# mullach
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish mullach.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /mˠəˈl̪ˠɑx/
* (Connacht) IPA: /ˈmˠʊl̪ˠəx/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈmˠʌl̪ˠa(x)/

### Noun

mullach m (genitive singular mullaigh, nominative plural mullaí)
* top
* crown (topmost part of the head)
    Synonym: baithis
* (geology) eminence (elevated land area or hill)
* ridge (highest point on a roof)
* summit (top of a mountain)

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
mullach
mullaí
vocative
a mhullaigh
a mhullaí
genitive
mullaigh
mullaí
dative
mullach
mullaí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an mullach
na mullaí
genitive
an mhullaigh
na mullaí
dative
leis an mullach don mhullach
leis na mullaí :

#### Derived terms

* anuas sa mhullach ar (“down on, severe on”)
* dlaoi mhullaigh
* isteach sa mhullach ar (“crowding in upon”)
* sa mhullach ar (“on top of, upon”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 17, page 11

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “mullach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “mullaċ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 502
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “mullach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “mullach”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “mullach”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Old Irish
### Etymology

DIL assumes this to be mul (“lump, heap”) +‎ -ach, but the lack of lenition on the l is unexplainable if this route is taken.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmul͈əx/

### Noun

mullach m
* top
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 58$^c$4
    di mulluch int slebefrom the top of the mountain
** c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 72, pages 115-179:Iarsin trosc[ud] tanaise ro·tuit in tenid co rro·loisc hé o mulluch co talmin.After [Máel Ruain's] second fasting, fire came down [on the king] and burnt [the king] from head to toe.

#### Inflection

Masculine o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | mullach | mullach$^L$ | mullaig$^L$ |
| Vocative | mullaig | mullach$^L$ | mullachu$^H$ |
| Accusative | mullach$^N$ | mullach$^L$ | mullachu$^H$ |
| Genitive | mullaig$^L$ | mullach | mullach$^N$ |
| Dative | mulluch$^L$ | mullachaib | mullachaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Descendants

* Irish: mullach
* Scottish Gaelic: mullach

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “mullach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish mullach.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmul̪ˠəx/

### Noun

mullach m (genitive singular mullaich, plural mullaichean)
* top
* crest, ridge, summit, peak
* roof
* ceiling
* lid
* crown
* upland, height

#### Synonyms

* ceann
* (lid): faircill

#### Derived terms

* seòmar-mullaich
* uinneag mullaich