OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# istimbot
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish استیمبوت (istimbot), from English steamboat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is.timˈbot/
* Hyphenation: is‧tim‧bot

### Noun

istimbot (definite accusative istimbotu, plural istimbotlar)
* steamboat
    Synonyms: çatana, vapur

#### Related terms

* bot
* islim
* istim

### Further reading

* “istimbot”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “istimbot”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2239b
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “istimbot”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
# fragata
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian fregata (“frigate”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [fɾəˈɣa.tə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [fɾaˈɣa.ta]

### Noun

fragata f (plural fragates)
* frigate

### Further reading

* “fragata” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian fregata.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /fɾaˈɡa.tɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /fɾaˈɡa.tɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /fɾaˈɡa.ta/
* (Portugal) IPA: /fɾɐˈɡa.tɐ/ [fɾɐˈɣa.tɐ]
* Rhymes: -atɐ
* Hyphenation: fra‧ga‧ta

### Noun

fragata f (plural fragatas)
* frigate ship

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian fregata.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɾaˈɡata/ [fɾaˈɣ̞a.t̪a]
* Audio (Spain):(file)
* Rhymes: -ata
* Syllabification: fra‧ga‧ta

### Noun

fragata f (plural fragatas)
* frigate
* frigatebird

#### Derived terms

* fragata de guerra
* fragata portuguesa

### Further reading

* “fragata”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# kättemaks
## Estonian
### Etymology

kätte (“hand”) +‎ maks (“pay”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkætːe(ˌ)mɑks/, [ˈkætːe(ˌ)mɑks]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑks
* Hyphenation: kät‧te‧maks

### Noun

kättemaks (genitive kättemaksu, partitive kättemaksu)
* revenge, vengeance (an act committed in retaliation for wrongdoing, ill-treatment, injustice, humiliation, insult etc.)
    Kättemaks on magus. ― Revenge is sweet.
    Nad vandusid vaenlasele kättemaksu kõigi julmuste eest.They swore revenge on the enemy for all the atrocities.

#### Compounds

* kättemaksuhimu
* kättemaksuhirm
* kättemaksuiha
* kättemaksujumalanna
* kättemaksukirg
* kättemaksumõte
* kättemaksuplaan
* kättemaksurünnak

#### Related terms

* kätte maksma
* kättemaksja
* kättemaksmine

### References

* kättemaks in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
* “kättemaks”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
# quisquilla
## Spanish
### Etymology

Derived from Latin quisquilia.

### Noun

quisquilla f (plural quisquillas)
* shrimp
* trivial things

#### Related terms

* quisquilloso

### Further reading

* “quisquilla”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# biblijny
## Polish
### Etymology

From Biblia +‎ -ny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /biˈblij.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ijnɘ
* Syllabification: bi‧blij‧ny

### Adjective

biblijny (not comparable, derived adverb biblijnie)
* (relational) biblical

#### Related terms

* Biblia

### Further reading

* biblijny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* biblijny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# šovénství
## Czech
### Etymology

From šovén +‎ -ství.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃovɛːnstviː]
* Hyphenation: šo‧vén‧ství

### Noun

šovénství n
* (uncountable, dated) chauvinism, jingoism
    Synonym: šovinismus
    Antonyms: světoobčanství, kosmopolitismus
** 1896, Ervín Špindler, Rozhledy, volume V., number 9, Chrudim: Josef Pelcl, Dohodnutí Čechů s Němci. III., page 571:kdo upřímně touží po uskutečnění našeho státního práva, musí zanechati všeho šovénství v mezinárodních otázkách domácích a starati se raději o shodu českoněmeckou od základu, […](please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1930, Josef Šusta, Světová politika v letech 1871 - 1914 (Dějiny nového věku), volume V. Vznik trojdohody a velmocenský výpad rakouský, Praha: Vesmír, page 157:vlašský živel [v Rakousku] byl mocně zvířen […] rostoucím tlakem německého chauvinství na vlašskou menšinu jihotyrolskou.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1988, Literární měsíčník, volume XVII., Praha: Svaz českých spisovatelů, →ISSN, page 8:V této knize není šovénství ani uměleckého, ani národního, ani třídního.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Quotations

* For more quotations using this term, see Citations:šovénství.

#### Alternative forms

* chauvinství (non-standard after the 1941 spelling reform)
* šovenství

#### Related terms

* šovén

#### See also

* národovectví, nacionalismus, vlastenčení, fangličkářství, praporečkování, hejslovanění, etc.

### Further reading

* “šovénství”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “šovénství”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# grojaraštis
## Lithuanian
### Etymology

Calque of English playlist, from gróti (“to play music”) +‎ rãštas (“writing”). Compare daiktãraštis (“item list”), kainóraštis (“price list”), valgiãraštis (“menu”) and tvarkãraštis (“schedule”).
First attested in 2001, used to describe playlists on radio stations.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡroːjɛˈrɑːʃʲtʲɪs]
* Hyphenation: gro‧ja‧raš‧tis

### Noun

grojãraštis m (plural grojãraščiai) stress pattern 1
* (neologism, radio, computing) playlist
    Hypernym: są́rašas (“list”)

#### Related terms

* grojìmas
* gróti
* rašýti
* rãštas

### References

* ↑ “grojaraštis”, in Lietuvių kalbos naujažodžių duomenynas [Database of Lithuanian neologisms], ekalba.lt, 2011–2025

### Further reading

* “grojaraštis”, in Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of common Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, n.d.
* “grojaraštis”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2025
* “playlist, grojaraštis - Ką siūloma vartoti vietoj angl. „playlist“?”, in Konsultacijų bankas [Consultation bank], Valstybinė lietuvių kalbos komisija [Commission on the Lithuanian language], 2003–2025
# vyrazit
## Czech
### Etymology

From vy- +‎ razit.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɪrazɪt]

### Verb

vyrazit pf (imperfective vyrážet)
* to set out, to depart
* to surge
* to knock out, to smash

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | vyrazit, vyraziti | Active adjective | vyrazivší |
| Verbal noun | vyražení | Passive adjective | vyražený |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | vyrazím | vyrazíme | — | vyrazme |
| 2nd person | vyrazíš | vyrazíte | vyraz | vyrazte |
| 3rd person | vyrazí | vyrazí | — | — |
* The verb vyrazit does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | vyrazil | vyrazili | vyražen | vyraženi |
| masculine inanimate | vyrazil | vyrazily | vyražen | vyraženy |
| feminine | vyrazila | vyrazily | vyražena | vyraženy |
| neuter | vyrazilo | vyrazila | vyraženo | vyražena |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | — | vyraziv |
| feminine + neuter singular | — | vyrazivši |
| plural | — | vyrazivše |

#### Derived terms

* výraz m
* výrazivo n

### Further reading

* “vyraziti”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “vyraziti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “vyrazit”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# murangkalih
## Sundanese
### Noun

murangkalih (Sundanese script ᮙᮥᮛᮀᮊᮜᮤᮂ)
* child
    Synonym: budak
# otevřená množina
## Czech
### Noun

otevřená množina f
* open set

#### Related terms

* uzavřená množina f
# hawak
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawak, from Proto-Austronesian *Sawak (“waist”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhawak/ [ˈha.wak]
* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /ˈʔawak/ [ˈʔa.wak] (h-dropping)
* Hyphenation: ha‧wak

### Noun

háwak (Basahan spelling ᜑᜏᜃ᜔) (Naga)
* (anatomy) body; torso
    Synonym: lawas
* corpse, cadaver (usually intact after death)
    Synonyms: bangkay, gadan
* (botany, uncommon) stalk of a plant; trunk of a tree
    Synonym: puon

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawak, from Proto-Austronesian *Sawak (“waist”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhawak/ [ˈha.wɐk]
* Hyphenation: ha‧wak

### Noun

hawak (Badlit spelling ᜑᜏᜃ᜔)
* (anatomy) waist (body or clothing)

#### Derived terms

* manghawak
* tighawak

## Hiligaynon
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawak, from Proto-Austronesian *Sawak (“waist”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhawak/ [ˈha.wak]
* Hyphenation: ha‧wak

### Noun

hawak
* (anatomy) waist (body part)
    Synonyms: ubit, ulubitan

#### Derived terms

* panghawak
* piligwakan
* ulubitan

## Kinaray-a
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawak, from Proto-Austronesian *Sawak (“waist”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhawak/, [ˈha.wak]

### Noun

hawak
* (anatomy) waist (body part)
    Synonyms: ubit, urubitan

#### Derived terms

* panghawak
* urubitan

## Kumeyaay
### Adjective

hawak
* two

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* hauac — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈhawak/ [ˈhaː.wɐk̚]
* Rhymes: -awak
* Syllabification: ha‧wak

### Noun

hawak (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜏᜃ᜔)
* holding of something in one's hand
    Synonyms: tangan, pagtangan, pigil, pagpigil
* act of holding on to something (to support oneself)
    Synonyms: kapit, pakapit
* object held by one's hand
* possession; ownership (of power, responsibility, etc.)
    Synonym: pagmamay-ari
* act of taking a woman as one's common-law wife

#### Derived terms

* hawak-hawak
* hawak-hawakan
* hawakan
* hawakin
* humawak
* ihawak
* maghawak
* mahawakan
* mahigpit ang hawak sa bulsa
* manghawak
* may hawak
* paghahawak ng loob
* panghahawakan
* panghawakan

#### See also

* taban

### Adjective

hawak (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜏᜃ᜔)
* held by the hand; in one's hand
* in one's possession or responsibility

### Further reading

* “hawak”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* hakaw
# potakiwać
## Polish
### Etymology

From po- +‎ tak +‎ -iwać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔ.taˈki.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ivat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: po‧ta‧ki‧wać

### Verb

potakiwać impf
* (intransitive) to continually nod, express agreement; to yes

#### Derived terms

* potakiwacz

### Further reading

* potakiwać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* potakiwać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# asortyment
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French assortiment.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.sɔrˈtɘ.mɛnt/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘmɛnt
* Syllabification: a‧sor‧ty‧ment

### Noun

asortyment m inan
* assortment (collection of varying but related items)
    Synonym: zasób
* stock (store of goods for sale)
    Synonym: sortyment

#### Derived terms

* asortymentowy
* asortymentowo

### Further reading

* asortyment in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* asortyment in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# combinatoric
## English
### Pronunciation

* (US, Canada) IPA: /ˌkɑm.bɪ.nəˈtɔɹ.ɪk/

### Adjective

combinatoric (comparative more combinatoric, superlative most combinatoric)
* Of or pertaining to combinatorics; combinatorial.

#### Derived terms

* combinatorically
* combinatorician
* combinatoricist
# more sacks to the mill
## English
### Alternative forms

* more sacks on the mill

### Etymology

From the cry of each child joining the dogpile.

### Noun

more sacks to the mill (uncountable)
* (UK, historical games) A children's dogpile game played in Oxfordshire and other areas of Britain.

#### Synonyms

* stack-upon-the-kill; see dogpile

#### Derived terms

* stacks on the mill

#### See also

* grist to the mill

### References

* "sack" in Joseph Wright's The English Dialect Dictionary, Vol. V, London: H. Frowde, 1898-1905.
# bunching
## English
### Verb

bunching
* present participle and gerund of bunch

### Noun

bunching (countable and uncountable, plural bunchings)
* (countable) An arrangement of items in a bunch.
** 1974, Isabella Bird, Six Months in the Sandwich Islands, amongst the Palm Groves, Coral Reefs and Volcanoes:The foreign ladies, in their simple, tasteful, fresh attire, innocent of the humpings and bunchings, the monstrosities and deformities of ultra-fashionable bad taste, beamed with cheerfulness, friendliness, and kindliness.
* An occurrence of things in a bunch.
** 1949 July and August, Railway Magazine, page vii, advertisement by London Transport:Why do we sometimes find three buses on the same route arriving together at a bus stop? What is the explanation of bunching? […] Meanwhile there are other buses following on the same route. The 600-yard interval between the second and third bus is decreased by every second's delay to the leaders, and before long the third bus has caught up. That is why buses sometimes arrive at the bus stop in bunches.
* (uncountable) The illegitimate supplying of laboratory animals that are actually kidnapped pets or illegally trapped strays.

#### Derived terms

* antibunching
* microbunching
* nanobunching
|Japanese bunching onion

#### Related terms

* buncher
# żarłacz
## Polish
### Etymology

From żreć +‎ -acz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʐar.wat͡ʂ/
* Rhymes: -arwat͡ʂ
* Syllabification: żar‧łacz

### Noun

żarłacz m animal
* shark (various species)
    Synonym: rekin
* large pike (fish of the genus Esox)
    Synonym: szczupak

#### Derived terms

* żarłacz biały
* żarłacz tygrysi
* żmirłacz

### Further reading

* żarłacz in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# emotywny
## Polish
### Etymology

Adapted borrowing of English emotive +‎ -ny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ.mɔˈtɘv.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘvnɘ
* Syllabification: e‧mo‧tyw‧ny

### Adjective

emotywny (comparative bardziej emotywny, superlative najbardziej emotywny, derived adverb emotywnie)
* (relational) emotive (of or relating to emotion)
    Synonyms: emocjonalny, uczuciowy
* (linguistics) emotive, expressive (pertaining to the addresser)
    Synonym: ekspresywny

#### Derived terms

* emotywność

#### Related terms

* emotywizm

### Further reading

* emotywny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# cognitivismo
## Italian
### Noun

cognitivismo m (plural cognitivismi)
* (psychology) cognitivism

#### Related terms

* cognitivista
* cognitivo

## Spanish
### Noun

cognitivismo m (plural cognitivismos)
* (psychology) cognitivism

#### Related terms

* cognitivista
* cognitivo
# przekonany
## Polish
### Etymology

From przekonać +‎ -any.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʂɛ.kɔˈna.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -anɘ
* Syllabification: prze‧ko‧na‧ny

### Adjective

przekonany (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* convinced

#### Related terms

* przekonanie
* przekonać
* przekonywać

### Further reading

* przekonany in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* przekonany in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# ekspresjonista
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French expressionniste.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛk.sprɛ.sjɔˈɲis.ta/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ista
* Syllabification: ek‧spre‧sjo‧nis‧ta

### Noun

ekspresjonista m pers (female equivalent ekspresjonistka)
* (art, literature) expressionist (one who adheres to expressionism)

#### Derived terms

* ekspresjonistyczny

#### Related terms

* ekspresyjny
* ekspresywny
* ekspresjonistycznie
* ekspresyjnie
* ekspresywnie
* ekspresja
* ekspresjonizm
* ekspresyjność
* ekspresywizm
* ekspresywność

### Further reading

* ekspresjonista in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ekspresjonista in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# authorly
## English
### Etymology

From author +‎ -ly.

### Adjective

authorly (comparative more authorly, superlative most authorly)
* In the manner of an author.

#### Derived terms

* unauthorly
# vidle
## Czech
### Etymology

The singular used to be vidla f, from Proto-Slavic *vidla (equivalent to víti using the -dla suffix denoting an instrument).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɪdlɛ]

### Noun

vidle f pl
* pitchfork

#### Related terms

* motovidlo n
* vidlička f

### Further reading

* “vidle”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “vidle”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “vidle”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# ekspresjonistka
## Polish
### Etymology

From ekspresjonista +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛks.prɛ.sjɔˈɲist.ka/
* Rhymes: -istka
* Syllabification: eks‧pre‧sjo‧nist‧ka

### Noun

ekspresjonistka f (male equivalent ekspresjonista)
* (art, literature) female equivalent of ekspresjonista (“expressionist”) (one who adheres to expressionism)

#### Related terms

* ekspresjonistyczny
* ekspresyjny
* ekspresywny
* ekspresjonistycznie
* ekspresyjnie
* ekspresywnie
* ekspresja
* ekspresjonizm
* ekspresyjność
* ekspresywizm
* ekspresywność

### Further reading

* ekspresjonistka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# blokers
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English blocker(s), however, the semantic shift is unclear. First attested in 1997.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈblɔ.kɛrs/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔkɛrs
* Syllabification: blo‧kers

### Noun

blokers m pers
* (colloquial, derogatory) hood rat
    Synonym: bloker
    małoletni blokers ― an underage hood rat
    młody blokers ― a young hood rat
    nastoletni blokers ― a teenage hood rat
    typowy blokers ― a typical hood rat
    zbuntowany blokers ― a rebellious hood rat
    bezkarni blokersi ― unpunished hood rats
    bezrobotni blokersi ― unemployed hood rats
    miejscowi blokersi ― local hood rats
    osiedlowi blokersi ― neighborhood hood rats
    polscy blokersi ― Polish hood rats
    niebezpieczni blokersi ― dangerous hood rats
    współcześni blokersi ― modern hood rats
    znudzeni blokersi ― bored hood rats
    stereotyp blokersa ― a hood rat stereotype
    bandy blokersów ― gangs of hood rats
    grupa blokersów ― a group of hood rats
    skupiska blokersów ― huddles of hood rats
    pokolenie blokersów ― a generation of hood rats
    subkultura blokersów ― the hood rat subculture
    środowisko blokersów ― hood rats' environment
    bójka blokersów ― hood rats' fight
    rozboje blokersów ― hood rats' robberies
    kultura blokersów ― hood rats' culture
    slang blokersów ― hood rat slang
    problem blokersów ― the problem of hood rats
    zemsta blokersów ― hood rats' payback
    obawa blokersami ― a worry of hood rats
    strach przed blokersami ― a fear of hood rats
    blokersi biją ― hood rats fight
    blokersi zaatakowali ― hood rats attacked
    blokersi zastraszają ― hood rats terrorize
    blokersi gromadzą się ― hood rats gather
    blokersi spotykają się ― hood rats meet
    blokersi kradną ― hood rats steal
    obawiać się blokersów ― to be afraid of hood rats
    przepłoszyć blokersów ― to scare hood rats away
    bronić się przed blokersami ― to protect oneself against/from hood rats
    kłócić się z blokersami ― to argue with hood rats
    radzić sobie z blokersami ― to manage with hood rats
    rozprawić się z blokersami ― to get even with hood rats

#### Related terms

* bloczny
* blokowiskowy
* blokowy
* blockbuster
* bloczek
* bloczność
* bloczydło
* blok
* blokada
* bloker
* blokhauz
* blokowiec
* blokowisko
* blokownia
* blokoza
* blokówka
* blokować impf
* odblokować pf
* odblokowywać impf
* przyblokować pf
* zablokować pf
* zablokowywać impf
* zblokować pf

### References

* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “blokers”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Pęzik, Piotr, Przepiórkowski, A., Bańko, M., Górski, R., Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B (2012) Wyszukiwarka PELCRA dla danych NKJP. Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Polish Language Corpus, PELCRA search engine]‎, Wydawnictwo PWN
* ↑ blokers in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

### Further reading

* blokers in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* blokers in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# peeling
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpiːlɪŋ/
* Homophone: pealing
* Rhymes: -iːlɪŋ

### Noun

peeling (plural peelings)
* The act of removing the outer surface in strips.
** 1847, Food for the Million. Maize against potato:In the culinary process, there are none of those peelings and washings as in the case of potatoes and turnips, […] none of those squeezings and mashings and choppings, before the worthless mess can be got upon the table.
* Strips of an outer rind or surface that has been removed.
    She flavored the broth with vegetable peelings.

#### Derived terms

* depth peeling

#### Translations
### Verb

peeling
* present participle and gerund of peel

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

peeling m (plural peelings)
* exfoliation; peel

### Further reading

* “peeling”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Polish
### Etymology

Pseudo-anglicism, derived from peeling.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpi.liŋk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iliŋk
* Syllabification: pee‧ling

### Noun

peeling m inan
* (cosmetics) exfoliation, peel (cosmetic preparation)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* peeling in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* peeling in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Spanish
### Noun

peeling m (plural peelings)
* peeling; peel (surgery of remove the outer layer of skin from a part of the body)
# materialis
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch materialist. Equivalent to material +‎ -is.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /materiˈalis/ [ma.t̪e.riˈa.lɪs]
* Rhymes: -alis
* Syllabification: ma‧te‧ri‧a‧lis

### Noun

materialis
* materialist:
** Someone who is materialistic, concerned only with material possessions.
** A follower or proponent of philosophical materialism.

### Adjective

materialis
* materialist (having features typical of philosophical materialism)

#### Related terms

* materi
* material
* materialisasi
* materialisme
* materialistis
* materiel

### Further reading

* “materialis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Etymology

From materia +‎ -alis.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /maː.te.riˈaː.lis/, [mäːt̪ɛriˈäːlʲɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ma.te.riˈa.lis/, [mät̪eriˈäːlis]

### Adjective

māteriālis (neuter māteriāle); third-declension two-termination adjective
* (Late Latin) material (made of matter)

#### Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

#### Descendants

* English: suppositio materialis
* → Old French: material
** Middle French: material
*** → Middle Dutch: materiael
**** Dutch: materiaal
***** Afrikaans: materiaal
* Russian: материал (material)

### References

* “materialis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* materialis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* materialis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.