# commoner
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkɒm.ə.nə(ɹ)/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈkɑ.mə.nɚ/

### Etymology 1

From common +‎ -er (comparative suffix).

#### Adjective

commoner
* comparative form of common: more common
** 1952 January, M. D. Greville, “Scottish Railways in 1852”, in Railway Magazine, page 16:Sunday [train] services were far commoner than in later years.

##### Usage notes

* The potential for confusion with use of the noun as an adjective, especially in the UK, makes this form less desirable. The form "more common" is more common.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English comoner, comyner, cumuner, equivalent to common +‎ -er.

#### Noun

commoner (plural commoners)
* A member of the common people who holds no title or rank.
* (British) Someone who is not of noble rank.
** 1827, Henry Hallam, The Constitutional History of England from the Accession of Henry VII. to the Death of George II. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: John Murray, […], →OCLC:All below them [the peers], even their children, were commoners, and in the eye of the law equal to each other.
* (obsolete, UK, Oxford University) A student who is not dependent on any foundation for support, but pays all university charges.
    Synonym: (Cambridge) pensioner
** 1886, Rev. Morris Joseph Fuller, “College Days (Sydney-Sussex). 1629-1631”, in The Life, Times and Writings of Thomas Fuller, D.D.‎, 2nd edition, volume 1, London: S. Sonnenschein, Le Bas & Lowrey, pages 68–69:There are to this day fellow-commoners at Queens, and surely such a distinguished commoner as Fuller would have been allowed to remain on that foundation, in which he had spent seven years, in this new capacity. The expense would have been about the same, and the only way in which I can account for his migration is either pique at being passed over, or the friendship of so famed a theologian as Dr. Ward.
* Someone who has a right over another's land. They hold common rights because of residence or land ownership in a particular manor, especially rights on common land. eg: centuries-old grazing rights
** 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:Much good land might be gained from forests […] and from other commonable places, so as always there be a due care taken that the poor commoners have no injury.
* (obsolete) One sharing with another in anything.
** 1651, Thomas Fuller, Abel Redevivus; republished as chapter 1, in The Life, Times and Writings of Thomas Fuller, D.D.‎, volume 2, London: S. Sonnenschein, Le Bas & Lowrey, 1886, page 20:From the Counsell he was carried home to the Prison, and there for many days kept with bread and water, so that had the proudest Anchorite, pretending to the highest abstinence, been Commoner with him, it would have tried his swiftest Devotion to keepe pace with him.
* (obsolete) A prostitute.
** c. 1604–1605, William Shakespeare, All's Well That Ends Well, act 5, scene 3, lines 191–195:O behold this ring / Whose high respect and rich validity / Did lack a parallel; yet for all that / He gave it to a commoner o'th' camp, / If I be one.

##### Synonyms

* (member of the common people): See Thesaurus:commoner
* (prostitute): See Thesaurus:prostitute

##### Derived terms

* commonership
* fellow-commoner
* gentleman-commoner

##### Translations

Armenian: ռամիկ (hy) (ṙamik)
Belarusian: прасталюдзі́н m (prastaljudzín)
Catalan: plebeu (ca) m, plebea (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: 庶民 (zh) (shùmín), 平民 (zh) (píngmín)
Egyptian: (nḏs)
Finnish: rahvas (fi) (collectively)
French: roturier (fr) m, homme du peuple (fr) m, plébéien (fr) m
Galician: peiteiro, plebeo m, plebea f
German: Gemeiner m (dated), Plebejer (de) m, Angehöriger des gemeinen Volkes m (descriptive)
Hawaiian: makaʻāinana
Icelandic: almúgamaður (is) m
Italian: plebeo (it) m
Japanese: 庶民 (ja) (しょみん, shomin), 平民 (ja) (へいみん, heimin)
Korean: 서민(庶民) (ko) (seomin), 평민(平民) (ko) (pyeongmin)
Latin: plēbēius m, plēbs (la) f (collective)
Maori: tautauhea, tautauwhea, kāraroraro, tūtūā, marahea
Old Czech: chlap m
Portuguese: plebeu (pt) m
Russian: простолюди́н (ru) m (prostoljudín), простолюди́нка (ru) f (prostoljudínka), плебе́й (ru) m (plebéj), плебе́йка (ru) f (plebéjka)
Samoan: tagata taatele
Spanish: plebeyo (es) m, comunero (es) m
Thai: สามัญชน (th) (sǎa-man-chon), ไพร่ (th) (prâi), ปุถุชน
Ukrainian: просто́людин (uk) m (prostóljudyn), простолю́дин (uk) m (prostoljúdyn), просто́людець m (prostóljudecʹ), простолю́дець m (prostoljúdecʹ)
Urdu: عام لوگ ('ām log) (collectively)
Vietnamese: dân thường (vi), thường dân (vi) :