# 嚴肅
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yánsù
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ ㄙㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jim$^4$ suk$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiàm-siuk / ngiàm-siu̍k
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngièng-sé̤ṳk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): giâm-sok / giâm-siok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngiam$^5$ sog$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gni-soq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yánsù
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄙㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yánsù
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^2$-su$^4$
*** Yale: yán-sù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yansuh
*** Palladius: яньсу (janʹsu)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn³⁵ su⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^4$ suk$^1$
*** Yale: yìhm sūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^4$ suk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^4$ sug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm²¹ sʊk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàm-siuk / ngiàm-siu̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiam$^ˇ$ xiug$^ˋ$ / ngiam$^ˇ$ xiug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam$^2$ xiug$^5$ / ngiam$^2$ xiug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯am¹¹ si̯uk̚²/, /ŋi̯am¹¹ si̯uk̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngièng-sé̤ṳk
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋieŋ⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(s-)}$nøyʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm-sok
*** Tâi-lô: giâm-sok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: giamsog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiam²⁴⁻²² sɔk̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm-siok
*** Tâi-lô: giâm-siok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: giamsiog
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiam²³⁻³³ siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡiam²⁴⁻²² siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiam¹³⁻²² siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡiam²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngiam$^5$ sog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiâm sok
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋiam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sok̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gni-soq
*** MiniDict: nyi$^去$ soh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyi-soq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²² soʔ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: ngjaem sjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 嚴 | 肅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 嚴 (145) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 語𩏩切 | 息逐切 |
| Baxter | ngjaem | sjuwk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɨɐm/ | /sɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋiɐm/ | /siuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiɐm/ | /siuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋɨam/ | /suwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiɐm/ | /siuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭɐm/ | /sĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯ɐm/ | /si̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yán | su |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jim$^4$ | suk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ(r)am siwk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋam sɯwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 嚴 | 肅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/5 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yán | sù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjæm › | ‹ sjuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋ(r)am/ | /*siwk/ |
| English | stern, majestic | solemn, severe |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 嚴 | 肅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3692 | 12125 |
| Phonetic component | 敢 | 肅 |
| Rime group | 談 | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 嚴 | 肅 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋam/ | /*sɯwɢ/ |

### Adjective

嚴肅
* solemn; stately; serious
       Tèqū ﻿﻿yīng yánsù chǔlǐ gōngwùyuán wéiguī shìjiàn. [Pinyin]
       Special administrative regions should seriously punish civil servants who violate regulations.
* earnest; serious

#### Synonyms

* (solemn):
* 厲害 / 厉害 (lìhài)
* 嚴 / 严 (yán)
* 嚴厲 / 严厉 (yánlì)
* 嚴峻 / 严峻 (yánjùn)
* 嚴正 / 严正 (yánzhèng)
* 嚴酷 / 严酷 (yánkù)
* 尊重 (zūnzhòng)
* 整肅 / 整肃 (zhěngsù)
* 正經 / 正经
* 淩厲 / 凌厉 (línglì) (literary)
* 狠狠 (hěnhěn)
* 矜持 (jīnchí)
* 莊 / 庄 (zhuāng)
* 莊重 / 庄重 (zhuāngzhòng)
* 鄭重 / 郑重 (zhèngzhòng)
* (earnest):
* 不苟 (bùgǒu) (formal)
* 仔細 / 仔细 (zǐxì)
* 嚴 / 严 (yán)
* 嚴謹 / 严谨 (yánjǐn)
* 墘角 (gièng-gáe̤k) (Eastern Min)
* 密切 (mìqiè)
* 審慎 / 审慎 (shěnshèn) (formal)
* 對重 / 对重 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 小心 (xiǎoxīn)
* 慎密 (shènmì)
* 慎重 (shènzhòng)
* 慘淡 / 惨淡 (cǎndàn)
* 持重 (chízhòng)
* 板正 (bǎnzhèng)
* 正經 / 正经
* 當心 / 当心 (dāngxīn)
* 精心 (jīngxīn)
* 精細 / 精细 (jīngxì)
* 細心 / 细心 (xìxīn)
* 細膩 / 细腻 (xìnì) (Min)
* 致重 (Hokkien)
* 認真 / 认真 (rènzhēn)
* 謹嚴 / 谨严 (jǐnyán)
* 謹慎 / 谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
* 較真 / 较真 (jiàozhēn) (colloquial)
* 過細 / 过细 (guòxì)
* 鞠躬 (jūgōng) (literary)
* 頂真 / 顶真 (dǐngzhēn) (dialectal)

### Verb

嚴肅
* to make serious or severe
* to strictly enforce

### Derived terms

* 嚴肅音樂 / 严肃音乐
* 嚴處 / 严处 (yánchǔ)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 嚴 | 肅 |
| げん Jinmeiyō | しゅく Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 嚴肅 – see the following entry. :
| 【厳粛げんしゅく】 | [adjective] grave, solemn, serious [noun] solemnity, seriousness |
(This term, 嚴肅, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 嚴 | 肅 |

### Noun

嚴肅 • (eomsuk) (hangeul 엄숙)
* hanja form of 엄숙 (“solemnity; graveness; seriousness”)