# handicap
## English
### Etymology

From hand-in-cap, in reference to holding the game stakes in a cap.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhændikæp/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

handicap (countable and uncountable, plural handicaps)
* Something that prevents, hampers, or hinders.
    Age is often a handicap.
** 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:Captain Edward Carlisle […] felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze, […]; he could not tell what this prisoner might do. He cursed the fate which had assigned such a duty, cursed especially that fate which forced a gallant soldier to meet so superb a woman as this under handicap so hard.
* (sports) An allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting, granted in a race (or other contest of skill) to the competitor possessing disadvantages; or an additional weight or other hindrance imposed upon the one possessing advantages, in order to equalize, as much as possible, the chances of success.
    The older boy won, even though his opponent had been granted a handicap of five meters.
    A handicap in chess often involves removal of the queen's rook.
** 1901, “Gleanings”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record‎, volume 4, number 1, page 31:Eventually the elephant and camel were depatched by themselves with two laps start of the bicyclist and horse, the motor car being scratch. It was a sensational race owing to the conduct of the field, but on the handicap the elephant won, bicycle second, motor car third.
* (sometimes considered offensive) The disadvantage itself, in particular physical or mental disadvantages of people.
* A race or similar contest in which there is an allowance of time, distance, weight, or other advantage, to equalize the chances of the competitors.
* (obsolete, uncountable, card games) An old card game, similar to lanterloo.
** 1660, Samuel Pepys, Diary of Samuel Pepys‎, page 95:Here some of us fell to handicap, a sport that I never knew before, which was very good.
* (obsolete, uncountable) Synonym of hand-in-cap (“old English trading game”)

#### Derived terms

* Benghazi Handicap
* handicap principle
* re-handicap
* self-handicap

#### Translations
### Verb

handicap (third-person singular simple present handicaps, present participle handicapping, simple past and past participle handicapped)
* (transitive) To encumber with a handicap in any contest.
* (transitive, figurative, by extension) To place at disadvantage.
    The candidate was handicapped by her lack of experience.
* To estimate betting odds.
    Grandpa Andy would buy the racing form the day ahead of time so he could handicap the race before he even arrived at the track.

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English handicap.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɦɛn.diˌkɛp/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

handicap m (plural handicaps, diminutive handicapje n)
* disability
* handicap, disadvantage
* (sports, golf) handicap, measure of ability

#### Derived terms

* gehandicapt

## Finnish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English handicap.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhændikæp/, [ˈhændik̟æp]
* Rhymes: -ændikæp

### Noun

handicap
* (anglicism) handicap (allowance)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of handicap (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
handicapini
handicapini
accusative
nom.
handicapini
handicapini
gen.
handicapini
genitive
handicapini
handicapieni
partitive
handicapiani
handicapejani
inessive
handicapissani
handicapeissani
elative
handicapistani
handicapeistani
illative
handicapiini
handicapeihini
adessive
handicapillani
handicapeillani
ablative
handicapiltani
handicapeiltani
allative
handicapilleni
handicapeilleni
essive
handicapinani
handicapeinani
translative
handicapikseni
handicapeikseni
abessive
handicapittani
handicapeittani
instructive
comitative
—handicapeineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
handicapisi
handicapisi
accusative
nom.
handicapisi
handicapisi
gen.
handicapisi
genitive
handicapisi
handicapiesi
partitive
handicapiasi
handicapejasi
inessive
handicapissasi
handicapeissasi
elative
handicapistasi
handicapeistasi
illative
handicapiisi
handicapeihisi
adessive
handicapillasi
handicapeillasi
ablative
handicapiltasi
handicapeiltasi
allative
handicapillesi
handicapeillesi
essive
handicapinasi
handicapeinasi
translative
handicapiksesi
handicapeiksesi
abessive
handicapittasi
handicapeittasi
instructive
comitative
—handicapeinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
handicapimme
handicapimme
accusative
nom.
handicapimme
handicapimme
gen.
handicapimme
genitive
handicapimme
handicapiemme
partitive
handicapiamme
handicapejamme
inessive
handicapissamme
handicapeissamme
elative
handicapistamme
handicapeistamme
illative
handicapiimme
handicapeihimme
adessive
handicapillamme
handicapeillamme
ablative
handicapiltamme
handicapeiltamme
allative
handicapillemme
handicapeillemme
essive
handicapinamme
handicapeinamme
translative
handicapiksemme
handicapeiksemme
abessive
handicapittamme
handicapeittamme
instructive
comitative
—handicapeinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
handicapinne
handicapinne
accusative
nom.
handicapinne
handicapinne
gen.
handicapinne
genitive
handicapinne
handicapienne
partitive
handicapianne
handicapejanne
inessive
handicapissanne
handicapeissanne
elative
handicapistanne
handicapeistanne
illative
handicapiinne
handicapeihinne
adessive
handicapillanne
handicapeillanne
ablative
handicapiltanne
handicapeiltanne
allative
handicapillenne
handicapeillenne
essive
handicapinanne
handicapeinanne
translative
handicapiksenne
handicapeiksenne
abessive
handicapittanne
handicapeittanne
instructive
comitative
—handicapeinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
handicapinsa
handicapinsa
accusative
nom.
handicapinsa
handicapinsa
gen.
handicapinsa
genitive
handicapinsa
handicapiensa
partitive
handicapiaan handicapiansa
handicapejaan handicapejansa
inessive
handicapissaan handicapissansa
handicapeissaan handicapeissansa
elative
handicapistaan handicapistansa
handicapeistaan handicapeistansa
illative
handicapiinsa
handicapeihinsa
adessive
handicapillaan handicapillansa
handicapeillaan handicapeillansa
ablative
handicapiltaan handicapiltansa
handicapeiltaan handicapeiltansa
allative
handicapilleen handicapillensa
handicapeilleen handicapeillensa
essive
handicapinaan handicapinansa
handicapeinaan handicapeinansa
translative
handicapikseen handicapiksensa
handicapeikseen handicapeiksensa
abessive
handicapittaan handicapittansa
handicapeittaan handicapeittansa
instructive
comitative
—handicapeineen handicapeinensa :
Possessive forms of handicap (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
handicapini
handicapini
accusative
nom.
handicapini
handicapini
gen.
handicapini
genitive
handicapini
handicapieni
partitive
handicapiäni
handicapejäni
inessive
handicapissäni
handicapeissäni
elative
handicapistäni
handicapeistäni
illative
handicapiini
handicapeihini
adessive
handicapilläni
handicapeilläni
ablative
handicapiltäni
handicapeiltäni
allative
handicapilleni
handicapeilleni
essive
handicapinäni
handicapeinäni
translative
handicapikseni
handicapeikseni
abessive
handicapittäni
handicapeittäni
instructive
comitative
—handicapeineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
handicapisi
handicapisi
accusative
nom.
handicapisi
handicapisi
gen.
handicapisi
genitive
handicapisi
handicapiesi
partitive
handicapiäsi
handicapejäsi
inessive
handicapissäsi
handicapeissäsi
elative
handicapistäsi
handicapeistäsi
illative
handicapiisi
handicapeihisi
adessive
handicapilläsi
handicapeilläsi
ablative
handicapiltäsi
handicapeiltäsi
allative
handicapillesi
handicapeillesi
essive
handicapinäsi
handicapeinäsi
translative
handicapiksesi
handicapeiksesi
abessive
handicapittäsi
handicapeittäsi
instructive
comitative
—handicapeinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
handicapimme
handicapimme
accusative
nom.
handicapimme
handicapimme
gen.
handicapimme
genitive
handicapimme
handicapiemme
partitive
handicapiämme
handicapejämme
inessive
handicapissämme
handicapeissämme
elative
handicapistämme
handicapeistämme
illative
handicapiimme
handicapeihimme
adessive
handicapillämme
handicapeillämme
ablative
handicapiltämme
handicapeiltämme
allative
handicapillemme
handicapeillemme
essive
handicapinämme
handicapeinämme
translative
handicapiksemme
handicapeiksemme
abessive
handicapittämme
handicapeittämme
instructive
comitative
—handicapeinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
handicapinne
handicapinne
accusative
nom.
handicapinne
handicapinne
gen.
handicapinne
genitive
handicapinne
handicapienne
partitive
handicapiänne
handicapejänne
inessive
handicapissänne
handicapeissänne
elative
handicapistänne
handicapeistänne
illative
handicapiinne
handicapeihinne
adessive
handicapillänne
handicapeillänne
ablative
handicapiltänne
handicapeiltänne
allative
handicapillenne
handicapeillenne
essive
handicapinänne
handicapeinänne
translative
handicapiksenne
handicapeiksenne
abessive
handicapittänne
handicapeittänne
instructive
comitative
—handicapeinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
handicapinsä
handicapinsä
accusative
nom.
handicapinsä
handicapinsä
gen.
handicapinsä
genitive
handicapinsä
handicapiensä
partitive
handicapiään handicapiänsä
handicapejään handicapejänsä
inessive
handicapissään handicapissänsä
handicapeissään handicapeissänsä
elative
handicapistään handicapistänsä
handicapeistään handicapeistänsä
illative
handicapiinsä
handicapeihinsä
adessive
handicapillään handicapillänsä
handicapeillään handicapeillänsä
ablative
handicapiltään handicapiltänsä
handicapeiltään handicapeiltänsä
allative
handicapilleen handicapillensä
handicapeilleen handicapeillensä
essive
handicapinään handicapinänsä
handicapeinään handicapeinänsä
translative
handicapikseen handicapiksensä
handicapeikseen handicapeiksensä
abessive
handicapittään handicapittänsä
handicapeittään handicapeittänsä
instructive
comitative
—handicapeineen handicapeinensä :

#### Synonyms

* tasoitus

### Further reading

* “handicap”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## French
### Etymology

English handicap.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑ̃.di.kap/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

handicap m (plural handicaps)
* handicap
* disability

#### Derived terms

* handicapé

### Further reading

* “handicap”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English handicap.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈan.di.kap/, /ˈɛn.di.kap/
* Rhymes: -andikap, -ɛndikap
* Hyphenation: hàn‧di‧cap

### Noun

handicap m (invariable)
* handicap (disability; horserace)

### References

* ↑ handicap in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English handicap.

### Noun

handicap m (uncountable)
* handicap, disadvantage
* advantage

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English handicap or French handicap.

### Noun

handicap n (plural handicapuri)
* handicap

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English handicap.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /andiˈkap/ [ãn̪.d̪iˈkap]
* Rhymes: -ap
* Syllabification: han‧di‧cap

### Noun

handicap m (plural handicaps)
* handicap