (terew)

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “տերև”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “տերև”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “տերև”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# inhottaa
## Finnish
### Etymology

inho +‎ -ttaa

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈinhotːɑːˣ/, [ˈinho̞t̪ːɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -inhotːɑː
* Hyphenation: in‧hot‧taa

### Verb

inhottaa
* (transitive, usually atelic) to disgust [with first infinitive ‘to do’] (to cause an intense dislike for something)
    Minua inhottaa kuunnella sinusta kerrottuja valheita!I'm disgusted to hear these lies made up about you!

#### Derived terms

* inhottava
* inhotus

### Further reading

* “inhottaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From inho (“disgust”) +‎ -ttaa. Akin to Finnish inhottaa.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈinotːɑː/, [ˈino̞tːɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈinhotːɑː/, [ˈinho̞tːɑː]
* Rhymes: -inotːɑː, -inhotːɑː
* Hyphenation: in‧hot‧taa

### Verb

inhottaa
* (transitive, usually atelic) to disgust

#### Derived terms

* inhotella
* inhotos

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 93
# alarmar
## Catalan
### Etymology

From alarma (“alarm, warning”) +‎ -ar.

### Verb

alarmar (first-person singular present alarmo, first-person singular preterite alarmí, past participle alarmat)
* to alarm

#### Conjugation
## Ido
### Verb

alarmar (present tense alarmas, past tense alarmis, future tense alarmos, imperative alarmez, conditional alarmus)
* (transitive) to alert, to alarm (give the signal of danger)

#### Conjugation
## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

alarmar m
* indefinite plural of alarm

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From alarme +‎ -ar or from French alarmer.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /a.laʁˈma(ʁ)/ [a.laɦˈma(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /a.laʁˈma(ʁ)/ [a.laɦˈma(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /a.laɾˈma(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /a.laʁˈma(ʁ)/ [a.laʁˈma(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /a.laɻˈma(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.lɐɾˈmaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.lɐɾˈmaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.lɐɾˈma.ɾi/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -aʁ, (Portugal) -aɾ
* Hyphenation: a‧lar‧mar

### Verb

alarmar (first-person singular present alarmo, first-person singular preterite alarmei, past participle alarmado)
* (transitive) to alarm
* (transitive) to agitate; frighten; startle
* (transitive) to disquiet, unsettle
* (reflexive) to be agitated; to be frightened; to be startled

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.
$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Synonyms

* agitar
* alvoroçar
* aterrorizar
* desassossegar
* despertar
* espantar
* inquietar
* perturbar
* sobressaltar

#### Antonyms

* acalmar
* sossegar
* tranquilizar

#### Derived terms

* alarmado

#### Related terms

* alamar
* alarar
* alargar
* alarma

## Spanish
### Etymology

From alarma +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /alaɾˈmaɾ/ [a.laɾˈmaɾ]
* Audio (Venezuela):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: a‧lar‧mar

### Verb

alarmar (first-person singular present alarmo, first-person singular preterite alarmé, past participle alarmado)
* (transitive) to alarm, to alert
* (transitive) to frighten
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:asustar
* (intransitive) to raise the alarm
** 1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 224:Una viejecita alarmaba a los moradores del conventillo en que vivía, diciéndoles: alarmaba a los moradores del conventillo en que vivía, diciéndoles: «¡Salgan, salgan, que el gallo ha cantado y el temblor va a venir!»(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* alarmado
* alarmante

### Further reading

* “alarmar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# owiać
## Polish
### Etymology

From o- +‎ wiać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɔ.vjat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvjat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: o‧wiać

### Verb

owiać pf (imperfective owiewać)
* (transitive) to blow around, to surround by blowing or having been blown
* (transitive) to cover lightly having been blown [with instrumental ‘with snow, sand, etc.’]
* (transitive, figurative) to enshroud, to surround [with instrumental ‘with mystery, secrecy, etc.’]

#### Related terms

* owiewka

### Further reading

* owiać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* owiać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# environmentalista
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛnvɪronmɛntalɪsta]

### Noun

environmentalista m anim
* environmentalist

#### Related terms

* environmentalismus
* environmentalistický
# katalyzátor
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkatalɪzaːtor]

### Noun

katalyzátor m inan
* catalyst

#### Related terms

* katalytický
* katalýza