# 軒轅
## Chinese

* 軒轅

### Etymology
#### personal name, toponym

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “"Chariot Frame" < "axle & shafts" (Huainanzi, Major's 2010 translation, ch. 3, n. 11) seems to be a folk etymology”

#### tall gate

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Semantically related to 轅門／辕门 (yuánmén)?”

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xuānyuán
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄢ ㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hin$^1$ jyun$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hian-oân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuānyuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢ ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuanyuán
*** Wade–Giles: hsüan$^1$-yüan$^2$
*** Yale: sywān-ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuanyuan
*** Palladius: сюаньюань (sjuanʹjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hin$^1$ jyun$^4$
*** Yale: hīn yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hin$^1$ jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hin$^1$ yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiːn⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hian-oân
*** Tâi-lô: hian-uân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hien'oaan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² uan²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn³³ uan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² uan¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ uan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ uan²³/
* Middle Chinese: xjon hjwon
Rime :
| Character | 軒 | 轅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (65) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 虚言切 | 雨元切 |
| Baxter | xjon | hjwon |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨɐn/ | /ɦʉɐn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hiɐn/ | /ɦʷiɐn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiɐn/ | /ɣiuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨan/ | /ɦuan/ |
| Li Rong | /xiɐn/ | /ɣiuɐn/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭɐn/ | /ɣĭwɐn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xɨ̯ɐn/ | /i̯wɐn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiān | yuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hin$^1$ | jyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰa[r] [ɢ]ʷa[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰan ɢʷan/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 軒 | 轅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xuān | yuán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjon › | ‹ hjwon › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰa[r]/ | /*[ɢ]ʷa[n]/ |
| English | nobleman"s carriage | carriage-pole |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 軒 | 轅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3641 | 16222 |
| Phonetic component | 干 | 袁 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 軒 | 袁 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰan/ | /*ɢʷan/ |

### Noun

軒轅
* (literary) tall gate
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Qín chéng, zé gāo táixiè, měi gōngshì, tīng yúsè zhī yīn, qián yǒu lóuquè xuānyuán, hòu yǒu chángjiāo měirén, guó bèi qín huàn ér bù yǔ qí yōu. [Pinyin]
    If Qin'd succeed, they'd surely [have] lofty steeples and beautiful palaces; they could listen to the sounds of flutes and zithers; they'd have high towers and tall gates at the front; they'd have fine, pretty, fair beauties in the back; their countries being imperiled by Qin still would not worry them at all.

### Proper noun

軒轅
* (mythology) Xuanyuan, said to be the given name of the legendary Yellow Emperor
* (mythology) name of a hill
* (mythology) name of a nation west of ancient China
* (uranography) Xuanyuan, an asterism in the Chinese constellation of Star
* a Chinese compound surname