# 個人
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gèrén
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): go$^3$ jan$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ke-ngìn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kò-lîn / kò-jîn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): go$^6$ ring$^5$ / go$^6$ rêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ku-gnin; $^5$ku-zen; $^7$keq-gnin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gèrén
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gèrén
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^4$-jên$^2$
*** Yale: gè-rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gehren
*** Palladius: гэжэнь (gɛžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$個人 / 个人 各人
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: go$^3$ jan$^4$
*** Yale: go yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: go$^3$ jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: go$^3$ yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔː³³ jɐn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ke-ngìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ge ngin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ge$^4$ ngin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ke⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò-lîn
*** Tâi-lô: kò-lîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koirliin
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ko⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lin²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ko²¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/
*** IPA (Singapore): /ko²¹⁻⁴² lin²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ko¹¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò-jîn
*** Tâi-lô: kò-jîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koirjiin
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ko²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zin¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ zin²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: go$^6$ ring$^5$ / go$^6$ rêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kŏ jîng / kŏ jêng
*** Sinological IPA : /ko³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/, /ko³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zeŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ku-gnin; $^5$ku-zen; $^7$keq-gnin
*** MiniDict: ku$^去$ nyin; ku$^去$ zen; keh$^入$ nyin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ku-nyin; $^2$ku-zen; $^4$keq-nyin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³³ n̠ʲin⁴⁴/, /ku³³ zən⁴⁴/, /kəʔ³³ n̠ʲin⁴⁴/
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “gai nang (個儂) 1:38”

### Adjective

個人
* (attributive) personal
    個人數據／个人数据 ― gèrén shùjù ― personal data
       Qǐng bǎoguǎn hǎo gèrén wùpǐn. [Pinyin]
       Please do not leave your personal belongings unattended.
       Tā zǒngshì yǒuyìwúyì wèn qǐ tā gèrén gǎnqíng jīnglì. [Pinyin]
       She often asks him about his past relationships in subtle ways.

#### Derived terms

* 個人主義 / 个人主义 (gèrén zhǔyì)
* 個人化 / 个人化 (gèrénhuà)
* 個人崇拜 / 个人崇拜 (gèrén chóngbài)
* 個人所得稅 / 个人所得税 (gèrén suǒdéshuì)
* 個人數碼助理 / 个人数码助理 (gèrén shùmǎ zhùlǐ)
* 個人照 / 个人照 (gèrénzhào)
* 個人英雄主義 / 个人英雄主义 (gèrén yīngxióng zhǔyì)
* 個人衛生 / 个人卫生 (gèrén wèishēng)

### Noun

個人
* individual (person)

### Pronoun

個人
* I; me; my; oneself; myself

#### Synonyms

* 各人 (gèrén) (dialectal)
* 本人 (běnrén)
* 本身 (běnshēn) (usually of objects and concepts)
* 本身人 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 現人 / 现人 (Hokkien)
* 自個 / 自个 (zìgě) (colloquial)
* 自家 (zìjiā) (literary or dialectal)
* 自己 (zìjǐ)
* 自我 (zìwǒ)
* 自身 (zìshēn)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 個(こ)人(じん) (kojin)
* → Korean: 개인(個人) (gaein)
* → Vietnamese: cá nhân (個人)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 個 | 人 |
| こ Grade: 5 | じん Grade: 1 |
| tōon | kan'on |

### Etymology

Short for 一(いっ)個(こ)人(じん) (ikkojin) or 各(かく)個(こ)人(じん) (kakukojin), from 一(いっ)個(こ)の人(ひと) (ikko no hito), a calque of English individual.
Listed in the 1912 work 英独仏和哲学字彙 (Ei-Doku-Futsu-Wa Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of English, German, and French Philosophical Terms”) as a translation of English individual.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こじん [kóꜜjìǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ko̞ʑĩɴ]

### Noun

個(こ)人(じん) • (kojin)
* individual

#### Derived terms

* 個(こ)人(じん)営(えい)業(ぎょう) (kojin eigyō)
* 個(こ)人(じん)企(き)業(ぎょう) (kojin kigyō)
* 個(こ)人(じん)競(きょう)技(ぎ) (kojin kyōgi)
* 個(こ)人(じん)教(きょう)授(じゅ) (kojin kyōju)
* 個(こ)人(じん)空(くう)間(かん) (kojin kūkan)
* 個(こ)人(じん)経(けい)営(えい) (kojin keiei)
* 個(こ)人(じん)語(ご) (kojingo)
* 個(こ)人(じん)差(さ) (kojinsa)
* 個(こ)人(じん)再(さい)生(せい) (kojin saisei)
* 個(こ)人(じん)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (kojin shugi)
* 個(こ)人(じん)情(じょう)報(ほう) (kojin jōhō)
* 個(こ)人(じん)心(しん)理(り)学(がく) (kojin shinrigaku)
* 個(こ)人(じん)葬(そう) (kojinsō)
* 個(こ)人(じん)通(つう)報(ほう) (kojin tsūhō)
* 個(こ)人(じん)手(て)形(がた) (kojin tegata)
* 個(こ)人(じん)的(てき) (kojinteki)
* 個(こ)人(じん)輸(ゆ)入(にゅう) (kojin yunyū)
* 個(こ)人(じん)倫(りん)理(り) (kojin rinri)

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ “個人”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 個 | 人 |

### Noun

個人 • (gaein) (hangeul 개인)
* hanja form of 개인 (“individual”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 個 | 人 |

### Adjective

個人
* chữ Hán form of cá nhân (“individual, personal”).

### Noun

個人
* chữ Hán form of cá nhân (“individual”).