# τυγχάνω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *tʰunkʰanō, from the nasal-infixed present *dʰu-n-gʰ- of Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ- (“to hit, produce, yield”), whence also τεύχω (teúkhō, “produce”).
The present stem τυγχάνω (tunkhánō) is a zero-grade form of the root with nasal infix and nasal suffix, like λαμβάνω (lambánō, “to take”) and λανθάνω (lanthánō, “to do secretly”). The aorist stem ἔτυχον (étukhon) is zero-grade with no suffix, and ἐτύχησᾰ (etúkhēsă), and τετύχηκᾰ (tetúkhēkă) are zero-grade with regular first-aorist and perfect suffixes. The future τεύξομαι (teúxomai) and perfect τέτευχᾰ (téteukhă) and τέτευγμαι (téteugmai) are e-grade. Related to τεύχω (teúkhō), which is from a different present stem and with which it shares some forms.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tyŋ.kʰá.nɔː/ → /tyŋˈxa.no/ → /tiŋˈxa.no/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /tyŋ.kʰá.nɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /tyŋˈkʰa.no/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /tyŋˈxa.no/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /tyŋˈxa.no/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /tiŋˈxa.no/

### Verb

τυγχάνω • (tunkhánō)
* Expressing coincidence: to happen (to be)
** (of events) to happen, occur [with dative ‘to someone’]
** (of a person) to happen [with participle ‘to do something’]
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.334–335:τύχησε γὰρ ἐρχομένη νηῦς ἀνδρῶν Θεσπρωτῶν ἐς Δουλίχιον πολύπῡρον.túkhēse gàr erkhoménē nēûs andrôn Thesprōtôn es Doulíkhion polúpūron.For a ship belonging to Thesprotian men happened to be going to Dulichium rich in grain.
* to succeed [with participle or infinitive ‘at doing’]; to go successfully
** to hit a target [with genitive]
** to meet someone [with genitive]
** to get or attain something [with genitive]

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “succeed at doing”): ἁμαρτάνω (hamartánō)

#### Derived terms

* ἀντιτυγχάνω (antitunkhánō)
* ἀποτυγχάνω (apotunkhánō)
* διατυγχάνω (diatunkhánō)
* ἐντυγχάνω (entunkhánō)
* ἐπιτυγχάνω (epitunkhánō)
* κατατυγχάνω (katatunkhánō)
* κατεντυγχάνω (katentunkhánō)
* παρατυγχάνω (paratunkhánō)
* παρεντυγχάνω (parentunkhánō)
* περιτυγχάνω (peritunkhánō)
* προαποτυγχάνω (proapotunkhánō)
* προεντυγχάνω (proentunkhánō)
* προσεντυγχάνω (prosentunkhánō)
* προσεπιτυγχάνω (prosepitunkhánō)
* προστυγχάνω (prostunkhánō)
* προτυγχάνω (protunkhánō)
* συμπαρατυγχάνω (sumparatunkhánō)
* συμπεριτυγχάνω (sumperitunkhánō)
* συντυγχάνω (suntunkhánō)
* ὑπερεντυγχάνω (huperentunkhánō)
* ὑποτυγχάνω (hupotunkhánō)

#### Descendants

* Greek: τυχαίνω (tychaíno)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τυγχάνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1515-6

### Further reading

* “τυγχάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “τυγχάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “τυγχάνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* τυγχάνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* τυγχάνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “τυγχάνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G5177 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible