# bruma
## French
### Verb

bruma
* third-person singular past historic of brumer

### Anagrams

* rumba

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From brum (“bud”) +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈprʏːma/
* Rhymes: -ʏːma

### Verb

bruma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative brumaði, supine brumað)
* (intransitive, botany) to bud

#### Conjugation
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbru.ma/
* Rhymes: -uma
* Hyphenation: brù‧ma

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin brūma.

#### Noun

bruma f (plural brume)
* mist, haze

##### Related terms

* brumale
* brumaio

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βρῶμα (brôma). Cf. Spanish broma.

#### Noun

bruma f (plural brume)
* shipworm

### Further reading

* bruma1 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
* bruma2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* rumba, umbra

## Latin
### Etymology

Doublet of brevissima (“shortest”), superlative form of brevis (“short”), without reformation of the superlative ending; parallel e.g. to extrēmus (see -issimus for more). The winter solstice is the shortest day of the year.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈbruː.ma/, [ˈbruːmä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈbru.ma/, [ˈbruːmä]

### Noun

brūma f (genitive brūmae); first declension
* the winter solstice
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.163:Brūma novī prīma est veterisque novissima sōlis.The winter solstice is the first day of the new sun, and the last of the old
* (by extension) winter, winter cold

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* brūmālis
* brūmāria
* brūmōsus (Late Latin)

#### Descendants

* Eastern Romance:
** Aromanian: brumã
** Romanian: brumă
* Old Occitan: bruma
** Catalan: broma
** Occitan: bruma
* Old Galician-Portuguese:
** Portuguese: bruma
* Old Spanish:
** Spanish: bruma
* → Albanian: brymë
* → Old French: brume
** French: brume
*** → English: brume
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: brūmārius (“November”)
** Eastern Romance:
*** Aromanian: brumar
*** Romanian: brumar
** Old French:
*** French: Brumaire
** Rhaeto-Romance:
*** Friulian: brumâr
** → Albanian: brymës

### References

* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76
* “bruma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “bruma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* bruma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* bruma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Occitan
### Etymology

From Old Occitan bruma, from Latin bruma (“winter solstice, winter”). Cognate with French brume.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

bruma f (plural brumas)
* (Gascony, Languedoc, Limousin, Vivaro-alpine) fog

#### Derived terms

* brumós
* brumada
* brumor
* brumèra
* brumèc
* brumatge

#### Dialectal variants

* broma (Gascon)

#### Synonyms

* nèbla (Languedoc, Provençal)
* tuba (Languedoc)
* braulhard (Limousin)
* fum (Limousin, Languedoc)

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese bruma, from Latin brūma.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɾũ.mɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɾũ.mɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɾu.ma/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈbɾu.mɐ/
* Hyphenation: bru‧ma

### Noun

bruma f (plural brumas)
* mist (water or other liquid finely suspended in air)
    Synonyms: cerração, nevoeiro, névoa, neblina

#### Related terms

* brumaceiro
* brumal
* brumoso

## Romanian
### Etymology

From brumă +‎ -a.

### Verb

a bruma (third-person singular present brumează, past participle brumat) 1st conjugation
* (impersonal) to have frost form
* to form frost, become covered in hoarfrost, rime

#### Conjugation
## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin brūma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɾuma/ [ˈbɾu.ma]
* Rhymes: -uma
* Syllabification: bru‧ma

### Noun

bruma f (plural brumas)
* haze, especially costal fog or haar
* (archaic) winter
    Synonym: invierno

#### Derived terms

* abrumar

### Further reading

* “bruma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10