# jagama
## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *jakadak, from Proto-Uralic *jëka-. Cognate to Finnish jakaa. Cognates include Finnish jakaa, Livonian jaggõ, Votic jakka, Ingrian jakkaa, Livvi jagua, Ludian d'agada, and Veps jagada; Northern Sami juohkit (from Proto-Samic *juokētēk), Erzya and Moksha явомс (javoms), Udmurt люкыны (ľukyny) and Komi-Zyrian юкны (jukny); possibly also Southern Khanty [script needed] (jaχəl, “branch”), Central Mansi [script needed] (jåχtit, “border between the nape and the neck”), Central Mansi [script needed] (jåχtit, “border between the nape and the neck”), Central Mansi [script needed] (jåχtit, “border between the nape and the neck”), Tundra Nenets яхась (yaxasʹ°, “to skin”), Forest Enets [script needed] (ďoha-, “to dismember”), Nganasan [script needed] (ďegətə-, “to dismember”), Southern Selkup [script needed] (ćak͔ǝ-, “to dismember”), Kamassian чагарзьәт (ćagarźət, “to cut”) and Mator тчяга- (čagә-, “to cut out”), although these are semantically uncertain.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjɑɡ̊ɑmɑ/, [ˈjɑ̈ɡ̊ɑmɑ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑɡɑmɑ
* Hyphenation: ja‧ga‧ma

### Verb

jagama (da-infinitive jagada)
* (transitive) to divide (to make into pieces or conceptual parts) [with translative or illative ‘into’]
    Jagasime õuna neljaks. ― We divided the apple into four.
    Mündid jagati nelja hunnikusse. ― The coins were divided into four piles.
    Õpetaja jagas õpilased kahte rühma. ― The teacher split the students into two groups.
    Eesriie jagab toa pooleks. ― The curtain divides the room in half.
    Tabel on lahtriteks jagatud. ― The spreadsheet is divided into cells.
    Ekvaator jagab Maa põhja- ja lõunapoolkeraks. ― The equator divides the Earth into the northern and southern hemispheres.
    Aasta on jagatud 12 kuuks. ― A year is divided into 12 months.
    Häälikud jagatakse täishäälikuteks ja kaashäälikuteks. ― Phonemes are divided into vowels and consonants.
    Synonym: jaotama
* (transitive) to hand out, to give out; to distribute (to give something in parts to several people) [with allative or peale ‘to; over (a period of time, space, etc.)’]
    Võitjatele jagati auhindu. ― Prizes were given out to the winners.
    Kes jagab mängijatele kaardid? ― Who deals the cards to the players?
    Kas näitlejaile on osad juba jagatud? ― Have the parts already been distributed to the actors?
    karistusi jagama ― to hand out punishments
    Meister on jaganud oma oskusi paljudele õpilastele. ― The master has shared his skills with many students.
    kellelegi lohutust jagama ― to offer consolance to somebody
    Tööd jagati mitme päeva peale. ― The work was spread over several days.
    Surve on jagatud ühtlaselt kogu pinnale. ― Pressure is evenly distributed over the entire surface.
    Synonyms: jaotama, välja jagama
* (transitive, mathematics) to divide [with comitative ‘by’]
    Kaheksa jagada neljaga on kaks. ― Eight divided by four is two.
    Antonym: korrutama
* (transitive, usually atelic) to share (to use sth communally with sb; to give up part of one's own to sb else or to become part of sb else's own)
    Neil tuli kahekesi väikest tuba jagada. ― The two of them had to share a small room.
    Kaks võistlejat jäid võrdsel punktiseisul esikohta jagama. ― Two competitors were tied for first place. (literally, “... were left to share the first place.”)
    Ta ei võinud oma saladust kellegagi jagada. ― She couldn't share her secret with anyone.
** to share (to experience or feel the same way as sb else)
    Riik jagas hiljem oma naabermaade saatust. ― The country later shared the fate of its neighbours.
    kellegagi rõõme ja muresid jagama ― to share one's joys and sorrows with someone
    Jagan täielikult ta seisukohta. ― I fully share his/her point of view.
* (intransitive, colloquial) to understand, to grasp, to get it, to catch on, to comprehend
    Ei tema jaga põllumajandusest midagi. ― (S)he doesn't know anything about agriculture.
    Ma pole matemaatikat kunagi jaganud. ― I've never understood math.
    Kui pea ei jaga, siis jagavad jalad. (proverb) ― If the head doesn't get it, the legs will.
* (intransitive, colloquial) to bicker, to quarrel

#### Derived terms

* jagamatu
* jagaja
* jagamine
* jagatav
* jagatis
* jagu
* jagur
* jagelema
* jaguma

#### Compound verbs

* matsu jagama
* välja jagama
* ära jagama

### References

* jagama in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
* “jagama”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009