OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Němka
## Czech
### Etymology

From Němec +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɲɛmka]
* Rhymes: -ɛmka

### Noun

Němka f (male equivalent Němec)
* female German (female person)

#### Related terms

* němčina
* Němec
* Německo
* německý

### Further reading

* “Němka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “Němka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# radlice
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech radlicě. By surface analysis, rádlo +‎ -ice.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈradlɪt͡sɛ]

### Noun

radlice f
* ploughshare, plowshare
    Synonym: lemeš

#### Derived terms

* radlicový
* víceradlicový
* radlička

### Further reading

* “radlice”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “radlice”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “radlice”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raˈdli.t͡sɛ/
* Rhymes: -it͡sɛ
* Syllabification: ra‧dli‧ce
* Homophones: Radlice, radlicę

### Noun

radlice f
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of radlica
# sisear
## Spanish
### Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /siseˈaɾ/ [si.seˈaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: si‧se‧ar

### Verb

sisear (first-person singular present siseo, first-person singular preterite siseé, past participle siseado)
* to hiss

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

#### Derived terms

* siseo

### Further reading

* “sisear”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# amazonka
## Polish
### Etymology

From Amazonka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.maˈzɔn.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔnka
* Syllabification: a‧ma‧zon‧ka
* Homophone: Amazonka

### Noun

amazonka f
* (literary) horsewoman (woman who rides horses and practices equestrianism)
* (literary) riding habit, riding robe (outfit for horseback riding)
    Synonyms: kawalerka, myśliczek
* amazon parrot (any New World parrot of the genus Amazona)
* woman who has undergone surgery for amputation of one or both breasts due to cancer

#### Related terms

* amazoński
* Amazonia
* amazonit
* Amazonka

### Further reading

* amazonka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* amazonka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# ခန္ဓာငါးပါး
## Burmese
### Etymology

ခန္ဓာ (hkandha, “aggregates”) +‎ ငါး (nga:, “five”) +‎ ပါး (pa:). Calque of Pali pañcakkhandhā.

### Pronunciation

* Phonetic respelling: ခနဓာငါးဗား
* IPA: /kʰàɴdàŋábá/
* Romanization: MLCTS: hkandha-nga:pa: • ALA-LC: khandhāṅāʺpāʺ • BGN/PCGN: hkanda-nga:ba: • Okell: hkañdangàpà

### Noun

ခန္ဓာငါးပါး • (hkandha-nga:pa:)
* (Buddhism) five aggregates (skandha) embodying a being, i.e., form, sensation, cognition, mental formation, and consciousness

#### Hyponyms

* ရူပ (rupa.)
* ဝိညာဉ် (wi.nyany)
* ဝေဒန (weda.na.)
* သင်္ခါရ (sanghkara.)
* သညာ (sa.nya)

### References

* “ခန္ဓာငါးပါး” in Myanmar–English Dictionary (Myanmar Language Commission 1993). Searchable online at SEAlang.net.
# triturar
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin trītūrāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [tɾi.tuˈɾa]
* IPA: (Valencia) [tɾi.tuˈɾaɾ]

### Verb

triturar (first-person singular present trituro, first-person singular preterite triturí, past participle triturat)
* (transitive) to grind; to shred

#### Related terms

* trituració
* triturador

### Further reading

* “triturar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “triturar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “triturar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “triturar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin trītūrāre.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /tɾi.tuˈɾa(ʁ)/ [tɾi.tuˈɾa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /tɾi.tuˈɾa(ʁ)/ [tɾi.tuˈɾa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /tɾi.tuˈɾa(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /tɾi.tuˈɾa(ʁ)/ [tɾi.tuˈɾa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /tɾi.tuˈɾa(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /tɾi.tuˈɾaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /tɾi.tuˈɾaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /tɾi.tuˈɾa.ɾi/

### Verb

triturar (first-person singular present trituro, first-person singular preterite triturei, past participle triturado)
* to grind, to crush, to triturate

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Derived terms

* triturador

### Further reading

* “triturar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin trītūrāre. Cognate with English triturate.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɾituˈɾaɾ/ [t̪ɾi.t̪uˈɾaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: tri‧tu‧rar

### Verb

triturar (first-person singular present trituro, first-person singular preterite trituré, past participle triturado)
* (transitive) to grind
    Synonyms: moler, esmerilar
* (transitive) to crush (food), to mince
    Synonym: picar
* (transitive) to shred (paper)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* triturador
* trituradora

#### Related terms

* trituración

### Further reading

* “triturar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# laas
## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch laatste.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

laas
* last; last time
    Ek het jou laas twee jaar terug gesien!Last time I saw you was two years ago!
* ago; in the past
    Ek het jou twee jaar laas gesien!I saw you two years ago! / I haven't seen in you two years!

#### Related terms

* laaste

## Belizean Creole
### Etymology 1
#### Adjective

laas
* last

#### Determiner

laas
* last

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

laas
* lose

### References

* Crosbie, Paul, ed. (2007), Kriol-Inglish Dikshineri: English-Kriol Dictionary. Belize City: Belize Kriol Project, p. 206.

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /laˈʔas/ [lɐˈʔas] (adjective)
*** Rhymes: -as
** IPA: /ˈlaʔas/ [ˈlaː.ʔɐs] (noun)
*** Rhymes: -aʔas
* Syllabification: la‧as

### Adjective

laás (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜀᜐ᜔)
* cracked; split (of wood)

### Noun

laas (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜀᜐ᜔)
* small crack; small split (in wood)

### Further reading

* “laas”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* asal, alsa, alas, sala, lasa

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English lawe, from Old English lagu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /laːz/

### Noun

laas
* laws
** 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 16-18:y'ast, bie ractzom o'honde, ee-delt t'ouz ye laas ee-mate var ercha vassale, ne'er dwythen na dicke waie nar dicka.you have with impartial hand ministered the laws made for every subject, without regard to this party or that.

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 114

## Yurok
### Alternative forms

* la·s

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /laːʂ/

### Noun

laas
* road
# uzda
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech uzda, from Proto-Slavic *uzda.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈuzda]

### Noun

uzda f
* bridle (headgear with which a horse is directed and which carries a bit and reins)

#### Derived terms

* bezuzdný

### Further reading

* “uzda”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “uzda”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish uzda, from Proto-Slavic *uzda.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈuz.da/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uzda
* Syllabification: uz‧da

### Noun

uzda f (diminutive uzdeczka)
* bridle (headgear with which a horse is directed)
    Synonym: ogłowie

#### Declension
### Further reading

* uzda in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* uzda in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *uzda.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ǔːzda/
* Hyphenation: uz‧da

### Noun

úzda f (Cyrillic spelling у́зда)
* (usually in the plural) bridle, rein

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “uzda”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# anho
## Kabuverdianu
### Etymology

From Portuguese você.

### Pronoun

anho
* yours, second person

## Mbyá Guaraní
### Adverb

anho
* only

## Mirandese
### Etymology

From Old Leonese, from Latin annus.

### Noun

anho m (plural anhos)
* year

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin agnus (“lamb”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós. Cognate with Galician año.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɐ̃.ɲu/ [ˈɐ̃.j̃u]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɐ̃.ɲu/ [ˈɐ̃.j̃u]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈɐ.ɲo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈɐ.ɲu/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈɐ.ɲu/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ˈa.ɲu/
* Rhymes: -ɐɲu

### Noun

anho m (plural anhos)
* lamb (young sheep)
    Synonym: cordeiro

#### Related terms

* Agnus Dei

### See also

* ovelha

### Further reading

* “anho”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “anho”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
# enlazar
## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin illaqueāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /enlaˈθaɾ/ [ẽn.laˈθaɾ]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /enlaˈsaɾ/ [ẽn.laˈsaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: en‧la‧zar

### Verb

enlazar (first-person singular present enlazo, first-person singular preterite enlacé, past participle enlazado)
* to link
    Synonym: linquear

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* enlace
* enlazamiento

#### Related terms

* lazo

### Further reading

* “enlazar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# babes
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /beɪbz/
* Rhymes: -eɪbz
* Audio (US):(file)

### Etymology 1

From babe +‎ -s (plural suffix).

#### Noun

babes
* plural of babe

### Etymology 2

From babe +‎ -s (hypocoristic suffix).

#### Noun

babes
* Alternative form of babe (“as a term of endearment to a loved one”)
    Are you all right, babes?

### Anagrams

* Sebba, abbes, abbés

## Galician
### Verb

babes
* second-person singular present subjunctive of babar

## Grenadian Creole English
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

### Noun

babes
* beard

#### Collocations

* scate someone's babes (“to embarrass someone”)

### References

* Chase, Thomas R., Chase, Zarah A. (2018) Abridged Handbook of Grenadian Creole English and French Names, AuthorHouse, →ISBN

## Maranao
### Verb

babes
* to practice, to drill
* to be experienced

## Middle English
### Noun

babes
* plural of babe

## Portuguese
### Verb

babes
* second-person singular present subjunctive of babar
# asekurantka
## Polish
### Etymology

From asekurant +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.sɛ.kuˈrant.ka/
* Rhymes: -antka
* Syllabification: a‧se‧ku‧rant‧ka

### Noun

asekurantka f (male equivalent asekurant)
* (literary, derogatory) female equivalent of asekurant (“overcautious person”)
    Antonym: ryzykantka
* (weightlifting, gymnastics, climbing, literary) female equivalent of asekurant (“spotter”)
    Synonym: asekuratorka

#### Related terms

* asekuracyjny
* asekurancki
* asekuracyjnie
* asekurancko
* asekuracja
* asekuranctwo
* asekurantyzm
* asekurator
* asekuratorka
* asekurować
* zaasekurować

### Further reading

* asekurantka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* asekurantka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# percuss
## English
### Etymology

From Latin percussus, past participle of percutiō (“strike, beat”), from per (“through”) + quatiō (“shake, strike”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /pəˈkʌs/, [pəˈkʰʌs]
* (General American) IPA: /pɚˈkʌs/, [pɚˈkʰʌs]
* Rhymes: -ʌs
* Hyphenation: per‧cuss

### Verb

percuss (third-person singular simple present percusses, present participle percussing, simple past and past participle percussed)
* (transitive) To strike; to hit; to knock; to give a blow to.
    Solid bodies, if they be very softly percussed, give no sound.
** c. 1619, John Ford (formerly attributed to Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher), The Laws of Candy, [Act II, Scene i], page 304:
    Give me thy hand Gonzalo, thou art in our favour, / For we do love to cheriſh lofty ſpirits, / Such as percuſſe the Earth, and bound / With an erected countenance to the clouds.
* (intransitive) To impact.
    Falling on the roof of the caravan, the hailstones percussed noisily.
* (transitive, chiefly medicine) To attempt to divine the location or other quality of something by tapping on (an overlying surface).
    The doctor percussed his chest to determine whether he had pneumonia.
** 2016, Susan F. Wilson, Jean Foret Giddens, Health Assessment for Nursing Practice, Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 259:PERCUSS the abdomen for tones. Percuss the abdomen when you suspect distention, fluid, or solid masses. Procedure: See Chapter 3 for the procedures for percussion. Percuss all quadrants for tones, using indirect percussion to assess density of abdominal contents (Fig. 13-11). Percuss in each quadrant for tympany and dullness. FIG. 13-11 Systematic Route for Abdominal Percussion.
* (transitive, chiefly medicine) To attempt to divine the location or other quality of (something) by tapping on an overlying surface.
    Percussing a patient's spleen is best done while he is on his back.
** 2007, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Emergency Nursing Made Incredibly Easy!, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN:As you percuss the kidneys, check for pain or tenderness, behind other organs which suggests a kidney infection. Remember to percuss both sides of the body to assess both kidneys.

#### Related terms

* percussant
* percussion
* percussive

#### References

* John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “percuss”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

### Further reading

* “percuss”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* “percuss”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
* “percuss”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* cuspers, spruces
# lassus
## English
### Noun

lassus
* plural of lassu

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lh₁d-to-s, verbal adjective from the root *leh₁d- (“to be tired”) +‎ *-tós. Compare Proto-Germanic *lataz (“slow, lazy”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈlas.sus/, [ˈɫ̪äs̠ːʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈlas.sus/, [ˈläsːus]

### Adjective

lassus (feminine lassa, neuter lassum, comparative lassior, superlative lassissimus); first/second-declension adjective
* weary, faint, tired
* exhausted, used up

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Derived terms

* lassescō
* lassitūdō
* lassō
* lassulus

#### Related terms

* lēnis (“soft”)
* lētum (“death, ruin”)

#### Descendants

* Catalan: llas, las
* French: las
* Galician: laso
* Italian: lasso
* Portuguese: lasso
* Spanish: laso

### References

* ↑ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “lē(i)-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 666
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “lassus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 328–329

### Further reading

* “lassus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “lassus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* lassus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* lassus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “lassus”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

## Middle French
### Etymology

Old French lassus, from la (“there”) +‎ sus (“upon; on top of”).

### Preposition

lassus
* up there

### References

* lassus on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)
* Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (lassus)
# espose
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /esˈpo.ze/
* Rhymes: -oze
* Hyphenation: es‧pó‧se

### Verb

espose
* third-person singular past historic of esporre

### References

* ↑ esporre in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* apouse
* espeusse
* esposse
* espouse
* euspeuse
* espuse

### Etymology

Feminine of espos. From Latin spōnsa.

### Noun

espose oblique singular, f (oblique plural esposes, nominative singular espose, nominative plural esposes)
* wife (female spouse)

#### Descendants

* French: épouse f
* Anglo-Norman: espuse f
** → Middle English: spous, spouse
*** English: spouse

## Portuguese
### Verb

espose
* inflection of esposar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Spanish
### Verb

espose
* inflection of esposar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
# ahorcado
## Spanish
### Etymology

From ahorcar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aoɾˈkado/ [a.oɾˈka.ð̞o]
* Rhymes: -ado
* Syllabification: a‧hor‧ca‧do

### Noun

ahorcado m (plural ahorcados)
* hanged person
* hangman (word game)

#### Derived terms

* mentar la soga en casa del ahorcado

### Participle

ahorcado (feminine ahorcada, masculine plural ahorcados, feminine plural ahorcadas)
* past participle of ahorcar

### Further reading

* “ahorcado”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# zapatear
## Spanish
### Etymology

From zapato (“shoe”) +‎ -ear.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /θapateˈaɾ/ [θa.pa.t̪eˈaɾ]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /sapateˈaɾ/ [sa.pa.t̪eˈaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: za‧pa‧te‧ar

### Verb

zapatear (first-person singular present zapateo, first-person singular preterite zapateé, past participle zapateado)
* (transitive) to kick
* (transitive) to stomp
* (transitive) to give the boot; to dismiss

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* zapateo

### Further reading

* “zapatear”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# podstata
## Czech
### Etymology

From pod- +‎ stát.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpotstata]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

podstata f
* essence, essential, substance (fundamental ingredient; essential part of anything)
* foundation (that upon which anything is founded)

#### Related terms

* podstatný

### Further reading

* “podstata”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “podstata”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “podstata”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# stubborn
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English stiborne, stibourne, stoburn, stoburne, styburne, stiborn. Origin uncertain.
One theory is that the origin may come from *stybor, *stibor, from Old English stybb (“a stump, stub”) + adj. formative -or as in Old English bitor, English bitter.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈstʌbɚn/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈstʌbən/
* (Northern England) IPA: /ˈstʊbən/
** Audio (UK):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌbə(ɹ)n
* Hyphenation: stub‧born

### Adjective

stubborn (comparative stubborner, superlative stubbornest)
* Refusing to move or to change one's opinion; obstinate; firmly resisting; persistent in doing something.
    He is pretty stubborn about his political beliefs, so why bother arguing?
    Blood can make a very stubborn stain on fabrics if not washed properly.
* Of materials: physically stiff and inflexible; not easily melted or worked.

#### Synonyms

* willful, headstrong, wayward, obstinate, obdurate, contrary, disobedient, insubordinate, undisciplined, adamant, unyielding, rebellious
* See also Thesaurus:obstinate, perseverant, persistent, enduring

#### Derived terms

* stubborn as a mule
* stubbornly
* stubbornness
* stubborn up

#### Translations
### Noun

stubborn (uncountable)
* (informal) Stubbornness.
** 2003, Dana Stabenow, A Grave Denied, →ISBN, page 86:But I have to say that one thing you inherited from your mother is a whole lot of stubborn.
** 2014, Victoria Hamilton, Muffin But Murder, →ISBN:That takes a lot of stubborn for a seventy-something man.
** 2016, Ken Robert Baugh, Just Passing Time, →ISBN:Stubborn is not eating pizza out of a square pan because you know it won't taste as good as a round one. Stubborn is spending twelve thousand dollars to fix a five-hundred-dollar truck just because it's “your baby.”
* Short for stubborn disease (“a disease of citrus trees”).
** 1967, Walter Reuther, The Citrus Industry, Volume IV, →ISBN, page 129:With evidence that the causal agent of stubborn is spread by insects, control or prevention of this disease will prove more difficult than formerly thought to be.
** 2012, Vincenzo Vacante, Uri Gerson, Integrated Control of Citrus Pests in the Mediterranean Region, →ISBN:Sectorial infection of stubborn could be stable for long periods, but may be manifested once the trees are severely pruned, this causing the system spread of S. citri to other non-infected parts.

### Further reading

* “stubborn”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* “stubborn”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
* “stubborn”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
# yllättää
## Finnish
### Etymology

yltää +‎ -ttää (causative aspect)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈylːætːæːˣ/, [ˈylːæt̪ːæː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ylːætːæː
* Hyphenation: yl‧lät‧tää

### Verb

yllättää
* (transitive) to surprise, astonish, take unawares/by surprise
* (transitive) to catch in the act/red-handed [with elative ‘of’; or with elative of third infinitive ‘doing’]

#### Derived terms

* ylläkkö
* yllättäjä
* yllättäminen
* yllätys
* yllättyä

### Further reading

* “yllättää”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04