# gabha
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* gobha (superseded)

### Etymology

From Old Irish gobae (“smith”).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ɡəu/, /ɡou/
* (Connacht) IPA: (Galway) /ɡau/, (Mayo) /ˈɡəuə/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ɡoː/

### Noun

gabha m (genitive singular gabha or gabhann, nominative plural gaibhne)
* smith (craftsperson who works with metal)

#### Declension

Fourth-declension forms:
bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
gabha
gaibhne
vocative
a ghabha
a ghaibhne
genitive
gabha
gaibhne
dative
gabha
gaibhne
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an gabha
na gaibhne
genitive
an ghabha
na ngaibhne
dative
leis an ngabha don ghabha
leis na gaibhne :
Fifth-declension forms:
bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
gabha
gaibhne
vocative
a ghabha
a ghaibhne
genitive
gabhann
gabhann
dative
gabha gabhainn (archaic, dialectal)
gaibhne
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an gabha
na gaibhne
genitive
an ghabhann
na ngabhann
dative
leis an ngabha leis an ngabhainn (archaic, dialectal) don ghabha don ghabhainn (archaic, dialectal)
leis na gaibhne :

#### Derived terms

* gabha buí (“goldsmith”)
* gabha copair (“coppersmith”)
* gabha dubh (“blacksmith; dipper, water ouzel”)
* gabha geal (“silversmith, whitesmith”)
* gabha iarainn (“iron forger”)
* gabha óir (“goldsmith”)
* gabha stáin (“tinsmith”)
* gabha uisce (“dipper, water ouzel”)
* giolla gabha (“smith's helper”)
* Mac Gabhann (“McGowan, Gowan”)
* neas gabhann (“smith's (clay) furnace”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gobae”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Breatnach, Risteard B. (1947) The Irish of Ring, Co. Waterford: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 121, page 24
* ↑ Ó Cuív, Brian (1968) The Irish of West Muskerry, Co. Cork: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 101, page 29; reprinted 1988
* ↑ Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000) Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, section 15, page 24
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 121
* ↑ de Búrca, Seán (1958) The Irish of Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 456, page 126
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 98, page 39

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gabha”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-gabha$^?$
* (intransitive) to vomit
    Synonym: -hlanza

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Verb

-gabha
* to vomit

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukugabha |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukugabha | ukungagabhi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | gabha | -gabhe |
| Plural | gabhani | -gabheni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyagabha, ngigabha | engigabhayo, engigabha | ngigabha | angigabhi | engingagabhi | ngingagabhi |
| 2nd singular | uyagabha, ugabha | ogabhayo, ogabha | ugabha | awugabhi | ongagabhi | ungagabhi |
| 1st plural | siyagabha, sigabha | esigabhayo, esigabha | sigabha | asigabhi | esingagabhi | singagabhi |
| 2nd plural | niyagabha, nigabha | enigabhayo, enigabha | nigabha | anigabhi | eningagabhi | ningagabhi |
| Class 1 | uyagabha, ugabha | ogabhayo, ogabha | egabha | akagabhi | ongagabhi | engagabhi |
| Class 2 | bayagabha, bagabha | abagabhayo, abagabha | begabha | abagabhi | abangagabhi | bengagabhi |
| Class 3 | uyagabha, ugabha | ogabhayo, ogabha | ugabha | awugabhi | ongagabhi | ungagabhi |
| Class 4 | iyagabha, igabha | egabhayo, egabha | igabha | ayigabhi | engagabhi | ingagabhi |
| Class 5 | liyagabha, ligabha | eligabhayo, eligabha | ligabha | aligabhi | elingagabhi | lingagabhi |
| Class 6 | ayagabha, agabha | agabhayo, agabha | egabha | awagabhi | angagabhi | engagabhi |
| Class 7 | siyagabha, sigabha | esigabhayo, esigabha | sigabha | asigabhi | esingagabhi | singagabhi |
| Class 8 | ziyagabha, zigabha | ezigabhayo, ezigabha | zigabha | azigabhi | ezingagabhi | zingagabhi |
| Class 9 | iyagabha, igabha | egabhayo, egabha | igabha | ayigabhi | engagabhi | ingagabhi |
| Class 10 | ziyagabha, zigabha | ezigabhayo, ezigabha | zigabha | azigabhi | ezingagabhi | zingagabhi |
| Class 11 | luyagabha, lugabha | olugabhayo, olugabha | lugabha | alugabhi | olungagabhi | lungagabhi |
| Class 14 | buyagabha, bugabha | obugabhayo, obugabha | bugabha | abugabhi | obungagabhi | bungagabhi |
| Class 15 | kuyagabha, kugabha | okugabhayo, okugabha | kugabha | akugabhi | okungagabhi | kungagabhi |
| Class 17 | kuyagabha, kugabha | okugabhayo, okugabha | kugabha | akugabhi | okungagabhi | kungagabhi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngigabhile, ngigabhē | engigabhile, engigabhē | ngigabhile, ngigabhē | angigabhanga | engingagabhanga | ngingagabhanga |
| 2nd singular | ugabhile, ugabhē | ogabhile, ogabhē | ugabhile, ugabhē | awugabhanga | ongagabhanga | ungagabhanga |
| 1st plural | sigabhile, sigabhē | esigabhile, esigabhē | sigabhile, sigabhē | asigabhanga | esingagabhanga | singagabhanga |
| 2nd plural | nigabhile, nigabhē | enigabhile, enigabhē | nigabhile, nigabhē | anigabhanga | eningagabhanga | ningagabhanga |
| Class 1 | ugabhile, ugabhē | ogabhile, ogabhē | egabhile, egabhē | akagabhanga | ongagabhanga | engagabhanga |
| Class 2 | bagabhile, bagabhē | abagabhile, abagabhē | begabhile, begabhē | abagabhanga | abangagabhanga | bengagabhanga |
| Class 3 | ugabhile, ugabhē | ogabhile, ogabhē | ugabhile, ugabhē | awugabhanga | ongagabhanga | ungagabhanga |
| Class 4 | igabhile, igabhē | egabhile, egabhē | igabhile, igabhē | ayigabhanga | engagabhanga | ingagabhanga |
| Class 5 | ligabhile, ligabhē | eligabhile, eligabhē | ligabhile, ligabhē | aligabhanga | elingagabhanga | lingagabhanga |
| Class 6 | agabhile, agabhē | agabhile, agabhē | egabhile, egabhē | awagabhanga | angagabhanga | engagabhanga |
| Class 7 | sigabhile, sigabhē | esigabhile, esigabhē | sigabhile, sigabhē | asigabhanga | esingagabhanga | singagabhanga |
| Class 8 | zigabhile, zigabhē | ezigabhile, ezigabhē | zigabhile, zigabhē | azigabhanga | ezingagabhanga | zingagabhanga |
| Class 9 | igabhile, igabhē | egabhile, egabhē | igabhile, igabhē | ayigabhanga | engagabhanga | ingagabhanga |
| Class 10 | zigabhile, zigabhē | ezigabhile, ezigabhē | zigabhile, zigabhē | azigabhanga | ezingagabhanga | zingagabhanga |
| Class 11 | lugabhile, lugabhē | olugabhile, olugabhē | lugabhile, lugabhē | alugabhanga | olungagabhanga | lungagabhanga |
| Class 14 | bugabhile, bugabhē | obugabhile, obugabhē | bugabhile, bugabhē | abugabhanga | obungagabhanga | bungagabhanga |
| Class 15 | kugabhile, kugabhē | okugabhile, okugabhē | kugabhile, kugabhē | akugabhanga | okungagabhanga | kungagabhanga |
| Class 17 | kugabhile, kugabhē | okugabhile, okugabhē | kugabhile, kugabhē | akugabhanga | okungagabhanga | kungagabhanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāgabha | engāgabha | ngāgabha | angigabhanga | engingagabhanga | ngingagabhanga |
| 2nd singular | wāgabha | owāgabha | wāgabha | awugabhanga | ongagabhanga | ungagabhanga |
| 1st plural | sāgabha | esāgabha | sāgabha | asigabhanga | esingagabhanga | singagabhanga |
| 2nd plural | nāgabha | enāgabha | nāgabha | anigabhanga | eningagabhanga | ningagabhanga |
| Class 1 | wāgabha | owāgabha | āgabha | akagabhanga | ongagabhanga | engagabhanga |
| Class 2 | bāgabha | abāgabha | bāgabha | abagabhanga | abangagabhanga | bengagabhanga |
| Class 3 | wāgabha | owāgabha | wāgabha | awugabhanga | ongagabhanga | ungagabhanga |
| Class 4 | yāgabha | eyāgabha | yāgabha | ayigabhanga | engagabhanga | ingagabhanga |
| Class 5 | lāgabha | elāgabha | lāgabha | aligabhanga | elingagabhanga | lingagabhanga |
| Class 6 | āgabha | āgabha | āgabha | awagabhanga | angagabhanga | engagabhanga |
| Class 7 | sāgabha | esāgabha | sāgabha | asigabhanga | esingagabhanga | singagabhanga |
| Class 8 | zāgabha | ezāgabha | zāgabha | azigabhanga | ezingagabhanga | zingagabhanga |
| Class 9 | yāgabha | eyāgabha | yāgabha | ayigabhanga | engagabhanga | ingagabhanga |
| Class 10 | zāgabha | ezāgabha | zāgabha | azigabhanga | ezingagabhanga | zingagabhanga |
| Class 11 | lwāgabha | olwāgabha | lwāgabha | alugabhanga | olungagabhanga | lungagabhanga |
| Class 14 | bāgabha | obāgabha | bāgabha | abugabhanga | obungagabhanga | bungagabhanga |
| Class 15 | kwāgabha | okwāgabha | kwāgabha | akugabhanga | okungagabhanga | kungagabhanga |
| Class 17 | kwāgabha | okwāgabha | kwāgabha | akugabhanga | okungagabhanga | kungagabhanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingagabha | — | ngingagabha | ngingegabhe | — | ngingegabhe |
| 2nd singular | ungagabha | — | ungagabha | ungegabhe | — | ungegabhe |
| 1st plural | singagabha | — | singagabha | singegabhe | — | singegabhe |
| 2nd plural | ningagabha | — | ningagabha | ningegabhe | — | ningegabhe |
| Class 1 | angagabha | — | engagabha | angegabhe | — | engegabhe |
| Class 2 | bangagabha | — | bengagabha | bangegabhe | — | bengegabhe |
| Class 3 | ungagabha | — | ungagabha | ungegabhe | — | ungegabhe |
| Class 4 | ingagabha | — | ingagabha | ingegabhe | — | ingegabhe |
| Class 5 | lingagabha | — | lingagabha | lingegabhe | — | lingegabhe |
| Class 6 | angagabha | — | engagabha | angegabhe | — | engegabhe |
| Class 7 | singagabha | — | singagabha | singegabhe | — | singegabhe |
| Class 8 | zingagabha | — | zingagabha | zingegabhe | — | zingegabhe |
| Class 9 | ingagabha | — | ingagabha | ingegabhe | — | ingegabhe |
| Class 10 | zingagabha | — | zingagabha | zingegabhe | — | zingegabhe |
| Class 11 | lungagabha | — | lungagabha | lungegabhe | — | lungegabhe |
| Class 14 | bungagabha | — | bungagabha | bungegabhe | — | bungegabhe |
| Class 15 | kungagabha | — | kungagabha | kungegabhe | — | kungegabhe |
| Class 17 | kungagabha | — | kungagabha | kungegabhe | — | kungegabhe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizogabha | engizogabha | ngizogabha | angizugabha | engingezugabha | ngingezugabha |
| 2nd singular | uzogabha | ozogabha | uzogabha | awuzugabha | ongezugabha | ungezugabha |
| 1st plural | sizogabha | esizogabha | sizogabha | asizugabha | esingezugabha | singezugabha |
| 2nd plural | nizogabha | enizogabha | nizogabha | anizugabha | eningezugabha | ningezugabha |
| Class 1 | uzogabha | ozogabha | ezogabha | akazugabha | ongezugabha | engezugabha |
| Class 2 | bazogabha | abazogabha | bezogabha | abazugabha | abangezugabha | bengezugabha |
| Class 3 | uzogabha | ozogabha | uzogabha | awuzugabha | ongezugabha | ungezugabha |
| Class 4 | izogabha | ezogabha | izogabha | ayizugabha | engezugabha | ingezugabha |
| Class 5 | lizogabha | elizogabha | lizogabha | alizugabha | elingezugabha | lingezugabha |
| Class 6 | azogabha | azogabha | ezogabha | awazugabha | angezugabha | engezugabha |
| Class 7 | sizogabha | esizogabha | sizogabha | asizugabha | esingezugabha | singezugabha |
| Class 8 | zizogabha | ezizogabha | zizogabha | azizugabha | ezingezugabha | zingezugabha |
| Class 9 | izogabha | ezogabha | izogabha | ayizugabha | engezugabha | ingezugabha |
| Class 10 | zizogabha | ezizogabha | zizogabha | azizugabha | ezingezugabha | zingezugabha |
| Class 11 | luzogabha | oluzogabha | luzogabha | aluzugabha | olungezugabha | lungezugabha |
| Class 14 | buzogabha | obuzogabha | buzogabha | abuzugabha | obungezugabha | bungezugabha |
| Class 15 | kuzogabha | okuzogabha | kuzogabha | akuzugabha | okungezugabha | kungezugabha |
| Class 17 | kuzogabha | okuzogabha | kuzogabha | akuzugabha | okungezugabha | kungezugabha |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyogabha | engiyogabha | ngiyogabha | angiyugabha | engingeyugabha | ngingeyugabha |
| 2nd singular | uyogabha | oyogabha | uyogabha | awuyugabha | ongeyugabha | ungeyugabha |
| 1st plural | siyogabha | esiyogabha | siyogabha | asiyugabha | esingeyugabha | singeyugabha |
| 2nd plural | niyogabha | eniyogabha | niyogabha | aniyugabha | eningeyugabha | ningeyugabha |
| Class 1 | uyogabha | oyogabha | eyogabha | akayugabha | ongeyugabha | engeyugabha |
| Class 2 | bayogabha | abayogabha | beyogabha | abayugabha | abangeyugabha | bengeyugabha |
| Class 3 | uyogabha | oyogabha | uyogabha | awuyugabha | ongeyugabha | ungeyugabha |
| Class 4 | iyogabha | eyogabha | iyogabha | ayiyugabha | engeyugabha | ingeyugabha |
| Class 5 | liyogabha | eliyogabha | liyogabha | aliyugabha | elingeyugabha | lingeyugabha |
| Class 6 | ayogabha | ayogabha | eyogabha | awayugabha | angeyugabha | engeyugabha |
| Class 7 | siyogabha | esiyogabha | siyogabha | asiyugabha | esingeyugabha | singeyugabha |
| Class 8 | ziyogabha | eziyogabha | ziyogabha | aziyugabha | ezingeyugabha | zingeyugabha |
| Class 9 | iyogabha | eyogabha | iyogabha | ayiyugabha | engeyugabha | ingeyugabha |
| Class 10 | ziyogabha | eziyogabha | ziyogabha | aziyugabha | ezingeyugabha | zingeyugabha |
| Class 11 | luyogabha | oluyogabha | luyogabha | aluyugabha | olungeyugabha | lungeyugabha |
| Class 14 | buyogabha | obuyogabha | buyogabha | abuyugabha | obungeyugabha | bungeyugabha |
| Class 15 | kuyogabha | okuyogabha | kuyogabha | akuyugabha | okungeyugabha | kungeyugabha |
| Class 17 | kuyogabha | okuyogabha | kuyogabha | akuyugabha | okungeyugabha | kungeyugabha |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngigabhe | ngingagabhi |
| 2nd singular | ugabhe | ungagabhi |
| 1st plural | sigabhe | singagabhi |
| 2nd plural | nigabhe | ningagabhi |
| Class 1 | agabhe | angagabhi |
| Class 2 | bagabhe | bangagabhi |
| Class 3 | ugabhe | ungagabhi |
| Class 4 | igabhe | ingagabhi |
| Class 5 | ligabhe | lingagabhi |
| Class 6 | agabhe | angagabhi |
| Class 7 | sigabhe | singagabhi |
| Class 8 | zigabhe | zingagabhi |
| Class 9 | igabhe | ingagabhi |
| Class 10 | zigabhe | zingagabhi |
| Class 11 | lugabhe | lungagabhi |
| Class 14 | bugabhe | bungagabhi |
| Class 15 | kugabhe | kungagabhi |
| Class 17 | kugabhe | kungagabhi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngagabha | ngangagabha, angagabha, angangagabha |
| 2nd singular | wagabha | wangagabha, awagabha, awangagabha |
| 1st plural | sagabha | sangagabha, asagabha, asangagabha |
| 2nd plural | nagabha | nangagabha, anagabha, anangagabha |
| Class 1 | wagabha | wangagabha, akagabha, akangagabha |
| Class 2 | bagabha | bangagabha, abagabha, abangagabha |
| Class 3 | wagabha | wangagabha, awagabha, awangagabha |
| Class 4 | yagabha | yangagabha, ayagabha, ayangagabha |
| Class 5 | lagabha | langagabha, alagabha, alangagabha |
| Class 6 | agabha | angagabha, awagabha, awangagabha |
| Class 7 | sagabha | sangagabha, asagabha, asangagabha |
| Class 8 | zagabha | zangagabha, azagabha, azangagabha |
| Class 9 | yagabha | yangagabha, ayagabha, ayangagabha |
| Class 10 | zagabha | zangagabha, azagabha, azangagabha |
| Class 11 | lwagabha | lwangagabha, alwagabha, alwangagabha |
| Class 14 | bagabha | bangagabha, abagabha, abangagabha |
| Class 15 | kwagabha | kwangagabha, akwagabha, akwangagabha |
| Class 17 | kwagabha | kwangagabha, akwagabha, akwangagabha |