# कोश
## Hindi
### Alternative forms

* कोष (koṣ)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कोश (kośa).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /koːʃ/

### Noun

कोश • (koś) m (Urdu spelling کوش)
* treasury, store
* dictionary, lexicon
    Synonym: शब्दकोश (śabdakoś)

#### Derived terms

* शब्दकोश (śabdakoś)
* विश्वकोश (viśvakoś)
* कोशिका (kośikā)
* कोशकला (kośaklā)
* ज्ञानकोष (jñānkoṣ)
* अंडकोष (aṇḍkoṣ)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* कोष (koṣa) — in Classical period

### Alternative scripts

* কোশ (Assamese script)
* ᬓᭀᬰ (Balinese script)
* কোশ (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰺𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑁄𑀰 (Brahmi script)
* ကောၐ (Burmese script)
* કોશ (Gujarati script)
* ਕੋਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑍋𑌶 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦺꦴꦯ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂷𑂬 (Kaithi script)
* ಕೋಶ (Kannada script)
* កោឝ (Khmer script)
* ໂກຨ (Lao script)
* കോശ (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᠣᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘻𑘫 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠣᠸᠠᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧜𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑑀𑐱 (Newa script)
* କୋଶ (Odia script)
* ꢒꣂꢯ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆾𑆯 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖺𑖫 (Siddham script)
* කොශ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩕𑩿 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚴𑚧 (Takri script)
* கோஶ (Tamil script)
* కోశ (Telugu script)
* โกศ (Thai script)
* ཀོ་ཤ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒼𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨆𑨮 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Probably from the verb कुश्यति (kuśyati, “to embrace, enfold”), related to कुक्षि (kukṣí, “belly, interior”) and कोष्ठ (koṣṭha, “viscera of the body”), or from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káwćas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kówH-ḱo-s, probably from *(s)kewH-. Compare Kamkata-viri kuć, kyuć, Lithuanian káušas.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kɐw.ɕɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈkoː.ɕɐ/

### Noun

कोश • (kóśa) stem, m or n
* cask, vessel for holding liquids, (metaphorically) cloud
** RV 3.32.15
    आपूर्णो अस्य कलशः सवाहा सेक्तेव कोशं सिसिचे पिबध्यै |
    समु परिया आवव्र्त्रन मदाय परदक्षिणिदभि सोमासैन्द्रम ||
       āpūrṇo asya kalaśaḥ svāhā sekteva kośaṃ sisice pibadhyai |
       samu priyā āvavṛtran madāya pradakṣiṇidabhi somāsaindram||
          Full is his chalice: Glory! Like a pourer I have filled up the vessel for his drinking.
          Presented on the right, dear Soma juices have brought us Indra, to rejoice him, hither.
* pail, bucket
** RV 9.76.5
    वर्षेव यूथा परि कोशमर्षस्यपामुपस्थे वर्षभः कनिक्रदत |
    स इन्द्राय पवसे मत्सरिन्तमो यथा जेषाम समिथे तवोतयः ||
       vṛṣeva yūthā pari kośamarṣasyapāmupasthe vṛṣabhaḥ kanikradat |
       sa indrāya pavase matsarintamo yathā jeṣāma samithe tvotayaḥ ||
          Like as a bull to herds, thou flowest to the pail, bellowing as a steer upon the water's lap.
          So, best of Cheerers, thou for Indra flowest on that we, with thy protection, may o’ercome in fight.
* drinking-vessel, cup
* box, cupboard, drawer, trunk
** RV 6.47.22
    परस्तोक इन नु राधसस्त इन्द्र दश कोशयीर्दश वाजिनो.अदात |
    दिवोदासादतिथिग्वस्य राधः शाम्बरं वसु परत्यग्रभीष्म ||
       prastoka in nu rādhasasta indra daśa kośayīrdaśa vājino.adāt |
       divodāsādatithighvasya rādhaḥ śāmbaraṃ vasu pratyaghrabhīṣma ||
          Out of thy bounty, Indra, hath Prastoka bestowed ten coffers and ten mettled horses.
          We have received in turn from Divodāsa Śambara's wealth, the gift of Atithigva.
* the interior or inner part of a carriage
* sheath, scabbard
* case, covering, cover
* store-room, store, provisions
* treasury, apartment where money or plate is kept, treasure, accumulated wealth (gold or silver, wrought or unwrought, as plate, jewellery, etc.)
* (medicine) a kind of bandage
* dictionary, lexicon or vocabulary - kosha
* poetical collection, collection of sentences
* (botany) bud, flower-cup, seed-vessel
    बीजकोश ― bījakośa ― seed-vessel
* (botany) the sheath or integument of a plant, pod, nut-shell
* nutmeg
* the inner part of the fruit of Artocarpus integrifolia and of similar fruits
* silk-worm cocoon
* the membrane covering an egg (in the womb)
* (anatomy) vulva
* (anatomy) testicle, scrotum
* (anatomy) penis
* egg
* (in Vedânta philosophy) kosha: a term for the three sheaths or succession of cases which make up the various frames of the body enveloping the soul
* (at the end of a compound) a ball or globe
    सूत्रकोश ― sūtrakośa ― a ball of thread
    नेत्रकोश ― netrakośa ― the eye-ball
* the water used at an ordeal or judicial trial (the defendant drinks thrice of it after some idol has been washed in it)
* oath
* a cup used in the ratification of a treaty of peace
    कोशंपिबति ― kośaṃ-√pā ― to drink from that cup
* name of a particular conjunction of planets
* name of the 2nd astrological mansion
* (Buddhism) name of a collection of Gāthā verses

#### Derived terms

* कोशकार (kośakāra)
* कोशकारक (kośakāraka)
* कोशकारकीट (kośakārakīṭa)
* कोशकारवसन (kośakāravasana)
* कोशकारिका (kośakārikā)
* कोशकारी (kośakārī)
* कोशकालिन् (kośakālin)
* कोशकाली (kośakālī)
* कोशकृत् (kośakṛt)
* कोशगृह (kośagṛha)
* कोशग्रहण (kośagrahaṇa)
* कोशचञ्चु (kośacañcu)
* कोशज (kośaja)
* कोशजात (kośajāta)
* कोशदास (kośadāsa)
* कोशधान्य (kośadhānya)
* कोशधावन (kośadhāvana)
* कोशनायक (kośanāyaka)
* कोशपाल (kośapāla)
* कोशपीथिन् (kośapīthin)
* कोशपेटक (kośapeṭaka)
* कोशफल (kośaphala)
* कोशफला (kośaphalā)
* कोशभूता (kośabhūtā)
* कोशरक्षिन् (kośarakṣin)
* कोशवती (kośavatī)
* कोशवत् (kośavat)
* कोशवारि (kośavāri)
* कोशवासिन् (kośavāsin)
* कोशवाहन (kośavāhana)
* कोशवृद्धि (kośavṛddhi)
* कोशवेश्मन् (kośaveśman)
* कोशशायिका (kośaśāyikā)
* कोशशुद्धि (kośaśuddhi)
* कोशस्कृत् (kośaskṛt)
* कोशस्थ (kośastha)
* कोशहीन (kośahīna)
* कौशेय (kauśeya)

#### Descendants

* → Assamese: কোশ (küx)
* → Bengali: কোশ (kōś), কোষ (kōś)
* → English: kosha
* → Hindi: कोश (koś)
* → Malay: kosa
** Indonesian: kosa
* Nepali: कोश् (koś) / कोसो (koso)
* → Odia: କୋଷ (kosha)
* Sindhi: ڪوشُ
* → Tamil: கோசம் (kōcam)
* → Telugu: కోశము (kōśamu)
* → Thai: โกศ (gòot)
* Pali: kosa
* → Punjabi: ਕੋਸ਼ (koś, “store, glossary, lexicon”)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “कोश”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0314/1.
* “कोश” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 134.
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “कोश”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 075
* Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 252
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 403-404