OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Keski-Aasia
## Finnish
### Etymology

keski- +‎ Aasia

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkeskiˌɑːsiɑ/, [ˈk̟e̞s̠k̟iˌɑ̝ːs̠iɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑːsiɑ
* Hyphenation: Keski‧Aasia

### Proper noun

Keski-Aasia
* Central Asia

#### Declension

Possessive forms of Keski-Aasia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Keski-Aasiani
accusative
nom.
Keski-Aasiani
gen.
Keski-Aasiani
genitive
Keski-Aasiani
partitive
Keski-Aasiaani
inessive
Keski-Aasiassani
elative
Keski-Aasiastani
illative
Keski-Aasiaani
adessive
Keski-Aasiallani
ablative
Keski-Aasialtani
allative
Keski-Aasialleni
essive
Keski-Aasianani
translative
Keski-Aasiakseni
abessive
Keski-Aasiattani
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Keski-Aasiasi
accusative
nom.
Keski-Aasiasi
gen.
Keski-Aasiasi
genitive
Keski-Aasiasi
partitive
Keski-Aasiaasi
inessive
Keski-Aasiassasi
elative
Keski-Aasiastasi
illative
Keski-Aasiaasi
adessive
Keski-Aasiallasi
ablative
Keski-Aasialtasi
allative
Keski-Aasiallesi
essive
Keski-Aasianasi
translative
Keski-Aasiaksesi
abessive
Keski-Aasiattasi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Keski-Aasiamme
accusative
nom.
Keski-Aasiamme
gen.
Keski-Aasiamme
genitive
Keski-Aasiamme
partitive
Keski-Aasiaamme
inessive
Keski-Aasiassamme
elative
Keski-Aasiastamme
illative
Keski-Aasiaamme
adessive
Keski-Aasiallamme
ablative
Keski-Aasialtamme
allative
Keski-Aasiallemme
essive
Keski-Aasianamme
translative
Keski-Aasiaksemme
abessive
Keski-Aasiattamme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Keski-Aasianne
accusative
nom.
Keski-Aasianne
gen.
Keski-Aasianne
genitive
Keski-Aasianne
partitive
Keski-Aasiaanne
inessive
Keski-Aasiassanne
elative
Keski-Aasiastanne
illative
Keski-Aasiaanne
adessive
Keski-Aasiallanne
ablative
Keski-Aasialtanne
allative
Keski-Aasiallenne
essive
Keski-Aasiananne
translative
Keski-Aasiaksenne
abessive
Keski-Aasiattanne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Keski-Aasiansa
accusative
nom.
Keski-Aasiansa
gen.
Keski-Aasiansa
genitive
Keski-Aasiansa
partitive
Keski-Aasiaansa
inessive
Keski-Aasiassaan Keski-Aasiassansa
elative
Keski-Aasiastaan Keski-Aasiastansa
illative
Keski-Aasiaansa
adessive
Keski-Aasiallaan Keski-Aasiallansa
ablative
Keski-Aasialtaan Keski-Aasialtansa
allative
Keski-Aasialleen Keski-Aasiallensa
essive
Keski-Aasianaan Keski-Aasianansa
translative
Keski-Aasiakseen Keski-Aasiaksensa
abessive
Keski-Aasiattaan Keski-Aasiattansa
instructive
comitative

#### Derived terms

* keskiaasianpaimenkoira
# kompilacja
## Polish
### Etymology

Internationalism; compare English compilation, French compilation, German Kompilation, ultimately from Latin compīlātiō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔm.piˈla.t͡sja/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -at͡sja
* Syllabification: kom‧pi‧la‧cja

### Noun

kompilacja f (diminutive kompilacyjka, related adjective kompilacyjny)
* (uncountable) compilation (act or process of compiling or gathering together from various sources)
* (countable) compilation (that which is compiled; especially, a book or document composed of materials gathering from other books or documents)
* (uncountable, software compilation) compilation (translation of source code into object code by a compiler)
* (countable, music) compilation album (musical album that comprises tracks, which may be previously released or unreleased, usually from several separate recordings by either one performer or by several performers)

#### Related terms

* kompilatorski
* kompilacyjność
* kompilator
* kompilatorka
* kompilatorstwo
* kompilować impf
* skompilować pf

### Further reading

* kompilacja in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kompilacja in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* kompilacja in PWN's encyclopedia
# εχθρός
## Greek
### Alternative forms

* οχτρός (ochtrós)

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἐχθρός (ekhthrós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /exˈθɾos/
* Hyphenation: εχ‧θρός

### Noun

εχθρός • (echthrós) m (plural εχθροί)
* enemy

#### Derived terms

* εχθροπραξία f (echthropraxía)
* εχθρότητα f (echthrótita)

#### Related terms

* έχθρα f (échthra)
* εχθρικός (echthrikós)
# κώθων
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

According to Beekes, probably of Pre-Greek origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔ̌ː.tʰɔːn/ → /ˈko.θon/ → /ˈko.θon/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /kɔ̌ː.tʰɔːn/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈko.tʰon/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈko.θon/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈko.θon/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈko.θon/

### Noun

κώθων • (kṓthōn) m (genitive κώθωνος); third declension
* Laconian drinking vessell used by soldiers
* drinking bout, carousal
* name of the inner harbour at Carthage

#### Derived terms

* κωθωνία (kōthōnía)
* κωθωνίζω (kōthōnízō)
* κωθώνιον (kōthṓnion)

#### Descendants

* → English: kothon (learned)
* → Etruscan: 𐌒𐌖𐌕𐌖𐌌 (qutum)
* → Latin: cothō

### Further reading

* “κώθων”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* κώθων in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# věchet
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech věchet. From vít.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvjɛxɛt]
* Hyphenation: vě‧chet

### Noun

věchet m inan
* wisp
    Zatím se díra ucpe hadrem nebo slaměným věchtem. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (expressively) old person
    Jsem věchet, držící se sotva na nohou. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Derived terms

* věchýtek

#### Related terms

* vích
* vít

### Further reading

* “věchet”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “věchet”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “věchet”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# bimbrownia
## Polish
### Etymology

From bimber +‎ -ownia. First attested in 1940.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bimˈbrɔv.ɲa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɲa
* Syllabification: bim‧brow‧nia

### Noun

bimbrownia f
* moonshine distillery (place where moonshine is produced)
    Synonym: samogoniarnia

#### Related terms

* bimbrowniczy
* bimbrowy
* bimber
* bimbrarz
* bimbrownictwo
* bimbrowniczka
* bimbrownik

### References

* ↑ bimbrownia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

### Further reading

* bimbrownia in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* bimbrownia in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# chelicerate
## English
### Pronunciation

IPA: /kɪˈlɪsəˌɹeɪt/

### Adjective

chelicerate (not comparable)
* Of or relating to the Chelicerata subphylum of arachnids, horseshoe crabs, etc.

### Noun

chelicerate (plural chelicerates)
* Any member of the Chelicerata.

#### Derived terms

* euchelicerate
# zdroworozsądkowy
## Polish
### Etymology

From zdrowy rozsądek +‎ -owy, morphologically zdrowy +‎ -o- +‎ rozsądek +‎ -owy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zdrɔ.vɔ.rɔs.sɔntˈkɔ.vɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
* Syllabification: zdro‧wo‧roz‧sąd‧ko‧wy

### Adjective

zdroworozsądkowy (not comparable, derived adverb zdroworozsądkowo)
* common-sense
    Synonym: sensowny

#### Related terms

* zdrowy rozsądek

### Further reading

* zdroworozsądkowy in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zdroworozsądkowy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# didactiek
## Dutch
### Etymology

From the base of didactisch +‎ -iek.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

didactiek f (plural didactieken, diminutive didactiekje n)
* didactics

#### Derived terms

* vakdidactiek

#### Related terms

* didactisch

### Further reading

* didactiek on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# guvë
## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* guvër — dialectal

### Etymology

Akin to Greek γούβα (goúva), γκούβα (gkoúva, “small pit; depression”), Aromanian guvã (“hole, cavity”), regional Romanian guvă (“nostril”). Other languages may have borrowed the word from Albanian where, given the variant guvër, it is most likely a variant of gavër (“hollow in a tree trunk; hole, cavity”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡuvə/
* Rhymes: -uvə

### Noun

guvë f (plural guva)
* large pit, cavity; cave, grotto
    Synonyms: shpellë, gërrec
* hollow in a tree trunk
    Synonyms: zgarbë, zgërbonjë, gavër, zgavër, gabrrec

#### Derived terms

* guvosh
* guvrim

### References

* “gúv/ë,~a”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎ (in Albanian), 1980, page 594a
* γούβα, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
* Papahagi, T. (1974) “gúvă”, in Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd edition (overall work in Romanian and French), Bucharest, page 606f.
* Mann, S. E. (1948) “guv-ë”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 139b
* Meyer, G. (1891) “guvɛ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 136
# troita
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* truita, truta

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese troyta (first attested in 1399), from Late Latin tructa, of uncertain origin, possibly from Ancient Greek τρώκτης (trṓktēs). Cognate with Portuguese truta, Spanish trucha.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɾojta/ [ˈt̪ɾoj.t̪ɐ]
* Rhymes: -ojta
* Hyphenation: troi‧ta

### Noun

troita f (plural troitas)
* trout (Salmo trutta)
** 1399, Miguel González Garcés, editor, Historia de La Coruña. Edad Media, A Coruña: Caixa Galicia, page 582:ajan por cada hun cinquenta maravedis para viño e para troytathey should have fifty coins for each one, for wine and trouts

### Noun

troita m (plural troitas)
* (figurative, dated) rogue
    Synonym: boirao

#### Derived terms

* troiteiro

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “troyta”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “troyt”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “troita”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “troita”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “troita”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
# ယပ်
## Burmese
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-yaːp (“to fan, winnow, paddle, wave”); cognate with Mizo zâap (“fan”), Tibetan གྱབ་མོ (gyab mo, “to fan, wave”), as well as perhaps Old Chinese 箑 (OC *sreːb, *sreb, “fan”). Said root is allofamic with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krap (“to beat, thrash, winnow”), the latter whence Tibetan 'khrab-pa (“to strike, beat, winnow, fan”), Old Chinese 壓 (OC *qreːb, “to press down”) (STEDT).
Other theories have proposed a derivation from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-lap (“leaf”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jaʔ/
* Romanization: MLCTS: yap • ALA-LC: yapʻ • BGN/PCGN: yat • Okell: yaʔ
* Homophone: ရပ် (rap)

### Noun

ယပ် • (yap)
* fan (instrument with a broad surface which is operated manually to create an air current)
    Synonym: ယပ်တောင် (yaptaung)

#### Derived terms

* ကမ်းယပ် (kam:yap)
* ကြာယပ် (krayap)
* ခြင်ယပ် (hkrang-yap)
* တစ်ဖက်ယပ်တဲ (tachpak-yaptai:)
* ဒေါင်းတောင်ယပ် (daung:taung-yap)
* မီးယပ် (mi:yap)
* မီးယပ်ချမ်း (mi:yaphkyam:)
* မီးယပ်ပညာ (mi:yappa.nya)
* မီးယပ်ပိန်မီးယပ်ခြောက် (mi:yappinmi:yaphkrauk)
* မီးယပ်ရောဂါ (mi:yap-rau:ga)
* မီးယပ်ဝမ်း (mi:yap-wam:)
* မီးယပ်သည် (mi:yapsany)
* ယပ်စောင်းတရား (yapcaung:ta.ra:)
* ယပ်တောင် (yaptaung)
* ယပ်ထောင်တရား (yaphtaungta.ra:)
* ယပ်မား (yapma:)
* ယပ်လှဲတရား (yaphlai:ta.ra:)
* လက်ယပ်ခေါ် (lak-yaphkau)
* လေယပ် (leyap)
* သားမြီးယပ် (sa:mri:yap)

#### See also

* ပန်ကာ (panka)

### References

* ↑ “ယပ်” in The Judson Burmese–English Dictionary (Rangoon: American Baptist Mission Press 1921), page 815.

### Further reading

* “ယပ်” in Myanmar–English Dictionary (Myanmar Language Commission 1993). Searchable online at SEAlang.net.
# píb
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* píob (Ulster)

### Etymology

From Old Irish pípa, píp, from Vulgar Latin *pīpa, from pīpiō (“to chirp, peep”), of imitative origin. Compare Scottish Gaelic pìob. Doublet of píopa.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Connacht) IPA: /pʲiːbʲ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /pʲiəbˠ/ (corresponding to the form píob)

### Noun

píb f (genitive singular píbe, nominative plural píoba)
* (music, construction) pipe
* (anatomy) windpipe; throat, neck

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
píb
píoba
vocative
a phíb
a phíoba
genitive
píbe
píob
dative
píb
píoba
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an phíb
na píoba
genitive
na píbe
na bpíob
dative
leis an bpíb don phíb
leis na píoba :

#### Derived terms

* banna píob m (“pipe band”)
* píb mhála f (“bagpipe”)
* píb uilleann f (“uilleann pipes”)
* píbín (diminutive)
* píblíne f (“pipeline”)
* píobaire m (“piper”)
* píobarnach (“wheezing”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “pípa”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 371, page 126

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “píb”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “píb”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “píb”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
# tytułować
## Polish
### Etymology

From tytuł +‎ -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɘ.tuˈwɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: ty‧tu‧ło‧wać

### Verb

tytułować impf (perfective zatytułować)
* (transitive) to entitle (a book, film, play, etc.)

### Verb

tytułować impf
* (transitive) to address someone using their title

#### Related terms

* tytularny
* tytułowy
* tytulatura
* tytuł

### Further reading

* tytułować in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* tytułować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# potyczka
## Polish
### Etymology

From potykać +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔˈtɘt͡ʂ.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘt͡ʂka
* Syllabification: po‧tycz‧ka

### Noun

potyczka f
* (military) clash, encounter, skirmish (brief battle between small groups)
    Synonym: utarczka
* argument, quarrel
    Synonyms: spór, sprzeczka, utarczka

#### Related terms

* potykać

### Further reading

* potyczka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* potyczka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# downcyclen
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English downcycle.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: down‧cy‧clen

### Verb

downcyclen
* (transitive) to downcycle
    Antonym: upcyclen
    Hypernym: recyclen

#### Related terms

* downcycling
# esclavo
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Medieval Latin sclavus (“slave”), from Late Latin Sclavus (“a Slav”), from Byzantine Greek Σκλάβος (Sklábos) (or borrowed from the Greek directly), see that entry for more. Doublet of eslavo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /esˈklabo/ [esˈkla.β̞o]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -abo
* Syllabification: es‧cla‧vo

### Noun

esclavo m (plural esclavos, feminine esclava, feminine plural esclavas)
* slave
    Synonym: siervo

#### Derived terms

* esclavismo
* esclavista

#### Related terms

* esclavitud

### Further reading

* “esclavo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# dosyć
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɔ.sɘt͡ɕ/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) IPA: /ˈdɔ.sɘt͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔsɘt͡ɕ
* Syllabification: do‧syć

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *do syti, from *sytь. Compare Ukrainian до́сить (dósytʹ).

#### Interjection

dosyć
* enough!, stop!
    Synonyms: dość, szlus
    Dosyć kłótni! ― Enough arguing!

#### Particle

dosyć
* quite (to a certain degree)
    Synonyms: całkiem, dość, stosunkowo, w miarę, zupełnie
* sufficiently (sufficiently)
    Synonyms: dość, wystarczająco
* suffice it to say
    Synonyms: dość, dość powiedzieć
    Antonym: mało powiedzieć

#### Numeral

dosyć
* (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) Synonym of ile
    Dosyć was tam było? ― How many of you were there?
    Dosyć razy po wodę pójdziesz? ― How many times will go get water?

##### Derived terms

* dość

##### Related terms

* dosycać impf
* dosycić pf

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

dosyć
* second-person singular imperative of dosycić

### Further reading

* dosyć in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* dosyć in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Gustaw Pobłocki (1887) “dosyć”, in Słownik kaszubski z dodatkiem idyotyzmów chełmińskich i kociewskich (in Polish), 2 edition, Chełmno, page 131
# domesticidad
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin domesticitātem.

### Noun

domesticidad f (uncountable)
* domesticity

#### Related terms

* doméstico

### Further reading

* “domesticidad”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# zadzierać
## Polish
### Etymology

From zadrzeć +‎ -ać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zaˈd͡ʑɛ.rat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛrat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: za‧dzie‧rać

### Verb

zadzierać impf (perfective zadrzeć)
* (transitive) to tear off slightly
    Synonym: nadrywać
* (transitive) to elevate, to lift up
* (intransitive) to hassle, to mess with (to pick a fight or start an argument) [with z (+ instrumental)]
    Synonym: narażać się
* (reflexive with się) to get torn off slightly
* (reflexive with się) to get lifted up

#### Derived terms

* zadzierać nosa impf, zadrzeć nosa pf

#### Related terms

* zadarty

### Further reading

* zadzierać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zadzierać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# becel
## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɛ.t͡sɛl/
* Rhymes: -ɛt͡sɛl
* Syllabification: be‧cel

### Noun

becel m inan
* (slang) dough, money
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:pieniądze
** 2014, Kuban (lyrics and music), “DobZi Ludzie”, in Co Za Mixtape‎:Jeden kręci bekę, drugi kręci blanta każdy traci becel byle była frajda I też każdy zna się tu na naszych żartachSomeone's making fun, someone's rolling a blunt everybody's wasting dough so that it's fun And everybody can take our jokes

#### Derived terms

* becelować

### Further reading

* Piotr Fliciński, Stanisław Wójtowicz, editors (2007), “becel”, in Hip-Hop Słownik, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN, page 12
# inwigilacja
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English invigilation.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /in.vi.ɡiˈla.t͡sja/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -at͡sja
* Syllabification: in‧wi‧gi‧la‧cja

### Noun

inwigilacja f
* surveillance (observation of individuals or groups of individuals)

#### Derived terms

* inwigilacyjny

#### Related terms

* inwigilator
* inwigilatorka
* inwigilować

### Further reading

* inwigilacja in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* inwigilacja in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# aamo
## Ye'kwana
### Etymology

From öt- (intransitivizer) + the descendant of Proto-Cariban *amo (“to weep for”). Cognate to Kari'na otamo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [aːmo]

### Verb

aamo
* (intransitive, agentive) to cry, to weep

#### Derived terms

* waamonö

### References

* Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “aamo”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon
* Hall, Katherine Lee (1988) The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University, pages 315, 401: “-amo- 'cry' […] wa:munö - tear (of eye)”
* Hall, Katherine (2007) “w-amo-nə”, in Mary Ritchie Key & Bernard Comrie, editors, The Intercontinental Dictionary Series‎, Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, published 2021
# confest
## English
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɛst

### Verb

confest
* (archaic or poetic) simple past and past participle of confess
** 1676, Izaak Walton, The Compleat Angler‎:[…] I wish it may not displease others; for, I have confest there are many defects in it.
** 1783, William Godwin, Four Early Pamphlets‎:What though her face confest a darker shade?
** 1840, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎:Oh! bold Fighting Attie, the knowing, the natty, By us all it must sure be confest, Though your shoppers and snobbers are pretty good robbers, A soldier is always the best.

#### Derived terms

* confestly
# čachrářství
## Czech
### Etymology

From čachrář (“wheeler-dealer”) +‎ -ství.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃaxraːr̝̊stviː]
* Rhymes: -aːr̝̊stviː
* Hyphenation: ča‧ch‧rář‧ství

### Noun

čachrářství n
* (derogatory, usually politics) intrigue, wheeling and dealing

#### Related terms

* čachr m inan
* čachrář m anim
* čachrovat impf

### Further reading

* “čachrářství”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “čachrářství”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “čachrářství” in Akademický slovník současné češtiny, 2012–2025, slovnikcestiny.cz
* “čachrářství”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# kasvokkain
## Finnish
### Etymology

kasvot +‎ -kkain (situative singular)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑsʋokːɑi̯n/, [ˈkɑ̝s̠ʋo̞kːɑ̝i̯n]
* Rhymes: -ɑsʋokːɑin
* Hyphenation: kas‧vok‧kain

### Adverb

kasvokkain
* face to face, vis-à-vis

#### Synonyms

* kasvotusten

#### Derived terms

* kasvokkainen

### Further reading

* “kasvokkain”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
# mendeshë
## Albanian
### Etymology

From mënd (“to feed, suckle”) +‎ -eshë (feminine suffix).

### Noun

mendeshë f (plural mëndesha, definite mëndesha, definite plural mëndeshat)
* foster mother, wet nurse

#### Related terms

* mënd
* mëz
# nadpłata
## Polish
### Etymology

Deverbal from nadpłacić.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /natˈpwa.ta/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ata
* Syllabification: nad‧pła‧ta

### Noun

nadpłata f
* overpayment

#### Related terms

* nadpłacać
* nadpłacić

### Further reading

* nadpłata in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* nadpłata in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# porquerizo
## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish porcarizo, from Late Latin porcāricius, from Latin porcus (“pig”). By surface analysis, puerco +‎ -erizo. Compare Portuguese porcariço.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /poɾkeˈɾiθo/ [poɾ.keˈɾi.θo]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /poɾkeˈɾiso/ [poɾ.keˈɾi.so]
* Rhymes: -iθo
* Rhymes: -iso
* Syllabification: por‧que‧ri‧zo

### Noun

porquerizo m (plural porquerizos)
* pig farmer

#### Related terms

* porqueriza

### Further reading

* “porquerizo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10