# kapusta
## English
### Etymology

From Polish kapusta, Russian капу́ста (kapústa), Slovak kapusta, Ukrainian капу́ста (kapústa).

### Noun

kapusta (uncountable)
* A dish of braised or stewed sauerkraut or cabbage, with bacon, mushroom and onion or garlic.
** 1979, Paul Wrobel, Our Way: Family, Parish, and Neighborhood in a Polish-American Community, Notre Dame, Ind., London: University of Notre Dame Press, →ISBN, page 107:Fresh kiełbasa is made, center cut pork chops are trimmed just right, and the kapusta (sauerkraut) is prepared for cooking.
** 2000, Jim Vozar, “Making Kapusta and Having Fun”, in Wisconsin Slovak‎, Wisconsin Slovak Historical Society:Then the kapusta was packed into jars super tight and topped with a little kraut juice.
** 2016, Kenna White, Virgin Territory‎, Tallahassee, Fla.: Bella Books, →ISBN:And there would be the typical mother/daughter bickering over how much salt to add to the kapusta, a traditional cooked cabbage dish.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:kapusta.
* Cabbage soup.
** 1931, Albert Muldavin, The Red Fog Lifts, New York, N.Y., London: D. Appleton and Company, page 264:So you are the gentleman from America who has come to try out our kapusta (cabbage soup) and Communism. I am sure you will go back praising our kapusta.
** 1952, Alf Evers, The Colonel’s Squad, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, page 18:The cabbage soup, the kapusta, it will be ready soon.
** 1994 February 9, Beverly Bundy, “Riscky’s is back in the Saddle and almost as good”, in Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 88th year, number 290, Forth Worth, Tex., section D, page 1:Another interesting offering is kapusta ($1.50 cup, $2.50 bowl), a sauerkraut soup native to Poland.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:kapusta.

### Further reading

* Braised sauerkraut on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Cabbage soup on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkapusta]

### Noun

kapusta f
* the Gemmifera group of cabbages
    Synonym: brukev

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “kapusta”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kapusta”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from dialectal Russian копы́стка (kopýstka) (compare Polish kopyść, kopystka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑpustɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝pus̠tɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑpustɑ
* Hyphenation: ka‧pus‧ta

### Noun

kapusta
* wooden spoon (spoon made from wood, commonly used in food preparation)
    Synonyms: puukauha, puulusikka

#### Declension

Possessive forms of kapusta (Kotus type 13/katiska, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kapustani
kapustani
accusative
nom.
kapustani
kapustani
gen.
kapustani
genitive
kapustani
kapustoideni kapustoitteni kapustojeni kapustaini $^{rare}$
partitive
kapustaani
kapustoitani kapustojani
inessive
kapustassani
kapustoissani
elative
kapustastani
kapustoistani
illative
kapustaani
kapustoihini
adessive
kapustallani
kapustoillani
ablative
kapustaltani
kapustoiltani
allative
kapustalleni
kapustoilleni
essive
kapustanani
kapustoinani
translative
kapustakseni
kapustoikseni
abessive
kapustattani
kapustoittani
instructive
comitative
—kapustoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kapustasi
kapustasi
accusative
nom.
kapustasi
kapustasi
gen.
kapustasi
genitive
kapustasi
kapustoidesi kapustoittesi kapustojesi kapustaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
kapustaasi
kapustoitasi kapustojasi
inessive
kapustassasi
kapustoissasi
elative
kapustastasi
kapustoistasi
illative
kapustaasi
kapustoihisi
adessive
kapustallasi
kapustoillasi
ablative
kapustaltasi
kapustoiltasi
allative
kapustallesi
kapustoillesi
essive
kapustanasi
kapustoinasi
translative
kapustaksesi
kapustoiksesi
abessive
kapustattasi
kapustoittasi
instructive
comitative
—kapustoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kapustamme
kapustamme
accusative
nom.
kapustamme
kapustamme
gen.
kapustamme
genitive
kapustamme
kapustoidemme kapustoittemme kapustojemme kapustaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
kapustaamme
kapustoitamme kapustojamme
inessive
kapustassamme
kapustoissamme
elative
kapustastamme
kapustoistamme
illative
kapustaamme
kapustoihimme
adessive
kapustallamme
kapustoillamme
ablative
kapustaltamme
kapustoiltamme
allative
kapustallemme
kapustoillemme
essive
kapustanamme
kapustoinamme
translative
kapustaksemme
kapustoiksemme
abessive
kapustattamme
kapustoittamme
instructive
comitative
—kapustoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kapustanne
kapustanne
accusative
nom.
kapustanne
kapustanne
gen.
kapustanne
genitive
kapustanne
kapustoidenne kapustoittenne kapustojenne kapustainne $^{rare}$
partitive
kapustaanne
kapustoitanne kapustojanne
inessive
kapustassanne
kapustoissanne
elative
kapustastanne
kapustoistanne
illative
kapustaanne
kapustoihinne
adessive
kapustallanne
kapustoillanne
ablative
kapustaltanne
kapustoiltanne
allative
kapustallenne
kapustoillenne
essive
kapustananne
kapustoinanne
translative
kapustaksenne
kapustoiksenne
abessive
kapustattanne
kapustoittanne
instructive
comitative
—kapustoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kapustansa
kapustansa
accusative
nom.
kapustansa
kapustansa
gen.
kapustansa
genitive
kapustansa
kapustoidensa kapustoittensa kapustojensa kapustainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
kapustaansa
kapustoitaan kapustojaan kapustoitansa kapustojansa
inessive
kapustassaan kapustassansa
kapustoissaan kapustoissansa
elative
kapustastaan kapustastansa
kapustoistaan kapustoistansa
illative
kapustaansa
kapustoihinsa
adessive
kapustallaan kapustallansa
kapustoillaan kapustoillansa
ablative
kapustaltaan kapustaltansa
kapustoiltaan kapustoiltansa
allative
kapustalleen kapustallensa
kapustoilleen kapustoillensa
essive
kapustanaan kapustanansa
kapustoinaan kapustoinansa
translative
kapustakseen kapustaksensa
kapustoikseen kapustoiksensa
abessive
kapustattaan kapustattansa
kapustoittaan kapustoittansa
instructive
comitative
—kapustoineen kapustoinensa :

#### Derived terms

* kapustahaikara
* kapustarinta

#### Descendants

* → Karelian:
** North Karelian: kapusta
** South Karelian: kapusta

### Further reading

* “kapusta”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* pakastu, paksuta, pusakat

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian капуста (kapusta).

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈkɑpustɑ/, [ˈkɑpus̠t]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈkɑpustɑ/, [ˈkɑb̥uʃtɑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑpust, -ɑpustɑ
* Hyphenation: ka‧pus‧ta

### Noun

kapusta
* cabbage (any of various cultivars)
** 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 39:Kapussan, lantut, porkkanat.Cabbage, turnips, carrots.

#### Synonyms

* (dialectal) kaali

#### Derived terms

* diikkoi kapusta
* jäniksenkapusta
* kapussantaimi
* keräkapusta
* kukkakapusta
* nagriskapusta

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 119

## Karelian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑpustɑ/
* Hyphenation: ka‧pus‧ta

### Etymology 1

Regional variants of kapusta :
| North Karelian (Viena) | kapusta |
| South Karelian (Tver) | kapusta |
Borrowed from Russian капуста (kapusta).

#### Noun

kapusta (genitive kapustan, partitive kapustua)
* (South Karelian or dialectal) cabbage

##### Synonyms

* (North Karelian) kuali, (South Karelian, dialectal) kuali

### Etymology 2

Regional variants of kapusta :
| North Karelian (Viena) | kapusta |
| South Karelian (Tver) | kapusta |
Borrowed from Finnish kapusta.

#### Noun

kapusta (genitive kapustan, partitive kapustua)
* ladle (deep-bowled spoon)

##### Synonyms

* (North Karelian) kauha, (South Karelian) pavarča

### References

* A. V. Punzhina (1994) “kapusta”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
* Pertti Virtaranta, Raija Koponen (2009) “kapusta”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja‎, Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN
* P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “поварёшка”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

## Polish
### Etymology

An old Romance borrowing, probably formed from a contamination of Medieval Latin composita and caputium. Compare Belarusian капу́ста (kapústa), Kashubian kapùsta, Russian капу́ста (kapústa), Silesian kapusta, Slovak kapusta, Ukrainian капу́ста (kapústa), Serbo-Croatian kupus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈpus.ta/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Rhymes: -usta
* Syllabification: ka‧pus‧ta
* Homophone: Kapusta

### Noun

kapusta f (diminutive kapustka, augmentative kapucha or kapuścisko, related adjective kapuściany or kapustny)
* cabbage (plant)
* cabbage (leaves of this plant eaten as a vegetable)
* (slang) cabbage (cash, money)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:pieniądze

#### Derived terms

* kapustnica
* kapustnik
* kapuścianka
* kapuścina
* kapuśniak
* kapuśnisko

#### Related terms

* kapuśniaczek

#### Descendants

* → English: kapusta
* → Yiddish: קאַפּוסטע (kapuste)

### Noun

kapusta m pers or f
* (colloquial, derogatory) cabbage (person with severely reduced mental capacities due to brain damage)
* (slang) informant, snitch (one who relays confidential information)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* kapusta in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kapusta in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkapusta]

### Noun

kapusta f (relational adjective kapustový or kapustný, diminutive kapustička)
* cabbage

#### Derived terms

* kapustnica
* kyslá kapusta

#### Descendants

* → English: kapusta

### Further reading

* “kapusta”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025