# 牝

| 牝 | U+725D, &#29277; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-725D |
| ← 牜 [U+725C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 牞 → [U+725E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

牝 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹手心 (HQP), four-corner 2151$_0$, composition ⿰牛匕)

#### Derived characters

* 𪊯, 𪀻(𬸋)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 697, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19925
* Dae Jaweon: page 1109, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1800, character 4
* Unihan data for U+725D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 牝 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 匕 | *pilʔ |
| 庀 | *pʰelʔ |
| 疕 | *pʰelʔ, *pilʔ, *pʰrilʔ |
| 朼 | *pilʔ |
| 牝 | *bilʔ, *binʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bilʔ, *binʔ) : semantic 牛 (“cattle”) + phonetic 匕 (OC *pilʔ).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pwi(y)-n (“female, mother, big, molar”) (STEDT, Schuessler (2007)). Cognate with Mizo pui (“full-grown female, mother (generally used of animals)”, suffix or particle), ha-pui (“molar”); Jingpho wi ~ yi (“female”); etc.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pìn (pin$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pan$^5$ / fan$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): bīng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ping$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pín / pīn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ping$^2$ / pêng$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pìn
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pìn
*** Wade–Giles: pʻin$^4$
*** Yale: pìn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pinn
*** Palladius: пинь (pinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰin⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pan$^5$ / fan$^5$
*** Yale: páhn / fáhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pan$^5$ / fan$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pen$^5$ / fen$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɐn¹³/, /fɐn¹³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bīng
*** Sinological IPA : /piŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ping$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰiŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pín / pīn
*** Tâi-lô: pín / pīn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pien, pin
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pin⁵³/, /pin²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pin⁵⁵⁴/, /pin⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pin⁵³/, /pin²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pin⁵³/, /pin³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pin⁴¹/, /pin³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ping$^2$ / pêng$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phíng / phéng
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰiŋ⁵²/, /pʰeŋ⁵²/
* ping2 - Chazhou, Chaoyang, Chenghai, Raoping, Shantou;
* pêng2 - Jieyang.
* Middle Chinese: bjijX, bjinX
Rime :
| Character | 牝 | 牝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 扶履切 | 毗忍切 |
| Baxter | bjijX | bjinX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /biɪ$^X$/ | /biɪn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bi$^X$/ | /bin$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bjɪ$^X$/ | /bjen$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bi$^X$/ | /bin$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /bi$^X$/ | /biĕn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /bi$^X$/ | /bĭĕn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi$^X$/ | /bʱi̯ĕn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bì | bìn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bei$^6$ | ban$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]irʔ/, /*[b]irʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*bilʔ/, /*binʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 牝 | 牝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | pìn | pìn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjij$^X$ › | ‹ bjin$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]irʔ/ (dialect: *-r > *-j) | /*[b]irʔ/ |
| English | female of animals | female of animals |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 牝 | 牝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 489 | 490 |
| Phonetic component | 匕 | 匕 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 牝 | 牝 |
| Old Chinese | /*bilʔ/ | /*binʔ/ |

### Definitions

牝
* (of an animal) female
    Synonym: 雌 (cí)
    Antonym: 牡 (mǔ)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Bǐng xīn sèyuān, láipìn sānqiān. [Pinyin]
    'Maintaining in his heart a profound devotion to his duties; his tall mares [/ female horses] amounted to three thousand.'.
    From: Shuoyuan, circa 1st century BCE
    Zài shòu zé mǔ wéi yáng ér pìn wéi yīn;....... [Pinyin]
    Among quadrupeds, male are yang and female are yin; [...].
* (literary) female genitalia
* gorge; valley
* type of keyhole in ancient times

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 牝 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 陰戶, 陰門, 女陰, 外陰, 膣 literary |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 屄 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 妹妹, 鮑魚, 鮑鮑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 屄, 屄眼兒, 屄眼子, 尿窩窩兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 屄 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 屄 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 屄, 胯子, 鴨巴子, 巴子, 屄揪, 屄心兒, 花蛤兒, 毛蛤兒, 包子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 屄, 水門 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 屄 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 屄 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 屄 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 屄, 屄心子, 海蚆子, 卷子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 屄 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 屄 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 屄 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 屄, 胯胯 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 屄, 麻屄, 胯胯 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 屄 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 𫱋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 屄, 閪, 𫱋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 屄, 尿門 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 屄 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 屄 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 屄 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 閪, 西 euphemistic |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 閪, gap, gap gap, 妹妹 euphemistic, 西 euphemistic, 蟹 euphemistic, 蝦 euphemistic |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 屄, 閪 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 閪, 屄 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 閪, 膣屄 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 膣屄 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 屄 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 閪兒 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 閪 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 閪 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 屄 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 屄 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 屄 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 膣, 膣屄, 屄, 屄仔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 屄, 閪 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 膣屄, 膣 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 閪屄 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 膣, 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 屄 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 膣 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 膣 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 膣 |
| Hakka | Changting | 膣 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 膣嫲 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 膣 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 膣 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 屄, 屄坨, 膣 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 屄, 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 屄 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 膣, 屄 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 屄子 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 屄 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 屄 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 膣屄, 螺杯仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 膣屄, 螺杯仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 膣屄, 蟯杯仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 膣屄, 蟯杯 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 膣屄, 螺杯 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 膣屄, 蟯杯, 蛤蟆仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 膣屄, 蚶杯 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 閪 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 閪 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 閪 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 閪 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 閪 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 閪 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 閪 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 膣屄, 閪 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 閪 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 閪 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 膣屄 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 膣屄 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 屄 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 屄 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 屄 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 屄, 扁雞, 咶蛋 † |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 屄, 扁雞子, 扁雞雞, 扁琉子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 屄 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 屄界 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 㞠屄 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 屄 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 屄 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 屄 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 姕髀, 姕, 舊舊, 舊舊囝 † |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 姕髀 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 姕髀, 姕 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 屄屄囝 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 姕髀 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 屄 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 老姕 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 屄 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 屄 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 屌 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 膣屄, 膣 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 膣屄, 屄 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 膣屄, 參屄, 蟯 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 膣 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 膣屄, 蛤婆 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 膣屄, 蟯 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 膣屄, 膣屄仔, 蟯 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 膣屄, 蟯 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 膣屄, 蟯杯 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 膣屄, 膣屄仔, 粉蟯 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 膣屄, 蟯仔, 蚶仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 膣屄, 田杯 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 膣屄, 蟯仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 膣屄, 水雞, 蟯仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 膣屄, 水雞, 蚶仔 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 膣屄, 蚶 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 膣屄, 蚶 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 膣屄, 蚶 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 膣屄, puki |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 閪 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 膣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 膣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 膣 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 膣, 蠔 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 膣, 膣屄 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 膣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 膣 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 膣 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 膣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 膣, 老膣 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 膣, 膣屄, 膣䫌, 老膣 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 閪 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 屄, 䐁 dated, 皮夾子 slang |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 屄 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 屄 |
| Wu | Danyang | 屄, 屄屄 † |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 屄, 凹屄 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 屄, 卵脬, 卵脬皮 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 屄, 臀卵𠩘, 瓪, 𠩘𠩘 † |
| Wu | Jinhua | 屄, 老屄 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 屄, 麻屄, 屄屄 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 屄, 麻屄, 毛板雞 humorous |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 麻屄 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 屄 |
| Note | † - of a girl | † - of a girl |

### Compounds

* 凶牝
* 天牝
* 字牝
* 晨牝
* 棧車牝馬 / 栈车牝马
* 淫牝
* 游牝
* 父子同牝
* 牝咮鳴辰 / 牝咮鸣辰
* 牝土
* 牝城
* 牝戶 / 牝户
* 牝晨
* 牝服
* 牝朝
* 牝牛 (pìnniú)
* 牝牡
* 牝牡驪黃 / 牝牡骊黄
* 牝瘧 / 牝疟
* 牝聲浪氣 / 牝声浪气
* 牝谷
* 牝銅 / 牝铜
* 牝雞 / 牝鸡 (pìnjī)
* 牝雞司旦 / 牝鸡司旦
* 牝雞司晨 / 牝鸡司晨 (pìnjīsīchén)
* 牝雞晨鳴 / 牝鸡晨鸣
* 牝雞無晨 / 牝鸡无晨
* 牝雞牡鳴 / 牝鸡牡鸣
* 牝馬 / 牝马 (pìnmǎ)
* 牝騏 / 牝骐
* 牡牝
* 牸牝
* 玄牝
* 虛牝 / 虚牝
* 谷牝
* 鉤牝 / 钩牝
* 騋牝 / 𱅕牝
* 驪牝 / 骊牝
* 驪黃牝牡 / 骊黄牝牡
* 髡牝

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02488
* “牝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “牝”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 177.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* female (of an animal)
* female genitalia
* gorge, hole, hollow

#### Readings

* Go-on: びん (bin)
* Kan-on: ひん (hin)
* Kun: め (me)、めす (mesu)

## Korean
### Hanja

牝 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

牝: Hán Nôm readings: tẫn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.