# -ttu
## Finnish
### Alternative forms

* -tu, -ty (with some verbs)

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ttu, from *-tta- (passive infix) + an uncertain suffix, probably either *-u or *-ut (compare *-nut).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-tːu(ˣ)/, [-t̪ːu(ʔ)]

### Suffix

-ttu (front vowel harmony variant -tty, linguistic notation -ttU)
* Forms the past passive participle of a verb, which is normally used like an adjective. The English equivalent is normally -ed.
    ‎katsoa (“to see, look, watch”) + ‎-ttu → ‎katsottu (“(that has been) seen, watched”)

#### Usage notes

* Some inflected forms have specific uses:
** genitive singular: used with verbs of reporting or observing to refer to the action having been done by someone (passively) according to that report or observation.
    Artikkelia sanotaan luetun paljon Suomen kouluissa. ― It is said that this article has been read a lot in Finnish schools.
** partitive singular:
*** used (chiefly) with a possessive suffix for "having done", "after X had done"
    Syötyäni päätin ottaa nokoset. ― Having eaten, I decided to take a nap.
*** used with saada to express finishing something, often in the sense of an achievement
    Sain sen syötyä. ― I managed to eat it.
*** used with tulla without a possessive suffix to disparagingly talk about something someone has done
    Mitä tuli sanottua? ― What did you (just) say (to me)?

#### Declension

Possessive forms of -ttu (Kotus type 1*C/valo, tt-t gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ttuni
-ttuni
accusative
nom.
-ttuni
-ttuni
gen.
-ttuni
genitive
-ttuni
-ttujeni
partitive
-ttuani
-ttujani
inessive
-tussani
-tuissani
elative
-tustani
-tuistani
illative
-ttuuni
-ttuihini
adessive
-tullani
-tuillani
ablative
-tultani
-tuiltani
allative
-tulleni
-tuilleni
essive
-ttunani
-ttuinani
translative
-tukseni
-tuikseni
abessive
-tuttani
-tuittani
instructive
comitative
—-ttuineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ttusi
-ttusi
accusative
nom.
-ttusi
-ttusi
gen.
-ttusi
genitive
-ttusi
-ttujesi
partitive
-ttuasi
-ttujasi
inessive
-tussasi
-tuissasi
elative
-tustasi
-tuistasi
illative
-ttuusi
-ttuihisi
adessive
-tullasi
-tuillasi
ablative
-tultasi
-tuiltasi
allative
-tullesi
-tuillesi
essive
-ttunasi
-ttuinasi
translative
-tuksesi
-tuiksesi
abessive
-tuttasi
-tuittasi
instructive
comitative
—-ttuinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ttumme
-ttumme
accusative
nom.
-ttumme
-ttumme
gen.
-ttumme
genitive
-ttumme
-ttujemme
partitive
-ttuamme
-ttujamme
inessive
-tussamme
-tuissamme
elative
-tustamme
-tuistamme
illative
-ttuumme
-ttuihimme
adessive
-tullamme
-tuillamme
ablative
-tultamme
-tuiltamme
allative
-tullemme
-tuillemme
essive
-ttunamme
-ttuinamme
translative
-tuksemme
-tuiksemme
abessive
-tuttamme
-tuittamme
instructive
comitative
—-ttuinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ttunne
-ttunne
accusative
nom.
-ttunne
-ttunne
gen.
-ttunne
genitive
-ttunne
-ttujenne
partitive
-ttuanne
-ttujanne
inessive
-tussanne
-tuissanne
elative
-tustanne
-tuistanne
illative
-ttuunne
-ttuihinne
adessive
-tullanne
-tuillanne
ablative
-tultanne
-tuiltanne
allative
-tullenne
-tuillenne
essive
-ttunanne
-ttuinanne
translative
-tuksenne
-tuiksenne
abessive
-tuttanne
-tuittanne
instructive
comitative
—-ttuinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-ttunsa
-ttunsa
accusative
nom.
-ttunsa
-ttunsa
gen.
-ttunsa
genitive
-ttunsa
-ttujensa
partitive
-ttuaan -ttuansa
-ttujaan -ttujansa
inessive
-tussaan -tussansa
-tuissaan -tuissansa
elative
-tustaan -tustansa
-tuistaan -tuistansa
illative
-ttuunsa
-ttuihinsa
adessive
-tullaan -tullansa
-tuillaan -tuillansa
ablative
-tultaan -tultansa
-tuiltaan -tuiltansa
allative
-tulleen -tullensa
-tuilleen -tuillensa
essive
-ttunaan -ttunansa
-ttuinaan -ttuinansa
translative
-tukseen -tuksensa
-tuikseen -tuiksensa
abessive
-tuttaan -tuttansa
-tuittaan -tuittansa
instructive
comitative
—-ttuineen -ttuinensa :

#### Derived terms

* -tuinen