# tumba
## Cebuano
### Etymology

From Spanish tumbar. Cognate with Tagalog tumba.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: tum‧ba

### Verb

tumba
* to fall down
* to fall over; to topple over
* to tumble
* to bump off; to kill, especially to murder

### Noun

tumba
* any of two cyprinid fish endemic to Lake Lanao in the Philippines
** Barbodes tumba (tumba)`
** Barbodes flavifuscus (katapa-tapa)

## Irish
### Noun

tumba m (genitive singular tumba, nominative plural tumbaí)
* Alternative form of tuama (“tomb; tombstone”)

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
tumba
tumbaí
vocative
a thumba
a thumbaí
genitive
tumba
tumbaí
dative
tumba
tumbaí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an tumba
na tumbaí
genitive
an tumba
na dtumbaí
dative
leis an tumba don tumba
leis na tumbaí :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “tumba”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek τύμβος (túmbos), probably from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈtum.ba/, [ˈt̪ʊmbä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈtum.ba/, [ˈt̪umbä]

### Noun

tumba f (genitive tumbae); first declension
* (Late Latin) tomb

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Synonyms

* sepulcrum

#### Descendants

* Eastern Romance
** Aromanian: tumbã
* Italo-Dalmatian
** Italian: tomba
* Old French: tumbe, tombe, toumbe
** Middle French: tumbe
*** French: tombe
** Norman: tombe
** Walloon: tombe
** → Middle English: tombe
*** English: tomb
**** → Irish: tuama
**** → Maori: toma
*** Middle Scots: tumb, towm
** → Middle Dutch:
*** Dutch: tombe
*** Limburgish: tómb
* Old Occitan:
** Catalan: tomba
** Occitan: tomba
* → Greek: τούμπα (toúmpa)
* → Portuguese: tumba (perhaps inherited)
* → Spanish: tumba

### References

* “tumba”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* tumba in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Middle English
### Noun

tumba (plural tumbas)
* Alternative form of tombe (“tomb”)

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Late Latin tumba (possibly borrowed), from Ancient Greek τύμβος (túmbos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtũ.bɐ/
* Rhymes: -ũbɐ
* Hyphenation: tum‧ba

### Noun

tumba f (plural tumbas)
* tomb (small building or vault for the remains of the dead)
    Synonym: túmulo

#### Derived terms

* tumbeiro

### Further reading

* “tumba”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025

## Sango
### Noun

tumba
* war

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtumba/ [ˈt̪ũm.ba]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -umba
* Syllabification: tum‧ba

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin tumba, from Ancient Greek τύμβος (túmbos).

#### Noun

tumba f (plural tumbas)
* grave, tomb
    Synonym: sepultura

##### Derived terms

* a tumba abierta
* paño de tumba
* ser una tumba

##### Related terms

* tumbar
* tumbona

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

tumba
* inflection of tumbar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “tumba”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

### Further reading

* “tumba”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish tumbar. Compare Cebuano tumba.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /tumˈba/ [t̪ʊmˈba]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: tum‧ba

#### Adjective

tumbá (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ)
* fallen down (from an upright position)
    Synonyms: tumbado, buwal, nabuwal, bulid, timbuwang, bulagta, handusay, lupasay, lugpo
* bankrupt (of a business)
    Synonyms: bangkarote, bagsak, tumbado

##### Derived terms

* itumba
* magpatumba
* magtumba
* matumba
* nakatumba
* patumbahin
* tumba lata
* tumba-tumba
* tumbang preso

##### Related terms

* tumbado

#### Noun

tumbá (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ)
* falling down from an upright position
    Synonyms: buwal, pagbuwal, pagkabuwal
* condition of having fallen down (from an upright position)
* (boxing) condition of being knocked out
    Synonyms: bagsak, pagbagsak
* bankruptcy (of a business)
    Synonyms: bagsak, pagbagsak

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish tumba.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈtumba/ [ˈt̪um.bɐ]
* Rhymes: -umba
* Syllabification: tum‧ba

#### Noun

tumba (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ)
* tomb
    Synonyms: puntod, nitso, sepulkro, katapalka, mawsoleo

## Yoruba
### Alternative forms

* túńbá
* túúbá

### Etymology

From Arabic تَوْبَة (tawba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tú.ŋ́.bá/

### Verb

túḿbá
* (intransitive) to surrender
    Synonym: fi lélẹ̀
    Synonym: juwọ́ sílẹ̀
    Ebi ló mú ọ̀tá túḿbá. ― It was hunger that made the enemy surrender.
* (intransitive) to apologize, to show remorse, to repent
    Synonyms: tọrọ àforíjì, bẹ̀, ronúpìwàdà

#### Derived terms

* ìtúúbá (“surrender, apology”)