# thud
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English thudden (“to strike with a weapon”), from Old English þyddan (“to strike, press, thrust”), from Proto-Germanic *þuddijaną, *þiudijaną (“to strike, thrust”), from Proto-Germanic *þūhaną, *þeuhaną (“to press”), from Proto-Indo-European *tūk- (“to beat”). Cognate with Old English þoddettan (“to strike, push, batter”), Old English þȳdan (“to strike, stab, thrust, press”), Old English þēowan (“to press”), Albanian thundër (“a hoof, talon, a shaft", figuratively, "oppression, torment”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)
* IPA: /ˈθʌd/, enPR: thŭd'
* Rhymes: -ʌd

### Noun

thud (plural thuds)
* The sound of a dull impact.
** 1898, J. Meade Falkner, chapter 3, in Moonfleet (fiction), London: Edward Arnold:These were but the thoughts of a second, but the voices were nearer, and I heard a dull thud far up the passage, and knew that a man had jumped down from the churchyard into the hole.
** 2018 May 26, Daniel Taylor, “Liverpool go through after Mohamed Salah stops Manchester City fightback”, in The Guardian‎, London, →OCLC, archived from the original on 27 May 2018:Ramos had locked Salah’s right arm and turned him, judo-style, as they lost balance going for the same ball. Television replays hardened the suspicion it was a calculated move on Ramos’s part and, when Salah landed with a hell of a thud, the damage was considerable.
* A hard, dull impact.
** 1995 January 26, Mary Ann Swissler, “Fremont Man Recovering from Livermore Pass Attack”, in Bay Area Reporter‎, volume XXV, number 4, San Fransico, page 18:Sinclair told the B.A.R. [Bay Area Reporter] he felt the thud of the pistol on his left cheek about a 100 feet from his car, […]
* (BDSM) A slower, dull impact with a wide surface area.
** 1992, Jay J. Wiseman, SM 101: A Realistic Introduction‎, 2nd edition, San Francisco: Greenery Press, published 1996, →ISBN, page 181:Pillowcase whippings offer the look and feel of a flagellatio scene’s atmosphere, mood, and psychology while involving only very mild amounts of pain. (A pillowcase is almost all “thud” and very little “sting” in the sensations it creates.)
** 2013, Sophie Morgan, No Ordinary Love Story‎, London: Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 294:It still wasn’t what I’d call painful but as he swung his arm and the strands of the flogger hit me together it felt like a solid thud rather than a number of different tails stinging me.

#### Coordinate terms

* (BDSM): sting, thump

#### Derived terms

* thud and blunder

#### Translations
### Verb

thud (third-person singular simple present thuds, present participle thudding, simple past and past participle thudded)
* (intransitive) To make the sound of a dull impact.
** 1849, George Frederick Ruxton, Life in the Far West (non-fiction), New York: Harper & Brothers, page 183:At the same instant two arrows thudded into the carcass of the deer over which he knelt, passing but a few inches from his head.
** 1874, Mrs George Cupples, “Mrs Glen and the Aberfoyle Orphanage”, in The Poetical Remains of William Glen, Edinburgh: William Paterson, page 47:[…] while the tears streamed from his eyes, and his tail waved and thudded in perfect time on the sanded floor. But for the said thudding of the tail, I would have stopped, fancying the poor animal's nerves had been set on edge.

#### Synonyms

* (a dull sound, to make a dull sound): flump, plunk

#### Coordinate terms

* clang, clash, crash

#### Translations
## Middle Scots
### Pronunciation

* (Early Scots) IPA: [ˈθuːd]
* (Early Middle Scots) IPA: [ˈθuːd]
* (Late Middle Scots) IPA: [ˈθu(ː)d]

### Etymology 1

Uncertain. Perhaps Onomatopoeic (compare etymology 2).

#### Noun

thud
* a blast or gust of wind
** a whirling motion accompanied by a loud noise, like a gust of wind
** a loud report or crack
*** 1420, Androw of Wyntoun, The Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland‎:A sudane thud [R. thude] maid sic a frusch That all the wyndois at a brusche … Brak vp(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* a blow, thump

### Etymology 2

Perhaps Onomatopoeic. Perhaps related to Middle English þudde.

#### Verb

thud
* to come or pass with a gust of turbulence and accompanying dull noise
** 1590, Burel, J. Pilgr., The Passage of the Pilgremer‎:The borial blasts … Not caldly, bot baldlie, They thudit throw the treis(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### Further reading

* “thud”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

## Romani
### Alternative forms

* tood

### Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (duddha), from Sanskrit दुग्ध (dugdhá, “milk”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dugdʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰugdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugʰ-tós, from *dʰewgʰ- (“to be productive”). Compare Hindi दूध (dūdh, “milk”) and Punjabi ਦੁੱਧ (duddha, “milk”).

### Noun

thud m (nominative plural thuda)
* milk

### References

* 1 2 Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dugdhá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 366
* 1 2 Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “thud”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 289a
* 1 2 Goto, Toshifumi (2013) Old Indo-Aryan Morphology and its Indo-Iranian Background (Veroffentlichungen zur Iranistik; 60)‎, Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, →ISBN, § 3.8.3. verbal adjectives, page 139

### Further reading

* Yaron Matras (2002) “Historical and linguistic origins”, in Romani: A Linguistic Introduction‎, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 39
* Marcel Courthiade (2009) “o thud, -es- m. -a, -en-”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 364b
* Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “thud, ~a”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 156

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /θɨːd/
* (South Wales) IPA: /θiːd/

### Noun

thud
* Aspirate mutation of tud.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.