# trom
## Danish
### Verb

trom
* imperative of tromme

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

trom f or m (plural trommen, diminutive trommetje n)
* drum

#### Synonyms

* drum
* trommel

#### Descendants

* Berbice Creole Dutch: trom

### Anagrams

* mort

## Faroese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰɾoːm/

### Noun

trom f (genitive singular tramar, plural tremur)
* edge (of a board)
* edge (of a cliff)
* margin (of a lake)
* rim (of spectacles)

#### Inflection
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /t̪ˠɾˠoumˠ/, /t̪ˠɾˠɑumˠ/
* (Galway) IPA: /t̪ˠɾˠuːmˠ/
* (Mayo) IPA: /t̪ˠɾˠʊmˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /t̪ˠɾˠʌmˠ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish trom (“heavy”), from Proto-Celtic *trummos (compare Welsh trwm).

#### Adjective

trom (genitive singular masculine trom, genitive singular feminine troime, plural troma, comparative troime)
* heavy
* sad, oppressive
* severe, grave, serious
* sultry (of weather)

##### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

##### Antonyms

* éadrom

##### Derived terms

* antrom
* cothrom
* éadrom
* troime
* troimide
* tromacht
* tromaíocht
* tromas
* tromluí

#### Noun

trom m (genitive singular trom, nominative plural troma)
* weight
** a weight; burden, oppression
** (abstract) weight
* bulk, preponderance
* importance
* blame, censure

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
trom
troma
vocative
a throm
a throma
genitive
trom
troma
dative
trom
troma
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an trom
na troma
genitive
an trom
na dtroma
dative
leis an trom don trom
leis na troma :

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish trom (“elder-tree”).

#### Noun

trom m (genitive singular troim, nominative plural troim)
* elder (tree, bush)

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
trom
troim
vocative
a throim
a throma
genitive
troim
trom
dative
trom
troim
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an trom
na troim
genitive
an troim
na dtrom
dative
leis an trom don trom
leis na troim :

##### Derived terms

* tromán

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 199, page 100
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 291, page 104
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 trom”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 trom”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “trom”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Middle English
### Noun

trom
* Alternative form of trome

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* tromm

### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *trummos (compare Welsh trwm).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /trom/

### Adjective

trom
* heavy (weight)
* heavy, severe, grievous, difficult
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14$^d$17
    coní árim-se peccad libsi uili, ꝉ ara·tart-sa fortacht dúibsi, arnap trom fuirib for n‑oínurso that I may not count sin with you all, or so that I may give aid to you lest it be heavy on you by yourselves
* (by extension) sad, sorrowful
* great, vast, powerful, mighty

#### Inflection

o/ā-stem :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | trom | trom | trom |
| Vocative | truim* trom** | trom | trom |
| Accusative | trom | truim | trom |
| Genitive | truim | truime | truim |
| Dative | trom | truim | trom |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | Feminine/neuter |
| Nominative | truim | troma | troma |
| Vocative | tromu troma† | troma | troma |
| Accusative | tromu troma† | troma | troma |
| Genitive | trom | trom | trom |
| Dative | tromaib | tromaib | tromaib |
| Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized |

#### Derived terms

* étrum
* tromchride

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: trom
** Irish: trom
** Manx: trome
** Scottish Gaelic: trom
* ⇒ Middle Irish: tromaigid
** Irish: tromaigh

### Noun

trom n
* weight, heaviness, burden
* greater part, bulk
* severity, distress, difficulty, sorrow
* blame, censure

#### Inflection

Neuter o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | trom$^N$ | trom$^N$ | trom$^L$, troma |
| Vocative | trom$^N$ | trom$^N$ | trom$^L$, troma |
| Accusative | trom$^N$ | trom$^N$ | trom$^L$, troma |
| Genitive | truim$^L$ | trom | trom$^N$ |
| Dative | trom$^L$ | tromaib | tromaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Derived terms

* tromda

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 trom”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese trõo, from trõar, or alternatively from Latin tonus (“thunderclap; sound, tone”), probably through a Late Latin or Vulgar Latin form *tronus, influenced by *tronitus < tonitrus. Compare Galician trono, Spanish trueno, Catalan tro, Occitan tron. See also tom, a possible doublet.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɾõ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈtɾõ/

### Noun

trom m (plural trons)
* boom (loud, resonant sound)
    Synonym: ribombo

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish trom, from Proto-Celtic *trummos (compare Welsh trwm).

### Pronunciation

* (Lewis) IPA: /t̪ʰɾɔ̃ũm/
* (North Uist) IPA: /t̪ʰɾoum/
* (Barra) IPA: [t̪ʰɾɔ̝um]

### Adjective

trom (comparative truime)
* heavy
* hard, difficult
* weighty, serious
* depressed, melancholy
* addicted
    Tha e trom air òl. / Tha e trom air an deoch. ― He's a heavy drinker.
    Tha mi trom air an tombaca. ― I'm a heavy smoker.
* (typography) bold
    clò trom ― bold type
* pregnant (with child)

#### Usage notes

* In connection with "love" can precede (and lenite) the noun:
    Ghabh e trom ghaol oirre. ― He fell madly in love with her.

#### Synonyms

* (pregnant): torrach

#### Antonyms

* aotrom

#### Derived terms

* trom-laighe

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /trôm/

### Adjective

trȍm (Cyrillic spelling тро̏м, definite trȍmī, comparative tromiji)
* sluggish, slow

#### Declension
## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /trɔm/
* Rhymes: -ɔm

### Adjective

trom
* feminine singular of trwm

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎, Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap