# 廉恥
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liánchǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄔˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lim$^4$ ci$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): liàm-chhṳ́
    (Hailu, HRS): liam chi$^ˊ$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liâm-thí
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liánchǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄔˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liánchǐh
*** Wade–Giles: lien$^2$-chʻih$^3$
*** Yale: lyán-chř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lianchyy
*** Palladius: ляньчи (ljanʹči)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lim$^4$ ci$^2$
*** Yale: lìhm chí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lim$^4$ tsi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lim$^4$ qi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːm²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liàm-chhṳ́
*** Hakka Romanization System: liam$^ˇ$ cii$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: liam$^2$ ci$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /li̯am¹¹ t͡sʰɨ³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: liam chi$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /liam⁵⁵ t͡ʃʰi²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâm-thí
*** Tâi-lô: liâm-thí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liamtie
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liam²⁴⁻²² tʰi⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liam¹³⁻²² tʰi⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liam²⁴⁻²² tʰi⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: ljem trhiX
Rime :
| Character | 廉 | 恥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 徹 (10) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 力鹽切 | 敕里切 |
| Baxter | ljem | trhiX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇm/ | /ʈʰɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛm/ | /ʈʰɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljæm/ | /ȶʰie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liam/ | /ʈʰɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /liɛm/ | /ȶʰiə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭɛm/ | /ȶʰĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯ɛm/ | /ȶʰi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lián | chǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lim$^4$ | ci$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*(k-)rem n̥rəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·rem n̥ʰɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 廉 | 恥 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lián | chǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljem › | ‹ trhi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*(k-)rem/ | /*n̥rəʔ/ |
| English | frugal | shame; ashamed |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 廉 | 恥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 6042 | 2780 |
| Phonetic component | 兼 | 耳 |
| Rime group | 談 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 廉 | 恥 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·rem/ | /*n̥ʰɯʔ/ |

### Noun

廉恥
* integrity and a sense of honour

#### Derived terms

* 勿要廉恥 / 勿要廉耻

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 廉(れん)恥(ち) (renchi)
* → Korean: 렴치(廉恥) (ryeomchi), 염치(廉恥) (yeomchi)
* → Vietnamese: liêm sỉ (廉恥)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 廉 | 恥 |
| れん Grade: S | ち Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɾẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕi]

### Noun

廉(れん)恥(ち) • (renchi)
* sense of honor, integrity

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 廉 | 恥 |

### Proper noun

廉恥 • (yeomchi) (hangeul 염치)
* hanja form of 염치 (“sense of honour”)