# -ari
## Basque
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Basque [Term?], a borrowing from Latin -ārium.

#### Alternative forms

* -lari, -kari

#### Suffix

-ari
* Used to create names of occupations from nouns.
    ‎olerki (“poem”) + ‎-ari → ‎olerkari (“poet”)
* Used to form adverbs and nouns from nouns of time; every, each
    ‎egun (“day”) + ‎-ari → ‎egunkari (“newspaper”)

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* -kari

#### Suffix

-ari
* Used in names of meals.
    ‎arrats (“evening”) + ‎-ari → ‎askari (“afternoon snack”)
    ‎baratu (“to stop”) + ‎-ari → ‎barazkari (“lunch”)

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 3

From -a (definite article) +‎ -(r)i (dative suffix).

#### Suffix

-ari
* Dative singular suffix.

##### Declension
### References

* ↑ Mitxelena, Koldo L. (1961) Fonética histórica vasca [Basque Historical Phonetics] (Obras completas de Luis Michelena; 1) (in Spanish), Diputación Foral de Guipuzkoa, published 1990, →ISBN, page 135
* ↑ “-ari” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin -ārius. Doublet of -er.

### Suffix

-ari (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ària, masculine plural -aris, feminine plural -àries)
* forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “of or related to the suffixed nouns”
    ‎revolució (“revolution”) + ‎-ari → ‎revolucionari (“revolutionary”)

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “-ari”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
* “-ari” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

## Faroese
### Etymology

From the Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”), from Middle Low German [Term?], from Latin -ārius.

### Suffix

-ari m (genitive singular -ara, plural -arar)
* -er, -or; (a masculine suffix used to form agent nouns from verb and noun stems)
    at baka (“to bake”) + -ari → bakari (“a baker”).

#### Derived terms

* átari
* flekjari
* klokkari
* skrivar

## Finnish
### Alternative forms

* -uri

### Etymology

Mostly borrowed from Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”) (itself mostly from Latin -ārius) through its use in many loanwords. Partially from and reinforced by -ri.

### Suffix

-ari (front vowel harmony variant -äri, linguistic notation -Ari)
* Used to create names of occupations from nouns or verbs.
    ‎kartta (“map”) + ‎-uri → ‎kartturi (“navigator”)
    ‎vaate (“garment”) + ‎-uri → ‎vaatturi (“tailor”)
    ‎duunata (“to work”) + ‎-ari → ‎duunari (“worker”)
    ‎puutarha (“garden”) + ‎-uri → ‎puutarhuri (“gardener”)
    ‎urut (“organ”) + ‎-uri → ‎urkuri (“organist”)
    ‎saha (“saw, sawmill”) + ‎-uri → ‎sahuri (“sawmill operator”)
    ‎rokki (“rock music”) + ‎-ari → ‎rokkari (“rocker”)
* (colloquial) General denominal noun suffix.
    ‎huppu + ‎-ari → ‎huppari
    ‎häly + ‎-ari → ‎häläri
    ‎hintti + ‎-ari → ‎hinttari
    ‎kulma + ‎-uri → ‎kulmuri
* (colloquial) Denominal suffix used to clip nouns.
    ‎ostoskeskus + ‎-ari → ‎ostari
    ‎ryynimakkara + ‎-ari → ‎ryynäri
    ‎poskisauhu + ‎-ari → ‎poskari
* (slang) Used to create terms meaning "supporter of something"
    ‎kommunisti (“communist”) + ‎-ari → ‎kommari
    ‎sosiaalidemokraatti (“social democrat”) + ‎-ari → ‎demari

#### Usage notes

* In slang clippings, the suffix may cause gemination of the preceding consonant if phonotactically possible.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of -ari (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-arini
-arini
accusative
nom.
-arini
-arini
gen.
-arini
genitive
-arini
-arieni -areideni -areitteni
partitive
-ariani
-areitani -arejani
inessive
-arissani
-areissani
elative
-aristani
-areistani
illative
-ariini
-areihini
adessive
-arillani
-areillani
ablative
-ariltani
-areiltani
allative
-arilleni
-areilleni
essive
-arinani
-areinani
translative
-arikseni
-areikseni
abessive
-arittani
-areittani
instructive
comitative
—-areineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-arisi
-arisi
accusative
nom.
-arisi
-arisi
gen.
-arisi
genitive
-arisi
-ariesi -areidesi -areittesi
partitive
-ariasi
-areitasi -arejasi
inessive
-arissasi
-areissasi
elative
-aristasi
-areistasi
illative
-ariisi
-areihisi
adessive
-arillasi
-areillasi
ablative
-ariltasi
-areiltasi
allative
-arillesi
-areillesi
essive
-arinasi
-areinasi
translative
-ariksesi
-areiksesi
abessive
-arittasi
-areittasi
instructive
comitative
—-areinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-arimme
-arimme
accusative
nom.
-arimme
-arimme
gen.
-arimme
genitive
-arimme
-ariemme -areidemme -areittemme
partitive
-ariamme
-areitamme -arejamme
inessive
-arissamme
-areissamme
elative
-aristamme
-areistamme
illative
-ariimme
-areihimme
adessive
-arillamme
-areillamme
ablative
-ariltamme
-areiltamme
allative
-arillemme
-areillemme
essive
-arinamme
-areinamme
translative
-ariksemme
-areiksemme
abessive
-arittamme
-areittamme
instructive
comitative
—-areinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-arinne
-arinne
accusative
nom.
-arinne
-arinne
gen.
-arinne
genitive
-arinne
-arienne -areidenne -areittenne
partitive
-arianne
-areitanne -arejanne
inessive
-arissanne
-areissanne
elative
-aristanne
-areistanne
illative
-ariinne
-areihinne
adessive
-arillanne
-areillanne
ablative
-ariltanne
-areiltanne
allative
-arillenne
-areillenne
essive
-arinanne
-areinanne
translative
-ariksenne
-areiksenne
abessive
-arittanne
-areittanne
instructive
comitative
—-areinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-arinsa
-arinsa
accusative
nom.
-arinsa
-arinsa
gen.
-arinsa
genitive
-arinsa
-ariensa -areidensa -areittensa
partitive
-ariaan -ariansa
-areitaan -arejaan -areitansa -arejansa
inessive
-arissaan -arissansa
-areissaan -areissansa
elative
-aristaan -aristansa
-areistaan -areistansa
illative
-ariinsa
-areihinsa
adessive
-arillaan -arillansa
-areillaan -areillansa
ablative
-ariltaan -ariltansa
-areiltaan -areiltansa
allative
-arilleen -arillensa
-areilleen -areillensa
essive
-arinaan -arinansa
-areinaan -areinansa
translative
-arikseen -ariksensa
-areikseen -areiksensa
abessive
-arittaan -arittansa
-areittaan -areittansa
instructive
comitative
—-areineen -areinensa :

#### Derived terms
## Icelandic
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Norse -ari (suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs). This suffix is not Germanic, ultimately deriving from Latin -ārius through borrowings, and lives on in different guises in the Germanic languages, e.g., in the German -er, used for the same purpose.

### Suffix

-ari m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -ara, nominative plural -arar)
* -er, -or; a masculine suffix used to form agent nouns from verb and noun stems
    ‎leika (“to act”) + ‎-ari → ‎leikari (“actor”)

#### Derived terms
## Italian
### Etymology 1
#### Suffix

-ari m or f
* plural of -are

### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

-ari m
* masculine plural of -aro

### Etymology 3
#### Suffix

-ari m
* masculine plural of -ario

### Anagrams

* -irà, RAI, Rai, ira, rai, ria, rià

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈaː.riː/, [ˈäːriː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.ri/, [ˈäːri]

### Etymology 1

Apparently from a dative singular in -ī, the semantic shift being "for Xing" > "to be Xed".

#### Suffix

-ārī
* present passive infinitive of -ō (first conjugation)

### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

-ārī
* dative/ablative singular of -āris

## Old High German
### Alternative forms

* -ari, -eri

### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *-ārī.

#### Suffix

-āri
* used to form agent nouns
    from nouns: ‎buoch (“book”) + ‎-āri → ‎buochāri (“scholar”)
    from verbs: ‎hëlfan (“to help”) + ‎-āri → ‎hëlfāri (“helper”)

##### Descendants

* Middle High German: -ære, -er
** Alemannic German: -er
** Bavarian: -er
** Cimbrian: -ar
** German: -er
** Luxembourgish: -er
** Yiddish: ־ער (-er)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *warjaz.

#### Suffix

-āri
* used to form demonyms
    Baiāri (“Bavarian”)
    Romāri (“Roman”)

##### Descendants

* German: -er

## Old Norse
### Etymology

Borrowed as part of Medieval Latin and Middle Low German words. In both cases, it stems from Latin -ārius. The suffix -ari replaced the native suffix -i which was used for agent nouns before: skytari (“shooter, bowman”) instead of skyti (“shooter, bowman”), both derived from skjóta (“to shoot”).

### Suffix

-ari m
* a suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs
    ‎baka (“to bake”) + ‎-ari → ‎bakari (“baker”)

#### Usage notes

* -ari, while common in the descendant languages, is never found in the oldest poetry or Runic inscriptions and very rare in Old Norse. Native alternatives like -ir, -i and -andi are preferred.

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: -ari
* Faroese: -ari
* Norwegian Nynorsk: -ar; (dialectal) -ari, -are, -ær
* Old Swedish: -are, -ari
** Swedish: -are
* Old Danish: -eræ
** Danish: -er
** Norwegian Bokmål: -er
* → Estonian: -r
* → Finnish: -ari, -uri

### References

* ↑ Olav Næs (1952) Norsk Grammatikk — Ordlære (in Old Norse), page 246

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *-ārī.

### Suffix

-āri
* Forms masculine agent nouns from verbs: -er
* Forms masculine agent nouns from other nouns: -er

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: -ære, -ēre, -ere
** Low German: -er

### References

* Köbler, Gerhard, Altsächsisches Wörterbuch (5th edition 2014)

## Old Swedish
### Suffix

-ari m
* Alternative form of -are

#### Declension
## Romansch
### Etymology

From Latin -ārium, -ārius.

### Suffix

-ari
* -ary (nominal suffix)