# kovati
## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kovati.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈkoʋaci/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈkovaci/

### Verb

kovati impf
* to forge, to hammer
    kovati zradu ― to prepare a betrayal

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | supine | verbal noun |
| kovati | kovat | kovánie |
| | Present | Present | Present | Imperative | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | kuju | kujevě (-va) | kujem (-me/-my) | – | kujvě (-va) | kujme (-my) |
| 2nd person | kuješ | kujeta | kujete | kuj | kujta | kujte |
| 3rd person | kuje | kujeta | kujú | kuj | kujta | kujte |
| | Sigmatic aorist | Sigmatic aorist | Sigmatic aorist | Imperfect | Imperfect | Imperfect |
| | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| 1st person | kovach | kovachově (-va) | kovachom (-me/-my) | kovách, kujiech | kováchově, kujiechově (-va) | kováchom, kujiechom (-me/-my) |
| 2nd person | kova | kovasta (-šta) | kovaste (-šte) | kováše, kujieše | kovášta, kujiešta (-sta) | kovášte, kujiešte (-ste) |
| 3rd person | kova | kovasta (-šta) | kovachu | kováše, kujieše | kovášta, kujiešta (-sta) | kováchu, kujiechu |
| | L-participle | L-participle | L-participle | Passive participle | Passive participle | Passive participle |
| | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Masculine | koval | kovala | kovali | kován | kována | kováni |
| Feminine | kovala | kovale | kovaly | kována | kováně | kovány |
| Neuter | kovalo | kovale | kovala | kováno | kováně | kována |
| | Nt-participle | Nt-participle | Nt-participle | S-participle | S-participle | S-participle |
| | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Masculine | kujě | kujúce | kujúce | kovav | kovavše | kovavše |
| Feminine | kujúci | kujúce | kujúce | kovavši | kovavše | kovavše |
| Neuter | kujě, kujúci | kujúce | kujúce | kovav, kovavši | kovavše | kovavše |
Note: This table shows the most common forms of kovati around the 13th/14th century. See also Appendix:Old Czech verbs and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

#### Derived terms

* kov
* kovadlina
* kovadlník
* kovatel
* kovač
* kovárna
* kovář
* podkova

#### Descendants

* Czech: kovat, kout

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kovati”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kovati, analogical form of *kuti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kǒʋati/
* Hyphenation: ko‧va‧ti

### Verb

kòvati impf (Cyrillic spelling ко̀вати)
* (transitive) to forge
* (transitive) to mint, coin
* (transitive) to plot, hatch

#### Derived terms

* iskòvati
* nakòvati
* okòvati
* otkòvati
* potkòvati
* prekòvati
* prikòvati
* raskòvati
* skòvati
* ukòvati
* zakòvati

#### Related terms

* kòvāč

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kovati, analogical form of *kuti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔʋàːti/

### Verb

kováti impf
* to forge

#### Derived terms

* nakováti
* okováti
* podkováti
* skováti
* zakováti

### Further reading

* “kovati”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025