# wḏꜣ
## Egyptian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /waˈc’aʀ/ → /waˈt͡ʃʼaʀ/ → /wəˈt͡ʃʼej/ → /wəˈt͡ʃʼej/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /waˈc’aʀ/
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /waˈt͡ʃʼaʀ/
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /wəˈt͡ʃʼej/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /wəˈt͡ʃʼej/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /wɛd͡ʒɑ/
** Conventional anglicization: wedja

#### Verb

3-lit.
* (intransitive) to be(come) intact, sound, unhurt, in good condition
** c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 76–80: ꜥḥꜥ.n rdj.f wj m r(ꜣ).f jt.f wj r st.f nt snḏm wꜣḥ.f wj nn dmjt.j wḏꜣ.kw nn jtt jm.jThen he put me in his mouth, took me to his place of residence, and set me down without touching me, intact, without anything taken from me.
** c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) line 1.1: wḏꜣ snḏw ḥz mtThe deferential man is sound; the scrupulous man is honored.
* (intransitive, with r or ḥr) to be(come) kept safe from, to be preserved in the face of (something evil) [Late Period and Greco-Roman Period]
* (intransitive, of matters, affairs, states) to be(come) in a good state or condition
* (intransitive, of roads) to be(come) passable, traversable
* (intransitive, mathematics) to be(come) left over in a calculation
* (transitive) to leave intact or sound [Greco-Roman Period]

##### Alternative forms

| wḏꜣ | wḏꜣ |
| | abbreviation |

##### Derived terms

* ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb
* wḏꜣ jb
* wḏꜣt
* swḏꜣ

##### Descendants

* Demotic: wḏꜣ
** Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩϫⲉⲓ (oučei), ⲟⲩϫⲉⲉⲓ (oučeei), ⲟⲩϫⲉⲓⲧⲉ (oučeite)
** Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ (oučai)
** Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩϫⲉⲓ (oučei), ⲟⲩϫⲉⲉⲓ (oučeei), ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ (oučai)
** Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲟⲩϫⲉⲉⲓ (oučeei)
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ (oučai), ⲟⲩϫϩⲁⲓ (oučhai)

#### Noun

m
* (uncountable) soundness, well-being

##### Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

##### Descendants

See under the verb above.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /ˈwaːc’aʀ/ → /ˈwaːtʼaʀ/ → /ˈwiːtʼə/ → /ˈwiːtʼə/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ˈwaːc’aʀ/
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ˈwaːtʼaʀ/
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ˈwiːtʼə/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ˈwiːtʼə/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /wɛd͡ʒɑ/
** Conventional anglicization: wedja

#### Verb

3-lit.
* (intransitive) to go in procession, to proceed ceremoniously (+ r: to (a place))
* (intransitive) to go in general, to proceed, to make one’s way (+ r: to (a place); + n: to (a person); + ḥr: on (a path), through (a door))
* (intransitive) to pass on, to go along
* (intransitive, euphemistic) to pass on, to pass away, to die
* (intransitive, of the sun) to set
* (intransitive, imperative) come in!
* (transitive) to enter (a place) [Greco-Roman Period]
* (intransitive, with following r and infinitive) to go to do (something)

##### Alternative forms

wḏꜣ :

##### Derived terms

* šms wḏꜣ

##### Descendants

* Demotic: wṱ
** Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲓⲧⲉ (ouite)
** Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲓϯ (biti)
** Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧⲓ (oueiti)
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧⲉ (oueite), ⲟⲩⲓⲧⲉ (ouite), ⲟⲩⲉⲉⲧⲉ (oueete), ⲃⲓⲧⲉ (bite)

### References

* “wḏꜣ (lemma ID 52090)”, “wḏꜣ (lemma ID 52100)”, and “wḏꜣ (lemma ID 52130)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 399.14–401.8, 403.2–403.19
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 74–75
* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 173, 189, 191.
* 1 2 Compare Peust, Carsten (1999) Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language‎, Göttingen: Peust und Gutschmidt Verlag GbR, page 247.