# γένος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *génos. Cognate with Latin genus, Sanskrit जनस् (jánas), Old Armenian ծին (cin), among others; see also γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “to be born”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡé.nos/ → /ˈʝe.nos/ → /ˈʝe.nos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɡé.nos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈɡe.nos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈʝe.nos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈʝe.nos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈʝe.nos/

### Noun

γένος • (génos) n (genitive γένεος or γένους); third declension
* race, stock, kin
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.354:ἀμφοτέροισιν ὁμὸν γένος ἠδ᾽ ἴα πάτρη
** direct descent, as opposed to collateral relationship
*** 4th century BC, Isaeus, Ciron 33:γένος γὰρ ἀλλ᾽ οὐχὶ συγγένεια τοῦτ᾽ ἐστίν
* offspring, descendant
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.180:ἣ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἔην θεῖον γένος οὐδ᾽ ἀνθρώπων
** (collective) offspring, posterity
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.126.11:ἐκεῖνοί τε ἐκαλοῦντο καὶ τὸ γένος τὸ ἀπ᾽ ἐκείνων
* (in general) race of beings
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.23:ἡμιθέων γένος ἀνδρῶνhēmithéōn génos andrôn
** family, clan, house
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.35.1:Φρὺξ μὲν γενεῇ, γένεος δὲ τοῦ βασιληΐουPhrùx mèn geneêi, géneos dè toû basilēḯou
** tribe, nation, race, as a subdivision of ἔθνος (éthnos)
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.56.1
** caste
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.164.1:ἔστι δὲ Αἰγυπτίων ἑπτὰ γένεαésti dè Aiguptíōn heptà géneaThe Egyptians are divided into seven classes
** breed of animals
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.29
* age, generation, time of life
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.215:γένει ὕστεροςgénei hústeros
* sex, gender
** 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 189d
** (grammar) grammatical gender
* class, sort, kind
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cynegeticus 3.1:Τὰ δὲ γένη τῶν κυνῶν διττάTà dè génē tôn kunôn dittáThe hounds used are of two kinds
** (logic) the opposite of εἶδος (eîdos, “species”)
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1059β.36:τὰ γένη δ᾽ εἰς εἴδη πλείω καὶ διαφέροντα διαιρεῖται
** (taxonomy) class
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 1.6.490b.7
*** (taxonomy) genus
**** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 1.1.487b.17:τὸ τῶν καρκίνων γένοςtò tôn karkínōn génos
*** species of plant; crop, produce; material
**** 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 4.8.13
**** PTeb. 66.43:ἄλλοις γένεσι τοῖς πρὸς πυρὸν διοικουμένοιςállois génesi toîs pròs puròn dioikouménois
** element
*** 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 54b

#### Related terms

* γενεά (geneá)
* γένεσις (génesis)
* -γενής (-genḗs)
* γέννα (génna)
* γίγνομαι (gígnomai)
* γόνος (gónos)

#### Descendants

* → Aramaic: גניסא, גנסא
* Greek: γένος (génos)

### References

* “γένος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “γένος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* γένος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* γένος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* Bauer lexicon
* G1085 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek γένος (génos). Also see γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I am born”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʝenos/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: γέ‧νος

### Noun

γένος • (génos) n (plural γένη)
* family
* nation
* (taxonomy, biology) genus
* (grammar) gender (masculine, feminine, etc)
* maiden name, née
    Η Ελένη Παπαδοπούλου, το γένος Μενεγάκη.I Eléni Papadopoúlou, to génos Menegáki.Eleni Papadopoulou née Menegaki.

#### Coordinate terms

* επικράτεια f (epikráteia, “domain”)
* ομοταξία f (omotaxía, “class”)
* γένος n (génos, “genus”)
* βασίλειο n (vasíleio, “kingdom”)
* τάξη f (táxi, “order”)
* είδος n (eídos, “species”)
* συνομοταξία f (synomotaxía, “phylum”)
* οικογένεια f (oikogéneia, “family”)
* υποείδος n (ypoeídos, “subspecies”)

#### Related terms

* -γενής (-genís)
* γενεά f (geneá, “generation”)
* γενεαλογία f (genealogía, “genealogy”)
* γένεση f (génesi, “birth, beginning”)
* γενέσθαι (genésthai)
* γενεσιουργός (genesiourgós)
* γενετικός (genetikós, “genetic”)
* γενιά f (geniá, “generation”)
* γόνος m (gónos, “offspring”)
and see
* γέννα f (génna, “birth”)
* γεννάω (gennáo, “I give birth”)
* γέννηση f (génnisi, “birth”)
* γίνομαι (gínomai, “Ι become”)

#### Further reading

* Γένος (βιολογία) on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$