# aer
## Ambonese Malay
### Etymology

From Malay air.

### Noun

aer
* water

### References

* D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998) Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia‎, Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa

## Breton
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛʁ/

### Noun

aer f (plural aerioù)
* air

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *airo, from Proto-Germanic *airō. Cognate with Finnish and Votic airo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑe̯r/, [ˈɑe̯r]
* Rhymes: -ɑer
* Hyphenation: aer

### Noun

aer (genitive aeru, partitive aeru)
* oar

#### Declension
### References

* aer in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
* “aer”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

## Irish
### Alternative forms

* aidhéar

### Etymology

From Old Irish aer, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /eːɾˠ/
* (Connacht) IPA: /eːɾˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /eːɾˠ/, [ɛːɾˠ]

### Noun

aer m (genitive singular aeir, nominative plural aeir)
* air
* sky
* (weather) climate
* gaiety, pleasure
* (music) air, tune

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
aer
aeir
vocative
a aeir
a aera
genitive
aeir
aer
dative
aer
aeir
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an t-aer
na haeir
genitive
an aeir
na n-aer
dative
leis an aer don aer
leis na haeir :

#### Synonyms

* (sky, air): spéir
* (climate): aeráid, clíoma

#### Derived terms

* aer-
* aerach
* aerfort
* aerghiotár
* aertha

### Noun

aer m (genitive singular aeir)
* wonder

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
aer
vocative
a aeir
genitive
aeir
dative
aer
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an t-aer
genitive
an aeir
dative
leis an aer don aer :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “aer”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Ó Cuív, Brian (1968) The Irish of West Muskerry, Co. Cork: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, page 107; reprinted 1988
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 95
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 35

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “aer”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 6
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “aer”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Latin
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr, “air”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈaː.eːr/, [ˈäːeːr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.er/, [ˈäːer]

### Noun

āēr m or f (genitive āeris or āeros); third declension
* air
* the lower atmosphere

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (Greek-type, variant with nominative singular in -ēr).

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: air, airu
** Romanian: aer
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: aere, aiere, aire, are (archaic)
* Padanian:
** Friulian: aiar, ajar (alternative orthography)
** Ligurian: àire, ære
** Lombard: àira, àjer
** Piedmontese: àire
** Romansch: ajer, aria, leer
** Venetan: aiere, agere
*** → Cimbrian: èar
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: êr, âr, air, are
** Old French: air, aer, aïr, ar, eir, aeir, eyer, aire
*** French: air
*** Norman: air
*** → Middle English: aire, ayre, eire, eyre, aere
**** English: air
**** Scots: air
**** Yola: aare
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: aire
** Occitan: aire, aere
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Leonese:
*** Asturian: aire
*** Mirandese: aire
** Old Galician-Portuguese: aar, aire, aere
*** Galician: ar, aire
*** Portuguese: ar
** Spanish: aire
*** → Basque: aire
*** → Bikol Central: ayre
*** → Tagalog: ere
* Insular Romance
** Sardinian: aera, àeri, àghera, àiri, ari, ària
* From the metathesis (and/or femininization) of Latin āera (the Greek-type accusative):
** Dalmatian:
*** aria
** Italo-Romance:
*** Italian: aria (see there for further descendants)
**** → Venetan: aria
**** → Ligurian: âia
**** → Lombard: aria
**** → Piedmontese: aria
*** Sicilian: àriu ⇒ ària
**** → Maltese: arja
* Borrowings:
* → Albanian: ajër
* → Proto-Celtic:
** Proto-Brythonic:
*** Breton: aer
*** Cornish: air, ayr
*** Middle Welsh: awyr
**** Welsh: awyr
** Old Irish: aer
*** Irish: aer, aidhéar
*** Manx: aer
*** Scottish Gaelic: adhar
* → Polish: (Middle Polish) aer (learned)

### References

* “aer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* aer in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Malay
### Noun

aer (informal 1st possessive aerku, 2nd possessive aermu, 3rd possessive aernya)
* (Medan) alternative spelling of air (“water”)

## Manado Malay
### Etymology

From Malay air.

### Noun

aer
* water

## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish aer, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eːə/

### Noun

aer f
* sky
* air

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology 1

From Old Dutch *ār, from Proto-West Germanic *ahaʀ.

#### Noun

âer f
* ear (of corn, grain etc.)

##### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

##### Descendants

* Dutch: aar
** Afrikaans: aar

### Etymology 2

From Old Dutch *arn, from Proto-Germanic *arô.

#### Noun

āer m
* eagle

##### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

##### Descendants

* Dutch: aar

### Further reading

* “aer”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “aer (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “aer (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

## Old Irish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.er/

### Noun

aer m (genitive aeir, nominative plural aeir)
* air
* sky

#### Inflection

Masculine o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | aer | aer$^L$ | aeir$^L$ |
| Vocative | aeir | aer$^L$ | aeru$^H$ |
| Accusative | aer$^N$ | aer$^L$ | aeru$^H$ |
| Genitive | aeir$^L$ | aer | aer$^N$ |
| Dative | aer$^L$ | aeraib | aeraib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Descendants

* Irish: aer, aidhéar
* Manx: aer
* Scottish Gaelic: adhar

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “aer”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Polish
### Etymology

First attested in 1624–1625.

### Pronunciation

* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈa.ɛr/

### Noun

aer m animacy unattested
* Middle Polish form of aeria

#### Declension
### References

* Danuta Lankiewicz (12.02.2021) “AER”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

## Romanian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin āēr.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

aer n (plural aere)
* air

#### Derived terms

* aera
* aeresc
* aeros

#### Related terms

* aerisi

#### See also

* văzduh

## Scots
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

aer (plural aers)
* Shetland form of air (“small quantity”)

#### References

* “aer, n.$^2$”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

aer (plural aers)
* Shetland form of air (“oar”)

#### References

* “aer, n.$^3$”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

aer (plural aers)
* Shetland form of air (“beach”)

#### References

* “aer, n.$^4$”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

## Venetan
### Etymology

From Latin habeō.

### Verb

aer
* to have

#### See also

* èser (“to be”)

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /aːɨ̯r/
* (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA: /ai̯r/
** (air): (South Wales, colloquial) IPA: /aːr/
* Rhymes: -aːɨ̯r

### Etymology 1

From English air, from Old French air, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).

#### Noun

aer m (uncountable)
* air
    Synonym: awyr

### Etymology 2

From Middle English heir, from Anglo-Norman eir, heir, from Latin hērēs.

#### Noun

aer m (plural aerion or aeron)
* heir
    Synonym: etifedd

##### Derived terms

aeres (“heiress”)

### Etymology 3

From Old Welsh hair, from Proto-Brythonic *aɨr, from Proto-Celtic *agrom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵro- (“hunt”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵro- (“drive”). Doublet of amaeth (“agriculture”). Cognate with Irish ár, Manx haar, Scottish Gaelic àr.

#### Noun

aer f (plural aerau or aeroedd)
* (obsolete) battle
    Synonym: brwydr
* (obsolete) slaughter, carnage
    Synonyms: cyflafan, lladdfa

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

aer
* (literary) impersonal imperative of mynd
    Synonym: eler

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “aer”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Zealandic
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch hâer, from Old Dutch hār, from Proto-West Germanic *hār, from Proto-Germanic *hērą.

### Noun

aer n (plural [please provide])
* hair

#### Alternative forms

* aor
* 'aer
* 'aor