# scientia
## Interlingua
### Noun

scientia (plural scientias)
* science, knowledge

#### Related terms

* scientific
* scientista

## Latin
### Etymology

From sciēns, scientem (“knowing, aware; having expertise”) +‎ -ia (“abstract noun suffix”). Attested from Varro onwards (early 1st century BCE).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /skiˈen.ti.a/, [s̠kiˈɛn̪t̪iä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ʃiˈen.t͡si.a/, [ʃiˈɛnt̪͡s̪iä]

### Noun

scientia f (genitive scientiae); first declension
* (abstract):
** knowledge, awareness, cognizance (the state of knowing a fact or situation)
    Synonyms: cognitiō, sapientia, nōtitia
    Antonym: ignōrantia
** learning, learnedness, erudition (the state of having an extensive knowledge)
    Synonyms: ēruditiō, sapientia
** expert understanding of a skill, art, science etc. (also as opposed to practice)
    Synonyms: intellēctus, ars
    Antonyms: ūsus, experientia, exercitātiō
* (concrete):
** (philosophy) that which is known (as opposed to a mere belief, translating Ancient Greek ἐπιστήμη (epistḗmē))
    Antonyms: opīniō, suspiciō, coniectūra
*** 1597, Sir Francis Bacon, Meditationes Sacrae:Nam et ipsa scientia potestās est.After all, knowledge itself is power.
*** (Medieval Latin, logic) knowledge (as distinguished according to the direction: from cause to effect or vice versa, corr. to Ancient Greek διότι (dióti) vs. ὅτι (hóti))
    scientia propter quid ― a knowledge derived from cause to effect
    scientia quia ― a knowledge derived from effect to cause
**** William of Ockham, Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard I.89:plūs differunt scientia adquīsīta per dēmōnstrātiōnem et scientia adquīsīta per experientiam, quam scientia quia et scientia propter quidthere's a greater difference between knowledge acquired through logical proof and knowledge acquired through practical experience, than between knowledge from effect and knowledge from cause
** the knowledge, lore, scholarship of a particular discipline
    Synonyms: doctrīna, ars
    scientia speculātīva (Medieval Latin) ― theoretical knowledge
** the know-how, skill, expertise (applied knowledge)
    Synonyms: perītia, ars
    scientia practica (Medieval Latin) ― practical knowledge
** (Medieval Latin) a science (an organized branch of methodically-acquired knowledge with a unified subject-matter)
    Synonym: disciplīna
    Hyponyms: historia nātūrālis, philosophia nātūrālis, physica (all "natural science")

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* > Aromanian: shtiintsã (inherited)
* Old Galician-Portuguese:
** Galician: chencha
* > Romanian: știință (inherited)
* → Albanian: shkencë
* ⇒ Breton: skiant
* → Catalan: ciència
* → Esperanto: scienco
** → Ido: cienco
* ⇒ Friulian: sience
* → Italian: scienza, scenza (misspelling), scienzia (archaic)
** → Ido: cienco
** → Maltese: xjenza
* → Occitan: sciéncia
* → Old French: science, escience (learned)
** → Middle English: science, scyence, syens, sciens, sciense, sience
*** > English: science (inherited) (see there for further descendants)
*** Scots: science
** Middle French: science
*** French: science (see there for further descendants)
** Norman: scienche
* → Old Galician-Portuguese: ciencia (learned)
** Fala: ciencia
** Galician: ciencia
** Portuguese: ciência
* → Old Spanish: çiençia, sçencia, sciencia, sçiençia, siençia (learned)
** > Ladino: sensia (inherited)
** > Spanish: ciencia, esciencia (archaic) (inherited)
*** → Asturian: ciencia
*** → Basque: zientzia
*** → Ido: cienco
*** → Tagalog: siyensiya
* → Sardinian: iscièntzia
* → Sicilian: scènzia, scienza
* ⇒ Venetan: sienza, siensa

### Participle

scientia
* nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural of sciēns

### References

* “scientia” on page 1877 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
* R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “scientia”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎, London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC

### Further reading

* “scientia”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “scientia”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* scientia in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* scientia in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to possess literary knowledge: litterarum scientiam (only in sing.) habere to acquire knowledge of a subject: scientiam alicuius rei consequi (ambiguous) to acquire knowledge of a subject: scientia comprehendere aliquid (ambiguous) to enrich a person's knowledge: scientia augere aliquem (ambiguous) logic, dialectic: dialectica (-ae or -orum) (pure Latin disserendi ratio et scientia) (ambiguous) geographical knowledge: regionum terrestrium aut maritimarum scientia