OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# nést
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech nésti, from Proto-Slavic *nesti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnɛːst]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

nést impf (perfective donést or ponést)
* to carry
    Antonym: nenést
    Učitel nese sešity. ― The teacher is carrying the exercise books.
    Učitel nese odpovědnost za bezpečnost žáku. ― The teacher is responsible for the safety of the pupils.

#### Usage notes

Nést is in the class of Czech concrete verbs. Its counterpart, nosit, is an abstract verb.

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | nést, nésti | Active adjective | nesoucí |
| Verbal noun | — | Passive adjective | — |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | nesu | neseme | — | nesme |
| 2nd person | neseš | nesete | nes | neste |
| 3rd person | nese | nesou | — | — |
| Future forms | singular | plural |
| 1st person | ponesu | poneseme |
| 2nd person | poneseš | ponesete |
| 3rd person | ponese | ponesou |
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | nesl | nesli | nesen | neseni |
| masculine inanimate | nesl | nesly | nesen | neseny |
| feminine | nesla | nesly | nesena | neseny |
| neuter | neslo | nesla | neseno | nesena |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | nesa | — |
| feminine + neuter singular | nesouc | — |
| plural | nesouce | — |

#### Related terms

* donést
* nadnesený m
* nanést
* nános m
* nesený m
* obnos m
* odnést
* podnos m
* přenést
* přinést
* přínos m
* snesitelný m
* snést
* unést
* únos m
* vnést
* vynést
* vznést
* zanést

### Further reading

* “nésti”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “nésti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “nést”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wīpaną.

### Verb

𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽 • (weipan)
* (hapax) to wreathe, crown

#### Conjugation

Only attested in 3rd-person singular passive indicative present.
Class 1 strong :
| Infinitive | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽 weipan | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽 weipan | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽 weipan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰 weipa | 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍀 waip | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌳𐌰 weipada |
| 2nd singular | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌹𐍃 weipis | 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍄 waipt | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌶𐌰 weipaza |
| 3rd singular | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌹𐌸 weipiþ | 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍀 waip | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌳𐌰 weipada |
| 1st dual | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐍉𐍃 weipōs | 𐍅𐌹𐍀𐌿 wipu | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐍄𐍃 weipats | 𐍅𐌹𐍀𐌿𐍄𐍃 wiputs | — |
| 1st plural | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌼 weipam | 𐍅𐌹𐍀𐌿𐌼 wipum | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 weipanda |
| 2nd plural | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌹𐌸 weipiþ | 𐍅𐌹𐍀𐌿𐌸 wipuþ | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 weipanda |
| 3rd plural | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌳 weipand | 𐍅𐌹𐍀𐌿𐌽 wipun | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 weipanda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌿 weipau | 𐍅𐌹𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌿 wipjau | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 weipaidau |
| 2nd singular | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍃 weipais | 𐍅𐌹𐍀𐌴𐌹𐍃 wipeis | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 weipaizau |
| 3rd singular | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹 weipai | 𐍅𐌹𐍀𐌹 wipi | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 weipaidau |
| 1st dual | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 weipaiwa | 𐍅𐌹𐍀𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 wipeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 weipaits | 𐍅𐌹𐍀𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 wipeits | — |
| 1st plural | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 weipaima | 𐍅𐌹𐍀𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 wipeima | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 weipaindau |
| 2nd plural | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌸 weipaiþ | 𐍅𐌹𐍀𐌴𐌹𐌸 wipeiþ | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 weipaindau |
| 3rd plural | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 weipaina | 𐍅𐌹𐍀𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 wipeina | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 weipaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀 weip | | |
| 3rd singular | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 weipadau | | |
| 2nd dual | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐍄𐍃 weipats | | |
| 2nd plural | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌹𐌸 weipiþ | | |
| 3rd plural | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 weipandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 weipands | 𐍅𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽𐍃 wipans | |

#### Related terms

* 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (biwaibjan)
* 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍃 (waips)
* 𐍅𐌹𐍀𐌾𐌰 (wipja)
* 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (faurwaipjan)
# dócil
## Galician
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin docilis.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Adjective

dócil m or f (plural dóciles) dócil m or f (plural dóceis, reintegrationist norm)
* docile

#### Related terms

* docilidade

### Further reading

* “dócil”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* “dócil” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin docilis.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈdɔ.siw/ [ˈdɔ.siʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈdɔ.sil/ [ˈdɔ.siɫ]
* Hyphenation: dó‧cil

### Adjective

dócil m or f (plural dóceis)
* docile

#### Derived terms

* docilmente

#### Related terms

* docilidade

### Further reading

* “dócil”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin docilis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /ˈdoθil/ [ˈd̪o.θil]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /ˈdosil/ [ˈd̪o.sil]
* Rhymes: -oθil
* Rhymes: -osil
* Syllabification: dó‧cil

### Adjective

dócil m or f (masculine and feminine plural dóciles)
* docile

#### Derived terms

* dócilmente

#### Related terms

* docilidad
* indócil

### Further reading

* “dócil”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Briotáinis
## Irish
### Etymology

From an Bhriotáin (“Brittany”) +‎ -is (“-ish, -ese”, language suffix).

### Proper noun

Briotáinis f (genitive Briotáinise)
* the Breton language

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
Briotáinis
vocative
a Bhriotáinis
genitive
Briotáinise
dative
Briotáinis
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an Bhriotáinis
genitive
na Briotáinise
dative
leis an mBriotáinis don Bhriotáinis :

#### Related terms

* Briotánach (“Breton”, adjective)
* Briotánach m (“a Breton person”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “Briotáinis”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “Briotáinis”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “Briotáinis”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
# pszczoła
## Kashubian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bьčela.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpʃt͡ʃɔ.wa/
* Rhymes: -ɔwa
* Syllabification: pszczo‧ła

### Noun

pszczoła f
* bee
* honeybee

### Further reading

* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “pszczoła”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎

## Old Polish
### Alternative forms

* pczoła

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bьčela.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /pʃʲt͡ʃʲɔɫa/
* IPA: (15th CE) /pʃʲt͡ʃʲɔɫa/

### Noun

pszczoła f
* (attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) bee; honey bee
** 1902 [1402], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego‎, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 116:Szenkow kmecz porambil damb se pczolami[Sienkow kmieć porąbił dąb se pczołami]
** 1922 [1458], “Sądownictwo w sprawach kmiecych a ustalanie się stanów na Mazowszu pod koniec wieków średnich”, in Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editor, Prace Komisji Hisorycznej, volume 3, Masovia, page 72:Esz Jan nye vcradl Maczegewy myodv se psczol y se psczolami[Eż Jan nie ukradł Maciejewi miodu ze pszczoł i ze pszczołami]
* (in the plural, attested in Masovia) swarm, hive with bees
** 1895 [1415], Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej. Collectanea ex Archivo Collegii Iuridici‎, volume VIII, page 131:Eze Albertus wiwoszl szesczori pczoli s Czarnei Weszi do Woyslauicz[Eze Albertus wywiozł sześciory pczoły z Czarnej W[e]si do Wojsławic]
** 1922 [1458], “Sądownictwo w sprawach kmiecych a ustalanie się stanów na Mazowszu pod koniec wieków średnich”, in Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editor, Prace Komisji Hisorycznej, volume 3, Masovia, page 72:Esz Jan nye vcradl Maczegewy myodv se psczol y se psczolami[Eż Jan nie ukradł Maciejewi miodu ze pszczoł i ze pszczołami]

#### Descendants

* Polish: pszczoła

### References

* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “pszczoła”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish pszczoła.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpʂt͡ʂɔ.wa/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Audio 3:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔwa
* Syllabification: pszczo‧ła
* Homophone: Pszczoła

### Noun

pszczoła f (diminutive pszczółka, related adjective pszczeli)
* honey bee (any bee of the genus Apis)

#### Derived terms

* pszczelny
* pszczelarka
* pszczelarz

#### Related terms

* pszczelarski
* pszczelarstwo
* pszczółeczka

### Further reading

* pszczoła in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* pszczoła in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* pszczoła in PWN's encyclopedia
# osréalach
## Irish
### Etymology

From os- (“super-, over-”) +‎ réalach (“realist”).

### Adjective

osréalach (genitive singular masculine osréalaigh, genitive singular feminine osréalaí, plural osréalacha, comparative osréalaí)
* (art) surrealist
    Synonym: osréalaíoch

#### Related terms

* osréalachas m (“surrealism”)
* osréalaí m (“surrealist”, noun)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “osréalach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “osréalach”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “osréalach”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
# cigilteach
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* cigileach

### Etymology

From cigilt (“tickle, titillation”) +‎ -ach (adjectival suffix).

### Adjective

cigilteach (genitive singular masculine cigiltigh, genitive singular feminine cigiltí, plural cigilteacha, comparative cigiltí)
* ticklish

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Derived terms

* lus cigilteach m (“sensitive plant”)

#### Related terms

* cigilteacht f (“ticklishness”)
* cigilteán m (“ticklesome person; touchy person”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cigilteach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “cigilteach”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “cigilteach”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
# esizio
## Italian
### Alternative forms

* esicio, essizio

### Etymology

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin exitium (“ruin”, “destruction”).

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ittsjo
* IPA: /eˈzit.t͡sjo/
* Rhymes: -ittsjo
* Hyphenation: e‧sì‧zio

### Noun

esizio m (plural esizi) (literary, rare)
* destruction, ruin
    Synonyms: distruzione, (obsolete, literary) pernicie, rovina, sciagura, sfacelo
** early 14th century [c. 45 BCE], “Libro secondo - Della sofferenza del dolore [Second book - The suffering of pain]”, in anonymous translator, Quistioni tusculane, translation of Tusculānae disputātiōnes by Mārcus Tullius Cicerō (in Classical Latin), section 17; republished as Michele dello Russo, editor, Volgarizzamento delle quistioni tusculane fatto nel buon secolo della favella‎, Naples: Stamperia del Diogene, 1851, page 80:Colui il quale ad altri ordina esizio, conviene che sappia essere ancora a sè apparecchiata simile peste.[Colui il quale ad altri ordina esizio, conviene che sappia essere ancora a sé apparecchiata simile peste.][original: Quī alterī exitium parat, eum scīre oportet sibi parātam pestem ut participet parem.]He who gives orders of destruction to others should know that a similar calamity is set up for himself as well.
** 1504, Jacopo Sannazaro, “Egloga ottava [Eighth eclogue]”, in Arcadia; republished as Arcadia di M. Jacopo Sannazaro con la di lui vita‎, Milan: Società Tipografica de' Classici Italiani, 1806, page 103:Correte, o fiere, a quel che tanto bramavi, E voi, pastor, piangete il tristo esicio, Di quel che con sua morte tutti infamavi.Run, o beasts, to the one who longs for you so much; and you—o shepherds—lament the sad ruin of the one who makes all of you infamous through his death.
** mid 1560s [29–19 BCE], “Libro decimo”, in Annibale Caro, transl., Eneide, translation of Aeneis by Publius Vergilius Maro (in Classical Latin), lines 18–21; republished as L’Eneide di Virgilio‎, Florence: G. Barbera, 1892:Tempo vi si darà ben degno allora Di guerreggiar (non l’affrettate or voi) Che la fera Cartago aprirà l’Alpi, Grave a Roma portando essizio e strage.[original: adveniet iūstum pugnae (nē arcessite) tempus, cum fera Karthāgō Rōmānīs arcibus ōlim exitium magnum atque Alpīs immittet apertās]The right time will come to wage war (do not call for it) when fierce Carthage opens up the Alps bringing heavy destruction and bloodshed to Rome.

#### Related terms

* esito
* esiziale

### Further reading

* esizio in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
# epä-
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *epä. Originally active present participle (-pä) of the negative verb stem *e-; see ei. Cognate with Estonian eba-, Livonian äb, Moksha аф (af), Erzya апак (apak).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈepæ-/, [ˈe̞pæ-]

### Prefix

epä-
* Used to invert the meaning of a word: in-, non-, un-, dis-, mis-, mal-
    ‎epä- + ‎selvä (“clear”) → ‎epäselvä (“unclear”)

#### Derived terms

* epatto
* epeli

#### Related terms

* evätä

### Further reading

* “epä-”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *epä-. Cognates include Finnish epä- and Estonian eba-.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈepæ-/, [ˈe̞pæ-]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈepæ-/, [ˈe̞b̥æ-]

### Prefix

epä-
* Used to invert the meaning of a word: un-, non-
# φρουρός
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From προ- (pro-, “forwards”) +‎ ὁράω (horáō, “to see”) +‎ -ος (-os, second declension ending). οο (oo) changed to ου (ou) by crasis and the π (p) changed to φ (ph) by influence of the ῾ (h) sound.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʰruː.rós/ → /ɸruˈros/ → /fruˈros/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pʰruː.rós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /pʰruˈros/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ɸruˈros/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /fruˈros/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /fruˈros/

### Noun

φρουρός • (phrourós) m (genitive φρουροῦ); second declension
* (either literally or figuratively) watcher, watchman, guard
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.6.3:καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι στρατεύσαντες ἐς Πλάταιαν σῖτόν τε ἐσήγαγον καὶ φρουροὺς ἐγκατέλιπονkaì metà taûta hoi Athēnaîoi strateúsantes es Plátaian sîtón te esḗgagon kaì phrouroùs enkatéliponAnd after this, the Athenians, after marching into Plataea, brought in food and left behind guards
** 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 21–23:Κείνῳ γὰρ ἡ Διὸς κόρη φρουρὼ παραζεύξασα φύλακε σώματος δισσὼ δράκοντε […] Keínōi gàr hē Diòs kórē phrourṑ parazeúxasa phúlake sṓmatos dissṑ drákonte […]For the daughter of Zeus set beside him two dragons as guards for his body […]
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 560b:τελευτῶσαι δὴ οἶμαι κατέλαβον τὴν τοῦ νέου τῆς ψυχῆς ἀκρόπολιν, αἰσθόμεναι κενὴν μαθημάτων τε καὶ ἐπιτηδευμάτων καλῶν καὶ λόγων ἀληθῶν, οἳ δὴ ἄριστοι φρουροί τε καὶ φύλακες ἐν ἀνδρῶν θεοφιλῶν εἰσι διανοίαις.teleutôsai dḕ oîmai katélabon tḕn toû néou tês psukhês akrópolin, aisthómenai kenḕn mathēmátōn te kaì epitēdeumátōn kalôn kaì lógōn alēthôn, hoì dḕ áristoi phrouroí te kaì phúlakes en andrôn theophilôn eisi dianoíais.1969 translation by Paul ShoreyAnd in the end, I suppose, they seize the citadel of the young man's soul, finding it empty and unoccupied by studies and honorable pursuits and true discourses, which are the best watchmen and guardians in the minds of men who are dear to the gods.

#### Derived terms

* φρουρά (phrourá)
* φρουρέω (phrouréō)
* φρούριον (phroúrion)

#### Descendants

* → Greek: φρουρός (frourós) (learned)

### References

* “φρουρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

## Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek φρουρός (phrourós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɾuˈɾos/
* Rhymes: -os
* Hyphenation: φρου‧ρός

### Noun

φρουρός • (frourós) m (plural φρουροί)
* guard, guardian (a person who, or thing that, protects or watches over something)

#### Related terms

* φρουρώ (frouró)

### References

* ↑ φρουρός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
# pít
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech píti, from Proto-Slavic *piti (“to drink”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpiːt]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iːt

### Verb

pít impf (perfective vypít)
* to drink (to take in liquid)
    Synonyms: chlastat, bumbat
* to drink (to take in alcoholic beverage)
    Synonym: chlastat

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | pít, píti | Active adjective | pijící |
| Verbal noun | pití | Passive adjective | pitý |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | piji, piju (coll.) | pijeme | — | pijme |
| 2nd person | piješ | pijete | pij | pijte |
| 3rd person | pije | pijí, pijou (coll.) | — | — |
* The future tense: a combination of a future form of být + infinitive pít.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | pil | pili | pit | piti |
| masculine inanimate | pil | pily | pit | pity |
| feminine | pila | pily | pita | pity |
| neuter | pilo | pila | pito | pita |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | pije | — |
| feminine + neuter singular | pijíc | — |
| plural | pijíce | — |

#### Hyponyms

* lokat
* chlemtat
* srkat

#### Derived terms

* pijavý
* pitný
* nápoj
* pijan
* pijavice
* pijavka
* piják
* pitivo
* pití
* dopít
* napájet
* napít
* opít
* pít krev
* popít
* propít
* přepít
* připít
* upít
* vpít
* vypít
* zapít
* zpít

### Further reading

* “píti”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “píti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “pít”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# hrát
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech jhráti, from Proto-Slavic *jьgrati. Cognates include Russian игра́ть (igrátʹ), Serbo-Croatian ȉgrati and Polish grać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦraːt]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: hrát
* Rhymes: -aːt

### Verb

hrát impf
* (transitive) to play (a game)
    Pojďme hrát Monopoly. ― Let's go and play Monopoly.
    Hrajeme na schovávanou. ― We're playing hide and seek.
* (transitive) to play (a role)
* (transitive) to play (a musical instrument)
    Hraji na kytaru. ― I play the guitar.
* to use a toy
    hrát si s panenkou ― to play with a doll

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | hrát, hráti | Active adjective | hrající |
| Verbal noun | hraní | Passive adjective | hraný |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | hraji, hraju (coll.) | hrajeme | — | hrajme, hrejme |
| 2nd person | hraješ | hrajete | hraj, hrej | hrajte, hrejte |
| 3rd person | hraje | hrají, hrajou (coll.) | — | — |
* The future tense: a combination of a future form of být + infinitive hrát.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | hrál | hráli | hrán | hráni |
| masculine inanimate | hrál | hrály | hrán | hrány |
| feminine | hrála | hrály | hrána | hrány |
| neuter | hrálo | hrála | hráno | hrána |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | hraje | — |
| feminine + neuter singular | hrajíc | — |
| plural | hrajíce | — |

#### Related terms

* hra
* hrací
* hračka
* hraný
* hráč
* nahrát
* prohra
* prohrát
* vyhrát
* výhra
* zahrát

### Further reading

* “hráti”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “hráti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “hrát”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# characterise
## English
### Etymology

From character +‎ -ise.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Verb

characterise (third-person singular simple present characterises, present participle characterising, simple past and past participle characterised)
* Non-Oxford British English standard spelling of characterize.
** 2020 December 2, Anthony Lambert, “Reimagining Railway Stations”, in Rail, page 42, photo caption:Charlbury, between Oxford and Worcester, is one of the few surviving Italianate stations designed by Brunel. Built in 1853, it is characterised by the broad overhanging hipped roof, providing shelter at front and rear.

#### Derived terms

* characterisability
* characterisation
* mischaracterise
* recharacterise
* undercharacterise

### Anagrams

* characteries
# cobaltico
## Italian
### Etymology

From cobalt(o) (“cobalt”) +‎ -ico (“-ic”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koˈbal.ti.ko/
* Rhymes: -altiko
* Hyphenation: co‧bàl‧ti‧co

### Adjective

cobaltico (feminine cobaltica, masculine plural cobaltici, feminine plural cobaltiche)
* (chemistry) containing trivalent cobalt

#### Related terms

* cobaltatura
* cobaltina
* cobalto
* cobaltocalcite
* cobaltopirite
* cobaltoso
* cobaltoterapia
# শাবাশ
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* সাবাস (śabaś), সাবাশ (śabaś)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شاباش (šābāš), from شاد (šād, “happy”) + باش (bāš, “be (imperative)”). Cognate with Assamese চাবাচ (sabas), Hindi शाबाश (śābāś), Gujarati શાબાશ (śābāś), Marathi शाबास (śābās).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /ʃabaʃ/, [ˈʃabaʃ], /ʃabːaʃ/, [ˈʃabːaʃ]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /ʃabaʃ/, [ˈʃabaʃ], /ʃabːaʃ/, [ˈʃabːaʃ]

### Interjection

শাবাশ • (śabaś)
* good job!

#### Related terms

* শাদি (śadi)
* সাদমান (śadoman)
# sabotáž
## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from French sabotage.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsabotaːʃ]
* Hyphenation: sa‧bo‧táž

### Noun

sabotáž f
* sabotage
    Synonym: záškodnictví

#### Derived terms

* sabotážnický
* sabotážní
* sabotážník

#### Related terms

* sabotér
* sabotovat

### Further reading

* “sabotáž”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “sabotáž”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “sabotáž”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Slovak
### Etymology

Borrowed from French sabotage.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsabɔtaːʃ]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

sabotáž f (relational adjective sabotážny)
* sabotage
    Synonym: záškodníctvo

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “sabotáž”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# Luparia
## Italian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Luparia m or f by sense
* a surname

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2024