# 飛行機
## Chinese

* Hui-hêng-ki (Southern Min)
* 飛行機 (Cantonese)
* 飛行機 (Written Standard Chinese)

### Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 飛(ひ)行(こう)機(き) (hikōki).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fēixíngjī
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄟ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fei$^1$ hang$^4$ gei$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fî-hàng-kî / pî-hàng-kî / hì-kho-khí / fî-yàng-kî / pî-yàng-kî
    (Hailu, HRS): fui$^ˋ$ hang gi$^ˋ$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hoe-lêng-ki / hui-hêng-ki / poe-lêng-ki / hui-lêng-ki / hoe-nn̄g-ki
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēixíngjī
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄟ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: feisíngji
*** Wade–Giles: fei$^1$-hsing$^2$-chi$^1$
*** Yale: fēi-syíng-jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feishyngji
*** Palladius: фэйсинцзи (fɛjsinczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /feɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fei$^1$ hang$^4$ gei$^1$
*** Yale: fēi hàhng gēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fei$^1$ hang$^4$ gei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: féi$^1$ heng$^4$ géi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fei̯⁵⁵ hɐŋ²¹ kei̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fî-hàng-kî / pî-hàng-kî / hì-kho-khí
*** Hakka Romanization System: fi$^ˊ$ hang$^ˇ$ gi$^ˊ$ / bi$^ˊ$ hang$^ˇ$ gi$^ˊ$ / hi$^ˇ$ ko ki$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fi$^1$ hang$^2$ gi$^1$ / bi$^1$ hang$^2$ gi$^1$ / hi$^2$ ko$^4$ ki$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /fi²⁴ haŋ¹¹ ki²⁴/, /pi²⁴ haŋ¹¹ ki²⁴/, /hi¹¹ kʰo⁵⁵ kʰi³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fî-hàng-kî / fî-yàng-kî / pî-yàng-kî / hì-kho-khí
*** Hakka Romanization System: fi$^ˊ$ hang$^ˇ$ gi$^ˊ$ / fi$^ˊ$ (r)iang$^ˇ$ gi$^ˊ$ / bi$^ˊ$ (r)iang$^ˇ$ gi$^ˊ$ / hi$^ˇ$ ko ki$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fi$^1$ hang$^2$ gi$^1$ / fi$^1$ yang$^2$ gi$^1$ / bi$^1$ yang$^2$ gi$^1$ / hi$^2$ ko$^4$ ki$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /fi²⁴ haŋ¹¹ ki²⁴/, /fi²⁴ (j)i̯aŋ¹¹ ki²⁴/, /pi²⁴ (j)i̯aŋ¹¹ ki²⁴/, /hi¹¹ kʰo⁵⁵ kʰi³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fui$^ˋ$ hang gi$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /fui⁵³ haŋ⁵⁵ ki⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Kaohsiung, Hsinchu, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoe-lêng-ki
*** Tâi-lô: hue-lîng-ki
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoelengky
*** IPA (Taipei): /hue⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hue⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Lukang, Sanxia)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hui-hêng-ki
*** Tâi-lô: hui-hîng-ki
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hui'hengky
*** IPA (Lukang): /hui³³ hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ki³³/
** (Hokkien: Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poe-lêng-ki
*** Tâi-lô: pue-lîng-ki
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poelengky
*** IPA (Tainan): /pue⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hui-lêng-ki
*** Tâi-lô: hui-lîng-ki
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huilengky
*** IPA (Yilan): /hui⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoe-nn̄g-ki
*** Tâi-lô: hue-nn̄g-ki
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoenngxky

### Noun

飛行機
* (Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka, dated in Mandarin) airplane; aeroplane (Classifier: 隻／只 mn)
    From: 2018, 一九四五 1945 (Theme of Raid on Takao), 滅火器 ( Fire EX.)
    tán poe-lêng-ki bōe koh lâi siūⁿ-beh khan lí ê chhiú chhiùⁿ chit tiâu loân-koa [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    When the [war]planes can't return again, I would like to take you by the hand and sing this love song

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 飛機, 銀燕 figurative |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 飛機, 鐵鳥兒 figurative |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 飛機 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 飛機 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 飛機 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 飛機 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 飛機 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 飛機 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 飛機 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 飛機, 飛艇 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 飛機 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 飛機 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 飛機, 飛艇 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 飛機 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 飛機 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 飛機 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 飛機 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 飛機 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 飛機 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 飛機 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 風船 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 風船 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 飛機 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 飛機 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 飛機 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 飛機 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 飛機 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 飛機, 飛艇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 飛機 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 飛機 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 飛機 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 飛機 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 飛機 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 飛機 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 飛機 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Chongzuo (Laituan) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Fusui (Qujiu) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 飛機 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 飛機 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 飛機 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 飛機 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 飛行機 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 飛行機 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 飛行機 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 飛行機 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 飛行機 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 飛行機, 飛機 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 飛行機 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 飛行機 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 飛機, 飛行機 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 飛機 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 飛機 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 飛機 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 飛機, 飛艇 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 飛機 |
| Jin | Linhe | 飛機 |
| Jin | Jining | 飛機 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 飛機 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 飛機 |
| Jin | Handan | 飛機 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 飛機 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 飛機, 飛船 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 飛機, 飛船 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 飛船 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 飛機, 飛船 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 飛機, 飛船 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 飛機 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 飛機, 飛船 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an (Sidu) | 飛機, 飛船 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an (Tingyang, Baiyang) | 飛機 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an (Wenshan, Taiping) | 飛機, 飛船 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 飛行機, 飛機 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 飛行機 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 飛行機 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 飛行機 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 飛行機 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 飛行機 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 飛行機 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 飛行機 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 飛船, 飛機 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 飛行機 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 飛機, 飛船 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 飛機, 飛船 dated |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 飛機 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 飛機 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 飛機 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 飛機 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 飛機 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 飛機 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 飛機 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 飛機 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 飛機 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 飛機 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 飛機 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 飛機 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 飛機 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 飛機 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 飛機 |

### Further reading

* 日製台語再探索 (exploring Taiwanese words of Japanese origin)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 飛 | 行 | 機 |
| ひ Grade: 4 | こう Grade: 2 | き Grade: 4 |
| kan'on |||
* Alternative spelling
* 飛行器 (obsolete)

### Etymology

First attested in 1908, cited from the 万朝報 (Yorozu Chōho) serial in its October 3 issue.
From 飛行 (hikō, “flying, flight”) +‎ 機 (-ki, “machine”), a calque of English flying machine.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひこーき [hìkóꜜòkì] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [çi̥ko̞ːkʲi]

### Noun

飛(ひ)行(こう)機(き) • (hikōki) (counter 機)
* an airplane, aeroplane
* (obsolete) Clipping of 空中飛行機 (kūchū hikōki): a flying machine
** 1904, Ryōichi Yazu, Hayakuri jisho [Quick Reference Kanji Dictionary], page 3:
    鳥(とり)は輕(かる)ひ瓦斯(ガス)にて浮(うか)んで居(ゐ)るのではないと云(い)ふことに心(こゝろ)付(づ)いて、空(くう)氣(き)の抵(てい)抗(かう)力(りよく)を利(り)用(よう)して空(くう)中(ちゆう)に浮(うか)び、而(しか)して飛(ひ)行(かう)せんとする所(ところ)の飛(ひ)行(かう)機(き) Flying machine を發(はつ)明(めい)せんと企(くはだ)てた所(ところ)の人(じん)士(し)も古(こ)來(らい)少(すくな)くありません。
       Tori wa karui gasu ni te ukande iru no de wa nai to iu koto ni kokorozuite, kūki no teikōryoku o riyō shite kūchū ni ukabi, shikashite hikō sen to suru tokoro no hikōki (furaingu mashin) o hatsumei sen to kuwadateta tokoro no jinshi mo korai sukunaku arimasen.
       There is no shortage of people from ancient times who, after realising that birds do not float upon a light gas, have plotted to invent flying machines that fly by floating in the air by using air resistance.

#### Derived terms

* 飛(ひ)行(こう)機(き)雲(ぐも) (hikōkigumo)
* 紙(かみ)飛(ひ)行(こう)機(き) (kamihikōki)
* 鴨(かも)型(がた)飛(ひ)行(こう)機(き) (kamogata hikōki)
* 空(くう)中(ちゅう)飛(ひ)行(こう)機(き) (kūchū hikōki)
* 軽(けい)飛(ひ)行(こう)機(き) (keihikōki)
* 高(こう)翼(よく)飛(ひ)行(こう)機(き) (kōyoku hikōki)
* 三(さん)葉(よう)飛(ひ)行(こう)機(き) (san'yō hikōki)
* 人(じん)力(りょく)飛(ひ)行(こう)機(き) (jinryoku hikōki)
* 水(すい)上(じょう)飛(ひ)行(こう)機(き) (suijō hikōki)
* 陸(りく)上(じょう)飛(ひ)行(こう)機(き) (rikujō hikōki)

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 飛行機／飞行机 (fēixíngjī)
* → Atayal: hikoki'
* → Amis: hikoki
* → Kanakanabu: hikoki
* → Korean: 비행기(飛行機) (bihaenggi)
* → Paiwan: hikuki
* → Puyuma: hikuki
* → Sakizaya: hikuki
* → Tsou: hikoki
* → Yami: sikoki

#### See also

* 航(こう)空(くう)機(き) (kōkūki)
* 翼(つばさ) (tsubasa)
* エアプレーン (eapurēn)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 飛 | 行 | 機 |

### Noun

飛行機 • (bihaenggi) (hangeul 비행기)
* hanja form of 비행기 (“airplane, aeroplane”)

## Yonaguni

Kanji in this term :
| 飛 | 行 | 機 |
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 2 | Grade: 4 |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 飛(ひ)行(こう)機(き) (hikōki).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [çiɡuŋ̍kʲi]

### Noun

飛行機(ひぐんき) or 飛行機(ちこーき) (higunki or chikōki)
* an airplane, aeroplane