# कर्ण
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa). Doublet of कान (kān), a tadbhava.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kəɾɳ/, [kɐɾɳ]

### Noun

कर्ण • (karṇ) m (Urdu spelling کرن)
* (anatomy, uncommon) ear
    Synonym: कान (kān)
* (geometry, trigonometry) hypotenuse
* (nautical) helm, rudder

#### References

* Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “कर्ण”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa). Doublet of कान (kān), a tadbhava.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kəɾ.ɳə/

### Noun

कर्ण • (karṇa) m
* (anatomy, uncommon) ear
* (geometry) hypotenuse

#### Derived terms

* कर्णधार (karṇadhār)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* কৰ্ণ (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬃᬡ (Balinese script)
* কর্ণ (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰨𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* ကရ်္ဏ (Burmese script)
* કર્ણ (Gujarati script)
* ਕਰ੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑌰𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦂꦟ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂩𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
* ಕರ್ಣ (Kannada script)
* កណ៌ (Khmer script)
* ກຣ຺ຓ (Lao script)
* കര്ണ (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᠠᡵᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘨𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠠᠷᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧈𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐬𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
* କର୍ଣ (Odia script)
* ꢒꢬ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆫𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖨𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
* කර්‍ණ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩼 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚤𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
* கர்ண (Tamil script)
* కర్ణ (Telugu script)
* กรฺณ (Thai script)
* ཀ་རྞ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒩𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨫𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Of uncertain origin.
Likely related to Persian کر (kar, “deaf”), and perhaps to Old Church Slavonic крънъ (krŭnŭ, “mutilated (esp. of the ears and nose)”); however, Fraenkel's presupposition that "defect of the ear" was the original meaning of the common root and that Sanskrit later developed the more basal meaning of "ear" from the "defect" meaning is suspect.
Pischel takes the original meaning as "point, spike"; under this view, कर्णक (karṇaka, “lateral protrusion; fork”) could be related. However, a convincing etymological path for this has not been found.
Zupitsa connects this with Russian Church Slavonic črĕnъ, from a common root meaning "handle, grip".
Finally, others have connected this word to शृणोति (śṛṇóti, “to listen, hear”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kɐ́ɾ.ɳɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈkɐɾ.ɳɐ/

### Noun

कर्ण • (kárṇa) stem, m
* (anatomy) ear
* (nautical) the handle or ear of a vessel
* (nautical) the helm or rudder of a ship
* (geometry) the hypotenuse of a triangle or the diagonal of a quadrilateral
* diameter (of a circle)
* (prosody) spondee

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Grangali: kō̃
** Indus Kohistani: kaṇa, kān
** Kalami: kan
** Kalasha: kọ̃
** Kashmiri: کَن (kan), کَنّ
** Phalura: کاݨ (kāṇ)
** Shina: کون (kon), کوݨ (koṇí)
*** Kohistani Shina: کݨ (kuṇ), کءاݨ (kuāṇə)
*** → Domaaki: کون (kon)
** Shumashti: kō̃ṛ
** Tirahi: kana
** Torwali: کان (kaṇ)
** Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kanə, kan
* Pali: kaṇṇa
* Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡 (kaṇṇa)
** Central:
*** Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
**** Awadhi: कान (kān)
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Hindustani: kān
    Hindi: कान
    Urdu: کان (kān)
**** Romani: kan
** Eastern Indo-Aryan:
*** Avahattha: 𑖎𑖜𑖿𑖜 (kaṇṇa), कण्ण (kaṇṇa)
**** Bengali-Assamese:
***** Assamese: কাণ (kan), কান (kan)
***** Bengali: কান (kan)
***** Hajong: কান
**** Bihari:
***** Bhojpuri: kān
    Devanagari script: कान
    Kaithi script: 𑂍𑂰𑂢
***** Magahi: kān
    Devanagari script: कान
    Kaithi script: 𑂍𑂰𑂢
***** Maithili: kān
    Devanagari script: कान
    Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒰𑒢
**** Odia: କାନ (kāna)
** Northern:
*** Khasa Prakrit:
**** Central Pahari:
***** Kumaoni: कान (kān)
**** Eastern Pahari:
***** Nepali: कान (kān)
**** Western Pahari:
***** Bhadrawahi: कन्न (kann)
***** Chambeali: कन्न (kann)
** Northwestern:
*** Paisaci Prakrit:
**** Takka Apabhramsa:
***** Lahnda: کَنّ (kann), کَن (kan)
***** Punjabi: kann
    Gurmukhi script: ਕੰਨ
    Shahmukhi script: کَنّ
**** Vracada Apabhramsa:
***** Sindhi: kanu
    Arabic script: ڪَنُ
    Devanagari script: कनु
****** Kachchi: કન (kan)
** Southern:
*** Helu Prakrit:
**** ⇒ Dhivehi: ކަންފަތް (kan̊fat̊)
**** Sinhalese: කන (kana), කණ (kaṇa)
*** Maharastri Prakrit:
**** Konkani: kānu
    Devanagari script: कानु
    Latin script: kanu
    Kannada script: ಕಾನು
**** Old Marathi: kāna
    Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘡
    Devanagari script: कान
***** Marathi: कान (kān)
** Western:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Old Gujarati: कान (kāna)
***** Gujarati: કાન (kān)
***** Old Marwari: कान (kān)
* → Bengali: কর্ণ (korno)
* → English: Karna
* → Hindi: कर्ण (karṇ)
* → Old Javanese: karṇa
** > Javanese: ꦏꦂꦤ (karna) (inherited)
** → Balinese: ᬓᬃᬡ (karna)
* ⇒ Tamil: கன்னம் (kaṉṉam)
* ⇒ Malayalam: കർണ്ണം (kaṟṇṇaṁ)
* ⇒ Telugu: కర్ణుడు (karṇuḍu), కర్ణము (karṇamu)
* → Thai: กรรณ (gan)

### Proper noun

कर्ण • (karṇa) stem, m
* (Hinduism) Karna, biological son of Kunti and Surya, adoptive son of Adhiratha and Radha

#### Declension
### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “karna”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 144
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 314-315
* Monier Williams (1899) “कर्ण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 256, column 2.