# estragar
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* astragar

### Etymology

13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese estragar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *stragāre, from Latin strāges (“defeat, slaughter”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /estɾaˈɣaɾ/

### Verb

estragar (first-person singular present estrago, first-person singular preterite estraguei, past participle estragado)
* (transitive) to spoil, damage, corrupt, waste
    As chuvias estragaron a colleita. ― The rains ruined the harvest.
** 1295, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., page 11:ouverõ alj outrosi muy grãdes lides conos mouros, et uençerõnos et astragarõ toda essa terra a ferro et a fogothey had there other large battles with the Moors, and they defeated them and wasted all that land with fire and iron
* (pronominal) to go bad (of foods and commodities)
    Synonym: gorar
    Esas laranxas estragáronse. ― These oranges have gone bad.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* estrago

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “estragar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “strag”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “estragar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “estragar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “estragar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “estragar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “estragar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese estragar, from Vulgar Latin *strāgāre, from Latin strāgēs (“defeat, slaughter”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /is.tɾaˈɡa(ʁ)/ [is.tɾaˈɡa(h)], /es.tɾaˈɡa(ʁ)/ [es.tɾaˈɡa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /is.tɾaˈɡa(ʁ)/ [is.tɾaˈɡa(h)], /es.tɾaˈɡa(ʁ)/ [es.tɾaˈɡa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /is.tɾaˈɡa(ɾ)/, /es.tɾaˈɡa(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʃ.tɾaˈɡa(ʁ)/ [iʃ.tɾaˈɡa(χ)], /eʃ.tɾaˈɡa(ʁ)/ [eʃ.tɾaˈɡa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /es.tɾaˈɡa(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.tɾɐˈɡaɾ/ [(i)ʃ.tɾɐˈɣaɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.tɾɐˈɡaɾ/ [(i)ʃ.tɾɐˈɣaɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.tɾɐˈɡa.ɾi/ [(i)ʃ.tɾɐˈɣa.ɾi]

### Verb

estragar (first-person singular present estrago, first-person singular preterite estraguei, past participle estragado)
* to spoil, to damage, to corrupt, to ruin
    As chuvas estragaram a colheita. ― The rains ruined the harvest.
* to botch, bungle
    Ele não estraga nada. ― He doesn't screw anything up.
* to go bad (of foods and commodities)
    Estas laranjas estragaram-se. ― These oranges have gone bad.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish estragar, from Vulgar Latin *stragāre, from Latin strāges (“defeat, slaughter”), from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- whence English strew and destroy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /estɾaˈɡaɾ/ [es.t̪ɾaˈɣ̞aɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: es‧tra‧gar

### Verb

estragar (first-person singular present estrago, first-person singular preterite estragué, past participle estragado)
* (transitive) to ruin, spoil, ravage, corrupt

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* estragamiento
* estrago

### Further reading

* “estragar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10