# sinä
## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsinæ/, [ˈs̠inæ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -inæ
* Hyphenation: si‧nä

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *cinä, from Proto-Uralic *tinä. See the Proto-Finnic entry for more information on inflection.

#### Pronoun

sinä (stem sinu-)
* (personal) you (second-person singular personal pronoun, used in familiar or neutral contexts), thou
    En nähnyt sinua siellä.I didn't see you there.

##### Usage notes

* Depending on the context, the pronoun can sometimes be omitted in written language if the text remains fluent – in spoken language, the pronoun is practically always used (compare the usage of te pl (“you”)).
* As in many other European languages, the second-person plural te is used in formal contexts or when addressing an unfamiliar elderly person (see teititellä). However, this custom is not anymore as usual as elsewhere in Europe in everyday life – there is from time to time discussion whether this custom is inconvenient in modern society. However, a safe way to start conversation with an unfamiliar person, especially with an elderly person, is to use te instead of sinä.
* When addressing another person in formal writing, sinä is often capitalized (Sinä).
* See this appendix for information on the dialectal variants of sinä.

##### Declension

* Irregular. The comitative and instructive forms do not exist; the abessive sinutta and teittä is hardly used.
* In addition to the standard set of cases, sinä and the other personal pronouns have a specific accusative form, in this case sinut. This form would have been the nominative plural form of the first stem if the word were not a personal pronoun.
Declension of sinä
noun case
singular
plural
nominative
sinä
te
genitive
sinun
teidän
partitive
sinua
teitä
accusative
sinut
teidät
inessive
sinussa
teissä
elative
sinusta
teistä
illative
sinuun
teihin
adessive
sinulla
teillä
ablative
sinulta
teiltä
allative
sinulle
teille
essive
sinuna
teinä
translative
sinuksi
teiksi
abessive
instructive
comitative

##### Alternative forms

* sä (colloquial)
* sa (archaic, poetic)
* sie (dialectal)
* siä (dialectal)
* sää (dialectal)
* snää (dialectal)
* nää (dialectal)

##### Derived terms

* sinunlainen
* sinunlaisesi
* sinutella
* sinunkaupat
* sinä-muotoinen

##### Descendants

* Kven: sie

#### Further reading

* “sinä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

sinä
* (demonstrative) essive singular of se

### Anagrams

* isän, nisä, säin

## Livvi
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *cinä, from Proto-Uralic *tinä. Cognates include Finnish sinä and Karelian sie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsinʲæ/
* Hyphenation: si‧nä
* Rhymes: -inʲæ

### Pronoun

sinä
* thou, you (singular)

#### Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

#### See also
### References

* N. Gilojeva, S. Rudakova (2009) Karjalan kielen Livvin murdehen algukursu [Beginners' course of Karelian language's Livvi dialect]‎ (in Livvi), Petrozavodsk, →ISBN, page 10
* Tatjana Boiko (2019) Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 258

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *cinä, from Proto-Uralic *tinä.

### Pronoun

sinä (genitive sinun, partitive sindai)
* you (singular)

#### Inflection
### References

* Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “ты”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika