# शिला
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शिला (śilā).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʃɪ.lɑː/, [ʃɪ.läː]
* Hyphenation: शि‧ला

### Noun

शिला • (śilā) f (Urdu spelling شلا)
* stone, rock

#### Declension
### See also

* चट्टान (caṭṭān)
* पत्थर (patthar)

## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शिला (śilā). Doublet of शिळा (śiḷā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɕi.la/
* Hyphenation: शि‧ला

### Noun

शिला • (śilā) f
* stone, especially a large, flat and hard stone
* a slab

#### Declension
### See also

* दगड (dagaḍ)
* पत्थर (patthar)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “शिला”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “शिला”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “शिला”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “शिला”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* শিলা (Assamese script)
* ᬰᬶᬮᬵ (Balinese script)
* শিলা (Bengali script)
* 𑰫𑰰𑰩𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀰𑀺𑀮𑀸 (Brahmi script)
* ၐိလာ (Burmese script)
* શિલા (Gujarati script)
* ਸ਼ਿਲਾ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌶𑌿𑌲𑌾 (Grantha script)
* ꦯꦶꦭꦴ (Javanese script)
* 𑂬𑂱𑂪𑂰 (Kaithi script)
* ಶಿಲಾ (Kannada script)
* ឝិលា (Khmer script)
* ຨິລາ (Lao script)
* ശിലാ (Malayalam script)
* ᡧᡳᠯᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
* 𑘫𑘱𑘩𑘰 (Modi script)
* ᠱᠢᠯᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧋𑧒𑧉𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐱𑐶𑐮𑐵 (Newa script)
* ଶିଲା (Odia script)
* ꢯꢶꢭꢵ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆯𑆴𑆬𑆳 (Sharada script)
* 𑖫𑖰𑖩𑖯 (Siddham script)
* ශිලා (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩿𑩑𑩽𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚧𑚮𑚥𑚭 (Takri script)
* ஶிலா (Tamil script)
* శిలా (Telugu script)
* ศิลา (Thai script)
* ཤི་ལཱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒬𑒱𑒪𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨮𑨁𑨬𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱHl-eh₂ (“stone”), which, if correct, is also the source of Old Armenian սալ (sal, “stone, rock”). This theory was tentatively favored by Mayrhofer, albeit with strong reservations, and has since come to be favored by Armenologists including Martirosyan.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕi.lɑ́ː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɕi.l̪ɑː/

### Noun

शिला • (śilā́) stem, f
* stone, rock, crag (Av.)
* red arsenic (Suśr.)
* camphor (L.)
* vein, tendon (L.)
* top of the pillar supporting a house (L.)

#### Derived terms

* तक्षशिला (takṣaśilā)

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kashmiri: شیل (śēl)
** Shina: شل (šil)
* Pali: silā
* Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀮𑀸 (silā)
** Central:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Gujarati: સળ (saḷ), સલી (salī), સળાડ઼ી (saḷāṛī), સળાડ઼ૂં (saḷāṛū̃)
**** Hindustani: sil
***** Hindi: सिल, सिली
***** Urdu: سِل, سِلِی
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit:
**** Bengali: শিল (śil)
**** Assamese: শিল (xil)
**** Sylheti: ꠢꠤꠟ (hil)
**** Odia: ସିଳ (siḷa), ସିଳା (siḷā)
** Northern:
*** Khasa Prakrit:
**** Central Pahari:
***** Kumaoni: सिली (silī), सिलो (silo)
**** Eastern Pahari:
***** Nepali: सिलि (sili)
** Southern:
*** Helu Prakrit:
**** Dhivehi: ހިލަ (hila)
**** Sinhalese: සෙල (sela), සල (sala)
*** Maharastri Prakrit:
**** Marathi: शिळ (śiḷ)
** Western:
*** Takka Apabhramsa:
**** Punjabi: sil
    Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਲ
    Shahmukhi script: سِلَ
***** Lahnda: سلھ (silh)
*** Vracada Apabhramsa:
**** Sindhi: sira
    Arabic script: سِرَ
    Devanagari script: सिर
* → Hindi: शिला (śilā)
* → Marathi: शिला (śilā)
* → Old Javanese: śilā
** Javanese: ꦱꦺꦭ (séla)
** → Balinese: ᬰᬶᬮᬵ (sila)
* → Sylheti: ꠡꠤꠟꠣ (śila)

### References

* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śilā́-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 640
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) “śilā́”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 343
* ↑ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “sal”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 563–565

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “शिला”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1073/1.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sila”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 722