# nisu
## Asturian
### Noun

nisu f (plural nisos)
* plum (fruit)

#### Synonyms

* cirigüeyu
* ciruela
* ñisu

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *nisu. Cognate to Finnish nisu and Livvi nižu.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

nisu (genitive nisu, partitive nisu)
* wheat

#### Derived terms

* nisujahu

### Further reading

* “nisu”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
* “nisu”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
* “nisu”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
* nisu in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *nisu (compare Estonian nisu, Livonian ni’zzõz, Veps ńižu, Votic nisu). Equivalent to nisä (“udder, breast”) +‎ -u; the sense may have originally been "snack", from which "wheat, something made of wheat", or may have evoked a comparison between the white milk secreted from a teat and the light-colored grain.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnisu/, [ˈnis̠u]
* Rhymes: -isu
* Hyphenation: ni‧su

### Noun

nisu
* (dialectal) Synonym of vehnä (“wheat”) (Western Finnish, Kainuu)
* (dialectal) something baked of wheat, particularly traditional cardamom sweet bread, such as pulla (Western Finnish, Central Finland, Kainuu, American)
    Synonyms: nisunen, vehnänen, vehnäleipä

#### Usage notes

Dialectal distribution of nisu (“wheat”) :
* Southern Southwest Finland (Eteläinen Varsinais-Suomi) [Southwestern dialects]
* Halikko, Kaarina, Kiikala, Muurla, Paimio, Perniö, Pertteli, Sauvo, Suomusjärvi, Uskela
* Northern Southwest Finland (Pohjoinen Varsinais-Suomi) [Southwestern dialects]
* Askainen, Eurajoki, Hinnerjoki, Honkilahti, Kalanti, Karjala, Kustavi, Laitila, Lappi, Lemu, Lokalahti, Luvia, Mietoinen, Mynämäki, Naantali, Nousiainen, Pyhämaa, Raisio, Rauma, Taivassalo, Turku, Vehmaa
* Southwest Finnish Highlands (Varsinais-Suomen ylämaa) [Southwestern transitional dialects]
* Aura, Karinainen, Koski Tl, Köyliö, Lieto, Maaria, Marttila, Paattinen, Pöytyä, Somerniemi, Somero, Säkylä, Tarvasjoki, Yläne
* Western Uusimaa (Länsi-Uusimaa) [Southwestern transitional dialects]
* Karjalohja, Lohja, Nummi, Pusula, Pyhäjärvi (Ul), Sammatti, Vihti
* Southern Satakunta (Etelä-Satakunta) [Southwestern transitional dialects]
* Alastaro, Harjavalta, Huittinen, Kauvatsa, Kokemäki, Loimaa, Metsämaa, Punkalaidun, Vampula
* Western Satakunta (Länsi-Satakunta) [Southwestern transitional dialects]
* Ahlainen, Merikarvia, Nakkila, Pomarkku, Pori, Siikainen, Ulvila
* Northern Satakunta (Pohjois-Satakunta) [Tavastian dialects]
* Honkajoki, Hämeenkyrö, Ikaalinen, Jämijärvi, Kankaanpää, Karvia, Kihniö, Kiikka, Kiikoinen, Lavia, Mouhijärvi, Suodenniemi, Tyrvää, Viljakkala
* Northern Tavastia (Pohjois-Häme) [Tavastian dialects]
* Akaa, Eräjärvi, Hattula, Hauho, Juupajoki, Kalvola, Kangasala, Koijärvi, Kuorevesi, Kuru, Lempäälä, Luopioinen, Längelmäki, Nokia, Orivesi, Pirkkala, Pälkäne, Ruovesi, Sääksmäki, Teisko, Tottijärvi, Tuulos, Urjala, Vanaja, Vesilahti, Vilppula, Virrat
* Southern Tavastia (Etelä-Häme) [Tavastian dialects]
* Humppila, Janakkala, Jokioinen, Loppi, Nurmijärvi, Tammela, Ypäjä
* Southeastern Tavastia (Kaakkois-Häme) [Tavastian dialects]
* Orimattila, Padasjoki
* Southern Ostrobothnia (Etelä-Pohjanmaa) [South Ostrobothnian dialects]
* Alavus, Ilmajoki, Isokyrö, Jalasjärvi, Karijoki, Kauhajoki, Kauhava, Kuortane, Kurikka, Laihia, Lapua, Lapväärtti, Nurmo, Seinäjoki, Teuva, Töysä, Vähäkyrö, Ylihärmä, Ylistaro
* Central Ostrobothnia (Keski-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects]
* Alavieska, Haapajärvi, Haapavesi, Himanka, Kalajoki, Kaustinen, Kestilä, Kärsämäki, Lohtaja, Merijärvi, Nivala, Perho, Pulkkila, Pyhäjoki, Reisjärvi, Saloinen, Sievi, Veteli, Ylivieska
* Northern Ostrobothnia (Pohjois-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects]
* Hailuoto, Ii, Liminka, Lumijoki, Muhos, Oulu, Oulujoki, Oulunsalo, Paavola, Pudasjärvi, Rantsila, Siikajoki, Temmes, Utajärvi, Vihanti, Ylikiiminki
* Lapland (Peräpohjola) [Lapland dialects]
* Kemi, Kittilä, Lyngen (Jyykeä/Yykeä), Nordreisa (Raisi), Rovaniemi, Tervola
* Westrobothnia (Länsi-Pohja) [Lapland dialects]
* Karunki, Kolari, Vittangi (Vittanki), Ylitornio
* Kainuu [Savonian dialects]
* Kajaani, Kuhmo, Kuusamo, Paltamo, Posio, Ristijärvi, Sotkamo, Suomussalmi, Vaala
* Northern Central Finland (Pohjoinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects]
* Hankasalmi, Karstula, Kinnula, Pihtipudas, Saarijärvi
* Western Central Finland (Läntinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects]
* Alajärvi, Evijärvi, Keuruu, Kortesjärvi, Lappajärvi, Pihlajavesi, Vimpeli, Ähtäri
* Southern Central Finland (Eteläinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects]
* Jyväskylä, Korpilahti, Kuhmoinen, Leivonmäki, Muurame, Petäjävesi, Toivakka
* Northern Savonia (Pohjois-Savo) [Savonian dialects]
* Kiuruvesi, Pyhäjärvi (Ol), Vieremä
* The classification of and data for regional dialects is based on pre-1950s data. Since the 1950s, the dialects have become increasingly mixed, levelled and influenced by Standard Finnish. Besides Standard Finnish, a relatively uniform and originally urban 'colloquial Finnish' is beginning to emerge in their place, especially in the cities.Source: Suomen murteiden sanakirja by Kotimaisten kielten keskus (CC BY 4.0); see the information for the background image for its sources and licensing |
Dialectal distribution of nisu (“something baked of wheat”) :
* Northern Southwest Finland (Pohjoinen Varsinais-Suomi) [Southwestern dialects]
* Hinnerjoki, Mynämäki
* Western Uusimaa (Länsi-Uusimaa) [Southwestern transitional dialects]
* Lohja, Vihti
* Southern Satakunta (Etelä-Satakunta) [Southwestern transitional dialects]
* Huittinen, Kokemäki
* Western Satakunta (Länsi-Satakunta) [Southwestern transitional dialects]
* Pomarkku, Ulvila
* Northern Satakunta (Pohjois-Satakunta) [Tavastian dialects]
* Honkajoki, Karvia, Viljakkala
* Northern Tavastia (Pohjois-Häme) [Tavastian dialects]
* Hattula, Juupajoki, Kangasala, Kuorevesi, Lempäälä, Längelmäki, Pälkäne, Ruovesi, Sääksmäki, Teisko, Tottijärvi, Tuulos, Urjala, Vilppula, Virrat
* Southern Tavastia (Etelä-Häme) [Tavastian dialects]
* Humppila, Hyvinkää, Nurmijärvi
* Southeastern Tavastia (Kaakkois-Häme) [Tavastian dialects]
* Lammi, Orimattila
* Kymenlaakso [Tavastian dialects]
* Iitti, Jaala
* Southern Ostrobothnia (Etelä-Pohjanmaa) [South Ostrobothnian dialects]
* Alahärmä, Alavus, Ilmajoki, Isojoki, Isokyrö, Jalasjärvi, Jurva, Karijoki, Kauhajoki, Kauhava, Kuortane, Kurikka, Laihia, Lapua, Lapväärtti, Nurmo, Peräseinäjoki, Seinäjoki, Teuva, Töysä, Vähäkyrö, Ylihärmä
* Central Ostrobothnia (Keski-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects]
* Alavieska, Haapajärvi, Haapavesi, Halsua, Himanka, Kalajoki, Kaustinen, Kestilä, Kälviä, Kärsämäki, Lestijärvi, Lohtaja, Merijärvi, Nivala, Perho, Piippola, Pulkkila, Pyhäjoki, Reisjärvi, Saloinen, Sievi, Toholampi, Ullava, Veteli, Ylivieska
* Northern Ostrobothnia (Pohjois-Pohjanmaa) [Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects]
* Hailuoto, Haukipudas, Ii, Kuivaniemi, Liminka, Lumijoki, Muhos, Oulu, Oulujoki, Oulunsalo, Paavola, Pattijoki, Pudasjärvi, Rantsila, Ranua, Revonlahti, Temmes, Tyrnävä, Utajärvi, Vihanti
* Lapland (Peräpohjola) [Lapland dialects]
* Inari, Kemi, Kemijärvi, Kittilä, Rovaniemi, Salla, Savukoski, Simo, Sodankylä, Tervola
* Westrobothnia (Länsi-Pohja) [Lapland dialects]
* Alatornio, Karunki, Kolari, Muonio, Pajala, Pello, Tärendö (Täräntö), Vittangi (Vittanki), Ylitornio
* Kainuu [Savonian dialects]
* Hyrynsalmi, Kajaani, Kuhmo, Kuusamo, Paltamo, Posio, Puolanka, Ristijärvi, Sotkamo, Suomussalmi, Vaala, Vuolijoki
* Northern Central Finland (Pohjoinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects]
* Kannonkoski, Karstula, Kinnula, Kivijärvi, Konginkangas, Konnevesi, Kyyjärvi, Laukaa, Multia, Pihtipudas, Pylkönmäki, Saarijärvi, Sumiainen, Äänekoski
* Western Central Finland (Läntinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects]
* Alajärvi, Evijärvi, Keuruu, Kortesjärvi, Lappajärvi, Pihlajavesi, Vimpeli, Ähtäri
* Southern Central Finland (Eteläinen Keski-Suomi) [Savonian dialects]
* Hartola, Jyväskylä, Korpilahti, Muurame, Petäjävesi, Sysmä, Toivakka
* Northern Savonia (Pohjois-Savo) [Savonian dialects]
* Iisalmi, Juankoski, Kaavi, Keitele, Kiuruvesi, Lapinlahti, Leppävirta, Pyhäjärvi (Ol), Sonkajärvi, Vieremä
* Northern Karelia (Pohjois-Karjala) [Savonian dialects]
* Eno, Nurmes, Ruskeala, Valtimo
* The classification of and data for regional dialects is based on pre-1950s data. Since the 1950s, the dialects have become increasingly mixed, levelled and influenced by Standard Finnish. Besides Standard Finnish, a relatively uniform and originally urban 'colloquial Finnish' is beginning to emerge in their place, especially in the cities.Source: Suomen murteiden sanakirja by Kotimaisten kielten keskus (CC BY 4.0); see the information for the background image for its sources and licensing |

#### Declension

Possessive forms of nisu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
nisuni
nisuni
accusative
nom.
nisuni
nisuni
gen.
nisuni
genitive
nisuni
nisujeni
partitive
nisuani
nisujani
inessive
nisussani
nisuissani
elative
nisustani
nisuistani
illative
nisuuni
nisuihini
adessive
nisullani
nisuillani
ablative
nisultani
nisuiltani
allative
nisulleni
nisuilleni
essive
nisunani
nisuinani
translative
nisukseni
nisuikseni
abessive
nisuttani
nisuittani
instructive
comitative
—nisuineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
nisusi
nisusi
accusative
nom.
nisusi
nisusi
gen.
nisusi
genitive
nisusi
nisujesi
partitive
nisuasi
nisujasi
inessive
nisussasi
nisuissasi
elative
nisustasi
nisuistasi
illative
nisuusi
nisuihisi
adessive
nisullasi
nisuillasi
ablative
nisultasi
nisuiltasi
allative
nisullesi
nisuillesi
essive
nisunasi
nisuinasi
translative
nisuksesi
nisuiksesi
abessive
nisuttasi
nisuittasi
instructive
comitative
—nisuinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
nisumme
nisumme
accusative
nom.
nisumme
nisumme
gen.
nisumme
genitive
nisumme
nisujemme
partitive
nisuamme
nisujamme
inessive
nisussamme
nisuissamme
elative
nisustamme
nisuistamme
illative
nisuumme
nisuihimme
adessive
nisullamme
nisuillamme
ablative
nisultamme
nisuiltamme
allative
nisullemme
nisuillemme
essive
nisunamme
nisuinamme
translative
nisuksemme
nisuiksemme
abessive
nisuttamme
nisuittamme
instructive
comitative
—nisuinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
nisunne
nisunne
accusative
nom.
nisunne
nisunne
gen.
nisunne
genitive
nisunne
nisujenne
partitive
nisuanne
nisujanne
inessive
nisussanne
nisuissanne
elative
nisustanne
nisuistanne
illative
nisuunne
nisuihinne
adessive
nisullanne
nisuillanne
ablative
nisultanne
nisuiltanne
allative
nisullenne
nisuillenne
essive
nisunanne
nisuinanne
translative
nisuksenne
nisuiksenne
abessive
nisuttanne
nisuittanne
instructive
comitative
—nisuinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
nisunsa
nisunsa
accusative
nom.
nisunsa
nisunsa
gen.
nisunsa
genitive
nisunsa
nisujensa
partitive
nisuaan nisuansa
nisujaan nisujansa
inessive
nisussaan nisussansa
nisuissaan nisuissansa
elative
nisustaan nisustansa
nisuistaan nisuistansa
illative
nisuunsa
nisuihinsa
adessive
nisullaan nisullansa
nisuillaan nisuillansa
ablative
nisultaan nisultansa
nisuiltaan nisuiltansa
allative
nisulleen nisullensa
nisuilleen nisuillensa
essive
nisunaan nisunansa
nisuinaan nisuinansa
translative
nisukseen nisuksensa
nisuikseen nisuiksensa
abessive
nisuttaan nisuttansa
nisuittaan nisuittansa
instructive
comitative
—nisuineen nisuinensa :

#### Derived terms

* kampanisu
* nisunjyvä
* nisupulla

### References

* ↑ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
* ↑ Kotimaisten kielten keskus: Sanojen alkuperästä: Nisu

### Further reading

* “nisu”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* suin

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *nisu. Cognates include Finnish nisu and Estonian nisu.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈnisu/, [ˈnis̠u]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈnisu/, [ˈniʒ̥u]
* Rhymes: -isu
* Hyphenation: ni‧su

### Noun

nisu
* (obsolete) Synonym of vehnä

#### Declension
### References

* Fedor Tumansky (1790) “нису”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 693

## Japanese
### Romanization

nisu
* Rōmaji transcription of ニス

## Latin
### Noun

nīsū
* ablative singular of nīsus

## Northern Sami
### Pronunciation

* (Kautokeino) IPA: /ˈnisuː/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Samic *nisōn.

#### Noun

nisu
* woman

##### Derived terms

* nissonolmmoš

##### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

nisu
* (often in the plural) wheat

##### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* (Standard Montenegrin) nijèsu
* (regional, chiefly Serbia) nésu
* (historical, regional) nijésu

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ne + *sǫtь, first-person plural present tense form of *byti. This formation was kept in Old Church Slavonic as не сѫтъ (ne sǫtŭ) (see бꙑти (byti)). However, in other South Slavic vernaculars, this form irregularly later created něsu (attested in 1334), probably influenced by něsam (see nisam). Because of the yat reflex, něsu became rendered as nisu in Ikavian speeches.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nǐːsu/
* Hyphenation: ni‧su

### Verb

nísu (Cyrillic spelling ни́су)
* (Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia) negative third-person plural present of biti

### References

* “nisu”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* Pero Budmani, editor (1892–1897), “jesam”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎ (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 4, Zagreb: JAZU, page 606

## Votic
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *nisu.

### Pronunciation

* (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA: /ˈnisu/, [ˈnʲisu]
* Rhymes: -isu
* Hyphenation: ni‧su

### Noun

nisu
* wheat

#### Inflection
### References

* Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “nisu”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn