# smacht
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

smacht
* inflection of smachten:
** first/second/third-person singular present indicative
** imperative

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish smacht (“rule, control, punishment”), from Proto-Celtic *smaxtus, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)megʰ- (“to be able”), see also Ancient Greek μῆχος (mêkhos).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Aran) IPA: /sˠmˠɑxt̪ˠ/
* (Connemara, Mayo, Ulster) IPA: /sˠmˠaxt̪ˠ/

### Noun

smacht m (genitive singular smachta, nominative plural smachta)
* (literary) rule, regulation, ordinance
* rule, dominion, sway; subjection
* control, restraint, discipline
    Ní bhíonn an rath ach mar a mbíonn an smacht. (proverb)There can be no progress without discipline.
* (literary) penalty, fine

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
smacht
smachta
vocative
a smacht
a smachta
genitive
smachta
smacht
dative
smacht
smachta
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an smacht
na smachta
genitive
an smachta
na smacht
dative
leis an smacht don smacht
leis na smachta :

#### Derived terms

* ansmacht m (“tyranny”)
* ceannsmacht m (“mastery, the upper hand”)
* claonsmacht m (“unjust rule”)
* faoi smacht (“under control”)
* smachtín

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “smacht”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “smaċt”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 358
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “smacht”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *smaxtus, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)megʰ- (“to be able”), see also Ancient Greek μῆχος (mêkhos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [smaxt]

### Noun

smacht m (genitive smachta)
* rule, institute, institution
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 26$^a$8
    Seiss i tempul amal do·n-essid Críst; ꝉ do·géntar aidchumtach tempuil less, et pridchibid smactu rechto fetarlicce, et gébtit Iudei i n-apid, et ɔ·scéra rect núíadnissi.He will sit in the temple as Christ sat; or rebuilding of the temple will be done by him, and he will preach the institutes of the law of the Old Testament, and the Jews will accept him as lord, and he will destroy the law of the New Testament.
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 27$^a$24
    Nachib·mided .i. nachib·berar i smachtu rechta fetarlicce, inna ndig et a mbíad, inna llíthu et a ssapati, act bad foirbthe far n‑iress.Let him not judge you, i.e. do not be borne into the institutions of the Law of the Old Testament, into their drink and their food, into their festivals and their sabbaths; but let your faith be perfect.

#### Declension

Masculine u-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | smacht | smacht$^L$ | smachtae$^H$ |
| Vocative | smacht | smacht$^L$ | smachtu |
| Accusative | smacht$^N$ | smacht$^L$ | smachtu |
| Genitive | smachto$^H$, smachta$^H$ | smachto$^L$, smachta$^L$ | smachtae$^N$ |
| Dative | smacht$^L$ | smachtaib | smachtaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Descendants

* Irish: smacht
* Scottish Gaelic: smachd

### References

* MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “smachd”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “smacht”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language