# temer
## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese temer, from Latin timēre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /teˈmeɾ/

### Verb

temer (first-person singular present temo, first-person singular preterite temín, past participle temido) temer (first-person singular present temo, first-person singular preterite temim or temi, past participle temido, reintegrationist norm)
* to fear; to worry; to dread
** 1294, J. L. Novo Cazón, editor, El priorato santiaguista de Vilar de Donas en la Edad Media (1194-1500), A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 269:eu Roy Garcia, clerigo de San Christouoo de Lestedo, temendo o dya da morte e o dya do juyço e deseyando o çelestyal reyno, faço despeemento e testamento de mya alma e de meu corpo e de meu auerI, Roi Garcia, priest of [the parish church of] San Critovo de Lestedo, fearing the day of my dead and the Judgment Day, and desiring the Heavenly Kingdom, I make dispatchment and testament of my soul and of my body and of my assets

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Related terms

* temeroso
* temor

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “temer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “temer”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “temendo”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “temer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “temer”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “temer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “temer” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “temer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese temer, from Latin timēre (“to fear”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /teˈme(ʁ)/ [teˈme(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /teˈme(ʁ)/ [teˈme(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /teˈme(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /teˈme(ʁ)/ [teˈme(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /teˈme(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /tɨˈmeɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /tɨˈmeɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /tɨˈme.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: te‧mer

### Verb

temer (first-person singular present temo, first-person singular preterite temi, past participle temido)
* (intransitive, transitive) to fear (to feel fear about something)
    Synonym: ter medo (de)
    Antonym: destemer
    Não tema! ― Don’t be afraid!
    Eu temo o dia em que ninguém more mais aqui.I fear the day no one lives here any more.
* (intransitive, chiefly religion) to fear (to feel awe towards) [with a ‘someone, e.g. a deity’]
    Todo bom cristão teme a Deus.Every good Christian fears God.
* (subordinating) to be afraid (used to express sympathy)
    Temo que não posso ajudar. ― I’m afraid I can’t help.
* (intransitive) to fear (for), to worry (about) (to be concerned about) [with por ‘someone/something’]
    Synonym: preocupar-se com
    Os médicos temem pela saúde do meu coração.The doctors fear for the health of my heart.

#### Related terms

* destemor
* temência
* temente
* temerando
* temerosamente
* temeroso
* temível
* temívelmente
* temor
* temorizar
* temoroso

## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* temair (Rumantsch Grischun)
* tamer (Sutsilvan)
* tameir (Surmiran)
* tmair (Puter, Vallader)

### Etymology

From Latin timeō, timēre.

### Verb

temer
* (Sursilvan) to fear, be afraid (of), be frightened (of)

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | temer | temer | temer | temer |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | temend | temend | temend | temend |
| past participle | past participle | past participle | temiu | temiu | temiu | temiu |
| | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| indicative | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
| present | temel | temas | tema | temein | temeis | teman |
| imperfect | temavel | temavas | temava | temavan | temavas | temavan |
| future | vegnel a temer | vegns a temer | vegn a temer | vegnin a temer | vegnis a temer | vegnan a temer |
| conditional | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
| direct present | temess | temesses | temess | temessen | temesses | temessen |
| indirect present | temessi | temessies | temessi | temessien | temessies | temessien |
| direct future | vegness a temer | vegnesses a temer | vegness a temer | vegnessen a temer | vegnesses a temer | vegnessen a temer |
| indirect future | vegnessi a temer | vegnessies a temer | vegnessi a temer | vegnessien a temer | vegnessies a temer | vegnessien a temer |
| subjunctive | che jeu | che ti | ch'el/ch'ella | che nus | che vus | ch'els/ch'ellas |
| present | temi | temies | temi | temeien | temeies | temien |
| past | temevi | temevies | temevi | temevien | temevies | temevien |
| future | vegni a temer | vegnies a temer | vegni a temer | vegnîen a temer | vegnîes a temer | vegnien a temer |
| imperative | — | ti | — | — | vus | — |
| imperative | | tema | | | temei | |

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈcemer]

### Adverb

temer
* almost, nearly
    Synonyms: skoro, takmer

### Further reading

* “temer”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin timēre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /teˈmeɾ/ [t̪eˈmeɾ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Syllabification: te‧mer

### Verb

temer (first-person singular present temo, first-person singular preterite temí, past participle temido)
* (transitive, intransitive) to fear
** 2006, Llamada a cuestionar, Editorial San Pablo, →ISBN, page 87:Temo que he hecho mal todas las cosas en la vida, he tomado mal las decisiones. Temo quedar atrapada por lo que esperan otras personas de mí.I'm afraid that I've done everything in life wrong, that I've made bad decisions. I'm afraid of being trapped by what other people expect of me.
* to dread
* (reflexive) to be afraid, sorry; to suspect
    Synonym: sospechar
    Me temo que perderemos el juego.I'm afraid we'll lose the game.
    Me temo que sí.I'm afraid so.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* temedor
* temeridad
* temeroso
* temible
* temor
* tímido

### Further reading

* “temer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Venetan
### Etymology

From Latin timēre. Compare Italian temere.

### Verb

temer
* (transitive) to fear

#### Conjugation

* Venetan conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.