# joku
## Borôro
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdʒoo̥kʷuu̥/

### Noun

joku
* eye

## Finnish
### Etymology

jo- +‎ ku-. Originally an old compound of two pronominal stems, but is practically never considered a compound by speakers.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjoku/, [ˈjo̞ku]
* Rhymes: -oku
* Hyphenation: jo‧ku

### Pronoun

joku
* (indefinite) someone, somebody
    Joku odottaa sinua.Someone is waiting for you
    joku muu ― somebody/-one else
    joku heistä ― one of them
    joku muu ― someone else
* (colloquial, indefinite) something
    joku muu ― "something else" and "somebody else"

### Determiner

joku
* (indefinite) one, a, any, some (of people)
    Äiti, ovella on joku kaupustelija.Mom, there's a salesman at the door.
    Joku kaupustelija kävi meillä eilen.Some salesman visited us yesterday.
* (colloquial, indefinite) one, a, any, some (of things)
    Ota joku näistä!Take one of these!
* (colloquial, indefinite) some, around, approximately
    Ostin jonkun/joku 5 kiloa mansikoita.I bought around 5 kilos of strawberries.

#### Usage notes

* In colloquial Finnish, the forms of jokin (used to refer to non-human things in the standard language) and joku (used to refer to humans in the standard language) have merged, especially when used as modifiers (for example joku mies / joku pöytä (“some man / some table”), joku meistä / joku niistä pöydistä (“one of us / one of the tables”). In referring to both humans and non-human things, joku is used as a modifier in everyday speech and writing in the nominative singular (joku) and genitive singular (jonkun) and the nominative and accusative plural (jotkut), but the forms of jokin are used in all other grammatical cases to refer to both humans and non-human things. When used alone, not as modifiers, the forms of joku and jokin are however usually still distinguished, even in everyday speech, in the nominative singular/plural, genitive singular and the partitive singular/plural. This is shown by the following examples of colloquial usage:
    joku mies tuli / antoi sen jollekin miehelle ― some man came / gave it to some man
    joku tuli / antoi sen jollekin ― someone came / gave it to someone
    joku pöytä meni rikki / laita se jollekin pöydälle ― some table broke / put it on some table
    jokin meni rikki / laita se jollekin ― something broke / put it on something
    and the following examples of formal (standard language) usage:
    joku mies / jollekulle miehelle ― some man / to some man
    jokin pöytä / jollekin pöydälle ― some table / onto some table

#### Inflection

* Case suffixes are regular. Both the parts get the case suffix. Some cases are practically never used (those forms are in brackets in the table). The lative and causative cases are used as adverbs with completely different meanings than "some" or "someone".
Declension of joku
noun case
singular
pluraladverbial form
singular
plural
nominative
joku
jotkutsuperessive
genitive
jonkun
joidenkuiden joittenkuittendelative
partitive
jotakuta
joitakuitasublative
accusative
joku, jonkun
jotkutlative
(joskus)
inessive
jossakussa
joissakuissatemporal
elative
jostakusta
joistakuistacausative
(jotenkuten)
illative
johonkuhun
joihinkuihinmultiplicative
adessive
jollakulla
joillakuilladistributive
ablative
joltakulta
joiltakuiltatemp. dist.
allative
jollekulle
joillekuilleprolative
essive
jonakuna
joinakuinasituative
translative
joksikuksi
joiksikuiksioppositive
abessive
(jottakutta)
(joittakuitta)
instructive
(joinkuin)
comitative
(joinekuine) :
These abbreviations are mainly used in dictionaries.
| Case | Form | Abbreviation |
| Nominative singular | joku | jk |
| Genitive singular | jonkun | jkn |
| Partitive singular | jotakuta | jkta |
| Inessive singular | jossakussa | jkssa |
| Elative singular | jostakusta | jksta |
| Illative singular | johonkuhun | jkhun |
| Adessive singular | jollakulla | jklla |
| Ablative singular | joltakulta | jklta |
| Allative singular | jollekulle | jklle |
| Essive singular | jonakuna | jkna |
| Translative singular | joksikuksi | jkksi |

#### Derived terms

* jokunen
* jonkunlainen
* jonkunmoinen
* joskus
* jotenkuten
* jokulähetys
* jonkunnäköinen

#### Related terms

Pronouns with same stems:
* joka
* jokin
* jompikumpi
* kuka
* kukaan
* kukin
* kumpi
* kumpikaan
* kumpikin

#### See also

* jotta

### References

* ↑ Pronominit: joku ja jokin (merkitys ja taivutus)
* ↑ Pronominit: joku ja jokin (käytön yleispiirteet)

### Further reading

* “joku”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* juko, koju

## Japanese
### Romanization

joku
* Rōmaji transcription of じょく

## Latvian
### Noun

joku m
* inflection of joks:
** accusative/instrumental singular
** genitive plural