# parfum
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French parfum. Doublet of perfume.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (General American) /pɑɹˈfum/

### Noun

parfum (usually uncountable, plural parfums)
* (cosmetics) Fragrance; perfume.
** 1926, The Magazine of The Women’s City Club of Detroit, page 42:Did you ever dream of a Beauty Shop De Luxe? A charming place of sweet parfums, crystal mirrors, flowered chintzes and soft pastel tints—a lovely salon of beauty, where fresh colors and smart furniture make beauty rites an occasion of pleasure and inspiration?
** 1930, The New Yorker, volume 6, page 111:For Christmas, give a jewel-like flacon of this most exclusive and personal of parfums.
** 1944 April, Jewelers’ Circular-Keystone, page 232:WANTED 10 top flight salesmen in different sections to introduce fine line of parfums made expressly to sell in jewelry stores, also lighters and other exclusive imports.
* (perfumery) A solvent containing around 15% to 40% aromatic compounds.

#### Usage notes

* Used in ingredient lists, etc.

#### Related terms

* parfumier
* eau de parfum
* parfum de toilette

## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* parfuum

### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French parfum, from parfumer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɑrˈfʏm/, (nonstandard, uncommon) /ˈpɑr.fʏm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: par‧fum
* Rhymes: -ʏm

### Noun

parfum n (plural parfums, diminutive parfumpje n)
* a perfume, a luxury product providing a fragrant scent
    Synonyms: reukwerk, parfument
    Essence van rozen en diverse andere bloemen is zeer gegeerd voor natuurlijke parfums.Essence of roses and various others flowers is in high demand for natural perfumes.
* a perfume, a pleasant scent
    De roos Friesia verspreidt een hemels parfum.The rose Friesia gives out a heavenly scent.

#### Derived terms

* geparfumeerd
* parfumeren

#### Related terms

* parfumee
* parfumeerder
* parfumerie
* parfumeur

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: parfuum
* → Caribbean Hindustani: pampaiyá
* → Indonesian: parfum

## French
### Etymology

From Middle French parfumer (“to scent”), borrowed from Old Occitan perfumar or another language around the Mediterranean coast, cf. Italian profumare, themselves from Latin per- (“through, thoroughly”) + fumāre (“to smoke”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paʁ.fœ̃/
* (with merger of un with in) IPA: /paʁ.fɛ̃/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -œ̃

### Noun

parfum m (plural parfums)
* perfume (scented toiletry)
* scent, desirable smell
* flavour, aroma, taste (e.g., of ice cream)
    Le parfum des framboises est rarement naturel.Raspberry flavor is rarely natural

#### Derived terms

* au parfum
* eau de parfum
* esprit de parfum
* parfum de toilette
* parfumerie

#### Related terms

* parfumer
* parfumeur
* parfumeuse

#### Descendants

* → Danish: parfume
* → Dutch: parfum
* → German: Parfüm (see there for further descendants)
* → Romanian: parfum
* → Turkish: parfüm

### Further reading

* “parfum”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch parfum, from Middle French parfum, from Latin per- (“through, thoroughly”) +‎ fumāre (“to smoke”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈparfʊm]
* Rhymes: -fʊm, -ʊm, -m
* Hyphenation: par‧fum

### Noun

parfum (plural parfum-parfum)
* perfume,
** a pleasant smell; the scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor
** a substance created to provide a pleasant smell or one which emits an agreeable odor.
    Synonym: minyak wangi (Standard Malay)

#### Derived terms

* berparfum

### Further reading

* “parfum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French parfum, from Latin perfumāre.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

parfum n (plural parfumuri)
* perfume

#### See also

* miros

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /parfúːm/

### Noun

parfȗm m inan
* perfume (substance providing a pleasant smell)

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* “parfum”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “parfum”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references