# jwtj
## Egyptian
### Etymology

From jwt (negation particle) +‎ -j (nisba ending). The noun jwtj is in turn simply a nominalized use of the adjective jwtj.

### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /iuːti/
** Conventional anglicization: iuti

### Adjective

* the negative relative adjective — allows a clause to serve as a negated relative clause, usually with an adverbial or verbal predicate [chiefly Old Egyptian]
** (introducing a direct relative clause, with jwtj serving in place of a subject) which is not, who is not, not being
** (introducing an indirect relative clause, with a later resumptive pronoun) such that it is not the case that, for which it is not the case that
** (introducing a noun phrase with suffix pronoun) which has no, who has no, not having, without

#### Usage notes

When jwtj introduces an indirect relative clause with a pronominal subject, the subject generally takes the form of a suffix pronoun attached to jwtj. However, clauses with a first-person singular subject instead use the dependent pronoun wj, and those with a third-person subject sometimes use the dependent pronoun st. Other subjects can rarely also appear in dependent-pronoun form.
Properly speaking, the usage of jwtj with a noun phrase also introduces an indirect relative clause; it constitutes the relative counterpart of a negated existential clause with nn.
Analogously to jw, jwtj asserts that the statement in the clause is false at the time of the statement, marking it as modally realis.

#### Alternative forms

| jwtj | jwtw | jwtw | jwt |
| jwtj | jwtj | jwt | jwtw | jwt | ꜣtj | jꜣtj |
| [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] |

#### Antonyms

* ntj

#### Descendants

* Demotic: jwṱ
** Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲧ- (at-)
** Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲧ- (at-), ⲁⲑ- (ath-)
** Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲧ- (at-)
** Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲁⲧ- (at-)
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲧ- (at-), ⲁⲧⲉ- (ate-)

### Noun

m
* (introducing a direct relative clause) he who is not, one who is not, that which is not
* (introducing an indirect relative clause, with a later resumptive pronoun) he for whom it is not the case that, one for whom it is not the case that, that for which it is not the case that
    ― jwtj ḫsf.f ― one who cannot be warded off
* (introducing a noun phrase with suffix pronoun) he who doesn’t have, one not having, one without
    ― jwtj snnw.f ― one without equal
    ― jwtj wn.f ― one without a fault
    ― jwtj ḫt.f ― dispossessed person (literally, “one without a thing/possession of his”)
* (without a following relative clause or noun phrase) he who doesn’t exist, one who doesn’t exist, that which doesn’t exist

#### Usage notes

See under the adjective above.

#### Inflection

See under the adjective above.

#### Alternative forms

See under the adjective above.

#### Antonyms

* ntj

#### Derived terms

* jwtj.f
* jwtjw
* jwtj-n.f
* jwtj-sw
* ntt jwtt

### References

* “jw.tj (lemma ID 22030)”, “jw.tj (lemma ID 23140)”, and “jw.tj (lemma ID 856668)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 138–139, 173, 242, 378–379, 409, 415.
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 46.1–46.10
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 14