# bolg
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish bolg, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbˠɔl̪ˠəɡ/, /ˈbˠɔlˠəɡ/
* (Aran) IPA: /ˈbˠɔlək/

### Noun

bolg m (genitive singular boilg, nominative plural boilg)
* belly, stomach, abdomen
* (by extension) bellyful
* (geology, astronomy, etc.) bulge, broad part, middle (of equator, galaxy, etc.)
* bag
* (nautical) hold (of ship)
* (nautical) bunt, belly (of sail)

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
bolg
boilg
vocative
a bhoilg
a bholga
genitive
boilg
bolg
dative
bolg
boilg
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an bolg
na boilg
genitive
an bhoilg
na mbolg
dative
leis an mbolg don bholg
leis na boilg :

#### Derived terms

* ar bholg an chuain (“in the open harbour”)
* ar bholg na sráide (“in the open street”)
* banda boilg (“belly-band”)
* boilg m pl (“bellows”)
* boilg an daorghalair (“haemorrhoids”)
* boilg fola (“glanders”)
* boilg gabha (“smith's bellows”)
* boilg leanna (“waters”)
* bolg bairille (“bilge of barrel”)
* bolg béice (“puff-ball”)
* bolg lampa (“bowl of lamp”)
* bolg le gréin (“sunbathing”)
* bolg loinge (“hold of ship”)
* bolg rite (“distended, full stomach”)
* bolg saighead (“quiver”)
* bolg seoil (“belly of sail”)
* bolg snámha (“air-bladder”)
* bolg soláthair (“corpus, miscellany”)
* bolg stoca (“fat indolent person”)
* bolgach
* cos ar bolg (“oppression”)
* crua sa bholg (“constipated”)
* daigh bhoilg (“stomachache”)
* do bholg a líonadh (“eat one's fill”)
* fead bhoilg (“shrill sound in breathing”)
* i mbolg an tsamhraidh (“during the longest days of the summer”)
* i mbolg na bliana (“during the longest days of the year”)

### Verb

bolg (present analytic bolgann, future analytic bolgfaidh, verbal noun bolgadh, past participle bolgtha) (transitive, intransitive)
* bulge
* blister

#### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | bolgaim | bolgann tú; bolgair$^†$ | bolgann sé, sí | bolgaimid | bolgann sibh | bolgann siad; bolgaid$^†$ | a bholgann; a bholgas / a mbolgann* | bolgtar |
| indicative | past | bholg mé; bholgas | bholg tú; bholgais | bholg sé, sí | bholgamar; bholg muid | bholg sibh; bholgabhair | bholg siad; bholgadar | a bholg / ar bholg* | bolgadh |
| indicative | past habitual | bholgainn / mbolgainn‡‡ | bholgtá / mbolgtá‡‡ | bholgadh sé, sí / mbolgadh sé, sí‡‡ | bholgaimis; bholgadh muid / mbolgaimis‡‡; mbolgadh muid‡‡ | bholgadh sibh / mbolgadh sibh‡‡ | bholgaidís; bholgadh siad / mbolgaidís‡‡; mbolgadh siad‡‡ | a bholgadh / a mbolgadh* | bholgtaí / mbolgtaí‡‡ |
| future | future | bolgfaidh mé; bolgfad | bolgfaidh tú; bolgfair$^†$ | bolgfaidh sé, sí | bolgfaimid; bolgfaidh muid | bolgfaidh sibh | bolgfaidh siad; bolgfaid$^†$ | a bholgfaidh; a bholgfas / a mbolgfaidh* | bolgfar |
| conditional | conditional | bholgfainn / mbolgfainn‡‡ | bholgfá / mbolgfá‡‡ | bholgfadh sé, sí / mbolgfadh sé, sí‡‡ | bholgfaimis; bholgfadh muid / mbolgfaimis‡‡; mbolgfadh muid‡‡ | bholgfadh sibh / mbolgfadh sibh‡‡ | bholgfaidís; bholgfadh siad / mbolgfaidís‡‡; mbolgfadh siad‡‡ | a bholgfadh / a mbolgfadh* | bholgfaí / mbolgfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go mbolga mé; go mbolgad$^†$ | go mbolga tú; go mbolgair$^†$ | go mbolga sé, sí | go mbolgaimid; go mbolga muid | go mbolga sibh | go mbolga siad; go mbolgaid$^†$ | — | go mbolgtar |
| subjunctive | past | dá mbolgainn | dá mbolgtá | dá mbolgadh sé, sí | dá mbolgaimis; dá mbolgadh muid | dá mbolgadh sibh | dá mbolgaidís; dá mbolgadh siad | — | dá mbolgtaí |
| imperative | imperative | bolgaim | bolg | bolgadh sé, sí | bolgaimis | bolgaigí; bolgaidh$^†$ | bolgaidís | — | bolgtar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | bolgadh | bolgadh | bolgadh | bolgadh | bolgadh | bolgadh | bolgadh | bolgadh |
| past participle | past participle | bolgtha | bolgtha | bolgtha | bolgtha | bolgtha | bolgtha | bolgtha | bolgtha |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

#### Descendants

* →⇒ Yola: wurgheere (< bhoilg)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 244, page 123
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 138, page 53
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 47

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bolg”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “bolg”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “bolg”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish bolg, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bolɡ]

### Noun

bolg m (genitive singular bolgey, plural builg)
* belly, stomach, abdomen, tummy
* corporation
* bilge
* bowl (of lamp)

#### Derived terms

* bolgagh

### References

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bolg”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* bolc

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bolɡ/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *bolgos (“belly”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”).

#### Noun

bolg m (genitive builg, nominative plural builg)
* belly, stomach
* bag, satchel
* bellows

##### Inflection

Masculine o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | bolg | bolg$^L$ | builg$^L$ |
| Vocative | builg | bolg$^L$ | bolgu$^H$ |
| Accusative | bolg$^N$ | bolg$^L$ | bolgu$^H$ |
| Genitive | builg$^L$ | bolg | bolg$^N$ |
| Dative | bolg$^L$ | bolgaib | bolgaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

##### Derived terms

* airbolg

##### Descendants

* Irish: bolg
** →⇒ Yola: wurgheere (< bhoilg)
* Manx: bolg
* ⇒ Scottish Gaelic: bolgan
* ⇒ Middle Irish: saigetbolc

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

bolg f (genitive unattested, nominative plural bolga)
* blister, bubble, puffball
* bud
* boss

##### Inflection

Feminine ā-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | bolg$^L$ | builg$^L$ | bolga$^H$ |
| Vocative | bolg$^L$ | builg$^L$ | bolga$^H$ |
| Accusative | builg$^N$ | builg$^L$ | bolga$^H$ |
| Genitive | builge$^H$ | bolg$^L$ | bolg$^N$ |
| Dative | builg$^L$ | bolgaib | bolgaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bolg m”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bolg f”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language