# stemma
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek στέμμα (stémma).

### Noun

stemma (plural stemmata or stemmas)
* A family tree or recorded genealogy
** 1941, Sterling Dow, “A Family of Sculptors from Tyre”, in Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens‎, →DOI, page 359:Where so few dates are known, an authoritative stemma is out of the question
* In the study of stemmatics, a diagram showing the relationship of a text to its manuscripts
* One of the types of simple eyes in arthropods

#### Related terms

* stemma codicum
* stemmatics

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Swedish stämma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstemːɑ/, [ˈs̠te̞mːɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -emːɑ
* Hyphenation: stem‧ma

### Noun

stemma
* (music) part, voice; harmony (melody played or sung by a particular instrument, voice, or group of instruments or voices, within a polyphonic piece)
    laulaa stemmoja
       to sing harmonies

#### Declension

Possessive forms of stemma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stemmani
stemmani
accusative
nom.
stemmani
stemmani
gen.
stemmani
genitive
stemmani
stemmojeni stemmaini $^{rare}$
partitive
stemmaani
stemmojani
inessive
stemmassani
stemmoissani
elative
stemmastani
stemmoistani
illative
stemmaani
stemmoihini
adessive
stemmallani
stemmoillani
ablative
stemmaltani
stemmoiltani
allative
stemmalleni
stemmoilleni
essive
stemmanani
stemmoinani
translative
stemmakseni
stemmoikseni
abessive
stemmattani
stemmoittani
instructive
comitative
—stemmoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stemmasi
stemmasi
accusative
nom.
stemmasi
stemmasi
gen.
stemmasi
genitive
stemmasi
stemmojesi stemmaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
stemmaasi
stemmojasi
inessive
stemmassasi
stemmoissasi
elative
stemmastasi
stemmoistasi
illative
stemmaasi
stemmoihisi
adessive
stemmallasi
stemmoillasi
ablative
stemmaltasi
stemmoiltasi
allative
stemmallesi
stemmoillesi
essive
stemmanasi
stemmoinasi
translative
stemmaksesi
stemmoiksesi
abessive
stemmattasi
stemmoittasi
instructive
comitative
—stemmoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stemmamme
stemmamme
accusative
nom.
stemmamme
stemmamme
gen.
stemmamme
genitive
stemmamme
stemmojemme stemmaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
stemmaamme
stemmojamme
inessive
stemmassamme
stemmoissamme
elative
stemmastamme
stemmoistamme
illative
stemmaamme
stemmoihimme
adessive
stemmallamme
stemmoillamme
ablative
stemmaltamme
stemmoiltamme
allative
stemmallemme
stemmoillemme
essive
stemmanamme
stemmoinamme
translative
stemmaksemme
stemmoiksemme
abessive
stemmattamme
stemmoittamme
instructive
comitative
—stemmoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stemmanne
stemmanne
accusative
nom.
stemmanne
stemmanne
gen.
stemmanne
genitive
stemmanne
stemmojenne stemmainne $^{rare}$
partitive
stemmaanne
stemmojanne
inessive
stemmassanne
stemmoissanne
elative
stemmastanne
stemmoistanne
illative
stemmaanne
stemmoihinne
adessive
stemmallanne
stemmoillanne
ablative
stemmaltanne
stemmoiltanne
allative
stemmallenne
stemmoillenne
essive
stemmananne
stemmoinanne
translative
stemmaksenne
stemmoiksenne
abessive
stemmattanne
stemmoittanne
instructive
comitative
—stemmoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stemmansa
stemmansa
accusative
nom.
stemmansa
stemmansa
gen.
stemmansa
genitive
stemmansa
stemmojensa stemmainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
stemmaansa
stemmojaan stemmojansa
inessive
stemmassaan stemmassansa
stemmoissaan stemmoissansa
elative
stemmastaan stemmastansa
stemmoistaan stemmoistansa
illative
stemmaansa
stemmoihinsa
adessive
stemmallaan stemmallansa
stemmoillaan stemmoillansa
ablative
stemmaltaan stemmaltansa
stemmoiltaan stemmoiltansa
allative
stemmalleen stemmallensa
stemmoilleen stemmoillensa
essive
stemmanaan stemmanansa
stemmoinaan stemmoinansa
translative
stemmakseen stemmaksensa
stemmoikseen stemmoiksensa
abessive
stemmattaan stemmattansa
stemmoittaan stemmoittansa
instructive
comitative
—stemmoineen stemmoinensa :

#### Derived terms

* stemmaharjoitus
* stemmalaulu

### Further reading

* “stemma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* sammet

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstɛmːa/
* Rhymes: -ɛmːa

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Norse stemma (“to halt, to dam”), from Proto-Germanic *stammijaną. Compare Swedish stämma (“to block”), Old English gistemen (“to restrain”), English stem and English stammer.

#### Verb

stemma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative stemmdi, supine stemmt)
* to stop, block, stem
    Synonym: stífla

##### Derived terms

* stemma stigu við
* stemmdur

### Etymology 2

Derived from the verb stemma (1) or the related adjective stamur, which shows variation between -m- and -mm- in the stem; compare Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌼𐍃 (stamms).

#### Noun

stemma f (genitive singular stemmu, nominative plural stemmur)
* dam
* stiffness
* moistness

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Danish stemme, from Middle Low German stemmen. Related to stemma (“melody [for a ballad]”) (4).

#### Verb

stemma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative stemmdi, supine stemmt)
* to fit, to agree with, to correspond to, to coincide with
    Synonyms: koma heim, koma heim og saman, passa
* (music, of an instrument) to be in tune
* (music) to tune (an instrument)
    Synonym: stilla

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from Danish stemme (“voice; musical part; vote”).

#### Noun

stemma f (genitive singular stemmu, nominative plural stemmur)
* (obsolete) a musical voice or sound
* a melody, generally for ballads (rímur)
* (obsolete) vote (instance of participating in a formalized choice by a group)

##### Declension
### Etymology 5

Learned borrowing from Latin stemma (“garland, wreath; pedigree, family tree”), from Ancient Greek στέμμα (stémma, “garland, wreath”).

#### Noun

stemma n (genitive singular stemma, nominative plural stemmu)
* (stemmatics, very rare) stemma (diagram showing the relationship of variants of a text)
** 2011, Þórdís Edda Jóhannesdóttir, “Sigurdrífumál og eyðan í Konungsbók Eddukvæða”, in Gripla, volume XXIII, page 303 of 287—317:Varðveisla handritsins veldur líklega mestum vandræðum í stemmanu.The preservation of the manuscript probably causes the greatest problems in the stemma.

##### Declension
### References

* Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) “stemma”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin stemma, from Ancient Greek στέμμα (stémma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstɛm.ma/
* Rhymes: -ɛmma
* Hyphenation: stèm‧ma

### Noun

stemma m (plural stemmi)
* coat of arms, scutcheon, charge

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* stegma, stigma (Medieval Latin)

### Etymology

From the Ancient Greek στέμμα (stémma).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈstem.ma/, [ˈs̠t̪ɛmːä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈstem.ma/, [ˈst̪ɛmːä]

### Noun

stemma n (genitive stemmatis); third declension
* (post-Classical, in general) a garland or wreath
* (post-Augustan, in particular) a garland hung upon an ancestral image
** (transferred sense) a pedigree, geneagram, or family tree
*** (figurative) nobility, honoured pedigree, august lineage
    argentī fūmōsa suī stemmata nārrāre(please add an English translation of this usage example)
       to tell the smoky nobility of his silverware
*** (Medieval Latin) a crown
    ā stemmate ūsque subūculam cultū rēgālī exūtī(please add an English translation of this usage example)
*** (Medieval Latin) wergeld
** (Medieval Latin) a kinsman, a blood-relative

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

#### Descendants

* English: stemma
* Italian: stemma

### References

* “stemma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* stemma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1,476/3.
* “stemma” on page 1,817/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
* Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “stemma”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 991/1

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

stemma f
* definite singular of stemme

### Etymology 2

From German Low German stemmen.

#### Alternative forms

* stemme

#### Verb

stemma (present tense stemmer, past tense stemde or stemte, past participle stemt, present participle stemmande, imperative stem)
* to tune (e.g. a guitar or a piano)
* to vote
* to put in a certain mood
    Talen hans gjorde alle velvillig stemt.His speech made everyone positively inclined.

##### Synonyms

* (vote) røysta/røyste

##### Derived terms

* stemmegaffel
* stemmerett
* stemming
* stemning

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Norse stemma.

#### Verb

stemma (present tense stemmer, past tense stemde or stemte, past participle stemt, present participle stemmande, imperative stem)
* (folklore) to stop a bleeding by using magic power; to still blood
    Synonyms: dempa, stansa, stilla