# talamh
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish talam, from Proto-Celtic *talamū, from Proto-Indo-European *tl̥h₂-mon-, root *telh₂- (compare Latin tellus (“earth”)).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ˈt̪ˠɑl̪ˠəvˠ/
* (Galway) IPA: /ˈt̪ˠalˠə/, /ˈt̪ˠal̪ˠə/
* (Mayo) IPA: /ˈt̪ˠalˠuː/, /ˈt̪ˠal̪ˠuː/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈt̪ˠalˠuː/, /ˈt̪ˠal̪ˠuː/; /ˈt̪ˠɔlˠuː/, /ˈt̪ˠɔl̪ˠuː/

### Noun

talamh f or m (feminine genitive talún, masculine genitive talaimh, plural tailte)
* earth, ground, land
* earth
* dry land
* land, soil
* solid base (for discussion, understanding)

#### Declension
##### Feminine declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
talamh
tailte
vocative
a thalamh
a thailte
genitive
talún
tailte
dative
talamh talúin (archaic, dialectal)
tailte
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an talamh
na tailte
genitive
na talún
na dtailte
dative
leis an talamh leis an talúin (archaic, dialectal) don talamh don talúin (archaic, dialectal)
leis na tailte :

##### Masculine declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
talamh
tailte
vocative
a thalaimh
a thailte
genitive
talaimh
tailte
dative
talamh
tailte
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an talamh
na tailte
genitive
an talaimh
na dtailte
dative
leis an talamh don talamh
leis na tailte :
* Alternative plural: taltaí (Cois Fharraige)

#### Derived terms

* arcán talún (“aardvark, anteater”)
* ardtalamh
* ceapach thalún (“plot of land”)
* cnó talún (“earth-nut”)
* droichead talún (“land bridge”)
* eidhneán talún m (“ground ivy”)
* maidhm thalún (“landslide”)
* ó thalamh (“fundamentally, thoroughly”)
* os cionn talún/talaimh (“above ground”)
* péist talún f (“earthworm”)
* Talamh an Éisc (“Newfoundland”)
* talamh ard (“high ground, upland”)
* talamh feirme (“farmland”)
* Talamh Naofa (“the Holy Land”)
* talamhchrith (“earthquake”)
* talamhiarrthach (“terricolous”, adjective)
* talamhiata (“landlocked”, adjective)
* talamhluas (“ground speed”)
* talmhaí (“agriculturist; earthly”)
* talmhaigh (“to earth”, verb)
* tiarna talún (“landlord”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “talam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 163, page 82
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 379, page 127
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 25, page 13

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “talamh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “talamh”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “talamh”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish talam, from Proto-Celtic *talamū, from Proto-Indo-European *tl̥-mon-, root *tel- (compare Latin tellus (“earth”)).

### Pronunciation

* (Lewis, Wester Ross) IPA: /ˈt̪ʰal̪ˠu/, [ˈt̪ʰɑl̪ˠʊ]
* (Harris, much of Skye) IPA: /ˈt̪ʰal̪ˠəv/
* (Uist, Barra) IPA: /ˈt̪ʰal̪ˠu/, [ˈt̪ʰɑl̪ˠu]

### Noun

talamh m or f (genitive singular talmhainn, plural talamhan or talmhainnean)
* (masculine only) Earth (planet)
    Synonym: cruinne-cè
* earth, soil, ground
    Synonym: ùir
* land, country, territory
    Synonym: tìr

#### Usage notes

* Primarily masculine but feminine in genitive singular.

#### Declension

* Alternative genitive singular: talmhainne, talmhana (South Uist, Barra)

#### Derived terms

* dè air thalamh?
* talamh àitich
* Talamh an Èisg
* talamh bàn

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN
* ↑ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎, Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “talamh”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “talam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language