OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# oposición
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* oposiçom, oposição (reintegrationist)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin oppositiōnem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔposiˈθjoŋ/ [ɔ.po.s̺iˈθjoŋ]
* IPA: (standard) /ɔposiˈθjoŋ/ [ɔ.po.s̺iˈθjoŋ]
* IPA: (seseo) /ɔposiˈsjoŋ/ [ɔ.po.siˈsjoŋ]
* Rhymes: -oŋ
* Hyphenation: o‧po‧si‧ción

### Noun

oposición f (plural oposicións)
* opposition

### Further reading

* “oposición”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin oppositiōnem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /oposiˈθjon/ [o.po.siˈθjõn]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /oposiˈsjon/ [o.po.siˈsjõn]
* Rhymes: -on
* Syllabification: o‧po‧si‧ción

### Noun

oposición f (plural oposiciones)
* opposition
* (Spain, often in the plural) a civil service entrance examination
    Synonym: opos

#### Derived terms

* en oposición a
* opositor

#### Related terms

* opositar

### Further reading

* “oposición”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# bity
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɪtɪ]

### Participle

bity
* inflection of bít:
** inanimate masculine plural passive participle
** feminine plural passive participle

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bitъ. By surface analysis, bić +‎ -ty.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbi.tɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -itɘ
* Syllabification: bi‧ty

### Adjective

bity (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* whole, entire
    Synonyms: dobry, pełny, cały
    bita godzina ― a whole hour
* beaten (repeatedly struck, or formed or flattened by blows)
    bity trakt/bita droga ― a beaten path/road

### Participle

bity (passive adjectival)
* passive adjectival participle of bić
    bita śmietana ― whipped cream

#### Derived terms

* nie w ciemię bity
* bita śmietana

### Further reading

* bity in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* bity in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# cannibal
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish caníbal, from Taíno caniba, the Taíno form recorded by Christopher Columbus for the Caribs, who were greatly feared. From an Arawakan language, probably Taíno, and ultimately from Proto-Cariban *karipona (“person”). Doublet of Carib, caribe, Garifuna, Carijona, Kari'na, and Caribbean.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkænɪbəl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ænɪbəl

### Noun

cannibal (plural cannibals)
* An organism which eats others of its own species or kind, especially a human who eats human flesh.
** 1845, Journal of Researches Into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries Visited During the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the World, page 204:These insects were not uncommon beneath stones. I found one cannibal scorpion quietly devouring another.
** 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:Up the cave I went, and after me came the others, and after them thundered the whole crowd of cannibals, mad with fury at the death of the woman.
** 1908, James William Tutt, A natural history of the British Lepidoptera: a text-book for students and collectors, page 65:[...] that the larvae of Thecla calanus is a cannibal, eating its weaker brethren when short of food.
** 1995, Kathleen O'Neal Gear, W. Michael Gear, People of the Lakes, Macmillan, →ISBN:His expression slack, Green Spider methodically pried out another clod and swallowed it. “I'm a cannibal. Eating the Earth Mother. Chewing the flesh from her bones. Cannibal ... cannibal ... cannibal!” Otter tried to shake off his discomfort, ...

#### Synonyms

* man-eater
* anthropophagus

#### Derived terms

* cannibalic
* cannibalise
* cannibalish
* cannibalism
* cannibalistic
* cannibality
* cannibalization
* cannibally
* cannibal sandwich
* endocannibal
* exocannibal
* missionaries and cannibals problem
* noncannibal
# czapli
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʂa.pli/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Rhymes: -apli
* Syllabification: cza‧pli
* Homophone: Czapli

### Etymology 1

From czapla +‎ -i.

#### Adjective

czapli (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational) heron (any bird of the family Ardeidae)

##### Related terms

* czaplowy
* czapelka
* czapla
* czaplątko
* czapliniec
* czaplowate

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

czapli f
* inflection of czapla:
** genitive/dative/locative singular
** genitive plural

### Further reading

* czapli in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* czapli in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# thakurate
## English
### Etymology

From thakur +‎ -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, the concrete charge of it).

### Noun

thakurate (plural thakurates)
* (historical) The territory of a thakur.
# rehilar
## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *refilare, which is derived from Latin fīlum (“thread”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /reiˈlaɾ/ [rei̯ˈlaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: rehi‧lar

### Verb

rehilar (first-person singular present rehílo, first-person singular preterite rehilé, past participle rehilado)
* (transitive) to twist hard; to spin too much
** 2015, Miguel Ángel Cañedo Fernández, Manejo y mantenimiento de equipos de recolección de productos agrarios, 5th edition, page 73:Los filamentos sintéticos plásticos que se presentan de forma continua, son cortados previamente por una máquina cortadora para asimilarlos a las fibras naturales. Muchas veces se rehílan en máquinas de hilado de algodón o lana para eliminar el aspecto vítreo y brillante de las telas sintéticas.Plastic synthetic filaments that appear in continuous form are previously cut by a cutting machine to make them resemble natural fibers. Often they are twisted hard in cotton- or wool-spinning machines to remove the glassy and shiny appearance of synthetic fabrics.
* (intransitive) to quiver, to tremble
    Synonym: temblar
** 2011, Luis Miguel González, La agonía de la serpiente, →ISBN, page 182:—Un café sería lo más apropiado para mis nervios— contestó David que mostraba a su amigo cómo le rehilaban las manos —; mejor dame un chatito de vino."A coffee would be the most appropriate thing for my nerves," answered David, who showed his friend how his hands trembled. "Even better, give me a little tumbler of wine."
* (transitive, phonetics) to pronounce some consonants as a postalveolar fricative (as either voiced /ʒ/ or voiceless /ʃ/)
** 2015 [1988], José G. Moreno de Alba, El español en América, →ISBN:De conformidad con Argüello (1987: 663), en Ecuador se conserva la /ll/ en el nororiente y en el sur; en la Sierra se sonoriza y se rehíla; hay yeísmo en la costa.As per Argüello (1987: 663), in Ecuador, /ll/ is preserved in the northeast and in the south; in the Sierra it is voiced and pronounced as a postalveolar fricative; there is yeísmo on the coast.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* rehilamiento
* rehilante
* rehilero
* rehilete
* rehílo
* rilar

#### Related terms

* hilar

### References

* ↑ “rehilar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Further reading

* “rehilar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# treść
## Old Polish
### Alternative forms

* trześć

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *trъstь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /trɛɕt͡ɕ/
* IPA: (15th CE) /trɛɕt͡ɕ/

### Noun

treść f
* common reed (Phragmites australis)
** 1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2‎, number 110:Trescz arundo[Treść arundo]
** 1930 [c. 1455], “III Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎, 14, 15:Pobyge pan bog dom israhelski, iako syø rusza trescz (arundo) w wodze[Pobije Pan Bog dom israhelski, jako się rusza treść (arundo) w wodzie]
* (attested in Lesser Poland) reed (object for various purposes made of a reed stalk or one of which it is a part)
** 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 44, 2:Iøzik moy trescz pisarzowa (calamus scribae) richlo piszøczego[Język moj treść pisarzowa (calamus scribae) rychło piszącego]
** (attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca) pipe
*** 1874-1891 [1466], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności‎, volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 19:Quasi de canna, gl. de fistula sz trzczy, tum sibilat invida sanna gwyszdze ganyepnym podrzesznanym[Quasi de canna, gl. de fistula z trzci, tum sibilat invida sanna gwiżdże ganiebnym podrzeźnianim]
** device for giving enemas
*** 1900 [c. 1500], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2‎, number 2114:Azarcha sicawka al. trescz[Azarcha sikawka al. treść]

#### Derived terms

* bobrowa treść
* treść morska
* trześć miodowa

#### Descendants

* Polish: treść

### References

* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “treść”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish treść.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtrɛɕt͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛɕt͡ɕ
* Syllabification: treść

### Noun

treść f
* content
* matter

#### Derived terms

* beztreściowy
* beztreściwy
* treściowy
* treściwy
* beztreściwie
* streszczać
* streścić

### Further reading

* treść in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* treść in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# gruboziarnisty
## Polish
### Etymology

From gruby +‎ -o- +‎ ziarno +‎ -isty.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡru.bɔ.ʑarˈɲis.tɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -istɘ
* Syllabification: gru‧bo‧ziar‧nis‧ty

### Adjective

gruboziarnisty (comparative bardziej gruboziarnisty, superlative najbardziej gruboziarnisty, no derived adverb)
* coarse, coarse-grained
    Coordinate term: drobnoziarnisty

#### Related terms

* gruboziarnistość

### Further reading

* gruboziarnisty in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* gruboziarnisty in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# ramadanowy
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* ramazanowy

### Etymology

From ramadan +‎ -owy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ra.ma.daˈnɔ.vɘ/
* Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
* Syllabification: ra‧ma‧da‧no‧wy

### Adjective

ramadanowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (Islam, relational) Ramadan (holy ninth month of Islamic lunar calendar)
* (Islam, relational) Ramadan fasting

#### Related terms

* ramadan

### Further reading

* ramadanowy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# ဂိုး
## Burmese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English goal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡó/
* Romanization: MLCTS: gui: • ALA-LC: guiʺ • BGN/PCGN: go: • Okell: goù

### Noun

ဂိုး • (gui:)
* goal, goalpost (in football, hockey, etc.)
* goal (number of points scored in a game like football by putting the ball into the goalpost)

#### Derived terms

* ဂိုးစည်း (gui:cany:)
* ဂိုးစောင့် (gui:caung.)
* ဂိုးတိုင် (gui:tuing)
* ဂိုးပေါက် (gui:pauk)
* ဂိုးသမား (gui:sa.ma:)
* ဂိုးသွင်း (gui:swang:)

### Further reading

* “ဂိုး” in Myanmar–English Dictionary (Myanmar Language Commission 1993). Searchable online at SEAlang.net.
# chastity
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English chastite, from Old French chasteté, a semi-learned adaptation of Latin castitas, equivalent to chaste +‎ -ity.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃastɪti/
* (US) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃæstɪti/, [ˈt͡ʃæstɪɾi]
* (obsolete) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃeɪstɪti/
* Audio (Canada):(file)

### Noun

chastity (countable and uncountable, plural chastities)
* The quality of being chaste: the state of abstaining from any sexual activity considered immoral; avoidance of sexual sins.
** 2010, The Guardian, Celibacy: whose bright idea was that?, 29 May 2010
    In Catholic doctrine, the virtue of chastity is taken to be the principal foil to everyone's favourite deadly sin, lust.

#### Synonyms

* chasteness

#### Antonyms

* inchastity, unchastity
* incontinence, incontinency
* lust
* promiscuity

#### Hyponyms

* celibacy

#### Derived terms

* Chastity
* chastity belt
* chastity cage
* chastity ring
* nonchastity

#### Related terms

* chaste

#### Translations
### References

* “chastity”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* yachtist
# steganography
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek στεγανός (steganós, “cover, roof”) +‎ -graphy.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˌstɛɡ.ənˈɒɡ.ɹə.fi/
* (US) IPA: /ˌstɛ.ɡəˈnɔ.ɡɹə.fi/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

steganography (uncountable)
* The practice of hiding messages, so that the presence of the message itself is hidden, often by writing them in places where they may not be found until someone finds the secret message in whatever is being used to hide it.
* Specifically: the use of small computer files to communicate secret information.

#### Usage notes

Steganography differs from cryptography in that cryptography conceals only the content of the message through encryption. Steganography conceals the presence of the message itself.

#### Related terms

* steganalyst
* steganographic
* steganographer
* steganogram
* steganophony
* (biology) steganopod

#### See also

* cryptography
# desacuerdo
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /desaˈkweɾdo/ [d̪e.saˈkweɾ.ð̞o]
* Rhymes: -eɾdo
* Syllabification: de‧sa‧cuer‧do

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from desacordar. Cognate with English disaccord.

#### Noun

desacuerdo m (plural desacuerdos)
* disagreement
    Synonym: desavenencia

##### Related terms

* acordar
* acuerdo
* desacordar

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

desacuerdo
* first-person singular present indicative of desacordar

### Further reading

* “desacuerdo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# encomio
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /enˈkɔ.mjo/
* Rhymes: -ɔmjo
* Hyphenation: en‧cò‧mio

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin encōmium, borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐγκώμιον (enkṓmion), neuter form of ἐγκώμιος (enkṓmios), from ἐν (en, “in”) + κῶμος (kômos, “festival, revel”).

#### Noun

encomio m (plural encomi)
* commendation, praise

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

encomio
* first-person singular present indicative of encomiare

### Further reading

* encomio in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* economi, meconio

## Latin
### Noun

encōmiō
* dative/ablative singular of encōmium

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /enˈkomjo/ [ẽŋˈko.mjo]
* Rhymes: -omjo
* Syllabification: en‧co‧mio

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin encōmium, from Ancient Greek ἐγκώμιον (enkṓmion), neuter form of ἐγκώμιος (enkṓmios), from ἐν (en, “in”) + κῶμος (kômos, “festival, revel”).

#### Noun

encomio m (plural encomios)
* encomium
* praise, commendation
    Synonym: elogio

##### Derived terms

* encomiar

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

encomio
* first-person singular present indicative of encomiar

### Further reading

* “encomio”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# abecadłowy
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* obiecadłowy (obsolete)

### Etymology

From abecadło +‎ -owy. First attested in 1594.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.bɛ.t͡saˈdwɔ.vɘ/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ɒ.bɛ.t͡saˈdɫɔ.vɨ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
* Syllabification: a‧be‧ca‧dło‧wy

### Adjective

abecadłowy (not comparable, derived adverb abecadłowo)
* (relational) alphabetical (of or relating to alphabets)
    Synonyms: (dated) alfabetowy, alfabetyczny
* alphabetical (organized based on alphabetical order)
    Synonyms: (dated) alfabetowy, alfabetyczny
    abecadłowy porządek/rząd (Middle Polish) ― alphabetical order
* (Middle Polish) elementary, basic
    Synonyms: elementarny, podstawowy

#### Derived terms

* abecadłowość

#### Related terms

* abecadlny
* abecadlarz
* abecadlnik
* abecadło
* abecedariusz

### References

* ↑ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “obiecadłowy”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

### Further reading

* abecadłowy in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* abecadłowy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Marek Kunicki-Goldfinger (11.01.2023) “*ABECADŁOWY, *ABECADŁOWY, OBIECADŁOWY”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “abecadłowy”, in Słownik języka polskiego, volume 1, page 3
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “abecadłowy”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “abecadłowy”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 2
# inhalovat
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɪnɦalovat]

### Verb

inhalovat impf
* to inhale

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | inhalovat, inhalovati | Active adjective | inhalující |
| Verbal noun | inhalování | Passive adjective | inhalovaný |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | inhaluji, inhaluju (coll.) | inhalujeme | — | inhalujme |
| 2nd person | inhaluješ | inhalujete | inhaluj | inhalujte |
| 3rd person | inhaluje | inhalují, inhalujou (coll.) | — | — |
* The future tense: a combination of a future form of být + infinitive inhalovat.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | inhaloval | inhalovali | inhalován | inhalováni |
| masculine inanimate | inhaloval | inhalovaly | inhalován | inhalovány |
| feminine | inhalovala | inhalovaly | inhalována | inhalovány |
| neuter | inhalovalo | inhalovala | inhalováno | inhalována |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | inhaluje | — |
| feminine + neuter singular | inhalujíc | — |
| plural | inhalujíce | — |

#### Related terms

* inhalace

### Further reading

* “inhalovati”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “inhalovati”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “inhalovat”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# dakloos
## Dutch
### Etymology

From dak (“roof”) +‎ -loos (“-less”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɑk.loːs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: dak‧loos

### Adjective

dakloos (comparative daklozer, superlative meest dakloos or dakloost)
* homeless
    Synonym: thuisloos

#### Derived terms

* dakloosheid
* dakloze
* economisch dakloos

#### Descendants

* → Papiamentu: daklos
# przeintelektualizować
## Polish
### Etymology

From prze- +‎ intelektualizować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʂɛ.in.tɛ.lɛk.tu.a.liˈzɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: prze‧in‧te‧lek‧tu‧a‧li‧zo‧wać

### Verb

przeintelektualizować pf
* (transitive) to overintellectualize
    Coordinate terms: odintelektualizować, zintelektualizować

#### Derived terms

* przeintelektualizowanie

#### Related terms

* intelektualistyczny
* intelektualny
* intelekt
* intelektualista
* intelektualizacja
* intelektualizm

### Further reading

* przeintelektualizować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* przeintelektualizować in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
# 愛しい
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 愛
* いと Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
/itoːɕiː/ → /itoɕiː/
Sound shift from 愛(いと)おしい (itooshii), in turn derived from verb 厭う (itou, “to detest, to loathe, to hate”), from an underlying idea of causing mental anguish. The sense developed from the way that missing someone or something can cause mental anguish, an ameliorative semantic shift giving rise to the modern meaning of dear.
First attested in a text from 1518.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いとしい [ìtóshíꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [ito̞ɕii]

#### Adjective

愛(いと)しい • (itoshii) -i (adverbial 愛(いと)しく (itoshiku))
* [from 1518] dear, loveful, precious
    Synonyms: かわいい (kawaii), 慕わしい (shitawashii)
    Antonym: 憎い (nikui)
* [from late 1500s] pitiable, regrettable
    Synonyms: かわいそう (kawaisō), 労しい (itawashii), 不憫 (fubin)

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 愛しかろ | いとしかろ | itoshikaro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 愛しく | いとしく | itoshiku |
| Terminal (終止形) | 愛しい | いとしい | itoshii |
| Attributive (連体形) | 愛しい | いとしい | itoshii |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 愛しけれ | いとしけれ | itoshikere |
| Imperative (命令形) | 愛しかれ | いとしかれ | itoshikare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 愛しくない | いとしくない | itoshiku nai |
| Informal past | 愛しかった | いとしかった | itoshikatta |
| Informal negative past | 愛しくなかった | いとしくなかった | itoshiku nakatta |
| Formal | 愛しいです | いとしいです | itoshii desu |
| Formal negative | 愛しくないです | いとしくないです | itoshiku nai desu |
| Formal past | 愛しかったです | いとしかったです | itoshikatta desu |
| Formal negative past | 愛しくなかったです | いとしくなかったです | itoshiku nakatta desu |
| Conjunctive | 愛しくて | いとしくて | itoshikute |
| Conditional | 愛しければ | いとしければ | itoshikereba |
| Provisional | 愛しかったら | いとしかったら | itoshikattara |
| Volitional | 愛しかろう | いとしかろう | itoshikarō |
| Adverbial | 愛しく | いとしく | itoshiku |
| Degree | 愛しさ | いとしさ | itoshisa |

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 愛
* かな Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
Rare alternative spelling.
For pronunciation and definitions of 愛しい – see the following entry. :
| 【悲かなしい】 | [adjective] [from 720] sad, sorrowful Alternative spelling 哀しい |
(This term, 愛しい, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 愛
* うつく Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
Rare alternative spelling.
For pronunciation and definitions of 愛しい – see the following entry. :
| 【美うつくしい】 | [adjective] beautiful [adjective] (archaic, Classical Japanese) adorable, beloved |
(This term, 愛しい, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.) :

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN