# arista
## English
### Etymology

From New Latin arista. Doublet of arête.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əˈɹɪstə/

### Noun

arista (plural aristae or aristas)
* (biology) One of the fibrils found on grains or fishes.
** 1848, Thomas Mitchell, Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia […] ‎:A very distinct species. Habit of Brachystephium scapigerum D. C.: but that ought to have no aristae to the achenium: here the awns are very stout in proportion to the size of the capitulum.
* (entomology) A bristle on the third segment of a fly's antenna.
** 1915, O. A. Johannsen, William A. Riley, Handbook of Medical Entomology‎:The eyes of the male are separated by a distance equal to one-fourth of the diameter of the head, in the female by one-third. The frontal stripe is black, the cheeks and margins of the orbits silvery-white. The antennæ are black, the arista feathered on the upper side only.

#### Derived terms

* aristaless
* aristomere

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* riatas, Ataris, aratis, tarsia, Atiras, raiats, Astria, Sarita, Aritas, ataris, tiaras, raitas, tarais, tairas, aartis

## Finnish
### Adjective

arista
* elative plural of arka

### Verb

arista
* inflection of aristaa:
** present active indicative connegative
** second-person singular present imperative
** second-person singular present active imperative connegative

### Anagrams

* Sarita, arasti, raatsi, rasiat, rastia, ratsia, tsaari

## Italian
### Etymology 1

Possibly from Ancient Greek ἄρῐστος (árĭstos, “the best”), as it is considered the most prized cut of pig meat or from Latin arista (“edge”) since it is the pork's back cut.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.ri.sta/
* Rhymes: -arista
* Hyphenation: à‧ri‧sta

#### Noun

arista f (plural ariste)
* pork loin

#### Further reading

* arista (cucina) on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{it}$

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin arista. Doublet of resta, which was inherited.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈri.sta/
* Rhymes: -ista
* Hyphenation: a‧rì‧sta

#### Noun

arista f (plural ariste)
* (biology, botany, zoology) arista
* (literary) awn, ear (of grain)
    Synonyms: resta, spiga

### Anagrams

* Tarsia, arasti, astrai, rasati, risata, sartia, satira, starai, tarsia

## Latin
### Etymology

The origin is unknown. Sometimes thus called Etruscan, but this is in the first place not likely since the old Latins were agriculturalists nor are there formal grounds, compare Latin genista (“broom”) for this formation.
A derivation from Proto-Indo-European is likely, but concrete relations are unknown. Čop has presented as cognates Lithuanian asȳs, esȳs, esiūklis, asiūklis (“horsetail, equisetum”), Latvian aši, ašas, ašavi, ašavas, ašenes, ašķi, ažģi (“horsetail, equisetum”) (elsewhere one lists a Latgalian ašķi (“horsetail, equisetum”) and puts to the forms also Thracian ἀσᾶ (ἀsᾶ, “coltsfoot”)), Lithuanian asnìs, ašnìs (“long, protruding hair of a fur animal; rye shoots; edge or sharpness of a scythe”), Epic Greek ἤϊα (ḗïa, “chaff; provisions”), Irish eorna (“barley”) and Hittite [script needed] (ha-a-as /⁠ḫās(s)-⁠/, “ashes; potash; soap”), Hittite [script needed] (ha-a-su-wa-a-i$^{SAR}$ /⁠ḫāsuwāi-⁠/, “soapwort; harmal”). Puhvel finds these alleged cognates motley: he assigns the Hittite word to Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs- related to burning and ashes, and the Irish word to Proto-Celtic *yewos, from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos (“barley”) also in Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas (“barley”). But the comparison just to the Baltic horsetail-words was already made by Bezzenberger. A relation to arundō (“reed”) is somewhat likely, while its etymology is likewise unknown. A relation with Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“related to moving, rising”) is considered.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /aˈris.ta/, [äˈrɪs̠t̪ä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /aˈris.ta/, [äˈrist̪ä]

### Noun

arista f (genitive aristae); first declension
* awn (beard of grain)
* ear of grain
* harvest; summer
* fishbone or a fibril thereof
* bristle (e.g. on a fly’s antenna – in Neo-Latin entomology)

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* aristātus
* aristifer
* aristiger
* aristosus

#### Descendants

* Catalan: aresta
* → English: arista
* French: arête
** → English: arête
* Galician: aresta
* Italian: resta, arista
* Portuguese: aresta, arista
* Sicilian: resca
* Spanish: arista, aresta

### References

* “arista”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “arista”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* arista in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* ↑ Čop, Bojan (1970) “Beiträge zur indogermanischen wortforschung VIII”, in Linguistica‎ (in German), volume X, number 1, Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani, pages 90–92 of 89–106
* ↑ which one knows from Dioscórides 3.112 sub voce βήχιον – Tussilago farfara
* ↑ Puhvel, Jaan (1991) Hittite Etymological Dictionary (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 5), volume III, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 210–212
* ↑ Bezzenberger, Adalbert (1897) Beiträge zur Kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume 23, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 298 of 283–321
* ↑ Meyer, Leo (1878) “Elementum”, in Beiträge zur Kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume 2, Göttingen: Robert Peppmüller, page 87 of 86–107

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin arista. Doublet of aresta, which was inherited.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /aˈɾis.tɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /aˈɾis.tɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /aˈɾiʃ.tɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /aˈɾis.ta/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐˈɾiʃ.tɐ/
* Hyphenation: a‧ris‧ta

### Noun

arista f (plural aristas)
* (biology) arista (one of the fibrils found on grains or fishes)

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin arista. Doublet of aresta, which was inherited.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈɾista/ [aˈɾis.t̪a]
* Rhymes: -ista
* Syllabification: a‧ris‧ta

### Noun

arista f (plural aristas)
* (geometry) edge (place where two faces of a polyhedron meet)
* (geology) arête
* (architecture) arris
* (agriculture) awn
* (figurative, in the plural) facets
** 2022 July 24, Manuel Jabois, “Blanca Andreu, la poeta que triunfó a los 20 años y prefirió desaparecer: “Me halaga que me crean muerta””, in El País‎:Este artículo, escrito tras dos semanas de conversaciones telefónicas con Blanca Andreu, tiene muchas aristas.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Related terms

* aristado

### Further reading

* “arista”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10