OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ملا
## Arabic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مُلَّا (mullā), from Arabic مَوْلًى (mawlan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mul.laː/

### Noun

مُلَّا • (mullā) m (plural مَلالِي (malālī))
* (Islam) mullah, mollah, mulla, moolah

#### Declension
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَوْلًى (mawlan). Doublet of مولا (mowlâ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [mul.lɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mʊl.lɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mʊl.lɑː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mʊl.lɑː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mul.lɔː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mol.lɒː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mul.lɔ]

### Noun

| Dari | ملا |
| Iranian Persian | ملا |
| Tajik | мулло |
ملا • (mollâ) (plural ملایان (mollâyân) or ملاها (mollâ-hâ))
* (Islam) mullah, mollah, mulla, moolah
    Synonym: آخوند (âxund)

#### Descendants

* Dari: ملا (mullā)
* Iranian Persian: ملا (mollâ)
* Tajik: мулло (mullo)
* → Arabic: مُلَّا (mullā)
* → Azerbaijani: molla
* → Bengali: মোল্লা (mōlla)
* → English: mullah
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: मुल्ला (mullā)
    Urdu: مُلّا (mullā)
* → Indonesian: mullah
* → Japanese: ムッラー (murra)
* → Kazakh: молда (molda)
* → Korean: 물라 (mulla)
* → Kumyk: молла (molla)
* → Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: مەلا (mela)
    Northern Kurdish: mela
* → Kyrgyz: молдо (moldo)
* → Punjabi: ਮੁੱਲਾ (mullā)
* → Punjabi: ਸੁੱਲ (sulla), ਸੁੱਲੀ (sullī)
** → English: sulli
* → Serbo-Croatian: mula / мула
* → Spanish: mulá
* → Turkish: molla
* → Ukrainian: мулла́ (mullá)

### See also

* روحانی (rowhâni)
* موبد (mubad)
* مُغ (moğ)

### Further reading

* ملا on the Persian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{fa}$
# tvarůžky
## Czech
### Etymology

Plural form of tvarůžek, which is a (diminutive) of tvaroh (“quark”), an intermediate product of their manufacture.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtvaruːʃkɪ]
* Rhymes: -uːʃkɪ
* Hyphenation: tva‧růž‧ky

### Noun

tvarůžky m inan pl
* (usually plural only) Olomouc cheese, a kind of ripened soft cheese with a strong scent, distinctive pungent taste and yellowish colour, nowadays made in the town of Loštice in the Czech Republic
    Synonyms: (obsolete) homolky; olomoucké syrečky; olomoucké tvarůžky; syrečky; (informal) tvargle
** 2013, Stanislava Jarolímková, Co ještě nevíte o životě našich předků, Praha: Motto, →ISBN, page 98:Tvarůžky se vyráběly podomácku po celé Hané již v první polovině 16. století a formani je vozili do Olomouce, odkud byly vypravovány nejen po celém království, ale i do Rakouska a Terstu, kde začínala jejich pouť do zámoří.Olomouc cheese used to be homemade all around the Haná region already in the first half of the 16 century and carters transported it to Olomouc, from which it was dispatched not only all around the kingdom, but also to Austria and Terst where its oversea pilgrimage started.

#### Usage notes

In Moravia the term tvarůžky prevails, while in Bohemia they are usually called syrečky.
When referring to the kind of cheese generally (Olomouc cheese), the term is usually used only in the plural form tvarůžky. The singular form tvarůžek is usually used in the sense of "a piece of Olomouc cheese".

#### Derived terms

* olomoucké tvarůžky

#### Related terms

* tvaroh
* tvarohový
* tvarůžek
* tvarůžkárna
* tvarůžkový

#### Further reading

* tvarůžky on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

### Noun

tvarůžky
* nominative/accusative/vocative/instrumental plural of tvarůžek
# dokouřit
## Czech
### Etymology

From do- +‎ kouřit.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdokou̯r̝ɪt]

### Verb

dokouřit pf
* to finish smoking (a cigarette)

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | dokouřit, dokouřiti | Active adjective | dokouřivší |
| Verbal noun | dokouření | Passive adjective | dokouřený |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | dokouřím | dokouříme | — | dokuřme |
| 2nd person | dokouříš | dokouříte | dokuř | dokuřte |
| 3rd person | dokouří | dokouří | — | — |
* The verb dokouřit does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | dokouřil | dokouřili | dokouřen | dokouřeni |
| masculine inanimate | dokouřil | dokouřily | dokouřen | dokouřeny |
| feminine | dokouřila | dokouřily | dokouřena | dokouřeny |
| neuter | dokouřilo | dokouřila | dokouřeno | dokouřena |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | — | dokouřiv |
| feminine + neuter singular | — | dokouřivši |
| plural | — | dokouřivše |

#### Related terms

* kouřit

### Further reading

* “dokouřiti”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “dokouřiti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “dokouřit”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# karuèng
## Makasar
### Etymology

From *karaweng < *kaʀawian, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaʀabian, from Proto-Austronesian *kaʀabian.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /karuˈeŋ/, [kʰa.ru.ˈʷẽŋ]
* Hyphenation: ka‧ru‧eng

### Noun

karuèng (Lontara spelling ᨀᨑᨘᨓᨙ)
* afternoon

#### Affixations

* karuʼ-karuèng

### Further reading

* A. A. Cense (2024) Makassaars-Nederlands woordenboek‎, Brill, →DOI
# cyklistika
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sɪklɪstɪka]

### Noun

cyklistika f
* cycling

#### Related terms

* See cyklus
* cyklista
* cyklistický

### Further reading

* “cyklistika”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “cyklistika”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# flytja
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse flytja, from Proto-Germanic *flutjaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈflɪːtja/
* Rhymes: -ɪːtja

### Verb

flytja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative flutti, supine flutt)
* to move, to relocate (something or someone) [with accusative]
* (intransitive) to move (between homes)
* to perform (e.g. a song or play) [with accusative]

#### Conjugation
## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse flytja, from Proto-Germanic *flutjaną.

### Verb

flytja (present tense flyt, past tense flutte, past participle and supine flutt, present participle flytjande, imperative flyt)
* (pre-1938) alternative form of flytta

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *flutjaną.

### Verb

flytja (singular past indicative flutti, plural past indicative fluttu, past participle fluttr)
* (transitive) to move
* (intransitive) to move (between homes)

#### Related terms

* fljóta

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: flytja
* Faroese: flyta, flytja
* Norwegian Nynorsk: flytta, flytte; flytja
* Norwegian Bokmål: flytte
* Swedish: flytta
* Danish: flytte
* → Middle English: flytten, flitten
** English: flit
** Scots: flit

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “flytja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
# blew cae
## Welsh
### Noun

blew cae m (collective, singulative blewyn cae)
* blades of grass

#### Synonyms

* blew glas
* glaswelltyn
* gweiryn
* gwelltyn

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “blew cae”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# vibrador
## Catalan
### Etymology

From vibrar +‎ -dor.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [bi.βɾəˈðo]
* IPA: (Balearic) [vi.bɾəˈðo]
* IPA: (Valencia) [vi.bɾaˈðoɾ]
* Rhymes: -oɾ

### Noun

vibrador m (plural vibradors)
* vibrator

#### Related terms

* vibració

### Further reading

* “vibrador” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Galician
### Noun

vibrador m (plural vibradores)
* any device that causes vibrations
* (sex) vibrator

#### Related terms

* vibración
* vibráfono
* vibrante
* vibrar
* vibratorio

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /vi.bɾaˈdoʁ/ [vi.bɾaˈdoh]
* (Brazil) IPA: /vi.bɾaˈdoʁ/ [vi.bɾaˈdoh]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /vi.bɾaˈdoɾ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /vi.bɾaˈdoʁ/ [vi.bɾaˈdoχ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /vi.bɾaˈdoɻ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /vi.bɾɐˈdoɾ/ [vi.βɾɐˈðoɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /vi.bɾɐˈdoɾ/ [vi.βɾɐˈðoɾ]
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /bi.bɾɐˈdoɾ/ [bi.βɾɐˈðoɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /vi.bɾɐˈdo.ɾi/ [vi.βɾɐˈðo.ɾi]
* Hyphenation: vi‧bra‧dor

### Noun

vibrador m (plural vibradores)
* vibrator (device that causes vibration)
* vibrator (device used for massage or sexual stimulation)
** 2024, “fetiche”, performed by Baco Exu do Blues:Eu controlo o vibrador da calcinha dela enquanto ela dirige Sua respiração pesada Seu corpo suado, 'tá nervosa? Goza enquanto a cidade te assisteI control the vibrator in her panties while she's driving Your heavy breathing Your sweaty body, you nervous? Cum while the city watches you

### Adjective

vibrador (feminine vibradora, masculine plural vibradores, feminine plural vibradoras)
* which vibrates or causes to vibrate

## Spanish
### Etymology

From vibrar +‎ -dor.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bibɾaˈdoɾ/ [bi.β̞ɾaˈð̞oɾ]
* Rhymes: -oɾ
* Syllabification: vi‧bra‧dor

### Noun

vibrador m (plural vibradores)
* (sex) vibrator

#### Related terms

* vibración

### Further reading

* “vibrador”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# bajeranctwo
## Polish
### Etymology

From bajerant +‎ -ctwo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.jɛˈran.t͡stfɔ/
* Rhymes: -ant͡stfɔ
* Syllabification: ba‧je‧ran‧ctwo

### Noun

bajeranctwo n
* (colloquial) blagging, smooth talk

#### Related terms

* bajerancki
* bajerny
* bajerancko
* dla bajeru
* bajer
* bajerant
* bajerantka
* bajerować
* zabajerować
* zbajerować

### Further reading

* bajeranctwo in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# szpan
## Polish
### Etymology

Deverbal from szpanować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʂpan/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: szpan

### Noun

szpan m inan
* (colloquial) skite (extravagant way of being or dressing coming from the desire to impress someone)

#### Related terms

* szpanerski
* szpanersko
* szpaner
* szpanerka
* szpanerstwo
* poszpanować
* szpanować
* zaszpanować

### Further reading

* szpan in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* szpan in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# SQL
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛs kjuː ɛl/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (Structured Query Language): IPA: /ˈsiːkwəl/
** Audio (US):(file)
** Homophone: sequel
** Rhymes: -iːkwəl
** The first form of SQL was called SEQUEL, pronounced like sequel. As a result, many speakers still pronounce SQL like sequel. (For these speakers, SQL is an acronym.)

### Noun

SQL (uncountable)
* (computer languages, databases) Initialism of Structured Query Language.
* (physics) Initialism of standard quantum limit.

#### Hypernyms

* QL

#### Hyponyms

* eSQL
* NewSQL
* NoSQL
* PL/SQL
* Transact-SQL
* T-SQL

#### Derived terms

* HSQLDB

#### Translations
### References

* SQL on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# muljeerautua
## Finnish
### Etymology

muljeerata +‎ -utua

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmuljeːrɑu̯tuɑˣ/, [ˈmulje̞ːˌrɑ̝u̯t̪uɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ɑutuɑ
* Hyphenation: mul‧jee‧rau‧tua

### Verb

muljeerautua (rare, dated)
* (linguistics, intransitive) To become palatalized.

#### Synonyms

* liudentua, palatalisoitua

#### Derived terms

* muljeerautuminen
# kitkuttaa
## Finnish
### Etymology

kitkata +‎ -uttaa

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkitkutːɑːˣ/, [ˈk̟it̪kut̪ːɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -itkutːɑː
* Hyphenation: kit‧kut‧taa

### Verb

kitkuttaa
* (intransitive) to cope (with harsh or harsher than usual conditions in some regard)

#### Derived terms

* kitkutella
* kitkuttaminen
* kitkutus

### Further reading

* “kitkuttaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
# fremja
## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse fremja, from Proto-Germanic *framjaną.

### Verb

fremja (third person singular past indicative framdi, third person plural past indicative framt, supine framt)
* to do

#### Synonyms

* gera

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse fremja, from Proto-Germanic *framjaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfrɛmja/
* Rhymes: -ɛmja

### Verb

fremja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative framdi, supine framið)
* to do, to commit (usually something bad, such as a crime)
    Synonym: drýgja

#### Conjugation
## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* fremje
* fremma, fremme

### Etymology

From Old Norse fremja, from Proto-Germanic *framjaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfrɛmja/

### Verb

fremja (present tense fremjar, past tense fremja, past participle fremja, passive infinitive fremjast, present participle fremjande, imperative fremja/fremj)
* promote
* present
* execute, carry out

### References

* “fremja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *framjaną.

### Verb

fremja
* to promote
* to accomplish

#### Synonyms

* beina
* inna
* vinna

#### Derived terms

* frǫmuðr (“promoter, inciter”)

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: fremja
* Faroese: fremja
* Norwegian Nynorsk: fremja
* Old Swedish: fræmia, fræmmia
** Swedish: främja
* Old Danish: fræmdær (past participle)
** Middle Danish: fræmmæ, fræmiæ
*** Danish: fremme
**** Norwegian Bokmål: fremme
***** → Norwegian Nynorsk: fremma

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “fremja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
# furtivismo
## Spanish
### Etymology

From furtivo +‎ -ismo.

### Noun

furtivismo m (plural furtivismos)
* poaching

#### Related terms

* furtivista

### Further reading

* “furtivismo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# streścić
## Polish
### Etymology

From s- +‎ treść +‎ -ić.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstrɛɕ.t͡ɕit͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛɕt͡ɕit͡ɕ
* Syllabification: streś‧cić

### Verb

streścić pf (imperfective streszczać)
* (transitive) to summarize, to epitomize, to encapsulate (to concisely formulate the content of something)
* (transitive) to summarize, to epitomize, to encapsulate (to include something in a condensed form)
* (reflexive with się) to contain oneself in a short, concise form
* (reflexive with się) to make a brief, concise statement

#### Derived terms

* streszczenie

### Further reading

* streścić in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* streścić in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# attitudinarian
## English
### Etymology

From attitude +‎ -in- +‎ -arian.

### Noun

attitudinarian (plural attitudinarians)
* One who attitudinizes; one who postures or behaves in a stilted and pretentious manner.
    Synonym: attitudinizer

#### Derived terms

* attitudinarianism
# llançador
## Catalan
### Etymology

From llançar +‎ -dor.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ʎən.səˈðo]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ʎan.saˈðoɾ]

### Noun

llançador m (plural llançadors, feminine llançadora)
* (sports) thrower, hurler
    llançador de disc ― discus thrower
* (baseball) pitcher
* (cricket) bowler

#### Derived terms

* llançador de relleu
* llançador obridor

### Further reading

* “llançador” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “llançador”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “llançador” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “llançador” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
# embellisher
## English
### Etymology

From embellish +‎ -er.

### Noun

embellisher (plural embellishers)
* A person who embellishes.
* A machine or device used to embellish.
* (comics) Synonym of inker

#### Derived terms

* rimbellisher
# niepokojąco
## Polish
### Etymology

From niepokojący +‎ -o.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɲɛ.pɔ.kɔˈjɔn.t͡sɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔnt͡sɔ
* Syllabification: nie‧po‧ko‧ją‧co

### Adverb

niepokojąco (comparative bardziej niepokojąco, superlative najbardziej niepokojąco)
* worryingly, alarmingly, disturbingly, anxiously, distressingly, uncannily, uneasily, unsettlingly, disquietingly, worrisomely

#### Related terms

* niepokojący
* zaniepokojony
* niepokój
* zaniepokojenie
* niepokoić
* zaniepokoić

### Further reading

* niepokojąco in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# frouva
## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* frova

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *frōwōn, Proto-Germanic *frōwō- . Cognate with Old Saxon frūa, Old English frowe, Old High German frouwa.

### Noun

frouva f
* lady

### Further reading

* Gerhard Köbler (2014) “Altnordisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse dictionary]”, in https://koeblergerhard.de (in German), 4th edition
# nezemědělec
## Czech
### Etymology

From ne- +‎ země- +‎ dělat +‎ -ec.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnɛzɛmɲɛɟɛlɛt͡s]
* Rhymes: -ɛlɛts
* Hyphenation: ne‧ze‧mě‧dě‧lec

### Noun

nezemědělec m anim (relational adjective nezemědělský)
* nonfarmer

#### Related terms

* dělat impf
* kovozemědělec m anim
* malozemědělec m anim
* země f
* zemědělec m anim
* zemědělství n

### Further reading

* “nezemědělec”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “nezemědělec”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# zazdrość
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈza.zdrɔɕt͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -azdrɔɕt͡ɕ
* Syllabification: za‧zdrość

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish zazrość, zazroć, from zaźrzeć (modern zajrzeć). For the epenthetic /d/, compare zdrój or zdrada.

#### Noun

zazdrość f (diminutive zazdrostka)
* envy (resentful desire of something possessed by another) [with o (+ accusative) ‘what one is envious of’]
    Synonym: zawiść
* jealousy (jealous attitude (e.g. fear of infidelity)) [with o (+ accusative) ‘who one is jealous of’]

##### Derived terms

* zazdrosny
* pozazdrościć pf
* zazdrościć impf

##### Related terms

* zazdrośnie
* zazdrośnica
* zazdrośnik
* zielenieć z zazdrości impf
* zzielenieć z zazdrości pf

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

zazdrość
* second-person singular imperative of zazdrościć

### Further reading

* zazdrość in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zazdrość in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# immanentny
## Polish
### Etymology

Adapted borrowing of Late Latin immanens +‎ -ny, from Latin immanentis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /im.maˈnɛnt.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛntnɘ
* Syllabification: im‧ma‧nent‧ny

### Adjective

immanentny (not comparable, derived adverb immanentnie)
* (literary) immanent (naturally part of something; inherent)
    Synonyms: przynależny, inherentny, integralny, nieusuwalny, niezbywalny

#### Derived terms

* immanentność

#### Related terms

* immanencja
* immanentyzm

### Further reading

* immanentny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* immanentny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# रुच्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ৰুচ্ (Assamese script)
* ᬭᬸᬘ᭄ (Balinese script)
* রুচ্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰨𑰲𑰓𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀭𑀼𑀘𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ရုစ် (Burmese script)
* રુચ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਰੁਚ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌰𑍁𑌚𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦫꦸꦕ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂩𑂳𑂒𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ರುಚ್ (Kannada script)
* រុច៑ (Khmer script)
* ຣຸຈ຺ (Lao script)
* രുച് (Malayalam script)
* ᡵᡠᢜ (Manchu script)
* 𑘨𑘳𑘓𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠷᠤᢋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧈𑧔𑦳𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐬𑐸𑐔𑑂 (Newa script)
* ରୁଚ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢬꢸꢗ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆫𑆶𑆖𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖨𑖲𑖓𑖿 (Siddham script)
* රුච් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩼𑩒𑩡 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚤𑚰𑚏𑚶 (Takri script)
* ருச் (Tamil script)
* రుచ్ (Telugu script)
* รุจฺ (Thai script)
* རུ་ཙ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒩𑒳𑒔𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨫𑨃𑨣𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɾút͡ɕ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɾut͡ɕ/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *rúkṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rúkš, from Proto-Indo-European *léwks, from *lewk- (“light; to be bright”). Cognate with Latin lūx, Russian луч (luč, “light”), Persian روشن (rowšan), Old English lēoht (whence English light).

#### Noun

रुच् • (rúc) stem, f
* light, lustre, brightness
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
* splendor, beauty, loveliness
** c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
* pleasure, delight, liking, wish, desire
** c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
* color, hue
** 550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā
** c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa
* appearance, resemblance
** c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa

##### Related terms

* रोचते (rócate)
* रोच (rocá)
* रोचस् (rócas)
* रुच (rucá)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *lewk-.

#### Alternative forms

* रोच् (roc)

#### Root

रुच् • (ruc)
* to shine, be bright or radiant or resplendent
* to be splendid or beautiful or good
* to be agreeable to, please
* to be pleased with, like
* to enlighten, illuminate, make bright

##### Derived terms

* रुक्म (rukma)
* रुचि (ruci)
* रुच् (ruc)
* रोचते (rocate)
* रोचन (rocana)
* रोचस् (rocas)
* रौक्म (raukma)
* विरोचन (virocana)
* वैरोचन (vairocana)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “रुच्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0881/3.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 141
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 452; 463-4
# comprometer
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin comprōmittere, likely a borrowing reshaped by analogy with meter. The sense of putting something at risk comes from French compromettre.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kõ.pɾo.meˈte(ʁ)/ [kõ.pɾo.meˈte(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /kõ.pɾo.meˈte(ʁ)/ [kõ.pɾo.meˈte(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /kõ.pɾo.meˈte(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /kõ.pɾo.meˈte(ʁ)/ [kõ.pɾo.meˈte(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /kõ.pɾo.meˈte(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kõ.pɾu.mɨˈteɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kõ.pɾu.mɨˈteɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /kõ.pɾu.mɨˈte.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: com‧pro‧me‧ter

### Verb

comprometer (first-person singular present comprometo, first-person singular preterite comprometi, past participle comprometido)
* to commit, to engage
* to compromise, to jeopardize

#### Conjugation
### References

* ↑ “comprometer”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* ↑ “comprometer”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
* ↑ Ciberdúvidas: Comprometer, um antigo galicismo

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin comprōmittō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kompɾomeˈteɾ/ [kõm.pɾo.meˈt̪eɾ]
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Syllabification: com‧pro‧me‧ter

### Verb

comprometer (first-person singular present comprometo, first-person singular preterite comprometí, past participle comprometido)
* (transitive, reflexive) to promise, to engage to be married
* (transitive, reflexive) to compromise, to endanger

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* comprometedor
* comprometimiento

### Further reading

* “comprometer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10