# gair
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaɾʲ/
* (Connacht) IPA: /ɡɛɾʲ/ (corresponding to the form goir)
* (Ulster) IPA: /ɡɪɾʲ/ (corresponding to the form goir)

### Etymology 1

From Middle Irish gairid, from Old Irish gairid, from Proto-Celtic *garyeti (compare Middle Welsh gardu (“groan”), geir (“word”)), from *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, call”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English caru (“sorrow”).

#### Alternative forms

* goir

#### Verb

gair (present analytic gaireann, future analytic gairfidh, verbal noun gairm, past participle gairthe)
* to call [transitive; or intransitive with ar]
* (literary) to invoke
* to acclaim

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | gairim | gaireann tú; gairir$^†$ | gaireann sé, sí | gairimid | gaireann sibh | gaireann siad; gairid$^†$ | a ghaireann; a ghaireas / a ngaireann* | gairtear |
| indicative | past | ghair mé; ghaireas | ghair tú; ghairis | ghair sé, sí | ghaireamar; ghair muid | ghair sibh; ghaireabhair | ghair siad; ghaireadar | a ghair / ar ghair* | gaireadh |
| indicative | past habitual | ghairinn / ngairinn‡‡ | ghairteá / ngairteá‡‡ | ghaireadh sé, sí / ngaireadh sé, sí‡‡ | ghairimis; ghaireadh muid / ngairimis‡‡; ngaireadh muid‡‡ | ghaireadh sibh / ngaireadh sibh‡‡ | ghairidís; ghaireadh siad / ngairidís‡‡; ngaireadh siad‡‡ | a ghaireadh / a ngaireadh* | ghairtí / ngairtí‡‡ |
| future | future | gairfidh mé; gairfead | gairfidh tú; gairfir$^†$ | gairfidh sé, sí | gairfimid; gairfidh muid | gairfidh sibh | gairfidh siad; gairfid$^†$ | a ghairfidh; a ghairfeas / a ngairfidh* | gairfear |
| conditional | conditional | ghairfinn / ngairfinn‡‡ | ghairfeá / ngairfeá‡‡ | ghairfeadh sé, sí / ngairfeadh sé, sí‡‡ | ghairfimis; ghairfeadh muid / ngairfimis‡‡; ngairfeadh muid‡‡ | ghairfeadh sibh / ngairfeadh sibh‡‡ | ghairfidís; ghairfeadh siad / ngairfidís‡‡; ngairfeadh siad‡‡ | a ghairfeadh / a ngairfeadh* | ghairfí / ngairfí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go ngaire mé; go ngairead$^†$ | go ngaire tú; go ngairir$^†$ | go ngaire sé, sí | go ngairimid; go ngaire muid | go ngaire sibh | go ngaire siad; go ngairid$^†$ | — | go ngairtear |
| subjunctive | past | dá ngairinn | dá ngairteá | dá ngaireadh sé, sí | dá ngairimis; dá ngaireadh muid | dá ngaireadh sibh | dá ngairidís; dá ngaireadh siad | — | dá ngairtí |
| imperative | imperative | gairim | gair | gaireadh sé, sí | gairimis | gairigí; gairidh$^†$ | gairidís | — | gairtear |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | gairm | gairm | gairm | gairm | gairm | gairm | gairm | gairm |
| past participle | past participle | gairthe | gairthe | gairthe | gairthe | gairthe | gairthe | gairthe | gairthe |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
* Alternative past participles: gartha

##### Alternative forms

* gairm

##### Derived terms

* aisghair (“abrogate; repeal”, transitive verb)
* gair ar (“call upon, summon, invoke”)
* gair de (“name, proclaim, inaugurate”)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

gair
* inflection of gar:
** masculine vocative/genitive singular
** (archaic) feminine dative singular

#### Noun

gair m
* genitive singular of gar

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 gairid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gair”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Manx
### Adjective

gair
* Eclipsed form of cair.

### Noun

gair f
* Eclipsed form of cair.

### Mutation
## Scots
### Alternative forms

* gare, gear, gehr, gayro, geyr, geyro

### Etymology

Compare to English gore (third sense).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡeːr/
* (Orkney) IPA: /ˈɡair.(o)/

### Noun

gair (plural gairs)
* (archaic) a strip of grass on a hillside, especially bright green and fertile grass

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh geir, from Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of *ǵeh₂r-.
Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English ċearu (“sorrow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡai̯r/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ai̯r

### Noun

gair m (plural geiriau or geirau)
* word

#### Derived terms

* gair am air (“word for word”)
* geirfa (“glossary, vocabulary”)
* geiriadur (“dictionary”)
* geiriog (“wordy, verbose”)

#### Compounds

* adleisair (“onomatopoeia, echoic word”)
* ansoddair (“adjective”)
* benthycair (“loanword”)
* cyfansoddair (“compound”)
* cymysgair (“blend, hybrid”)
* cysylltair (“conjunction”)
* ebychair (“interjection”)
* estronair (“foreign word”)
* gogwyddair (“enclitic”)
* grymusair (“intensive”)
* mwythair (“euphemism”)
* newyddair (“neologism”)
* prifair (“headword”)
* tarddair (“derivative”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gair”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies