# 底人
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Eastern Min (BUC): diê-nè̤ng / dê̤-nè̤ng / dê̤-è̤ng
* Puxian Min (Xianyou, Pouseng Ping'ing): dieng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tī-lâng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): di$^7$ nang$^5$
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: diê-nè̤ng / dê̤-nè̤ng / dê̤-è̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /tie²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/, /tœ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/, /tœ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ øyŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dieng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiɛŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tī-lâng
*** Tâi-lô: tī-lâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dixlaang
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ti²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: di$^7$ nang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tī nâng
*** Sinological IPA : /ti¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/

### Pronoun

底人
* (Coastal Min) who; whom
** Late Qing/Early Republic, 《古板蘇六娘全歌》, volume 2, 潮州 [Chaozhou]: 李萬利, page 3r:
       di$^7$ nang$^5$ m$^6$ dan$^3$ i$^1$ u$^6$ cêng$^5$ [Peng'im]
       Who could not say that he was in love?

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 誰$_1$, 疇, 孰, 誰人, 何人, 何者, 阿誰 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 誰$_1$, 誰人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 誰$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 誰$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 誰$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 誰$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 誰$_1$, 誰們 plural |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 誰$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 誰$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 誰$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 誰$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 誰$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 誰$_1$ |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Weicheng) | 誰$_1$ |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Fangzi) | 誰$_1$ |
| Jilu Mandarin | Changle | 誰$_1$ |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shouguang | 誰$_1$ |
| Jilu Mandarin | Wulian | 誰$_1$ |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 誰$_1$ |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 誰$_1$ |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 誰$_1$ |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Weifang (Hanting) | 誰$_1$ |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Changyi | 誰$_1$ |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Gaomi | 誰$_1$ |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 誰$_1$ |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Anqiu | 誰$_1$ |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Linqu | 誰$_1$ |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingzhou | 誰$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 誰$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 哪𠰻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong (Ronghe) | 啥外 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 誰$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 誰$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 阿個, 阿一個, 啥人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yanqi | 誰$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 誰$_1$, 哪個 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 誰$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 誰$_1$ |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 誰$_1$ |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 誰$_1$, 誰們 plural |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 誰$_1$, 誰個, 誰們 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 誰$_1$, 誰一個, 誰們 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 哪個, 啥子人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 哪個, 啥個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 哪個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 哪個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 誰$_1$, 哪個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 哪個, 哪人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 哪個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 哪個 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 哪個 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 哪個, 哪一個 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 哪個, 哪一個, 哪個人 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 哪個, 哈個 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 哪個, 啥個 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 邊個, 乜誰, 乜人, 阿誰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 邊個, 乜誰, 阿誰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 邊個, 哪誰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 阿誰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 哪誰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 哪誰人 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 乜誰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 乜誰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 乜誰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 邊個, 乜誰 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 阿誰 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 誰, 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 阿誰 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 乜誰, 阿誰, 乜人 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 哥誰 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 唔個 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 鼠個, 乜誰 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 乜誰 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 哪人 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 乜誰 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 不個 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 乜誰 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 乜人, 乜誰 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 乜人 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 乜人 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 乜人, 邊人, 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 乜人 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 乜人 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 邊個, 乜人 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 乜人 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 邊個 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 乜人 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 哪個 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 哪個 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 哪仔, 哪個仔 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 麼人, 哪儕 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 哪隻 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 哪誰, 哪隻 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 哪誰 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 哪誰 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 哪誰 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 哪隻, 哪人 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 哪人, 麼個人 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 哪誰 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 哪誰 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 哪誰 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 哪下 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 哪下, 哪下人 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 哪下 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 哪人 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 哪儕 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 哪儕, 麼人 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 麼人, 哪儕 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 哪誰 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 哪誰 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 哪隻 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 哪隻 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 哪隻 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 哪咧 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 哪個 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 哪個 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 哪 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 哪人, 哪個 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 哪儕 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 哪人 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 哪人 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 哪儕 |
| Hakka | Changting | 哪個, 哪個哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 哪個, 麼人 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 麼人 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 哪個, 麼人 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 台人 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 哪人, 哪個 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 斯里 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 哪人, 哪個人 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 麼人, 麼儕, 哪儕 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 麼人, 麼儕 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 麼人, 麼儕, 哪儕 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 麼人, 麼儕, 哪儕 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 麼人, 麼儕, 哪儕 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 麼儕, 哪儕 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 哪人 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 麼人 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 麼人 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 哪人 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 麼人 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 哪儕 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 麼儕 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 哪個 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 哪個 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 哪個 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 哪個 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 哪個 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 何望 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 何一個, 唆羅 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 誰個 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 麼人 |
| Huizhou | Jingde | 哪個 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 誰$_1$, 誰們 usually plural |
| Jin | Pingyao | 誰$_1$, 誰家 plural, 誰家們家 plural, 誰們 plural |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 誰$_1$, 誰們 usually plural |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 誰$_1$, 誰們 plural |
| Jin | Linhe | 誰$_1$, 誰們 plural |
| Jin | Jining | 誰$_1$, 誰們 plural |
| Jin | Hohhot | 誰$_1$, 誰們 plural |
| Jin | Baotou | 誰$_1$, 誰們 plural |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 誰$_1$, 誰們 plural |
| Jin | Haibowan | 誰$_1$, 誰們 plural |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 孰人, 孰麼人 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 哪人 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 孰麼人 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 哪隻, 若隻 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 孰人 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 什麼人 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 孰人, 孰麼人 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 底儂 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 底儂 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 底儂, 什乇儂 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 底儂 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 底儂 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 底儂 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 底儂 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 底儂, 儂 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 呢乇儂, 哪個 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 底儂 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 乇儂 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 底儂 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 底儂 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 誰$_2$, 誰$_3$, 誰$_4$, 是誰, 啥儂, 啥物儂, 什物儂, 底儂 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 啥儂, 誰$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 誰$_2$, 誰$_4$, 是誰, 啥儂 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 啥儂, 誰$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 啥儂, 誰$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 啥儂, 誰$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 啥儂, 誰$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 啥儂, 誰$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 底儂, 誰$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 底儂, 誰$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 誰$_5$, 是誰, 啥儂, 哪儂, 什物儂, 佗一股, 佗一個, 佗一 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 誰$_5$ |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 誰$_5$ |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 底股 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 誰$_5$ |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 誰$_5$ |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 誰$_5$ |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 誰$_5$ |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 什物儂 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 是誰, 底儂 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 啥物儂 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 啥儂 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 啥物儂 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 啥儂, 誰$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 啥物儂, 誰$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 誰$_5$, 啥儂 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 啥物儂 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 誰$_2$, 啥物儂 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 誰$_3$, 啥儂, 誰$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 誰$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 誰誰, 誰誰儂, 是誰 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 啥儂, 誰$_2$, 啥物儂, 是誰, 誰$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 誰仔, 啥儂 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 底儂, 誰$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 底儂, 誰$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 誰$_1$ |
| Southern Min | Datian | 什儂, 底儂 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 乜儂 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 乜儂 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 底𫢗, 𫢗 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 底𫢗, 底儂 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 底𫢗 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 底𫢗 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 𫢗, 底𫢗 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 底𫢗 |
| Southern Min | Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) | 底𫢗 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 底𫢗 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 底𫢗 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 底𫢗 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 誰$_3$, 誰儂 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 誰$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 誰$_3$ |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 甚儂, 方儂 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 甚儂, 底儂 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 誰儕, 何隻 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 何隻 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 啥人 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 誰人 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 底儂 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 底儂 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 哪個 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 哪個 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 什人 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 哪個 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 什人 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 什個人 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 哪個 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 哪個 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 哪個 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 哪個 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 麼人 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Lijiatian) | 何條 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 啥人 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) | 哈人 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Fengxian) | 哈人 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jinshan) | 哈人 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Qingpu) | 哈人 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 哈人 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 啥人 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 啥人 |
| Wu | Danyang | 哪個, 點高人 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 哪個 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 啥人, 誰儂 dated |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 何乜人, 乜人, 誰人, 何人 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 哪個 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 哪個, 何至個 suburbs |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 哪個, 哪 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 哪個, 誰個 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 哪個 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 哪個 |

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “底侬”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 153.