# prj
## Egyptian
### Etymology 1

Possibly from Proto-Afroasiatic *par-/*pir- (“to go out”).

#### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /ˈpiːɾit/ → /ˈpiːɾiʔ/ → /ˈpiːɾa/ → /ˈpiːɾə/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ˈpiːɾit/
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ˈpiːɾiʔ/
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ˈpiːɾa/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ˈpiːɾə/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /pɛri/
** Conventional anglicization: peri

#### Verb

3ae inf.
* (intransitive) to emerge, to come out, to come forth, to go forth (+ m: from; + r: to, into (a place), against (someone); + n: to (someone); + ḥr: through (a door))
** c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 18–19: pr.n.f mḏḥ.w m wḏ n(j) gbb šzp.n.f ḥqꜣt jdbwj wrrt mn.tj m tp.fHe came forth wreathed at the command of Geb, having received the rulership of the Two Riverbanks (Egypt), the White Crown fixed upon his head.
* (intransitive, of besieged people) to come out, to surrender
* (intransitive, Late Egyptian, of land) to emerge or reappear after a flood, to no longer be flooded
* (intransitive) to escape (+ m or ẖr: from (fire, custody, danger in war, etc.))
* (intransitive) to ascend, to go up (+ r: to (a place); + tp or r tp: onto; + ḫr or n: to (someone); + r, m, or ḥr: up (a stairway))
** c. 2289 BCE – 2255 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Pepi I — west wall of the antechamber, line 22–23, spell 474.4–474.5: pr.f r.f jr pt mm sbꜣw mm j.ḫmw-skj ꜣt ppy tp.f šꜥt.f r gswj.f ḥkꜣw.f jr rd[wj.f]So he goes forth to the sky among the stars, among the circumpolar stars, with Pepi’s striking-power atop him, his viciousness at his sides, and his magic at his feet.
* (intransitive, of celestial bodies, gods, kings, and the dead) to appear, to emerge, to manifest (+ m: from, out of)
* (intransitive, of fire, voices, wind, storms, etc.) to break out, to burst forth, to emerge
* (intransitive) to be divinely created, to emerge (+ m: by, from (a god), from (a body part of a god))
* (intransitive) to be born (+ m: from (a person, a god, a belly, an egg, etc.))
* (intransitive, of goods, with m) to originate in (a place), to have one’s source or origin in
* (intransitive, of goods and offerings) to be produced, supplied, provided (+ m: by, from (a place); + n: to (someone))
* (intransitive, of people and names) to become well known, renowned, to come to stand out
** c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.12–2.1: jmj pr rn.k jw gr.k m r(ꜣ).k njs.t(w).kLet your reputation emerge, even as you stay quiet with your mouth when you are summoned.
* (intransitive, mathematics) to be subtracted

##### Alternative forms

| prj | prj | prj | prj | prj | prj | prj |
| [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] | [Late Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] |
| | | | | abbreviation |

##### Derived terms

* prj ẖr
* pr-m-ws
* pr-snt
* prt
* prt-ḫrw
* rw nw prt m hrw
* stẖ-pr-jb.sn

##### Descendants

* Bohairic Coptic: ⲫⲓⲣⲓ (phiri)
* Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲉⲓⲣⲉ (peire)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /pɛri/
** Conventional anglicization: peri

#### Noun

m
* battlefield

##### Alternative forms

| prj | ptrj | ptr |
| | | [Greco-Roman Period] |

### References

* “pri̯ (lemma ID 60920)” and “prj (lemma ID 60990)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 518–525.6, 532.1
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 90–91
* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 145.
* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E., Stolbova, Olga V. (1995) “*pa/ir-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
* ↑ Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume IV, Providence: Brown University, PT 474.4–474.5 (Pyr. 940a–940c), P