# borne
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English boren, iborne, from Old English boren, ġeboren, past participle of Old English beran (“to carry, bear”).

### Pronunciation

* (horse–hoarse merger)
** (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /bɔːn/
** (General American) IPA: /boɹn/, [bo̞ɹn]
** Audio (US):(file)
** Homophones: born (horse–hoarse merger); bourn, bourne, Bourne; bawn (non-rhotic, horse–hoarse merger)
** Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)n
* (without the horse–hoarse merger)
** (rhotic) IPA: /boːɹn/
** (non-rhotic) IPA: /boən/

### Verb

borne
* past participle of bear
** 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:Miranda: I ſhould ſinne / To thinke but Noblie of my Grand-mother, / Good wombes haue borne bad ſonnes.
** 1907 January, Harold Bindloss, chapter 21, in The Dust of Conflict, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: McLeod & Allen, →OCLC:“Can't you understand that love without confidence is a worthless thing—and that had you trusted me I would have borne any obloquy with you. […] ”

### Adjective

borne (not comparable)
* carried, supported.
** 1901, Joseph Conrad, Falk: A Reminiscence:In the last rays of the setting sun, you could pick out far away down the reach his beard borne high up on the white structure, foaming up stream to anchor for the night.
** 1881, Oscar Wilde, “Rome Unvisited”, in Poems, page 44:When, bright with purple and with gold, Come priest and holy cardinal, And borne above the heads of all The gentle Shepherd of the Fold.
** c. 2000, David Irving v. Penguin Books and Deborah Lipstadt, section II:Irving is further required, as a matter of practice, to spell out what he contends are the specific defamatory meanings borne by those passages.

#### Derived terms

* airborne
* bloodborne
* carborne
* cartborne
* chairborne
* fleaborne
* food-borne
* foodborne
* heliborne
* inborne
* jet-borne
* louseborne
* mainsborne
* milkborne
* pipeborne
* railborne
* rocketborne
* seaborne
* seed-borne
* seedborne
* shipborne
* skyborne
* soilborne
* spaceborne
* springborne
* tickborne
* tick-borne
* tick-borne encephalitis
* trainborne
* truck-borne
* vector-borne
* wainborne
* waterborne
* windborne

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Boner, Breon, Ebron, boner

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French bontie, bodne, from Medieval Latin (Merovingian) bodina, butina (“limit, boundary”), a Celtic/Transalpine Gaulish borrowing, from Proto-Celtic *bonnicca (“boundary”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn (“bottom, base”), see also *bundos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɔʁn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔʁn

### Noun

borne f (plural bornes)
* bollard such as those used to restrict automobiles off a pedestrian area
* territorial boundary marker
* territorial or geographical border
* milestone such as those alongside a roadway
* (slang) a kilometre; a click
* mark
    dépasser les bornescross the mark
* limit of a list or of an interval
    Prenez un nombre entre 0 et 100 (bornes incluses)Pick a number between 0 and 100, inclusive
    les lettres comprises entre A et D (bornes incluses)alphabetic characters from A to D
* machine
    borne libre serviceself-service machine

#### Derived terms

* borne d’incendie
* borne électrique
* borne kilométrique
* borné
* borner
* borne-fontaine
* borne-abreuvoir
* dépasser les bornes
* radioborne

### References

* Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
* ↑ Mann, S. E. (1963). Armenian and Indo-European: Historical Phonology. United Kingdom: Luzac, p. 73

### Further reading

* “borne”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Norman
### Etymology

From Late Latin bodina, butina, from Transalpine Gaulish.

### Noun

borne f (plural bornes)
* (Jersey) boundary stone

## Spanish
### Etymology

From French borne, from Medieval Latin (Merovingian) bodina, butina (“limit, boundary”), a Celtic/Transalpine Gaulish borrowing, from Proto-Celtic *bonnicca (“boundary”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn (“bottom, base”), see also *bundos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈboɾne/ [ˈboɾ.ne]
* Rhymes: -oɾne
* Syllabification: bor‧ne

### Noun

borne m (plural bornes)
* each of the metallic terminals of certain electrical machines and apparatus, intended for the connection of conductive wires
* special end of the spear used in jousting

### References

* ↑ Diccionario de la RAE: borne
* ↑ Mann, S. E. (1963). Armenian and Indo-European: Historical Phonology. United Kingdom: Luzac, p. 73

### Further reading

* “borne”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10