# fraoch
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /fˠɾˠeːx/, [fˠɾˠëːə̯x]
* (Connacht, Ulster) IPA: /fˠɾˠiːx/, (older) /fˠɾˠɯːx/

### Etymology 1

From Middle Irish fráech, from Old Irish froích, fróech, from Proto-Celtic *wroikos (compare Welsh grug, Middle Breton groegan), from an unknown non-Indo-European source (compare Czech vřes, Latvian virsis, Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē)).

#### Noun

fraoch m or f (genitive singular fraoigh or fraoighe)
* heather
    Synonym: fraoch mór
* heath, moor
    Synonym: móinteach

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
fraoch
vocative
a fhraoigh
genitive
fraoigh
dative
fraoch
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an fraoch
genitive
an fhraoigh
dative
leis an bhfraoch don fhraoch :
* Variant genitive singular: fraoich
bare forms
case
singular
nominative
fraoch
vocative
a fhraoch
genitive
fraoighe
dative
fraoch
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an fhraoch
genitive
na fraoighe
dative
leis an bhfraoch don fhraoch :

##### Derived terms

* cearc fhraoigh (“(red) grouse”)
* coileach fraoigh (“moor cock, male red grouse”)
* dallóg fhraoigh (“shrew-mouse”)
* dúchoileach fraoigh (“blackcock, male black grouse”)
* fraoch bán (“white heather”)
* fraoch camógach (“Mediterranean heather”)
* fraoch cloigíneach (“bell-heather”)
* fraoch coitianta (“Scotch heather, ling”)
* fraoch fireann (“bell-heather”)
* fraoch Lochlannach (“bell-heather”)
* fraoch mór (“Scotch heather, ling”)
* fraoch naoscaí (“cross-leaved heath”)
* fraochán (“bilberry, whortleberry; ring-ouzel”)
* fraochdhaite (“heather-mixture”)
* fraochlach (“heath”)
* (of tract of land) fraochmhá (“heath”)
* fraochmhar (“heathery”)
* fraochóg (“heath [butterfly]”)
* leann fraoigh (“heather-ale”)
* luch fhraoigh (“marmot”)
* madar fraoigh (“heath, white, bedstraw”)
* píobaire fraoigh (“grasshopper”)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Irish fráech m (“rage, fury, fierceness”).

#### Noun

fraoch m (genitive singular fraoich)
* fierceness, fury

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
fraoch
vocative
a fhraoich
genitive
fraoich
dative
fraoch
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an fraoch
genitive
an fhraoich
dative
leis an bhfraoch don fhraoch :

##### Derived terms

* fraochnimh f (“venomous anger”)
* fraochta (“fierce, furious, enraged”, adjective)

##### Related terms

* fraochaíl f (“furiousness; fierce valour”)
* fraochtacht f (“rage, fury”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 52, page 28
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 115
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 270, page 95
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 fráech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 fráech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “fraoch”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “fraoch”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “fraoch”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɾɯːx/

### Etymology 1

From Middle Irish fráech, from Old Irish froích, fróech, from Proto-Celtic *wroikos, from a non-Indo-European source.

#### Noun

fraoch m (genitive singular fraoich, no plural)
* heath, heather, ling
* bristles

##### Derived terms

* dearc-fhraoich f (“bilberry, whortleberry, blaeberry, cowberry”)
* deargan-fraoich m (“goldfinch; bullfinch”)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Irish fráech m (“rage, fury, fierceness”).

#### Noun

fraoch m (genitive singular fraoich, no plural)
* anger, fury
* girning expression of countenance

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 fráech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 fráech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “fraoch”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* MacLennan, Malcolm (1925) A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Edinburgh: J. Grant, →OCLC