# 究

| 究 | U+7A76, &#31350; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A76 |
| ← 穵 [U+7A75] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 穷 → [U+7A77] |

## Translingual
### Han character

究 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十金大弓 (JCKN), four-corner 3041$_7$, composition ⿱穴九)

#### Derived characters

* 㙀, 𭝄, 𢭕, 𣵇, 𫕂, 𭦒, 𣒔, 𤲏, 𭾶, 𥦚, 𥤿, 𥧖, 𰩞, 𥨶

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 862, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25409
* Dae Jaweon: page 1289, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2718, character 5
* Unihan data for U+7A76

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 究 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 尻 | *kʰuː |
| 訄 | *kʰuː, *kʰu, *ɡu |
| 艽 | *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw, *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw |
| 虓 | *qʰruː |
| 鳩 | *ku |
| 勼 | *ku |
| 九 | *kuʔ |
| 究 | *kus |
| 仇 | *ɡu |
| 鼽 | *ɡu |
| 犰 | *ɡu |
| 叴 | *ɡu |
| 厹 | *ɡu |
| 頄 | *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw |
| 朹 | *ɡu, *kʷrɯwʔ |
| 馗 | *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw |
| 扏 | *ɡu |
| 訅 | *ɡu |
| 釚 | *ɡu |
| 肍 | *ɡu |
| 軌 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
| 宄 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
| 氿 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
| 匭 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
| 泦 | *kuɡ |
| 旭 | *qʰʷoɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kus) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiū, jiù
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡ, ㄐㄧㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gau$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jiu$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): giu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): giu$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): giéu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiù
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giu$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$cieu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiū
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiou
*** Wade–Giles: chiu$^1$
*** Yale: jyōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiou
*** Palladius: цзю (czju)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiù
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiòu
*** Wade–Giles: chiu$^4$
*** Yale: jyòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiow
*** Palladius: цзю (czju)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gau$^3$
*** Yale: gau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐu̯³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jiu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiu³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: giu
*** Hakka Romanization System: giu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /gi̯u⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: giu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiu⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: giéu
*** Sinological IPA : /kiɛu²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiù
*** Tâi-lô: kiù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiux
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiu²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiu²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiu¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiu²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: giu$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiù
*** Sinological IPA : /kiu²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$cieu
*** MiniDict: cieu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$jieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɤ³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kjuwH
Rime :
| Character | 究 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居祐切 |
| Baxter | kjuwH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kuw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kiu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯ə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k](r)u(ʔ)-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kus/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 究 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjuw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k](r)u(ʔ)-s/ |
| English | scrutinize; go to the end |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 究 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6942 |
| Phonetic component | 九 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 救 |
| Old Chinese | /*kus/ |

### Definitions

究
* to reach the end or limit; to exhaust
* to study intensively; to research
    Synonym: 研 (yán)
* to investigate; to scrutinise
    翻刻必究 [Classical Chinese] ― fānkè bì jiū [Pinyin] ― We will go after unauthorized reproduction.
* after all; actually; in fact

### Compounds

* 一探究竟
* 不究
* 不講究 / 不讲究
* 作業研究 / 作业研究
* 個案研究 / 个案研究 (gè'àn yánjiū)
* 刨根究底 (páogēnjiūdǐ)
* 學究 / 学究 (xuéjiū)
* 學究天人 / 学究天人
* 學術研究 / 学术研究
* 尋根究底 / 寻根究底 (xúngēnjiūdǐ)
* 尋究 / 寻究
* 探個究竟 / 探个究竟
* 探究 (tànjiū)
* 推究 (tuījiū)
* 搜根究底
* 有講究 / 有讲究
* 村學究 / 村学究
* 查究 (chájiū)
* 根究 (gēnjiū)
* 歸根究柢 / 归根究柢 (guīgēnjiūdǐ)
* 沒講究 / 没讲究
* 深究 (shēnjiū)
* 當官追究 / 当官追究
* 盤究 / 盘究
* 看個究竟 / 看个究竟
* 研究 (yánjiū)
* 研究員 / 研究员 (yánjiūyuán)
* 研究室
* 研究所 (yánjiūsuǒ)
* 研究生 (yánjiūshēng)
* 研究院 (yánjiūyuàn)
* 究問 / 究问
* 究心
* 究查
* 究治 (jiūzhì)
* 究理
* 究究
* 究詰 / 究诘
* 究辦 / 究办 (jiūbàn)
* 究竟 (jiūjìng)
* 窮根究底 / 穷根究底 (qiónggēnjiūdǐ)
* 窮究 / 穷究
* 細究 / 细究 (xìjiū)
* 終究 / 终究 (zhōngjiū)
* 老學究 / 老学究 (lǎoxuéjiū)
* 考究
* 討究 / 讨究
* 該究 / 该究
* 講究 / 讲究
* 追根究柢 (zhuīgēnjiūdǐ)
* 追究 (zhuījiū)
* 闡究 / 阐究
* 體究 / 体究

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* research

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)
* Kun: きわめる (kiwameru, 究める, Jōyō)、きわまる (kiwamaru, 究まる)

## Korean
### Hanja

究 (eumhun 연구할 구 (yeon'guhal gu))
* hanja form of 구 (“examine, investigate”)

#### Compounds

* 연구 (硏究, yeon'gu, “research”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

究: Hán Nôm readings: cứu
* to search, to examine

#### Compounds

* 查究 (tra cứu)
* 研究 (nghiên cứu)
* 研究生 (nghiên cứu sinh)
* 究察 (cứu xét)
* 究竟 (cứu cánh)
* 考究 (khảo cứu)
* 追究 (truy cứu)

#### References

* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).