# 回想
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huíxiǎng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wui$^4$ soeng$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fì-sióng
    (Hailu, HRS): fui siong$^ˊ$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hôe-sióng / hê-sióng / hôe-siáng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huíxiǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huéisiǎng
*** Wade–Giles: hui$^2$-hsiang$^3$
*** Yale: hwéi-syǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hweisheang
*** Palladius: хуэйсян (xuejsjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$回想 迴響 / 回响
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wui$^4$ soeng$^2$
*** Yale: wùih séung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wui$^4$ soeng$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wui$^4$ sêng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuːi̯²¹ sœːŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fì-sióng
*** Hakka Romanization System: fi$^ˇ$ xiong$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fi$^2$ xiong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /fi¹¹ si̯oŋ³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fui siong$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /fui⁵⁵ sioŋ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôe-sióng
*** Tâi-lô: huê-sióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoesiorng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hue²³⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hue²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hue²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hê-sióng
*** Tâi-lô: hê-sióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hesiorng
*** IPA (Taipei): /he²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôe-siáng
*** Tâi-lô: huê-siáng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoesiarng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hue¹³⁻²² siaŋ⁵³/

### Verb

回想
* to recall; to recollect; to remember; to think back

#### Synonyms

* 回味 (huíwèi) (to recall something and ponder it)
* 回念 (huíniàn)
* 回憶 / 回忆 (huíyì)
* 回溯 (huísù)
* 回顧 / 回顾 (huígù)
* 回首 (huíshǒu)
* 思古 (sīgǔ) (literary, to be nostalgic for antiquity)
* 感念 (gǎnniàn) (to recall fondly)
* 感懷 / 感怀 (gǎnhuái) (to recall with emotion)
* 想起 (xiǎngqǐ)
* 憶 / 忆 (yì)
* 憶想 / 忆想 (yìxiǎng)
* 懷古 / 怀古 (huáigǔ) (literary, to be nostalgic for antiquity)
* 浮想 (fúxiǎng)
* 留戀 / 留恋 (liúliàn) (to recall with nostalgia)
* 緬想 / 缅想 (miǎnxiǎng)
* 緬懷 / 缅怀 (miǎnhuái) (to cherish the memory of, especially the deceased)
* 記 / 记 (jì)
* 記得 / 记得 (jìde)
* 記憶 / 记忆 (jìyì)
* 記起 / 记起 (jìqǐ)
* 諗起 / 谂起 (nam$^2$ hei$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 追 (literary, or in compounds)
* 追念 (zhuīniàn)
* 追思 (zhuīsī) (especially the deceased)
* 追想 (zhuīxiǎng)
* 追憶 / 追忆 (zhuīyì)
* 追懷 / 追怀 (zhuīhuái)
* 遙想 / 遥想 (yáoxiǎng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 回想(かいそう) (kaisō)
* → Korean: 회상(回想) (hoesang)
* → Vietnamese: hồi tưởng (回想)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 回 | 想 |
| かい Grade: 2 | そう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かいそー [kàísóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠iso̞ː]

### Noun

回(かい)想(そう) • (kaisō)
* reminiscence, reflection

#### Derived terms

* 回想録(かいそうろく) (kaisōroku)

### Verb

回(かい)想(そう)する • (kaisō suru) transitive suru (stem 回(かい)想(そう)し (kaisō shi), past 回(かい)想(そう)した (kaisō shita))
* to reminisce, to reflect

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 回想し | かいそうし | kaisō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 回想し | かいそうし | kaisō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 回想する | かいそうする | kaisō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 回想する | かいそうする | kaisō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 回想すれ | かいそうすれ | kaisō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 回想せよ¹ 回想しろ² | かいそうせよ¹ かいそうしろ² | kaisō seyo¹ kaisō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 回想される | かいそうされる | kaisō sareru |
| Causative | 回想させる 回想さす | かいそうさせる かいそうさす | kaisō saseru kaisō sasu |
| Potential | 回想できる | かいそうできる | kaisō dekiru |
| Volitional | 回想しよう | かいそうしよう | kaisō shiyō |
| Negative | 回想しない | かいそうしない | kaisō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 回想せず | かいそうせず | kaisō sezu |
| Formal | 回想します | かいそうします | kaisō shimasu |
| Perfective | 回想した | かいそうした | kaisō shita |
| Conjunctive | 回想して | かいそうして | kaisō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 回想すれば | かいそうすれば | kaisō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 回 | 想 |

### Noun

回想 • (hoesang) (hangeul 회상)
* hanja form of 회상 (“reminiscence, remembrance, recollection”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 回 | 想 |

### Verb

回想
* chữ Hán form of hồi tưởng (“to reminisce, to recall past memories”).