# 慕

| 慕 | U+6155, &#24917; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6155 |
| ← 慔 [U+6154] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 慖 → [U+6156] |

## Translingual
### Han character

慕 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿日大心 (TAKP), four-corner 4433$_3$, composition ⿱莫㣺)

#### Related characters

* 募 墓 幕
* 模 膜

#### Derived characters

* 𭋼, 𫲎, 𫾕, 𤪶, 𮍋, 𮪶

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 398, character 32
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11088
* Dae Jaweon: page 737, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2340, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6155

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 慕 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 蟆 | *mraː |
| 鬕 | *mraːɡs |
| 饃 | *maːl |
| 模 | *maː |
| 摸 | *maː, *maːɡ |
| 嫫 | *maː |
| 謨 | *maː |
| 膜 | *maː, *maːɡ |
| 摹 | *maː |
| 暮 | *maːɡs |
| 慕 | *maːɡs |
| 募 | *maːɡs |
| 墓 | *maːɡs |
| 慔 | *maːɡs |
| 莫 | *maːɡ |
| 寞 | *maːɡ |
| 漠 | *maːɡ |
| 幕 | *maːɡ |
| 鏌 | *maːɡ |
| 瘼 | *maːɡ |
| 鄚 | *maːɡ |
| 瞙 | *maːɡ |
| 嗼 | *maːɡ, *mraːɡ |
| 塻 | *maːɡ |
| 貘 | *mraːɡ |
| 驀 | *mraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maːɡs) : phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ) + semantic 㣺 (“heart”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mù (mu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mou$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mu
    (Hailu, HRS): mu$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mu$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bou$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mo$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$mu; $^6$mo
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mù
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mù
*** Wade–Giles: mu$^4$
*** Yale: mù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
*** Palladius: му (mu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^6$
*** Yale: mouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mu
*** Hakka Romanization System: mu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /mu⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: mu$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /mu¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /mu⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bou$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔu²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō͘
*** Tâi-lô: bōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bɔ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mo$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mŏ
*** Sinological IPA : /mo³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$mu; $^6$mo
*** MiniDict: mu$^去$; mo$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$mu; $^3$mo
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mu²³/, /mo²³/
* Middle Chinese: muH
Rime :
| Character | 慕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫故切 |
| Baxter | muH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muo$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mo$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mɔ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /mo$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /mu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /muo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*(C.)mˤak-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*maːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 慕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mu$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*(C.)mˁak-s/ |
| English | love; long for |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 慕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9248 |
| Phonetic component | 莫 |
| Rime group | 暮 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 暮 |
| Old Chinese | /*maːɡs/ |

### Definitions

慕
* to admire; to adore
* to long for; to desire; to yearn
* a surname

### Compounds

* 不慕
* 企慕 (qǐmù)
* 仰慕 (yǎngmù)
* 傾慕 / 倾慕 (qīngmù)
* 嚮慕 / 向慕 (xiàngmù)
* 孺慕
* 弋者何慕
* 心慕手追
* 心慕筆追 / 心慕笔追
* 思慕 (sīmù)
* 怨慕
* 想慕
* 愛慕 / 爱慕 (àimù)
* 感慕
* 慕勢 / 慕势
* 慕化
* 慕古
* 慕名
* 慕名而來 / 慕名而来
* 慕容 (Mùróng)
* 慕效
* 慕義 / 慕义
* 慕羶
* 慕藺 / 慕蔺
* 慕道 (mùdào)
* 慕顧 / 慕顾
* 戀慕 / 恋慕 (liànmù)
* 敬慕 (jìngmù)
* 景慕 (jǐngmù)
* 欽慕 / 钦慕 (qīnmù)
* 歆慕 (xīnmù)
* 永慕
* 注慕
* 渴慕 (kěmù)
* 百慕達 / 百慕达 (Bǎimùdá)
* 終天之慕 / 终天之慕
* 羨慕 / 羡慕 (xiànmù)
* 羶慕
* 蟻慕 / 蚁慕
* 貪位慕祿 / 贪位慕禄
* 貪榮慕利 / 贪荣慕利
* 貪財慕勢 / 贪财慕势
* 趨財慕勢 / 趋财慕势
* 軫慕 / 轸慕
* 那達慕 / 那达慕 (nàdámù)
* 鄉風慕義 / 乡风慕义

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “慕”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 161.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* pining

#### Readings

* Go-on: も (mo)
* Kan-on: ぼ (bo, Jōyō)
* Kun: したう (shitau, 慕う, Jōyō)

## Korean
### Hanja

慕 (eumhun 그리워할 모 (geuriwohal mo))
* hanja form of 모 (“long for, desire”)
* hanja form of 모 (“admire”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

慕: Hán Nôm readings: mộ, mồ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.