# cru
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French cru (“growth”), from French crû, past participle of French croître (“grow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɹuː/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -uː
* Homophones: crew, crewe, Crewe

### Noun

cru (plural crus)
* A vineyard or group of vineyards in France, especially one having a high reputation.
** 2009, Ed McCarthy, Mary Ewing-Mulligan, Maryann Egan, Wine All-in-One For Dummies, page 218:Each cru has an official quality rating on a scale of 100: Grand cru vineyards all rate 100, and premier cru vineyards rank from 90 to 99 points.

#### Usage notes

Translated as growth in phrases such as “first growth” for premier cru.

#### Related terms

* grand cru
* premier cru

### Anagrams

* RUC, cur, ruc

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin crūdus (compare Occitan crus, French cru, Spanish crudo).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈkɾu]
* Rhymes: -u

### Adjective

cru (feminine crua, masculine plural crus, feminine plural crues)
* raw

#### Derived terms

* cruesa

#### Further reading

* “cru” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “cru” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from French cru, from Middle French cru, from Old French [Term?], from Latin crūdus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kry/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: cru
* Rhymes: -y

### Adjective

cru (not comparable)
* crude, coarse

#### Declension
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʁy/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: crû, crue

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French crud, from Old French cru, creu, from Latin crūdus (English crude).

#### Adjective

cru (feminine crue, masculine plural crus, feminine plural crues)
* raw (uncooked, unprocessed)

##### Derived terms

* à cru
* écru

##### Related terms

* crudité

##### Descendants

* Haitian Creole: kri

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Participle

cru (feminine crue, masculine plural crus, feminine plural crues)
* past participle of croire

### Etymology 3

Nominal use of crû, past participle of croître.

#### Noun

cru m (plural crus)
* growth
* vineyard; vintage

### Further reading

* “cru”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Etymology

13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese cruu, from Latin crūdus, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɾu/

### Adjective

cru (feminine crúa, masculine plural crus, feminine plural crúas)
* raw; unprocessed
** 1295, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 152:acharedes en casa na mia ucha cinquoeenta uaras de lenço que seen ordidas et cinquo maranas de fiado cruu et tres de cozidoyou'll find in my home inside my chest fifty yards of woven cloth and five skeins of raw thread and three of boiled
* (dated) cruel
** 1348, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., page 316:Et, ãdando ambos muy fortes et muy cruus en sua batalla, ferindose muy sen piadadeAnd, being both very strong and cruel in their battle, they hurt one another mercilessly

#### Derived terms

* cruel
* crueza
* decrúa
* decruar
* recruar

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cruu”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “cruu”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cru”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cru”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cru”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French cru. Doublet of crudo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkru/$^*$
* Rhymes: -u
* Hyphenation: crù

### Noun

cru m (invariable)
* cru (vineyard known for its quality without official rankings)

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* creu

### Etymology

From Latin crudus.

### Adjective

cru m (oblique and nominative feminine singular crue)
* raw (uncooked)

#### Descendants

* Middle French: crud
** French: cru

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cruu, from Latin crūdum. Compare Galician cru, Spanish and Italian crudo, French cru, and Romanian crud.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈkɾu/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈkɾu/
* Rhymes: -u
* Hyphenation: cru

### Adjective

cru (feminine crua, masculine plural crus, feminine plural cruas)
* raw (uncooked, unprocessed)

#### Derived terms

* crua
* cruamente
* crueza
* decruar
* encruar

#### Related terms

* crude
* crudelíssimo
* crudívoro
* cruel
* crueldade

#### Descendants

* Guinea-Bissau Creole: kru