OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# σπέρχω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sperǵʰ- (“to move energetically, hurry, spring”), the same root of Sanskrit स्पृहयति (spṛháyati, “to be eager”), Proto-Germanic *springaną (“to burst forth”) and Lithuanian spreñgti (“to push (in)”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /spér.kʰɔː/ → /ˈsper.xo/ → /ˈsper.xo/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /spér.kʰɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈsper.kʰo/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈsper.xo/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈsper.xo/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈsper.xo/

### Verb

σπέρχω • (spérkhō)
* to set in rapid motion, haste, hurry
* (figuratively) to be hasty of temper

#### Derived terms

* ἀσπερχές (asperkhés)
* ἐπῐσπέρχω (epĭspérkhō)
* κᾰτᾰσπέρχω (kătăspérkhō)
* περῐσπέρχω (perĭspérkhō)
* σπερχνός (sperkhnós)
* σπερχῠλλᾰ́δην (sperkhŭllắdēn)

### Further reading

* “σπέρχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “σπέρχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “σπέρχω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* σπέρχω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* σπέρχω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σπέρχομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# indiański
## Polish
### Etymology

From Indianin +‎ -ski.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /inˈdjaɲ.ski/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aɲski
* Syllabification: in‧diań‧ski

### Adjective

indiański (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational) Indian (of or relating to the indigenous peoples of the Americas)

#### Declension

$^1$Archaic.

#### Related terms

* Indianin
* Indianka

### Further reading

* indiański in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* indiański in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Stary Świat
## Polish
### Etymology

Literally, “Old World”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsta.rɘ ˈɕfjat/
* Audio:(file)
* Syllabification: Sta‧ry Świat

### Proper noun

Stary Świat m inan
* (literary, retronym) Old World
    Antonym: Nowy Świat
    Meronym: Stary Kontynent

#### Related terms

* staroświecki

### Further reading

* Stary Świat in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* Stary Świat in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Unterzeichnung
## German
### Etymology

unterzeichnen +‎ -ung

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˌʔʊntɐˈtsaɪ̯çnʊŋ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Un‧ter‧zeich‧nung

### Noun

Unterzeichnung f (genitive Unterzeichnung, plural Unterzeichnungen)
* signing

#### Derived terms

* Unterzeichnungstermin

#### Related terms

* Bezeichnung (“denomination, name, term; denotation, representation”)
* Gegenzeichnung (“countersign, countersignature; countersigning”)
* Überzeichnung

#### See also

* Unterschrift

### Further reading

* “Unterzeichnung” in Duden online
* “Unterzeichnung” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# mandinga
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /mɐ̃ˈd͡ʒĩ.ɡɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /mɐ̃ˈd͡ʒĩ.ɡɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /mɐ̃ˈd͡ʒĩ.ɡa/
* (Portugal) IPA: /mɐ̃ˈdĩ.ɡɐ/
* Rhymes: -ĩɡɐ
* Hyphenation: man‧din‧ga

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Mandinka Mandinka (“someone from Mande”), from Mandiŋ (“Mande”) + -ka (“inhabitant suffix”).

#### Noun

mandinga m or f by sense (plural mandingas)
* Mandinka

#### Noun

mandinga f (plural mandingas)
* magic, sorcery, witchcraft
    Synonyms: feitiço, magia, manipanço
* (informal, figuratively) difficult, trouble

##### Related terms

* mandingar
* mandingaria
* mandingueiro

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

mandinga
* inflection of mandingar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “mandinga”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “mandinga”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Mandinka Mandinka (“someone from Mande”), from Mandiŋ (“Mande”) + -ka (“inhabitant suffix”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /manˈdinɡa/ [mãn̪ˈd̪ĩŋ.ɡa]
* Rhymes: -inɡa
* Syllabification: man‧din‧ga

### Adjective

mandinga m or f (masculine and feminine plural mandingas or mandinga)
* Mandinka

### Noun

mandinga m or f by sense (plural mandingas or mandinga)
* Mandinka
* (South America) the Devil

### Further reading

* “mandinga”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* Mandinga_(mitología) on the Spanish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{es}$
# ekologo
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house”) + -λογία (-logía, “study of”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ekoˈloɡo]
* Rhymes: -oɡo
* Hyphenation: e‧ko‧lo‧go

### Noun

ekologo (accusative singular ekologon, plural ekologoj, accusative plural ekologojn)
* ecologist

#### Derived terms

* ekologia
* ekologiismo
* ekologiisto
* ekologio
* paleoekologio
* paleoekologo
* radioekologio
# braving
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɹeɪvɪŋ/

### Adjective

braving (comparative more braving, superlative most braving)
* (archaic) Daring; defiant.
** 1667 March 25 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Samuel Pepys, Mynors Bright, transcriber, “March 15th, 1666–1667”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, The Diary of Samuel Pepys […], volume (please specify |volume=I to X), London: George Bell & Sons […]; Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co., published 1893–1899, →OCLC:agree […] in a most braving manner

#### Derived terms

* bravingly

### Verb

braving
* present participle and gerund of brave

### Noun

braving (plural bravings)
* A bravado; a boast.
** 1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC:With so proud a strain / Of threats and bravings.The spelling has been modernized.
# morfogenetico
## Italian
### Etymology

From morfo- +‎ -genetico.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mor.fo.d͡ʒeˈnɛ.ti.ko/
* Rhymes: -ɛtiko
* Hyphenation: mor‧fo‧ge‧nè‧ti‧co

### Adjective

morfogenetico (feminine morfogenetica, masculine plural morfogenetici, feminine plural morfogenetiche)
* (biology) morphogenic, morphogenetic

#### Related terms

* morfogenesi
* morfogeno

### Further reading

* morfogenetico in Aldo Gabrielli, Grandi Dizionario Italiano (Hoepli)
* morfogenetico in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa
* morfogenètico in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
* morfogenètico in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
# ir a misa
## Spanish
### Verb

ir a misa (first-person singular present voy a misa, first-person singular preterite fui a misa, past participle ido a misa)
* (literally) to go to Mass (Anglican ceremony), to go to mass (Catholic ceremony), to go to church (Protestant ceremony)
* (idiomatic) to be undisputed, to be indisputable, to be undeniable, to go
    Yo soy quien manda aquí, y lo que yo digo va a misa.I call the shots around here and what I say goes.

#### Related terms

* decir misa

### Further reading

* “ir a misa algo que se dice”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# ofshë
## Albanian
### Etymology

From ofsh (“glow, heat; groan”) +‎ -ë.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈofʃə/
* Rhymes: -ofʃə
* Hyphenation: óf‧shë

### Noun

ofshë f (plural ófsha, definite ófsha, definite plural ófshat)
* damnation, curse
    Synonyms: nëmë, mallkim, ofshamë

#### Related terms

* ofsh
* ofshaj
* ofshamë
* ofshëtij

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ofshë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 306

### Further reading

* “ofshë”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎ (in Albanian), 1980
* “ofshë”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* Mann, S. E. (1948) “ofsh!”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 333
# коляйопреводнїк
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

From коляй (koljaj) +‎ -о- (-o-) +‎ преводнїк (prevodnjik).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɔʎajɔprɛˈvɔɟɲik]
* Rhymes: -ɔɟɲik
* Hyphenation: ко‧ля‧йо‧пре‧вод‧нїк

### Noun

коляйопреводнїк (koljajoprevodnjik) m pers
* (rail transport) switchman, pointsman

#### Related terms

* коляйопреводнїца f (koljajoprevodnjica)

### Further reading

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “коляйопреводнїк”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
# желєзнїца
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from late Old Slovak železnica. By surface analysis, желєзо (željezo) +‎ -нїца (-njica). Cognate with Slovak železnica.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʒɛʎɛzˈɲit͡sa]
* Rhymes: -it͡sa
* Hyphenation: же‧лєз‧нї‧ца

### Noun

желєзнїца (željeznjica) f (related adjective желєзнїцки)
* railroad, railway

#### Related terms

* желєзнїчар m pers (željeznjičar)

### Further reading

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “желєзнїца”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
# amalgamat
## Polish
### Etymology

From amalgam +‎ -at. First attested in 1807.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.malˈɡa.mat/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -amat
* Syllabification: a‧mal‧ga‧mat

### Noun

amalgamat m inan
* (metallurgy) amalgam (alloy containing mercury)
    Synonyms: amalgam, ortęć
    tworzyć amalgamat ― to create an amalgam
* (literary) amalgam (combination of different things)
    Synonyms: aliaż, amalgam, melanż, mieszanina, mieszanka

#### Derived terms

* amalgamatowy

#### Related terms

* amalgam
* amalgamacja
* amalgamować

### References

* ↑ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “amalgamat”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
* ↑ Jędrzej Śniadecki (1807) Początki chemii dla uzycia słuchaczow akademickich ułozone : 2 tomy in 8vo z figurami. T. 1‎ (in Polish), page 456

### Further reading

* amalgamat in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* amalgamat in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “amalgamat”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 29

## Romanian
### Etymology

Past participle of amalgama.

### Adjective

amalgamat m or n (feminine singular amalgamată, masculine plural amalgamați, feminine and neuter plural amalgamate)
* amalgamated
# námořník
## Czech
### Etymology

From ná- +‎ moře +‎ -ník.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnaːmor̝ɲiːk]
* Hyphenation: ná‧moř‧ník

### Noun

námořník m anim (female equivalent námořnice, relational adjective námořnický)
* sailor, seaman
    Synonym: mariňák

#### Hyponyms

* kapitán (“captain”)
* kormidelník (“helmsman”)
* navigátor (“navigator”)
* námořní důstojník (“naval officer”)
* strojník (“engineer”)

#### Derived terms

* námořnictví n
* námořnictvo n
* námořníkův

#### Related terms

* námořní

#### See also

* lodník m anim

### Further reading

* “námořník”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “námořník”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “námořník”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# upejpat
## Czech
### Etymology

Probably related to piplat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈupɛjpat]

### Verb

upejpat impf
* (reflexive with se, colloquial) to be bashful, to be shy, to hesitate
    Synonym: zdráhat se
    Neupejpej se! ― Don't be shy!

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | upejpat, upejpati | Active adjective | upejpající |
| Verbal noun | upejpání | Passive adjective | — |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | upejpám | upejpáme | — | upejpejme |
| 2nd person | upejpáš | upejpáte | upejpej | upejpejte |
| 3rd person | upejpá | upejpají | — | — |
* The future tense: a combination of a future form of být + infinitive upejpat.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | upejpal | upejpali | — | — |
| masculine inanimate | upejpal | upejpaly | — | — |
| feminine | upejpala | upejpaly | — | — |
| neuter | upejpalo | upejpala | — | — |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | upejpaje | — |
| feminine + neuter singular | upejpajíc | — |
| plural | upejpajíce | — |

#### Related terms

* upejpavost
* upejpavý

### Further reading

* “upejpat”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# volný
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *volьnъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvolniː]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

volný (comparative volnější, superlative nejvolnější, adverb volně)
* free (not imprisoned)
* free, free of charge (obtainable without payment)
    Synonym: bezplatný
    Antonym: placený
* (logic, programming, mathematics) free (unconstrained, not bound)
    Antonym: vázaný
* loose
    Antonym: těsný

#### Derived terms

* volná proměnná f
* volnost f
* volný pád m
* volný trh m

#### Related terms

* uvolněný m

### Further reading

* “volný”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “volný”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “volný”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# vlieszaad
## Dutch
### Etymology

From vlies +‎ zaad.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

vlieszaad n (plural vlieszaden, diminutive vlieszaadje n)
* a bugseed; any plant of genus Corispermum
    Hypernym: amarantenfamilie
    Hyponyms: breed vlieszaad, smal vlieszaad

#### Derived terms

* breed vlieszaad
* smal vlieszaad

### Further reading

* vlieszaad on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# capillaropathy
## English
### Etymology

From capillaro- +‎ -pathy.

### Noun

capillaropathy (plural capillaropathies)
* (pathology) Any disease of the capillaries

#### Synonyms

* microangiopathy

#### Derived terms

* capillaropathic
# rewelacyjny
## Polish
### Etymology

From rewelacja +‎ -ny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɛ.vɛ.laˈt͡sɘj.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘjnɘ
* Syllabification: re‧we‧la‧cyj‧ny

### Adjective

rewelacyjny (not comparable, derived adverb rewelacyjnie)
* awesome, rare, sensational (exceptionally great)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:dobry

#### Derived terms

* rewelacyjność

### Further reading

* rewelacyjny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* rewelacyjny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# otrok
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech otrok, from Proto-Slavic *otrokъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈotrok]

### Noun

otrok m anim (female equivalent otrokyně)
* slave

#### Related terms

* otrocky
* otroctví n
* otročit
* otrokář m

#### See also

* nevolník m

### Further reading

* “otrok”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “otrok”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “otrok”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otrokъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈotrok/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈotrok/

### Noun

otrok m pers (female equivalent otrokyni)
* slave, serf
* servant, labourer

#### Derived terms

* otročiti
* otročstvie
* otročstvo

#### Related terms

* prorok
* rok

#### Descendants

* Czech: otrok

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “otrok”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otrokъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɔ.trɔk/
* (Masovia):
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /ˈɔ.trɔk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔtrɔk
* Syllabification: o‧trok

### Noun

otrok m pers
* (obsolete, dialectal) servant, slave
* (obsolete, dialectal) boy, youngster
* (Far Masovian) husband
    Synonym: mąż

#### Declension
### Further reading

* otrok in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Antoni Waga (1860) “otrok”, in “Abecadłowy spis wyrazów ludowego języka w okolicach Łomży, Wizny i przyległych”, in Kazimierz Władysław Wóycicki, editor, Biblioteka Warszawska (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 756

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak otrok, from Proto-Slavic *otrokъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɔtrɔk]

### Noun

otrok m pers (female equivalent otrokyňa, relational adjective otrocký)
* slave
    Synonyms: nevoľník, (literary) rab, (dialectal) rob

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “otrok”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *otrokъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔtrɔ́k/

### Noun

otrȍk m anim
* child (one’s son or daughter)

#### Derived terms

* otročȅ

### Further reading

* “otrok”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025
# 𗋴

| 𗋴 | U+172F4, &#94964; TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-172F4 |
| ← 𗋳 [U+172F3] | Tangut | 𗋵 → [U+172F5] |

## Tangut
### Pronunciation

* (Miyake 2019): *⁰??$_?$

### Definitions

𗋴 (radical 𘠣+10, 12 strokes, composition ⿲𘠣𘡵𘦢)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 𗕄𗋴 (*rjir² ?)

### References

* 𗙏𘙰 [*ɣiẹ² lew², Tóngyīn / Homophones] (in Tangut), 12th c.:
   * A edition: folio 34B, column 5, character 1
   * B edition: folio 35A, column 4, character 6
* Li Fanwen (2012) 簡明夏漢字典 [Concise Xia-Han Dictionary] (in Chinese), revised edition, character 3548
* Miyake, Marc (2019) “Tangut Phonetic Database 4.0”, in amritas.com
* Kychanov, Yevgeny (2006) Словарь тангутского (Си Ся) языка [Slovarʹ tangutskovo (Si Sja) jazyka, Dictionary of the Tangut (Xi Xia) Language] (in Russian), character 2095-0
* Sofronov, Mikhail Viktorovich (1968) Грамматика тангутского языка [Grammatika tangutskovo jazyka, Grammar of the Tangut Language] (in Russian), character 4195
* Nishida, Tatsuo (1966) 西夏文小字典 [Little Dictionary of Tangut] (in Japanese), character 181-109
# proletarização
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From proletarizar +‎ -ção.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /pɾo.le.ta.ɾi.zaˈsɐ̃w̃/ [pɾo.le.ta.ɾi.zaˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃]
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɾu.lɨ.tɐ.ɾi.zɐˈsɐ̃w̃/
* Hyphenation: pro‧le‧ta‧ri‧za‧ção

### Noun

proletarização f (plural proletarizações)
* proletarianization (act or process of making somebody or something proletarian)
* (economics) proletarianization (social process whereby people become employed as wage labour by employers)

#### Related terms

* prole
* proletariado
* proletário
* proletarizar

### Further reading

* “proletarização”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “proletarização”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “proletarização”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# ambisi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch ambitie, from Middle French ambition, from Latin ambitiō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [amˈbisi]
* Hyphenation: am‧bi‧si

### Noun

ambisi (uncountable)
* ambition

#### Derived terms

* berambisi
* seambisi

#### Related terms

* ambisius

### Further reading

* “ambisi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch ambitie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈmbisi/, [a̠ˈmbisi], [ɑ̟ˈmbisi]

### Noun

ambisi
* ambition
# fumiar
## Asturian
### Alternative forms

* afumiar, afumar

### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *fūmizāre. Derivable from fumu +‎ -iar. Compare Portuguese fumear, Spanish humear.

### Verb

fumiar (first-person singular indicative present fumio, past participle fumiáu)
* to smoke (give off smoke)
    Synonym: fumar

#### Related terms

* afumar
* fumar
* fumu
# Geschichtsbuch
## German
### Etymology

From Geschichte +‎ -s- +‎ Buch.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡəˈʃɪçtsbuːx]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Ge‧schichts‧buch

### Noun

Geschichtsbuch n (strong, genitive Geschichtsbuches or Geschichtsbuchs, plural Geschichtsbücher)
* history book

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

#### Related terms

* Geschichtsfälschung
* Geschichtslehrer
* Geschichtsquelle
* Geschichtsschreibung
* Märchenbuch
* Sagenbuch

### Further reading

* “Geschichtsbuch” in Duden online
# ժանգ
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian ժանգ (žang).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ʒɑnɡ/, [ʒɑŋɡ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ʒɑnk/, [ʒɑŋkʰ]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

ժանգ • (žang)
* rust

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* ժանկ (žank)

### Etymology

An Iranian borrowing: compare Persian ژنگ (žang), زنگ (zang, “rust”) and see it for more.

### Noun

ժանգ • (žang)
* rust
** 5th century, Bible, Ezekiel 24.6:Վասն այնորիկ այսպէս ասէ Ադոնայի Տէր․ Ո՛վ քաղաք արեանց, կաթսայ լի ժանգով, եւ ժանգն ի նմանէ ոչ պարզեցաւ […] Vasn aynorik ayspēs asē Adonayi Tēr; Óv kʻałakʻ areancʻ, katʻsay li žangov, ew žangn i nmanē očʻ parzecʻaw […]Therefore, thus says the Lord GOD, "Woe to the bloody city, To the pot in which there is rust And whose rust has not gone out of it! […]
* moss
    Synonyms: մամուռ (mamuṙ), քարաքոս (kʻarakʻos)
* rust, rubigo (disease of plants caused by a reddish-brown fungus)
    Synonym: երեւիլ (erewil)
* cancer
    Synonym: քաղցկեղ (kʻałcʻkeł)
* venom, poison
    Synonyms: մահադեղ (mahadeł), թոյն (tʻoyn), ժահր (žahr)
* (figuratively, religion) heretical sect

#### Derived terms

* անժանգ (anžang)
* երկաթաժանգ (erkatʻažang)
* ժանգաբեր (žangaber)
* ժանգաբուղխ (žangabułx)
* ժանգալից (žangalicʻ)
* ժանգախառն (žangaxaṙn)
* ժանգախառնեալ (žangaxaṙneal)
* ժանգակեր (žangaker)
* ժանգակիր (žangakir)
* ժանգահամ (žangaham)
* ժանգահար (žangahar)
* ժանգահարեալ (žangahareal)
* ժանգահաւատ (žangahawat)
* ժանգահոտութիւն (žangahotutʻiwn)
* ժանգաջուր (žangaǰur)
* ժանգառ (žangaṙ)
* ժանգատեսիլ (žangatesil)
* ժանգարկու (žangarku)
* ժանգաւոր (žangawor)
* ժանգեմ (žangem)
* ժանգոտ (žangot)
* ժանգոտեմ (žangotem)
* ժանգոտիմ (žangotim)

#### Related terms

* ժանգառ (žangaṙ)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: ժանգ (žang)

### References

* ↑ Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 156
* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “ժանգ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 225–226

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836) “ժանգ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, pages 830–831
* Ġazarean, Ṙubēn (2006) “ժանգ”, in Grabari homanišneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Old Armenian Synonyms], Yerevan: University Press, page 295b
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ժանգ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 236a