OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# wuldor
## Old English
### Alternative forms

* wulder, wuldur

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *wuldr, from Proto-Germanic *wuldrą (“shine, radiance, glory, splendor”), from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to see”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwul.dor/, [ˈwuɫ.dor]

### Noun

wuldor n
* glory
** 10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 30‎:Iċ eom līġbysiġ, lāce mid winde, bewunden mid wuldre, wedre ġesomnad, fūs forðweġes, fȳre ġemelted, bearu blōwende, byrnende glēd.I am busy with fire, sway with wind, wrapped with glory, gathered in good weather, ready to go forward, melted by fire, a blooming grove, a burning ember.

#### Derived terms

* heofonwuldor
* sigorwuldor
* sweġelwuldor
* wuldorbēag
* wuldorcyning
* wuldordream
* wuldorfæder
* wuldorfæst
* wuldorfull
* wuldorgāst
* wuldorġeflogena
* wuldorġeweorc
* wuldorġifu
* wuldorġimm
* wuldorhama
* wuldorhēap
* wuldorhelm
* wuldorlēan
* wuldormāga
* wuldornyttung
* wuldorsang
* wuldorspēd
* wuldortān
* wuldorwerod
* wuldorword
* wuldrian
* wuldriġ

#### Descendants

* Middle English: wulder

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “wuldor”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
# homoeology
## English
### Alternative forms

* homeology

### Etymology

By surface analysis, homoeo- +‎ -logy = homoe- + -ology.

### Noun

homoeology (usually uncountable, plural homoeologies)
* (sciences) Similarity; resemblance.
    Coordinate terms: homology, heterology
** (biology) Similarity in genetic makeup, especially in hybrids involving homology in an ancestral form.
    Coordinate terms: homology, heterology

#### Related terms

* homeologous (adj)
* homoeologous (adj)
# dwufosforan
## Polish
### Etymology

From dwu- +‎ fosforan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dvu.fɔsˈfɔ.ran/
* Rhymes: -ɔran
* Syllabification: dwu‧fos‧fo‧ran

### Noun

dwufosforan m inan
* (chemistry) diphosphate

#### Derived terms

* adenozynodwufosforan

### Further reading

* dwufosforan in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* dwufosforan in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
# naděje
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech nadějě, from Proto-Slavic *naděja.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnaɟɛjɛ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: na‧dě‧je

### Noun

naděje f
* hope
    chovat naději ― to have hope

#### Derived terms

* beznaděj
* naděje umírá poslední
* nadějně
* nadějný

### Further reading

* “naděje”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “naděje”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “naděje”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# Bloomeria
## Translingual
### Proper noun

Bloomeria
* A taxonomic genus within the family Asparagaceae – certain flowering plants.
# piąty
## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pętъ. First attested in 1391.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /pjɑ̃tɨː/
* IPA: (15th CE) /pjɑ̃tɨ/

### Adjective

piąty
* fifth

#### Descendants

* Polish: piąty
* Silesian: piōnty

### References

* Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “piąty”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
* Mańczak, Witold (2017) “piąty”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
* Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “piąty”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “piąty”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish piąty.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpjɔn.tɘ/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈpjɔ̃.tɨ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔntɘ
* Syllabification: pią‧ty

### Adjective

piąty (not comparable, no derived adverb, abbreviation 5.)
* fifth

#### Derived terms

* piąta
* piątek
* piątoklasista
* piątoklasistka

#### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), piąty is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 27 times in scientific texts, 73 times in news, 34 times in essays, 8 times in fiction, and 10 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 152 times, making it the 375th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### Noun

piąty m inan
* denotes fifth day of the month; the fifth

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “piąty”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 364

### Further reading

* piąty in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* piąty in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “piąty”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “piąty”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “piąty”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “piąty”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 137
# kwalifikować
## Polish
### Etymology

Adapted borrowing of Latin quālificō +‎ -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kfa.li.fiˈkɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: kwa‧li‧fi‧ko‧wać

### Verb

kwalifikować impf (perfective zakwalifikować)
* (transitive) to classify
    Synonym: zaliczać
* (transitive) to predispose
    Synonym: predysponować
* (reflexive with się) to qualify
    Synonym: nadawać się

#### Derived terms

* kwalifikowalny
* kwalifikowalność

#### Related terms

* kwalifikacyjny
* kwalifikacja
* kwalifikator

### Further reading

* kwalifikować in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kwalifikować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# civilian
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English cyvylien, from Old French civilien. Equivalent to civil +‎ -ian.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɪˈvɪljən/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

civilian (plural civilians)
* A person following the pursuits of civil life, especially one who is not an active member of the armed forces.
** 1858, Prince George, letter to Sir Colin Campbell:
    An army never can be commanded or controlled by civilians.
    Three civilians were apprehended by the soldiers and taken away in a military vehicle.
* (informal) A person who does not belong to a particular group or engage in a particular activity, an outsider.
** 2013, Eminem, “The Monster”, in The Marshall Mathers LP 2:I have this vision one day that I'll walk amongst you a regular civilian.
    The bathroom was for employees only, so civilians weren't allowed to use it.
* One skilled in civil law.
** 1724, Jonathan Swift, “Drapier's Letters”, in 4:Ancient civilians and writers upon government.
* A student of civil law at a university or college.
** 1788, Richard Graves, Recollection of Some Particulars in the Life of the Late William Shenstone:although he kept his name in the college books, and changed his commoner gown to that of a civilian, yet he had now, I believe, no thoughts of proceeding to any degree; and seldom resided in college any more
* An employee of the civil service.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Rudyard Kipling to this entry?)

#### Translations
### Adjective

civilian (not comparable)
* Not related to the military, police or other governmental professions.
    The three detainees were actually army defectors wearing civilian clothing.
    He worked as a civilian journalist for ten years before being employed by the public broadcaster.

#### Translations
### Derived terms

* civilianise
* civilianism
* civilianization
* civilianize
* civilianness
* civilian service
* civilian time
* noncivilian
# resentido
## Spanish
### Etymology

Past participle of resentirse.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /resenˈtido/ [re.sẽn̪ˈt̪i.ð̞o]
* Rhymes: -ido
* Syllabification: re‧sen‧ti‧do

### Adjective

resentido (feminine resentida, masculine plural resentidos, feminine plural resentidas)
* resentful, bitter (person)
    Synonym: amargado

#### Derived terms

* resentido social

#### Related terms

* resentimiento

### Participle

resentido (feminine resentida, masculine plural resentidos, feminine plural resentidas)
* past participle of resentirse

### Further reading

* “resentido”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# autonomía
## Galician
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek αὐτονομία (autonomía).

### Noun

autonomía f (plural autonomías)
* autonomy
* range (distance a vehicle (car, byke, lorry, aircraft) can travel without refueling)
* battery life

#### Derived terms

* autonómico

#### Related terms

* autonomismo
* autonomista
* autonomizar
* autónomo

### Further reading

* “autonomía”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek αὐτονομία (autonomía).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /autonoˈmia/ [au̯.t̪o.noˈmi.a]
* Audio (Venezuela):(file)
* Rhymes: -ia
* Syllabification: au‧to‧no‧mí‧a

### Noun

autonomía f (plural autonomías)
* autonomy
* range (distance a vehicle (car, bike, lorry, aircraft) can travel without refueling)
* battery life

#### Derived terms

* autonomía de la voluntad
* autonómico

#### Related terms

* autonomismo
* autonomista
* autonomizar
* autónomo

### Further reading

* “autonomía”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# povstalec
## Czech
### Etymology

From povstal +‎ -ec.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpofstalɛt͡s]

### Noun

povstalec m anim (female equivalent povstalkyně)
* insurgent, rebel

#### Related terms

* povstalkyně
* povstat
* povstání
* stát

### Further reading

* “povstalec”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “povstalec”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “povstalec”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# sisä-
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sicä, from Proto-Finno-Permic *śićä. Cognate with Moksha сезем (śeźem).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsisæ-/, [ˈs̠is̠æ-]

### Prefix

sisä-
* inner, internal, interior, inward; indoor; inland

#### Inflection

Declension of sisä-
noun case
singular
pluraladverbial form
singular
plural
nominative
sisä-
–superessive
genitive
–delative
partitive
–sublative
accusative
–lative
inessive
sisässä
–temporal
elative
sisästä
–causative
illative
sisään
–multiplicative
adessive
sisällä
–distributive
ablative
sisältä
–temp. dist.
allative
sisälle
–prolative
essive
–situative
sisäkkäin
translative
–oppositive
sisätysten
abessive
instructive
comitative

#### Antonyms

* ulko-

#### Derived terms

* sisentää
* sisu
* sisus
* sisusta
* sisäampumarata
* sisäarkkitehtuuri
* sisäasennus
* sisäasiainministeriö
* sisäasiat
* sisäelin
* sisäerite
* sisäeritys
* sisäeronto
* sisäfilee
* sisähalkaisija
* sisähanka
* sisäharjoittelu
* Sisä-Hebridit
* sisäheitto
* sisäilma
* sisäitiö
* sisäjalka
* sisäjärjestys
* sisäkaarre
* sisäkalvo
* sisäkansi
* sisäkatto
* sisäkautta
* sisäkehä
* sisäkenttä
* sisäkerros
* sisäkierre
* sisäkkäin
* sisäkohtaus
* sisäkorjaus
* sisäkorkeus
* sisäkorva
* sisäkudos
* sisäkuiva
* sisäkulma
* sisäkumi
* sisäkurvi
* sisäkuva
* sisälahti
* sisälaita
* sisälaudoitus
* sisälehti
* sisäleikki
* sisäleveys
* sisäliivari
* sisälinna
* sisäloinen
* sisältää
* sisäluku
* sisälähetys
* sisälämpötila
* sisäläpimitta
* sisämaa
* sisämainen
* sisämajoitus
* sisämeri
* sisämestaruuskilpailu
* sisämies
* sisäministeri
* sisäministeriö
* sisämitta
* Sisä-Mongolia
* sisämoottori
* sisämuuraus
* sisäneste
* sisänurkka
* sisäolento
* sisäontelo
* sisäoppilaitos
* sisäosa
* sisäote
* sisäovi
* sisäpaikallissija
* sisäpaisti
* sisäpalvelus
* sisäpeli
* sisäperämoottori
* sisäpiha
* sisäpiippu
* sisäpiiri
* sisäpinta
* sisäpohja
* sisäpoliittinen
* sisäpolitiikka
* sisäportaat
* sisäpuite
* sisäpuoli
* sisäpuolinen
* sisäraja
* sisärata
* sisäreitti
* sisärengas
* sisäreuna
* sisäruokinta
* sisäsaaristo
* sisäsatama
* sisäseinä
* sisäsiipi
* sisäsiisti
* sisäsiitos
* sisäsynnyttimet
* sisäsyntyinen
* sisäsyrjä
* sisäsäde
* sisätauko
* sisätauti
* sisäterä
* sisätie
* sisätila
* sisättäin
* sisätulento
* sisätulkki
* sisäturkki
* sisätyksin
* sisätysten
* sisätyö
* sisäurheilu
* sisävaippa
* sisävalaistus
* sisävarvas
* sisäverho
* sisävesi
* sisävesistö
* sisävokaali
* sisävuoraus
* sisävuoro
* sisäväylä

### Further reading

* “sisä-”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sicä-. Cognates include Finnish sisä-.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈsisæ-/, [ˈs̠is̠æ-]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈsisæ-/, [ˈʃiʒ̥æ-]

### Prefix

sisä-
* inner, internal

#### Derived terms

* sisus
# zakwalifikować
## Polish
### Etymology

From za- +‎ kwalifikować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /za.kfa.li.fiˈkɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: za‧kwa‧li‧fi‧ko‧wać

### Verb

zakwalifikować pf (imperfective kwalifikować)
* (transitive) to classify
    Synonym: zaliczyć
* (transitive) to predispose
    Synonym: predysponować
* (reflexive with się) to qualify
    Synonym: nadać się

#### Related terms

* kwalifikacyjny
* kwalifikowalny
* kwalifikacja
* kwalifikator
* kwalifikowalność

### Further reading

* zakwalifikować in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zakwalifikować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# disminuir
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dīminuere (“to break into small pieces; to diminish”), with normal change of conjugation to -ir and change of prefix based on the more common Latin dis-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [diz.mi.nuˈi]
* IPA: (Valencia) [diz.mi.nuˈiɾ]

### Verb

disminuir (first-person singular present disminueixo, first-person singular preterite disminuí, past participle disminuït)
* (transitive, intransitive) to decrease, to diminish
    Synonyms: minvar, decréixer
    Antonyms: augmentar, acréixer

#### Derived terms

* disminuït

#### Related terms

* disminució

### Further reading

* “disminuir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin diminuere (“to break into small pieces; to diminish”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dismiˈnwiɾ/ [d̪iz.miˈnwiɾ]
* Rhymes: -iɾ
* Syllabification: dis‧mi‧nuir

### Verb

disminuir (first-person singular present disminuyo, first-person singular preterite disminuí, past participle disminuido)
* to decrease
    Synonym: decrecer
** 1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 48:Las proporciones de sus atributos distintivos, han disminuído lo suficiente para hacer ahora ridículo lo que ayer era espantoso.The proportions of his [the Devil's] distinctive attributes have diminished enough to make ridiculous today what was terrifying yesterday.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* disminución

#### See also

* mermar
* rebajar
* reducir

### Further reading

* “disminuir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# bavachin
## English
### Noun

bavachin
* A flavonoid (C$_{20}$H$_{18}$O$_4$) isolated from the seeds and fruits of Psoralea corylifolia (babchi plant), widely used in traditional medicine.

#### Derived terms

* isobavachin
# santun
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay santun

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈsantun/ [ˈsan.t̪ʊn]
* Rhymes: -antun
* Syllabification: san‧tun

### Adjective

santun
* courteous, decent, polite
* benevolent, kind, sympathetic, helpful.

#### Derived terms

* kesantunan
* menyantun
* penyantun
* penyantunan
* santunan
* santuni
* tersantun

### Further reading

* “santun” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

santun
* Romanization of ꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦤ꧀

## Old Javanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /san.tun/
* Rhymes: -antun
* Hyphenation: san‧tun

### Etymology 1

From sāri (“quintessence; pollen, flower”) +‎ -ntun.

#### Noun

santun
* pollen
* flower

##### Derived terms

* caraṅ santun

### Etymology 2

From sari (“continuously, constantly, uninterruptedly, lastingly; day after day”) +‎ -ntun.

#### Root

santun
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

##### Derived terms

* asantun
* tan asantun

### Further reading

* "santun" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# parametricism
## English
### Etymology

From parametric +‎ -ism, coined in 2008 by Patrik Schumacher.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pæɹəˈmɛtɹɪsɪzm̩/

### Noun

parametricism (uncountable)
* An avant-garde, computer-aided style of architecture and urban planning in which (the functions of) spaces are considered parametrically variable (dynamic) rather than static.
** 2013, David Joselit, After Art, →ISBN, page 24:The question of Parametricism's “hegemony” has been a subject of lively debate among architects, who disagree over whether its design language—which is based on the scripting of variable stems though digital algorithms—may be considered a style whose signature aspects would be an undulating topographical field composed of modular geometric elements, or whether the digital modelling capacities that Parametricism relies on should remain tools for designing a more materially based and responsive form of architecture.
** 2014, Paradigms in Computing: Making, Machines, and Models, →ISBN, page 185:According to the functional heuristics of parametricism, the functions of spaces are conceived in terms of dynamic patterns of social interactions/communications, i.e. as parametrically variable, dynamic event scenarios, rather than static schedules of accommodation that list functional stereotypes. See Patrik Schumacher, The Autopoiesis of Architecture […]
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:parametricism.

#### Related terms

* parametricity
* parametrization
* parametrize

### References

* ↑ Patrik Schumacher, The Autopoiesis of Architecture, volume 1 (2011, →ISBN: "The term Parametricism was first put forward by the author during the 2008 Venice Architecture Biennale."

### Further reading

* Parametric design on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* “parametricism”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
# relámpago
## Spanish
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin lampades, possibly through a derivative of the Late Latin verb lampō, lampāre, with later alterations within early Romance, or from the related lampada. The prefix re- indicates the idea of repetition, hence lightning striking over and over again. Compare Portuguese relâmpago, relâmpado, Catalan llampec.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /reˈlampaɡo/ [reˈlãm.pa.ɣ̞o]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -ampaɡo
* Syllabification: re‧lám‧pa‧go

### Noun

relámpago m (plural relámpagos)
* lightning, bolt
* flash, glance, sparkle

#### Derived terms

* como un relámpago

#### Related terms

* lámpara
* relampaguear
* relampagueo

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “relámpago”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

### Further reading

* “relámpago”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# parasíntesis
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek παρασύνθεσις (parasúnthesis).

### Noun

parasíntesis f (plural parasíntesis)
* (linguistics) parasynthesis (the formation of words by a simultaneous combination of compounding and adding an affix, as in tierraplanista, mileurista)
* (linguistics) parasynthesis (the formation of words in which the prefixing and the suffixing are involved simultaneously, as in amueblar)

#### Related terms

* parasintética f
* parasintético m

### Further reading

* “parasíntesis”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# czeremcha
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ukrainian чере́мха (čerémxa), from Proto-Slavic *čermъxa. Doublet of trzemcha and trzemucha.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʂɛˈrɛm.xa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛmxa
* Syllabification: cze‧rem‧cha
* Homophone: Czeremcha

### Noun

czeremcha f
* bird cherry (Prunus padus, formerly several species in Prunus subg. Padus)
* bird cherry (fruit produced by members of the species)

#### Derived terms

* czeremchowy

### Further reading

* czeremcha in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* czeremcha in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# kouřit
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech kúřiti, from Proto-Slavic *kuriti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkou̯r̝ɪt]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -our̝ɪt

### Verb

kouřit impf (perfective zakouřit)
* to smoke (to deliberately inhale smoke)
    Synonym: hulit
* (colloquial) to smoke (to give off smoke)
    Synonyms: čadit, dýmat, hulit
* (colloquial) to give a blowjob
    Synonym: hulit

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | kouřit, kouřiti | Active adjective | kouřící |
| Verbal noun | kouření | Passive adjective | kouřený |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | kouřím | kouříme | — | kuřme |
| 2nd person | kouříš | kouříte | kuř | kuřte |
| 3rd person | kouří | kouří | — | — |
* The future tense: a combination of a future form of být + infinitive kouřit.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | kouřil | kouřili | kouřen | kouřeni |
| masculine inanimate | kouřil | kouřily | kouřen | kouřeny |
| feminine | kouřila | kouřily | kouřena | kouřeny |
| neuter | kouřilo | kouřila | kouřeno | kouřena |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | kouře | — |
| feminine + neuter singular | kouříc | — |
| plural | kouříce | — |

#### Related terms

* dokouřit
* nakouřit
* odkouřit
* okouřit
* pokouřit
* prokouřit
* rozkouřit
* vykouřit
* zakouřit
* kouř
* kouření
* kuřák
* kuřivo

### Further reading

* “kouřiti”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kouřiti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “kouřit”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)