# 茗

| 茗 | U+8317, &#33559; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8317 |
| ← 茖 [U+8316] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 茘 → [U+8318] |

## Translingual
### Han character

茗 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿弓戈口 (TNIR), four-corner 4460$_7$, composition ⿱艹名)

#### Derived characters

* 𨪓

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1027, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30864
* Dae Jaweon: page 1486, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3208, character 1
* Unihan data for U+8317

## Chinese

* 茗

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 名 | *meŋ |
| 洺 | *meŋ |
| 眳 | *meŋʔ, *meːŋʔ |
| 詺 | *meŋs |
| 銘 | *meːŋ |
| 茗 | *meːŋʔ |
| 酩 | *meːŋʔ |
| 姳 | *meːŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *meːŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 名 (OC *meŋ).

### Etymology

A late word; earliest extant attestation is in Shuowen Jiezi (c. C.E. 100).
Likely from Austroasiatic. Compare Palaungic မျံမ် (miəm), Danau miːn$^2$, Lamet mɪːŋ, Mlabri miʌŋ, Mal mhiaŋ, Nyah Kur mìəm, Thai เมี่ยง (mîiang), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩮᩥ᩠᩶ᨿᨦ, Lao ໝ້ຽງ (mīang).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): míng, mǐng
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ, ㄇㄧㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ming$^5$ / ming$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ming$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bêng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: míng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: míng
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^2$
*** Yale: míng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ming
*** Palladius: мин (min)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǐng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǐng
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^3$
*** Yale: mǐng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miing
*** Palladius: мин (min)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ming$^5$ / ming$^4$
*** Yale: míhng / mìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ming$^5$ / ming$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ming$^5$ / ming$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɪŋ¹³/, /mɪŋ²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ming$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng
*** Tâi-lô: bîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: beeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: mengX
Rime :
| Character | 茗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 莫迥切 |
| Baxter | mengX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /meŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /meŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɛŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mɛjŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /meŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mieŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mieŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǐng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ming$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*meːŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 茗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9183 |
| Phonetic component | 名 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 茗 |
| Old Chinese | /*meːŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

茗
* tea buds
* late-picked tea
* (in general) tea plant
* tea (drink)
* Alternative form of 酩 (mǐng)
* a surname

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 茶, 檟, 蔎, 茗, 荈 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 茶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 茶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 茶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 茶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 茶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 茶 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 茶 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 茶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 茶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 茶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 茶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 茶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 茶, 茶葉茶 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 茶 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 茶 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 茶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 茶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 茶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 茶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 茶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 茶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 茶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 茶, 茶葉茶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 茶葉茶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 夷茶 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 茶葉茶 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 茶葉茶 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 茶 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 茶 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 茶, 茶葉茶 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 茶 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 茶 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 茶 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 茶 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 茶 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 茶 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 茶 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 茶 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 茶 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 茶 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 茶 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 茶 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 茶 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 茶 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 茶 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 茶葉茶 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 茶 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 茶 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 茶 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 茶 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 茶 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 茶 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 茶 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 茶 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 茶 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 茶 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 茶 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 茶 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 茶 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 茶葉茶 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 茶葉茶 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 茶, 茶葉茶 |
| Wu | Danyang | 茶, 茶葉茶 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 茶 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 茶, 茶葉茶 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 茶, 茶葉茶 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 茶 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 茶, 茶葉茶 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 茶 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 茶 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 茶, 開水 |

### Compounds

* 佳茗
* 品茗 (pǐnmíng)
* 啜茗 (chuòmíng)
* 敲冰煮茗
* 杯茗 (bēimíng)
* 烹茗
* 煮茗
* 耶悉茗
* 茗具
* 茗器
* 茗圃
* 茗坊
* 茗戰 / 茗战
* 茗茶 (míngchá)

### References

* “茗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “茗”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 159.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* tea, the tea plant

#### Readings

* Go-on: みょう (myō)
* Kan-on: めい (mei)
* Kun: ちゃ (cha, 茗)

#### Compounds

* 茗荷(みょうが) (myōga): myoga or Japanese ginger (Zingiber mioga); a dimwit, an idiot, a stupid person; a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”)
* 耶悉茗(じゃすみん) (jasumin): jasumin is a jasmine flower.

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 茗
* めい Hyōgai
* on'yomi
/mjau/ → /mjɔː/ → /mjoː/
From Middle Chinese 茗 (MC mengX).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) めー [méꜜè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [me̞ː]

### Noun

茗(めい) • (mei)
* tea, especially tea picked later in the season

#### Synonyms

* 茶(ちゃ) (cha) (especially tea picked earlier in the season)

#### Derived terms

* 新茗(しんめい) (shinmei): newly-sprouted leaves of tea, tea made from newly-sprouted leaves of tea
* 苦茗(くめい) (kumei): bitter tea
* 茗器(めいき) (meiki): teaware
* 茗園(めいえん) (meien): tea plantation
* 茗醼(めいえん) (meien), 茗宴(めいえん) (meien): tea party

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

茗 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

茗: Hán Việt readings: dính, minh
茗: Nôm readings: dính, rểnh, tranh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn (2014).
* ↑ Trần (2004).