OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# နိမ့်
## Burmese
### Etymology

According to STEDT, related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nup ~ nip (“to sink down, set, enter”), and thus related to Old Chinese 入 (OC *njub, “to enter”). Luce compares 攝 (OC *neːb, *ʔnjeb, “to take in”), from the same word family, as a relatively semantically closer comparandum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nḛɪɴ/
* Romanization: MLCTS: nim. • ALA-LC: nimʻʹ • BGN/PCGN: nein. • Okell: neíñ

### Verb

နိမ့် • (nim.)
* to be lower (in status or elevation)
* to be shorter (in height)

#### Derived terms

* ကုန်းနိမ့် (kun:nim.)
* စစ်ရေးနိမ့် (cacre:nim.)
* ဆူကြုံနိမ့်မြင့်မရွေး (hcu-krumnim.mrang.ma.rwe:)
* နိမ့်ကျ (nim.kya.)
* နိမ့်ဆင်း (nim.hcang:)
* နိမ့်ပါး (nim.pa:)
* နိမ့်ရှိုင်း (nim.hruing:)
* နိမ့်လျှော (nim.hlyau:)
* နိမ့်သံ (nim.sam)
* မြေနိမ့်ရာလှံစိုက် (mrenim.rahlamcuik)
* ယုတ်နိမ့် (yutnim.)
* ရှုံးနိမ့် (hrum:nim.)
* အနိမ့် (a.nim.)
* အရေးနိမ့် (a.re:nim.)
* အိမ်နိမ့် (imnim.)

### References

* ↑ Luce, G. H. (1981) “-IM Finals (15. Low, Short; Lower, Nether)”, in A Comparative Word-List of Old Burmese, Chinese and Tibetan, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, →ISBN, page 44

### Further reading

* “နိမ့်” in Myanmar–English Dictionary (Myanmar Language Commission 1993). Searchable online at SEAlang.net.
# Arrasate
## Basque
### Etymology

Probably from harri (“rock”) +‎ esate (“mountain pass”) (dialectal, archaic).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aras̺ate/ [a.ra.s̺a.t̪e]
* Rhymes: -ate
* Hyphenation: A‧rra‧sa‧te

### Proper noun

Arrasate inan
* Mondragón (a town and municipality of Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain)

#### Derived terms

* arrasatear

### References

* Patxi Salaberri Zaratiegi (2019) “Arrasate”, in Gipuzkoako herrien izenak‎ (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia, →ISBN, page 72
# Bethlehem lungwort
## English
### Noun

Bethlehem lungwort
* Synonym of Bethlehem sage
# phenomenological
## English
### Etymology

From phenomenology +‎ -ical.

### Adjective

phenomenological (comparative more phenomenological, superlative most phenomenological)
* (philosophy) Of or relating to phenomenology, or consistent with the principles of phenomenology.
** 1956 Dec, Maurice Natanson, “The Schism between Theory and Ardent Empiricism”, in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, volume 17, number 2, page 244:Phenomenological "things" are not commonsense objects or sense data but the phenomena in their presentation, grasped as intentional objects.
** 1991 Nov, David Tilman, “Phenomenology From the Natural Standpoint: A Reply to Van Meter Ames”, in The American Naturalist, volume 138, number 5, page 1284:I call my models "mechanistic" to distinguish them from classical models that are more phenomenological.
** 1994, Herbert Spiegelberg, Karl Schuhmann, “Introduction”, in The Phenomenological Movement: A Historical Introduction, 3rd rev. and enlarged edition, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, →DOI, →ISBN, page 8:A similar and more influential use of the term can be found in William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences (1847), where phenomenology occurs in the context of the "palaetiological sciences" (i.e., sciences which deal wih more ancient conditions of things), as that branch of these studies which is to be followed by aetiology and theory. Among such phenomenologies Whewell mentions particularly phenomenological uranology, phenomenological geography of plants and animals, and even a phenomenological glossology.
** 2014 April 12, Michael Inwood, “Martin Heidegger: the philosopher who fell for Hitler [print version: Hitler's philosopher]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review)‎, London, page R10:He [Martin Heidegger] was influenced by Edmund Husserl, a German thinker born in 1859 who was soon to become the leading figure of the phenomenological movement, dedicated to the description and investigation of our conscious experience without reference to its extramental causes and consequences.
* (medicine) Using the method of phenomenology, by which the observer examines data and other subjective effects without trying to provide a pathophysiological explanation of them, especially in diagnosing disease states and in nosology and other forms of taxonomy.
** July 28, 2010, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, , The Philosophy of Psychiatry :Ross and his colleagues [...] drew on prior research...to suggest that addictive gambling resembles dependence on stimulants (like cocaine) more than it does alcoholism, and hence enlarges our understanding of addiction more fully than purely behavioural criteria would do. The worry is that a behavioural approach misses the similarities and differences between forms of addiction by treating all as more or less the same, based on shared behavioural and phenomenological effects.

#### Derived terms

* phenomenologically
* phenomenological reduction
* postphenomenological
# pääpiirteittäin
## Finnish
### Etymology

pääpiirtei- +‎ -ttäin (distributive plural)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpæːˌpiːrtei̯tːæi̯n/, [ˈpæːˌpiːrt̪e̞i̯t̪ːæi̯n]
* Rhymes: -iːrteitːæin
* Hyphenation: pää‧piirteit‧täin

### Adverb

pääpiirteittäin
* in outline, broadly, in broad lines

#### Derived terms

* pääpiirteittäinen

### Further reading

* “pääpiirteittäin”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# korejština
## Czech
### Etymology

From korejský (“Korean”) +‎ -ština.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkorɛjʃcɪna]
* Rhymes: -ɪna
* Hyphenation: ko‧rej‧šti‧na

### Noun

korejština f
* Korean (language)

#### Related terms

* Korea f
* Korejec m
* Korejka f
* korejský

### Further reading

* “korejština”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “korejština”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “korejština”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# vyprovokovat
## Czech
### Etymology

From vy- +‎ provokovat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɪprovokovat]

### Verb

vyprovokovat pf (imperfective provokovat)
* to provoke, to irritate

#### Conjugation

| Infinitive | vyprovokovat, vyprovokovati | Active adjective | vyprovokovavší |
| Verbal noun | vyprovokování | Passive adjective | vyprovokovaný |
| Present forms | indicative | indicative | imperative | imperative |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| 1st person | vyprovokuji, vyprovokuju (coll.) | vyprovokujeme | — | vyprovokujme |
| 2nd person | vyprovokuješ | vyprovokujete | vyprovokuj | vyprovokujte |
| 3rd person | vyprovokuje | vyprovokují, vyprovokujou (coll.) | — | — |
* The verb vyprovokovat does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.
| Participles | Past participles | Past participles | Passive participles | Passive participles |
| | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| masculine animate | vyprovokoval | vyprovokovali | vyprovokován | vyprovokováni |
| masculine inanimate | vyprovokoval | vyprovokovaly | vyprovokován | vyprovokovány |
| feminine | vyprovokovala | vyprovokovaly | vyprovokována | vyprovokovány |
| neuter | vyprovokovalo | vyprovokovala | vyprovokováno | vyprovokována |
| Transgressives | present | past |
| masculine singular | — | vyprovokovav |
| feminine + neuter singular | — | vyprovokovavši |
| plural | — | vyprovokovavše |

#### Related terms

* vyprovokovaný
* vyprovokování
* vyprovokovávání

### Further reading

* “vyprovokovati”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “vyprovokovati”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “vyprovokovat”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# bliźnięco
## Polish
### Etymology

From bliźnięcy +‎ -o. First attested in 1851.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bliʑˈɲɛn.t͡sɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛnt͡sɔ
* Syllabification: bliź‧nię‧co

### Adverb

bliźnięco (not comparable)
* (dated) in a way pertaining to twins

#### Related terms

* bliski
* bliziuteńki
* bliziutki
* bliznowaty
* bliznowy
* bliźni
* bliźniaczy
* bliźnięcy
* blisko
* bliziuteńko
* bliziutko
* bliźniaczo
* bliskość
* blizenka
* blizna
* bliznowiec
* bliźniactwo
* bliźniaczek
* bliźniaczka
* bliźniaczość
* bliźniak
* bliźniczka
* bliźnię
* bliższość
* bliznowacieć impf, zbliznowacieć pf
* bliźnić impf, zabliźnić pf
* bliżyć impf
* przybliżać impf, przybliżyć pf
* ubliżać impf, ubliżyć pf
* zbliżać impf, zbliżyć pf

### References

* ↑ Antoni Józef Szabrański (1851) Biblioteka Warszawska: pismo poświęcone naukom, sztukom i przemysłowi. 1851, Tom piérwszy‎ (in Polish), page 147
* ↑ bliźnięco in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

### Further reading

* bliźnięco in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# adeński
## Polish
### Etymology

From Aden +‎ -ski.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈdɛɲ.ski/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛɲski
* Syllabification: a‧deń‧ski

### Adjective

adeński (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational) Adenese (from or belonging to Aden, a seaport in Yemen)

#### Derived terms

* Zatoka Adeńska

#### Related terms

* Aden

### Further reading

* adeński in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# zminiaturyzować
## Polish
### Etymology

From z- +‎ miniaturyzować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zmi.ɲa.tu.rɘˈzɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: zmi‧nia‧tu‧ry‧zo‧wać

### Verb

zminiaturyzować pf (imperfective miniaturyzować)
* (transitive, literary) to miniaturize (to design or construct something on a miniature scale)
    Hypernym: zmniejszyć

#### Related terms

* miniaturowy
* miniatura
* miniaturyzacja

### Further reading

* zminiaturyzować in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zminiaturyzować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# تەلىمىي
## Uyghur
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic تَعْلِيمِيّ (taʕlīmiyy). By surface analysis, تەلىم (telim, “instruction”) +‎ ـىي (-iy)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɛlimij/

### Adjective

تەلىمىي • (telimiy)
* instructive
# purulencia
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /puɾuˈlenθja/ [pu.ɾuˈlẽn̟.θja]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /puɾuˈlensja/ [pu.ɾuˈlẽn.sja]
* Rhymes: -enθja
* Rhymes: -ensja
* Syllabification: pu‧ru‧len‧cia

### Noun

purulencia f (plural purulencias)
* purulence
** 2019 January 31, EL NACIONAL WEB, “El crimen político-financiero-militar latinoamericano es derrotable”, in El Nacional‎:Los políticos latinoamericanos fomentan la pobreza y gangrenan los presupuestos que administran, luego, en purulencia perpetua y desvergonzados, pujan por mantener perpetuamente a forajidos al mando.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Related terms

* purulento

### Further reading

* “purulencia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# trashification
## English
### Etymology

From trash +‎ -ification.

### Noun

trashification (countable and uncountable, plural trashifications)
* The act of trashifying; the act of turning something into trash.
** c. 1940, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, “Selected Fitzgerald Working Notes”, in The Love of the Last Tycoon, New York, N.Y. […]: Scribner, →ISBN, page 150:[…] with the growing complication of technique and the exclusiveness it created and finally with the grand consolidation and trashification whose finest flower was block booking […]
** 1996 November 4, David Gelernter, “Less Surfing, More Learning”, in The Weekly Standard, volume 2, number 8, New York, N.Y.: News America Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 15:The Doles, Bennetts, and Borks condemn the trashification of popular culture, but vulgarity is the consequence of ignorance, never mind Hollywood.
** 1999, James H[arlan] Boren, How to be a Sincere Phoney: A Handbook for Politicians and Bureaucrats, Tahlequah, OK, Delaplane, VA: Birdcage Publications; EPM Custom Books, →ISBN, page 78:While many political trashifiers begin to believe their own trashifications, bloatators rarely do. Bloatating a position paper involves puffery similar to trashifications but it is oriented toward stroking the prejudices […]
** 2023 April 27, James Poniewozik, “Jerry Springer Was TV's Biggest Populist (Give or Take a President)”, in The New York Times‎, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-29:Springer didn't invent the trashification of TV and pop culture. His show was modeled on earlier talk shows that dipped the occasional toe in the mud, like Phil Donahue's, and its ascent came alongside the likes of Howard Stern.

#### Related terms

* trashify
# auktorisoida
## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English authorize). Adapted with the verbal suffix +‎ -oida.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑu̯ktorisoi̯dɑˣ/, [ˈɑ̝u̯kt̪o̞ˌris̠o̞i̯dɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -oidɑ
* Hyphenation: auk‧to‧ri‧soi‧da

### Verb

auktorisoida (dated, formal)
* (transitive) To authorize.

#### Synonyms

* valtuuttaa

#### Derived terms

* auktorisointi

### Further reading

* “auktorisoida”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
# genio
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian genio. Doublet of genius.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʒiːniəʊ/

### Noun

genio (plural genios)
* (archaic, rare) Somebody having a particular way of thinking.
** 1709 August 22 (Gregorian calendar), Isaac Bickerstaff [et al., pseudonyms; Richard Steele et al.], “Thursday, August 11, 1709”, in The Tatler, number 53; republished in [Richard Steele], editor, The Tatler, […], London stereotype edition, volume I, London: I. Walker and Co.; […], 1822, →OCLC:Some genios which are not capable of pure affection […]The spelling has been modernized.

#### Related terms

* genius

### References

* “genio”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

## Esperanto
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin genius.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡeˈnio]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -io
* Hyphenation: ge‧ni‧o

### Noun

genio (accusative singular genion, plural genioj, accusative plural geniojn)
* genius (intelligence)
* genius (intelligent person)
    Synonym: geniulo
* (Roman mythology) genius

## Ido
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡeni̯o/

### Noun

genio (uncountable)
* genius, brilliance

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin genius.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʒɛ.njo/
* Rhymes: -ɛnjo
* Hyphenation: gè‧nio

### Noun

genio m (plural geni)
* genius
* spirit, genie
    genio della lampada ― genie in a bottle
* (military, with the definite article) the engineers, corps

#### Derived terms

* genio civile (“civil engineers”)
* andare a genio

### Anagrams

* -gione, Iengo, igneo, niego

## Latin
### Noun

geniō
* dative/ablative singular of genius

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxenjo/ [ˈxe.njo]
* Rhymes: -enjo
* Syllabification: ge‧nio

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin genius, related to gignō (“to beget”) and genus (“birth, origin”).

#### Noun

genio m (plural genios)
* genius
* temper, mood (normally a bad temper)
    Esa tía tiene mucho genio.She's one bad-tempered chick.

##### Derived terms

* corto de genio
* genio y figura hasta la sepultura
* geniudo
* llevar el genio
* mal genio

##### Related terms

* genial
* ingenio

##### Descendants

* → Tagalog: henyo

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French génie, of Latin influence but based on Arabic جِنّ (jinn).

#### Noun

genio m (plural genios)
* (folklore, mythology, fantasy) jinn, genie

### Further reading

* “genio”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Jamrozek
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jamˈrɔ.zɛk/
* Rhymes: -ɔzɛk
* Syllabification: Jam‧ro‧zek

### Proper noun

Jamrozek m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Jamrozek f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

#### Derived terms

* Jamrozkowa
* Jamrozkówna

### See also

* Appendix:Polish surnames
# bergenin
## English
### Etymology

From Bergenia +‎ -in.

### Noun

bergenin (uncountable)
* (organic chemistry) A trihydroxybenzoic acid glycoside with an immunomodulatory effect, found in Bergenia and other plants.

#### Synonyms

* cuscutin

#### Derived terms

* norbergenin

### Anagrams

* beginner, benigner
# tortolita
## Spanish
### Etymology

tórtola +‎ -ita

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toɾtoˈlita/ [t̪oɾ.t̪oˈli.t̪a]
* Rhymes: -ita
* Syllabification: tor‧to‧li‧ta

### Noun

tortolita f (plural tortolitas)
* any of a number of small dove species

#### Derived terms

* tortolita boliviana

### Further reading

* “tortolita”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# neuromodulator
## English
### Etymology

From neuro- +‎ modulator.

### Noun

neuromodulator (plural neuromodulators)
* (neuroscience) A substance other than a neurotransmitter, released by a neuron at a synapse and conveying information to adjacent or distant neurons, either enhancing or dampening their activities.
    Coordinate terms: neurostabilizer, neurotransmitter

#### Related terms

* neuromodulate
* neuromodulation
* neuromodulatory
# mòwa
## Kashubian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mъlva.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmwɛ.va/
* Rhymes: -ɛva
* Syllabification: mò‧wa

### Noun

mòwa f
* speech; language (method of communication between two or more people)
** 1980, Jan Trepczyk, “Kaszëbizna”, in Pomerania‎, number 11/12, Gdańsk: Zrzeszenie Kaszubsko-Pomorskie:Mowa Kaszëbów ë Słowińców je apartną słowiańską mowa, a ni polsczim dialektę.The language of Kashubians and Slovenians is a separate Slavic language, not a Polish dialect.
* speech (method or ability to speak)
* (linguistics) lect

#### Related terms

* mówic impf

### Further reading

* Stefan Ramułt (1893) “mœva”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 107
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “mówienie”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
* “mòwa”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
# súfismus
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsuːfɪzmus]

### Noun

súfismus m inan
* Sufism

#### Related terms

* súfijec
* súfijský

### Further reading

* “súfismus”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “súfismus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# diazabicyclo
## English
### Noun

diazabicyclo
* A class of bicyclic compounds that contain two nitrogen atoms in their structure.

#### Derived terms

* indisetron
# life is like a box of chocolates
## English
### Etymology

Appeared in the 1994 film Forrest Gump, when the lead character Forrest Gump (played by Tom Hanks) says “My mom always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get.”

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Proverb

life is like a box of chocolates
* (simile) Life is full of surprises; you never know what will happen next.

#### Related terms

* such is life
* that's life
* this is the life

### See also

* bowl of cherries
# kneeler
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English knelere, equivalent to kneel +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

kneeler (plural kneelers)
* A person who kneels.
    All the kneelers sighed with relief when they were told it was over and they could finally stand up.
* A hassock.
    The parish deacon was always pushing to get new kneelers for the church, probably because he was old and his knees were sensitive.
** 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 207:The benches are scuffed Victorian, and lying on them are sets of kneelers embroidered by parishioners.
* An apparatus that permits the loading door of a bus to decrease in height in order to facilitate boarding of passengers that are seniors and physically disadvantaged
* On a gable-end, the stone (often decorated) at the base of the slope of the gable on either side.

#### See also

* kneeling chair
# depictive
## English
### Etymology

From depict +‎ -ive.

### Adjective

depictive (not comparable)
* Of or pertaining to depiction.

#### Derived terms

* depictively

### Noun

depictive (plural depictives)
* (grammar) A grammatical construction that indicates the state of a noun in relation to the action of a verb.

#### See also

* resultative
# a propósito
## Portuguese
### Preposition

a propósito
* apropos (regarding or concerning)

### Prepositional phrase

a propósito
* by the way (incidentally)
    Synonyms: já agora, aliás, diga-se de passagem, além do mais

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a pɾoˈposito/ [a pɾoˈpo.si.t̪o]
* Syllabification: a pro‧pó‧si‧to

### Adjective

a propósito (invariable)
* apropos; suitable (typically followed by "de" or "para")
** 1873, Benito Pérez Galdós, Cádiz, Chapter 35:Acertó la marquesa al asegurar que no era D. Pedro hombre a propósito para llevar adelante esta grande empresa.The marchioness was right to assure that Don Pedro was not a suitable man to carry out this great undertaking.
** 1896, Isaac Albéniz, Pepita Jiménez:Como mi padre no es a propósito para hacer vida penitente, éste sería el único modo de que cambiase su vida(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Adverb

a propósito
* by the way, incidentally
    Synonyms: por cierto, de paso
    A propósito, ¿cuándo dará a luz tu prima?By the way, when will your cousin give birth?
* on purpose, purposely
    Synonyms: adrede, de propósito, intencionalmente, deliberadamente

#### Derived terms

* a propósito de (“regarding, concerning, about, on the subject of, speaking of”)
* ni hecho a propósito

### Further reading

* “a propósito”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# punzar
## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *puntiāre < *punctiāre, from Latin punctus, perfect passive participle of pungō (“prick, sting”) (compare Portuguese punçar, Catalan punxar, Italian ponzare). Alternatively, regressively derived from punzón. See also punchar (a variant possibly taken from a Mozarabic form) and the derivative pinchar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /punˈθaɾ/ [pũn̟ˈθaɾ]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /punˈsaɾ/ [pũnˈsaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: pun‧zar

### Verb

punzar (first-person singular present punzo, first-person singular preterite puncé, past participle punzado)
* (transitive) to perforate, punch
* (intransitive) to sting, twinge

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* punzada f
* punzante
* punzonar
* punzonería f

#### Related terms

* punchar
* pungir
* punto
* punzón m

### References

* ↑ “punzar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “punzar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

### Further reading

* “punzar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10