# 天井
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tiānjǐng
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ ㄐㄧㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tin$^1$ zeng$^2$ / tin$^1$ zing$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thiên-chiáng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tiên$^1$ jiang$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): tiĕng-cāng / tiĕng-ciāng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thiⁿ-chíⁿ / thiⁿ-chéⁿ / thian-chíⁿ / thian-chéⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tiêng$^1$ zên$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$thi-cin$_5$ / $^1$thie-cin$_3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiānjǐng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄐㄧㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tianjǐng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^1$-ching$^3$
*** Yale: tyān-jǐng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianjiing
*** Palladius: тяньцзин (tjanʹczin)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tin$^1$ zeng$^2$ / tin$^1$ zing$^2$
*** Yale: tīn jéng / tīn jíng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tin$^1$ dzeng$^2$ / tin$^1$ dzing$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tin$^1$ zéng$^2$ / tin$^1$ jing$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/, /tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³⁵/
* tin1 zeng2 - vernacular;
* tin1 zing2 - literary.

### Noun

天井
* courtyard; patio
* atrium

#### Synonyms

* (courtyard):
* 中庭 (zhōngtíng)
* 丹墀 (dan$^1$ zhr$^2$) (Xiang)
* 埕斗 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 庭院 (tíngyuàn)
* 深井 (Hokkien)
* 院 (yuàn)
* 院子 (yuànzi) (colloquial)
* 院落 (yuànluò)

### Proper noun

天井
* (～村) Tianjing (a village in Sanhe, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 天 | 井 |
| てん Grade: 1 | しょう > じょう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

*/tenzjau/ → /tenʑjɔː/ → /tend͡ʑoː/
From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 天井 (MC then tsjengX). First cited in Old Japanese to a work from 759.
The word is literally spelled 天 (“heaven, sky”) + 井 (“well, wellhead”), in reference to the way that ceiling beams were arranged in the shape of a wellhead. See also Ancient Chinese wooden architecture § Roof and ceiling on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てんじょー [tèńjóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [tẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ː]

### Noun

天(てん)井(じょう) • (tenjō)
* [from 759] ceiling
* [from 1400s] the highest place inside an object
* [from 1814] (by extension) the top price of something

#### Antonyms

* 床(ゆか) (yuka, “floor”)

#### Coordinate terms

* 壁(かべ) (kabe, “wall”)

#### Derived terms

* 丸天(まるてん)井(じょう) (maru tenjō)
* 光天(ひかりてん)井(じょう) (hikari tenjō)
* 大天(おおてん)井(じょう) (ō tenjō)
* 天(てん)井(じょう)クレーン (tenjō kurēn)
* 天(てん)井価(じょうか)格(かく) (tenjō kakaku)
* 天(てん)井値(じょうね) (tenjō ne)
* 天(てん)井守(じょうまもり) (tenjō mamori)
* 天(てん)井川(じょうがわ) (tenjō gawa)
* 天(てん)井抜(じょうぬ)け (tenjō nuke)
* 天(てん)井掴(じょうつか)み底(そこ)たたき (tenjō tsukami sokotataki)
* 天(てん)井板(じょういた) (tenjō ita)
* 天(てん)井桟敷(じょうさじき) (tenjō sajiki)
* 天(てん)井画(じょうが) (tenjō ga)
* 天(てん)井知(じょうし)らず (tenjō shirazu)
* 天(てん)井裏(じょううら) (tenjō ura)
* 天(てん)井走(じょうそう)行起(こうき)重(じゅう)機(き) (tenjō sōkō kijūki)
* 天(てん)井長押(じょうなげし) (tenjō nageshi)
* 小組(こぐ)み格天(ごうてん)井(じょう) (kogumi gōtenjō)
* 平(ひら)縁天(ぶちてん)井(じょう) (hirabuchi tenjō)
* 彼岸底彼岸天(ひがんぞこひがんてん)井(じょう) (higan zoko higantenjō)
* 折(お)り上(あ)げ天(てん)井(じょう) (oriage tenjō)
* 掛(か)け込(こ)み天(てん)井(じょう) (kakekomi tenjō)
* 格天(ごうてん)井(じょう) (gō tenjō)
* 猿(さる)頬天(ぼおてん)井(じょう) (sarubō tenjō)
* 節(せつ)分天(ぶんてん)井(じょう) (setsubun tenjō)
* 組(く)み入(い)れ天(てん)井(じょう) (kumīre tenjō)
* 組(く)み天(てん)井(じょう) (kumi tenjō)
* 網代天(あじろてん)井(じょう) (ajiro tenjō)
* 船(ふな)底天(ぞこてん)井(じょう) (funazoko tenjō)
* 落(お)ち天(てん)井(じょう) (ochi tenjō)
* 落(お)とし天(てん)井(じょう) (otoshi tenjō)
* 野天(のてん)井(じょう) (no tenjō)
* 釣(つ)り天(てん)井(じょう) (tsuri tenjō)
* 鏡天(かがみてん)井(じょう) (kagami tenjō)
* 青天(あおてん)井(じょう) (ao tenjō)

### References

* 1 2 “天井”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN