# gearr
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* geárr (superseded)

### Etymology

From Middle Irish gerr. The verb is from Middle Irish gerraid.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Cois Fharraige, Mayo) IPA: /ɟɑːɾˠ/
* (Aran) IPA: /ɟaːɾˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ɟaːɾˠ/

### Adjective

gearr (genitive singular feminine giorra, plural gearra, comparative giorra)
* short
    Synonym: gairid
    Antonym: fada
* curt
* deficient, inadequate
* near, close

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
* Alternative vocative/genitive singular masculine and archaic dative singular feminine: girr

#### Derived terms

* gearr sa radharc (“short-sighted”)
* gearr-
* gearró (“recently”)
* giorraigh
* i bhfad agus i ngearr (“far and near”)
* i ngearr aimsire (“in a short time”)

#### Related terms

* gearrán (“gelding”)

### Verb

gearr (present analytic gearrann, future analytic gearrfaidh, verbal noun gearradh, past participle gearrtha)
* cut; shorten, reduce
    Ghearr mé mo lámh ar maidin.I cut my hand this morning.
* (card games) cut
* (dentistry, of teeth) cut (of child); grind
* make a cutting remark to someone; backbite; nag (of wounding speech)
* castrate
* levy, impose, allocate (from fund)

#### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | gearraim | gearrann tú; gearrair$^†$ | gearrann sé, sí | gearraimid | gearrann sibh | gearrann siad; gearraid$^†$ | a ghearrann; a ghearras / a ngearrann* | gearrtar |
| indicative | past | ghearr mé; ghearras | ghearr tú; ghearrais | ghearr sé, sí | ghearramar; ghearr muid | ghearr sibh; ghearrabhair | ghearr siad; ghearradar | a ghearr / ar ghearr* | gearradh |
| indicative | past habitual | ghearrainn / ngearrainn‡‡ | ghearrtá / ngearrtá‡‡ | ghearradh sé, sí / ngearradh sé, sí‡‡ | ghearraimis; ghearradh muid / ngearraimis‡‡; ngearradh muid‡‡ | ghearradh sibh / ngearradh sibh‡‡ | ghearraidís; ghearradh siad / ngearraidís‡‡; ngearradh siad‡‡ | a ghearradh / a ngearradh* | ghearrtaí / ngearrtaí‡‡ |
| future | future | gearrfaidh mé; gearrfad | gearrfaidh tú; gearrfair$^†$ | gearrfaidh sé, sí | gearrfaimid; gearrfaidh muid | gearrfaidh sibh | gearrfaidh siad; gearrfaid$^†$ | a ghearrfaidh; a ghearrfas / a ngearrfaidh* | gearrfar |
| conditional | conditional | ghearrfainn / ngearrfainn‡‡ | ghearrfá / ngearrfá‡‡ | ghearrfadh sé, sí / ngearrfadh sé, sí‡‡ | ghearrfaimis; ghearrfadh muid / ngearrfaimis‡‡; ngearrfadh muid‡‡ | ghearrfadh sibh / ngearrfadh sibh‡‡ | ghearrfaidís; ghearrfadh siad / ngearrfaidís‡‡; ngearrfadh siad‡‡ | a ghearrfadh / a ngearrfadh* | ghearrfaí / ngearrfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go ngearra mé; go ngearrad$^†$ | go ngearra tú; go ngearrair$^†$ | go ngearra sé, sí | go ngearraimid; go ngearra muid | go ngearra sibh | go ngearra siad; go ngearraid$^†$ | — | go ngearrtar |
| subjunctive | past | dá ngearrainn | dá ngearrtá | dá ngearradh sé, sí | dá ngearraimis; dá ngearradh muid | dá ngearradh sibh | dá ngearraidís; dá ngearradh siad | — | dá ngearrtaí |
| imperative | imperative | gearraim | gearr | gearradh sé, sí | gearraimis | gearraigí; gearraidh$^†$ | gearraidís | — | gearrtar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | gearradh | gearradh | gearradh | gearradh | gearradh | gearradh | gearradh | gearradh |
| past participle | past participle | gearrtha | gearrtha | gearrtha | gearrtha | gearrtha | gearrtha | gearrtha | gearrtha |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gerr”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gerraid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 45, page 24
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 132
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 275, page 97

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “geárr”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 357
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “gearraim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 357
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gearr”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “gearr”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “gearr”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Scottish Gaelic
### Noun

gearr f (genitive singular gearra, plural gearran)
* Alternative form of geàrr

### Verb

gearr (past ghearr, future gearraidh, verbal noun gearradh, past participle gearrta)
* Alternative form of geàrr

### Adjective

gearr
* Alternative form of geàrr