# firme
## Esperanto
### Etymology

firma +‎ -e

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfirme]
* Rhymes: -irme
* Hyphenation: fir‧me

### Adverb

firme
* firmly, securely
* firmly, steadfastly

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English firm (“commercial undertaking, corporate name”) and/or German Firma (“business, business name, signature”), both from Italian firma (“signature”), from firmare (“to sign”), from Latin firmō (“to make firm”); possibly conflated with Medieval Latin firma (“farmed office, source of revenue”), from Old English feorm (“food, rent, tribute”). More at firm, farm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fiʁm/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

firme f (plural firmes)
* firm (company)

#### Descendants

* → Russian: фирма (firma)
** → Georgian: ფირმა (pirma)

### Further reading

* “firme”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* frémi, frime, frimé

## Galician
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese firme (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin firmis, from Latin firmus.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfiɾmɪ]

#### Adjective

firme m or f (plural firmes)
* firm
    Synonym: rixo
** 1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago, Madrid: CSIC, page 136:Ay espada moy fremosa, que nũca foy suzia nẽ ferrugeẽta, mais sempre foy fremosa et clara et cõueniuele d'ancho et de longo, mais forte et mais firme ca toda las outras, o mãgo tẽes d'almasi moy brãquo et feicto en gisa de cruz, cõ moy fremosa arrays dourada et cõ moy boa maçãa dourada de beril no magarõ.Oh, very beauty sword, which was never dirty or rusty but was always beauty and clear and appropriate in its width and in its length; stronger and firmer than the rest; your hilt is of the whitest ivory, made in the form of the cross, with a very beauty golden handle, and an excellent golden apple of beryl in the end

##### Derived terms

* firmemente

##### Related terms

* afirmar
* enfermo
* firmar

#### Noun

firme m (plural firmes)
* surface of a road
* solid ground where foundations are built

#### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “firme”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “firme”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “firme”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “firme”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “firme”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

firme
* inflection of firmar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Italian
### Noun

firme f
* plural of firma

### Anagrams

* Fermi, fermi, fremi

## Latin
### Adjective

firme
* vocative masculine singular of firmus

### References

* “firme”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “firme”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* firme in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfiʁ.mi/ [ˈfiɦ.mi]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfiʁ.mi/ [ˈfiɦ.mi]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈfiɾ.mi/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈfiʁ.mi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈfiɻ.me/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈfiɾ.mɨ/
* Hyphenation: fir‧me

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese firme, from Vulgar Latin firmis, from Latin firmus, from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”).

#### Adjective

firme m or f (plural firmes)
* firm

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

firme
* inflection of firmar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish firme, inherited from Vulgar Latin *fīrmis, from Latin firmus, from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). The preservation of initial /f/ is irregular, but Coromines & Pascual reject the possibility of the word being a borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfiɾme/ [ˈfiɾ.me]
* Rhymes: -iɾme
* Syllabification: fir‧me

### Adjective

firme m or f (masculine and feminine plural firmes, superlative firmísimo)
* firm, steady, secure
* steadfast, unwavering, unswerving, firm
* adamant
* strong, assertive (uncompromising, unyielding)
* strong (promising)
    un firme candidato ― a strong candidate
* solid, firm
    en tierra firme ― on solid ground

#### Derived terms

* a pie firme
* de firme
* en firme
* firmemente
* mantenerse firme
* sentencia firme
* tierra firme

#### Descendants

* → Zoogocho Zapotec: firm

### Verb

firme
* inflection of firmar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### References

* Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “firme”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 902

### Further reading

* “firme”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10