OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# zeenaald
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of zee +‎ naald.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzeː.naːlt/
* Hyphenation: zee‧naald

### Noun

zeenaald f (plural zeenaalden)
* a pipefish; certain fish of the family Syngnathidae, particularly of genus Syngnathus

#### Derived terms

* grote zeenaald
* kleine zeenaald
* trompetterzeenaald

### Further reading

* zeenaald on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# abstechest
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

abstechest
* second-person singular dependent subjunctive I of abstechen
# żmijowy
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* źmijowy (Middle Polish)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish źmijewy, źmijowy. By surface analysis, żmija +‎ -owy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʐmiˈjɔ.vɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
* Syllabification: żmi‧jo‧wy

### Adjective

żmijowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational, rare) adder, viperine
    Synonyms: żmii, żmijny

#### Derived terms

* maść żmijowa
* plemię żmijowe
* rauwolfia żmijowa
* Wały Żmijowe

#### Related terms

* żmii
* żmijny
* żmijowaty
* żmijowato
* żmij
* żmijogłów
* żmijowiec
* żmijówka

### Further reading

* żmijowy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* żmijowy in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
# leivittää
## Finnish
### Etymology

leipä (“bread”) +‎ -ittää

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlei̯ʋitːæːˣ/, [ˈle̞i̯ʋit̪ːæː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -eiʋitːæː
* Hyphenation: lei‧vit‧tää

### Verb

leivittää
* to bread, crumb, breadcrumb (coat with breadcrumbs)
    Synonyms: paneroida, paneerata

#### Derived terms

* leivite
* leivittäminen
* leivitys

### Further reading

* “leivittää”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* lievittää, viilettää
# colonialize
## English
### Etymology

From colonial +‎ -ize.

### Verb

colonialize (third-person singular simple present colonializes, present participle colonializing, simple past and past participle colonialized)
* To make colonial.

#### Derived terms

* decolonialize
# dorożkarz
## Polish
### Etymology

From dorożka +‎ -arz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɔˈrɔʂ.kaʂ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔʂkaʂ
* Syllabification: do‧roż‧karz

### Noun

dorożkarz m pers (related adjective dorożkarski or dorożkarzowy)
* cabdriver, cabman, flyman, hackie (person who drives a carriage for a living)
    Synonyms: dryndziarz, fiakier, sałaciarz, sałata

#### Derived terms

* dorożkarstwo
* dorożkarzowa

#### Related terms

* dorożkarsko
* dorożka
* dorożkować impf

### Further reading

* dorożkarz in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* dorożkarz in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# androstane
## English
### Noun

androstane (countable and uncountable, plural androstanes)
* (biochemistry) The steroid hydrocarbon from which all androgens (such as testosterone) are derived

#### Derived terms

* androstanediol
* androstanol
* androstanolone
* epostane
* -mestane
* norandrostane
* pancuronium
* trilostane
# hřmot
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦr̝mot]

### Noun

hřmot m inan
* rumble, thunder (sound)

#### Related terms

* hřmět
* hřmít

### Further reading

* “hřmot”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “hřmot”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “hřmot”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# dywanik
## Polish
### Etymology

From dywan +‎ -ik.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɘˈva.ɲik/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aɲik
* Syllabification: dy‧wa‧nik

### Noun

dywanik m inan
* diminutive of dywan
* (colloquial, figurative) conversation to which a superior calls their subordinate in order to admonish them
    Hypernym: rozmowa
* top layer of an asphalt, tar, or cobblestone road directly exposed to traffic

#### Related terms

* dywaniarski
* dywanowy
* dywan
* dywan perski
* dywaniarka
* dywaniarz

### Further reading

* dywanik in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* dywanik in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# ꦱꦲꦱꦿ
## Javanese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Javanese sahasra (“one thousand”), from Sanskrit सहस्र (sahasra, “thousand”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.has.rɔ/
* Rhymes: -sɔ
* Hyphenation: sa‧has‧ra

### Numeral

ꦱꦲꦱꦿ (sahasra)
* (archaic) one thousand

### Further reading

* “sahasra” in Javanese-Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Jawa-Indonesia], Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta Special [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta], 2023.
# catedral
## Asturian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin cathedrālis, from cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρᾱ (kathédrā, “seat”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kateˈdɾal/ [ka.t̪eˈð̞ɾal]

### Noun

catedral f (plural catedrales)
* cathedral

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin cathedrālis, from cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρᾱ (kathédrā, “seat”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [kə.təˈðɾal]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ka.teˈðɾal]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

catedral f (plural catedrals)
* cathedral

#### Derived terms

* catedralici

#### Related terms

* càtedra

### Further reading

* “catedral” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Galician
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin cathedrālis, from cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρᾱ (kathédrā, “seat”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kateˈdɾal/ [kɑ.t̪eˈð̞ɾɑɫ]
* Rhymes: -al
* Hyphenation: ca‧te‧dral

### Noun

catedral f (plural catedrais)
* cathedral

### Further reading

* “catedral”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Mirandese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin cathedrālis, from cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρᾱ (kathédrā, “seat”).

### Noun

catedral f
* cathedral

## Piedmontese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kateˈdral/

### Noun

catedral f (plural catedraj)
* cathedral

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin cathedrālis, from cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρᾱ (kathédrā, “seat”). By surface analysis, cátedra +‎ -al. Piecewise doublet of cadeiral.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ka.teˈdɾaw/ [ka.teˈdɾaʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /kɐ.tɨˈdɾal/ [kɐ.tɨˈðɾaɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /kɐ.tɨˈdɾal/ [kɐ.tɨˈðɾaɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /kɐ.tɨˈdɾa.li/ [kɐ.tɨˈðɾa.li]
* Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
* Hyphenation: ca‧te‧dral

### Noun

catedral f (plural catedrais)
* cathedral
    Synonym: sé

#### Related terms

* cátedra

### Further reading

* “catedral” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin cathedrālis, from cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρᾱ (kathédrā, “seat”). Equivalent to cátedra +‎ -al.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kateˈdɾal/ [ka.t̪eˈð̞ɾal]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: ca‧te‧dral

### Noun

catedral f (plural catedrales)
* cathedral

#### Derived terms

* como una catedral
* iglesia catedral

#### Related terms

* cátedra

#### Descendants

* → Bikol Central: katedral
* → Tagalog: katedrál

### Further reading

* “catedral”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# formalizować
## Polish
### Etymology

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from English formalize, French formaliser, or German formalisieren. By surface analysis, formalny +‎ -izować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔr.ma.liˈzɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: for‧ma‧li‧zo‧wać

### Verb

formalizować impf (perfective sformalizować)
* (transitive) to formalize (to give characteristics accepted in certain circumstances)
    formalizować postępowanie ― to formalize a case
    formalizować proces ― to formalize a process
    formalizować umowę ― to formalize an agreement
* (transitive) to formalize (to give something a definite form; to shape)
    formalizować związek ― to formalize a relationship
    formalizować współpracę ― to formalize a cooperation
* (reflexive with się) to formalize (to gain characteristics accepted in certain circumstances)
* (reflexive with się) to formalize (to gain a definite form; to shape)

#### Derived terms

* odformalizować pf, odformalizowywać impf
* przeformalizować pf
* (obsolete) uformalizować pf
* (rare) zaformalizować pf

#### Related terms

* formalistyczny
* formalizacyjny
* formalizowalny
* formalnościowy
* formalny
* formalistycznie
* formalnie
* (Middle Polish) formalia
* formalista
* formalistka
* formalistyczność
* formalistyka
* formalizacja
* formalizm
* formalność

### References

* ↑ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “formalizować”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

### Further reading

* formalizować in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* formalizować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “formalizować”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “formalizować”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 762
* formalizować in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
* Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “formalizować”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
# raadella
## Finnish
### Etymology

From raato +‎ -ella.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɑːdelːɑˣ/, [ˈrɑ̝ːde̞lːɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ɑːdelːɑ
* Hyphenation: raa‧del‧la

### Verb

raadella
* To savage, maul (to attack with the teeth).

#### Derived terms

* raateleminen
* raatelu

### Further reading

* “raadella”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# bobowski
## Polish
### Etymology

From Bobowa +‎ -ski.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɔˈbɔf.ski/
* Rhymes: -ɔfski
* Syllabification: bo‧bow‧ski

### Adjective

bobowski (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* of, from or relating to Bobowa

#### Related terms

* bobowianin
* bobowianka
* Bobowa

### Further reading

* bobowski in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# zenbat
## Basque
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /s̻embat/ [s̻ẽm.bat̪]
* IPA: (most dialects) /s̻embat/ [s̻ẽm.bat̪]
* IPA: (Biscayan) /s̺embat/ [s̺ẽm.bat̪]
* Rhymes: -embat
* Hyphenation: zen‧bat

### Determiner

zenbat (preposed, interrogative)
* how much
* how many

#### Derived terms

* zenbaki (“number”) (see there for further derivations)
* zenbat-gura
* zenbat-nahi
* zenbatean
* zenbateko (“of what size?”)
* zenbatera (“how far?”)
* zenbateraino
* zenbaterainoko
* zenbatespen
* zenbatetan (“how many times”)
* zenbatetsi
* zenbatgarren
* zenbatsu (“approximately how many?”)
* zenbatu (“to count”) (see there for further derivations)

### Pronoun

zenbat (interrogative)
* how many

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “zenbat”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
* “zenbat”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
# szlachetnie
## Polish
### Etymology

From szlachetny +‎ -ie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʂlaˈxɛt.ɲɛ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛtɲɛ
* Syllabification: szla‧chet‧nie

### Adverb

szlachetnie (comparative szlachetniej, superlative najszlachetniej)
* nobly

#### Related terms

* szlachta

### Further reading

* szlachetnie in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* szlachetnie in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# 捏合
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): niēhé
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄝ ㄏㄜˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niēhé
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄝ ㄏㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: niehé
*** Wade–Giles: nieh$^1$-ho$^2$
*** Yale: nyē-hé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nhieher
*** Palladius: нехэ (nexɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯ɛ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

### Verb

捏合
* to press together with one's fingers
* to bring together; to unite
# vidění
## Czech
### Etymology

From vidět +‎ -ení.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɪɟɛɲiː]
* Hyphenation: vi‧dě‧ní

### Noun

vidění n
* verbal noun of vidět
* vision (sense or ability of sight)
    Synonym: zrak
* vision (apparition, hallucination, mirage)

#### Related terms

* sen m
* vidina f

### Further reading

* “vidění”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “vidění”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “vidění”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# abacista
## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin abacista, from Latin abacus (“abacus”) + -ista (“-ist”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /a.baˈsis.tɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /a.baˈsis.tɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /a.baˈsiʃ.tɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /a.baˈsis.ta/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.bɐˈsiʃ.tɐ/ [ɐ.βɐˈsiʃ.tɐ]
* Hyphenation: a‧ba‧cis‧ta

### Noun

abacista m or f by sense (plural abacistas)
* abacist (one who calculates using an abacus)

#### Related terms

* ábaco

### Further reading

* “abacista”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin abacista, from Latin abacus (“abacus”) + -ista (“-ist”).

### Noun

abacista m or f by sense (plural abacistas)
* abacist

#### Related terms

* ábaco
# hyväksikäyttää
## Finnish
### Etymology

hyväksi +‎ käyttää

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhyʋæksiˌkæy̯tːæːˣ/, [ˈhyʋæks̠iˌk̟æy̯t̪ːæː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -æytːæː
* Hyphenation: hy‧väksi‧käyttää

### Verb

hyväksikäyttää
* (transitive, usually atelic) to abuse, to exploit, to molest

#### Synonyms

* käyttää hyväksi

#### Derived terms

* hyväksikäyttö

### Further reading

* “hyväksikäyttää”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* käyttää hyväksi
# akùszer
## Kashubian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish akuszer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈkwu.ʃɛr/
* Rhymes: -uʃɛr
* Syllabification: a‧kù‧szer

### Noun

akùszer m inan (female equivalent akùszerka, related adjective akùszersczi)
* accoucheur, man-midwife, midhusband
    Synonym: grótôcz

#### Related terms

* akùszeriô
* akùszerstwò

### Further reading

* Jan Trepczyk (1994) “akuszer”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “akuszer”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
* “akùszer”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
# microbiología
## Spanish
### Etymology

From micro- +‎ biología (“biology”) or microbio +‎ -logía.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mikɾobjoloˈxia/ [mi.kɾo.β̞jo.loˈxi.a]
* Rhymes: -ia
* Syllabification: mi‧cro‧bio‧lo‧gí‧a

### Noun

microbiología f (plural microbiologías)
* microbiology

#### Derived terms

* microbiológico

### Further reading

* “microbiología”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# agbọn
## Yoruba
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ā.ɡ͡bɔ̃́/

#### Noun

agbọ́n
* wasp
* petulant person

### Etymology 2

a- (“agent-creating prefix”) +‎ gbọ́n (“to be wise, intelligent”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ā.ɡ͡bɔ̃́/

#### Noun

agbọ́n
* one who is wise or intelligent

### Etymology 3

Cognate with Igala ágbà and Edo agban

#### Alternative forms

* agbàn

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ā.ɡ͡bɔ̃̀/

#### Noun

agbọ̀n
* basket
    Synonyms: apẹ̀rẹ̀, ìkó, ṣùkù

##### Derived terms

* alágbọ̀n (“owner of a basket”)
* Alágbọ̀n (“place near Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́, Ọ̀yọ́ State, Nigeria”)

### Etymology 4

a- (“agent-creating prefix”) +‎ gbọ̀n (“to shake, shiver”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ā.ɡ͡bɔ̃̀/

#### Noun

agbọ̀n
* one that shakes, shivers, or trembles

### Etymology 5

Unclear etymology, from à- +‎ gbọn, likely a Yoruba coinage as the words for coconut in Central Yoruba or related languages like Itsekiri, Igala, Edo, Igbo, Nupe, are not related from this (most come from a Portuguese root). Other languages that don't have borrowings from Portuguese usually use a variation or compounding with a word for the oil palm tree, which is similar to the coconut. This may also suggest that Western Yoruba speakers did not receive coconuts from the Portuguese, and instead may have gotten it from another source. Compare with Ifè àgbã.
* Unlikely, but possibly from à- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ gbọ̀n (“to shake”)?

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /à.ɡ͡bɔ̃̄/

#### Noun

àgbọn
* coconut
    Synonym: kòkódìà

##### Derived terms

* alágbọn (“owner or seller of coconuts”)
* Alágbọn (“Nigeria Police Headquarters in Lagos, Nigeria”)
* okùn èèpo-àgbọn (“coir”)
* àdín àgbọn (“coconut oil”)
* àgbọn olódu (“African Fan Palm, Borassus aethiopum”)
* àságbẹẹ kèrékèré-àgbọn (“copra”)

### Etymology 6

Picture dictionary :
agbọn
agbárí
ọpọlọ
ojú
ètè
imú
ẹnu
àgbọ̀n
ẹ̀rẹ̀kẹ́
etí
ìdètí
ọrùn :
Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *à-gbã̀. Cognates exist in most other Volta-Niger languages (where it is often translated as chin or jaw), suggesting what is likely a common Volta-Niger origin, see Igala àgbà, Ayere àngbà, Yekhee agba, Itsekiri agba, Arigidi àmgbà, Arigidi àgbɔ̀̃, Edo agbanmwẹn, Idoma agba, Fon gbà, Igbo àgbà, and Urhobo egba, and potentially Oko-Eni-Osayen akã̂, perhaps from Proto-Volta-Niger *à-gbà. The possible Benue-Congo cognates Ibibio mban̄, Ahwai akpaal, and Ahwai áŋkpàn may suggest a pre-Volta-Niger origin, which is uncertain.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /à.ɡ͡bɔ̃̀/

#### Noun

àgbọ̀n
* chin

##### Derived terms

* alágbọ̀n (“one with a peculiar chin”)
* eegun àgbọ̀n (“jawbone”)
* irùngbọ̀n (“beard”)
* tọ́ọ́rọ́ àgbọ̀n (“cleft chin”)
* àgbọ̀n-ìsàlẹ̀ (“lower jaw”)
* àgbọ̀n-òkè (“upper jaw”)
# bum shuffle
## English
### Verb

bum shuffle (third-person singular simple present bum shuffles, present participle bum shuffling, simple past and past participle bum shuffled)
* (informal) To sit on the floor and move by scooting or sliding one's buttocks across the floor.
    The dog is wont to bum shuffle on the rug immediately after relieving himself outside.
# dehumanizing
## English
### Adjective

dehumanizing (comparative more dehumanizing, superlative most dehumanizing)
* Alternative spelling of dehumanising

#### Derived terms

* dehumanizingly

### Verb

dehumanizing
* present participle and gerund of dehumanize

### Noun

dehumanizing (plural dehumanizings)
* An act of dehumanization.
** 2008, M. W. Sphero, Religion: The Defamer of God, page 210:[…] to support or agree with the persecutions, beatings, dehumanizings, insults, murders, genocides, and oppressions of a perpetrator's target […]
# spęcznieć
## Polish
### Etymology

From s- +‎ pęcznieć.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈspɛnt͡ʂ.ɲɛt͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛnt͡ʂɲɛt͡ɕ
* Syllabification: spęcz‧nieć

### Verb

spęcznieć pf (imperfective pęcznieć)
* (intransitive) to swell, to bloat
    Synonyms: nabrzmieć, obrzęknąć, napuchnąć
* (intransitive) to bulge
    Synonym: wybrzuszyć się

#### Derived terms

* spęczniały

#### Related terms

* pękaty
* pąk
* pękać
* pęknąć

### Further reading

* spęcznieć in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* spęcznieć in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# acalambrar
## Spanish
### Etymology

From calambre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /akalamˈbɾaɾ/ [a.ka.lãmˈbɾaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: a‧ca‧lam‧brar

### Verb

acalambrar (first-person singular present acalambro, first-person singular preterite acalambré, past participle acalambrado)
* (Latin America, transitive, reflexive) to cramp

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

#### Related terms

* encalambrar

### Further reading

* “acalambrar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# campestre
## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin campester.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [kəmˈpɛs.tɾə]
* IPA: (Balearic) unknown
* IPA: (Valencia) [kamˈpes.tɾe]

### Adjective

campestre m or f (masculine and feminine plural campestres)
* (relational) countryside; rural
    Synonym: camperol

### Further reading

* “campestre”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “campestre” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin campestrem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kamˈpɛ.stre/
* Rhymes: -ɛstre
* Hyphenation: cam‧pè‧stre

### Adjective

campestre (plural campestri)
* (relational) country (as opposed to city); cross-country, rural
    Synonym: rurale

#### Derived terms

* acero campestre
* campestremente
* olmo campestre

#### Related terms

* campo

### Further reading

* campestre in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Latin
### Adjective

campestre
* nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of campester

### References

* campestre in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* “campestre”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “campestre”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin campestrem.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kɐ̃ˈpɛs.tɾi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /kɐ̃ˈpɛs.tɾi/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /kɐ̃ˈpɛʃ.tɾi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /kɐ̃ˈpɛs.tɾe/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kɐ̃ˈpɛʃ.tɾɨ/
* Hyphenation: cam‧pes‧tre

### Adjective

campestre m or f (plural campestres)
* campestral (relating to open fields or uncultivated land)

### Noun

campestre m (plural campestres)
* clearing (area of land within a wood or forest devoid of trees)
    Synonym: clareira

#### Related terms

* campesino
* campo

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin campester.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kamˈpestɾe/ [kãmˈpes.t̪ɾe]
* Rhymes: -estɾe
* Syllabification: cam‧pes‧tre

### Adjective

campestre m or f (masculine and feminine plural campestres)
* (relational) country; rural, rustic
    Synonym: rural
* cross-country

#### Derived terms

* ánsar campestre
* arce campestre
* lechuzón campestre

#### Related terms

* campo

### Further reading

* “campestre”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# włókniarz
## Polish
### Etymology

From włókno +‎ -arz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvwuk.ɲaʂ/
* Rhymes: -ukɲaʂ
* Syllabification: włók‧niarz

### Noun

włókniarz m pers (female equivalent włókniarka)
* textile worker, clothworker

#### Related terms

* bezwłóknisty
* włókienkowaty
* włókienkowy
* włókienniczy
* włókienny
* włóknisty
* włókienko
* włókiennictwo
* włókiennik
* włókniak
* włókniarka
* włóknik
* włóknina
* włókno

### Further reading

* włókniarz in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* włókniarz in Polish dictionaries at PWN