# 徙

| 徙 | U+5F99, &#24473; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F99 |
| ← 徘 [U+5F98] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 徚 → [U+5F9A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

徙 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹人卜中人 (HOYLO), four-corner 2128$_1$, composition ⿰彳歨)

#### Derived characters

* 嘥, 𢒩, 𢟎, 𢳜, 漇, 𨔀, 𣘩, 𣯪, 𥊂, 𥛨, 褷, 縰, 𫄳, 蹝, 𩌦, 蓰, 簁, 𦹼, 屣, 𢊚, 㿅, 𢇌, 𫆎

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 368, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10142
* Dae Jaweon: page 692, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 827, character 12
* Unihan data for U+5F99

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 徙
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 簁 | *sreːl, *srel, *srelʔ |
| 徙 | *selʔ |
| 褷 | *srel |
| 屣 | *srelʔ, *srels |
| 縰 | *srelʔ |
| 蓰 | *srelʔ |
During the Zhou dynasty, 徙 was represented with the phonetic borrowing 屎 (OC *hliʔ, *hri, “excrement”), with the components 辵 and 止 later being added to differentiate the character used to represent "migration". During the Warring States period, the earlier forms of 屎 consisting of 小 or 少 components (as seen in and ) had these portions transform into 米, however 徙 continued to retain the 少 form. The Chu script form of 屎 corrupted into a form with the 尸 ("body") component becoming 尾 ("tail"), while the Qin script form of 徙 omitted the 尸 component of 屎 and left only 少 remaining. Li Shoukui (2015) however argues that the Chu script ⿸尾少 may not actually be cognate to ⿸尸少 (and ergo 屎). The clerical script form inherited the Qin script form, however had the 少 component mutate into another 止, which coincidentally resulted in the clerical form matching the same character structure as 歨 (the Shang dynasty form of 步) with an additional 彳 component.
Shuowen Jiezi erroneously takes this mutated clerical script form of 徙 with two 止 components, and claims that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *selʔ) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). It also omits one of the 止 components to create an alternative form 𢓊, however no such character exists in ancient writing (although coincidentally it has a similar shape to the Shang and Zhou 延). Hu Houxuan (1981) states that the "ancient script" form of 徙 in Shuowen, 𡲴, comes from a corruption of the variant form featuring 尾 in place of 尸, but with the tail portion misrepresented as 火. For this reason, the "ancient script" forms of 徙 provided in Shuowen are extremely corrupted.
Li Jiahao (2010) notes that the ancient form of 屎, namely ⿸尸少, may potentially suggest that 徙 is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *selʔ) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + abbreviated phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xǐ (xi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saai$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sái
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sai$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sā̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sóa / sú / sí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sua$^2$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): sua$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$shi / $^3$si / $^1$si / $^3$shi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sǐ
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^3$
*** Yale: syǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shii
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saai$^2$
*** Yale: sáai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saai$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːi̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sái
*** Hakka Romanization System: sai$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /sai̯³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /saɪ³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sā̤
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sóa
*** Tâi-lô: suá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soar
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /sua⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sua⁵³/
*** IPA (Singapore): /sua⁴²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sua⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sú
*** Tâi-lô: sú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /su⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /su⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sí
*** Tâi-lô: sí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sie
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁵³/
* sú/sí - literary;
* sóa - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit徙 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕi²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕi⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /si⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /si⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕji⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕi⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕi⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /si²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /sz̩²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕi³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /si⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /sz̩³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /si³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /si⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /si⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sai³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /sɑi³¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sai³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ɬɐi³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /sai³⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /su⁵³/ /sua⁵³/ ～動 |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sɛ³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /si²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sua⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /tua²¹³/ |
* Middle Chinese: sjeX
Rime :
| Character | 徙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 斯氏切 |
| Baxter | sjeX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siᴇ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɛ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjɛ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /siə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /sie$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /sǐe$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /sie̯$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ajʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*selʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 徙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sje$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]ajʔ/ |
| English | move (to) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 徙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13400 |
| Phonetic component | 徙 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 徙 |
| Old Chinese | /*selʔ/ |

### Definitions

徙
* to move one's abode; to shift; to migrate; to relocate
* to substitute; to transplant; to swap
* (Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew) to move (an object)

### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 移, 挪, 移動, 挪動 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 移, 挪 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 移 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 移, 喐, 褪 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 移, 喐, 褪 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 移 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 移 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 徙, 移 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 徙 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 徙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 徙 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 徙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 徙 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 徙 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 徙 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 徙 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 徙 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 徙 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 徙 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 徙 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 徙 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 徙 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 徙 |

### Compounds

* 季節遷徙 / 季节迁徙
* 徙倚
* 徙宅忘妻
* 徙居 (xǐjū)
* 徙木之信
* 徙木立信
* 徙癰 / 徙痈
* 徙貫 / 徙贯
* 徙邊 / 徙边
* 曲突徙薪 (qūtūxǐxīn)
* 未焚徙薪
* 東徙西遷 / 东徙西迁
* 枉突徙薪
* 東遷西徙 / 东迁西徙
* 流徙 (liúxǐ)
* 移天徙日
* 移徙 (yíxǐ)
* 轉徙 / 转徙 (zhuǎnxǐ)
* 退徙三舍
* 遷徙 / 迁徙 (qiānxǐ)
* 遷徙自由 / 迁徙自由

### References

* “徙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01292
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Li Shoukui (李守奎) (2015 April) ““屎”與“徙之古文”考 [On the ancient glyphs of “屎” and “徙”]”, in 出土文獻‎, volume 6, Tsinghua University, archived from the original on 11 January 2021, pages 154-162

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: し (shi)
* Kan-on: し (shi)
* Kun: うつす (utsusu, 徙す)、うつる (utsuru, 徙る)

## Korean
### Hanja

徙 • (sa) (hangeul 사)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

徙: Hán Nôm readings: si, tỉ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation