OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# vahventua
## Finnish
### Etymology

vahventaa +‎ -ua

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋɑhʋentuɑˣ/, [ˈʋɑ̝xʋe̞n̪ˌt̪uɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -uɑ
* Hyphenation: vah‧ven‧tua

### Verb

vahventua
* (intransitive) To become stronger, strengthen.

#### Derived terms

* vahventuminen

### Further reading

* “vahventua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
# napoletano
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin neāpolītānus, from Neāpolis (“Naples”), from Ancient Greek Νεᾱ́πολῐς (Neā́polĭs, literally “new city”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na.po.leˈta.no/
* Rhymes: -ano
* Hyphenation: na‧po‧le‧tà‧no

### Adjective

napoletano (feminine napoletana, masculine plural napoletani, feminine plural napoletane)
* Neapolitan (of, from or relating to Naples)
    Synonym: partenopeo
    Hypernyms: campano, italiano

### Noun

napoletano m (plural napoletani, feminine napoletana)
* Neapolitan (native or inhabitant of Naples) (male or of unspecified gender)
    Synonym: partenopeo
    Hypernyms: campano, italiano

#### Descendants

* Ottoman Turkish: ناپولتان (Napoltan)

### Noun

napoletano m (uncountable)
* Neapolitan (language)

#### Derived terms

* napoletana
* napoletanismo
* napoletanità

#### Related terms

* Napoli
# fyzicky
## Czech
### Alternative forms

* fysicky (dated)

### Etymology

From fyzický +‎ -y.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfɪzɪt͡skɪ]

### Adverb

fyzicky (comparative fyzičtěji, superlative nejfyzičtěji)
* physically
    Synonym: tělesně

### Further reading

* “fysicky”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “fyzicky”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “fyzicky”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# Bascais
## Irish
### Etymology

From French basque (“Basque”) + -is.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbˠasˠkəʃ/

### Proper noun

Bascais f (genitive Bascaise)
* the Basque language

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
Bascais
vocative
a Bhascais
genitive
Bascaise
dative
Bascais
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an Bhascais
genitive
na Bascaise
dative
leis an mBascais don Bhascais :

#### Related terms

* Bascach (“Basque”, adjective)
* Bascach m (“Basque”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “Bascais”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “Bascais”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “Bascais”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
# eutrofie
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek εὐτροφία (eutrophía).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

eutrofie f (uncountable)
* (ecology, geography) eutrophy

#### Derived terms

* eutroficatie
* eutrofiëren
* eutrofisch
* eutroof

#### Related terms

* atrofie
* hypertrofie
* hypotrofie

### Further reading

* eutrofie on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$

## Italian
### Noun

eutrofie f
* plural of eutrofia

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French eutrophie.

### Noun

eutrofie f (plural eutrofii)
* eutrophy
# encapsulation
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

encapsulation (countable and uncountable, plural encapsulations)
* The act of enclosing in a capsule; the growth of a membrane around (any part) so as to enclose it in a capsule.
* (programming, object-oriented programming) Grouping together an object’s ‘state’ (its data) and the operations that may alter or interrogate it (its methods).
* (networking) The process of arranging data into packets that can be transmitted using a given protocol.

#### Derived terms

* bioencapsulation
* hyperencapsulation
* macroencapsulation
* microencapsulation
* nanoencapsulation
* photoencapsulation

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Huw Collingbourne, The Book of Ruby, ‘Encapsulation’ or ‘Information Hiding’?, page 140

## French
### Etymology

From en- +‎ capsule +‎ -ation.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑ̃.kap.sy.la.sjɔ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

encapsulation f (plural encapsulations)
* encapsulation
* (object-oriented programming) encapsulation
# paalı
## Crimean Tatar

Other scripts :
| Cyrillic | паалы |
| Roman | |

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: pa‧a‧lı

### Adjective

paalı
* expensive

#### Derived terms

* paalılaşmaq
* paalılıq

### References

* “paalı”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Gagauz
### Etymology

By surface analysis, paa +‎ -lı. Compare Turkish pahalı.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɑːˈɫɯ/
* Hyphenation: paa‧lı

### Adjective

paalı
* worthy, precious, important
* (formal) added before the name or title of a group of people which is addressed while addressing a group of people during a formal speech, memo, note, book, article etc. esteemed, honorable, dear.
* expensive
# candan
## Spanish
### Verb

candan
* third-person plural present indicative of candar

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish جاندن (candan, “cordially; cordial”), from جان (can), equivalent to can (“life, soul, heart”) +‎ -dan (ablative suffix), literally “from the soul, or the heart”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒanˈdan/
* Hyphenation: can‧dan

### Adjective

candan
* (figuratively) From the heart; deep, sincere, cordial
    Synonyms: içten, içtenlikli, gönülden, yürekten, kalpten, samimi

#### Declension
### Adverb

candan
* (figuratively) sincerely, cordially

### Noun

candan
* ablative singular of can

#### Related terms

* can havliyle
* can pahasına
* cana yakın
* candan yürekten
* canıgönülden
* canla başla

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “جاندن”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 638
* ↑ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “جاندن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 431

### Further reading

* “candan”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “candan”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 753
# dystopian
## English
### Etymology

From dystopia +‎ -an.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /dɪsˈtoʊ.pi.ən/

### Adjective

dystopian (comparative more dystopian, superlative most dystopian)
* Of or pertaining to a dystopia.
** 2012 March 22, Scott Tobias, “The Hunger Games”, in AV Club‎:If Suzanne Collins’ novel The Hunger Games turns up on middle-school curricula 50 years from now—and as accessible dystopian science fiction with allusions to early-21st-century strife, that isn’t out of the question—the lazy students of the future can be assured that they can watch the movie version and still get better than a passing grade.
** 2019 June 30, Philip Oltermann, quoting Tom Hillenbrand, “German sci-fi fans lap up dystopian tales of Brexit Britain”, in The Guardian‎:In my book Britain has actually worked out how it wants to leave and the EU is preparing a new constitution as a result. The real Brexit is actually much more dystopian.
** 2020 January 17, Amy Chozick, “This Is the Guy Who’s Taking Away the Likes”, in New York Times‎:He kept thinking about an episode of “Black Mirror,” the British dystopian anthology series, in which the characters rate everyone they interact with on a scale of 1 to 5 stars. (It doesn’t end well.)
** 2023 June 7, Samira Asma-Sadeque, “‘It’s too much’: New Yorkers don masks or stay inside amid smog crisis”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:The whole city is immersed in a dystopian-looking smog: urban streets in sepia, emptier than usual, bathed in an eerie quiet.
* Dire; characterized by human suffering or misery.

#### Derived terms

* antidystopian
* dystopianism

#### Translations
## Finnish
### Noun

dystopian
* genitive singular of dystopia
# preprocess
## English
### Alternative forms

* pre-process

### Etymology

From pre- +‎ process.

### Verb

preprocess (third-person singular simple present preprocesses, present participle preprocessing, simple past and past participle preprocessed)
* (computing) To process in advance.
    Antonym: postprocess
    Coordinate term: reprocess
** 2001, Mark A. DeLoura, editor, Game Programming Gems 2‎, Charles River Media, Inc., →ISBN:If the desired result is to perform the smallest possible rotation between each pair of two orientations, you can preprocess the quaternions to achieve this.
** 2002, Sing-Tze Bow, editor, Pattern Recognition and Image Preprocessing‎, Marcel Dekker, Inc., →ISBN:In pattern recognition we can divide an entire task into three phases: data acquisition, data preprocessing, and decision classification.
** 2006, Brian Larson, Delivering Business Intelligence with Microsoft SQL Server 2005, Osborne/McGraw-Hill, →ISBN:To obtain the same performance benefits of traditional OLAP systems, a UDM uses preprocessed aggregates.

#### See also

* postmodify
* premodify
# Stáit Bhalcánacha
## Irish
### Proper noun

Na Stáit Bhalcánacha m pl
* the Balkan States

#### Related terms

* An Leithinis Bhalcánach f (“the Balkan Peninsula”)
* Balcánach (“Balkan”, adjective)
* Balcánach m (“a Balkan person”)
* Na Balcáin m pl (“the Balkans”)
# cotransport
## English
### Etymology

From co- +‎ transport.

### Noun

cotransport (countable and uncountable, plural cotransports)
* The simultaneous transport of two substances (across a biological membrane).

### Verb

cotransport (third-person singular simple present cotransports, present participle cotransporting, simple past and past participle cotransported)
* To transport two substances simultaneously (across a biological membrane).

#### Derived terms

* cotransporter
# athlète
## French
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin āthlēta, borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀθλητής (athlētḗs), from ᾱ̓θλέω (āthléō) + -τής (-tḗs).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.tlɛt/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

athlète m or f by sense (plural athlètes)
* athlete
    C’est un des plus grands athlètes de tous les temps.He is one of the greatest athletes of all time.

#### Derived terms

* athlétisme
* para-athlète / parathlète
* pied d’athlète

### Further reading

* “athlète”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# draughtless
## English
### Etymology

From draught +‎ -less.

### Adjective

draughtless (not comparable)
* Without draughts (air currents).

#### Derived terms

* draughtlessness
# driftless
## English
### Etymology

From drift +‎ -less.

### Adjective

driftless (comparative more driftless, superlative most driftless)
* Having no goal or direction; aimless; purposeless
** 1898, Charles Gavan Duffy, s:My Life in Two Hemispheres, Chapter 2:But the society into which I was now introduced swarmed with the gipsies of literature, men who lived careless, driftless lives, without thought of to-morrow.
* Without a drift (mass of matter thrown together, especially by wind or water).
* Random; having no fixed direction.
    driftless control system
    driftless Wiener process

#### Derived terms

* Driftless Area
* driftlessly
* driftlessness

### References

* ↑ “driftless”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# будай
## Kumyk
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bugday.

### Noun

будай • (buday)
* wheat

#### Declension

| | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | будай (buday) | будайлар (budaylar) |
| accusative | будайны (budaynı) | будайланы (budaylanı) |
| dative | будайгъа (budayğa) | будайлагъа (budaylağa) |
| locative | будайда (budayda) | будайларда (budaylarda) |
| ablative | будайдан (budaydan) | будайлардан (budaylardan) |
| genitive | будайны (budaynı) | будайланы (budaylanı) |
| 1sg | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | будайым (budayım) | будайларым (budaylarım) |
| accusative | будайымны (budayımnı) | будайларымны (budaylarımnı) |
| dative | будайымгъа (budayımğa) | будайларыма (budaylarıma) |
| locative | будайымда (budayımda) | будайларымда (budaylarımda) |
| ablative | будайымдан (budayımdan) | будайларымдан (budaylarımdan) |
| genitive | будайымны (budayımnı) | будайларымны (budaylarımnı) |
| 1pl | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | будайыбыз (budayıbız) | будайларыбыз (budaylarıbız) |
| accusative | будайыбызны (budayıbıznı) | будайларыбызны (budaylarıbıznı) |
| dative | будайыбызгъа (budayıbızğa) | будайларыбызгъа (budaylarıbızğa) |
| locative | будайыбызда (budayıbızda) | будайларыбызда (budaylarıbızda) |
| ablative | будайыбыздан (budayıbızdan) | будайларыбыздан (budaylarıbızdan) |
| genitive | будайыбызны (budayıbıznı) | будайларыбызны (budaylarıbıznı) |
| 2sg | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | будайынгъ (budayınğ) | будайларынгъ (budaylarınğ) |
| accusative | будайынгъны (budayınğnı) | будайларынгъны (budaylarınğnı) |
| dative | будайынгъа (budayınğa) | будайларынгъа (budaylarınğa) |
| locative | будайынгъда (budayınğda) | будайларынгъда (budaylarınğda) |
| ablative | будайынгъдан (budayınğdan) | будайларынгъдан (budaylarınğdan) |
| genitive | будайынгъны (budayınğnı) | будайларынгъны (budaylarınğnı) |
| 2pl | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | будайыгъыз (budayığız) | будайларыгъыз (budaylarığız) |
| accusative | будайыгъызны (budayığıznı) | будайларыгъызны (budaylarığıznı) |
| dative | будайыгъызгъа (budayığızğa) | будайларыгъызгъа (budaylarığızğa) |
| locative | будайыгъызда (budayığızda) | будайларыгъызда (budaylarığızda) |
| ablative | будайыгъыздан (budayığızdan) | будайларыбыздан (budaylarıbızdan) |
| genitive | будайыгъызны (budayığıznı) | будайларыгъызны (budaylarığıznı) |
| 3 | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | будайы (budayı) | будайлары (budayları) |
| accusative | будайын (budayın) | будайларын (budayların) |
| dative | будайына (budayına) | будайларына (budaylarına) |
| locative | будайында (budayında) | будайларында (budaylarında) |
| ablative | будайындан (budayından) | будайларындан (budaylarından) |
| genitive | будайыны (budayını) | будайларыны (budaylarını) |

#### Derived terms

* арышбудай (arışbuday)
* будайбаш (budaybaş)
* будайлыкъ (budaylıq)
* будайчы (budayçı)
* къарабудай (qarabuday)

### Further reading

* Бамматов Б.Г., editor (2013), “будай”, in Кумыкско-русский словарь [Kumyk–Russian dictionary], Makhachkala: ИЯЛИ ДНЦ РАН
# chirographist
## English
### Alternative forms

* chirographer

### Noun

chirographist (plural chirographists)
* A chirographer; a writer or engrosser.
* One who tells fortunes by examining the hand.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “chirographist”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
# tabule
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtabulɛ]

### Noun

tabule f
* blackboard, chalkboard
* sheet (of glass or similar material)

#### Derived terms

* směrová tabule
* tabulka

#### Related terms

* tabulátor

### Further reading

* “tabule”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “tabule”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “tabule”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ta.byl/
* Homophones: tabulent, tabules

### Verb

tabule
* inflection of tabuler:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

## Old English
### Etymology

From Latin tabula (“tablet, board, plank, chart”), ultimately from Proto-Italic *taðla.

### Noun

tabule f
* table
* tablet for writing

#### Declension

Weak:

#### Descendants

* English: table

## Portuguese
### Verb

tabule
* inflection of tabular:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taˈbule/ [t̪aˈβ̞u.le]
* Rhymes: -ule
* Syllabification: ta‧bu‧le

### Verb

tabule
* inflection of tabular:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
# περικυκλώνω
## Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek περικυκλόω (perikuklóō) with -ώνω (-óno) ending. By surface analysis, περι- (peri-) +‎ κυκλώνω (kyklóno).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pe.ɾi.ciˈklo.no/
* Hyphenation: πε‧ρι‧κυ‧κλώ‧νω

### Verb

περικυκλώνω • (perikyklóno) (past περικύκλωσα, passive περικυκλώνομαι)
* (transitive, often military) to surround, to encircle (on all sides)

#### Related terms

* κυκλώνω (kyklóno)
* περικύκλωση f (perikýklosi)

### See also

* περικλείω (perikleío, “to encircle, to fence”)

### References

* ↑ περικυκλώνω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# etidronic
## English
### Etymology

ethyl +‎ -dronate +‎ -ic

### Adjective

etidronic (comparative more etidronic, superlative most etidronic)
* Composed of or derived from a bisphosphonate compound combined with an ethyl group, especially etidronic acid.
** 2016, Sarah Hickam, Peter C. Burns, “Oxo Clusters of 5f elements”, in Zhiping Zheng, editor, Recent Development in Clusters of Rare Earths and Actinides, page 138:In recent years, new topologies of uranyl peroxide cage clusters have been achieved using carboxyphosphonate and etidronic ligands.

#### Derived terms

* etidronate
# incontestable
## English
### Etymology

From in- +‎ contestable.

### Adjective

incontestable (comparative more incontestable, superlative most incontestable)
* Not contestable; indisputable; certain
    Synonym: incontrovertible
    That he was the greatest 100m runner of his generation was incontestable.

#### Derived terms

* incontestableness
* incontestability
* incontestably

#### Translations
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [iŋ.kun.təsˈtab.blə]
* IPA: (Balearic) [iŋ.kon.təsˈtab.blə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [iŋ.kon.tesˈta.ble]

### Adjective

incontestable m or f (masculine and feminine plural incontestables)
* incontestable
    Synonym: indiscutible
    Antonym: contestable

### Further reading

* “incontestable” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “incontestable”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “incontestable” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “incontestable” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## French
### Etymology

From in- +‎ contestable.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ̃.kɔ̃.tɛs.tabl/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

incontestable (plural incontestables)
* incontestable
    Synonym: indubitable

#### Derived terms

* incontestablement

### Further reading

* “incontestable”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /inkontesˈtable/ [ĩŋ.kõn̪.t̪esˈt̪a.β̞le]
* Rhymes: -able
* Syllabification: in‧con‧tes‧ta‧ble

### Adjective

incontestable m or f (masculine and feminine plural incontestables)
* incontestable

#### Derived terms

* incontestabilidad
* incontestablemente

### Further reading

* “incontestable”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# cieplica
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish cieplica. By surface analysis, ciepły +‎ -ica. Compare Russian тепли́ца (teplíca), Ukrainian тепли́ця (teplýcja).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ɕɛˈpli.t͡sa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -it͡sa
* Syllabification: cie‧pli‧ca

### Noun

cieplica f
* hot spring (natural place with hot water)
    Synonyms: gorące źródło, źródło termalne, źródło ciepłe
* (archaic) bathhouse
    Synonyms: łaźnia, bania, terma

#### Derived terms

* cieplicowy
* cieplice

### Further reading

* cieplica in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# degradability
## English
### Etymology

From degrade +‎ -ability.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /dɪˌɡɹeɪdəˈbɪlɪti/

### Noun

degradability (countable and uncountable, plural degradabilities)
* (uncountable) The condition of being degradable.
** 1991, Edible Coating Barriers for Moisture Protection of Raisins:Some corporate technomarketing strategies attempt to capitalize on consumer technical unawareness of degradability.
* (countable) A measure of the extent to which something is degradable.

#### Derived terms

* antidegradability
* photodegradability
* undegradability
# monarchist
## English
### Etymology

From French monarchiste, equivalent to monarchy +‎ -ist.

### Noun

monarchist (plural monarchists)
* A supporter of, or believer in, monarchy.

#### Antonyms

* republican

#### Derived terms

* anti-monarchist
* constitutional monarchist

#### Related terms

* royalist

#### Translations
### References

* “monarchist”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* chromatins, chromistan

## Dutch
### Etymology

Probably borrowed from French monarchiste or German Monarchist.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌmoː.nɑrˈxɪst/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: mo‧nar‧chist
* Rhymes: -ɪst

### Noun

monarchist m (plural monarchisten)
* monarchist [from late 18th c.]

#### Derived terms

* monarchistisch

#### Related terms

* monarch
* monarchaal
* monarchisch
* monarchie
* monarchisme
# aftar
## Old High German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaf.tar/

### Adverb

aftar
* Alternative form of after

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *after, whence also Old High German after, Old English æfter, Old Norse aptr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑf.tɑr/

### Preposition

aftar (+ dative)
* after
    aftar twēm dagum
       after two days
** 9th c. Heliand, verse 3880
    ēn aftar ōđrumu...one after another...

### Adverb

aftar
* behind
* after
* back