OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 𗇂

| 𗇂 | U+171C2, &#94658; TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-171C2 |
| ← 𗇁 [U+171C1] | Tangut | 𗇃 → [U+171C3] |

## Tangut
### Pronunciation

* (Li Fanwen 2008): *sar²
* (Miyake 2019): *²sar₁
* (Kychanov 2006): *sạ²
* (Sofronov 1968): *sạ²

### Definitions

𗇂 (radical 𘠐+16, 18 strokes, composition ⿰𘠐⿱𘧉⿰𘧘𘢌)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 𗇂𗆁 (*sar² sã¹)
* 𗇂𗇂 (*sar² sar²)
* 𗇂𗕼 (*sar² lju²)
* 𗇂𘐏 (*sar² tjị¹)
* 𗇂𘐩 (*sar² phjɨ¹)
* 𗼻𗀔𗇂𘐏 (*ljɨ̣² tśhja̱¹ sar² tjị¹)
* 𗾽𗇂 (*bọ² sar²)

### References

* 𗙏𘙰 [*ɣiẹ² lew², Tóngyīn / Homophones] (in Tangut), 12th c.:
   * A edition: folio 34A, column 3, character 2
   * B edition: folio 34B, column 3, character 2
* Li Fanwen (2012) 簡明夏漢字典 [Concise Xia-Han Dictionary] (in Chinese), revised edition, character 2967
* Miyake, Marc (2019) “Tangut Phonetic Database 4.0”, in amritas.com
* Kychanov, Yevgeny (2006) Словарь тангутского (Си Ся) языка [Slovarʹ tangutskovo (Si Sja) jazyka, Dictionary of the Tangut (Xi Xia) Language] (in Russian), character 2688-0
* Sofronov, Mikhail Viktorovich (1968) Грамматика тангутского языка [Grammatika tangutskovo jazyka, Grammar of the Tangut Language] (in Russian), character 1479
* Nishida, Tatsuo (1966) 西夏文小字典 [Little Dictionary of Tangut] (in Japanese), character 41-141
# kardiochirurg
## Czech
### Etymology

From kardio- +‎ chirurg.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkardɪjoxɪrurk]

### Noun

kardiochirurg m anim
* heart surgeon

#### Related terms

* kardiochirurgie

### Further reading

* “kardiochirurg”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “kardiochirurg”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kar.djɔˈxi.rurk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -irurk
* Syllabification: kar‧dio‧chi‧rurg

### Noun

kardiochirurg m pers
* heart surgeon

#### Declension
### Further reading

* kardiochirurg in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kardiochirurg in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# kivistää
## Finnish
### Etymology

kipeä +‎ -istää

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkiʋistæːˣ/, [ˈk̟iʋis̠tæː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -iʋistæː
* Hyphenation: ki‧vis‧tää

### Verb

kivistää
* (transitive, usually atelic) To ache.

#### Derived terms

* kivistys
* kivistäminen

### Further reading

* “kivistää”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* ikävästi

## Ingrian
### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈkiʋistæː/, [ˈkiʋis̠tæ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈkiʋistæː/, [ˈkiʋiʃtæː]
* Rhymes: -iʋistæː
* Hyphenation: ki‧vis‧tää

### Verb

kivistää
* Alternative form of kivistaa

#### Conjugation
### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 173
# clag
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English claggen, probably of Scandinavian origin. Compare Swedish klägg and Old English clǣġ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /klæɡ/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -æɡ

### Noun

clag (uncountable)
* A glue or paste made from starch.
* Low cloud, fog or smog.
** 1993, Harry Furniss, Memoirs - One: The Flying Game:The sky was thick with dirty gray clag
** 2001, Colin Castle, Lucky Alex: The Career of Group Captain A.M. Jardine Afc, CD, Seaman and Airman:This programme included practice interceptions, simulator training, day flying, night flying, clag flying -- in addition to […] [a footnote states that clag flying was Air Force slang for foul weather flying.]
** 2004, David A. Barr, One Lucky Canuck: An Autobiography:We went along in the clag for what seemed like an eternity [a footnote defines clag as low cloud cover]
* (railway slang) Unburned carbon (smoke) from a steam or diesel locomotive, or multiple unit.
* (motor racing slang) Bits of rubber which are shed from tires during a race and collect off the racing line, especially on the outside of corners (cf. marbles).
    He ran wide in the corner, hit the clag and spun off.

#### Derived terms

* claggy
* clagnut

### Verb

clag (third-person singular simple present clags, present participle clagging, simple past and past participle clagged)
* (obsolete) To encumber
** c. 1620, Thomas Heywood, Thomas Heywood's Art of Love: The First Complete English Translation of Ovid's Ars Amatoria:As when the orchard boughes are clag'd with fruite
** 1725, Edward Taylor, Preparatory Meditations:Can such draw to me/My stund affections all with Cinders clag'd
* To stick, like boots in mud
** 1999: "A queen of a Santee kitchen, pre-war", quoted by Mary Alston Read Simms in the Introduction to Rice Planter and Sportsman: The Recollections of J. Motte Alston, 1821-1909
    Wash the rice well in two waters, if you don't wash 'em, 'e will clag [clag means get sticky] and put 'em in a pot of well-salted boiling water.

### Anagrams

* GLAC

## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish cloc.

### Noun

clag m (genitive singular cluig, plural cluig)
* bell

#### Derived terms

* shamyr chluig, thie cluig (“belfry”)

### Mutation
## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Middle Irish cloc, from Old Irish cloc. Cognates include Irish clog and Manx clag.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʰl̪ˠak/

### Noun

clag m
* bell

#### Declension

$^✝$ obsolete form, used until the 19th century

#### Derived terms

* beum-cluig
* cluigean

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Colin Mark (2003) “clag”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 138
# kampata
## Finnish
### Etymology

Likely a back-formation from kamppailla, with sense contamination from unrelated kamppi (“tripping (with one's foot)”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑmpɑtɑˣ/, [ˈkɑ̝mpɑ̝t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ɑmpɑtɑ
* Hyphenation: kam‧pa‧ta

### Verb

kampata
* (transitive) to trip (cause to fall or stumble by putting an object into front of one's feet)
    Jalankulkija onnistui kamppaamaan murtomiehen, kun hän juoksi karkuun.A pedestrian was able to trip the burglar as he was running away.

#### Synonyms

* kampittaa

#### Derived terms

* kamppaaminen
* kamppaus

#### See also

* kompastua
* kompuroida
* kampura

### Further reading

* “kampata”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* kampaat
# encabestrar
## Spanish
### Etymology

From en- +‎ cabestro (“halter”) +‎ -ar, or alternatively a Vulgar Latin root *incapistrāre, from Latin capistrāre. Compare Portuguese encabrestar, Catalan and Occitan encabestrar, French enchevêtrer, Italian incapestrare, Sardinian incrabistare, Romanian încăpăstra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /enkabesˈtɾaɾ/ [ẽŋ.ka.β̞esˈt̪ɾaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: en‧ca‧bes‧trar

### Verb

encabestrar (first-person singular present encabestro, first-person singular preterite encabestré, past participle encabestrado)
* to halter (put a halter on)
    Antonym: desencabestrar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* desencabestrar

#### Related terms

* cabestrar

### References

* ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=AtRFAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

### Further reading

* “encabestrar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# laudacja
## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin laudātiō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lawˈda.t͡sja/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -at͡sja
* Syllabification: lau‧da‧cja

### Noun

laudacja f
* eulogy (oration to honor a deceased person)

#### Derived terms

* laudacyjny

### Further reading

* laudacja in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# nitrogenic
## English
### Etymology

From nitrogen +‎ -ic.

### Adjective

nitrogenic (not comparable)
* of, relating to, or containing nitrogen
    Synonym: nitrogenous

#### Derived terms

* nonnitrogenic
# sanoa
## Ese
### Noun

sanoa
* (anatomy) jaw
* (anatomy) chin

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sanoidak. Equivalent to sana (“word”) +‎ -oa. Cognates include Ingrian sannoa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɑnoɑˣ/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝no̞ɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ɑnoɑ
* Hyphenation: sa‧noa

### Verb

sanoa
* (transitive) to say, tell [with elative ‘about’ and allative ‘to’]
    Synonyms: virkkoa, vääntää, lausua, todeta, heittää (informal), olla että (informal), sprookata (Helsinki slang, dated)
    Sanoiko hän sen?Did she say it?
    Sanoiko hän siitä mitään sinulle?Did she say anything about it to you?
    Ei saada sanaa sanottua enää sanomattomaksi.What has been said cannot be unsaid.
* (transitive, usually atelic) to call, name, dub [with translative]; (passive) go by [with translative]
    Synonym: kutsua
    Häntä sanottiin Pekaksi.He was called Pekka.
    Sanoisin sitä pyramidihuijaukseksi.I'd call it a pyramid scheme.

#### Derived terms

* irtisanoa
* sanomaton
* sanoja
* sanoma
* sanominen
* sanomus
* sanonta
* olla sanomista
* sanella
* sanoutua

#### Related terms

* sanella, sanoutua, sanailla

### Further reading

* “sanoa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* osaan, osana
# esemes
## Estonian
### Noun

esemes
* inessive singular of ese

## Polish
### Etymology

Phonetic respelling of the initialism SMS.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛˈsɛ.mɛs/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛmɛs
* Syllabification: e‧se‧mes

### Noun

esemes m animal or m inan (related adjective esemesowy)
* SMS, text message (brief electronic message sent between mobile phones)
    Synonyms: es, esek, eska, SMS

#### Derived terms

* es
* esek
* eska
* esemesować impf

### Further reading

* esemes in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* esemes in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# 𗇏

| 𗇏 | U+171CF, &#94671; TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-171CF |
| ← 𗇎 [U+171CE] | Tangut | 𗇐 → [U+171D0] |

## Tangut
### Pronunciation

* (Li Fanwen 2008): *ljij²
* (Miyake 2019): *²le₄
* (Kychanov 2006): *lɪn²
* (Sofronov 1968): *lɪn²

### Definitions

𗇏 (radical 𘠙+8, 10 strokes, composition ⿱𘠙⿺𘢍𘢒)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 𗇏𗫲 (*ljij² khjij¹)

### References

* 𗙏𘙰 [*ɣiẹ² lew², Tóngyīn / Homophones] (in Tangut), 12th c.:
   * A edition: folio 52A, column 6, character 2
   * B edition: folio 52B, column 4, character 3
* Li Fanwen (2012) 簡明夏漢字典 [Concise Xia-Han Dictionary] (in Chinese), revised edition, character 3831
* Miyake, Marc (2019) “Tangut Phonetic Database 4.0”, in amritas.com
* Kychanov, Yevgeny (2006) Словарь тангутского (Си Ся) языка [Slovarʹ tangutskovo (Si Sja) jazyka, Dictionary of the Tangut (Xi Xia) Language] (in Russian), character 5748-0
* Sofronov, Mikhail Viktorovich (1968) Грамматика тангутского языка [Grammatika tangutskovo jazyka, Grammar of the Tangut Language] (in Russian), character 3029
# 𗇒

| 𗇒 | U+171D2, &#94674; TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-171D2 |
| ← 𗇑 [U+171D1] | Tangut | 𗇓 → [U+171D3] |

## Tangut
### Pronunciation

* (Li Fanwen 2008): *śja¹
* (Miyake 2019): *¹sha₃
* (Kychanov 2006): *śi̯a¹
* (Sofronov 1968): *śi̭a¹
* (Nishida 1966): *šǐa¹

### Definitions

𗇒 (radical 𘠙+9, 11 strokes, composition ⿱𘠙⿰𘢔𘣴)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 𗆂𗇒 (*phej¹ śja¹)
* 𗇒𗁸 (*śja¹ se²)
* 𗇒𗇎 (*śja¹ wjịj²)
* 𗇒𗇗 (*śja¹ zer¹)
* 𗇒𗺶 (*śja¹ ꞏjiw²)
* 𗇒𘏒 (*śja¹ phie²)
* 𗇒𘐆 (*śja¹ la¹)
* 𗇒𘐉 (*śja¹ wjạ²)
* 𗇒𘐉𗤶 (*śja¹ wjạ² nji̱j¹)
* 𗒕𗇒𘃡 (*ljwịj¹ śja¹ wji¹)
* 𗞩𗇒 (*nji śja¹)
* 𗤻𗓏𗇒 (*wjạ¹ dźji śja¹)
* 𗻔𗇒 (*dźju² śja¹)
* 𗾆𗇒 (*dźjiw¹ śja¹)

### References

* 𘝞𗗚 [*ꞏjwɨr² ŋjow², Wénhǎi / Sea of Writing] (in Tangut), 12th c.: Level Tone volume, folio 27A, column 2, character 2
* 𗙏𘙰 [*ɣiẹ² lew², Tóngyīn / Homophones] (in Tangut), 12th c.:
   * A edition: folio 35B, column 3, character 1
   * B edition: folio 36A, column 5, character 6
* Li Fanwen (2012) 簡明夏漢字典 [Concise Xia-Han Dictionary] (in Chinese), revised edition, character 3841
* Miyake, Marc (2019) “Tangut Phonetic Database 4.0”, in amritas.com
* Kychanov, Yevgeny (2006) Словарь тангутского (Си Ся) языка [Slovarʹ tangutskovo (Si Sja) jazyka, Dictionary of the Tangut (Xi Xia) Language] (in Russian), character 1347-0
* Sofronov, Mikhail Viktorovich (1968) Грамматика тангутского языка [Grammatika tangutskovo jazyka, Grammar of the Tangut Language] (in Russian), character 3067
* Nishida, Tatsuo (1966) 西夏文小字典 [Little Dictionary of Tangut] (in Japanese), character 5-101
# gwiazdka
## Polish
### Etymology

From gwiazda +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡvjast.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -astka
* Syllabification: gwiazd‧ka
* Homophone: Gwiazdka

### Noun

gwiazdka f (diminutive gwiazdeczka)
* diminutive of gwiazda
    Hypernym: święta
* asterisk (the character *)
    Synonym: asterysk

#### Derived terms

* czterogwiazdkowy
* dwugwiazdkowy
* jednogwiazdkowy
* pięciogwiazdkowy
* trzygwiazdkowy

### Further reading

* gwiazdka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* gwiazdka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# pieczątka
## Polish
### Etymology

From pieczęć +‎ -ka. Compare Slovak pečiatka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pjɛˈt͡ʂɔnt.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔntka
* Syllabification: pie‧cząt‧ka

### Noun

pieczątka f (diminutive piecząteczka)
* diminutive of pieczęć
* stamp (imprint or device)
    Synonym: stempel

#### Related terms

* pieczętować

### Further reading

* pieczątka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* pieczątka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# drapieżnik
## Polish
### Etymology

From drapież +‎ -nik.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /draˈpjɛʐ.ɲik/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛʐɲik
* Syllabification: dra‧pież‧nik

### Noun

drapieżnik m animal (female equivalent drapieżnica)
* predator

#### Derived terms

* drapieżnictwo
* drapieżnie
* drapieżny

#### Related terms

* drapież

### Further reading

* drapieżnik in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* drapieżnik in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# gwɔ'ɔ́
## Ghomala'
### Noun

gwɔ'ɔ́ needs gender
* termite

#### Related terms

* ŋkwɔ'ɔ́

### References

* Gabriel M. Nissim, Le Bamiléké Ghomálá’ (1981)
# rzymski
## Polish
### Etymology

From Rzym +‎ -ski.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʐɘm.ski/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘmski
* Syllabification: rzym‧ski

### Adjective

rzymski (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational) Roman (of, from or pertaining to Rome in Italy)
* (Ancient Rome, historical, relational) Roman (of, from or pertaining to the Roman Empire)

#### Declension

$^1$Archaic.

#### Derived terms

* rzymskość

#### Related terms

* Rzym
* rzymianin
* Rzymianin
* rzymianka
* Rzymianka

### Further reading

* rzymski in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* rzymski in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# ligamentous
## English
### Etymology

From ligament +‎ -ous.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lɪɡ.əˈmɛn.təs/

### Adjective

ligamentous (not comparable)
* Of or pertaining to ligaments.
* Forming part of a ligament.

#### Derived terms

* capsuloligamentous
* extraligamentous
* intraligamentous
* musculoligamentous
* osteoligamentous
* preligamentous
* subligamentous
* supraligamentous
* transligamentous
# συμπληρωματικός
## Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Koine Greek συμπληρωματικός (sumplērōmatikós) with semantic loan from French complémentaire and supplémentaire. By surface analysis, συμπληρωματ- (stem of συμπλήρωμα (symplíroma)) +‎ -ικός (-ikós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sim.bli.ɾo.ma.tiˈkos/
* Hyphenation: συ‧μπλη‧ρω‧μα‧τι‧κός

### Adjective

συμπληρωματικός • (sympliromatikós) m (feminine συμπληρωματική, neuter συμπληρωματικό)
* complementary (acting as a complement; making up a whole with something else)
* supplementary

#### Derived terms

* συμπληρωματικά (sympliromatiká, adverb)
* συμπληρωματικότητα f (sympliromatikótita)

#### Related terms

* συμπλήρωμα n (symplíroma)
* συμπληρώνω (sympliróno)
* συμπλήρωση f (symplírosi)

### References

* ↑ συμπληρωματικός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# espirometría
## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin spirāre (“breathe”) +‎ -metría.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /espiɾomeˈtɾia/ [es.pi.ɾo.meˈt̪ɾi.a]
* Rhymes: -ia
* Syllabification: es‧pi‧ro‧me‧trí‧a

### Noun

espirometría f (plural espirometrías)
* spirometry
** 2017 August, “Alcohol en sangre será medido en farmacias”, in El Pais (Uruguay)‎:El próximo viernes 18 se firmará un convenio para facilitar, a través de la red de farmacias de todo el país, la posibilidad de que cualquier persona se realice espirometrías idénticas a las que actualmente ejecutan los inspectores de tránsito.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Related terms

* espirométrico
* espirómetro m

### Further reading

* “espirometría”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# projeção astral
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /pɾo.ʒeˈsɐ̃w̃ asˈtɾaw/ [pɾo.ʒeˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃ asˈtɾaʊ̯]
* (Brazil) IPA: /pɾo.ʒeˈsɐ̃w̃ asˈtɾaw/ [pɾo.ʒeˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃ asˈtɾaʊ̯]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /pɾo.ʒeˈsɐ̃w̃ aʃˈtɾaw/ [pɾo.ʒeˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃ aʃˈtɾaʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɾu.ʒɨˈsɐ̃w̃ ɐʃˈtɾal/ [pɾu.ʒɨˈsɐ̃w̃ ɐʃˈtɾaɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɾu.ʒɨˈsɐ̃w̃ ɐʃˈtɾal/ [pɾu.ʒɨˈsɐ̃w̃ ɐʃˈtɾaɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /pɾu.ʒɨˈsɐ̃w̃ ɐʃˈtɾa.li/

### Noun

projeção astral f (plural projeções astrais)
* (parapsychology) astral projection

#### Related terms

* plano astral

### Further reading

* “projeção astral”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
# etiopathological
## English
### Etymology

From etiopathology +‎ -ical.

### Adjective

etiopathological (not comparable)
* Relating to etiopathology.
** 2015 July 31, “Increased Incidence of Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase 1 Gene Mutations in Patients with Primary Ovarian Insufficiency”, in PLOS ONE‎, →DOI:Various studies have suggested oxidative stress as an etiopathological factor in reproductive disorders and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to be causative in idiopathic POF.

#### Derived terms

* etiopathologically

### Anagrams

* pathoetiological
# Fordtown
## English
### Etymology

From Ford +‎ town and ford +‎ town.
* (Detroit, Michigan): From the original base of the Ford Motor Company's large factories, and its dominance of the early automobile industry.

### Proper noun

Fordtown
* A nickname for Detroit. ; A city in Michigan, United States
    Synonyms: Motown, Motor City, Detroit
* An unincorporated community in Sullivan County, Tennessee, United States

#### Related terms

* Ford
* ford
* Fordburg
* Fordburgh
* Fordland
* Fordlândia
* Fordlandia
* Fordsburg
* Fordsburgh
* Fordsland
* Fordston
* Fordstown
* Fordsville
* Fordton
* Fordville
* town
# sacralize
## English
### Etymology

From sacral +‎ -ize.

### Verb

sacralize (third-person singular simple present sacralizes, present participle sacralizing, simple past and past participle sacralized)
* (religion) to make sacred
    Synonyms: sacredize, sanctify; see also Thesaurus:consecrate
    Antonyms: desacralize; see also Thesaurus:desecrate
** 2022 June 6, Patrick Jonsson, Noah Robertson, “Has the gun become a sacred object in America?”, in The Christian Science Monitor:Bishop Daniel Flores of the Brownsville Diocese in Texas recently wrote on Twitter that Americans “sacralize death’s instruments, and then are surprised that death uses them.” [...] Bishop Flores told the Catholic website The Pillar, “[...] To say something is sacralized is to say it’s almost taken out of any possibility for conversation.”

#### Derived terms

* desacralize
* resacralize
* sacralization

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* scalarize

## Portuguese
### Verb

sacralize
* inflection of sacralizar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
# дзвонити
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Old Ruthenian дзвони́ти (dzvoníti), from Old East Slavic звонити (zvoniti), from Proto-Slavic *zvoniti. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwen-.
Cognates with Polish dzwonić, Serbo-Croatian зво̀нити.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡zwɔˈnɪte]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

дзвони́ти • (dzvonýty) impf (perfective подзвони́ти)
* (transitive, intransitive) to produce sound
* (transitive, intransitive) to contact by telephone
* (intransitive, figuratively, colloquial) to talk a lot, to gossip

#### Derived terms

* дзвони́ти в усі́ дзво́ни (dzvonýty v usí dzvóny)
* дзвони́ти зуба́ми (dzvonýty zubámy)
* дзвонить у вухах (dzvonytʹ u vuxax)
* дзвонить у голові (dzvonytʹ u holovi)

### References

* Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “дзвонити”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “дзвонити”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
# gríz
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Grieß.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡriːz]
* Rhymes: -iːz

### Noun

gríz (usually uncountable, plural grízek)
* semolina
    Synonyms: dara, búzadara

#### Derived terms

* grízgaluska
* grízpapi
* tejbegríz

### References

* ↑ gríz in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

### Further reading

* gríz in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# coal-rolling
## English
### Alternative forms

* coal rolling

### Noun

coal-rolling (uncountable)
* The activity of the verb to roll coal.

### Adjective

coal-rolling (not comparable)
* Engaging in the action of the verb to roll coal.

### Related terms

* coal-rolled
* coal roller
* roll coal

### Anagrams

* rolling coal