# اعتدال
## Arabic

* Root
* ع د ل (ʕ d l)
* 12 terms

### Etymology

Verbal noun of اِعْتَدَلَ (iʕtadala).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iʕ.ti.daːl/
* Rhymes: -aːl

### Noun

اِعْتِدَال • (iʕtidāl) m (plural اِعْتِدَالَات (iʕtidālāt))
* (uncountable) verbal noun of اِعْتَدَلَ (iʕtadala) (form VIII)
* moderation; mildness
* (astronomy) equinox

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: etidal
* → Ottoman Turkish: اعتدال (itidal)
** → Turkish: itidal
* → Persian: اعتدال (e'tedâl)
** → Tajik: иътидол (iʾtidol)
* → Uzbek: e'tidol

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِعْتِدَال (iʕtidāl, “moderation, mildness”).

### Noun

اعتدال • (i’tidâl) (definite accusative اعتذاری (i’tidâli), plural اعتذارلر (i’tidâller))
* moderation, temperance, the state or quality of being moderate, avoidance of extremes
** 1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk‎, page 40:بوراده‌كی ، اعتدال كلمه‌سندن ، مقصدك نه اوله‌بیله‌جكنك تفسیرینی ارباب اذعانه ترك ایدرم.Buradaki, itidal kelimesinden, maksadın ne olabileceğinin tefsirini erbab-ı izana terk ederim.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* equilibrium, balance, stability, a state or condition in which opposing forces harmonise
    Synonyms: دنك (denk), موازنه (muvâzene)
* symmetry, the exact correspondence on either side of a dividing line, plane, center or axis

#### Derived terms

* اعتدال بولمق (i’tidâl bulmak, “to attain to an equable state”)
* اعتدال خریفی (i’tidâl-i harifî, “autumnal equinoctial point”)
* اعتدال ربیعی (i’tidâl-i rebi’î, “vernal equinoctial point”)
* اعتدال هوا (i’tidâl-i hava, “temperate climate”)
* اعتدالسز (i’tidâlsiz, “immoderate”)
* اعتداللو (i’tidâlli, “moderate, temperate”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: itidal

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “itidal”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2265
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “iʼtidâl”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 564
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “اعتدال”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 109
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Temperantia”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1654
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “اعتدال”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 278
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “itidal”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اعتدال”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 139

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِعْتِدَال (iʕtidāl).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔiʔ.ti.ðɑːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔe̞ʔ.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔe̞ʔ.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑːl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔeː.t̪ʰɪ.d̪ɑːl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔeː.t̪ʰi.d̪ɔːl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔeʔ.t̪ʰe.d̪ɒːl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔeʔ.t̪ʰi.d̪ɔl]

### Noun

| Dari | اعتدال |
| Iranian Persian | اعتدال |
| Tajik | иътидол |
اعتدال • (e'tedâl)
* moderation; mildness; equanimity
    Synonyms: تعادل (ta'âdol), تساوی (tasâvi)
    حفظ اعتدال ― hefz-e e'tedâl ― keeping one's composure
** c. 1080, Kaykāwūs, Qābūs-nāma:نه بینی که زندگانی چراغ از روغن است، پس اگر بی‌حد و اندازه در چراغ روغن کنی در حال چراغ بمیرد و هم آن روغن که سبب مردن بود چون به اعتدال بود سبب حیات باشد و آن اسراف سبب ممات او بود، پس معلوم شد که چراغ از روغن زنده بود، چون از اعتدال بگذرد اسراف پدید آید و هم بدان روغن که زنده بود هم بدان روغن بمیردna bīnī ki zindagānī-yi čirāğ az rōğan ast, pas agar bi hadd u andāza dar čirāğ rōğan kunī dar hāl čirāğ bimīrad u ham ān rōğan ki sabab-i mordan buwad čūn ba i'tidāl buwad sabab-i hayāt bāšad u ān asrāf sabab-i mamāt-i ō buwad, pas ma'lūm šud ki čirāğ az rōğan zinda buwad, čūn az i'tidāl biguḏarad asrāf padīd āyad u ham bad-ān rōğan ki zinda buwad ham bad-ān rōğan bimīrad.Do you not see that the life of an oil lamp comes from the oil? [But] if you put too much oil in the lamp, it will immediately be extinguished. Further, when the oil which caused [the fire] to be extinguished is applied in moderation, the oil causes [the fire] to live. It is excess that causes [the fire] to be extinguished. Then it becomes clear that the lamp lives thanks to the oil. When one goes beyond moderation, excess comes about, and [the lamp] is extinguished by that very oil by which it lived.(Classical Persian transliteration)
* (astronomy) equinox
    اعتدال بهاری ― e'tedâl-e bahâri ― spring equinox
    اعتدال پاییزی ― e'tedâl-e pâyizi ― autumn equinox
* (music) temperament

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “اعتدال”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim