# surcharge
## English
### Etymology

From Middle French surcharge, from Old French. By surface analysis, sur- +‎ charge. Doublet of supercharge.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɜː(ɹ)t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)d͡ʒ/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

surcharge (plural surcharges)
* An addition of extra charge on the agreed, stated, or baseline price.
    Hyponym: upcharge
    Our airline tickets cost twenty dollars more than we expected because we had to pay a fuel surcharge.
* The part of the price of a subsidized good or service that is not covered by the subsidy and so must be paid by the consumer.
* An excessive price charged e.g. to an unsuspecting customer.
* (philately) An overprint on a stamp that alters (usually raises) the original nominal value of the stamp; used especially in times of hyperinflation.
* (art) A painting in lighter enamel over a darker one that serves as the ground.
* (law) A charge that has been omitted from an account as payment of a credit to the charged party
* (law) A penalty for failure to exercise common prudence and skill in the performance of a fiduciary's duties.
* (obsolete) An excessive load or burden.
** 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Nobility. XIIII.”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC, page 73:A Numerous Nobility, cauſet Pouerty, and Inconuenience in a State: For it is a Surcharge of Expence;
* (law, obsolete) The putting, by a commoner, of more animals on the common than he is entitled to.

#### Derived terms

* victim surcharge

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* surtax
* surcharged

### Verb

surcharge (third-person singular simple present surcharges, present participle surcharging, simple past and past participle surcharged)
* To apply a surcharge.
* To overload; to overburden.
    to surcharge an animal or a ship; to surcharge a cannon
** 1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:My heauy hart I feare will breake in twaine, Surcharged with a heauie loade of thoughts.
** 1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, Act III, page 33:Your head reclin’d, (as hiding grief from view,) / Droops, like a Roſe ſurcharg’d with morning Dew.
** 1820, [Charles Robert Maturin], Melmoth the Wanderer: A Tale. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Company, and Hurst, Robinson, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 150:The threat was soon fulfilled; the evening came on, prematurely darkened by clouds that seemed surcharged with a deluge.
** 1943 March and April, “A British Avalanche Shelter”, in Railway Magazine, page 80:The first, on January 1, 1883, was attributed to the overlay becoming surcharged with water, due to insufficient drainage, and causing a slip.
* (law) To overstock; especially, to put more cattle into (e.g. a common) than one has a right to do, or more than the herbage will sustain.
** 1768, William Blackstone, “Of Disturbance”, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book III (Of Private Wrongs), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 237:Another diſturbance of common is by ſurcharging it; or putting more cattle therein than the paſture and herbage will ſuſtain, or the party hath a right to do.
* To show an omission in (an account) for which credit ought to have been given.
** 1599, Samuel Daniel, Musophilus:The Idle multitude surcharge their laies

#### Antonyms

* discount

#### Related terms

* supercharge

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Alexander M[ansfield] Burrill (1850–1851) “SURCHARGE”, in A New Law Dictionary and Glossary: […], volume (please specify |part= or |volume=I or II), New York, N.Y.: John S. Voorhies, […], →OCLC.
* “surcharge”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/
* Homophones: surchargent, surcharges
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From sur- +‎ charge.

#### Noun

surcharge f (plural surcharges)
* overloading
* (object-oriented programming) overloading

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

surcharge
* inflection of surcharger:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “surcharge”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.