# 名古屋
## Chinese
### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 名古屋(なごや) (Nagoya).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Mínggǔwū
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ming$^4$ gu$^2$ uk$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Bêng-kó͘-ok
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Mínggǔwū
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Mínggǔwu
*** Wade–Giles: Ming$^2$-ku$^3$-wu$^1$
*** Yale: Míng-gǔ-wū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Mingguuu
*** Palladius: Мингуу (Minguu)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ming$^4$ gu$^2$ uk$^1$
*** Yale: mìhng gú ūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ming$^4$ gu$^2$ uk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ming$^4$ gu$^2$ ug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɪŋ²¹ kuː³⁵ ʊk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bêng-kó͘-ok
*** Tâi-lô: Bîng-kóo-ok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bengkofog
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔk̚³²/

### Proper noun

名古屋
* (～市) Nagoya (the capital city of Aichi Prefecture, in central Honshu, Japan)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 名 | 古 | 屋 |
| な Grade: 1 | こ > ご Grade: 2 | や Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi | on'yomi | kun'yomi |
* Alternative spellings
* 那古野 (historical) 那小屋 (historical) 名護屋 (historical)

### Etymology

Uncertain origins, although there are multiple theories.
* From 和(なご)や (nagoya, “mild, calm, warm”, possibly obsolete in modern usage; the stem or precursor form of modern 和(なご)やか (nagoyaka)), in reference to either the clement weather or the relative calmness of the harbor.
* From a compound of 和(なご) (nago, “calm, mild, warm”, stem of adjectives 和(なご)し (nagoshi, “calm”, Classical) and 和(なご)やか (nagoyaka) and of verb 和(なご)む (nagomu, “to become calm”)) + 谷(や) (ya, “valley”), in reference to the local topography.
* A sound shift from 根(ね)小(ご)屋(や) (negoya, literally “root huts”), in reference to the start of the town as a collection of smaller houses at the root or foot of the mountains.
* By extension from 那(な)古(ご) (nago), a place in Osaka mentioned in the Man'yōshū of 759. The name "Nagoya" in reference to the geographical area of the modern city is first mentioned in the late Kamakura period (early 1300s)) as 那(な)古(ご)野(や)荘(しょう) (Nagoya-shō, literally “Nago Field Villa”), an agricultural estate developed earlier in the late Heian period (late 1100s).
    That said, the nago portion of the placename in Osaka is in turn likely from the same adjective root as above.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なごや [náꜜgòyà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [na̠ɡo̞ja̠]

### Proper noun

名(な)古(ご)屋(や) • (Nagoya)
* Nagoya (the capital city of Aichi Prefecture, in central Honshu, Japan)

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 名古屋 (Mínggǔwū)
* → English: Nagoya
* → Hindi: नागोया (nāgoyā)
* → Russian: Наго́я f (Nagója)
* → Thai: นาโงยะ (naa-ngoo-yá)

### References

* 1 2 3 “名古屋”, in 日本辞典 (Nihon Jiten, “Japan Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2007–2017.
* ↑ “名古屋市／なごやし”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
* ↑ “名古屋（市）”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
* ↑ “名古屋市”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN