# cardo
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cardō (“hinge”). Doublet of kern.

### Noun

cardo (plural cardines)
* (zoology) The basal joint of the maxilla in insects
* (zoology) The hinge of a bivalve shell.
* (Ancient Rome) A street that ran north–south, in an Ancient Roman town or city
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “cardo”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

### Anagrams

* Draco, draco, Acord, C-Road, Coard

## Catalan
### Verb

cardo
* first-person singular present indicative of cardar

## Galician
### Etymology 1

Attested since circa 1300. From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin carduus.

#### Alternative forms

* cardio

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkaɾðo̝/

#### Noun

cardo m (plural cardos)
* thistle
** c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 7:mays a terra mays lle criaua cardos et espyñas et outras eruas et cousas danosas que o estoruauam que [nõ] o que el semẽtauabut the earth did not produce but thistles and thorns and other plants and weeds that would rather hinder him than that that he sowed

##### Derived terms

* Cardal
* Cardedo
* cardo bravo
* cardo leiteiro
* cardo marítimo
* cardo molar
* cardo santo
* cardo veliño
* Cardosa
* Cardoso

#### References

* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “cardo”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cardo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cardo”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cardo”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

cardo
* first-person singular present indicative of cardar

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkar.do/
* Rhymes: -ardo
* Hyphenation: càr‧do

### Etymology 1

From Latin carduus (“thistle”).

#### Noun

cardo m (plural cardi)
* thistle
* teasel
* implement for carding wool with thistle-like bristles, card
    Synonym: scardasso

##### Derived terms

* cardeto
* cardone

#### Verb

cardo
* first-person singular present indicative of cardare

### Etymology 2

From Latin cardō (“hinge, astronomical pole”), hence, north–south line.

#### Noun

cardo m (plural cardi)
* the principal north–south street in Roman cities or encampments

### Anagrams

* cadrò, corda, croda, draco

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkar.doː/, [ˈkärd̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkar.do/, [ˈkärd̪o]

### Etymology 1

Uncertain. Traditionally related to Ancient Greek κράδη (krádē, “twig, spray; swing, crane in the drama”), but unlikely as the concordant sense of swing is metaphorical and likely too recent. Or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerd- (“to move, sway, swing, jump”) and so cognate with Proto-Germanic *herzô (“bar, pivot, hinge”) (whence English har (“hinge”)). Compare in any case Old High German scerdo (“hinge”).

#### Noun

cardō m (genitive cardinis); third declension
* hinge (of a door or gate), usually a pivot and socket in Roman times.
* (by extension) a tenon, mortice, or socket
* A street, that ran north–south, in a Roman town or military camp
* (figuratively) turning point, critical moment or action
* (figuratively) the symbolism of the hinge in ancient Roman religion and myth
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.101–102:Prīma diēs tibi, Carnā, datur. dea cardinis haec est: nūmine clausa aperit, claudit aperta suō.The first day [of June] is being given to you, Carna. This is the goddess of the hinge: by her divine power she opens the closed, [and] closes the opened. (Ovid conflates the June festival of the goddess Carna with the mythology of Cardea; see also Janus and Hinge.)
* (astronomy) a pole

##### Declension

Third-declension noun.

##### Derived terms

* Cardea
* cardinālis
* cardinātus
* cardineus
* cardo maximus

##### Descendants

* French: carne, charnière
* Italian: cardine, cardo
* Spanish: cárdine
* English: cardinal

##### See also

* decumanus (“east-west street”)

### Etymology 2

Variant form of carduus (“wild thistle, artichoke”); see also cardus, cardunculus.
Attested in the eighth-century Reichenau Glossary.

#### Noun

cardō m (genitive cardōnis or cardinis); third declension (Early Medieval Latin)
* thistle or some similar plant

##### Declension

Third-declension noun (two different stems).

##### Descendants

* Old French:
** French: chardon
* Old Occitan: cardon
** → Italian: cardone
** → Middle French: cardon
*** French: cardon
*** → English: cardoon
* Sicilian: carduni

### References

* “cardo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “cardo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* cardo in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* cardo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the pole: vertex caeli, axis caeli, cardo caeli
* “cardo”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “cardo”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cardō, -inis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 92

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1

From Latin carduus.

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈkaʁ.du/ [ˈkaɦ.du]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈkaʁ.du/ [ˈkaɦ.du]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈkaɾ.du/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈkaʁ.du/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈkaɻ.do/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈkaɾ.du/ [ˈkaɾ.ðu]

#### Noun

cardo m (plural cardos)
* thistle (plant)

##### Related terms

* cárdeo

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

cardo
* first-person singular present indicative of cardar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkaɾdo/ [ˈkaɾ.ð̞o]
* Audio (Spain):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɾdo
* Syllabification: car‧do

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin carduus.

#### Noun

cardo m (plural cardos)
* thistle
* cardoon (plant)
* (Spain) prickly customer
* (Spain) butt ugly person

##### Derived terms

* cardo abadejo
* cardo azul
* cardo bendito
* cardo chuza
* cardo gigante
* cardo lanudo
* cardo mariano
* cardo ruso
* cardo yesquero

##### Related terms

* antipático
* cardencha

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

cardo
* first-person singular present indicative of cardar

### Further reading

* “cardo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10