# -isa
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-isa, possibly from Proto-Uralic. Related to Estonian -s (such as in jõudus (gen. jõudsa) ~ joutuisa), Ingrian -isa, Votic -sõ.

### Suffix

-isa (front vowel harmony variant -isä, linguistic notation -isA)
* A suffix for making adjectives from some nouns and verbs.
    ‎kaiku (“echo”) + ‎-isa → ‎kaikuisa (“reverberant”)
    ‎myrsky (“storm”) + ‎-isa → ‎myrskyisä (“stormy”)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of -isa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-isani
-isani
accusative
nom.
-isani
-isani
gen.
-isani
genitive
-isani
-isieni -isaini $^{rare}$
partitive
-isaani
-isiani
inessive
-isassani
-isissani
elative
-isastani
-isistani
illative
-isaani
-isiini
adessive
-isallani
-isillani
ablative
-isaltani
-isiltani
allative
-isalleni
-isilleni
essive
-isanani
-isinani
translative
-isakseni
-isikseni
abessive
-isattani
-isittani
instructive
comitative
—-isineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-isasi
-isasi
accusative
nom.
-isasi
-isasi
gen.
-isasi
genitive
-isasi
-isiesi -isaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
-isaasi
-isiasi
inessive
-isassasi
-isissasi
elative
-isastasi
-isistasi
illative
-isaasi
-isiisi
adessive
-isallasi
-isillasi
ablative
-isaltasi
-isiltasi
allative
-isallesi
-isillesi
essive
-isanasi
-isinasi
translative
-isaksesi
-isiksesi
abessive
-isattasi
-isittasi
instructive
comitative
—-isinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-isamme
-isamme
accusative
nom.
-isamme
-isamme
gen.
-isamme
genitive
-isamme
-isiemme -isaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
-isaamme
-isiamme
inessive
-isassamme
-isissamme
elative
-isastamme
-isistamme
illative
-isaamme
-isiimme
adessive
-isallamme
-isillamme
ablative
-isaltamme
-isiltamme
allative
-isallemme
-isillemme
essive
-isanamme
-isinamme
translative
-isaksemme
-isiksemme
abessive
-isattamme
-isittamme
instructive
comitative
—-isinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-isanne
-isanne
accusative
nom.
-isanne
-isanne
gen.
-isanne
genitive
-isanne
-isienne -isainne $^{rare}$
partitive
-isaanne
-isianne
inessive
-isassanne
-isissanne
elative
-isastanne
-isistanne
illative
-isaanne
-isiinne
adessive
-isallanne
-isillanne
ablative
-isaltanne
-isiltanne
allative
-isallenne
-isillenne
essive
-isananne
-isinanne
translative
-isaksenne
-isiksenne
abessive
-isattanne
-isittanne
instructive
comitative
—-isinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-isansa
-isansa
accusative
nom.
-isansa
-isansa
gen.
-isansa
genitive
-isansa
-isiensa -isainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
-isaansa
-isiaan -isiansa
inessive
-isassaan -isassansa
-isissaan -isissansa
elative
-isastaan -isastansa
-isistaan -isistansa
illative
-isaansa
-isiinsa
adessive
-isallaan -isallansa
-isillaan -isillansa
ablative
-isaltaan -isaltansa
-isiltaan -isiltansa
allative
-isalleen -isallensa
-isilleen -isillensa
essive
-isanaan -isanansa
-isinaan -isinansa
translative
-isakseen -isaksensa
-isikseen -isiksensa
abessive
-isattaan -isattansa
-isittaan -isittansa
instructive
comitative
—-isineen -isinensa :

#### Synonyms

* -kas

#### Derived terms

* -iso

### Anagrams

* -ias, ais, sai

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-isa. Cognates include Finnish -isa and Estonian -s.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /-isɑ/, [-is̠ɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /-isɑ/, [-iʒ̥ɑ]

### Suffix

-isa (front vowel variant -isä)
* Used to form adjectives denoting an abundance of the suffixed noun.
    ‎maku (“taste”) + ‎-isa → ‎makuisa (“tasty”)
* Used to form adjectives denoting having undergone the action of the suffixed verb.
    ‎kuulua (“to be heard”) + ‎-isa → ‎kuuluisa (“famous”)

#### See also

* -kas

## Kongo
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

### Suffix

-isa
* Form causative verbs

## Phuthi
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

### Suffix

-isa
* Forms causative verbs.

#### Usage notes

The variant form -îsa is used with stems containing superclose vowels.

#### Derived terms
## Southern Ndebele
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

### Suffix

-isa
* Forms causative verbs.

#### Derived terms
## Swazi
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

### Suffix

-isa
* Forms causative verbs.

#### Derived terms
## Xhosa
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

### Suffix

-isa
* Forms causative verbs.

#### Derived terms
## Zulu
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

### Suffix

-isa
* Forms causative verbs.

#### Derived terms
### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-isa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-isa”