# teren
## Basque
### Noun

teren
* genitive indefinite of te

## Crimean Tatar
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: te‧ren

### Adjective

teren
* deep, profound
* dark (with compound words)

#### Related terms

* teren olmağan
* terence
* terenleştirmek
* terenleştirüv
* terenlik
* terenlikke

### References

* “teren”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈteːrə(n)/
* Rhymes: -eːrən

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch tēren (“to destroy, to use (up)”), from Old Dutch *terien, from Proto-Germanic *tarjaną, related to *teraną (“to tear, rip apart”). Cognate with German zehren. Also related with English tear (“to rip”).

#### Verb

teren
* (intransitive) to eat or drink what is necessary to survive
* (intransitive) to live, survive by consumption
* (intransitive, archaic) to rot, to decompose, to waste away
* (intransitive, archaic) to be digested

##### Derived terms

* beteren
* opteren
* tering
* verteren

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch teren, terren. Equivalent to teer +‎ -en.

#### Verb

teren
* (transitive) to tar

##### Derived terms

* beteren

### Anagrams

* rente

## Esperanto
### Etymology

tere (“on the ground”) +‎ -n

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈteren]
* Rhymes: -eren
* Hyphenation: te‧ren

### Adverb

teren
* to the ground, onto the ground
** 1907, Kabe, chapter 21, in La Faraono, part 1, Hachette, translation of Faraon by Bolesław Prus:La popolo, en festaj vestoj, kun branĉetoj en la manoj, formis spaliron kaj kriis, kantis aŭ falis teren antaŭ la kronprinco.The people, in festive clothes and with twigs in their hands, formed a row and shouted, sang, or fell to the ground in front of the crown prince.

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin terrēnum. Cf. Italian terreno.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

teren m (plural terens)
* terrain, ground, land, country

#### Related terms

* tiere
* terest

## Galician
### Verb

teren
* third-person plural personal infinitive of ter

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch *terien, from Proto-Germanic *tarjaną, related to *teraną (“to tear, rip apart”).

### Verb

tēren
* to consume, to use up
* to eat
* to digest

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Descendants

* Dutch: teren
** Afrikaans: teer
* Limburgish: taere

### Further reading

* “teren”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “teren (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English teran, from Proto-West Germanic *teran, from Proto-Germanic *teraną.

#### Alternative forms

* teer, teere, tere, tern, teryn, teer

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɛːrən/, /ˈtɛːrn/

#### Verb

teren (third-person singular simple present tereth, present participle terynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative tar, past participle torn)
* To tear; to split apart or off (often by ripping):
** To tear off a body part (often by hand).
** To pull out hair (or another body part).
* To ruin; to devastate:
** To damage or destroy garments or hair.
** To demolish a building; to raze or level.
** (usually in the past participle) To make tattered or worn; to overuse.
* To puncture or impale; to make a hole.
* To lash; to strike skin with a whip.
* (rare) To forcibly move or remove.

##### Usage notes

Weak forms occasionally appear in this verb, possibly from a Class 1 weak Old English *teran (distinct from attested strong teran).

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) teren, tere, tern | (to) teren, tere, tern |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | tere | tar, tor |
| 2nd-person singular | terest | tere, tore, tar, tor |
| 3rd-person singular | tereth | tar, tor |
| subjunctive singular | tere | tere$^1$, tore$^1$ |
| imperative singular | tere | — |
| plural$^2$ | teren, tere, tern | teren, tere, toren, tore |
| imperative plural | tereth, tere | — |
| participles | terynge, terende | toren, tore, torn, ytoren, ytore |
$^1$Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English. $^2$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

##### Descendants

* English: tear
* Scots: tere, teir, tair

##### References

* “tēren, v.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2

From teer (“tear”) +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

#### Alternative forms

* tere

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɛːrən/

#### Verb

teren (third-person singular simple present tereth, present participle terende, terynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle tered) (rare)
* To cry; to produce tears.

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) teren, tere | (to) teren, tere |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | tere | tered |
| 2nd-person singular | terest | teredest |
| 3rd-person singular | tereth | tered |
| subjunctive singular | tere | tered |
| imperative singular | tere | — |
| plural$^1$ | teren, tere | tereden, terede |
| imperative plural | tereth, tere | — |
| participles | terynge, terende | tered, ytered |
$^1$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

##### Descendants

* English: tear
* Scots: tear

##### References

* “tēren, v.(3).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-12-25.

### Etymology 3

From tere (“tear”) +‎ -en (“plural suffix”).

#### Noun

teren (rare)
* plural of teer (“tear”)

## Nauruan
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

teren
* neck, throat

## Polish
### Etymology

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from French terrain or English terrain, ultimately from Latin terrēnum. First attested in the 19th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɛ.rɛn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛrɛn
* Syllabification: te‧ren

### Noun

teren m inan (related adjective terenowy)
* (countable) terrain, land, turf (area of land surface together with a specific shape, vegetation and natural resources, constituting a certain whole) [with do (+ genitive) or pod (+ accusative) ‘for what’]
    Synonyms: kraina, krajobraz, kraj, okolica, strony
* (countable) grounds, site (an area with defined boundaries, organized into a single whole)
* (countable) field, site (place of action)
    Synonym: pole
* (uncountable, colloquial) division, branch, section, subdivision, department, subsection, sector, unit (area governed by local administration or local branches of some institution or organization, perceived as opposed to the headquarters)
    Antonym: centrala
* (countable, literary) field (area of someone's activities)
    Synonym: dziedzina
* (countable, colloquial) splash zone (area covered by the zone of someone's operation)
    Synonym: dziedzina

#### Derived terms

* akwen
* profil terenu
* tereny zielone

#### Related terms

* terenowo
* terenowość

### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), teren is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 40 times in scientific texts, 86 times in news, 71 times in essays, 20 times in fiction, and 9 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 226 times, making it the 243rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “teren”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
* ↑ J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “teren”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 48
* ↑ teren in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “teren”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 601

### Further reading

* teren in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* teren in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French terrain, from Vulgar Latin *terrānum, from Latin terrēnum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /teˈren/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -en
* Hyphenation: te‧ren

### Noun

teren n (plural terenuri)
* plot of land (as a commodity or otherwise)
    teren intravilan ― plot of land within city limits
    teren extravilan ― plot of land outside city limits
    teren agricol ― agricultural plot
    teren minat ― minefield
** 1942, Ion Agârbiceanu, “Valurile, vânturile… [The waves, the winds…]”, in Opere [Works], volume 6, Bucharest: Minerva, published 1971, page 372:Toate instalațiile ocupau, la marginea orașului, un teren vast, înconjurat cu zid înalt de beton.All the facilities were occupying a vast plot of land, surrounded by a tall concrete wall, at the edge of the city.
** 2016 February 15, Dinu Boboc, “Aproape jumătate din terenurile agricole din România, cumpărate de străini [Almost half of all agricultural plots in Romania, bought by foreigners]”, in Evenimentul zilei, number 7643, →ISSN, page 10:Într-un clasament al cumpărătorilor de teren agricol din România, pe primele locuri se află Italia, urmată de Germania și de țările arabe.In a ranking of agricultural land buyers in Romania, Italy is on the first place, followed by Germany and the Arab countries.
* (uncountable) terrain (land with particular features)
    teren accidentat ― rugged terrain
* (sports) field, pitch
* (figurative) field, domain (of knowledge, work, study)
    Synonyms: câmp, domeniu
* (geology) terrain (area defined by rock formations)

#### Derived terms

* alunecare de teren
* câștiga teren
* de teren
* face teren
* pe teren
* pierde teren
* tot-teren

#### Related terms

* subteran
* țară

### Further reading

* teren in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
* Iorgu Iordan, Alexandru Graur, Ion Coteanu, editors (1982), Dicționarul Limbii Române‎, volume 11, part 2, Bucharest: Academy of the Socialist Republic of Romania, pages 199–200

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French terrain.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /těreːn/
* Hyphenation: te‧ren

### Noun

tèrēn m (Cyrillic spelling тѐре̄н)
* terrain