# tanka
## English
### Etymology 1

From Japanese 短歌 (tanka, “short song”), from Middle Chinese 短 (MC twanX) 歌 (MC ka) (compare Mandarin 短歌 (duǎngē) duǎngē).

#### Noun

tanka (plural tankas or tanka)
* A form of Japanese verse in five lines of 5, 7, 5, 7, and 7 morae.
** 1996, Makoto Ueda, Modern Japanese Tanka: An Anthology, →ISBN:Like haiku, tanka is a short, classical verse form that has attracted considerable attention in this century.
** 2007, Hiroaki Sato, Miyazawa Kenji: Selections, page 38:One tanka poet who directly influenced Kenji is Ishikawa takuboku, who lineated tanka—an extraordinary break with the tradition of writing tanka in one line.
** 2016, Noriko Iwasaki, Peter Sells, Kimi Akita, The Grammar of Japanese Mimetics, page 121:The notion of rhyming in Japanese tanka poetry is applied differently from what we observe in the Western poetry tradition.

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

See thangka.

#### Noun

tanka (plural tankas)
* Alternative form of thangka (“Tibetan religious artwork”)
** 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 224:In the practice of yoga certain functions which were previously subconscious become open to consciousness; this opening of the subconscious is well pictured in certain Tibetan tankas, or in Western art, in the Temptation of St. Anthony paintings by Bosch and Grünewald.
** 1981 January-April, News Tibet, volume 16, number 1, page 15:A powerful 17th to 18th century example of the endless cycle of rebirth is this primitively painted tanka called “The Wheel of Existence." It was displayed with alarming vividness at the entrance to most Tibetan temples.
** 1988, Victor H. Mair, Painting and Performance: Chinese Picture Recitation and Its Indian Genesis, page 123:He has hung up his tanka (Tibetan thaṅka, a religious painting that is usually mounted on fabric) on the wall and is sitting down to the left of it.
** 1997, Anne Maiden Brown, Edie Farwell, Dickey Nyerongsha, The Tibetan Art of Parenting: From Before Conception Through Early Childhood, page 8:Tashi is unable to establish himself yet as a tanka painter in Dharamsala, so he has taken a job at the Tibetan Library assisting other tanka painters.

### Etymology 3

See Tanka.

#### Noun

tanka (plural tankas)
* Alternative form of Tanka (“ethnic group of boat people living in China”)
** 1831, The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British and Foreign India, China, and Australasia:And when foreigners go and come from Whampoa to Canton, tanka-boats and boats with families must not be employed.
** 1835, The Chinese Repository, page 392:At every landing place behind the hongs, (i. e. in the front of the factories,) where barbarians reside, they must not allow the tanka boats to anchor.
** 1845, Miscellaneous Remarks Upon the Government, History, Religions, Literature, Agriculture, Arts, Trades, Manners, and Customs of the Chinese:In Macao roads, where vessels usually stop before proceeding up to the Canton anchorage, the tanka boats are generally navigated by young girls, in competition with whom the old women meet with poor encouragement.
** 1927, Herbert Ernest Gregory, Report of the director for 1926, page 6:Speaking of an interesting group of people near Canton, he says : Both the Tanka (boat people) and Hakka (another ethnic group, distinct from the Cantonese, living on land) have distinctive dialects and differ in phvsique from The Cantonese.
* A kind of boat used in Guangdong, about 25 feet long and often rowed by Tanka women; junk.
** 1837, Edmund Roberts, Embassy to the eastern courts of CochinChina, Siam and Muscat:Immediately on our nearing the harbour, a race took place among the amphibious damsels that inhabit the numerous sampans, tanka or egg-boats, which always lie within a short distance of the shore.
** 1866, William Ainsworth, All Around the World:The tanka is a small boat, almost as wide as long, and differing therein much from the sharp and narrow canoes of the Malays. The crew generally consists of an elderly woman, who sits or stands at the stern, rotating with a vigorous and experienced arm the long oar which is the great propeller of all boats in the Celestial Empire.
** 1967, Stan Hugill, Sailortown, page 56:These craft, the tanka, were the homes of thousands of true seamen — people who rarely came ashore ;

### Etymology 4

Ultimately from Sanskrit टङ्क (ṭaṅka, “chisel; tanka”).

#### Noun

tanka (plural tankas)
* (historical) A coin and unit of currency of varying value, formerly used in parts of India and Central Asia.
** 1994, Stephen Frederic Dale, Indian Merchants and Eurasian Trade, 1600-1750, page 29:In Uzbek Turan Shah Rukh's tanka remained the standard silver coin and weighed an average of slightly more than 5 g throughout the sixteenth century.
** 1997, Kiran Nagarkar, Cuckold, HarperCollins, published 2013, page 42:The last of the gifts was fifteen horses with velvet and jewelled trappings and one hundred thousand tankas in cash.
** 2011, Najaf Haider, edited by Irfan Habib, Economic History of Medieval India, 1200-1500, Vol. VIII part 1, p. 152:A major shift in the usage of silver and billion coinage came about in the second quarter of the fourteenth century when Muḥammad Tughluq, after striking the ṭanka of 169.8 grains in the beginning, replaced it with a coin of lower weight (144 grains) called ‘adli, which was then treated as the standard ṭanka.

##### Alternative forms

* taka, tucka

### Anagrams

* kanat

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Japanese 短歌 (tanka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɑŋkɑ/, [ˈt̪ɑ̝ŋkɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑŋkɑ
* Hyphenation: tan‧ka

### Noun

tanka
* tanka (Japanese verse)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of tanka (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tankani
tankani
accusative
nom.
tankani
tankani
gen.
tankani
genitive
tankani
tankojeni tankaini $^{rare}$
partitive
tankaani
tankojani
inessive
tankassani
tankoissani
elative
tankastani
tankoistani
illative
tankaani
tankoihini
adessive
tankallani
tankoillani
ablative
tankaltani
tankoiltani
allative
tankalleni
tankoilleni
essive
tankanani
tankoinani
translative
tankakseni
tankoikseni
abessive
tankattani
tankoittani
instructive
comitative
—tankoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tankasi
tankasi
accusative
nom.
tankasi
tankasi
gen.
tankasi
genitive
tankasi
tankojesi tankaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
tankaasi
tankojasi
inessive
tankassasi
tankoissasi
elative
tankastasi
tankoistasi
illative
tankaasi
tankoihisi
adessive
tankallasi
tankoillasi
ablative
tankaltasi
tankoiltasi
allative
tankallesi
tankoillesi
essive
tankanasi
tankoinasi
translative
tankaksesi
tankoiksesi
abessive
tankattasi
tankoittasi
instructive
comitative
—tankoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tankamme
tankamme
accusative
nom.
tankamme
tankamme
gen.
tankamme
genitive
tankamme
tankojemme tankaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
tankaamme
tankojamme
inessive
tankassamme
tankoissamme
elative
tankastamme
tankoistamme
illative
tankaamme
tankoihimme
adessive
tankallamme
tankoillamme
ablative
tankaltamme
tankoiltamme
allative
tankallemme
tankoillemme
essive
tankanamme
tankoinamme
translative
tankaksemme
tankoiksemme
abessive
tankattamme
tankoittamme
instructive
comitative
—tankoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tankanne
tankanne
accusative
nom.
tankanne
tankanne
gen.
tankanne
genitive
tankanne
tankojenne tankainne $^{rare}$
partitive
tankaanne
tankojanne
inessive
tankassanne
tankoissanne
elative
tankastanne
tankoistanne
illative
tankaanne
tankoihinne
adessive
tankallanne
tankoillanne
ablative
tankaltanne
tankoiltanne
allative
tankallenne
tankoillenne
essive
tankananne
tankoinanne
translative
tankaksenne
tankoiksenne
abessive
tankattanne
tankoittanne
instructive
comitative
—tankoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tankansa
tankansa
accusative
nom.
tankansa
tankansa
gen.
tankansa
genitive
tankansa
tankojensa tankainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
tankaansa
tankojaan tankojansa
inessive
tankassaan tankassansa
tankoissaan tankoissansa
elative
tankastaan tankastansa
tankoistaan tankoistansa
illative
tankaansa
tankoihinsa
adessive
tankallaan tankallansa
tankoillaan tankoillansa
ablative
tankaltaan tankaltansa
tankoiltaan tankoiltansa
allative
tankalleen tankallensa
tankoilleen tankoillensa
essive
tankanaan tankanansa
tankoinaan tankoinansa
translative
tankakseen tankaksensa
tankoikseen tankoiksensa
abessive
tankattaan tankattansa
tankoittaan tankoittansa
instructive
comitative
—tankoineen tankoinensa :

#### Derived terms

* tankaruno

### Further reading

* “tanka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* ankat, kanat, kanta, katan, takan

## Japanese
### Romanization

tanka
* Rōmaji transcription of たんか

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* tanket

### Verb

tanka
* inflection of tanke:
** simple past
** past participle

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* tanke

### Etymology

From English tank.

### Verb

tanka (present tense tankar, past tense tanka, past participle tanka, passive infinitive tankast, present participle tankande, imperative tanka/tank)
* tank (put fuel into a tank)

### References

* “tanka” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɐ̃.kɐ/

### Verb

tanka
* inflection of tankar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Serbo-Croatian
### Adjective

tanka
* inflection of tanak:
** feminine nominative/vocative singular
** indefinite masculine/neuter genitive singular
** indefinite animate masculine accusative singular
** neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

## Swedish
### Noun

tanka c
* (archaic) thought
    ... på Månan, och har gifvit anledning till den oriktiga tankan att där finnas eldsprutande berg.
       ... on the Moon, and has given occasion to the incorrect thought that it has fire-spouting mountains.

#### Declension
### Verb

tanka (present tankar, preterite tankade, supine tankat, imperative tanka)
* to refuel, to fill up (put gasoline in a tank)
* (slang) to drink large quantities of alcohol; to booze
* (computing, slang) to download large quantities of data

#### Related terms

* tanka ner
* tanka upp
* tankning

### References

* tanka in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* tanka in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* tanka in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* kanat, kanta