OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# aktuwasyon
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* aktwasyon — superseded, pre-2007

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish actuación.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaktuasˈjon/ [ʔɐk.t̪wɐˈʃon̪]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /ʔaktuasˈjon/ [ʔɐk.t̪wɐsˈjon̪]
* Rhymes: -on
* Syllabification: ak‧tu‧was‧yon

### Noun

aktuwasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜏᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)
* conduct; behavior
    Synonyms: ugali, kilos
* activity
    Synonyms: paggawa, gawain, aktibidad
* carrying out; execution; actuation
    Synonym: pagpapatupad

#### Related terms

* adyenda
* ahenda
* ahensiya
* ahensiya-de-empenyo
* ahente
* ahilidad
* ahitador
* ahitasyon
* aksiyon
* aksiyonista
* akta
* aktiba
* aktibado
* aktibasyon
* aktibidad
* aktibidades
* aktibismo
* aktibista
* aktibo
* akting
* aktitud
* akto
* aktor
* aktris
* aktuwal
* aktuwali
* aktuwalidad
* aktuwaryo
* bos-aktiba
* inaksiyon
* inaktibo
* inter-aksiyon
* papel de ahensiya
* reaksiyon
* reaksiyonaryo
* reaktibasyon
* reaktibidad
* reaktibo
* retroaktibo

### Further reading

* “aktuwasyon”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* Cuadrado Muñiz, Adolfo (1972) Hispanismos en el tagalo: diccionario de vocablos de origen español vigentes en esta lengua filipina, Madrid: Oficina de Educación Iberoamericana, page 9
# summable
## English
### Etymology

From sum +‎ -able.

### Adjective

summable (not comparable)
* Able to be summed (able to be added); that is, able to be summed up (able to be added up); thus:
** Addible.
** Able to be summarized; summarizable.
* (mathematics, of a function) Having a Lebesgue integral.

#### Derived terms

* absolutely summable

#### Translations
### See also

* integrable

### Anagrams

* sublemma
# zdrowota
## Polish
### Etymology

From zdrowy +‎ -ota. First attested in 1877.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zdrɔˈvɔ.ta/
* Rhymes: -ɔta
* Syllabification: zdro‧wo‧ta

### Noun

zdrowota f
* (obsolete, rare) health, healthiness
    Synonym: zdrowie
** 1879, Gazeta Narodowa‎, 18th edition, number 86, page 2: […] po pierwsze: w indywidualnych stosunkach życia, w pożywieniu, pomieszkaniu, zdrowocie, w zarobkowości i posiadaniu, przede wszystkim zaś w wykształceniu szkolnem pojedyńczego człowieka daje się dostrzegać […] […] first of all, in individual living conditions, in nutrition, living, health, in wages, and in ownership, above all else, however, in school education of the individual person one can see […]
** 1882, Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski, Encyklopedyja wychowawcza. T. 2, Basedow-Ćwiczenia‎, page 526:Już to samo świadczy niekorzystnie o władzach szkolnych i urzędach zdrowia, że na tak ważny przedmiot nie zwróciły bacznéj uwagi, pozbawiając przez to statystykę szkolną środków ocenienia stanu zdrowia czyli zdrowoty młodzi szkolnéj.This already uncomfortable proves the same about school authorities and health bureaus, that they didn't pay close attention to such an important subject, depriving the school's statistics of the means to judge the state of health, in other words the healthiness of the school's youth.
** 1883, Nowa Reforma‎, 2nd edition, number 123, page 3:a któż nie przyzna, że do przeważnych w tej mierze źródeł należy niemoc w podołaniu swym potrzebom własnym, jakoteż choroba ducha, pozostającego w tak ścisłym związku ze zdrowotą ciała?And who won't admit, that sources powerful in this regard need the inability to properly deal with one's own needs as well as deal with sickness of the soul which leaves one in such a strict state with the body's health?

#### Derived terms

* zdrowotny

### References

* ↑ Czas‎ (in Polish), 30 edition, number 184, 1877, page 2
# wygłodzić
## Polish
### Etymology

From wy- +‎ głodzić.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɘˈɡwɔ.d͡ʑit͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔd͡ʑit͡ɕ
* Syllabification: wy‧gło‧dzić

### Verb

wygłodzić pf (imperfective wygładzać)
* (transitive) to famish, to starve somebody
* (reflexive with się) to endure not eating for a long time or eating little

#### Related terms

* głodny
* głodomorek
* głodomór
* głodówka
* głód
* głodnieć
* głodować
* głodzić
* zagładzać
* zagłodzić
* zgłodnieć

### Further reading

* wygłodzić in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* wygłodzić in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# dlouho
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech dlúho. By surface analysis, dlouhý +‎ -o. Compare Polish długo and Russian до́лго (dólgo).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdlou̯ɦo]
* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

dlouho (comparative déle, superlative nejdéle)
* Long, a long time
* Long, a particular amount of time (determined in the sentence)
    Jak dlouho to bude trvat? ― How long will it last?
    Nebudu tam tak dlouho. ― I won't be there that long.

#### Related terms

* dýl
* zanedlouho

### Further reading

* “dlouho”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “dlouho”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “dlouho”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
* František Št. Kott (1890) “dlouho, dlouze”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: František Šimáček, page 60
* František Št. Kott (1878) “dlouho”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: Josef Kolář, page 246
* František Št. Kott (1878) “déle”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: Josef Kolář, page 222
# danyog
## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /danˈjoɡ/ [d̪aˈɲoɡ]
* Hyphenation: dan‧yog

### Noun

danyóg (Basahan spelling ᜇᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜄ᜔)
* (uncommon) Alternative form of dangog

#### Derived terms

* hinanyog
# albuminosis
## English
### Etymology

From albumin +‎ -osis.

### Noun

albuminosis (uncountable)
* (archaic, pathology) A condition of the blood characterized by the presence of more than the usual amount of albumin; hyperalbuminemia.

#### Derived terms

* hyperalbuminosis

#### Translations
### References

* “albuminosis”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
# Närpiö
## Finnish
### Etymology

Probably shortened from the name Närvijoki, Närpijoki, from earlier *Närväjoki, of unknown origin. Other theories include derivation from a personal byname/nickname närvä meaning "stingy" (akin to närppiä) + pää, meaning "head", but here specifically "peninsula" (however, the phonetic development into the form Närpiö appears difficult to explain) and derivation from an anthroponym *Närppi; villages called Närppi can be found in southwestern Finland (it may derive from närppiä as well as a byname/nickname).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnærpiø/, [ˈnærpiø̞]
* Rhymes: -ærpiø
* Hyphenation: När‧piö

### Proper noun

Närpiö
* Närpes (a town and municipality of Ostrobothnia, Finland)

#### Declension

The internal locative cases (inessive, illative and elative) are used with this place name when referring to a location; for example, "in Närpiö" is Närpiössä.
Possessive forms of Närpiö (Kotus type 3/valtio, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Närpiöni
accusative
nom.
Närpiöni
gen.
Närpiöni
genitive
Närpiöni
partitive
Närpiötäni
inessive
Närpiössäni
elative
Närpiöstäni
illative
Närpiööni
adessive
Närpiölläni
ablative
Närpiöltäni
allative
Närpiölleni
essive
Närpiönäni
translative
Närpiökseni
abessive
Närpiöttäni
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Närpiösi
accusative
nom.
Närpiösi
gen.
Närpiösi
genitive
Närpiösi
partitive
Närpiötäsi
inessive
Närpiössäsi
elative
Närpiöstäsi
illative
Närpiöösi
adessive
Närpiölläsi
ablative
Närpiöltäsi
allative
Närpiöllesi
essive
Närpiönäsi
translative
Närpiöksesi
abessive
Närpiöttäsi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Närpiömme
accusative
nom.
Närpiömme
gen.
Närpiömme
genitive
Närpiömme
partitive
Närpiötämme
inessive
Närpiössämme
elative
Närpiöstämme
illative
Närpiöömme
adessive
Närpiöllämme
ablative
Närpiöltämme
allative
Närpiöllemme
essive
Närpiönämme
translative
Närpiöksemme
abessive
Närpiöttämme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Närpiönne
accusative
nom.
Närpiönne
gen.
Närpiönne
genitive
Närpiönne
partitive
Närpiötänne
inessive
Närpiössänne
elative
Närpiöstänne
illative
Närpiöönne
adessive
Närpiöllänne
ablative
Närpiöltänne
allative
Närpiöllenne
essive
Närpiönänne
translative
Närpiöksenne
abessive
Närpiöttänne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Närpiönsä
accusative
nom.
Närpiönsä
gen.
Närpiönsä
genitive
Närpiönsä
partitive
Närpiötään Närpiötänsä
inessive
Närpiössään Närpiössänsä
elative
Närpiöstään Närpiöstänsä
illative
Närpiöönsä
adessive
Närpiöllään Närpiöllänsä
ablative
Närpiöltään Närpiöltänsä
allative
Närpiölleen Närpiöllensä
essive
Närpiönään Närpiönänsä
translative
Närpiökseen Närpiöksensä
abessive
Närpiöttään Närpiöttänsä
instructive
comitative

#### Derived terms

* närpiöläinen

### References

* ↑ Sirkka Paikkala, editor (2007), Suomalainen paikannimikirja [Book of Finnish Place names] (in Finnish), Helsinki: Karttakeskus, Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus, →ISBN

### Anagrams

* pörinä
# vykoupit
## Czech
### Etymology

From vy- +‎ koupit.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɪkou̯pɪt]

### Verb

vykoupit pf (imperfective vykupovat)
* to ransom
* to redeem
* to buy out

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | vykoupit, vykoupiti | Active adjective | vykoupivší |
| Verbal noun | vykoupení | Passive adjective | vykoupený |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | vykoupím | vykoupíme | — | vykupme |
| 2nd person | vykoupíš | vykoupíte | vykup | vykupte |
| 3rd person | vykoupí | vykoupí | — | — |
* The verb vykoupit does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | vykoupil | vykoupili | vykoupen | vykoupeni |
| masculine inanimate | vykoupil | vykoupily | vykoupen | vykoupeny |
| feminine | vykoupila | vykoupily | vykoupena | vykoupeny |
| neuter | vykoupilo | vykoupila | vykoupeno | vykoupena |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | — | vykoupiv |
| feminine + neuter singular | — | vykoupivši |
| plural | — | vykoupivše |

#### Derived terms

* vykoupení n
* výkup m
* výkupné n

### Further reading

* “vykoupiti”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “vykoupiti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “vykoupit”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# keriah
## English
### Alternative forms

* kriah

### Etymology

Borrowed from Hebrew קְרִיעָה (kri'a).

### Noun

keriah (uncountable)
* (Judaism) The ritual tearing of one’s clothes while in mourning, now typically the wearing of a torn black tie or ribbon.
** 1976, Isaac Klein, A Time To Be Born, A Time To Die, page 29:In Keriah for one’s father or mother, the garment is rent on the left side, where the heart is.
** 1980, Abraham P. Bloch, The Biblical and Historical Background of Jewish Customs and Ceremonies, →ISBN, page 52:The ritual of keriah sublimates the self-destruction impulse by taking the sense of guilt into account and giving vent to it, but the act of cutting is limited to a garment worn close to the flesh.
** 2017, Victoria Williams, “Jewish Death Customs, Judaism”, in Celebrating Life Customs around the World: From Baby Showers to Funerals, volume 3, →ISBN, page 131:Just before the funeral all the mourners repeat the act of keriah and recite a blessing to God that reminds the mourners that even at a time of grief they should praise God who created death as part of life.

#### Related terms

* baal keriah

### See also

* rend one's garments
# perpetuar
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin perpetuāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [pər.pə.tuˈa]
* IPA: (Valencia) [peɾ.pe.tuˈaɾ]
* Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

### Verb

perpetuar (first-person singular present perpetuo, first-person singular preterite perpetuí, past participle perpetuat)
* to perpetuate

#### Related terms

* perpetu, perpetual

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin perpetuāre.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /peʁ.pe.tuˈa(ʁ)/ [peh.pe.tʊˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /peʁ.peˈtwa(ʁ)/ [peh.peˈtwa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /peʁ.pe.tuˈa(ʁ)/ [peh.pe.tʊˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /peʁ.peˈtwa(ʁ)/ [peh.peˈtwa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /peɾ.pe.tuˈa(ɾ)/ [peɾ.pe.tʊˈa(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /peɾ.peˈtwa(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /peʁ.pe.tuˈa(ʁ)/ [peχ.pe.tʊˈa(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /peʁ.peˈtwa(ʁ)/ [peχ.peˈtwa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /peɻ.pe.tuˈa(ɻ)/ [peɻ.pe.tʊˈa(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /peɻ.peˈtwa(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɨɾ.pɨˈtwaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɨɾ.pɨˈtwaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /pɨɾ.pɨˈtwa.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: per‧pe‧tu‧ar

### Verb

perpetuar (first-person singular present perpetuo, first-person singular preterite perpetuei, past participle perpetuado)
* (transitive) to perpetuate (make perpetual)
* (transitive) to perpetuate (prolong the existence of)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin perpetuāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peɾpeˈtwaɾ/ [peɾ.peˈt̪waɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: per‧pe‧tuar

### Verb

perpetuar (first-person singular present perpetúo, first-person singular preterite perpetué, past participle perpetuado)
* to perpetuate

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* perpetuación

#### Related terms

* perpetuo

### Further reading

* “perpetuar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# atso
## Basque
### Etymology

From Proto-Basque *atso.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /at͡s̺o/ [a.t͡s̺o]
* IPA: (most dialects) /at͡s̺o/ [a.t͡s̺o]
* IPA: (Biscayan) /at͡s̻o/ [a.t͡s̻o]
* Rhymes: -ats̺o
* Rhymes: -ats̺o
* Rhymes: -ats̻o
* Hyphenation: a‧tso

### Noun

atso anim
* old woman

#### Derived terms

* atso-agure
* atso-besta
* atso-ipuin (“old wives' tale”)
* atsokeria (“old wives' tale”)
* atsolor
* atsotitz (“proverb”)
* atsotizlari (“proverbialist”)
* atsotu (“to get old”)

### References

* ↑ “atso” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

### Further reading

* “atso”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
* “atso”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Wauja
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈt͡sɨ/

### Interjection

atso
* ew, ugh, yuck (expressing disgust, esp. at a bad smell)
    Atso! Petsityaha! Inyaunmalun!
       Ugh! You farted! [You] jerk! (said with laughter)

### References

* E. Ireland field notes. Need to be checked by native speaker.
# acoustoelectric
## English
### Etymology

From acousto- +‎ electric.

### Adjective

acoustoelectric (not comparable)
* Of or pertaining to electroacoustics

#### Synonyms

* electroacoustic

#### Derived terms

* acoustoelectrically

### Anagrams

* electroacoustic
# Boliwijka
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɔ.liˈvij.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ijka
* Syllabification: Bo‧li‧wij‧ka

### Noun

Boliwijka f (male equivalent Boliwijczyk)
* female equivalent of Boliwijczyk (“Bolivian”)

#### Related terms

* Boliwia
* boliwijski

### Further reading

* Boliwijka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# recolector
## Portuguese
### Adjective

recolector (feminine recolectora, masculine plural recolectores, feminine plural recolectoras)
* Pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1990 in Portugal) of recoletor. Still used in countries where the agreement hasn't come into effect; may occur as a sporadic misspelling.

### Noun

recolector m (plural recolectores, feminine recolectora, feminine plural recolectoras)
* Pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1990 in Portugal) of recoletor. Still used in countries where the agreement hasn't come into effect; may occur as a sporadic misspelling.

## Spanish
### Etymology

From re- +‎ colector.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rekoleɡˈtoɾ/ [re.ko.leɣ̞ˈt̪oɾ]
* Rhymes: -oɾ
* Syllabification: re‧co‧lec‧tor

### Noun

recolector m (plural recolectores, feminine recolectora, feminine plural recolectoras)
* collector
* harvester, picker

#### Derived terms

* cazador-recolector
* recolector furtivo

#### Related terms

* recolectar

### Further reading

* “recolector”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# sajgonka
## Polish
### Etymology

From Sajgon +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sajˈɡɔŋ.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔŋka
* Syllabification: saj‧gon‧ka

### Noun

sajgonka f (male equivalent sajgończyk)
* female equivalent of sajgończyk (“Saigonese”) (person from Saigon)
* spring roll (traditional Vietnamese dish)

#### Related terms

* sajgoński
* Sajgon
* sajgon

### Further reading

* sajgonka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* sajgonka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# blotless
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English blotles, equivalent to blot +‎ -less.

### Adjective

blotless (not comparable)
* Without blots; stainless.

#### Derived terms

* blotlessness

### Anagrams

* boltless
# acylative
## English
### Adjective

acylative (not comparable)
* (organic chemistry) That produces or undergoes acylation.

#### Derived terms

* deacylative
# piołun
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish piołun, from Proto-Slavic *pelynъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpjɔ.wun/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔwun
* Syllabification: pio‧łun
* Homophone: Piołun

### Noun

piołun m inan
* absinthe; grande wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)
    Synonyms: bylica piołun, psia ruta, absynt, wermut, bielica piołun

#### Derived terms

* piołunny
* piołunowy
* piołunek
* piołunówka

### Further reading

* piołun in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* piołun in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# buntowniczo
## Polish
### Etymology

From buntowniczy +‎ -o.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bun.tɔvˈɲi.t͡ʂɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -it͡ʂɔ
* Syllabification: bun‧tow‧ni‧czo

### Adverb

buntowniczo (comparative bardziej buntowniczo, superlative najbardziej buntowniczo)
* rebelliously

#### Related terms

* buntowniczy
* buncik
* bunt
* buntowniczka
* buntowniczość
* buntownik
* buntować
* zbuntować

### Further reading

* buntowniczo in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* buntowniczo in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# پایگاه
## Persian
### Etymology

From پای (pây, “foot”) +‎ ـگاه (-gâh, “place of”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [pɑːj.ɡɑːh]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰɑːj.ɡɑːʱ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰɑːj.ɡɑːʱ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [pʰɑːj.ɡɑː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [pʰäj.ɡɔː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [pʰɒːj.ɡɒːʱ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [pʰɔj.ɡɔʱ], [pʰɔj.ɡäʱ]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

| Dari | پایگاه |
| Iranian Persian | پایگاه |
| Tajik | пойгаҳ, пойгоҳ |
پایْگاه • (pâygâh)
* base
* foothold
* (Internet) website, short for پایگاه اینترنتی (pây-gâh-e interneti)
    Synonyms: تارنما (târnamâ), سایت (sâyt), وب‌سایت (veb-sâyt), وب‌گاه (veb-gâh)

#### Derived terms

* پایگاه اینترنتی (pây-gâh-e interneti)
* پایگاه داده‌ها (pây-gâh-e dâde-hâ)
* پایگاه نظامی (pây-gâh-e nezâmi)

#### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: پیكه (peyke)
** Turkish: peyke
# obskurant
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Obskurant, from Latin obscūrans.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔpˈsku.rant/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -urant
* Syllabification: ob‧sku‧rant

### Noun

obskurant m pers (female equivalent obskurantka)
* (derogatory, literary) obscurant, obscurantist, reactionary
    Synonyms: obskurantysta, prymityw, reakcjonista, wstecznik, zacofaniec

#### Derived terms

* obskurancki
* obskurantysta
* obskurantyzm

### Further reading

* obskurant in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* obskurant in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# modifikace
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmodɪfɪkat͡sɛ]

### Noun

modifikace f
* modification

#### Related terms

* See mód
* modifikovat

### Further reading

* “modifikace”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “modifikace”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “modifikace”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# ekwadorski
## Polish
### Etymology

From Ekwador.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ.kfaˈdɔr.ski/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔrski
* Syllabification: e‧kwa‧dor‧ski

### Adjective

ekwadorski (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* Ecuadorian

#### Related terms

* Ekwador
* Ekwadorczyk
* Ekwadorka

### Further reading

* ekwadorski in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# kontrabanda
## Latvian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Italian contrabbando. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Noun

kontrabanda f (4th declension)
* smuggling
* contraband

#### Related terms

* kontrabandists m, kontrabandiste f

### Further reading

* kontrabanda at tezaurs.lv

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French contrebande, from Italian contrabbando.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔn.traˈban.da/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -anda
* Syllabification: kon‧tra‧ban‧da

### Noun

kontrabanda f
* (colloquial) contraband, smuggling
    Synonyms: przemyt, szmugiel, szmuglerka

#### Derived terms

* kontrabandowy
* kontrabandzista
* kontrabandzistka

### Further reading

* kontrabanda in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kontrabanda in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# abdication
## English
### Etymology

First attested in 1552. From Middle French abdication, from Latin abdicātiō (“renunciation”), from abdicō.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌæb.dəˈkeɪ.ʃən/
* (US) IPA: /ˌæb.dəˈkeɪ.ʃən/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

abdication (countable and uncountable, plural abdications)
* (obsolete) The act of disowning or disinheriting a child. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the mid 17th century.]
* The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder. [First attested in the early 17th century.]
* The voluntary renunciation of sovereign power. [First attested in the late 17th century.]
    abdication of the throne, government, power, authority
    the king’s abdication
* (obsolete, law) The renunciation of interest in a property or a legal claim; abandonment. [Attested only in the mid 18th century.]
* (obsolete) The action of being deposed from the seat of power. [Attested only in the mid 17th century.]

#### Derived terms

* abdicational
* nonabdication

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], →ISBN), page 2
* 1 2 3 4 5 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abdication”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 3.

### Further reading

* Abdication in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin abdicātiōnem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ab.di.ka.sjɔ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

abdication f (plural abdications)
* abdication

#### Related terms

* abdiquer

#### Descendants

* → Bulgarian: абдика́ция (abdikácija)
* → Dutch: abdicatie
** Afrikaans: abdikasie
** → Indonesian: abdikasi
*** → Malay: abdikasi

### Further reading

* “abdication”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Interlingua
### Noun

abdication (plural abdicationes)
* abdication