# nomenklatura
## English
### Alternative forms

* nomenclatura

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra), from Latin nōmenclātūra (“a calling by name, list of names”), from nomen (“name”) + calare (“call”). Doublet of nomenclature.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /nɒˌmɛnkləˈtjʊəɹə/, /nɒˌmɛnkləˈtʃʊəɹə/

### Noun

nomenklatura (plural nomenklaturas)
* (now historical) A list of bureaucratic posts in government and industry in the former Soviet Union (or other communist countries), filled by those appointed by the Party. [from 20th c.]
* (collective) The people on such lists; (by extension), any privileged class, a social or political elite. [from 20th c.]
** 2007 October 13, Will Hutton, “Will China's next leader be its Gorbachev?”, in The Observer‎, →ISSN:[Gorbachev] did not champion perestroika and glasnost alone; much of the nomenklatura had decided that the Soviet economic and social model was dysfunctional, corrupt and endemically inefficient and had to change.
** 2011, Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature, Penguin, published 2012, page 764:Communism envisioned […] an Authority Ranking of political control (in theory, the dictatorship of the proletariat; in practice, a nomenklatura of commissars under a charismatic dictator).
** 2023, Vincent Bevins, If We Burn: The Mass Protest Decade and the Missing Revolution, Public Affairs, →ISBN:During the long rule of Leonid Brezhnev (1964–1982), the nomenklatura had cemented their power in the system.

#### Translations
## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin nomenclatura (“a calling by name, list of names”), from nomen (“name”) + calare (“call”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnomɛŋklatura]

### Noun

nomenklatura f
* nomenclature

#### Related terms

* See nominace

### Further reading

* “nomenklatura”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “nomenklatura”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “nomenklatura”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra). Doublet of nomenclatura.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /no.men.klaˈtu.ra/
* Rhymes: -ura
* Hyphenation: no‧men‧kla‧tù‧ra

### Noun

nomenklatura f (plural nomenklature)
* nomenklatura

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* nomenklaturene

### Noun

nomenklatura m or n
* definite neuter plural of nomenklatur

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin nōmenclātūra. Sense 3, sense 4 and sense 5 are semantic loans from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɔ.mɛŋ.klaˈtu.ra/
* Rhymes: -ura
* Syllabification: no‧men‧kla‧tu‧ra

### Noun

nomenklatura f (related adjective nomenklaturowy)
* (countable) nomenclature (set of rules used for forming the names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences)
    Synonyms: nazewnictwo, terminologia
* (countable) nomenclature (set of names or terms)
    Synonyms: nazewnictwo, terminologia
* (uncountable, derogatory, historical, politics) nomenklatura (list of bureaucratic posts in government and industry in the former Soviet Union (or other communist countries), filled by those appointed by the Party)
* (uncountable, collective, derogatory, historical, politics) nomenklatura (people on such lists)
* (uncountable, collective, derogatory, politics) nomenklatura (any privileged class; a social or political elite)

#### Derived terms

* nomenklatura binominalna

#### Related terms

* nomenklator

### Further reading

* nomenklatura in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* nomenklatura in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* nomenklatura in PWN's encyclopedia

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin nomenclatura (“a calling by name, list of names”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nomenklatǔːra/
* Hyphenation: no‧men‧kla‧tu‧ra

### Noun

nomenklatúra f (Cyrillic spelling номенклату́ра)
* nomenclature

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra), from Latin nōmenclātūra (“a calling by name, list of names”), from nomen (“name”) + calare (“call”). Doublet of nomenklatur.

### Noun

nomenklatura c
* (historical) nomenklatura

#### Declension
### References

* nomenklatura in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* nomenklatura in Svensk ordbok (SO)