# cerrar
## Asturian
### Verb

cerrar (first-person singular indicative present cerro, past participle cerráu)
* Alternative form of zarrar

#### Conjugation
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* zarrar

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese serrar, çerrar, sarrar, çarrar, from Vulgar Latin serrāre (“close, shut”), from Late Latin serō, serāre (“fasten, bolt”), from Latin sera (“bolt, cross-bar”).

### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: /θɛˈraɾ/
* (western) IPA: /sɛˈraɾ/

### Verb

cerrar (first-person singular present cerro, first-person singular preterite cerrei, past participle cerrado)
* (transitive) to close, shut
* (transitive) to seal
* (transitive) to enclose
* (intransitive) to darken, dim
* (intransitive) to conclude
* (pronominal) to close, shut

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cerrar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cerrar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “cerrar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cerrar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “cerrar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cerrar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese serrar, çerrar, sarrar, çarrar, from Vulgar Latin serrāre (“close, shut”), from Late Latin serāre (“to fasten, to bolt”), from Latin sera (“bolt, cross-bar”). Cognate with Galician and Spanish cerrar, French serrer and Italian serrare.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [seˈha(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [seˈha(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /seˈʁa(ɾ)/ [seˈha(ɾ)]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [seˈχa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /seˈʁa(ɻ)/ [seˈha(ɻ)]
* (Portugal) IPA: /sɨˈʁaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /sɨˈʁaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /sɨˈʁa.ɾi/
* Homophone: serrar
* Hyphenation: cer‧rar

### Verb

cerrar (first-person singular present cerro, first-person singular preterite cerrei, past participle cerrado)
* to close, shut
* to seal

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish, from Vulgar Latin serrāre (“close, shut”), from Late Latin serāre (“fasten, bolt”), from Latin sera (“bolt, cross-bar”). Compare English serry/serried.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /θeˈraɾ/ [θeˈraɾ]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /seˈraɾ/ [seˈraɾ]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: ce‧rrar
* Homophone: (Latin America) serrar

### Verb

cerrar (first-person singular present cierro, first-person singular preterite cerré, past participle cerrado)
* (transitive) to close, to shut
    Antonym: abrir
    No olvides cerrar la puerta.Don't forget to close the door.
* (transitive) to shut down, to close down
    Antonym: abrir
    Quieren cerrar tu negocio.They're trying to shut your business down.
* (transitive) to turn off, to shut off (to rotate a tap or valve so as to interrupt the outflow of liquid or gas)
    cerrar el grifo ― to turn off the tap
    cerrar la luz ― to turn off the lights
* (transitive) to enclose
* to lock, to lock up
* to seal, to close (e.g. a deal, a breach, a rift)
* to close up, to close off (e.g. a wound)
* to close, to conclude, to end
* (reflexive) to close (itself) (e.g., a store, a door)
* (reflexive) to close off (oneself)
* (linguistics) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
** 2018, Hortensia Martinez, Fonetica y fonología histórica, Apuntes de Fonética y Fonología Españolas‎:La /o/ a veces se cierra a /u/ por influencia de una /j/: cognatum>cuñado; cochleare>cuchara; dormiamus>durmamos(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Usage notes

* To specify that you mean to "lock" and not just "close" or "shut", include con llave following cerrar.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* cerrado
* cerradura
* cerrajería
* cerrajero
* cerrar el juego
* cerrar el paso
* cerrar en falso
* cerrar filas
* cerrar la brecha (“to close or bridge the gap”)
* cerrar la cuenta
* cerrar la espita
* cerrar la marcha
* cerrar la plana
* cerrar los labios
* cerrar sesión
* cerrarse de campiña
* cerrarse en banda
* cerrarse en falso
* cerrarse las velaciones
* cerrazón
* cerrojo
* cierre
* descerrajadura
* descerrajar
* en un abrir y cerrar de ojos
* encerrar
* libro cerrado (“closed book”) (idiomatic)
* pregunta cerrada

### Further reading

* “cerrar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10