OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# محافظه
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مُحَافَظَة (muḥāfaẓa), verbal noun of حَافَظَ (ḥāfaẓa).

### Noun

محافظه • (muhafaza)
* defense, protection; defending, protecting
* guard, watch
* conservation, maintenance

#### Descendants

* Turkish: muhafaza

### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “محافظه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1125
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “muhafaza”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مُحَافَظَة (muḥāfaẓa). Doublet of محافظت.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [mu.hɑː.fa.za]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mo̞.ɦɑː.fä.zä]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mo̞.ɦɑː.fä.zä]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mʊ.wɑː.fä.zä]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mu.wɔː.fä.zä]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mo.ɦɒː.fe.ze]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mu.ɦɔ.fä.zä]

### Noun

محافظه • (mohâfeze)
* conservativeness

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “محافظه”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# محافظت
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مُحَافَظَة (muḥāfaẓa). Doublet of محافظه (mohâfezat).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [mu.hɑː.fa.zat]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mo̞.ɦɑː.fä.zät̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mo̞.ɦɑː.fä.zät̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mʊ.wɑː.fä.zät̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mu.wɔː.fä.zät̪]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mo.ɦɒː.fe.zæt̪]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mu.ɦɔ.fä.zät̪]

### Noun

محافظت • (mohâfezat)
* protection, conservation
    اقدامات محافظت از حیوانات پیشرفته‌تر در اروپاeqdâmât-e mohâfezat az heyvânât-e pišrafte-tar dar orupâEurope's more advanced animal conservation measures

#### Descendants

* → Urdu: محافظت (muhāfazat)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “محافظت”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian محافظت (muhāfazat), from Arabic مُحَافَظَة (muḥāfaẓa).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /mʊ.ɦɑː.fə.zət̪/

### Noun

مُحافَظَت • (muhāfazat) f (Hindi spelling मुहाफ़ज़त)
* defending, protecting, guarding; keeping in custody
* preservation, protection, guardianship; custody, care

### Further reading

* “محافظت”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “محافظت”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
# مۇھاپىزەت
## Uyghur
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مُحَافَظَة (muḥāfaẓa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /muhɑpizɛt/

### Noun

مۇھاپىزەت • (muhapizet) (plural مۇھاپىزەتلەر (muhapizetler))
* safety, protection
# گلقند
## Persian
### Etymology

From گل (gol, “flower, rose”) +‎ قند (qand, “sugar, candy”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɡul.ˈqanð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡʊl.qǽn̪d̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡʊl.qǽn̪d̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ɡʊl.qǽn̪d̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ɡul.qǽn̪d̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɡ̥ol.ɢǽn̪d̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɡul.qǽn̪d̪]

### Noun

| Dari | گلقند |
| Iranian Persian | گلقند |
| Tajik | гулқанд |
گلقند • (golqand)
* gulkand (rose petal preserve)
** c. 1500, Mawlānā Muḥammad Ahlī Shīrazī, سحر حلال‎:از لب خود داخل گل قند کرد خسته دلی مایل گلقند کردaz lab-i xwad dāxil-i gul qand kard xasta dilē māyil-i gulqand kardShe made her own lips into sugar [sweet kisses] in a rose [red lips], And someone with a wounded heart pined for the gulkand [the sweetness of her kisses].(Classical Persian transliteration)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “گلقند”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# vàlua
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈba.lu.ə]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ˈva.lu.ə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈva.lu.a]

### Noun

vàlua f (plural vàlues)
* value; worth (quality that renders something desirable)
    Synonym: valor

#### Derived terms

* valuós

### Further reading

* “vàlua” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “vàlua”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
* “vàlua” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “vàlua” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
# abstenciones
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /abstenˈθjones/ [aβ̞s.t̪ẽn̟ˈθjo.nes]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /abstenˈsjones/ [aβ̞s.t̪ẽnˈsjo.nes]
* Rhymes: -ones
* Syllabification: abs‧ten‧cio‧nes

### Noun

abstenciones f pl
* plural of abstención
# càtedra
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra). Doublet of the inherited cadira.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈka.tə.ðɾə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈka.te.ðɾa]

### Noun

càtedra f (plural càtedres)
* cathedra

#### Related terms

* catedral
* catedràtic

### Further reading

* “càtedra” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “càtedra”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
* “càtedra” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “càtedra” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
# catedralicis
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [kə.tə.ðɾəˈli.sis]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ka.te.ðɾaˈli.sis]

### Adjective

catedralicis
* masculine plural of catedralici
# زردک
## Persian
### Etymology

From زرد (zard, “yellow”) +‎ ـک (ak, “diminutive suffix”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [zaɾ.ˈdak]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zäɾ.d̪ǽk]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zäɾ.d̪ǽk]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [zäɾ.d̪ǽk]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [zäɾ.d̪ǽk]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [zæɹ.d̪ǽkʲ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [zäɾ.d̪ǽk]

### Noun

| Dari | زردک |
| Iranian Persian | هویج |
| Tajik | сабзӣ |
زردک • (zardak)
* (Dari and elsewhere dialectal) carrot
    Synonyms: گزر (gazar), هویج (havij)

#### Descendants

* → Algerian Arabic: زرودية (zrūdiyya)
* → Moroccan Arabic: زرودية (zrūdiyya)
* → Kabyle: zrudga
* → Kyrgyz: зардек (zardek)
* → Qašqay: зәдәк, зәрдәк, зардәк
* → Siberian Tatar: сәртәк
* → Ottoman Turkish: زردك (zerdek), زدك (zedek) (rare)
* → Punjabi: ਜਰਦ (jarad)
* → Fergana Valley Uyghur: зәдәк (zedek)
# лежанка
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From лежа (leža) +‎ -анка (-anka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [lɛˈʒa̟ŋkɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

лежа́нка • (ležánka)
* bench
* (weightlifting) bench press
    Колко вдигаш на лежанка? ― Kolko vdigaš na ležanka? ― How much do you bench?

#### Declension
## Russian
### Etymology

лежа́ть (ležátʹ) +‎ -а́нка (-ánka)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [lʲɪˈʐankə]

### Noun

лежа́нка • (ležánka) f inan (genitive лежа́нки, nominative plural лежа́нки, genitive plural лежа́нок)
* sleeping ledge above a Russian chimney stove
* (colloquial) sleeping place or couch
* (dated) niche in the stone wall of a crypt, where the deceased is placed

#### Related terms

* лежа́ть (ležátʹ)
* лёжа (ljóža)
* лежа́чий (ležáčij)
* лежмя́ (ležmjá)
* ложи́ться impf (ložítʹsja), лечь pf (lečʹ)

#### Descendants

* → Romanian: lejancă
# малышка
## Russian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *malyšьka. Can also be analysed as ма́лый (mályj) +‎ -ишка (-iška).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɐˈɫɨʂkə]

#### Noun

малы́шка • (malýška) f anim or m anim (genitive малы́шки, nominative plural малы́шки, genitive plural малы́шек, masculine малы́ш)
* (endearing) little child
    Synonyms: кро́шка (króška), малю́тка (maljútka)
* female equivalent of малы́ш (malýš): (very) little girl, baby girl
    Synonym: де́тка (détka)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [məɫɨʂˈka]

#### Noun

малышка́ • (malyšká) m anim
* genitive/accusative singular of малышо́к (malyšók)
# lapidació
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin lapidātiōnem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [lə.pi.ðə.siˈo]
* IPA: (Valencia) [la.pi.ða.siˈo]

### Noun

lapidació f (plural lapidacions)
* stoning

#### Related terms

* lapidar

### Further reading

* “lapidació” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “lapidació”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
* “lapidació” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “lapidació” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
# Малороссия
## Russian
### Etymology

Originally Малая Россия (Malaja Rossija), itself a Calque of Ancient Greek Μικρὰ Ῥωσσίᾱ (Mikrà Rhōssíā), attested since 1292. Coined by the Patriarch of Constantinople to differentiate it from "Great Russia" (Μεγάλη Ῥωσσίᾱ). Can be analysed as ма́лый (mályj, “small”) +‎ -о- (-o-) +‎ Ро́ссия (Róssija, “Rus, Russia”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [məɫɐˈrosʲːɪjə]
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Малоро́ссия • (Maloróssija) f inan (genitive Малоро́ссии, relational adjective малоросси́йский)
* (historical) Little Russia
* (dated, now considered offensive) Ukraine

#### Usage notes

Now considered offensive in Ukraine, as it was associated with Tsarist rule. The terms малорос (maloros) and малоросійство (malorosijstvo) refers to Ukrainians who are too loyal to Russia instead of their own nation.

#### Synonyms

* Ма́лая Ру́сь (Málaja Rúsʹ), Ма́лая Росси́я (Málaja Rossíja), Малору́ссия (Malorússija)

#### Derived terms

* малоро́с (malorós)
* малороссия́нин (malorossijánin), малоросси́ец (malorossíjec), малороссия́нец (malorossijánec)

#### See also

* Росси́я (Rossíja)
# esclar
## Catalan
### Etymology

Univerbation of és (“it is”) +‎ clar (“clear”)

### Interjection

esclar
* Alternative form of és clar (“of course”)
** 2021 October 11, Carina Farreras, quoting César Coll, “No té sentit que nens de 12 anys estudiïn onze assignatures”, in La Vanguardia‎:Els alumnes, com els adults, no s’esforcen quan no estan motivats. Es pot estudiar per obligació, esclar.Students, like adults, don't make an effort unless they are motivated. You can study by obligation, of course.
** 2024 December 17, Empar Moliner, “No cal llegir ni escriure”, in Ara‎:Que les lectures de batxillerat siguin obligatòries té –o tenia– una funció: aconseguir que tothom passi per aquesta vida havent llegit –obligat, esclar– alguna cosa més que les instruccions d’un xampú.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Usage notes

* Not accepted by language authorities but attestable in mass media and works of fiction.
# giodal
## Irish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

giodal m (genitive singular giodail)
* conceit
    Synonyms: mórchúis, postúlacht
* perkiness, sauciness
* flightiness

#### Conjugation

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
giodal
vocative
a ghiodail
genitive
giodail
dative
giodal
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an giodal
genitive
an ghiodail
dative
leis an ngiodal don ghiodal :

#### Derived terms

* giodalach (“conceited; flighty”, adjective)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# чели
## Bulgarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃɛli]

### Participle

че́ли • (čéli) pl
* indefinite plural past active aorist participle of чета́ (četá)
# แฮมเบอร์เกอร์
## Thai
### Etymology

Borrowed from English hamburger, from German Hamburger.

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | แฮมเบอร์เกอร์ æ ɦ m e ɓ ɒ r ʻ e k ɒ r ʻ |
| Phonemic {Short} | Phonemic {Short} | แฮ็ม-เบอ-เก้อ æ ɦ ˘ m – e ɓ ɒ – e k ˆ ɒ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | hɛm-bəə-gə̂ə |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | haem-boe-koe |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /hɛm˧.bɤː˧.kɤː˥˩/ |

### Noun

แฮมเบอร์เกอร์ • (hɛm-bəə-gə̂ə) (classifier อัน)
* hamburger.
    Synonym: เบอร์เกอร์ (bəə-gə̂ə)
# cíle
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡siːlɛ]

### Noun

cíle
* inflection of cíl:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural

### Verb

cíle
* masculine singular present transgressive of cílit
# rozporuplný
## Czech
### Etymology

From rozpor +‎ -plný.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrosporupl̩niː]

### Adjective

rozporuplný (comparative rozporuplnější, superlative nejrozporuplnější, adverb rozporuplně)
* inconsistent, self-contradictory
    Synonym: rozporný

#### See also

* ambivalentní

### Further reading

* “rozporuplný”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “rozporuplný”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “rozporuplný”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# Bukvitsa
## English
### Etymology

From Russian бу́квица (búkvica).

### Noun

Bukvitsa
* An ancient Slavic alphabet (an adaptation of Glagolitic and Cyrillic).
** 1867, The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge:In the Slavonic it occupies, as jest, the 6th place of the Bukvitsa as well as of the Cyrillic scheme, and has two softening forms as finals (-er, -eri) toward the close of the alphabet.
** 1950, The languages of the world, ancient and modern:Scripts such as Bukvitsa (an adaptation of Glagolitic and Cyrillic), Elbasan, Buthakiikye, Argyrokastron or Veso Bei's script (old Albanian alphabets), Pamphylian and Lydian (Asianic languages), Tagbanua, Mangyan, lloco, Pangasinan, Pampangan and Buhil (Philippine Islands), Passipa and Uighur of Mongolia, the latter a transitional alphabet derived from Nestorian, Sogdian (Eastern Turkestan) and Balti (Tibet) have not been included.
** 2008, T. Kamusella, The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe, →ISBN:In the Slavic Orthodox tradition, the Glagolitic script and early books preserved in it were perceived as an inalienable part of Orthodox Christianity. Hence, Orthodox churchmen called it 'Bukvitsa,' a name derived from the East Slavic word for 'letter' (bukva).
* A pseudohistorical alphabet based on Cyrillic, created by Russian neopagan esoteric A. Yu. Khinevich, founder of Ynglism, but having no connection with historical Slavic writings.
** 2016, Dmitriy Kushnir, Slava Rodu Magazine: Issue #1, page 49:The hierarchy of the Russian Orthodox Church declared Slavic writings (Bukvitsa, Runes, etc.) to be black magic and demonic writings; the result of which was the loss by the Slavic people of the ability to learn the ancestral experience of their Ancestors.
# shryne
## Middle English
### Etymology

From Old English scrīn (“reliquary, ark of the covenant”), from Medieval Latin scrīnium (“reliquary”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).

### Noun

shryne (plural shrynes)
* shrine

#### Descendants

* English: shrine
# ボウリングボール
## Japanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English bowling ball.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bo̞ːɾʲĩŋɡɯ̟bo̞ːɾɯ̟]

### Noun

ボウリングボール • (bōringu bōru)
* bowling ball
# lei o manō
## Hawaiian
### Etymology

lei (“lei, a flower garland”) +‎ o +‎ manō (“a shark”), literally meaning "lei of the shark".

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlei̯ o maˈnoː/, [ˈlɛj o məˈnoː]

### Noun

lei o manō
* A paddle-like club with shark teeth set in it.

#### Descendants

* → English: leiomano
# 磨唧
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 磨唧 – see 磨嘰 (“to be very slow; to dawdle; to do things very slowly; etc.”). (This term is a variant form of 磨嘰).
# beffava
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /befˈfa.va/
* Rhymes: -ava
* Hyphenation: bef‧fà‧va

### Verb

beffava
* third-person singular imperfect indicative of beffare
# bodák
## Czech
### Etymology

From bodat +‎ -ák.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbodaːk]
* Hyphenation: bo‧dák

### Noun

bodák m inan (diminutive bodáček)
* bayonet (weapon)
    Synonym: bajonet

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “bodák”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “bodák”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “bodák”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# キックベースボール
## Japanese
### Etymology

From English kick baseball.

### Noun

キックベースボール • (kikku bēsubōru)
* kickball
    Synonyms: フットベースボール (futto bēsubōru), キックボール (kikkubōru)

### See also

* ベースボール (bēsubōru)
# 認負
## Chinese

(This form in the hanzi box is uncreated: "认负".)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rènfù
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ ㄈㄨˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rènfù
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ ㄈㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rènfù
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^4$-fu$^4$
*** Yale: rèn-fù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rennfuh
*** Palladius: жэньфу (žɛnʹfu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

### Verb

認負
* to admit defeat
# 认负
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 认负 – see 認負 (“to admit defeat”). (This term is the simplified form of 認負).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# pure imaginary numbers
## English
### Noun

pure imaginary numbers
* plural of pure imaginary number
# mangiata
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /manˈd͡ʒa.ta/
* Rhymes: -ata
* Hyphenation: man‧già‧ta

### Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Participle

mangiata
* feminine singular of mangiato

### Etymology 2

Deverbal formed with the feminine past participle of mangiare (“to eat”).

#### Noun

mangiata f (plural mangiate)
* feed, nosh
# crucca
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkruk.ka/
* Rhymes: -ukka
* Hyphenation: crùc‧ca

### Adjective

crucca
* feminine singular of crucco

### Noun

crucca f (plural crucche)
* female equivalent of crucco
# crucche
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkruk.ke/
* Rhymes: -ukke
* Hyphenation: crùc‧che

### Adjective

crucche
* feminine plural of crucco

### Noun

crucche f
* plural of crucco

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* croch, croche, crouch, cruche

### Etymology

From Old English cryċċ (“crutch, staff”), from Proto-West Germanic *krukkju, from Proto-Germanic *krukjō (“crutch, staff”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewg- (“wrinkle, bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, bend”).
The final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique cases.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkrut͡ʃ(ə)/

### Noun

crucche (plural crucches)
* crutch
** c. 1215 Layamon's Brut, l.9722
    he wænde mid his crucche; us a-dun þrucche.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** c. 1300, Jacob and James:he caste awei his crucche(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Descendants

* English: crutch
* Scots: crutch

#### References

* “crucche, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
# truccata
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /trukˈka.ta/
* Rhymes: -ata
* Hyphenation: truc‧cà‧ta

### Participle

truccata
* feminine singular of truccato
# nesprávně
## Czech
### Etymology

From nesprávný +‎ -ě.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnɛspraːvɲɛ]

### Adverb

nesprávně (comparative nesprávněji, superlative nejnesprávněji)
* incorrectly
    Antonym: správně

### Further reading

* “nesprávně”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “nesprávně”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “nesprávně”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# 擔任
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dānrèn
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢ ㄖㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daam$^1$ jam$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tâm-yim / tâm-ngim
    (Hailu, HRS): dam$^ˋ$ rhim$^˖$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tam-jīm / tam-līm
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dānrèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢ ㄖㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: danrèn
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^1$-jên$^4$
*** Yale: dān-rèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: danrenn
*** Palladius: даньжэнь (danʹžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tän⁵⁵ ʐən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daam$^1$ jam$^6$
*** Yale: dāam yahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daam$^1$ jam$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dam$^1$ yem$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːm⁵⁵ jɐm²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tâm-yim / tâm-ngim
*** Hakka Romanization System: dam$^ˊ$ im / dam$^ˊ$ ngim
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dam$^1$ yim$^4$ / dam$^1$ ngim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tam²⁴⁻¹¹ im⁵⁵/, /tam²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋim⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tâm-yim / tâm-ngim
*** Hakka Romanization System: dam$^ˊ$ (r)im / dam$^ˊ$ ngim
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dam$^1$ yim$^4$ / dam$^1$ ngim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tam²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)im⁵⁵/, /tam²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋim⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: dam$^ˋ$ rhim$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /tam⁵³ ʒim³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tam-jīm
*** Tâi-lô: tam-jīm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: damjim
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tam⁴⁴⁻³³ zim³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tam⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zim²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tam-līm
*** Tâi-lô: tam-līm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: damlim
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tam³³ lim⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tam⁴⁴⁻²² lim²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tam⁴⁴⁻³³ lim³³/

### Verb

擔任
* to assume; to take on; to serve; to hold; to take charge (of an office, position, role, post, etc.)

#### Synonyms

* 充任 (chōngrèn)
* 充作 (chōngzuò) (of an unqualified person or thing)
* 充當 / 充当 (chōngdāng)
* 坐投 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 坐擔 / 坐担 (Hokkien)
* 坐斗 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 承受 (chéngshòu)
* 承擔 / 承担 (chéngdān)
* 承當 / 承当 (chéngdāng)
* 接載 / 接载 (Hokkien)
* 擔 / 担
* 擔承 / 担承 (dānchéng)
* 擔當 / 担当 (dāndāng)
* 擔負 / 担负 (dānfù)
* 擔責承 / 担责承 (Hokkien)
* 擔領 / 担领 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 稟受 / 禀受 (bǐngshòu) (literary)
* 肩 (jiān)
* 肩負 / 肩负 (jiānfù)
* 負擔 / 负担 (fùdān)
* 負荷 / 负荷 (fùhè)
* 食坐 (Hokkien)
* 食擔 / 食担 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 擔 | 任 |

### Verb

擔任
* chữ Hán form of đảm nhiệm (“to take on (responsibility); to assume; to undertake”).
# 氣象臺
## Chinese

| | | meteorological phenomena; meteorology | (measure word); platform; stage(measure word); platform; stage; terrace; stand; support; desk; station; broadcasting station |
| trad. (氣象臺/氣象台) | trad. (氣象臺/氣象台) | 氣象 | 臺/台 |
| simp. (气象台) | simp. (气象台) | 气象 | 台 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qìxiàngtái
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄊㄞˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hei$^3$ zoeng$^6$ toi$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hi-siong-thòi
    (Hailu, HRS): hi$^ˇ$ siong$^˖$ toi
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ki$^3$ siang$^6$ tai$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qìxiàngtái
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄊㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cìsiàngtái
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^4$-hsiang$^4$-tʻai$^2$
*** Yale: chì-syàng-tái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chihshianqtair
*** Palladius: цисянтай (cisjantaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hei$^3$ zoeng$^6$ toi$^4$
*** Yale: hei jeuhng tòih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hei$^3$ dzoeng$^6$ toi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: héi$^3$ zêng$^6$ toi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hei̯³³ t͡sœːŋ²² tʰɔːi̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hi-siong-thòi
*** Hakka Romanization System: hi xiong toi$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hi$^4$ xiong$^4$ toi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi⁵⁵ si̯oŋ⁵⁵ tʰoi̯¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hi$^ˇ$ siong$^˖$ toi
*** Sinological IPA: /hi¹¹ sioŋ³³ tʰoi⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ki$^3$ siang$^6$ tai$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khì siăng thâi
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai⁵⁵/

### Noun

氣象臺
* meteorological observatory
* (figurative, humorous) someone who has rheumatism

#### Synonyms

* (meteorological observatory): (Hong Kong Cantonese) 天文臺／天文台 (tiānwéntái)