# بیل
## Khalaj
### Noun

بیل (bil) (definite accusative بیلی, plural بیللَر)
* Arabic spelling of bil (“shovel”)

#### Declension
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* بل (bel)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian بیل (bil, “shovel, spade”).

### Noun

بیل • (bil)
* spade, a garden tool with a handle and a flat blade for digging
    Synonyms: كورك (kürek), مجرفه (micrefe)

#### Derived terms

* بیلك (bilek, “forkhead”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: bil, bel
* → Armenian: պել (pel)
* → Laz: ბელი (beli)

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “bil3”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 602
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “bîl”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 129
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بیل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 303
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Pala”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1233
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بیل”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1004
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بیل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 424

## Persian
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (byl /⁠bēl⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *bádHr̥, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰádʰHr̥, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰódʰh₂-r̥. Compare Latin fodiō (“to dig”), Serbo-Croatian bȏd (“sting”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [beːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [beːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [beːl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [beːl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [beːl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [biːl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bel]
* (Sistani) IPA: /beːl/

### Noun

| Dari | بیل |
| Iranian Persian | بیل |
| Tajik | бел |
بیل • (bil) (plural بیل‌ها (bil-hâ))
* shovel, spade
** 1105, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad al-Ghazalī, کیمیای سعادت [The Alchemy of Happiness]‎:در خبر است که عیسی (ع) پیری را دید بیل در دست و کار می کرد. گفت، «بارخدایا! امل از دل وی بیرون کن». بیل از دست وی بیفتاد و بخفت. چون ساعتی بود گفت، «بارخدایا! امل با وی ده». پیر برخاست و در کار ایستاد. عیسی از وی بپرسید که این چه بود؟ گفت، «در دل من آمد که چرا کار می کنی؟ پیر شده‌ای، زود بمیری». بیل بنهادم. پس دیگر بار در دل من آمد که لابد تو را نان باید تا بمیری، باز برخاستم.dar xabar ast ki īsā (alayhi as-salām) pīrē dīd bēl dar dast u kār mē-kard. guft, "bārxudāyā! amal az dil-i way bērūn kun." bēl az dast-i way biyuftād u bixuft. čūn sā'atē būd guft, "bārxudāyā! amal bā way dih." pīr barxāst u dar kār īstād. īsā az way bipursīd ki īn či būd? guft, "dar dil-i man āmad ki čirā kār mē-kunī? pīr šuda'ī, zūd bimīrī. bēl binihādam. pas dīgar bār dar dil-i man āmad ki lābud tu rā nān bāyad tā bimīrī, bāz barxāstam.It is reported that Jesus (peace be upon him) saw an old man who was working with a shovel in his hand. He said, "Lord God! Take desire away from his heart." The shovel fell from his hand, and he slept. When some time had passed, he said, "Lord God! Grant him desire." The old man woke up and stood up to do work. Jesus asked him, "What happened?" He said, "The thought came to my heart: 'What am I working for? You have become old, you will die soon.' I put down my shovel. Then a later time, the thought came to my heart: 'You need food until you die.' I stood up again."(Classical Persian transliteration)
* (Sistani) 12 hours

#### Derived terms

* بیل زدن (bil zadan)
* بیلچه (bilče)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: bel
* → Ingush: бел (bel)
* → Karakalpak: бел
* → Kazakh: бел (bel) (Karakalpakstan, Turkmenistan)
* → Khalaj: bil
* → Ottoman Turkish: بل (bel)
** Turkish: bel
* → Turkmen: pil, bel
* → Uyghur: بەل (bel)
* → Uzbek: bel, belkurak
* → Urdu: بیل (bēl, bīl)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀯𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀻 (vĕllī), from Sanskrit वेल्लि (velli). Cognate with Gujarati વેલ (vel), Marathi वेल (vel), and Punjabi ویل / ਵੇਲ (vel).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /beːl/
* Rhymes: -eːl
* Hyphenation: بیل

### Noun

بیل • (bel) f (Hindi spelling बेल)
* creeper
    Synonyms: لَتَر (latar), لَتا (latā)
* (figurative) progeny

#### Declension

Declension of بیل :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | بیل (bel) | بیلیں (belẽ) |
| oblique | بیل (bel) | بیلوں (belõ) |
| vocative | بیل (bel) | بیلو (belo) |

### References

* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vēlli”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 702

### Further reading

* “بیل”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “بیل”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “بیل”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 141
* Platts, John T. (1884) “بیل”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 210