# stam
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stæm/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Verb

stam (third-person singular simple present stams, present participle stamming, simple past and past participle stammed)
* (UK, dialect, obsolete, transitive) To confound.

### Noun

stam
* (UK, dialect, obsolete) Confusion.

### Anagrams

* Mats, tams, amts, mats, TAMs, Mast, mast, MTAs, ATMs, AMTs, MATs, mast-, MAST, ASTM, MATS

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch stam, from Middle Dutch stam, from Old Dutch *stam, from Proto-West Germanic [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *stamniz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stam/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

stam (plural stamme)
* tribe

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɑm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: stam
* Rhymes: -ɑm

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch stam, from Old Dutch *stam, from Proto-West Germanic *stamni, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz.

#### Noun

stam m (plural stammen, diminutive stammetje n)
* trunk of a tree
    Synonym: boomstam
* (linguistics) stem
* tribe, clan
    Synonym: volksstam
* (biology, taxonomy) phylum
    Hypernym: rijk
    Hyponym: klasse

##### Derived terms

* boomstam
* stamhoofd
* stamhouder
* stammen
* stamvader
* volksstam

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: stam
* → Papiamentu: stam

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

stam
* inflection of stammen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

### Anagrams

* mast, tams

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse stammr.

#### Adjective

stam (masculine and feminine stam, neuter stamt, definite singular and plural stamme)
* which stutters or stammers

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

stam m (definite singular stammen, indefinite plural stammar, definite plural stammane)
* European chub (Squalius cephalus)
    Synonym: årbuk

### References

* “stam” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* mast, samt, tams

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish staffn, stampn, from Old Norse stafn. Cognate with Danish stavn.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

stam c
* a trunk (of a tree)
    Synonym: trädstam
    trädets stamthe trunk the of tree
* a stem (of a plant, more generally – see usage notes)
* a stem (central part from which things branch off, sometimes abstractly)
** (anatomy) a stem
    hjärnstammenthe brain stem
** (taxonomy) a phylum
** (linguistics) a stem
* a tribe
    en indianstaman Indian tribe
* a population (of animals, in an area (often a country))
    den svenska vargstammenthe Swedish wolf population

#### Usage notes

The intuition in Swedish is the opposite of that in English, with a stam normally being a tree trunk (while also being the general word for stem). A stem of a herbaceous (non-woody) plant is a stjälk (“stalk”), and only a stam in a more technical sense.

#### Derived terms

* hjärnstam
* stamcell
* stamtavla
* trädstam

#### See also

* inföding
* klan
* stjälk

### References

* stam in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* stam in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* stam in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* stam in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

### Anagrams

* Mats, mast, mats, samt

## West Frisian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

stam c (plural stammen, diminutive stamke)
* trunk of a tree
* stem (of a plant)
* stem (of a word)
* family, genus
* tribe, clan

#### Derived terms

* stamfaar

#### Further reading

* “stam”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011