# شن
## Arabic
### Etymology

* Root
* ش ن ن (š n n)
* 2 terms
Middle Iranian borrowings related to Persian شنا (šanā, “swimming”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃan.na/

### Verb

شَنَّ • (šanna) I (non-past يَشُنُّ (yašunnu), verbal noun شَنّ (šann))
* to launch (war; campaign)
* (obsolete) to pour, to let flow, to toss [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘over’]
** a. 800, أبو زيد سعيد بن أوس الأنصاري [ʔabū zayd saʕīd ibn ʔaws al-ʔanṣārīy], كتاب النوادر [Buch der Seltenheiten]: Fleischer, Heinrich Leberecht (1888) Kleinere Schriften‎ (in German), volume 3, Leipzig: S. Hirzel, page 484:
    يَا كَرَوَانًا ضُكَّ فَأَكْبَأَنَّا فَشَنَّ بِٱلسَلْخِ فَلَمَّا شَنَّا … بَلَّ ٱلذُنَابَى عَبَسًا مُبِنَّاyā karawānan ḍukka faʔakbaʔannā fašanna bi-s-salḵi falammā šannā … balla ḏ-ḏunābā ʕabasan mubinnāYou thick-knee! Which when bumped will clew and toss dung and having hurled … moistens the tail with sticky soil!
* (obsolete) to don, to put on (دِرْع (dirʕ))

#### Conjugation
### Noun

شَنّ • (šann) m (collective, singulative شَنَّة f (šanna), plural شِنَان (šinān))
* waterskin
** 7th century CE, Sunan Ibn Mājah, 30:62:" إِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَكَ مَاءٌ بَاتَ فِي شَنٍّ فَٱسْقِنَا وَإِلَّا كَرَعْنَا " . قَالَ عِنْدِي مَاءٌ بَاتَ فِي شَنٍّ . فَٱنْطَلَقَ وَٱنْطَلَقْنَا مَعَهُ إِلَى ٱلْعَرِيشِ فَحَلَبَ لَهُ شَاةً عَلَى مَاءٍ بَاتَ فِي شَنٍّ فَشَرِبَ ثُمَّ فَعَلَ مِثْلَ ذَٰلِكَ بِصَاحِبِهِ ٱلَّذِي مَعَهُ ." ʔin kāna ʕindaka māʔun bāta fī šannin fasqinā waʔillā karaʕnā " . qāla ʕindī māʔun bāta fī šannin . fanṭalaqa wanṭalaqnā maʕahu ʔilā l-ʕarīši faḥalaba lahu šātan ʕalā māʔin bāta fī šannin fašariba ṯumma faʕala miṯla ḏālika biṣāḥibihi llaḏī maʕahu .‘If you have any water that has been kept overnight in a water skin, then give us some to drink, otherwise we will drink by putting out mouths in the basin.’ He said: ‘I have water that has been kept in a water skin. So he went and we went with him, to the shelter, where he milked a sheep for him and (mixed it with) the water that had been kept overnight in a water skin. He drank from it, then he did likewise for his Companion who was with him.”

#### Declension
### Derived terms

* شَنِين (šanīn, “trickling; milk to which water is added”)
* شَنُون (šanūn, “pudgy: somewhat fat, somewhat meagre”)
* شُنَانَة (šunāna, “dribbling water”)
* أَشَنَّ (ʔašanna, “to launch, to send; to be used up”)
* تَشَنَّنَ (tašannana, “to be old, to be used up”)
* تَشَانَّنَ (tašānnana, “to be mixed; to be corrugated”)
* اِسْتَشَنَّ (istašanna, “to become meagre; to be old, to be used; to want to drink milk”)
* شَنَان (šanān, “raft”)
* شُنَان (šunān, “diffused, spread”)

### Further reading

* Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “شن”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
* Buyaner, David (2006) “On the Designation of ‘water–skin’ in some Languages of Central Asia”, in Acta Orientalia, volume 67, pages 115–125
* Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 735, where etymology from causative *ša- + root ء ن ن (ʔ-n-n) with the invented gloss “verser” and difficult-to-fathom comparison with أَنَّ (ʔanna, “to sough”)
* Freytag, Georg (1833) “شن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 454a
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “شن”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 1274
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “شن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1602

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Armenian շեն (šen).

### Adjective

شن • (şen)
* gay, light, merry
* cultivated, civilised, occupied, populated

#### Derived terms

* شنلك (şenlik)
* شنلنمك (şenlenmek)
* شنلندرمك (şenlendirmek)
* شنلتمك (şenletmek)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: şen
* → Albanian: shend
* → Bulgarian: шенли́в (šenlív)
* → Macedonian: шен (šen), шенлив (šenliv)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ше̑н
    Latin script: šȇn

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “շէն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 515a
* Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, § 556, page 115
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “شن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 734b
* Mallouf, Nassif (1856) Dictionnaire français-turc, 2nd edition, Paris: Maisonneuve, page 587
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “şen”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

## Persian
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃin]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃɪn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃɪn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃɪn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃin]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃen]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃin]

#### Noun

شِن • (šen)
* sand
    Synonyms: ریگ (rig), رمل (raml), ماسه (mâse)

##### Derived terms

* شنی (šeni, “sandy, of sand”)

### Etymology 2

Perhaps related to Proto-Indo-European *tḱey-m̥no-, from the root *tḱey- (“to cultivate, settle, live”). Compare with Avestan 𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬥𐬀 (šaiiana, “place of residence”), Old Armenian շէն (šēn), and Classical Syriac ܫܝܢܐ (šaynā). Sogdian [script needed] (šyn /⁠šēn⁠/), which is often glossed as “resting place” and adduced as a cognate, in reality means “bed” and is borrowed from Sanskrit शयन (śayana, “bed”), which is from the unrelated root *ḱey- (“to be lying down”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃan]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃän]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃän]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃän]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃän]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃæn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃän]

#### Suffix

شَن • (šan)
* place
    Synonyms: گاه (gāh), کده (kade)

##### Derived terms

* گلشن (golšan, “flowerbed rose-garden; place of flowers”)
* تبشن (tabšan, “hotspring, place of heat”)
* آویشن (āvīšan, “thyme, [flower that grows near]water-places”)

## Torwali
### Etymology

From Sanskrit शयन (śayana).

### Noun

شن (šen)
* a bed