# aste
## Basque
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /as̺te/ [as̺.t̪e]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -as̺te
* Hyphenation: as‧te

### Noun

aste inan
* week

#### Derived terms

* astearte (“Tuesday”)
* asteazken (“Wednesday”)
* asteburu (“weekend”)
* astero (“every week”)
* astelehen (“Monday”)

### Further reading

* “aste”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
* “aste”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Estonian
### Etymology 1

From astuma +‎ -e.

#### Noun

aste (genitive aste, partitive astet)
* a step

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From astuma +‎ -e.

#### Noun

aste (genitive astme, partitive astet)
* grade, step

##### Derived terms

* astmevaheldus

## Finnish
### Etymology

astua (“to step”) +‎ -e. Coined by Finnish physician and translator Wolmar Schildt in 1846, based on dialectal "step (in stairs)", cases of which was also used as adverbs with more figurative meanings like those currently used.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑsteˣ/, [ˈɑ̝s̠te̞(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ɑste
* Hyphenation: as‧te

### Noun

aste
* stage, step, state, phase (distinct part of a process)
    Synonyms: vaihe, jakso
* degree, extent, proportion
    Synonyms: määrä, laajuus
* degree (individual step, or stage, in any process or scale of values)
* (law) instance (occasion; order of occurrence)
* (geometry) degree (unit of measurement of angle)
* degree (unit of measurement of temperature)
* (geography) degree (unit of measurement of latitude and longitude)
* (linguistics) degree, grade (any of the three stages (positive, comparative, superlative) in the comparison of an adjective or an adverb)
* (linguistics) grade (form of a consonant under the system of consonant gradation)
* (music) scale degree
    Synonym: sävelaste
* (algebra) degree, order (maximal exponent of a polynomial)
* (graph theory) degree (the number of edges that a vertex takes part in)
* (graph theory) order (number of vertices in a graph)
* (algebra) grade (number of free intersection points)
* (medicine) grade (degree of malignity of a tumor)
* (linear algebra) rank (maximal number of linearly independent columns or rows of a matrix)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of aste (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
asteeni
asteeni
accusative
nom.
asteeni
asteeni
gen.
asteeni
genitive
asteeni
asteideni asteitteni
partitive
astettani
asteitani
inessive
asteessani
asteissani
elative
asteestani
asteistani
illative
asteeseeni
asteisiini asteihini
adessive
asteellani
asteillani
ablative
asteeltani
asteiltani
allative
asteelleni
asteilleni
essive
asteenani
asteinani
translative
asteekseni
asteikseni
abessive
asteettani
asteittani
instructive
comitative
—asteineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
asteesi
asteesi
accusative
nom.
asteesi
asteesi
gen.
asteesi
genitive
asteesi
asteidesi asteittesi
partitive
astettasi
asteitasi
inessive
asteessasi
asteissasi
elative
asteestasi
asteistasi
illative
asteeseesi
asteisiisi asteihisi
adessive
asteellasi
asteillasi
ablative
asteeltasi
asteiltasi
allative
asteellesi
asteillesi
essive
asteenasi
asteinasi
translative
asteeksesi
asteiksesi
abessive
asteettasi
asteittasi
instructive
comitative
—asteinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
asteemme
asteemme
accusative
nom.
asteemme
asteemme
gen.
asteemme
genitive
asteemme
asteidemme asteittemme
partitive
astettamme
asteitamme
inessive
asteessamme
asteissamme
elative
asteestamme
asteistamme
illative
asteeseemme
asteisiimme asteihimme
adessive
asteellamme
asteillamme
ablative
asteeltamme
asteiltamme
allative
asteellemme
asteillemme
essive
asteenamme
asteinamme
translative
asteeksemme
asteiksemme
abessive
asteettamme
asteittamme
instructive
comitative
—asteinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
asteenne
asteenne
accusative
nom.
asteenne
asteenne
gen.
asteenne
genitive
asteenne
asteidenne asteittenne
partitive
astettanne
asteitanne
inessive
asteessanne
asteissanne
elative
asteestanne
asteistanne
illative
asteeseenne
asteisiinne asteihinne
adessive
asteellanne
asteillanne
ablative
asteeltanne
asteiltanne
allative
asteellenne
asteillenne
essive
asteenanne
asteinanne
translative
asteeksenne
asteiksenne
abessive
asteettanne
asteittanne
instructive
comitative
—asteinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
asteensa
asteensa
accusative
nom.
asteensa
asteensa
gen.
asteensa
genitive
asteensa
asteidensa asteittensa
partitive
astettaan astettansa
asteitaan asteitansa
inessive
asteessaan asteessansa
asteissaan asteissansa
elative
asteestaan asteestansa
asteistaan asteistansa
illative
asteeseensa
asteisiinsa asteihinsa
adessive
asteellaan asteellansa
asteillaan asteillansa
ablative
asteeltaan asteeltansa
asteiltaan asteiltansa
allative
asteelleen asteellensa
asteilleen asteillensa
essive
asteenaan asteenansa
asteinaan asteinansa
translative
asteekseen asteeksensa
asteikseen asteiksensa
abessive
asteettaan asteettansa
asteittaan asteittansa
instructive
comitative
—asteineen asteinensa :

#### Derived terms

* asteikko
* -asteinen
* asteittain
* ala-aste
* alkuaste
* alokasaste
* arvoaste
* aste-ero
* astejako
* astejaotus
* astekulma
* astelevy
* asteluku
* astemitta
* astevaihtelu
* asteverkko
* celsiusaste
* degeneraatioaste
* dissosiaatioaste
* edistymisaste
* ensiasteinen
* eriasteinen
* esiaste
* fahrenheitaste
* haitta-aste
* hapetusaste
* hepoasteet
* jalostusaste
* jonkinasteinen
* kaariaste
* kapaloaste
* kehitysaste
* keskiaste
* kirkkausaste
* kokeiluaste
* korkea-aste
* korkea-asteinen
* korkeakouluaste
* koteloaste
* kotimaisuusaste
* kouluaste
* koulutusaste
* kulma-aste
* kypsyysaste
* käyttöaste
* laimennusaste
* lepoaste
* leveysaste
* luonnosaste
* lähtöaste
* lämpöaste
* malja-aste
* miinusaste
* moniasteinen
* moniasteöljy
* muurainaste
* nolla-asteinen
* oikeusaste
* omavaraisuusaste
* opintoaste
* opistoaste
* paahtoaste
* pakkasaste
* peittoaste
* perusaste
* peruskouluaste
* pituusaste
* plusaste
* polarisaatioaste
* puhtausaste
* rakkula-aste
* sata-asteinen
* selitysaste
* sivistysaste
* sukulaisuusaste
* säästämisaste
* tietynasteinen
* toisasteinen
* toukka-aste
* tuloaste
* työkyvyttömyysaste
* työllisyysaste
* työttömyysaste
* täyttöaste
* uusaste
* vaativuusaste
* vaikeusaste
* vajaakäyttöaste
* valmiusaste
* vammaisuusaste
* vapausaste
* varhaisaste
* velkaantumisaste
* veroaste
* vertailuaste
* väliaste
* yläaste

#### Descendants

* → Livvi: aste

### Further reading

* “aste”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* Seat, seta, tase

## Gothic
### Romanization

astē
* Romanization of 𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.ste/
* Rhymes: -aste
* Hyphenation: à‧ste

### Noun

aste f
* plural of asta

### Anagrams

* seta, tesa

## Latvian
### Etymology

Originally an e-stem variant of an earlier i/n-stem *astis, from Proto-Baltic *asti- < *aš-sti-. Further, two possible Proto-Indo-European sources have been proposed: (a) *h₂eḱ-sti-, from *h₂eḱ- “sharp, pointy, edgy; stone” (whence also ass “sharp”, q.v.), with the meaning changes being “sharp, pointy (object)” > “stinger” > “tail”; and (b) *h₃ésth₁- (“bone”), in which case the semantic evolution would have been “bone” > “tail bone” > “tail” (cf. Icelandic rōfa (“dog's, cat's tail”) from Old Norse rófa (“bony part of a horse's tail”)). In the (a) case, cognates would include Lithuanian akstìs (“skewer, fish bone”) akštìs (“skewer, fish bone, awn”), Old Church Slavonic осътъ (osŭtŭ, “thorny water plant”), остъ (ostŭ, “awn, stinger, fish bone”), Russian ость (ostʹ), Czech osť, Polish ość, Russian осот (osot, “thorny plant”), Bulgarian о́сът (ósǎt), Czech, Polish oset. In the (b) case, cognates would include Hittite 𒄩𒀸𒋫𒄿, Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi), Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Albanian asht, Tocharian B āsta, Latin os (and maybe also costa (“rib”)), and perhaps also all the (a) cognates, which some authors also derive from *h₃ésth₁-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [astɛ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

aste f (5th declension)
* (anatomy) (long) tail
    zirga aste ― horse tail
    suņa aste ― dog tail
    vilka aste ― wolf tail
    gaiļa aste ― rooster tail
    pāva aste ― peacock tail
    kaķis pa to laiku bija izlavījies no pagalma un, izlējis asti, lēni gāja prom ― the cat, meanwhile, had gotten out of the yard and, straightening (his) tail, slowly went away
    kas sunim asti cels, ja pats necels ― who is going to raise a dog's tail if not for the dog himself
* (of objects) tail (extended part at the end)
    lidmašīnas aste ― airplane tail
    kleitas aste ― dress tail
    komētas aste ― comet's tail
    garas rindas stāvēja pie kasēm... paša astē iestājās arī tēvs ― there were long lines at the cashiers... father joined at the very tail (= end) (of one of the lines)

#### Usage notes

Basically, aste refers to long tails like a horse's, while ļipa refers to short tails like a rabbit's.

#### Synonyms

* ļipa

#### Derived terms

* astains

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “aste”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

## Livvi
### Etymology

From Finnish aste.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑste/
* Hyphenation: as‧te

### Noun

aste
* degree
* point

#### Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

### References

* Tatjana Boiko (2019) “aste”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN

## Mauritian Creole
### Etymology

From French acheter.

### Verb

aste
* to buy

### References

* Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. 1987. Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français

## Northern Sami
### Pronunciation

* (Kautokeino) IPA: /ˈasːte/

### Verb

aste
* inflection of astat:
** first-person dual present indicative
** third-person plural past indicative

## Seychellois Creole
### Etymology

From French acheter.

### Verb

aste
* to buy

### References

* Danielle D’Offay et Guy Lionnet, Diksyonner Kreol - Franse / Dictionnaire Créole Seychellois - Français

## Swahili
### Etymology

From Hindi [Term?], from Persian آهسته (âheste).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Adjective

-aste (declinable)
* slow (not quick in motion)

#### Derived terms

* asteaste (“slowly”)

### References

* ↑ Lodhi, Abdulaziz Y. (2000) Oriental Influences in Swahili: a study in language and culture contacts‎, Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, →ISBN, page 121: “the Indic imperatives Aste! (Slow down!)”