# sruth
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish sruth (“stream, river, current”), from Proto-Celtic *srutom, from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“flow, stream”). Cognate with Welsh ffrwd, Breton froud and maybe the Gaulish hydronym Phroudis.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /sˠɾˠɞh/, /sˠɾˠɯh/
* (Connacht, Ulster) IPA: /sˠɾˠʊ(h)/, [ʂ(ɽ)ʊ(h)]

### Noun

sruth m (genitive singular srutha or srotha, nominative plural sruthanna or srothanna or srotha)
* stream
    Synonym: sruthlán
* current, flow
    Synonyms: sreabhadh, sreabh
* (electricity) current, mains

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
sruth
sruthanna
vocative
a shruth
a shruthanna
genitive
srutha
sruthanna
dative
sruth
sruthanna
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an sruth
na sruthanna
genitive
an tsrutha
na sruthanna
dative
leis an sruth don sruth
leis na sruthanna :
Alternative declensions:
bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
sruth
srothanna
vocative
a shruth
a shrothanna
genitive
srotha
srothanna
dative
sruth
srothanna
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an sruth
na srothanna
genitive
an tsrotha
na srothanna
dative
leis an sruth don sruth
leis na srothanna :
bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
sruth
srotha
vocative
a shruth
a shrotha
genitive
srotha
srothann
dative
sruth
srotha
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an sruth
na srotha
genitive
an tsrotha
na srothann
dative
leis an sruth don sruth
leis na srotha :

#### Derived terms

* fótashruth
* sruth ailtéarnach
* sruth díreach
* sruthach
* sruthán
* sruthlam m (“turbulence”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “Sruto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 81
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 77

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sruth”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “sruth”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “sruth”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *srutom, from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“flow, stream”). Cognate with Welsh ffrwd and maybe the Gaulish hydronym Phroudis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sruθ/

### Noun

sruth n or m (genitive srotho, nominative plural srotha)
* stream, river, current
* strait, stream, current (of sea)
* foray, sortie, attack

#### Inflection

Masculine u-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | sruth | sruth$^L$ | srothae |
| Vocative | sruth | sruth$^L$ | srothu |
| Accusative | sruth$^N$ | sruth$^L$ | srothu |
| Genitive | srotho$^H$, srotha$^H$ | srotho, srotha | srothae$^N$ |
| Dative | sruth$^L$ | srothaib | srothaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Derived terms

* sruthach, srothach
* sruthán, srothán

#### Descendants

* Irish: sruth
* Manx: stroo
* Scottish Gaelic: sruth

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish sruth (“stream, river, current”), from Proto-Celtic *srutom, from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“flow, stream”). Cognate with Welsh ffrwd and maybe the Gaulish hydronym Phroudis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /s̪t̪ɾuh/

### Noun

sruth m (genitive singular sruith or srutha, plural sruthan)
* stream, burn
* flow, rush (of water)
* current

#### Declension

$^✝$ obsolete form, used until the 19th century

#### Synonyms

* (stream, burn): allt

#### Derived terms

* eadar-shruthach (“interfluent”)
* eigh-shruth (“glacier”)
* leis an t-sruth (“downstream”)
* ris an t-sruth (“upstream”)
* sruth-chlais (“canal”)
* sruth-gaoith (“draught”)

### Verb

sruth (past sruth, future sruthaidh, verbal noun sruthadh, past participle sruthte)
* flow, stream

#### Conjugation
### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.