# jwn
## Egyptian
### Etymology 1

Perhaps from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *lwn-; compare Arabic لَوْن (lawn, “color, type”), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎐 (ản, “pigment”).

#### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /jaˈwin/ → /jaˈwin/ → /ʔaˈwen/ → /ʔaˈwen/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /jaˈwin/
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /jaˈwin/ (→ IPA: /ʔaˈwin/)
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ʔaˈwen/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ʔaˈwen/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /iuːn/
** Conventional anglicization: iun

#### Noun

m
* color [since the Middle Kingdom]
* complexion, skin color
* (of a god) look, appearance
* character, nature, sort

##### Alternative forms

| jwn | jwn | jwn | jn | jnw | jnmm | jwn | jwn |
| [Middle Kingdom] | [Middle Kingdom] | [18th Dynasty] | [since the 18th Dynasty] | [19th and 20th Dynasty] | [Greco-Roman Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] |
| | | | | | | abbreviation | abbreviation |

##### Derived terms

* jwn-n-pt

##### Descendants

* Demotic: jwn
** Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲟⲩⲉⲛ (eouen)
** Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲟⲩⲁⲛ (aouan)
** Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲟⲩⲏⲛ (aouēn), ⲁⲩⲁⲛ (auan)
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲩⲁⲛ (auan), ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲛ (auein)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /iuːn/
** Conventional anglicization: iun

#### Noun

m
* pillar, column
* one of the mythical pillars seen as holding up the sky
* (figuratively) person upon whom someone or something else depends; crucial supporter, maintainer, sustainer, succorer

##### Alternative forms

| jwn | jwn | jwn | jwn |
| | [18th Dynasty] | [19th Dynasty] | [Greco-Roman Period] |
| | in hieratic |

##### Derived terms

* jwnj
* jwnyt
* jwnw
* jwn-mwt.f
* jwn n fnḏ
* jwn-ḥꜥꜥ
* jwn-knmwt
* jwnt

#### Noun

m
* ‘the Pillar’, ‘the Succorer’ as an epithet for gods, in the Greco-Roman Period especially for Osiris

##### Alternative forms

| jwn | jwn | jwn |

##### Derived terms

* jwnw

#### Noun

m
* air or wind, seen as a support holding up the sky [Pyramid Texts and Greco-Roman Period]

##### Alternative forms

| jwn | jwn |
| [Old Kingdom] | [Greco-Roman Period] |

##### Derived terms

* jwn-wr

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /iuːn/
** Conventional anglicization: iun

#### Verb

3-lit.
* (transitive) to unite (something) (+ n: with (something else)) [Pyramid Texts]
* (intransitive, with n or ḥnꜥ) to join (someone) [Pyramid Texts]
* (in the stative) together [Pyramid Texts]

##### Alternative forms

| jwn | jwn |

### References

* “jwn (lemma ID 22570)”, “jwn (lemma ID 22610)”, “jwn (lemma ID 22620)”, “jwn (lemma ID 22600)”, and “jwn (lemma ID 22590)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 52.7–52.20, 53.3–53.18
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 13
* Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN, page 19
* ↑ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 31, 35