OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# spectrometry
## English
### Etymology

From spectro- +‎ -metry.

### Noun

spectrometry (countable and uncountable, plural spectrometries)
* (physics, analytical chemistry) The measurement of the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation, especially any of several techniques used to analyze the structure of molecules; the measurement of spectra of things other than radiation, such as the masses of molecules and their breakdown products

#### Derived terms

* mass spectrometry
* neutron spectrometry
* time-delay spectrometry
* X-ray spectrometry

#### Related terms

* spectrometer

#### See also

* spectrology
* spectroscopy
# aproksymacyjny
## Polish
### Etymology

From aproksymacja +‎ -ny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.prɔk.sɘ.maˈt͡sɘj.nɘ/
* Rhymes: -ɘjnɘ
* Syllabification: a‧prok‧sy‧ma‧cyj‧ny

### Adjective

aproksymacyjny (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational) approximation; approximative (relating to the act, process or result of approximating)
    Synonym: aproksymatywny
* (relational, mathematics) approximation; approximative (relating to the act of replacing one value with another, easier to calculate one)
    Synonym: aproksymatywny

#### Related terms

* aproksymatywny
* aproksymacja
* aproksymować
* zaproksymować

### Further reading

* aproksymacyjny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* aproksymacyjny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# jąkać
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ękati.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjɔŋ.kat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔŋkat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: ją‧kać

### Verb

jąkać impf
* (reflexive) to stammer, to stutter

#### Derived terms

* jąkała

### Further reading

* jąkać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* jąkać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# zmiotka
## Polish
### Etymology

From zmiatać +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzmjɔt.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔtka
* Syllabification: zmiot‧ka

### Noun

zmiotka f
* brush (implement used for sweeping)
    Synonym: szczotka

#### Related terms

* miotłowy
* miotełka
* miotlarz
* miotła
* zamiatacz
* zamiataczka
* zamiatarka
* zmiotki
* mieść
* omiatać
* omieść
* podmiatać
* podmieść
* wymiatać
* wymieść
* zamiatać
* zamiatać pod dywan
* zamieść
* zamieść pod dywan
* zmiatać
* zmieść

### Further reading

* zmiotka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# łasy
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lasъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwa.sɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -asɘ
* Syllabification: ła‧sy

### Adjective

łasy (comparative bardziej łasy, superlative najbardziej łasy, no derived adverb)
* greedy, avid [with na (+ accusative) ‘for something’]

#### Derived terms

* łasuch
* łasować

### Further reading

* łasy in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* łasy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “łasy”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN
# precio
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /ˈpɾeθjo/ [ˈpɾe.θjo]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /ˈpɾesjo/ [ˈpɾe.sjo]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -eθjo
* Rhymes: -esjo
* Syllabification: pre‧cio

### Etymology 1

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin pretium. Doublet of prez.

#### Noun

precio m (plural precios)
* price
    Synonyms: tarifa, cuenta, factura, importe
* worth, cost
    Synonyms: valía, valor, gasto, coste, costo, costa

##### Derived terms

* a cualquier precio
* a precio de coste
* a precio de oro
* a precio de saldo
* de precio
* guerra de precios
* índice de precios al consumo
* poner a precio
* preciar
* precio de partida
* precio de salida
* precio fijo
* precio público

##### Related terms

* apreciar
* despreciar
* precioso

##### Descendants

* > Chavacano: precio (inherited)
* → Asturian: preciu
* → Basque: prezio
* → Cebuano: presyo
* → Ilocano: presio
* → Tagalog: presyo

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

precio
* first-person singular present indicative of preciar

### Further reading

* “precio”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Anagrams

* perico
* repico
# foiničtina
## Czech
### Noun

foiničtina f
* Alternative form of féničtina

#### Related terms

* foinický
* Foiničan
* Foinikie

### Further reading

* “foiničtina”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
# pysähtyä
## Finnish
### Etymology

pysähtää +‎ -yä

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpysæhtyæˣ/, [ˈpys̠æhˌt̪yæ(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -yæ
* Hyphenation: py‧säh‧tyä

### Verb

pysähtyä
* (intransitive) to stop, pause, halt [with inessive or adessive (for a short time) ‘at/in/on’; or with illative or allative (for a long time) ‘at/in/on’, along with illative of third infinitive ‘to do’]

#### Derived terms

* pysähdellä
* pysähdys
* pysähdyttää
* pysähtyminen
* pysäkki
* pysäköidä
* pysäyttää

### Further reading

* “pysähtyä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# regrading
## English
### Verb

regrading
* present participle and gerund of regrade

#### Related terms

* degrading

### Noun

regrading (plural regradings)
* The act of grading again, thus changing the grade of something.
** A recontouring of land.
    This is the second regrading of this lot, because the drainage plan has been revised yet again.
** A rejudging or other reassessment.
    Coordinate terms: reclassification, re-sorting, refiltering
    There was a regrading of all the exams in light of the errors belatedly discovered in some of the test questions.

#### Related terms

* degrading

### Anagrams

* gang-rider, regarding
# रूढ़ि
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA: /ɾuː.ɽʱiː/

### Noun

रूढ़ि • (rūṛhi) f
* tradition, custom, convention
* accepted meaning (of a word, as opposed to its etymological meaning)

#### Derived terms

* रूढ़ि के अनुसार (rūṛhi ke anusār)
* रूढ़िगत (rūṛhigat)
* रूढ़िग्रस्त (rūṛhigrast)
* रूढ़िबद्ध (rūṛhibaddh)
* रूढ़िवाद (rūṛhivād)

### References

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “रूढ़ि”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “रूढ़ि”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “रूढ़ि”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “रूढ़ि”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
# dissenting
## English
### Verb

dissenting
* present participle and gerund of dissent

### Adjective

dissenting (comparative more dissenting, superlative most dissenting)
* Showing a strongly different opinion, belief, or viewpoint.

#### Derived terms

* dissentingly
* nondissenting
* undissenting

### Anagrams

* dining sets, disnesting
# befriending
## English
### Verb

befriending
* present participle and gerund of befriend

### Noun

befriending (plural befriendings)
* The process of making friends with somebody.

#### Derived terms

* unbefriending
# butchering
## English
### Verb

butchering
* present participle and gerund of butcher

### Noun

butchering (countable and uncountable, plural butcherings)
* The act by which someone or something is butchered, as:
** Dismemberment.
    Coordinate terms: killing, slaughtering (coordinate in precise usage referring to animal carcasses)
** (loosely) Slaughter or killing, especially of a human being.
** (figuratively) Botching; a botched job.

#### Derived terms

* pig butchering
# enthralling
## English
### Adjective

enthralling (comparative more enthralling, superlative most enthralling)
* exciting and absorbing
** 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter I, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, pages 210-211:The Abbess had not miscalculated the effect of the yesterday's ceremony—she knew it was not binding, but its influence as a religious obligation was enthralling to a degree.
** 1908 June, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, chapter XXX, in Anne of Green Gables, Boston, Mass.: L[ouis] C[oues] Page & Company, published August 1909 (11th printing), →OCLC:Glittering castles in Spain were shaping themselves out of the mists and rainbows of her lively fancy; adventures wonderful and enthralling were happening to her in cloudland—adventures that always turned out triumphantly and never involved her in scrapes like those of actual life.
** 2011 October 29, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 3 - 5 Arsenal”, in BBC Sport‎:Andre Santos equalised and the outstanding Theo Walcott put Arsenal ahead for the first time before Juan Mata's spectacular strike set up the finale for an enthralling encounter.

#### Derived terms

* enthrallingly
* unenthralling

### Verb

enthralling
* present participle and gerund of enthrall
# cumbersome
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English cumbyrsum, cummyrsum; equivalent to cumber (“hindrance”) +‎ -some. Compare encumber and incumbent.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkʌmbəsəm/
* (US) IPA: /ˈkʌmbɚsəm/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Adjective

cumbersome (comparative more cumbersome, superlative most cumbersome)
* Burdensome or hindering, as if a weight or drag; vexatious.
** 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter VII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 54:"You can throw off your cumbersome disguise here," said Lucy, though the words could scarcely be distinguished, from her excessive agitation, Evelyn hastily caught up a cloak and cap laid ready for him, and a few minutes brought them into the sitting-room.
* Not easily managed or handled; awkward; clumsy.
    Cumbersome machines can endanger operators and slow down production.
* Hard, difficult, demanding to handle or get around with.
    A slave’s work was as cumbersome as toiling on the fields, or in the mines.
* Inert, lumbering, slow in movement.

#### Synonyms

* cumbrous
* lumpish (obsolete)
* unwieldy
* See also Thesaurus:difficult

#### Derived terms

* cumbersomely
* cumbersomeness
* uncumbersome

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
# balancing
## English
### Verb

balancing
* present participle and gerund of balance

### Noun

balancing (plural balancings)
* An action wherein someone balances or something is balanced
** 1886, Ministry of Education, The Ontario Readers: The High School Reader, 1886‎:In other places of the holy writings the Almighty is described as weighing the mountains in scales, making the weight for the winds, knowing the balancings of the clouds; and, in others, as weighing the actions of men, and laying their calamities together in a balance.
** 1909, Andre Castaigne, The Bill-Toppers‎:And he locked her up all day in her room doing her balancings, the boomerang on the front wheel, the standstill on the back-wheel, or the bike upside down, with Lily standing on the pedals, like a convict on the tread-mill.
** 1907, A. E. W. Mason, Running Water‎:But she had been reading deeply of the Alps, and in all the histories of mountain exploits which she had read, of climbs up vertical cracks in sheer walls of rocks, balancings upon ridges sharp as a knife edge, crawlings over smooth slabs with nowhere to rest the feet or hands, it was the ice-slope which had most kindled her imagination.

#### Hyponyms

* self-balancing

#### Derived terms

* autobalancing
* balancing act
* osmobalancing
* zero balancing
# illumination
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French illumination, from Late Latin illuminatio, from Latin illumino.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ɪˌlumɪˈneɪʃən/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɪˌl(j)umɪˈneɪʃən/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən
* Hyphenation: il‧lu‧mi‧na‧tion

### Noun

illumination (countable and uncountable, plural illuminations)
* The act of illuminating, or supplying with light; the state of being illuminated.
* Festive decoration of houses or buildings with lights.
* Adornment of books and manuscripts with colored illustrations. See illuminate (transitive verb).
* (figurative) Splendour; brightness.
* (figurative) Enlightening influence; inspiration.

#### Synonyms

* lumination (rare)

#### Derived terms

* bioillumination
* counterillumination
* endoillumination
* global illumination
* illuminationism
* illuminationist
* illumination problem
* nonillumination
* oblique illumination
* overillumination
* over-illumination
* Phong illumination
* photoillumination
* postillumination
* preillumination
* reillumination
* retroillumination
* structured illumination
* structured illumination microscopy
* transillumination
* underillumination
* unillumination

#### Related terms

* illuminator

#### Translations
## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin illuminātiōnem, from Latin illuminō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i.ly.mi.na.sjɔ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

illumination f (plural illuminations)
* enlightenment (philosophy and psychology related to achieving clarity of perception, reason and knowledge)
* illumination, lighting

#### Related terms

* illuminer

### Further reading

* “illumination”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# devotional
## English
### Etymology

From devotion +‎ -al.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /dɪˈvəʊʃənəl/
* (General American) IPA: /dɪˈvoʊʃənəl/
* Rhymes: -əʊʃənəl

### Noun

devotional (plural devotionals)
* A brief religious service.
    To prepare for leading a devotional, select a theme appropriate to the occasion.
* A text or piece of music or writing to be used for devotion.
    Each page of the book offers a short devotional that inspires thought and self-reflection.

#### Derived terms

* daily devotional

### Adjective

devotional (comparative more devotional, superlative most devotional)
* (usually religious) Of or pertaining to devotion or worship.
    She spent much time playing devotional music.
** 1981 August 29, Michael Bronski, “Hot and Cold Film”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 7, page 11:Because of her love for Robert […] the Resistance leader, Willie undertakes dangerous missions for the anti-fascist groups. She doesn't seem however to have the slightest idea why she is doing it, it is a devotional, not a political action.
** 2023, Robin Lloyd-Jones, Gods of the Lost Crossroads, page 161:The latter [mule] had what Muldoon referred to as 'devotional habits' — which is to say that, occasionally, she would go down on her knees and refuse to budge.

#### Derived terms

* devotionalism
* devotionalist
* devotionality
* devotionally
* indevotional
* nondevotional
* pornographico-devotional
* undevotional
# estrous
## English
### Alternative forms

* oestrous

### Adjective

estrous
* Of, pertaining to, or in a state of estrus.

#### Synonyms

* estral / oestral

#### Derived terms

* anestrous
* estrous cycle
* metaestrous
* monestrous
* periestrous
* polyestrous
* proestrous

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Souters, Strouse, oestrus, ousters, rousest, sestuor, sourest, souters, toruses, tousers, trouses, trousse, tussore, œstrus
# evaporator
## English
### Etymology

From evaporate +‎ -or.

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt.ɚ/, [ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪɾ.ɚ]
* Audio (General American):(file)

### Noun

evaporator (plural evaporators)
* A piece of equipment used to evaporate the solvent from a solution.
* The part of a refrigerator that absorbs heat by evaporating a refrigerant.

#### Derived terms

* evaporatory
* rotary evaporator
* rotoevaporator

#### Translations
## Latin
### Verb

ēvapōrātor
* second/third-person singular future passive imperative of ēvapōrō
# ebrio
## Latin
### Etymology

From ēbrius (“drunk”) +‎ -ō (“denominative verb-forming suffix”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈeː.bri.oː/, [ˈeːbrioː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈe.bri.o/, [ˈɛːbrio]

### Verb

ēbriō (present infinitive ēbriāre, perfect active ēbriāvī, supine ēbriātum); first conjugation
* to make drunk, intoxicate

#### Derived terms

* ēbriāmen
* inēbriō

#### Related terms

* ēbrius

### Adjective

ēbriō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of ēbrius

### References

* “ebrio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ebrio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ēbrius.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈebɾjo/ [ˈe.β̞ɾjo]
* Rhymes: -ebɾjo
* Syllabification: e‧brio

### Adjective

ebrio (feminine ebria, masculine plural ebrios, feminine plural ebrias)
* drunk, inebriated
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:borracho

#### Related terms

* ebriedad

### Further reading

* “ebrio”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# anserine
## English
### Etymology 1

From Latin anserīnus, from anser (“goose”).

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈansəɹʌɪn/

#### Adjective

anserine (comparative more anserine, superlative most anserine)
* Silly, foolish, stupid. [from 17th c.]
* Pertaining to a goose or geese; gooselike. [from 18th c.]
* (medicine, obsolete) Exhibiting goose flesh.
    anserine skin

##### Derived terms

* homoanserine

##### Related terms

* pes anserinus

##### Translations
#### See also

* anatine
* cygnine

### Etymology 2

From Latin anser (“goose”) +‎ -ine, after German Anserin.

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈansəɹiːn/

#### Noun

anserine (countable and uncountable, plural anserines)
* (biochemistry) A dipeptide compound present in birds and other vertebrates, originally isolated from goose muscle. [from 20th c.]

### Anagrams

* arsenine

## Italian
### Adjective

anserine
* feminine plural of anserino

## Latin
### Adjective

ānserīne
* vocative masculine singular of ānserīnus
# chancre
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French chancre (“cancer”), from Latin cancer (“crab”). Cognate to canker and cancer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃæŋ.kɚ/
* Audio (US):(file)
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -æŋkə(ɹ)

### Noun

chancre (plural chancres)
* (pathology) Skin lesion, sometimes associated with certain contagious diseases such as syphilis.
** 1942, Albert Camus, 'The Stranger' (a.k.a 'The Outsider'), Joseph Laredo translation, Ch.1:The nurse stood up and went towards the door. At that point the caretaker said to me, "It's a chancre she's got." I didn't understand, so I looked at the nurse and saw that she had a bandage round her head just below the eyes. Where her nose should have been, the bandage was flat. Her face seemed to be nothing but a white bandage.

#### Derived terms

* chancre mechanic
* chancriform
* chancroid
* soft chancre

#### Related terms

* canker

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* chancer

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French chancre, from Old French chancre, inherited from Latin cancrum, from Proto-Italic *kankros, dissimilation of *karkros (“enclosure”) (because the pincers of a crab form a circle), from Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (“circular”), reduplication of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of cancer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃɑ̃kʁ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

chancre m (plural chancres)
* (obsolete) lobster, crab
* (medicine) canker, chancre

#### Related terms

* cancer
* cancre

#### Descendants

* → English: chancre

### Further reading

* “chancre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French chancre, from Latin cancer, cancrum.

### Noun

chancre m (plural chancres)
* cancer (cancerous cell mutation)

#### Descendants

* French: chancre
** → English: chancre
* Norman: chancre

## Norman
### Etymology

From Old French chancre, from Latin cancer.

### Noun

chancre m (plural chancres)
* (Jersey, pathology) tumour, verruca; syphilis
* (Jersey) Guernsey crab

#### Synonyms

* (Guernsey crab): houais

#### Derived terms

* chancreux (“cancerous”)
# temprano
## Italian
### Verb

temprano
* third-person plural present indicative of temprare

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin temporānus, variant of Latin temporāneus. Cognate with Portuguese temporão and Galician temperán.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /temˈpɾano/ [t̪ẽmˈpɾa.no]
* Rhymes: -ano
* Syllabification: tem‧pra‧no

### Adjective

temprano (feminine temprana, masculine plural tempranos, feminine plural tempranas, superlative tempranísimo)
* early
    Antonym: tarde

#### Derived terms

* tempranillo
* tempranito

### Adverb

temprano
* early, early on
    Antonym: tarde

#### Derived terms

* bien temprano (“very early; bright and early”)
* edad temprana
* más tarde o más temprano
* más temprano que tarde (“sooner rather than later”)
* tarde o temprano

### Further reading

* “temprano”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# cubismo
## Italian
### Noun

cubismo m (plural cubismi)
* cubism

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From French cubisme, from Latin cubus (“mass, quantity”), from Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos, “cube, square”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kuˈbiz.mu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /kuˈbiz.mu/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /kuˈbiʒ.mu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /kuˈbiz.mo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kuˈbiʒ.mu/ [kuˈβiʒ.mu]

### Noun

cubismo m (uncountable)
* cubism (an artistic movement characterized by the depiction of natural forms as geometric structures of planes)

#### Related terms

* cubo, cubatura, cúbico, cubista

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French cubisme, from cube (“cube”). By surface analysis, cubo (“cube”) +‎ -ismo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuˈbismo/ [kuˈβ̞iz.mo]
* Rhymes: -ismo
* Syllabification: cu‧bis‧mo

### Noun

cubismo m (uncountable)
* cubism

#### Related terms

* cubista

### Further reading

* “cubismo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10