# гад
## Belarusian
### Alternative forms

* had — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian гадъ (had), from Old East Slavic гадъ (gadŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɣat]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

гад • (had) m animal (genitive га́да, nominative plural га́ды, genitive plural га́даў)
* (dated, zoology) reptile (a cold-blooded vertebrate)
    Synonyms: паўзу́н (paŭzún), рэпты́лія (reptýlija)
    Hyponyms: змяя́ (zmjajá), жа́ба (žába)
** 1937 [1719], Daniel Defoe, translated by Зяма Раманавіч Півавараў, edited by Janka Maŭr, Жыццё і дзіўныя небывалыя прыгоды Рабінзона Крузо [The life and astonishing adventures of Robinson Crusoe], Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Robinson Crusoe, page 133:Гэта быў дзівосны грот з сухой і роўнай падлогай, пакрытай дробным пяском. Нідзе ніякіх адзнак цвілі або вільгаці, нідзе ніводнага сляда брыдкіх насякомых і атрутных гадаў.Heta byŭ dzivósny hrot z suxój i róŭnaj padlóhaj, pakrytaj dróbnym pjaskóm. Nidzje nijakix adznak cvili abó vilʹhaci, nidzje nivódnaha sljada brydkix nasjakómyx i atrutnyx hadaŭ.[original: The place I was in was a most delightful cavity, or grotto, though perfectly dark; the floor was dry and level, and had a sort of a small loose gravel upon it, so that there was no nauseous or venomous creature to be seen, neither was there any damp or wet on the sides or roof.]It was a delightful grotto with a dry and level floor, covered in a sort of a small loose gravel. There were no signs of mold or dampness anywhere, nor any trace of nauseous insects or venomous reptiles.
* (literary, mythology) serpent (a snake, especially a large or dangerous one)
    Synonym: цмок (cmok)
** 1918, Francišak Alachnovič, Bazylišk, Vilnius: Drukarnia M. Kuchty, page 9:Toj čeławiek kazaŭ: treba kniazieŭnu ŭziać, wywiaści za mury i prywiazać da drewa niepadalok ad nary, ŭ katoraj had žywie. Tam Bazylišk z jaje ŭsiu wysmakče kroŭ i pojdzie, skul pryjšoŭ za trydcać hor, za trydcać rek!That man said: we ought to take the princess, lead her outside the walls and tie her to a tree near the burrow, where the serpent lives. There, the Basilisk will suck all the blood from her and then go beyond thirty mountains and thirty rivers, back to where it came from!
* (figuratively, derogatory) creep, repulsive person, vile creature, scoundrel, cad, asshole, bastard (a mean, grovelling, loathsome or repulsive person)
    Synonym: мярзо́тнік (mjarzótnik)
** 1940 [1882], Mark Twain, translated by Janka Maŭr, Прынц і жабрак, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of The Prince and the Pauper, page 72:У мяне асталося два браты: Артур, старэйшы, душою і характарам у бацьку, і Г’ю, малодшы за мяне, нізкі чалавек, зайздросны, прагны, подлы, вераломны — сапраўдны гад.U mjanje astalósja dva braty: Artur, starejšy, dušóju i xaraktaram u bacʹku, i Hʺju, malódšy za mjanje, nizki čalavjek, zajzdrósny, prahny, pódly, vjeralómny — sapraŭdny had.[original: I have two brothers: Arthur, my elder, with a soul like to his father's; and Hugh, younger than I, a mean spirit, covetous, treacherous, vicious, underhanded—a reptile.]I was left with two brothers: Arthur, my elder, with a soul like to his father's; and Hugh, younger than I, a mean spirit, covetous, treacherous, vicious, underhanded—a real scoundrel.

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

### References

* Zhurawski, A. I., editor (1985), “гадъ”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 6 (выостреный – глядати), Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika, page 239
* “гад”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
* “гад” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

## Carpathian Rusyn
### Etymology

From Old East Slavic гадъ (gadŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

### Noun

гад • (had)
* reptile
* snake; lizard
    Бо клевета єст як мітычна лернейска гыдра – гад, котрий мал вельо лебів.Bo kleveta jest jak mitŷčna lernejska hŷdra – had, kotryj mal velʹo lebiv.Because untruth is like mythological Larnaean Hydra - reptile, that have lots of heads.

#### Further reading

* Kercha, Ihor (2012) Словник русько-русинськый: у 2 т. [Russian-Rusyn Dictionary: in 2 vols] (overall work in Russian and Carpathian Rusyn), Uzhhorod: PoliPrint

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡat]

### Noun

гад • (gad) m (plural гадови, relational adjective гаден)
* bastard, scumbag, scum

#### Declension
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak had, from Proto-Slavic *gadъ. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn гад (had) and Slovak had. Alternation of -дз- (-dz-) and -дж- (-dž-) in derived forms may be attributed to the suppletion of variants, later confluence, and ultimately koinëisation of various eastern Old Slovak dialects as spoken by Rusyns.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦat]
* Rhymes: -at
* Hyphenation: гад

### Noun

гад (had) m anim (diminutive гадзик, female equivalent гаджица, augmentative гадзиско, related adjective гадов or гаджи)
* snake, serpent, viper

#### Derived terms

* гадасти (hadasti)
* гадар m pers (hadar)

### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “гад”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “snake”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 288

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* гадъ (gad) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

From Old East Slavic гадъ (gadŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gadъ. Cognates include German Kot.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡat]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

гад • (gad) m anim (genitive га́да, nominative plural га́ды, genitive plural га́дов)
* reptile or amphibian
* (figuratively, derogatory) creep, repulsive person, vile creature, scoundrel, cad, asshole, bastard
    Synonyms: га́дина (gádina), мерза́вец (merzávec), паску́да (paskúda), свинья́ (svinʹjá)

#### Related terms

* гадёныш (gadjónyš)
* га́дина (gádina)
* га́дить (gáditʹ)
* га́дкий (gádkij)
* га́дость (gádostʹ)
* гадский (gadskij)
* гадю́ка (gadjúka)

#### Descendants

* → Karelian:
** South Karelian: guada

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

### Noun

га̏д m (Latin spelling gȁd)
* a repulsive person
* scoundrel
* cad
* asshole
* snake; lizard

#### Declension
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Old East Slavic гадъ (gadŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɦad]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

гад • (had) m animal (genitive га́да, nominative plural га́ди, genitive plural га́дів)
* reptile
* (figuratively, derogatory) creep, repulsive person, vile creature, scoundrel, cad, asshole, bastard

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “гад”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “гад”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN