# tabhair
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish ·tabair, prototonic form of do·beir.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ˈt̪ˠuːɾʲ/
* (Connacht, Ulster) IPA: /ˈt̪ˠoːɾʲ/
* Note: The phrase tabhair dhom (“give me, gimme”) is pronounced /ˈt̪ˠɔɾˠəmˠ/ in rapid speech.

### Verb

tabhair (present analytic tugann, future analytic tabharfaidh, verbal noun tabhairt, past participle tugtha) (transitive, intransitive)
* give
* bring

#### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | tugaim | tugann tú; tugair$^†$ | tugann sé, sí | tugaimid; tugann muid | tugann sibh | tugann siad; tugaid$^†$ | a thugann; a thugas / a dtugann*; a dtugas* | tugtar |
| indicative | past | thug mé; thugas | thug tú; thugais | thug sé, sí | thugamar; thug muid | thug sibh; thugabhair | thug siad; thugadar | a thug / ar thug* | tugadh |
| indicative | past habitual | thugainn / dtugainn‡‡ | thugtá / dtugtá‡‡ | thugadh sé, sí / dtugadh sé, sí‡‡ | thugaimis; thugadh muid / dtugaimis‡‡; dtugadh muid‡‡ | thugadh sibh / dtugadh sibh‡‡ | thugaidís; thugadh siad / dtugaidís‡‡; dtugadh siad‡‡ | a thugadh / a dtugadh* | thugtaí / dtugtaí‡‡ |
| future | future | tabharfaidh mé; tabharfad | tabharfaidh tú; tabharfair$^†$ | tabharfaidh sé, sí | tabharfaimid; tabharfaidh muid | tabharfaidh sibh | tabharfaidh siad; tabharfaid$^†$ | a thabharfaidh; a thabharfas / a dtabharfaidh*; a dtabharfas* | tabharfar |
| conditional | conditional | thabharfainn / dtabharfainn‡‡ | thabharfá / dtabharfá‡‡ | thabharfadh sé, sí / dtabharfadh sé, sí‡‡ | thabharfaimis; thabharfadh muid / dtabharfaimis‡‡; dtabharfadh muid‡‡ | thabharfadh sibh / dtabharfadh sibh‡‡ | thabharfaidís; thabharfadh siad / dtabharfaidís‡‡; dtabharfadh siad‡‡ | a thabharfadh / a dtabharfadh* | thabharfaí / dtabharfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go dtuga mé; go dtugad$^†$ | go dtuga tú; go dtugair$^†$ | go dtuga sé, sí | go dtugaimid; go dtuga muid | go dtuga sibh | go dtuga siad; go dtugaid$^†$ | — | go dtugtar |
| subjunctive | past | dá dtugainn | dá dtugtá | dá dtugadh sé, sí | dá dtugaimis; dá dtugadh muid | dá dtugadh sibh | dá dtugaidís; dá dtugadh siad | — | dá dtugtaí |
| imperative | imperative | tugaim | tabhair | tugadh sé, sí | tugaimis | tugaigí; tugaidh$^†$ | tugaidís | — | tugtar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | tabhairt | tabhairt | tabhairt | tabhairt | tabhairt | tabhairt | tabhairt | tabhairt |
| past participle | past participle | tugtha | tugtha | tugtha | tugtha | tugtha | tugtha | tugtha | tugtha |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
in older literary language, and sometimes in spoken language, additional forms built on the stems bheir- and tabhr- are found:
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present independent | bheirim | bheir tú; bheirir | bheir sé, sí | bheirimid; bheir muid | bheir sibh | bheir siad; bheirid | a bheir; a bheireas | bheirtear |
| indicative | present dependent | tabhraim | tabhrann tú; tabhrair | tabhrann sé, sí | tabhraimid; tabhrann muid | tabhrann sibh | tabhrann siad; tabhraid | a dtabhrann*; a dtabhras* | tabhartar |
| indicative | past habitual independent | bheirinn | bheirteá | bheireadh sé, sí | bheirimis; bheireadh muid | bheireadh sibh | bheiridís; bheireadh siad | a bheireadh | bheirtí |
| indicative | past habitual dependent | tabhrainn | tabhartá | tabhradh sé, sí | tabhraimis; tabhradh muid | tabhradh sibh | tabhraidís; tabhradh siad | a dtabhradh* | tabhartaí |
| future independent | future independent | bhéarfaidh mé; bhéarfad | bhéarfaidh tú; bhéarfair | bhéarfaidh sé, sí | bhéarfaimid; bhéarfaidh muid | bhéarfaidh sibh | bhéarfaidh siad; bhéarfaid | a bhéarfaidh; a bhéarfas | bhéarfar |
| future dependent | future dependent | tiubhraidh mé; tiubhrad | tiubhraidh tú; tiubhrair | tiubhraidh sé, sí | tiubhraimid; tiubhraidh muid | tiubhraidh sibh | tiubhraidh siad; tiubhraid | a dtiubhraidh*; a dtiubhras* | tiubhrar |
| conditional independent | conditional independent | bhéarfainn | bhéarfá | bhéarfadh sé, sí | bhéarfaimis; bhéarfadh muid | bhéarfadh sibh | bhéarfaidís; bhéarfadh siad | a bhéarfadh | bhéarfaí |
| conditional dependent | conditional dependent | tiubhrainn | tiubhrá | tiubhradh sé, sí | tiubhraimis; tiubhradh muid | tiubhradh sibh | tiubhraidís; tiubhradh siad | a dtiubhradh* | tiubhraí |
| imperative | imperative | tabhraim | tabhair | tabhradh sé, sí | tabhraimis | tabhraigí; tabhraidh | tabhraidís | — | tabhartar |

#### Derived terms

* tabhair aird (“pay attention, heed”)
* tabhair ar (“give in exchange for; call, name”)
* tabhair as (“take, bring, out of”)
* tabhair chuig (“take to; bring to”)
* tabhair chun (“take to; bring to”)
* tabhair do (“give to; yield, concede, to”)
* tabhair faoi (“attempt, undertake; attack”)
* tabhair i (“take, bring, into”)
* tabhair isteach (“introduce; retrieve”)
* tabhair le (“grasp mentally, infer; turn towards”)
* tabhair ó (“bring from; make, attempt”)
* tabhair suas (“give up”)
* tabhartha (“illegitimate”)
* tabharthach (“dative”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “do·beir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “tabhair”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “do-ḃeirim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 249
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “tugaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 763
* “tabhair”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish ·tabair, prototonic form of do·beir.

### Verb

tabhair (past thug, future bheir, verbal noun toirt, past participle tugta)
* give, bestow, grant

#### Usage notes

* tabhair and thoir are interchangeable.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “do·beir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “tabhair”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* MacLennan, Malcolm (1925) A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Edinburgh: J. Grant, →OCLC