# gramma
## English
### Etymology 1

Pronunciation spelling of grandma.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɹæ(m)mɑː/, /ˈɡɹæmə/

#### Noun

gramma (plural grammas)
* (colloquial) A grandmother.
** 1901, Karl Groos, James Mark Baldwin, The Play of Man, page 138:Go on, there, driver, gramma is going.
** 1910 January, W.D.N., “The Dinner at Grampa's”, in Harper's Monthly Magazine, volume 120, number 716, page 321:My gramma—all her hair is white Like snow is, but it isn't cold.
** 1952, Louise Woodcock, Life and Ways of the Two-year-old, page 244:Polly trotted here and there with motions of taking gramma's hand, and so forth.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

gramma (plural grammas)
* (Australia) A variety of pumpkin, a cultivar of Cucurbita moschata.
    Traditionally Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata have been placed into two groups - pumpkins and grammas respectively.
** 1941, H. Barnes, Robert Veitch, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Stock, John Howard Simmonds, The Queensland Agricultural and Pastoral Handbook, Volume 1, page 238,
    Pumpkins and grammas are harvested when mature, usually when the vines have died or been frosted.
** 1952, Desmond Andrew Herbert, Gardening in Warm Climates, page 151:The papaw pumpkin belongs to a different species (C. moschata) and is classed as a gramma.
** 1983, Margaret Fulton, Encyclopedia of Food and Cookery: The Complete Kitchen Companion from A to Z, Revised 2005, Republished 2009, page 493,
    Gramma, or bugle, pumpkin is the variety traditionally used for pumpkin pie, but if it is not available, use butternut instead.

##### Synonyms

* (Cucurbita moschata cultivar): bugle pumpkin, butternut squash, papaw pumpkin

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

gramma (plural grammas)
* Alternative form of grama
** 1898, “Dennis v. United States”, in The Pacific Reporter, volume 52, page 355:Accompanying said proposal any effort was made by the government to was a bond executed by said Drachman as obtain gramma hay for use at Ft. Huachuca.
** 1902, Report of the Governor of New Mexico to the Secretary of the Interior, page 233:It is sometimes known as the "gramma grass," and is probably as valuable as any of the true gramma grasses; it is also called "mesquite grass."
** 1906, William Harding Carter, Horses, Saddles and Bridles, page 369:It is relished by cattle and horses, and is next to the gramma in value in those regions.

### Etymology 4

From Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma). Doublet of gram.

#### Noun

gramma (plural grammata)
* Something that is written.
** 1865, James Hutchison Stirling, The Secret of Hegel: Being the Hegelian System in Origin, Principle, Form and Matter, volume II, London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green, page 125:This discussion immediately before us embraces a preliminary paragraph, and three statements of moments, respectively designated by the grammata—α, β, γ.
** 1933, American Academy for Jewish Research, Proceedings, volume IV, page 90:“ […] The first thing that the disciple learns is to read the grammata of his teacher.”
** 1974, Jan M. Broekman, Brunhilde Helm, transl., Structuralism: Moscow – Prague – Paris, D. Reidel Publishing Company, →ISBN, pages 93–94:The subject can only speak in so far as it follows the traces of the grammata of the writing (écriture).
** 1993, The Greek Monasteries of Sozopolis: XIV-XVII Centuries, Institute for Balkan Studies, page 20:The fourteen patriarchal grammata which we have at our disposal in the Patmiacus codex are written by eight different patriarchs, Jeremias II claiming the lion’s share with no less than five grammata. Next comes Metrophanes III with three grammata, and Dionysios I, Joasaph II, Jeremias I, Dionysios II, Theoleptos II, and Neophytos II, all with one gramma each.
* The subjects of reading, writing, and arithmetic.
** 1855, J. Talboys Wheeler, The Life and Travels of Herodotus in the Fifth Century Before Christ: An Imaginary Biography Founded on Fact, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, page 22:The studies were divided into three branches. First, the grammata, which included reading, writing, and arithmetic; secondly, music; and thirdly, gymnastics.

##### Translations
### Anagrams

* Margam

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma). See gram for more.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡrɑmːɑ/, [ˈɡrɑ̝mːɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑmːɑ
* Hyphenation: gram‧ma

### Noun

gramma
* gram

#### Declension

Possessive forms of gramma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
grammani
grammani
accusative
nom.
grammani
grammani
gen.
grammani
genitive
grammani
grammojeni grammaini $^{rare}$
partitive
grammaani
grammojani
inessive
grammassani
grammoissani
elative
grammastani
grammoistani
illative
grammaani
grammoihini
adessive
grammallani
grammoillani
ablative
grammaltani
grammoiltani
allative
grammalleni
grammoilleni
essive
grammanani
grammoinani
translative
grammakseni
grammoikseni
abessive
grammattani
grammoittani
instructive
comitative
—grammoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
grammasi
grammasi
accusative
nom.
grammasi
grammasi
gen.
grammasi
genitive
grammasi
grammojesi grammaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
grammaasi
grammojasi
inessive
grammassasi
grammoissasi
elative
grammastasi
grammoistasi
illative
grammaasi
grammoihisi
adessive
grammallasi
grammoillasi
ablative
grammaltasi
grammoiltasi
allative
grammallesi
grammoillesi
essive
grammanasi
grammoinasi
translative
grammaksesi
grammoiksesi
abessive
grammattasi
grammoittasi
instructive
comitative
—grammoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
grammamme
grammamme
accusative
nom.
grammamme
grammamme
gen.
grammamme
genitive
grammamme
grammojemme grammaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
grammaamme
grammojamme
inessive
grammassamme
grammoissamme
elative
grammastamme
grammoistamme
illative
grammaamme
grammoihimme
adessive
grammallamme
grammoillamme
ablative
grammaltamme
grammoiltamme
allative
grammallemme
grammoillemme
essive
grammanamme
grammoinamme
translative
grammaksemme
grammoiksemme
abessive
grammattamme
grammoittamme
instructive
comitative
—grammoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
grammanne
grammanne
accusative
nom.
grammanne
grammanne
gen.
grammanne
genitive
grammanne
grammojenne grammainne $^{rare}$
partitive
grammaanne
grammojanne
inessive
grammassanne
grammoissanne
elative
grammastanne
grammoistanne
illative
grammaanne
grammoihinne
adessive
grammallanne
grammoillanne
ablative
grammaltanne
grammoiltanne
allative
grammallenne
grammoillenne
essive
grammananne
grammoinanne
translative
grammaksenne
grammoiksenne
abessive
grammattanne
grammoittanne
instructive
comitative
—grammoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
grammansa
grammansa
accusative
nom.
grammansa
grammansa
gen.
grammansa
genitive
grammansa
grammojensa grammainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
grammaansa
grammojaan grammojansa
inessive
grammassaan grammassansa
grammoissaan grammoissansa
elative
grammastaan grammastansa
grammoistaan grammoistansa
illative
grammaansa
grammoihinsa
adessive
grammallaan grammallansa
grammoillaan grammoillansa
ablative
grammaltaan grammaltansa
grammoiltaan grammoiltansa
allative
grammalleen grammallensa
grammoilleen grammoillensa
essive
grammanaan grammanansa
grammoinaan grammoinansa
translative
grammakseen grammaksensa
grammoikseen grammoiksensa
abessive
grammattaan grammattansa
grammoittaan grammoittansa
instructive
comitative
—grammoineen grammoinensa :

#### Derived terms

* desigramma
* eksagramma
* grammamolekyyli
* grammapaino
* kilogramma
* mikrogramma
* milligramma
* senttigramma

#### See also

* kilogramma
* mikrogramma
* milligramma

### Further reading

* “gramma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## Icelandic
### Noun

gramma
* indefinite genitive plural of gramm

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian грамм (gramm).

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈɡrɑmːɑ/, [ˈɡrɑmː]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈɡrɑmːɑ/, [ˈkrɑmːɑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑmː, -ɑmːɑ
* Hyphenation: gram‧ma

### Noun

gramma
* gram
** 1937, N. S. Popova, translated by Mihailov and D. I. Efimov, Arifmetiikan oppikirja alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:1 kilogramma = 1000 grammaa, 1 çentnera = 100 kilogrammaa, 1 tonna = 1000 kilogrammaa.1 kilogram = 1000 grams, 1 centner = 100 kilograms, 1 ton = 1000 kilograms.

#### Derived terms

* kilogramma

## Interlingua
### Noun

gramma (plural grammas)
* gramme, gram

## Italian
### Noun

gramma m (plural grammi)
* Alternative form of grammo: gram

#### Related terms

* -gramma

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈɡram.ma/, [ˈɡrämːä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈɡram.ma/, [ˈɡrämːä]

### Noun

gramma n (genitive grammatis); third declension
* gram (unit of mass)

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

### References

* “gramma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* gramma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* gramma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* gramma in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* grammene

### Noun

gramma n
* definite plural of gram

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

gramma n
* definite plural of gram