# पा
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /pɑː/, [päː]

### Verb

पा • (pā)
* inflection of पाना (pānā):
** stem
** second-person singular intimate present imperative

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* পা (Assamese script)
* ᬧᬵ (Balinese script)
* পা (Bengali script)
* 𑰢𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀧𑀸 (Brahmi script)
* ပါ (Burmese script)
* પા (Gujarati script)
* ਪਾ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌪𑌾 (Grantha script)
* ꦥꦴ (Javanese script)
* 𑂣𑂰 (Kaithi script)
* ಪಾ (Kannada script)
* បា (Khmer script)
* ປາ (Lao script)
* പാ (Malayalam script)
* ᢒᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
* 𑘢𑘰 (Modi script)
* ᢒᠠ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧂𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐥𑐵 (Newa script)
* ପା (Odia script)
* ꢦꢵ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆥𑆳 (Sharada script)
* 𑖢𑖯 (Siddham script)
* පා (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩰𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚞𑚭 (Takri script)
* பா (Tamil script)
* పా (Telugu script)
* ปา (Thai script)
* པཱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒣𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨞𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /pɑː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /pɑː/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”); Cognate with Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎮𐎹 (pādiy), Latin pascō (“to feed, maintain”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀕 (po-me). Probably not related to पाल (pāla, “guard”), despite popular folk etymology; see there for more.

#### Root

पा • (pā)
* to watch, keep, preserve
* to protect from, defend against
* to protect (a country), i.e. rule, govern
* to observe, notice, attend to, follow

##### Derived terms
###### Primary Verbal Forms

* पाति (pā́ti, Present)
* पास्यति (pāsyáti, Future)
* पाता (pātā́, Periphrastic Future)
* अपासीत् (ápāsīt, Aorist)
* अपास् (ápās, Aorist)
* पायात् (pāyā́t, Benedictive)
* पपौ (papáu, Perfect)

###### Secondary Forms

* पायते (pāyate, Passive)
* पिपासति (pipāsati, Desiderative)
* पापायते (pāpāyate, Intensive)
* पापेति (pāpeti, Intensive)

###### Non-Finite Forms

* पात (pāta, Past Participle)
* पातुम् (pātum, Infinitive)
* पातव्य (pātavya, Gerundive)
* पानीय (pānīya, Gerundive)

###### Derived Nominal Forms

* पा (pā́)
* पातृ (pātṛ́, “protector, defender”)
* पात्र (pā́tra)
* पान (pāna, “protection, defense”)
* पायु (pāyú)
* पावन् (pāvan, “protecting”)
* पीथ (pītha)
* पीथ्य (pī́thya)

###### Prefixed Root Forms

* अभिपा (abhipā)
* निपा (nipā)
* परिपा (paripā)
Sometimes given with पालयति (pāláyati) as causative.

#### Adjective

पा • (pā́) stem
* keeping, protecting, guarding, etc.

##### Derived terms

* गोपा (gopā́)
* तनूपा (tanūpā́)

#### Noun

पा • (pā) stem, f
* guarding, protecting

##### Declension
#### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 573/2, 613/2.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 96
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 112-3
* Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pā [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 377-8

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis) whence symposium (“drinking together”); Latin pōtō whence English potion and poison; Proto-Slavic *pivo (“beer”).

#### Root

पा • (pā)
* to drink, quaff, suck, sip, swallow
* (figuratively) to imbibe, draw in, appropriate, enjoy, feast upon (with the eyes, ears, etc.)
* to drink up, exhaust, absorb
* to drink intoxicating liquors

##### Derived terms
###### Primary Verbal Forms

* पिबति (píbati, Present)
* पिपति (pipati, Present)
* पास्यति (pāsyáti, Future)
* पाता (pātā́, Periphrastic Future)
* अपात् (ápāt, Aorist)
* अपास् (ápās, Aorist)
* पेयात् (peyā́t, Benedictive)
* पपौ (papáu, Perfect)

###### Secondary Forms

* पीयते (pīyáte, Passive)
* अपायि (ápāyi, Passive Aorist)
* पाययति (pāyáyati, Causative)
* अपीप्यत् (ápīpyat, Causative Aorist)
* पिपासति (pipāsati, Desiderative)
* पिपीषति (pípīṣati, Desiderative)
* पिपाययिषति (pipāyayiṣati, Desiderative of Causative)
* पेपीयते (pepīyate, Intensive)

###### Non-Finite Forms

* पीत (pītá, Past Participle)
* पातुम् (pātum, Infinitive)
* पातवे (pā́tave, Infinitive)
* पातवै (pā́tavái, Infinitive)
* पिबध्यै (píbadhyai, Infinitive)
* पीत्वा (pītvā́, Gerund)
* पीत्वी (pītvī́, Gerund)
* पायम् (pāyam, Gerund)
* पेय (peya, Gerundive)
* पातव्य (pātavya, Gerundive)
* पानीय (pānīya, Gerundive)
* पाययितवै (pā́yayitavái, Causative Infinitive)

###### Derived Nominal Forms

* पपि (papí)
* पा (pā)
* पातृ (pātṛ)
* पान (pā́na)
* पावन् (pā́van)
* पिपासा (pipāsā́)
* पीति (pītí)
* पीथ (pītha)

###### Prefixed Root Forms

* अनुपा (anupā)
* अन्ववपा (anvavapā)
* अभिपा (abhipā)
* आपा (āpā)
* उत्पा (utpā)
* निपा (nipā)
* निष्पा (niṣpā)
* परिपा (paripā)
* प्रपा (prapā)
* विपा (vipā)
* सम्पा (sampā)
पात्र (pā́tra, “bowl, vessel, cup”) is often also considered to belong here, but this might not be etymologically accurate.

#### Adjective

पा • (pā) stem
* drinking, quaffing, etc.

##### Declension
#### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 612, column 3.
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “पा”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 95
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “पा”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 113-114
* Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pā [2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 378
* Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 255
* Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 462
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) “839”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 839

### Etymology 3

Probably related to Hittite [script needed] (pippa-, “to overturn”), [script needed] (pa-i-mi-, “goes”). Burrow and Whitney's derivations of the root as a semantic specialization of Etymology 2 ("to drink") are less likely.

#### Root

पा • (pā)
* to rise against, be hostile

##### Derived terms

* उत्पा (utpā)
* पिपान (pipāna)
* पिपीते (pipīte)

#### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1330, column 2.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 96
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 114
* Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pā [3]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 378-9