# traer
## Asturian
### Verb

traer
* Alternative form of trayer

#### Conjugation

Impersonal forms :
| Infinitive | Infinitive | trayer/traer | trayer/traer | trayer/traer | trayer/traer | trayer/traer | trayer/traer |
| Gerund | Gerund | trayendo | trayendo | trayendo | trayendo | trayendo | trayendo |
| Past participle | Past participle | m trayíu/traíu, f trayida/traída, n trayío/traío, m pl trayíos/traíos, f pl trayíes/traíes | m trayíu/traíu, f trayida/traída, n trayío/traío, m pl trayíos/traíos, f pl trayíes/traíes | m trayíu/traíu, f trayida/traída, n trayío/traío, m pl trayíos/traíos, f pl trayíes/traíes | m trayíu/traíu, f trayida/traída, n trayío/traío, m pl trayíos/traíos, f pl trayíes/traíes | m trayíu/traíu, f trayida/traída, n trayío/traío, m pl trayíos/traíos, f pl trayíes/traíes | m trayíu/traíu, f trayida/traída, n trayío/traío, m pl trayíos/traíos, f pl trayíes/traíes |
| Personal forms ||||||||
| | | yo | tu | él~elli/-a/-o | nosotros/-es~nós | vosotros/-es~vós | ellos/-es |
| Indicative | Present | trayo traigo | trayes traes | traye trai | trayemos traemos | trayéis traéis | trayen traen |
| Indicative | Imperfect preterite | trayía traía | trayíes traíes | trayía traía | trayíamos trayíemos traíamos traíemos | trayíais trayíeis traíais traíeis | trayíen traíen |
| Indicative | Perfect preterite | traxí | traxisti traxesti | traxo | traximos traxemos | traxistis traxestis | traxeron |
| Indicative | Pluperfect preterite | traxera trayere | traxeras traxeres | traxera traxere | traxéramos traxéremos | traxerais traxereis | traxeran traxeren |
| | | yo | tu | él~elli/-a/-o | nosotros/-es~nós | vosotros/-es~vós | ellos/-es |
| Subjunctive | Present | traya traiga | trayas traigas | traya traiga | trayamos traigamos | trayáis traigáis | trayan traigan |
| Subjunctive | Imperfect preterite | traxera traxere | traxeras traxeres | traxera traxere | traxéramos traxéremos | traxerais traxereis | traxeran traxeren |
| | | yo | tu | él~elli/-a/-o | nosotros/-es~nós | vosotros/-es~vós | ellos/-es |
| Potential | Future | trayeré traeré | trayerás traerás | trayerá traerá | trayeremos traeremos | trayeréis traeréis | trayerán traerán |
| Potential | Conditional | trayería traería | trayeríes traeríes | trayería traería | trayeríamos trayeríemos traeríamos traeríemos | trayeríais trayeríeis traeríais traeríeis | trayeríen traeríen |
| | | - | tu | vusté | nosotros/-es~nós | vosotros/-es~vós | vustedes |
| Imperative | Imperative | | trai | | vamos trayer | trayéi traéi | |
* Reference http://www.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu/gramatica_llingua.pdf

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* traguer, traiguer
* trazer (reintegrationist)

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese traer (“to betray, deliver”), from Latin trahere (“to pull, drag”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tragʰ- (“to draw, drag”), which is perhaps a variation of *dʰregʰ- (“to pull, draw, drag”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɾaˈeɾ/ [t̪ɾaˈeɾ]
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Hyphenation: tra‧er

### Verb

traer (first-person singular present traio, first-person singular preterite trouxen, past participle traído)
* to bring
* to wear
** 1845, Vicente Turnes, Diálogo entre Silvestre Cajaraville e Domingo Magariños:Estóu debendo na tenda A chamarra que hoje trago E o somonte dos calzós Que ja estan feitos farrapos;I owe to the shop the coat I wear today and the cloth of the pants, which are already in tatters
* (rare) to bear
** 1812, Antonio Benito Fandiño, A Casamenteira:Ai tontiño, porque iñoras o qu’he mantér casa e vida, que por ben que estea sortida, hai faltas a todas horas. O segundo, que teu pai pensa com’home de ben, e así por vergonza ten unha nora que non trai. Orasme, sobr’esto hai, que a dous parizós que teña, non tendes donde vos veña, cando ela non colla un mal.Oh, silly, because you don't know what it is to keep house and life, no matter how well stocked it is, there's lack at all hours. Second, your father thinks like a good man, and to his shame he has a daughter-in-law who doesn't bear. However, on this matter, with just two childbirths that she has, you'll be left resourceless, and that if she doesn't get sick.

#### Conjugation
### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “traer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “traer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “traer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

### Further reading

* “traer”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin trādō, from trāns + dō.

#### Verb

traer
* (transitive) to betray (to deliver into the hands of an enemy)
** 1460, Rui Vasques, edited by J. A. Souto Cabo, Choronica de Iria:Et alguus seus ynjmjgos por zelo de envidia diserõ a el rrey que el que queria traer o rreyno de Galiza, et o queria tirar a el rrey et darllo aos Jngreses et normanos, seus ynimjgos.And some people, enemies of him, because of envy told the king that he wanted to deliver the Kingdom of Galicia, that he wanted to take it from the king and give it to the Englishmen and the Normans, his enemies.
* (transitive) to betray (to prove faithless or treacherous)

##### Related terms

* traiçon
* traydo

##### Descendants

* Portuguese: trair

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

traer
* Alternative form of trager

### References

* Manuel Ferreiro (2014–2025) “traer¹”, in Universo Cantigas. Edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa (in Galician), A Coruña: UDC, →ISSN
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “traer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “traer”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “traer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “traer”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG

## Old Spanish
### Etymology 1

From Latin trahō, trahere.

#### Alternative forms

* traher, trayer

#### Verb

traer
* (transitive) to bring
** 1270 – 1284, Alfonso X, Estoria de España 2:Desí el Rey assentosse en su siella & el çid dixo, "sennor, do mandades que me assiente con estos mios parientes & mios vassallos que aqui traxe comigo".And so the king sat on his chair, and the Cid said, "my lord, where do you order me to sit with my family and vassals, whom I brought here with me"?
* (transitive) to drag something on the ground
* (transitive) to throw something, hurl
* (transitive) to carry something, wear (pieces of clothes)
** 1140 – 1207, anonymous, Cid 470-471:Mio çid Ruy diaz por las puertas entraua / En mano t͠ae deſnuda el eſpadaMy Cid, Ruy Díaz, was going in through the doors, and in his hand he carries his sword unsheathed
** 1140 – 1207, anonymous, Cid 1587:Viſtios el ſobregonel luenga trahe la barbaHe put on his fine tunic, donning a long beard

##### Descendants

* Spanish: traer

### Etymology 2

From Latin trādō, trādere (“to hand something over; give up, abandon”), derived from dō, dare (“to give”).

#### Verb

traer
* (transitive, up to 13th century) to betray someone, be disloyal to
** 1251 – 1285, anonymous, Fuero de Úbeda :Esto por tal es dicho: que muchas vezes conteçio que ay algunos que quieren traer la villa, & ffizieron ençendymiento que, demientre los omnes fuesen al fuego amatar, ellos abrieron las puertas & rresçibieron los enemjgos.This is said for the following reason: it has happened many times that there were some who wanted to betray the village, and so they started a fire, and as everyone went to stop the fire, they opened the gates and received the enemy.

### References

* ↑ Corpus diacrónico del español (CORDE), accessed 2021-02-20, citing an edition by Kasten, Lloyd A.; Nitti, John J.; Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies: Madison, 1995.
* ↑ Corpus diacrónico del español (CORDE), accessed 2021-02-20, citing an edition by Cuadrado, Juan Gutiérrez; Universidad de Valencia: Valencia, 1979.
* (to bring): Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983) “traer”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume V (Ri–X), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 575
* (to betray): Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “dar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 426

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish traer, from Vulgar Latin *trāiēre, from Latin trahere (“to pull, drag”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tragʰ- (“to draw, drag”), which is perhaps a variant of *dʰregʰ- (“to pull, draw, drag”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɾaˈeɾ/ [t̪ɾaˈeɾ]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Syllabification: tra‧er

### Verb

traer (first-person singular present traigo, first-person singular preterite traje, past participle traído)
* to bring, to fetch
    Antonym: llevar
    ¿Qué te trae por aquí? ― What brings you here?
    Voy a traerle una cerveza ― I'm going to bring you a beer.
* to attract, draw, pull
* to bring about, cause, occasion
* to make (cause to be in or have a certain condition or state)
    Oye, me traes intranquilo. ― Listen, you make me restless.
* to wear (ellipsis of traer puesto)
    Synonym: (ellipsis of llevar puesto) llevar
* to bring forward, advance, adduce
* to make, compel, oblige
* to persuade
* to have, carry (in a publication, in stock)
* to include (have as a component, part, accessory or ingredient)
    Synonym: llevar

#### Usage notes

* Since, in the sense of "carry" or "move", traer and llevar indicate direction from or to a certain place, these verbs are antonyms in the origin and destination. Between certain places, however, they are used as synonyms.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* traer a colación
* traer a la memoria
* traer al fresco
* traer al pairo
* traer de cabeza
* traer puesto
* traído por los pelos

#### Related terms

* atraer
* detraer
* tracción
* tractor
* traedor
* traílla
* traje
* trajinar
* tratar
* trazar
* trecho

#### See also

* cargar
* acarrear

### Further reading

* “traer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10