# -nne
## Finnish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-ndak (originally the oblique/plural possessive ending with a second-person plural possessor), from Proto-Uralic *-nta[t/k]. The vowel is influenced by the second-person plural pronouns like te. Cognates include Moksha and Erzya -нк (-nk).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-nːe/, [-nːe̞]
* IPA: /-nːeˣ/, [-nːe̞(ʔ)] (in some dialects)

#### Suffix

-nne
* (possessive) The second-person plural possessive suffix. Used when addressing many persons or one person in a polite or formal manner. The word teidän (“your”) is normally required only in questions where the main focus is in the term defined by teidän, and it must not be used in front of participles or infinitives in participial phrases. In the examples below, teidän is in brackets where its use is optional.
** Used to indicate possession. The comitative case of a noun requires a possessive suffix, and the genitive of personal pronoun is normally not used with it.
    (Teidän) kirjanne kertoo talvisodasta.Your book is about the Winter War.
    Onko tämä teidän kirjanne?Is this your book?
    Onko (teidän) kirjanne mielenkiintoinen?Is your book interesting?
    Kävelitte kirjoinenne ovesta ulos.You walked out of the door with your book (or books).
** Appended to a genitive-requiring postposition, when its main word is te.
    (teidän) edessänne ― in front of you
    (teidän) takananne ― behind you
** Appended in the participle in participial phrases when the main clause and the participial phrase have the same subject "you".
    Sanoitte tekevänne (teidän) läksyjänne. (similar to the Latin structure accusativus cum infinitivo, e.g. "se dicit facere")You said you were doing your homework.
    Väitätte tehneenne (teidän) läksyjänne.You claim to have been doing your homework.
    Tehdessänne (teidän) läksyjänne kuulitte laukauksen ulkoa.While doing your homework, you heard a shot from outside.
    Tehtyänneläksynne kuulitte laukauksen ulkoa.After having done your homework, you heard a shot from outside.
    Tehdäksenne (teidän) läksynne hyvin menitte hiljaiseen huoneeseen.In order to do your homework well, you went into a quiet room.
** Used with adverbs that require a possessive suffix.
    Olitte siitä hyvin pahoillanne.You were very sorry about it.

##### Usage notes

* When a possessive suffix is applied to singular or plural nominative or genitive case it is appended to the so called "strong vowel stem" (all four forms looking the same). Those unfamiliar with the concept may take the essive singular form of the word in question and replace the -na, -nä -ending with -nne, e.g. tieto (“knowledge”) > tietona > tietonne (not **tiedonne). In other cases -nne is simply added to the end of the inflected form, e.g. talossa > talossanne (in the illative form, the final n is omitted: taloihin > taloihinne). A possessive suffix may not be applied to the instructive case.
* The rules above apply to standard Finnish. In colloquial language, the possessive suffixes are often omitted and genitive forms of personal pronouns are used instead.
* Used not only in the plural, but also as a polite form.

##### See also

* -ni
* -si
* -nsa / -nsä
* -mme
* Appendix:Finnish possessive suffixes

#### References

* ↑ Petri Kallio (2021) “Kaksikko aina kaunihimpi? Itämerensuomalaisten possessiivisuffiksien taustaa”, in Taina Saarikivi, Janne Saarikivi, editors, Turhan tiedon kirja: Tutkimuksista pois jätettyjä sivuja (Kirjokansi; 291) (in Finnish), pages 157-173

### Etymology 2

From -nta +‎ -e or re-extracted from derivations with -e from -ntA- verbs. Related to Karelian -ndeh.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-nːeˣ/, [-nːe̞(ʔ)]

#### Suffix

-nne
* Forms nouns indicating that some essential element of the meaning of the root word is present in the meaning of the derived term.
    ‎jyrkkä (“steep”) + ‎-nne → ‎jyrkänne (“bank, cliff, precipice”)
    ‎tasa (“of the same level”) + ‎-nne → ‎tasanne (“deck, landing”)
    ‎tila (“state”) + ‎-nne → ‎tilanne (“situation”)
    ‎rakentaa (“to construct”) + ‎-nne → ‎rakenne (“structure”)
    ‎ohentaa (“to thin”) + ‎-nne → ‎ohenne (“thinner”)

##### Declension

Possessive forms of -nne (Kotus type 48*J/hame, nt-nn gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-nteeni
-nteeni
accusative
nom.
-nteeni
-nteeni
gen.
-nteeni
genitive
-nteeni
-nteideni -nteitteni
partitive
-nnettani
-nteitani
inessive
-nteessani
-nteissani
elative
-nteestani
-nteistani
illative
-nteeseeni
-nteisiini -nteihini
adessive
-nteellani
-nteillani
ablative
-nteeltani
-nteiltani
allative
-nteelleni
-nteilleni
essive
-nteenani
-nteinani
translative
-nteekseni
-nteikseni
abessive
-nteettani
-nteittani
instructive
comitative
—-nteineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-nteesi
-nteesi
accusative
nom.
-nteesi
-nteesi
gen.
-nteesi
genitive
-nteesi
-nteidesi -nteittesi
partitive
-nnettasi
-nteitasi
inessive
-nteessasi
-nteissasi
elative
-nteestasi
-nteistasi
illative
-nteeseesi
-nteisiisi -nteihisi
adessive
-nteellasi
-nteillasi
ablative
-nteeltasi
-nteiltasi
allative
-nteellesi
-nteillesi
essive
-nteenasi
-nteinasi
translative
-nteeksesi
-nteiksesi
abessive
-nteettasi
-nteittasi
instructive
comitative
—-nteinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-nteemme
-nteemme
accusative
nom.
-nteemme
-nteemme
gen.
-nteemme
genitive
-nteemme
-nteidemme -nteittemme
partitive
-nnettamme
-nteitamme
inessive
-nteessamme
-nteissamme
elative
-nteestamme
-nteistamme
illative
-nteeseemme
-nteisiimme -nteihimme
adessive
-nteellamme
-nteillamme
ablative
-nteeltamme
-nteiltamme
allative
-nteellemme
-nteillemme
essive
-nteenamme
-nteinamme
translative
-nteeksemme
-nteiksemme
abessive
-nteettamme
-nteittamme
instructive
comitative
—-nteinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-nteenne
-nteenne
accusative
nom.
-nteenne
-nteenne
gen.
-nteenne
genitive
-nteenne
-nteidenne -nteittenne
partitive
-nnettanne
-nteitanne
inessive
-nteessanne
-nteissanne
elative
-nteestanne
-nteistanne
illative
-nteeseenne
-nteisiinne -nteihinne
adessive
-nteellanne
-nteillanne
ablative
-nteeltanne
-nteiltanne
allative
-nteellenne
-nteillenne
essive
-nteenanne
-nteinanne
translative
-nteeksenne
-nteiksenne
abessive
-nteettanne
-nteittanne
instructive
comitative
—-nteinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-nteensa
-nteensa
accusative
nom.
-nteensa
-nteensa
gen.
-nteensa
genitive
-nteensa
-nteidensa -nteittensa
partitive
-nnettaan -nnettansa
-nteitaan -nteitansa
inessive
-nteessaan -nteessansa
-nteissaan -nteissansa
elative
-nteestaan -nteestansa
-nteistaan -nteistansa
illative
-nteeseensa
-nteisiinsa -nteihinsa
adessive
-nteellaan -nteellansa
-nteillaan -nteillansa
ablative
-nteeltaan -nteeltansa
-nteiltaan -nteiltansa
allative
-nteelleen -nteellensa
-nteilleen -nteillensa
essive
-nteenaan -nteenansa
-nteinaan -nteinansa
translative
-nteekseen -nteeksensa
-nteikseen -nteiksensa
abessive
-nteettaan -nteettansa
-nteittaan -nteittansa
instructive
comitative
—-nteineen -nteinensa :

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 3

From Proto-Finnic *-nnëk, possibly from Proto-Uralic *-n (lative suffix) + *-k (lative suffix).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-nːeˣ/, [-nːe̞(ʔ)]

#### Suffix

-nne
* Forms sublative adverbs.

##### Derived terms

* jonne
* kunne
* minne
* -nnes
* sinne
* tuonne
* tänne

### Anagrams

* -nen

## Ingrian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-ndeh, equivalent to -nta +‎ -e. Cognates include Finnish -nne.

#### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /-nːe/, [-nːe̞]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /-nːe/, [-nːe̞]

#### Suffix

-nne
* Used to form nouns including a certain element of the suffixed term.

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-ndek. Cognates include Finnish -nne.

#### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /-nːe/, [-nːe̞]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /-nːe/, [-nːe̞]

#### Suffix

-nne
* (obsolete) Used to mark the possession of the second person plural; your