# ғун
## Tajik
### Etymology

Inherited from Classical Persian غُنْدْ (ğund, “gathered, collected”), from Middle Persian gwnd (/⁠gund⁠/, “group, gathering”). Compare Semnani غند (ğond, “gathered, collected”), Gonabadi غن (ğon, “gathered, collected”), Central Kurdish گوند (gund, “village”), Northern Kurdish gund (“village”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣun/, [ʁun]

### Adjective

ғун • (ġun) (Persian spelling غن)
* gathered, collected, brought together
    Synonyms: ҷамъшуда (jamʾšuda), гирдомада (girdomada), фароҳам (faroham)
    Қӯшунҳо ғун мешуданд.Qüšunho ġun mešudand.The troops gathered.
    Хеле пул ғун мекард.Xele pul ġun mekard.He collected a lot of money.

#### Usage notes

The word ғун (ġun) is not used in isolation in modern Tajik Persian; rather, it is always combined with a verb. To express its original meaning of "gathered, collected, brought together", ғундошта (ġundošta), the past participle of ғун доштан (ġun doštan, “to gather, to collect, to bring together”), is used instead.

#### Derived terms

* ғун доштан (ġun doštan, “to gather, to collect, to bring together, to pick up, to harvest”)
* ғун кардан (ġun kardan, “(transitive) to collect, to hoard, to accumulate, to amass”)
* ғун шудан (ġun šudan, “(intransitive) to collect, to hoard, to accumulate, to amass”)
* ғундошта (ġundošta, “gathered, collected, brought together, picked up”)
* ғундошта гирифтан (ġundošta giriftan, “to gather”)
* ғунучин (ġunučin, “picking, gathering, harvesting”)
* ғунучин кардан (ġunučin kardan, “to pick, to gather, to harvest”)
* ғунча (ġunča, “bud”)

### References

* 1 2 Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “غند”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* ↑ Hosein Tabatabaei, Hasan Tabatabaei, Mohammad Rezaei (2015 August 23) “بررسی و تحلیل نظام آوایی گویش سرکویر در مقایسه با زبان پهلوی [Description of Sarkavir dialect compared with Pahlavi language]”, in Journal of Iranian Regional Languages and Literature‎, volume 5, number 2 (in Persian), pages 105–124: “غُند: جمع‌وجور، فراهم (...) در حال حاضر در فارسی تاجيکی، "غُن شدن" و "غن داشتن" به همين معنی استفاده می‌شود. به نظر می‌رسد غنچه با همين ريشه در ارتباط باشد و شکل کهن‌تر آن نيز «غندچه» بوده باشد. در لغت فرس ذيل اين واژه چنين آمده است: نقيبان ز ديدن بماندند کند، که ايشان هميشه نباشند غند.”
* ↑ John R. Perry (2005) A Tajik Persian Reference Grammar (in English), Brill, pages 211, 452, 456:ḡun 'gathering, collection', may optionally combine with doštan/ dor- 'to have', giving either меғундорад می‌غن‌دارد or ғун медорад غن می‌دارد 'he gathers'. (...) ḡun has no lexical existence outside its verb structures. (...) ғун غن 'gathering, harvest' (not an independent nominal): in combination with doštan/ dor- 'to have, hold', ғун-доштан غن داشتن 'to gather (up), pick up, collect, harvest' may either combine with the verb stem or remain separate: ғалла-ро ғунмедоранд/ меғундоранд غله را غن می‌دارند\ می‌غن‌دارند 'they are harvesting the grain'. With kardan ~ šudan, the result ғун кардан غن کردن 'to collect, hoard, concentrate' behaves like a composite verb, i.e., ḡun is separated from the inflected auxiliary and written as a separate word: хеле пул ғун мекард خیلی پول غن می‌کرد 'he collected/ amassed a lot of money', қӯшун-ҳо ғун мешуданд قشون‌ها غن می‌شدند 'the troops gathered/ massed/ were concentrated'.

### Further reading

* “ғун”, in Вожаҷӯ / واژه‌جو [Vožajü] (in Tajik), 2024