# πέτρα
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* πέτρη (pétrē) — Epic, Ionic

### Etymology

Unknown. In the absence of an explanation, Beekes prefers a Pre-Greek borrowing, noting that Meier-Brügger's derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *per-trom (“instrument for getting through”) (from *per- (“to go through, fare”) +‎ *-trom (“instrument suffix”)) is semantically implausible. Not related to Hindi पत्थर (patthar, “stone”), which is composed of Indo-European elements.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pé.traː/ → /ˈpe.tra/ → /ˈpe.tra/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pé.traː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈpe.tra/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈpe.tra/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈpe.tra/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈpe.tra/

### Noun

πέτρᾱ • (pétrā) f (genitive πέτρᾱς); first declension
* rock formation: cliff, ledge, cave, ridge
* stone (as a building material)

#### Derived terms

* ἐπίπετρον (epípetron)
* πετράεις (petráeis)
* πετραία (petraía)
* Πετραίη (Petraíē)
* πετραῖον (petraîon)
* πετραῖος (petraîos)
* πετράκης (petrákēs)
* πετρηγενής (petrēgenḗs)
* πετρηδόν (petrēdón)
* πετρήεις (petrḗeis)
* πετρηρεφής (petrērephḗs)
* πετρήρης (petrḗrēs)
* πετρίδιον (petrídion)
* πετρίνη (petrínē)
* πέτρινος (pétrinos)
* πέτριον (pétrion)
* πετρίς (petrís)
* πετρώδης (petrṓdēs)
* πετρώεις (petrṓeis)
* πέτρωμα (pétrōma)
* πετρών (petrṓn)
* πετρώνιον (petrṓnion)
* ὑπόπετρος (hupópetros)

#### Related terms

* πέτρος (pétros)

#### Descendants

* Greek: πέτρα (pétra)
* Mariupol Greek: пе́тра (pjétra)
* → Latin: petra (see there for further descendants)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πέτρᾱ, -η”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1182

### Further reading

* “πέτρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πέτρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* πέτρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* “πέτρα”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G4073 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. boulder idem, page 90.cliff idem, page 137.corycian cave idem, page 176.rock idem, page 719.

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra).
Cognate with Mariupol Greek пе́тра (pjétra).

### Noun

πέτρα • (pétra) f (plural πέτρες)
* rock, stone (mass or fragments)
* (figuratively) rock (something hard and stable)
* (nautical) rock (rocky hazard)

#### Synonyms

* (rock): λίθος m (líthos, “stone”)
* (rock): βράχος m (vráchos, “stone”)

#### Related terms

* πέτρωμα n (pétroma, “rock”)
* πέτρινος (pétrinos, “rock”)
* οποία πέτρα κι αν σηκώσεις, τον βρίσκεις από κάτω (opoía pétra ki an sikóseis, ton vrískeis apó káto, “of people who are ubiquitous”) (literally: "whichever stone you pick up, you find him underneath")

#### Further reading

* πέτρα on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
* πέτρα, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language