# afrontar
## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *affrontāre, from Latin ad frontem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ə.fɾunˈta]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ə.fɾonˈta]
* IPA: (Valencia) [a.fɾonˈtaɾ]
* Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

### Verb

afrontar (first-person singular present afronto, first-person singular preterite afrontí, past participle afrontat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /o/
* (transitive) to face, to confront
    Synonym: fer front

#### Related terms

* afront
* front

### Further reading

* “afrontar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “afrontar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “afrontar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “afrontar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese afrontar, from a Vulgar Latin *affrontāre, from Latin ad frontem. Equivalent to a- +‎ fronte +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [afɾonˈtaɾ]

### Verb

afrontar (first-person singular present afronto, first-person singular preterite afrontei, past participle afrontado)
* (transitive) to face, confront
    Synonyms: arrostrar, encarar
* (transitive) to abuse, insult
    Synonyms: deostar, insultar
* (pronominal) to take offense
    Synonyms: anoxar, ofender
** 1697, José Gil Taboada, Grande loita de luceiros:Señora may (os luceyros Din) vostede s'afrontou Sen causa, porque esta loyta Ll'a de dar mais relumbros.Lady mother -the luminaries Say- your grace took offense With no motive, because this fight Will give you more shine
* (pronominal) to suffocate
    Synonyms: acorar, afogar, atafegar
* (intransitive) to gasp, to pant
    Synonyms: ampear, arfar, inar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* afronta

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “afrontar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “afront”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “afrontar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “afrontar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “afrontar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “afrontar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Occitan
### Etymology

Attested from the 12th century. From Old Occitan [Term?], from a Vulgar Latin *affrontāre, from Latin ad frontem.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Béarn):(file)

### Verb

afrontar
* to face, to confront

#### Conjugation
### References

* ↑ Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 22.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese [Term?], from a Vulgar Latin *affrontāre, from Latin ad frontem. By surface analysis, a- +‎ fronte +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /a.fɾõˈta(ʁ)/ [a.fɾõˈta(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /a.fɾõˈta(ʁ)/ [a.fɾõˈta(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /a.fɾõˈta(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /a.fɾõˈta(ʁ)/ [a.fɾõˈta(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /a.fɾõˈta(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.fɾõˈtaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.fɾõˈtaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.fɾõˈta.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: a‧fron‧tar

### Verb

afrontar (first-person singular present afronto, first-person singular preterite afrontei, past participle afrontado)
* (transitive) abuse (to insult)
    Synonyms: insultar, ultrajar, ofender
* to confront
* to face
** 1890, Aluísio Azevedo, O Cortiço, Rio de Janeiro: B. L. Garnier:Proprietário e estabelecido por sua conta, o rapaz atirou-se à labutação ainda com mais ardor, possuindo-se de tal delírio de enriquecer, que afrontava resignado as mais duras provações.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to cause sickness

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *affrontāre, derived from Latin ad- + frontem. Doublet of afrentar. The expected diphthongization of Latin stressed /ŏ/ is attested in medieval conjugations such as afruenta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /afɾonˈtaɾ/ [a.fɾõn̪ˈt̪aɾ]
* Audio (Venezuela):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: a‧fron‧tar

### Verb

afrontar (first-person singular present afronto, first-person singular preterite afronté, past participle afrontado)
* (transitive) to face, address, tackle, meet, deal with, confront, cope with, handle, bear, manage, (e.g. reality, an issue, a situation, a problem)
    Afrontémoslo... ― Let's face it...
* to defy, to brave
* to afford, to bear (e.g. a cost, a loss)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* afrontamiento

#### Related terms

* afrentar
* enfrentar
* frente

### References

* Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “frente”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 954

### Further reading

* “afrontar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10