# ուռն
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pōr-, the lengthened o-grade of the root *per- (“to beat, hit”), whence հար- (har-), the aorist stem of հարկանեմ (harkanem, “to beat”), and in the same relation to it as կուռն (kuṙn) to կրեմ (krem), բուռն (buṙn) to բերեմ (berem), դուրգն (durgn) to դառնամ (daṙnam).
See Old Georgian უროჲ (uroy) for the Caucasian parallels.

### Noun

ուռն • (uṙn)
* hammer
    Synonyms: կռան (kṙan), մուրճ (murč)
** 5th century, Agatʻangełos, Patmutʻiwn Hayocʻ [History of the Armenians] 115:Եւ ետ հրաման արկանել կապիճս երկաթիս ի ծունկս նորա, և վարել ուռունս ստուարս, և բառնալ ի կախաղան՝ մինչև յօշեսցին ծունկք նորա անդէն։ ԵՒ կաց կախեալ այնպէս զերիս աւուրս։Ew et hraman arkanel kapičs erkatʻis i cunks nora, ew varel uṙuns stuars, ew baṙnal i kaxałan, minčʻew yōšescʻin cunkkʻ nora andēn. EW kacʻ kaxeal aynpēs zeris awurs.Translation by R. W. ThomsonAnd he commanded iron leggings to be put on his knees, and that he be struck with heavy hammers and be suspended on the gibbet until his knees were broken. And he stayed hanging thus for three days.

#### Derived terms

* ուռնադղորդ (uṙnadłord)
* ուռնած (uṙnac)
* ուռնաձեւ (uṙnajew)
* Ուռնայր (Uṙnayr)
* ուռնացեալ (uṙnacʻeal)
* ուռնաւոր (uṙnawor)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: → ուռ (uṙ) (semi-learned), > (Karabakh) օ՛ռնը (ṓṙnə) (inherited)
* >? Middle Armenian: վռ- (vṙ-)
** ⇒ Armenian: վռվել (vṙvel)

### References

* ↑ Létoublon, Françoise, Lamberterie, Charles de (1980) “La roue tourne”, in Revue de philologie, de littérature et d'histoire anciennes‎ (in French), volume 54, pages 315, 317
* ↑ Clackson, James (1994) The linguistic relationship between Armenian and Greek (Publications of the Philological Society; 30), Oxford, Cambridge: Blackwell, page 226, footnote 146
* ↑ Agatʻangełos (1909) G. Tēr-Mkrtčʻean and St. Kanayeancʻ, editors, Patmutʻiwn Hayocʻ [History of Armenia] (Patmagirkʻ hayocʻ; I.2)‎, Tiflis: Aragatip Mnacʻakan Martiroseancʻi, page 67
* ↑ Thomson, R. W. (1976) Agathangelos, History of the Armenians‎, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, page 127

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “ուռն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 609a
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “ուռ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 607a
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ուռն”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “ուռն”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 751b, identifies with ուռ (uṙ, “branch”) and derives from Proto-Indo-European
* Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 956
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ուռն”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate‎, PhD dissertation, Leiden University, page 86