# 形容詞
## Chinese

* 形容詞

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xíngróngcí
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄘˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jing$^4$ jung$^4$ ci$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yen$^3$ yuung$^3$ lhu$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hìn-yùng-chhṳ̀
    (Hailu, HRS): hin rhung cii
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hing$^2$ oeng$^2$ so$^2$ / hing$^2$ yeng$^2$ so$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hêng-iông-sû
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xíngróngcí
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄘˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: síngróngcíh
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^2$-jung$^2$-tzʻŭ$^2$
*** Yale: syíng-rúng-tsź
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngrongtsyr
*** Palladius: синжунцы (sinžuncy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^4$ jung$^4$ ci$^4$
*** Yale: yìhng yùhng chìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^4$ jung$^4$ tsi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^4$ yung$^4$ qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ²¹ jʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yen$^3$ yuung$^3$ lhu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jen²² jɵŋ²² ɬu²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hìn-yùng-chhṳ̀
*** Hakka Romanization System: hin$^ˇ$ iung$^ˇ$ cii$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hin$^2$ yung$^2$ ci$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /hin¹¹ i̯uŋ¹¹ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hìn-yùng-chhṳ̀
*** Hakka Romanization System: hin$^ˇ$ (r)iung$^ˇ$ cii$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hin$^2$ yung$^2$ ci$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /hin¹¹ (j)i̯uŋ¹¹ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hin rhung cii
*** Sinological IPA: /hin⁵⁵ ʒuŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hing$^2$ oeng$^2$ so$^2$ [Phonetic: hing$^5$ oeng$^5$ so$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /hiŋ¹³⁻²¹ œŋ¹³⁻²¹ ɬo¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hing$^2$ yeng$^2$ so$^2$ [Phonetic: hing$^5$ yeng$^5$ so$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /hiŋ¹³⁻²¹ yøŋ¹³⁻²¹ ɬɵ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-iông-sû
*** Tâi-lô: hîng-iông-sû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: heng'iongsuu
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³⁻³³ su²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

### Noun

形容詞
* (grammar) adjective

#### Derived terms

* 指示形容詞 / 指示形容词 (zhǐshì xíngróngcí)
* 關係形容詞 / 关系形容词

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 形 | 容 | 詞 |
| けい Grade: 2 | よう Grade: 5 | し Grade: 6 |
| kan'on |||

### Etymology

From 形容 (keiyō, “description; form”) +‎ 詞 (-shi, “word; part of speech”).
First cited to 1870.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けーよーし [kèéyóꜜòshì] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [ke̞ːjo̞ːɕi]

### Noun

形(けい)容(よう)詞(し) • (keiyōshi)
* [from 1870] (grammar) an -i adjective: specific to Japanese grammar, an adjective with an attributive form that ends in い (​-i)
* [after 1870] (grammar) (more generally, such as in another language) an adjective
    形(けい)容(よう)詞(し)の格(かく)変(へん)化(か)
       keiyōshi no kakuhenka
       adjectival declension
    所(しょ)有(ゆう)形(けい)容(よう)詞(し)
       shoyū keiyōshi
       a possessive adjective
    フランス語(ご)の形(けい)容(よう)詞(し)及(およ)び名(めい)詞(し)は、男(だん)性(せい)形(けい)と女(じょ)性(せい)形(けい)がある。
       Furansu-go no keiyōshi oyobi meishi wa, danseikei to joseikei ga aru.
       French adjectives and nouns have masculine and feminine forms.

#### Usage notes

In Japanese grammar, 形容詞 is a specific class of 用言 (yōgen, “inflectable words”), with a specific inflection. Historically, they include words whose 終止形 (shūshikei, “final form”) ends with し and whose 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) ends with き. In standard modern Japanese, they only include words whose both forms end with い (hence the alternate name "-i adjective"). Other endings occur in dialects. These contrast with other classes of words with adjectival functions, such as 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, “-na adjectives”, literally “adjectival verbs”), 連体詞 (rentaishi, “adnominals”), and attributive nouns.

### See also

* ク活用 (ku katsuyō, “-ku conjugation”)
* シク活用 (ku katsuyō, “-shiku conjugation”)
* 第一形容詞 (daiichi keiyōshi, “-ku conjugation adjectives”)
* 第二形容詞 (daini keiyōshi, “-shiku conjugation adjectives”)
* 補助形容詞 (hojo keiyōshi, “auxiliary adjective”)
* Category:Japanese い-i adjectives

### References

* 1 2 “形容詞”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ “形容詞”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 形 | 容 | 詞 |

### Noun

形容詞 • (hyeongyongsa) (hangeul 형용사)
* hanja form of 형용사 (“adjective”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 形 | 容 | 詞 |

### Noun

形容詞
* chữ Hán form of hình dung từ (“adjective”).