OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# लाञ्छ्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* লাঞ্ছ্ (Assamese script)
* ᬮᬵᬜ᭄ᬙ᭄ (Balinese script)
* লাঞ্ছ্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰩𑰯𑰗𑰿𑰔𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀮𑀸𑀜𑁆𑀙𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* လာဉ္ဆ် (Burmese script)
* લાઞ્છ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਲਾਞ੍ਛ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌲𑌾𑌞𑍍𑌛𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦭꦴꦚ꧀ꦖ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂪𑂰𑂖𑂹𑂓𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಲಾಞ್ಛ್ (Kannada script)
* លាញ្ឆ៑ (Khmer script)
* ລາຎ຺ຉ຺ (Lao script)
* ലാഞ്ഛ് (Malayalam script)
* ᠯᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᡳᠶᡮ (Manchu script)
* 𑘩𑘰𑘗𑘿𑘔𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠯᠠᢗᡛᠼ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧉𑧑𑦷𑧠𑦴𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐮𑐵𑐘𑑂𑐕𑑂 (Newa script)
* ଲାଞ୍ଛ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢭꢵꢛ꣄ꢘ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆬𑆳𑆚𑇀𑆗𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖩𑖯𑖗𑖿𑖔𑖿 (Siddham script)
* ලාඤ්‍ඡ් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩽𑩛𑩥 𑪙𑩢 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚥𑚭𑚓𑚶𑚐𑚶 (Takri script)
* லாஞ்ச்² (Tamil script)
* లాఞ్ఛ్ (Telugu script)
* ลาญฺฉฺ (Thai script)
* ལཱ་ཉྪ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒪𑒰𑒘𑓂𑒕𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨬𑨊𑨓𑩇𑨤𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /lɑːɲt͡ɕʰ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /l̪ɑːɲt͡ɕʰ/

### Root

लाञ्छ् • (lāñch)
* to mark, distinguish, characterise

#### Derived terms

* लाञ्छन (lāñchana)
* लाञ्छित (lāñchita)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “लाञ्छ्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 900.
# děda
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɟɛda]
* Rhymes: -ɛda

### Noun

děda m anim
* grandfather
    Synonym: dědeček
* old man
    Synonym: stařec

#### Related terms

* děd
* dědeček
* dědek
* dědoušek

### Further reading

* “děda”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “děda”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “děda”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# cròmpa
## Occitan
### Alternative forms

* crompa (Languedoc)

### Noun

cròmpa f (plural cròmpas) (Provençal)
* buy, purchase

#### Related terms

* crompar
# տև
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian տև (tew).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /tev/, [tev]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /dev/, [dev]

### Noun

տև • (tew)
* (archaic) duration

#### Declension
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dewH-. Cognate with Latin dūro, dūdum, Ancient Greek δήν (dḗn), δηρός (dērós), Old Church Slavonic давѣ (davě) (Russian давно (davno)).

### Noun

տև • (tew) indeclinable
* duration
    ի տև ― i tew ― durably, lastingly, for ever
    ի տև երթալ, պահիլ ― i tew ertʻal, pahil ― to last, to persevere, to continue; to endure, to support, to bear

#### Derived terms

* անտևական (antewakan)
* անտևելի (anteweli)
* բազմատևական (bazmatewakan)
* երկարատևութիւն (erkaratewutʻiwn)
* միատևակ (miatewak)
* յարատև (yaratew)
* յարատևակ (yaratewak)
* յարատևական (yaratewakan)
* յարատևանամ (yaratewanam)
* յարատևեմ (yaratewem)
* յարատևիմ (yaratewim)
* յարատևող (yaratewoł)
* յարատևողագոյն (yaratewołagoyn)
* յարատևողական (yaratewołakan)
* յարատևողութիւն (yaratewołutʻiwn)
* յարատևութիւն (yaratewutʻiwn)
* յարտևական (yartewakan)
* յարտևանամ (yartewanam)
* յարտևողագոյն (yartewołagoyn)
* յարտևողանամ (yartewołanam)
* տևական (tewakan)
* տևականութիւն (tewakanutʻiwn)
* տևակութիւն (tewakutʻiwn)
* տևեմ (tewem)
* տևիմ (tewim)
* տևողագոյն (tewołagoyn)
* տևողական (tewołakan)
* տևողութիւն (tewołutʻiwn)
* տևութիւն (tewutʻiwn)
* տևումն (tewumn)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: տև (tew) (learned)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “տև”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “տև”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “տև”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# ftalan
## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfta.lan/
* Rhymes: -alan
* Syllabification: fta‧lan

### Noun

ftalan m inan
* phthalate (any salt or ester of a phthalic acid)

#### Related terms

* ftalowy
* ftaleina

### Further reading

* ftalan in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* ftalany in PWN's encyclopedia
# beamish
## English
### Etymology

From beam +‎ -ish.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: bē'mĭsh, IPA: /ˈbiːmɪʃ/

### Adjective

beamish (comparative more beamish, superlative most beamish)
* (nonce word) Radiantly beaming; happy; cheerful.
** 1872, Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky:And hast thou slain the Jabberwock? Come to my arms, my beamish boy!
** 1876, Lewis Carroll, The Hunting of the Snark […] , London: Macmillan, Fit the Third.⁠ The Baker's Tale:But oh, beamish nephew, beware of the day, If your Snark be a Boojum!

#### Derived terms

* beamishly
# parfumeur
## French
### Etymology

From parfumer +‎ -eur.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paʁ.fy.mœʁ/
* Audio (Paris):(file)

### Noun

parfumeur m (plural parfumeurs, feminine parfumeuse)
* perfumer (maker of perfumes)
* perfumer (someone who sells perfumes)

#### Related terms

* parfum
* parfumerie

#### Descendants

* → German: Parfümeur
* → Russian: парфюме́р (parfjumér)

### Further reading

* “parfumeur”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# haragán
## Spanish
### Etymology

According to the Royal Spanish Academy, most likely derived from Andalusian Arabic كان خرا (ḵrā kān), meaning "it was shit".
An alternative theory is a borrowing from Old High German arag, arg (“worthless, lazy, bad”) or Gothic *𐌰𐍂𐌲𐍃 (*args), both from Proto-Germanic *argaz, whence also Old English earg, English eerie, arch, argh.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aɾaˈɡan/ [a.ɾaˈɣ̞ãn]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: ha‧ra‧gán

### Adjective

haragán (feminine haragana, masculine plural haraganes, feminine plural haraganas)
* lazy (unwilling to work)
    Synonyms: holgazán, perezoso, flojo

### Noun

haragán m (plural haraganes, feminine haragana, feminine plural haraganas)
* idler, loafer
* (Cuba, Venezuela, northern Argentina) squeegee mop

#### Derived terms

* haraganear
* haraganería

### Further reading

* “haragán”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Lack
## German
### Etymology

16th century, from Italian lacca, from Arabic لَكّ (lakk), from Persian لاک (lâk), from Hindi लाख (lākh), from Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lak/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ak

### Noun

Lack m (strong, genitive Lackes or Lacks, plural Lacke)
* varnish (kind of paint) (used in some contexts where English says paint, e.g. car paint)

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

#### Derived terms

* Autolack
* lackieren
* Lackporling
* Nagellack
* Siegellack

### Further reading

* “Lack” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Lack” in Duden online

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Italian lacca, from Arabic لَكّ (lakk), from Persian لاک (lâk), from Hindi लाख (lākh), from Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lɑk/
* Rhymes: -ɑk

### Noun

Lack m (plural Lacker or Lacken)
* lacquer, varnish

#### Derived terms

* Hoerlack

### Further reading

* Lack in the Lëtzebuerger Online Dictionnaire
# obleva
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈoblɛva]

### Noun

obleva f
* thaw

#### Related terms

* lít
* nalévat

#### See also

* tání

### Further reading

* “obleva”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “obleva”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “obleva”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# homaloidal
## English
### Etymology

Ancient Greek ὁμαλός (homalós, “even, level”) + +‎ -oid.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

homaloidal (not comparable)
* (geometry) flat; even; applied to surfaces and spaces in which the definitions, axioms, and postulates of Euclid respecting parallel straight lines are assumed to hold true.

#### Derived terms

* homaloid
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “homaloidal”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
# kaučukárna
## Czech
### Etymology

From kaučuk +‎ -árna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkau̯t͡ʃukaːrna]
* Rhymes: -aːrna

### Noun

kaučukárna f
* rubber factory

#### Related terms

* kaučuk

### Further reading

* “kaučukárna”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
# zer moduz
## Basque

* This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

### Etymology

From zer (“what”) +‎ moduz (instrumental of modu (“way, manner”)), literally “by which way?”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /s̻er modus̻/ [s̻er mo.ð̞us̻]
* IPA: (most dialects) /s̻er modus̻/ [s̻er mo.ð̞us̻]
* IPA: (Biscayan) /s̺er modus̺/ [s̺er mo.ð̞us̺]
* Hyphenation: zer mo‧duz

### Adverb

zer moduz (interrogative)
* (Gipuzkoan) how
    Synonym: nola

#### Derived terms

* zer moduzko (“like what, of what form”)

### Phrase

zer moduz?
* how are you?

### Further reading

* “zer moduz”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
* “zer moduz”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
# diatribe
## English
### Etymology

First attested 1581, borrowed from French diatribe, from Latin diatriba (“learned discussion or discourse”), from Ancient Greek διατριβή (diatribḗ, “way of spending time, lecture”), from διά (diá, “through”) + τρίβω (tríbō, “I waste, wear out”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdaɪ.əˌtɹaɪb/, enPR: dīˈ -ə-trībˌ
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

diatribe (plural diatribes)
* An abusive, bitter verbal or written attack, criticism or denunciation.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:diatribe
    The senator was prone to diatribes which could go on for more than an hour.
** 1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad‎:“… No rogue e’er felt the halter draw, with a good opinion of the law, and perhaps my own detestation of the law arises from my having frequently broken it. If this long diatribe bores you, just say so, and I’ll cut it short.”
** 1991, Bill Crow, Jazz Anecdotes‎, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 316:You know, it’s all this racial diatribe, and very strong language, screaming at the top of his lungs into the telephone.
** 2000 July 8, J. K. Rowling [pseudonym; Joanne Rowling], “Back to the Burrow”, in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Harry Potter; 4), London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 40:Aunt Petunia wasn’t eating anything at all. Her arms were folded, her lips were pursed and she seemed to be chewing her tongue, as though biting back the furious diatribe she longed to throw at Harry.
** 2021 May 5, Philip Haigh, “I think we need better than this from the rail industry”, in RAIL, number 930, page 51:Lest this [be] read as a diatribe against DfT, I have some sympathy with it. That's because whenever there's a problem with the railway, the industry's solution is to ask DfT for billions of pounds.
* A prolonged discourse; a long-winded speech.

#### Derived terms

* diatribal
* diatribist

#### Translations
## French
### Etymology

From Latin diatriba (“learned discussion or discourse”), from Ancient Greek διατριβή (diatribḗ, “way of spending time, lecture”), from διά (diá, “through”) + τρίβω (tríbō, “to waste, wear out”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dja.tʁib/
* Rhymes: -ib

### Noun

diatribe f (plural diatribes)
* diatribe (abusive, bitter discourse)

#### Descendants

* English: diatribe
* Portuguese: diatribe
* Spanish: diatriba

### Further reading

* “diatribe”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Italian
### Noun

diatribe f
* plural of diatriba

### Anagrams

* ibridate, ribadite

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from French diatribe.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /d͡ʒi.aˈtɾi.bi/ [d͡ʒɪ.aˈtɾi.bi], (faster pronunciation) /d͡ʒjaˈtɾi.bi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /d͡ʒi.aˈtɾi.bi/ [d͡ʒɪ.aˈtɾi.bi], (faster pronunciation) /d͡ʒjaˈtɾi.bi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /d͡ʒi.aˈtɾi.be/ [d͡ʒɪ.aˈtɾi.be], (faster pronunciation) /d͡ʒjaˈtɾi.be/
* (Portugal) IPA: /di.ɐˈtɾi.bɨ/ [di.ɐˈtɾi.βɨ], (faster pronunciation) /djɐˈtɾi.bɨ/ [djɐˈtɾi.βɨ]
* Hyphenation: di‧a‧tri‧be

### Noun

diatribe f (plural diatribes)
* diatribe (bitter denunciation)
    Synonyms: catilinária, injúria
* diatribe (prolonged discourse)
# suriaw
## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /suˈɾiʔaw/ [suˈɾi.ʔaʊ̯]
* Hyphenation: su‧ri‧aw

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

suríaw (Basahan spelling ᜐᜓᜍᜒᜀᜏ᜔)
* glare
    Synonyms: sula, silaw

##### Derived terms

* magsuriaw
* makasuriaw
* masuriaw
* suriawon

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

suríaw (Basahan spelling ᜐᜓᜍᜒᜀᜏ᜔)
* Alternative form of suriyaw (“shout, scream”)
# amizade
## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese amizade (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *amīcitātem, derived from Latin amīcus (“friend”). Cognate with Spanish amistad.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /amiˈθaðe̝/

### Noun

amizade f (plural amizades)
* friendship
    Antonym: inimizade
** 1380, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 613:Rogolles por amor de deus et por lo amor et amizade que con elles senpre ouue que cunplan esta mina manda do dia que eu finar ata dous mesesI ask of them [the executors], for the love of God and for the love and friendship that I always had with them, to carry out this testament of mine in two months from the day I die

#### Related terms

* amigo

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “amizade”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “amizade” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “amizade”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “amizade”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “amar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese amizade, amiçade, amizidade, from Vulgar Latin *amīcitātem, derived from Latin amīcus (“friend”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /a.miˈza.d͡ʒi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /a.miˈza.d͡ʒi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /a.miˈza.de/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.miˈza.dɨ/ [ɐ.miˈza.ðɨ]
* Hyphenation: a‧mi‧za‧de

### Noun

amizade f (plural amizades)
* (uncountable) friendship
    Antonym: inimizade

#### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:amizade.

#### Derived terms

* amizade colorida
* pedido de amizade

#### Related terms

* amigo

### Further reading

* “amizade”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
# junior miss
## English
### Noun

junior miss (uncountable)
* A clothing size for girls or women.
    Coordinate terms: junior, misses

#### See also

* girlswear
# phentermine
## English
### Etymology

Contraction of phenyl-tertiary-butylamine.

### Noun

phentermine (uncountable)
* An appetite suppressant of the amphetamine and phenethylamine classes.
** 2010, Jillian Lauren, Some Girls, page 231:I took the phentermine pills and started quietly obsessing about losing weight again.

#### Derived terms

* fenfluramine-phentermine
* phentermine-fenfluramine
# trafficker
## English
### Etymology

From traffic +‎ -er.

### Noun

trafficker (plural traffickers)
* (chiefly derogatory) Someone who traffics; a trader or merchant of illegal products, or of legal products in an illegal setting.
    drug trafficker
    human trafficker
** 2008, Claire M. Renzetti, Jeffrey L. Edleson, Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Violence, SAGE, →ISBN:Trafficking Methods Traffickers may be members of organized crime networks or may be locals, friends, or even family members well known to the victim. […] In addition, traffickers may be involved in other criminal activities— for example, using the vehicles that transport victims and drugs out of a country to transport weapons or other items back in.

#### Derived terms

* drug trafficker
* human trafficker

#### Related terms

* trafficking

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “trafficker”, in Cambridge English Dictionary, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, 1999–present.
* “trafficker” in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Longman.
# calandria
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish calandria (“lark (bird); calander”), from Vulgar Latin *calandria, from Ancient Greek χαράδριος (kharádrios). First attested in 1886 in the sugar industry.

### Noun

calandria (plural calandrias)
* A form of heat exchanger in which steam is forced past tubes which contain water to be boiled.
* A thermosyphon reboiler.
* (brewing) A heating element within a brew kettle.
* A type of South American mockingbird with a black head (Mimus modulator or Mimus orpheus).

#### Derived terms

* calandria pan

### See also

* calandra

### References

* ↑ “calandria, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
* ↑ “calandria”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* ↑ “calandria”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

### Further reading

* “calandria”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
* calandria on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* adracalin

## Spanish
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

calandria f (plural calandrias)
* Certain species of lark-like birds.

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

calandria f (plural calandrias)
* calender (machine)

### Further reading

* “calandria”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# reinstitutionalize
## English
### Etymology

From re- +‎ institutionalize.

### Verb

reinstitutionalize (third-person singular simple present reinstitutionalizes, present participle reinstitutionalizing, simple past and past participle reinstitutionalized)
* (transitive) To institutionalize again or anew.
    Coordinate terms: deinstitutionalize, institutionalize

#### Related terms

* reinstitute
* reinstitution
* reinstitutionalization (noun)
# Reiter
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʁaɪ̯tɐ/

### Etymology 1

From Middle High German rîter, rîtære, from Old High German rîtari. Not of Proto-Germanic age, but an OHG formation from the verb rītan "to ride" (Anglo-Saxon rîdere and Old Icelandic ríðari are loans from OHG).
Low German has riddere, with short vowel and geminate. Middle High German forms seem to have varied between long and short vowel, riter vs. rîter respectively, the latter giving rise to the separate word Ritter (“knight”). Lachmann (1827) noted that Middle High German poetry avoided use of the word in rhyming position, indicating that the two forms were used interchangeably.

#### Noun

Reiter m (strong, genitive Reiters, plural Reiter, feminine Reiterin)
* rider (one who rides a horse)
* (military, historical) mounted man-at-arms, cuirassier
    Synonyms: Kürassier, Kavallerist
* (graphical user interface) tab (navigational widget in a GUI)
    Synonym: Registerkarte

##### Derived terms

* Herrenreiter
* Paragraphenreiter
* Postreiter
* Prinzipienreiter
* Reiterei
* Vorreiter

##### Related terms

* Ritter

### Etymology 2

From Middle High German rītere, from Old High German rîtera, attested as glossing cribrum, from Proto-West Germanic *hrīdrā (“sieve”). Cognate with Old English hridder (English riddle (“sieve”)); also Latin cribrum, Ancient Greek κρίμνον (krímnon) (κρίνω (krínō)). Early New High German forms reyter, raiter, reuter.

#### Noun

Reiter f (genitive Reiter, plural Reiter)
* (archaic except Austria) winnowing sieve

##### Declension
#### Proper noun

Reiter m or f (proper noun, surname, masculine genitive Reiters or (with an article) Reiter, feminine genitive Reiter, plural Reiters or Reiter)
* a surname

### Further reading

* “Reiter” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Reiter (Reitender, Soldat, Gewicht)” in Duden online
* “Reiter (sieve)” in Duden online
* “Reiter” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
* Reiter on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$
* Reiter (surname) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### References

* ↑ Georg Friedrich Benecke und Karl Lachmann, Iwein. Hartmann von Aue (1827).
# citrullination
## English
### Etymology

From citrulline +‎ -ation.

### Noun

citrullination (plural citrullinations)
* (biochemistry) The posttranslational modification of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline.
    Synonym: deimination
** 2017, B. Amin, W. Voelter, “Human Deiminases”, in A. Douglas Kinghorn, Heinz Falk, Simon Gibbons, Jun'ichi Kobayashi, editors, Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, Volume 106, Springer, page 220:Naturally occurring/substituted amino acids, flanking targeted arginine, influence its susceptibility to citrullination by peptidylarginine deiminases.
** 2017, Alastair Wilkins, Progressive Multiple Sclerosis, 2nd edition, Springer, page 141:In MS citrullination is the most studied PTM$^{[post-translationalmodification]}$ from those listed in Table 6.1.
** 2019, Shuzheng Song, Yingyan Yu, Progression on Citrullination of Proteins in Gastrointestinal Cancers, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Jian-ye Zhang, Yunkai Zhang, Yan-yan Yan (editors), Targeted Cancer Therapies, From Small Molecules to Antibodies, Frontiers Media, page 162,
    The exact effect of citrullination of proteins on cancer should be studied further.
    Citrullination of proteins is not only detected in in vitro experiments, but also in human blood.

#### Derived terms

* autocitrullination
* hypercitrullination
# szkapa
## Polish
### Etymology

Uncertain. Perhaps inherited from Proto-Slavic *skapa, from *skopiti. Compare Ukrainian шка́па (škápa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʂka.pa/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Przemyśl) IPA: [ˈʂka.pa]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -apa
* Syllabification: szka‧pa

### Noun

szkapa f (diminutive szkapina or szkapka, augmentative szkapisko or szkapsko)
* jade (horse that is scrawny or in poor condition)
    Synonyms: chabeta, (dialectal) chudoba, (dialectal) marcha, muc, rosynant

#### Derived terms

* szkapi
* zeszkapiały
* szkapię
* szkapieć impf, zeszkapieć pf

### Further reading

* szkapa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* szkapa in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Aleksander Saloni (1899) “szkapa”, in “Lud wiejski w okolicy Przeworska”, in M. Arct, E. Lubowski, editors, Wisła : miesięcznik gieograficzno-etnograficzny (in Polish), volume 13, Warsaw: Artur Gruszecki, page 245 (425)