# crapula
## English
### Etymology

From Latin crāpula (“intoxication”), from Ancient Greek κραιπάλη (kraipálē, “intoxication, hangover”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɹapjʊlə/

### Noun

crapula (countable and uncountable, plural crapulas)
* (obsolete or literary) Sickness or indisposition caused by excessive eating or drinking.
** 1726, Peter Shaw, A New Practice of Physic:If it be not of long standing, and the griping be tolerable; if the effect of crapulas; if habitual, and the patient feeds well, and suffers no considerable loss of strength; or if it be critica, and proceed from an obstructed perspiration, 'tis seldom dangerous […]
** 1794, Benjamin Rush, Medical Inquiries and Observations. Second American edition:Perhaps the tonic medicines which have been mentioned, render the bowels a more quiet and comfortable asylum for them, and thereby provide the system with the means of obviating the effects of crapulas, to which all children are disposed.
** 1808, Thomas Topham, A new compendious system on several diseases incident to cattle:Disorders sometimes happen to young calves from difference of milk, and frequently from giving them too great a quantity; then the case becomes a crapula, and death is the consequence.
** 1958, Anthony Burgess, The Enemy in the Blanket (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 214:[I]t was as much apprehension as crapula that had distracted him into admitting that the anonymous letter-writer had spoken some truth.

#### Related terms

* crapulence
* crapulent
* crapulental
* crapulous

#### Translations
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkra.pu.la/
* Rhymes: -apula
* Hyphenation: crà‧pu‧la

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin crāpula (“excessive drinking”), from Ancient Greek κραιπάλη (kraipálē).

#### Noun

crapula f (plural crapule)
* (literary) excessive eating and drinking; gluttony
    Synonym: gozzoviglia

##### Derived terms

* crapulone

##### Related terms

* crapulare
* crapuloso

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

crapula
* third-person singular present indicative of crapulare

### Further reading

* crapula in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κραιπάλη (kraipálē, “intoxication, hangover”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkraː.pu.la/, [ˈkräːpʊɫ̪ä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkra.pu.la/, [ˈkräːpulä]

### Noun

crāpula f (genitive crāpulae); first declension
* excessive drinking, drunkenness, inebriation, intoxication
** c. 211 BCE, Plautus, Rudens 2.7.28:Quīn abeō hūc in Veneris fānum, ut ēdormīscam hanc crāpulam, quam pōtāvī praeter animī quam lubuit sententiam?Why not go in Venus's temple, that I might sleep this inebriation away, which I've drunk past what my soul's judgement desired?
** 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 3.28:Veniendum erat ad eōs contrā Aprōnium qui nōndum Aprōniānī conviviī crāpulam exhālassent.One had to come to bring his case against Apronius in front of men who hadn't yet breathed out the drunkenness of Apronius's last banquet.
** c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses 9.41:At mīles ille, ut posteā didicī, tandem velut ēmersus gravī crāpulā nūtābundus tamen […] But, as I'd later learn, that soldier, tottering as if at last emerged from heavy inebriation […]
** (metonymically) a resin added to wine to make it more intoxicating
*** c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 14.25.125:Crāpulae ūtilitās discernitur hōc modō: pugnācibus mustīs crāpulae plūs inditur, lēnibus parcius.The use of the resin is classified thus: strong wines receive more of it, flat ones more sparingly.
* (Late Latin) surfeit of food, overeating
** 4th C. CE, Saint Jerome, Vulgate, Luke 21:34:
    Attendite autem vobīs, nē forte graventur corda vestra in crāpulā, et ēbrietāte, et cūrīs huius vītae, et superveniat in vōs repentīna diēs illa.And take heed to yourselves, lest perhaps your hearts be weighed down with overeating, and drunkenness, and the cares of this life, and that sudden day come upon you.
** 397 CE – 401 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Confessions 10.31.45:Ēbrietās longē est ā mē: miserēberis, nē appropinquet mihi. Crāpula autem nōnnumquam subrepit servō tuō: miserēberis, ut longē fīat ā mē.Drunkenness is far away from me: thou shalt take pity on me not to let it near me. Overeating, however, creeps sometimes to thy servant: thou shalt take pity that it be taken far away from me.

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Synonyms

* (drunkenness): ēbrietās, tēmulentia (very rare), vīnolentia
* (surfeit): edācitās, vorācitās, nimietās, saturitās, indīgeriēs (Late Latin)

#### Antonyms

* abstinentia, continentia, frūgālitās, sōbrietās

#### Derived terms

* crāpulānus
* crāpulārius
* crāpulentus
* crāpulor
* crāpulōsus

#### Descendants

* → English: crapula
* French: crapule
** → Dutch: crapuul
** → German: Krapüle
* → Finnish: krapula
* Italian: crapula
* → Portuguese: crápula
* Romanian: crapulare
* → Spanish: crápula

### References

* “crapula”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “crapula”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* crapula in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* crapula in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “crāpula” in volume 4, column 1097, line 43 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present