OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# termoelèctric
## Catalan
### Etymology

From termo- +‎ elèctric.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˌtɛr.mu.əˈlɛk.tɾik]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ˌtɛr.mo.əˈlɛk.tɾik]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˌtɛɾ.mo.eˈlɛk.tɾik]
* Rhymes: -ɛktɾik

### Adjective

termoelèctric (feminine termoelèctrica, masculine plural termoelèctrics, feminine plural termoelèctriques)
* thermoelectric

#### Related terms

* termoelectricitat

### Further reading

* “termoelèctric” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
# stops off
## English
### Verb

stops off
* third-person singular simple present indicative of stop off
# پاسبانی
## Persian
### Etymology

From پاسبان (pâsbân) +‎ ـی (-i).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [pɑːs.bɑː.ˈniː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰɑːs.bɑː.níː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰɑːs.bɑː.níː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [pʰɑːs.bɑː.níː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [pʰɔːs.bɔː.ní]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [pʰɒːs.bɒː.níː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [pʰɔs.bɔ.ní]

### Noun

پاسبانی • (pâsbâni)
* watching over, guarding
* guardianship, protection

#### Derived terms

* پاسبانی کردن (pâsbâni kardan)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “پاسبانی”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# akrobatický
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈakrobatɪt͡skiː]
* Rhymes: -ɪtskiː

### Adjective

akrobatický
* acrobatic

#### Related terms

* akrobacie
* akrobat
* akrobatka

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈakrɔbacit͡skiː]

### Adjective

akrobatický
* acrobatic

#### Declension
### References

* “akrobatický”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# jowialny
## Polish
### Etymology

Internationalism; compare English jovial, French jovial, German jovial, ultimately from Italian gioviale +‎ -ny, from Latin ioviālis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɔˈvjal.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -alnɘ
* Syllabification: jo‧wial‧ny

### Adjective

jowialny (comparative jowialniejszy, superlative najjowialniejszy, derived adverb jowialnie)
* (literary) jolly, jovial, merry (cheerful and good-humoured)
    jowialny staruszek ― jovial old man

#### Derived terms

* jowialność

### Further reading

* jowialny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* jowialny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# kureń
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ukrainian курі́нь (kurínʹ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈku.rɛɲ/
* Rhymes: -urɛɲ
* Syllabification: ku‧reń
* Homophone: Kureń

### Noun

kureń m inan
* (historical, obsolete) Alternative form of kurzeń

#### Declension

Or more rarely:

#### Derived terms

* kureniowy

### Further reading

* kureń in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* “kureń”, in Słownik gramatyczny języka polskiego [Grammatical Dictionary of Polish], 2022
# corrosivo
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kor.roˈzi.vo/
* Rhymes: -ivo
* Hyphenation: cor‧ro‧sì‧vo

### Adjective

corrosivo (feminine corrosiva, masculine plural corrosivi, feminine plural corrosive)
* corrosive

#### Derived terms

* corrosivamente
* corrosività

### Noun

corrosivo m (plural corrosivi)
* corrosive

### Further reading

* corrosivo in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /kor.roːˈsiː.u̯oː/, [kɔrːoːˈs̠iːu̯oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /kor.roˈsi.vo/, [korːoˈs̬iːvo]

### Adjective

corrōsīvō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of corrōsīvus

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin corrōsīvus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koroˈsibo/ [ko.roˈsi.β̞o]
* Rhymes: -ibo
* Syllabification: co‧rro‧si‧vo

### Adjective

corrosivo (feminine corrosiva, masculine plural corrosivos, feminine plural corrosivas)
* corrosive
    Synonym: mordaz

#### Derived terms

* anticorrosivo

#### Related terms

* corroer
* corrosión

### Further reading

* “corrosivo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# strapping up
## English
### Verb

strapping up
* present participle and gerund of strap up
# wysługiwać
## Polish
### Etymology

From wysłużyć +‎ -iwać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɘ.swuˈɡi.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio; “wysługiwać się”:(file)
* Rhymes: -ivat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: wy‧słu‧gi‧wać

### Verb

wysługiwać impf (perfective wysłużyć)
* (transitive) to earn through service
    Synonym: dosługiwać się
* (intransitive) to work up till
* (reflexive with się) to make use of [with instrumental ‘somebody’] (to have one's work done by somebody else)
    Synonym: wyręczać się
* (reflexive with się, derogatory) to fetch and carry [with dative ‘for someone’] (to serve obsequiously)
    Synonym: usługiwać

#### Related terms

* wysłużny
* wysłużony
* sługa
* służba
* wysługa
* wysługa lat
* służyć impf

### Further reading

* wysługiwać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# toxicólogo
## Galician
### Noun

toxicólogo m (plural toxicólogos, feminine toxicóloga, feminine plural toxicólogas)
* (toxicology) toxicologist (scientist or physician whose specialty is toxicology)

#### Related terms

* toxicoloxía

### Further reading

* “toxicólogo”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From tóxico (“toxic”) +‎ -logo.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /tok.siˈkɔ.lo.ɡu/, /ˌtɔk.siˈkɔ.lo.ɡu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /tok.siˈkɔ.lo.ɡu/, /ˌtɔk.siˈkɔ.lo.ɡu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /tok.siˈkɔ.lo.ɡo/, /ˌtɔk.siˈkɔ.lo.ɡo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /tɔ.ksiˈkɔ.lu.ɡu/ [tɔ.ksiˈkɔ.lu.ɣu], /ˌtɔ.ksiˈkɔ.lu.ɡu/ [ˌtɔ.ksiˈkɔ.lu.ɣu]
* Hyphenation: to‧xi‧có‧lo‧go

### Noun

toxicólogo m (plural toxicólogos, feminine toxicóloga, feminine plural toxicólogas)
* (toxicology) toxicologist (scientist or physician whose specialty is toxicology)
    Synonym: toxicologista

#### Related terms

* tóxico
* toxicologia
* toxicológico
* toxicologista
* toxina

## Spanish
### Noun

toxicólogo m (plural toxicólogos, feminine toxicóloga, feminine plural toxicólogas)
* (toxicology) toxicologist (scientist or physician whose specialty is toxicology)

#### Related terms

* toxicología

### Further reading

* “toxicólogo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# rychtář
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech rychtář, from Old High German rihter.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrɪxtaːr̝̊]
* Hyphenation: rych‧tář

### Noun

rychtář m anim (female equivalent rychtářka)
* (historical) bailiff, magistrate

#### Usage notes

* Referred to a village or small town magistrate, mainly posing as the judiciary for the given municipality. The office was cancelled in 1849.

#### Related terms

* rychta

### Further reading

* “rychtář”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “rychtář”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “rychtář”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old High German rihter.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈrɨxtaːr̝/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈrixtaːr̝̊/

### Noun

rychtář m inan
* bailiff, magistrate
* judge

#### Descendants

* Czech: rychtář

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “rychtář”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
# sağır
## Crimean Tatar
### Noun

sağır
* deaf

## Salar
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Oghuz *sagïr. Cognate to Azerbaijani and Turkish sağır.
An Oghuz lexical item. According to Abu Hayyan, while the Turkmens say sağır, the Kipchaks say saŋır.

### Pronunciation

* (Ili, Xinjiang, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA: /sɑʁɨr/

### Adjective

sağır
* deaf

### Noun

sağır (3rd person possessive sağırı, plural sağırlar)
* deaf (person)

### References

* ↑ Dwyer, Arienne M. (1998) “the Turkic Stratigraphy of Salar: An Oghuz in Chagatay Clothes?”, in Turkic Languages, Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 49-83
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sağır”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Potanin, G.N. (1893) “sağır”, in Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголия (in Russian), page 427
* Poppe, Nicholas (1953). Remarks on The Salar Language. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 16(3/4), 438–477.
* Kakuk, S. (1962). “Un Vocabulaire Salar.” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 14, no. 2: 173–96.
* Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “sağır”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 470
* 林 (Lin), 莲云 (Lianyun) (1992) “sağır”, in 撒拉汉汉撒拉词汇 [Salar-Chinese, Chinese-Salar Vocabulary], 成都: 四川民族出版社, →ISBN, page 60
* Ma, Chengjun, Han, Lianye, Ma, Weisheng (December 2010) “sağır”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 244
* 马伟 (Ma Wei), 朝克 (Chao Ke) (2016) “sağır”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages ​​- Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 国家社会科学基金项目 (National Social Science Foundation Project), page 269

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish صاغر, from Proto-Turkic *saŋïr (“deaf”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɑ.ɯɾ/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

sağır
* deaf
    sağır dilsiz ― deaf mute

#### Declension
### Noun

sağır (definite accusative sağırı, plural sağırlar)
* deaf

#### Derived terms

* sağır etmek
* sağırlaşmak
* sağırlaştırmak
* sağırlık

### Further reading

* “sağır”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# sumita
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /suˈmi.ta/
* Rhymes: -ita
* Syllabification: su‧mi‧ta

### Noun

sumita m pers
* sumotori

#### Related terms

* sumo

### Further reading

* sumita in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* sumita in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Muhos
## Finnish
### Etymology

Probably from the surname Muhonen. The town is named after a village, which in turn is named after an island or a body of water.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmuhos/, [ˈmuɦo̞s̠]
* Rhymes: -uhos
* Hyphenation: Mu‧hos

### Proper noun

Muhos
* A municipality of North Ostrobothnia, Finland.

#### Declension

The external locative cases (adessive, allative and ablative) are used with this place name when referring to a location; for example, "in Muhos" is Muhoksella.
Possessive forms of Muhos (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Muhokseni
accusative
nom.
Muhokseni
gen.
Muhokseni
genitive
Muhokseni
partitive
Muhostani
inessive
Muhoksessani
elative
Muhoksestani
illative
Muhokseeni
adessive
Muhoksellani
ablative
Muhokseltani
allative
Muhokselleni
essive
Muhoksenani
translative
Muhoksekseni
abessive
Muhoksettani
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Muhoksesi
accusative
nom.
Muhoksesi
gen.
Muhoksesi
genitive
Muhoksesi
partitive
Muhostasi
inessive
Muhoksessasi
elative
Muhoksestasi
illative
Muhokseesi
adessive
Muhoksellasi
ablative
Muhokseltasi
allative
Muhoksellesi
essive
Muhoksenasi
translative
Muhokseksesi
abessive
Muhoksettasi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Muhoksemme
accusative
nom.
Muhoksemme
gen.
Muhoksemme
genitive
Muhoksemme
partitive
Muhostamme
inessive
Muhoksessamme
elative
Muhoksestamme
illative
Muhokseemme
adessive
Muhoksellamme
ablative
Muhokseltamme
allative
Muhoksellemme
essive
Muhoksenamme
translative
Muhokseksemme
abessive
Muhoksettamme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Muhoksenne
accusative
nom.
Muhoksenne
gen.
Muhoksenne
genitive
Muhoksenne
partitive
Muhostanne
inessive
Muhoksessanne
elative
Muhoksestanne
illative
Muhokseenne
adessive
Muhoksellanne
ablative
Muhokseltanne
allative
Muhoksellenne
essive
Muhoksenanne
translative
Muhokseksenne
abessive
Muhoksettanne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Muhoksensa
accusative
nom.
Muhoksensa
gen.
Muhoksensa
genitive
Muhoksensa
partitive
Muhostaan Muhostansa
inessive
Muhoksessaan Muhoksessansa
elative
Muhoksestaan Muhoksestansa
illative
Muhokseensa
adessive
Muhoksellaan Muhoksellansa
ablative
Muhokseltaan Muhokseltansa
allative
Muhokselleen Muhoksellensa
essive
Muhoksenaan Muhoksenansa
translative
Muhoksekseen Muhokseksensa
abessive
Muhoksettaan Muhoksettansa
instructive
comitative

#### Derived terms

* muhokselainen
* muhoslainen

### References

* ↑ Sirkka Paikkala, editor (2007), Suomalainen paikannimikirja [Book of Finnish Place names] (in Finnish), Helsinki: Karttakeskus, Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus, →ISBN
# arsenałowy
## Polish
### Etymology

From arsenał +‎ -owy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ar.sɛ.naˈwɔ.vɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
* Syllabification: ar‧se‧na‧ło‧wy

### Adjective

arsenałowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (military, relational) arsenal, armoury (military establishment for the storing, development, manufacturing, testing, or repairing of arms, ammunition, and other war materiel)
* (military, relational) arsenal (stock of weapons)
* (military, relational) arsenal (store or supply of anything)

#### Related terms

* arsenalik
* arsenał

### Further reading

* arsenałowy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# strapped up
## English
### Verb

strapped up
* simple past and past participle of strap up
# obvod
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈobvot]

### Noun

obvod m inan
* circumference (length)
* perimeter
* circuit (electrical circuit)
* district, borough (administrative part of a city)
* district (division of a country for the purpose of democratic elections)

#### Derived terms

* integrovaný obvod m
* paralelní obvod m
* sériový obvod m
* volební obvod m

### Further reading

* “obvod”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “obvod”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “obvod”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# adormilarse
## Spanish
### Verb

adormilarse (first-person singular present me adormilo, first-person singular preterite me adormilé, past participle adormilado)
* (reflexive) to slumber, snooze, doze (to be in a very light state of sleep)
    Synonyms: adormecer, dormitar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

#### Derived terms

* adormilamiento

### Further reading

* “adormilarse”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Matajudíos
## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* Matajudios (obsolete)

### Etymology

Verb-object compound, composed of mata (“to kill”) +‎ judíos (“Jews”).

### Proper noun

Matajudíos m or f by sense
* a surname

#### Derived terms

* Castrillo Matajudíos
# overliteral
## English
### Etymology

From over- +‎ literal.

### Adjective

overliteral (not comparable)
* Excessively literal.
    Antonyms: figurative, metaphorical; idiomatic
    Hypernym: literal
    Coordinate term: etymonic
    Near-synonym: hyperliteral

#### Derived terms

* overliterally (adverb)

#### See also

* overpedantic
# criminal record
## English
### Noun

criminal record (plural criminal records)
* A record of the past crimes of which someone has been convicted.
    Synonym: police record

#### Derived terms

* certificate of clean criminal record
* certificate of criminal record
* criminal record certificate
* enhanced criminal record certificate
* extract from the criminal record

#### Translations
### See also

* certificate of conduct
* priors
* rap sheet
* run someone's file
# cholagogue
## English
### Alternative forms

* cholagog

### Noun

cholagogue (plural cholagogues)
* (obsolete, medicine) Any agent that promotes the discharge of bile.

#### Derived terms

* anticholagogue
* cholagogic

### Anagrams

* ochlagogue

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔ.la.ɡɔɡ/

### Adjective

cholagogue (plural cholagogues)
* cholagogic

### Noun

cholagogue m (plural cholagogues)
* cholagogue

### Further reading

* “cholagogue”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# cencerro
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cencerro, from Basque zinzerri (“animal bell”).

### Noun

cencerro (plural cencerros)
* A cowbell.
** 2015 August 6, Phil Harrison, “Thursday’s best TV”, in The Guardian‎:Even so, the score calls for Thai gongs, African balaphone and Caribbean cencerros, among others.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Basque zintzarri (“animal bell”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /θenˈθero/ [θẽn̟ˈθe.ro]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /senˈsero/ [sẽnˈse.ro]
* Rhymes: -ero
* Syllabification: cen‧ce‧rro

### Noun

cencerro m (plural cencerros)
* cowbell
    Coordinate term: esquila

#### Derived terms

* a cencerros tapados
* cencerrear

### Further reading

* “cencerro”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# stretches it out
## English
### Verb

stretches it out
* third-person singular simple present indicative of stretch it out
# ćpunka
## Polish
### Etymology

From ćpun +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ɕpun.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -unka
* Syllabification: ćpun‧ka

### Noun

ćpunka f (male equivalent ćpun)
* (colloquial, derogatory) female equivalent of ćpun (“druggie, junkie”)
    Synonym: narkomanka

#### Related terms

* ćpać
* zaćpać

### Further reading

* ćpunka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ćpunka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# sodný
## Czech
### Etymology

From sodík +‎ -ný.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsodniː]

### Adjective

sodný
* (relational) sodium

#### Derived terms

* chlorid sodný
* uhličitan sodný

### Further reading

* “sodný”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “sodný”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “sodný”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Slovak
### Etymology

From sodík +‎ -ný.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsɔdniː]

### Adjective

sodný
* (relational) sodium

#### Derived terms

* chlorid sodný

### Further reading

* “sodný”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# niin saamasi pitää
## Finnish
### Etymology

Literally, “so/thus you must receive”

### Phrase

niin saamasi pitää
* Synonym of saamasi pitää

#### Derived terms

* saamasi pitää
# helecho
## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish felecho, from Latin filictum (“fernbrake”), from filix (“fern”). Compare Asturian felechu, Friulian felet, Galician fieito, and Portuguese feto.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eˈlet͡ʃo/ [eˈle.t͡ʃo]
* Rhymes: -etʃo
* Syllabification: he‧le‧cho

### Noun

helecho m (plural helechos)
* fern

#### Derived terms

* helecho de agua
* helecho de la resurrección
* helecho de tiempo
* helecho hembra
* helecho macho

#### Related terms

* filicíneo

### Further reading

* “helecho”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# otrhaný
## Czech
### Etymology

From otrhat +‎ -aný.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈotr̩ɦaniː]

### Adjective

otrhaný
* ragged (wearing rags, tatters)

#### Related terms

* potrhaný
* trhat

### Further reading

* “otrhaný”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “otrhaný”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “otrhaný”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# przedrostek
## Polish
### Etymology

From przed- +‎ rost +‎ -ek, modeled on przyrostek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʂɛdˈrɔs.tɛk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔstɛk
* Syllabification: przed‧ros‧tek

### Noun

przedrostek m inan
* (linguistic morphology) prefix
    Synonym: prefiks
    Hypernym: zrostek
    Coordinate terms: przyrostek, wrostek

#### Derived terms

* bezprzedrostkowy
* przedrostkowy
* przedrostkowo

### Further reading

* przedrostek in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* przedrostek in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# jobovka
## Czech
### Etymology

From Job +‎ -ovka. From the Biblical story in which many bad things happen to Job.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjobofka]
* Rhymes: -ofka
* Hyphenation: jo‧bov‧ka

### Noun

jobovka f
* (colloquial, expressive) Job's news
    Synonyms: Jobova zvěst, Jobova zpráva

#### Related terms

* Job m anim

### Further reading

* “jobovka”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “jobovka”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# -ken
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Suffix

-ken n (plural -kens)
* Alternative form of -ke

## German
### Etymology

From -ken, German Low German form of standard -chen, from Middle Low German -kin, from Old Saxon -kīn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kən/

### Suffix

-ken n (plural 1 -ken, plural 2 -kens, plural 3 -kes)
* (colloquial, regional, Northern Germany, Westphalia) used to make diminutives
    Haus → Häusken ― little house
    Dorf → Dörfken ― little village
    Pulle → Pülleken ― little bottle

#### Usage notes

* After stops, particularly after k, a linking -s- is often inserted: Pack → Päcksken (cp. Päckchen (“parcel”)).
* Sometimes an old linking -e- is also preserved: Mann → Männeken.

#### Derived terms

* Häusken
* Herzken
* Käffken
* Mäusken
* Pülleken

#### Related terms

* Döneken
* Päcksken

## German Low German
### Alternative forms

* -ke (Low Prussian)
* -sken
* -schen

### Suffix

-ken n (plural -kens or -kes)
* used to make diminutives

#### Derived terms

* Bömken
* Engelken
* Heken (“male (animal)”)
* Männken, Männeken
* Vägelken
* Seken (“female (animal)”)

### See also

* (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) -ing
* (East Frisian) -je, -tje, -ke

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kən]
* Hyphenation: kên

### Suffix

-ken or -kên
* (dialect, Java) alternative form of -kan
    memutuskan (standard) >> mêmutuskên (dialect)
    menyatakan (standard) >> mênyatakên (dialect)
    “Saya memutusken, ehem, untuk menyataken berhenti dari jabatan saya sebagai Presiden Republik Indonesia, terhitung sejak saya bacaken pernyataan ini pada hari ini, Kamis 21 Mei 1998.” ― I decided, um, to declare of resignation from my post as President of the Republic of Indonesia since I read this declaration on today, Thursday, 21 May 1998.

## Japanese
### Romanization

-ken
* Rōmaji transcription of けん

## Turkish
### Alternative forms

* -kene, -kan, -kana (dialectal)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـكن (-ken). Equivalent of iken (“while”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /cæn/

#### Suffix

-ken
* while, whilst, when, as
    Gençken daha hızlı koşardım.I used to run much faster when I was young.
    Hazır dışarı çıkmışken bir de kedi maması al.Since you're out already, buy us some cat food.
    Tam yemeğe başlayacakken kapı çaldı.Right when we were about to start the dinner, the door rang.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *-gan, *-gen.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /cen/

#### Suffix

-ken
* Assimilated form of -gan after the vowels E / İ / Ö / Ü.
    ‎gez- (“to wander, to go about”) + ‎-egen → ‎gezegen (“planet”)
    ‎çekin- (“to abstain, to hesitate”) + ‎-gen → ‎çekingen (“shy, reserved”)
    ‎çalış- (“to work, to study”) + ‎-kan → ‎çalışkan (“hardworking”)
# niszowy
## Polish
### Etymology

From nisza +‎ -owy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɲiˈʂɔ.vɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
* Syllabification: ni‧szo‧wy

### Adjective

niszowy (comparative bardziej niszowy, superlative najbardziej niszowy, derived adverb niszowo)
* niche

#### Derived terms

* niszowość

### Further reading

* niszowy in Polish dictionaries at PWN