OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# cardioversión
## Spanish
### Etymology

From cardio- +‎ Medieval Latin versio, from vertĕre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaɾdjobeɾˈsjon/ [kaɾ.ð̞jo.β̞eɾˈsjõn]
* Rhymes: -on
* Syllabification: car‧dio‧ver‧sión

### Noun

cardioversión f (plural cardioversiones)
* (medicine) cardioversion

#### Related terms

* cardiovertir

### Further reading

* “cardioversión”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* “cardioversión” in Diccionario de términos médicos, Real Academia Nacional de Medicina, 2012.
# człowieczątko
## Polish
### Etymology

From człowieczę +‎ -ko. First attested in 1859.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʂwɔ.vjɛˈt͡ʂɔnt.kɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔntkɔ
* Syllabification: czło‧wie‧cząt‧ko

### Noun

człowieczątko n
* diminutive of człowieczę
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:dziecko

#### Related terms

* człowieczeński
* człowieczy
* człowiekowaty
* jak człowiek
* człowiecze
* człowieku
* człowiectwo
* człowieczek
* człowieczeńskość
* człowieczeństwo
* człowieczę
* człowieczość
* człowieczyca
* człowieczyna
* człowieczysko
* człowiekowate
* człowieczeć impf
* odczłowieczyć pf, odczłowieczać impf
* uczłowieczyć pf, uczłowieczać impf

### References

* ↑ Vimercati Vittorio (1859) Kurs języka włoskiego podług metody Robertsona‎ (in Polish), page 69

### Further reading

* człowieczątko in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* człowieczątko in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
# making a better door than a window
## English
### Verb

making a better door than a window
* present participle and gerund of make a better door than a window
# internistka
## Czech
### Etymology

From internista +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɪntɛrnɪstka]
* Rhymes: -ɪstka

### Noun

internistka f
* female internist (physician who specializes in internal medicine)

#### Related terms

* interní

### Further reading

* “internistka”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* internistka in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz
# holkař
## Czech
### Etymology

From holka (“girl”) +‎ -ař.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦolkar̝̊]
* Hyphenation: hol‧kař

### Noun

holkař m anim
* womanizer, philanderer
    Synonyms: sukničkář, záletník

#### Related terms

* holka

### Further reading

* “holkař”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “holkař”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “holkař”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# distraer
## Galician
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish distraer, from Latin distrahere (“to pull apart”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /distɾaˈeɾ/

### Verb

distraer (first-person singular present distraio, first-person singular preterite distraín, past participle distraído)
* (transitive) to entertain, distract
* (pronominal) to amuse oneself, have fun
* (pronominal) to get distracted

#### Further reading

* “distraer”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “distraer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “distraer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “distraer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin distrahere (“to pull apart”). Compare English distract.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /distɾaˈeɾ/ [d̪is.t̪ɾaˈeɾ]
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Syllabification: dis‧tra‧er

### Verb

distraer (first-person singular present distraigo, first-person singular preterite distraje, past participle distraído)
* (transitive) to entertain, distract
    Synonym: entretener
* (reflexive) to get distracted, amuse oneself, have fun
    Synonym: divertir

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* distracción

### Further reading

* “distraer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# ultracentrifugar
## Spanish
### Verb

ultracentrifugar (first-person singular present ultracentrifugo, first-person singular preterite ultracentrifugué, past participle ultracentrifugado)
* to ultracentrifuge

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

#### Related terms

* ultracentrífuga
* ultracentrifugadora
# zpracovatel
## Czech
### Etymology

From zpracovat +‎ -tel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsprat͡sovatɛl]

### Noun

zpracovatel m anim (female equivalent zpracovatelka)
* processor (person or company that processes)
    zpracovatel masa ― meat processor

#### Related terms

* zpracovatelský

### Further reading

* “zpracovatel”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “zpracovatel”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “zpracovatel”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# cita-cita
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* tjita-tjita (1901–1947, 1947–1972)

### Etymology

Inherited from Malay cita-cita. Equivalent to reduplication of cita.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˌt͡ʃita ˈt͡ʃita/ [ˌt͡ʃi.t̪a ˈt͡ʃi.t̪a]
* Rhymes: -ita
* Syllabification: ci‧ta-ci‧ta

### Noun

cita-cita (plural cita-cita)
* ambition, aspiration
    Cita-citaku kelak besar adalah menjadi seorang tentara.My ambition in the future is to become a soldier.

### Further reading

* “cita-cita” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Noun

cita-cita (plural cita-cita-cita-cita, informal 1st possessive cita-citaku, 2nd possessive cita-citamu, 3rd possessive cita-citanya)
* ambition
# worked like a dog
## English
### Verb

worked like a dog
* simple past and past participle of work like a dog
# akromonogram
## Polish
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἄκρον (ákron) +‎ mono- +‎ -gram. First attested in 1943.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.krɔ.mɔˈnɔ.ɡram/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔɡram
* Syllabification: a‧kro‧mo‧no‧gram

### Noun

akromonogram m inan
* (poetry) acromonogrammatic poem
    Synonym: wiersz akromonogramatyczny
    Hypernym: wiersz

#### Related terms

* akromonogramatyczny

### References

* ↑ Lewą Marsz : czasopismo społeczno-literackie (1943) R. 2, nr 4‎, page 5
* ↑ akromonogram in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

### Further reading

* akromonogram in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “akromonogram”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 18
# kiinata
## Finnish
### Alternative forms

* kiinailla

### Etymology

Calque of Swedish kinesa; Kiina +‎ -ta

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkiːnɑtɑˣ/, [ˈk̟iːnɑ̝t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -iːnɑtɑ
* Hyphenation: kii‧na‧ta

### Verb

kiinata (colloquial)
* To live at somebody's home for a while.

#### Derived terms

* kiinailla

### Further reading

* “kiinata”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* kitaani, taikina, takiani
# sprej
## Czech
### Noun

sprej m inan
* spray (substance to be applied by dispensing)
* sprayer (object used for spraying)

#### Derived terms

* sprejer
* sprejovat

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English spray.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsprɛj/
* Rhymes: -ɛj
* Syllabification: sprej

### Noun

sprej m inan
* Alternative spelling of spray

#### Derived terms

* sprejować impf

### Further reading

* sprej in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sprêj/

### Noun

sprȅj m (Cyrillic spelling спре̏ј)
* (uncountable) spray (substance to be applied by dispensing)
* (countable) sprayer (object used for spraying)

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Noun

sprej c
* Alternative form of spray

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | sprej | sprejs |
| singular | definite | sprejen | sprejens |
| plural | indefinite | sprejer | sprejers |
| plural | definite | sprejerna | sprejernas |

### References

* sprej in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* sprej in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* sprej in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# chicanx
## Spanish
### Etymology

From English Chicanx. The gender-neutral suffix -x replaces the gendered suffixes -a and -o..

### Noun

chicanx gender-neutral (plural chicanxs, feminine chicana, feminine plural chicanas, masculine chicano, masculine plural chicanos)
* (gender-neutral, uncommon, chiefly US) gender-neutral form of chicano or chicana
** 2010 June, Peter Gelderloos, Cómo la no violencia protege al Estado (Spanish edition), page 56, quoting and translating David Gilbert, No Surrender:
    lxs nativxs americanxs, lxs chicanxs o lxs puertorriqueñxsNative Americans, Chicanxs or Puerto Ricans.
** 2015 December 12–13, Lanzate, page 11:
    poblaciones latinxs y chicanxstowns (or populations) of Latinxs and Chicanxs.

#### Related terms

* latinx
# oncogén
## Spanish
### Etymology

From onco- +‎ gen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /onkoˈxen/ [õŋ.koˈxẽn]
* Rhymes: -en
* Syllabification: on‧co‧gén

### Noun

oncogén m (plural oncogenes)
* (biology) oncogene

#### Derived terms

* oncogénico

### Further reading

* “oncogén”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# zawinić
## Polish
### Etymology

From za- +‎ winić.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zaˈvi.ɲit͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iɲit͡ɕ
* Syllabification: za‧wi‧nić

### Verb

zawinić pf (imperfective zawiniać)
* (intransitive or transitive with pronoun) to be to blame, to be guilty
** 2012, Rafał Ziemkiewicz, Śpiąca Królewna (published with Pieprzony los Katarzyniarza)‎, Fabryka Słów, archived from the original on 2024-07-07:Tak. Dobre pytanie. Co ona zawiniła. A co myśmy zawinili? A co zawinił Wieniczka albo inni? Dlaczego ludzie wciąż nie mogli się uwolnić od tej naiwnej wiary, że to ma jakiekolwiek znaczenie, czy się zawiniło, czy nie.Yes. Good question. What did she do wrong? And what did we do wrong? And what did Wieniczka or the others do wrong? Why were people still unable to free themselves from the naive belief that whether one has done something wrong or not is at all important?

#### Derived terms

* zawiniony

### Further reading

* zawinić in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zawinić in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# nacistický
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnat͡sɪstɪt͡skiː]
* Rhymes: -ɪtskiː

### Adjective

nacistický
* Nazi

#### Related terms

* See nátura
* nacismus
* nacista

#### See also

* fašistický

### Further reading

* “nacistický”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “nacistický”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnat͡siscit͡skiː]

### Adjective

nacistický
* Nazi

#### Related terms

* nacizmus
* nacista

#### See also

* fašistický

### Further reading

* “nacistický”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# finding another gear
## English
### Verb

finding another gear
* present participle and gerund of find another gear
# akromonogramatyczny
## Polish
### Etymology

From akromonogram +‎ -yczny. First attested in 1896.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.krɔ.mɔ.nɔ.ɡra.maˈtɘt͡ʂ.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘt͡ʂnɘ
* Syllabification: a‧kro‧mo‧no‧gra‧ma‧tycz‧ny

### Adjective

akromonogramatyczny (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational, poetry) acromonogrammatic

#### Related terms

* akromonogram

### References

* ↑ Podręcznik księgarski : przewodnik praktyczny dla wydawców, księgarzy, pomocników i praktykantów księgarskich na podstawie swojskich i obcych źródeł opracowany‎, 1896, page 533
* ↑ akromonogramatyczny in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

### Further reading

* akromonogramatyczny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Gwiździel
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡviʑ.d͡ʑɛl/
* Rhymes: -iʑd͡ʑɛl
* Syllabification: Gwiź‧dziel

### Proper noun

Gwiździel m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Gwiździel f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

#### Derived terms

* Gwiździelowa
* Gwiździelówna

### See also

* Appendix:Polish surnames
# zamyślenie
## Polish
### Etymology

From zamyślić +‎ -enie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /za.mɘˈɕlɛ.ɲɛ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛɲɛ
* Syllabification: za‧my‧śle‧nie

### Noun

zamyślenie n
* verbal noun of zamyślić
* pensiveness, thoughtfulness

#### Derived terms

* zamyśleniec

### Further reading

* zamyślenie in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zamyślenie in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# disculpa
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [disˈkul.pə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [disˈkul.pa]

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

disculpa f (plural disculpes)
* apology

##### Related terms

* disculpar

##### References

* “disculpa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “disculpa”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “disculpa” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “disculpa” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

disculpa
* inflection of disculpar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## French
### Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

### Pronunciation

* Homophones: disculpas, disculpât

### Verb

disculpa
* third-person singular past historic of disculper

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French disculper.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dis.kulˈpa/

### Verb

a disculpa (third-person singular present disculpă, past participle disculpat) 1st conjugation
* to exculpate

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* disculpa in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /disˈkulpa/ [d̪isˈkul.pa]
* Rhymes: -ulpa
* Syllabification: dis‧cul‧pa

### Etymology 1

From dis- +‎ culpa.

#### Noun

disculpa f (plural disculpas)
* excuse
    Synonym: excusa
* apology

##### Derived terms

* pedir disculpas

##### Related terms

* disculpe (interjection)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

disculpa
* inflection of disculpar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “disculpa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# tracer
## English
### Etymology

From trace +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈtɹeɪsə(ɹ)/, [ˈtʃɹeɪsə(ɹ)]
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈtɹeɪsɚ/, [ˈtʃɹeɪsɚ]
* Rhymes: -eɪsə(ɹ)

### Noun

tracer (plural tracers)
* (chemistry) A compound, element, or isotope used to track the progress or history of a natural process.
* A round of ammunition for a firearm that contains magnesium or another flammable substance arranged such that it will burn and produce a visible trail when fired in the dark.
    Synonyms: tracer ammunition, tracer bullet
* The act or state of tracking or investigating something.
** 1964, Galaxy Magazine, volume 23, numbers 1-6, page 125:We have a five-man tracer on him now. He's heading for a Vorster cell on Michigan Boulevard, and he's drunk as a lord. Should we intercept him?
** 2011, Joint Commission Resources, Environment of Care Tracer Workbook, →ISBN, page 5:A surveyor typically conducts a tracer on his or her own and later meets up with the rest of the team to discuss findings.
** 2017, “From the Sewers”, CardCaptorXP (lyrics)‎:Ain't never running but I'm a paper chasing They gon catch up to me, they gon need a pacer How they over-watching me without a tracer
* A request to trace the movements of a person or an object, such as a shipment.
** 2010, Claire Gilbert, A Runway for a Dream:The next morning when she awoke, she told Darcy what had happened, and Darcy agreed that she should go to the police and this time ask them if they could put a tracer on her incoming phone calls, just in case he called again.
* A person who traces something.
* A device or instrument used to assist in making tracings.

#### Derived terms

* bead tracer
* contact tracer
* dye tracer
* filtrate tracer
* flow tracer
* gas tracer
* intrinsic tracer
* packet tracer
* path tracer
* radioactive tracer
* ray tracer
* signal tracer
* skip-tracer
* skip tracer
* tracer ammunition
* tracer bullet
* tracer element
* tracer log
* tracer round
* tracer shell

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Carter, Crater, arrect, carter, crater

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French tracier, from Vulgar Latin *tractiāre, from Latin tractum the past participle of trahō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʁa.se/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

tracer
* (transitive) to draw or plot (a diagram), to trace out
* (transitive) to rule (a line)
* (informal) to buck up, hurry up

#### Conjugation

This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.

#### Descendants

* German: trassieren

### Further reading

* “tracer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# oikealta
## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈoi̯keɑltɑ/, [ˈo̞i̯k̟e̞ˌɑ̝l̪t̪ɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑltɑ
* Hyphenation: oi‧ke‧al‧ta

### Adverb

oikealta
* from the right

### Adjective

oikealta
* ablative singular of oikea

#### Derived terms

* etuoikealta
* takaoikealta

### Further reading

* “oikealta”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# Esmeraldas
## Portuguese
### Proper noun

Esmeraldas
* A municipality of Minas Gerais, Brazil

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /esmeˈɾaldas/ [ez.meˈɾal̪.d̪as]
* Rhymes: -aldas
* Syllabification: Es‧me‧ral‧das

### Proper noun

Esmeraldas ?
* A province of Ecuador
* A city in Ecuador
* A municipality of Minas Gerais, Brazil

#### Derived terms

* esmeraldeño

### Further reading

* Esmeraldas (Ecuador) on the Spanish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{es}$
# exussit
## Latin
### Verb

exūssit
* third-person singular perfect active indicative of exūrō
* (Old Latin) third-person singular sigmatic future active indicative of exuō

#### Usage notes

See explanation at exuō.

### Verb

exūssīt
* (Old Latin) third-person singular sigmatic aorist active subjunctive of exuō

#### Usage notes

See explanation at exuō.
# próba samobójcza
## Polish
### Etymology

Literally, “suicide attempt”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpru.ba sa.mɔˈbuj.t͡ʂa/
* Syllabification: pró‧ba sa‧mo‧bój‧cza

### Noun

próba samobójcza f
* (medicine, psychiatry) suicide attempt
    Coordinate terms: myśli samobójcze, zamach samobójczy

#### Related terms

* samobójczy
* samobójca
* samobójczyni
* samobójstwo

### Further reading

* próba samobójcza in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# antybakteriologiczny
## Polish
### Etymology

From anty- +‎ bakteriologiczny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /an.tɘ.bak.tɛ.rjɔ.lɔˈɡit͡ʂ.nɘ/
* Rhymes: -it͡ʂnɘ
* Syllabification: an‧ty‧bak‧te‧rio‧lo‧gicz‧ny

### Adjective

antybakteriologiczny (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (rare) antibacterial (working against bacteria)
    Synonyms: antybakteryjny, przeciwbakteryjny
** 2001 November 24, “Podziemne kryjówki”, in Dziennik Polski, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Jagiellonia SA:Można się domyślać, iż instalacje trafiają przede wszystkim do schronów mających pełnić rolę stanowisk zarządzania kryzysowego. Tam, gdzie są "schroniska" dla zwykłych ludzi, nikt o filtrach antybakteriologicznych nie słyszał.One can guess, that installations land above all else to bunkers that are supposed to fill the role of crisis management posts. There, where there are "shelters" for common people, no one has heard of antibacterial filters.
** 1981, Waldemar Voisé, Zofia Skubała-Tokarska, editors, Z historii polskiej logiki: praca zbiorowa‎, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1, page 209:Jako przykład zastosowania metod eksperymentalnych in vivo, in vitro i eksperymentu klinicznego, opisanych przez Biegańskiego, może służyć współczesne odkrycie antybakteriologicznego działania penicyliny przez Aleksandra Fleminga.As an example of application of experimental methods in vivo, in vitro, and of a clinical experiment, described by Biegański, the modern discovery of antibacterial action of penicillin by Alexander Fleming can be of use.
** 1977, Stanisław Dobosiewicz, Mauthausen-Gusen, obóz zagłady‎, Wydawn. Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, page 358:Jako biochemik stosował różne preparaty antybakteriologiczne zielarskie i chemiczne.As a biochmiest he used different herbal and chemical antibacterial slides

#### Related terms

* antybakteryjny
* bakteriobójczy
* bakteriolityczny
* bakteriologiczny
* bakteriostatyczny
* przeciwbakteryjny
* antybakteryjnie
* bakteriobójczo
* bakteriolitycznie
* bakteriologicznie
* bakteriostatycznie
* bakteryjny
* przeciwbakteryjny
* bakteria
* bakteriofag
* bakterioliza
* bakteriolizyna
* bakteriolog
* bakteriologia
* bakterioterapia
* bakterioza
* bakteroid

### Further reading

* antybakteriologiczny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# aristaa
## Finnish
### Etymology

arka +‎ -istaa (factitive aspect)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑristɑːˣ/, [ˈɑ̝ris̠tɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ɑristɑː
* Hyphenation: aris‧taa

### Verb

aristaa
* (impersonal + partitive) to be sore
    Jalkojani aristaa.My legs are sore.
* (transitive, usually atelic) to be (very) careful with, handle (very) carefully (because it's sore)
    Hän aristi olkapäätään vielä kolme viikkoa pyöräonnettomuuden jälkeen.S/he was very careful with his/her shoulder as late as three weeks after the bike accident.
* (transitive, usually atelic) to be shy/timid/bashful with (usually as a lasting feature of personality)

#### Usage notes

* (to be shy, timid, bashful) aristaa and its frequentative derivative aristella are very close in meaning and they can quite freely be used as synonyms, although aristaa tends to refer to the lasting feature of timidity and aristella tends to refer to a single moment where someone is shy.

#### Synonyms

* (to be sore): sattua, koskea
* (to be very careful with): varoa
* (to be shy/timid/bashful): ujostella, kainostella, arastella, aristella, arkailla

#### Derived terms

* aristaminen
* aristus
* aristella
* aristua

### Further reading

* “aristaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* aarista, raaista, raatsia, sairaat