# ḥbs
## Egyptian
### Etymology

Compare Arabic حَبَّسَ (ḥabbasa), Hebrew חָבַשׁ (ḥāḇáš).

### Pronunciation

* (verb): (reconstructed) IPA: /ˈħaːbas/ → /ˈħaːbas/ → /ˈħaːbəs/ → /ˈħoːβəs/
* (verb): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ˈħaːbas/
* (verb): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ˈħaːbas/
* (verb): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ˈħaːbəs/
* (verb): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ˈħoːβəs/
* (noun): (reconstructed) IPA: /ħaˈbas/ → /ħaˈbas/ → /ħəˈbas/ → /ħəˈβas/
* (noun): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ħaˈbas/
* (noun): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ħaˈbas/
* (noun): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ħəˈbas/
* (noun): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ħəˈβas/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /hɛbɛs/
** Conventional anglicization: hebes

### Verb

3-lit.
* (transitive) to clothe (a person or body part) (+ m: in, with (a garment)) [since the Pyramid Texts]
* (intransitive) to be(come) clothed (+ m: in, with (a garment))
* (transitive, uncommon) to don, to put on (a garment) [Middle Kingdomn literature and New Kingdom]
* (transitive) to hide, to cover up (a body part)
* (transitive) to cover up (an object) with cloth, to cover or wrap (+ m: in, with (a cloth)) [since the Medical papyri]
* (transitive) to cover over, to cover (a place) (+ m: in, with (a substance: sand, rocks, floodwater, etc.; also, a crowd of people))
* (transitive, of the sky) to cover (the earth)
* (transitive) to expand (a construction such as a temple or city) with further surrounding constructions (+ m: with (an annex, a defensive wall, etc.))
* (transitive) to furnish (a house)
* (transitive, of the king) to shield, to protect (Egypt) [20th Dynasty]
* (transitive, with m) to bathe (something) in (light) [Greco-Roman Period]
* (transitive) to keep (names, deeds, documents, etc.) secret

#### Alternative forms

| ḥbs | ḥbs | ḥbs | ḥbs | ḥbs | ḥbs |
| [Pyramid Texts to Middle Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] | [late New Kingdom] |
| | | | | in hieratic | in hieratic |
| ḥbs | ḥbs | ḥbs | ḥbs |
| [since the New Kingdom] | [since the New Kingdom] | [Greco-Roman Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] |
| abbreviation | abbreviation | abbreviation | abbreviation |

#### Derived terms

* ḥꜣw ḥbs.tw
* ḥbsw
* ḥbswt
* ḥbs-bꜣg
* ḥbs bhn
* ḥbs bht
* ḥbs ḥr r
* ḥbs-ḫprw

#### Descendants

* Demotic: ḥbs
** Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲱⲃⲥ (hōbs)
** Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲱⲃⲥ (hōbs), ϩⲱⲡⲥ (hōps)
** Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲱⲃⲥ (hōbs), ϩⲱϥⲉⲥ (hōfes)
** Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲱⲃⲥ (hōbs)
** Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲱⲃⲥ (hōbs)

### Noun

m
* garment, piece of clothing [since the Pyramid Texts]
* (of the dead) mummy wrappings
* (Late Egyptian) horsecloth, caparison
* (Late Egyptian) covering for a chariot
* straining cloth, cloth through which a substance is strained, pressed, or sieved [since the Medical papyri]
* bandage, cloth used for bandaging [Medical papyri]
* cloth as a material, as used for wicks, sails, tents, bandages, etc.

#### Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

#### Derived terms

* jmj-r-ḥbsw
* jrj-ḥbsw
* ḥbs-nṯr
* ḥbs-sꜣy

#### Descendants

* Demotic: ḥbs
** Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲃⲟⲟⲥ (hboos)
** Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲃⲟⲥ (hbos), ϩⲃⲱⲥ (hbōs)
** Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲃⲁⲥ (hbas)
** Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲃⲟⲟⲥ (hboos), ϩⲃⲁⲥ (hbas)
** Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲃⲟⲟⲥ (hboos), ϩⲃⲟⲥ (hbos), ϩⲃⲱⲥ (hbōs)

### References

* “ḥbs (lemma ID 103740)” and “ḥbs (lemma ID 103750)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 64.3–66.12
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 167
* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 198.