# trí
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʲɾʲiː/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish trí, from Proto-Celtic *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

#### Numeral

trí
* three

##### Usage notes

* May be used with nouns in both the singular and plural; the singular is more common in general, but the plural must be used with units of measurement and the like. Triggers lenition of nouns in the singular and h-prothesis of nouns in the plural:
   * trí chat ― three cats
   * trí troithe ― three feet
   * trí héin ― three birds
* When used with the definite article, the definite article is always in the plural. When used with adjectives, the adjective is also in the plural and is always lenited after nouns in the singular; after nouns in the plural, the adjective only lenites after slender consonants:
   * trí chapall bhána ― three white horses
   * na trí eaglais mhóra ― the three big churches
    But:
   * trí capaill bhána ― three white horses
   * na trí heaglaisí móra ― the three big churches
* When referring to human beings, the personal form triúr is used.

##### Alternative forms

* trí- (combining)

##### Derived terms

* trí déag
* tríú (ordinal)
* triúr (used with personal nouns)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Irish tri, tre, from Old Irish tri, tre, from Proto-Celtic *trei (compare Welsh trwy), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to pass through”).

#### Preposition

trí (plus dative, triggers lenition, before the definite article in singular tríd)
* through

##### Alternative forms

* tré
* tré- (combining)
* fríd (Ulster)
* thrí (Galway)

##### Derived terms

| Basic form | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Copular forms | Copular forms | Copular forms |
| Basic form | an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) |
| de (“from”) | den | de na desna* | de mo dem* | de do ded*, det* | dá | dár | dár | dar | darb | darbh |
| do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* | do mo dom* | do do dod*, dot* | dá | dár | dár | dar | darb | darbh |
| faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh |
| i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* | i do id*, it* | ina | inár | inar | inar | inarb | inarbh |
| le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* | le do led*, let* | lena | lenár | lenar | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh |
| ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* | ó mo óm* | ó do ód*, ót* | óna | ónár | ónar | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh |
| trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh |
| *Dialectal. |||||||||||

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 86, page 47
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 262, page 93

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “trí”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse þrír, from Proto-Norse ᚦᚱᛁᛃᛟᛉ (þrijoʀ) (feminine plural), from Proto-Germanic *þrīz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Compare Danish and Swedish tre, Icelandic þrír, Faroese tríggir, English three.

### Pronunciation

* (Setesdal dialect) IPA: [tʰræɪ̯]

### Numeral

trí m (feminine trjå, neuter trjú)
* (dialectal, Setesdal dialect) three
    ‘Er æ trí gúta, trjå jentu, å trjú bórd.There are three lads, three girls, and three tables.

### See also

* tri (Nynorsk)

### References

* “trí” at Vallemål.no

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* tri

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tʲrʲi(ː)]

#### Numeral

trí (feminine teoir)
* three

##### Usage notes

When attributively (before a noun) it is generally written tri and was probably also pronounced short:
    tri anman (/tʲrʲi h-/) ― three names
When used substantively it was always written and pronounced long trí:
    i n-aeclis no thríi (/tʲrʲiː/) ― in a church or in three

##### Inflection

Irregular numeral :
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | trí$^H$ | teoir, téora$^H$ | trí$^L$ |
| Vocative | trí$^H$ | teoir, téora$^H$ | trí$^L$ |
| Accusative | trí$^H$ | téora$^H$ | trí$^L$ |
| Genitive | trí$^N$ | téora$^N$ | trí$^N$ |
| Dative | trib | téoraib | trib |
| Notes | Initial mutations of a following noun: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization | Initial mutations of a following noun: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization | Initial mutations of a following noun: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization |
In archaic texts the form tre also occurs for nom./acc. neuter as well as gen. masculine.

##### Derived terms

* tréde (“three things”)
* tretheng (“trio”)
* tree (“third”)
* trían (“third part”)
* tríar (“trio”)
* trícho (“thirty”)

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: trí
** Irish: trí
** Manx: tree
** Scottish Gaelic: trì

### Etymology 2
#### Preposition

trí
* Alternative spelling of tri

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Vendryes, Joseph (1959–96) “trí”, in Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume T U, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page T-139f.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “trí”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [t͡ɕi˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʈɪj˨˩˦]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʈɪj˦˥]

### Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 智.

#### Noun

trí
* wisdom; knowledge; intelligence
* (figurative) mind

#### Adjective

trí
* wise; intelligent; astute

#### Derived terms

* cơ trí (機智, “quick-witted”)
* đãng trí (盪智, “forgetful”)
* đấu trí (鬥智, “to match wits”)
* giải trí (解智, “to relax”)
* lí trí, lý trí (理智, “rationality”)
* loạn trí (亂智, “deranged”)
* mất trí (𠅒智, “to go crazy; dementia”)
* mưu trí (謀智, “resourcefulness”)
* nhanh trí (𨘱智, “quick-witted”)
* quẫn trí (窘智, “distraught”)
* sở hữu trí tuệ (所有智慧, “of intellectual property”)
* tài trí (才智, “talent and intellect”)
* tâm trí (心智, “mind”)
* thần trí (神智, “mind”)
* tĩnh trí (靜智, “to compose oneself”)
* trí dục (智育, “intellectual education”)
* trí giả (智者, “an intellectual”)
* trí khôn (“intelligence”)
* trí lự (智慮, “contemplation”)
* trí lực (智力, “mindpower”)
* trí não (智腦, “intellect”)
* trí năng (智能, “intelligence”)
* trí nhớ (智𫺈, “memory”)
* trí óc (智𩠭, “brains”)
* trí sĩ (智士, “an intellectual”)
* trí thức (智識, “intelligentsia”)
* trí trá (智詐, “cunning”)
* trí tuệ (智慧, “wisdom”)
* trí tuệ nhân tạo (智慧人造, “artificial intelligence”)
* trí tưởng (智想, “imagination”)
* trí tưởng tượng (智想像, “imagination”)
* trí xảo (智巧, “ingenuity; cunning”)
* yên trí (安智, “to rest assured”)

### Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamese reading of various Chinese characters.

#### Romanization

trí
* Sino-Vietnamese reading of 智
* Sino-Vietnamese reading of 置
* Sino-Vietnamese reading of 致

##### Derived terms

* an trí (安置, “to lay to rest; banish”)
* bài trí (排置, “to place in order”)
* bố trí (佈置, “to arrange”)
* cảnh trí (景致, “scenery”)
* hưu trí (休致, “to retire”)
* nhất trí (一致, “unanimous”)
* thiết trí (設置, “to set up”)
* trang trí (裝置, “to decorate”)
* trí mạng (致命, “fatal”)
* vị trí (位置, “location”)
* xử trí (處置, “to handle”)

### Anagrams

* rít