# Helm
## English
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Proper noun

Helm
* The only named wind in the British Isles. It blows westward from the Pennine fells over Cumbria and is often accompanied by a line of clouds on top of the hills called the Helm Bar.
    Synonym: Helm Wind

### Etymology 2

Two main origins:
* English topographic surname for someone who lived by or worked at a temporary shelter for animals, from Middle English helm (“helmet; protection”).
* Borrowed from German Helm (“helmet”), metonymic occupational surname for a maker of helmets.

#### Proper noun

Helm (countable and uncountable, plural Helms)
* (countable) A surname.
* (uncountable) A placename, from the surname:
** An unincorporated community in Fresno County, California, United States.
** An unincorporated community in Russell County, Kentucky, United States.
** An unincorporated community in Pulaski County, Missouri, United States.

##### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Helm is the 3087th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 11649 individuals. Helm is most common among White (86.39%) individuals.

#### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Helm”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 160.

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German helm, from Old High German helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz. Compare Low German Helm, Dutch helm, English helm, Danish hjelm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɛlm/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Helm m (strong, genitive Helmes or Helms, plural Helme)
* helmet
* (architecture) helm roof
* (heraldry) helmet, as shown above a coat of arms

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

#### Hyponyms

* Blauhelm
* Bügelhelm
* Fahrradhelm
* Feuerwehrhelm
* Flügelhelm
* Glockenhelm
* Integralhelm
* Kampfhelm
* Kappenhelm
* Kolbenturnierhelm
* Legionärshelm
* Motorradhelm
* Pickelhaube
* Polizeihelm
* Reiterhelm
* Ritterhelm
* Schutzhelm
* Spangenhelm
* Spitzhelm
* Stahlhelm
* Stechhelm
* Sturzhelm
* Taucherhelm
* Topfhelm
* Tropenhelm
* Dachhelm
* Knickhelm
* Spitzhelm
* Turmhelm
* Zwiebelhelm

#### Holonyms

* (heraldry): Oberwappen

#### Derived terms

* helmartig, helmförmig, behelmt

#### Related terms

* Helmdach
* Helmgewölbe
* Helmbusch
* Helmdecke
* Helmgitter
* Helmkleinod
* Helmkrone
* Helmrost
* Helmschmuck
* Helmstutz
* Helmwulst
* Helmzeichen
* Helmzier

### Further reading

* “Helm” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Helm” in Duden online
* “Helm” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
* Friedrich Kluge (1883) “Helm”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

Backformed (perhaps under German influence) from the plural of older Hellem, from Middle High German helm, from Old High German helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz.
Cognate with German Helm, Dutch helm, English helm, Icelandic hjálmur.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hælm/

### Noun

Helm m (plural Helmer)
* helmet