# finis
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English finis, from Latin fīnis (“end; limit”). Doublet of fin, fine, and finish.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɪnɪs/, /fiːˈniː/
* Rhymes: -ɪnɪs, -iː

### Noun

finis
* Of a book or other work: the end.
** 1836, [Frederick Marryat], “In which our hero finds out that trigonometry is not only necessary to navigation, but may be required in settling affairs of honour”, in Mr. Midshipman Easy […], volume II, London: Saunders and Otley, […], →OCLC, page 32:He had gone through the work from the title-page to the finis at least forty times, and had just commenced it over again.
** 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos], pages 570–571:Highly providential was the appearance on the scene of Corny Kelleher when Stephen was blissfully unconscious that, but for that man in the gap turning up at the eleventh hour, the finis might have been that he might have been a candidate for the accident ward, […]

#### See also

* the end

## Catalan
### Verb

finis
* second-person singular present subjunctive of finar

## Esperanto
### Verb

finis
* past of fini

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fi.ni/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: fini, finie, finies, finit, finît
* Rhymes: -i

### Adjective

finis
* masculine plural of fini

### Verb

finis
* inflection of finir:
** first/second-person singular present indicative
** first/second-person singular past historic
** second-person singular imperative

### Participle

finis m pl
* masculine plural of fini

## Ido
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfinis/

### Verb

finis
* past of finar

## Indonesian
### Noun

finis (plural finis-finis)
* finish

## Latin
### Etymology

Disputed. Perhaps for Latin *fignis, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ- (“to stick, set up”), whence fīgō, or for Latin *fidnis, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”), whence findō. (Can this etymology be sourced?) Other hypotheses include:
* From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyH- (“to strike”); compare perfinēs (“(you would) break, shatter”).
* From the same source as Proto-Germanic *bainaz (“straight; ready”) and *bainą (“bone”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyH-n- (“something straight, pole”), which may or may not be from the same root “to strike” above.
For the meaning “region”, compare pāgus again from a root meaning “to fix”.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfiː.nis/, [ˈfiːnɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfi.nis/, [ˈfiːnis]

### Noun

fīnis m or f (genitive fīnis); third declension
* end
    Antonyms: initium, prīmōrdium, prīncipium, exōrdium, orīgō, limen
    in finem ― eternally
    ad finem ― to the end
    finem facio ― I cease
** 29-19 BC, Vergil. Aeneid, 1.199
    dabit Deus hīs quoque fīnemGod will give an end to these (things) also.
* limit, border, bound boundary, frontier
    Synonyms: līmes, modus, cacūmen
* (in the plural) boundaries, bounds; by extension, territory, region, lands
* limit in duration, term (duration of a set length)
** 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:huic generī mīlitum senātus eundem, quem Cannēnsibus, fīnem statuērat mīlitiae.For this class of soldier the senate had established a limit in duration to their military service, which was the same as the men at Cannae.
* end, purpose, aim, object, telos
    Synonyms: voluntās, intentiō, cōnsilium, propositum, animus, mēns
* death, end (of life)
    Synonyms: mors, fūnus, fātum, interitus, exitus, perniciēs, somnus, sopor
* amount (in late juridical writings)

#### Usage notes

According to Lewis & Short, finis does occasionally appear as a feminine noun in both the ante-classical and post-classical eras.

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem, ablative singular in -e or -ī).

#### Derived terms

* affīnis
* fīnālis
* fīniō
* fīnitimus
* quadrifīnium
* trifīnium

#### Descendants

* Asturian: fin
* Catalan: fi
* Corsican: fine
* Dalmatian: fain
* Esperanto: fino
* Franco-Provençal: fin
* French: fin
* Friulian: fin
* Galician: fin
* Istriot: feîn
* Italian: fine
* Ladin: fin
* Leonese: fin
* Occitan: fin
* Portuguese: fim
* Romanian: fine
* Romansch: fin, fegn
* Sardinian: fine, fini
* Sicilian: fini, finu
* Spanish: fin
* Venetan: fin
* Walloon: fén
* → Proto-Brythonic: *fin (see there for further descendants)
* → Middle Irish: fín (see there for further descendants)

### Verb

fīnīs
* second-person singular present active of fīniō

### References

* 1 2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fīnis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222
* ↑ Tucker, T.G., Etymological Dictionary of Latin, Ares Publishers, 1976 (reprint of 1931 edition)

### Further reading

* “finis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “finis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* finis in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
* finis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* finis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre to evacuate territory: (ex) finibus excedere to put an end to one's life: vitae finem facere such was the end of... (used of a violent death): talem vitae exitum (not finem) habuit (Nep. Eum. 13) to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem facere alicuius rei to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem imponere, afferre, constituere alicui rei to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: ad finem aliquid adducere to come to an end: finem habere to cease speaking: finem dicendi facere to impose fixed limitations: fines certos terminosque constituere to put an end to war: belli finem facere, bellum finire

## Pijin
### Etymology

From English finish.

### Particle

finis
* Tense marker for the past perfect tense