OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# zbędny
## Polish
### Etymology

From zbyć +‎ -ny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzbɛnd.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛndnɘ
* Syllabification: zbęd‧ny

### Adjective

zbędny (comparative bardziej zbędny, superlative najbardziej zbędny, derived adverb zbędnie)
* unnecessary, superfluous
    Synonyms: niepotrzebny, zbyteczny
    Antonym: niezbędny

#### Derived terms

* zbędność

### Further reading

* zbędny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zbędny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# seřadiště
## Czech
### Etymology

From seřadit (“to sort”) +‎ -iště.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsɛr̝aɟɪʃcɛ]
* Rhymes: -ɪʃcɛ
* Hyphenation: se‧ra‧di‧š‧tě

### Noun

seřadiště n
* meeting place, marshalling area
    Synonym: shromaždiště

#### Related terms

* seřadit
* seřazení

### Further reading

* “seřadiště”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “seřadiště”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “seřadiště”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# keeping good time
## English
### Verb

keeping good time
* present participle and gerund of keep good time
# internal link
## English
### Noun

internal link (plural internal links)
* (Internet) A hyperlink that links to a target on the same website (that is, within the same domain); it may be either an interpage link or an intrapage link.
    Antonym: external link

#### See also

* interdocument
* intradocument
* intrasite
# systematizace
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsɪstɛmatɪzat͡sɛ]

### Noun

systematizace f
* systematization

#### Related terms

* systematický
* systematizovat
* systém

### Further reading

* “systematizace”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “systematizace”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# Estambul
## Portuguese
### Proper noun

Estambul f
* Dated spelling of Istambul.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /estamˈbul/ [es.t̪ãmˈbul]
* Rhymes: -ul
* Syllabification: Es‧tam‧bul

### Proper noun

Estambul ?
* Istanbul (a city and province of Turkey)

#### Related terms

* estambulí
# rozentuzjazmować
## Polish
### Etymology

From roz- +‎ entuzjazmować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɔz.ɛn.tu.zjazˈmɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: roz‧en‧tu‧zjaz‧mo‧wać

### Verb

rozentuzjazmować pf
* (transitive) to enthuse (to cause (someone) to feel enthusiasm)
* (reflexive with się) to get enthusiastic [with instrumental ‘from what’]

#### Derived terms

* rozentuzjazmowany

#### Related terms

* entuzjastyczny
* entuzjazmowany
* entuzjasta
* entuzjazm

### Further reading

* rozentuzjazmować in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* rozentuzjazmować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Phong
## English
### Proper noun

Phong (plural Phongs)
* A surname.

#### Derived terms

* Phong illumination
* Phong interpolation
* Phong lighting
* Phong reflection
* Phong shading

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Phong is the 32524th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 707 individuals. Phong is most common among Asian/Pacific Islander (93.21%) individuals.

### See also

* Fong

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [fawŋ͡m˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [fawŋ͡m˧˧] ~ [fɔŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [fawŋ͡m˧˧]
* Homophone: phong

### Proper noun

Phong
* a male given name from Chinese
# モモタマナ
## Japanese

* For pronunciation and definitions of モモタマナ – see the following entry: 桃玉名
(The following entry is uncreated: 桃玉名.)
# tapczan
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ukrainian тапча́н (tapčán), from Tatar тапчан (tapçan), from Old Turkic, from Middle Chinese 道場, a calque of Sanskrit बोधिमण्ड (bodhimaṇḍa). Doublet of dojo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtap.t͡ʂan/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -apt͡ʂan
* Syllabification: tap‧czan

### Noun

tapczan m inan (diminutive tapczanik, augmentative tapczanisko)
* couch, sofa

#### Derived terms

* tapczanowy

### Further reading

* tapczan in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* tapczan in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# etruština
## Czech
### Etymology

From etruský (“Etruscan”) +‎ -ština.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛtruʃcɪna]
* Rhymes: -ɪna
* Hyphenation: et‧ru‧š‧ti‧na

### Noun

etruština f
* Etruscan (extinct language of Etruria)

#### Related terms

* Etrurie f sg
* Etrusk m anim
* etruský

### Further reading

* “etruština”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “etruština”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “etruština” in Akademický slovník současné češtiny, 2012–2025, slovnikcestiny.cz
* “etruština”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# encapsidation
## English
### Etymology

From en- +‎ capsid +‎ -ation.

### Noun

encapsidation (uncountable)
* The enclosure of viral nucleic acid within a capsid

#### Derived terms

* heteroencapsidation
* misencapsidation
# bipolarizar
## Spanish
### Etymology

From bipolar +‎ -izar.

### Verb

bipolarizar (first-person singular present bipolarizo, first-person singular preterite bipolaricé, past participle bipolarizado)
* (transitive) to bipolarize

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* bipolarización

### Further reading

* “bipolarizar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# blinkered
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

blinkered (comparative more blinkered, superlative most blinkered)
* Wearing blinkers, that is, blinders.
* (figuratively) Having tunnel vision; unable to see what is happening around one; narrow-minded.
** 2010 August 11, Simon Tisdall, “India's blinkered policy on Kashmir”, in The Guardian‎:But Delhi's blinkered Kashmir policy since partition in 1947—ignoring UN demands for a self-determination plebiscite, rigging elections, manipulating or overthrowing elected governments, and neglecting economic development—lies at the heart of the problem, according to Barbara Crossette, writing in the Nation.
** 2012 April 26, Tasha Robinson, “Film: Reviews: The Pirates! Band Of Misfits :”, in The Onion AV Club‎:Hungry for fame and the approval of rare-animal collector Queen Victoria (Imelda Staunton), Darwin deceives the Captain and his crew into believing they can get enough booty to win the pirate competition by entering Polly in a science fair. So the pirates journey to London in cheerful, blinkered defiance of the Queen, a hotheaded schemer whose royal crest reads simply “I hate pirates.”

#### Synonyms

* blindered

#### Derived terms

* unblinkered

#### Translations
### Verb

blinkered
* simple past and past participle of blinker
# powlec
## Polish
### Etymology

From po- +‎ wlec.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɔ.vlɛt͡s/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvlɛt͡s
* Syllabification: po‧wlec

### Verb

powlec pf (imperfective wlec)
* (transitive) to drag, to haul, to lug
* (reflexive with się) to crawl, to plod

### Verb

powlec pf (imperfective powlekać)
* (transitive) to coat, to cover

#### Conjugation

or

#### Derived terms

* powleczenie

#### Related terms

* powleczka
* powlekarka

### Further reading

* powlec in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* powlec in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# lapidatio
## Latin
### Etymology

From lapidō (“I stone”) +‎ -tiō.

### Noun

lapidātiō f (genitive lapidātiōnis); third declension
* stoning

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* → English: lapidation
* → French: lapidation
* → Italian: lapidazione
* → Portuguese: lapidação
* → Spanish: lapidación

### References

* “lapidatio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “lapidatio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* lapidatio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# włosie
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvwɔ.ɕɛ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔɕɛ
* Syllabification: wło‧sie

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish włósie, from Proto-Slavic *volsьje. By surface analysis, włos +‎ -ie.

#### Noun

włosie n
* bristle (hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.)

##### Related terms

* włochaty
* włosiany
* włosowy
* owłosienie
* włos
* włosienica

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

włosie m
* locative/vocative singular of włos

### Further reading

* włosie in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* włosie in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# cytidyl
## English
### Etymology

From cytidine +‎ -yl.

### Noun

cytidyl (uncountable)
* (organic chemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical derived from cytidine

#### Derived terms

* cytidylate
* cytidyltransferase
* deoxycytidyl
# enterotomy
## English
### Etymology

From entero- +‎ -tomy.

### Noun

enterotomy (plural enterotomies)
* (surgery) incision into the intestine

#### Derived terms

* gastroenterotomy
# Beare
## English
### Proper noun

Beare (plural Beares)
* A surname.

#### Derived terms

* Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Beare is the 32710th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 702 individuals. Beare is most common among White (88.32%) individuals.

### Anagrams

* Abeer, abeer
# papyraceis
## Latin
### Adjective

papȳrāceīs
* dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of papȳrāceus
# diyl
## English
### Noun

diyl
* (chemistry) Used in descriptive names to indicate the presence of two identical substituents or functional groups attached to a central atom or structure.
** 1992, L.A. Paquette, Combining C-C ?-Bonds, page 240:Both the thermally and the photochemically initiated extrusion of nitrogen from bicyclic diazene (1) leads to the formation of a 1,3-diradical (diyl) which is structurally related to trimethylenemethane.

#### Derived terms

* pyridinediyl
# existenciální
## Czech
### Adjective

existenciální
* existential

#### Related terms

* See existence
* existencialismus
* existencialista
* existenční
* existovat

### Further reading

* “existenciální”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “existenciální”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “existenciální”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# żuraw
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *žeravъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʐu.raf/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uraf
* Syllabification: żu‧raw
* Homophones: Żóraw, Żuraw

### Noun

żuraw m animal (related adjective żurawi)
* crane (any bird of the subfamily Gruinae, especially the common crane (Grus grus))

#### Derived terms

* żurawię
* żurawina

#### Related terms

* żurawiątko

### Noun

żuraw m inan
* crane (machinery)
    Hypernym: dźwig

#### Declension
### Further reading

* żuraw in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* żuraw in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# reflektować
## Polish
### Etymology

Adapted borrowing of Latin reflectō +‎ -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɛ.flɛkˈtɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: re‧flek‧to‧wać

### Verb

reflektować impf (perfective zreflektować)
* (transitive, literary) to endeavor, to solicit
    Synonyms: starać się, ubiegać się
* (transitive, archaic) to moderate, to restrain
    Synonym: mitygować
* (reflexive with się, literary) to moderate oneself, to restrain oneself
    Synonym: mitygować się
* (reflexive with się, literary) to orient oneself, to notice
    Synonyms: orientować się, zauważać

#### Related terms

* refleks
* reflektant

### Further reading

* reflektować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# turtua
## Finnish
### Etymology

From turt +‎ -ua.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈturtuɑˣ/, [ˈt̪urt̪uɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -urtuɑ
* Hyphenation: tur‧tua

### Verb

turtua
* (intransitive) to grow numb

#### Derived terms

* turruksiin
* turruksissa
* turruttaa
* turtuminen
* turtumus

### Further reading

* “turtua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# působiště
## Czech
### Etymology

From působit (“to work”) +‎ -iště.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpuːsobɪʃcɛ]
* Rhymes: -ɪʃcɛ
* Hyphenation: past‧vi‧š‧tě

### Noun

působiště n
* place of work, place of business
* (physics) point

#### Related terms

* působit
* působivý
* působnost

### Further reading

* “působiště”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “působiště”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “působiště”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# jointly
## English
### Etymology

From joint +‎ -ly.

### Adverb

jointly (not comparable)
* Together, acting as one; collectively.
    They jointly raised the child, even though they were no longer married.
** 1960 December, Voyageur, “The Mountain Railways of the Bernese Oberland”, in Trains Illustrated, page 750:Interlaken East station is jointly owned with the standard gauge Bern-Lötschberg-Simplon Railway from Bern and Thun and the Swiss Federal Railways metre-gauge Brünig line from Lucerne, but is managed and staffed by the Bernese Oberland group.

#### Synonyms

* collectively, en masse, mutually; see also Thesaurus:jointly

#### Derived terms

* jointly and severally
# papyracea
## Latin
### Adjective

papȳrācea
* inflection of papȳrāceus:
** nominative/vocative feminine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

### Adjective

papȳrāceā
* ablative feminine singular of papȳrāceus
# räiskyä
## Finnish
### Etymology

räiskää +‎ -yä

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈræi̯skyæˣ/, [ˈræi̯s̠k̟yæ(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -æiskyæ
* Hyphenation: räis‧kyä

### Verb

räiskyä (intransitive)
* to splatter
* to crackle

#### Derived terms

* räiskyntä
* räiskynä
* räiskyttää
* räiskyvä
* räiskähtää

### Further reading

* “räiskyä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* räyskiä, äyskäri
# bumbo
## English
### Alternative forms

* bombo, bumboo

### Etymology

Perhaps from Italian (baby-talk) bombo (“drink”), of imitative origin.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌmbəʊ

### Noun

bumbo (uncountable)
* A drink made from rum, water, sugar, and nutmeg.

### References

* ↑ “bumbo”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

### Anagrams

* U-bomb

## Jamaican Creole
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbʌmbʌ/

### Noun

bumbo (plural bumbo dem, quantified bumbo)
* vagina

#### Derived terms

* bomboclaat

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbũ.bu/

### Noun

bumbo m (plural bumbos)
* bass drum (large drum with a low pitch)
* drum set (collection of different drums to be played together)
# akatolik
## Polish
### Etymology

From a- +‎ katolik. First attested in 1722.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.kaˈtɔ.lik/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔlik
* Syllabification: a‧ka‧to‧lik

### Noun

akatolik m pers
* (dated, religion) acatholic person
    Synonym: niekatolik
    Antonym: katolik

#### Derived terms

* akatolicki

#### Related terms

* antykatolicki
* katolicki
* niekatolicki
* antykatolicyzm
* antykatolik
* katolickość
* katolictwo
* katolicyzacja
* katolicyzm
* katoliczka
* katolik
* katolikos
* niekatolik

### References

* ↑ Aleksy Koralewicz (1722) Additament do Kronik Braci Mnieyszych S. Franciszka albo Genealogia Reformy do Krolestwa Polskiego : za konsensem Stolice Apostolskiey wprowadzoney, y Erekcyą dwuch Prowincyi Mało-y Wielkopolskiey, utwierdzoney‎, page 35
* ↑ Teresa Sokołowska (22.11.2019) “AKATOLIK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
* ↑ akatolik in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

### Further reading

* akatolik in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# protoplazma
## Czech
### Alternative forms

* protoplasma

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈprotoplazma]

### Noun

protoplazma f
* (cytology) protoplasm

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “protoplazma”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “protoplazma”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “protoplazma”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English protoplasm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /prɔ.tɔˈplaz.ma/
* Rhymes: -azma
* Syllabification: pro‧to‧plaz‧ma

### Noun

protoplazma f (related adjective protoplazmatyczny)
* (cytology) protoplasm (entire contents of a cell comprising the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is a semi-fluid, transparent substance which is the living matter of plant and animal cells)
    Synonym: zaródź

#### Related terms

* protoplazmatyka

### Further reading

* protoplazma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* protoplazma in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* protoplazma in PWN's encyclopedia
# itaaoba
## Old Tupi
### Etymology

From itá (“metal”) +‎ aoba (“clothes”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [iˌta.aˈɔ.β̞a]
* Rhymes: -ɔβa
* Hyphenation: i‧tá‧a‧o‧ba

### Noun

itaaoba (possessable)
* (Late Tupi, hapax) body armor
    Coordinate terms: amynyîuaoba, amynyîuaopoanama

#### Derived terms

* *itaaob
* itaaoba monhangara

### References

* ↑ Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “itaaoba”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 192, column 1
* anonymous author (1622) “Armas brancas deffenciuas”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 41: “Itaaoba.”
# o poste mijando no cachorro
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* é o poste mijando no cachorro

### Etymology

Literally, “the lamppost peeing on the dog”.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /u ˈpɔs.t͡ʃi miˈʒɐ̃.du nu kaˈʃo.ʁu/ [u ˈpɔs.t͡ʃi miˈʒɐ̃.du nu kaˈʃo.hu]
* (Brazil) IPA: /u ˈpɔs.t͡ʃi miˈʒɐ̃.du nu kaˈʃo.ʁu/ [u ˈpɔs.t͡ʃi miˈʒɐ̃.du nu kaˈʃo.hu]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /u ˈpɔʃ.t͡ʃi miˈʒɐ̃.du nu kaˈʃo.ʁu/ [u ˈpɔʃ.t͡ʃi miˈʒɐ̃.du nu kaˈʃo.χu]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /o ˈpɔs.te miˈʒɐ̃.do no kaˈʃo.ʁo/ [o ˈpɔs.te miˈʒɐ̃.do no kaˈʃo.ho]

### Phrase

o poste mijando no cachorro
* (idiomatic, Brazil, colloquial) describes a situation where the normal or natural order of things is reversed
# zaimponować
## Polish
### Etymology

From za- +‎ imponować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /za.im.pɔˈnɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: za‧im‧po‧no‧wać

### Verb

zaimponować pf (imperfective imponować)
* (intransitive) to impress (to affect someone favourably)

#### Related terms

* imponujący
* imponująco

### Further reading

* zaimponować in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zaimponować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# старый
## Carpathian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic старъ (starŭ), from Proto-Slavic *starъ.

### Adjective

стары́й • (starŷ́j)
* old

## Russian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic старъ (starŭ), from Proto-Slavic *starъ.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [ˈstarɨj]

### Adjective

ста́рый • (stáryj) (comparative (по)старе́е or (по)старе́й or (по)ста́рше, superlative са́мый ста́рый, diminutive ста́ренький)
* old
    Antonyms: (new) но́вый (nóvyj), (young) молодо́й (molodój)
* ancient, antique
    Synonym: (dated word) ве́тхий (vétxij)
* olden

#### Usage notes

* The end-stressed short neuter form старо́ (staró) is used with the meaning "long-known" (of news, information, etc.), and in the expression э́то старо́ как мир (éto staró kak mir, “it's as old as the world”); otherwise, the stem-stressed form ста́ро (stáro) is preferred.
Comparatives (по)ста́рше and (по)старе́е:
* The comparative forms ста́рше (stárše) or поста́рше (postárše) are used for comparing age or rank, e.g.
    Ма́льчик ста́рше де́вочки на два го́да. ― Málʹčik stárše dévočki na dva góda. ― The boy is older than the girl by two years. The forms старе́е (staréje) or постаре́е (postaréje) are used when both objects of comparison are "old", e.g.
    Стари́к стано́вится всё старе́е и старе́е. ― Starík stanóvitsja vsjo staréje i staréje. ― The old man is getting older and older.
* Some sources claim that ста́рше (stárše) or поста́рше (postárše) are only comparatives of ста́рший (stáršij, “elder”), which is itself originally an adjectival comparative of ста́рый (stáryj).

#### Derived terms

* Ста́рое n inan (Stároje)
* Ста́рый m inan (Stáryj)
* Ста́рый Оско́л m inan (Stáryj Oskól)

#### Related terms

* встарь (vstarʹ)
* исстари (isstari)
* старейшина (starejšina)
* старе́ть (starétʹ)
* ста́рец (stárec)
* стари́к (starík)
* старина́ (stariná)
* стари́нный (starínnyj)
* старинство (starinstvo)
* ста́рить (stáritʹ)
* ста́рица (stárica)
* старожи́л (starožíl)
* старомо́дный (staromódnyj)
* ста́роста (stárosta)
* ста́рость (stárostʹ)
* старпёр (starpjór)
* стару́ха (starúxa)
* ста́рческий (stárčeskij)
* ста́рший (stáršij)
* старшина́ (staršiná)
* старьё (starʹjó)

### References

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “старый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
* Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “старый”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 199
# alembication
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin alembicatio, from Latin alembīcum.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

alembication (countable and uncountable, plural alembications) (literary, rare)
* The act of making something more refined or pure; distillation.
* Excessively refined or pretentious language.

#### Related terms

* alembic
* alembicated

### References

* “alembication”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* “alembication, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
# desventaja
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /desbenˈtaxa/ [d̪ez.β̞ẽn̪ˈt̪a.xa]
* Rhymes: -axa
* Syllabification: des‧ven‧ta‧ja

### Etymology 1

From des- +‎ ventaja.

#### Noun

desventaja f (plural desventajas)
* disadvantage, drawback, downside, weakness
    Synonyms: inconveniente, punto débil

##### Derived terms

* desventajoso
** desventajosamente
* desventajar

##### Related terms

* desventajado

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

desventaja
* inflection of desventajar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

##### Descendants

* → Tagalog: desbentaha

### Further reading

* “desventaja”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# convertibility
## English
### Noun

convertibility (uncountable)
* The quality of being convertible
* The quality of a currency of being exchangeable for gold or other currencies
** 2023 March 30, Federico Rivas Molina, “Javier Milei, the unclassifiable Argentine politician”, in El País:When it comes to Argentina, [Javier Milei's] model is the 1990s, when the convertibility plan established by President Carlos Menem pegged the peso to the dollar and completely ended hyperinflation.

#### Derived terms

* interconvertibility
* photoconvertibility