# मुद्रा
## Hindi
### Etymology

From Sanskrit मुद्रा (mudrā).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /mʊd̪.ɾɑː/, [mʊd̪.ɾäː]

### Noun

मुद्रा • (mudrā) f
* a seal
* a stamp
* any currency or coin; money
** 1998, Rajwant Rao Pradeep Kumar Rao, Pracheen Bharatiya Mudrayen [Ancient Indian Money], Motilal Banarsidass Publishe →ISBN, page 26
    भारतीय मुद्रा के अध्ययन के साथ ही यह जिज्ञासा भी उत्यित हुई कि भारत में मुद्रा का उदभव किस प्रकार सम्भव हुआ ।bhārtīya mudrā ke adhyayan ke sāth hī yah jijñāsā bhī utyit huī ki bhārat mẽ mudrā kā udbhav kis prakār sambhav huā .with the study of Indian currency this curiosity has also arisen of by which means has money been developed in India...
* expression, face, appearance
* the name of specific finger positions

#### Declension
## Nepali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mud̪rä]
* Phonetic Devanagari: मुद्रा

### Noun

मुद्रा • (mudrā)
* any currency or coin; money

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* মুদ্ৰা (Assamese script)
* ᬫᬸᬤ᭄ᬭᬵ (Balinese script)
* মুদ্রা (Bengali script)
* 𑰦𑰲𑰟𑰿𑰨𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀭𑀸 (Brahmi script)
* မုဒြာ (Burmese script)
* મુદ્રા (Gujarati script)
* ਮੁਦ੍ਰਾ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌮𑍁𑌦𑍍𑌰𑌾 (Grantha script)
* ꦩꦸꦢꦿꦴ (Javanese script)
* 𑂧𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂩𑂰 (Kaithi script)
* ಮುದ್ರಾ (Kannada script)
* មុទ្រា (Khmer script)
* ມຸທ຺ຣາ (Lao script)
* മുദ്രാ (Malayalam script)
* ᠮᡠᡩᡵᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
* 𑘦𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘨𑘰 (Modi script)
* ᠮᠤᢑᠷᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧆𑧔𑦿𑧠𑧈𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐩𑐸𑐡𑑂𑐬𑐵 (Newa script)
* ମୁଦ୍ରା (Odia script)
* ꢪꢸꢣ꣄ꢬꢵ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆩𑆶𑆢𑇀𑆫𑆳 (Sharada script)
* 𑖦𑖲𑖟𑖿𑖨𑖯 (Siddham script)
* මුද්‍රා (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩴𑩒𑩭 𑪙𑩼𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚢𑚰𑚛𑚶𑚤𑚭 (Takri script)
* முத்³ரா (Tamil script)
* ముద్రా (Telugu script)
* มุทฺรา (Thai script)
* མུ་དྲཱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒧𑒳𑒠𑓂𑒩𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨢𑨃𑨛𑩇𑨫𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Possibly an Iranian borrowing, from Proto-Iranian *mudrā, possibly ultimately from Akkadian 𒈬𒊬 (mušarû, “object bearing a royal inscription”), from Sumerian 𒈬𒊬 (mu-sar /⁠musar⁠/), from 𒈬 (mu, “name, fame”) + 𒊬 (sar, “to write”).
Or, if from मुद्र (mudrá, “joyous, glad”), then related to माद्यति (mādyati, “to rejoice, revel, be drunk, intoxicated”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /mud.ɾɑ́ː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈmud̪.ɾɑː/

### Noun

मुद्रा • (mudrā́) stem, f
* a seal or any instrument used for sealing or stamping, a seal-ring, signet-ring, any ring
* type for printing or instrument for lithographing
* any stamp or print or mark or impression
** the stamp or impression made by a seal etc.
* a stamped coin, piece of money, rupee, cash, medal
* an image, sign, badge, token (especially a token or mark of divine attributes impressed upon the body)
* authorization, a pass, passport (as given by a seal)
* shutting, closing (as of the eyes or lips)
* lock, stopper, bung
* mystery
* name of particular positions or intertwinings of the fingers of the hand (24 in number, commonly practiced in religious worship, and supposed to possess an occult meaning and magical efficacy); mudra
* female consort for sexual yoga practices
* form of a deity
* a particular branch of education ("reckoning by the fingers")
* parched or fried grain
* (rhetoric) the natural expression of things by words, calling things by their right names
* (music) a dance accordant with tradition

#### Derived terms

* महामुद्रा (mahāmudrā)
* मुद्राकर (mudrākara)
* मुद्राक्षर (mudrākṣara)
* मुद्राक्षेप (mudrākṣepa)
* मुद्राङ्क (mudrāṅka)
* मुद्राङ्कित (mudrāṅkita)
* मुद्राधारण (mudrādhāraṇa)
* मुद्राधारणमाहात्म्य (mudrādhāraṇamāhātmya)
* मुद्राधारणस्तोत्र (mudrādhāraṇastotra)
* मुद्राप्रकाश (mudrāprakāśa)
* मुद्राबल (mudrābala)
* मुद्रामार्ग (mudrāmārga)
* मुद्रायन्त्र (mudrāyantra)
* मुद्रायन्त्रालय (mudrāyantrālaya)
* मुद्रारक्षक (mudrārakṣaka)
* मुद्राराक्षस (mudrārākṣasa)
* मुद्राराक्षसकथासंग्रह (mudrārākṣasakathāsaṃgraha)
* मुद्राराक्षसकथासार (mudrārākṣasakathāsāra)
* मुद्राराक्षसपूर्वपीठिका (mudrārākṣasapūrvapīṭhikā)
* मुद्राराक्षसप्रकाश (mudrārākṣasaprakāśa)
* मुद्रार्णव (mudrārṇava)
* मुद्रार्णवलक्षणटीका (mudrārṇavalakṣaṇaṭīkā)
* मुद्रालक्षण (mudrālakṣaṇa)
* मुद्रालिपि (mudrālipi)
* मुद्राविधि (mudrāvidhi)
* मुद्राविवरण (mudrāvivaraṇa)
* मुद्रास्थान (mudrāsthāna)

#### Descendants

* Assamese: মুদ্ৰা (mudra)
* Bengali: মুদ্রা (mudra)
* Hindi: मुद्रा (mudrā)
* Konkani: मुद्रा (mudrā)
* Marathi: मुद्रा (mudrā)
* Nepali: मुद्रा (mudrā)
* Odia: ମୁଦ୍ରା (mudrā)
* Pali: muddā
* Punjabi: ਮੁੱਦਰਾ (muddarā)
* Tamil: முத்திரை (muttirai)
* Telugu: ముద్ర (mudra)
* Burmese: မုဒြာ (mu.dra)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “मुद्रा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 822.
* ↑ “mudra”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
* ↑ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “741-743”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 741-743