# 悲傷
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bēishāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟ ㄕㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bei$^1$ soeng$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pî-sông
    (Hailu, HRS): bui$^ˋ$ shong$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bi$^1$ song$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pi-siong / pi-siang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bui$^1$ sion$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bēishāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄟ ㄕㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: beishang
*** Wade–Giles: pei$^1$-shang$^1$
*** Yale: bēi-shāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beishang
*** Palladius: бэйшан (bɛjšan)
*** Sinological IPA : /peɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bei$^1$ soeng$^1$
*** Yale: bēi sēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bei$^1$ soeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: béi$^1$ sêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pei̯⁵⁵ sœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pî-sông
*** Hakka Romanization System: bi$^ˊ$ song$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bi$^1$ song$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pi²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bui$^ˋ$ shong$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /pui⁵³ ʃoŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: bi$^1$ song$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pi⁴⁴ sɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi-siong
*** Tâi-lô: pi-siong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pisiofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pi⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pi³³ siɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi-siang
*** Tâi-lô: pi-siang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pisiafng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁴⁴⁻²² siaŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bui$^1$ sion$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pui sioⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /pui³³⁻²³ sĩõ³³/
* Middle Chinese: pij syang|syangH
Rime :
| Character | 悲 | 傷 | 傷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 書 (26) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (17) | 陽 (105) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 府眉切 | 式羊切 | 式亮切 |
| Baxter | pij | syang | syangH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pˠiɪ/ | /ɕɨɐŋ/ | /ɕɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pᵚi/ | /ɕiɐŋ/ | /ɕiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piɪ/ | /ɕiɑŋ/ | /ɕiɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pji/ | /ɕɨaŋ/ | /ɕɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /pji/ | /ɕiaŋ/ | /ɕiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pi/ | /ɕĭaŋ/ | /ɕĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi/ | /ɕi̯aŋ/ | /ɕi̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bī | shāng | shàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bei$^1$ | soeng$^1$ | soeng$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*prəj l̥aŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*prɯl hljaŋ|hljaŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 悲 | 傷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bēi | shāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pij › | ‹ syang › |
| Old Chinese | /*prəj/ | /*l̥aŋ/ |
| English | sad | wound |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 悲 | 傷 | 傷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 3067 | 14581 | 14588 |
| Phonetic component | 非 | 昜 | 昜 |
| Rime group | 微 | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 悲 | 商 | 餉 |
| Old Chinese | /*prɯl/ | /*hljaŋ/ | /*hljaŋs/ |

### Adjective

悲傷
* sad; sorrowful
    一個悲傷的故事／一个悲伤的故事 ― yīge bēishāng de gùshi ― a sad story
    悲傷欲絕／悲伤欲绝 ― bēishāng yùjué ― to be inconsolably sad

#### Synonyms

* 京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
* 傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
* 傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
* 傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
* 傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
* 傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
* 傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
* 刺心 (cìxīn)
* 哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
* 哀切 (āiqiè)
* 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
* 哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
* 哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
* 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
* 哀痛 (āitòng)
* 哀苦 (āikǔ)
* 心酸 (xīnsuān)
* 怛傷／怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
* 悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
* 情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
* 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
* 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
* 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
* 悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
* 悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
* 悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
* 悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
* 悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
* 悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
* 悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
* 悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
* 悲戚 (bēiqī)
* 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
* 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
* 悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
* 悲痛 (bēitòng)
* 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
* 感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
* 愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
* 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
* 惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
* 愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
* 慘／惨 (cǎn)
* 憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
* 慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
* 憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
* 憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
* 慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
* 憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
* 懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
* 沉痛 (chéntòng)
* 淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
* 淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
* 淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
* 淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
* 淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
* 淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
* 痛心 (tòngxīn)
* 艱苦心／艰苦心 (Hokkien)
* 蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
* 酸心 (suānxīn)
* 難受／难受 (nánshòu)
* 難過／难过 (nánguò)
* 青凊 (Hokkien)
* 黯然 (ànrán)

#### Derived terms

* 悲傷感／悲伤感
* 悲傷憔悴／悲伤憔悴

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 悲(ひ)傷(しょう) (hishō)
* → Korean: 비상(悲傷) (bisang)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 悲 | 傷 |
| ひ Grade: 3 | しょう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [çi̥ɕo̞ː]

### Noun

悲(ひ)傷(しょう) • (hishō)
* grief

### Verb

悲(ひ)傷(しょう)する • (hishō suru) suru (stem 悲(ひ)傷(しょう)し (hishō shi), past 悲(ひ)傷(しょう)した (hishō shita))
* to grieve
    Synonyms: 嘆く, 悼む

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 悲 | 傷 |

### Noun

悲傷 • (bisang) (hangeul 비상)
* hanja form of 비상 (“grief”)