# wagen
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋaːɣə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: wa‧gen
* Rhymes: -aːɣən

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch wāgen, from Old Dutch wagan, from Proto-West Germanic *wagn, from Proto-Germanic *wagnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *woǵʰnos, from *weǵʰ-. Doublet of wagon.

#### Noun

wagen m (plural wagens, diminutive wagentje n)
* a wagon, carriage
    Synonyms: kar, wagon
* (mainly the diminutive) a cart
    Synonym: kar
* an automobile, car, van
    Synonyms: auto, automobiel, kar
* a sled, moving platform on wheels or rails a heavy machine etc. is mounted on
* (metonymically) a load filling one of the above vehicles
    Synonym: wagenlading

##### Derived terms

* benenwagen
* wagenmaken
* wagenpark
* wagenstad
* wagenwijd
* wagenziekte
- vehicle types
* aanhangwagen
* bedrijfswagen
* beerwagen
* bestelwagen
* dienstwagen
* goederenwagen
* hooiwagen
* huurwagen
* ijscowagen
* kinderwagen
* lastwagen
* lijkwagen
* personenwagen
* politiewagen
* praalwagen
* racewagen
* salariswagen
* strijdwagen
* takelwagen
* terreinwagen
* vechtwagen
* verhuiswagen
* vervangwagen
* vluchtwagen
* volgwagen
* vrachtwagen
* winkelwagen
* ziekenwagen
* zijspanwagen

##### Related terms

* wagon

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: wa
* Jersey Dutch: wâxe
* → Lokono: wagen
* → Sranan Tongo: wagi
** → Aukan: wagi
** → Dutch: waggie
** → Caribbean Javanese: wagé
** → Saramaccan: wági

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch wâgen. Equivalent to waag (“weighing scales”) +‎ -en.

#### Verb

wagen
* (intransitive) to venture, take risks
* (transitive) to dare, presume
* (transitive) to risk, to jeopardize

##### Synonyms

* durven
* riskeren

##### Derived terms

* waaghals
* waagstuk
* wie niet waagt, die niet wint

### Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch wāgen, from Old Dutch *wagon, from Proto-West Germanic *wagōn, from Proto-Germanic *wagōną.

#### Verb

wagen
* (transitive) to move
* (intransitive) to be moved, literally or figuratively in many senses

##### Derived terms

* wagebaard
* waagboom

##### Related terms

* gewagen

### Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

wagen
* plural of waag

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German wāgen, from Old High German wāga (“scales, balance; weight”), in the sense of to venture on a new object's weight. More at Waage.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvaːɡən/, [ˈvaːɡŋ̩]
* Audio (Austria):(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aːɡn̩
* Homophones: vagen, Waagen, Wagen
* Hyphenation: wa‧gen

### Verb

wagen (weak, third-person singular present wagt, past tense wagte, past participle gewagt, auxiliary haben)
* to dare (to do something)
* (reflexive) to venture (go despite any danger)
* to risk, jeopardize

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* Wagen
* Wager

### Further reading

* “wagen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “wagen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “wagen” in Duden online
* “wagen” in OpenThesaurus.de

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology 1

From Old Dutch *wagan, from Proto-West Germanic *wagn.

#### Noun

wāgen m
* A wagon, cart.

##### Descendants

* Dutch: wagen
* Limburgish: wage
* → English: wagon, waggon (British, dated)
** → Dutch: wagon
** → French: wagon (see there for further descendants)
** → German: Waggon
** → Japanese: わごん, ワゴン (wagon)
** → Polish: wagon
** → Spanish: vagón
* → Scots: waggen, wagun, wagoun

### Etymology 2

From Old Dutch *wagon, from Proto-West Germanic *wagōn, from Proto-Germanic *wagōną.

#### Verb

wāgen
* To venture.

##### Descendants

* Dutch: wagen
* Limburgish: wage

### Etymology 3

From wâge +‎ -en.

#### Verb

wâgen
* To weigh, to determine the weight of.

##### Descendants

* Dutch: wagen
* Limburgish: waoge

### Further reading

* “waghen (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* “waghen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* “waghen (IV)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “wagen (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “wagen (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “wagen (VI)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page VI

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* wage, wajon, wagge

### Etymology

From Old Northern French wagier; equivalent to wage +‎ -en (infinitival suffix). Doublet of wedden.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwaːdʒən/

### Verb

wagen
* (transitive) To employ, use, or utilise a person.
* (transitive) To give an item or a person as security or as a guarantee.
* (transitive) To risk, potentially endanger.
* (transitive, rare) To promise to avoid.

#### Usage notes

In the term wagen batayle (probably from the sense "to risk"; i.e. "to risk battle"), the word approaches something similar to the sense of English (to) wage.

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) wagen, wage | (to) wagen, wage |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | wage | waged |
| 2nd-person singular | wagest | wagedest |
| 3rd-person singular | wageth | waged |
| subjunctive singular | wage | waged |
| imperative singular | wage | — |
| plural$^1$ | wagen, wage | wageden, wagede |
| imperative plural | wageth, wage | — |
| participles | wagynge, wagende | waged, ywaged |
$^1$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

#### Related terms

* wajour

#### Descendants

* English: wage
* Scots: wage

#### References

* “wāǧen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-23.

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* gwagen, wagon

### Etymology

Borrowed from English wagon.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈwaɡɛn/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈwa(ː)ɡɛn/

### Noun

wagen m (plural wageni or wagenau, not mutable)
* (vehicles) wagon, wain

#### Synonyms

* cart
* certwain
* men
* trol
* trỳc

#### Derived terms

* ar y wagen (“teetotal”)
* Jac a'i Wagen (“Charles' Wain, the Big Dipper”)
* Wagen Siarls (“Charles' Wain, the Big Dipper”)

### Mutation

H-prothesis does not affect this word as the ⟨w⟩ here represents the semivowel /w/ rather than a vowel sound.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “wagen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies