# des
## English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

des
* (medicine, colloquial) Desflurane.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

des
* plural of de

### Anagrams

* sed, eds, Eds, Esd., SDE, EDS, EDs, SED, eds., DSE, ESD

## Bavarian
### Etymology 1

Cognate with German German das.

#### Alternative forms

* 's (unstressed form)

#### Pronoun

des
* this, that
* it (nominative and accusative)
    Synonym: es

##### Usage notes

The pronoun des is always definite, i.e. referring to a noun or statement. For impersonal usage, see es.

##### See also

| | | nominative | nominative | accusative | accusative | dative | dative |
| | | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed |
| 1st person singular | 1st person singular | i | — | mi | — | mia (mir) | ma |
| 2nd person singular (informal) | 2nd person singular (informal) | du | — | di | — | dia (dir) | da |
| 2nd person singular (formal) | 2nd person singular (formal) | Sie | — | Eahna | — | Eahna | — |
| 3rd person singular | m | er | a | eahm | 'n | eahm | 'n |
| 3rd person singular | n | es, des | 's | des | 's | eahm | 'n |
| 3rd person singular | f | se, de | 's | se | 's | ihr | — |
| 1st person plural | 1st person plural | mia (mir) | ma | uns | — | uns | — |
| 2nd person plural | 2nd person plural | eß, ihr | — | enk, eich | — | enk, eich | — |
| 3rd person plural | 3rd person plural | se | 's | eahna | — | eahna | — |

#### Article

des n
* the

##### See also

| | | m | m | n | n | f | f | pl | pl |
| | | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed |
| definite | nominative | der, da | — | das, es, des | 's | de | d' | de | d' |
| definite | accusative | en, den | 'n | das, es, des | 's | de | d' | de | d' |
| definite | dative | em, dem | 'm | em, dem | 'm | der, da | — | de | d' |
| definite | genitive$^1$ | des | des | des | des | der, da | der, da | der, da | der, da |
| indefinite | nominative | a | — | a | — | a | — | | |
| indefinite | accusative | an | 'n | a | — | a | — | | |
| indefinite | dative | am | 'm | am | 'm | a, ana | 'na | | |

### Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from German des.

#### Article

des
* (higher register or poetic, Tyrol, Lower Austria, Styria) singular masculine and neuter genitive case of the definite article: of the
** 1844, Johann Gabriel Seidl, Gedichte in niederösterreichischer Mundart, Druck und Verlag von J. P. Sollinger, Wien, page 210:Fragt má-r um den Grund des Wunders?(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1854, Gedichte im Tiroler Dialecte. Von C. v. L., p. 21 (in the poem Der Sommer. Im Kitzbichler Dialecte):
    Ge mooch a wenggail Stond Schau, weil i nett des Wegs a bi Oft thoan ma dlei mitnond Ey schaula Oergaill gest a zweg Schaugst gwiß dar Olma zua Oft had ma schia n dleichn Weg Hun höchst a besi Kua.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1870, Zither und Hackbret. Gedichte in obersteirischer Mundart von P. K. Rosegger. Mit einem Vorworte von Robert Hamerling, (Druck und Verlag von Josef Pock, Graz und Leipzig), p. 133:
    Und host bu bis des Priesters Hond Erhebt des Kelches Wein, Den Thurm erbaut zum Himmelsfol, So bist du wieda mein!(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1885, Edelweiß. Gedichte in niederösterreichischer Mundart von J. G. Hauer. Mit einem Vorworte von P. K. Rosegger, (Druck und Verlag von Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien), p. 133:
    Bet s dr Engl des Herrn o, Moch drauf wieda s Kreuz:(please add an English translation of this quotation)

## Catalan
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Late Latin de ēx.

#### Preposition

des
* from

##### Derived terms

* des de
* des que

### Etymology 2
#### Contraction

des
* Contraction of de and es.

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

des (obsolete)
* inflection of dar:
** second-person singular present subjunctive
** first/third-person singular imperfect subjunctive

### References

* “des” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Cimbrian
### Pronoun

des
* nominative/accusative singular neuter of dèar
    Des ist 's khint dar main sbéstare. ― This is my sister's child.
    Des ist an guuts baip. ― This is a good woman.

### Determiner

des
* nominative/accusative singular neuter of dèar
    Des ròss is net main. ― This horse is not mine.

### Further reading

* “des” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

## Danish
### Conjunction

des
* the
    Jo større den er, des gladere bliver jeg.The larger it is, the gladder I shall be.

#### Synonyms

* jo, desto

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɛs/, (historic) /dəs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: des

### Article

des
* (archaic) genitive singular masculine/neuter of de (“the”)

#### Usage notes

* Note that normally only the nominative de/het is used. The other forms are archaic, but survive in numerous idiomatic expressions such as des huizes, des morgens (itself archaic and shortened, like similar expressions, to 's morgens in contemporary Dutch).
* The current pronunciation is a spelling pronunciation. Before the word became archaic, it was pronounced with a schwa, /dəs/.

#### Synonyms

* 's

### Conjunction

des
* the ... the (used with te as an intensifier to indicate the degree of an action)
    Des te vaker de mensen Willem de rug toekeren des te beter! ― The more often people turn their back at Willem the better!

## East Central German
### Etymology

Cognate to German des.

### Article

des
* (Silesian, Gebirgsschlesisch, Breslauisch, genitive) of the

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From Swedish and German desto.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [des]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: des

### Particle

des
* the; used with ju and either pli (“more”) or malpli (“less”) to form the second half of a coordinated comparative.
    Ju pli mi lernas, des pli mi scias.The more I learn, the more I know.
** 1903, Ben Elmy, “La Lingvo de la floroj”, in The Esperantist: The Esperanto Gazette for the Spreading of the International Language, page 138:Ju pli ni studas la florojn, des pli ni konstatas, ke multe da ili posedas nesuspektitajn lertecojn, kiujn apud besto ni volonte nomus instinkto aŭ еĉ prudento.The more we study the flowers, the more we establish that many of them possess unexpected abilities, which in an animal we would willingly call instinct or even foresight.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Coordinate terms

* ju

## Fiji Hindi
### Etymology

Hindi देश (deś).

### Noun

des
* country
    India ek prachin des hae.India is an old country.

## Finnish
### Etymology

From German Des (German key notation).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdes/, [ˈde̞s̠]
* Rhymes: -es
* Hyphenation: des

### Noun

des
* (music) D-flat

#### Usage notes

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of des (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
desini
desini
accusative
nom.
desini
desini
gen.
desini
genitive
desini
desieni
partitive
desiäni
desejäni
inessive
desissäni
deseissäni
elative
desistäni
deseistäni
illative
desiini
deseihini
adessive
desilläni
deseilläni
ablative
desiltäni
deseiltäni
allative
desilleni
deseilleni
essive
desinäni
deseinäni
translative
desikseni
deseikseni
abessive
desittäni
deseittäni
instructive
comitative
—deseineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
desisi
desisi
accusative
nom.
desisi
desisi
gen.
desisi
genitive
desisi
desiesi
partitive
desiäsi
desejäsi
inessive
desissäsi
deseissäsi
elative
desistäsi
deseistäsi
illative
desiisi
deseihisi
adessive
desilläsi
deseilläsi
ablative
desiltäsi
deseiltäsi
allative
desillesi
deseillesi
essive
desinäsi
deseinäsi
translative
desiksesi
deseiksesi
abessive
desittäsi
deseittäsi
instructive
comitative
—deseinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
desimme
desimme
accusative
nom.
desimme
desimme
gen.
desimme
genitive
desimme
desiemme
partitive
desiämme
desejämme
inessive
desissämme
deseissämme
elative
desistämme
deseistämme
illative
desiimme
deseihimme
adessive
desillämme
deseillämme
ablative
desiltämme
deseiltämme
allative
desillemme
deseillemme
essive
desinämme
deseinämme
translative
desiksemme
deseiksemme
abessive
desittämme
deseittämme
instructive
comitative
—deseinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
desinne
desinne
accusative
nom.
desinne
desinne
gen.
desinne
genitive
desinne
desienne
partitive
desiänne
desejänne
inessive
desissänne
deseissänne
elative
desistänne
deseistänne
illative
desiinne
deseihinne
adessive
desillänne
deseillänne
ablative
desiltänne
deseiltänne
allative
desillenne
deseillenne
essive
desinänne
deseinänne
translative
desiksenne
deseiksenne
abessive
desittänne
deseittänne
instructive
comitative
—deseinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
desinsä
desinsä
accusative
nom.
desinsä
desinsä
gen.
desinsä
genitive
desinsä
desiensä
partitive
desiään desiänsä
desejään desejänsä
inessive
desissään desissänsä
deseissään deseissänsä
elative
desistään desistänsä
deseistään deseistänsä
illative
desiinsä
deseihinsä
adessive
desillään desillänsä
deseillään deseillänsä
ablative
desiltään desiltänsä
deseiltään deseiltänsä
allative
desilleen desillensä
deseilleen deseillensä
essive
desinään desinänsä
deseinään deseinänsä
translative
desikseen desiksensä
deseikseen deseiksensä
abessive
desittään desittänsä
deseittään deseittänsä
instructive
comitative
—deseineen deseinensä :

#### Derived terms

* Des-duuri

## Franco-Provençal
### Determiner

des
* plural of un

## French
### Etymology

The use as an article is a special case of the contraction.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /de/, (before a vowel) /de.z‿/
* IPA: /dɛ/, (before a vowel) /dɛ.z‿/
* Audio:(file)

### Article

des m pl or f pl
* plural of un (“some; the plural indefinite article”)
* plural of une (“some; the plural indefinite article”)
* plural of du (“some; the plural partitive article”)
* plural of de la (“some; the plural partitive article”)
* plural of de l’ (“some; the plural partitive article”)

#### Usage notes

* The plural indefinite article des is elided when it would follow the preposition de.

#### Derived terms

* et des

### Contraction

des
* Contraction of de les (“of the, from the, some”).

### Further reading

* “des”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Etymology

From Latin dē + ex.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /des/

### Preposition

des
* since
* from (a location)

#### Derived terms

* des que
* desde

### Further reading

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “des”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “des”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## German
### Alternative forms

* -'s

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dəs/ (generally)
* IPA: /dɛs/ (when stressed, which is rare)
* Audio:(file)

### Article

des
* genitive masculine/neuter singular of der: the

#### Declension

German definite articles :
| | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural |
| Nominative | der | die | das | die |
| Genitive | des | der | des | der |
| Dative | dem | der | dem | den |
| Accusative | den | die | das | die |

## Guinea-Bissau Creole
### Etymology

From Portuguese dez. Cognate with Kabuverdianu dés.

### Numeral

des
* ten (10)

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /deːs/, [d̪eːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /des/, [d̪ɛs]

### Verb

dēs
* second-person singular present active subjunctive of dō

## Lombard
### Alternative forms

* dex, dés (Western orthographies)
* déss (Eastern orthographies)

### Etymology

From Latin decem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /des/, [deːs]
* IPA: /des/, [deːh], [deːʰ], [deː] (High Brescian and Bergamasque)
* IPA: /des/, [deːʃ] (Ticinese and Valtellinese)

### Numeral

des
* ten

## Megleno-Romanian
### Etymology

From Latin densus.

### Adjective

des
* frequent, often
* abundant, copious
* dense, thick

### References

* ↑ https://www.dex.ro/des
* ↑ https://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/Pagin%C4%83:Theodor_Capidan_-_Meglenorom%C3%A2nii,_vol._I_(Istoria_%C8%99i_graiul_lor).pdf/78

## Middle Dutch
### Article

des
* masculine/neuter genitive singular of die

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

des
* Alternative form of deis (“dais”)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

des
* plural of de (“die”)

#### Noun

des
* Alternative form of dees (“die”)

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

From Late Latin dē ex.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /des̺/

### Preposition

des
* since (from a time)
** 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 188 (facsimile):
    q̇ mui de coraçon ſenpre a amou des menỹnez
       who loved her very heartily since childhood

#### Descendants

* Galician: des
* Portuguese: dês
Forms combined with de:
* Fala: desde
* Galician: desde
* Portuguese: desde

## Piedmontese
### Etymology

From Latin decem, from Proto-Italic *dekem. Cognates include Italian diece and French dix.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /des/

### Numeral

des
* ten

## Romanian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin dēnsus (“dense; frequent”), from Proto-Indo-European *dens- (“thick, dense”). Doublet of dens, a borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /des/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

des m or n (feminine singular deasă, masculine plural deși, feminine and neuter plural dese)
* frequent, often
    Antonym: rar
* abundant, copious
* dense, thick

#### Derived terms

* desiș

#### Related terms

* îndesa

#### See also

* dens

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdes/ [ˈd̪es]
* Rhymes: -es
* Syllabification: des

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Late Latin dē ex.

#### Preposition

des
* (rare) since

##### Derived terms

* desde

#### Further reading

* “des”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

des f pl
* plural of de

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

des
* inflection of dar:
** second-person singular present subjunctive
** second-person singular voseo present subjunctive

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English desk.

### Noun

des
* desk

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* deles (colloquial)
* deses (colloquial)
* dethes (colloquial)
* deuthum (literary)
* dois (colloquial)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /deːs/

### Verb

des
* first-person singular preterite colloquial of dod

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Zazaki
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *dáca (“ten”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥ (“ten”).

### Numeral

des
* ten