# उत्तम
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उत्तम (uttama).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʊt̪.t̪əm/, [ʊt̪̚.t̪ɐ̃m]

### Adjective

उत्तम • (uttam) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling اتم)
* (literary, formal) good, great (useful for a particular purpose)
    Synonym: अच्छा (acchā)
    यह उत्तम घड़ी है। ― yah uttam ghaṛī hai. ― This is a good watch.
    अति उत्तम ― ati uttam ― very good

#### Derived terms

* उत्तमता (uttamtā)

## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘄𑘝𑘿𑘝𑘦 (uttama), from Sanskrit उत्तम (uttama).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ut̪.t̪əm/

### Adjective

उत्तम • (uttam) (indeclinable)
* great, excellent
    Synonym: उत्कृष्ट (utkŕṣṭa)
    कार्यक्रमाचे आयोजन उत्तम होते.kāryakramāce āyojan uttam hote.The organisation of the event was excellent.
* (rare) first, chief
    Synonyms: प्रथम (pratham), पहिले (pahile)

### Adverb

उत्तम • (uttam)
* very well

### References

* Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “उत्तम”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “उत्तम”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “उत्तम”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* uttama (Latin script)
* 𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫 (Brahmi script)
* উত্তম (Bengali script)
* උත‍්තම (Sinhalese script)
* ဥတ္တမ or ဢုတ္တမ or ဢုတ်တမ (Burmese script)
* อุตฺตม or อุตตะมะ (Thai script)
* ᩏᨲ᩠ᨲᨾ (Tai Tham script)
* ອຸຕ຺ຕມ or ອຸຕຕະມະ (Lao script)
* ឧត្តម (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄪𑄖𑄴𑄖𑄟 (Chakma script)

### Adjective

उत्तम
* Devanagari script form of uttama

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* উত্তম (Assamese script)
* ᬉᬢ᭄ᬢᬫ (Balinese script)
* উত্তম (Bengali script)
* 𑰄𑰝𑰿𑰝𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫 (Brahmi script)
* ဥတ္တမ (Burmese script)
* ઉત્તમ (Gujarati script)
* ਉਤ੍ਤਮ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌉𑌤𑍍𑌤𑌮 (Grantha script)
* ꦈꦠ꧀ꦠꦩ (Javanese script)
* 𑂇𑂞𑂹𑂞𑂧 (Kaithi script)
* ಉತ್ತಮ (Kannada script)
* ឧត្តម (Khmer script)
* ອຸຕ຺ຕມ (Lao script)
* ഉത്തമ (Malayalam script)
* ᡠᢠᢠᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘄𑘝𑘿𑘝𑘦 (Modi script)
* ᠤᢐᢐᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦤𑦽𑧠𑦽𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐄𑐟𑑂𑐟𑐩 (Newa script)
* ଉତ୍ତମ (Odia script)
* ꢆꢡ꣄ꢡꢪ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆇𑆠𑇀𑆠𑆩 (Sharada script)
* 𑖄𑖝𑖿𑖝𑖦 (Siddham script)
* උත‍්තම (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩒𑩫 𑪙𑩫𑩴 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚄𑚙𑚶𑚙𑚢 (Takri script)
* உத்தம (Tamil script)
* ఉత్తమ (Telugu script)
* อุตฺตม (Thai script)
* ཨུ་ཏྟ་མ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒅𑒞𑓂𑒞𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨃𑨙𑩇𑨙𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *uttamás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *utˢtamás, from Proto-Indo-European *úd-tm̥mós (“highest, uppermost”). Equivalent to उद्- (ud-) +‎ -तम (-tama). Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (ustəma).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ut.tɐ.mɐ́/, [ut̚.tɐ.mɐ́]
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈut̪.t̪ɐ.mɐ/, [ˈut̪̚.t̪ɐ.mɐ]

### Adjective

उत्तम • (uttamá) stem
* uppermost, highest, most elevated
* chief, principal, first, greatest
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.67.3:त्वं सु॑ष्वा॒णो अद्रि॑भिर॒भ्य॑र्ष॒ कनि॑क्रदत्। द्यु॒मन्तं॒ शुष्म॑मउत्त॒मम्॥tváṃ suṣvāṇó ádribhirabhyàrṣa kánikradat. dyumántaṃ śúṣmamauttamám.Do you when effused by the stones proceed resounding to the vessel; grant bright excellent strength.

#### Descendants

* Paisaci Prakrit:
** Punjabi: ਉੱਤੇ (utte, “on, above, over, upwards, atop”), from the locative
* → Hindi: उत्तम (uttam)
* → Kannada: ಉತ್ತಮ (uttama)
* → Malay: utama
* → Old Marathi: 𑘄𑘝𑘿𑘝𑘦 (uttama)
** Marathi: उत्तम (uttam)
* → Telugu: ఉత్తమ (uttama)