# 曈

| 曈 | U+66C8, &#26312; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66C8 |
| ← 曇 [U+66C7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 曉 → [U+66C9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

曈 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 日卜廿土 (AYTG), four-corner 6001$_4$, composition ⿰日童)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 500, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14175
* Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1537, character 8
* Unihan data for U+66C8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 曈 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 撞 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 幢 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 橦 | *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 噇 | *rdoːŋ |
| 𩪘 | *rdoːŋ |
| 艟 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 憧 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 畽 | *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ |
| 董 | *toːŋʔ |
| 蕫 | *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 箽 | *toːŋʔ |
| 懂 | *toːŋʔ |
| 湩 | *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs |
| 曈 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 童 | *doːŋ |
| 僮 | *doːŋ |
| 瞳 | *doːŋ |
| 罿 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 犝 | *doːŋ |
| 潼 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 穜 | *doːŋ, *doŋ |
| 動 | *doːŋʔ |
| 慟 | *doːŋs |
| 堹 | *toŋs |
| 諥 | *toŋs |
| 蹱 | *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ |
| 重 | *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs |
| 緟 | *doŋ, *doŋs |
| 蝩 | *doŋ |
| 褈 | *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 鐘 | *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 鍾 | *tjoŋ |
| 籦 | *tjoŋ |
| 種 | *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs |
| 腫 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 踵 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 歱 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 喠 | *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ |
| 偅 | *tjoŋs |
| 衝 | *tʰjoŋ |
| 揰 | *tʰjoŋs |
| 尰 | *djoŋʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tóng (tong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^2$
*** Yale: túng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^4$
*** Yale: tùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: duwng, thuwng, thuwngX
Rime :
| Character | 曈 | 曈 | 曈 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 透 (6) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 東 (1) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 徒紅切 | 他紅切 | 他孔切 |
| Baxter | duwng | thuwng | thuwngX |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duŋ/ | /tʰuŋ/ | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duŋ/ | /tʰuŋ/ | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duŋ/ | /tʰuŋ/ | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəwŋ/ | /tʰəwŋ/ | /tʰəwŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /duŋ/ | /tʰuŋ/ | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /duŋ/ | /tʰuŋ/ | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuŋ/ | /tʰuŋ/ | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tóng | tōng | tǒng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^4$ | tung$^1$ | tung$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰoːŋ/, /*tʰoːŋʔ/, /*doːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 曈 | 曈 | 曈 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 17437 | 17438 | 17445 |
| Phonetic component | 重 | 重 | 重 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 通 | 侗 | 同 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰoːŋ/ | /*tʰoːŋʔ/ | /*doːŋ/ |

### Definitions

曈
* twilight just before sunrise

#### Derived terms

* 亭曈 (tíngtóng)
* 曈曈
* 曈曚
* 曈曨 / 曈昽

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): とう (tō)、つ (tsu)
* Kun: ほのぐらい (honogurai)