# 方法
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fāngfǎ
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤ ㄈㄚˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fong$^1$ faat$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): fong$^1$ fat$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fông-fap
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horng$^1$ hah$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hong-hoat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^1$ huab$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$faon-faq$_7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fāngfǎ → fāngfa (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤ ㄈㄚˇ → ㄈㄤ ˙ㄈㄚ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fangfå
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^1$-fa$^5$
*** Yale: fāng-fa
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fang.faa
*** Palladius: фанфа (fanfa)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ → /fɑŋ⁵⁵ fä²/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^1$ faat$^3$
*** Yale: fōng faat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^1$ faat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^1$ fad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ⁵⁵ faːt̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: fong$^1$ fat$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔŋ³³ fat̚⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fông-fap
*** Hakka Romanization System: fong$^ˊ$ fab$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fong$^1$ fab$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /foŋ²⁴ fap̚²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: horng$^1$ hah$^6$ [Phonetic: horng$^2$ hah$^6$]
*** Sinological IPA : /hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ haʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: horng$^1$ hah$^6$ [Phonetic: horng$^2$ hah$^6$]
*** Sinological IPA : /hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ haʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-hoat
*** Tâi-lô: hong-huat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: honghoad
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ huat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ huat̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ huat̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^1$ huab$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang huap
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ³³⁻²³ huap̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^1$faon-faq$_7$
*** MiniDict: faon$^平$ fah$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$faan-faq$_4$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fɑ̃⁵⁵ faʔ²¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /fɑ̃⁴⁴ faʔ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: pjang pjop
Rime :
| Character | 方 | 法 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) | 乏 (148) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 府良切 | 方乏切 |
| Baxter | pjang | pjop |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʉɐŋ/ | /pɨɐp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷiɐŋ/ | /piɐp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuɑŋ/ | /piɐp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puaŋ/ | /puap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /piuaŋ/ | /piɐp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwaŋ/ | /pĭwɐp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /piwaŋ/ | /pi̯wɐp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fāng | fa |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^1$ | faat$^3$ |

### Noun

方法
* method; way; means; manner (Classifier: 個／个 m)
    訓練方法／训练方法 ― xùnliàn fāngfǎ ― training method
    方法得當／方法得当 ― fāngfǎ dédàng ― suitable method
    研究方法 ― yánjiū fāngfǎ ― research method
    補救方法／补救方法 ― bǔjiù fāngfǎ ― remedy
       yòufā xuéshēng xiězuò xìngqù de fāngfǎ [Pinyin]
       methods of arousing students' interest in writing
       kuàisù zēngqiáng tǔrǎng féilì de hǎo fāngfǎ [Pinyin]
       a good way to quickly improve soil fertility
       Xīn fāngfǎ yě bùshì wánměi de; jǐnguǎn rúcǐ, tā háishì bǐ lǎo fāngfǎ hǎo de duō. [Pinyin]
       The new method is not perfect; even so, it is much better than the old one.
       Zhè yīdài de jìsuànjī gǎibiàn le wǒmen chuàngjiàn méitǐ de fāngfǎ. [Pinyin]
       This generation of computers changed the way we create media.

#### Synonyms

* 主意
* 作法 (zuòfǎ)
* 做法 (zuòfǎ)
* 卯竅 / 卯窍 (mao$^3$ qiao$^4$) (Sichuanese)
* 套套 (tau$^3$ tau$^{3-2}$) (Jin, colloquial)
* 對策 / 对策 (duìcè)
* 工具 (gōngjù) (figurative)
* 手段 (shǒuduàn)
* 措施 (cuòshī)
* 方式 (fāngshì)
* 法子 (colloquial)
* 法度 (Hokkien)
* 渠道 (qúdào)
* 竅門 / 窍门 (qiàomén)
* 竅門兒 / 窍门儿 (qiàoménr)
* 管道 (guǎndào) (figurative, especially of communication)
* 行法 (xíngfǎ) (literary)
* 訣竅 / 诀窍 (juéqiào)
* 訣要 / 诀要 (juéyào)
* 路子 (lùzi)
* 路徑 / 路径 (lùjìng)
* 蹊徑 / 蹊径 (xījìng) (literary, figurative)
* 辦法 / 办法 (bànfǎ)
* 途徑 / 途径 (tújìng)
* 進路 / 进路 (jìnlù)
* 道理 (dàolǐ)
* 道術 / 道术 (dàoshù) (literary)
* 道道 (dau$^3$ dau$^{3-2}$) (Jin)
* 門徑 / 门径 (ménjìng)
* 門路 / 门路 (ménlù)
* 門道 / 门道 (méndao)
* 門頭 / 门头 (méntóu) (literary, figurative)
* 頭路 / 头路 (tóulù) (colloquial)

#### Derived terms

* 方法論 / 方法论 (fāngfǎlùn)
* 科學方法 / 科学方法 (kēxué fāngfǎ)

#### Related terms

* 用法 (yòngfǎ)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 方 | 法 |
| ほう Grade: 2 | ほう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 方法 (MC pjang pjop).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーほー [hòóhóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞ːho̞ː]

### Noun

方(ほう)法(ほう) • (hōhō)
* way; method; manner
    スクリーンショットを撮影(さつえい)する方法(ほうほう)
       sukurīnshotto o satsuei suru hōhō
       method to take screenshots

#### Synonyms

* 手段(しゅだん) (shudan)

#### Derived terms

* 不公正(ふこうせい)な取引方法(とりひきほうほう) (fukōseina torihiki hōhō)
* 公理的方法(こうりてきほうほう) (kōriteki hōhō)
* 方法序説(ほうほうじょせつ) (hōhō josetsu)
* 方法特許(ほうほうとっきょ) (hōhō tokkyo)
* 方法的(ほうほうてき) (hōhōteki)
* 方法的懐疑(ほうほうてきかいぎ) (hōhōteki kaigi)
* 方法論(ほうほうろん) (hōhōron, “methodology”)
* 明認方法(めいにんほうほう) (meinin hōhō)
* 発見的方法(はっけんてきほうほう) (hakkenteki hōhō)
* 証拠方法(しょうこほうほう) (shōko hōhō)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 方 | 法 |

### Noun

方法 • (bangbeop) (hangeul 방법)
* hanja form of 방법 (“method”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 方 | 法 |

### Noun

方法
* chữ Hán form of phương pháp (“method”).