# rud
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹʌd/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌd

### Etymology 1

From Middle English rudden, ruden, from Old English rudian (“to be ruddy”) (compare rudu (“redness”)), from Proto-Germanic *rudāną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”); cognate with Old Cornish rud and Old Irish rúad). (Compare red).

#### Noun

rud (uncountable)
* redness; blush
* ruddle; red ochre

#### Verb

rud (third-person singular simple present ruds, present participle rudding, simple past and past participle rudded)
* (intransitive) To become red; redden.
* (obsolete, transitive) To make red.
** 1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Epithalamion”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC:Her cheekes lyke apples which the sun hath rudded

#### Related terms

* ruddy

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

rud (plural ruds)
* Alternative form of rudd (“fish”).
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “rud”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

### Anagrams

* Urd, Dur., DUR, dur, urd, Dru

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish rét.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ˈɾˠʌd̪ˠ/
* (Connacht) IPA: /ˈɾˠʊd̪ˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈɾˠʌd̪ˠ/, /ˈɾˠɨ̞d̪ˠ/

### Noun

rud m (genitive singular ruda, nominative plural rudaí)
* thing, object, affair (material object)

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
rud
rudaí
vocative
a rud
a rudaí
genitive
ruda
rudaí
dative
rud
rudaí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an rud
na rudaí
genitive
an ruda
na rudaí
dative
leis an rud don rud
leis na rudaí :

#### Synonyms

* ní
* (object): oibiacht, réad

#### Derived terms

* anrud (“great quantity or number; too much concern, excessive desire”)
* céard (“what”, interrogative)
* éard (“what”, relative)
* fo-rud (“odd, incidental thing”)
* rud beag (“a little, a bit”)
* Seán Ó Rudaí (“John Doe, John Citizen”)
* séard (“what”, relative)

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “rét”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 82, page 44
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 59, page 26
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 103, page 41

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “rud”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrut/
* Rhymes: -ut
* Syllabification: rud
* Homophone: ród

### Noun

rud
* genitive plural of ruda

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish rét.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rˠut̪/
* (Lewis) IPA: [rˠʊt̪]

### Noun

rud m (genitive singular ruid, plural rudan)
* thing

#### Derived terms

* a h-uile rud
* rudail
* rudeigin
* rud sam bith

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “rét”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “rud”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫdъ (Bulgarian руд (rud), Polish rędzy).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rûːd/

#### Adjective

rȗd (Cyrillic spelling ру̑д, definite rȗdī)
* curly, shaggy, locky

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rudъ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rûːd/

#### Adjective

rȗd (Cyrillic spelling ру̑д, definite rȗdī)
* reddish-brown, carroty, foxy

##### Declension
### References

* “rud”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “rud”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Swedish
### Noun

rud c
* (dated) Alternative form of ryd (“forest clearing”).