OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# optimismo
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /optiˈmismo/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: op‧ti‧mis‧mo
* Rhymes: -ismo

### Noun

optimismo (uncountable, accusative optimismon)
* optimism

#### Related terms

* optimisto

## Galician
### Etymology

From French optimisme, from Latin optimus.

### Noun

optimismo m (uncountable)
* optimism
    Antonym: pesimismo

#### Related terms

* optimista

#### Further reading

* “optimismo”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /op.t͡ʃiˈmiz.mu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /op.t͡ʃiˈmiz.mu/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /op.t͡ʃiˈmiʒ.mu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /op.t͡ʃiˈmiz.mo/

### Noun

optimismo m (plural optimismos)
* (Brazil) Alternative form of otimista
* (European Portuguese spelling) Pre-reform spelling (used until 1990) of otimista. Still used in countries where the agreement hasn't come into effect; may occur as a sporadic misspelling.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French optimisme, from Latin optimus, equivalent to óptimo +‎ -ismo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /obtiˈmismo/ [oβ̞.t̪iˈmiz.mo]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -ismo
* Syllabification: op‧ti‧mis‧mo

### Noun

optimismo m (plural optimismos)
* optimism
    Antonym: pesimismo

#### Related terms

* optimista
* óptimo

#### Further reading

* “optimismo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish optimismo.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔoptiˈmismo/ [ʔop.t̪ɪˈmis.mo]
* Rhymes: -ismo
* Syllabification: op‧ti‧mis‧mo

### Noun

optimismo (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)
* optimism

#### Related terms

* optimista
# warproof
## English
### Alternative forms

war-proof

### Etymology

From war +‎ proof.

### Adjective

warproof (comparative more warproof, superlative most warproof)
* Immune to being degraded or destroyed by war.

### Noun

warproof (uncountable)
* (obsolete) Valour tried by war.
** 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:On, on, you noblest English, / Whose blood is fet from fathers of warproof.

### References

* “warproof”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# wojna nerwów
## Polish
### Etymology

Literally, “war of nerves”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvɔj.na ˈnɛr.vuf/
* Syllabification: woj‧na ner‧wów

### Noun

wojna nerwów f
* (idiomatic) war of nerves (psychological warfare)

#### Related terms

* nerwy
* wojować impf

### Further reading

* wojna nerwów in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* wojna nerwów in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Šebek
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃɛbɛk]

### Proper noun

Šebek m anim (female equivalent Šebková)
* a male surname

#### Descendants

* English: Sebek

### Further reading

* “Šebek”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃebek]

### Proper noun

Šebek m pers (female equivalent Šebeková)
* a surname

#### Descendants

* English: Sebek

### Further reading

* “Šebek”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# miedoso
## Spanish
### Etymology

From miedo +‎ -oso.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mjeˈdoso/ [mjeˈð̞o.so]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -oso
* Syllabification: mie‧do‧so

### Adjective

miedoso (feminine miedosa, masculine plural miedosos, feminine plural miedosas)
* (colloquial) fearful, timid, tremulous
    Synonyms: temeroso, medroso

#### Related terms

* miedo

### Noun

miedoso m (plural miedosos)
* scaredy-cat, coward

### Further reading

* “miedoso”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# númido
## Spanish
### Adjective

númido (feminine númida, masculine plural númidos, feminine plural númidas)
* (historical)Numidian
** 2015 July 18, “El hermano de Aníbal pierde la cabeza”, in El País‎:La tercera hija le aseguró a su padre el apoyo de la caballería númida en la guerra contra los mercenarios al desposarse con el caudillo Naravas: es la chica que ha pasado a la posteridad como Salambó merced a la imaginación de Flaubert.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Related terms

* Numidia
# στραπατσάδα
## Greek
### Etymology

From Venetan strapazzada, from strapazzar (“to treat roughly; to scramble (eggs)”) + -ada (forms verbal nouns). Related to Italian strapazzare.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɾa.pa.ˈtsa.ða/

### Noun

στραπατσάδα • (strapatsáda) f
* strapatsada (tomato and egg dish)

#### Synonyms

* καγιανάς (kagianás)

#### Descendants

* → English: strapatsada

#### See also

* στραπατσάδα on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
# pistoletazo
## Spanish
### Etymology

From pistolete (“gun”) +‎ -azo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /pistoleˈtaθo/ [pis.t̪o.leˈt̪a.θo]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /pistoleˈtaso/ [pis.t̪o.leˈt̪a.so]
* Rhymes: -aθo
* Rhymes: -aso
* Syllabification: pis‧to‧le‧ta‧zo

### Noun

pistoletazo m (plural pistoletazos)
* gunshot, firing of a gun
    Synonyms: tiro, disparo, balazo
** 1921, Vicente Blasco Ibanez, Las plumas de Caburé‎:Se vió tendido al anochecer en los hierbales, esperando al gringo, que después de darle los puñetazos iba á pasar la noche en Asunción. Al tenerle cerca, le disparaba un pistoletazo.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* pistoletazo de salida (“starting signal; kick off”)

#### Derived terms

* pistola

### Further reading

* “pistoletazo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# دهب
## Egyptian Arabic

* Root
* د ه ب
* 1 term

### Etymology

From Arabic ذَهَب (ḏahab).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dahab/

### Noun

دهب • (dahab) m
* (uncountable) gold

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* د ه ب
* 1 term

### Etymology

From Arabic ذَهَب (ḏahab).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /da.hab/, [ˈda.hab]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

دهب • (dáhab) m
* (uncountable) gold

#### Derived terms

* دهبي (dahabi, “gold, golden (color)”)
# mosiek
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* Mosiek

### Etymology

From Mosiek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɔ.ɕɛk/
* Rhymes: -ɔɕɛk
* Syllabification: mo‧siek
* Homophone: Mosiek

### Noun

mosiek m pers
* (derogatory, ethnic slur, religious slur, Judaism) heeb, kike, shylock, Yid
    Synonyms: icek, koszerny, parch, pejsaty, żydek

#### Related terms

* Mojżesz
* Mosze

### Further reading

* mosiek in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* mosiek in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Freud
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɹɔɪd/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔɪd

### Proper noun

Freud
* A surname from German.
* Sigmund Freud, Austrian neurologist, psychotherapist, and founder of psychoanalysis.
** 1974, Thomas S. Szasz, M.D., chapter 9, in The Myth of Mental Illness, →ISBN, page 153:To assert that morality is self-evident and that one had never done a mean thing are strangely revealing statements to come from the lips of a person whose object of study was man, himself included. It reflects, I believe, Freud's unshakable determination to be a moralist in the guise of a scientist. In this endeavor, he succeeded only too well: as a cryptomoralist, Freud became the founder of a sort of secular religion which has had immense influence on popular contemporary thought and life. [...]

#### Coordinate terms

* Jung

#### Derived terms

* Freudian
* Freudiana
* Freudianism
* Freudian slip
* Freudism
* Freud squad

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* defur

## Central Franconian
### Alternative forms

* Freed, Frääd, Fraajd (Moselle Franconian)

### Etymology

Cognate with German Freude (“joy”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fʁœy̯t/

### Noun

Freud f
* (Ripuarian) joy, delight, glee
    Antonym: Leid

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfrɛu̯t]

### Proper noun

Freud m anim (female equivalent Freduová, relational adjective Freudův)
* a male surname from German

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Freud”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)

## German
### Etymology

Apocopic form.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fʁɔʏ̯t/

### Noun

Freud f (genitive Freud, plural Freuden)
* (in expressions, else poetic) Alternative form of Freude (“joy”)

#### Derived terms

* des einen Freud ist des anderen Leid
* Freud und Leid
* Spaß an der Freud

### Proper noun

Freud m or (referring to a female) f (proper noun, strong, genitive Freuds or (with an article) Freud, plural Freuds or Freud)
* a surname

#### Derived terms

* freudsch, Freud'sch
* Freudianer, freudianisch

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfrɒjd] (phonetic respelling: Frajd)
* Hyphenation: Freud
* Rhymes: -ɒjd

### Proper noun

Freud
* a surname
* Sigmund Freud, Austrian neurologist, psychotherapist, and founder of psychoanalysis.

#### Derived terms

* freudi
* freudista
* freudizmus

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Freud.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfrɔjt/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔjt
* Syllabification: Freud

### Proper noun

Freud m pers
* Sigmund Freud

#### Derived terms

* freudowski
* freudowska pomyłka
* freudysta
* freudystka
* freudyzm

### Further reading

* Freud in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# 名利場
## Chinese

(This form in the hanzi box is uncreated: "名利场".)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mínglìchǎng
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄔㄤˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mínglìchǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄔㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mínglìchǎng
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^2$-li$^4$-chʻang$^3$
*** Yale: míng-lì-chǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minglihchaang
*** Palladius: минличан (minličan)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³⁵ li⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Noun

名利場
* where people chase fame and fortune
# dostojniczka
## Polish
### Etymology

From dostojnik +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɔ.stɔjˈɲit͡ʂ.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -it͡ʂka
* Syllabification: do‧stoj‧nicz‧ka

### Noun

dostojniczka f (male equivalent dostojnik)
* female equivalent of dostojnik (“dignitary”) (important or influential person)

#### Related terms

* dostojny
* dostojnie
* dostojeństwo
* dostojność
* dostojnieć impf
* zdostojnieć pf

### Further reading

* dostojniczka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Hirsz
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Hirsch.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxirʂ/
* Rhymes: -irʂ
* Syllabification: Hirsz

### Proper noun

Hirsz m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Hirsz f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

#### Derived terms

* Hirszowa
* Hirszówna

### See also

* Appendix:Polish surnames
# montański
## Polish
### Etymology

From Montana +‎ -ski.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɔnˈtaɲ.ski/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aɲski
* Syllabification: mon‧tań‧ski

### Adjective

montański (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational) of Montana

#### Related terms

* Montana
* Montanka
* Montańczyk

### Further reading

* montański in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# auditable
## English
### Etymology

From audit +‎ -able.

### Adjective

auditable (comparative more auditable, superlative most auditable)
* Able to be audited.
** 1994, Michael Power, The Audit Explosion:Whatever the intrinsic merits, questionnaires make teaching 'auditable', and thus easier to regulate in the name of quality.

#### Derived terms

* unauditable

## Spanish
### Etymology

From auditar +‎ -able.

### Adjective

auditable m or f (masculine and feminine plural auditables)
* auditable, verifiable
** 2019 October 2, Indira Urbaneja, “No hay margen para equivocaciones”, in El Nacional‎:El único que mantiene una presión real sobre Maduro es Washington a través de las sanciones, por tanto, el presidente Trump y el señor Pompeo tienen la oportunidad de jugar cartas estratégicas a su favor para llevarnos a nuestro objetivo real y final: elecciones libres, transparentes, auditables, que son el origen de una transición que nos convertirá nuevamente hacia la democracia.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
# multimer
## English
### Etymology

From multi- +‎ -mer.

### Noun

multimer (plural multimers)
* (biochemistry) A protein consisting of multiple monomers.

#### See also

* biopolymer
* oligomer
* polymer
# Ἀργυννίς
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* Ἀργουνίς (Argounís)

### Etymology

From ἄργῠρος (árguros, “silver”) or ἀργός (argós, “shing white, brilliant”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“brilliant white”). Cognate of Sanskrit अर्जुन (árjuna).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ar.ɡyn.nís/ → /ar.ʝynˈnis/ → /ar.ʝiˈnis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ar.ɡyn.nís/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ar.ɡynˈnis/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ar.ʝynˈnis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ar.ʝynˈnis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ar.ʝiˈnis/

### Proper noun

Ἀργῠννῐ́ς • (Argunnís) f (genitive Ἀργῠννῐ́δος); third declension
* an epithet for Aphrodite used at one of her temples, Ἀργύννιον (Argúnnion), in Boeotia
** Phanocl. 5
** c. 6th century CE, Stephanus Byzantius, Ethnica

#### Derived terms

* Ἀργύννιον (Argúnnion), Ἀργύνειον (Argúneion), Ἀργύννιος (Argúnnios)

#### Related terms

* Ἄργυννος (Árgunnos)

#### Descendants

* → Translingual: Argynnis

### References

* Ἀργυννίς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
* Kölligan, Daniel. “Aphrodite of the dawn: indo-european heritage in greek divine epithets and theonyms.” Letras Clássicas 11.11 (2014): 105-134.
# afincar
## Spanish
### Etymology

From a- +‎ fincar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /afinˈkaɾ/ [a.fĩŋˈkaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: a‧fin‧car

### Verb

afincar (first-person singular present afinco, first-person singular preterite afinqué, past participle afincado)
* (intransitive) to take up residence, settle

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* afincamiento

### Further reading

* “afincar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Anagrams

* Francia
# sedmiboj
## Czech
### Etymology

From sedmi- (“hepta-”) +‎ boj (“fight”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsɛdmɪboj]
* Hyphenation: sed‧mi‧boj

### Noun

sedmiboj m inan
* (athletics) heptathlon
    Hypernym: víceboj
    Coordinate terms: pětiboj, desetiboj

#### Derived terms

* sedmibojař m inan

### Further reading

* “sedmiboj”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “sedmiboj”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# 名利场
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 名利场 – see 名利場 (“where people chase fame and fortune”). (This term is the simplified form of 名利場).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# kandidát
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkandɪdaːt]

### Noun

kandidát m anim (female equivalent kandidátka)
* candidate

#### Related terms

* kandidatura f
* kandidovat

### Further reading

* “kandidát”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kandidát”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “kandidát”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# roll with the punches
## English
### Verb

roll with the punches (third-person singular simple present rolls with the punches, present participle rolling with the punches, simple past and past participle rolled with the punches)
* Alternative form of ride with the punches
** 2011, Lenka, Ben H. Allen (lyrics and music), “Roll with the Punches”, in Two‎, performed by Lenka:When life tries to knock all the wind out of you / You've got to roll, roll, roll with the punches / If all life offers is black and blue / You've got to roll, roll, roll with the punches
** 2023 September 30, Hannah Murphy, “The wildest job in Silicon Valley”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 17:You will not to get to control Elon, you have to roll with the punches and channel him.

#### Related terms

* roll with it
# drukować
## Polish
### Etymology

Adapted borrowing of German drucken +‎ -ować, from Middle High German drucken, from Old High German drucchen, from Proto-West Germanic *þrukkijan, from Proto-Germanic *þrukkijaną (“to press”). By surface analysis, druk +‎ -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /druˈkɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: dru‧ko‧wać

### Verb

drukować impf (perfective wydrukować)
* (transitive) to print (to produce one or more copies of a text or image on a surface, especially by machine)
* (transitive) to print (to publish in a book, newspaper, etc.)

#### Derived terms

* drukowany
* drukarka
* drukarnia
* drukarz
* dodrukować pf, dodrukowywać impf
* nadrukować pf, nadrukowywać impf
* poddrukować pf, poddrukowywać impf
* przedrukować pf, przedrukowywać impf
* wdrukować pf, wdrukowywać impf
* zadrukować pf, zadrukowywać impf
* zdrukować pf, zdrukowywać impf

#### Related terms

* druk

#### Descendants

* → Belarusian: друкава́ць (drukavácʹ)
* → Ukrainian: друкува́ти (drukuváty)

### Further reading

* drukować in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* drukować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# 歯茎
## Japanese
### Pronunciation 1

Kanji in this term :
| 歯 | 茎 |
| は Grade: 3 | くき > ぐき Grade: S |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spellings
* 齒莖 (kyūjitai) 歯グキ 齦
* (Tokyo) はぐき [háꜜgùkì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ha̠ɡɯ̟kʲi]

#### Noun

歯(は)茎(ぐき) • (haguki)
* (anatomy) gingiva; gums (flesh round the teeth)

##### Synonyms

* 歯(し)齦(ぎん) (shigin)

##### Derived terms

* 歯(は)茎(ぐき)音(おん) (hagukion)

### Pronunciation 2

Kanji in this term :
| 歯 | 茎 |
| し Grade: 3 | けい Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 齒莖 (kyūjitai)
* IPA: [ɕike̞ː]

#### Noun

歯(し)茎(けい) • (shikei)
* (anatomy) gingiva; gums (flesh round the teeth)

##### Derived terms

* 歯(し)茎(けい)音(おん) (shikeion)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
# pastelero
## Spanish
### Etymology

From pastel +‎ -ero.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pasteˈleɾo/ [pas.t̪eˈle.ɾo]
* Rhymes: -eɾo
* Syllabification: pas‧te‧le‧ro

### Noun

pastelero m (plural pasteleros, feminine pastelera, feminine plural pasteleras)
* pastry cook, confectioner

#### Related terms

* pastelería

### Adjective

pastelero (feminine pastelera, masculine plural pasteleros, feminine plural pasteleras)
* (relational) pastry shop, confectioner's

#### Derived terms

* crema pastelera
* manga pastelera

### Further reading

* “pastelero”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# candonga
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɐ̃ˈdõ.ɡɐ/
* Rhymes: -õɡɐ
* Hyphenation: can‧don‧ga

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish candonga with the same meaning, or from Kimbundu kandonge (“weak love”), from ka- (diminutive suffix) +‎ ndonge (“love”).

#### Noun

candonga f (plural candongas) (slang)
* flattery, adulation
    Synonyms: lisonja f, bajulação f
* trickery
    Synonyms: ardil m, artimanha f
* gossip
    Synonyms: intriga f, mexerico m
* (Brazil) girlfriend
    Synonym: namorada f

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Kimbundu kandenge, from ka- (diminutive suffix) +‎ ndenge (“small, petty”).

#### Noun

candonga f (plural candongas)
* (chiefly Angola) smuggling
    Synonym: contrabando m
* (Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau) moonshine made from water, alcohol and syrup
* (Guinea-Bissau) mixed means of transport (both for merch and passengers)

##### Derived terms

* candongar
* candonguice

### References

* “candonga”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
# pertinencia
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /peɾtiˈnenθja/ [peɾ.t̪iˈnẽn̟.θja]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /peɾtiˈnensja/ [peɾ.t̪iˈnẽn.sja]
* Rhymes: -enθja
* Rhymes: -ensja
* Syllabification: per‧ti‧nen‧cia

### Noun

pertinencia f (plural pertinencias)
* pertinence
** 2015 July 6, “Pescado para todos en Mauritania”, in El País‎:De ahí la pertinencia del proyecto de mejora del acceso al consumo de pescado de la población mauritana.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* importance
    Synonym: importancia

#### Related terms

* pertinente

### Further reading

* “pertinencia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# biurokratyzm
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French bureaucratisme. By surface analysis, biurokrata +‎ -yzm. First attested in 1828.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bju.rɔˈkra.tɘzm/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -atɘzm
* Syllabification: biu‧ro‧kra‧tyzm

### Noun

biurokratyzm m inan
* (literary, derogatory) red tape
    Synonyms: biuralizm, biurokracja
    nadmierny biurokratyzm ― excessive red tape
    sztywny biurokratyzm ― stiff red tape
    wszechobecny biurokratyzm ― ever-present red tape
    biurokratyzm partyjny ― party red tape

#### Related terms

* biuralistyczny
* biurkowy
* biurokratyczny
* biurowy
* biuralistycznie
* biurokratycznie
* biuralista
* biuralistka
* biuralistyka
* biuralizm
* biureczko
* biurko
* biuro
* biurokracja
* biurokrata
* biurokratyzacja
* biuromania
* biurotyka
* biurowiec
* biurowość
* biurokratyzować impf
* zbiurokratyzować pf

### References

* ↑ Przegląd Prasy Z.S.R.R. i Emigracji Rosyjskiej: nr 30 (= nr 129) Codziennego Biuletynu Wydziału Prasowego M.S.Z.‎, number 129, 1828, page 1
* ↑ biurokratyzm in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

### Further reading

* biurokratyzm in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* biurokratyzm in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# colín
## Spanish
### Etymology

From cola +‎ -ín. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koˈlin/ [koˈlĩn]
* Rhymes: -in
* Syllabification: co‧lín

### Noun

colín m (plural colines)
* New World quail
* (Dominican Republic, slang) machete

#### Derived terms

* colín de California

### Further reading

* “colín”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# dygnitarz
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Dignitar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɘɡˈɲi.taʂ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -itaʂ
* Syllabification: dyg‧ni‧tarz

### Noun

dygnitarz m pers
* dignitary (important or influential person)
    Synonym: dostojnik

#### Derived terms

* dygnitarski
* dygnitarstwo
* dygnitarzówna

#### Related terms

* po dygnitarsku
* dygnitariat

### References

* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “dygnitarz”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “dygnitarz”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

### Further reading

* dygnitarz in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* dygnitarz in Polish dictionaries at PWN