OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# kočovat
## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish koczować, from Russian кочева́ть (kočevátʹ), from Turkic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkot͡ʃovat]
* Hyphenation: ko‧čo‧vat

### Verb

kočovat impf
* (intransitive) to nomadize

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | kočovat, kočovati | Active adjective | kočující |
| Verbal noun | kočování | Passive adjective | kočovaný |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | kočuji, kočuju (coll.) | kočujeme | — | kočujme |
| 2nd person | kočuješ | kočujete | kočuj | kočujte |
| 3rd person | kočuje | kočují, kočujou (coll.) | — | — |
* The future tense: a combination of a future form of být + infinitive kočovat.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | kočoval | kočovali | kočován | kočováni |
| masculine inanimate | kočoval | kočovaly | kočován | kočovány |
| feminine | kočovala | kočovaly | kočována | kočovány |
| neuter | kočovalo | kočovala | kočováno | kočována |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | kočuje | — |
| feminine + neuter singular | kočujíc | — |
| plural | kočujíce | — |

#### Derived terms

* kočovník
* kočovný

### Further reading

* “kočovati”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kočovati”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “kočovat”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# mikádo
## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 御門(みかど) (mikado, “emperor of Japan”), from 御(み) (mi, “honorable”) + 門(かど) (kado, “gate, portal”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmɪkaːdo]
* Rhymes: -aːdo
* Hyphenation: mi‧ká‧do

### Noun

mikádo n (relational adjective mikádový)
* bob haircut
    Synonym: bob
* mikado (game of skill)

#### Related terms

* mikado m anim

### References

* ↑ Jiří Rejzek (2007) “mikádo”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

### Further reading

* “mikádo”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “mikádo”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “mikádo”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# jałóweczka
## Polish
### Etymology

From jałówka +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ja.wuˈvɛt͡ʂ.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛt͡ʂka
* Syllabification: ja‧łó‧wecz‧ka

### Noun

jałóweczka f
* diminutive of jałówka

#### Related terms

* jałowcowy
* jałowiczy
* jałowy
* wyjałowiały
* jałowo
* na jałowym biegu
* jałowcówka
* jałowica
* jałowiec
* jałowizna
* jałownik
* jałowość
* jałówka
* jałowić impf
* jałowieć impf
* wyjaławiać impf
* wyjałowić pf
* wyjałowieć pf
* zjałowieć pf

### Further reading

* jałóweczka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# alumnat
## Polish
### Etymology

From alumn +‎ -at, from Latin alumnor. First attested in 1715–1717.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈlum.nat/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -umnat
* Syllabification: a‧lum‧nat

### Noun

alumnat m inan
* (education) seminary dormitory (place of residence for students of a seminary)
* (education, archaic) institution of free education

#### Related terms

* alumn

### References

* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “alumnat”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “alumnat”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
* ↑ Barbara Rykiel-Kempf (25.10.2008) “ALUMNAT”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

### Further reading

* alumnat in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “alumnat”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “alumnat”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 28
* alumnat in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
# Օսիրիս
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Ὄσιρις (Ósiris).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /osiˈɾis/, [osiɾís]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /osiˈɾis/, [osiɾís]

### Proper noun

Օսիրիս • (Ōsiris)
* Osiris
# trójskok
## Polish
### Etymology

From trój- +‎ skok.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtruj.skɔk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ujskɔk
* Syllabification: trój‧skok

### Noun

trójskok m inan
* (athletics) triple jump

#### Derived terms

* trójskoczek
* trójskoczkini

### Further reading

* trójskok in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# perceptivo
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* percetivo (Portugal)

### Etymology

Formed from Latin perceptus +‎ -ivo, based on French perceptif, or borrowed from Medieval Latin perceptīvus.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /peʁ.sepˈt͡ʃi.vu/ [peh.sepˈt͡ʃi.vu]
* (Brazil) IPA: /peʁ.sepˈt͡ʃi.vu/ [peh.sepˈt͡ʃi.vu]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /peɾ.sepˈt͡ʃi.vu/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /peʁ.sepˈt͡ʃi.vu/ [peχ.sepˈt͡ʃi.vu]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /peɻ.sepˈt͡ʃi.vo/
* Rhymes: -ivu
* Hyphenation: per‧cep‧ti‧vo

### Adjective

perceptivo (feminine perceptiva, masculine plural perceptivos, feminine plural perceptivas) (Brazilian Portuguese spelling)
* perceptive (having perception: insight, understanding or intuition)
    Synonym: perspicaz

#### Related terms

* perceber
* percepção

### Further reading

* “perceptivo”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Formed from Latin perceptus +‎ -ivo, based on French perceptif, or borrowed from Medieval Latin perceptivus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /peɾθebˈtibo/ [peɾ.θeβ̞ˈt̪i.β̞o]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /peɾsebˈtibo/ [peɾ.seβ̞ˈt̪i.β̞o]
* Rhymes: -ibo
* Syllabification: per‧cep‧ti‧vo

### Adjective

perceptivo (feminine perceptiva, masculine plural perceptivos, feminine plural perceptivas)
* perceptive (having perception: insight, understanding or intuition)
    Synonym: perspicaz
* perceptual
    Synonym: perceptual

#### Related terms

* percepción
* percibir

### Further reading

* “perceptivo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# emulous
## English
### Alternative forms

* æmulous (archaic)

### Etymology

From Latin aemulus (“striving to equal or excel, rivaling; in a bad sense, envious, jealous”), from Ancient Greek ἁμιλλάομαι (hamilláomai, “strive, contend”), akin to Latin imitari (“to imitate”); see imitate.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɛm.jʊ.ləs/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈɛm.jə.ləs/

### Adjective

emulous (comparative more emulous, superlative most emulous)
* Ambitious or competitive.
** 1724, Pharmacopolæ Justificati: Or, Apothecaries Vindicated from the Imputation of Ignorance. Wherein is Shown, that an Academical Education is No Way Necessary to Qualify a Man for the Practice of Physick, London: Printed for J. Roberts, […], →OCLC, page 6:[I]f he leaves the School poſſeſs'd of a ſluggiſh indolent Diſpoſition, and of Learning rather forc'd upon him than choſen, it is probable he will forget what he brought thence; but if he be active, emulous and aſpiring, he will certainly find Time for Reading and Thinking; for tho' it be a homely, it is a true Saying, that where there is a Will, there is a Way.
** 1838, [Letitia Elizabeth] Landon (indicated as editor), chapter XIV, in Duty and Inclination: […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 204:In such near proximity with the invalid, though all had been emulous of showing him attention, perhaps none were more truly affected by the critical situation of the unhappy Douglas than Miss Airey.
** '1859, George Meredith, chapter 1, in The Ordeal of Richard Feverel. A History of Father and Son. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC:A dozen emulous oung persons in, or just out of, pinafores, swift-runners, had taken the field.
** 1901, Henry James, The Papers:They had been always of course, the Papers, very largely about him, but it was not too much to say that at this crisis they were about nothing else worth speaking of; so that our young woman could but groan in spirit at the direful example set to the emulous.

#### Derived terms

* emulously
* emulousness
* inemulous
* unemulous

#### Related terms

* emulate
* emulation

#### Further reading

* “emulous”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
* “emulous”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “emulous”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
# -dö'ja
## Ye'kwana
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [-ɾ̠əʔhʷa]

### Suffix

-dö'ja
* in turn
* oneself, itself, himself, herself, etc. (as an intensifier)

#### Usage notes

This morpheme is properly a clitic rather than a suffix.

#### Derived terms

* -dö'jaato

### References

* Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “-dö'ja”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon, page 165
# pif
## French
### Etymology

Possibly onomatopoeic. Compare however Central Franconian Pief, Peif (“stovepipe; flute”), akin to Dutch pijp, German Pfeife.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pif/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

pif m (plural pifs)
* (slang) conk, hooter, schnozzle (nose, especially if large)
    Synonyms: blair, tarin
    un gros pif ― a big conk
* (figurative) nose, intuition
    Synonyms: flair, nez
    avoir du pif ― to have flair, to be intuitive

#### Derived terms

* au pif
* piffard
* piffer
* pifomètre

### References

* ↑ “pif”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Spanish
### Interjection

pif
* Synonym of paf

## Volapük
### Noun

pif (uncountable pifs)
* (anatomy) bone marrow

#### Declension

* $^1$ status as a case is disputed
* $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only
# aluwium
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Alluvium, from Latin alluvium. First attested in 1866.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈlu.vjum/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uvjum
* Syllabification: a‧lu‧wium

### Noun

aluwium n
* (geology, usually in the plural) alluvium
    aluwia rzeczne/rzeki ― river alluvium
* (archaic) the Holocene
    Synonym: holocen

#### Related terms

* aluwialny

### References

* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “aluwium”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “aluwium”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
* ↑ Antoni Rehman (1866) Kotlina Prypeci i błota pińskie pod względem przyrodniczym‎ (in Polish), page 69
* ↑ aluwium in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

### Further reading

* aluwium in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* aluwium in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “aluwjum”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 28
# snoop
## English
### Etymology

From Dutch snoepen (“to pry, eat in secret, sneak”). Related to Dutch and Low German snappen (“to bite, seize”), Dutch snavel (“beak, bill, pecker, neb”), German Schnabel (“beak, bill, mouth”). More at snap.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /snuːp/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* enPR: sno͞op
* Rhymes: -uːp

### Verb

snoop (third-person singular simple present snoops, present participle snooping, simple past and past participle snooped)
* To be devious and cunning so as not to be seen.
* To secretly spy on or investigate, especially into the private personal life of others.
    If I had not snooped on her, I wouldn't have found out that she lied about her degree.

#### Related terms

* snoop around

#### Translations
### Noun

snoop (plural snoops)
* The act of snooping.
* One who snoops.
    Be careful what you say around Gene because he's the bosses' snoop.
* A private detective.
    She hired a snoop to find out if her husband was having an affair.
** 1992 February 2, Mitzel, “Clay Shaw, The Quean Network & That Kennedy Killing”, in Gay Community News, volume 19, number 28, page 12:Garrison's snoops regularly stole Kirkwood's mail while he was in New Orleans—only a federal offense.

#### References

* 1996, T.F. Hoad, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Etymology, Oxford University Press, →ISBN

### Anagrams

* Poons, no-ops, opson, poons, spoon
# veřejně
## Czech
### Etymology

From veřejný +‎ -ě.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɛr̝ɛjɲɛ]

### Adverb

veřejně
* publicly

#### Related terms

* veřejnost f
* veřejný

### Further reading

* “veřejně”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “veřejně”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “veřejně”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# piechota morska
## Polish
### Etymology

Literally, “marine/maritime infantry”. Compare Russian морска́я пехо́та (morskája pexóta).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pjɛˈxɔ.ta ˈmɔr.ska/
* Audio:(file)
* Syllabification: pie‧cho‧ta mor‧ska

### Noun

piechota morska f
* (military) marines, marine corps, naval infantry
    Synonym: marines

#### Related terms

* pieszy
* pieszo
* morze
* piechur

### Further reading

* piechota morska in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* piechota morska in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# žežulka
## Czech
### Etymology

From žežule +‎ -ka, from Proto-Slavic *žegъzuľa. Cognate with Polish gżegżółka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʒɛʒulka]

### Noun

žežulka f
* cuckoo
    Synonym: kukačka

#### Derived terms

* žežulička
* žežulinka

### Further reading

* “žežulka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “žežulka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# oprocentowanie
## Polish
### Etymology

From oprocentować +‎ -anie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ.prɔ.t͡sɛn.tɔˈva.ɲɛ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aɲɛ
* Syllabification: o‧pro‧cen‧to‧wa‧nie

### Noun

oprocentowanie n
* (uncountable) verbal noun of oprocentować
* (countable, finance) discount rate, bank rate (interest rate that a central bank charges depository institutions that borrow reserves from it)
* (countable, finance) discount rate (interest rate used to discount future cashflows of a financial instrument; the annual interest rate used to decrease the amounts of future cashflows to yield their present value)
    Hypernym: procent

#### Related terms

* oprocentować pf
* oprocentowywać impf

### Further reading

* oprocentowanie in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* oprocentowanie in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# błahostka
## Polish
### Etymology

From błahość +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bwaˈxɔst.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔstka
* Syllabification: bła‧host‧ka

### Noun

błahostka f
* trifle, small fry (thing of little importance)
    Synonyms: bagatela, bagatelka, betka, bzdet, drobiazg, drobnostka, frajer, fraszka, pryszczyk
    zupełna błahostka ― a real trifle
    zwykłe błahostki ― an ordinary small thing
    błahostka bez znaczenia ― a meaningless trifle
    przejmować się błahostkami ― to worry about trifles
    zajmować się błahostkami ― to deal with trifles
    cieszyć się z błahostek ― to be glad for the little things
    marnować czas na błahostki ― to waste time on small fries
    pokłócić się o błahostkę ― to argue about trifles
    czepiać się o błahostki ― to nitpick trifles
    myśleć o błahostkach ― to think about trifles
    rozmawiać o błahostkach ― to talk about trifles
* trifle (thing of little worth)
    Synonyms: bzdet, drobiazg, fraszka

#### Related terms

* błahy
* błaho
* błahość

### Further reading

* błahostka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* błahostka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# reklama
## Crimean Tatar

Other scripts :
| Cyrillic | реклама |
| Roman | |

### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin reclāmāre.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: rek‧la‧ma

### Noun

reklama
* advertisement

#### Declension
### References

* “reklama”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Czech
### Etymology

Via German Reklame from French réclame, ultimately from Latin reclāmō (“protest, resound”), from re- (“again, back”) + clāmō (“call, shout”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrɛklama]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

reklama f
* advertisement (commercial solicitation)

#### Derived terms

* reklamní

### References

* ↑ Jiří Rejzek (2007) “reklama”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

### Further reading

* “reklama”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “reklama”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “reklama”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French réclame, from Latin reclāmāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɛˈkla.ma/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ama
* Syllabification: re‧kla‧ma

### Noun

reklama f
* (advertising) commercial (advertisement in a common media format)
* advertising, publicity

#### Derived terms

* reklamowy
* autoreklama
* reklamować

### Further reading

* reklama in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* reklama in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

rekláma f (Cyrillic spelling рекла́ма)
* advertisement, commercial (commercial solicitation)
* advertising, publicity, promotion
# chita
## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

From Saint Dominican Creole French sitta, from French assieds-toi (“sit down”, imperative, second person singular). Compare Louisiana Creole assite, Cajun French assir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃi.ta/

### Verb

chita
* sit down

### See also

* kanpe

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʃi.tɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʃi.tɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʃi.ta/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʃi.tɐ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʃi.tɐ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃi.tɐ/
* Hyphenation: chi‧ta

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English cheetah, from Hindi चीता (cītā, “leopard, panther”), ultimately from Sanskrit चित्र (citra, “multicolored, speckled”).

#### Noun

chita f (plural chitas)
* cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)
    Synonym: guepardo

### Etymology 2

From Hindi छींट (chī̃ṭ).

#### Noun

chita f (plural chitas)
* chintz
** 1977, Clarice Lispector, A hora da estrela [The Hour of the Star]:Ela que devia ter ficado no Sertão de Alagoas com vestido de chita e sem nenhuma datilografia, já que escrevia tão mal, só tinha até o terceiro ano primário.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### References

* ↑ “chita”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
* ↑ “chita”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English cheetah, from Hindi चीता (cītā, “leopard", "panther”), ultimately from Sanskrit चित्र (citra, “multicolored", "speckled”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃita/ [ˈt͡ʃi.t̪a]
* Rhymes: -ita
* Syllabification: chi‧ta

### Noun

chita m or f same meaning (plural chitas)
* (zoology) cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)
    Synonym: guepardo

### Further reading

* “chita”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* chita | Diccionario • DELE Ahora
# wieloboista
## Polish
### Etymology

From wielobój +‎ -ista.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vjɛ.lɔ.bɔˈis.ta/
* Rhymes: -ista
* Syllabification: wie‧lo‧bo‧is‧ta

### Noun

wieloboista m pers (female equivalent wieloboistka)
* competitor in a combined track and field event

#### Related terms

* wielobojowy
* wielobój

### Further reading

* wieloboista in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* wieloboista in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# hiljentyä
## Finnish
### Etymology

hiljentää +‎ -yä

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhiljentyæˣ/, [ˈhilje̞n̪ˌt̪yæ(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -yæ
* Hyphenation: hil‧jen‧tyä

### Verb

hiljentyä
* (intransitive) To quiet.

#### Derived terms

* hiljentyminen
* hiljentymätön

#### Related terms

* hiljentää (transitive)

### Further reading

* “hiljentyä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
# výspa
## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish wyspa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈviːspa]
* Hyphenation: vý‧spa

### Noun

výspa f
* (literary) ait, islet
    Hypernym: ostrov

#### Related terms

* vysypat
* výsep

### References

* ↑ Václav Machek (1968) “výspa”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 705

### Further reading

* “výspa”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “výspa”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “výspa”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Old Slovak
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish wyspa. First attested in 1795.

### Noun

výspa f
* island

### Further reading

* Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “výspa”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC
# raspallar
## Aragonese
### Etymology

From raspallo +‎ -ar. Like Catalan raspallar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raspaˈʎa(ɾ)/
* Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
* Syllabification: ras‧pa‧llar

### Verb

raspallar
* (transitive) to brush
    Synonym: cepillar (more used)
    La moceta se raspalla es pels. ― The girl brushes her hair.

#### Related terms

* raspallo

### Further reading

* Diccionario ortografico de l'aragonés (Seguntes la PO de l'EFA)

## Catalan
### Etymology

From raspall +‎ -ar. Like Aragonese raspallar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [rəs.pəˈʎa]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ras.paˈʎaɾ]
* Homophone: raspallà
* Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

### Verb

raspallar (first-person singular present raspallo, first-person singular preterite raspallí, past participle raspallat)
* (transitive) to brush
    La noia es respalla el cabell. ― The girl brushes her hair.

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* “raspallar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “raspallar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “raspallar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “raspallar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

### Anagrams

* asparrall
# ruiskuttaa
## Finnish
### Etymology

ruisku +‎ -ttaa

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrui̯skutːɑːˣ/, [ˈrui̯s̠kut̪ːɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -uiskutːɑː
* Hyphenation: ruis‧kut‧taa

### Verb

ruiskuttaa
* (transitive) to squirt, spray
* (transitive) to inject (using a syringe)

#### Derived terms

* ruiskute
* ruiskutella
* ruiskuttaminen
* ruiskutus

#### Related terms

* ruiskuta (intransitive)

### Further reading

* “ruiskuttaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* karstautui
# estreñir
## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin stringere (“tighten”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *streyg-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /estɾeˈɲiɾ/ [es.t̪ɾeˈɲiɾ]
* Rhymes: -iɾ
* Syllabification: es‧tre‧ñir

### Verb

estreñir (first-person singular present estriño, first-person singular preterite estreñí, past participle estreñido)
* (transitive) to constipate
* (reflexive) to become constipated

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* constreñir
* estrecho
* estricto
* restringir

### Further reading

* “estreñir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10