# derramar
## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese derramar, from ramo, or from a Vulgar Latin *dīrāmāre or *dērāmāre, from Latin rāmus (“branch”). Compare Italian diramare, Romanian dărâma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [deraˈmaɾ]

### Verb

derramar (first-person singular present derramo, first-person singular preterite derramei, past participle derramado)
* to spill
* to scatter
    Synonym: espallar
* to apportion, distribute an expense
* to spoil, waste
    Synonym: estragar
    As peras logo se derraman ― Pears spoil in no time
** 1372, E. Duro Peña, editor, El Monasterio de San Esteban de Ribas de Sil, Ourense: Instituto Padre Feijóo, page 322:por quanto a dita carta do dito sennor rey era escripta en papel e se temía de esguaçar ou derramar ou mollarbecause this aforementioned charter of our lord the king is written in paper, and he fear to tear or waste or wet it
* to prune; to remove branches
    Synonym: cepar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* derrama
* derramado
* derramo

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “derramar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “derramar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “derramar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “derramar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “derramar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “derramar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “derramar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese derramar, in turn from ramo, or from a Vulgar Latin *dīrāmāre or *dērāmāre, from Latin rāmus (“branch”). Compare Italian diramare, Romanian dărâma.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /de.ʁaˈma(ʁ)/ [de.haˈma(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /de.ʁaˈma(ʁ)/ [de.haˈma(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /de.ʁaˈma(ɾ)/ [de.haˈma(ɾ)]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /de.ʁaˈma(ʁ)/ [de.χaˈma(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /de.ʁaˈma(ɻ)/ [de.haˈma(ɻ)]
* (Portugal) IPA: /dɨ.ʁɐˈmaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /dɨ.ʁɐˈmaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /dɨ.ʁɐˈma.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: der‧ra‧mar

### Verb

derramar (first-person singular present derramo, first-person singular preterite derramei, past participle derramado)
* to spill

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Etymology

From de- +‎ ramo +‎ -ar, or from a Vulgar Latin *dērāmāre, from Latin rāmus (“branch”). Compare Romanian dărâma, Dalmatian dramur, Old French deramer, Italian diramare, Portuguese derramar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /deraˈmaɾ/ [d̪e.raˈmaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: de‧rra‧mar

### Verb

derramar (first-person singular present derramo, first-person singular preterite derramé, past participle derramado)
* to spill, to leak
* to shed (blood, sweat, tears, etc.)
* (figurative) to pour out (e.g., love, wrath, blessings, one's heart)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* derramamiento
* derrame
* desparramar (partially)

### Further reading

* “derramar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10