# Cisalpine
## English
### Etymology

The adjective is derived from cisalpine (“on this side of the Alps (chiefly the south side where Rome is located)”). Sense 2 (“of or pertaining to cisalpinism”) was popularized by the Cisalpine Club which was founded in England in 1792.
The noun is derived from the adjective.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /sɪsˈælpaɪn/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˌsɪsˈælpaɪn/
* Hyphenation: Cis‧alp‧ine

### Adjective

Cisalpine (not comparable) (Roman Catholicism, historical)
* Synonym of Gallican (“of or pertaining to Gallicanism (“the doctrine that the church of France is autonomous, especially in relation to the pope”)”)
    Antonym: ultramontane
** 1821, Charles Butler, “The English Jesuits—Father [Robert] Persons”, in Additions to the Historical Memoirs Respecting the English, Irish, and Scottish Catholics, from the Reformation to the Present Time, volume III, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, footnote *, page 157:They [volume XIII of the works of Henri François d'Aguesseau] shew the conflict between the cisalpine and transalpine opinions on papal power, so late as the reign of Lewis XIV, and the great difficulty, by which, even at that period, the former obtained the ascendant.
** 1845 June, “Art. IV.—1. Revelations of Spain, in 1845. By an English Resident, 2 vols. 8vo. London: 1845. Colburn. […] [book reviews]”, in The Dublin Review, volume XVIII, number XXXVI, London; Dublin: Thomas Richardson and Son [et al.], →OCLC, page 403:[N]ot being swayed by the spirit of either the ultramontane or the cisalpine school, by impracticable philosophical Jansenism, by abominable, gross, and hypocritical Jesuitism, nor by a collection of irrelevant doctrines based on contested principles, let us fix the following ones, which are essential......
** 1923 October–December, Leonard Penlock, “Cardinal Pole and His Friends at Padua”, in The Dublin Review, volume 173, number 347, London: Burns Oates & Washbourne, →OCLC, page 210:Within the first decades of the Sixteenth Century the University of Padua had secured a primacy in Europe which was to last for close upon three hundred years. […] [T]he academic pilgrimage, […] had become a daily, crowded transaction, in which the newcomers, no longer strangers and pilgrims, but fellow-citizens indeed, met the Cisalpine students on equal terms. As jurists or artists they were incorporated according to their place of origin into one or other of the Ultramontane "nations," each of which possessed its statutory rights and customs and shared in the administration of university business and in the privileges which the City-Commune was always eager to bestow.
** 1945 August 26, Norman B. Godfrey, “Letters [Cisalpine Catholicism]”, in Clifford P[helps] Morehouse, editor, The Living Church: A Weekly Record of the News, the Work, and the Thought of the Episcopal Church, volume CXI, number 9, Milwaukee, Wis.: Morehouse-Gorham Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 2:One of the best arguments for the Anglican position can be found in Gallican or Cisalpine Catholicism, whose roots go back to Roman Gaul but whose branches stem from the Port-Royal movement of the 17th century.
** 2014, Nicholas W. Youmans, “Non sic erit inter frateres. Internal Structures of Obedience in Early Minorite Relational Constructs”, in Mirko Breitenstein, Julia Burkhardt, Stefan Burkhardt, Jens Röhrkasten, editors, Rules and Observance: Devising Forms of Communal Life (Vita Regularis: Ordnungen und Deutungen religiosen Lebens im Mittelalter [Ordered Life: Orders and Interpretations of Religious Life in the Middle Ages]; treatise 60), Berlin: LIT Verlag, →ISBN, part I (Creation of Norms), page 35:[T]he "Constitutions of Narbonne" […] detailed further measures for governance in a collegial spirit by establishing a fixed triennial interval for the convening of general chapters and instated alternating locations for chapter meetings, oscillating between cisalpine and ultramontane provinces.
* (UK) Of or pertaining to cisalpinism (“a movement in 18th–19th century Britain among Roman Catholics which took the view that allegiance to the Crown was compatible with allegiance to the pope, and that Roman Catholics should be emancipated from various legal restrictions”).
    Antonym: ultramontane
** 1824, Francis Plowden, “Of Tithes and Other Church Property”, in Human Subordination: Being an Elementary Disquisition Concerning the Civil and Spiritual Power and Authority, to which the Creator Requires the Submission of Every Human Being. […], Paris: Printed by J. Smith, […], and published by W[illiam] Simpkin and R[ichard] Marshall, […], →OCLC, page 72:In pointing to some of these excesses on both sides, I have it not in contemplation to canvass, argue or even to refute errors either ultramontane or cisalpine, but merely to secure to myself a tenable position, […]
** 1936 May, Joscelyne Lechmere, “A Great Catholic Historian. John, Cardinal Lingard, 1771–1851”, in The Ecclesiastical Review: Monthly Publication for the Clergy, volume IV (10th series; volume XCIV overall), number 5, Philadelphia, Pa.: Board of Trustees of the American Ecclesiastical Review for the Catholic University of America, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 474:Lord Stourton [i.e., Charles Stourton, 17th Baron Stourton] had declined to join the Cisalpine Club, which consisted of men opposed to what they considered the excessive claims of an ultramontane section, but he remained a supporter of the views held by the dissolved Catholic Committee; […]
* Alternative letter-case form of cisalpine (“on this side of the Alps (chiefly the south side where Rome is located)”)
    Antonym: transalpine
** 1879, James Anthony Froude, chapter XXI, in Cæsar: A Sketch, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 356:Cæsar had by this time nearly 30,000 men. The Cisalpine territories in mere enthusiasm had raised twenty-two cohorts for him.
** 1927, José-Maria de Heredia, “Villula”, in Merle St. Croix Wright, transl., Translations from José-Maria de Heredia, New York, N.Y.: Harold Vinal, →OCLC, page 49:Yes, 'tis old Gallus owns the heritage / Seen on the side of yon Cisalpine slope; / The homestead with the spreading pine for cope, / The thatched roof covers but a single stage.
** 2018, Carolynn E[lizabeth] Roncaglia, “The Roman Conquest”, in Northern Italy in the Roman World: From the Bronze Age to Late Antiquity, Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, Part I (The Creation of Northern Italy), page 23:The antiquarian [Marcus Terentius] Varro, quoting Cato [the Elder], says that the Insubres grew pigs so fat that they could barely stand, and both Polybius and Strabo say that Cisalpine pork fed all Italy. Strabo further says […] that the viticulture there was so prosperous that Cisalpine wine casks were as big as houses.

#### Alternative forms

* cisalpine

#### Derived terms

* Cisalpine Gaul

### Noun

Cisalpine (plural Cisalpines) (Roman Catholicism, historical)
* Synonym of Gallican (“an adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism”)
* (UK) In 18th–19th century Britain, a Roman Catholic opponent of ultramontanism and advocate of Catholic emancipation through compromise and obedience to secular authorities.
** 1897, Wilfrid Ward, The Life and Times of Cardinal Wiseman, 2nd edition, volume 1, page 203, note 1:Some of the Cisalpines carried their opposition to the monastic orders so far as to be very unfriendly to the French émigrées nuns, for whose expulsion from England Sir J. Mildmay introduced a Bill in 1800.
** 1992, D[enis] G. Paz, Popular Anti-Catholicism in Mid-Victorian England, →ISBN, page 83:But the Cisalpines began to be overshadowed by the ultramontane spirit in the 1830s, and it was not until after the Second Vatican Council a hundred and thirty years later that English Roman Catholics again asked themselves whether they were primarily English or primarily Roman.
** 2013, Francis Young, English Catholics and the Supernatural, 1553–1829‎, →ISBN:Just as with the Blackloists and Jansenists (and perhaps even more so), suspicion of the supernatural came to characterize the Cisalpines, although this time it had little to do with their doctrine of grace and more to do with the Cisalpines’ desire to make Catholicism comprehensible to a sceptical age.

#### See also

* Blackloist

### Further reading

* cisalpinism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia