OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# masak
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈmasaʔ/ [ˈma.saʔ]
* Rhymes: -asaʔ
* Syllabification: ma‧sak

### Etymology 1

From Malay masak, from Proto-Malayic *masak.

#### Adjective

masak
* cooked, done
* ripe
    Synonym: matang
* (figurative) done
* thoroughly, vigorously, maturely
    Synonym: matang

#### Verb

masak
* (colloquial) to cook

#### Derived terms

* bermasak-masak
* kemasakan
* masak-masak
* masak-memasak
* masakan
* memasak
* memasak-masak
* memasakkan
* pemasak
* pemasakan
* masak air
* masak ajar
* masak akal
* masak besar
* masak dini
* masak kelamin
* masak lambat
* masak lum
* masak masai
* masak niat
* masak pote
* masak sekolah
* masak tangan
* masak timbangan

### Etymology 2
#### Adverb

masak
* Alternative spelling of masa

### Further reading

* “masak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *masak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-esak (“cooked, ripe”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /masak/
* Rhymes: -asak, -sak, -ak
* (Johor-Riau) IPA: [mäsäʔ]
* Rhymes: -aʔ

### Verb

masak (Jawi spelling ماسق)
* (transitive) to cook (prepare (food) for eating)
    Synonyms: tanak, jerang
* (transitive) to boil, to seethe (of water)
    Synonym: jerang

#### Derived terms

* dimasak
* masakan
* memasak
* pemasak
* tukang masak

### Adjective

masak (Jawi spelling ماسق)
* cooked
* ripe

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: masak

### Further reading

* “masak” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
* Austronesian Comparative Dictionary - *esak

## Mokilese
### Verb

masak
* (stative) to be hard

#### References

* Harrison, Sheldon P., Mokilese-English Dictionary, University of Hawaii Press 1977
# हलक़ा
## Hindi
### Alternative forms

* हल्क़ा (halqā)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian حلقه (halqa), from Arabic حَلْقَة (ḥalqa).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɦəl.qɑː/, [ɦɐl.qäː], /ɦəl.kɑː/, [ɦɐl.käː]

### Noun

हलक़ा • (halqā) m (Urdu spelling حلقہ)
* circle
    सियासी हलक़े ― siyāsī halqe ― political circles
* ring, hoop, loop
* company or group (as of people)
* an area delimited by a boundary line; zone, region, area
    Synonyms: अंचल (añcal), ज़ोन (zon), इलाक़ा (ilāqā), क्षेत्र (kṣetra)
* (law, Jammu-Kashmir) an area comprising a village or contiguous number of villages as may be determined by the election authority

#### Derived terms

* हल्का पंचायत (halkā pañcāyat)

#### Descendants

→ English: halqa

### References

* ↑ THE JAMMU AND KASHMIR PANCHAYATI RAJ ACT‎, 1989
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “halqā”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
# Naturkundler
## German
### Etymology

From Naturkunde (“natural history”) +‎ -ler.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [naˈtuːɐ̯ˌkʊndlɐ]
* Hyphenation: Na‧tur‧kund‧ler

### Noun

Naturkundler m (strong, genitive Naturkundlers, plural Naturkundler, feminine Naturkundlerin)
* naturalist (expert in natural history)
    Synonyms: Naturgeschichtler, Naturforscher, (rare) Naturalist

#### Related terms

* Naturkunde
* naturkundig
* naturkundlich
# zaniedbywać
## Polish
### Etymology

From zaniedbać +‎ -ywać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /za.ɲɛˈdbɘ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: za‧nie‧dby‧wać

### Verb

zaniedbywać impf (perfective zaniedbać)
* (transitive) to neglect (to fail to care for)
* (reflexive with się) to let oneself go (to cease to care about one's appearance)

#### Related terms

* zaniedbany
* zaniedbanie

### Further reading

* zaniedbywać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zaniedbywać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# replikant
## Polish
### Etymology

Internationalism; compare English replicant, French réplicant, German Replikant, ultimately from Latin replicāns.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɛˈpli.kant/
* Rhymes: -ikant
* Syllabification: re‧pli‧kant

### Noun

replikant m pers
* (science fiction) replicant (robot or artificial being that is an exact copy of a genuine lifeform, especially a human)
    Hypernym: android

#### Related terms

* replika
* replikacja
* replikator
* replikować impf

### Further reading

* replikant in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# literal theonymy
## English
### Noun

literal theonymy (uncountable)
* The naming of a person with a divine name, such as the use of Jesus as a given name in Mexico and Central America.
** 2000, Robert Parker, “Theophoric Names and the History of Greek Religion”, in Simon Hornblower, Elaine Matthews, editors, Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence (Proceedings of the British Academy; 104), Oxford, Oxfordshire: [F]or the British Academy by Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 57:When H[ans] Meyersahm, in a dissertation of 1891, studied literal theonymy, the giving to humans of unadjusted divine names, he felt able to declare that the practice first emerged in the first century ad.
** 2006, Emma Stafford, “Tibullus’ Nemesis: Divine Retribution and the Poet”, in Joan Booth, Robert Maltby, editors, What’s in a Name?: The Significance of Proper Names in Classical Latin Literature, Swansea: The Classical Press of Wales, →ISBN, page 34:There are a few instances of mortals called Artemis or Hermes, but such literal theonymy is relatively rare, and mostly dates from the first century ad or later.
** 2009, Pia Guldager Bilde, “Quantifying Black Sea Artemis: Some Methodological Reflections”, in Tobias Fischer-Hansen, Birte Poulsen, editors, From Artemis to Diana: The Goddess of Man and Beast (Danish Studies in Classical Archaeology, Acta Hyperborea; 12), Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, →ISBN, section II (Artemis – Regional Aspects), page 323:As is evident from Fig. 8, female theophoric names on Artemi- are quite uncommon and literal theonymy, where the personal name is same as the name of the deity, is extremely rare.
# Muire
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish Maire, from Latin Maria, from Ancient Greek Μαρία (María), Μαριάμ (Mariám), from Aramaic מַרְיָם (maryām) or Hebrew מִרְיָם (miryām). Doublet of Máire (the girl’s name Mary and the name of the other biblical Marys).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmˠɪɾʲə/

### Proper noun

Muire f (genitive Mhuire)
* (biblical) Mary (mother of Jesus)

#### Derived terms

* an Mhaighdean Mhuire
* coinnle Muire
* coinnleoir Muire
* Dia's Muire dhuit
* dréimire Mhuire
* feochadán Muire
* muise!

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 Muire”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “Muire”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Scottish Gaelic
### Proper noun

Muire f
* (biblical) Alternative form of Moire
# vymaštěný
## Czech
### Etymology

From vymastit +‎ -ený.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɪmaʃcɛniː]

### Adjective

vymaštěný (adverb vymaštěně)
* greased
    vymaštěný plech ― greased tray
* (informal) stupid
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:hloupý

#### Derived terms

* vymaštěnec

### Further reading

* “vymaštěný”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “vymaštěný”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# 𗈘

| 𗈘 | U+17218, &#94744; TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-17218 |
| ← 𗈗 [U+17217] | Tangut | 𗈙 → [U+17219] |

## Tangut
### Pronunciation

* (Li Fanwen 2008): *xwẽ²
* (Miyake 2019): *²hwin₁
* (Kychanov 2006): *xwen²
* (Sofronov 1968): *xwen²

### Definitions

𗈘 (radical 𘠛+12, 14 strokes, composition ⿱𘠛⿰𘤃𘨱)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 𗈘𗶍 (*xwẽ² be̱²)

### References

* 𗙏𘙰 [*ɣiẹ² lew², Tóngyīn / Homophones] (in Tangut), 12th c.:
   * A edition: folio 43A, column 6, character 1
   * B edition: folio 43B, column 7, character 8
* Li Fanwen (2012) 簡明夏漢字典 [Concise Xia-Han Dictionary] (in Chinese), revised edition, character 1202
* Miyake, Marc (2019) “Tangut Phonetic Database 4.0”, in amritas.com
* Kychanov, Yevgeny (2006) Словарь тангутского (Си Ся) языка [Slovarʹ tangutskovo (Si Sja) jazyka, Dictionary of the Tangut (Xi Xia) Language] (in Russian), character 4903-0
* Sofronov, Mikhail Viktorovich (1968) Грамматика тангутского языка [Grammatika tangutskovo jazyka, Grammar of the Tangut Language] (in Russian), character 4551
# vyvlastňovatel
## Czech
### Etymology

From vyvlastňovat +‎ -tel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɪvlastɲovatɛl]
* Rhymes: -atɛl

### Noun

vyvlastňovatel m anim (female equivalent vyvlastňovatelka)
* expropriator

#### Related terms

* vyvlastnit
# Wedgwood
## English
### Etymology

From Old English wice (“wych elm”) + wudu (“wood”).

### Proper noun

Wedgwood
* An English habitational surname from a place in Staffordshire.
* (ceramics) The ceramic ware with white embossed cameos made by Josiah Wedgwood, English potter.

#### Derived terms

* Wedgwood blue
* Wedgwood green
* Wedgwoodian

#### See also

* jasperware
# cuático
## Spanish
### Etymology

From coa, a Chilean lower class and gangster argot.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkwatiko/ [ˈkwa.t̪i.ko]
* Rhymes: -atiko
* Syllabification: cuá‧ti‧co

### Adjective

cuático (feminine cuática, masculine plural cuáticos, feminine plural cuáticas)
* (Chile, colloquial) exaggerated, scandalous
    Synonyms: exagerado, escandaloso
* (Chile, colloquial) curious, rare
    Synonyms: curioso, raro
* (Chile, colloquial) a pretentious, annoying, and contemptuous, snob

#### Related terms

* cuática
* cuatiquismo

### Further reading

* “cuático”, in Diccionario de americanismos [Dictionary of Americanisms] (in Spanish), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language [Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española], 2010
# pożegnać
## Polish
### Etymology

From po- +‎ żegnać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔˈʐɛɡ.nat͡ɕ/
* Audio 1; “pożegnać”:(file)
* Audio 2; “pożegnać się”:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛɡnat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: po‧żeg‧nać

### Verb

pożegnać pf (imperfective żegnać)
* (transitive) to bid farewell, to bid goodbye
* (reflexive with się) to take one's leave
* (reflexive with się) to kiss goodbye to, to forfeit [with z (+ instrumental) ‘something’]
* (reflexive with się) to let go, to dismiss, to fire [with z (+ instrumental) ‘someone’]

#### Derived terms

* pożegnalny

### Further reading

* pożegnać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* pożegnać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# deej
## Scots

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

deej (uncountable)
* (derogatory, slang) A child with special needs; by extension, a person of low intelligence or having the appearance of a person with special needs.
* (derogatory) Someone who is deemed to be a failure by their peers.
* (derogatory) Used in similar manner to the Scots word glaikit.
# bolcar
## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *volvicāre, from Latin volvere.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [bulˈka]
* IPA: (Balearic) [bolˈka]
* IPA: (Valencia) [bolˈkaɾ]

### Verb

bolcar (first-person singular present bolco, first-person singular preterite bolquí, past participle bolcat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /o/
* to overturn
* to put diapers on a baby
* (reflexive) to gather for a cause

#### Derived terms

* bolcall
* bolquer
* bolquet
* embolcar

### Further reading

* “bolcar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “bolcar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “bolcar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “bolcar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
# pateta
## French
### Pronunciation

* Homophones: patetas, patetât

### Verb

pateta
* third-person singular past historic of pateter

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Perhaps borrowed from Spanish pateta, from pata.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /paˈtɛ.tɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /paˈtɛ.tɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /paˈtɛ.ta/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɐˈtɛ.tɐ/
* Rhymes: -ɛtɐ
* Hyphenation: pa‧te‧ta

### Noun

pateta m or f by sense (plural patetas)
* fool
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:idiota
* dimwit, dummy

#### Derived terms

* patetar

### Adjective

pateta m or f (plural patetas)
* silly, goofy
* stupid
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:idiota

### Further reading

* “pateta”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “pateta”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
# adenomyoma
## English
### Etymology

From adeno- +‎ myoma.

### Noun

adenomyoma (plural adenomyomas or adenomyomata)
* A complex tumor including components derived from glands and muscle.

#### Derived terms

* adenomyomatosis

#### Related terms

* adenomyosis
# pythagorejský
## Czech
### Etymology

Pythagoras

### Adjective

pythagorejský
* Pythagorean

#### Related terms

* pythagoreismus
* pythagorejec

### Further reading

* “pythagorejský”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “pythagorejský”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# consumado
## Portuguese
### Etymology

Doublet of consommé.

### Participle

consumado (feminine consumada, masculine plural consumados, feminine plural consumadas)
* past participle of consumar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /konsuˈmado/ [kõn.suˈma.ð̞o]
* Rhymes: -ado
* Syllabification: con‧su‧ma‧do

### Adjective

consumado (feminine consumada, masculine plural consumados, feminine plural consumadas)
* consummate; perfect
    Hypernym: cumplido
** 1569, “Juan 19”, in Biblia Reina-Valera‎, published 1909:Y como Jesús tomó el vinagre, dijo: Consumado es. Y habiendo inclinado la cabeza, dió el espíritu.When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (of a person, regarding their professional ability) excellent, peerless

#### Derived terms

* cuarzo ahumado
* hecho consumado

### Participle

consumado (feminine consumada, masculine plural consumados, feminine plural consumadas)
* past participle of consumar

### Further reading

* “consumado”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# hiperónimo
## Galician
### Etymology

From hiper- +‎ -ónimo.

### Noun

hiperónimo m (plural hiperónimos)
* (semantics) hypernym, hyperonym
    Antonym: hipónimo

#### Derived terms

* hiperonimia

### Further reading

* “hiperónimo”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* hiperônimo (Brazil)

### Etymology

From hiper- +‎ -ónimo.

### Pronunciation

* (Portugal) IPA: /ˌi.pɛɾˈɔ.ni.mu/
* Hyphenation: hi‧pe‧ró‧ni‧mo

### Noun

hiperónimo m (plural hiperónimos) (European Portuguese spelling)
* (semantics) hypernym, hyperonym (superordinate term)
    Antonym: hipónimo

#### Derived terms

* hiperonímia

### Further reading

* “hiperónimo”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
* “hiperónimo”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
* “hiperónimo”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From hiper- +‎ -ónimo.

### Noun

hiperónimo m (plural hiperónimos)
* (semantics) hypernym, hyperonym
    Synonym: término paraguas
    Antonym: hipónimo

#### Derived terms

* hiperonimia

### Further reading

* “hiperónimo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# לה״ו
## Hebrew
### Etymology

Abbreviation of ליהוה הארץ ומלואה from Psalms 24:1.

### Phrase

לה״ו • (transliteration needed)
* (Judaism) The universe and all in it is God’s.

#### Usage notes

* Often used before a claim of ownership, as a disclaimer. E.g., one might write inside a book cover לה״ו, followed by his own name.

### Anagrams

* לוה
# itina
## Kikuyu
### Etymology 1

Hinde (1904) records itina as an equivalent of English buttocks in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ìtìnáꜜ/
    As for Tonal Class, Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 3 with a disyllabic stem, together with kĩhaato, mbembe, kiugo, and so on.
* (Kiambu)
   * (Limuru) As for Tonal Class, Yukawa (1981) classifies this term into a group including bũrũri (pl. mabũrũri), ikara, ikinya, itimũ, kanitha (pl. makanitha), kiugo, kĩhaato, maguta, mũgeka, mũkonyo, mũrata, mwana, mbembe, mbũri, nyaga, riitho, riũa, rũrĩmĩ (pl. nĩmĩ), ũhoro (pl. mohoro), and so on.

#### Noun

itina class 5 (plural matina)
* buttocks
    Synonyms: ndina, njikarĩro

##### Derived terms

(Proverbs)
* indo ciene inoragia mũndũ itina rĩmwe

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ìtínáꜜ/

#### Noun

itina class 8
* plural of gĩtina

### References

* ↑ Hinde, Hildegarde (1904). Vocabularies of the Kamba and Kikuyu languages of East Africa, pp. 10–11. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* ↑ Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.
* “itina” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary, p. 449. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish اعتنا (iʿtinā, “a giving serious attention, care, attention, importance”), from Arabic اِعْتِنَاء (iʕtināʔ), verbal noun of اِعْتَنَى (iʕtanā, “to look after, to take care, to nurse”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iːtiˈnaː/
* Hyphenation: i‧ti‧na

### Noun

itina (definite accusative itinayı, plural itinalar)
* Attention and care given to a task at hand; pains.
    Synonyms: özen, özenme, (dated) ihtimam

#### Derived terms

* itina etmek
* itinalı
* itinasız

#### Related terms

* inayet
* mana
* manen
* manevi
* mani
* manidar
* mutena
* unvan
* yani

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اعتنا”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 141
* ↑ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “اعتنا”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 110
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “itina”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “itina”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “itina”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2267
# pábitel
## Czech
### Etymology

From pábit +‎ -tel. Coined by Bohumil Hrabal in his book Pábitelé.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpaːbɪtɛl]
* Rhymes: -ɪtɛl
* Hyphenation: pá‧bi‧tel

### Noun

pábitel m anim
* (rare) a person seemingly uncouth but at the same time dreamer not distinguishing between fantasy and reality, looking for beauty in everyday life [since 20th c.]
** 2018 January 15, Jakub Kvasnička, “Zemřel bývalý novinář TÝDNE Vojtěch Varyš. Král života”, in Týden.cz‎:Vojta byl pábitel, miloval život.Vojta was a pábitel, he loved life. [obituary "Former Týden journalist Vojtěch Varyš has died. A king of life"

#### Derived terms

* pábitelský
* pábitelův

### Further reading

* “pábitel”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
# фапати
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From English fap (verb) +‎ -ати (-aty, verb-forming suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfapɐte]
* Rhymes: -apɐte
* Hyphenation: фа‧па‧ти

### Verb

фа́пати • (fápaty) impf (perfective пофа́пати)
* (intransitive, neologism, chiefly Internet slang) to fap, to masturbate [with на (na, + accusative) ‘to’]
    Synonym: дрочи́ти (dročýty)
    фа́пати щодня́ ― fápaty ščodnjá ― to fap every day
    На що ти зазви́ча́й фа́паєш? ― Na ščo ty zazvýčáj fápaješ? ― What do you usually fap to?

#### Derived terms

* фа́пання n (fápannja)
# loof
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːf

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle English love, lufe, lofe, luf (“palm of the hand”), from Old Norse lōfi, from Proto-Germanic *lōfô (“palm of the hand; paw; oar blade, paddle”).

#### Noun

loof (plural loofs)
* (anatomy, now chiefly dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) The palm of the hand.
* (anatomy, now chiefly dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) The hand, especially, the hand outspread and upturned.

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle English lof (“a contrivance for altering a ship's course, paddle, oar”), from Middle Dutch loef (“an oar or paddle used in steering”), ultimately of the same origin as Etymology 1. Compare luff.

#### Noun

loof (plural loofs)
* (nautical, obsolete) A contrivance (apparently a paddle or an oar) used for altering the course of a ship.
* (nautical) The after part of the bow of a ship where the sides begin to curve.

### Etymology 3

From Egyptian Arabic لُوف (lūf).

#### Noun

loof (uncountable)
* The spongy fibers of the fruit of a cucurbitaceous plant (Luffa aegyptiaca).

##### Related terms

* loofah

### Anagrams

* Fool, floo, fool, Olof

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /loːf/
* Hyphenation: loof
* Rhymes: -oːf

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch lôof, from Old Dutch *lōf, from Proto-West Germanic *laub, from Proto-Germanic *laubą.

#### Noun

loof n (uncountable)
* foliage

##### Derived terms

* dakloof
* dubbelloof
* groenlof
* huisloof
* loofboom
* loofbos
* loofhut
* witlof

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

loof
* inflection of loven:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch *lōf, from Proto-West Germanic *laub, from Proto-Germanic *laubą.

### Noun

lôof n
* leaf
* foliage, leaves

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Descendants

* Dutch: loof
** Afrikaans: lof
* Limburgish: louf

### Further reading

* “loof”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “loof (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## Middle English
### Noun

loof
* Alternative form of lof (“loaf”)
# 𗄉

| 𗄉 | U+17109, &#94473; TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-17109 |
| ← 𗄈 [U+17108] | Tangut | 𗄊 → [U+1710A] |

## Tangut
### Pronunciation

* (Li Fanwen 2008): *źji²
* (Miyake 2019): *²zi₄
* (Kychanov 2006): *źi²
* (Sofronov 1968): *z̀i²
* (Nishida 1966): *ʁi²

### Definitions

𗄉 (radical 𘠊+9, 11 strokes, composition ⿱𘠊⿰𘡸𘤎)
* Transliteration of Middle Chinese 席 (/ziᴇk̚/).

#### Compounds

* 𗘼𗄉 (*gju̱¹ źji²)

### References

* 𗙏𘙰 [*ɣiẹ² lew², Tóngyīn / Homophones] (in Tangut), 12th c.:
   * A edition: folio 47B, column 1, character 1
   * B edition: folio 47B, column 6, character 7
* Li Fanwen (2012) 簡明夏漢字典 [Concise Xia-Han Dictionary] (in Chinese), revised edition, character 0049
* Miyake, Marc (2019) “Tangut Phonetic Database 4.0”, in amritas.com
* Kychanov, Yevgeny (2006) Словарь тангутского (Си Ся) языка [Slovarʹ tangutskovo (Si Sja) jazyka, Dictionary of the Tangut (Xi Xia) Language] (in Russian), character 2526-0
* Sofronov, Mikhail Viktorovich (1968) Грамматика тангутского языка [Grammatika tangutskovo jazyka, Grammar of the Tangut Language] (in Russian), character 0005
* Nishida, Tatsuo (1966) 西夏文小字典 [Little Dictionary of Tangut] (in Japanese), character 4-083
# Kamionka
## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈmjɔn.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔnka
* Syllabification: Ka‧mion‧ka
* Homophone: kamionka

### Proper noun

Kamionka f
* Kamionka (a town in the Lublin Voivodeship, Poland)
* Camenca (a town in Moldova)

#### Derived terms

* kamionecki
* kamionczanin
* kamionczanka

### Further reading

* Kamionka in Polish dictionaries at PWN