# ἥκω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

A perfective verb of uncertain origin, but seems to be related to the present-meaning ἵκω (híkō, “to come”), and thus come from Proto-Indo-European *seyk- (“to reach for”), though the aspectual difference and phonetics are difficult to resolve.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɛ̌ː.kɔː/ → /ˈi.ko/ → /ˈi.ko/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hɛ̌ː.kɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)e̝.ko/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈi.ko/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈi.ko/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈi.ko/

### Verb

ἥκω • (hḗkō)
* to have come, to be present
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.478
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.325
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 4.12
** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 661
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.91
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 327C
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.50
** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 103
** 425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 738
** 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 265
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.54
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1116
** 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 275
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.5.25
** c. 440 BCE, Euripides, Rhesus 337
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.50
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 3
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.157
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.137
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 659
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 770
** 50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of John 6:37
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 734
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 336B
** 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, On the Embassy 178
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.6.2
** 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 28
** 407 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis 886
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.3.4
** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 717
** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 724
** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 730
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 271.6
** 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 1
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.26
** 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 748
** 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 273
** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 377
** 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 58
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1227
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 310E
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 4.5.9
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.5.42
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 12
* to have reached a point
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1030
** 425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 170
** 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 25E
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Charmides 157D
** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1492
** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 687
** (with an adverb followed by a genitive)
*** 380 BCE, Plato, Euthydemus 294E
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.30
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.62
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.102
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.111
*** 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Commentaries on the Attic Orators: On Dinarchus 1
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.149
*** 458 BCE, Euripides, Electra 751
*** 430 BCE, Euripides, Herakles' Children 213
*** 110 CE – 180 CE, Pausanias Periegeta, Graeciae Descriptio 4.21.10
*** 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 4.34
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.30
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.157
* to have come back, returned
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Leptines 73
** 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, On his Return 13
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.1.9
** 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 275
** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 1021
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 53
* (pleonastic, with a participle)
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 579
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 357
** 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 265
** 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 518D
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 117A
** 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 491C
** 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 706
** 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1075
* (simply, like γίγνομαι (gígnomai))
** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1519
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 636
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1201
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.126
* (of things) to have come, to be brought
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.2.3
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.140
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1177
** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 103
** 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 606
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1472
** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 953
** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 713
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.54
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.77
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1301
** 413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 42
** 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Eratosthenes 79
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1240
* to concern, relate, belong to
** 415 BCE, Euripides, The Trojan Women 154
** 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 919
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.5.13
** 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 5.81
** 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 12.15.9
** 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 28.17.2
* to depend upon
** 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 30
** 280 BCE – 220 BCE, Philo of Byzantium, Compendium of Mechanics 2.21
** 200 CE – 400 CE, Heliodorus of Emesa, Aethiopica 4.7
* (with infinitive)
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 738
** 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 291
* (with participle)
** 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 24.9.11

#### Derived terms

* ἐφήκω (ephḗkō)
* κᾰθήκω (kăthḗkō)
* πᾰρήκω (părḗkō)
* προσήκω (prosḗkō)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “513”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page ἥκω

### Further reading

* “ἥκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἥκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ἥκω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ἥκω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἥκω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* G2240 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible