# -ta
## Afar
### Pronunciation 1

* IPA: /-ta/ [-tʌ]

#### Suffix

-ta
* Form of -yta used after nouns ending in consonants.

##### Declension
### Pronunciation 2

* IPA: /-ˈta/ [-ˈtʌ]

#### Suffix

-tá
* Form of -ytá used after nouns ending in consonants.

##### Declension
### References

* E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 228
* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

## Basque
### Alternative forms

* -da (after -n)

### Etymology

From eta (“and”).

### Suffix

-ta
* [with perfect participle] adverbial suffix
    Guztiz bustita zatoz. ― You're totally soaked.
    Hori esanda, nahi duzuna egin ezazu. ― Having said that, do whatever you want.

### References

* ↑ “eta” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

## Estonian
### Suffix

-ta
* suffix for the abessive case, without.

#### Usage notes

* Suffixed to the genitive singular.
* Often used in conjunction with the preposition ilma, for example ilma soolata "without salt, saltless".

## Finnish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak, from Proto-Uralic *-ta- (verbalizer) (see the Proto-Finnic entry for more).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-tɑˣ/, [-t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]

#### Suffix

-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, stem -a-, linguistic notation -A- or -tA)
* Forms verbs from nouns, generally with a causative, factitive or instrumental meaning.
    ‎kampa (“comb”) + ‎-ta → ‎kammata (“to comb”)
    ‎linko (“sling; centrifuge”) + ‎-ta → ‎lingota (“to hurl, sling, fling”)

##### Usage notes

* The derivatives belong to the conjugation types 73, 74 and 75. The only differences between these three types are the conditional forms, with 74 being a superset of 73 and 75 (allowing both forms of conditional stems). Stems ending in -a are always type 73, while other vowels result in 74 and 75 (with no clear regular pattern; colloquially all of these, except for those with stems ending in -i- like selvitä, are often inflected as if they were in class 74).
* Triggers consonant gradation in the root, if applicable.
* Used mainly on bisyllabic vowel-stem nouns. For monosyllabic and consonant-stem nouns, -taa is more common.
* A final -i- in the stem -ta is attached to usually becomes -e-.

##### Derived terms

* -uuttaa

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-tɑˣ/, [-t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]

#### Suffix

-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, stem -a-, linguistic notation -A- or -tA)
* Forms verbs from nouns with a translative or reflexive meaning.
    ‎kato (“disappearance”) + ‎-ta → ‎kadota (“to disappear”)
    ‎raukea (“limp, drowsy”) + ‎-ta → ‎raueta (“to weaken, lapse”)

##### Usage notes

* The derivatives belong to the conjugation types 74, 75 and rarely 73. The only differences between these three types are the conditional forms, with 74 being a superset of 73 and 75 (allowing both forms of conditional stems). Stems ending in -a are always type 73, while other vowels result in 74 and 75 (with no clear regular pattern; colloquially all of these, except for those with stems ending in -i-, are often inflected as if they were in class 74).
* Triggers consonant gradation in the root, if applicable.
* A final -i- in the stem -ta is attached to usually becomes -e-.
* Largely conflated with etymology 1, as they have fallen together in form.

##### Derived terms
#### See also

* -eta
* -ita

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Finnic *-ta, ultimately from the Proto-Uralic ablative case *-ta (compare to Moksha -да, -та (-da, -ta) and Erzya -до (-do)).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-tɑ/, [-t̪ɑ̝]

#### Suffix

-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, linguistic notation -tA)
* A suffix for the partitive singular case.

##### Usage notes

* This suffix is used after a long vowel, diphthong or a consonant.
* See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the partitive case is used.

#### See also

* -a

### Etymology 4
#### Suffix

-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, stem -a-, linguistic notation -A- or -tA) (dialectal)
* (Eastern Finnish) Alternative form of -ida

##### Usage notes

See Appendix:Eastern Finnish reflexive verbs.

##### Conjugation

See Appendix:Eastern Finnish reflexive verbs.

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-tɑˣ/, [-t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]

#### Suffix

-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, linguistic notation -tA)
* (dialectal) Alternative form of -tta (abessive case ending)

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tɒ]

### Suffix

-ta
** (past-tense suffix) Forms the third-person singular indicative past definite form of verbs.
    ‎olvas (“to read”) + ‎-ta → ‎olvasta (“he/she (has/had) read (it)”)
** (verbal-participle suffix) Forms the verbal participle of verbs, always following the agent noun.
    ‎okoz (“to cause”) + ‎-ta → ‎okozta (“caused by”)
    a vihar okozta kár ― the damage caused by the storm (literally, “storm-caused damage”)
* (noun-forming suffix) Forms nouns from certain verbs (cf. -ás), incorporating the third-person singular possessive suffix (-a), which can be replaced by other personal possessive suffixes.
    tud (“to know”) → tudta (“his/her knowledge [of something]”)

#### Usage notes

* (past-tense and verbal-participle suffix) Variants:
    -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs
    -te is added to most front-vowel verbs
    -tta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, rí, szí; ó, ró; fú)
    -tte is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (lő, nő, sző; nyű)
    -otta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, nyit, except lát)
    -ette is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)
    -ötte is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)
* (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
    -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs
    -te is added to most front-vowel verbs
    -tte is added to front-vowel verbs that originally ended in a vowel (like jön, originally jő)
    -ata is added to back-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like hall)
    -ete is added to front-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like kell)

#### Derived terms
### See also

* Category:Hungarian verbal participles
* Category:Hungarian verb forms
* Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

### Further reading

* Károly, Sándor. Az istenadta-féle szerkezetek személyragos tagjának szófaji jellegéről (“On the part of speech of the personal-suffixed elements of istenadta [‘God-given’]-like structures”). In: Nyelvtudományi Közlemények (“Linguistic Publications”), vol. 59 (1957), pp. 130–150.
* Simonyi, Zsigmond. Isten-adta (“God-given”). In: Magyar Nyelvőr (“Hungarian Language Guardian”), vol. XXXVI (1907), pp. 16–35 in the offprint (issue 5, May 15 in the original, pp. 193–205, 264–271).

## Igbo
### Alternative forms

* -té (neutral tongue position)

### Suffix

-tá
* towards, to.
    pụ (“go out”) → pụtá (“come out”)
    chọ́ (“want, seek”) → chọ́tá (“find”)
* to one's advantage, for.

## Ilocano
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ta, an enclitic form of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, whence Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ta/

### Pronoun

-ta
* First-person dual absolutive enclitic pronoun; we (two); us (two); you and I; you and me
    Aggayyemta. ― You and I are friends.
* First-person dual ergative enclitic pronoun; we (two); you and I
    Masapul a tulunganta ni Maria. ― You and I should help Maria.
* First-person dual possessive marker; our (mine and yours); of us two
    Awan inggana koma ti ayatta. ― May our love last forever.

#### See also
## Irish
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Alternative forms

* -tha

#### Suffix

-ta
* added to nouns to form adjectives

##### Related terms

* -ga (-da, -dha)

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* -te (slender form)
* -tha, -the

#### Suffix

-ta
* used to form strong plural forms of nouns

### Etymology 3

From Old Irish -ta, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts, whence also Ancient Greek -της (-tēs), Sanskrit -ताति (-tāti), and Latin -tās.

#### Alternative forms

* -te (slender form)
* -tha, -the

#### Suffix

-ta
* used to form the past participle of verbs

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 4
#### Alternative forms

* -te, -tha, -the

#### Suffix

-ta
* genitive singular of -adh (verbal noun suffix)

## Japanese
### Romanization

-ta
* Rōmaji transcription of た

## Kambera
### Pronoun

-ta
* first person plural inclusive accusative enclitic

#### See also

| | Nominative | Genitive | Accusative | Dative |
| 1sg | ku- | -nggu | -ka | -ngga |
| 2sg | mu- (u-) | -mu | -kau | -nggau |
| 3sg | na- | -na | -ya | -nya |
| 1pl.incl | ta- | -nda | -ta | -nda |
| 1pl.excl | ma- | -ma | -kama | -nggama |
| 2pl | mi- (i-) | -mi | -kami (-kai) | -nggami (-nggai) |
| 3pl | da- | -da | -ha | -nja |

## Lakota
### Suffix

-ta
* to, at, on, in
    ‎pahá (“hill, butte”) + ‎-ta → ‎paháta (“on the hill, butte”)
    ‎maȟpíya (“sky”) + ‎-ta → ‎maȟpíyata (“in the sky”)
    ‎mní (“water”) + ‎-ta → ‎mniyáta (“at the water”)

#### Usage notes

Changes to (-ata), (-yata) following vowel.

## Latin
### Suffix

-ta
* inflection of -tus:
** feminine nominative/vocative singular
** neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

### Suffix

-tā
* feminine ablative singular of -tus

## Makasar
### Alternative forms

* -nta

### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta, from Proto-Austronesian *ta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ta]

### Suffix

-ta (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨈ)
* our (first person plural inclusive)
* your (polite second person singular and plural)

#### See also

| | Independent | Absolutive | Nominative | Possessive |
| 1st sg / 1st pl excl | nakke | -a' | ku- | -ku |
| 1st pl excl (archaic) | kambe | -kang | ki- | -mang |
| 1st pl incl / 2nd sg polite | katte | -ki' | ki- | -ta |
| 2nd sg / pl familiar | kau | -ko | nu- | -nu |
| 3rd sg / pl | ia | -i | na- | -na |

## Quechua
### Etymology

From Proto-Quechuan *-kta. Compare with Classical Quechua -kta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ta/

### Suffix

-ta
* Used for the accusative case. Indicates the direct object of a verb or the goal of a motion verb.
    ‎wasi (“house”) + ‎-ta → ‎wasita (“at the house”)
    ‎mama (“mother”) + ‎-ta → ‎mamaykita (“your mother (direct object)”)
* Used to form adverbs from adjectives.
    ‎allin (“good”) + ‎-ta → ‎allinta (“well”)

## Scottish Gaelic
### Suffix

-ta
* Alternative form of -te
    'S leònta mo làmh. ― My hand is wounded.

#### Derived terms
## Somali
### Suffix

-ta
* A condition or state

## Turkish
### Suffix

-ta
* Alternative form of -da (locative suffix) (after an unvoiced consonant).

## Ye'kwana
### Alternative forms

* -cha (allomorph after i)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [-ta]

### Etymology 1
#### Suffix

-ta
* Forms intransitive verbs with patient-like arguments from nouns.

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

-ta
* Forms the certain future tense.

##### Usage notes

Verbs with this suffix take series I person markers.

##### Derived terms

* -tai (possibly)

### Etymology 3

Cognates are found in many other Cariban languages, where they are usually restricted to use with or in place of an imperative marker cognate to -kö. The Ye'kwana suffix thus shows a broadened scope of use.

#### Suffix

-ta
* Directs that the command or request expressed by a verb must be executed somewhere else and not at the place where the order was given.

##### Usage notes

This suffix immediately precedes the verb’s tense/aspect/mood markers (and so is distinguished from the certain future suffix above). In most cases, it can only appear with one of the three modal markers -kö (imperative), -iye (jussive), and -'ñojo (rogative); however, when used in the imperative singular, it takes the place of the suffix -kö instead of appearing alongside it.
In the plural this suffix takes the form -tan except in the third person, where it does not change. That is, it takes the form -tan when followed by plural -tö.

##### Derived terms

* -tan

### References

* Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “-ta”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon, pages 149, 225–226, 234–236