# scar
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American) enPR: skär, IPA: /skɑɹ/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /skɑː(ɹ)/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

### Etymology 1

From Middle English scar, scarre, a conflation of Old French escare (“scab”) (from Late Latin eschara, from Ancient Greek ἐσχάρα (eskhára, “scab left from a burn”), and thus a doublet of eschar) and Middle English skar (“incision, cut, fissure”) (from Old Norse skarð (“notch, chink, gap”), from Proto-Germanic *skardaz (“gap, cut, fragment”)). Akin to Old Norse skor (“notch, score”), Old English sċeard (“gap, cut, notch”). More at shard.
Displaced native Old English dolgswæþ.

#### Noun

scar (plural scars)
* A permanent mark on the skin, sometimes caused by the healing of a wound.
* (by extension) A permanent negative effect on someone's mind, caused by a traumatic experience.
** 2011, O. P. Sharma, Be a Winner, →ISBN:Thus, it is wise to avoid cultivating an emotional scar, as it can play havoc with your happiness and success.
* Any permanent mark resulting from damage.
** 1961, Dorothy Jensen Neal, Captive mountain waters: a story of pipelines and people, page 29:Her age-old weapons, flood and fire, left scars on the canyon which time will never efface.
** 1965 June 4, Johnson, Lyndon B., Howard University Commencement Address‎:But freedom is not enough. You do not wipe away the scars of centuries by saying: Now you are free to go where you want, and do as you desire, and choose the leaders you please. You do not take a person who, for years, has been hobbled by chains and liberate him, bring him up to the starting line of a race and then say, “you are free to compete with all the others,” and still justly believe that you have been completely fair. Thus it is not enough just to open the gates of opportunity. All our citizens must have the ability to walk through those gates.
** 2022 March 23, Paul Bigland, “HS2 is just 'passing through'”, in RAIL, number 953, page 44:There is a real scar on the landscape, but it reminds me exactly of scenes I photographed from the construction of High Speed 1 in Kent and Essex, and of the Norton Bridge flyover in Staffordshire. Scars heal, and the replanting and rewilding that Penny had shown me at Cubbington display the early stages.

##### Synonyms

* cicatrice, cicatrix

##### Derived terms

* fire scar
* leaf scar
* Red Scar
* scar limestone
* scar tissue
* scar tree
* trial of scar

##### Translations
#### Verb

scar (third-person singular simple present scars, present participle scarring, simple past and past participle scarred)
* (transitive) To mark the skin permanently.
** c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:Yet I'll not shed her blood; / Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow.
* (intransitive) To form a scar.
** 1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 157:Iron and coal were the magnets that drew railways to this land of lovely valleys and silent mountains—for such it was a century-and-a-half ago, before man blackened the valleys with the smoke of his forges, scarred the green hills with his shafts and waste-heaps, and drove the salmon from the quiet Rhondda and the murmuring Taff.
** 2002, Zadie Smith, The Autograph Man, Penguin Books (2003), page 161:And black skin scars badly. Whatʼs left behind stays pink and angry, always.
* (transitive, figurative) To affect deeply in a traumatic manner.
    Seeing his parents die in a car crash scarred him for life.

##### Derived terms

* battle-scarred

##### Translations
#### See also

* birthmark

### Etymology 2

From Middle English scarre, skarr, skerre, sker, a borrowing from Old Norse sker (“an isolated rock in the sea; skerry”). Cognate with Icelandic sker, Norwegian skjær, Swedish skär, Danish skær, German Schäre. Doublet of skerry and scaur.

#### Noun

scar (plural scars)
* A cliff or rock outcrop.
** 1847, Tennyson, “The Bugle Song”, in The Princess:O hark, O hear! how thin and clear, / ⁠And thinner, clearer, farther going! / O sweet and far from cliff and scar / ⁠The horns of Elfland faintly blowing!
** 1954, William Golding, chapter 1, in Lord of the Flies, Penguin:All round him the long scar smashed into the jungle was a bath of heat. He was clambering heavily among the creepers and broken trunks when a bird, a vision of red and yellow, flashed upwards with a witch-like cry; and this cry was echoed by another. “Hi!” it said. “Wait a minute!” The undergrowth at the side of the scar was shaken and a multitude of raindrops fell pattering.
* A rock in the sea breaking out from the surface of the water.
* A bare rocky place on the side of a hill or mountain.

##### Derived terms

* Preston-under-Scar

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 3

From Latin scarus (“a kind of fish”), from Ancient Greek σκάρος (skáros, “parrot wrasse, Sparisoma cretense, syn. Scarus cretensis”).

#### Noun

scar (plural scars)
* A marine food fish, the scarus or parrotfish (family Scaridae).

### References

* “scar”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* “scar”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

### Anagrams

* CRAs, RACs, arcs, ascr., cars, csar, sacr-, sarc-

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish scaraid, from Proto-Celtic *skarati, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈskaɾˠ/

### Verb

scar (present analytic scarann, future analytic scarfaidh, verbal noun scaradh, past participle scartha)
* (transitive) sever
* (transitive) separate
    Synonyms: dealaigh, deighil
** 1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 194:Do bhí brón mór air a bheith ag scaramhaint le n-a chailín ach ni raibh leigheas air, chaithfeadh sé imtheacht.He was very sorry to be separating from his girl, but it couldn’t be helped, he had to go.
* (transitive) tear asunder

#### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | scaraim | scarann tú; scarair$^†$ | scarann sé, sí | scaraimid | scarann sibh | scarann siad; scaraid$^†$ | a scarann; a scaras | scartar |
| indicative | past | scar mé; scaras | scar tú; scarais | scar sé, sí | scaramar; scar muid | scar sibh; scarabhair | scar siad; scaradar | a scar / ar scar* | scaradh |
| indicative | past habitual | scarainn | scartá | scaradh sé, sí | scaraimis; scaradh muid | scaradh sibh | scaraidís; scaradh siad | a scaradh / a scaradh* | scartaí |
| future | future | scarfaidh mé; scarfad | scarfaidh tú; scarfair$^†$ | scarfaidh sé, sí | scarfaimid; scarfaidh muid | scarfaidh sibh | scarfaidh siad; scarfaid$^†$ | a scarfaidh; a scarfas | scarfar |
| conditional | conditional | scarfainn | scarfá | scarfadh sé, sí | scarfaimis; scarfadh muid | scarfadh sibh | scarfaidís; scarfadh siad | a scarfadh / a scarfadh* | scarfaí |
| subjunctive | present | go scara mé; go scarad$^†$ | go scara tú; go scarair$^†$ | go scara sé, sí | go scaraimid; go scara muid | go scara sibh | go scara siad; go scaraid$^†$ | — | go scartar |
| subjunctive | past | dá scarainn | dá scartá | dá scaradh sé, sí | dá scaraimis; dá scaradh muid | dá scaradh sibh | dá scaraidís; dá scaradh siad | — | dá scartaí |
| imperative | imperative | scaraim | scar | scaradh sé, sí | scaraimis | scaraigí; scaraidh$^†$ | scaraidís | — | scartar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | scaradh | scaradh | scaradh | scaradh | scaradh | scaradh | scaradh | scaradh |
| past participle | past participle | scartha | scartha | scartha | scartha | scartha | scartha | scartha | scartha |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form
* Alternative verbal noun: scarúint (Munster)

#### Derived terms

* soscartha (“easily separated; isolable”, adjective)

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “scaraid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “scaraim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 602
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “scar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* “scar”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
* “scar”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* ·scart

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [skar]

### Verb

·scar
* third-person singular preterite conjunct of scaraid

## Tarifit
### Alternative forms

* skar

### Etymology

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic سكر (skar).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Verb

scar (Tifinagh spelling ⵙⵛⴰⵔ)
* (intransitive) to get drunk, to get intoxicated

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Related terms

* ssetcaret, ssekra (“drunkness”)
* askarji (“drunkard”)