OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# bladder
## English
### Alternative forms

* blather, blether (Scotland)

### Etymology

From Middle English bladdre, bleddre, bladder, bledder, from Old English blæddre, a variant of blǣdre, blēdre (“blister, bladder”), from Proto-West Germanic *blādrā, from Proto-Germanic *blēdrǭ, *bladrǭ (“blister, bladder”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈblædə/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈblædɚ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ædə(ɹ)

### Noun

bladder (plural bladders)
* (zoology) A flexible sac that can expand and contract and that holds liquids or gases.
    Synonym: vesica
* (anatomy) Specifically, the urinary bladder.
    Synonym: vesica
* (botany) A hollow, inflatable organ of a plant.
* The inflatable bag inside various balls used in sports, such as footballs and rugby balls.
* A sealed plastic bag that contains wine and is usually packaged in a cask.
* (figurative) Anything inflated, empty, or unsound.
** 1711, Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, “Sensus Communis”, in Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times:to swim with bladders of philosophy

#### Hypernyms

* urogenital sinus - embryological precursor

#### Derived terms

* air bladder
* bald as a bladder of lard
* bashful bladder
* bladderball
* bladder campion
* bladder cancer
* bladder cherry
* bladder cicada
* bladder desperation
* bladdered
* bladderet
* bladder fern
* bladderful
* bladder infection
* bladder kelp
* bladderless
* bladderlike
* bladdernut
* bladderpod
* bladder senna
* bladderworm
* bladder worm
* bladderwort
* bladderwrack
* bladder wrack
* bladdery
* cackle-bladder
* cackle bladder
* gallbladder
* gall bladder
* gas bladder
* megabladder
* neobladder
* nonbladder
* overactive bladder
* painful bladder syndrome
* shy bladder
* swim-bladder
* swim bladder
* urinary bladder

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

bladder (third-person singular simple present bladders, present participle bladdering, simple past and past participle bladdered)
* To swell out like a bladder with air; to inflate.
** 1610, Giles Fletcher, Christ's Victorie and Triumph, in Heaven, in Earth, over and after Death:bladder'd up with pride of his own mcrit
* (transitive) To store or put up in bladders.
    bladdered lard

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch blader: see blaar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈblɑ.dər/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: blad‧der
* Rhymes: -ɑdər

### Noun

bladder f or m (plural bladders, diminutive bladdertje n)
* blister, particularly of paint

## Middle English
### Noun

bladder
* Alternative form of bladdre
# kasztan
## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin castanea. Doublet of szatyn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkaʂ.tan/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aʂtan
* Syllabification: kasz‧tan

### Noun

kasztan m inan (related adjective kasztanowy)
* (countable) chestnut, chestnut tree (any tree of the genus Castanea)
* (countable) chestnut (edible nut of a chestnut tree)
* (uncountable) chestnut (dark, reddish-brown color, as seen on the fruit of the chestnut tree)
    kasztan:

#### Declension
### Noun

kasztan m animal
* reddish-brown horse

#### Derived terms

* kasztan jadalny

#### Descendants

* → Belarusian: кашта́н (kaštán)
* → Esperanto: kaŝtano
* → Russian: кашта́н (kaštán)
* → Ukrainian: кашта́н (kaštán)
* → Yiddish: קאַשטאַן (kashtan)

### Further reading

* kasztan in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kasztan in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* kasztan in PWN's encyclopedia
# ğam
## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

From Arabic غَمّ (ḡamm). Compare Turkish gam, Azerbaijani qəm and Tatar ğäm.

### Noun

ğam
* sorrow, grief
* disaster

#### Derived terms

* ğamını çekmek
* ğamlı
* ğamsız
* ğamsızlıq

### References

* “ğam”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)
# bronżatura
## Maltese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian bronzatura.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /brɔn.zaˈtuː.ra/

### Noun

bronżatura f (plural bronżaturi)
* bronzing

#### Related terms

* bbronża
* bronż
* bronżar (brunżar)
* bronżin
# poblahopřát
## Czech
### Etymology

From po- +‎ blahopřát.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpoblaɦopr̝̊aːt]

### Verb

poblahopřát pf (imperfective blahopřát)
* to congratulate [with k (+ dative) ‘on’]
    Rád bych mu poblahopřál k vynikající zprávě. ― I would like to congratulate him on a fine report.

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | poblahopřát, poblahopřáti | Active adjective | poblahopřející |
| Verbal noun | — | Passive adjective | — |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | poblahopřeji, poblahopřeju (coll.) | poblahopřejeme | — | poblahopřejme |
| 2nd person | poblahopřeješ | poblahopřejete | poblahopřej | poblahopřejte |
| 3rd person | poblahopřeje | poblahopřejí, poblahopřejou (coll.) | — | — |
* The verb poblahopřát does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | poblahopřál | poblahopřáli | — | — |
| masculine inanimate | poblahopřál | poblahopřály | — | — |
| feminine | poblahopřála | poblahopřály | — | — |
| neuter | poblahopřálo | poblahopřála | — | — |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | poblahopřeje | — |
| feminine + neuter singular | poblahopřejíc | — |
| plural | poblahopřejíce | — |

#### Derived terms

* poblahopřání n

### Further reading

* “poblahopřáti”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “poblahopřáti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “poblahopřát”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# informativo
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /in.for.maˈti.vo/
* Rhymes: -ivo
* Hyphenation: in‧for‧ma‧tì‧vo

### Adjective

informativo (feminine informativa, masculine plural informativi, feminine plural informative)
* informative

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /in.foːr.maːˈtiː.u̯oː/, [ĩːfoːrmäːˈt̪iːu̯oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /in.for.maˈti.vo/, [iɱformäˈt̪iːvo]

### Adjective

īnfōrmātīvō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of īnfōrmātīvus

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /infoɾmaˈtibo/ [ĩɱ.foɾ.maˈt̪i.β̞o]
* Rhymes: -ibo
* Syllabification: in‧for‧ma‧ti‧vo

### Adjective

informativo (feminine informativa, masculine plural informativos, feminine plural informativas)
* informative

### Noun

informativo m (plural informativos)
* newscast, news, (UK) news programme, (US) news program, news bulletin
    Synonyms: noticiero, noticiario, (only on TV) telediario

#### Derived terms

* boletín informativo
* sobrecarga informativa

#### Related terms

* información
* informante
* informar
* informe

### Further reading

* “informativo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Wolaita
## English
### Proper noun

Wolaita
* A geographic region of Horn of Africa; the region of the Wolayttattuwa-speaking peoples
* A region of Ethiopia; the southern region of Ethiopia.

#### Coordinate terms

* Wolaita Sodo

#### Derived terms

* Wolaita Dicha
* Wolaita Kingdom
* Wolaitan

#### Related terms

* Wolayttattuwa
# лейкоцит
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [lʲɪjkɐˈt͡sɨt]

### Noun

лейкоци́т • (lejkocít) m inan (genitive лейкоци́та, nominative plural лейкоци́ты, genitive plural лейкоци́тов)
* white blood cell

#### Declension
## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* левкоци́т (levkocýt) — 1928-1933 spelling

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “bright”, adjective) +‎ Ancient Greek κύτος (kútos, “vessel”, noun).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɫei̯kɔˈt͡sɪt]
* Rhymes: -ɪt
* Hyphenation: лей‧ко‧цит

### Noun

лейкоци́т • (lejkocýt) m inan (genitive лейкоци́та, nominative plural лейкоци́ти, genitive plural лейкоци́тів, relational adjective лейкоци́тний)
* white blood cell

#### Derived terms

* лейкоцито́з (lejkocytóz)

### References

* ↑ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “лейкоцит”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka

### Further reading

* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “лейкоцит”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “лейкоцит”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “лейкоцит”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “лейкоцит”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
* “лейкоцит”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# ineficiência
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From in- +‎ eficiência.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /i.ne.fi.siˈẽ.si.ɐ/ [i.ne.fi.sɪˈẽ.sɪ.ɐ], (faster pronunciation) /i.ne.fiˈsjẽ.sjɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /i.ne.fi.siˈẽ.si.ɐ/ [i.ne.fi.sɪˈẽ.sɪ.ɐ], (faster pronunciation) /i.ne.fiˈsjẽ.sjɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /i.ne.fi.siˈẽ.si.a/ [i.ne.fi.sɪˈẽ.sɪ.a], (faster pronunciation) /i.ne.fiˈsjẽ.sja/
* (Portugal) IPA: /i.nɨ.fiˈsjẽ.sjɐ/
* Hyphenation: i‧ne‧fi‧ci‧ên‧ci‧a

### Noun

ineficiência f (plural ineficiências)
* inefficiency

#### Related terms

* ineficiente

### Further reading

* “ineficiência”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
# vaimeta
## Finnish
### Etymology

From vaimea +‎ -eta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋɑi̯metɑˣ/, [ˈʋɑ̝i̯me̞t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ɑimetɑ
* Hyphenation: vai‧me‧ta

### Verb

vaimeta
* (intransitive) to become muffled or subdued, to die down, to fade

#### Derived terms

* vaimeneminen

### Further reading

* “vaimeta”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04

### Anagrams

* avaimet, vaimeat
# ċirkulatorju
## Maltese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian circolatorio.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃɪr.ku.laˈtɔːr.ju/

### Adjective

ċirkulatorju (feminine singular ċirkulatorja, plural ċirkulatorji)
* circulatory

#### Related terms

* ċċirkula (ċċirkola)
* ċirkulanti (ċirkolanti)
* ċirkulari
* ċirkulazzjoni
# aktivoida
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Latin activus +‎ -oida.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑktiʋoi̯dɑˣ/, [ˈɑ̝kt̪iˌʋo̞i̯dɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -oidɑ
* Hyphenation: ak‧ti‧voi‧da

### Verb

aktivoida
* (transitive) to activate, to enable (to put something into action)

#### Derived terms

* aktivoiminen
* aktivointi
* aktivoitua
* inaktivoida

### Further reading

* “aktivoida”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
# kuukausittain
## Finnish
### Etymology

kuukausi +‎ -ttäin (distributive plural)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkuːˌkɑu̯sitːɑi̯n/, [ˈkuːˌkɑ̝u̯s̠it̪ːɑ̝i̯n]
* Rhymes: -ɑusitːɑin
* Hyphenation: kuu‧kausit‧tain

### Adverb

kuukausittain
* monthly

#### Derived terms

* kuukausittainen
* puolikuukausittain

### Further reading

* “kuukausittain”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
# yufi
## Chiquihuitlán Mazatec
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

yufi
* cloud

##### Derived terms

* yufi hnga
* yufi nangui

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

yufi
* elbow

##### Derived terms

* yufi rë ndeje
* yufi rë ninda naja
* yufi rë rcu ntsa

### References

* Jamieson Capen, Carole (1996) Diccionario mazateco de Chiquihuitlán, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 34)‎ (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 167

## West Makian
### Etymology

Compare especially Tidore yuhi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈju.ɸi/

### Verb

yufi
* (intransitive) alternative form of ufi (“to flow”)

#### Conjugation
### References

* James Collins (1982) Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎, Pacific linguistics
# asthenoteratozoospermic
## English
### Adjective

asthenoteratozoospermic (not comparable)
* Relating to asthenoteratozoospermia

#### Derived terms

* oligoasthenoteratozoospermic
# bezpáteřnost
## Czech
### Etymology

From bezpáteřný +‎ -ost.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɛspaːtɛr̝nost]

### Noun

bezpáteřnost f
* servility

#### Related terms

* páteř

### Further reading

* “bezpáteřnost”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “bezpáteřnost”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “bezpáteřnost”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# programovací
## Czech
### Etymology

From programovat +‎ -cí.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈproɡramovat͡siː]

### Adjective

programovací
* programming
    programovací jazyk ― programming language

#### Related terms

* programování

### Further reading

* “programovací”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “programovací”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# ċċerzjora
## Maltese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian cerziorare.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /(ɪ)t.t͡ʃɛrˈzjɔː.ra/

### Verb

ċċerzjora (imperfect jiċċerzjora, past participle ċċerzjorat or ċerzjorat, verbal noun ċċerzjorar or ċerzjorar)
* to read a notarial act to (someone) (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)

#### Related terms

* ċerzjorazzjoni
# punisht
## English
### Adjective

punisht (comparative more punisht, superlative most punisht)
* Obsolete form of punished.

#### Derived terms

* unpunisht

### Verb

punisht
* (obsolete) simple past and past participle of punish

### Anagrams

* Sutphin
# hodować
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ukrainian годува́ти (hoduváty).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xɔˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: ho‧do‧wać

### Verb

hodować impf (perfective wyhodować)
* (transitive, agriculture, horticulture) to breed, to rear; to cultivate, to grow (to obtain a new breed of animals or variety of plants by selection of individuals)
* (transitive, agriculture, horticulture) to breed, to rear; to cultivate, to grow (to ensure the growth and development of organisms used by humans or kept at home for pleasure by systematic measures, and to bring them to maturity)
    Synonyms: chować, trzymać
* (transitive, microbiology) to culture (to maintain in an environment suitable for growth (especially of bacteria))
* (transitive) to grow (to strengthen the power of a feeling or belief)
* (transitive, humorous) to grow (to let hair or nails grow without cutting them off)
    Synonym: zapuszczać

#### Conjugation
### Verb

hodować impf
* (reflexive with się, of microbes) to grow (to multiply under properly created conditions)
* (reflexive with się, of animals or plants) to grow (to grow and mature through human care)
* (reflexive with się, of feelings or beliefs) to grow (to strengthen gradually over a period of time)

#### Derived terms

* hodowca
* hodowczyni

#### Related terms

* hodowlany
* hodowla
* hodować żmiję na własnym łonie impf
* wyhodować żmiję na własnym łonie pf
* wyhodowywać impf

### Further reading

* hodować in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* hodować się in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* hodować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# atramentówka
## Polish
### Etymology

From atrament +‎ -ówka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.tra.mɛnˈtuf.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ufka
* Syllabification: a‧tra‧men‧tów‧ka

### Noun

atramentówka f
* (colloquial, computer hardware) inkjet printer
    Synonym: drukarka atramentowa

#### Related terms

* atramentowy
* atramentowo
* atrament
* atrament sympatyczny
* wylać morze atramentu

### Further reading

* atramentówka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* atramentówka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# tabir
## Brunei Malay
### Etymology

From Arabic تَعْبِير (taʕbīr, “to get across”). Cognate with Malay tabir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tabir/
* Hyphenation: ta‧bir

### Noun

tabir
* curtain

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay tabir, from Arabic تَعْبِير (taʕbīr, “to get across”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt̪abɪr]
* Hyphenation: ta‧bir

### Noun

tabir (plural)
* curtain.
    Synonyms: gorden, layar, tirai

#### Derived terms

* bertabir
* menabiri
* tabir-mabir
* tabir asap
* tabir besi
* tabir gulung
* tabir surya
* tabir udara

### Further reading

* “tabir” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Arabic تَعْبِير (taʕbīr, “to get across”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tabir/
* Hyphenation: ta‧bir

### Noun

tabir (Jawi spelling تابير, plural tabir-tabir, informal 1st possessive tabirku, 2nd possessive tabirmu, 3rd possessive tabirnya)
* Synonym of langsir (“curtain”)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: tabir

### Further reading

* “tabir” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish تعبیر (ta'bir), from Arabic تَعْبِير (taʕbīr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taːbiɾ/

### Noun

tabir (definite accusative tabiri, plural tabirler)
* expression, phrase
# nagryzmolić
## Polish
### Etymology

From na- +‎ gryzmolić.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na.ɡrɘzˈmɔ.lit͡ɕ/
* Rhymes: -ɔlit͡ɕ
* Syllabification: na‧gryz‧mo‧lić

### Verb

nagryzmolić pf (imperfective gryzmolić)
* (colloquial, transitive) to scrawl (to write unclearly)
* (colloquial, transitive) to doodle

#### Related terms

* gryzmoły

### Further reading

* nagryzmolić in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* nagryzmolić in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Nunn
## English
### Proper noun

Nunn (countable and uncountable, plural Nunns)
* A surname.
* A statutory town in Weld County, Colorado, United States, named after Tom Nunn.

#### Derived terms

* Baker-Nunn camera

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Nunn is the 2164th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 16769 individuals. Nunn is most common among White (67.43%) and Black/African American (25.77%) individuals.

### See also

* Buckley's and Nunn
# commoditize
## English
### Alternative forms

* commoditise

### Etymology

From commodity +‎ -ize.

### Verb

commoditize (third-person singular simple present commoditizes, present participle commoditizing, simple past and past participle commoditized)
* (US, business, transitive, proscribed) To transform into a commodity, particularly of an existing product.
** 2004, Joel Spolsky, “Strategy Letter V: The Economics of Open Source”, in Joel on Software […] , Apress, →ISBN, page 284:IBM's goal was to commoditize the add-in market, which is a complement of the PC market, and they did this quite successfully. […] Microsoft's goal was to commoditize the PC market. Very soon, the PC itself was basically a commodity, with ever decreasing prices, consistently increasing power, and fierce margins that make it extremely hard to make a profit.

#### Usage notes

The earlier commodify is more common, sometimes used synonymously, and sometimes considered more correct, with commoditize proscribed. In other use these are distinguished, with commoditize used in business contexts to describe a market that becomes a commodity market where products are interchangeable and there is heavy price competition, while commodify is used in social contexts to mean that a non-commercial good has become commercial, typically with connotations of “corrupted by commerce” – “Microprocessors are commoditized. Love is commodified.”

#### Synonyms

* commodify

#### Derived terms

* commoditization
* commoditizer
* decommoditize

### References

* ↑ Robert Hartwell Fiske (2011) Robert Hartwell Fiske’s Dictionary of Unendurable English […] , →ISBN, page 99
* ↑ James Surowiecki (1998 January 30) “The Commoditization Conundrum”, in Slate‎, archived from the original on 2012-05-09, retrieved 2015-08-16:What corporations fear is the phenomenon now known, rather inelegantly, as “commoditization.” What the term means is simply the conversion of the market for a given product into a commodity market, which is characterized by declining prices and profit margins, increasing competition, and lowered barriers to entry. (“Commoditization” is therefore different from “commodification,” the word cultural critics use to decry the corruption of higher goods by commercial values. Microprocessors are commoditized. Love is commodified.)
* ↑ Douglas Rushkoff (2005 September 4) “Commodified vs. Commoditized”, in rushkoff.com‎, archived from the original on 21 February 2010
# ċċentralizza
## Maltese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian centralizzare.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /(ɪ)t.t͡ʃɛn.traˈlɪd.d͡za/

### Verb

ċċentralizza (imperfect jiċċentralizza, past participle ċċentralizzat or ċentralizzat, verbal noun ċċentralizzar or ċentralizzar)
* to center, to centralize

#### Related terms

* ċentrali
* ċentralista
* ċentralità
* ċentraliżmu
* ċentralizzazzjoni
* ċentratura
* ċentrifugu
* ċentriku
* ċentripetu
* ċentru
* eċċentriku
# arrabalizar
## Spanish
### Etymology

From arrabal +‎ -izar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /arabaliˈθaɾ/ [a.ra.β̞a.liˈθaɾ]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /arabaliˈsaɾ/ [a.ra.β̞a.liˈsaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: a‧rra‧ba‧li‧zar

### Verb

arrabalizar (first-person singular present arrabalizo, first-person singular preterite arrabalicé, past participle arrabalizado)
* (Dominican Republic) of a city, to expand in a haphazard way with shoddy or cheap construction; to suburbanize
** 2016 November, “La Paola no ha llegado (“Laura ya no vive aquí”)”, in Listin Diario‎:Desconfiamos los unos de los otros en el barrio, el residencial, la torre o la esquina, mientras el país se arrabaliza institucionalmente y si lo duda, mire hacia el semáforo de su esquina.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

#### Derived terms

* arrabalización
# anarchokomunizm
## Polish
### Etymology

From anarcho- +‎ komunizm. First attested in 1931.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.nar.xɔ.kɔˈmu.ɲizm/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Rhymes: -uɲizm
* Syllabification: a‧nar‧cho‧ko‧mu‧nizm

### Noun

anarchokomunizm m inan
* anarcho-communism

#### Derived terms

* anarchokomunistyczny

#### Related terms

* antykomunistyczny
* dekomunizacyjny
* komunistyczny
* komuszy
* komunistycznie
* antykomunista
* antykomunistka
* antykomunizm
* dekomunizacja
* komuch
* komuna
* komunista
* komunistka
* komunizacja
* komunizm
* komuszka
* dekomunizować
* komunizować
* komuszyć
* skomunizować
* zdekomunizować

### References

* ↑ Nowy Dziennik‎ (in Polish), number R.14, nr 327, 1931, page 3

### Further reading

* anarchokomunizm in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* anarchokomunizm in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego