# scáth
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* sgáth (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Old Irish scáth, from Proto-Celtic *skātu, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃-.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Connacht) IPA: /sˠkɑː/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈsˠkaː/

### Noun

scáth m (genitive singular scátha, nominative plural scáthanna)
* shadow, shade
* umbrella (something that covers a wide range of concepts, ideas, etc.), mantle (anything that covers or conceals something else)
* horror, dread
* shyness, timidity

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
scáth
scáthanna
vocative
a scáth
a scáthanna
genitive
scátha
scáthanna
dative
scáth
scáthanna
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an scáth
na scáthanna
genitive
an scátha
na scáthanna
dative
leis an scáth don scáth
leis na scáthanna :

#### Derived terms

* ar scáth
* scáth báistí
* scáth fearthainne
* scáth gréine
* scáthach
* scáthaigh
* scáthán
* scáthbhrat (“awning”)
* scáthcheil (“to screen”)
* scáthchruth

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “scáth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* “scáth”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “scáṫ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 603
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “scáth”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 70

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *skātu, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃-. Cognate with English shadow.
The u-stem declension is the older one of the two.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /skaːθ/

### Noun

scáth n
* shadow, shade
* reflection
* phantom, spectre
* protection

#### Declension

Neuter u-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | scáth$^N$ | scáth$^L$ | scáth$^L$, scátha |
| Vocative | scáth$^N$ | scáth$^L$ | scáth |
| Accusative | scáth$^N$ | scáth$^L$ | scáth |
| Genitive | scatha$^H$, scátha$^H$ | scatha$^N$, scátha$^N$ | scáth$^N$ |
| Dative | scáth$^L$ | scáthaib | scáthaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||
Neuter o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | scáth$^N$ | scáth$^N$ | scáth$^L$, scátha |
| Vocative | scáth$^N$ | scáth$^N$ | scáth$^L$, scátha |
| Accusative | scáth$^N$ | scáth$^N$ | scáth$^L$, scátha |
| Genitive | scáith$^L$ | scáth | scáth$^N$ |
| Dative | scáth$^L$ | scáthaib | scáthaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Descendants

* Irish: scáth
* Manx: scaa
* Scottish Gaelic: sgàth
* ⇒ Middle Irish: scáthán
** Irish: scáthán

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 110

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “scáth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language