OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# գաւազան
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

From Middle Iranian *gāwāzan (“spiked stick used for driving oxen”). Compare Classical Persian گوازه (gawāza), گاوزنه (gâwzana), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬰𐬀 (gauuāza, “ox-goad”). See the Persian for more.

### Noun

գաւազան • (gawazan)
* stick for driving animals
* cudgel for beating men
* blow, beating; punishment
* wand; rod; staff
    գաւազան իշխանութեան ― gawazan išxanutʻean ― scepter
    գաւազան եպիսկոպոսական ― gawazan episkoposakan ― crosier
* (figuratively) power, authority
* the diocese overseen by a bishop
* sprig, shoot, twig (of a tree)
* stock, lineage
* each color-stripe of the rainbow

#### Derived terms

* գաւազանաբուղխ (gawazanabułx)
* գաւազանահար (gawazanahar)
* գաւազանահերձ (gawazanaherj)
* գաւազանահմայութիւն (gawazanahmayutʻiwn)
* գաւազանաձեւ (gawazanajew)
* գաւազանասաստ (gawazanasast)
* գաւազանաւոր (gawazanawor)
* գաւազանեմ (gawazanem)
* գաւազաներգութիւն (gawazanergutʻiwn)

#### Related terms

* խարազան (xarazan)
* կով (kov)
* ածեմ (acem)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: գավազան (gavazan)
** → Udi: [script needed] (käväzän, “(ecclesiastical) wand, staff”)
** Kurdish:
    → Northern Kurdish: kevezan

### Further reading

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “գաւազան”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “գաւազան”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “գաւազան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, pages 525–526
# πίτυρον
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

The formation is like λέπυρον (lépuron), but without a certain explanation. It has been connected to Latin putus (“pure”), Sanskrit पूत (pūtá, “cleansed”) and Proto-Germanic *faujaną (“to sift”), but this is highly unlikely. Note the synonymous glosses πήτεα (pḗtea), πητῖται (pētîtai) which are connected with πῆν (pên). Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin in view of the suffix "-ῡρ-".

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pí.tyː.ron/ → /ˈpi.ty.ron/ → /ˈpi.ti.ron/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pí.tyː.ron/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈpi.ty.ron/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈpi.ty.ron/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈpi.ty.ron/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈpi.ti.ron/

### Noun

πίτῡρον • (pítūron) n (genitive πῐτῡ́ρου); second declension
* (in the plural) husks of corn, bran
* (pathology) bran-like eruption on the skin, especially dandruff, scurf
* bran-like sediment in urine

#### Synonyms

* ἄχυρον (ákhuron)

#### Derived terms

* πιτυρίας (piturías)
* πιτυρίασις (pituríasis)
* πιτυρίζω (piturízō)
* πιτυρίς (piturís)
* πιτύρισμα (pitúrisma)
* πιτυρίτης (piturítēs)
* πιτυροειδής (pituroeidḗs)
* πιτυρόομαι (pituróomai)
* πιτυρώδης (piturṓdēs)

#### Descendants

* Greek: πίτουρο (pítouro)

### Further reading

* “πίτυρον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* πίτυρον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# rapi
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* rapih (nonstandard)

### Etymology

Inherited from Malay rapi. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈrapi/ [ˈra.pi]
* Rhymes: -api
* Syllabification: ra‧pi

### Adjective

rapi (comparative lebih rapi, superlative terapi, equative serapi)
* tidy
** arranged neatly and in order
** not messy and controlled
* neat (clean; free from dirt or impurities)

#### Derived terms

* kerapian
* perapi
* rapikan
* terapi

### Further reading

* “rapi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈra.pi/
* Rhymes: -api
* Hyphenation: rà‧pi

### Verb

rapi
* inflection of rapare:
** second-person singular present indicative
** first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* IRAP, apri, aprì, arpi, pari, pira, pria, ripa

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈra.piː/, [ˈräpiː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈra.pi/, [ˈräːpi]

### Verb

rapī
* present passive infinitive of rapiō

## Lindu
### Noun

rapi
* twin

## Quechua
### Noun

rapi
* Alternative spelling of raphi

#### Declension
## Ternate
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɾa.pi]

### Noun

rapi
* a sarong
    Synonym: sopa

### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
# dewberry
## English
### Etymology

From dew +‎ berry.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈdjuː.b(ə.)ɹi/, /ˈd͡ʒuː.b(ə.)ɹi/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US, Canada) IPA: /ˈduˌbɛɹ.i/
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒʉː.b(ə.)ɹi/

### Noun

dewberry (plural dewberries)
* Small brambles of the genus Rubus which have stems that trail along the ground.
** European dewberry, Rubus caesius.
** American dewberry, species of Rubus sect. Flagellares
* The purple to black berries of these plants.

#### Derived terms

* California dewberry
* Enslen's dewberry
* Pacific dewberry
* Young dewberry
# badai
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay badai, from Tamil வாடை (vāṭai, “wind, north wind, chill wind”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbad̪ai̯]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ba‧dai

### Noun

badai (plural badai-badai)
* (meteorology) storm
    Synonym: ribut (Standard Malay)

#### Derived terms

* berbadai
* membadai
* badai debu
* badai elektrik
* badai es
* badai fohn
* badai guntur
* badai guntur fron
* badai guntur fron dingin
* badai guntur konvektif
* badai guntur lataan
* badai guntur paras tinggi
* badai guntur perenggan
* badai hujan
* badai matahari
* badai meteor
* badai perak
* badai salju
* badai tropis

#### Related terms

* bad
* balabad

### Adjective

badai
* (slang) fantastic, cool, amazing

### Further reading

* “badai” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Verb

badai
* first-person singular past historic of badare

### Anagrams

* Abdia, badia, biada
# તુર્ક
## Gujarati
### Alternative forms

* તુરક (turak)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ترک (turk), ultimately from Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ür²k̥ /⁠türük⁠/). First attested as Old Gujarati तुरक (turaka). Doublet of તુરુષ્ક (turuṣk).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈt̪uɾk/

### Adjective

તુર્ક • (turk)
* Turkic

### Noun

તુર્ક • (turk) m (feminine તુર્કિન)
* A person from Turkey or of Turkish ethnic descent.
* (historical, derogatory) Muslim; a Muslim soldier

#### Derived terms

* તુર્કતાઝ (turkatājh)
* તુર્કસ્તાન (turkastān)
* તુર્કસ્નાન (turkasnān)
* તુર્કી (turkī)

#### Related terms

* તુર્કમાન (turkamān)
# impunto
## Italian
### Verb

impunto
* first-person singular present indicative of impuntare

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish en punto.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔimˈpunto/ [ʔɪmˈpun̪.t̪o]
* Rhymes: -unto
* Syllabification: im‧pun‧to

### Adverb

impunto (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)
* exactly; on the dot; sharp (of time)
    Synonym: ganap

#### Related terms

* punto
# пухати
## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* пу́вати (Bosnia, Serbia)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *puxati.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pǔːxati/
* Hyphenation: пу‧ха‧ти

### Verb

пу́хати impf (Latin spelling púhati) (Croatia)
* (intransitive) to blow
* (intransitive) to puff, pant
* (intransitive) to wheeze

#### Derived terms

* запу́хати
* испу́хати
* напу́хати
* пропу́хати
* распу́хати

#### Related terms

* пу́хнути pf

### Further reading

* “пухати”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# βόστρυχος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Unknown but perhaps of Pre-Greek origin. Often connected with βότρυς (bótrus, “bunch of grapes”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bós.try.kʰos/ → /ˈβos.try.xos/ → /ˈvos.tri.xos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /bós.try.kʰos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈbos.try.kʰos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈβos.try.xos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈvos.try.xos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈvos.tri.xos/

### Noun

βόστρῠχος • (bóstrŭkhos) m (genitive βοστρύχου); second declension
* curl, lock of hair
* anything twisted or wreathed
* tendril
* ornament
* male of the glowworm
* (in the plural) seaweed

#### Derived terms

* βοστρυχηδόν (bostrukhēdón)
* βοστρυχίζω (bostrukhízō)
* βοστρύχιον (bostrúkhion)
* βοστρυχίτης (bostrukhítēs)
* βοστρυχοειδής (bostrukhoeidḗs)
* βοστρυχώδης (bostrukhṓdēs)

#### Descendants

* → Translingual: Bostrichus

### Further reading

* “βόστρυχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* βόστρυχος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* βόστρυχος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# вкидати
## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* укида́ти (ukydáty)

### Etymology

From вкид- (vkyd-) +‎ -а́ти (-áty). Compare Belarusian укіда́ць (ukidácʹ), Russian вки́дывать (vkídyvatʹ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʍkeˈdate]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

вкида́ти • (vkydáty) impf (perfective вки́нути)
* (transitive) to throw in (to cast towards the inside of something)

#### Derived terms

* вкида́ння n (vkydánnja)
* вкида́тися impf (vkydátysja)

### References

* Rusanivskyi, V. M., editor (2012), “вкидати”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 3 (відстава́ння – ґура́льня), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* “вкидати”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970), “вкидати”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1 (А – В), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 695
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “вкидати”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “вкидати”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “вкидати”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “вкидати”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# સબજી
## Gujarati
### Alternative forms

* સબઝી (sabjhī)
* સબ્જી (sabjī), સબ્ઝી (sabjhī)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سبزی (sabzī).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈsəb.d͡ʒi/

### Noun

સબજી • (sabjī) f
* vegetable
* greenness
* hemp
    Synonym: ગાંજો (gā̃jo)

#### Derived terms

* સબજીમંડી (sabjīmaṇḍī)
# பாத்தி
## Tamil
### Etymology

From பாத்து (pāttu). Cognate to Kannada ಪಾತಿ (pāti) and Malayalam പാത്തി (pātti).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /paːt̪ːɪ/, [paːt̪ːi]

### Noun

பாத்தி • (pātti)
* division, section, classification
    Synonym: பகுதி (pakuti)
* parterre, pan, small field
    Synonym: சிறுசெய் (ciṟucey)
* (Kongu) part, portion, share
    Synonym: பங்கு (paṅku)
* house, dwelling, abode
    Synonym: வீடு (vīṭu)

#### Derived terms

* பாத்திகட்டு (pāttikaṭṭu)
* பாத்திகோலு (pāttikōlu)
* பாத்திப்படுத்து (pāttippaṭuttu)

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “பாத்தி”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# οὐτάω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Morphologically and etymologically unclear. Often connected with ὠτειλή (ōteilḗ, “fresh wound”) and with ἀάω (aáō, “to hurt, damage”). Already Karl Meister thought it of Pre-Greek origin, which seems to be the best solution, by the interpretation of ὠτειλή (ōteilḗ) as a variant.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uː.tá.ɔː/ → /uˈta.o/ → /uˈta.o/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /uː.tá.ɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /uˈta.o/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /uˈta.o/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /uˈta.o/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /uˈta.o/

### Verb

οὐτᾰ́ω • (outắō)
* to stab, hit, wound

#### Derived terms

* ἀνούτᾰτος (anoútătos)
* ἄουτος (áoutos)
* νεούτᾰτος (neoútătos)

### References

* ↑ Karl Meister, Die homerische Kunstsprache, 1921, p. 229

### Further reading

* οὐτάζω and “οὐτάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “οὐτάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “οὐτάω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* οὐτάω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* οὐτάζω and οὐτάω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# σανδαράκη
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́χη (săndărắkhē)

### Etymology

Long taken to be an Oriental loanword from an unknown source; Akkadian 𒅆𒅎𒌈 (ši-im-tum /⁠šindu, simṭu, šimtu⁠/, “pigment, paint, glue, varnish”) + Akkadian 𒅊 (ar-qu /⁠arqu, warqu, barqu, irqu⁠/, “yellow”), as Akkadian 𒅆𒅎𒌈 𒅊 (/⁠šindu arqu⁠/, “orpiment”, literally “yellow paint”) suggested already by Thompson is possible, but not specifically attested. Beekes does not dismiss a Pre-Greek origin, in view of the variation "κ/χ".
Has been connected with the synonymous Middle Armenian ջնարակ (ǰnarak).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /san.da.rá.kɛː/ → /san.daˈra.ci/ → /san.daˈra.ci/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /san.da.rá.kɛː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /san.daˈra.ke̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /san.daˈra.ci/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /san.daˈra.ci/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /san.daˈra.ci/

### Noun

σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη • (săndărắkē) f (genitive σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης); first declension
* sandarac, realgar
* red orpiment
* beebread
    Synonyms: ἐρῐθᾰ́κη (erĭthắkē), κήρῐνθος (kḗrĭnthos)

#### Derived terms

* σᾰνδᾰρᾰκῐ́ζω (săndărăkĭ́zō)
* σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κῐνος (săndărắkĭnos)
* σᾰνδᾰρᾰκούργῐον (săndărăkoúrgĭon)

#### Descendants

* → Aramaic:
    Classical Mandaic: ࡎࡉࡍࡃࡉࡓࡊࡀ
    Classical Syriac: ܣܢܕܪܟܐ, ܣܢܕܪܟܝܣ, ܣܢܕܪܟܝܢ, ܣܢܕܪܟܘܣ, ܣܢܕܪܝܫܐ, ܣܢܕܪܘܣ
    Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סַנְדּרוֹס (sandarōs)
** → Arabic: سَنْدَرُوس (sandarūs), سِنْدَلُوس (sindalūs)
*** → Middle Armenian: սանդարօս (sandarōs), սանդարաս (sandaras), սանտարօս (santarōs)
*** → Persian: سندروس (sandrus)
*** → Swahili: sandarusi
* → Greek: σανδαράχη (sandaráchi) (learned)
* → Mishnaic Hebrew: סַנְדּרוֹס (sandarōs)
* → Latin: sandaraca
** English: sandarac

### Further reading

* “σανδαράκη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “σανδαράκη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* σανδαράκη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σανδαράκη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1305
* “sndrkˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
# folklor
## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

Borrowed from French folklore, from English folklore.

### Noun

folklor
* folklore

#### Declension
### Adjective

folklor
* folkloric

### References

* Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎, Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN
* “folklor”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch folklore, from English folklore.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɔ(l)ʔ.lɔr/
* Rhymes: -lɔr, -ɔr, -r
* Hyphenation: folk‧lor

### Noun

folklor (plural folklor-folklor)
* (literature) folklore: the tales, legends, superstitions and traditions of a particular ethnic population.

#### Alternative forms

* folklore

#### Derived terms

* folklor lisan
* folklor nonlisan

### Further reading

* “folklor” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English folklore.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɔl.klɔr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔlklɔr
* Syllabification: fol‧klor

### Noun

folklor m inan
* folklore

#### Derived terms

* folklorysta
* folklorystka
* folklorystyka
* folkloryzm

#### Related terms

* folklorystyczny
* folklorystycznie

### Further reading

* folklor in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* folklor in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From English folklore.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fǒlkloːr/
* Hyphenation: fol‧klor

### Noun

fòlklōr m (Cyrillic spelling фо̀лкло̄р)
* folklore

#### Derived terms

* fòlklōrnī

## Spanish
### Noun

folklor m (uncountable)
* Alternative spelling of folclor

### Further reading

* “folklor”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Turkish
### Etymology

From French folklore, from English folklore.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔɫk.lɔɾ/

### Noun

folklor (definite accusative folkloru, plural folklorlar)
* folklore

#### Declension
### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “folklor”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* “folklor”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# elgur
## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse elgr, from Proto-Germanic *algiz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛlkʊɹ/

### Noun

elgur m (genitive singular elgs, plural elgar)
* (North America) moose, (British) elk: an animal of the species Alces alces, the largest member of the deer family, Cervidae

#### Derived terms

* elgsdýr

#### Related terms

* reindýr
* hjørtur
* bjørn
* villsvín
* bævur
* úlvur
* geypa
* revur
* hara
* íkorni

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛlkʏr/
* Rhymes: -ɛlkʏr

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse elgr, from Proto-Germanic *algiz.

#### Noun

elgur m (genitive singular elgs or elgjar, nominative plural elgir)
* moose, elk

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

elgur m (genitive singular elgs, no plural)
* slush (mixture of snow and water)

##### Derived terms

* krapaelgur (“wet slush”)
# πτελέα
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* πτελέη (pteléē) — Ionic
* πτελία (ptelía), φτελέα (phteléa), φτελιά (phteliá) — Byzantine

### Etymology

The suffix -έᾱ (-éā) is frequent in tree names, like ἰτέᾱ (itéā, “willow”) and μηλέᾱ (mēléā). The word πτέλας (ptélas, “boar”) is formally close but the semantics are far off. Also Latin populus (“poplar”) cannot be related, since it deviates strongly in form and meaning. Maybe from the same source of Latin tilia (“linden”), Old Armenian թեղի (tʻełi, “elm”), Old Georgian თელაჲ (telay, “elm”). Furnée argues for a Pre-Greek origin and connects it with μελία (melía, “ash tree”). Related to Mycenaean Greek 𐁇𐀩𐀷 (pte-re-wa /⁠*pteléwā⁠/, “~elm”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pte.lé.aː/ → /pteˈle.a/ → /pteˈle.a/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pte.lé.aː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /pteˈle.a/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /pteˈle.a/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /pteˈle.a/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /pteˈle.a/

### Noun

πτελέᾱ • (pteléā) f (genitive πτελέᾱς); first declension
* wych elm (Ulmus glabra)

#### Derived terms

* πτελεάδης (pteleádēs)
* πτελέϊνος (pteléïnos)
* πτελεών (pteleṓn)

#### Descendants

* Greek: φτελιά (fteliá)
* ⇒ Pontic Greek: φτελίδ' (ftelíd')
* →⇒ Old Armenian: պտղի (ptłi)

### Further reading

* “πτελέα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* πτελέα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
* πτελία in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
* φτελέα in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
# bergsonizm
## Polish
### Etymology

Named after French philosopher Henri Bergson + -izm. First attested in 1906.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛrˈksɔ.ɲizm/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔɲizm
* Syllabification: ber‧gso‧nizm

### Noun

bergsonizm m inan
* (philosophy) Bergsonism

#### Derived terms

* bergsonista

### References

* ↑ bergsonizm in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

### Further reading

* bergsonizm in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# lyhentyä
## Finnish
### Etymology

lyhentää +‎ -yä

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlyhentyæˣ/, [ˈlyɦe̞n̪ˌt̪yæ(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -yæ
* Hyphenation: ly‧hen‧tyä

### Verb

lyhentyä
* (intransitive) To shorten.

#### Derived terms

* lyhennyttää
* lyhentyminen
* lyhentymä
* lyhentynyt

### Further reading

* “lyhentyä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From lyhentää (“to shorten”) +‎ -yä.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈlyhentyæ/, [ˈlʲyhe̞nˌtyæ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈlyhentyæ/, [ˈlyhe̞nˌd̥yæ]
* Rhymes: -yæ
* Hyphenation: ly‧hen‧ty‧ä

### Verb

lyhentyä
* (intransitive) to shorten
** 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 9:Samal viisii i pitkä vokala voip eri tapahuksiis lyhentyä ja sil viisii kera laatii poolipitän vokalan.Similarily long vowels, too, can in various situations shorten and this way also create half-long vowels.
# distarch
## English
### Etymology

From di- +‎ starch.

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˈdaɪstɑɹt͡ʃ/
* (UK) IPA: /ˈdaɪstɑːt͡ʃ/

### Adjective

distarch (not comparable)
* (organic chemistry) Of a cross-linked starch.
    Coordinate term: monostarch

#### Derived terms

* acetylated distarch adipate
* phosphated distarch phosphate