# καταλύω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From κατα- (kata-, intensifying prefix) +‎ λῡ́ω (lū́ō, “loosen”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.ta.ly̌ː.ɔː/ → /ka.taˈly.o/ → /ka.taˈli.o/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ka.ta.ly̌ː.ɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ka.taˈly.o/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ka.taˈly.o/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ka.taˈly.o/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ka.taˈli.o/

### Verb

κᾰτᾰλῡ́ω • (kătălū́ō)
* to loosen, unbind
* to unyoke, unharness
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.28:ἄλλ' εἴπ', ἤ σφωϊν καταλύσομεν ὠκέας ἵππουςáll' eíp', ḗ sphōïn katalúsomen ōkéas híppousbut, tell us, shall we unharness their fast horses?
* to take down something hung or someone hanged
** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Aphorisms :τῶν ἀπαγχομένων καὶ καταλυομένων, μηδέπω δὲ τεθνηκότων ...tôn apankhoménōn kaì kataluoménōn, mēdépō dè tethnēkótōn ...about those who were hanged and taken down but have not died
* to destroy
** 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, On the Team of Horses 40.8–9:καὶ τὴν ὑμετέραν καταλῦσαι δύναμινkaì tḕn humetéran katalûsai dúnaminto destroy your (city's) might
* to abolish, do away with
** 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Against Lochites 10.2–4:αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἡμεῖς δίς ἤδη τὴν δημοκρατίαν ἐπείδομεν καταλυθεῖσαν καὶ δίς τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἀπεστερήθημενautoì gàr hēmeîs dís ḗdē tḕn dēmokratían epeídomen katalutheîsan kaì dís tês eleutherías apesterḗthēmentwice we ourselves have already seen our democracy abolished and twice we have lost our freedom
* to deprive someone of their authority
** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Timoleon 39.5:τοὺς τυράννους καταλύσας, καὶ τοὺς βαρβάρους καταπολεμήσαςtoùs turánnous katalúsas, kaì toùs barbárous katapolemḗsashaving overthrown the tyrants and fought the barbarians
* to put an end to
    καταλῦσαι τὸν βίον ― katalûsai tòn bíon ― to die (literally, “to put an end to life”)
* to stay somewhere for one night, seek shelter
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.136):(Θεμιστοκλῆς) ἀναγκάζεται κατά τι ἄπορον παρὰ Ἄδμητον τὸν Μολοσσῶν βασιλέα ὄντα αὐτῷ οὐ φίλον καταλῦσαι(Themistoklês) anankázetai katá ti áporon parà Ádmēton tòn Molossôn basiléa ónta autôi ou phílon katalûsai(Themistocles) being in a difficult position had to seek shelter from Admetos, the king of Molossi, though the latter was not a friend of his

#### Derived terms

* κατάλυμα (katáluma)
* καταλύσιμος (katalúsimos)
* κατάλυσις (katálusis)
* καταλυτέος (katalutéos)
* καταλυτήρ (katalutḗr)
* καταλυτήριον (katalutḗrion)
* καταλυτής (katalutḗs)
* καταλύτης (katalútēs)
* καταλυτικός (katalutikós)

### Further reading

* “καταλύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “καταλύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “καταλύω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* καταλύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* καταλύω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* G2647 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* καταλύω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

## Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek καταλύω (katalúō). Morphologically, from κατα- (“fully”) +‎ λύω (“unbind, loosen”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kataˈlio/
* Hyphenation: κα‧τα‧λύ‧ω

### Verb

καταλύω • (katalýo) (past κατέλυσα, passive καταλύομαι)
* to abolish, break down
* to stay (usually for one night)
* (chemistry) to catalyze
* (religion) to break one's fast (resume normal diet after fasting)

#### Derived terms

* κατάλυμα n (katályma, “shelter”)
* κατάλυση f (katálysi, “catalysis; destruction; seek shelter”)
* καταλύτης m (katalýtis, “catalyst”)
* καταλυτής m (katalytís, “destroyer”)
* καταλυτικός (katalytikós, “catalytic, catalyze”)