# час
## Belarusian
### Etymology

From Old East Slavic часъ (časŭ), from Proto-Slavic *časъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʂas]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

час • (čas) m inan (genitive ча́су, nominative plural часы́, genitive plural часо́ў, relational adjective часавы́)
* time
    Гэта толькі дарэмная трата часу. ― Heta tólʹki daremnaja trata času. ― It is a sheer waste of time.
    час году ― čas hódu ― season, time of year
* (grammar) tense
    будучы час ― budučy čas ― future tense
    мінулы час ― minuly čas ― past tense
    цяперашні час ― cjapjerašni čas ― present tense

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

### References

* “час” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

## Bulgarian
### Alternative forms

* часъ (čas) (Pre-reform orthography (1945))

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *časъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃa̟s]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

час • (čas) m (relational adjective ча́сов)
* hour (unit of time)
    по це́ли часове́ ― po céli časové ― over [a period of] many hours, for a long time
* o'clock
    двана́десет часа́ ― dvanádeset časá ― 12 o'clock
* time, hour (pinpointed instant in the day-night cycle)
    Колко е часът? ― Kolko e časǎt? ― What is the time?
* (poetic) suitable moment (to undertake something)
    настъ́пи заве́тният час ― nastǎ́pi zavétnijat čas ― the ultimate/conclusive moment has come
* (education) lesson, class, period

#### Usage notes

* Note the difference between два ча́са (dva čása, “two hours”) and два часа́ (dva časá, “two o'clock”).

#### Derived terms

* до час (do čas, “not for long, recently/soon”)
* за час (za čas) (colloquial), завча́с (zavčás, “quickly, rapidly”) (literally: “up to an hour”)
* на часа́ (na časá, “almost immediately, instantly”) (adverb)
* час по-скоро (čas po-skoro, “as soon as possible”)
* часо́вник (časóvnik, “watch, clock”)
** часовника́р (časovnikár, “watch-maker”)
* часово́й (časovój, “sentry”)

### References

* “час”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “час”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

### Anagrams

* сач (sač)

## Carpathian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic часъ (časŭ), from Proto-Slavic *časъ.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

час • (čas) m inan
* time
    даремна трата часу. ― daremna trata času. ― a sheer waste of time.
* (obsolete or poetic) hour

#### Declension
### References

* Kercha, Ihor (2012) “час”, in Словник русько-русинськый: у 2 т. [Russian-Rusyn Dictionary: in 2 vols] (overall work in Russian and Carpathian Rusyn), Uzhhorod: PoliPrint
* «Русиньскый язык» у світлі русинської лексики: ПЛЇШКОВА, A.: лексіколоґія і словотворїня русиньского языка. Пряшів 2015.

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *časъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃas]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

час • (čas) m
* hour
* time
* o'clock
    Колку е часот? - Три часот е. ― Kolku e časot? - Tri časot e. ― What time is it? - It's 3 o'clock.
    Автобусот за Скопје тргнува во 5 часот. ― Avtobusot za Skopje trgnuva vo 5 časot. ― The bus for Skopje leaves at 5 o'clock.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “час” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu
* “час” in Официјален дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Oficijalen digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) − makedonski.gov.mk (in Macedonian)
* час in Makedonisch Info (germansko-makedonski rečnik, makedonsko-germanski rečnik)

## Northern Altai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yāŕ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃas]
* Hyphenation: час

### Noun

час • (čas)
* spring

### References

Seasons in Northern Altai · (layout · text) · category :
| spring: час (čas) | summer: тьай (tʹay), дьай (dʹay), чай (čay), йай (yay) | autumn: кӱс (küs) | winter: кыш (kïš) |
* L. M. Tukmačev, editor (1995), “час”, in Kumandinsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Kumandy-Russian Dictionary], Biysk: Kandidat filologičeskix nauk, Izdatelʹstvo bijskij kotelʹščik, →ISBN

## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak čas, from Proto-Slavic *časъ. Cognates include Slovak čas and Carpathian Rusyn час (čas).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃas]
* Rhymes: -as
* Hyphenation: час

### Noun

час (čas) m inan (related adjective часови)
* time
* occasion

#### Declension
### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “час”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* часъ (čas) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic часъ (časŭ), from Proto-Slavic *časъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɕas]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -as

### Noun

час • (čas) m inan (genitive ча́са, nominative plural часы́, genitive plural часо́в, relational adjective часово́й, diminutive ча́сик or часо́к)
* (in the singular) hour, o'clock, time, time of day
    Кото́рый час? ― Kotóryj čas? ― What time is it?
    В кото́ром часу́? ― V kotórom časú? ― At what time?
    час ― čas ― one o’clock
    час но́чи ― čas nóči ― one a.m.
    в час ― v čas ― at one o’clock
    до ча́су ― do čásu ― until one o’clock
    оди́н час ― odín čas ― one hour
    два часа́ ― dva časá ― two o’clock; two hours
    в два часа́ ― v dva časá ― at two o’clock
* (in the plural) hours, o'clock
    пять часо́в ― pjatʹ časóv ― five o’clock; five hours
* (in the plural) clock, watch
    на мои́х часа́х ― na moíx časáx ― by my watch
    У моего́ бра́та не́сколько часо́в. ― U mojevó bráta néskolʹko časóv. ― My brother has several watches.
    Э́ти часы́ не иду́т. ― Éti časý ne idút. ― This clock/watch doesn’t work.
* (poetic) time, day
    Час распла́ты наста́л. ― Čas raspláty nastál. ― The day of reckoning has arrived.

#### Usage notes

* After numbers in the nominative/accusative case that govern genitive singular nouns (those ending in 2, 3 or 4, but not those ending in 12, 13 or 14), the stress of the genitive singular moves to the last syllable: два часа́ (dva časá), два́дцать три часа́ (dvádcatʹ tri časá), со́рок четы́ре часа́ (sórok četýre časá).

#### Declension

$^*$Used with the numbers 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

#### Derived terms

* сейча́с (sejčás, “now, currently”)
* то́тчас (tótčas, “instantly, immediately”)
* ца́рские часы́ (cárskije časý, “Great Hours”)

#### Related terms

* килова́тт-час (kilovátt-čas)
* маши́но-ча́с (mašíno-čás)
* стоя́ть на часа́х (stojátʹ na časáx)
* час пик (čas pik)
* часово́й (časovój)
* часовщи́к (časovščík)
* часо́к (časók)
* ча́сом (čásom)
* часы́ (časý)

#### Descendants

* → Kildin Sami: ча̄сс (čāss, “hour, watch”)
* → Yakut: чаас (caas, “hour”)

### Further reading

* час in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *časъ.

### Noun

ча̏с m (Latin spelling čȁs)
* moment
* (Bosnia, Serbia) hour
* (Bosnia, Serbia) lecture, lesson, period

#### Descendants

* → Albanian: çast

### Further reading

* “час”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Tuvan
### Etymology

From earlier *čaz < *yāz, from Proto-Turkic *yāŕ (“spring, summer”).

### Noun

час • (ças) (definite accusative часты, plural частар)
* spring

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Old East Slavic часъ (časŭ), from Proto-Slavic *časъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃas]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

час • (čas) m inan (genitive ча́су, nominative plural часи́, genitive plural часі́в, relational adjective часови́й)
* time
    Їй треба було часу для обдумування. ― Jij treba bulo času dlja obdumuvannja. ― She wanted time to think it over.
    Можеш дзвонити мені у будь-який час. ― Možeš dzvonyty meni u budʹ-jakyj čas. ― You can call me any time.
    Я добре провела час на вечірці. ― Ja dobre provela čas na večirci. ― I had a good time at the party.
* (grammar) tense
    майбутній час ― majbutnij čas ― future tense
    простий минулий час ― prostyj mynulyj čas ― simple past tense
    теперішній час ― teperišnij čas ― present tense

#### Derived terms

* суча́сний (sučásnyj)
* суча́сник (sučásnyk)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “час”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “час”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)