# کرم
## Central Kurdish
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *kŕ̥miš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kŕ̥miš, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis (“worm”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kər(ə)m/

### Noun

| Northern Kurdish | kirm |
کرم (kirm, kirim)
* worm

#### Derived terms

* کرمی (kirmî)

## Persian
### Etymology 1

* PIE word
* *kwŕ̥mis
From Proto-Iranian *kŕ̥miš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kŕ̥miš, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis (“worm”). Cognate with Sanskrit कृमि (kṛ́mi, “worm”), Proto-Slavic *čьrvь (“worm”), Lithuanian kirmìs (“worm”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [kiɾm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰɪɾm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰɪɾm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [kʰɪɾm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [kʰiɾm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [kʰʲeɹm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [kʰiɾm]

#### Noun

| Dari | کرم |
| Iranian Persian | کرم |
| Tajik | кирм |
کرم • (kerm)
* worm
* (computing) worm

##### Derived terms

* کرم ابریشم (kerm-e abrišam)
* کرم شب‌تاب (kerm-e šab-tâb)
* کرم کتاب (kerm-e ketâb)
* کرم خورده (kerm xorde)
* کرم ریختن (kerm rixtan)
* کرم از خود درخته! (kerm az xod-e deraxt-e)

### Etymology 2

From French crème.

#### Pronunciation

* (Iran, formal) IPA: [kʰʲe.ɹem], [kʲɹem]

#### Noun

کرم • (kerem or krem)
* cream (dairy product)
* lotion

### Etymology 3

From Arabic كَرَم (karam).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ka.ɾam]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰä.ɾäm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰä.ɾäm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [kʰä.ɾäm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [kʰä.ɾäm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [kʰʲæ.ɹæm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [kʰä.ɾäm]

#### Noun

| Dari | کرم |
| Iranian Persian | کرم |
| Tajik | карам |
کرم • (karam)
* bounty
* generosity
* magnificence

##### Related terms

* الله کرم

#### Proper noun

کرم • (karam)
* a male given name

### Etymology 4

| Dari | کرم |
| Iranian Persian | کرم |
| Tajik | карам |

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ka.ɾam]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰä.ɾäm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰä.ɾäm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [kʰä.ɾäm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [kʰä.ɾäm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [kʰʲæ.ɹæm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [kʰä.ɾäm]

#### Noun

کرم • (karam)
* Rare form of کلم (kalam).

### Etymology 5

From Arabic كَرْم (karm).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [kaɾm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰäɾm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰäɾm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [kʰäɾm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [kʰäɾm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [kʰʲæɹm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [kʰäɾm]

#### Noun

| Dari | کرم |
| Iranian Persian | کرم |
| Tajik | карм |
کرم • (karm)
* (rare) grape, vine

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian کَرَم (karam), from Arabic كَرَم.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /kə.ɾəm/
* Rhymes: -əm
* Hyphenation: کَ‧رَم

### Noun

کَرَم • (karam) f (Hindi spelling करम)
* grace; generosity
* kindness
* (figuratively) honour; decency
* bravery

#### Declension

Declension of کرم :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | کَرَم (karam) | کَرَمیں (karamẽ) |
| oblique | کَرَم (karam) | کَرَموں (karamõ) |
| vocative | کَرَم (karam) | کَرَمو (karamo) |

### Further reading

* “کرم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “کرم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “کرم”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “کرم”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* S. W. Fallon (1879) “کرم”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
* John Shakespear (1834) “کرم”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC