OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# grár
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse grár, from Proto-Germanic *grēwaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /krauːr/
    Rhymes: -auːr

### Adjective

grár (comparative grárri, superlative gráastur)
* grey, gray

#### Derived terms

* bæta gráu ofan á svart
* elda grátt silfur
* gráhegri
* launa lambið gráa

### See also

Colors in Icelandic · litir (layout · text) :
| hvítur; mjallhvítur | grár | svartur |
| rauður; fagurrauður, djúprauður | appelsínugulur, gulrauður, órans (dated); brúnn, dökkbrúnn; fölvi, mórauður | gulur; rjómagulur |
| gulgrænn, mosagrænn | grænn | |
| blágrænn; grænblár | heiðblár, fagurblár, himinblár, safírblár | blár |
| fjólublár; dimmfjólublár, indígóblár | blárauður; rauðfjólublár (fjólublár), purpuralitur | bleikur |

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *grēwaz.

### Adjective

grár (feminine grá, neuter grátt)
* grey
* spiteful

#### Declension

Contracted forms may later be uncontracted by analogy, especially in later texts, resulting in forms such as gráan instead of grán (masculine accusative singular).

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: grár
* Faroese: gráur
* Norn: grå, grågi
* Norwegian Nynorsk: grå; (dialectal) grår, grår’e, grå’u
* Old Swedish: grār
** Swedish: grå
* Danish: grå
** Norwegian Bokmål: grå
* Gutnish: graar, grar, gra, graur

#### See also

Colors in Old Norse · litir (layout · text) :
| hvítr | grár, hǫss | svartr |
| rauðr; rauðgulr | brúnn, jarpr | gulr |
| | grœnn | |
| | | blár |
| víolat | | |

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “grár”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 170; also available at the [https://archive.org/stream/concisedictionar001857
* page/170 Internet Archive]
# grœnleikr
## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* grǿnleikr

### Etymology

From grœnn +‎ -leikr.

### Noun

grœnleikr m
* greenness, verdure

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “grœnleikr”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 174; also available at the [https://archive.org/stream/concisedictionar001857
* page/174 Internet Archive]
# gulr
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gulaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-.

### Adjective

gulr
* yellow

#### Usage notes

"Gulr" is extremely rare in classical Old Norse works and never occurs in Eddic poetry.

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: gulur
* Faroese: gulur
* Norwegian Nynorsk: gul, (dialectal) gul’u, gul’e
* Norwegian Bokmål: gul
* Old Swedish: gul, gol
** Swedish: gul, (dialectal) gål
* Old Danish: guul
** Danish: gul
* → Middle English: gul, gull, gulle, gule, goule, goole
** ⇒ Scots: golgrav
** Yola: ghou

#### See also

Colors in Old Norse · litir (layout · text) :
| hvítr | grár, hǫss | svartr |
| rauðr; rauðgulr | brúnn, jarpr | gulr |
| | grœnn | |
| | | blár |
| víolat | | |

### References

* 1 2 Crawford, Jackson W. (2016 April) “Bleikr, Gulr, and the Categorization of Color in Old Norse”, in Journal of English and Germanic Philology, volume 115, number 2, University of Illinois Press, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 239–252

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “gulr”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
# Gunnarr
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Old Norse gunnr (“fight”) and -arr from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“warrior”), from Proto-Germanic *Gunþiharjaz. Cognates include: German Günther, Gunther.

### Proper noun

Gunnarr m
* a male given name

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: Gunnar
* Faroese: Gunnar
* Norwegian: Gunna(r), Gon(n)ar, Gunnår
* Old Swedish: Gunnar
** Swedish: Gunnar
* Danish: Gunder, → Gunnar
** → Faroese: Gundur
** → Norwegian: Gunder, Gunner
* → Estonian: Gunnar, Kunnar

### Further reading

* Gunnar; in: Eivind Vågslid, Norderlendske fyrenamn, 1988, →ISBN
# gunnr
## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* guðr

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gunþiz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéntis (“act of killing, blow”), from *gʷʰen- (“to strike, kill”).

### Noun

gunnr f (genitive gunnar, dative gunni)
* battle, war

#### Derived terms

* gunnfani m (“war standard”)
* gunnveggr m (“shield-wall”)
* Gunnr f
* Gunnarr m
* Guðrún f

#### Related terms

* bani

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: gunnur

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “gunnr”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
# Guðbrandr
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From guð (“god”) and brandr (“fire, sword”).

### Proper noun

Guðbrandr m
* a male given name

#### Descendants

* Norwegian: Gudbrand

### Further reading

* Gudbrand, in: Eivind Vågslid, Norderlendske fyrenamn, 1988, →ISBN
# gylta
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse gylta. Akin to göltur (“boar”). Compare Swedish gylta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈcɪl̥ta/
    Rhymes: -ɪl̥ta

### Noun

gylta f (genitive singular gyltu, nominative plural gyltur)
* sow (female pig)
    Synonym: sýr

#### Declension
## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* gyltr

### Etymology

Cognate with gǫltr (“boar”).

### Noun

gylta f (genitive gyltu, plural gyltur)
* young sow (female pig)
    Synonym: sýr

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: gylta
* Norwegian: gylte

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “gylta”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
# Gymir
## Old Norse
### Etymology

Uncertain, probably formed from Proto-Norse *gumijaʀ or late Proto-Norse *gymeʀ. Some relate it to Old Norse gumi, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰmṓ (“earth”) + Proto-Germanic *-jaz (“agent suffix”). Others relate it to Old Norse gamall or Icelandic góa. Compare Old Norse gymbr and Icelandic gimbill, gimbur and Swedish gumse. Possibly ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm 'winter'. Alternatively from Old Norse gymir 'sea'.

### Proper noun

Gymir m (genitive Gymis)
* the father of Gerðr in Norse Mythology

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: Gymir
# gær
## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse gerð (“yeast”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɛːr/, [ɡ̊ɛːˀɐ̯]

### Noun

gær c (singular definite gæren, not used in plural form)
* yeast (froth used in medicine, baking and brewing)
* yeast (cake or dried granules used to make bread dough rise)

#### See also

* gær on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse gær, gjár.

### Adverb

gær
* yesterday

#### Usage notes

* Almost always used with í: see í gær
* The word can be reduplicated to indicate multiple days passed, e.g. í gær gær (“the day before yesterday, two days ago”)

## Middle English
### Noun

gær
* Alternative form of gor

## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* gjár

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gēz (“yesterday”).

### Adverb

gær
* yesterday
    segit nu godir höfðingiar huat visse lagafrett su er Eymundr spurde i giar.Tell me this, good lords, what did the legal question relate to, that Eymundr asked about yesterday? (Ólafs saga helga)
* (rare) tomorrow

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: í gær
* Faroese: í gjár
* Norwegian Bokmål: i går
* Norwegian Nynorsk: i går
* Old Swedish: gār, ī gār
** Swedish: i går, gårdag
* Danish: i går
# halfr
## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* hálfr — western dialects

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *halbaz. Compare Old English healf (English half), Old Frisian half (West Frisian heal), Old Saxon half, Dutch half, Old High German halb (German halb), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍃 (halbs).

### Adjective

halfr
* half

#### Derived terms

* hǫlfu (“twice, doubly”)

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: hálfur
* Faroese: hálvur
* Norwegian Nynorsk: halv, (dialectal) halv’u, hålv’e, håv’e, alv’e
* Elfdalian: åv
* Old Swedish: halve
** Swedish: halv
* Old Danish: half
** Danish: halv
*** Norwegian Bokmål: halv
** Scanian: halver
* Gutnish: halvar
# hams
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

hams
* plural of ham
* (exercise, slang) The hamstring muscles; the biceps femoris
** 2010, Adam Garett, “Fried Hams”, in Reps!, 17:23:Powerful hip extension is essential if you hope to squat heavier, jump higher or run faster, making it essential to train the hams using focused hip-extension exercises (like the romanian deadlift).

### Anagrams

* SAHM, sham, HMAS, Mahs, MSHA, AShM, MASH, HSAM, MHAs, Mash, Sham, Samh, Sahm, HMAs, mash, AMHS

## Danish
### Noun

hams c
* indefinite genitive singular of ham

## Icelandic
### Noun

hams m (genitive singular hams, nominative plural hamsar)
* (rare) skin
* (rare, except in phrases) mood
    að vera heitt í hamstri ― to be angry about something
* brown bits left over after animal fat has been melted
** hamsatólg

#### Declension
### References

* Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2024), “hams”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse hams.

### Noun

hams m (definite singular hamsen, indefinite plural hamsar, definite plural hamsane)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* “hams” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
* “hams”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016
* “hams” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring

## Old Norse
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

hams m (genitive hams)
* snakeskin
* husk

#### Declension

* Icelandic: hams
* Norwegian Nynorsk: hams
* Norwegian Bokmål: hams

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “hams”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
# Luxi
## English
### Etymology 1

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 瀘溪 / 泸溪 (Lúxī).

#### Proper noun

Luxi
* A county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China.

##### Translations
#### Further reading

* Saul B. Cohen, editor (1998), “Luxi”, in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World‎, volume 2, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 1810, column 1

### Etymology 2

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 蘆溪 / 芦溪.

#### Proper noun

Luxi
* A county of Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China.
** 2013 July 28, Raymond Li, “Spiritual masters cultivate a network of opportunity”, in South China Morning Post‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on August 03, 2013, Opinion‎:For two decades, self-proclaimed qigong master Wang Lin led a comfortable life outside the media glare - until photos were leaked last week showing him receiving billionaire Alibaba founder Jack Ma Yun at his villa in Jiangxi's Luxi county. […] The paper noted that Ma was accompanied to Wang's home by Luxi county governor Yao Hu. The county's publicity department admitted the government was keen to court Ma for investment. The paper said Wang was highly regarded among local bureaucrats for serving as a bridge to higher authorities and promoting the county among the elites.
# harðleikr
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From harðr +‎ -leikr.

### Noun

harðleikr m
* hardness

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “harðleikr”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 185; also available at the [https://archive.org/stream/concisedictionar001857
* page/185 Internet Archive]
# hasl
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦasl̩]

### Participle

hasl
* masculine singular past active participle of hasnout

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

hasl m (definite singular haslen, indefinite plural haslar, definite plural haslane)
* (pre-1938) alternative form of hassel

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *haslaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kóslos.

### Noun

hasl m
* hazel

#### Related terms

* hesli

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: hasl
* Norwegian Nynorsk: hasl, hassel
* Old Swedish: hasl
** Swedish: hassel
* Old Danish: hasle
** Danish: hassel
*** Norwegian Bokmål: hassel

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “hasl”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 59; also available at the [https://archive.org/stream/concisedictionar001857
* page/59 Internet Archive]
# Haugspori
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From haugr (“burial mound, cairn”) +‎ spor (“track, footprint”), thus meaning “Howe-treader”.

### Proper noun

Haugspori m (genitive Haugspora)
* (Norse mythology) name of a dwarf

### References

* ↑ Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", in Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, Vol 44 (1929), issue #4
# heggr
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hagja-, a variant of *hagjō (“hedge”).

### Noun

heggr m
* bird cherry tree, Prunus padus

#### Descendants

* Danish: hæg
* Faroese: heggur
* Icelandic: heggur
* Norwegian Bokmål: hegg
* Norwegian Nynorsk: hegg
* Swedish: hägg

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “heggr”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
# hellir
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse hellir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɛtlɪr/
    Rhymes: -ɛtlɪr

### Noun

hellir m (genitive singular hellis, nominative plural hellar)
* a cave

#### Declension
## Old Norse
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

hellir m (genitive hellis, plural hellar)
* cave, cavern

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: hellir
* Faroese: helli
* Norwegian Nynorsk: heller

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “hellir”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
# helsótt
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From hel +‎ sótt.

### Noun

helsótt f (genitive helsóttar, plural helsóttir)
* a sickness that ends ones life

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: helsótt
* Faroese: helsótt
* Norwegian Nynorsk: helsott
* Old Swedish: helsot, hälsot
** Swedish: helsot
* Danish: helsot

### Further reading

* Richard Cleasby, Guðbrandur Vigfússon (1874) “helsótt”, in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press
# hentleikr
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From hentr +‎ -leikr.

### Noun

hentleikr m
* opportunity

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “hentleikr”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
# Herjann
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *harjanaz, from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“army”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“war”). Compare þjóðann (“prince, ruler”), from þjóð (“people”).

### Proper noun

Herjann m
* (heiti) leader of armies (Odin)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:non:Óðinn

#### Derived terms

* herjanskerling f (“darling of Herjann; a hag”)
* herjanssonr m (“son of Herjann; a wretch”)

#### Related terms

* herr m (“army”)

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: Herjann
* Norwegian Nynorsk: Herjan

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “Herjann”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 194; also available at the [https://archive.org/stream/concisedictionar001857
* page/194 Internet Archive]
# Wawrzyn
## Polish
### Etymology

From wawrzyn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvav.ʐɘn/
* Rhymes: -avʐɘn
* Syllabification: Waw‧rzyn
* Homophone: wawrzyn

### Proper noun

Wawrzyn m pers
* a male given name, equivalent to English Laurence

#### Derived terms

* Wawrzyniec

#### Related terms

* wawrzynkowaty
* wawrzynowaty
* wawrzynowy
* wawrzyn
* wawrzynek

### Further reading

* Wawrzyn in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* “Wawrzyn”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022
# hreifi
## Old Norse
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

hreifi m (genitive hreifa, plural hreifar)
* wrist
* the hand and fingers
* seal's fin, flippers

#### Synonyms

* ulfliðr (wrist)

### Further reading

Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “hreifi”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
# Polak
## English
### Noun

Polak (plural Polaks)
* Alternative spelling of Polack

## Dutch
### Etymology

Ultimately from Polish Polak. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /poːˈlɑk/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Po‧lak
* Rhymes: -ɑk

### Proper noun

Polak
* a surname

## French
### Alternative forms

* Polack, polak, polaque

### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish Polak.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔ.lak/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Polak m (plural Polaks)
* (slang) Polack (person of Polish descent)
    Synonym: Polonais

## Polish
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pȍľe (“field”) +‎ -ak.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɔ.lak/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔlak
* Syllabification: Po‧lak
* Homophone: polak

### Noun

Polak m pers (female equivalent Polka)
* Pole

#### Related terms

* polski
* polsko
* Polska

#### Descendants

* → English: Polack
* → Danish: polak
* → Finnish: polakki
* → French: polaque
* → Italian: polacco
* → Norwegian: polakk
* → Portuguese: polaco
* → Spanish: polaco
* → Swedish: polack

### Proper noun

Polak m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Polak f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

#### Derived terms

* Polakowa
* Polakówna

### See also

* Appendix:Polish surnames

### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), Polak is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 13 times in scientific texts, 23 times in news, 17 times in essays, 21 times in fiction, and 15 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 89 times, making it the 714th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “Pole”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
* ↑ Kraitsir, C. V. (1837). The Poles in the United States of America: Preceded by the Earliest History of the Slavonians, and by the History of Poland. United States: Kiderlen and Stollmeyer, p. 64
* ↑ Kalman, B., Virágos, Z., Kálmán, B. (1978). The world of names : a study in Hungarian onomatology. Hungary: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 107
* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “Polak”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 395

### Further reading

* Polak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* Polak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# aronskelk
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of aron +‎ -s- +‎ kelk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaː.rɔnsˌkɛlk/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: arons‧kelk

### Noun

aronskelk m (plural aronskelken, diminutive aronskelkje n)
* arum, plant of the genus Arum
* arum lily, plant of the family Araceae

#### Derived terms

* gevlekte aronskelk
* reuzenaronskelk

### Further reading

* aronskelk on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# alkoholisoitua
## Finnish
### Etymology 1

From alkoholisoida +‎ -ua.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑlkoholisoi̯tuɑˣ/, [ˈɑ̝lko̞ˌho̞liˌs̠o̞i̯t̪uɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -oituɑ
* Hyphenation: al‧ko‧ho‧li‧soi‧tua

#### Verb

alkoholisoitua
* (intransitive) To become addicted to alcohol; to become an alcoholic.

##### Derived terms

* alkoholisoituminen

#### Further reading

* “alkoholisoitua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑlkoholisoi̯tuɑ/, [ˈɑ̝lko̞ˌho̞liˌs̠o̞i̯t̪uɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -oituɑ
* Hyphenation: al‧ko‧ho‧li‧soi‧tua

#### Verb

alkoholisoitua
* partitive singular of alkoholisoitu
# Świebodzin
## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɕfjɛˈbɔ.d͡ʑin/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔd͡ʑin
* Syllabification: Świe‧bo‧dzin

### Proper noun

Świebodzin m inan
* Świebodzin (a town in the Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland)

#### Derived terms

* świebodziński
* świebodzinianin
* świebodzinianka

### Further reading

* Świebodzin in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* Świebodzin in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# priming up
## English
### Verb

priming up
* present participle and gerund of prime up
# hwb
## Welsh
### Etymology

Variant form of hwp.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

hwb m or f (plural hybiau, not mutable)
* thrust, push, jog
    Synonyms: gwth, hergwd, ysgwd, ysgogiad
** attempt, effort
    Synonyms: cais, ymdrech
* check, restraint
    Synonyms: atalfa, rhwym, ffrwyn

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “hwb”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# proffered up
## English
### Verb

proffered up
* simple past and past participle of proffer up
# proved out
## English
### Verb

proved out
* simple past and past participle of prove out
# puddled up
## English
### Verb

puddled up
* simple past and past participle of puddle up
# акупунктура
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

According to RBE, directly a Latin compound of acus (“needle”) +‎ punctura (“pricking”). May be borrowed from a different European language and analyzed as an internationalism, or a learned borrowing from New Latin acūpūnctūra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐkopoŋkˈturɐ]
* Syllabification: а‧ку‧пун‧кту‧ра
* Hyphenation: аку‧пун‧кту‧ра

### Noun

акупункту́ра • (akupunktúra) f
* acupuncture

#### Derived terms

* акупресу́ра (akupresúra)

### References

* “акупунктура”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “акупунктура”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
* “акупунктура”, in Български тълковен речник [Bulgarian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), fourth edition, Sofia: Nauka i Izkustvo, 2005, page 22

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [akupuŋkˈtuɾa]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uɾa

### Noun

акупунктура • (akupunktura) f
* acupuncture

#### Declension
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐkʊpʊnkˈturə]

### Noun

акупункту́ра • (akupunktúra) f inan (genitive акупункту́ры, nominative plural акупункту́ры, genitive plural акупункту́р, relational adjective акупункту́рный)
* acupuncture
    Synonym: иглоука́лывание (igloukályvanije)

#### Declension
## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /akupunktǔːra/
* Hyphenation: а‧ку‧пунк‧ту‧ра

### Noun

акупункту́ра f (Latin spelling akupunktúra)
* acupuncture
# pulls about
## English
### Verb

pulls about
* third-person singular simple present indicative of pull about