# शिष्ट
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शिष्ट (śiṣṭá). Doublet of सीठा (sīṭhā).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʃɪʂʈ/

### Adjective

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭ) (indeclinable)
* left over, remaining
    Synonyms: बाक़ी (bāqī), शेष (śeṣ), बचा हुआ (bacā huā)
* well behaved, polite
* elegant, suave
* genteel, courteous

## Marathi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɕiʂ.ʈə/
* Hyphenation: शिष्‧ट, शि‧ष्ट
* Rhymes: -ə

### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शिष्ट (śiṣṭá). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘫𑘲𑘬𑘿𑘘 (śīṣṭa).

#### Adjective

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭa) (indeclinable)
* respectable, educated, cultured, learned

##### Derived terms

* शिष्टमंडळ (śiṣṭamaṇḍaḷ)
* शिष्टसंप्रदाय (śiṣṭasampradāy)
* शिष्टसंमत (śiṣṭasammat)
* शिष्टाई (śiṣṭāī)
* शिष्टागम (śiṣṭāgam)
* शिष्टाचार (śiṣṭācār)

### Etymology 2

A pejorative semantic shift of the learned borrowing from Sanskrit.

#### Adjective

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭa) (indeclinable)
* self-righteous, conceited, stuck-up, snobbish

##### Derived terms

* शिष्टपणा (śiṣṭapaṇā)

### Further reading

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “शिष्ट”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary‎, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, page 147
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “शिष्ट”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, page 793
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “शिष्ट”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ), page 2945.

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* শিষ্ট (Assamese script)
* ᬰᬶᬱ᭄ᬝ (Balinese script)
* শিষ্ট (Bengali script)
* 𑰫𑰰𑰬𑰿𑰘 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀰𑀺𑀱𑁆𑀝 (Brahmi script)
* ၐိၑ္ဋ (Burmese script)
* શિષ્ટ (Gujarati script)
* ਸ਼ਿਸ਼੍ਟ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌶𑌿𑌷𑍍𑌟 (Grantha script)
* ꦯꦶꦰ꧀ꦛ (Javanese script)
* 𑂬𑂱𑂭𑂹𑂗 (Kaithi script)
* ಶಿಷ್ಟ (Kannada script)
* ឝិឞ្ដ (Khmer script)
* ຨິຩ຺ຏ (Lao script)
* ശിഷ്ട (Malayalam script)
* ᡧᡳᢢᢞᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘫𑘱𑘬𑘿𑘘 (Modi script)
* ᠱᠢᢔᢌᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧋𑧒𑧌𑧠𑦸 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐱𑐶𑐲𑑂𑐚 (Newa script)
* ଶିଷ୍ଟ (Odia script)
* ꢯꢶꢰ꣄ꢜ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆯𑆴𑆰𑇀𑆛 (Sharada script)
* 𑖫𑖰𑖬𑖿𑖘 (Siddham script)
* ශිෂ‍්ට (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩿𑩑𑪀 𑪙𑩦 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚧𑚮𑚶𑚔 (Takri script)
* ஶிஷ்ட (Tamil script)
* శిష్ట (Telugu script)
* ศิษฺฏ (Thai script)
* ཤི་ཥྚ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒬𑒱𑒭𑓂𑒙 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨮𑨁𑨯𑩇𑨔 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕiʂ.ʈɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɕiʂ.ʈɐ/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śiṣṭás (“left over”), from *śiṣ- (“to remain”), of uncertain origin. Compare also Mari šište (“beeswax”), Mordvin šta (“beeswax”), inherited from a Proto-Indo-Aryan borrowing.

#### Adjective

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭá)
* left, remaining, escaped, residual (often at the end of a compound)
    नलशिष्ट (nala-śiṣṭá) — having only the stem left

#### Noun

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭá) stem, n
* anything that remains or is left, remains, remnant

##### Descendants

* Prakrit:
** Assamese: সিটা (xita)
** Hindi: सीठा (sīṭhā)
* → Hindi: शिष्ट (śiṣṭ)
* → Malayalam: ശിഷ്ടം (śiṣṭaṁ)
* → Old Javanese: śiṣṭa

### Etymology 2

Past passive participle of शास् (śās, “to teach”).

#### Adjective

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭá)
* taught, directed, ordered, commanded (applied to persons and things)
* disciplined, cultured, educated, learned, wise (m. a learned or well-educated or wise man)
* eminent, superior

##### Descendants

* → Old Javanese: śiṣṭa

#### Noun

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭá) stem, m
* chief
* courtier, counsellor
* learned or well-educated or wise man

#### Noun

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭá) stem, n
* precept, rule

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “शिष्ट”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1069/3, 1076/3.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 655
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 348
* Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 343