OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nowy Dwór Gdański
## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnɔ.vɘ ˈdvur ˈɡdaɲ.ski/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Syllabification: No‧wy Dwór Gdań‧ski

### Proper noun

Nowy Dwór Gdański m inan
* Nowy Dwór Gdański (a town in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)

#### Derived terms

* nowodworski
* nowodworzanin
* nowodworzanka

### Further reading

* Nowy Dwór Gdański in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* Nowy Dwór Gdański in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# corotational
## English
### Etymology

From co- +‎ rotational.

### Adjective

corotational (not comparable)
* (astronomy) That rotates in conjunction with another body.

#### Derived terms

* noncorotational

#### Related terms

* corotate
* corotation
# drabhlás
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* dreabhlás, drobhlás

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /d̪ˠɾˠəuˈl̪ˠɑːsˠ/
* (Connacht) IPA: /ˈd̪ˠɾˠəulˠɑːsˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈdʲɾʲəulˠasˠ/ (corresponding to the form dreabhlás)

### Noun

drabhlás m (genitive singular drabhláis)
* licentiousness

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
drabhlás
vocative
a dhrabhláis
genitive
drabhláis
dative
drabhlás
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an drabhlás
genitive
an drabhláis
dative
leis an drabhlás don drabhlás :

#### Derived terms

* drabhlásach
* drabhlásaí

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 8

### Further reading

* “drabhlás”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “dreaḃlas”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 259
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “drabhlás”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# lactar
## Portuguese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin lactāre.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /la.kiˈta(ʁ)/ [la.kiˈta(h)], /lakˈta(ʁ)/ [lakˈta(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /la.kiˈta(ʁ)/ [la.kiˈta(h)], /lakˈta(ʁ)/ [lakˈta(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /la.kiˈta(ɾ)/, /lakˈta(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /la.kiˈta(ʁ)/ [la.kiˈta(χ)], /lakˈta(ʁ)/ [lakˈta(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /lakˈta(ɻ)/, /la.kiˈta(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /lɐˈktaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /lɐˈktaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /lɐˈkta.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: lac‧tar

### Verb

lactar (first-person singular present lacto, first-person singular preterite lactei, past participle lactado)
* to breastfeed
    Synonyms: amamentar, aleitar, lactar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Related terms

* lactação
* leite

### Further reading

* “lactar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin lactāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /laɡˈtaɾ/ [laɣ̞ˈt̪aɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: lac‧tar

### Verb

lactar (first-person singular present lacto, first-person singular preterite lacté, past participle lactado)
* to breastfeed

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* leche

### Further reading

* “lactar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# admira
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ədˈmi.ɾə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [adˈmi.ɾa]

### Verb

admira
* inflection of admirar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [adˈmira]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ira
* Hyphenation: ad‧mi‧ra

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /adˈmira/
* Hyphenation: ad‧mi‧ra

### Adjective

admira (accusative singular admiran, plural admiraj, accusative plural admirajn)
* admiring

#### Related terms

* admiri

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ad.mi.ʁa/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

admira
* third-person singular past historic of admirer

## Galician
### Verb

admira
* inflection of admirar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /adˈmi.ɾɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /adˈmi.ɾɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /adˈmi.ɾa/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐˈdmi.ɾɐ/ [ɐˈðmi.ɾɐ]
* Hyphenation: ad‧mi‧ra

### Verb

admira
* inflection of admirar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin admiror, based on French admirer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ad.miˈra/
* Rhymes: -a
* Hyphenation: ad‧mi‧ra

### Verb

a admira (third-person singular present admiră, past participle admirat) 1st conjugation
* to admire

#### Related terms

* admirație
* mira

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /adˈmiɾa/ [að̞ˈmi.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -iɾa
* Syllabification: ad‧mi‧ra

### Verb

admira
* inflection of admirar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative
# sudoper
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From sud (dish, vessel) + prati (to wash).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sǔdoper/

### Noun

sùdoper m (Cyrillic spelling су̀допер)
* (Croatia) sink
    Synonym: sudopera

### Further reading

* “sudoper”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# gwizdnąć
## Polish
### Etymology

From gwizdać +‎ -nąć.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡvizd.nɔɲt͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -izdnɔɲt͡ɕ
* Syllabification: gwizd‧nąć

### Verb

gwizdnąć pf (imperfective gwizdać)
* (intransitive) to whistle (to produce a whistling sound)
* (transitive, colloquial) to deal a blow, to hit, to punch, to strike
    Synonyms: uderzyć, świsnąć
* (transitive, colloquial) to steal (to illegally take possession of)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:kraść
* (transitive, colloquial) to disregard, to flout, to ignore [with na (+ genitive) ‘someone’]
    Synonym: zlekceważyć

#### Related terms

* gwizd
* gwizdawka
* gwizdeczek
* gwizdek

### Further reading

* gwizdnąć in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* gwizdnąć in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# ведаць
## Belarusian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *věděti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvʲedat͡sʲ]
* Rhymes: -edat͡sʲ
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

ве́даць • (vjédacʹ) impf (perfective уве́даць)
* to know [with аб (ab, + locative) or пра (pra, + accusative) ‘about’]

#### Derived terms

* ве́данне (vjédannje)

### References

* “ведаць” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

### Further reading

* I. I. Nosovič, editor (1870), “вѣ́данне”, in Slovarʹ bělorusskago narěčija‎ (in Russian), volumes 1–2, Saint Petersburg: The Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 104
* I. I. Nosovič, editor (1870), “вѣдо́мый”, in Slovarʹ bělorusskago narěčija‎ (in Russian), volumes 1–2, Saint Petersburg: The Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 105
# antisphexish
## English
### Etymology

From anti- +‎ sphexish; coined by Douglas Hofstadter in 1982.

### Adjective

antisphexish (comparative more antisphexish, superlative most antisphexish)
* Not sphexish; capable, as the higher animals are, of monitoring one's own thought processes and avoiding pitfalls such as infinite loops.

#### Derived terms

* antisphexishness
# aktiivistaa
## Finnish
### Etymology

aktiivinen +‎ -taa

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑktiːʋistɑːˣ/, [ˈɑ̝kt̪iːˌʋis̠tɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -istɑː
* Hyphenation: ak‧tii‧vis‧taa

### Verb

aktiivistaa
* (transitive) To make more active.

#### Derived terms

* aktiivistua

#### Related terms

* aktiivinen
* aktiivistua
* aktivoida
* aktivoitua

### Further reading

* “aktiivistaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
# सोरठ
## Hindi
### Etymology

From Sanskrit सौराष्ट्र (saurāṣṭra).

### Proper noun

सोरठ • (soraṭh) m (Urdu spelling سورٹھ)
* (Indian classical music) a raga of the 2nd prahara of the night, in the Khamaj thaat

## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘭𑘻𑘨𑘙 (soraṭha), from Sanskrit सौराष्ट्र (saurāṣṭra, “from Saurashtra”). Doublet of सौराष्ट्र (saurāṣṭra). Cognate with Gujarati સોરઠ (soraṭh).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /so.ɾəʈʰ/
* Rhymes: -əʈʰ
* Hyphenation: सो‧रठ

### Proper noun

सोरठ • (soraṭh) m
* Saurashtra (a region of Gujarat, India)

### Noun

सोरठ • (soraṭh) m
* (offensive) savage; scamp

#### Derived terms

* सोरठी (sorṭhī)

### References

* ↑ Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “सोरठ”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “saurāṣṭra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 785

### Further reading

* Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “सोरठ”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “सोरठ”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
# komandoska
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔ.manˈdɔs.ka/
* Rhymes: -ɔska
* Syllabification: ko‧man‧dos‧ka

### Etymology 1

From komandos +‎ -ka.

#### Noun

komandoska f (male equivalent komandos)
* female equivalent of komandos (“commando trooper”)

##### Related terms

* komandoski
* komando

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

komandoska
* feminine nominative/vocative singular of komandoski

### Further reading

* komandoska in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# sewage
## English
### Etymology

From sewer (“system of pipes used to remove human waste and to provide drainage”) +‎ -age or from sew (“to drain or draw off water”) + -age.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsuː.ɪd͡ʒ/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈsu.ɪd͡ʒ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːɪdʒ

### Noun

sewage (countable and uncountable, plural sewages)
* A suspension of water and solid waste, transported by sewers to be disposed of or processed.
* (obsolete) sewerage.

#### Synonyms

* wastewater

#### Derived terms

* raw sewage
* sewage fungus
* sewage plant

#### Translations
### See also

* slop
* sludge
* sewer system
* sewage treatment
* waste management
# paukauttaa
## Finnish
### Etymology 1

pauka- +‎ -uttaa

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑu̯kɑutːɑːˣ/, [ˈpɑ̝u̯kɑ̝ˌut̪ːɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -utːɑː
* Hyphenation: pau‧ka‧ut‧taa

#### Verb

paukauttaa
* (transitive) to bang (to make a sudden loud noise, once)

##### Synonyms

* pamauttaa

##### Derived terms

* paukautella (frequentative)
* paukautus

##### Related terms

* paukahtaa (intransitive)

#### Further reading

* “paukauttaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑu̯kɑutːɑː/, [ˈpɑ̝u̯kɑ̝ˌut̪ːɑ̝ː]
* Rhymes: -utːɑː
* Hyphenation: pau‧ka‧ut‧taa

#### Verb

paukauttaa
* third-person singular present indicative of paukauttaa
# runtoa
## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈruntoɑˣ/, [ˈrun̪t̪o̞ɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -untoɑ
* Hyphenation: run‧toa

### Verb

runtoa (dialectal)
* Alternative form of runnoa

#### Derived terms

* runtu
# chỉnh
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 整.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [t͡ɕïŋ˧˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [t͡ɕɨn˧˨]
* (Saigon) IPA: [cɨn˨˩˦]

### Verb

chỉnh
* to align; to arrange; to tidy

### Adjective

chỉnh
* orderly; neat; tidy

#### Derived terms

* căn chỉnh (“to align”)
* chấn chỉnh (振整, “to tidy up; to correct”)
* chỉnh đốn (整頓, “to reorganize”)
* chỉnh hình (整形, “to get reconstructive surgery”)
* chỉnh huấn (整訓, “to re-educate”)
* chỉnh lí, chỉnh lý (整理, “”)
* chỉnh lưu (整流, “to rectify”)
* chỉnh nghi (“”)
* chỉnh quân (“”)
* chỉnh sửa (整𢯢, “to revise”)
* chỉnh tề (整齊, “”)
* chỉnh trang (整裝, “to tidy”)
* chỉnh trị (“”)
* điều chỉnh (調整, “to adjust”)
* điều chỉnh dòng chảy (“”)
* hiệu chỉnh (“”)
* hoàn chỉnh (完整, “complete”)
* nghiêm chỉnh (嚴整, “”)
* tề chỉnh (齊整, “”)
* tinh chỉnh (“”)
* tu chỉnh (“”)
# antifašista
## Czech
### Etymology

From anti- +‎ fašista.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈantɪfaʃɪsta]
* Rhymes: -ɪsta

### Noun

antifašista m anim
* antifascist, anti-fascist

#### Related terms

* antifašismus

### Further reading

* “antifašista”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “antifašista”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# bukë
## Albanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *bukā, from Latin bucca (“mouth, mouthful”), with a semantic development to 'food' through a Balkan source.

### Noun

bukë f (plural bukë, definite buka, definite plural bukët)
* bread
* food
    Synonym: ushqim
    Synonym: gjellë

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “bukë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 39-40
# prontísimo
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɾonˈtisimo/ [pɾõn̪ˈt̪i.si.mo]
* Rhymes: -isimo
* Syllabification: pron‧tí‧si‧mo

### Adjective

prontísimo (feminine prontísima, masculine plural prontísimos, feminine plural prontísimas)
* superlative degree of pronto (“supremely ready”)

#### Derived terms

* prontísimamente
# etnográfico
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From etnografia +‎ -ico, from Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos) and γρᾰφή (grăphḗ).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /e.t͡ʃi.noˈɡɾa.fi.ku/, /et͡ʃ.noˈɡɾa.fi.ku/
* (Brazil) IPA: /e.t͡ʃi.noˈɡɾa.fi.ku/, /et͡ʃ.noˈɡɾa.fi.ku/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /et͡ʃ.noˈɡɾa.fi.ko/, /e.t͡ʃi.noˈɡɾa.fi.ko/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɛ.tnuˈɡɾa.fi.ku/ [ɛ.tnuˈɣɾa.fi.ku]
* Hyphenation: et‧no‧grá‧fi‧co

### Adjective

etnográfico (feminine etnográfica, masculine plural etnográficos, feminine plural etnográficas)
* ethnographic

### Further reading

* “etnográfico”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
* “etnográfico”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
* “etnográfico” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “etnográfico”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “etnográfico”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From etnografia +‎ -ico, from Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos) and γρᾰφή (grăphḗ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ednoˈɡɾafiko/ [eð̞.noˈɣ̞ɾa.fi.ko]
* Rhymes: -afiko
* Syllabification: et‧no‧grá‧fi‧co

### Adjective

etnográfico (feminine etnográfica, masculine plural etnográficos, feminine plural etnográficas)
* ethnographic

#### Derived terms

* etnografía
* etnográficamente

### Further reading

* “etnográfico”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# pseudoreflexive
## English
### Alternative forms

* pseudo-reflexive

### Etymology

From pseudo- +‎ reflexive.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

pseudoreflexive (not comparable)
* (grammar) Of a verb: requiring the use of a reflexive construction when no reflexive action is actually taking place.
** 1987, Bernard Comrie, editor, The World's Major Languages, New York, N.Y., Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, published 1990, →ISBN, page 228:Another strategy when the object is not human, used less than in Italian or Spanish but nevertheless not uncommon, is the pseudo-reflexive structure, that is, the use of the active forms of a verb reflexive in appearance in a 'passive' sense (les fleurs se vendent ici le dimanche lit. 'flowers sell themselves . . .' i.e. 'flowers are sold here on Sundays').
* (mathematics) Inducing a topological isomorphism between the domain and its image.
** 2001, José N. Aguayo, Thomas E. Gilsdorf, “Non-Archimedean Vector Measures and Integral Operators”, in A. K. Katsaras, W. H. Schikhof, L. Van Hamme, editors, p-adic Functional Analysis: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference (Lecture Notes in Pure and Applied Mathematics), New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc., →ISBN, page 8:In the next two theorems we will assume E pseudoreflexive. This is not a big restriction since every Banach space over a spherically complete nonarchimedean field is pseudoreflexive.

#### Derived terms

* pseudoreflexivity
# serwer
## Northern Kurdish
### Alternative forms

* serwêr

### Etymology

Compare Persian سرور (sarvar, “master”) and Central Kurdish سەروەر (serwer, “lord, master”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛɾˈwɛɾ/

### Noun

serwer m (Arabic spelling سەروەر)
* leader, chief, commander
    Synonyms: mezin, pêşeng, rêber, rêvebir, rêzan, serek, serkar, serok
* owner, master, lord

#### Derived terms

* serwerî

### References

* Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “serwer”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 2), volume 2, London: Transnational Press, page 242

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English server.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɛr.vɛr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛrvɛr
* Syllabification: ser‧wer

### Noun

serwer m inan
* (computing) server

#### Derived terms

* serwerowy
* serwerownia

### Further reading

* serwer in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* serwer in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# manyayango
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* manyayang̃o — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /manjaˈjaŋoʔ/ [mɐ.ɲɐˈjaː.ŋoʔ]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /manjaˈjaŋoʔ/ [mɐn̪.jɐˈjaː.ŋoʔ]
* Rhymes: -aŋoʔ
* Syllabification: man‧ya‧ya‧ngo

### Noun

manyayangò (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈ᜔ᜌᜌᜅᜓ) (Laguna, obsolete)
* Philippine flying dragon (Draco spilopterus)
    Synonyms: anga-anga, hinyayango, (Bataan, obsolete) galakgak

#### Related terms

* hinyayango
* hunyango

### Further reading

* “manyayango”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎ (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
* Santos, Fr. Domingo de los (1835) Tomas Oliva, editor, Vocabulario de la lengua tagala: primera, y segunda parte.‎ (in Spanish), La imprenta nueva de D. Jose Maria Dayot
* San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎, La Noble Villa de Pila, page 553: “Sierpe) Manyayang̃o (pp) eſpeçie della del tamaño đ vna lagartija tiena alas y buela, vidi propijs [oculis], diçen mata ſin remedio ſimuerde a alguno.”
# Hanza
## Polish
### Etymology

From hanza.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxan.za/
* Rhymes: -anza
* Syllabification: Han‧za
* Homophone: hanza

### Proper noun

Hanza f
* (business, historical) Hanseatic League (commercial and military alliance of Low German merchant guilds and privileged market towns which dominated trade along the coasts of northern Europe from the mid-12th to mid-17th centuries)
    Synonyms: Liga Hanzeatycka, Związek Hanzeatycki

#### Related terms

* hanzeatycki
* hanza
* hanzeata

### Further reading

* Hanza in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Hanza in PWN's encyclopedia
# ushqime
## Albanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uʃˈcimɛ/, [u̞ʃˈc͡çi.mɛ] (Northern Tosk, standard)

### Noun

ushqime
* indefinite nominative/accusative plural of ushqim
# conjunctivital
## English
### Etymology

From conjunctivitis +‎ -al.

### Adjective

conjunctivital (comparative more conjunctivital, superlative most conjunctivital)
* Of or pertaining to conjunctivitis.

#### Derived terms

* photoconjunctivital
# cytokeratin
## English
### Etymology

From cyto- +‎ keratin.

### Noun

cytokeratin (plural cytokeratins)
* Any of several forms of keratin found in the intracytoplasmic cytoskeleton of epithelial tissue.

#### Derived terms

* anticytokeratin
* pancytokeratin
# eslavista
## Spanish
### Adjective

eslavista m or f (masculine and feminine plural eslavistas)
* Slavistic

### Noun

eslavista m or f by sense (plural eslavistas)
* Slavist

### Related terms

* eslavismo

### Further reading

* “eslavista”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# echolocation
## English
### Etymology

Coined by American zoologist Donald Griffin in 1944, from echo +‎ location.

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˌɛkoʊloʊˈkeɪʃən/
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

echolocation (countable and uncountable, plural echolocations)
* The use of echoes to detect objects as observed in bats and other natural creatures.
    Synonym: biosonar
** 1944 December 29, Donald Redfield Griffin, “Echolocation by Blind Men, Bats and Radar”, in Science, volume 100, number 2609, →DOI, page 598, columns 1–2:Since there is no convenient term available to describe this process of locating obstacles by means of echoes, I suggest the word echolocation […]. The meaning of this word, and a corresponding verb to echolocate, are likely to be clear when first heard or read, since they are formed simply by joining echo and locate. It seems best to accent the first syllable in order to make clear that the word echo is employed.
** 1953 February 7, Donald Redfield Griffin, “Summary and Discussion of Section III”, in Proceedings of a Conference on Orientation in Animals, Washington, D.C.: Office of Naval Research, page 272:Now similarly with the aquatic mammals, we know that they can make sounds. We are beginning to get information—although no curves yet—on their sensitivity of hearing. These need to be followed up and we should look for this process of echo-ranging or echolocation.
** 2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.

#### Derived terms

* active echolocation
* echolocational
* vibroecholocation

#### Related terms

* echolocate
* photolocation
# zawistnica
## Polish
### Etymology

From zawistnik +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /za.vistˈɲi.t͡sa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -it͡sa
* Syllabification: za‧wist‧ni‧ca

### Noun

zawistnica f (male equivalent zawistnik)
* female equivalent of zawistnik (“envier”)
    Synonym: zazdrośnica

#### Related terms

* zawistny
* zawistnie
* zawiść

### Further reading

* zawistnica in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# քնարահավ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From քնար (kʻnar) +‎ -ա- (-a-) +‎ հավ (hav), because of the shape of its tail.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kʰənɑɾɑˈhɑv/, [kʰənɑɾɑhɑ́v]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kənɑɾɑˈhɑv/, [kʰənɑɾɑhɑ́v]

### Noun

քնարահավ • (kʻnarahav) (traditional orthography spelling քնարահաւ)
* lyrebird
# brutalizm
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English Brutalism. By surface analysis, brutalny +‎ -izm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bruˈta.lizm/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -alizm
* Syllabification: bru‧ta‧lizm

### Noun

brutalizm m inan
* (architecture) Brutalism
* brutality (state of being brutal)
    Synonym: brutalność

#### Related terms

* brutalny
* brutalnie
* brutal
* brutalizacja
* brutalność
* brutalizować impf
* zbrutalizować pf

### Further reading

* brutalizm in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* brutalizm in Polish dictionaries at PWN