# 郜

| 郜 | U+90DC, &#37084; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-90DC |
| ← 郛 [U+90DB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 郝 → [U+90DD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

郜 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹口弓中 (HRNL), four-corner 2762$_7$, composition ⿰告阝)
* name of fief in Shantong bestowed on the eldest son of Wen Wang

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1271, character 36
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39429
* Dae Jaweon: page 1770, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3774, character 6
* Unihan data for U+90DC

## Chinese

* 郜國

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 造 | *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ |
| 慥 | *skʰuːɡs |
| 艁 | *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ |
| 糙 | *skʰuːɡs |
| 告 | *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ |
| 誥 | *kuːɡs |
| 郜 | *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ |
| 祰 | *kʰuːʔ, *kuːɡ |
| 靠 | *kʰuːɡs |
| 浩 | *ɡuːʔ, *kuːb |
| 晧 | *ɡuːʔ |
| 皓 | *ɡuːʔ |
| 窖 | *kruːɡs |
| 簉 | *skʰruɡs |
| 梏 | *kruːɡ, *kuːɡ |
| 硞 | *kʰruːɡ, *kʰuːɡ |
| 牿 | *kuːɡ |
| 鵠 | *kuːɡ, *ɡuːɡ |
| 酷 | *kʰuːɡ |
| 焅 | *kʰuːɡ |
| 嚳 | *kʰuːɡ |
| 頶 | *ɡuːɡ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gào (gao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gou$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gó̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): korh$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khò / khok
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gào
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gào
*** Wade–Giles: kao$^4$
*** Yale: gàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaw
*** Palladius: гао (gao)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gou$^3$
*** Yale: gou
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gou$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kou̯³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gó̤
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: korh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɒʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: korh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɒʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò / khok
*** Tâi-lô: khò / khok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoix, qog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰo²¹/, /kʰɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰo⁴¹/, /kʰɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰo²¹/, /kʰɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰo¹¹/, /kʰɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ²¹/, /kʰɔk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: kawH, kowk
Rime :
| Character | 郜 | 郜 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 沃 (6) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 古到切 | 古沃切 |
| Baxter | kawH | kowk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑu$^H$/ | /kuok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑu$^H$/ | /kuok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑu$^H$/ | /kok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaw$^H$/ | /kawk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑu$^H$/ | /kok̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑu$^H$/ | /kuok̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɑu$^H$/ | /kuok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gào | gu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gou$^3$ | guk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤuk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kuːɡs/, /*kuːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 郜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gào |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kowk › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁuk/ |
| English | (place name) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 郜 | 郜 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 3807 | 3821 |
| Phonetic component | 告 | 告 |
| Rime group | 奧 | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 誥 | 梏 |
| Old Chinese | /*kuːɡs/ | /*kuːɡ/ |

### Definitions

郜
* (historical) Gao (an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty)
* a surname

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “郜”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 74.
* William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, pages 400, 407.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): こう (kō)、こく (koku)

## Korean
### Hanja

郜 • (go) (hangeul 고)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.