# چنگ
## Khalaj
### Noun

چَنگ (çəng) (definite accusative چَنگی, plural چَنگلَر)
* Arabic spelling of çəng (“claw”)

#### Declension
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [t͡ʃanɡ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t͡ʃʰäŋɡ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t͡ʃʰäŋɡ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t͡ʃʰäŋɡ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t͡ʃʰäŋɡ̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t͡ʃʰæɲɡʲ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t͡ʃʰäŋɡ]

### Etymology 1

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kog-, *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook, claw”). Compare English hook; also related to Old Armenian ճանկ (čank), Middle Georgian ჭანგი (č̣angi), Iranian borrowings.

#### Noun

| Dari | چنگ |
| Iranian Persian | چنگ |
| Tajik | чанг |
چنگ • (čang) (plural چنگ‌ها (čang-hâ) or چنگان (čangân))
* claws, talon
* clutch, embrace
* (dialectal or literary) hand, fingers
** c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 176:مطربا در بزم ما امشب منه از چنگ چنگ ای سلیمی باده نوش و دیده بر دیدار دارmutribā dar bazm-i mā imšab manih az čang čang ay salīmī bāda nōš u dīda bar dīdār dārO minstrel, do not put away the harp from your hands during our feast tonight! O Selim! Drink wine and keep your eyes upon her face!(Classical Persian transliteration)
* (dialectal or literary) beak

##### Related terms

* چنگار (čangâr)
* چنگال (čangâl)
* چنگله (čangale)
* چنگک (čangak)

##### Descendants

* → Armenian: չանգ (čʻang)
* → Azerbaijani: cəng
* → Khalaj: çəng
* → Ottoman Turkish: چنك (çenk)

### Etymology 2

Possibly related to the meaning of “claw” and “talon”, from Middle Persian [script needed] (cng /⁠čang⁠/, “harp”). Cognate to Parthian [Manichaean needed] (šng /⁠šang⁠/, “harp”), Sogdian [Manichaean needed] (cyngry’ /⁠čingaryā⁠/), [Manichaean needed] (cngry’ /⁠čangaryā⁠/, “(a kind of) musical instrument, (a kind of) harp”); also related to Arabic صَنْج (ṣanj), a Middle Persian borrowing.

#### Noun

چنگ • (čang) (plural چنگ‌ها (čang-hâ))
* lyre, harp
** c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 176:مطربا در بزم ما امشب منه از چنگ چنگ ای سلیمی باده نوش و دیده بر دیدار دارmutribā dar bazm-i mā imšab manih az čang čang ay salīmī bāda nōš u dīda bar dīdār dārO minstrel, do not put away the harp from your hands during our feast tonight! O Selim! Drink wine and keep your eyes upon her face!(Classical Persian transliteration)

##### Related terms

* چنگله (čangale)
* چنگی (čangi)
* چنگ‌زن (čang-zan)

##### Descendants

* → Arabic: جَنْك (jank), جُنْك (junk)
* → Azerbaijani: çəng
* → Burmese: စောင်း (caung:)
** → Mon: စံၚ်
* → Georgian: ჩანგი (čangi)
* → Ottoman Turkish: چنك (çenk, çeng)
** Turkish: çenk, çeng

### References

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “چنگ”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “چنگ”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
* Vullers, Johann August (1855) “چنگ”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 595
* Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 217
* Gharib, B. (1995) “čingaryā”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 132