OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# zwyczaj
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъvyčajь. By surface analysis, deverbal from zwyknąć.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzvɘ.t͡ʂaj/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘt͡ʂaj
* Syllabification: zwy‧czaj

### Noun

zwyczaj m inan
* habit (an action done on a regular basis)

#### Derived terms

* nawykać impf, nawyknąć pf
* odwykać impf, odwyknąć pf
* odzwyczajać impf, odzwyczaić pf
* przywykać impf, przywyknąć pf
* przyzwyczajać impf, przyzwyczaić pf
* wzwyczajać impf, wzwyczaić pf
* zawykać impf, zawyknąć pf
* zwyknąć pf
* przyzwyczajony
* zwyczajny
* zwyczajowy
* zwykły
* nawyk
* zwyczajność

#### Descendants

* → Belarusian: звы́чай (zvýčaj)

### Further reading

* zwyczaj in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zwyczaj in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# boycottism
## English
### Etymology

From boycott +‎ -ism.

### Noun

boycottism (uncountable)
* The act or acts of carrying out a boycot.

### References

* “boycottism”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# panlangit
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From pan- +‎ langit.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /panˈlaŋit/ [pɐn̪ˈlaː.ŋɪt̪̚]
* Rhymes: -aŋit
* Syllabification: pan‧la‧ngit

### Adjective

panlangit (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈ᜔ᜎᜅᜒᜆ᜔) (astronomy)
* heavenly; celestial; ethereal
    Synonyms: makalangit, selestiyal, etereo

#### Derived terms

* panlangit na timbulog
# दिक़
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دق (diq).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /d̪ɪq/, /d̪ɪk/

### Adjective

दिक़ • (diq) (Urdu spelling دق)
* troubled, disturbed, inconvenienced
* irritated, harassed, vexed
* unwell, sick

#### Derived terms

* दिक़ कर मरना (diq kar marnā)
* दिक़ करना (diq karnā)

### Noun

दिक़ • (diq) m (Urdu spelling دق)
* tuberculosis
    Synonym: तपेदिक़ (tapediq)

#### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “diqa”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “dika”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
* Platts, John T. (1884) “diq”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
# mizérie
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmɪzɛːrɪjɛ]

### Noun

mizérie f
* misery

#### Related terms

* mizera
* mizerný

### Further reading

* “mizérie”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “mizérie”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “mizérie”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# zafajdany
## Polish
### Etymology

From zafajdać +‎ -any.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /za.fajˈda.nɘ/
* Rhymes: -anɘ
* Syllabification: za‧faj‧da‧ny

### Adjective

zafajdany (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (colloquial) feculent, shitty (covered in shit)
* (colloquial) shitty (very bad, miserable)

#### Related terms

* fajdać impf
* zafajdać pf

### Participle

zafajdany (passive adjectival)
* masculine singular passive adjectival participle of zafajdać

### Further reading

* zafajdany in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zafajdany in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# compuerta
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /komˈpweɾta/ [kõmˈpweɾ.t̪a]
* Rhymes: -eɾta
* Syllabification: com‧puer‧ta

### Noun

compuerta f (plural compuertas)
* hatch
* sluice
* weir

#### Related terms

* puerta

### Further reading

* “compuerta”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# davul
## English
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish طاول (davul).

### Noun

davul (plural davuls)
* A large Turkish double-headed drum, played with mallets.

### Anagrams

* Duval

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Arabic طَبْل (ṭabl, “drum”), from Middle Iranian *tabir, tabil (“drum”).

### Noun

davul (definite accusative davulu, plural davullar)
* davul

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “davul” in Obastan.com.

## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

From Arabic طَبْل (ṭabl, “drum”)

### Noun

davul
* drum

#### Derived terms

* davul çalmaq
* davulcı

### References

* “davul”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish طاول (davul), variant of طبل (tabl).

### Noun

davul (definite accusative davulu, plural davullar)
* drum

#### Declension
### References

* “davul”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# kompletny
## Polish
### Etymology

Adapted borrowing of French complet +‎ -ny, from Latin complētus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔmˈplɛt.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛtnɘ
* Syllabification: kom‧plet‧ny

### Adjective

kompletny (not comparable, derived adverb kompletnie)
* complete

#### Derived terms

* kompletność

### Further reading

* kompletny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kompletny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# 聯想
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liánxiǎng
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lyun$^4$ soeng$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lièn-sióng
    (Hailu, HRS): lien siong$^ˊ$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liân-sióng / liân-siáng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liánxiǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liánsiǎng
*** Wade–Giles: lien$^2$-hsiang$^3$
*** Yale: lyán-syǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liansheang
*** Palladius: ляньсян (ljanʹsjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lyun$^4$ soeng$^2$
*** Yale: lyùhn séung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lyn$^4$ soeng$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lün$^4$ sêng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /lyːn²¹ sœːŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lièn-sióng
*** Hakka Romanization System: lien$^ˇ$ xiong$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lian$^2$ xiong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /li̯en¹¹ si̯oŋ³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: lien siong$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /lien⁵⁵ sioŋ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân-sióng
*** Tâi-lô: liân-sióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liensiorng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɛn²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn²³⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛn²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân-siáng
*** Tâi-lô: liân-siáng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liensiarng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛn¹³⁻²² siaŋ⁵³/

### Noun

聯想
* association (of ideas)
    產生聯想／产生联想 ― chǎnshēng liánxiǎng ― to form an association (with)

### Verb

聯想
* to associate (ideas)

### Proper noun

聯想
* Lenovo (Chinese technology company)
# szachy szybkie
## Polish
### Etymology

Literally, “fast chess”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʂa.xɘ ˈʂɘp.kjɛ/
* Syllabification: sza‧chy szyb‧kie

### Noun

szachy szybkie nvir pl
* (chess, idiomatic) rapid chess (chess played at a relatively quick time control, with each side getting about 15 minutes to make their moves)

#### Related terms

* szachy błyskawiczne
* szachy klasyczne
# bandurzystka
## Polish
### Etymology

From bandurzysta +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ban.duˈʐɘst.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘstka
* Syllabification: ban‧du‧rzyst‧ka

### Noun

bandurzystka f (male equivalent bandurzysta)
* female equivalent of bandurzysta (“bandurist”)

#### Related terms

* bandura
* bandurka
* bandurzyć impf

### Further reading

* bandurzystka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# overleggen
## Dutch
### Etymology 1

From over- +‎ leggen.

#### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /ˌoːvərˈlɛɣə(n)/
* Rhymes: -ɛɣən

#### Verb

overleggen
* (intransitive) to talk over, discuss
    Synonym: discussiëren
    Laten we even overleggen voordat we een beslissing nemen. ― Let's talk over it before making a decision.
    Ze hebben lang overlegd over de beste aanpak. ― They discussed at length the best approach.
    We moeten dit probleem snel overleggen met de betrokken partijen. ― We need to discuss this problem quickly with the involved parties.

##### Derived terms

* overleg

##### Descendants

* Negerhollands: overlee

### Etymology 2

From over +‎ leggen.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈoːvərˌlɛɣə(n)/

#### Verb

overleggen
* (Netherlands, formal) to show, display
    Synonym: (Belgium) voorleggen

##### Conjugation
### Anagrams

* leggen over
# respingo
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /reˈspin.ɡo/
* Rhymes: -inɡo
* Hyphenation: re‧spìn‧go

### Verb

respingo
* first-person singular present indicative of respingere

### Anagrams

* grespino, rispegno, rispengo, serpigno, spingerò, spregino

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /resˈpinɡo/ [resˈpĩŋ.ɡo]
* Rhymes: -inɡo
* Syllabification: res‧pin‧go

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from respingar.

#### Noun

respingo m (plural respingos)
* start (i.e. sudden, involuntary jump)

##### Derived terms

* dar un respingo (“to start, to jump, to flinch”)

##### Related terms

* respingar

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

respingo
* first-person singular present indicative of respingar

### Further reading

* “respingo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# bakud
## Hiligaynon
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ba‧kud
* IPA: /ˈbakud/ [ˈba.kud]

### Noun

bákud
* strength
    Synonyms: baskug, bukud, kusug, pag-un
* stiffness
    Synonym: tiskug

#### Derived terms

* mabakud
* magbakud

## Ilocano
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbakud/ [ˈbɐ.kud]
* Hyphenation: ba‧kud

### Noun

bákud (Kur-itan spelling ᜊᜃᜓᜇ᜔)
* wall
    Synonym: diding

#### Derived terms

* agbakud
* pagbakud

## Volapük
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [baˈkud]

### Noun

bakud (nominative plural bakuds)
* abacus

#### Declension

* $^1$ status as a case is disputed
* $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only
# atawistyczny
## Polish
### Etymology

From atawizm +‎ -yczny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ta.visˈtɘt͡ʂ.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘt͡ʂnɘ
* Syllabification: a‧ta‧wis‧tycz‧ny

### Adjective

atawistyczny (not comparable, derived adverb atawistycznie)
* (relational) atavistic

#### Related terms

* atawizm

### Further reading

* atawistyczny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* atawistyczny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# karaoke bar
## English
### Noun

karaoke bar (plural karaoke bars)
* A bar where members of the public perform songs using a microphone.
# repostella
## Finnish
### Etymology

Roughly repiä +‎ -o +‎ -stella

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrepostelːɑˣ/, [ˈre̞po̞s̠ˌte̞lːɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -elːɑ
* Hyphenation: re‧pos‧tel‧la

### Verb

repostella
* (transitive, usually atelic) to pick apart, to criticize the details (of)
* (transitive, usually atelic, dialectal) to rummage

#### Derived terms

* reposteleminen
* repostelu

#### See also

* repo

### Further reading

* “repostella”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# pedanteria
## Italian
### Etymology

From pedante +‎ -eria.

### Noun

pedanteria f (plural pedanterie)
* pedantry, fastidiousness
** 2021 February, Luca Serianni, Le mille lingue di Roma, Castelvecchi, →ISBN, page 13:Qual era la ragione di tanta pedanteria di chi ha lasciato questa scritta?What was the reason of such pedantry from whoever left this writing?

### Anagrams

* paradenite

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French pédanterie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɛ.danˈtɛ.rja/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛrja
* Syllabification: pe‧dan‧te‧ria

### Noun

pedanteria f (related adjective pedanteryjny)
* pedantry (excessive attention to detail or rules)
    Synonyms: drobiazgowość, pedantyczność, pedantyzm, skrupulatność
    Antonym: bałaganiarstwo

#### Related terms

* pedancki
* pedantyczny
* pedancko
* pedanteryjnie
* pedantycznie
* pedant
* pedanteryjność
* pedantka
* pedantyczność
* pedantyzm

### Further reading

* pedanteria in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* pedanteria in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# mëdło
## Kashubian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mydlo; By surface analysis, mëc +‎ -dło.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɜ.dwɔ/
* Rhymes: -ɜdwɔ
* Syllabification: më‧dło

### Noun

mëdło n
* soap (substance)

#### Derived terms

* mëdlënë
* mëdlëc

### Further reading

* Jan Trepczyk (1994) “mydło”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “mydło”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
* “mëdło”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
# innowacyjność
## Polish
### Etymology

From innowacyjny +‎ -ość.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /in.nɔ.vaˈt͡sɘj.nɔɕt͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘjnɔɕt͡ɕ
* Syllabification: in‧no‧wa‧cyj‧ność

### Noun

innowacyjność f
* innovativeness
    Synonyms: awangardowość, nowatorstwo

#### Related terms

* innowacyjny
* innowatorski
* innowacyjnie
* innowacja
* innowator

### Further reading

* innowacyjność in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* innowacyjność in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# panitera
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Javanese ꦥꦤꦶꦠꦿ (panitra, “secretary”), from Old Javanese panitra, prefixed pa- +‎ citra, from Sanskrit चित्र (citrá, “picture”). Equivalent to peng- +‎ citra. Semantic loan from Dutch griffier (“registrar”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [panitəˈra]
* Hyphenation: pa‧ni‧tê‧ra

### Noun

panitera (plural panitera-panitera)
* clerk, registrar, secretary.
    Synonyms: kerani, klerek, penulis, sekretaris
* secretary of the court

#### Derived terms

* kepaniteraan
* panitera pengganti

### Further reading

* “panitera” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# brachytypous
## English
### Etymology

brachy- + Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “sort, type”)

### Adjective

brachytypous (comparative more brachytypous, superlative most brachytypous)
* (mineralogy) Of a short form.
    brachytypous lead//brachytypous manganese
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “brachytypous”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
# teléfono fijo
## Spanish
### Noun

teléfono fijo m (plural teléfonos fijos)
* (retronym) landline (telephone connected by such a fixed cable)

#### Related terms

* telefonía fija

### Further reading

* “teléfono fijo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Suen
## English
### Etymology 1

From Cantonese 孫／孙 (syun1).

#### Proper noun

Suen (plural Suens)
* A surname.

##### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Suen is the 22646th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1133 individuals. Suen is most common among Asian/Pacific Islander (91.44%) individuals.

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Proper noun

Suen
* (Mesopotamian mythology) Synonym of Nanna (god of the moon)

##### Derived terms

* Nanna-Suen

### Anagrams

* Enus, Neus, usen

## Luxembourgish
### Noun

Suen
* plural of Su
# duszny
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈduʂ.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uʂnɘ
* Syllabification: dusz‧ny

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dušьnъ, related to dech.

#### Adjective

duszny (comparative bardziej duszny, superlative najbardziej duszny, derived adverb duszno)
* stuffy (lacking fresh air or ventilation)
* sultry, stifling
    Synonyms: sultry, parny
* frowsty
    Synonym: zatęchły
* (figurative) confined

##### Derived terms

* dusznawy
* duszność
* dusznota

##### Related terms

* dusznicowy
* dusznawo
* dusznica
* dusić impf

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish duszny. By surface analysis, duch, dusza +‎ -ny.

#### Adjective

duszny (not comparable, derived adverb (obsolete) dusznie)
* (obsolete, relational) spiritual (of or pertaining to the spirit or the soul)
    Synonym: duchowy

##### Declension
### Further reading

* duszny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* duszny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# szantażystka
## Polish
### Etymology

From szantażysta +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʂan.taˈʐɘst.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘstka
* Syllabification: szan‧ta‧żyst‧ka

### Noun

szantażystka f (male equivalent szantażysta)
* female equivalent of szantażysta (“blackmailer”) (one who extorts money from by exciting fears of injury other than bodily harm)

#### Related terms

* szantażowy
* szantaż
* szantażyk
* szantażować
* wyszantażować
* zaszantażować

### Further reading

* szantażystka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* szantażystka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# շաւիղ
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* շաւեղ (šaweł), շաւիւղ (šawiwł)

### Etymology

From Classical Syriac ܫܒܝܠܐ (šəbīlā).

### Noun

շաւիղ • (šawił)
* road, track, path, way
** 5th century, Bible, Job 22.15:Մի զշաւիղն յաւիտենական պահեսցես, զոր կոխեցին արք արդարքMi zšawiłn yawitenakan pahescʻes, zor koxecʻin arkʻ ardarkʻTranslation by Claude E. CoxYou will not keep the ageless way that just men trod
* trace

#### Derived terms

* անշաւիղ (anšawił)
* բազմաշաւիղ (bazmašawił)
* բարեշաւիղ (barešawił)
* երկաշաւիղ (erkašawił)
* երկնաշաւիղ (erknašawił)
* երկշաւիղ (erkšawił)
* զուգաշաւիղ (zugašawił)
* ընդմիջաշաւիղք (əndmiǰašawiłkʻ)
* լուսաշաւիղ (lusašawił)
* խոզաշաւիղ (xozašawił)
* կուրաշաւիղ (kurašawił)
* համաշաւիղ (hamašawił)
* հողաշաւիղ (hołašawił)
* հրաշաշաւիղ (hrašašawił)
* միաշաւիղ (miašawił)
* միջաշաւիղ (miǰašawił)
* միջնաշաւիղ (miǰnašawił)
* մոլորաշաւիղ (molorašawił)
* յառաջաշաւիղ (yaṙaǰašawił)
* յոգնաշաւիղ (yognašawił)
* նախաշաւիղ (naxašawił)
* նորաշաւիղ (norašawił)
* նրբաշաւիղ (nrbašawił)
* շաւղակոխեմ (šawłakoxem)
* շնորհաշաւիղ (šnorhašawił)
* ուղղաշաւիղ (ułłašawił)
* սկզբնաշաւիղ (skzbnašawił)
* վերնաշաւիղ (vernašawił)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: շավիղ (šaviġ) (learned)

### References

* ↑ Cox, Claude E. (2006) Armenian Job: reconstructed Greek text, critical edition of the Armenian with English translation (Hebrew University Armenian studies; 8), Leuven – Paris – Dudley, MA: Peeters, page 161

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “շաւիղ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 506a
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “շաւիղ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 313
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “շաւիղ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
# paramilitar
## Catalan
### Etymology

From para- +‎ militar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˌpa.ɾə.mi.liˈtar]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ˌpa.ɾə.mi.liˈta]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˌpa.ɾa.mi.liˈtaɾ]

### Adjective

paramilitar m or f (masculine and feminine plural paramilitars)
* paramilitary

### Further reading

* “paramilitar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “paramilitar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “paramilitar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

## Galician
### Etymology

From para- +‎ militar.

### Adjective

paramilitar m or f (plural paramilitares)
* paramilitary

### Noun

paramilitar m or f by sense (plural paramilitares)
* paramilitary (A member of a paramilitary group)

### Further reading

* “paramilitar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Occitan
### Etymology

para- +‎ militar

### Adjective

paramilitar m (feminine singular paramilitara, masculine plural paramilitars, feminine plural paramilitaras)
* paramilitary

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From para- +‎ militar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /pa.ɾa.mi.liˈta(ʁ)/ [pa.ɾa.mi.liˈta(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /pa.ɾa.mi.liˈta(ʁ)/ [pa.ɾa.mi.liˈta(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /pa.ɾa.mi.liˈta(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /pa.ɾa.mi.liˈta(ʁ)/ [pa.ɾa.mi.liˈta(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /pa.ɾa.mi.liˈta(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɐ.ɾɐ.mɨ.liˈtaɾ/, (proscribed) /pɐ.ɾɐ.mi.liˈtaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɐ.ɾɐ.mɨ.liˈtaɾ/, (proscribed) /pɐ.ɾɐ.mi.liˈtaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /pɐ.ɾɐ.mɨ.liˈta.ɾi/, (proscribed) /pɐ.ɾɐ.mi.liˈta.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: pa‧ra‧mi‧li‧tar

### Adjective

paramilitar m or f (plural paramilitares)
* paramilitary

### Noun

paramilitar m or f by sense (plural paramilitares)
* paramilitary (a member of a paramilitary group)

### Further reading

* “paramilitar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “paramilitar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French paramilitaire. By surface analysis, para- +‎ militar.

### Adjective

paramilitar m or n (feminine singular paramilitară, masculine plural paramilitari, feminine and neuter plural paramilitare)
* paramilitary

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Etymology

From para- +‎ militar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paɾamiliˈtaɾ/ [pa.ɾa.mi.liˈt̪aɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: pa‧ra‧mi‧li‧tar

### Adjective

paramilitar m or f (masculine and feminine plural paramilitares)
* paramilitary

#### Derived terms

* paramilitarmente

### Noun

paramilitar m or f by sense (plural paramilitares)
* paramilitary (A member of a paramilitary group)

### Further reading

* “paramilitar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# commensalism
## English
### Etymology

From commensal +‎ -ism.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kəˈmɛnsəˌlɪzm̩/
* Hyphenation: com‧men‧sal‧ism

### Noun

commensalism (countable and uncountable, plural commensalisms)
* (ecology) A sharing of the same environment by two organisms where one species benefits and the other is unaffected. An example is barnacles on whales.
* The act of eating together; table fellowship.

#### Derived terms

* commensalistic
* ectocommensalism
* endocommensalism
# anglakalbis
## Lithuanian
### Etymology

From ánglas +‎ kalbà.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐŋɡlɐˈkɐlʲˑbʲɪs]
* Hyphenation: ang‧la‧kal‧bis

### Adjective

anglakal̃bis m (feminine anglakal̃bė) stress pattern 2
* Anglophone (English-speaking)
* written or spoken in English

#### Declension
### Noun

anglakal̃bis m (plural anglakal̃biai, feminine anglakal̃bė) stress pattern 2
* Anglophone (person who speaks English)

#### Coordinate terms

* ispanakal̃bis
* lenkakal̃bis
* lietuviakal̃bis
* prancūzakal̃bis
* rusakal̃bis
* vokiečiakal̃bis

#### Related terms

* anglicìzmas
* anglýbė
* ánglas
* Ánglija

### Further reading

* “anglakalbis”, in Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of common Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, n.d.
* “anglakalbis, anglofonas: Ar tinkama angliškai kalbantį žmogų vadinti „anglofonu“?”, in Konsultacijų bankas [Consultation bank], Valstybinė lietuvių kalbos komisija [Commission on the Lithuanian language], 2003–2025