# cela
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sɛla]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

cela f
* cell (room in a prison for containing inmates)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “cela”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “cela”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “cela”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## French
### Etymology

By surface analysis, ce +‎ là. See also -là.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sə.la/
* Audio:(file)

### Pronoun

cela m or f
* that
    Antonym: ceci

#### Synonyms

* ça (informal)

#### Derived terms

* c’est cela
* cela étant
* comment cela

### Verb

cela
* third-person singular past historic of celer

### Further reading

* “cela”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* cale, calé
* lace, lacé

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese cela (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cella.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈθɛla̝/

### Noun

cela f (plural celas)
* cell of a grid
* square on a game board
* cell of a panel
    Synonym: favo
* cell, cubicle (in a prison or a monastery)
    Synonym: cuarto
* (archaic) monastery

#### Derived terms

* Cela
* cela unidade
* Celaguantes
* Celanova
* Celas
* Celavente

#### Related terms

* célula

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cela”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “cela”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cela”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cela”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cela”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay cela, from Sanskrit छल (chala).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃə.la/
* Hyphenation: cê‧la

### Noun

cêla
* disgrace

#### Derived terms

* bercela
* celaan
* kecelaan
* mencela
* pencela
* pencelaan
* tercela

### Further reading

* “cela” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃɛ.la/
* Rhymes: -ɛla
* Hyphenation: cè‧la

### Etymology 1

From Hindi चेला (celā).

#### Noun

cela m (invariable)
* chela (pupil)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

cela
* inflection of celare:
** third-person singular present
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* cela in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* alce, cale

## Latin
### Verb

cēlā
* second-person singular present active imperative of cēlō

### References

* cela in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

## Northern Ndebele
### Etymology

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀē (“ask for something”).

### Verb

-céla
* to ask for

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### References

* Louw, J.A. (2013) “The Impact of Khoesan on Southern Bantu”, in Vossen, Rainer, editor, The Khoesan Languages, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 435-444

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀘𑁂𑀮 (Brahmi script)
* चेल (Devanagari script)
* চেল (Bengali script)
* චෙල (Sinhalese script)
* စေလ or ၸေလ (Burmese script)
* เจล or เจละ (Thai script)
* ᨧᩮᩃ (Tai Tham script)
* ເຈລ or ເຈລະ (Lao script)
* ចេល (Khmer script)
* 𑄌𑄬𑄣 (Chakma script)

### Noun

cela n
* cloth
* garment

#### References

* Maung Tin (1920), The Student's Pali-English Dictionary, Rangoon: British Burma Press.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Zelle, from Latin cella.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡sɛ.la/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛla
* Syllabification: ce‧la

### Noun

cela f
* cell (room in a monastery)
* cell (room in a prison for containing inmates)

#### Related terms

* blastocel

### Further reading

* cela in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* cela in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese cela (“cell”), from Latin cella (“small room”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelnā.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɛ.lɐ/
* Hyphenation: ce‧la
* Rhymes: -ɛlɐ
* Homophone: sela

### Noun

cela f (plural celas)
* cell (small room or compartment)
** room in a prison for containing inmates
    Synonyms: jaula, cárcere
** room of a monastery

#### Related terms

* célula

## Serbo-Croatian
### Adjective

cela
* inflection of ceo:
** feminine nominative/vocative singular
** indefinite masculine/neuter genitive singular
** indefinite animate masculine accusative singular
** neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

## Southern Ndebele
### Etymology

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀē (“ask for something”).

### Verb

-céla
* to request

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### References

* Louw, J.A. (2013) “The Impact of Khoesan on Southern Bantu”, in Vossen, Rainer, editor, The Khoesan Languages, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 435-444

## Spanish
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

cela f (plural celas)
* Obsolete spelling of cilla.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

cela f (plural celas)
* Obsolete spelling of celda.

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

cela
* inflection of celar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “cela”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swazi
### Etymology

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀē (“ask for something”).

### Verb

-céla
* to ask for

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### References

* Louw, J.A. (2013) “The Impact of Khoesan on Southern Bantu”, in Vossen, Rainer, editor, The Khoesan Languages, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 435-444

## Xhosa
### Etymology

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀē (“ask for something”).

### Verb

-cêla
* to request

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### References

* Louw, J.A. (2013) “The Impact of Khoesan on Southern Bantu”, in Vossen, Rainer, editor, The Khoesan Languages, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 435-444

## Zulu
### Etymology

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀē (“ask for something”).

### Verb

-céla
* to ask for, to request

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukucela |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukucela | ukungaceli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | cela | -cele |
| Plural | celani | -celeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyacela, ngicela | engicelayo, engicela | ngicela | angiceli | engingaceli | ngingaceli |
| 2nd singular | uyacela, ucela | ocelayo, ocela | ucela | awuceli | ongaceli | ungaceli |
| 1st plural | siyacela, sicela | esicelayo, esicela | sicela | asiceli | esingaceli | singaceli |
| 2nd plural | niyacela, nicela | enicelayo, enicela | nicela | aniceli | eningaceli | ningaceli |
| Class 1 | uyacela, ucela | ocelayo, ocela | ecela | akaceli | ongaceli | engaceli |
| Class 2 | bayacela, bacela | abacelayo, abacela | becela | abaceli | abangaceli | bengaceli |
| Class 3 | uyacela, ucela | ocelayo, ocela | ucela | awuceli | ongaceli | ungaceli |
| Class 4 | iyacela, icela | ecelayo, ecela | icela | ayiceli | engaceli | ingaceli |
| Class 5 | liyacela, licela | elicelayo, elicela | licela | aliceli | elingaceli | lingaceli |
| Class 6 | ayacela, acela | acelayo, acela | ecela | awaceli | angaceli | engaceli |
| Class 7 | siyacela, sicela | esicelayo, esicela | sicela | asiceli | esingaceli | singaceli |
| Class 8 | ziyacela, zicela | ezicelayo, ezicela | zicela | aziceli | ezingaceli | zingaceli |
| Class 9 | iyacela, icela | ecelayo, ecela | icela | ayiceli | engaceli | ingaceli |
| Class 10 | ziyacela, zicela | ezicelayo, ezicela | zicela | aziceli | ezingaceli | zingaceli |
| Class 11 | luyacela, lucela | olucelayo, olucela | lucela | aluceli | olungaceli | lungaceli |
| Class 14 | buyacela, bucela | obucelayo, obucela | bucela | abuceli | obungaceli | bungaceli |
| Class 15 | kuyacela, kucela | okucelayo, okucela | kucela | akuceli | okungaceli | kungaceli |
| Class 17 | kuyacela, kucela | okucelayo, okucela | kucela | akuceli | okungaceli | kungaceli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngicelile, ngicelē | engicelile, engicelē | ngicelile, ngicelē | angicelanga | engingacelanga | ngingacelanga |
| 2nd singular | ucelile, ucelē | ocelile, ocelē | ucelile, ucelē | awucelanga | ongacelanga | ungacelanga |
| 1st plural | sicelile, sicelē | esicelile, esicelē | sicelile, sicelē | asicelanga | esingacelanga | singacelanga |
| 2nd plural | nicelile, nicelē | enicelile, enicelē | nicelile, nicelē | anicelanga | eningacelanga | ningacelanga |
| Class 1 | ucelile, ucelē | ocelile, ocelē | ecelile, ecelē | akacelanga | ongacelanga | engacelanga |
| Class 2 | bacelile, bacelē | abacelile, abacelē | becelile, becelē | abacelanga | abangacelanga | bengacelanga |
| Class 3 | ucelile, ucelē | ocelile, ocelē | ucelile, ucelē | awucelanga | ongacelanga | ungacelanga |
| Class 4 | icelile, icelē | ecelile, ecelē | icelile, icelē | ayicelanga | engacelanga | ingacelanga |
| Class 5 | licelile, licelē | elicelile, elicelē | licelile, licelē | alicelanga | elingacelanga | lingacelanga |
| Class 6 | acelile, acelē | acelile, acelē | ecelile, ecelē | awacelanga | angacelanga | engacelanga |
| Class 7 | sicelile, sicelē | esicelile, esicelē | sicelile, sicelē | asicelanga | esingacelanga | singacelanga |
| Class 8 | zicelile, zicelē | ezicelile, ezicelē | zicelile, zicelē | azicelanga | ezingacelanga | zingacelanga |
| Class 9 | icelile, icelē | ecelile, ecelē | icelile, icelē | ayicelanga | engacelanga | ingacelanga |
| Class 10 | zicelile, zicelē | ezicelile, ezicelē | zicelile, zicelē | azicelanga | ezingacelanga | zingacelanga |
| Class 11 | lucelile, lucelē | olucelile, olucelē | lucelile, lucelē | alucelanga | olungacelanga | lungacelanga |
| Class 14 | bucelile, bucelē | obucelile, obucelē | bucelile, bucelē | abucelanga | obungacelanga | bungacelanga |
| Class 15 | kucelile, kucelē | okucelile, okucelē | kucelile, kucelē | akucelanga | okungacelanga | kungacelanga |
| Class 17 | kucelile, kucelē | okucelile, okucelē | kucelile, kucelē | akucelanga | okungacelanga | kungacelanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngācela | engācela | ngācela | angicelanga | engingacelanga | ngingacelanga |
| 2nd singular | wācela | owācela | wācela | awucelanga | ongacelanga | ungacelanga |
| 1st plural | sācela | esācela | sācela | asicelanga | esingacelanga | singacelanga |
| 2nd plural | nācela | enācela | nācela | anicelanga | eningacelanga | ningacelanga |
| Class 1 | wācela | owācela | ācela | akacelanga | ongacelanga | engacelanga |
| Class 2 | bācela | abācela | bācela | abacelanga | abangacelanga | bengacelanga |
| Class 3 | wācela | owācela | wācela | awucelanga | ongacelanga | ungacelanga |
| Class 4 | yācela | eyācela | yācela | ayicelanga | engacelanga | ingacelanga |
| Class 5 | lācela | elācela | lācela | alicelanga | elingacelanga | lingacelanga |
| Class 6 | ācela | ācela | ācela | awacelanga | angacelanga | engacelanga |
| Class 7 | sācela | esācela | sācela | asicelanga | esingacelanga | singacelanga |
| Class 8 | zācela | ezācela | zācela | azicelanga | ezingacelanga | zingacelanga |
| Class 9 | yācela | eyācela | yācela | ayicelanga | engacelanga | ingacelanga |
| Class 10 | zācela | ezācela | zācela | azicelanga | ezingacelanga | zingacelanga |
| Class 11 | lwācela | olwācela | lwācela | alucelanga | olungacelanga | lungacelanga |
| Class 14 | bācela | obācela | bācela | abucelanga | obungacelanga | bungacelanga |
| Class 15 | kwācela | okwācela | kwācela | akucelanga | okungacelanga | kungacelanga |
| Class 17 | kwācela | okwācela | kwācela | akucelanga | okungacelanga | kungacelanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingacela | — | ngingacela | ngingecele | — | ngingecele |
| 2nd singular | ungacela | — | ungacela | ungecele | — | ungecele |
| 1st plural | singacela | — | singacela | singecele | — | singecele |
| 2nd plural | ningacela | — | ningacela | ningecele | — | ningecele |
| Class 1 | angacela | — | engacela | angecele | — | engecele |
| Class 2 | bangacela | — | bengacela | bangecele | — | bengecele |
| Class 3 | ungacela | — | ungacela | ungecele | — | ungecele |
| Class 4 | ingacela | — | ingacela | ingecele | — | ingecele |
| Class 5 | lingacela | — | lingacela | lingecele | — | lingecele |
| Class 6 | angacela | — | engacela | angecele | — | engecele |
| Class 7 | singacela | — | singacela | singecele | — | singecele |
| Class 8 | zingacela | — | zingacela | zingecele | — | zingecele |
| Class 9 | ingacela | — | ingacela | ingecele | — | ingecele |
| Class 10 | zingacela | — | zingacela | zingecele | — | zingecele |
| Class 11 | lungacela | — | lungacela | lungecele | — | lungecele |
| Class 14 | bungacela | — | bungacela | bungecele | — | bungecele |
| Class 15 | kungacela | — | kungacela | kungecele | — | kungecele |
| Class 17 | kungacela | — | kungacela | kungecele | — | kungecele |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizocela | engizocela | ngizocela | angizucela | engingezucela | ngingezucela |
| 2nd singular | uzocela | ozocela | uzocela | awuzucela | ongezucela | ungezucela |
| 1st plural | sizocela | esizocela | sizocela | asizucela | esingezucela | singezucela |
| 2nd plural | nizocela | enizocela | nizocela | anizucela | eningezucela | ningezucela |
| Class 1 | uzocela | ozocela | ezocela | akazucela | ongezucela | engezucela |
| Class 2 | bazocela | abazocela | bezocela | abazucela | abangezucela | bengezucela |
| Class 3 | uzocela | ozocela | uzocela | awuzucela | ongezucela | ungezucela |
| Class 4 | izocela | ezocela | izocela | ayizucela | engezucela | ingezucela |
| Class 5 | lizocela | elizocela | lizocela | alizucela | elingezucela | lingezucela |
| Class 6 | azocela | azocela | ezocela | awazucela | angezucela | engezucela |
| Class 7 | sizocela | esizocela | sizocela | asizucela | esingezucela | singezucela |
| Class 8 | zizocela | ezizocela | zizocela | azizucela | ezingezucela | zingezucela |
| Class 9 | izocela | ezocela | izocela | ayizucela | engezucela | ingezucela |
| Class 10 | zizocela | ezizocela | zizocela | azizucela | ezingezucela | zingezucela |
| Class 11 | luzocela | oluzocela | luzocela | aluzucela | olungezucela | lungezucela |
| Class 14 | buzocela | obuzocela | buzocela | abuzucela | obungezucela | bungezucela |
| Class 15 | kuzocela | okuzocela | kuzocela | akuzucela | okungezucela | kungezucela |
| Class 17 | kuzocela | okuzocela | kuzocela | akuzucela | okungezucela | kungezucela |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyocela | engiyocela | ngiyocela | angiyucela | engingeyucela | ngingeyucela |
| 2nd singular | uyocela | oyocela | uyocela | awuyucela | ongeyucela | ungeyucela |
| 1st plural | siyocela | esiyocela | siyocela | asiyucela | esingeyucela | singeyucela |
| 2nd plural | niyocela | eniyocela | niyocela | aniyucela | eningeyucela | ningeyucela |
| Class 1 | uyocela | oyocela | eyocela | akayucela | ongeyucela | engeyucela |
| Class 2 | bayocela | abayocela | beyocela | abayucela | abangeyucela | bengeyucela |
| Class 3 | uyocela | oyocela | uyocela | awuyucela | ongeyucela | ungeyucela |
| Class 4 | iyocela | eyocela | iyocela | ayiyucela | engeyucela | ingeyucela |
| Class 5 | liyocela | eliyocela | liyocela | aliyucela | elingeyucela | lingeyucela |
| Class 6 | ayocela | ayocela | eyocela | awayucela | angeyucela | engeyucela |
| Class 7 | siyocela | esiyocela | siyocela | asiyucela | esingeyucela | singeyucela |
| Class 8 | ziyocela | eziyocela | ziyocela | aziyucela | ezingeyucela | zingeyucela |
| Class 9 | iyocela | eyocela | iyocela | ayiyucela | engeyucela | ingeyucela |
| Class 10 | ziyocela | eziyocela | ziyocela | aziyucela | ezingeyucela | zingeyucela |
| Class 11 | luyocela | oluyocela | luyocela | aluyucela | olungeyucela | lungeyucela |
| Class 14 | buyocela | obuyocela | buyocela | abuyucela | obungeyucela | bungeyucela |
| Class 15 | kuyocela | okuyocela | kuyocela | akuyucela | okungeyucela | kungeyucela |
| Class 17 | kuyocela | okuyocela | kuyocela | akuyucela | okungeyucela | kungeyucela |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngicele | ngingaceli |
| 2nd singular | ucele | ungaceli |
| 1st plural | sicele | singaceli |
| 2nd plural | nicele | ningaceli |
| Class 1 | acele | angaceli |
| Class 2 | bacele | bangaceli |
| Class 3 | ucele | ungaceli |
| Class 4 | icele | ingaceli |
| Class 5 | licele | lingaceli |
| Class 6 | acele | angaceli |
| Class 7 | sicele | singaceli |
| Class 8 | zicele | zingaceli |
| Class 9 | icele | ingaceli |
| Class 10 | zicele | zingaceli |
| Class 11 | lucele | lungaceli |
| Class 14 | bucele | bungaceli |
| Class 15 | kucele | kungaceli |
| Class 17 | kucele | kungaceli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngacela | ngangacela, angacela, angangacela |
| 2nd singular | wacela | wangacela, awacela, awangacela |
| 1st plural | sacela | sangacela, asacela, asangacela |
| 2nd plural | nacela | nangacela, anacela, anangacela |
| Class 1 | wacela | wangacela, akacela, akangacela |
| Class 2 | bacela | bangacela, abacela, abangacela |
| Class 3 | wacela | wangacela, awacela, awangacela |
| Class 4 | yacela | yangacela, ayacela, ayangacela |
| Class 5 | lacela | langacela, alacela, alangacela |
| Class 6 | acela | angacela, awacela, awangacela |
| Class 7 | sacela | sangacela, asacela, asangacela |
| Class 8 | zacela | zangacela, azacela, azangacela |
| Class 9 | yacela | yangacela, ayacela, ayangacela |
| Class 10 | zacela | zangacela, azacela, azangacela |
| Class 11 | lwacela | lwangacela, alwacela, alwangacela |
| Class 14 | bacela | bangacela, abacela, abangacela |
| Class 15 | kwacela | kwangacela, akwacela, akwangacela |
| Class 17 | kwacela | kwangacela, akwacela, akwangacela |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “cela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “cela (3.9)”
* Louw, J.A. (2013) “The Impact of Khoesan on Southern Bantu”, in Vossen, Rainer, editor, The Khoesan Languages, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 435-444