# nguyên
## Vietnamese
### Alternative forms

* (Southern Vietnam, obsolete) nguơn

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ŋwiən˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ŋwiəŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ŋwiəŋ˧˧]
* Audio (Hà Nội):(file)

### Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 元 (“first; former”), from Literary Chinese 元 (yuán). The monetary sense is from modern Mandarin 元 (yuán), which was artificially made into a simplified form of 圓 / 圆 (yuán, viên). Compare Sino-Japanese 元 (gen, “yuan”) and native Japanese 元 (moto-, “former”).

#### Noun

nguyên
* yuan

#### Prefix

nguyên
* (officialese) former
    nguyên Chủ tịch nước… ― former President…
    nguyên Tổng bí thư… ― former General Secretary…

#### Derived terms

* Công Nguyên (公元, “the Common Era”)
* đa nguyên (多元, “pluralistic”)
* giải nguyên (解元, “(historical) first place provincial imperial exam winner”)
* khôi nguyên (魁元, “(historical) first place imperial exam winner”)
* kỉ nguyên (紀元, “(literary) age; era”)
* nguyên âm (元音, “vowel”)
* nguyên đán (元旦, “(lunisolar) new year”)
* nguyên niên (元年, “(historical) first year of an imperial era”)
* nguyên soái (“(military) a marshal”)
* nguyên thủ (元首)
* nguyên tố (元素, “chemical element”)
* sau Công Nguyên (“the Common Era (misconstruction)”)
* Tết Nguyên Đán (“Vietnamese Lunar New Year”)
* thuyết nhất nguyên (說一元, “(philosophy) monism”)
* thứ nguyên (次元, “dimensional”)
* trạng nguyên (狀元, “(history) a zhuangyuan”)

### Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamese word from 原 (“origin”).

#### Adjective

nguyên
* intact or unchanged
    Tiền mày gửi vẫn còn nguyên.The money you sent is still all there.
* (number theory, arithmetic) integral
    số nguyên ― an integer
    phần nguyên ― the integral part of a decimal fraction
* (law) related to the plaintiff

##### Derived terms

* bên nguyên (“plaintiff; prosecutor”)
* bình nguyên (平原, “(dated) plain”)
* cao nguyên (高原, “highland; plateau”)
* đài nguyên (苔原, “tundra”)
* kháng nguyên (抗原, “antigen”)
* nguyên bản (原本, “original”)
* nguyên cám (“whole-wheat”)
* nguyên cáo (原告, “accuser; plaintiff”)
* nguyên chất (原質, “pure; unadulterated”)
* nguyên cớ (“reason; cause”)
* nguyên đơn (原單, “plaintiff”)
* nguyên hình (原形, “original or true form”)
* nguyên lí (原理, “a principle”)
* nguyên liệu (原料, “raw material”)
* nguyên nhân (原因, “cause; reason”)
* nguyên sinh (原生, “primordial”)
* nguyên sơ (原初, “primordial; pristine”)
* nguyên tắc (原則, “principle”)
* nguyên thuỷ (原始, “(mythology, religion) primordial; primitive”)
* nguyên tử (原子, “atom”)
* nguyên tử (原子, “atom”)
* nguyên văn (原文, “verbatim; sic”)
* nguyên vẹn (“intact; whole; undamaged”)
* số nguyên (“integer”)
* Tây Nguyên (西原, “Central Highlands”)
* Thái Nguyên (太原, “Thai Nguyen”)
* thảo nguyên (草原, “grassland; steppe”)
* trung nguyên (中原, “(rare) central plains; China”)
* y nguyên (依原, “intact; unchanged”)

### Etymology 3

Sino-Vietnamese word from 源. Doublet of nguồn.

#### Affix

nguyên
* spring; source

##### Derived terms

* căn nguyên (根源, “origin; source; initial cause”)
* dị nguyên (異源, “allergen; antigen”)
* lai nguyên (來源, “source”)
* ngữ nguyên (語源, “(linguistics, account) etymology”)
* tài nguyên (財源, “resources”)
* từ nguyên (詞源, “(linguistics, account) etymology”)
* từ nguyên (辭源, “(linguistics, account) etymology”)

### See also

* cố
* cựu