# dram
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English dragme, dramme, from Old French dragme, drame, from Late Latin dragma, from Latin drachma, from Ancient Greek δραχμή (drakhmḗ, “unit of weight; a handful”). Doublet of drachma, diram, dirham, dirhem, and adarme.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɹæm/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
** Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -æm

#### Noun

dram (plural drams)
* (units of measurement) A small unit of weight, variously:
** Alternative form of drachm (“One sixteenth of an ounce avoirdupois (1.77 g; symbol: ℨ or ʒ)”).
** (pharmacy) Alternative form of drachm (“One eighth of an ounce apothecary (3.89 g; symbol: ℨ or ʒ)”).
** (now uncommon) Synonym of dirhem: a former Turkish unit of weight (variously 1.5–3.5 g).
*** 1888, W.M.F. Petrie, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. XXIV, s.v. "Weights and Measures":
    Dram (49·5 grains), 100=chequi, 4=oka (2·8286 ℔); dram (49·5 grains), 180=rotl, 100=kintal or kantar (127·29 ℔).
** (obsolete) Synonym of drachma: a former Greek unit of weight (about 4.3 g).
* (by extension) Any similarly minute quantity, (now particularly) a small amount of strong alcohol or poison.
    a dram of brandy
** 1644, John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England, London: [s.n.], →OCLC:Were I the chooser, a dram of well-doing should be preferred before many times as much the forcible hindrance of evildoing.
** 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC, pages 281–282:When Friday came to him I bade him ſpeak to him, and tell him of his Deliverance, and pulling out my Bottle, made him give the poor Wretch a Dram, which, with the News of his being deliver'd, reviv'd him, and he ſat up in the Boat […]
** 1920, Marshall Walker, Will E. Skidmore (lyrics and music), “Save a Little Dram for Me”‎performed by Bert Williams:Oh, brethren, if you wants more preachin' Save a little dram for me (Glory hallelujah!) Drinkin' gin ain't against my teachin'
* (historical, mining) A cart formerly used to haul coal in coal mines.
** 1946 November and December, “The Saundersfoot Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 340:The rolling stock, consisting entirely of four-wheel open trucks, or drams, was broken up at Bonvilles Court Colliery.
* (obsolete) Synonym of drachma: a Greek silver coin weighing one drachma; other similar coins.
** The Bible (King James Version), Ezra 2:69
    They gave after their ability unto the treasure of the work threescore and one thousand drams [i.e., the Persian daric] of gold, and five thousand pound of silver […]

##### Synonyms

* (small amount of something): mite, smidge, smidgeon, bit, pinch
* (small amount of alcohol): see nip

##### Derived terms

* angel's dram
* dramless
* dramseller
* dramshop
* dram shop liability
* fluidram

##### Descendants

* → Danish: dram
** → Faroese: drammur
** → Norwegian: dram
* → Scottish Gaelic: dràm

##### Translations
#### Verb

dram (third-person singular simple present drams, present participle dramming, simple past and past participle drammed)
* (dated, intransitive) To drink drams.
** 1857, Samuel Griswold Goodrich, Recollections of a Lifetime:What I contend against is, this dramming, dramming, dramming, at all hours of the day. There are some men who take a glass at eleven o'clock in the forenoon, and at four in the afternoon.
* (dated, transitive) To ply with drams of drink.
** 1854, Arthur Pendennis [pseudonym; William Makepeace Thackeray], The Newcomes: Memoirs of a Most Respectable Family, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], →OCLC:The parents […] are getting ready their daughter for sale […] praying her, and imploring her, and dramming her, and coaxing her.

### Etymology 2

From Armenian դրամ (dram), from Middle Persian 𐭦𐭥𐭦𐭭 (zʿzn /⁠drahm⁠/), from Ancient Greek δραχμή (drakhmḗ, “unit of weight, a handful”), from δράσσομαι (drássomai, “I hold, seize”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɹæm/, /dɹɑm/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
** Audio (US):(file)

#### Noun

dram (plural drams)
* (numismatics) The currency of Armenia, divided into 100 luma.

##### Translations
### Anagrams

* arm'd, ARMD, armd., mard, AMDR, RADM, Adm'r, RAdm

## Danish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English dram, from Old French drame, variant of dragme.

### Noun

dram c (singular definite drammen, plural indefinite dramme or drammer)
* dram (a small quantity of an alcoholic drink)

#### Descendants

* → Faroese: drammur
* → Norwegian: dram

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑm

### Verb

dram
* inflection of drammen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

### Anagrams

* darm, R'dam

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Borrowed from English dram, from Old French drame, from Latin drachma, from Ancient Greek δραχμή (drakhmḗ). Doublet of drakme.

### Noun

dram m (definite singular drammen, indefinite plural drammer, definite plural drammene)
* a dram, nip, shot (usually of akvavit)

### References

* “dram” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “dram” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

Borrowed from English dram, from Old French drame, from Latin drachma, from Ancient Greek δραχμή (drakhmḗ). Doublet of drakme.

### Noun

dram m (definite singular drammen, indefinite plural drammar, definite plural drammane)
* a dram, nip, shot (usually of akvavit)
* a drink (alcohol)
    Eg skal til kroa og ta meg ein liten dramI'm going to the pub to take a drink

### References

* “dram” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *draum.

### Noun

drām m
* a dream

#### Descendants

* North Frisian: drom
* Saterland Frisian: Droom
* West Frisian: dream

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdram/
* Rhymes: -am

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Greek δράμι (drámi), from Byzantine Greek δράμι (drámi), from Arabic دِرْهَم (dirham), from Middle Persian 𐭦𐭥𐭦𐭭 (drahm), from Ancient Greek δραχμή f (drakhmḗ, “drachma”).

#### Noun

dram n (plural dramuri)
* (historical) dram (unit of measurement)
* (figurative) tiny amount

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Armenian դրամ (dram), from Middle Persian 𐭦𐭥𐭦𐭭 (drahm), from Ancient Greek δραχμή (drakhmḗ).

#### Noun

dram m (plural drami)
* (numismatics) dram (currency of Armenia)

##### Declension
### References

* dram in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* drama, dràm

### Etymology

Borrowed from English dram.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪ɾaum/

### Noun

dram m (genitive singular drama, plural dramannan)
* dram (small amount of alcoholic drink, usually whisky)

#### Related terms

* slapag, gloc-nid, sgailc-nid, deoch-sgailce, deoch-sheide (“traditional first dram of the morning”)
* deoch air uilinn, friochd, friochd-uilinn (“traditional second dram of the morning”)
* deoch chasruisgte (“traditional third dram of the morning”)
* deoch-bhleith, clach-bhleith (“traditional fourth dram of the morning”)
* alair, ealair, falair, farair (“funeral dram”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “dram”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from English drum.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈdɾam/ [ˈd̪ɾam]
* Rhymes: -am
* Syllabification: dram

### Noun

dram (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜇᜋ᜔)
* drum (barrel or large cylindrical container)
* (music) drum
    Synonyms: tambol, bombo

#### See also

* bariles

### Further reading

* “dram”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018