# tym
## Albanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtym/

### Etymology 1

Disputed.
* From Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós, whence also Latin fūmus (“smoke”), Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós, “breath, spirit”), though the voiceless /t/ is unexpected. It may have been influenced by the Greek descendant.
* From Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō (“breath, soul”), whence also Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán), Proto-Germanic *ēþmaz, though the vowels are unexpected.
* Borrowed from Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós). This has been challenged on semantic grounds.

#### Noun

tym m (plural tymra, definite tymi)
* smoke

##### Derived terms

* tëtym
* tymnajë
* tymos
* tymues

#### References

* ↑ Çabej, E. (1986) Studime gjuhësore (in Albanian), volume VII, Prishtinë: Rilindja, pages 217, 254
* ↑ Camarda, Demetrio (1864) Saggio di grammatologia comparata sulla lingua albanese (in Italian), Livorno: Successore di Egisto Vignozzi, page 53
* 1 2 Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “tym”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 470
* ↑ De Vaan

#### Further reading

* Bardhi, Frang (1635) Dictionarium Latino Epiroticum (overall work in Latin and Albanian), page 28: “fumus — tim”
* Jungg, G. (1895) “tȣm”, in Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary], page 163

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

tym m (plural tymra, definite tymi)
* (archaic) family

## Atong (India)
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Classifier

tym
* classifier for fields

### References

* van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

## Lower Sorbian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tɨm]

### Determiner

tym
* instrumental masculine singular of ten
* instrumental neuter singular of ten
* dative plural of ten

## Middle English
### Noun

tym
* Alternative form of tyme (“time”)

## Old Polish
### Alternative forms

* tem

### Etymology

Insrumental singular of ten / to. First attested in 1425.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /tɨm/
* IPA: (15th CE) /tɨm/

### Particle

tym
* (attested in Lesser Poland) used in parallel, conditional or comparative statements; the
** 1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I‎, Lesser Poland, page 37:Przeto aby naszy poddany czczą tym szyrzey slynaly, vstawyamy[Przeto aby naszy poddani czcią tym szyrzej słynęli, ustawiamy]
** Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie‎, Krakow, page gl. 70b:Yscy velkocrocz sø to przygadza, gymcy clouek gest pøknegsy, timcy gest f serczu gorsy, a presto gdiscy mili Ihu Xc cloueka czudne stvorzy, tymcy sø richle grechu dopuscy[Iż ci wielkokroć się to przygadza, jimci człowiek jest piękniejszy, tymci jest w siercu gorszy, a przezto gdyż ci miły Jezu Kryst człowieka cudnie stworzy, tymci się rychle grzechu dopuści]
** 1930 [c. 1455], “Lev”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎, 25, 16:Czim wyøczey lyat ostalobi po milosciwem lyatv, tim wyøczey roscz bødze y *naem (quanto plures anni remanserint..., tanto crescet et pretium)[Czym więcej lat ostałoby po miłościwem latu, tym więcej rość będzie i na[j]em(quanto plures anni remanserint..., tanto crescet et pretium)]
** 1874-1891 [15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności‎, volume XXIV, page 74:Quanto, ale y[m] wące, autem eis precipiebat, ut tacerent, tanto magis, tym vącze, plus predicabant (Marc 7, 36)[Quanto, ale i[m] więce, autem eis precipiebat, ut tacerent, tanto magis, tym więce, plus predicabant (Marc 7, 36)]
* The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
** then (at that time)
*** Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎, page 106:Aoyad (pro doyad) Antypater v Rzymye byl, tym vmarl Feroras (cum... Antipater Romae esset, mortuus est Pheroras)[Dojąd Antypater w Rzymie był, tym umarł Feroras (cum... Antipater Romae esset, mortuus est Pheroras)]

#### Descendants

* Polish: tym

### References

* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “tym, tem”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Old Tupi
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨm (“to plant”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní tỹ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtɨ̃m]
* Rhymes: -ɨ̃m
* Hyphenation: tym

### Verb

tym (first-person singular active indicative aîotym, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîotymi, noun tyma) (transitive)
* to plant (to place a plant or seed in soil)
** c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, Na aldeia de Guaraparim [In the village of Guaraparim], Guarapari, page 166; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:Sepya'pe, ereîakasó, missa rendupabe'yma. Ere'u memẽ so'o 'aretéreme; ereîkó kopira resé, kó tyma.Out of revenge, you moved out, the reason for which you don't attend Mass. You always ate meat on the days of obligation; you were at the tillage, planting the field.
* to burry (to place in the ground)
    Synonym: atyb
** 1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter XI, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Livro Terceiro do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam [… ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 64v:M. Marampe cerecou itîmi yanondê? D. Aotinga pupê ynhubàni, itá caràmemoã abá timagoereima pupè ymondèpa.[M. Marãpe serekóû i tymy îanondé? D. Aotinga pupé i nhubani, itá karamemûã abá tymagûere'yma pupé i mondepa.]What did they do before burying him? / In white clothes they wrapped him and placed him inside a stone tomb where no one was burried.

#### Related terms

* emityma
* i tymbyra
* i tymymbyra
* mba'etym
* tyma
* tymaba
* tymara
* ypytym

#### Descendants

* Nheengatu: yutima

### References

* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “tym”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, pages 486–487

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɘm/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /tɨm/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘm
* Syllabification: tym
* Homophone: Tym

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish tym. By surface analysis, the instrumental singular of ten / to.

#### Particle

tym
* used in parallel, conditional, or comparative statements; the
    im więcej..., tym mniej... ― the more..., the less...
    No to tym lepiej! ― Well, then all the better!
    Im większy głód, tym lepiej smakuje. ― The greater the hunger, the better [the food] tastes.

#### Alternative forms

* tem (obsolete)

#### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), tym (conjunction) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 30 times in scientific texts, 4 times in news, 29 times in essays, 16 times in fiction, and 24 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 103 times, making it the 612th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

#### Pronoun

tym m pers
* inflection of ten:
** instrumental/locative singular
** dative plural

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronoun

tym n
* inflection of to:
** instrumental/locative singular
** dative plural

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronoun

tym f
* dative plural of ta

### References

* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “tym (conjunction)”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 617

### Further reading

* tym in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* tym in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “tym”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* “TYM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.05.2010
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “tym”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “tym”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “tym”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 188