OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# socavar
## Spanish
### Etymology

From so- +‎ cavar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sokaˈbaɾ/ [so.kaˈβ̞aɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: so‧ca‧var

### Verb

socavar (first-person singular present socavo, first-person singular preterite socavé, past participle socavado)
* to undermine
** 2022 September 23, Ana Fuentes, “Estrasburgo ha dicho lo que era evidente desde hace años: Hungría no es una democracia plena”, in El País‎:Hoy sería impensable que Budapest entrase en la Unión. Pero como está dentro, se le permite socavar la separación de poderes y la libertad de prensa, y un discurso racista y homófobo[.](please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to burrow

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* socava
* socavación
* socavón

### Further reading

* “socavar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# tarniówka
## Polish
### Etymology

From tarń +‎ -ówka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tarˈɲuf.ka/
* Rhymes: -ufka
* Syllabification: tar‧niów‧ka

### Noun

tarniówka f
* (colloquial) sloe gin
    Synonym: jałowcówka

#### Related terms

* tarninowy
* tarniowy
* tarka
* tarnina
* tarnka
* tarń

### Further reading

* tarniówka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# octillion
## English
### Etymology

From oct- (“eight”) +‎ -illion.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ɒkˈtɪl.iː.ən/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪljən
* Hyphenation: oct‧il‧li‧on, oc‧til‧li‧on

### Numeral

octillion (plural octillions)
* (US, modern British and Australia, short scale) A thousand trillion trillion, a billion billion billion: 1 followed by 27 zeros, 10$^{27}$.
** 2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), pages 5–6:Altogether it takes seven billion billion billion (that’s 7,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, or seven octillion) atoms to make you.
* (dated British and Australia, long scale) A trillion quintillion: 1 followed by 48 zeros, 10$^{48}$.

#### Synonyms

* (10$^{27}$): a long scale quadrilliard
* (10$^{48}$): a short scale quindecillion

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* (short and long scale) Previous: septillion. Next: nonillion.

### Anagrams

* cotillion

## French
### Etymology

From oct- (“eight”) +‎ -illion.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔk.ti.ljɔ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Numeral

octillion m (plural octillions)
* quindecillion (10$^{48}$)
* (dated) octillion (10$^{27}$)

### Further reading

* “octillion”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# subjective
## English
### Etymology

From subject +‎ -ive.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/, /sʌbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛktɪv
* Hyphenation: sub‧ject‧ive

### Adjective

subjective (comparative more subjective, superlative most subjective)
* Formed, as in opinions, based upon a person's feelings or intuition, rather than upon observation or purely logical reasoning; coming more from within the observer than from observations of the external environment.
* Pertaining to subjects as opposed to objects (A subject is one who perceives or is aware; an object is the thing perceived or the thing that the subject is aware of.)
* Resulting from or pertaining to personal mindsets or experience, arising from perceptive mental conditions within the brain and not necessarily or directly from external stimuli.
** 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too. […] But as a foundation for analysis it is highly subjective: it rests on difficult decisions about what counts as a territory, what counts as output and how to value it. Indeed, economists are still tweaking it.
* Lacking in reality or substance.
* As used by Carl Jung, the innate worldview orientation of the introverted personality types.
* (philosophy, psychology) Experienced by a person mentally and not directly verifiable by others.
* (linguistics, grammar) Describing conjugation of a verb that indicates only the subject (agent), not indicating the object (patient) of the action. (In linguistic descriptions of Tundra Nenets, among others.)
** 2014, Irina Nikolaeva, A Grammar of Tundra Nenets, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, →ISBN:The general finite stem is the verbal stem which serves as the basis of inflection in the indicative present and past in the subjective conjugation and the objective conjugation with the singular and dual object.

#### Antonyms

* objective

#### Derived terms

* antisubjective
* intersubjective
* intrasubjective
* metasubjective
* nonsubjective
* semisubjective
* subjectivation
* subjective case
* subjectively
* subjectiveness
* subjective synonym
* subjective time
* subjectivism
* subjectivist
* subjectivity
* subjectivization
* subjectivize
* unsubjective

#### Translations
### Noun

subjective (plural subjectives)
* (grammar) The subjective case.
* (grammar) A noun or pronoun in the subjective case.

### Further reading

* "subjective" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 308.

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /syb.ʒɛk.tiv/

### Adjective

subjective
* feminine singular of subjectif
# lacero
## Ido
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /laˈt͡sero/

### Noun

lacero (plural laceri)
* rip, laceration

#### Derived terms

* lacerar
* laceresar
* lacerilo
* lacerita
* laceruro

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈla.t͡ʃe.ro/
* Rhymes: -atʃero
* Hyphenation: là‧ce‧ro

### Etymology 1

From Latin lacer.

#### Adjective

lacero (feminine lacera, masculine plural laceri, feminine plural lacere)
* torn, ripped
* ragged
* lacerated

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

lacero
* first-person singular present indicative of lacerare

### Anagrams

* Calore, Caorle, Learco, calerò, calore, carole, colare, colera, colerà, corale, creola, locare

## Latin
### Etymology

From lacer.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈla.ke.roː/, [ˈɫ̪äkɛroː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈla.t͡ʃe.ro/, [ˈläːt͡ʃero]

### Verb

lacerō (present infinitive lacerāre, perfect active lacerāvī, supine lacerātum); first conjugation
* to rend, tear to pieces
* to mutilate, lacerate
* to mangle
* to wreck, shatter, destroy

#### Related terms

* lacer
* lacerābilis
* lacerātiō
* lacerātor
* lacerātrix

#### Descendants

* Catalan: lacerar
* English: lacerate
* French: lacérer
* Galician: lacerar, laceira
* Italian: lacerare
* Portuguese: lacerar
* Spanish: lacerar, lazrar

### References

* “lacero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “lacero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* lacero in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to heap abuse on some one: maledictis aliquem onerare, lacerare to squander all one's property: lacerare bona sua (Verr. 3. 70. 164)

## Portuguese
### Verb

lacero
* first-person singular present indicative of lacerar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /laˈθeɾo/ [laˈθe.ɾo]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /laˈseɾo/ [laˈse.ɾo]
* Rhymes: -eɾo
* Syllabification: la‧ce‧ro

### Verb

lacero
* first-person singular present indicative of lacerar
# durmiente
## Spanish
### Etymology

From dormir (“to sleep”) +‎ -iente. The sense “railway sleeper” is a semantic loan from English sleeper.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /duɾˈmjente/ [d̪uɾˈmjẽn̪.t̪e]
* Rhymes: -ente
* Syllabification: dur‧mien‧te

### Adjective

durmiente m or f (masculine and feminine plural durmientes)
* sleeping, who sleeps
    La bella durmiente. ― The sleeping beauty.
* (heraldry) dormant

#### Derived terms

* célula durmiente (“sleeper cell”)

### Noun

durmiente m or f by sense (plural durmientes)
* sleeper (person or creature who is sleeping)
* (rail transport, Latin America) railway sleeper, tie
    Synonym: traviesa

#### Derived terms

* los siete durmientes

### Further reading

* “durmiente”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# sarmiento
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saɾˈmjento/ [saɾˈmjẽn̪.t̪o]
* Rhymes: -ento
* Syllabification: sar‧mien‧to

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin sarmentum.

#### Noun

sarmiento m (plural sarmientos)
* vine shoot

##### Related terms

* sarmentar

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

sarmiento
* first-person singular present indicative of sarmentar

### Further reading

* “sarmiento”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# amoldar
## Spanish
### Etymology

From a- +‎ molde +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /amolˈdaɾ/ [a.mol̪ˈd̪aɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: a‧mol‧dar

### Verb

amoldar (first-person singular present amoldo, first-person singular preterite amoldé, past participle amoldado)
* (transitive, reflexive) to mold

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* amoldable

### Further reading

* “amoldar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# cumplir
## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish cumplir~complir, from Vulgar Latin *complīre, from Latin complēre. The retention of /pl/ is unusual and perhaps reflects some form of conservative tendency. Cf. henchir < *implīre < implēre for the more usual outcome. Compare also Portuguese cumprir, which shows a similar lack of palatalization.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kumˈpliɾ/ [kũmˈpliɾ]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -iɾ
* Syllabification: cum‧plir

### Verb

cumplir (first-person singular present cumplo, first-person singular preterite cumplí, past participle cumplido)
* to fulfil, to fulfill, to meet, to deliver (e.g., requirements, prerequisites, promise, vow)
    No prometas lo que no puedas cumplir.Do not promise what you cannot deliver.
* to achieve, to accomplish, to carry out, to perform, to complete, to discharge, to fulfil (e.g., one's duties, responsibilities)
* to turn a certain age (usually succeeded by los, although not necessary)
    Cumplí los 18 años el mes pasado.I turned 18 last month.
    Ella vivió con sus padres hasta que cumplió 20 años.She lived with her parents until she turned 20.
* to serve (e.g., a prison sentence, an allotted time of punishment)
* to comply
* (reflexive) to comply with; to be fulfilled, met, honored, implemented, satisfied, performed, observed, respected, followed
* (reflexive) to be served (e.g. a prison sentence or punishment)
* (pronominal) to come true, to be fulfilled

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* cumpleaños
* cumplido
* cumplidor
* cumplimiento
* por cumplir

#### Related terms

* complemento
* completo

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “cumplir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 290

### Further reading

* “cumplir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# windykacja
## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin vindicātiō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vin.dɘˈka.t͡sja/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -at͡sja
* Syllabification: win‧dy‧ka‧cja

### Noun

windykacja f (related adjective windykacyjny)
* (law) debt collection (process of pursuing payments of debts owed by individuals or businesses)
    Synonym: inkaso

#### Related terms

* windykator
* windykować impf

### Further reading

* windykacja in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# on tiptoe
## English
### Prepositional phrase

on tiptoe
* Standing elevated on the tips of one's toes.
* Moving carefully, quietly, warily or stealthily on the tips of one's toes.
    We crept out on tiptoe so as not to awake the children.

#### Synonyms

* (adverbial): atiptoe, en pointe (ballet), tiptoeingly (rare)
* (adjectival): atiptoe, tiptoeing
# teleología
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /teleoloˈxia/ [t̪e.le.o.loˈxi.a]
* Rhymes: -ia
* Syllabification: te‧le‧o‧lo‧gí‧a

### Noun

teleología f (plural teleologías)
* teleology

#### Derived terms

* teleológico

### Further reading

* “teleología”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# pasmado
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /pazˈma.du/
* (Brazil) IPA: /pazˈma.du/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /paʒˈma.du/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /pazˈma.do/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɐʒˈma.du/ [pɐʒˈma.ðu]
* Hyphenation: pas‧ma‧do

### Adjective

pasmado (feminine pasmada, masculine plural pasmados, feminine plural pasmadas)
* astonished; in awe
    Synonyms: pasmo, surpreso

### Participle

pasmado (feminine pasmada, masculine plural pasmados, feminine plural pasmadas)
* past participle of pasmar

## Spanish
### Etymology

Past participle of pasmar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pasˈmado/ [pazˈma.ð̞o]
* Rhymes: -ado
* Syllabification: pas‧ma‧do

### Adjective

pasmado (feminine pasmada, masculine plural pasmados, feminine plural pasmadas)
* astounded, stunned
* with bated breath
* absent-minded
* (heraldry) open-mouthed (fish)

#### See also

* boquiabierto

### Participle

pasmado (feminine pasmada, masculine plural pasmados, feminine plural pasmadas)
* past participle of pasmar

### Further reading

* “pasmado”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish pasmado (“astonished; frozen stiff”). By surface analysis, pasma +‎ -ado.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /pasˈmado/ [pɐsˈmaː.d̪o]
* Rhymes: -ado
* Syllabification: pas‧ma‧do

### Adjective

pasmado (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜐ᜔ᜋᜇᜓ)
* suffering from pasma (categorized by hand tremors, palm sweating, numbness, and pain)

#### Related terms

* pasma

### Further reading

* “pasmado”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
# hipsometría
## Spanish
### Etymology

From hipsómetro +‎ -ía or Ancient Greek ῠ̔́ψος (hŭ́psos) +‎ -metría.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ibsomeˈtɾia/ [iβ̞.so.meˈt̪ɾi.a]
* Rhymes: -ia
* Syllabification: hip‧so‧me‧trí‧a

### Noun

hipsometría f (plural hipsometrías)
* (geography, metrology) hypsometry
    Synonym: altimetría

#### Derived terms

* hipsométrico

### Further reading

* “hipsometría”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# kitesurfing
## English
### Alternative forms

* kite surfing

### Etymology

From kite +‎ surfing.

### Noun

kitesurfing (uncountable)
* A type of kiteboarding that happens in the water, where the rider is on a surfboard and is propelled by a power kite.

#### Synonyms

* kiteboarding

### Verb

kitesurfing
* present participle and gerund of kitesurf

#### Translations
## Polish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English kitesurfing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kajtˈsɛr.fiŋk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛrfiŋk
* Syllabification: kite‧sur‧fing

### Noun

kitesurfing m inan
* (sailing, surfing) kitesurfing
    Synonym: kiteboarding

#### Derived terms

* kitesurfingowy

#### Related terms

* kitesurfer
* kitesurferka

### Further reading

* kitesurfing in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kitesurfing in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Spanish
### Noun

kitesurfing m (uncountable)
* kitesurfing
# blastoporal
## English
### Etymology

From blastopore +‎ -al.

### Adjective

blastoporal (not comparable)
* (biology) Pertaining to a blastopore; blastoporic.

#### Derived terms

* circumblastoporal
* suprablastoporal
# cizí
## Czech
### Alternative forms

* cizej (informal)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech cuzí, from Proto-Slavic *ťuďь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *t(j)autāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sɪziː]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪziː

### Adjective

cizí
* strange, unfamiliar (not yet part of one's experience)
    Synonym: neznámý
    Antonym: vlastní
    být v cizí kůži ― to be in someone else's shoes
* foreign
    cizí měny ― foreign currencies
    cizí země ― foreign countries

#### Derived terms

* cizák
* cizina
* cizinec
* cizost
* cizota
* z cizího krev neteče

#### Related terms

* cizokrajný
* cizoložit
* cizopasník
* odcizit
* zcizit

#### See also

* přespolní
* zahraniční

### Further reading

* “cizí”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “cizí”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “cizí”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# modernistaa
## Finnish
### Etymology

moderni +‎ -istaa

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmodernistɑːˣ/, [ˈmo̞de̞rˌnis̠tɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -istɑː
* Hyphenation: mo‧der‧nis‧taa

### Verb

modernistaa
* (transitive) Alternative form of modernisoida

#### Derived terms

* modernistua

### Further reading

* “modernistaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# pugar
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpu.ɡar/
* Rhymes: -ɡar
* Hyphenation: pu‧gar

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦸꦒꦼꦂ (puger). Semantic loan from Dutch herstellingsteken for music sense of natural.

#### Root

pugar
* Alternative spelling of memugar

#### Noun

pugar (plural pugar-pugar)
* (music) natural: The symbol ♮ used to indicate such a natural note.
    Synonym: natural (Standard Malay)

#### Derived terms

* dipugar
* dipugarkan
* memugar
* memugari
* memugarkan
* pemugar
* pemugaran
* pugaran

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Minangkabau puga (“to hit”).

#### Root

pugar
* Alternative spelling of memugar

##### Derived terms

* dipugar
* memugar

### Further reading

* “pugar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# bankructwo
## Polish
### Etymology

From bankrut +‎ -ctwo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baŋˈkru.t͡stfɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ut͡stfɔ
* Syllabification: ban‧kru‧ctwo

### Noun

bankructwo n
* (finance) insolvency, bankruptcy (a legally declared or recognized condition of insolvency of a person or organization)
    Synonyms: niewypłacalność, plajta, upadłość
* (figuratively) bankruptcy (loss of morals)
    Synonyms: erozja, rozkład, rozpad, upadek

#### Related terms

* bank
* bankrut
* bankrutka
* bankrutować impf, pobankrutować pf, zbankrutować pf

### Further reading

* bankructwo in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* bankructwo in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# sojuzgar
## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* subjuzgar, sujuzgar (archaic)

### Etymology

From older sujuzgar, from Old Spanish sujudgar, from Latin subiugāre, and influenced by the verb juzgar (“to judge”), from Old Spanish judgar, from Latin iūdicāre. Compare the borrowed doublet subyugar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /soxuθˈɡaɾ/ [so.xuθ̬ˈɣ̞aɾ]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /soxusˈɡaɾ/ [so.xuzˈɣ̞aɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: so‧juz‧gar

### Verb

sojuzgar (first-person singular present sojuzgo, first-person singular preterite sojuzgué, past participle sojuzgado)
* (transitive) to subjugate

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* yugo

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “sojuzgar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

### Further reading

* “sojuzgar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# retocar
## Catalan
### Etymology

From re- +‎ tocar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [rə.tuˈka]
* IPA: (Balearic) [rə.toˈka]
* IPA: (Valencia) [re.toˈkaɾ]

### Verb

retocar (first-person singular present retoco, first-person singular preterite retoquí, past participle retocat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /ɔ/
* to retouch

#### Derived terms

* retoc

### Further reading

* “retocar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “retocar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “retocar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “retocar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From re- +‎ tocar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁe.toˈka(ʁ)/ [he.toˈka(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁe.toˈka(ʁ)/ [he.toˈka(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ʁe.toˈka(ɾ)/ [he.toˈka(ɾ)]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ʁe.toˈka(ʁ)/ [χe.toˈka(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ʁe.toˈka(ɻ)/ [he.toˈka(ɻ)]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʁɨ.tuˈkaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʁɨ.tuˈkaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ʁɨ.tuˈka.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: re‧to‧car

### Verb

retocar (first-person singular present retoco, first-person singular preterite retoquei, past participle retocado)
* (transitive) to retouch (to improve something by making small changes)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Etymology

From re- +‎ tocar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /retoˈkaɾ/ [re.t̪oˈkaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: re‧to‧car

### Verb

retocar (first-person singular present retoco, first-person singular preterite retoqué, past participle retocado)
* (transitive) to touch up (fix damages to improve the look)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* retoque

### Further reading

* “retocar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10