# 적

| 적 | U+C801, &#51201; HANGUL SYLLABLE JEOG |
| Composition: | ㅈ + ㅓ + ㄱ |
| ← 저 [U+C800] | Hangul Syllables | 젂 → [U+C802] |
저적젂젃전젅젆 젇절젉젊젋젌젍 젎젏점접젒젓젔 정젖젗젘젙젚젛 :
| 쟤 ← | → 제 |

## Korean
### Etymology 1

Sino-Korean word from 敵.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [적]

#### Noun

적 • (jeok) (hanja 敵)
* enemy; opponent; adversary
    적을 얕보다 ― jeog-eul yatboda ― to underestimate one's opponent
    그 분께서는 적과의 싸움에서 한 번도 지지 않으신 명장(名將)이시다.Geu bun-kkeseo-neun jeok-gwa-ui ssaum-eseo han beon-do jiji aneusin myeongjang-isida.He is a famous general who has not lost a single battle against his enemies.

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 敵 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적 (敵, jeok).

### Etymology 2

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 적 (Yale: cèk).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [적]

#### Dependent noun

적 • (jeok)
* time, occurrence, experience (must be preceded by the adnominal suffix 은 (-eun) or 을 (-eul))
    나는 절대 그런 말을 한 적이 없다.Na-neun jeoldae geureon mar-eul han jeog-i eopda.I've never said such a thing.(literally, “I've never had a time where I said such a thing.”)
    중국에 가 보신 적 있으시나요?Junggug-e ga bosin jeok isseusinayo?Have you ever been to China?(literally, “Have you ever had an experience where you have been to China?”)

##### Derived terms

* 고릿적 (goritjeok)
* 그적 (geujeok)
* 배냇적 (baenaetjeok)
* 소싯적 (sositjeok)
* 아잇적 (aitjeok)
* 옛적 (yetjeok)
* 올적 (oljeok)
* 요마적 (yomajeok)
* 이마적 (imajeok)
* 이적 (ijeok)
* 저적 (jeojeok)
* 태곳적 (taegotjeok)

##### Related terms

* 그저께 (geujeokke)
* 그제 (geuje)
* 이제 (ije)
* 언제 (eonje)
* 제 (je)

##### See also

* 때 (ttae, “time”)

### Etymology 3

Sino-Korean word from 的.

#### suffix

    An orthographic borrowing from Japanese 的 (-teki) (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 302); see there for more.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [적]

#### Noun

적 • (jeok) (hanja 的)
* (formal) object, target
    Synonym: 대상(對象) (daesang)
    비난의 적 ― binan-ui jeok ― a target of criticism
** 2021 April 8, “佛(불) 마크롱, 최고 엘리트국립대 '국립행정학교' 폐교 선언 예정”, in Newsis News Agency‎:샤를 드골 대통령이 1945년 창립했던 이 학교는 졸업한 즉시 고위 관리 및 실업계 중직으로 임용돼 프랑스 젊은이들의 선망의 적이 되었으나 현대판 귀족 계급 양성소로 폐쇄적, 배타적이고 혁신성이 결여되었다는 지적을 들어왔다.Syareul Deugol daetongnyeong-i cheon-gubaek-sasib-o-nyeon changnip-haetdeon i hakgyo-neun joreop-han jeuksi gowi gwalli mit sireop-gye jungjig-euro imyong-dwae Peurangseu jeolmeuni-deur-ui seonmang-ui jeog-i doeeosseuna hyeondae-pan gwijok gyegeup yangseongso-ro pyeswae-jeok, baeta-jeogigo hyeoksin-seong-i gyeoryeo-doeeot-daneun jijeog-eul deureo-watda.Founded by president Charles de Gaulle in 1945, the school, where [students] are hired as high-ranking government officials and business executives upon graduation, has been the object of envy for many young people in France; however, [it] has been criticized for being an institution that is closed, exclusive and lacking in innovation, educating a class of modern aristocrats.

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 的 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적 (的, jeok).

#### Suffix

—적 • (-jeok) (hanja 的)
* -ive, -like, -ish, -ic, -ical, -y, kind of, sort of (see usage notes)

##### Usage notes

* An extremely productive suffix, it attaches to words or roots of Sino-Korean (e.g. 애국적(愛國的) (“patriotic”)) or Western origin (e.g. 쇼비니즘적(的) (syobinijeum-jeok, “chauvinistic”)) to form nouns (for whose usage see below).
* Except when directly attributing another word (where monolingual dictionaries usually classify this as a separate 관형사(冠形詞) (gwanhyeongsa, “determiner”)), a noun formed using the suffix does not serve any function on its own and must either be used adnominally / predicatively with 이다 (-ida, “to be”, copula) or adverbially with 으로 (-euro, “as; with”, instrumental case marker). See the following examples:
       애국적 행동aeguk-jeok haengdongA patriotic act (attributive)
       애국적인 행동aeguk-jeog-i-n haengdongAn act that is patriotic (adnominal)
       행동이 애국적이다haengdong-i aeguk-jeog-idaThe act is patriotic (predicative)
       애국적으로 행동하다aeguk-jeog-euro haengdong-hadato act patriotically (adverbial)

##### See also

* Korean terms suffixed with -적 (的)

### Etymology 4

Sino-Korean word from 籍.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [적]

#### Noun

적 • (jeok) (hanja 籍)
* Synonym of 호적(戶籍) (hojeok, “family register”)
* membership, enrollment (in a group such as an army, school, political party, etc.)
    적을 두다 ― jeog-eul duda ― to be enrolled in... / have a membership of...

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 籍 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적 (籍, jeok).

### Etymology 5

Sino-Korean word from 炙.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [적]

#### Noun

적 • (jeok) (hanja 炙)
* jeok (a Korean meat dish served with skewers)

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 炙 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적 (炙, jeok).

### Etymology 6

Sino-Korean word from 積.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [적]

#### Noun

적 • (jeok) (hanja 積)
* (arithmetic) product
    Synonym: 곱 (gop)

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 積 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적 (積, jeok).

### Etymology 7

Sino-Korean word from 笛. Doublet of 저 (jeo).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [적]

#### Noun

적 • (jeok) (hanja 笛)
* Synonym of 횡적(橫笛) (hoengjeok)

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 笛 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적 (笛, jeok).

### Etymology 8

Sino-Korean word from 赤.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [적]

#### Noun

적 • (jeok) (hanja 赤)
* Synonym of 적색(赤色) (jeoksaek, “red (colour)”)

##### Derived terms

* See the hanja entry at 赤 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적 (赤, jeok).

### Etymology 9

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

#### Syllable

적 • (jeok)
* 的: target
    (eumhun reading: 과녁 적 (gwanyeok jeok)) (MC reading: 的 (MC tek))
* 適: hitting
    (eumhun reading: 맞을 적 (majeul jeok)) (MC reading: 適 (MC syek|tsyek|tek))
* 積:
    (MC reading: 積 (MC tsjeH|tsjek))
* 籍:
    (MC reading: 籍 (MC dzjek))
* 赤:
    (MC reading: 赤 (MC tsyhek))
* 績:
    (MC reading: 績 (MC tsek))
* 摘:
    (MC reading: 摘 (MC treak|thek))
* 跡:
    (MC reading: 跡 (MC tsjek))
* 敵:
    (MC reading: 敵 (MC dek))
* 蹟:
    (MC reading: 蹟 (MC tsjek))
* 賊:
    (MC reading: 賊 (MC dzok))
* 寂:
    (MC reading: 寂 (MC dzek))
* 笛:
    (MC reading: 笛 (MC dek))
* 滴:
    (MC reading: 滴 (MC tek))
* 迪:
    (MC reading: 迪 (MC dek))
* 狄:
    (MC reading: 狄 (MC dek))
* 嫡:
    (MC reading: 嫡 (MC traek|tek))
* 謫:
    (MC reading: 謫 (MC treak))
* 迹:
    (MC reading: 迹 (MC tsjek))
* 勣:
    (MC reading: 勣 (MC tsek))
* 荻:
    (MC reading: 荻 (MC dek))
* 吊:
    (MC reading: 吊 (MC tewH))
* 炙:
    (MC reading: 炙 (MC tsyek))
* 翟:
    (MC reading: 翟 (MC draek|dek))
* 鏑:
    (MC reading: 鏑 (MC tek))

## Middle Korean
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡sə̀k/, [t͡ɕə̀k̚]

### Dependent noun

적 (cèk) (locative 저긔〮 (cèk-úy))
* time, occurrence (must be preceded by the adnominal suffix 은 (-un) or 으ᇙ (-ulq))

#### Descendants

* Korean: 적 (jeok)