# -w
## Egyptian
### Etymology 1

Possibly derived from a lengthened form of Proto-Afroasiatic *-u (nominative case marker).

#### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /aw/, /w/ → /aw/, /w/ → /(ə)/, /ʔ/, /w/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /aw/, /w/, sometimes with ablaut; specific nouns used either one form of the suffix, the other, or both in free variation
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /aw/, /w/, as in Old Egyptian
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /(ə)/, /ʔ/, respectively, but IPA: /w/ in consonant stem nouns (often metathesized to precede the preceding consonant), all sometimes with ablaut or further changes; regularity is lost
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /uː/
** Conventional anglicization: -u

#### Suffix

* Used to form the masculine plural forms of nouns and adjectives

##### Usage notes

The plural is occasionally represented by writing the phonetic or determinative glyph three times, e.g. tꜣw:

##### Derived terms

* -wj
* -wt

#### See also

* 𓅱

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Afroasiatic *-u (nominative case marker).

#### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /w/ → /w/ → /(w)/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /w/
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /w/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) usually lost, but IPA: /w/ after a stressed vowel
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /uː/
** Conventional anglicization: -u

#### Suffix

* Forms a-stem masculine nouns from roots.
    ḥfꜣ- → ḥfꜣw (“(male) snake”)
* Forms u-stem masculine nouns from roots.
    hrw- → hrw(w) (“day”)

##### Usage notes

In good orthography, -w is written with a-stem nouns but left unwritten with u-stem nouns, hence hrww, rꜥw are written hrw, rꜥ.

### Etymology 3
#### Suffix

* Forms agent nouns from verbs.

### Etymology 4
#### Suffix

* Forms adverbs from certain adjectives; -ly
* Forms prepositional adverbs from certain prepositions.

### Etymology 5
#### Suffix

* Forms the negatival complement of all verbs except geminate and anomalous verbs.

##### Usage notes

Often this ending is entirely omitted.

### Etymology 6
#### Suffix

* Forms the prospective of all verbs except second geminate, strong bi- and triliteral, and (usually) anomalous verbs.
* Forms the prospective passive of all verbs except fourth weak, strong bi- and triliteral, and (usually) anomalous verbs.
* Forms the perfect passive of all verbs except second geminate verbs.

##### Usage notes

Often this ending is entirely omitted.

##### Alternative forms

-y :
chiefly in weak verbs :

### Etymology 7
#### Suffix

* Optionally marks the masculine singular imperfective passive participle, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
* Optionally marks the masculine singular imperfective relative form of all verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.

##### Alternative forms

| -w | -y |
| | relative form only; rare |

### Etymology 8
#### Suffix

* Optionally marks the masculine singular perfective passive participle of strong verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.

##### Alternative forms

| -w | -y |

### References

* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 328–329, 354, etc..
* Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 58–59, 251

## Mokilese
### Suffix

-w
* Classifier suffix used to form general numerals

#### Derived terms

See: Category:Mokilese terms suffixed with -w

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /u/

### Suffix

-w
* used to form pet names
    ‎Megan + ‎-w → ‎Begw
    ‎Ann + ‎-w → ‎Nanw
    ‎Siân + ‎-w → ‎Sianw