# ujuma
## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *ujudak (*uidak + *-udak), ultimately from Proto-Uralic *uje-.
Phonetically similar stems can be found in Tungusic languages, compare Evenki уюми (ujumi), уюктами (ujuktami, “to swim (of birds)”).
Cognates include Finnish uida, Votic ujjua, Livonian vȯigõ, Võro ujoma, Ingrian uijua, Karelian ujuo, Ludian and Veps ujuda; Northern Sami vuodjat (from Proto-Samic *vuojëtēk); Erzya and Moksha уемс (ujems); Eastern Mari ияш (ijaš), Western Mari илӓш (iläš); Udmurt уяны (ujany), Komi-Zyrian уйны (ujny); Northern Mansi уйгалаӈкве (ujgalaňkve), Northern Khanty вөщты (wøsjty), Southern Khanty [script needed] (üj-), Hungarian úszik; Tundra Nenets ӈохолась (ŋoxolasʹ°) and Southern Selkup у́ргу (úrgu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈujumɑ/, [ˈüjümɑ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ujumɑ
* Hyphenation: uju‧ma

### Verb

ujuma (da-infinitive ujuda) (intransitive)
* to swim (to move forward in water without resting on the bottom)
    Ma ei oska ujuda. ― I don't know how to swim.
    Ujusime üle jõe. ― We swam across the river.
    Ära uju kaldast liiga kaugele. ― Don't swim too far from shore.
    Suvel käisime iga päev ujumas. ― In the summer we went swimming every day.
    Ujub nagu kala. ― (S)he swims like a fish (= is a good swimmer)
    Kala ujub uimi liigutades. ― Fish swim by moving their fins.
    Merihobuke ujub püstasendis. ― The seahorse swims in an upright position.
    Tiigil ujusid luiged. ― Swans were swimming in the pond.
    Saarmas ujub ja sukeldub väga hästi. ― Otters swim and dive very well.
    Vene kirvest ujuma ― to not be able to swim (literally, “to swim the Russian axe”)
** 1925, Jaan Kärner, „Estonia“ kuuskümmend aastat, Tallinn: T. E. S. Estonia, →ISBN, page 122:Üldse aga ei näi sõja ajal draama tõmbawat. Nõutakse naljamängu, janti, operetti, mis laseks paariks tunnikski unustada seisukorra tõsiduse. Sarnasele meeleolule peab teatrijuhatus järele andma juba majanduse pärast Kui ei taheta mängida tühjale majale, ei jää muud üle, kui ujuda periwett ühes publiku maitsetega.[Üldse aga ei näi sõja ajal draama tõmbavat. Nõutakse komöödiat, farssi, operetti, mis laseks paariks tunnikski unustada olukorra tõsiduse. Sellisele meeleolule peab teatri juhatus järele andma juba majanduse pärast. Kui ei taheta mängida tühjale majale, ei jää muud üle, kui ujuda pärivett koos publiku maitsega.]In general, however, there doesn't seem to be much demand for drama in the wartime. The people demand comedies, farces, operettas, which would make them forget the seriousness of the situation for just a few hours. The theatre management has to give in to this mood for the sake of the economy. If you don't want to play to an empty house, you have no choice but to go with the audience's taste.
* to float (to stay on the surface of the water and move a little bit; to be carried by the water current)
    Ankrupoi jäi veepinnale ujuma. ― The anchor buoy stayed afloat.
    Vees ujus igasugust prahti. ― There was all kinds of debris floating in the water.
    ujuvad jäämäed ― floating icebergs
    mööda jõge ujuvad jääpangad ― ice banks floating along the river
    supis ujuvad lihatükid ― chunks of meat floating in the soup
    Mööda jõge ujusid lodjad ja praamid. ― Rafts and barges were floating along the river.
** 1930, Jaan Kärner, chapter 2, in Unustatud Emajõgi, Tartu: Noor-Eesti, →ISBN, page 30:Suvel ja sügisel ta sageli sõitis kaasa Peipsile pöörduvate venelastega, kelle pikkamisi pärivett ujuvad lodjad lõhnasid tõrvast, põletatud viinast ja avarusest.In summer and autumn, he often travelled with Russians returning to the Peipsi, whose longboats floating with the stream smelled of tar, burnt vodka and vastitude.
* to flood, to be drenched (to be full of or overflowing with water or other liquid) [with inessive or (genitive +) sees; or with elative or (genitive +) seest ‘in/with’]
    Sügis oli vihmane, teed ujusid porist ja veest. ― It was a rainy autumn, and the roads were flooding in mud and water.
    Laud ujus õllest. ― The table is drenched in beer.
    Nägu ujub higis. ― Your face is drenched in sweat.
    Silmad ujusid pisarais. ― His/her eyes were welling up with tears.
    Haavatu ujub veres. ― The wounded person is in a pool of blood.
** (figuratively) to be rich [with inessive or (genitive +) sees ‘in sth’]
    Saal ujus sadade elektrilampide säras. ― The hall was rich in the glow of hundreds of electric lights.
    Linnake ujub roheluses. ― The town is rich in greenery.
    See mees ujub raha sees. ― This man is swimming in money.
* (figuratively) to float (to move slowly and smoothly)
    Kõrgel taevas ujuvad valged pilved. ― White clouds float high in the sky.
    Udu ujub üle soo. ― The fog floats across the marsh.
    Kuu ujus pilve tagant välja. ― The moon floated out from behind a cloud.
    Valssivad paarid ujuvad mööda parketti. ― Waltzing couples float along the parquet floor.
    Kõik ujus ta pilgu ees nagu udus. ― Everything was floating in front of his/her eyes like a fog.
    Üle tüdruku näo ujus sügav puna. ― A deep blush spread across the girl's face.
** 1956 March 2, Friedebert Tuglas, “Siil [Hedgehog]”, in Sirp ja Vasar [Hammer and Sickle], number 9, page 6:Siin armastas Kusta oma karjaga peatuda: ühtlasi mets ja ometi avarustki, rohi paiguti rinnuni, aga loomad siiski näha. Lehmad rohmivad oma pikkade keeltega rohtu, lambad näksivad siit ja sealt ning tallekese pea viskub kepseldes põõsa tagant õhku. Kõikjal silmale-kõrvale rõõmu: rähn täksib kuskil ligidal, kägu häälitseb kajavalt kaugemal, aga kõrgel männilatvade kohal ujub kanakull sinises taevas.Kusta loved to stop here with his cattle: it was a forest and yet it was open, the grass was chest-high in places, but you could still see the animals. The cows were munching the grass with their long tongues, the sheep were nibbling here and there, and the head of a lamb was poking up from behind a bush. Everywhere, there's joy for the eyes: a chicken pecks somewhere nearby, a cuckoo calls loudly in the distance, but high above the pine trees a hen-owl flies in the blue sky.
* (colloquial, with a particle) to appear, to emerge
    Poisid pidasid pidu, kui järsku vanemad sisse ujusid. ― The boys were having a party when suddenly their parents came in.
    Pole teda kaua nähtud, kust ta nüüd välja ujus? ― We haven't seen him for a long time, where did he come from now?
    Purjus mees ujus tüdrukule külje alla. ― The drunk man wheedled the girl. (literally, “ […] swam under the side of the girl.”)
    Sõja ajal ujusid igasugused sulid jälle lagedale. ― During the war, all sorts of crooks reappeared.
    Päevavalgele ujusid uued probleemid. ― New problems came to light.
* (finance) to float (to freely evolve according to supply and demand)

#### Derived terms

* ujuja
* ujuk
* ujula
* ujum
* ujumine
* ujur
* ujuvus
* ujutama

#### Compounds

* ujujalg
* ujukurss
* ujuleht
* ujulest
* ujumiin
* ujupart
* ujupinnas
* ujupõis
* ujupüük
* ujuvauto
* ujuvbaas
* ujuvdokk
* ujuvkai
* ujuvkraana
* ujuvkülmla
* ujuvmiin
* ujuvtöökoda
* ujuvvõrk

#### Related terms

* uim
* uisk
* uitama

### References

* ujuma in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
* “ujuma”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009