OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# bratach
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* brat

### Etymology

From Old Irish brattach (“banner, standard”).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Aran) IPA: /ˈbˠɾˠɑt̪ˠəx/
* (Connemara, Mayo) IPA: /ˈbˠɾˠat̪ˠəx/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈbˠɾˠat̪ˠa(h)/

### Noun

bratach f (genitive singular brataí, nominative plural bratacha)
* flag

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
bratach
bratacha
vocative
a bhratach
a bhratacha
genitive
brataí
bratach
dative
bratach brataigh (archaic, dialectal)
bratacha
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an bhratach
na bratacha
genitive
na brataí
na mbratach
dative
leis an mbratach leis an mbrataigh (archaic, dialectal) don bhratach don bhrataigh (archaic, dialectal)
leis na bratacha :

#### Derived terms

* bratach Bhríde (“(piece of cloth representing) St. Brigid’s mantle”)
* bratach bogha báistí (“rainbow flag”)
* crann brataí (“flag-pole”)
* croitheadh bratach (“flag-waving”)
* iompróir brataí (“flag-bearer”)
* ribeog bhrataí (“banderole”)
* slat bhrataí (“jack-staff”)

#### Related terms

* brat

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bratach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “bratach”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 49
* “bratach”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish brattach (“banner, standard”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɾaht̪əx/

### Noun

bratach f (genitive singular brataich, plural brataichean)
* flag, banner

#### Derived terms

* bratach na croise (“saltire”)

#### Related terms

* brat

#### Descendants

* → English: brattach

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# inelegible
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ineleˈxible/ [i.ne.leˈxi.β̞le]
* Rhymes: -ible
* Syllabification: i‧ne‧le‧gi‧ble

### Adjective

inelegible m or f (masculine and feminine plural inelegibles)
* ineligible
** 2015 October 5, “El giro a la izquierda del laborismo impulsa a los ‘tories’ al centro”, in El País‎:La perspectiva de una oposición inelegible abre dos opciones: perseguir el legado o la permanencia.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* inelegibilidad

### Further reading

* “inelegible”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# pēstyr
## Baltic Romani
### Alternative forms

* pestyr

### Pronoun

pēstyr
* (Litovska) ablative of pes

#### Declension

* ↑ The ablative is in decline in Lithuanian Romani
# aksamitnik
## Polish
### Etymology

From aksamit +‎ -nik. First attested in 1772.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ak.saˈmit.ɲik/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -itɲik
* Syllabification: ak‧sa‧mit‧nik

### Noun

aksamitnik m pers
* (archaic) craftsman that makes furniture from velvet
    Hypernym: rzemieślnik

#### Related terms

* aksamitny
* aksamitnie
* aksamit
* aksamitek
* aksamitka
* aksamitność
* aksamitowiec
* aksamicić
* wyaksamitnić

### References

* ↑ Michał Abraham Trotz, Stanisław Moszczeński (1772) Vollständiges Deutsches und Polnisches Wörter-Buch: welches die gebräuchlichsten Wörter und Redens-Arten, auch vornehmsten Kunst- und Handwerks-Wörter enthält‎ (in Polish), page 1926

### Further reading

* aksamitnik in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “aksamitnik”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
# birthless
## English
### Etymology

From birth +‎ -less.

### Adjective

birthless (comparative more birthless, superlative most birthless)
* Without a birth or births.
* (archaic) Of mean extraction; low-born.
** 1822, [Walter Scott], The Pirate. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:the daughters of Magnus Troil were patiently awaiting the choice of the nameless and birthless stranger

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “without a birth”): deathless, immortal
* (antonym(s) of “low-born”): noble, high-born

#### Derived terms

* birthlessness
# cosmetology
## English
### Etymology

From French cosmétologie. By surface analysis, cosmetics +‎ -ology.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

cosmetology (uncountable)
* The science of cosmetics.
* The profession of a cosmetologist or beautician.
** 2017 December 23, Candace Jackson, “Who Wants to Buy the Most Expensive House in America?”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:While still in high school, Mr. Niami took night classes to get his cosmetology license, then learned how to do special-effects prosthetics for horror films.

#### Derived terms

* cosmetological

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ “cosmetology, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
# angtod
## Bikol Central
### Alternative forms

* antod

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔaŋˈtod/ [ʔan̪ˈtod̪]
* Hyphenation: ang‧tod

### Noun

angtód (Basahan spelling ᜀᜅ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)
* odor of anything getting burned

#### Derived terms

* maangtod
* mag-angtod

#### See also

* anghit
* bangsod

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Compare angso, anso or anghit.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ang‧tod
* IPA: /ˈʔaŋtod/ [ˈʔaŋ.t̪od̪]

### Noun

angtod
* the burning smell of rice
* burning smell

#### Synonyms

* antod
# opracovat
## Czech
### Etymology

From o- +‎ pracovat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈoprat͡sovat]

### Verb

opracovat pf (imperfective opracovávat)
* (transitive) to work, shape, form (material)

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | opracovat, opracovati | Active adjective | opracovavší |
| Verbal noun | opracování | Passive adjective | opracovaný |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | opracuji, opracuju (coll.) | opracujeme | — | opracujme |
| 2nd person | opracuješ | opracujete | opracuj | opracujte |
| 3rd person | opracuje | opracují, opracujou (coll.) | — | — |
* The verb opracovat does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | opracoval | opracovali | opracován | opracováni |
| masculine inanimate | opracoval | opracovaly | opracován | opracovány |
| feminine | opracovala | opracovaly | opracována | opracovány |
| neuter | opracovalo | opracovala | opracováno | opracována |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | — | opracovav |
| feminine + neuter singular | — | opracovavši |
| plural | — | opracovavše |

#### Related terms

* pracovat

### Further reading

* “opracovati”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “opracovati”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “opracovat”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# bezsilnikowy
## Polish
### Etymology

From bez- +‎ silnikowy. First attested in 1922.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛs.ɕil.ɲiˈkɔ.vɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
* Syllabification: bez‧sil‧ni‧ko‧wy

### Adjective

bezsilnikowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (mechanical engineering) engineless

#### Related terms

* silnik

### References

* ↑ Program pierwszego lotu okrężnego Warszawa-Lwów-Kraków-Poznań-Warszawa w dn. 9 i 10 września‎, J. Miller, 1922, page 2: “Niemieckie loty bezsilnikowe.”
* ↑ bezsilnikowy in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

### Further reading

* bezsilnikowy in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* bezsilnikowy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# discombobulated
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Verb

discombobulated
* simple past and past participle of discombobulate

### Adjective

discombobulated (comparative more discombobulated, superlative most discombobulated)
* (informal) Confused, embarrassed, upset.
    After months of preparation for a new sign ordinance, the Planning Commission appeared discombobulated over the idea of adopting the new regulations when confronted by a few members of the public.
* (informal) Broken, mixed up.

#### Derived terms

* discombobulatedly
# pēsa
## Baltic Romani
### Alternative forms

* pesa

### Pronoun

pēsa
* (Litovska) instrumental of pes

#### Declension

* ↑ The ablative is in decline in Lithuanian Romani
# cawk
## English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

cawk (countable and uncountable, plural cawks)
* Alternative form of cauk

##### Derived terms

* cawky

#### Further reading

* David Barthelmy (1997–2025) “Cawk”, in Webmineral Mineralogy Database.
* “cawk”, in Mindat.org‎, Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, 2000–2025.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

cawk (plural cawks)
* (slang, Canada, US) Pronunciation spelling of cock (in the sense of penis).

### Anagrams

* Wack, wack
# substituoida
## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English substitute), ultimately from Latin substituō and adapted with the verbal suffix +‎ -oida.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsub.stituoi̯dɑˣ/, [ˈs̠ub.s̠tiˌt̪uo̞i̯dɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -oidɑ
* Hyphenation: sub‧stitu‧oi‧da, subs‧ti‧tu‧oi‧da

### Verb

substituoida
* (transitive) To substitute.

#### Derived terms

* substituoitua

### Further reading

* “substituoida”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# šlacha
## Czech
### Etymology

Probably derived from German Flechse (“sinew”). Displaced Old Czech svaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃlaxa]

### Noun

šlacha f
* tendon

#### Derived terms

* šlachovitý

### References

* ↑ Václav Machek (1968) “šlacha”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 616

### Further reading

* “šlacha”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “šlacha”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “šlacha”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# dekomunizacyjny
## Polish
### Etymology

From dekomunizacja +‎ -ny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɛ.kɔ.mu.ɲi.zaˈt͡sɘj.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘjnɘ
* Syllabification: de‧ko‧mu‧ni‧za‧cyj‧ny

### Adjective

dekomunizacyjny (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (politics, relational) decommunization

#### Related terms

* anarchokomunistyczny
* antykomunistyczny
* komunistyczny
* komuszy
* komunistycznie
* anarchokomunizm
* antykomunista
* antykomunistka
* antykomunizm
* dekomunizacja
* komuch
* komuna
* komunista
* komunistka
* komunizacja
* komunizm
* komuszka
* dekomunizować
* komunizować
* komuszyć
* skomunizować
* zdekomunizować

### Further reading

* dekomunizacyjny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* dekomunizacyjny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# tricarboxylic
## English
### Etymology

From tri- +‎ carboxylic.

### Adjective

tricarboxylic (not comparable)
* (organic chemistry) Having three carboxylic groups

#### Derived terms

* tricarboxylic acid
# extorquir
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin extorquēre.

### Verb

extorquir (first-person singular present extorqueixo, first-person singular preterite extorquí, past participle extorquit)
* (transitive, archaic) to impose by force
* (transitive) to extort
    Synonym: extorsionar

#### Related terms

* extorsió

### Further reading

* “extorquir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin extorquēre. Compare estorcer < V. Latin *extorcere.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /is.toʁˈki(ʁ)/ [is.tohˈki(h)], /es.toʁˈki(ʁ)/ [es.tohˈki(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /is.toʁˈki(ʁ)/ [is.tohˈki(h)], /es.toʁˈki(ʁ)/ [es.tohˈki(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /is.toɾˈki(ɾ)/, /es.toɾˈki(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʃ.toʁˈki(ʁ)/ [iʃ.toχˈki(χ)], /eʃ.toʁˈki(ʁ)/ [eʃ.toχˈki(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /es.toɻˈki(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.tuɾˈkiɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.tuɾˈkiɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.tuɾˈki.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: ex‧tor‧quir

### Verb

extorquir (no first-person singular present, no present subjunctive, third-person singular present extorque, first-person singular preterite extorqui, past participle extorquido) (Brazil) extorquir (first-person singular present exturco, third-person singular present extorque or exturque, first-person singular preterite extorqui, past participle extorquido) (Portugal)
* (transitive) to extort

#### Related terms

* extorsão
* extorsionário
* extorsionista
# vytrvalý
## Czech
### Etymology

From vytrvat +‎ -lý.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɪtr̩valiː]

### Adjective

vytrvalý (comparative vytrvalejší, superlative nejvytrvalejší, adverb vytrvale)
* persistent
    vytrvalý déšť ― persistent rain
* perseverant

#### Derived terms

* vytrvalost

### Further reading

* “vytrvalý”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “vytrvalý”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “vytrvalý”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# vodopádik
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɔdɔpaːɟik]

### Noun

vodopádik m inan
* (expressive) diminutive of vodopád

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “vodopádik”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# chùtkòsc
## Kashubian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxwut.kwɛst͡s/
* Rhymes: -utkwɛst͡s
* Syllabification: chùt‧kòsc

### Noun

chùtkòsc f
* speed, velocity, rapidity

#### Derived terms

* chùtczi
* chùtkò

### Further reading

* Jan Trepczyk (1994) “prędkość”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “prędkość”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
* “chùtkòsc”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
# zwijmen
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch swimen, from Old Dutch *swīman, from Proto-West Germanic *swīman, from Proto-Germanic *swīmaną (“to sway, to swoon”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzʋɛi̯mə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: zwij‧men
* Rhymes: -ɛi̯mən

### Verb

zwijmen
* (intransitive) to faint, to swoon
    Synonym: bezwijmen
* (intransitive) to lose strength, to collapse
    Synonym: bezwijken

#### Derived terms

* bezwijmen
* heenzwijmen
* verzwijmen
* wegzwijmen
* zwijmelen

#### Related terms

* zwijm
# algological
## English
### Adjective

algological (not comparable)
* (botany) Of or pertaining to algology (the study of algae).
    Synonym: phycological

#### Derived terms

* algologically
# mastozoología
## Spanish
### Noun

mastozoología f (plural mastozoologías)
* mammalogy
    Synonyms: teriología, mamiferología, mamalogía

#### Related terms

* mastozoológico

### Further reading

* “mastozoología”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# abarbar
## Occitan
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin barba (“beard”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Verb

abarbar
* to take root; to enroot

#### Conjugation
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From a- +‎ barba +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /a.baʁˈba(ʁ)/ [a.baɦˈba(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /a.baʁˈba(ʁ)/ [a.baɦˈba(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /a.baɾˈba(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /a.baʁˈba(ʁ)/ [a.baʁˈba(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /a.baɻˈba(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.bɐɾˈbaɾ/ [ɐ.βɐɾˈβaɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.bɐɾˈbaɾ/ [ɐ.βɐɾˈβaɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.bɐɾˈba.ɾi/ [ɐ.βɐɾˈβa.ɾi]
* Rhymes: -aʁ, -aɾ
* Hyphenation: a‧bar‧bar

### Verb

abarbar (first-person singular present abarbo, first-person singular preterite abarbei, past participle abarbado)
* (transitive) to touch with the beard
* (transitive) to put at the same height
* (transitive) to match
* (transitive) to resist to
* (transitive) to overwhelm
* (reflexive) to overload
* (reflexive) to lean against; come
* (reflexive) to equal in height

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

### Further reading

* “abarbar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “abarbar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

### Anagrams

* barbará
# Mazowsze
## Polish
### Etymology

From a Lechitic word.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maˈzɔf.ʂɛ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔfʂɛ
* Syllabification: Ma‧zow‧sze

### Proper noun

Mazowsze n
* Masovia (a region of Poland)

#### Derived terms

* mazowiecki
* Mazowszanin
* Mazowszanka

### Further reading

* Mazowsze in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* Mazowsze in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# atmosphereless
## English
### Etymology

From atmosphere +‎ -less.

### Adjective

atmosphereless (not comparable)
* Lacking an atmosphere.

#### Derived terms

* atmospherelessness
# проплакивати
## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /proplakǐːʋati/
* Hyphenation: про‧пла‧ки‧ва‧ти

### Verb

проплаки́вати impf (Latin spelling proplakívati)
* (intransitive) to start weeping, start crying

#### Related terms

* про̀плакати pf

### Further reading

* “проплакивати”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
# kletteren
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compare klateren. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

kletteren
* to clatter, rattle

#### Derived terms

* gekletter
# palainom
## Cebuano
### Etymology

From pala- +‎ inom.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: pa‧la‧i‧nom
* IPA: /palaˈʔinom/ [pɐ.l̪ɐˈʔi.n̪om]

### Noun

palaínom (Badlit spelling ᜉᜎᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔)
* drunkard, alcoholic
    Synonyms: palahubog, hinginom

#### Derived terms

* kapalainom
* magpalainom
* palainoma

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From pala- +‎ inom.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /palaʔiˈnom/ [pɐ.lɐ.ʔɪˈn̪om]
* Rhymes: -om
* Syllabification: pa‧la‧i‧nom

### Adjective

palainóm (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜎᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔)
* having the characteristics of a drunkard

### Noun

palainóm (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜎᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔)
* drunkard; alcoholic
    Synonyms: lasenggero, lasenggo, maglalasing, manginginom
# brewer
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English brewere; cognate with Dutch brouwer, Swedish bryggare.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈbɹuː.ə(ɹ)/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːə(ɹ)

### Noun

brewer (plural brewers)
* Someone who brews, or whose occupation is to prepare malt liquors.
** 2006, Edwin Black, chapter 2, in Internal Combustion‎:But through the oligopoly, charcoal fuel proliferated throughout London's trades and industries. By the 1200s, brewers and bakers, tilemakers, glassblowers, pottery producers, and a range of other craftsmen all became hour-to-hour consumers of charcoal.

#### Derived terms

* breweress
* brewer's droop
* homebrewer
* macrobrewer
* microbrewer
* nanobrewer
* underbrewer

#### Translations
### See also

* homebrewed

### Anagrams

* Werber, rebrew

## Middle English
### Noun

brewer
* Alternative form of brewere
# espinoso
## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish espinoso, from Latin spīnōsus, or from espina +‎ -oso.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /espiˈnoso/ [es.piˈno.so]
* Audio (Argentina):(file)
* Rhymes: -oso
* Syllabification: es‧pi‧no‧so

### Adjective

espinoso (feminine espinosa, masculine plural espinosos, feminine plural espinosas)
* spiny, thorny
    Synonyms: espinudo, espinado
* dangerous
* arduous

#### Derived terms

* carrasco espinoso
* junco espinoso
* pato espinoso
* sapo espinoso

#### Related terms

* espina
* espinazo

### Noun

espinoso m (plural espinosos)
* stickleback

### Further reading

* “espinoso”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# clonotypic
## English
### Etymology

From clonotype +‎ -ic.

### Adjective

clonotypic (comparative more clonotypic, superlative most clonotypic)
* Of or pertaining to a clonotype

#### Derived terms

* anticlonotypic
* nonclonotypic
# rasplakivati
## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rasplakǐːʋati/
* Hyphenation: ras‧pla‧ki‧va‧ti

### Verb

rasplakívati impf (Cyrillic spelling расплаки́вати)
* (transitive) to make someone cry
* (reflexive) to break into tears

#### Related terms

* ràsplakati pf

### Further reading

* “rasplakivati”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
# aksjologia
## Polish
### Etymology

Internationalism; compare English axiology, French axiologie, German Axiologie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἄξιος (áxios) +‎ -logia. First attested in 1902.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ak.sjɔˈlɔ.ɡja/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔɡja
* Syllabification: ak‧sjo‧lo‧gia

### Noun

aksjologia f
* (uncountable, philosophy) axiology (branch of philosophy that studies the origin, nature, functions, types, and interrelations of values)
    aksjologią turystyki ― axiology of tourism
    aksjologia prawa ― axiology of law
* (countable) axiology (particular value theory of a philosopher, school of thought, etc.)

#### Derived terms

* aksjologiczny

#### Related terms

* aksjologicznie

### References

* ↑ Towarzystwo Literackie imienia Adama Mickiewicza, Instytut Badań Literackich (1902) Pamiętnik literacki, Volume 94, Issues 1–2‎, Zakład im. Ossolińskich, page 142
* ↑ aksjologia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

### Further reading

* aksjologia in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* aksjologia in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Gwiazdka
## Polish
### Etymology

From gwiazdka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡvjast.ka/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) IPA: /ˈɡvjas.tka/
* Rhymes: -astka
* Syllabification: Gwiazd‧ka
* Homophone: gwiazdka

### Proper noun

Gwiazdka f (related adjective gwiazdkowy)
* (Christianity, colloquial or dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń) Christmas (festival and holiday commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ and incorporating various Christian, pre-Christian, pagan, and secular customs, which is celebrated on December 25 in most places)
    Synonym: Boże Narodzenie
    Hypernym: święta
* (Christianity, colloquial or dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń) Christmas Eve (evening before Christmas Day)
    Synonym: Wigilia
* (Christianity, colloquial) Christmas Eve (day before Christmas Day)
    Synonym: Wigilia

#### Derived terms

* gwiazdorski
* gwiazdowy
* gwiezdny
* gwiazda
* gwiazdeczka
* gwiazdka
* gwiazdka z nieba
* gwiazdor
* Gwiazdor
* gwiazdorka
* gwiazdorstwo
* gwiazdorzyć impf

### Further reading

* Gwiazdka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Antoni Krasnowolski (1879) “Gwiazdka”, in Album uczącéj się młodzieży polskiéj poświęcone Józefowi Ignacemu Kraszewskiemu z powodu jubileuszu jego pięćdziesięcioletniéj działalności literackiéj (in Polish), Lviv: Czytelni Akademickiéj Lwowskiéj; "Gaz. Narod." J. Dobrzańskiego i K. Gromana, Słowniczek prowincjalizmów zebranych w ziemi chełmińskiej i świeckiej, page 302