# substrate
## English
### Etymology

Anglicization of substratum.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: sub‧strate
* IPA: /ˈsʌbstɹeɪt/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

substrate (plural substrates)
* An underlying layer; a substratum.
* The substance lining the bottom edge of an enclosure.
    The substrate of an aquarium can affect the water's acidity.
    Stream substrate affects fish longevity.
* (biochemistry) A substance acted upon, as by an enzyme.
* (biology) A surface on which an organism grows, or to which an organism or an item is attached.
    The rock surface of a rockpool is the substrate for a sessile organism such as a limpet.
** 2000, Mike Hansell, Bird Nests and Construction Behaviour, →ISBN, page 90:This definition [of "tool"] is not simple, but contains several elements. The tool must not be part of the animal's body (a beak is not a tool); the user must manipulate the tool in some way for it to realise its function; and, finally, a tool cannot be attached to the substrate. This is a fairly clear definition, but does seem to produce some rather arbitrary distinctions (Hansell 1987b). The spider Dinopis, for example, makes a small web which it holds in its legs, thrusting it down on passing ants. This is a tool, but all other webs, however complex, are not since they are anchored to the substrate. The woodpecker finch […] that uses a fine stick held in the beak to extract insect prey from wood, is a tool user, but a shrike […] that impales an insect on a thorn still attached to the bush is not.
** 2006, Edward A. Wasserman, Thomas R. Zentall, Comparative Cognition: Experimental Explorations of Animal Intelligence, →ISBN, page 520:Detach/subtract [tasks involve] Severing a fixed attachment between environmental objects (or the substrate) or removing object(s) from another unattached object, so the latter is a more useful tool.
** 2015 December 29, “Spatial Patterns in the Distribution, Diversity and Abundance of Benthic Foraminifera around Moorea (Society Archipelago, French Polynesia)”, in PLOS ONE‎, →DOI:Amphisteginids and peneroplids were among the few taxa found in the bay environments, probably due to their preferences for phytal substrates and tolerance to moderate levels of eutrophication.
* (linguistics) A language that is replaced in a population by another language and that influences the language imposed on its speakers.
    Antonym: superstrate
* (plating) A metal which is plated with another metal which has different physical properties.
* (construction) A surface to which a substance adheres.

#### Synonyms

    The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. For synonyms and antonyms you may use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}}.
* underlayer
* (underlying layer; linguistics): substratum

#### Derived terms

* bisubstrate
* cosubstrate
* heterosubstrate
* monosubstrate
* multisubstrate
* nanosubstrate
* nonsubstrate
* phosphosubstrate
* pseudosubstrate
* substratal
* substratism
* substratist
* substratomaniac
* substratophile
* substratophilia
* substratophobe
* substratophobia

#### Translations
### Verb

substrate (third-person singular simple present substrates, present participle substrating, simple past and past participle substrated)
* (obsolete, transitive) To strew or lay under.
** 1663, Robert Boyle, “(please specify the page)”, in Some Considerations Touching the Vsefulnesse of Experimental Naturall Philosophy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Hen[ry] Hall printer to the University, for Ric[hard] Davis, →OCLC, part I:The melted glass being supported by the substrated sand.

### Adjective

substrate (comparative more substrate, superlative most substrate)
* Having very slight furrows.

### References

* substrate on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* “substrate”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.