# fiach
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfʲiəx/
* (Ulster) IPA: /fʲia̯x/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish fïach, from Proto-Celtic *wesākos. Cognate with Welsh gwyach (“grebe”).

#### Noun

fiach m (genitive singular fiaigh or féich, nominative plural fiacha)
* raven
    Synonyms: Dónall dubh, fiach dubh

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
fiach
fiacha
vocative
a fhiaigh
a fhiacha
genitive
fiaigh
fiach
dative
fiach
fiacha
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an fiach
na fiacha
genitive
an fhiaigh
na bhfiach
dative
leis an bhfiach don fhiach
leis na fiacha :
* Alternative genitive singular forms: féich, féigh, fiaich

##### Derived terms

* cnáimhfhiach
* fiach mara
* garrfhiach (“vulture”)

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish fíach (“debt”).

#### Noun

fiach m (genitive singular féich, nominative plural fiacha)
* (usually in the plural) debt
    Synonym: fiachas

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
fiach
fiacha
vocative
a fhéich
a fhiacha
genitive
féich
fiach
dative
fiach
fiacha
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an fiach
na fiacha
genitive
an fhéich
na bhfiach
dative
leis an bhfiach don fhiach
leis na fiacha :

##### Derived terms

* bailiú fiach (“debt collection”)
* comhdhlúthú fiach (“debt consolidation”)
* d’fhiacha (“incumbent”)
* fiach fadtéarmach (“long-term debt”)
* fiach náisiúnta (“national debt”)
* maoiniú fiach (“debt financing”)
* státfhiach (“state debt”)

### Etymology 3

From Old Irish fíadach. By surface analysis, fia (“deer”) +‎ -ach. The verb is from the noun.

#### Alternative forms

* fiadhach (superseded)

#### Noun

fiach m (genitive singular fiaigh)
* verbal noun of fiach
* hunting
    Synonyms: sealgaireacht, seilg
* chasing

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
fiach
vocative
a fhiaigh
genitive
fiaigh
dative
fiach
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an fiach
genitive
an fhiaigh
dative
leis an bhfiach don fhiach :

##### Derived terms

* capall fiaigh
* corn fiaigh
* fiach pocadán
* gadhar fiaigh
* liopard fiaigh
* madra fiaigh Weimar (“Weimaraner”)
* Madraí Fiaigh
* púdar fiaigh (“sporting powder”)
* spáinnéar fiaigh (“field spaniel”)

#### Verb

fiach (present analytic fiachann, future analytic fiachfaidh, verbal noun fiach, past participle fiachta)
* to hunt, chase

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | fiachaim | fiachann tú; fiachair$^†$ | fiachann sé, sí | fiachaimid | fiachann sibh | fiachann siad; fiachaid$^†$ | a fhiachann; a fhiachas / a bhfiachann* | fiachtar |
| indicative | past | d'fhiach mé; d'fhiachas / fhiach mé‡; fhiachas‡ | d'fhiach tú; d'fhiachais / fhiach tú; fhiachais‡ | d'fhiach sé, sí / fhiach sé, sí‡ | d'fhiachamar; d'fhiach muid / fhiachamar; fhiach muid‡ | d'fhiach sibh; d'fhiachabhair / fhiach sibh; fhiachabhair‡ | d'fhiach siad; d'fhiachadar / fhiach siad; fhiachadar‡ | a d'fhiach / ar fhiach* | fiachadh |
| indicative | past habitual | d'fhiachainn / fhiachainn‡; bhfiachainn‡‡ | d'fhiachtá / fhiachtá‡; bhfiachtá‡‡ | d'fhiachadh sé, sí / fhiachadh sé, sí‡; bhfiachadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'fhiachaimis; d'fhiachadh muid / fhiachaimis; fhiachadh muid‡; bhfiachaimis‡‡; bhfiachadh muid‡‡ | d'fhiachadh sibh / fhiachadh sibh‡; bhfiachadh sibh‡‡ | d'fhiachaidís; d'fhiachadh siad / fhiachaidís; fhiachadh siad‡; bhfiachaidís‡‡; bhfiachadh siad‡‡ | a d'fhiachadh / a bhfiachadh* | d'fhiachtaí / fhiachtaí‡; bhfiachtaí‡‡ |
| future | future | fiachfaidh mé; fiachfad | fiachfaidh tú; fiachfair$^†$ | fiachfaidh sé, sí | fiachfaimid; fiachfaidh muid | fiachfaidh sibh | fiachfaidh siad; fiachfaid$^†$ | a fhiachfaidh; a fhiachfas / a bhfiachfaidh* | fiachfar |
| conditional | conditional | d'fhiachfainn / fhiachfainn‡; bhfiachfainn‡‡ | d'fhiachfá / fhiachfá‡; bhfiachfá‡‡ | d'fhiachfadh sé, sí / fhiachfadh sé, sí‡; bhfiachfadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'fhiachfaimis; d'fhiachfadh muid / fhiachfaimis‡; fhiachfadh muid‡; bhfiachfaimis‡‡; bhfiachfadh muid‡‡ | d'fhiachfadh sibh / fhiachfadh sibh‡; bhfiachfadh sibh‡‡ | d'fhiachfaidís; d'fhiachfadh siad / fhiachfaidís‡; fhiachfadh siad‡; bhfiachfaidís‡‡; bhfiachfadh siad‡‡ | a d'fhiachfadh / a bhfiachfadh* | d'fhiachfaí / fhiachfaí‡; bhfiachfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go bhfiacha mé; go bhfiachad$^†$ | go bhfiacha tú; go bhfiachair$^†$ | go bhfiacha sé, sí | go bhfiachaimid; go bhfiacha muid | go bhfiacha sibh | go bhfiacha siad; go bhfiachaid$^†$ | — | go bhfiachtar |
| subjunctive | past | dá bhfiachainn | dá bhfiachtá | dá bhfiachadh sé, sí | dá bhfiachaimis; dá bhfiachadh muid | dá bhfiachadh sibh | dá bhfiachaidís; dá bhfiachadh siad | — | dá bhfiachtaí |
| imperative | imperative | fiachaim | fiach | fiachadh sé, sí | fiachaimis | fiachaigí; fiachaidh$^†$ | fiachaidís | — | fiachtar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | fiach | fiach | fiach | fiach | fiach | fiach | fiach | fiach |
| past participle | past participle | fiachta | fiachta | fiachta | fiachta | fiachta | fiachta | fiachta | fiachta |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡ dependent form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

fiach (present analytic fiachann, future analytic fiachfaidh, verbal noun fiachaint, past participle fiachta)
* Alternative form of féach (“to look”)

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | fiachaim | fiachann tú; fiachair$^†$ | fiachann sé, sí | fiachaimid | fiachann sibh | fiachann siad; fiachaid$^†$ | a fhiachann; a fhiachas / a bhfiachann* | fiachtar |
| indicative | past | d'fhiach mé; d'fhiachas / fhiach mé‡; fhiachas‡ | d'fhiach tú; d'fhiachais / fhiach tú; fhiachais‡ | d'fhiach sé, sí / fhiach sé, sí‡ | d'fhiachamar; d'fhiach muid / fhiachamar; fhiach muid‡ | d'fhiach sibh; d'fhiachabhair / fhiach sibh; fhiachabhair‡ | d'fhiach siad; d'fhiachadar / fhiach siad; fhiachadar‡ | a d'fhiach / ar fhiach* | fiachadh |
| indicative | past habitual | d'fhiachainn / fhiachainn‡; bhfiachainn‡‡ | d'fhiachtá / fhiachtá‡; bhfiachtá‡‡ | d'fhiachadh sé, sí / fhiachadh sé, sí‡; bhfiachadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'fhiachaimis; d'fhiachadh muid / fhiachaimis; fhiachadh muid‡; bhfiachaimis‡‡; bhfiachadh muid‡‡ | d'fhiachadh sibh / fhiachadh sibh‡; bhfiachadh sibh‡‡ | d'fhiachaidís; d'fhiachadh siad / fhiachaidís; fhiachadh siad‡; bhfiachaidís‡‡; bhfiachadh siad‡‡ | a d'fhiachadh / a bhfiachadh* | d'fhiachtaí / fhiachtaí‡; bhfiachtaí‡‡ |
| future | future | fiachfaidh mé; fiachfad | fiachfaidh tú; fiachfair$^†$ | fiachfaidh sé, sí | fiachfaimid; fiachfaidh muid | fiachfaidh sibh | fiachfaidh siad; fiachfaid$^†$ | a fhiachfaidh; a fhiachfas / a bhfiachfaidh* | fiachfar |
| conditional | conditional | d'fhiachfainn / fhiachfainn‡; bhfiachfainn‡‡ | d'fhiachfá / fhiachfá‡; bhfiachfá‡‡ | d'fhiachfadh sé, sí / fhiachfadh sé, sí‡; bhfiachfadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'fhiachfaimis; d'fhiachfadh muid / fhiachfaimis‡; fhiachfadh muid‡; bhfiachfaimis‡‡; bhfiachfadh muid‡‡ | d'fhiachfadh sibh / fhiachfadh sibh‡; bhfiachfadh sibh‡‡ | d'fhiachfaidís; d'fhiachfadh siad / fhiachfaidís‡; fhiachfadh siad‡; bhfiachfaidís‡‡; bhfiachfadh siad‡‡ | a d'fhiachfadh / a bhfiachfadh* | d'fhiachfaí / fhiachfaí‡; bhfiachfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go bhfiacha mé; go bhfiachad$^†$ | go bhfiacha tú; go bhfiachair$^†$ | go bhfiacha sé, sí | go bhfiachaimid; go bhfiacha muid | go bhfiacha sibh | go bhfiacha siad; go bhfiachaid$^†$ | — | go bhfiachtar |
| subjunctive | past | dá bhfiachainn | dá bhfiachtá | dá bhfiachadh sé, sí | dá bhfiachaimis; dá bhfiachadh muid | dá bhfiachadh sibh | dá bhfiachaidís; dá bhfiachadh siad | — | dá bhfiachtaí |
| imperative | imperative | fiachaim | fiach | fiachadh sé, sí | fiachaimis | fiachaigí; fiachaidh$^†$ | fiachaidís | — | fiachtar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | fiachaint | fiachaint | fiachaint | fiachaint | fiachaint | fiachaint | fiachaint | fiachaint |
| past participle | past participle | fiachta | fiachta | fiachta | fiachta | fiachta | fiachta | fiachta | fiachta |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡ dependent form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 110
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 318, page 111
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fïach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 fíach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fíadach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “fiach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “fiach”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “fiach”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *wesākos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɸʲi.əx/, [ˈɸʲi.ax]

### Noun

fïach m (nominative plural fïaich)
* raven
    Synonyms: bran, trogan

#### Inflection

Masculine o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | fïach | fïach$^L$ | fïaich$^L$ |
| Vocative | fïaich | fïach$^L$ | fïachu$^H$ |
| Accusative | fïach$^N$ | fïach$^L$ | fïachu$^H$ |
| Genitive | fïaich$^L$ | fïach | fïach$^N$ |
| Dative | fïuch$^L$ | fïachaib | fïachaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Descendants

* Irish: fiach
* Manx: feeagh
* Scottish Gaelic: fitheach

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fiach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish fíach (“debt”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fiəx/
* (Lewis) IPA: [fiʊx˧], [fiʊx˧˥]
* (South Uist) IPA: /fiax/

### Noun

fiach m (genitive singular fèich, plural fiachan)
* worth, value
    Synonym: luach
* debt
    Synonym: comain

### Adjective

fiach
* worth, worthy, worthwhile
* valuable
    Synonyms: prìseil, luachmhor

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 fíach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “fiach”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN