OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 看頭兒
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kàntour
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˋ ˙ㄊㄡㄦ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kàntour
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˋ ˙ㄊㄡㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kànto̊ur
*** Wade–Giles: kʻan$^4$-tʻou$^5$-ʼrh
*** Yale: kàn-tour
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kann.toul
*** Palladius: каньтоур (kanʹtour)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰän⁵¹ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ¹/

### Noun

看頭兒
* (Mandarin) Erhua form of 看頭／看头 (kàntou).
# Kameruńczyk
## Polish
### Etymology

From Kamerun +‎ -czyk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.mɛˈruɲ.t͡ʂɘk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uɲt͡ʂɘk
* Syllabification: Ka‧me‧ruń‧czyk

### Noun

Kameruńczyk m pers (female equivalent Kamerunka)
* Cameroonian

#### Related terms

* kameruński
* Kamerun

### Further reading

* Kameruńczyk in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# książny
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* księżny (Middle Polish)

### Etymology

From księga +‎ -ny. Compare Czech knižní, Russian кни́жный (knížnyj).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɕɔw̃ʐ.nɘ/, /ˈkɕɔnʐ.nɘ/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈkɕɔ̃ʐ.nɨ/
* Rhymes: -ɔw̃ʐnɘ
* Syllabification: książ‧ny

### Adjective

książny (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational, obsolete) book
    Synonyms: książkowy, księgowy

#### Related terms

* książkowy
* księgarski
* księgowy
* kniga
* książka
* książnica
* księgarnia
* księgarstwo
* księgarz
* księżnik

### Further reading

* książny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “książny”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
# autosuficiente
## Galician
### Etymology

From auto- +‎ suficiente.

### Adjective

autosuficiente m or f (plural autosuficientes)
* self-sufficient

#### Related terms

* autosuficiencia

### Further reading

* “autosuficiente”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From auto- +‎ suficiente.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /autosufiˈθjente/ [au̯.t̪o.su.fiˈθjẽn̪.t̪e]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /autosufiˈsjente/ [au̯.t̪o.su.fiˈsjẽn̪.t̪e]
* Rhymes: -ente
* Syllabification: au‧to‧su‧fi‧cien‧te

### Adjective

autosuficiente m or f (masculine and feminine plural autosuficientes)
* self-sufficient
** 2015 December, “Kim Jong-un advierte que tiene una bomba de hidrógeno para defenderse”, in El Pais (Uruguay)‎:El dictador afirmó que Corea del Norte "se ha convertido en un poderoso estado poseedor de armas nucleares capaz de detonar de forma autosuficiente una bomba atómica y también una bomba H para defender eficazmente su soberanía y la dignidad de la nación", recogió la KCNA en un comunicado.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Related terms

* autosuficiencia

### Further reading

* “autosuficiente”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# wyartykułować
## Polish
### Etymology

From wy- +‎ artykułować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɘ.ar.tɘ.kuˈwɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: wy‧ar‧ty‧ku‧ło‧wać

### Verb

wyartykułować pf (imperfective artykułować)
* (transitive, linguistics) to articulate, to enunciate (to speak clearly)
    Synonym: wymówić
* (transitive, music) to articulate (to play a note a certain way)
* (transitive, literary) to articulate (to explain; to put into words; to make something specific)
    Synonym: wyrazić
* (transitive, architecture) to articulate (to break apart with architectural elements)

#### Related terms

* artykulacyjny
* artykulacyjnie
* artykulacja
* artykulik
* artykulisko
* artykuł

### Further reading

* wyartykułować in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* wyartykułować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# betonář
## Czech
### Etymology

From beton (“concrete”) +‎ -ář.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɛtonaːr̝̊]
* Rhymes: -onaːr̝̊
* Hyphenation: be‧to‧nář

### Noun

betonář m anim (female equivalent betonářka, relational adjective betonářský)
* concreter (someone who lays concrete)

#### Derived terms

* betonářství

#### Related terms

* beton
* betonárna
* betonáž
* betonovat

### Further reading

* “betonář”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “betonář”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “betonář” in Akademický slovník současné češtiny, 2012–2025, slovnikcestiny.cz
* “betonář”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# putinowski
## Polish
### Etymology

From Putin +‎ -owski. First attested in the 21st century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pu.tiˈnɔf.ski/
* Rhymes: -ɔfski
* Syllabification: pu‧ti‧now‧ski

### Adjective

putinowski (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational) Putin, Putinesque

#### Related terms

* Putin

### References

* ↑ putinowski in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

### Further reading

* putinowski in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# pants-on-head
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Adverb

pants-on-head (not comparable)
* (slang) Very or intensely (in describing mental states).

#### See also

* hair-on-fire
# particularismo
## Spanish
### Etymology

From particular +‎ -ismo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paɾtikulaˈɾismo/ [paɾ.t̪i.ku.laˈɾiz.mo]
* Rhymes: -ismo
* Syllabification: par‧ti‧cu‧la‧ris‧mo

### Noun

particularismo m (plural particularismos)
* particularism
** 2015 October 16, “Tribuna”, in El País‎:La aparente centralidad de este procedimiento busca erradicar los particularismos y las dependencias respecto a países o instituciones con más recursos.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Related terms

* particularista

### Further reading

* “particularismo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# diabolka
## Czech
### Etymology

From diabolo +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdɪjabolka]
* Rhymes: -olka
* Hyphenation: dia‧bol‧ka

### Noun

diabolka f
* diminutive of diabolo
* pellet (lead projectile used as ammunition)

#### Related terms

* diabolo

### Further reading

* “diabolka”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “diabolka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “diabolka”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# 𐌾𐌰𐌷
## Gothic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *jahw. By surface analysis, 𐌾𐌰 (ja) +‎ -𐌿𐌷 (-uh).

### Conjunction

𐌾𐌰𐌷 • (jah)
* and
** Gothic Bible, Corinthians I 13.2:
    𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿 𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌿 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍉𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌻𐌻 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌽, 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌿, 𐌹𐌸 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰 𐌽𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿, 𐌽𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍃 𐌹𐌼.jah jabai habau praufētjans jah witjau allaizē runōs jah all kunþi jah habau alla galaubein, swaswē fairgunja miþsatjau, iþ friaþwa ni habau, ni waihts im.And though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries, and all knowledge; and though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing. (KJV)
* also

#### Usage notes

* The final -h sometimes assimilates to the initial consonant of a following; e.g. jan-ni ("and not"), jag-gatraua ("and I trust"), jas-sa ("and the"), jab-brusts ("and breast"), jal-liban ("and to live"), jar-ragin ("and advice"), jad-du ("and to/for").

#### Synonyms

* -𐌿𐌷 (-uh)

#### Derived terms

* 𐌾𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌴 (jaþþē)
# minhoca
## Galician
### Noun

minhoca f (plural minhocas, reintegrationist norm)
* reintegrationist spelling of miñoca

### Further reading

* “minhoca” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese miuca, of unknown origin.
Cognate with Fala and Galician miñoca, Asturian milu and meruca.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /mĩˈɲɔ.kɐ/ [mĩˈj̃ɔ.kɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /mĩˈɲɔ.kɐ/ [mĩˈj̃ɔ.kɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /miˈɲɔ.ka/
* (Portugal) IPA: /miˈɲɔ.kɐ/, (with ellipsis) /ˈmɲɔ.kɐ/
* (Northeast Brazil) IPA: /mĩˈɔkɐ/
* Rhymes: -ɔkɐ
* Hyphenation: mi‧nho‧ca

### Noun

minhoca f (plural minhocas)
* earthworm

#### Derived terms

* Minhocão
* minhocuçu
* minhoquinha

### See also

* nhoca
* verme

### Further reading

* “minhoca” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “minhoca”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “minhoca”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# olympia-
## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈolymp(ː)iɑ-/, [ˈo̞lym(p̚)ˌpiɑ̝-]
* IPA: /ˈolump(ː)iɑ-/, [ˈo̞lum(p̚)ˌpiɑ̝-]

### Prefix

olympia-
* Combining form of olympialainen (“Olympic”)

#### Derived terms

* olympia-aate
* olympiaedustaja
* olympiaedustus
* olympiaennätys
* olympiafanfaari
* olympiahistoria
* olympiahopea
* olympiahuuma
* olympiahymni
* olympiajoukkue
* olympiakarsinta
* olympiakatsastus
* olympiakelpoinen
* olympiakesä
* olympiakilpailija
* olympiakilpailu
* olympiakisat
* olympiakulta
* olympiakuume
* olympiakylä
* olympiakävijä
* olympialaji
* olympialiike
* olympialippu
* olympialuokka
* olympiamitali
* olympiamitalisti
* olympianiemenmurmeli
* olympiaohjelma
* olympiapistooli
* olympiapistooliammunta
* olympiapronssi
* olympiarenkaat
* olympiasankari
* olympiasoihtu
* olympiastadion
* olympiatuli
* olympiaurheilija
* olympiaurheilu
* olympiavala
* olympiavalmennus
* olympiavene
* olympiavoitto
* olympiavuosi

## Swedish
### Etymology

Derived from Latin Olympia or Ancient Greek Ὀλυμπία (Olumpía).

### Prefix

olympia-
* Combining form of olympisk (“Olympic”)
    ‎olympia- + ‎stadion (“stadium”) → ‎olympiastadion (“Olympic stadium”)

#### Related terms

* Olympen
* olympiad
* olympier
* olympisk

### References

* olympia- in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
# допремити
## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /doprěːmiti/
* Hyphenation: до‧пре‧ми‧ти

### Verb

допре́мити pf (Latin spelling doprémiti)
* (transitive) to deliver, convey

#### Related terms

* допре́мати impf

### Further reading

* “допремити”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
# vergaderen
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch vergaderen. Equivalent to ver- +‎ gaderen. See also vergaren, which derives from the same source, but from the later variant garen by syncope. Cognate with Low German vergadern, English forgather.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɛrˈɣaː.də.rə(n)/, /vərˈɣaː.də.rə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ver‧ga‧de‧ren
* Rhymes: -aːdərən

### Verb

vergaderen
* (transitive, intransitive) to gather together, meet up, assemble

#### Usage notes

* Transitive uses are now largely obsolete (in such cases vergaren is generally used).

#### Derived terms

* doorvergaderen
* vergadering
* vergadertafel
* vergadertijger
* vergaderzaal

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: vergader
* Negerhollands: vergaeder, vergaader

### Anagrams

* graveerden
# glóbus
## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin globus (“sphere”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡloːbus]
* Hyphenation: gló‧bus

### Noun

glóbus m inan
* globe (model of Earth)

#### Related terms

* globalizace
* globalizovat
* globální

### Further reading

* “glóbus”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “glóbus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “glóbus”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡloːbus]

### Noun

glóbus m inan (relational adjective glóbusový)
* globe (model of Earth)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “glóbus”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# concatenative
## English
### Etymology

From concatenate +‎ -ive.

### Adjective

concatenative (not comparable)
* Linked in a series or order of things depending on each other, as if linked together; successive.
** 1961, Robert A. Heinlein, Stranger in a Strange Land, New York: Avon, →OCLC:In fact the titles could be anything – or (with some of the most puissant) no title at all, but they could all be identified as "flappers" by function: each one held arbitrary and concatenative veto over any attempted communication from the outside world to the Great Man who was the nominal superior of the flapper.
* Operating by concatenation.
    concatenative synthesis

#### Derived terms

* nonconcatenative

#### Related terms

* catenate
* catenation
* catenative
* concatenate
* concatenation

#### Further reading

* Concatenative programming language on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# contextualize
## English
### Alternative forms

* contextualise

### Etymology

From contextual +‎ -ize.

### Verb

contextualize (third-person singular simple present contextualizes, present participle contextualizing, simple past and past participle contextualized)
* To place something or someone in a particular context.
    Antonym: decontextualize
** 2014 March 3, Zoe Alderton, “‘Snapewives’ and ‘Snapeism’: A Fiction-Based Religion within the Harry Potter Fandom”, in Religions‎, volume 5, number 1, MDPI, →DOI, pages 219–257:Despite personal schisms and differences in spiritual experience, there is a very coherent theology of Snape shared between the wives. To examine this manifestation of religious fandom, I will first discuss the canon scepticism and anti-Rowling sentiment that helps to contextualise the wider belief in Snape as a character who extends beyond book and film.

#### Derived terms

* contextualizable
* contextualization
* contextualizer
* decontextualize
* noncontextualized
* overcontextualize
* recontextualize
* uncontextualized
* undercontextualize

#### Translations
## Galician
### Verb

contextualize
* (reintegrationist norm) inflection of contextualizar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Portuguese
### Verb

contextualize
* inflection of contextualizar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
# roarer
## English
### Etymology

From roar +‎ -er.

### Noun

roarer (plural roarers)
* One who roars.
* (archaic) One of a group of young men who would carouse in taverns, then pick brawls on the street for entertainment.
* (archaic, slang) A broken-winded horse.
** 1871–1872, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter 23, in Middlemarch […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book (please specify |book=I to VIII):He had never before been so much struck with the fact that this unfortunate bay was a roarer […]

#### Synonyms

* (young man who picks brawls): roaring boy

#### Derived terms

* bullroarer
# Żyd
## Old Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Czech Žid.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /ʒʲɨt/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ʒʲɨt/

### Noun

Żyd m pers
* (attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) Jew
** 1967 [1393], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kościańskie, volume III, number 59, Kościan:Isze Przibislaf podal scodi placzicz Szidom sa Falkana[Iże Przybysław podał szkody płacić Żydom za Falkana]
** 1880-1894 [XV ex.], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności‎, volume I, Gniezno, Warsaw, page 145:Oczy mu zaw[ią]zaly Zydowye okruthny[Oczy mu zaw[ią]zali Żydowie okrutni]
** 1967 [1413], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kościańskie, volume III, number 495, Kościan:Iako ne wem, aby Liszek zaplaczil sesczdzesant grziwen za Yanka, gey mansza, crzescziyanom albo Zidom[Jako nie wiem, aby Lisek zapłacił sześćdziesiąt grzywien za Janka, jej męża, krześcijanom albo Żydom]
** Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎, page 305:Nusz vy, Zydovye a mądrczy zydowsczy (vos Pharisaei Luc 11, 39), to, czo yest wzvyrchv czasze..., to... czysczyczye[Nuż wy, Żydowie a mędrcy żydowszczy (vos Pharisaei Luc 11, 39), to, co jest wzwirchu czasze..., to... czyścicie]

#### Derived terms

* nawielebniejsze Żydow syny
* starszy Żydowie
* starzy i nowi Żydowie
* Żyd licemiernik

#### Descendants

* Polish: Żyd

### References

* ↑ Šekli, Matej (2015) “Old Romance place names in early South Slavic and late Proto-Slavic sound changes”, in Linguistica, volume 55(1), page 106
   * B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “Żyd”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish Żyd.
For similar religious borrowings, compare Rzym (“Rome”) and krzyż (“cross”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʐɘt/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ʐɨt/
* Rhymes: -ɘt
* Syllabification: Żyd
* Homophones: żyd, żyt

### Noun

Żyd m pers (female equivalent Żydówka)
* (Judaism) Jew (person with cultural or ancestral Jewish connections)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Żyd in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* Żyd in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# disintegration
## English
### Etymology

From disintegrate +‎ -ion or dis- +‎ integration.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /dɪs.ɪn.tɪˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/
* (General American) IPA: /dɪsˌɪd.əˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/, [dɪsˌɪn.əˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən]
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

disintegration (countable and uncountable, plural disintegrations)
* A process by which anything disintegrates.
** 1966 September 28, Civil Aeronautics Board, “Synposis”, in Aircraft Accident Report: Pan American World Airways, Inc., B-707-321B, N761PA, San Francisco, California, June 28, 1965‎, retrieved 25 November 2022, page 1:A Pan American World Airways, Inc., B-707-321B, N761PA, experienced an explosive disintegration of the third stage turbine disk of the No. 4 engine at approximately 1410 P.d.t, June 28, 1965. The accident occurred shortly after takeoff from San Francisco International Airport, San Francisco, California, at an altitude of about 800 feet above the ground. Disintegration of the turbine disk was followed by a fire in the No. 4 engine area and an explosion in the outboard reserve fuel tank. The No. 4 engine and approximately 25 feet of the right outer wing separated from the aircraft.
* The condition of anything which has disintegrated.
* (geology) The wearing away or falling to pieces of rocks or strata, produced by atmospheric action, frost, ice, etc.
* (nuclear physics) The process of radioactive decay.
** The radioactive decay of a single atom.
    The sample exhibited an activity of three disintegrations per second.

#### Derived terms

* disintegrational
* disintegration energy
* disintegrative
* electrodisintegration
* kilodisintegration
* nondisintegration
* nuclear disintegration
* photodisintegration
* radioactive disintegration

#### Related terms

* integration

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Anagrams

* disorientating
# wymijający
## Polish
### Etymology

From wymijać +‎ -ący.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɘ.mi.jaˈjɔn.t͡sɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔnt͡sɘ
* Syllabification: wy‧mi‧ja‧ją‧cy

### Adjective

wymijający (comparative bardziej wymijający, superlative najbardziej wymijający, derived adverb wymijająco)
* cagey, equivocal, evasive

#### Related terms

* wymijać
* wyminąć

### Participle

wymijający (active adjectival)
* active adjectival participle of wymijać

### Further reading

* wymijający in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* wymijający in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# cáithnín
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* cainín, cáithneán

### Etymology

From cáithne +‎ -ín.

### Pronunciation

* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈkaːhnʲinʲ/

### Noun

cáithnín m (genitive singular cáithnín, nominative plural cáithníní)
* mote, particle, speck
    cáithnín deannaigh ― speck of dust
* (physics) particle
* fleck, small flake
    Synonym: calóg
* poser (particularly difficult question or puzzle)
* (in the plural) goose flesh, goose bumps
* snowflake
    Synonym: calóg shneachta
* (obsolete) husk (exterior of certain vegetables or fruits)
    Synonym: crotal

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
cáithnín
cáithníní
vocative
a cháithnín
a cháithníní
genitive
cáithnín
cáithníní
dative
cáithnín
cáithníní
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an cáithnín
na cáithníní
genitive
an cháithnín
na gcáithníní
dative
leis an gcáithnín don cháithnín
leis na cáithníní :

#### Derived terms

* alfa-cháithnín (“alpha particle”)
* béite-cháithnín (“beta particle”)
* fisic cháithníní (“particle physics”)
* luasaire cáithníní (“particle accelerator”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ “cáithnín”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
* ↑ Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cáithnín”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 93

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “cáinín”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 106
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “cáiṫnín”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 109
# ascendancy
## English
### Alternative forms

* ascendency

### Etymology

From ascend +‎ -ancy or ascendant +‎ -cy. The use in ecology is due to Robert Ulanowicz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əˈsɛndənsi/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

ascendancy (countable and uncountable, plural ascendancies)
* The quality of being in the ascendant; dominant control, supremacy.
    Synonyms: ascendant, superiority
** 2011 January 15, Phil McNulty, “Tottenham 0 - 0 Man Utd”, in BBC‎:Spurs ended the half in the ascendancy and Van der Vaart was again inches away from giving them the lead when he met Bale's cross but his header flew wide.
** 2018 July 18, Owen Jones, “The hard right can only be defeated from the left, not from the centre”, in The Guardian‎:The Tory hard right is in the ascendancy, and a fascist street movement – led by convicted fraudster Tommy Robinson – represents a growing threat.
* (historical, Ireland, sometimes capitalized) Ellipsis of Protestant Ascendancy, a class of Protestant landowners and professionals that dominated political and social life in Ireland up to the early 20th century.
** 1975, Terry Eagleton, New Left Review:[W. B. Yeats] belonged not to the ascendancy class but to the protestant bourgeoisie.
** 2017, John Gibney, “The Age of O'Connell”, in A Short History of Ireland, 1500–2000, New Haven: Yale University Press, →ISBN:True, the “ascendancy” remained a crucial and significant governing class in Irish life, and would remain so for generations.
* (ecology) A quantitative attribute of an ecosystem, defined as a function of the ecosystem's trophic network, and intended to indicate its ability to prevail against disturbance by virtue of its combined organization and size. [from 1986]
** 2009, Sven Erik Jørgensen, editor, Ecosystem Ecology, Academic Press, →ISBN, page 63:Ascendency was found to be a useful indicator for the health assessment of marine benthic ecosystems over space and time.

#### Derived terms

* ascendance

#### Related terms

* ascendant

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Protestant Ascendancy on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* ascendency (ecology) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* candy canes