# تنگ
## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tng /⁠tang⁠/, “narrow, tight”), from Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to compact”), perhaps from *ten- (“to stretch”). Cognate with تنجیدن (tanjidan, “to squeeze”), as well as Old Armenian թանկ (tʻank), an Iranian borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [tanɡ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäŋɡ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäŋɡ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰäŋɡ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰäŋɡ̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰæɲɡʲ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäŋɡ]

#### Adjective

| Dari | تنگ |
| Iranian Persian | تنگ |
| Tajik | танг |
تنگ • (tang) (comparative تنگ‌تَر (tang-tar), superlative تنگ‌تَرین (tang-tarin))
* narrow, strait
* tight, fitting tightly
* sick at heart, distraught; (with دل (“heart”)) missing (something), longing for
    دلم برات تنگ شده.del-am barâ-t tang šode.I miss you.(literally, “My heart has become tight for you.”)
* distressful, difficult
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 784:از وی این دنیای خوش بر تست تنگ از پی او با حق و با خلق جنگaz way īn dunyā-i xwaš bar tō-st tang az pay-i ō bā haq u bā xalq jangThrough it this fair world is narrow [distressful] to you, for its sake [you are at] war with God and man.(Classical Persian transliteration)

##### Related terms

* تنک (tonok, “tightness”)
* تنگ آغوش (tang âğuš, “tight hugger”)
* تنگدست (tangdast, “poor”, literally “tight-handed”)
* تنگنا (tangnâ, “defile, narrow place”)
* تنگی (tangi, “thin”)
* دلتنگ (deltang, “nostalgic, despondent”, literally “tight-hearted”)
* چشم تنگ (česm tang, “stingy”, literally “tight-eyed”)

### Etymology 2

Via Chagatai from Chinese 桶 (MC thuwngX|duwngX, “tub, keg”)

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [tunɡ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰʊŋɡ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰʊŋɡ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰʊŋɡ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰuŋɡ̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰoɲɡʲ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰuŋɡ]

#### Noun

تنگ • (tong)
* flagon, carafe, decanter

### Etymology 3

Via Chagatai from Chinese 等 (MC tojX|tongX, “equal; sort, type, etc.”), or specifically 戥 (“small steelyard for weighing money and similar items”).

#### Alternative forms

* دنگ (deng, dang)

#### Noun

تنگ • (teng, tang)
* a bundle on one half of a beast of burden, package, ass-load
* a girth, a strap, a band, a brace
* a wooden instrument with iron teeth used in separating rice from the chaff
* a machine for making powder
* an oil-press

### References

* ↑ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 377-8

### Further reading

* Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission)‎ (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 574–577, Nr. 941 and 942
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “تنگ”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “دنگ”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

## Sindhi
### Etymology

From Sanskrit [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t̪ənɡ]

### Adjective

تَنگ • (tāng) (Devanagari तान्ग्)
* narrow

### References

* Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “تنگ”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian تنگ (tang).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /t̪əŋɡ/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

تنگ • (taṅg) (Hindi spelling तंग)
* tight, narrow
* troubled, distressed, vexed
* distracted, bothered

#### Derived terms

* تنگ کرنا (tãṅg karnā)