# ḥrt
## Egyptian
### Etymology 1

ḥr (“upon, atop”) +‎ -t (feminine nisba ending), thus ‘(the one) being atop’. Some early writings of the sense ‘sky’ use determinatives that perhaps instead suggest a connection with the verb ḥrj (“to be distant”).

#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /hɛrɛt/
** Conventional anglicization: heret

#### Adjective

* feminine singular of ḥrj

##### Derived terms

* jn-ḥrt
* ḥrt-pr

#### Noun

f
* sky [since the Pyramid Texts]
    Synonyms: pt, nwt
* sky as the dwelling-place of gods and the dead king
* (figuratively, with following genitive) temple, earthly dwelling-place (of a god) [Greco-Roman Period]
* temple roof [Greco-Roman Period]
* upper side, upper surface [Medical papyri]

##### Usage notes

In the Late Period this word is often found in the dual with unchanged meaning.

##### Alternative forms

| ḥrt | ḥrt | ḥrt | ḥrt | ḥrt | ḥrj | ḥrj |
| [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [since the end of the New Kingdom] | [since the end of the New Kingdom] |

##### Derived terms

* m ḥrt
* n ḥrt
* ḥrtj

#### Noun

f
* (female) supervisor, boss (+ genitive: of (wet nurses, harem women, a household, etc.)) [since the Middle Kingdom]
* epithet for the queen [18th Dynasty]
* epithet for the goddess Isis [Greco-Roman Period]

##### Alternative forms

ḥrt :
[since the Middle Kingdom] :

##### Derived terms

* ḥrt-pr

#### Noun

f
* inundation of the Nile [Greco-Roman Period]
* water in general [Greco-Roman Period]

##### Alternative forms

| ḥrt | ḥrt |

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /hɛrɛt/
** Conventional anglicization: heret

#### Noun

f
* rock-cut tomb [since the Middle Kingdom]
    Synonyms: jz, ḥꜣt, mꜥḥꜥt
* particularly, one of the rock-cut royal tombs of the New Kingdom, such as those at the Valley of the Kings [since the New Kingdom]
* necropolis (of a particular city) [since the Middle Kingdom]
* afterworld, realm of the dead [Theban royal tombs]

##### Alternative forms

| ḥrt | ḥrt | ḥrt | ḥrt | ḥrtt | ḥrtt | ḥrt | ḥrj |
| | [New Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] | [19th Dynasty] | [Late Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] |

### Etymology 3

ḥr (“Horus”) +‎ -t (feminine suffix).

#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /hɛrɛt/
** Conventional anglicization: horet

#### Proper noun

f
* female Horus, Horus-goddess, Horet
* epithet for Isis or Hathor
* conventional term introducing the serekh name of female pharaohs

##### Alternative forms

| ḥrt | ḥrt | ḥrt | ḥrt |
| | | as a term introducing the serekh name | as a term introducing the serekh name |

##### Derived terms

* ḥrt-nbw
* ḥrt-nḏt-jt.s

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /hɛrɛt/
** Conventional anglicization: heret

#### Noun

f
* (rare) road, path, specifically one by land as opposed to water [since the Pyramid Texts]

##### Alternative forms

| ḥrt | ḥrt | ḥrj |
| [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [Greco-Roman Period] |

##### Descendants

Traditionally linked as a descendant, but rejected as such by Černý:
* >? Coptic: ϩⲓⲏ (hiē), (plural) ϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ (hiooue)

### References

* “ḥr.t (lemma ID 107670)”, “ḥr.t (lemma ID 107680)”, “ḥr.t (lemma ID 107630)”, “ḥr.jt (lemma ID 108380)”, “ḥr.t (lemma ID 107650)”, “ḥr.t (lemma ID 107640)”, “Ḥr.wt (lemma ID 107610)”, and “ḥr.t (lemma ID 107660)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 124.10–125.3, 142.3–142.7, 143.9–143.10, 143.13–143.19, 144.2–144.6, 144.8–144.18
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 175
* Leitz, Christian, Budde, Dagmar, Dils, Peter, Goldbrunner, Lothar, Mendel, Daniela (2002) Christian Leitz, editor, Lexikon der ägyptischen Götter und Götterbezeichnungen, volumes 5: ḥ–ḫ, Leuven: Peeters, pages 297–298
* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 35.