# bocht
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɔxt/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: bocht
* Rhymes: -ɔxt

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch bocht, from Old Dutch *buht, from Proto-West Germanic *buhti, from Proto-Germanic *buhtiz. Equivalent to buigen (“to bend, bow”) +‎ -t (“verbal noun”).

#### Noun

bocht f or m (plural bochten, diminutive bochtje n)
* a bend, curve, inflection, something not straight
* a twist, change
* a bight, broad curvature of a coastline, bay

##### Derived terms

* bochtenwerk
* bochtig
* haarspeldbocht
* kort door de bocht
* rivierbocht

##### Descendants

* Berbice Creole Dutch: boktu
* → Papiamentu: bògt
* → Sranan Tongo: boktu
** → Aukan: bokutu
** → Caribbean Javanese: boktu

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch bocht, becht, bacht (“garbage, dung, shit”), possibly from Proto-West Germanic *buggjan (“to buy”), though this is at odds with the last two forms.

#### Noun

bocht m or n (uncountable)
* (now Belgium) junk, rubbish
* junk, booze, moonshine
* (Netherlands) disgusting drink, trash, rubbish
    Hij zei dat de bocht die hij ons gaf whiskey was, maar het smaakte er niet naar.He said that the foul drink he gave us was whiskey, but it didn't taste like it.

### References

* ↑ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “bocht2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish bocht (“poor”), from Proto-Celtic *boxtos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰogtós, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to break”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bˠɔxt̪ˠ/

### Adjective

bocht (genitive singular masculine boicht, genitive singular feminine boichte, plural bochta, comparative boichte)
* poor (of circumstances, of quality, condition, expressing pity, sympathy, expressing dislike, contempt)
* stingy
* (nominalized, masculine) poor person

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Synonyms

* daibhir
* dealbh

#### Derived terms

* béal bocht
* bochtaineacht

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 31, page 18
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 47
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 380, page 128

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bocht”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /boxt/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *boxtos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰogtós, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to break”).

#### Adjective

bocht
* poor
* (Christianity) of one who has taken a vow of poverty

##### Inflection

o/ā-stem :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | bocht | bocht | bocht |
| Vocative | boicht* bocht** | bocht | bocht |
| Accusative | bocht | boicht | bocht |
| Genitive | boicht | boichte | boicht |
| Dative | bocht | boicht | bocht |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | Feminine/neuter |
| Nominative | boicht | bochta | bochta |
| Vocative | bochtu bochta† | bochta | bochta |
| Accusative | bochtu bochta† | bochta | bochta |
| Genitive | bocht | bocht | bocht |
| Dative | bochtaib | bochtaib | bochtaib |
| Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized |

##### Descendants

* Irish: bocht
* Manx: boght
* Scottish Gaelic: bochd

#### Noun

bocht m or f
* poor person, pauper
* the poor (in a collective sense)

##### Inflection

As a masculine noun:
Masculine o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | bocht | bocht$^L$ | boicht$^L$ |
| Vocative | boicht | bocht$^L$ | bochtu$^H$ |
| Accusative | bocht$^N$ | bocht$^L$ | bochtu$^H$ |
| Genitive | boicht$^L$ | bocht | bocht$^N$ |
| Dative | bocht$^L$ | bochtaib | bochtaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||
As a feminine noun:
Feminine ā-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | bocht$^L$ | boicht$^L$ | bochta$^H$ |
| Vocative | bocht$^L$ | boicht$^L$ | bochta$^H$ |
| Accusative | boicht$^N$ | boicht$^L$ | bochta$^H$ |
| Genitive | boichte$^H$ | bocht$^L$ | bocht$^N$ |
| Dative | boicht$^L$ | bochtaib | bochtaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

##### Descendants

* Manx: boght

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

·bocht
* passive singular preterite of bongaid

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Scots
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [boxt]
* (Central Scots) IPA: [bot], [boʔ]
* (South Scots) IPA: [bʌu(x)t]

### Verb

bocht
* simple past tense and past participle of buy