OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# volup
## Latin
### Etymology

Shortened from Old Latin *volupe, from Proto-Indo-European *wolp-i (“hope”, noun) with an anaptyctic vowel inserted between the l and p, from *welp- (“to hope”), whence Ancient Greek ἔλπω (élpō, “to cause to hope”).
The root *welp- has been alternately constructed by Hamp as *welh₁p-, and taken as a compound of *welh₁- (“to wish, want”) +‎ *h₁ep- (“to reach, get”), literally “desire reaching, attaining one's wish”. While this is formally possible and semantically reasonable, the rather strange shape of the formation, lack of other evidence for said formation, as well as *h₁ep- usually being reconstructed as *h₂ep-, casts this reconstruction in doubt.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈu̯o.lup/, [ˈu̯ɔɫ̪ʊp]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈvo.lup/, [ˈvɔːlup]

### Adverb

volup (not comparable)
* pleasantly, agreeably, satisfactorily
* with pleasure

#### Related terms

* Volupia
* voluptābilis
* voluptāriē
* voluptārius
* voluptās
* voluptātīvus
* voluptificus
* voluptuōsē
* voluptuōsus

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “volup”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 689

### Further reading

* Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1137
* “volup”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “volup”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* volup in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# amicísimo
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin amīcissimus, superlative of amīcus (“friend”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /amiˈθisimo/ [a.miˈθi.si.mo]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /amiˈsisimo/ [a.miˈsi.si.mo]
* Rhymes: -isimo
* Syllabification: a‧mi‧cí‧si‧mo

### Adjective

amicísimo (feminine amicísima, masculine plural amicísimos, feminine plural amicísimas)
* (superlative) most friendly, very friendly

#### Alternative forms

* amiguísimo

#### Related terms

* amical (“friendly”)
* amigable (“friendly”)
* amigo (“friend”)

### Further reading

* “amicísimo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# autolysosome
## English
### Etymology

From auto- +‎ lysosome.

### Noun

autolysosome (plural autolysosomes)
* (cytology) The result of the fusion of an autophagosome and a lysosome

#### Derived terms

* autolysosomal
# životný
## Czech
### Alternative forms

* živ. (abbreviation)

### Etymology

From život (“life”) +‎ -ný.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʒɪvotniː]
* Rhymes: -otniː
* Hyphenation: ži‧vot‧ný

### Adjective

životný (adverb životně)
* (grammar) animate
    Antonym: neživotný

#### Derived terms

* neživotný
* životnost

#### See also

* životní

### Further reading

* “životný”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “životný”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “životný”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# skutečný
## Czech
### Etymology

From skutek +‎ -ný.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈskutɛt͡ʃniː]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

skutečný (comparative skutečnější, superlative nejskutečnější, adverb skutečně)
* real (having physical existence), actual (existing in act or reality, not just potentially)
    Synonym: reálný
    Antonyms: neskutečný, zdánlivý, domnělý

#### Derived terms

* skutečnost
* uskutečnit

#### Related terms

* skutečně
* skutek

### Further reading

* “skutečný”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “skutečný”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “skutečný”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# whirling
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈwɝlɪŋ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈwɜːlɪŋ/
* (rhotic, without the wine–whine merger) IPA: /ˈhwɝlɪŋ/
* (non-rhotic, without the wine–whine merger) IPA: /ˈhwɜːlɪŋ/
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)lɪŋ

### Verb

whirling
* present participle and gerund of whirl

### Noun

whirling (plural whirlings)
* The action of the verb to whirl.

#### Derived terms

* whirling disease
* whirling pits
* whirling table

### Adjective

whirling
* That whirls or whirl.
    a whirling carousel; whirling dancers
** 1892, James Yoxall, chapter 5, in The Lonely Pyramid:The desert storm was riding in its strength; the travellers lay beneath the mastery of the fell simoom. Whirling wreaths and columns of burning wind, rushed around and over them.

#### Derived terms

* whirlingly
* whirlingness
# przedawnienie
## Polish
### Etymology

From przedawnić +‎ -enie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʂɛd.avˈɲɛ.ɲɛ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛɲɛ
* Syllabification: przed‧aw‧nie‧nie

### Noun

przedawnienie n
* verbal noun of przedawnić
* (law) laches, prescription

#### Related terms

* przedawniony
* przedawniać impf
* przedawnić pf

### Further reading

* przedawnienie in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* przedawnienie in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Burgkunstädters
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bʊʁkˈkʊnˌʃtɛtɐs/
* Hyphenation: Burg‧kun‧städ‧ters

### Noun

Burgkunstädters
* genitive singular of Burgkunstädter
# Тернер
## Russian
### Alternative forms

* Тёрнер (Tjórner)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtʲernʲɪr]
* IPA: [ˈtʲɵrnʲɪr]

### Proper noun

Те́рнер • (Térner) m inan (genitive Те́рнера)
* A transliteration of the English surname Turner

#### Derived terms

* синдро́м Те́рнера (sindróm Térnera)
* синдро́м Шереше́вского-Те́рнера (sindróm Šerešévskovo-Térnera)
# introducción
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin introductiōnem.

### Noun

introducción f (plural introducciones)
* introduction
* (neologism) opening (of series)

#### Related terms

* introducir
* introductor
* introductorio

### Further reading

* “introducción”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# bienhadado
## Spanish
### Etymology

bien + hadado, from hado.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bjenaˈdado/ [bje.naˈð̞a.ð̞o]
* Rhymes: -ado
* Syllabification: bien‧ha‧da‧do

### Adjective

bienhadado (feminine bienhadada, masculine plural bienhadados, feminine plural bienhadadas)
* happy, fortunate
** 1812, "La imprenta, instrumento de la ilustración," Camilo Henríquez, Aurora de Chile, February 1812 (Prospeto), :
    Talvéz no dista el bienhadado momento de su convercion, civilizacion, y cultura.Perhaps the happy moment of their conversion, civilization, and culture is not far off.

#### Related terms

* hadado
* hadar

### Further reading

* “bienhadado”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# deionise
## English
### Etymology

From de- +‎ ionise.

### Verb

deionise (third-person singular simple present deionises, present participle deionising, simple past and past participle deionised)
* Alternative spelling of deionize

#### Derived terms

* deionisation
# dentystyka
## Polish
### Etymology

From dentysta +‎ -yka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (prescriptive) /dɛnˈtɘ.stɘ.ka/, (colloquial) /dɛn.tɘˈstɘ.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘstɘka, -ɘka
* Syllabification: den‧ty‧sty‧ka

### Noun

dentystyka f
* (dentistry) dentistry (the field of medicine which studies and treats conditions of the teeth)
    Synonym: stomatologia

#### Related terms

* dentystyczny
* dentystycznie
* dentysta
* dentystka

### Further reading

* dentystyka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# denote
## English
### Etymology

From Middle French denoter, from Latin denotare, from de- (“complete”) and notare (“to mark out”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /dɪˈnəʊt/
* (General American) IPA: /dɪˈnoʊt/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊt

### Verb

denote (third-person singular simple present denotes, present participle denoting, simple past and past participle denoted)
* (transitive) To indicate; to mark.
    The yellow blazes denote the trail.
** c. 1599-1602, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, act 1, scene 2; republished as Hamlet, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1992, →ISBN, page 9:together with all forms, moods, shapes of grief, that can denote me truly
** 1951 January, “The Why and the Wherefore: Locomotive Markings”, in Railway Magazine, page 73:The letters "SC" inscribed on the smokebox door of a locomotive denote that it is fitted with a self-cleaning smokebox.
** 1982 December 25, J. Grainger, “Gay-by-Gay Calendars at a Glance”, in Gay Community News, volume 10, number 23, page 9:You'll find the usual holidays — Christmas and New Year's — denoted on this and other feminist calendars and even Jewish holy days and lunar phases, but Lesbian/Gay Pride Day is noticeably (and sadly) absent.
* (transitive) To make overt. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
* (transitive) To refer to literally; to convey as objective meaning.
    Coordinate terms: connote, evoke, allude
    The prefix pre- denotes "before", as in preview.

#### Derived terms

* denotability
* denotable
* denotation
* denotative
* denotatory
* denotee
* denotement
* denotive
* undenoted

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* connote

## Portuguese
### Verb

denote
* inflection of denotar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /deˈnote/ [d̪eˈno.t̪e]
* Rhymes: -ote
* Syllabification: de‧no‧te

### Verb

denote
* inflection of denotar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
# wytrzewiać
## Polish
### Etymology

From wytrzewić +‎ -ać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɘˈtʂɛ.vjat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛvjat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: wy‧trze‧wiać

### Verb

wytrzewiać impf (perfective wytrzewić)
* (transitive) to disembowel, to embowel, to eviscerate, to gut
    Synonyms: bebeszyć, patroszyć, wybebeszać, wyflaczać, wywnętrzać

#### Related terms

* trzewa
* trzewia

### Further reading

* wytrzewiać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# 사자좌
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 獅子座.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰa̠d͡ʑa̠d͡ʑwa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [사자좌]

### Proper noun

사자좌 • (Sajajwa) (hanja 獅子座)
* (astronomy) Leo

### See also

Zodiac signs in Korean · 황도 십이궁(黃道十二宮) (Hwangdo sibigung) (layout · text) :
| 양(羊)자리 (Yangjari) 모양(牡羊)자리 (Moyangjari) 백양궁(白羊宮) (Baegyanggung) | 황소자리 (Hwangsojari) 모우(牡牛)자리 (Moujari) 모우좌(牡牛座) (Moujwa) 금우궁(金牛宮) (Geumugung) | 쌍(雙)둥이자리 (Ssangdung'ijari) 쌍아궁(雙兒宮) (Ssang'agung) 쌍자궁(雙子宮) (Ssangjagung) | 게자리 (Gejari) 거해궁(巨蟹宮) (Geohaegung) |
| 사자(獅子)자리 (Sajajari) 사자궁(獅子宮) (Sajagung) 사자좌(獅子座) (Sajajwa) 예좌(猊座) (Yejwa) | 처녀(處女)자리 (Cheonyeojari) 처녀궁(處女宮) (Cheonyeogung) 처녀성좌(處女星座) (Cheonyeoseongjwa) 쌍녀궁(雙女宮) (Ssangnyeogung) | 천칭(天秤)자리 (Cheonchingjari) 천칭궁(天秤宮) (Cheonchinggung) 천칭좌(天秤座) (Cheonchingjwa) 저울자리 (Jeouljari) | 전갈(全蠍)자리 (Jeon'galjari) 천갈궁(天蠍宮) (Cheon'galgung) 전갈좌(全蠍座) (Jeon'galjwa) |
| 궁수(弓手)자리 (Gungsujari) 사수(射手)자리 (Sasujari) 인마궁(人馬宮) (Inmagung) 기사궁(騎射宮) (Gisagung) | 염소자리 (Yeomsojari) 산양(山羊)자리 (Sanyangjari) 산양좌(山羊座) (Sanyangjwa) 마갈궁(磨羯宮) (Magalgung) | 물병(甁)자리 (Mulbyeongjari) 수병(水甁)자리 (Subyeongjari) 수병좌(水甁座) (Subyeongjwa) 보병궁(寶甁宮) (Bobyeonggung) | 물고기자리 (Mulgogijari) 쌍어궁(雙魚宮) (Ssang'eogung) 어좌(魚座) (Eojwa) |
# organizacional
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /oʁ.ɡa.ni.za.si.oˈnaw/ [oɦ.ɡa.ni.za.sɪ.oˈnaʊ̯], (faster pronunciation) /oʁ.ɡa.ni.za.sjoˈnaw/ [oɦ.ɡa.ni.za.sjoˈnaʊ̯]
* (Brazil) IPA: /oʁ.ɡa.ni.za.si.oˈnaw/ [oɦ.ɡa.ni.za.sɪ.oˈnaʊ̯], (faster pronunciation) /oʁ.ɡa.ni.za.sjoˈnaw/ [oɦ.ɡa.ni.za.sjoˈnaʊ̯]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /oɾ.ɡa.ni.za.si.oˈnaw/ [oɾ.ɡa.ni.za.sɪ.oˈnaʊ̯], (faster pronunciation) /oɾ.ɡa.ni.za.sjoˈnaw/ [oɾ.ɡa.ni.za.sjoˈnaʊ̯]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /oʁ.ɡa.ni.za.si.oˈnaw/ [oʁ.ɡa.ni.za.sɪ.oˈnaʊ̯], (faster pronunciation) /oʁ.ɡa.ni.za.sjoˈnaw/ [oʁ.ɡa.ni.za.sjoˈnaʊ̯]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /oɻ.ɡa.ni.za.si.oˈnaw/ [oɻ.ɡa.ni.za.sɪ.oˈnaʊ̯], (faster pronunciation) /oɻ.ɡa.ni.za.sjoˈnaw/ [oɻ.ɡa.ni.za.sjoˈnaʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɔɾ.ɡɐ.ni.zɐ.sjuˈnal/ [ɔɾ.ɣɐ.ni.zɐ.sjuˈnaɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɔɾ.ɡɐ.ni.zɐ.sjuˈnal/ [ɔɾ.ɣɐ.ni.zɐ.sjuˈnaɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ɔɾ.ɡɐ.ni.zɐ.sjuˈna.li/ [ɔɾ.ɣɐ.ni.zɐ.sjuˈna.li]
* Hyphenation: or‧ga‧ni‧za‧ci‧o‧nal

### Adjective

organizacional m or f (plural organizacionais)
* organizational (of, relating to or produced by an organization)

## Spanish
### Adjective

organizacional m or f (masculine and feminine plural organizacionales)
* organizational

#### Derived terms

* organizacionalmente

### Further reading

* “organizacional”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# ventilatie
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Latin ventilatio, perhaps via English ventilation. Equivalent to ventileren +‎ -atie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɛn.tiˈlaː.(t)si/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ven‧ti‧la‧tie
* Rhymes: -aːtsi

### Noun

ventilatie f (plural ventilaties, diminutive ventilatietje n)
* ventilation (replacement of stale air with fresh)
    Synonym: luchtverversing
* (obsolete) ventilation (exchange of views during a discussion)
* (obsolete) (public exposure of an issue or topic)

#### Related terms

* ventilator
* ventileren

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: ventilasi

### References

* van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “ventilatie”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
# camas
## English
### Etymology 1

Perhaps from Chinook Jargon qamaš, qawaš (“camas”), from Nootka qawaš (“camas”), or perhaps from Nez Perce qém̓es (“camas”).

#### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˈkæmɪs/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -æmɪs

#### Noun

camas (plural camases or camas)
* Any of the North American flowering plants of the genus Camassia.
** 1942, Emily Carr, “James' Bay and Dallas Road”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:There were stretches of fine, soft grass on the cliffs and great patches of camass and buttercups.

##### Alternative forms

* cammas, camass, quamash

##### Derived terms

* Camas County
* camas pocket gopher
* camas rat
* death camas

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From cama +‎ -s.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑːməz/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

#### Noun

camas
* plural of cama

### Anagrams

* AACSM

## French
### Verb

camas
* second-person singular past historic of camer

## Galician
### Noun

camas
* plural of cama

## Latin
### Noun

camās
* accusative plural of cama

## Norman
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

camas m (uncountable)
* (Guernsey) noise

## Portuguese
### Noun

camas
* plural of cama

## Spanish
### Noun

camas f pl
* plural of cama
# włodarz
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish włodarz, from Proto-Slavic *voldařь, from *volsti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvwɔ.daʂ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔdaʂ
* Syllabification: wło‧darz

### Noun

włodarz m pers
* master, ruler, overlord
* (historical) steward
    Synonyms: ekonom, zarządca

#### Derived terms

* włodarzyć

#### Related terms

* władczy
* władny
* władca
* władza
* włość
* władać

### Further reading

* włodarz in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# laikuttaa
## Finnish
### Etymology

laikku +‎ -ttaa

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɑi̯kutːɑːˣ/, [ˈlɑ̝i̯kut̪ːɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ɑikutːɑː
* Hyphenation: lai‧kut‧taa

### Verb

laikuttaa
* (transitive, forestry) to remove sections of topsoil in patches or spots, to screef

#### Derived terms

* laikuttaminen
* laikutus

### Further reading

* “laikuttaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* alittukaa, kalatauti, kilauttaa, laitakatu
# léčebný
## Czech
### Etymology

From léčba +‎ -ný.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlɛːt͡ʃɛbniː]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

léčebný
* therapeutic (of, or relating to therapy)
    Synonym: terapeutický

#### Related terms

* léčivý
* lék

### Further reading

* “léčebný”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “léčebný”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “léčebný”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# cloquera
## French
### Verb

cloquera
* third-person singular simple future of cloquer

## Spanish
### Noun

cloquera f (plural cloqueras)
* broodiness
    Synonym: cloquez

#### Related terms

* clocar
* clueco

### Further reading

* “cloquera”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# kontlikker
## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* k*ntlikker (censored)

### Etymology

From kont (“butt, arse”) +‎ likker (“licker”) or kontlikken (“to kiss ass, brownnose”) +‎ -er. Parallel to French lèche-cul.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

kontlikker m (plural kontlikkers, diminutive kontlikkertje n)
* (vulgar) sycophant, arse-kisser, shameless or even slavish flatterer
    Synonym: gatlikker

#### Derived terms

* kontlikkerij
# episodial
## English
### Etymology

From episode +‎ -ial.

### Adjective

episodial (comparative more episodial, superlative most episodial)
* episodic
    episodial excitement
    episodial portion of the narrative
    episodial pain

#### Derived terms

* episodially

### References

* “episodial”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* apsidiole
# widower
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English widwer, equivalent to widow +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˈwɪdoʊɚ/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

widower (plural widowers)
* A man whose spouse has died (and who has not remarried); a man in relation to his late spouse; masculine of widow. [from 14th c.]
** 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XIII, page 20:Tears of the widower, when he sees ⁠A late-lost form that sleep reveals, ⁠And moves his doubtful arms, and feels Her place is empty, fall like these; […]
** 1988 April 2, Lori Kenschaft, “Film on lovers of PWAs in works”, in Gay Community News, page 6:What happens to the lovers of people with AIDS? How do they experience the passage from lover to caregiver to "widower"?

#### Derived terms

* grass widower

#### Related terms

* widow
* widowerhood

#### Translations
### References

* James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Widower”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume X, Part 2 (V–Z), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 114, column 1.
# contracultura
## Portuguese
### Etymology

Calque of English counterculture, from contra- +‎ cultura.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kõ.tɾa.kuwˈtu.ɾɐ/ [kõ.tɾa.kuʊ̯ˈtu.ɾɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /kõ.tɾa.kuwˈtu.ɾɐ/ [kõ.tɾa.kuʊ̯ˈtu.ɾɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /kõ.tɾa.kuwˈtu.ɾa/ [kõ.tɾa.kuʊ̯ˈtu.ɾa]
* (Portugal) IPA: /kõ.tɾɐ.kulˈtu.ɾɐ/ [kõ.tɾɐ.kuɫˈtu.ɾɐ]
* Hyphenation: con‧tra‧cul‧tu‧ra

### Noun

contracultura f (plural contraculturas)
* counterculture (any culture whose values and lifestyles are opposed to those of the mainstream culture)

### Further reading

* “contracultura”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Calque of English counterculture; contra- +‎ cultura.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kontɾakulˈtuɾa/ [kõn̪.t̪ɾa.kul̪ˈt̪u.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -uɾa
* Syllabification: con‧tra‧cul‧tu‧ra

### Noun

contracultura f (plural contraculturas)
* counterculture (any culture whose values and lifestyles are opposed to those of the mainstream culture)

#### Related terms

* contracultural

### Further reading

* “contracultura”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# rosarium
## English
### Etymology

From Latin rosārium. Doublet of rosary and Rosario.

### Noun

rosarium (plural rosariums or rosaria)
* A rose-garden. [from 19th c.]

## Latin
### Etymology

From rosa (“rose”) +‎ -ārium (“place for, object for”). In the “rosary” sense, from metaphorical use of rosa to mean a prayer or devotion.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /roˈsaː.ri.um/, [rɔˈs̠äːriʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /roˈsa.ri.um/, [roˈs̬äːrium]

### Noun

rosārium n (genitive rosāriī or rosārī); second declension
* a rose-garden
* (Ecclesiastical Latin) a rosary

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Related terms

* rosa
* rosārius

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: rosari
* → English: rosary
* → Esperanto: rozario
* → French: rosaire
* → Galician: rosario
* → Italian: rosario, Rosario
* → Portuguese: rosário
** → Japanese: ロザリオ (rozario)
** → Malay: rosario
*** Indonesian: rosario
* → Romanian: rozariu
* → Russian: розарий (rozarij)
* → Sicilian: rusariu, Rusariu, Saru
* → Spanish: rosario
** → Bikol Central: rosaryo
** → Cebuano: rosaryo
** > Chavacano: rosario (inherited)
** → Hiligaynon: rosaryo
** → Ilocano: rosario
** → Kapampangan: rusariu
** → Pangasinan: rosario
** → Pochutec: luxalyuʹ
** → Tagalog: rosaryo
* → Spanish: Rosario
** → Cebuano: Rosario
** → English: Rosario
** → Tagalog: Rosario

### References

* “rosarium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* rosarium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* rosarium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* rosarium in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
# ವಚನ
## Kannada
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वचन (vacana).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋɐt͡ʃɐn̪ɐ/

### Noun

ವಚನ • (vacana)
* speaking, uttering, reciting, declaring, ordering; mentioning; naming
* a speech, word, expression, utterance, sentence, message; declaration, affirmation, promise
* pronunciation
* a text, dictum, aphorism, rule, precept, passage of a book or code
* a form of composition; prose form
* (grammar) meaning of a word
* (grammar) grammatical number

#### Declension

| Case/Form | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | ವಚನವು (vacanavu) | ವಚನಗಳು (vacanagaḷu) |
| Accusative | ವಚನವನ್ನು (vacanavannu) | ವಚನಗಳನ್ನು (vacanagaḷannu) |
| Instrumental | ವಚನದಿಂದ (vacanadinda) | ವಚನಗಳಿಂದ (vacanagaḷinda) |
| Dative | ವಚನಕ್ಕೆ (vacanakke) | ವಚನಗಳಿಗೆ (vacanagaḷige) |
| Genitive | ವಚನದ (vacanada) | ವಚನಗಳ (vacanagaḷa) |

#### Derived terms

* ವಚನತ್ರಯ (vacanatraya)
* ವಚನತ್ರಿತಯ (vacanatritaya)
* ವಚನದೋಷ (vacanadōṣa)
* ವಚನಭ್ರಷ್ಟ (vacanabhraṣṭa)
* ವಚನಮಾತ್ರ (vacanamātra)
* ವಚನವಿರೋಧ (vacanavirōdha)
* ವಚನಸ್ಥ (vacanastha)

### References

* Kittel, Ferdinand (1894) “ವಚನ”, in Kittel's Kannada-English dictionary, Madras: University of Madras, published 1968-1971