# geall
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ɟaul̪ˠ/, /ɟoul̪ˠ/
* (Galway) IPA: /ɟaːl̪ˠ/, /ɟɑːl̪ˠ/
* (Mayo, Ulster) IPA: /ɟal̪ˠ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish gell (“pledge, surety”).

#### Noun

geall m (genitive singular gill, nominative plural geallta)
* pledge, pawn, token
* bet, wager
* asset, resource
* prize

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
geall
geallta
vocative
a ghill
a gheallta
genitive
gill
geallta
dative
geall
geallta
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an geall
na geallta
genitive
an ghill
na ngeallta
dative
leis an ngeall don gheall
leis na geallta :
The archaic dative singular gioll is still encountered in phrases like i ngioll ar, a variant form of i ngeall ar.

##### Quotations

* 1906, E. C. Quiggin, A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 74:bʹjuw gʹαL gə mʹɛ ʃə əNsə welʹə rĩv ə Nĩ:çə[Bíodh geall go mbeidh sé insa bhaile roimh an oíche]I bet you he will be home before night.(literally, “Let there be a bet that…”)

##### Derived terms

* geall le, i ngeall le (“dependent on; equal, equivalent, to; all but, almost”)
* de gheall ar (“for the sake of; disposed to, intending to”)
* i ngeall ar, mar gheall ar (“on account of; concerning”)

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish gellaid (“to pledge”), from gell (“pledge, surety”).

#### Verb

geall (present analytic geallann, future analytic geallfaidh, verbal noun gealladh, past participle geallta) (transitive, intransitive)
* promise, assure
* allot (to)

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | geallaim | geallann tú; geallair$^†$ | geallann sé, sí | geallaimid | geallann sibh | geallann siad; geallaid$^†$ | a gheallann; a gheallas / a ngeallann* | gealltar |
| indicative | past | gheall mé; gheallas | gheall tú; gheallais | gheall sé, sí | gheallamar; gheall muid | gheall sibh; gheallabhair | gheall siad; ghealladar | a gheall / ar gheall* | gealladh |
| indicative | past habitual | gheallainn / ngeallainn‡‡ | ghealltá / ngealltá‡‡ | ghealladh sé, sí / ngealladh sé, sí‡‡ | gheallaimis; ghealladh muid / ngeallaimis‡‡; ngealladh muid‡‡ | ghealladh sibh / ngealladh sibh‡‡ | gheallaidís; ghealladh siad / ngeallaidís‡‡; ngealladh siad‡‡ | a ghealladh / a ngealladh* | ghealltaí / ngealltaí‡‡ |
| future | future | geallfaidh mé; geallfad | geallfaidh tú; geallfair$^†$ | geallfaidh sé, sí | geallfaimid; geallfaidh muid | geallfaidh sibh | geallfaidh siad; geallfaid$^†$ | a gheallfaidh; a gheallfas / a ngeallfaidh* | geallfar |
| conditional | conditional | gheallfainn / ngeallfainn‡‡ | gheallfá / ngeallfá‡‡ | gheallfadh sé, sí / ngeallfadh sé, sí‡‡ | gheallfaimis; gheallfadh muid / ngeallfaimis‡‡; ngeallfadh muid‡‡ | gheallfadh sibh / ngeallfadh sibh‡‡ | gheallfaidís; gheallfadh siad / ngeallfaidís‡‡; ngeallfadh siad‡‡ | a gheallfadh / a ngeallfadh* | gheallfaí / ngeallfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go ngealla mé; go ngeallad$^†$ | go ngealla tú; go ngeallair$^†$ | go ngealla sé, sí | go ngeallaimid; go ngealla muid | go ngealla sibh | go ngealla siad; go ngeallaid$^†$ | — | go ngealltar |
| subjunctive | past | dá ngeallainn | dá ngealltá | dá ngealladh sé, sí | dá ngeallaimis; dá ngealladh muid | dá ngealladh sibh | dá ngeallaidís; dá ngealladh siad | — | dá ngealltaí |
| imperative | imperative | geallaim | geall | gealladh sé, sí | geallaimis | geallaigí; geallaidh$^†$ | geallaidís | — | gealltar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | gealladh | gealladh | gealladh | gealladh | gealladh | gealladh | gealladh | gealladh |
| past participle | past participle | geallta | geallta | geallta | geallta | geallta | geallta | geallta | geallta |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 6, page 6
* ↑ Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000) Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, § 33 (a), page 41
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 131
* ↑ Ó Máille, T. S. (1974) Liosta Focal as Ros Muc [Word List from Rosmuck] (in Irish), Baile Átha Cliath [Dublin]: Irish University Press, →ISBN, page 102
* ↑ de Búrca, Seán (1958) The Irish of Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 212, page 40
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 431, page 139
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gell”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gellaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “geall”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “geall”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 355
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “geall”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “geall”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʲaul̪ˠ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish gell (“pledge, surety; stake, wager”).

#### Noun

geall m (genitive singular gill, plural gill)
* pledge
* mortgage
* bet, wager
* prize, reward
* desire, love
* notch

##### Derived terms

* bùth-gheall f (“pawnshop”)
* cuir geall (“to bet, to wager”)
* geall-barantais m (“pledge; mortgage; bet”)
* geall-cheannaiche m (“pawnbroker”)
* geall-cinnidh m (“fine paid by one guilty of manslaughter to kinsmen of deceased”)
* geall-dìolaidh m (“mortgage”)
* geall-fhiachan m (“mortgage”)
* geall-meas m (“compensation for anything carried away or destroyed; estimate”)
* geall-réis m (“racing competition, games”)
* geall-spréidh m (“cattle-show”)
* geall-treabhaidh m (“ploughing-match”)

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish gellaid (“pledges oneself, vows, promises; pledges, wagers; gives in pledge; testifies”), from gell (“pledge, surety; stake, wager”).

#### Verb

geall (past gheall, future geallaidh, verbal noun gealltainn or gealladh, past participle geallte)
* promise, wager
* pledge, vow

##### Related terms

* gealltanach (“hopeful, promising, promissory”)
* gealltanas (“assurance, pledge, promise”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “geall”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gell”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gellaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language