# 慎

| 慎 | U+614E, &#24910; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-614E |
| ← 慍 [U+614D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 慏 → [U+614F] |
| 慎 | U+FA87, &#64135; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA87 |
| ← 惘 [U+FA86] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 愈 → [U+FA88] |
| 慎 | U+2F8A8, &#194728; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A8 |
| ← 慌 [U+2F8A7] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 慌 → [U+2F8A9] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 慎 |
| Simplified | 慎 |
| Japanese | 慎 |
| Korean | 愼 |

### Alternative forms

Note the different forms, which correspond to different forms of 真.

### Han character

慎 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 心十月金 (PJBC), four-corner 9408$_1$, composition ⿰忄真)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 398, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11024
* Dae Jaweon: page 735, character 35
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2336, character 2
* Unihan data for U+614E
* Unihan data for U+FA87
* Unihan data for U+2F8A8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 慎
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 寘 | *tjels |
| 䡩 | *kʰriːn |
| 黰 | *ʔriːn, *ʔljinʔ |
| 顛 | *tiːn, *tʰiːns |
| 滇 | *tiːn, *tʰiːns, *diːn |
| 齻 | *tiːn |
| 槙 | *tiːn, *tjinʔ |
| 瘨 | *tiːn |
| 傎 | *tiːn |
| 蹎 | *tiːn |
| 厧 | *tiːn |
| 巔 | *tiːn |
| 癲 | *tiːn |
| 瑱 | *tʰiːns, *tins |
| 填 | *diːn, *diːns, *tin, *tins |
| 窴 | *diːn, *diːns |
| 闐 | *diːn, *diːns |
| 磌 | *diːn, *tjin |
| 鷏 | *diːn |
| 嗔 | *diːn, *tʰjin |
| 搷 | *diːn |
| 鎮 | *tin, *tins |
| 縝 | *tʰin, *ʔljinʔ, *tʰjin |
| 真 | *ʔljin |
| 禛 | *tjin |
| 稹 | *ʔljin, *ʔljinʔ |
| 蒖 | *tjin |
| 鬒 | *ʔljinʔ |
| 瞋 | *tʰjin |
| 謓 | *tʰjin |
| 慎 | *djins |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djins) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) – a behavior trait (heart), care, caution. Note that 真 means “truth, genuine, sincerity”, hence connotations of “acting sincerely, with care”.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shèn (shen$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): san$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ́m
    (Hailu, HRS): shim$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sem$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sêng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sīn / sīm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sim$^7$ / sim$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$zen / $^6$zyun
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
*** Wade–Giles: shên$^4$
*** Yale: shèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
*** Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^6$
*** Yale: sahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ́m
*** Hakka Romanization System: siim$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sim$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨm³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shim$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃim²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sem$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /səm³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sêng
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sing$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīn
*** Tâi-lô: sīn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sin
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sin²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sin³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīm
*** Tâi-lô: sīm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sim
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sim³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sim$^7$ / sim$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sīm / sím
*** Sinological IPA : /sim¹¹/, /sim⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zən²³¹/
** (Northern: Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zyun
*** MiniDict: zoen$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /zz̩ʷøŋ¹¹³/
* Middle Chinese: dzyinH
Rime :
| Character | 慎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 真 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 時刃切 |
| Baxter | dzyinH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjen$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]i[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djins/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 慎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shèn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyin$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]i[n]-s/ |
| English | careful |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 慎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17082 |
| Phonetic component | 眞 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 愼 |
| Old Chinese | /*djins/ |

### Definitions

慎
* prudent; cautious; careful
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Jūnzǐ shí wú qiú bǎo, jū wú qiú ān, mǐn yú shì ér shèn yú yán, jiù yǒudào ér zhèng yān, kěwèi hǎoxué yě yǐ. [Pinyin]
    The noble person eats but does not seek to be full, dwells at home but does not seek to be at ease, is competent in his acts and prudent in his words, and approaches those who have the Way to rectify himself thereby: he can be said to love learning.
* (Classical) take care to...; used with negative imperative particles, e.g. 勿, to emphasize the order.
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Kě yǔ wǎng zhě yǔ zhī, zhì yú miàodào; bù kě yǔ wǎng zhě, bù zhī qí dào, shèn wù yǔ zhī, shēn nǎi wú jiù. [Pinyin]
    If he is one worth accompanying, accompany him and reach the subtlest Way; if he is one not worth accompanying and you do not know his Way, take care to not accompany him, and you will have no blame.
* a surname

### Compounds

* 不慎 (bùshèn)
* 勤慎
* 失慎 (shīshèn)
* 審慎 / 审慎 (shěnshèn)
* 小心謹慎 / 小心谨慎 (xiǎoxīnjǐnshèn)
* 恪慎
* 慎刑
* 慎始
* 慎始敬終 / 慎始敬终 (shènshǐjìngzhōng)
* 慎子
* 慎密 (shènmì)
* 慎小謹微 / 慎小谨微
* 慎微
* 慎思 (shènsī)
* 慎思明辨
* 慎獨 / 慎独 (shèndú)
* 慎終如始 / 慎终如始
* 慎終若始 / 慎终若始
* 慎終追遠 / 慎终追远 (shènzhōngzhuīyuǎn)
* 慎行
* 慎言
* 慎謀能斷 / 慎谋能断
* 慎重 (shènzhòng)
* 慎重其事
* 慎防
* 慎防杜漸 / 慎防杜渐
* 慎默
* 戒慎
* 敬小慎微
* 敬慎
* 日慎一日
* 明德慎罰 / 明德慎罚
* 明慎
* 明賞慎罰 / 明赏慎罚
* 杜微慎防
* 淑慎
* 清慎
* 肅慎 / 肃慎 (Sùshèn)
* 謹小慎微 / 谨小慎微 (jǐnxiǎoshènwēi)
* 謹慎 / 谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
* 謹言慎行 / 谨言慎行 (jǐnyánshènxíng)
* 謹謹慎慎 / 谨谨慎慎

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 慎 |
| Kyūjitai | 愼 |

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 愼)
* humility
* be careful
* discreet
* prudent

#### Readings

* Go-on: じん (jin)
* Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
* Kun: つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 慎む, Jōyō)、つつしみ (tsutsushimi, 慎み)
* Nanori: ちか (chika)、のり (nori)、まこと (makoto)、みつ (mitsu)、よし (yoshi)

#### Compounds

* 戒(かい)慎(しん) (kaishin)
* 謹(きん)慎(しん) (kinshin)
* 慎(しん)思(し) (shinshi)
* 慎(しん)始(し)敬(けい)終(しゅう) (shinshikeishū)
* 慎(しん)重(ちょう) (shinchō)
* 不(ふ)謹(きん)慎(しん) (fukinshin)

### Proper noun

慎(しん) • (Shin)
* a male given name

## Vietnamese
### Han character

慎: Hán Nôm readings: thận
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.