# 朱

| 朱 | U+6731, &#26417; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6731 |
| ← 朰 [U+6730] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 朲 → [U+6732] |

## Translingual
### Han character

朱 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹十木 (HJD), four-corner 2590$_0$, composition ⿰丿未 or ⿻𠂉木)

#### Derived characters

* 侏, 诛, 𠙎, 㧣, 咮, 姝, 洙, 邾, 陎, 𠱒, 𡥛, 𡱖, 𤝹, 𨒲, 𪣎, 𪨴, 𫷨, 㦵, 㸡, 䏭, 株, 殊, 珠, 𢼲, 𣂛, 𣆦, 𤈐, 𤔏, 𫾭, 𬆤, 㼡, 硃, 祩, 秼, 铢, 𣥵, 𤶎, 𥅲, 𫁍, 䇬, 䎷, 絑, 茱, 蛛, 袾, 𦐣, 𦐨, 𦧙, 䣷, 誅, 趎, 跦, 𧵺, 銖, 𣗾, 𣘈, 𨾲, 𪳔, 𬹣, 𣙸, 𩊣, 𩳅, 駯, 𩢻, 鮢, 鴸, 𣜱, 𪎡, 𪴄, 𣞊, 𧑤, 𪏿, 鼄, 𣠶

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 509, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14424
* Dae Jaweon: page 893, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1154, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6731

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 朱 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 咮 | *tu, *tus, *tos, *tjo |
| 株 | *to |
| 誅 | *to |
| 邾 | *to |
| 鼄 | *to |
| 跦 | *to |
| 袾 | *to, *tʰjo |
| 鴸 | *to, *tjo |
| 蛛 | *to |
| 殊 | *to, *djo |
| 趎 | *do |
| 珠 | *tjo |
| 朱 | *tjo |
| 侏 | *tjo |
| 絑 | *tjo |
| 祩 | *tjo, *tjos |
| 鮢 | *tjo |
| 硃 | *tjo |
| 姝 | *tʰjo |
| 銖 | *djo |
| 茱 | *djo |
| 洙 | *djo |
| 陎 | *djo |
Ideogram (指事) : a tree (木) with its center highlighted with an extra dot-like stroke, accentuating the tree's core; contrast 本, 末.

### Etymology 1

Compare Proto-Vietic *tɔh (“red”) (Schuessler, 2007). 赭 (OC *tjaːʔ, “red paint”) may be related.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhū (zhu$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zyu$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zi$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jy$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chû
    (Hailu, HRS): zhu$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zu$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zu$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cuŏ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zou$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zu$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tsy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhū
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhu
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^1$
*** Yale: jū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ju
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zyu$^1$
*** Yale: jyū
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzy$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ju$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syː⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jy$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû
*** Hakka Romanization System: zu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhu$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃu⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡su¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cuŏ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suo⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔu⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu
*** Tâi-lô: tsu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡su³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡su⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tsy
*** MiniDict: tsy$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tsr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyu
Rime :
| Character | 朱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 章俱切 |
| Baxter | tsyu |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕio/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cuə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕio/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zyu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*to/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjo/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 朱 | 朱 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhū | zhū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyu › | ‹ tsyu › |
| Old Chinese | /*to/ | /*to/ |
| English | dwarf | red |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 朱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17569 |
| Phonetic component | 朱 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 朱 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjo/ |
| Notes | 甲金文木中加劃表樹榦（本戴侗說），株初文 |

#### Definitions

朱
* cinnabar; vermilion
       jìn zhū zhě chì, jìn mò zhě hēi [Pinyin]
       who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl (literally: "Proximity to cinnabar makes one red, to pitch makes one black.")
* bright red
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ yuē: “Wù zǐ zhī duó zhū yě, wù zhèngshēng zhī luàn yǎyuè yě, wù lìkǒu zhī fù bāngjiā zhě.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "I hate the manner in which purple takes away the luster of vermilion. I hate the way in which the songs of Zheng confound the music of the Ya. I hate those who with their sharp mouths overthrow kingdoms and families."
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, triad slang) one
* a surname
    朱熹 ― Zhū Xī ― Zhu Xi (Song dynasty Neo-Confucian scholar)
    朱棣文 ― Zhū Dìwén ― Steven Chu (an American physicist and former U.S. Secretary of Energy)

##### Synonyms

* (surname): 未撇朱

#### Descendants

* → English: Chu, Zhu

#### Compounds

* 傅粉施朱
* 周程張朱 / 周程张朱
* 弄粉調朱 / 弄粉调朱
* 惡紫奪朱 / 恶紫夺朱
* 搓粉團朱 / 搓粉团朱
* 搓粉摶朱 / 搓粉抟朱
* 施朱傅粉
* 朱丹
* 朱光
* 朱印本
* 朱口皓齒 / 朱口皓齿
* 朱古力 (zhūgǔlì)
* 朱坡埡 / 朱坡垭
* 朱子學 / 朱子学 (Zhūzǐxué)
* 朱子家訓 / 朱子家训
* 朱子語錄 / 朱子语录
* 朱子語類 / 朱子语类
* 朱家峪 (Zhūjiāyù)
* 朱實 / 朱实
* 朱干玉戚
* 朱弦玉磬
* 朱彭 (Zhūpéng)
* 朱批 (zhūpī)
* 朱提
* 朱文 (zhūwén)
* 朱日和 (Zhūrìhé)
* 朱明 (zhūmíng)
* 朱槿
* 朱標 / 朱标
* 朱比特 (Zhūbǐtè)
* 朱河 (Zhūhé)
* 朱洪武
* 朱漆 (zhūqī)
* 朱灣 / 朱湾 (Zhūwān)
* 朱營 / 朱营 (Zhūyíng)
* 朱王堡
* 朱理安曆 / 朱理安历
* 朱瓦碧甍
* 朱甍碧瓦
* 朱砂 (zhūshā, “cinnabar”)
* 朱砂符
* 朱筆 / 朱笔 (zhūbǐ)
* 朱紅 / 朱红 (zhūhóng)
* 朱紫
* 朱絃 / 朱弦
* 朱紫難別 / 朱紫难别
* 朱羲 (zhūxī)
* 朱脣 / 朱唇
* 朱脣榴齒 / 朱唇榴齿
* 朱脣皓齒 / 朱唇皓齿
* 朱脣粉面 / 朱唇粉面
* 朱華 / 朱华
* 朱蕉 (zhūjiāo)
* 朱衣 (Zhūyī)
* 朱衣吏
* 朱衣神
* 朱衣點頭 / 朱衣点头
* 朱記 / 朱记
* 朱諾 / 朱诺 (Zhūnuò)
* 朱軒 / 朱轩
* 朱輪 / 朱轮
* 朱輪華轂 / 朱轮华毂
* 朱轓皂蓋 / 朱𰺜皂盖
* 朱邸
* 朱門 / 朱门 (zhūmén)
* 朱門繡戶 / 朱门绣户
* 朱閣 / 朱阁
* 朱閣青樓 / 朱阁青楼
* 朱陳 / 朱陈
* 朱陳之好 / 朱陈之好
* 朱陸異同 / 朱陆异同
* 朱雀 (zhūquè)
* 朱雀橋 / 朱雀桥
* 朱集 (Zhūjí)
* 朱雲折檻 / 朱云折槛
* 朱頂 / 朱顶
* 朱顏 / 朱颜 (zhūyán)
* 朱顏粉面 / 朱颜粉面
* 朱顏鶴髮 / 朱颜鹤发
* 朱鳥 / 朱鸟
* 朱鷺 / 朱鹭 (zhūlù)
* 朱黃 / 朱黄
* 朱墨
* 朱墨本
* 朱墨爛然 / 朱墨烂然
* 滿臉濺朱 / 满脸溅朱
* 琴斷朱弦 / 琴断朱弦
* 畫閣朱樓 / 画阁朱楼
* 白髮朱顏 / 白发朱颜
* 皓齒朱脣 / 皓齿朱唇
* 看朱成碧
* 碧瓦朱甍
* 程朱
* 紆朱懷金 / 纡朱怀金
* 紅紫亂朱 / 红紫乱朱
* 綠鬢朱顏 / 绿鬓朱颜
* 繡衣朱履 / 绣衣朱履
* 脣如塗朱 / 唇如涂朱
* 西朱範 / 西朱范 (Xīzhūfàn)
* 近朱近墨
* 銀朱 / 银朱

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shū, shú, zhū (shu$^1$, shu$^2$, zhu$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨ, ㄕㄨˊ, ㄓㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): syu$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shū
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shu
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^1$
*** Yale: shū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shu
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shú
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shú
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^2$
*** Yale: shú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shwu
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhū
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhu
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^1$
*** Yale: jū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ju
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syu$^4$
*** Yale: syùh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sy$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /syː²¹/

#### Definitions

朱
* Only used in 朱提 (Shūshí).

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zyu$^1$
*** Yale: jyū
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzy$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ju$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syː⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

朱
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 朱古力.
    熱朱／热朱 [Cantonese] ― jit$^6$ zyu$^1$ [Jyutping] ― hot chocolate

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* vermilion
* cinnabar
* scarlet
* red
* bloody

#### Readings

* Go-on: す (su)
* Kan-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō)
* Kun: あか (aka, 朱)、あき (aki, 朱)、あけ (ake, 朱)
* Nanori: あかね (akane)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 朱
* あけ Grade: S
* kun'yomi

#### Noun

朱(あけ) • (ake)
* crimson

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 朱
* あか Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 朱 – see the following entry. :
| 【赤あか】1 | [noun] red (color) [noun] communism, socialism [noun] a communist [prefix] entirely Alternative spelling アカ |
(This term, 朱, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 朱
* しゅ Grade: S
* kan'on

#### Noun

朱(しゅ) • (shu)
* Abbreviation of 朱色 (“vermilion”).

## Korean
### Hanja

朱 (eumhun 붉을 주 (bulgeul ju))
* Hanja form of 주 (“vermillion, cinnabar”).

## Vietnamese
### Han character

朱: Hán Nôm readings: cho, chẩu, chõ, Chu, chau, châu, choa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.