# 김치
## Korean
### Etymology

Nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 침채 (沈菜, chimchae, “soaked vegetables”). First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean 딤ᄎᆡ (Yale: timchoy).
In most dialects, Middle Korean 딤ᄎᆡ (Yale: timchoy) was regularly palatalized to 짐츼 (jimchui), whence modern southern dialectal 짐치 (jimchi). However, southern Korean dialects also palatalized /ki/ to /t͡ɕi/, which the Seoul prestige dialect did not. Seoul speakers hence hypercorrected 짐츼 (jimchui) to 김츼 (gimchui) to avoid sounding "southern", whence modern Standard 김치 (gimchi).
This word displaced the older Middle Korean term 디히〮 (Yale: tìhí) (whence 지 (ji), now only used in compound words and the southern Gyeongsang and southwestern Jeolla dialects), probably because regular sound change rendered it monosyllabic and caused it to have a large number of homophones.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kimt͡ɕʰi]
* Phonetic hangul: [김치]
* South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 김치의 / 김치에 / 김치까지Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the first syllable, and lowers the pitch of subsequent suffixes.

### Noun

김치 • (gimchi)
* kimchi, a dish made with fermented, seasoned vegetables
    한민족은 수천년 간 김치 힘으로 살아 왔다.hanminjog-eun sucheonnyeon gan gimchi him-euro sara watda.For thousands of years, the Korean nation has taken its strength from eating kimchi.

#### Synonyms

Historical and regional synonyms of 김치 (gimchi, “kimchi”) :
| view map; ||||
| Group | Region | Location | Words |
| Standardised forms | South Korean Standard Language | South Korean Standard Language | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Standardised forms | North Korean Cultured Language | North Korean Cultured Language | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Historical forms | Middle Korean | Middle Korean | 디히 (tihi) (more common), 딤ᄎᆡ (timchoy) (from Chinese) |
| Historical forms | Early Modern Seoul Korean | Early Modern Seoul Korean | 딤ᄎᆡ (dimchae), 짐ᄎᆡ (jimchae), 김츼 (gimchui) (from late 18th c.) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Modern colloquial Seoul | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Traditional Seoul | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Incheon | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Suwon | 짐치 (jimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Yeoncheon | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Paju | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Pocheon | 김치 (gimchi), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Yangju | 김치 (gimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Gapyeong | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Gwangju | 김치 (gimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Yangpyeong | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Yongin | 김치 (gimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Icheon | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Pyeongtaek | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Anseong | 김치 (gimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | Yeongseo | Chuncheon | 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | Yeongseo | Wonju | 김치 (gimchi), 짐치 (jimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | Yeongseo | Cheorwon | 김치 (gimchi), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Central Korean | Yeongseo | Inje | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Central Korean | Yeongseo | Hongcheon | 김치 (gimchi), 짐치 (jimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | Yeongseo | Hoengseong | 김치 (gimchi), 짐치 (jimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Gangneung | 짐치 (jímchì), 김치 (gímchì), 짠지 (jjánjì) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Wonsan | 짐치 (jimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Kumya | 짐치 (jimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Munchon | 짐치 (jimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Tongchon | 짐치 (jimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Kosong | 짐치 (jimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Sokcho | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Samcheok | 짐치 (jímchì), 짠지 (jjánjì) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Pyeongchang | 짐치 (jimchi), 김치 (gimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Yeongwol | 짠지 (jjánjì) |
| Central Korean | Yeongdong | Jeongseon | 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | North Chungcheong | Cheongju | 짐치 (jimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | North Chungcheong | Jincheon | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Central Korean | North Chungcheong | Chungju | 짐치 (jimchi), 김치 (gimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | North Chungcheong | Jecheon | 짐치 (jimchi), 김치 (gimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | North Chungcheong | Danyang | 짐치 (jimchi), 김치 (gimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | North Chungcheong | Goesan | 짐치 (jimchi), 김치 (gimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | North Chungcheong | Jeungpyeong | 김치 (gimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | North Chungcheong | Boeun | 짐치 (jimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | North Chungcheong | Yeongdong | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Taean | 짐치 (jimchi), 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Dangjin | 짐치 (jimchi), 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Asan | 짐치 (jimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Cheonan | 짐치 (jimchi), 김치 (gimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Yesan | 짐치 (jimchi), 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Hongseong | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Cheongyang | 짐치 (jimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Gongju | 짐치 (jimchi), 김치 (gimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Seocheon | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Nonsan | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Central Korean | South Chungcheong | Geumsan | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Haeju | 김치 (gimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Ongjin | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Yonan | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Taetan | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Ryongyon | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Chaeryong | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Sinchon | 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Anak | 짠디 (jjandi) |
| Central Korean | South Hwanghae | Unnyul | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | North Hwanghae | Sariwon | 김치 (gimchi), 짠지 (jjanji) |
| Central Korean | North Hwanghae | Sohung | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | North Hwanghae | Kumchon | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | North Hwanghae | Singye | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | North Hwanghae | Suan | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Central Korean | North Hwanghae | Koksan | 김치 (gimchi) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Daegu | 짐치 (jímchì) (not spicy), 짠지 (jjánjì) (spicy), 지 (jī́) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Yeongju | 짐치 (jímchì), 김치 (gímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Uljin | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Yecheon | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Andong | 짐치 (jímchì), 김치 (gímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Sangju | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Uiseong | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Yeongdeok | 짐치 (jímchì) (not spicy), 짠지 (jjánjì) (spicy) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Gimcheon | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Gumi | 짠지 (jjánjì), 지 (jī́) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Gunwi | 짐치 (jímchì) (not spicy), 짠지 (jjánjì) (spicy) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Pohang | 짐치 (jímchì) (not spicy), 짠지 (jjánjì) (spicy) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Seongju | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Goryeong | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Gyeongju | 짐치 (jímchì) (not spicy), 짠지 (jjánjì) (spicy) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Busan | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Ulsan | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Changwon | 짐치 (jímchì), '지 ( ji) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Geochang | 짐치 (jímchì), '지 ( ji) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Hapcheon | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Changnyeong | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Miryang | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Hamyang | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Uiryeong | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Hadong | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Jinju | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Gimhae | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Yangsan | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Sacheon | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Goseong | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Namhae | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Gyeongsang Korean | South Gyeongsang | Geoje | 짐치 (jímchì) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Jeonju | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Gunsan | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Iksan | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Jinan | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Muju | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Gimje | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Buan | 지 (jī) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Jeongeup | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Imsil | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Jangsu | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Gochang | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Sunchang | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Namwon | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Gwangju | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Jangseong | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Damyang | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Gokseong | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Gurye | 지 (jī) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Hampyeong | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Muan | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi), 짐차 (jimcha) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Naju | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Suncheon | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Gwangyang | 짐채 (jimchae) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Yeongam | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi), 짐채 (jimche) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Jindo | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Haenam | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Gangjin | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi), 짐채 (jimche) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Wando | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Jangheung | 지 (jī), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Boseong | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Goheung | 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeolla Korean | South Jeolla | Yeosu | 지 (jī), 짐치 ( jimchi), 짐차 (jimcha) |
| Pyongan Korean | North Pyongan | Sinuiju | 짠디 (jjandi) |
| Pyongan Korean | North Pyongan | Uiju | 짠디 (jjandi), 딤치 (dimchi) |
| Pyongan Korean | North Pyongan | Cholsan | 짠디 (jjandi), 짠지 (jjanji), 김치 (gimchi) |
| Pyongan Korean | North Pyongan | Ryongchon | 짠디 (jjandi) |
| Pyongan Korean | Diaspora | Shenyang | 짠디 (jjandi) |
| Pyongan Korean | Diaspora | Fushun | 짠디 (jjandi) |
| Hamgyong Korean | South Hamgyong | Hamhung | 짐치 (jìmchí), 짠지 (jjánjì) |
| Hamgyong Korean | South Hamgyong | Chongpyong | 짐치 (jìmchí), 짠지 (jjánjì) |
| Hamgyong Korean | South Hamgyong | Yonggwang | 짐치 (jìmchí), 짠지 (jjánjì) |
| Hamgyong Korean | South Hamgyong | Sinhung | 짐치 (jìmchí), 짠지 (jjánjì) |
| Hamgyong Korean | South Hamgyong | Hongwon | 짐치 (jìmchí), 짠지 (jjánjì) |
| Hamgyong Korean | South Hamgyong | Sinpo | 짐치 (jìmchí), 짠지 (jjánjì) |
| Hamgyong Korean | South Hamgyong | Riwon | 짐치 (jìmchí), 짠지 (jjánjì) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Chongjin | 김치 (gìmchí) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Myongchon | 김치 (gìmchí) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Kyongsong | 김치 (gìmchí) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Puryong | 김치 (gìmchí) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Hyesan | 짠지 (jjánjì) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Kapsan | 짠지 (jjánjì) |
| Hamgyong Korean | North Hamgyong | Kimhyonggwon | 짠지 (jjánjì) |
| Yukjin Korean | Yukjin | Hoeryong | 김치 (gìmchí) |
| Yukjin Korean | Diaspora | Hunchun | 김치 (gìmchí) |
| Jeju | Jeju | Jeju City | 짐끼 (jimkki), 짐치 (jimchi), 김치 (gimchi) |
| Jeju | Jeju | Daejeong | 짐끼 (jimkki), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| Jeju | Jeju | Gujwa | 짐끼 (jimkki), 짐치 (jimchi), 징뀌 (jingkkwi) |
| Jeju | Jeju | Seogwipo | 짐끼 (jimkki), 짐치 (jimchi) |
| This table is an amalgamation of surveys of speakers mostly born before 1950 and may not reflect the language of younger speakers, which has lexically converged towards the standard Seoul dialect in both North and South Koreas. ||||

#### Descendants

* → English: kimchi, kimchee, kim chee, gimchee, gimchi
* → Chinese: 辛奇 (xīnqí)
* → Japanese: キムチ (kimuchi)
** → English: kimuchi
* → Japanese: きみすい (kimisui)

### Interjection

김치 • (gimchi)
* cheese (said while being photographed)