# कृष्ण
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa). Doublet of कान्हा (kānhā) and किशन (kiśan).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kɾɪʂ.ɳᵊ/, [kɾɪʃ.ɳᵊ], /kɾɪʂ.ɳɑː/, [kɾɪʃ.ɳäː], /kɾɪ.ʂəɳ/, [kɾɪ.ʃɐ̃ɳ]

### Proper noun

कृष्ण • (kŕṣṇa) m (Urdu spelling کرشن)
* (Hinduism) Krishna, eighth avatar of Vishnu
    Synonyms: कान्हा (kānhā), किशन (kiśan), माखन-चोर (mākhan-cor)
* a male given name, Krishna, from Sanskrit
* Krishna (a river in India)

#### Declension
### Adjective

कृष्ण • (kŕṣṇa) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling کرشن)
* (uncommon) black
    Synonym: काला (kālā)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* কৃষ্ণ (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬺᬱ᭄ᬡ (Balinese script)
* কৃষ্ণ (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰴𑰬𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀾𑀱𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* ကၖၑ္ဏ (Burmese script)
* કૃષ્ણ (Gujarati script)
* ਕ੍ਰਸ਼੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑍃𑌷𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦽꦰ꧀ꦟ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑃂𑂭𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
* ಕೃಷ್ಣ (Kannada script)
* ក្ឫឞ្ណ (Khmer script)
* ກ຺ຣິຩ຺ຓ (Lao script)
* കൃഷ്ണ (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᡵᡳᢢᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘵𑘬𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠷᠢᢔᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧖𑧌𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐺𑐲𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
* କୃଷ୍ଣ (Odia script)
* ꢒꢺꢰ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆸𑆰𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖴𑖬𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
* කෘෂ‍්ණ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩙𑪀 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
* க்ரிஷ்ண (Tamil script)
* కృష్ణ (Telugu script)
* กฺฤษฺณ (Thai script)
* ཀྲྀ་ཥྞ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒵𑒭𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨼𑨉𑨯𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥šnás (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥snós (“black”).
Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čьrnъ (whence Old Church Slavonic чрънъ (črŭnŭ, “black”) (Glagolitic spelling ⱍⱃⱏⱀⱏ (črŭnŭ)), Russian чёрный (čórnyj), Bulgarian черен (čeren), Macedonian црн (crn), Czech černý, Polish czarny, Slovak čierny), Old Prussian kirsnan (“black”), Lithuanian kir̃snas.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kr̩ʂ.ɳɐ́/, /kŕ̩ʂ.ɳɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈkr̩ʂ.ɳɐ/

### Adjective

कृष्ण • (kṛṣṇá) stem
* black, dark, dark-blue
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.35.2:आ कृ॒ष्णेन॒ रज॑सा॒ वर्त॑मानो निवे॒शय॑न्न॒मृतं॒ मर्त्यं॑ च । हि॒र॒ण्यये॑न सवि॒ता रथे॒ना दे॒वो या॑ति॒ भुव॑नानि॒ पश्य॑न् ॥ā́ kṛṣṇéna rájasā vártamāno niveśáyannamṛ́taṃ mártyaṃ ca. hiraṇyáyena savitā́ ráthenā́ devó yāti bhúvanāni páśyan.Revolving through the darkened firmament, arousing mortal and immortal, the divine Savitā travels in his golden chariot, beholding the (several) worlds.
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.20.9:कृ॒ष्णः श्वे॒तो॑ऽरु॒षो यामो॑ अस्य ब्र॒ध्न ऋ॒ज्र उ॒त शोणो॒ यश॑स्वान् ।kṛṣṇáḥ śvetòʼruṣó yā́mo asya bradhná ṛjrá utá śóṇo yáśasvān.His chariot is black, white, red, tawny, dark red, crimson, and glorious; the progenitor of all has given him a chariot of gold.

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Dameli: krināˊ
** Kalami: كِشِنْ (kiṣin)
** Kalasha: kríṣna
** Kashmiri: کرُہُن (kruhun)
** Kohistani Shina: kiṇŭ
** Phalura: kiṣíṇu
** Savi: kṣenī
** Tirahi: kə́gən
** Torwali: کیِݜن (kiṣan)
* Gandhari: 𐨐𐨁𐨮𐨸 (kiṣ̄a)
* Pali: kaṇha, kiṇha
** → Sinhalese: කිණු (kiṇu)
* Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀳 (kaṇha), 𑀓𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀳 (kiṇha), 𑀓𑀲𑀺𑀡 (kasiṇa), 𑀓𑀲𑀡 (kasaṇa)
** Northern Hindko: کِنَّاں (kìnnā̃)
** Kachchi: 𑊺𑋡𑋑𑋪𑋑𑋧 (kinno)
** Marathi: कान्ही (kānhī)
** Sindhi: 𑊺𑋡𑋑𑋣 (kinu)
** → Old Tamil: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀷𑁆 (kaṇṇaṉ)
*** Malayalam: കണ്ണൻ (kaṇṇaṉ)
*** Tamil: கண்ணன் (kaṇṇaṉ)
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀲𑀺𑀡 (kasiṇa)
* → Malayalam: കൃഷ്ണ (kr̥ṣṇa)
* → Tamil: கிருட்டிணம் (kiruṭṭiṇam)
* → Sinhalese: කෘෂ්ණ (kr̥ṣṇa)

### Proper noun

कृष्ण • (kṛṣṇa) m
* Krishna, name of a celebrated Avatar of the god Vishnu
* (in the dual) Krishna and Arjuna

#### Descendants

* Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀳 (kaṇha), 𑀓𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀳 (kiṇha)
** Assamese: কানু (kanu), কানাই (kanai)
** Awadhi: कंधैया (kandhaiyā)
** Bengali: কান (kano), কানাই (kanai)
** Bhojpuri: 𑂍𑂰𑂢𑂹𑂯𑂰 (kānhā)
** Gujarati: કાનો (kāno)
** Hindi: कान्ह (kānha), कान्हा (kānhā)
*** ⇒ Hindi: कन्हैया (kanhaiyā)
** Maithili: 𑒏𑒰𑒢𑓂𑒯 (kānha)
** Marathi: कान्हू (kānhū)
** Odia: କାନ୍ହ (kānha)
** Punjabi: ਕਾਨ੍ਹ (kānh)
** Sindhi: 𑊺𑋠𑋑𑋧 (kāno)
** Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠘꠣꠁ (xanai)
* → Bengali: কেষ্ট (keśṭo) (semi-learned)
* → Bengali: কৃষ্ণ (kriśno) (learned)
* → English: Krishna
* → Gujarati: કૃષ્ણ (kŕṣṇ)
* → Hindi: किषन (kiṣan), किशन (kiśan) (semi-learned)
* → Hindi: कृष्ण (kŕṣṇa), कृष्णा (kŕṣṇā) (learned)
* → Kannada: ಕೃಷ್ಣ (kṛṣṇa)
* → Odia: କୃଷ୍ଣ (krushṇa)
* → Malayalam: കൃഷ്ണ (kr̥ṣṇa)
* → Tamil: கிருஷ்ணா (kiruṣṇā), கண்ணன் (kaṇṇaṉ) (via Prakrit)
* → Telugu: కృష్ణ (kr̥ṣṇa), కృష్ణుడు (kr̥ṣṇuḍu)
* → Sinhalese: කෘෂ්ණ (kr̥ṣṇa)

### Noun

कृष्ण • (kṛ́ṣṇa) stem, m
* black (the colour) or dark-blue

#### Declension
### Noun

कृष्ण • (kṛ́ṣṇa or kṛṣṇá) stem, m
* waning period of the lunar phase from full moon to new moon
* the fourth or कलियुग (kali-yuga)
* an antelope
* a kind of animal feeding on carrion
* the black part of the eye
* the black spots in the moon
* a kind of demon or spirit of darkness
* black pepper (Piper nigrum)
* black aloe (Aquilaria malaccensis, syns. Aquilaria agallocha, Agallochum malaccense)

#### Declension
### Noun

कृष्ण • (kṛṣṇá) stem, n
* blackness, darkness

#### Declension
### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “कृष्ण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page .