# gubernator
## English
### Etymology

* From Latin gubernātor (“governor”), from gubernō (“to govern”) +‎ -tor, thus a doublet of governor.
* Alternatively a back-formation from gubernatorial, from same Latin source.

### Noun

gubernator (plural gubernators)
* Leader.
** 1677, Theophilus Gale, The Court of the Gentiles, page 469:The Egyptians, when they introduce God under the Symbolic Image of one that governes a Ship, thereby signifie his Domination and Empire as Gubernator of the Universe. For as a Gubernator of a Ship […]
** 1863, John McCaul, Britanno-Roman Inscriptions: With Critical Notes, page 222:Marcus Minutius Mude, a soldier of the sixth legion victorious, in performance of a vow, dedicated the altar to the African, Italian, Gallican (Goddesses, the) Mothers, to the Gubernator of the Sixth Legion. The writer confessed there was some inconsistency in the dedications to the Matres, &c., and to the Gubernator; […]
* (now humorous) Governor.
** 2003 September, “Stanford poll: Terminator in lead to become gubernator”, in Silicon Valley Business Journal‎, title:Stanford poll: Terminator in lead to become gubernator
** 2010 September 30, Hagar, “California's Gubernator caves ...”, in alt.alien.visitors (Usenet):So, why don't we send the gubernator back to Austria, […] and sponsor a collective effort to repeal the Loud Pipes Law and that ludicrous Healthcare Abomination.
** 2013 May 24, ChasNemo, “Texas Sheriff Exam ...”, in alt.alien.visitors (Usenet):So what test did Gubernator Perry pass to became such a brain dead dipshit?
** 2017, Tim Carvell [et al.], Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 4, episode 30, John Oliver (actor), Warner Bros. Television, via HBO:And that is encouraging, because it’s nice to know that if you use Trump tactics in a Virginia gubernatorial election, you do not get to be gubernator.

#### Related terms

* gubernatorial

## Latin
### Etymology

From gubernō (“to pilot, govern”) +‎ -tor.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ɡu.berˈnaː.tor/, [ɡʊbɛrˈnäːt̪ɔr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ɡu.berˈna.tor/, [ɡuberˈnäːt̪or]

### Noun

gubernātor m (genitive gubernātōris, feminine gubernātrīx); third declension
* Helmsman or pilot of a boat.
** Unknown origin, often attributed to Publilius Syrus (1st Century BCE)
    In tranquillo esse quisque gubernator potest.
       In a calm sea anyone can be the helmsman.
* Leader or governor.

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Related terms

* gubernātrīx

#### Descendants

* Franco-Provençal: govèrnor
* Gallo-Italic
** Emilian: gvernatåur
** Lombard: governatur
** Piedmontese: guvernatur
** Sicilian: governaturi
* Italo-Dalmatian
** Corsican: guvernatore, guvernadore
** Italian: governatore
** Istriot: guvarnadur
* Old French: gouvreneur, governeor, governur
** Middle French: gouverneur
*** French: gouverneur (see there for further descendants)
*** → Middle Dutch: gouverneur
**** Dutch: gouverneur, goeverneur (before 1996)
***** Afrikaans: goewerneur
***** Negerhollands: guwerneer
***** → Lokono: gouverneur
***** → Indonesian: gubernur
**** Limburgish: goevernäör
*** → German: Gouverneur
** Norman: gouvernaeux, gouverneux (Guernsey), gouvèrneux (Jersey)
** Walloon: gouverneûr
** → Middle English: governour, governor, governoure, governowre, governur
*** English: governor (see there for further descendants)
*** Scots: governour
*** Yola: governere
* Old Occitan: governador
** Occitan: governador
** Old Catalan: governador
*** Catalan: governador
* Rhaeto-Romance
** Friulian: guviernadôr
** Ladin: goernador
** Romansch: guvernatur
* Sabir: gobernator
* Sardinian: cuberradore
* West Iberian
** Old Leonese:
*** Asturian: gobernador, gobernaor
*** Mirandese: gobernador
** Old Galician-Portuguese: governador
*** Galician: gobernador
*** Portuguese: governador (see there for further descendants)
** Old Spanish: gouernador
*** Ladino: gobernador
*** Spanish: gobernador (see there for further descendants)
* → Bulgarian: губернатор (gubernator)
* → English: gubernator
* → Georgian: გუბერნატორი (gubernaṭori)
* → Hindi: गवर्नर (gavarnar)
* → Latvian: gubernators
* → Macedonian: губернатор (gubernator)
* → Polish: gubernator
** → Ukrainian: губерна́тор (hubernátor)
* → Romanian: guvernator
* → Russian: губерна́тор (gubernátor)
* → Tajik: губернатор (gubernator)

### References

* “gubernator”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “gubernator”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* gubernator in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* gubernator in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “gubernator”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin gubernātor, from Ancient Greek κυβερνήτης (kubernḗtēs), from κυβερνάω (kubernáō). Doublet of guwerner (“tutor”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡu.bɛrˈna.tɔr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -atɔr
* Syllabification: gu‧ber‧na‧tor

### Noun

gubernator m pers
* (politics) governor (leader of a region or state)

#### Derived terms

* gubernatorski
* gubernatorstwo

#### Descendants

* → Russian: губерна́тор (gubernátor)
* → Ukrainian: губерна́тор (hubernátor)

### Further reading

* gubernator in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* gubernator in Polish dictionaries at PWN