# vitrum
## English
### Etymology

From Latin vitrum.

### Noun

vitrum (plural vitra)
* (obsolete) Glass; a glassy material.
** 1665, Robert Hooke, Micrographia:I imagine it to be some small parcel of the Steel, which by the violence of the motion of the stroke […] is made so glowing hot, that it is melted into a Vitrum, which by the ambient Air is thrust into the form of a Ball.

## Latin
### Etymology

Nominalised from Proto-Indo-European *wed-ro- (literally “water-like”), from the root *wed- (“water”). For the semantic development compare Persian آبگینه (âbgina, “glass”). The plant and its dye were named after the color of glass in antiquity.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈu̯i.trum/, [ˈu̯ɪt̪rʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈvi.trum/, [ˈviːt̪rum]

### Noun

vitrum n (genitive vitrī); second declension
* glass
    Synonym: hyalus
    Mihi dicendum est de materia, ex qua vitrum conficitur.I must talk about this material, from which glass is produced.
* dyer's woad, a plant used for dying blue (Isatis tinctoria)
    Synonyms: glastum, isatis
* woad, a blue dye used by the Britons made from that plant

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

#### Derived terms

* in vitro
* vitreus

#### Descendants

(See also the descendants of vitreus, which seems to be the source of mass nouns meaning 'glass' in a number of West Iberian languages.)
* Franco-Provençal: vitra
* Gallo-Italic:
** Emilian: vaider
** Lombard: védar, veder, védér, vedri
** Piedmontese: véder
** Romagnol: védar, vóidar
* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Corsican: vetru
** Dalmatian: viatro
** Italian: vetro
** Sicilian: vitru
* Old Occitan:
** Catalan: vidre
** Occitan: veire
* Old French: voirre
** French: verre, → vitre
*** ⇒ French: verrine
**** → English: verrine
*** ⇒ French: vitrine (see there for further descendants)
** Norman: vitre, verre
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: veri
** Ladin: vierech
** Romansch: vaider
* Sardinian: bídri, bidru, birdi, bírdiu, birdu, bridu, fidru, vidru
* Venetan: véro, viéro
* West Iberian:
** Aragonese: veire
* Non-Romance borrowings:
** → Proto-Brythonic: *gwɨdr
*** Middle Breton: guezr
**** Breton: gwer
*** Middle Cornish: gweder
**** Cornish: gweder
*** Middle Welsh: gwydyr
**** Welsh: gwydr
** ⇒ English: vitreous, vitrify
** → Esperanto: vitro
** → German: in vitro
** → Greek: βιτρίνα (vitrína)
** → Swedish: vitrös

### Notes

* ↑ Both the shift of PIE *-dr- to Latin -tr- (cf. lutra, uter) and of *we- to vi- (cf. vigeō, vitulus) are expected.

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vitrum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 684–685
* ↑ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 223.5, page 212

### Further reading

* “vitrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “vitrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* vitrum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* vitrum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “vitrum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “vitrum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Old Norse
### Adjective

vitrum
* inflection of vitr:
** positive degree strong masculine dative singular
** positive degree strong/weak dative plural

### Noun

vitrum
* indefinite dative plural of vitra

### Verb

vitrum
* first-person plural present indicative/imperative active of vitra