# gein
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Geïn, coined by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1832, from Ancient Greek γήινος (gḗinos, “of earth”), from γῆ (gê, “earth”).

### Noun

gein (uncountable)
* (organic chemistry, biochemistry, dated) Humic acid.
** 1843 January 9, Henry Bidleman Bascom, “Glance at the Natural History and Philosophy of Agriculture […]”, in Thomas N. Ralston, editor, Posthumous Works of the Rev. Henry B. Bascom, […], volume 2, published 1856, page 201:Hence, a most interesting conclusion—without salts and gein we have no vegetable production. The gein in solution is essential to fruit, and yet, without the salts, the insolubility of gein would leave the soil barren.
** 1893, John Nisbet, Soil and Situation in Relation to Forest Growth, page 10:The humic acid and other similar acids (ulmic, geïn, &c.) have a very strong affinity for ammonia, which itself is essential to the nourishment of forest growth, as plants have only a limited power of assimilating the free nitrogen of the air.
** 1907, Philip R. Björling, Frederick T. Gissing, Peat: Its Use and Manufacture, page 6:Thus with a free supply of air the residue is mainly humin; with less air it is ulmin; and when air is excluded it is gein.

### References

* ↑ Browne, Charles A. (1944) A Source Book of Agricultural Chemistry, Waltham: Chronica Botanica Company, page 257

### Anagrams

* Gien, NigE, Nige

## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* gijn (obsolete)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Yiddish חן (kheyn, “grace, charm”), from Hebrew חֵן.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣɛi̯n/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: gein
* Rhymes: -ɛi̯n
* Homophones: Gein, gijn

### Noun

gein m (uncountable, diminutive geintje n)
* (Netherlands, informal) fun, pleasure, joke

#### Derived terms

* geinig
* geinponem
* ongein

### Anagrams

* enig, neig

## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡei̯n/, [ˈɡe̞i̯n]
* Rhymes: -ein
* Hyphenation: gein

### Noun

gein
* instructive plural of gee

### Anagrams

* Inge

## Icelandic
### Verb

gein
* first-person singular past indicative of gína
* third-person singular past indicative of gína

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Adjective

gein
* Alternative form of gayn (“direct, fast, good, helpful”)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

gein
* Alternative form of gayn (“gain, reward, advantage”)

### Etymology 3
#### Preposition

gein
* Alternative form of gain (“against”)

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *genan, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡʲenʲ/

### Noun

gein n (genitive gene, nominative plural gene)
* verbal noun of gainithir
* birth
* (Christianity) the Nativity
* someone who was born

#### Inflection

Neuter n-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | gein$^N$ | gein$^N$ | geinen$^L$ |
| Vocative | gein$^N$ | gein$^N$ | geinen$^L$ |
| Accusative | gein$^N$ | gein$^N$ | geinen$^L$ |
| Genitive | geine | geinen$^N$ | geinen$^N$ |
| Dative | geinim$^L$ | geinenaib | geinenaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Derived terms

* aithgin (“rebirth”)
* Fíngin (literally “wine-born”)
    Irish: Fínín
* Midgen (literally “mead-born”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, pages 100, 211
* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gan-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 150-151

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gein”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old Norse
### Verb

gein
* first/third-person singular past active indicative of gína

## Volapük
### Noun

gein (nominative plural geins)
* gin

#### Declension

* $^1$ status as a case is disputed
* $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only