# ceap
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /capˠ/, (Cois Fharraige) [cæːpˠ]

### Etymology 1

From Middle Irish cepp (“tree stump; stock”), from Latin cippus (“stake”). The verb is denominal from the noun.

#### Noun

ceap m (genitive singular cip, nominative plural ceapa)
* block (cuboid base for cutting)
* base (something from which other things extend)
* pad (block of paper; flat surface where an aircraft may land or be launched)

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
ceap
ceapa
vocative
a chip
a cheapa
genitive
cip
ceap
dative
ceap
ceapa
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an ceap
na ceapa
genitive
an chip
na gceap
dative
leis an gceap don cheap
leis na ceapa :

##### Derived terms

* ceap búistéara (“chopping-block”)
* ceap ceangail (“bollard, bitt; bitts”)
* ceap magaidh (“laughing-stock”)
* ceap oifigí (“office block”)
* ceap rotha (“nave of wheel”)
* ceap tithe (“block of houses”)
* ceap tuisle (“stumbling block”)
* cipín

#### Verb

ceap (present analytic ceapann, future analytic ceapfaidh, verbal noun ceapadh, past participle ceaptha) (transitive, intransitive)
* to invent
* to appoint, assign (name to a post, select for a position)
* to think (communicate to oneself in one’s mind, be of the opinion that, guess, reckon)
* to catch (capture or snare, intercept an object in the air etc.)

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | ceapaim | ceapann tú; ceapair$^†$ | ceapann sé, sí | ceapaimid | ceapann sibh | ceapann siad; ceapaid$^†$ | a cheapann; a cheapas / a gceapann* | ceaptar |
| indicative | past | cheap mé; cheapas | cheap tú; cheapais | cheap sé, sí | cheapamar; cheap muid | cheap sibh; cheapabhair | cheap siad; cheapadar | a cheap / ar cheap* | ceapadh |
| indicative | past habitual | cheapainn / gceapainn‡‡ | cheaptá / gceaptá‡‡ | cheapadh sé, sí / gceapadh sé, sí‡‡ | cheapaimis; cheapadh muid / gceapaimis‡‡; gceapadh muid‡‡ | cheapadh sibh / gceapadh sibh‡‡ | cheapaidís; cheapadh siad / gceapaidís‡‡; gceapadh siad‡‡ | a cheapadh / a gceapadh* | cheaptaí / gceaptaí‡‡ |
| future | future | ceapfaidh mé; ceapfad | ceapfaidh tú; ceapfair$^†$ | ceapfaidh sé, sí | ceapfaimid; ceapfaidh muid | ceapfaidh sibh | ceapfaidh siad; ceapfaid$^†$ | a cheapfaidh; a cheapfas / a gceapfaidh* | ceapfar |
| conditional | conditional | cheapfainn / gceapfainn‡‡ | cheapfá / gceapfá‡‡ | cheapfadh sé, sí / gceapfadh sé, sí‡‡ | cheapfaimis; cheapfadh muid / gceapfaimis‡‡; gceapfadh muid‡‡ | cheapfadh sibh / gceapfadh sibh‡‡ | cheapfaidís; cheapfadh siad / gceapfaidís‡‡; gceapfadh siad‡‡ | a cheapfadh / a gceapfadh* | cheapfaí / gceapfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go gceapa mé; go gceapad$^†$ | go gceapa tú; go gceapair$^†$ | go gceapa sé, sí | go gceapaimid; go gceapa muid | go gceapa sibh | go gceapa siad; go gceapaid$^†$ | — | go gceaptar |
| subjunctive | past | dá gceapainn | dá gceaptá | dá gceapadh sé, sí | dá gceapaimis; dá gceapadh muid | dá gceapadh sibh | dá gceapaidís; dá gceapadh siad | — | dá gceaptaí |
| imperative | imperative | ceapaim | ceap | ceapadh sé, sí | ceapaimis | ceapaigí; ceapaidh$^†$ | ceapaidís | — | ceaptar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | ceapadh | ceapadh | ceapadh | ceapadh | ceapadh | ceapadh | ceapadh | ceapadh |
| past participle | past participle | ceaptha | ceaptha | ceaptha | ceaptha | ceaptha | ceaptha | ceaptha | ceaptha |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

##### Derived terms

* ceapaire
* coincheap

### Etymology 2

From French cèpe, from Latin cippus (“stake”); see etymology 1.

#### Noun

ceap m (genitive singular cip, nominative plural ceapa)
* cep, porcini

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
ceap
ceapa
vocative
a chip
a cheapa
genitive
cip
ceap
dative
ceap
ceapa
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an ceap
na ceapa
genitive
an chip
na gceap
dative
leis an gceap don cheap
leis na ceapa :

##### Derived terms

* ceap dearnála (“darning mushroom”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000) Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, section 8, page 13
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 170
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 361, page 123
* ↑ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], page 314
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cepp”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ceppaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ceap”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “ceap”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 127
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “ceapaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 127
* “cep”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “ceap”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kaup (“trade, purchase”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃæ͜ɑːp/

### Noun

ċēap m
* cattle, any commodity
* sale
* trade
* bargain
* price
* property

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

#### Derived terms

* ċīepe (“for sale”)

#### Related terms

* ċēapian
* ċēapmann
* ċīepan

#### Descendants

* Middle English: chep, chepe
** English: cheap

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Middle Irish cepp (“tree stump; stock”), from Latin cippus (“stake”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʲʰɛhp/

### Noun

ceap m (genitive singular cip, plural cip or ceapan or ceapannan)
* block, lump
* last (shoemaker's)
* cap (head garment)
* cape (piece of land)
* fret (on a string instrument)

#### Derived terms

* buabhall Ceap (“Cape buffalo”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cepp”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language