# 杵

| 杵 | U+6775, &#26485; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6775 |
| ← 杴 [U+6774] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 杶 → [U+6776] |

## Translingual
### Han character

杵 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木人十 (DOJ), four-corner 4894$_0$, composition ⿰木午)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 513, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14503
* Dae Jaweon: page 901, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1170, character 8
* Unihan data for U+6775

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 卸 | *sŋjaːs |
| 汻 | *hŋaːŋʔ |
| 滸 | *hŋaːʔ |
| 午 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 仵 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 旿 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 忤 | *ŋaːs |
| 迕 | *ŋaːs |
| 杵 | *ŋ̊ʰjaʔ |
| 籞 | *ŋaʔ |
| 蘌 | *ŋaʔ |
| 篽 | *ŋaʔ |
| 禦 | *ŋaʔ, *ŋas |
| 許 | *hŋaʔ |
| 御 | *ŋas |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰjaʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 午 (OC *ŋaːʔ, “pestle”) – a wooden pestle.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chǔ (chu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cyu$^2$ / cyu$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhú
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cu$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): su$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chǔ
*** Wade–Giles: chʻu$^3$
*** Yale: chǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuu
*** Palladius: чу (ču)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cyu$^2$ / cyu$^5$
*** Yale: chyú / chyúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsy$^2$ / tsy$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qu$^2$ / qu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyː³⁵/, /t͡sʰyː¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhú
*** Hakka Romanization System: cu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thú
*** Tâi-lô: thú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tuo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰu⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰu⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰu⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰu⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰu⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: su$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sú
*** Sinological IPA : /su⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: tsyhoX
Rime :
| Character | 杵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 昌與切 |
| Baxter | tsyhoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cyu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.qʰaʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰjaʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 杵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyho$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*t.qʰaʔ/ |
| English | pestle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 杵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13174 |
| Phonetic component | 午 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 杵 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋ̊ʰjaʔ/ |

### Definitions

杵
* pestle
* baton used to beat clothes in washing
* to poke
* (Northeastern Mandarin) to stand (straight like a post)

#### Compounds

* 搗衣杵 / 捣衣杵
* 杵臼 (chǔjiù)
* 杵臼交
* 杵臼關節 / 杵臼关节
* 流血漂杵
* 砧杵
* 磨杵成針 / 磨杵成针
* 血流漂杵 (xuèliúpiāochǔ)
* 鐵杵磨針 / 铁杵磨针
* 黑杵

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thír
    (Teochew, Peng'im): te$^2$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thír
*** Tâi-lô: thír
*** IPA (Singapore): /tʰɯ⁴²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: te$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɯ⁵²/

#### Definitions

杵
* (Singapore Hokkien and Teochew) Alternative form of 悇

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 傻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 傻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 傻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 傻, 戇 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 傻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 瓜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 哈, 瓜, 寶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 苕, 哈, 嘎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 哈 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 呆, 木足, 瓜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 呆, 傻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 戇, 傻, 戇居 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 傻, 戇, 戇居 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 傻, 吽, 戇 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 戇, 傻, 吽 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 傻, 戇 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 傻, 戇 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 傻, 戇 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蟬 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 傻, 戇 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 戇, 傻 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 傻 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 戇鳩 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 呆愕 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 戇鬼 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 傻 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 慢, 嚒 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 戇鳩 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 傻 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 戇鳩 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 戇鳩 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 戇 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 戇 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 傻, 二不楞 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 賴, 戇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 戇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 戇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 戇 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 戇 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 阿褒 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 戇 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 戇, 庸 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 戇, 庸 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 戇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 庸 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 戇, 潲面 vulgar |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 戇, 哚哥, 潲面 vulgar |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 呆 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 槌, 戇 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 戇, 悇, 呆, 歁戇, 戇戇, 戇呆, 呆呆, 悇悇 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 戇, 戇戇, 洽, 洽潲 vulgar, 洽仔, 山猴, 三八, 三八潲 vulgar |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 㦙, 白仁, 戇 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 㦙, 白仁, 戇 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 㦙, 戇, 悇 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 戇, 傻 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 戇 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 戇 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 戇, 壽, 糞 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 戇, 壽, 踱 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 戇, 壽, 踱 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 戇, 壽 |
| Wu | Tongxiang | 踱 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 呆, 戇 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 呆, 憨 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 寶, 醒 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 哈 |

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょ (sho)
* Kan-on: しょ (sho)
* Kun: きね (kine, 杵)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 杵
* きね Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 杵 – see the following entry. :
| 【きね】 | [noun] pestle |
(This term, 杵, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

杵 (eum 저 (jeo))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

杵: Hán Nôm readings: ngỏ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.