OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# szkodzić
## Polish
### Etymology

From szkoda +‎ -ić.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʂkɔ.d͡ʑit͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔd͡ʑit͡ɕ
* Syllabification: szko‧dzić

### Verb

szkodzić impf (perfective zaszkodzić)
* (intransitive) to be bad for someone/something
    Palenie szkodzi zdrowiu. ― Smoking is bad for your health.

#### Derived terms

* przeszkadzać
* przeszkodzić

#### Related terms

* szkodliwy
* szkodliwie
* szkoda
* szkodliwość

### Further reading

* szkodzić in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* szkodzić in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# přívěsek
## Czech
### Alternative forms

* přívěšek

### Etymology

(Can this etymology be sourced?) přívěs +‎ -ek

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpr̝̊iːvjɛsɛk]

### Noun

přívěsek m inan
* (jewelry) pendant
* (law) allonge
    Synonym: alonž

#### Related terms

* přivěsit
* přívěs m

### Further reading

* “přívěsek”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “přívěsek”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “přívěsek”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# σάρος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* σαρός (sarós)

### Etymology

From Akkadian 𒊹 (šar$_2$ /⁠šār⁠/, “3600, total, many, a great quantity or measure”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sá.ros/ → /ˈsa.ros/ → /ˈsa.ros/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /sá.ros/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈsa.ros/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈsa.ros/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈsa.ros/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈsa.ros/

### Noun

σᾰ́ρος • (sắros) m (genitive σᾰ́ρου); second declension
* (in Babylon) cycle of 3600 years
* (astronomy) cycle of 222 months

#### Descendants

* → English: saros

#### See also

* νῆρος (nêros)
* σῶσσος (sôssos)

### Further reading

* “σάρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* σάρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
# abduct
## English
### Etymology

From Latin abductus, perfect passive participle of abduco (“to lead away”), from ab (“away”) + duco (“to lead”).
* (physiology): Back-formation from abduction.

### Pronunciation

* (US, UK) IPA: /æbˈdʌkt/, /əbˈdʌkt/
* Audio (Canada):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌkt

### Verb

abduct (third-person singular simple present abducts, present participle abducting, simple past and past participle abducted)
* (transitive) To take away by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually with violence or deception; to kidnap. [Early 17th century.]
    to abduct children
    I was abducted by aliens.
** 1904, Jules Verne, chapter 16, in The Master of the World‎, archived from the original on 23 February 2012:That same night he had by force abducted the president and the secretary of the club, and had taken them, much against their will upon a voyage in the wonderful air-ship, the “Albatross,” which he had constructed.
* (transitive, anatomy) To draw away, as a limb or other part, from the median axis of the body. [Early 17th century.]

#### Synonyms

* carry off
* drag away
* kidnap
* run away with
* seize
* spirit away
* stretch
* take away

#### Antonyms

* adduct
* reinstate
* restore

#### Derived terms

* abductee
* abductive
* hyperabduct

#### Related terms

* abduce
* abducens
* abducent
* abduction
* abductor

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], →ISBN), page 2
* ↑ Philip Babcock Gove (editor), Webster's Third International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (G. & C. Merriam Co., 1976 [1909], →ISBN), page 3
* ↑ Thomas, Clayton L., editor (1940), Taber's Encyclopedic Medical Dictionary, 5th edition, Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company, published 1993, →ISBN, page 1
# automovilismo
## Spanish
### Etymology

From automóvil +‎ -ismo.

### Noun

automovilismo m (plural automovilismos)
* (sports) motor racing, auto racing, motorsport, autosport
* (US) automobile industry, car industry, automotive industry, (UK) motorcar industry

#### Related terms

* automovilista
* automovilístico

### Further reading

* “automovilismo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# caffeinate
## English
### Etymology

From caffeine +‎ -ate.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Verb

caffeinate (third-person singular simple present caffeinates, present participle caffeinating, simple past and past participle caffeinated)
* (transitive) To add caffeine to something.
* (intransitive, slang) To drink caffeinated beverages in order to increase one's energy or wakefulness or to enhance physical or mental performance.
** 2014, Marc Guggenheim, Overwatch:After he's caffeinated, he makes the now familiar morning commute down George Washington Memorial Parkway to Langley.
* (transitive, slang) To inject tension into (a situation, etc.) for one's own amusement; to stir things up.
* (transitive, slang) To provoke (a person) for one's own amusement.

#### Antonyms

* decaffeinate

#### Coordinate terms

* hydrate

#### Derived terms

* caffeinator
* overcaffeinate
* recaffeinate
# rejestr
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* regestr (archaic)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish rajistr / rejestr / rejistr. Doublet of register.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɛ.jɛstr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛjɛstr
* Syllabification: re‧jestr

### Noun

rejestr m inan (diminutive rejestrzyk, related adjective rejestrowy)
* register (formal recording of names, events, transactions etc.)
* (computing) register
* (linguistics) register (the formality of a given way of speaking)

#### Related terms

* rejestracyjny
* regest
* registratura
* rejestracja
* rejestrant
* rejestrator
* rejestratorka
* rejestrowiec
* rejestrować
* zarejestrować

#### Descendants

* → Russian: рее́стр (rejéstr)
* → Ukrainian: реє́стр (rejéstr)

### Further reading

* rejestr in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* rejestr in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# dychać
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dyxati.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɘ.xat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘxat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: dy‧chać

### Verb

dychać impf
* (archaic, intransitive) to breathe
    Synonym: oddychać
* (archaic, intransitive) to pant
    Synonym: dyszeć

#### Derived terms

* natchnąć pf
* oddychać impf, odetchnąć pf
* otchnąć pf
* utchnąć pf
* wdychać impf, wetchnąć pf
* wydychać impf, wytchnąć pf
* wzdychać impf, westchnąć pf
* zadychać impf, zatchnąć pf
* zdychać impf, zdechnąć pf

#### Related terms

* dech
* tchnąć

### Further reading

* dychać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* dychać in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Upper Sorbian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dyxàti. By surface analysis, dych +‎ -ać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɨxat͡ʃ/
* Rhymes: -ɨxat͡ʃ
* Hyphenation: dy‧chać
* Syllabification: dy‧chać

### Verb

dychać impf (intransitive)
* to breathe
* to breathe out

#### Conjugation
### References

* “dychać” in Soblex
# nebojácný
## Czech
### Etymology

From ne- +‎ bojácný.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnɛbojaːt͡sniː]

### Adjective

nebojácný (comparative nebojácnější, superlative nejnebojácnější, adverb nebojácně)
* fearless
    Synonym: odvážný
    Antonym: bojácný

#### Derived terms

* nebojácnost

### Further reading

* “nebojácný”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “nebojácný”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# tomar conciencia
## Spanish
### Etymology

Compare French prendre conscience.

### Verb

tomar conciencia (first-person singular present tomo conciencia, first-person singular preterite tomé conciencia, past participle tomado conciencia)
* (intransitive) to become aware; to realize
    Synonyms: tener presente, advertir
** 1985, Pedro José Peñaloza, speech in parliament:tiene la Cámara que tomar conciencia, porque la opinión pública, si la Cámara no toma conciencia la opinión pública ya tomó conciencia del problema y así se puede decir que todo bajo control, etcétera, pero la realidad es otra.The Chamber has to become aware, because the public opinion, if the Chamber does not become aware, the public opinion has already become aware of the problem and thus it can be said the everything is under control, etc., but the reality is different.
** 2006, Antonio Domínguez Hidalgo, Cronicuentos disparatados:Cuando las jóvenes generaciones tomen conciencia de lo que les robaron los enajenados por los ismos.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2012, José Rigoberto Ruiz Hernández, Abriendo Conciencia Espiritual:Hermano, no quiero que esta literatura sea de tropiezo, al contrario lo que quiero es que tome conciencia de su virtud, de su responsabilidadBrother, I don't want this literature to be a setback, on the contrary, what I want is for you to realize its virtue, its responsibility.

#### Related terms

* toma de conciencia
# 차단
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 遮斷.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈt͡ɕʰa̠(ː)da̠n]
* Phonetic hangul: [차(ː)단]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Noun

차단 • (chadan) (hanja 遮斷)
* block; blockade; obstruction
* isolation
    외부와의 차단 ― oebu-wa-ui chadan ― Isolation from the outside

#### Derived terms

* 차단(遮斷)되다 (chadandoeda, “to be blocked”)
* 차단(遮斷)하다 (chadanhada, “to block”)
# abecedary
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌeɪ.biːˈsiː.də.ɹi/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˌeɪ.biˈsi.dɚ.i/, /ˌeɪ.biˈsi.də.ɹi/

### Etymology 1

From Middle English abscedary, from Medieval Latin abecedārium (“alphabet, ABC primer”), from Late Latin abecedārius (“of the alphabet”), formed from the first four letters of the Latin alphabet + -ārius. Doublet of abecedarium.

#### Noun

abecedary (plural abecedaries)
* (rare) The alphabet, written out in a teaching book, or carved on a wall; a primer; abecedarium. [from 1350 to 1470]
** 2014 July 18, Caity Weaver, “My 14-Hour Search for the End of TGI Friday's Endless Appetizers”, in Gawker‎, archived from the original on 16 May 2022:I finish writing the alphabet on both napkins. There's room for more abecedaries, but […]
* One that teaches or learns the alphabet or the fundamentals of any subject; abecedarian. [from late 16th century]

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Late Latin abecedārius. Doublet of abecedarius.

#### Adjective

abecedary (not comparable)
* Referring to the alphabet; alphabetical; related to or resembling an abecedarius; abecedarian. [First attested in 1580.]

##### Related terms

* Abecedarian
* abecedarian

### References

* 1 2 3 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abecedary”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 3.
* 1 2 “abecedary, adj. and n.$^2$”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
# mecate
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish mecate, from a Nahuan language; cf. Classical Nahuatl mecatl.

### Noun

mecate (plural mecates)
* (originally US, Southwestern US) A rope of hair or maguey fibre, for tying horses, etc.

### References

* “mecate”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* McAtee, acteme

## Ladino
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish mecate, from a Nahuan language; cf. Classical Nahuatl mecatl.

### Noun

mecate m (Latin spelling)
* (Hekatia) a thick cord

### References

* Alegría Bendayán de Bendelac (1995) Diccionario del judeoespañol de los sefardíes del norte de Marruecos: Jaquetía tradicional y moderna, Caracas: Centro de Estudios Sefardíes de Caracas, →ISBN, page 464

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from a Nahuan language; cf. Classical Nahuatl mecatl.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /meˈkate/ [meˈka.t̪e]
* Rhymes: -ate
* Syllabification: me‧ca‧te

### Noun

mecate m (plural mecates)
* (Central America, Mexico, Venezuela, Philippines) rope, cord
    Synonyms: cuerda, soga, cordel

#### Derived terms

* a todo mecate
* como burro sin mecate

#### Related terms

* zacamecate

### Further reading

* “mecate”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# pudoroso
## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pudoˈɾoso/ [pu.ð̞oˈɾo.s̺ʊ]
* Rhymes: -oso
* Hyphenation: pu‧do‧ro‧so

### Adjective

pudoroso (feminine pudorosa, masculine plural pudorosos, feminine plural pudorosas)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Further reading

* “pudoroso”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Latin
### Adjective

pudōrōsō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of pudōrōsus

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin pudōrōsus (“modest, chaste; bashful”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pudoˈɾoso/ [pu.ð̞oˈɾo.so]
* Rhymes: -oso
* Syllabification: pu‧do‧ro‧so

### Adjective

pudoroso (feminine pudorosa, masculine plural pudorosos, feminine plural pudorosas)
* modest, humble, chaste
    Synonyms: modesto, púdico, decente
* bashful
    Synonym: púdico

#### Related terms

* pudor

### Further reading

* “pudoroso”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# absolucjô
## Kashubian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish absolucja.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ap.sɔˈlu.t͡sjɞ/
* Rhymes: -ut͡sjɞ
* Syllabification: ab‧so‧lu‧cjô

### Noun

absolucjô m inan
* (Christianity) absolution (absolving or setting free from guilt, sin or penalty; forgiveness of an offense)
    Synonym: rozgrzeszenié

#### Related terms

* absolutny
* absolutnie
* absolut
* absolutizm
* absolutorium
* absolwent

### Further reading

* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “absolucja”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
* “absolucjô”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
# fotosintético
## Spanish
### Adjective

fotosintético (feminine fotosintética, masculine plural fotosintéticos, feminine plural fotosintéticas)
* photosynthetic

#### Related terms

* fotosíntesis
* fotosintéticamente

### Further reading

* “fotosintético”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# hóspede
## Galician
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese ospede (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin hospitem, accusative singular of hospes.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɔspede/ [ˈɔs̺.pe.ð̞ɪ]
* Rhymes: -ɔspede
* Hyphenation: hós‧pe‧de

### Noun

hóspede m or f (plural hóspedes)
* lodger, boarder
* guest
    Synonyms: convidado, visita
    O hóspede e o peixe, ós tres días feden (proverb) ― Guest and fish, they stink after three days
** 1395, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 157:Et que esta Roupa que seja ena enfermaria para os frayres doentes ou para os frayres que foren ospedes que os mays mester ouuerenAnd that this clothes that are in the infirmary must be for the sick friars or for the friars that were guests that have the most need for them

#### Related terms

* hospedar
* hospedaxe

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “ospede”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “ospede”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “hóspede”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “hóspede”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese ospede, from Latin hospitem, from Proto-Italic *hostipotis, an old compound of hostis and the root of potis, possibly corresponding to a Proto-Indo-European root *gʰost(i)potis, a compound of *gʰóstis and *pótis. See also hoste. Compare Spanish huésped.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɔs.pe.d͡ʒi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɔs.pe.d͡ʒi/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈɔʃ.pe.d͡ʒi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈɔs.pe.de/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈɔʃ.pɨ.dɨ/ [ˈɔʃ.pɨ.ðɨ]
* Hyphenation: hós‧pe‧de

### Noun

hóspede m or f by sense (plural hóspedes)
* guest (person lodged in someone else’s house)
    Coordinate term: anfitrião

#### Derived terms

* hospedeiro

#### Related terms

* hospedar
* hospedagem
* hospital
* hospitaleiro

### Further reading

* “hóspede”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “hóspede”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# centang
## Indonesian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Javanese ꦕꦺꦤ꧀ꦛꦁ (cénthang, “to tick off; to place a mark”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtʃen.taŋ/, /ˈt͡ʃen̪.t̪aŋ/
* Rhymes: -entaŋ
* Hyphenation: cen‧tang

#### Noun

centang
* tick; checkmark (a mark (✓) made to indicate agreement, correctness or acknowledgement)

#### Verb

centang (active mencentang, passive dicentang)
* (transitive) to tick; to checkmark (to mark with a ✓ symbol)

#### Compounds

* centang biru

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sundanese [Term?].

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /t͡ʃənˈtaŋ/ [t͡ʃənˈt̪aŋ]
* Rhymes: -aŋ
* Syllabification: cen‧tang

#### Noun

centang
* curved embankment

### Further reading

* “centang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# klapać
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *klapati. Doublet of kłapać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkla.pat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -apat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: kla‧pać

### Verb

klapać impf (perfective klapnąć)
* (intransitive) to plop down (to put down something in a heavy way)
* (intransitive) to move one's jaw

### Verb

klapać impf
* (intransitive, of capercaillies) to toot (to make a sound during the mating season)
    Synonym: tokować

#### Related terms

* klap

### Further reading

* klapać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* klapać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# hydrolytický
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦɪdrolɪtɪt͡skiː]

### Adjective

hydrolytický
* hydrolytic

#### Related terms

* hydrolýza

### Further reading

* “hydrolytický”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “hydrolytický”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# γεωμέτρης
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From γεω- (geō-, “earth”) +‎ μετρέω (metréō, “to measure”) +‎ -ης (-ēs).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡe.ɔː.mé.trɛːs/ → /ʝe.oˈme.tris/ → /ʝe.oˈme.tris/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɡe.ɔː.mé.trɛːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ɡe.oˈme.tre̝s/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ʝe.oˈme.tris/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ʝe.oˈme.tris/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ʝe.oˈme.tris/

### Noun

γεωμέτρης • (geōmétrēs) m (genitive γεωμέτρου); first declension
* surveyor
* geometer

#### Related terms

* γεωμετρέω (geōmetréō)
* γεωμέτρητος (geōmétrētos)
* γεωμετρίᾱ (geōmetríā)
* γεωμετρικός (geōmetrikós)

#### Descendants

* Greek: γεωμέτρης (geométris)
* → Latin: geōmetrēs (see there for further descendants)
* → Georgian: გეომეტრი (geomeṭri)

### Further reading

* γεωμέτρης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* γεωμέτρης in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* “γεωμέτρης”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “γεωμέτρης”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. geometer idem, page 357.
# کیفر
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [kaj.ˈfaɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰäj.fǽɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰäj.fǽɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [kʰäj.fǽɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [kʰäj.fǽɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [kʲej.fǽɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [kʰäj.fǽɾ]

### Noun

کیفر • (keyfar) (plural کیفرها (keyfar-hâ))
* punishment
    Synonym: مجازات (mojâzât)
* (dated) consequence of one's actions; reward or retaliation

#### Derived terms

* کیفرخواست (keyfarxâst)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “کیفر”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# chapać
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xapati.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxa.pat͡ɕ/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) IPA: /ˈxa.pat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -apat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: cha‧pać

### Verb

chapać impf (perfective chapnąć or chapsnąć)
* (transitive, colloquial) to grasp something with teeth or a beak
* (transitive, colloquial) to eat something quickly
* (transitive, colloquial) to snatch, to snap at
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:kraść
* (intransitive, Chełmno-Dobrzyń) to hit, to strike
    Synonym: uderzać

#### Derived terms

* nachapać
* wychapać
* zachapać

#### Related terms

* chaps

#### Descendants

* → Yiddish: כאַפּן (khapn)

### Further reading

* chapać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* chapać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Antoni Krasnowolski (1879) “chapać”, in Album uczącéj się młodzieży polskiéj poświęcone Józefowi Ignacemu Kraszewskiemu z powodu jubileuszu jego pięćdziesięcioletniéj działalności literackiéj (in Polish), Lviv: Czytelni Akademickiéj Lwowskiéj; "Gaz. Narod." J. Dobrzańskiego i K. Gromana, Słowniczek prowincjalizmów zebranych w ziemi chełmińskiej i świeckiej, page 300
* Gustaw Pobłocki (1887) “chapać”, in Słownik kaszubski z dodatkiem idyotyzmów chełmińskich i kociewskich (in Polish), 2 edition, Chełmno, page 129
# miły
## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *milъ (“likable”). Cognate with Upper Sorbian miły, Polish miły (“nice, pleasant”), Czech milý (“kind, dear”), Old Church Slavonic милъ (milŭ, “dear, sweet”), and Russian ми́лый (mílyj, “dear, sweet”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmʲiwɨ/

### Adjective

miły (comparative milšy, superlative nejmilšy)
* gentle, mild

#### Declension
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *milъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmi.wɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iwɘ
* Syllabification: mi‧ły

### Adjective

miły (comparative milszy, superlative najmilszy, derived adverb miło or mile)
* nice, pleasant, dear, gentle, mild, soft, polite

#### Related terms

* arcymiły
* miluchny
* milusi
* milusieńki
* miluśki
* miluteńki
* milutki
* arcymile
* arcymiło
* mile
* miluchno
* milusieńko
* milusio
* miluśko
* miluteńko
* milutko
* miło
* jeśli życie miłe

### Further reading

* miły in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* miły in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “miły”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN