# tosco
## Italian
### Etymology 1

From Latin Tuscus (“Etruscan”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈto.sko/
* Rhymes: -osko
* Hyphenation: tó‧sco

#### Adjective

tosco (feminine tosca, masculine plural toschi, feminine plural tosche)
* (archaic) Tuscan (of, from or relating to Tuscany)

#### Noun

tosco m (plural toschi)
* (archaic) Tuscan (native or inhabitant of Tuscany) (male or of unspecified gender)
** 1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto X”, in Inferno [Hell]‎, lines 22–23; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎, 2nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:O tosco che per la cipta del foco / vivo ten vai così parlando honesto […]O Tuscan, thou who through the city of fire / goest alive, thus speaking modestly […]

##### Related terms

* toscano

#### References

* tósco in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Albanian toskë (“Tosk”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔ.sko/
* Rhymes: -ɔsko
* Hyphenation: tò‧sco

#### Adjective

tosco (feminine tosca, masculine plural toschi, feminine plural tosche)
* Tosk (southern Albanian)

#### References

* tòsco$^1$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔ.sko/
* Rhymes: -ɔsko
* Hyphenation: tò‧sco

#### Noun

tosco m (plural toschi)
* Poetic form of tossico (“poison, harmful substance”)
** 1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XIII”, in Inferno [Hell]‎, lines 4–6; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎, 2nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:Non fronda verde, ma di color fosco; / non rami schietti, ma nodosi e ’nvolti; / non pomi v’eran, ma stecchi con tòsco.Not green foliage green, but of a dusky color; not branches smooth, but gnarled and intertangled; there were not apple-trees, but thorns with poison.

#### References

* tòsco$^2$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* costo, costò, scoto, scoto-

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin tŭscus (“Etruscan, Tuscan”), in the context of Vicus Tuscus in Rome, whose inhabitants had a bad reputation.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtos.ku/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtos.ku/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈtoʃ.ku/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈtos.ko/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈtoʃ.ku/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -osku, (Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -oʃku
* Hyphenation: tos‧co

### Adjective

tosco (feminine tosca, masculine plural toscos, feminine plural toscas)
* (of stone) unpolished
    Synonym: bruto
    Antonyms: lapidado, lavrado
* (by extension, of an object) rough; raw; coarse; crude
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:grosseiro
* (of a person) uncouth; rude
* (colloquial) lame; boring

#### Derived terms

* toscamente

### Further reading

* “tosco”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
* “tosco”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin tuscus (literally “Etruscan, Tuscan”), from Vicus Tuscus (“Etruscan Street”) (the dwellers of Vicus Tuscus in Rome had a bad reputation).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtosko/ [ˈt̪os.ko]
* Audio (Spain):(file)
* Rhymes: -osko
* Syllabification: tos‧co

### Adjective

tosco (feminine tosca, masculine plural toscos, feminine plural toscas)
* crude
* uncouth
    Synonym: bruto
* coarse, rough, rough around the edges

#### Derived terms

* tosquedad

#### Descendants

Sicilian: toscu

### Further reading

* “tosco”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983) “tosco”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume V (Ri–X), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 565
* Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “9013. *tŭscus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 686