OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# litovat
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech ľutovati (“to be angry, to rage; to be sorry”), from Proto-Slavic *ľutovati, from *ľutъ. By surface analysis, lítý +‎ -ovat. The change of the original meaning of lítý (“ferocious”) to feeling sorry may have been influenced by the phrase Je mi líto. ("I am sorry.") whose today's meaning may have originated in "I feel bad/poignant.".

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlɪtovat]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

litovat impf (perfective politovat)
* to regret, to feel sorry

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | litovat, litovati | Active adjective | litující |
| Verbal noun | litování | Passive adjective | litovaný |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | lituji, lituju (coll.) | litujeme | — | litujme |
| 2nd person | lituješ | litujete | lituj | litujte |
| 3rd person | lituje | litují, litujou (coll.) | — | — |
* The future tense: a combination of a future form of být + infinitive litovat.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | litoval | litovali | litován | litováni |
| masculine inanimate | litoval | litovaly | litován | litovány |
| feminine | litovala | litovaly | litována | litovány |
| neuter | litovalo | litovala | litováno | litována |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | lituje | — |
| feminine + neuter singular | litujíc | — |
| plural | litujíce | — |

#### Related terms

* být líto
* lítostivý
* lítý
* nelítostný
* slitovný
* litování
* lítost
* sebelítost
* politovat
* slitovat
* zalitovat

### Further reading

* “litovati”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “litovati”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “litovat”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Finnish
### Verb

litovat
* third-person plural present indicative of litoa
# tartamudear
## Spanish
### Etymology

From tartamudo +‎ -ear.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taɾtamudeˈaɾ/ [t̪aɾ.t̪a.mu.ð̞eˈaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: tar‧ta‧mu‧de‧ar

### Verb

tartamudear (first-person singular present tartamudeo, first-person singular preterite tartamudeé, past participle tartamudeado)
* (intransitive) to stutter, stammer

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

#### Derived terms

* tartamudeo

### Further reading

* “tartamudear”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# redystrybucja
## Polish
### Etymology

From re- +‎ dystrybucja.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɛ.dɘs.trɘˈbu.t͡sja/
* Rhymes: -ut͡sja
* Syllabification: re‧dys‧try‧bu‧cja

### Noun

redystrybucja f
* (economics) redistribution (further distribution of something received or purchased)

#### Derived terms

* redystrybucyjny

### Further reading

* redystrybucja in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* redystrybucja in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# athletic shoe
## English
### Noun

athletic shoe (plural athletic shoes)
* (footwear) A shoe designed for sports or other forms of physical exercise, typically with a soft, rubber sole.

#### Synonyms

* runner
* sneaker
* trainer

#### Antonyms

* dress shoe
# punština
## Czech
### Etymology

From punský (“Punic”) +‎ -ština.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpunʃcɪna]
* Rhymes: -ɪna
* Hyphenation: pun‧šti‧na

### Noun

punština f
* Punic (Semitic language spoken by the inhabitants of ancient Carthage)

#### Related terms

* Pun m
* Punka f
* punský

### Further reading

* “punština”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “punština”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# Steinplatte
## German
### Etymology

Stein +‎ Platte

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Steinplatte f (genitive Steinplatte, plural Steinplatten)
* stone slab, stone plate

#### Related terms

* Arbeitsplatte
* Betonplatte
* Bodenplatte
* Eisenplatte
* Holzplatte
* Käseplatte
* Mauerstein
* Metallplatte
* Schallplatte
* Schlussstein
* Sitzplatte
* Stahlplatte
* Steindeckel
* Steinmauer
* Steinpflaster
* Steinsockel
* Tischplatte
* Wurstplatte

### Further reading

* “Steinplatte” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Steinplatte” in Duden online
# zamarsnąć
## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “seemingly an alt form of zamarznąć, but compare Kashubian marsnąc, and compare the derived noun”)

### Pronunciation

* (Masovia):
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /zaˈmars.nɔɲt͡ɕ/

### Verb

zamarsnąć pf
* (transitive, Far Masovian, medicine, of convlusions) to take; to affect

#### Derived terms

* zamarśnienie

### Further reading

* Antoni Waga (1860) “zamarsnąć”, in “Abecadłowy spis wyrazów ludowego języka w okolicach Łomży, Wizny i przyległych”, in Kazimierz Władysław Wóycicki, editor, Biblioteka Warszawska (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 760
# osteoarthropathy
## English
### Etymology

From osteo- +‎ arthropathy.

### Noun

osteoarthropathy (countable and uncountable, plural osteoarthropathies)
* (medicine) Any disease of a joint between bones

#### Derived terms

* hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
* hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
# antyspołeczny
## Polish
### Etymology

From anty- +‎ społeczny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌan.tɘ.spɔˈwɛt͡ʂ.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛt͡ʂnɘ
* Syllabification: an‧ty‧spo‧łecz‧ny

### Adjective

antyspołeczny (comparative bardziej antyspołeczny, superlative najbardziej antyspołeczny, no derived adverb)
* antisocial (opposed to social order or the principles of society)

#### Related terms

* aspołeczny
* społeczny
* społeczeństwo
* społeczność
* spółka
* umowa społeczna

### Further reading

* antyspołeczny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* antyspołeczny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# chovatel
## Czech
### Etymology

From chovat +‎ -tel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈxovatɛl]

### Noun

chovatel m anim (female equivalent chovatelka)
* breeder, stockbreeder

#### Related terms

* chovatelný
* chovatelský
* chovatelství

#### See also

* šlechtitel m

### Further reading

* “chovatel”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “chovatel”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “chovatel”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# inisiatif
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch initiatief (“initiative”), from French initiative, from Medieval Latin *initiativus (“serving to initiate”), Late Latin initiare (“to begin”), Latin initiare (“initiate”), from Latin initium (“beginning”), from ineo (“enter, begin”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /inisiˈatif/ [i.ni.siˈa.t̪ɪf]
* Rhymes: -atif
* Syllabification: i‧ni‧si‧a‧tif

### Noun

inisiatif
* initiative (a fresh approach to something; a new way of dealing with a problem)
    Synonyms: prakarsa, ikhtiar

#### Derived terms

* berinisiatif

### Further reading

* “inisiatif” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From English initiative (“initiative”), from French initiative, from Medieval Latin *initiativus (“serving to initiate”), Late Latin initiare (“to begin”), Latin initiare (“initiate”), from Latin initium (“beginning”), from ineo (“enter, begin”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iniˈsjatif/ [i.niˈsja.t̪if]
* Hyphenation: i‧ni‧sia‧tif

### Noun

inisiatif (Jawi spelling اينيسياتيف, plural inisiatif-inisiatif, informal 1st possessive inisiatifku, 2nd possessive inisiatifmu, 3rd possessive inisiatifnya)
* initiative
    Synonym: ikhtiar

### Further reading

* “inisiatif” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# toorts
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch tortse, from Old French torche, ultimately from Latin torqueō (“twist”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -oːrts

### Noun

toorts f or m (plural toortsen, diminutive toortsje n)
* torch (stick with flame at one end)
    Synonym: fakkel
* mullein (any plant of the genus Verbascum)
    Hyponyms: kandelaartoorts, keizerskaars, koningskaars, melige toorts, mottenkruid, oosterse toorts, paarse toorts, stalkaars, vlokkige toorts, witte toorts, zwarte toorts

#### Derived terms

* tikitoorts
* toortsdrager
* toortslamp
* toortslicht
* zaktoorts
* kandelaartoorts
* melige toorts
* oosterse toorts
* paarse toorts
* vlokkige toorts
* witte toorts
* zwarte toorts

### Further reading

* toorts on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$

### Anagrams

* stoort, troost
# commutability
## English
### Etymology

From commute +‎ -ability.

### Noun

commutability (countable and uncountable, plural commutabilities)
* The quality of being commutable.

#### Derived terms

* noncommutability
# pohrozit
## Czech
### Etymology

From po- +‎ hrozit. Compare Polish pogrozić and Russian погрози́ть (pogrozítʹ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpoɦrozɪt]

### Verb

pohrozit pf (imperfective hrozit)
* to threaten [with dative]
    nakonec jsme jí museli pohrozit policií. ― In the end, I'm afraid we had to threaten her with the police.
    tak jste jemu a jeho ženě pohrozil, aby byli zticha. ― So you threatened him and his wife to make him shut up.

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | pohrozit, pohroziti | Active adjective | pohrozivší |
| Verbal noun | pohrožení | Passive adjective | — |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | pohrozím | pohrozíme | — | pohrozme |
| 2nd person | pohrozíš | pohrozíte | pohroz | pohrozte |
| 3rd person | pohrozí | pohrozí | — | — |
* The verb pohrozit does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | pohrozil | pohrozili | — | — |
| masculine inanimate | pohrozil | pohrozily | — | — |
| feminine | pohrozila | pohrozily | — | — |
| neuter | pohrozilo | pohrozila | pohroženo, pohrozeno | — |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | — | pohroziv |
| feminine + neuter singular | — | pohrozivši |
| plural | — | pohrozivše |

#### Related terms

* hrozit
* pohroma
* pohrůžka

### Further reading

* “pohroziti”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “pohroziti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “pohrozit”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# տոն
## Armenian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Armenian տօն (tōn).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ton/, [ton]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /don/, [don]

### Noun

տոն • (ton) (traditional orthography spelling տօն)
* holiday; feast; festive occasion
* festival; solemnity; festivities, celebrations

#### Derived terms

* տոնագիր (tonagir)
* տոնածառ (tonacaṙ)
* փառատոն (pʻaṙaton)

#### Related terms

* տոնել (tonel)
# motivoitua
## Finnish
### Etymology 1

From motivoida +‎ -tua.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmotiʋoi̯tuɑˣ/, [ˈmo̞t̪iˌʋo̞i̯t̪uɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -oituɑ
* Hyphenation: mo‧ti‧voi‧tua

#### Verb

motivoitua
* (intransitive) To be(come) motivated.

##### Derived terms

* motivoituminen

#### Further reading

* “motivoitua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmotiʋoi̯tuɑ/, [ˈmo̞t̪iˌʋo̞i̯t̪uɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -oituɑ
* Hyphenation: mo‧ti‧voi‧tua

#### Verb

motivoitua
* partitive singular of motivoitu
# przemijać
## Polish
### Etymology

From prze- +‎ mijać. Compare Latin permeō (whence English permeate).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʂɛˈmi.jat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ijat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: prze‧mi‧jać

### Verb

przemijać impf (perfective przeminąć)
* (intransitive) to pass by, to end, to go by

#### Derived terms

* przemijający
* przemijalny

### Further reading

* przemijać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* przemijać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# gr
## English
### Noun

gr
* Abbreviation of grain, a unit of mass.
* (rare) Abbreviation of gram; the standard symbol for gram since the International System of Units was introduced in 1960 is g.

### Anagrams

* R&G, RG

## Egyptian
### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /kʼaːɾ/ → /kʼaːʔ/ → /kʼaːʔ/ → /kʼoːʔ/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /kʼaːɾ/
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /kʼaːʔ/
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /kʼaːʔ/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /kʼoːʔ/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ɡɛr/
** Conventional anglicization: ger

### Verb

2-lit.
* (intransitive) to be(come) silent [Pyramid Texts to Late Period]
** c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.12–2.1: jmj pr rn.k jw gr.k m r(ꜣ).k njs.t(w).kLet your reputation emerge, even as you stay quiet with your mouth when you are summoned.
* (intransitive) to be(come) calm, still, dispassionate [New Kingdom]

#### Alternative forms

| gr | gr |
| | [since the Middle Kingdom] |

#### Derived terms

* jgrt
* grw

#### Descendants

* Akhmimic Coptic: ϭⲟⲩ (cou)
* Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲱ (cō)

### Particle

enclitic
* also, furthermore, moreover [Old Kingdom to early Middle Kingdom]

#### Usage notes

This particle can attach to a subject, a verb, or a particle (including the particle of negation nj); unlike the adverb grw, which is often written identically, it does not fall in the syntactic slot of an adverbial element at the end of a clause. In the early Middle Kingdom it fell out of use and was supplanted by grt.

#### Alternative forms

| jgr | jgr |
| [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] |

### Adverb

* Abbreviation of grw (“also, furthermore, any more”).

### References

* “gr (lemma ID 167750)” and “gr (lemma ID 167730)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 177–178.5, 179.9–180.7
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 290
* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 241.

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (in the singular) /ˈɡrɔʂ/, (plural nominative) /ˈɡrɔ.ʂɛ/, (plural genitive) /ˈɡrɔ.ʂɘ/
* Rhymes: -ɔʂ, -ɔʂɛ, -ɔʂɘ

### Noun

gr m inan
* Abbreviation of grosz.

### Further reading

* gr in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* gr in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Xhosa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣʱ/

### Letter

gr (upper case Gr)
* A digraph in Xhosa orthography.
# Lhotecký Šefel
## English
### Etymology

From Czech Lhotecký Šefel.

### Proper noun

Lhotecký Šefel
* A hill, with a maximum elevation of 692·7 m, near the village of Machovská Lhota in the Czech Republic.

#### Related terms

* Machovský Šefel

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Lhotecký Šefel on Wikidata.Wikidata

## Czech
### Alternative forms

* Lhotský Šefel

### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “What does the Šefel part (also in Machovský Šefel) mean?”

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [lɦotɛt͡skiː ʃɛfɛl]

### Proper noun

Lhotecký Šefel m inan
* Lhotecký Šefel (a hill, with a maximum elevation of 692·7 m, near the village of Machovská Lhota in the Czech Republic)
    Synonyms: Přívrat, Příwrať (formerly), Machovský vrch (formerly)
** 2017, Alexandr Skalický Sr, “Malíř Antonín Hudeček na Policku a Machovsku”, in Sborník Národního památkového ústavu, územního odborného pracoviště v Pardubicích za rok 2017, →ISBN, page 61:Motiv stodůlky v popředí a kopcem pojmenovaným „Lhotecký Šefel“ (Machovský vrch, 693 m) na pozadí obrazu nazvaného „Chalupy v Machově“ je malířským motivem přímo z Machovské Lhoty.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Related terms

* Machovský Šefel m inan

#### Descendants

* → English: Lhotecký Šefel

### Further reading

* Lhotecký Šefel on Wikidata.Wikidata
# vyöryä
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vöörüdäk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋyø̯ryæˣ/, [ˈʋyø̞̯ryæ(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -yøryæ
* Hyphenation: vyö‧ryä

### Verb

vyöryä (intransitive)
* to roll (of a large mass, e.g. a large rock or a large amount of snow: descend out of control, e.g. by turning over and over like rocks in a rockslide, or by sliding like snow in an avalanche)
* (figuratively) to avalanche (descend like an avalanche)

#### Derived terms

* vyöry
* vyörymä
* vyöryttää
* vyörähtää

### Further reading

* “vyöryä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
# muuten
## Finnish
### Etymology

muu +‎ -ten (causative singular)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmuːten/, [ˈmuːt̪e̞n]
* Rhymes: -uːten
* Hyphenation: muu‧ten

### Adverb

muuten
* else, or else, otherwise (often preceded by tai (“or”))
    Jos harjaat hampaasi, ne pysyvät hyvässä kunnossa. Muuten saat reikiä.If you brush your teeth, they will stay in good shape. Otherwise you will get cavities.
    Maksa velkasi heti, tai muuten...Pay your debt now, or else…
* by the way, incidentally
    Mitä muuten tykkäsitte leffasta? Mun mielestä se oli hyvä.How did you guys like the movie, by the way? I thought it was good.

#### Derived terms

* muutenkaan
* muutenkin

### Further reading

* “muuten”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# kihisema
## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kihistäk, a sound-symbolic root. Akin to Finnish kihistä.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkihisemɑ/, [ˈkiɦiˌsemɑ]
* Rhymes: -ihisemɑ
* Hyphenation: ki‧hi‧se‧ma

### Verb

kihisema (da-infinitive kihiseda)
* (intransitive) to sizzle, hiss; to bubble
    Klaasides kihiseb šampanja. ― Champagne is bubbling in the glasses.
    Kraavi põhjas oli kihisev muda. ― There was a bubbling layer of mud at the bottom of the ditch.
    Elektripliidil kihises kohvivesi. ― Coffee water was sizzling on the electric stove.
* (intransitive) to swarm, pullulate; to teem, crawl with
    Synonym: kihama
    Kärbseparv kihises solgiaugu kohal. ― Flies were swarming over the sinkhole.
    Rahutu rahvahulk kihiseb nagu sipelgapesa. ― An unruly crowd swarms like an anthill.
    Jõed kihisesid kaladest. ― The rivers were teeming with fish.
* (intransitive, figurative, of emotions) to seethe, boil; to rage
    Synonym: kihama

#### Synonyms

* (to swarm; to crawl with): kihama
* (to seethe, boil (of emotions)): kihama

#### Derived terms

* kihin
* kihistama

#### Related terms

* kiha
* kihamine
* kihevil
* kihevile

### References

* kihisema in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
* “kihisema”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
# komuni
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch communie (“communion”), from Middle Dutch communie, from Old French communion, from Ecclesiastical Latin commūniō (“communion”), from Latin commūnis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [koˈmu.ni]
* Hyphenation: ko‧mu‧ni

### Noun

komuni
* (Catholicism) communion, Holy Communion
    Synonym: persekutuan

#### Related terms

* koman
* komunal
* komune
* komunikan
* komunikasi
* komunike
* komunis
* komunisme
* komunistis
* komunitas
* telekomunikasi

### Further reading

* “komuni” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# ἴονθος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

May belong to a word for "hair", which appears in Middle Irish find (“hair”), Dutch wenkbrauw (“eyebrow”), Old Prussian wanso (“first beard”), and Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ (“moustache”). The Greek word would have to represent a reduplicated formation *ϝί-ϝονθος (*wí-wonthos). All these words have been interpreted as verbal nouns from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“hair, wool, beard”), with the specific Greek formation as *wi-wondʰ-o-s.
For a similar semantic shift, compare Georgian თმა (tma, “hair”) ~ Svan შდო̈მ (šdöm, “rash”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /í.on.tʰos/ → /ˈi.on.θos/ → /ˈi.on.θos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /í.on.tʰos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈi.on.tʰos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈi.on.θos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈi.on.θos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈi.on.θos/

### Noun

ἴονθος • (íonthos) m (genitive ἰόνθου); second declension
* root of a hair, downy hair
* eruption on the face, which accompanies the first growth of the beard

#### Derived terms

* ἰονθάς (ionthás)
* ἰονθώδης (ionthṓdēs)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἴονθος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 594

### Further reading

* “ἴονθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἴονθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ἴονθος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* “ἴονθος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
# wariacja
## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin variātiō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vaˈrja.t͡sja/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -at͡sja
* Syllabification: wa‧ria‧cja

### Noun

wariacja f
* (art, film, literature) a literary work, film, painting, etc., that refers to and creatively transforms some popular theme, motif, or other work of art itself
* (art, film, literature) an object that refers to or is a variation of another
    Synonyms: odmiana, wariant
* (music) variation (musical technique based on an altered repetition of a theme)
* (ballet) pas seul, variation
* (combinatorics) sequence with repetition
* (combinatorics) sequence without repetition
* (astronomy) variation of the Moon (one of the principal perturbations in the motion of the Moon)
* (colloquial) insanity, madness
    Synonyms: obłęd, szaleństwo

#### Derived terms

* wariacyjny

#### Related terms

* wariacyjność

### Further reading

* wariacja in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# sikawka
## Polish
### Etymology

From sikać +‎ -awka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɕiˈkaf.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -afka
* Syllabification: si‧kaw‧ka

### Noun

sikawka f
* (firefighting) fire hose (hose designed to deliver water to douse a fire)
* (colloquial) squirt gun, water gun (toy gun used to shoot water)
    Synonym: psikawka
* (colloquial, humorous) fire hose (human penis)

#### Related terms

* sikać impf
* siknąć pf

### Further reading

* sikawka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* sikawka in Polish dictionaries at PWN