# 白金
## Chinese
### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “The wasei kango derivation only applies to the platinum sense. A fuller etymology is needed to describe 1) where and when this 白金 spelling first arose, and 2) how the senses developed and when they arose. Attested in English and Chinese Dictionary: With the Punti and Mandarin Pronunciation (1868).”

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): báijīn
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˊ ㄐㄧㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baak$^6$ gam$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pe̍h-kim / pe̍eh-kim
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: báijīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ ㄐㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: báijin
*** Wade–Giles: pai$^2$-chin$^1$
*** Yale: bái-jīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bairjin
*** Palladius: байцзинь (bajczinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baak$^6$ gam$^1$
*** Yale: baahk gām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baak$^9$ gam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bag$^6$ gem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːk̚² kɐm⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$白金 帛金
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍h-kim
*** Tâi-lô: pe̍h-kim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: peqkym
*** IPA (Taipei): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kim³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍eh-kim
*** Tâi-lô: pe̍eh-kim
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kim⁴⁴/

### Noun

白金
* (informal) platinum (metal)
** 1855 October 1, “熱氣理論：論長熱物”, in 遐邇貫珍 [Chinese Serial], volume III, number X:
       jyu$^4$ ci$^2$ mat$^6$ bun$^2$ jit$^6$ gaai$^1$ tung$^4$ jat$^1$ dou$^6$, joek$^6$ gaa$^1$ ji$^5$ jit$^6$ fan$^1$, zik$^1$ jau$^4$ seoi$^2$ dung$^3$ zi$^3$ seoi$^2$ fai$^3$ zi$^1$ jat$^1$ baak$^3$ baat$^3$ sap$^6$ dou$^6$, jyun$^4$ zi$^1$ so$^2$ coeng$^4$, dak$^1$ saam$^1$ baak$^3$ ng$^5$ sap$^6$ jat$^1$ fan$^1$ zi$^1$ jat$^1$, ngan$^4$ dak$^1$ ng$^5$ baak$^3$ ji$^6$ sap$^6$ sei$^3$ fan$^1$ zi$^1$ jat$^1$, wong$^4$ tung$^4$ dak$^1$ ng$^5$ baak$^3$ saam$^1$ sap$^6$ ji$^6$ fan$^1$ zi$^1$ jat$^1$, tung$^4$ dak$^1$ ng$^5$ baak$^3$ baat$^3$ sap$^6$ jat$^1$ fan$^1$ zi$^1$ jat$^1$, gam$^1$ dak$^1$ luk$^6$ baak$^3$ ling$^4$ ji$^6$ fan$^1$ zi$^1$ jat$^1$, tit$^3$ dak$^1$ baat$^3$ baak$^3$ jat$^1$ sap$^6$ gau$^2$ fan$^1$ zi$^1$ jat$^1$, baak$^6$ gam$^1$ dak$^1$ jat$^1$ cin$^1$ jat$^1$ baak$^3$ luk$^6$ sap$^6$ cat$^1$ fan$^1$ zi$^1$ jat$^1$, bo$^1$ lei$^{4-1}$ dak$^1$ jat$^1$ cin$^1$ ji$^6$ baak$^3$ sei$^3$ sap$^6$ baat$^3$ fan$^1$ zi$^1$ jat$^1$. [Jyutping]
       (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* white gold (alloy of gold)
* (archaic) silver (especially extracted, or used as a currency)
* (Singapore) money given as a gift of condolence at a funeral

#### Synonyms

* (platinum):
* 鉑 / 铂 (bó)
* 鉑金 / 铂金 (bójīn)
* (silver): 銀子／银子 (yínzi)

#### Derived terms

* 白金卡
* 白金婚 (báijīnhūn)
* 白金漢 / 白金汉 (Báijīnhàn)
* 白金漢宮 / 白金汉宫 (Báijīnhàn Gōng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 白金(はっきん) (hakkin)
* → Korean: 백금(白金) (baekgeum)
* → Vietnamese: bạch kim (白金)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 白 | 金 |
| はく > はっ Grade: 1 | きん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
Originally from Middle Chinese compound 白金 (MC baek kim, “white + metal”) in reference to silver. Consider 銀 (shirogane, older shirokane, “silver”, literally “white metal”), where shiro in isolation is spelled 白 and kane in isolation is spelled 金.
Repurposed by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1834 as a compound of 白 (haku, “white”) +‎ 金 (kin, “gold”), in reference to the metal's description as “white gold” in earlier scientific works, such as Dutch witgoud.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はっきん [hàkkíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠k̚ʲkʲĩɴ]

#### Noun

白(はっ)金(きん) • (hakkin)
* platinum (metal)
* (rare, possibly obsolete) silver, particularly silver powder used as a pigment

##### Usage notes

This reading hakkin is sometimes used erroneously to refer to white gold, due to one of the literal interpretations of the characters in the kanji spelling. The reading shirokin (see below) appears in some reference works with the meaning white gold, but the borrowed term ホワイトゴールド (howaito gōrudo) is much more common.

##### Synonyms

* (platinum): プラチナ (purachina)
* (silver): 銀(ぎん) (gin), 銀(しろがね) (shirogane)
* (silver powder): 銀(ぎん)粉(ぷん) (ginpun)

##### Descendants

* → Chinese: 白金 (báijīn)
* → Korean: 백금 (baekgeum)
* → Vietnamese: bạch kim

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 白 | 金 |
| しろ Grade: 1 | きん Grade: 1 |
| yutōyomi ||
Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”) +‎ 金 (kin, “gold”). The use of the kun'yomi for the first character and the on'yomi for the second character points to a more recent derivation.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕiɾo̞kʲĩɴ]

#### Noun

白(しろ)金(きん) • (shirokin)
* (rare, possibly proscribed) white gold

##### Synonyms

* ホワイトゴールド (howaito gōrudo) (much more common)
* 白(はく)色(しょく)金(きん) (hakushokukin)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
   * Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 白 | 金 |

### Noun

白金 • (baekgeum) (hangeul 백금)
* hanja form of 백금 (“platinum”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 白 | 金 |

### Noun

白金
* chữ Hán form of bạch kim (“(trading, otherwise dated) platinum”).