# 植

| 植 | U+690D, &#26893; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-690D |
| ← 椌 [U+690C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 椎 → [U+690E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

植 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木十月一 (DJBM), four-corner 4491$_6$, composition ⿰木直)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 536, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15023
* Dae Jaweon: page 923, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1225, character 8
* Unihan data for U+690D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 置 | *tɯɡs |
| 值 | *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ |
| 植 | *dɯɡs, *djɯɡ |
| 埴 | *tʰjɯɡs, *djɯɡ |
| 惪 | *tɯːɡ |
| 德 | *tɯːɡ |
| 稙 | *tɯɡ |
| 淔 | *tʰɯɡ |
| 直 | *dɯɡ |
| 犆 | *dɯɡ |
| 殖 | *djɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *dɯɡs, *djɯɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 直 (OC *dɯɡ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhí (zhi$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җы (žɨ, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zik$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zet$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ciit$^7$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ced$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zeh$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): cĭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĭk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sia̍k / se̍k / si̍t / se̍t / ti̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sêg$^4$ / sig$^8$ / sêg$^8$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^8$zeq / $^8$dzeq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhr$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhí
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhíh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^2$
*** Yale: jŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyr
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zi$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җы (žɨ, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zik$^6$
*** Yale: jihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪk̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zet$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡set̚³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ciit$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɨt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: ciid
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ced$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰət̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zeh$^5$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭk
*** Sinological IPA : /siʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: sia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siak̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k
*** Tâi-lô: si̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sek
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Changtai): /sek̚³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t
*** Tâi-lô: si̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sit
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Hui'an)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍t
*** Tâi-lô: se̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: set
*** IPA (Hui'an): /set̚²³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍t
*** Tâi-lô: ti̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dit
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tit̚⁴/
* sia̍k/se̍k - literary;
* si̍t/se̍t - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit植 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʃz̩⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sz̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sz̩³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sz̩²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡səʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zəʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zəʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /d͡zei²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰi²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɨʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰət̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʃʰït̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sek̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sek̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sik̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sik̚⁵/ /sit̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡siʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡si²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sek̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡sek̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: driH, dzyik
Rime :
| Character | 植 | 植 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 直吏切 | 常職切 |
| Baxter | driH | dzyik |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖɨ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡie$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖɨ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiə$^H$/ | /ʑiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭə$^H$/ | /ʑĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi$^H$/ | /ʑi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhì | shí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^6$ | sik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-t<r>ək-s/, /*m-t<r>ək-s/, /*m-tək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*dɯɡs/, /*djɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 植 | 植 | 植 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhí | zhí | zhí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dri$^H$ › | ‹ dri$^H$ › | ‹ dzyik › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-t<r>ək-s/ | /*m-t<r>ək-s/ | /*m-tək/ |
| English | grow, flourish | to plant, set upright | to plant; plants |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 植 | 植 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 17263 | 17273 |
| Phonetic component | 直 | 直 |
| Rime group | 代 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 值 | 寔 |
| Old Chinese | /*dɯɡs/ | /*djɯɡ/ |

### Definitions

植
* to plant; to grow; to cultivate
    植樹／植树 ― zhíshù ― to plant trees
* to set up; to establish
* plant; flora
    植被 ― zhíbèi ― vegetation
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (to cultivate):
* 培植 (péizhí)
* 栽
* 栽培 (zāipéi)
* 栽植 (zāizhí) (chiefly to transplant)
* 栽種 / 栽种 (zāizhòng)
* 樹 / 树 (shù) (obsolete)
* 盤栽 / 盘栽 (Xiamen Hokkien, chiefly to transplant, Zhangzhou Hokkien, chiefly to transplant)
* 移栽 (yízāi) (chiefly to transplant)
* 種 / 种 (zhòng)
* 種植 / 种植 (zhòngzhí)
* 種樹 / 种树 (zhòngshù) (Classical Chinese)
* (to set up):
* 倡辦 / 倡办 (chàngbàn)
* 創下 / 创下 (chuàngxià)
* 創制 / 创制 (chuàngzhì)
* 創建 / 创建 (chuàngjiàn)
* 創立 / 创立 (chuànglì)
* 創興 / 创兴 (chuàngxīng) (literary)
* 創設 / 创设 (chuàngshè)
* 創辦 / 创办 (chuàngbàn)
* 建立 (jiànlì)
* 建置 (jiànzhì)
* 成立 (chénglì)
* 搭建 (dājiàn)
* 施設 / 施设 (shīshè) (literary)
* 樹立 / 树立 (shùlì)
* 確立 / 确立 (quèlì)
* 立下 (lìxià)
* 組建 / 组建 (zǔjiàn)
* 興辦 / 兴办 (xīngbàn)
* 設 / 设 (shè)
* 設立 / 设立 (shèlì)
* 開創 / 开创 (kāichuàng)
* 開基 / 开基 (kāijī) (literary)
* 開建 / 开建 (kāijiàn)
* 開設 / 开设 (kāishè)
* 開辦 / 开办 (kāibàn)
* (plant):
* 株 (zhū)
* 植株 (zhízhū)
* 植物 (zhíwù)
* 植被 (zhíbèi)
* 歲物 / 岁物 (suìwù) (literary)
* 綠色植物 / 绿色植物 (lǜsè zhíwù)
* 花卉 (huāhuì)
* 花草 (huācǎo)
* 草木 (cǎomù)

### Compounds

* 下等植物
* 人工植牙
* 動植物 / 动植物 (dòngzhíwù)
* 卵子移植
* 原生植物
* 單花植物 / 单花植物
* 器官移植 (qìguān yízhí)
* 培植 (péizhí)
* 孢子植物 (bāozǐ zhíwù)
* 室內植物 / 室内植物
* 密植 (mìzhí)
* 寄生植物
* 常綠植物 / 常绿植物
* 庭園植物 / 庭园植物
* 弱植
* 心臟移植 / 心脏移植
* 懶人植物 / 懒人植物
* 手植
* 扶植 (fúzhí)
* 捕蟲植物 / 捕虫植物
* 攀緣植物 / 攀缘植物
* 旱性植物
* 曹植
* 有毒植物
* 木本植物
* 栽培植物
* 栽植 (zāizhí)
* 植基
* 植床
* 植株 (zhízhū)
* 植樹 / 植树 (zhíshù)
* 植樹節 / 植树节
* 植牙
* 植物 (zhíwù)
* 植物人 (zhíwùrén)
* 植物園 / 植物园 (zhíwùyuán)
* 植物學 / 植物学 (zhíwùxué)
* 植物油 (zhíwùyóu)
* 植物激素
* 植物纖維 / 植物纤维
* 植物群落 (zhíwù qúnluò)
* 植物誌 / 植物志
* 植物馴化 / 植物驯化
* 植皮手術 / 植皮手术
* 植群
* 植耳
* 植苗
* 植被 (zhíbèi)
* 植足
* 植髮 / 植发 (zhífà)
* 植黨 / 植党
* 植黨營私 / 植党营私
* 歸化植物 / 归化植物
* 水生植物 (shuǐshēng zhíwù)
* 浮生植物
* 溫帶植物 / 温带植物
* 潘植
* 球根植物
* 皮下移植
* 移植 (yízhí)
* 種植 / 种植 (zhòngzhí)
* 種植義齒 / 种植义齿
* 等高種植 / 等高种植
* 綠色植物 / 绿色植物 (lǜsè zhíwù)
* 纖維植物 / 纤维植物
* 肆奸植黨
* 胎生植物
* 腐植土
* 腐植質 / 腐植质
* 腐生植物
* 苔蘚植物 / 苔藓植物 (táixiǎn zhíwù)
* 草本植物 (cǎoběn zhíwù)
* 著生植物
* 葉狀植物 / 叶状植物
* 蔓生植物
* 蕨類植物 / 蕨类植物
* 藤本植物
* 藥用植物 / 药用植物
* 藻菌植物
* 蘚苔植物 / 藓苔植物
* 被子植物 (bèizǐzhíwù)
* 裸子植物 (luǒzǐzhíwù)
* 觀葉植物 / 观叶植物
* 觀賞植物 / 观赏植物
* 誤植 / 误植 (wùzhí)
* 附生植物
* 陰地植物 / 阴地植物
* 陰性植物 / 阴性植物
* 陽性植物 / 阳性植物
* 隱花植物 / 隐花植物
* 顯花植物 / 显花植物
* 飛潛動植 / 飞潜动植
* 食蟲植物 / 食虫植物
* 骨髓移植 (gǔsuǐ yízhí)
* 高山植物
* 高等植物
* 鹽生植物 / 盐生植物

### References

* “植”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* plant

#### Readings

* Go-on: じき (jiki)
* Kan-on: しょく (shoku, Jōyō)、ち (chi)
* Kan’yō-on: ちょく (choku)
* Kun: うえる (ueru, 植える, Jōyō)、うわる (uwaru, 植わる, Jōyō)、たてる (tateru, 植てる)
The reading ちょく is preferred in the typesetting/printing industry for words such as, and related to, 植字.

## Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Hanja

植 (eumhun 심을 식 (simeul sik))
* hanja form of 식 (“to plant”)

#### Compounds

* 식물 (植物, singmul, “plant”)

### Etymology 2
#### Hanja

植 (eumhun 둘 치 (dul chi))
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 置 (“hanja form of 치 (“to put”)”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

植: Hán Nôm readings: thực
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.