# kumma
## Bavarian
### Alternative forms

* kemma (West Central Bavarian)
* kemman (Southern Bavarian, Tyrol)
* kèmmin (Southern Bavarian, Sappada)
* khemen (Southern Bavarian, Sauris)
* kumman (East Central Bavarian, Vienna)

### Etymology

From Old High German kuman, chuman, from Proto-West Germanic *kweman, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-. Cognate with German kommen, Low German kamen, Dutch komen, English come, Danish komme.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkumɐ/
* Hyphenation: kum‧ma

### Verb

kumma (past participle kumma) (East Central Bavarian, Vienna, Southern Bavarian, Carinthia)
* to come
    Heid is neamd kumma. ― Nobody has come today.
    Mia kamadn iwamuagn in da Fruah. ― We would come the day after tomorrow in the morning.

#### Conjugation
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kumma, possibly from Proto-Uralic *kumma (“shady”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkumːɑ/, [ˈkumːɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -umːɑ
* Hyphenation: kum‧ma

### Adjective

kumma (comparative kummempi, superlative kummin)
* odd, strange
    Onpa kumma, että...How strange that ...
* (chiefly in the negative, chiefly in comparative) nasty, severe
    Onpa hyvä, että mitään kummempaa ei sattunut!How good that nothing more severe happened!
* on earth, in the world, the dickens (used as non-profane intensifier with an interrogative pronoun)
    Mitä kummaa täällä on tapahtunut?What on earth has taken place here?

#### Usage notes

* The comparative and superlative are seldom used. They are usually substituted with corresponding forms of the synonymous adjective kummallinen.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of kumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kummani
kummani
accusative
nom.
kummani
kummani
gen.
kummani
genitive
kummani
kummieni kummaini $^{rare}$
partitive
kummaani
kummiani
inessive
kummassani
kummissani
elative
kummastani
kummistani
illative
kummaani
kummiini
adessive
kummallani
kummillani
ablative
kummaltani
kummiltani
allative
kummalleni
kummilleni
essive
kummanani
kumminani
translative
kummakseni
kummikseni
abessive
kummattani
kummittani
instructive
comitative
—kummineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kummasi
kummasi
accusative
nom.
kummasi
kummasi
gen.
kummasi
genitive
kummasi
kummiesi kummaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
kummaasi
kummiasi
inessive
kummassasi
kummissasi
elative
kummastasi
kummistasi
illative
kummaasi
kummiisi
adessive
kummallasi
kummillasi
ablative
kummaltasi
kummiltasi
allative
kummallesi
kummillesi
essive
kummanasi
kumminasi
translative
kummaksesi
kummiksesi
abessive
kummattasi
kummittasi
instructive
comitative
—kumminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kummamme
kummamme
accusative
nom.
kummamme
kummamme
gen.
kummamme
genitive
kummamme
kummiemme kummaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
kummaamme
kummiamme
inessive
kummassamme
kummissamme
elative
kummastamme
kummistamme
illative
kummaamme
kummiimme
adessive
kummallamme
kummillamme
ablative
kummaltamme
kummiltamme
allative
kummallemme
kummillemme
essive
kummanamme
kumminamme
translative
kummaksemme
kummiksemme
abessive
kummattamme
kummittamme
instructive
comitative
—kumminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kummanne
kummanne
accusative
nom.
kummanne
kummanne
gen.
kummanne
genitive
kummanne
kummienne kummainne $^{rare}$
partitive
kummaanne
kummianne
inessive
kummassanne
kummissanne
elative
kummastanne
kummistanne
illative
kummaanne
kummiinne
adessive
kummallanne
kummillanne
ablative
kummaltanne
kummiltanne
allative
kummallenne
kummillenne
essive
kummananne
kumminanne
translative
kummaksenne
kummiksenne
abessive
kummattanne
kummittanne
instructive
comitative
—kumminenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kummansa
kummansa
accusative
nom.
kummansa
kummansa
gen.
kummansa
genitive
kummansa
kummiensa kummainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
kummaansa
kummiaan kummiansa
inessive
kummassaan kummassansa
kummissaan kummissansa
elative
kummastaan kummastansa
kummistaan kummistansa
illative
kummaansa
kummiinsa
adessive
kummallaan kummallansa
kummillaan kummillansa
ablative
kummaltaan kummaltansa
kummiltaan kummiltansa
allative
kummalleen kummallensa
kummilleen kummillensa
essive
kummanaan kummanansa
kumminaan kumminansa
translative
kummakseen kummaksensa
kummikseen kummiksensa
abessive
kummattaan kummattansa
kummittaan kummittansa
instructive
comitative
—kummineen kumminensa :

#### Synonyms

* (odd, strange): kummallinen, outo, omituinen
* (nasty, severe): ikävä, vakava
* (non-profane intensifier): ihme

#### Derived terms

* kummajainen
* kummaksua
* kummallinen
* kummasti
* kummastua
* kummeksia
* kummeksua
* kummeta
* kummitella
* eriskummainen

#### See also

* kumpi (similar inflected forms)

### Noun

kumma
* strange or odd thing

#### Declension

Possessive forms of kumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kummani
kummani
accusative
nom.
kummani
kummani
gen.
kummani
genitive
kummani
kummieni kummaini $^{rare}$
partitive
kummaani
kummiani
inessive
kummassani
kummissani
elative
kummastani
kummistani
illative
kummaani
kummiini
adessive
kummallani
kummillani
ablative
kummaltani
kummiltani
allative
kummalleni
kummilleni
essive
kummanani
kumminani
translative
kummakseni
kummikseni
abessive
kummattani
kummittani
instructive
comitative
—kummineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kummasi
kummasi
accusative
nom.
kummasi
kummasi
gen.
kummasi
genitive
kummasi
kummiesi kummaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
kummaasi
kummiasi
inessive
kummassasi
kummissasi
elative
kummastasi
kummistasi
illative
kummaasi
kummiisi
adessive
kummallasi
kummillasi
ablative
kummaltasi
kummiltasi
allative
kummallesi
kummillesi
essive
kummanasi
kumminasi
translative
kummaksesi
kummiksesi
abessive
kummattasi
kummittasi
instructive
comitative
—kumminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kummamme
kummamme
accusative
nom.
kummamme
kummamme
gen.
kummamme
genitive
kummamme
kummiemme kummaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
kummaamme
kummiamme
inessive
kummassamme
kummissamme
elative
kummastamme
kummistamme
illative
kummaamme
kummiimme
adessive
kummallamme
kummillamme
ablative
kummaltamme
kummiltamme
allative
kummallemme
kummillemme
essive
kummanamme
kumminamme
translative
kummaksemme
kummiksemme
abessive
kummattamme
kummittamme
instructive
comitative
—kumminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kummanne
kummanne
accusative
nom.
kummanne
kummanne
gen.
kummanne
genitive
kummanne
kummienne kummainne $^{rare}$
partitive
kummaanne
kummianne
inessive
kummassanne
kummissanne
elative
kummastanne
kummistanne
illative
kummaanne
kummiinne
adessive
kummallanne
kummillanne
ablative
kummaltanne
kummiltanne
allative
kummallenne
kummillenne
essive
kummananne
kumminanne
translative
kummaksenne
kummiksenne
abessive
kummattanne
kummittanne
instructive
comitative
—kumminenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kummansa
kummansa
accusative
nom.
kummansa
kummansa
gen.
kummansa
genitive
kummansa
kummiensa kummainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
kummaansa
kummiaan kummiansa
inessive
kummassaan kummassansa
kummissaan kummissansa
elative
kummastaan kummastansa
kummistaan kummistansa
illative
kummaansa
kummiinsa
adessive
kummallaan kummallansa
kummillaan kummillansa
ablative
kummaltaan kummaltansa
kummiltaan kummiltansa
allative
kummalleen kummallensa
kummilleen kummillensa
essive
kummanaan kummanansa
kumminaan kumminansa
translative
kummakseen kummaksensa
kummikseen kummiksensa
abessive
kummattaan kummattansa
kummittaan kummittansa
instructive
comitative
—kummineen kumminensa :

### Further reading

* “kumma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kumma. Cognates include Finnish kumma and Estonian -kumm.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈkumːɑ/, [ˈkumː]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈkumːɑ/, [ˈkumːɑ]
* Rhymes: -umː, -umːɑ
* Hyphenation: kum‧ma

### Noun

kumma
* miracle, wonder
** 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 25:„Katso, mi kumma seel ono?“ Hää hiljaa karhulle saoi.„Look, what kind of wonder is there?“ It quietly asked the bear.

#### Derived terms

* kummitus

### References

* V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 9
* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 218

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
* कुम्म (Devanagari script)
* কুম্ম (Bengali script)
* කුම‍්ම (Sinhalese script)
* ကုမ္မ or ၵုမ္မ or ၵုမ်မ (Burmese script)
* กุมฺม or กุมมะ (Thai script)
* ᨠᩩᨾ᩠ᨾ (Tai Tham script)
* ກຸມ຺ມ or ກຸມມະ (Lao script)
* កុម្ម (Khmer script)
* 𑄇𑄪𑄟𑄴𑄟 (Chakma script)

### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit कूर्म (kūrmá).

### Noun

kumma m
* a tortoise

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kūrmá$^1$”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press