# 壩

| 壩 | U+58E9, &#22761; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58E9 |
| ← 壨 [U+58E8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 壪 → [U+58EA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

壩 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+21, 24 strokes, cangjie input 土一月月 (GMBB), four-corner 4112$_7$, composition ⿰土霸)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 242, character 33
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5630
* Dae Jaweon: page 482, character 31
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 502, character 25
* Unihan data for U+58E9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 壩 | *praːɡs |
| 霸 | *praːɡs |
| 灞 | *praːɡs |
| 欛 | *praːɡs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *praːɡs) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 霸 (OC *praːɡs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): bà (ba$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄅㄚˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бэ (be, II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baa$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pa
* Eastern Min (BUC): bá
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pà / pèr / pè
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ba$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$po
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ba$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bà
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bà
*** Wade–Giles: pa$^4$
*** Yale: bà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bah
*** Palladius: ба (ba)
*** Sinological IPA : /pä⁵¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бэ (be, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɛ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baa$^3$
*** Yale: ba
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ba$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /paː³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pa
*** Hakka Romanization System: ba
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ba$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pa⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bá
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pà
*** Tâi-lô: pà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pax
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pa⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /pa²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pa¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pèr
*** Tâi-lô: pèr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pə⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pè
*** Tâi-lô: pè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pex
*** IPA (Taipei): /pe¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /pe²¹/
* pà - literary;
* pèr/pè - vernacular.
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*praːɡs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 壩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 180 |
| Phonetic component | 霸 |
| Rime group | 暮 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 霸 |
| Old Chinese | /*praːɡs/ |

### Definitions

壩
* dam; embankment; dike
* Alternative form of 垻 / 坝 (“plain; beach”)
* beach (sandy, on a river, lake or coast, used chiefly in place names)

#### Synonyms

* (dam): 壩子／坝子 (bàzi)
* (beach): 沙灘／沙滩 (shātān)

### Compounds

* 丁壩 / 丁坝
* 上壩 / 上坝 (Shàngbà)
* 作壩 / 作坝
* 六壩 / 六坝 (Liùbà)
* 南壩 / 南坝 (Nánbà)
* 坑壩 / 坑坝
* 坪壩 / 坪坝 (píngbà)
* 堤壩 / 堤坝 (dībà)
* 壩址 / 坝址
* 壩基 / 坝基
* 壩子 / 坝子 (bàzi)
* 壩工 / 坝工
* 壩田 / 坝田 (bàtián)
* 壩臺 / 坝台
* 大壩 / 大坝 (dàbà)
* 攔沙壩 / 拦沙坝
* 攔河壩 / 拦河坝
* 攔洪壩 / 拦洪坝
* 水壩 / 水坝 (shuǐbà)
* 沙壩 / 沙坝 (Shābà)
* 河壩 / 河坝 (hébà)
* 連拱壩 / 连拱坝
* 重力壩 / 重力坝

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): は (ha)、へ (he)
* Kun: るせき (ruseki)

## Korean
### Hanja

壩 • (pae) (hangeul 패, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'ae)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

壩: Hán Nôm readings: bá
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation