# نعل
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

* Root
* ن ع ل (n ʕ l)
* 1 term
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* Compare for the “shoe” noun Classical Syriac ܢܥܠܐ (naʿlā), Hebrew נַעַל (náʿal)
* Perhaps related to Ge'ez ንዑልት (nəʿult), ኑዑልት (nuʿult, “widow married by levirate marriage”) because, according to Dillmann, the ceremony of the levirate marriage seems to involve the bridegroom throwing a shoe in the biblical passages where it is found – but this Ethiopic word is perhaps from Cushitic; Cushitic was unknown in Dillmann’s time, which forced Semitic explanations of Ethiopic.
* Likely related to Akkadian 𒈿 (nâlu, niālu, “to lie down”) and its derivations related to “spreading”
* In the view of this general “spreading” meaning in Akkadian, likely related to Ugaritic 𐎐𐎓𐎍 (nʿl) which is variously glossed: “palanquin”, “sandal”, “robe”
* ➜ Apparently the later Semitic languages have specialised a “spreading” meaning to a “shoeing” meaning

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na.ʕa.la/

#### Verb

نَعَلَ • (naʕala) I (non-past يَنْعَلُ (yanʕalu), verbal noun نَعْل (naʕl))
* to sole, to shoe

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na.ʕi.la/

#### Verb

نَعِلَ • (naʕila) I (non-past يَنْعَلُ (yanʕalu), verbal noun نَعَل (naʕal))
* to be shoed

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /naʕ.ʕa.la/

#### Verb

نَعَّلَ • (naʕʕala) II (non-past يُنَعِّلُ (yunaʕʕilu), verbal noun تَنْعِيل (tanʕīl))
* to sole, to shoe

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /naʕl/

#### Noun

نَعْل • (naʕl) m (plural نِعَال (niʕāl) or أَنْعُل (ʔanʕul))
* verbal noun of نَعَلَ (naʕala) (form I)
* (dated) any covering for human or animal feet, a shoe (such as human footwear or a horseshoe)
    Synonym: حِذَاء (ḥiḏāʔ)
* (Modern Standard Arabic) a light shoe for human feet (such as a slipper)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: nagħal
* → Azerbaijani: nal
* → Baluchi: نال (nál), نعل
* → Georgian: ნალი (nali)
** → Bats: ნალ (nal)
* → Hindi: नाल (nāl)
* → Middle Armenian: նալ (nal)
** Armenian: նալ (nal)
* → Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: nal
    Central Kurdish: ناڵ (nall)
    Southern Kurdish: ناڵ (nall)
* → Persian: نعل (na'l)
** Tajik: наъл (naʾl)
* → Ottoman Turkish: نعل (nal)
** Turkish: nal
* → Pashto: نال (nāl)
* → Turkmen: naal
* → Urdu: نال (nāl)

### Etymology 1.5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na.ʕal/

#### Noun

نَعَل • (naʕal) m
* verbal noun of نَعِلَ (naʕila) (form I)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

نعل (form I)
* نَعُلُّ (naʕullu) /na.ʕul.lu/: first-person plural non-past active indicative of عَلَّ (ʕalla)
* نُعَلُّ (nuʕallu) /nu.ʕal.lu/: first-person plural non-past passive indicative of عَلَّ (ʕalla)
* نَعُلَّ (naʕulla) /na.ʕul.la/: first-person plural non-past active subjunctive/jussive of عَلَّ (ʕalla)
* نُعَلَّ (nuʕalla) /nu.ʕal.la/: first-person plural non-past passive subjunctive/jussive of عَلَّ (ʕalla)
* نَعُلِّ (naʕulli) /na.ʕul.li/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of عَلَّ (ʕalla)
* نُعَلِّ (nuʕalli) /nu.ʕal.li/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of عَلَّ (ʕalla)
* نَعِلُّ (naʕillu) /na.ʕil.lu/: first-person plural non-past active indicative of عَلَّ (ʕalla)
* نَعِلَّ (naʕilla) /na.ʕil.la/: first-person plural non-past active subjunctive/jussive of عَلَّ (ʕalla)
* نَعِلِّ (naʕilli) /na.ʕil.li/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of عَلَّ (ʕalla)

### Etymology 3.1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

نعل (form I)
* نَعُلْ (naʕul) /na.ʕul/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of عَالَ (ʕāla)
* نُعَلْ (nuʕal) /nu.ʕal/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of عَالَ (ʕāla)
* نَعِلْ (naʕil) /na.ʕil/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of عَالَ (ʕāla)

### Etymology 3.2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

نعل (form IV)
* نُعِلْ (nuʕil) /nu.ʕil/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of أَعَالَ (ʔaʕāla)
* نُعَلْ (nuʕal) /nu.ʕal/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of أَعَالَ (ʔaʕāla)

### Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

نعل (form I)
* نَعُلْ (naʕul) /na.ʕul/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of عَالَ (ʕāla)
* نُعَلْ (nuʕal) /nu.ʕal/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of عَالَ (ʕāla)
* نَعِلْ (naʕil) /na.ʕil/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of عَالَ (ʕāla)

### Etymology 5.1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

نعل (form I)
* نَعْلُ (naʕlu) /naʕ.lu/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of عَلَا (ʕalā)
* نُعْلَ (nuʕla) /nuʕ.la/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of عَلَا (ʕalā) and عَلَى (ʕalā, “to climb”)
* نَعْلِ (naʕli) /naʕ.li/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of عَلَى (ʕalā, “to climb”)
* نَعْلَ (naʕla) /naʕ.la/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of عَلِيَ (ʕaliya, “to be exalted, to be high; to excel”)

### Etymology 5.2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

نعل (form II)
* نُعَلِّ (nuʕalli) /nu.ʕal.li/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of عَلَّى (ʕallā)
* نُعَلَّ (nuʕalla) /nu.ʕal.la/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of عَلَّى (ʕallā)

### Etymology 5.3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

نعل (form IV)
* نُعْلِ (nuʕli) /nuʕ.li/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of أَعْلَى (ʔaʕlā)
* نُعْلَ (nuʕla) /nuʕ.la/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of أَعْلَى (ʔaʕlā)

### References

* Dillmann, August (1865) Lexicon linguae aethiopicae cum indice latino (in Latin), Leipzig: T. O. Weigel, column 676
* Freytag, Georg (1837) “نعل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 303
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “نعل”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 1296
* Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 382
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “نعل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “نعل”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1291

## Baluchi
### Etymology

From Arabic نَعْل (naʕl).

### Noun

نعل • (transliteration needed)
* horseshoe

### See also

* نال (nál)

## Moroccan Arabic
### Alternative forms

* لعن (lʕan)

### Etymology

* Root
* ن ع ل
* 1 term
From Arabic لَعَنَ (laʕana) with metathesis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nʕal/

### Verb

نعل • (nʕal) I (non-past ينعل (yinʕal))
* to curse
* to damn

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic نَعْل (naʕl, “horseshoe”).

### Noun

نعل • (naʼl) (definite accusative نعلی (naʼlı), plural نعال (niʼal))
* horseshoe, the U-shaped shoe of a horse, now typically made of metal
    Synonym: طاقاو (takav)
* ferrule, a band or cap of metal placed around a shaft to reinforce it
* patten, clog, sabot, any of various types of footwear made of wood

#### Derived terms

* آت نعلی (at naʼlı, “horseshoe”)
* درت نعل (dört naʼl, “gallop”)
* نعل كسمك (naʼl kesmek, “to make horseshoes”)
* نعل چاقمق (naʼl çakmak, “to shoe a horse”)
* نعلبر (naʼlbur, “horseshoer”)
* نعلبكی (naʼlbeki, “very small plate or saucer”)
* نعلبند (naʼlband, “farrier, horseshoer”)
* نعلتراش (naʼltıraş, “maker of pattens”)
* نعللامق (naʼllamak, “to shoe a horse”)
* نعللری آتمق (naʼlları atmak, “to bite the dust”)
* نعللو (naʼllı, “provided with horseshoes”)
* نعلچه (naʼlça, “iron heel or clip”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: nal

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “نعل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 823
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “nal1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3484
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “na'l”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 961
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “نعل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1280
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Solea”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1567
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “نعل”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 5210
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “nal”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “نعل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2090

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic نَعْل (naʕl).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [naʔl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [näʔl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [näʔl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [nɑːl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [nɔːl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [næʔl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [näʔl]

### Noun

| Dari | نعل |
| Iranian Persian | نعل |
| Tajik | наъл |
نعل • (na'l) (plural نعل‌ها (na'l-hâ))
* horseshoe
** c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 72:خسرو ملک وفا حضرت سلطان کرم کش فلک نعل فرس از مه تابان سازدxusraw-i mulk-i wafā hazrat-i sultān-i karam k-aš falak na'l-i faras az mah-i tābān sāzadEmperor of the realm of fidelity, His Majesty the sultan of excellence, For whose steed heaven has made the shining moon a horseshoe.(Classical Persian transliteration)

#### Derived terms

* نعل اسب (na'l-e asb)
* نعل اسبی (na'l-e asbi)
* نعلبند (na'lband)
* نعلتراش (na'ltarâš)
* نعلچه (na'lče)
* نعل‌ساز (na'l-sâz)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “نعل”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic نَعْل (naʕl).

### Noun

نَعْل • (na'l) m (Hindi spelling नाल)
* horseshoe

#### Derived terms

* نعلین (na’lain)