# luka
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lǫka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈluka]

### Noun

luka n pl
* Alternative form of louka (“meadow”)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “luka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “luka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “luka”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Hungarian
### Etymology

luk (“hole”) +‎ -a (possessive suffix)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlukɒ]
* Hyphenation: lu‧ka

### Noun

luka
* Alternative form of lyuka, third-person singular single-possession possessive of luk

#### Declension
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay luka, from Proto-Malayic *luka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luka, Proto-Austronesian *Nuka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlu.ka/
* Rhymes: -uka
* Hyphenation: lu‧ka

### Noun

luka
* wound:
** An injury, such as a cut, stab, or tear, to a (usually external) part of the body.
** (figurative) A hurt to a person's feelings, reputation, prospects, etc.

### Adjective

luka
* wounded:
** Suffering from a wound, especially one acquired in battle from a weapon, such as a gun or a knife.
** (figurative) Suffering from an emotional injury.

#### Hyponyms

* luka bakar
* luka bakar minor
* luka baring
* luka berat
* luka hati
* luka memar
* luka parah
* luka ringan
* luka serius

#### Derived terms

* berluka
* lukai
* pelukaan
* perlukaan
* terluka
* terlukai

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*Nuka”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Luba-Kasai
### Verb

luka
* to weave

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* luken

### Noun

luka m or f
* definite feminine singular of luke

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

luka f
* definite singular of luke

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *lūkaną.

### Verb

lūka
* to close, shut

#### Inflection
## Old Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse lúka, from Proto-Germanic *lūkaną.

### Verb

lūka
* to close, shut

#### Conjugation
## Oromo
### Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic. Cognates include Burji lukka, Hadiyya lokko and Sidamo lekka.

### Noun

luka
* leg

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Lücke. Aleksander Brückner believed that the term had come from Luke (“hatch”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlu.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uka
* Syllabification: lu‧ka

### Noun

luka f
* gap, blank
    wypełniać lukę ― to fill in the blank
* hatch
    Synonyms: luk m, właz m
* loophole, an exploitable "hole" in a system

#### Related terms

* loch
* luk

### References

* ↑ Słownik Języka Polskiego PWN, t. II. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2002, s. 55. →ISBN
* ↑ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “loch”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 301

### Further reading

* luka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* luka in Polish dictionaries at PWN

### Anagrams

* kula

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lǫka.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lǔːka/
* Hyphenation: lu‧ka

#### Noun

lúka f (Cyrillic spelling лу́ка)
* harbor; harbour
* seaport
* port

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

luka (Cyrillic spelling лука)
* genitive singular of luk

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lùːka/

### Noun

lúka f
* harbor; harbour
* seaport
* port

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* “luka”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

## Zulu
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dʊ̀ka.

### Verb

-luka
* (transitive) to plait
* (transitive) to weave

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuluka |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuluka | ukungaluki |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | luka | -luke |
| Plural | lukani | -lukeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaluka, ngiluka | engilukayo, engiluka | ngiluka | angiluki | engingaluki | ngingaluki |
| 2nd singular | uyaluka, uluka | olukayo, oluka | uluka | awuluki | ongaluki | ungaluki |
| 1st plural | siyaluka, siluka | esilukayo, esiluka | siluka | asiluki | esingaluki | singaluki |
| 2nd plural | niyaluka, niluka | enilukayo, eniluka | niluka | aniluki | eningaluki | ningaluki |
| Class 1 | uyaluka, uluka | olukayo, oluka | eluka | akaluki | ongaluki | engaluki |
| Class 2 | bayaluka, baluka | abalukayo, abaluka | beluka | abaluki | abangaluki | bengaluki |
| Class 3 | uyaluka, uluka | olukayo, oluka | uluka | awuluki | ongaluki | ungaluki |
| Class 4 | iyaluka, iluka | elukayo, eluka | iluka | ayiluki | engaluki | ingaluki |
| Class 5 | liyaluka, liluka | elilukayo, eliluka | liluka | aliluki | elingaluki | lingaluki |
| Class 6 | ayaluka, aluka | alukayo, aluka | eluka | awaluki | angaluki | engaluki |
| Class 7 | siyaluka, siluka | esilukayo, esiluka | siluka | asiluki | esingaluki | singaluki |
| Class 8 | ziyaluka, ziluka | ezilukayo, eziluka | ziluka | aziluki | ezingaluki | zingaluki |
| Class 9 | iyaluka, iluka | elukayo, eluka | iluka | ayiluki | engaluki | ingaluki |
| Class 10 | ziyaluka, ziluka | ezilukayo, eziluka | ziluka | aziluki | ezingaluki | zingaluki |
| Class 11 | luyaluka, luluka | olulukayo, oluluka | luluka | aluluki | olungaluki | lungaluki |
| Class 14 | buyaluka, buluka | obulukayo, obuluka | buluka | abuluki | obungaluki | bungaluki |
| Class 15 | kuyaluka, kuluka | okulukayo, okuluka | kuluka | akuluki | okungaluki | kungaluki |
| Class 17 | kuyaluka, kuluka | okulukayo, okuluka | kuluka | akuluki | okungaluki | kungaluki |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngilukile, ngilukē | engilukile, engilukē | ngilukile, ngilukē | angilukanga | engingalukanga | ngingalukanga |
| 2nd singular | ulukile, ulukē | olukile, olukē | ulukile, ulukē | awulukanga | ongalukanga | ungalukanga |
| 1st plural | silukile, silukē | esilukile, esilukē | silukile, silukē | asilukanga | esingalukanga | singalukanga |
| 2nd plural | nilukile, nilukē | enilukile, enilukē | nilukile, nilukē | anilukanga | eningalukanga | ningalukanga |
| Class 1 | ulukile, ulukē | olukile, olukē | elukile, elukē | akalukanga | ongalukanga | engalukanga |
| Class 2 | balukile, balukē | abalukile, abalukē | belukile, belukē | abalukanga | abangalukanga | bengalukanga |
| Class 3 | ulukile, ulukē | olukile, olukē | ulukile, ulukē | awulukanga | ongalukanga | ungalukanga |
| Class 4 | ilukile, ilukē | elukile, elukē | ilukile, ilukē | ayilukanga | engalukanga | ingalukanga |
| Class 5 | lilukile, lilukē | elilukile, elilukē | lilukile, lilukē | alilukanga | elingalukanga | lingalukanga |
| Class 6 | alukile, alukē | alukile, alukē | elukile, elukē | awalukanga | angalukanga | engalukanga |
| Class 7 | silukile, silukē | esilukile, esilukē | silukile, silukē | asilukanga | esingalukanga | singalukanga |
| Class 8 | zilukile, zilukē | ezilukile, ezilukē | zilukile, zilukē | azilukanga | ezingalukanga | zingalukanga |
| Class 9 | ilukile, ilukē | elukile, elukē | ilukile, ilukē | ayilukanga | engalukanga | ingalukanga |
| Class 10 | zilukile, zilukē | ezilukile, ezilukē | zilukile, zilukē | azilukanga | ezingalukanga | zingalukanga |
| Class 11 | lulukile, lulukē | olulukile, olulukē | lulukile, lulukē | alulukanga | olungalukanga | lungalukanga |
| Class 14 | bulukile, bulukē | obulukile, obulukē | bulukile, bulukē | abulukanga | obungalukanga | bungalukanga |
| Class 15 | kulukile, kulukē | okulukile, okulukē | kulukile, kulukē | akulukanga | okungalukanga | kungalukanga |
| Class 17 | kulukile, kulukē | okulukile, okulukē | kulukile, kulukē | akulukanga | okungalukanga | kungalukanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāluka | engāluka | ngāluka | angilukanga | engingalukanga | ngingalukanga |
| 2nd singular | wāluka | owāluka | wāluka | awulukanga | ongalukanga | ungalukanga |
| 1st plural | sāluka | esāluka | sāluka | asilukanga | esingalukanga | singalukanga |
| 2nd plural | nāluka | enāluka | nāluka | anilukanga | eningalukanga | ningalukanga |
| Class 1 | wāluka | owāluka | āluka | akalukanga | ongalukanga | engalukanga |
| Class 2 | bāluka | abāluka | bāluka | abalukanga | abangalukanga | bengalukanga |
| Class 3 | wāluka | owāluka | wāluka | awulukanga | ongalukanga | ungalukanga |
| Class 4 | yāluka | eyāluka | yāluka | ayilukanga | engalukanga | ingalukanga |
| Class 5 | lāluka | elāluka | lāluka | alilukanga | elingalukanga | lingalukanga |
| Class 6 | āluka | āluka | āluka | awalukanga | angalukanga | engalukanga |
| Class 7 | sāluka | esāluka | sāluka | asilukanga | esingalukanga | singalukanga |
| Class 8 | zāluka | ezāluka | zāluka | azilukanga | ezingalukanga | zingalukanga |
| Class 9 | yāluka | eyāluka | yāluka | ayilukanga | engalukanga | ingalukanga |
| Class 10 | zāluka | ezāluka | zāluka | azilukanga | ezingalukanga | zingalukanga |
| Class 11 | lwāluka | olwāluka | lwāluka | alulukanga | olungalukanga | lungalukanga |
| Class 14 | bāluka | obāluka | bāluka | abulukanga | obungalukanga | bungalukanga |
| Class 15 | kwāluka | okwāluka | kwāluka | akulukanga | okungalukanga | kungalukanga |
| Class 17 | kwāluka | okwāluka | kwāluka | akulukanga | okungalukanga | kungalukanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaluka | — | ngingaluka | ngingeluke | — | ngingeluke |
| 2nd singular | ungaluka | — | ungaluka | ungeluke | — | ungeluke |
| 1st plural | singaluka | — | singaluka | singeluke | — | singeluke |
| 2nd plural | ningaluka | — | ningaluka | ningeluke | — | ningeluke |
| Class 1 | angaluka | — | engaluka | angeluke | — | engeluke |
| Class 2 | bangaluka | — | bengaluka | bangeluke | — | bengeluke |
| Class 3 | ungaluka | — | ungaluka | ungeluke | — | ungeluke |
| Class 4 | ingaluka | — | ingaluka | ingeluke | — | ingeluke |
| Class 5 | lingaluka | — | lingaluka | lingeluke | — | lingeluke |
| Class 6 | angaluka | — | engaluka | angeluke | — | engeluke |
| Class 7 | singaluka | — | singaluka | singeluke | — | singeluke |
| Class 8 | zingaluka | — | zingaluka | zingeluke | — | zingeluke |
| Class 9 | ingaluka | — | ingaluka | ingeluke | — | ingeluke |
| Class 10 | zingaluka | — | zingaluka | zingeluke | — | zingeluke |
| Class 11 | lungaluka | — | lungaluka | lungeluke | — | lungeluke |
| Class 14 | bungaluka | — | bungaluka | bungeluke | — | bungeluke |
| Class 15 | kungaluka | — | kungaluka | kungeluke | — | kungeluke |
| Class 17 | kungaluka | — | kungaluka | kungeluke | — | kungeluke |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoluka | engizoluka | ngizoluka | angizuluka | engingezuluka | ngingezuluka |
| 2nd singular | uzoluka | ozoluka | uzoluka | awuzuluka | ongezuluka | ungezuluka |
| 1st plural | sizoluka | esizoluka | sizoluka | asizuluka | esingezuluka | singezuluka |
| 2nd plural | nizoluka | enizoluka | nizoluka | anizuluka | eningezuluka | ningezuluka |
| Class 1 | uzoluka | ozoluka | ezoluka | akazuluka | ongezuluka | engezuluka |
| Class 2 | bazoluka | abazoluka | bezoluka | abazuluka | abangezuluka | bengezuluka |
| Class 3 | uzoluka | ozoluka | uzoluka | awuzuluka | ongezuluka | ungezuluka |
| Class 4 | izoluka | ezoluka | izoluka | ayizuluka | engezuluka | ingezuluka |
| Class 5 | lizoluka | elizoluka | lizoluka | alizuluka | elingezuluka | lingezuluka |
| Class 6 | azoluka | azoluka | ezoluka | awazuluka | angezuluka | engezuluka |
| Class 7 | sizoluka | esizoluka | sizoluka | asizuluka | esingezuluka | singezuluka |
| Class 8 | zizoluka | ezizoluka | zizoluka | azizuluka | ezingezuluka | zingezuluka |
| Class 9 | izoluka | ezoluka | izoluka | ayizuluka | engezuluka | ingezuluka |
| Class 10 | zizoluka | ezizoluka | zizoluka | azizuluka | ezingezuluka | zingezuluka |
| Class 11 | luzoluka | oluzoluka | luzoluka | aluzuluka | olungezuluka | lungezuluka |
| Class 14 | buzoluka | obuzoluka | buzoluka | abuzuluka | obungezuluka | bungezuluka |
| Class 15 | kuzoluka | okuzoluka | kuzoluka | akuzuluka | okungezuluka | kungezuluka |
| Class 17 | kuzoluka | okuzoluka | kuzoluka | akuzuluka | okungezuluka | kungezuluka |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoluka | engiyoluka | ngiyoluka | angiyuluka | engingeyuluka | ngingeyuluka |
| 2nd singular | uyoluka | oyoluka | uyoluka | awuyuluka | ongeyuluka | ungeyuluka |
| 1st plural | siyoluka | esiyoluka | siyoluka | asiyuluka | esingeyuluka | singeyuluka |
| 2nd plural | niyoluka | eniyoluka | niyoluka | aniyuluka | eningeyuluka | ningeyuluka |
| Class 1 | uyoluka | oyoluka | eyoluka | akayuluka | ongeyuluka | engeyuluka |
| Class 2 | bayoluka | abayoluka | beyoluka | abayuluka | abangeyuluka | bengeyuluka |
| Class 3 | uyoluka | oyoluka | uyoluka | awuyuluka | ongeyuluka | ungeyuluka |
| Class 4 | iyoluka | eyoluka | iyoluka | ayiyuluka | engeyuluka | ingeyuluka |
| Class 5 | liyoluka | eliyoluka | liyoluka | aliyuluka | elingeyuluka | lingeyuluka |
| Class 6 | ayoluka | ayoluka | eyoluka | awayuluka | angeyuluka | engeyuluka |
| Class 7 | siyoluka | esiyoluka | siyoluka | asiyuluka | esingeyuluka | singeyuluka |
| Class 8 | ziyoluka | eziyoluka | ziyoluka | aziyuluka | ezingeyuluka | zingeyuluka |
| Class 9 | iyoluka | eyoluka | iyoluka | ayiyuluka | engeyuluka | ingeyuluka |
| Class 10 | ziyoluka | eziyoluka | ziyoluka | aziyuluka | ezingeyuluka | zingeyuluka |
| Class 11 | luyoluka | oluyoluka | luyoluka | aluyuluka | olungeyuluka | lungeyuluka |
| Class 14 | buyoluka | obuyoluka | buyoluka | abuyuluka | obungeyuluka | bungeyuluka |
| Class 15 | kuyoluka | okuyoluka | kuyoluka | akuyuluka | okungeyuluka | kungeyuluka |
| Class 17 | kuyoluka | okuyoluka | kuyoluka | akuyuluka | okungeyuluka | kungeyuluka |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiluke | ngingaluki |
| 2nd singular | uluke | ungaluki |
| 1st plural | siluke | singaluki |
| 2nd plural | niluke | ningaluki |
| Class 1 | aluke | angaluki |
| Class 2 | baluke | bangaluki |
| Class 3 | uluke | ungaluki |
| Class 4 | iluke | ingaluki |
| Class 5 | liluke | lingaluki |
| Class 6 | aluke | angaluki |
| Class 7 | siluke | singaluki |
| Class 8 | ziluke | zingaluki |
| Class 9 | iluke | ingaluki |
| Class 10 | ziluke | zingaluki |
| Class 11 | luluke | lungaluki |
| Class 14 | buluke | bungaluki |
| Class 15 | kuluke | kungaluki |
| Class 17 | kuluke | kungaluki |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaluka | ngangaluka, angaluka, angangaluka |
| 2nd singular | waluka | wangaluka, awaluka, awangaluka |
| 1st plural | saluka | sangaluka, asaluka, asangaluka |
| 2nd plural | naluka | nangaluka, analuka, anangaluka |
| Class 1 | waluka | wangaluka, akaluka, akangaluka |
| Class 2 | baluka | bangaluka, abaluka, abangaluka |
| Class 3 | waluka | wangaluka, awaluka, awangaluka |
| Class 4 | yaluka | yangaluka, ayaluka, ayangaluka |
| Class 5 | laluka | langaluka, alaluka, alangaluka |
| Class 6 | aluka | angaluka, awaluka, awangaluka |
| Class 7 | saluka | sangaluka, asaluka, asangaluka |
| Class 8 | zaluka | zangaluka, azaluka, azangaluka |
| Class 9 | yaluka | yangaluka, ayaluka, ayangaluka |
| Class 10 | zaluka | zangaluka, azaluka, azangaluka |
| Class 11 | lwaluka | lwangaluka, alwaluka, alwangaluka |
| Class 14 | baluka | bangaluka, abaluka, abangaluka |
| Class 15 | kwaluka | kwangaluka, akwaluka, akwangaluka |
| Class 17 | kwaluka | kwangaluka, akwaluka, akwangaluka |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “luka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “luka (6.3)”