# 生ふ
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 生
* お Grade: 1
* kun'yomi

### Etymology

From Old Japanese.
Appears to be cognate with an op- stem that also derives modern 大きい (ōkii, “big, large”), 多い (ōi, “many”), and possibly 覆う (ōu, “to cover”).

### Verb

生ふ(おう) • (ou) intransitive $^†$nidan
* (of plants or trees, archaic) to grow large, spring up
** 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 8, poem 365; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 16)
    立(たち)わかれいなばの山(やま)の峰(みね)におふる松(まつ)としきかば今(いま)かへりこむ
       tachiwakare Inaba-no-yama no mine ni ouru matsu to shi kikaba ima kaerikon
       I leave Mount Inaba with pines growing on its peak. If I hear you say “pine (wait),” I will surely return right away!

#### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 生ひ | おひ | ofi |
| Continuative (連用形) | 生ひ | おひ | ofi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 生ふ | おふ | ofu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 生ふる | おふる | ofuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 生ふれ | おふれ | ofure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 生ひよ | おひよ | ofiyo |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 生ひず | おひず | ofizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 生ふれど | おふれど | ofuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 生ふれば | おふれば | ofureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 生ひば | おひば | ofiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 生ひき | おひき | ofiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 生ひけり | おひけり | ofikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 生ひつ | おひつ | ofitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 生ひぬ | おひぬ | ofinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 生ひたり | おひたり | ofitari |
| Volitional | 生ひむ | おひむ | ofimu |

#### Derived terms

* 生(お)ゆ (oyu)
* 生(お)へる (oeru)
* 生(お)ほす (oosu)
* 生(お)ひ上(あ)がる (oiagaru)
* 生(お)ひ出(い)づ (oiizu)
* 生(お)い先(さき) (oisaki)
* 生(お)ひ様(ざま) (oizama)
* 生(お)ひ及(し)く (oishiku)
* 生(お)い茂(しげ)る (oishigeru)
* 生(お)ひ末(すえ) (oisue)
* 生(お)ひ育(そだ)ち (oisodachi)
* 生(お)い育(そだ)つ (oisodatsu)
* 生(お)い立(た)ち (oitachi)
* 生(お)い立(た)つ (oitatsu)
* 生(お)ひ継(つ)ぐ (oitsugu)
* 生(お)ひなる (oinaru)
* 生(お)ひ上(のぼ)る (oinoboru)
* 生(お)ひ優(まさ)る (oimasaru)
* 生(お)ひ行(ゆ)く (oiyuku)
* 片(かた)生(お)ひ (kataoi)
* 今年(ことし)生(おい)ひ (kotoshi-oi)
* 稚児生(ちごお)ひ (chigooi)
* 蓴(ぬなわ)生(お)う (nunawaou)
* 根生(ねお)い (neoi)
* 鼠(ねずみ)生(お)ひ (nezumi-oi)
* 水(み)草(くさ)生(お)う (mikusa-ou)
* 弥生(やよい) (yayoi)

#### Idioms

* 心(こころ)生(お)ふ (kokoro ou)

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

Appears to be cognate with an op- stem that also derives the stem 大 (opo-, “big, large”) and possibly the verb 覆ふ (opu, “to cover”).

### Verb

生ふ (opu) (kana おふ)
* (of plants or trees) to grow large, spring up
** 711–712, Kojiki, lower volume (Emperor Yūryaku; poem 91):...母登爾波伊久美陀氣淤斐須恵幣爾波多斯美陀氣淤斐......mo$_2$to$_2$ ni pa ikumi$_1$dake$_2$ opi$_2$ suwepe$_1$ ni pa tasimi$_1$dake$_2$ opi$_2$...(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 6, poem 925:
    烏玉之夜之深去者久木生留淸河原爾知鳥數鳴nubatama no$_2$ yo$_1$ no$_2$ puke$_2$yuke$_2$ba pi$_1$sagi$_2$ opuru ki$_1$yo$_1$ki$_1$ kapara ni tido$_2$ri sibanaku(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 生ひ | おひ | ofi |
| Continuative (連用形) | 生ひ | おひ | ofi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 生ふ | おふ | ofu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 生ふる | おふる | ofuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 生ふれ | おふれ | ofure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 生ひよ | おひよ | ofiyo |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 生ひず | おひず | ofizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 生ふれど | おふれど | ofuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 生ふれば | おふれば | ofureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 生ひば | おひば | ofiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 生ひき | おひき | ofiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 生ひけり | おひけり | ofikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 生ひつ | おひつ | ofitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 生ひぬ | おひぬ | ofinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 生ひたり | おひたり | ofitari |
| Volitional | 生ひむ | おひむ | ofimu |

#### Derived terms

* 生ほす (oposu, “to nurture”)
* 彌生 (iyaopi$_2$)

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 生ふ (ou)