# bard
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /bɑːd/
* (General American) IPA: /bɑɹd/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)d
* Homophone: barred

### Etymology 1

(15th c.) from Scottish Gaelic bàrd, from Old Irish bard, from Proto-Celtic *bardos (“bard, poet”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“praise”), and reinforced by Latin bardus, borrowed from Celtic. Cognate with Latin grātus (“grateful, pleasant, delightful”), Sanskrit गृणाति (gṛṇāti, “calls, praises”), Old Church Slavonic жрьти (žrĭti, “to sacrifice”).

#### Noun

bard (plural bards)
* A professional poet and singer, like among the ancient Celts, whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men.
** 1837, Richard Llwyd, The Poetical Works of Richard Llwyd, the Bard of Snowdon‎:He is a Welsh bard, and a man full of animation, anecdote, and independence; […]
** 2023, Rundisc, Chants of Sennaar, Focus Entertainment, via Nintendo Switch, level/area: Gardens:A WEAPON, THE WARRIOR CARRIES. A SAW, THE IDIOT CARRIES. AN INSTRUMENT, THE BARD CARRIES.
* (by extension) A poet.
    Shakespeare is known as the bard of Avon.
* (roleplaying games, fantasy) A class of character that typically focuses on charisma, magic and supporting other players; a fantasy fiction character inspired by this archetype.
** 2015 August 18, Tim Pratt, Pathfinder Tales: Reign of Stars, Macmillan, →ISBN, page 116:I saw a bard work a bit of magic once. He brought up a volunteer from the audience, insulted him in rather colorful fashion, and then made the man forget the insults—and then he did the same trick all over again, twice more.”
** 2024 January 9, Kristy Boyce, Dungeons and Drama, Delacorte Press, →ISBN, page 66:"Having a bard would be even less helpful than having a second wizard, " John interjects.

##### Derived terms

* Bard
* bardcore
* bardcraft
* bardess
* bardic
* bardie
* bardish
* bardism
* bardlet
* bardlike
* bardling
* bardolator
* bardolatry
* bardship

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From French barde. English since the late 15th century.

#### Noun

bard (plural bards)
* A piece of defensive (or, sometimes, ornamental) armor for a horse's neck, breast, and flanks; a barb. (Often in the plural.)
* Defensive armor formerly worn by a man at arms.
* (cooking) A thin slice of fat bacon used to cover any meat or game.
* The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree; the rind.
* Specifically, Peruvian bark.

##### Translations
#### Verb

bard (third-person singular simple present bards, present participle barding, simple past and past participle barded)
* To cover a horse in defensive armor.
** 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 29:The defensive armor with which the horses of the ancient knights or men at arms were covered, or, to use the language of the time, barded, consisted of the following pieces made either of metal or jacked leather, the Chamfron, Chamfrein or Shaffron, the Criniere or Main Facre, the Poitrenal, Poitral or Breast Plate, and the Croupiere or Buttock Piece.
* (cooking) To cover (meat or game) with a thin slice of fat bacon.

### Anagrams

* Brad, brad, darb, drab

## Catalan
### Noun

bard m (plural bards)
* bard (a professional poet and singer, like among the ancient Celts)

### Further reading

* “bard” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “bard”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “bard” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “bard” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbart]

### Noun

bard m anim
* bard (Celtic poet and singer)
* (by extension) bard, poet, spokesperson

#### Derived terms

* bardický
* bardský
* bardství

### Further reading

* “bard”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “bard”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “bard”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed either from German Barde or English bard. Ultimately from Proto-Celtic *bardos (“bard, poet”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“praise”). Cognate with Latin grātus (“grateful, pleasant, delightful”), Sanskrit गृणाति (gṛṇāti, “calls, praises”), Old Church Slavonic жрьти (žrĭti, “to sacrifice”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɑrt/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: bard
* Rhymes: -ɑrt

### Noun

bard m (plural barden)
* bard, Celtic poet, singer

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French bard, from Old French béart, bayart, baiart, boieart, boyart, bayard (“stretcher”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from unattested *berard, from Frankish *berhard (“carrier”), from Frankish *beran (“to carry”) + *-hard.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baʁ/

### Noun

bard m (plural bards)
* (dated) a sort of stretcher, with no wheels, used for transporting materials
* (dated) a sawhorse

#### Synonyms

* bayard
* (sawhorse): tréteau

### Further reading

* “bard”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Irish
### Alternative forms

* bárd (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Old Irish bard, from Proto-Celtic *bardos.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Connacht) IPA: /bˠɑːɾˠd̪ˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /bˠæːɾˠd̪ˠ/

### Noun

bard m (genitive singular baird, nominative plural baird)
* poet (of a certain rank); bard
* scold

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
bard
baird
vocative
a bhaird
a bharda
genitive
baird
bard
dative
bard
baird
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an bard
na baird
genitive
an bhaird
na mbard
dative
leis an mbard don bhard
leis na baird :

#### Derived terms

* filíocht na mbard (“bardic poetry”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bard”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bard”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “bárd”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 60

## Ludian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *parta, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bardā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂.

### Noun

bard
* beard

## Maltese

* Root
* b-r-d
* 11 terms

### Etymology

From Arabic بَرْد (bard).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bart/

### Noun

bard m (plural brud)
* cold; cold weather
** 1949-1952, Anton Buttigieg, “Il-Ħolma tan-Natura”, in Qasba mar-Riħ, published 1977:U meta tiġi x-xitwa erħilha teqred bir-rxiex, bis-silġ, bil-bard, bir-riħ u rwiefen il-ħlejjaq qodma: weraq sfajra u morda, u rix mitbiela,(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### See also

* kiesaħ

## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish bard, from Proto-Celtic *bardos.

### Noun

bard m (genitive singular ?, plural bardyn)
* bard
* poet

#### Synonyms

* bardagh
* bardoonagh

### Mutation
## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* barde

### Etymology

From Old Norse barð.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baːr/, /baːɽ/

### Noun

bard m (definite singular barden, indefinite plural bardar, definite plural bardane)
* an edge, rim, (river)bank

#### Related terms

* Svalbard

### Further reading

* “bard” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
* “bard” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *bardos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bar͈d/

### Noun

bard m (genitive baird, nominative plural baird)
* bard
* poet

#### Inflection

Masculine o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | bard | bard$^L$ | baird$^L$ |
| Vocative | baird | bard$^L$ | bardu$^H$ |
| Accusative | bard$^N$ | bard$^L$ | bardu$^H$ |
| Genitive | baird$^L$ | bard | bard$^N$ |
| Dative | bard$^L$ | bardaib | bardaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Synonyms

* éices
* fer cerda
* fili
* túar

#### Descendants

* Irish: bard
* Manx: bard
* Scottish Gaelic: bàrd
** → English: bard

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bard”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbart/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -art
* Syllabification: bard

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French barde, from Latin bardus, from Proto-Celtic *bardos (“bard”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to approve, praise”).

#### Noun

bard m pers
* (historical) bard (professional Celtic poet and singer whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men)
* (by extension) bard, poet, songster
    Synonyms: poeta, piewca, wieszcz

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

bard n
* genitive plural of bardo

### Further reading

* bard in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* bard in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French barde, from Latin bardus.

### Noun

bard m (plural barzi)
* bard

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Noun

bard c
* bard (poet and singer)
* (physiology, often in the plural) baleen

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | bard | bards |
| singular | definite | barden | bardens |
| plural | indefinite | barder | barders |
| plural | definite | barderna | bardernas |

#### See also

* diktare
* skald

### References

* bard in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* bard in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* bard in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *parta, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bardā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂.

### Noun

bard
* beard