OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# lhostejný
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech lhostajný (“carefree, unworried”) with semantic shift.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlɦostɛjniː]

### Adjective

lhostejný (comparative lhostejnější, superlative nejlhostejnější, adverb lhostejně or lhostejno)
* indifferent (not caring)

#### Usage notes

When used with a subject, the subject takes the place of the English object and vice versa, so that for example "I am indifferent to mathematics" translates as "matematika je mi lhostejná", literally "mathematics is to me indifferent".

#### Derived terms

* lhostejně
* lhostejno
* lhostejnost

### Further reading

* “lhostejný”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “lhostejný”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “lhostejný”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# αριστεριστών
## Greek
### Noun

αριστεριστών • (aristeristón) m
* genitive plural of αριστεριστής (aristeristís)
# fubpee
## English
### Etymology

A pronunciation of FBPE as if a word rather than an initialism.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

fubpee (plural fubpees)
* (Internet slang, derogatory) A supporter of the FBPE campaign against Brexit.
** 2023 July 27, Podcasting is Praxis, “E213 - The Rest Is Dinner Parties”, in Muck Rack‎:About this epsiode In which Huw from WDTATW joins us as we absorb many hours of the smug middle class vaporware pod The Rest Is Politics; feelgood analysis for the post-fubpee dad.
# trip over
## English
### Verb

trip over (third-person singular simple present trips over, present participle tripping over, simple past and past participle tripped over)
* To trip or stumble and almost fall, as a result of bumping into someone or something with one's feet.
# Abwehrens
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Abwehrens n
* genitive of Abwehren
# adarvareis
## Portuguese
### Verb

adarvareis
* second-person plural future indicative of adarvar

## Spanish
### Verb

adarvareis
* second-person plural future subjunctive of adarvar
# žaludek
## Czech
### Alternative forms

* žaloudek (dated)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech želudek, from Proto-Slavic *želǫdъkъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʒaludɛk]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

žaludek m inan
* stomach
    špatněl/blbě od žaludku ― sick to one's stomach

#### Derived terms

* svalnatý žaludek
* žaludeční

### Further reading

* “žaludek”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “žaludek”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “žaludek”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# frača
## Slovene
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fràːt͡ʃa/

### Noun

fráča f
* slingshot

### Further reading

* “frača”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “frača”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references
# heliophile
## English
### Etymology

From helio- +‎ -phile.

### Noun

heliophile (plural heliophiles)
* Any organism that is attracted to sunlight.
* A person who enjoys sunny weather.

#### Related terms

* heliophilia
* heliophilous
# αριστεριστές
## Greek
### Noun

αριστεριστές • (aristeristés) m
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of αριστεριστής (aristeristís)
# Θρᾷξ
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* Θρῇξ (Thrêix) — Tragic, Epic

### Etymology

From the base of θράσσω, alternate form of ταράσσω (tarássō, “to trouble, stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreh₂gʰ- (“to confuse, agitate, disturb”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰrâːi̯ks/ → /θraks/ → /θraks/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /tʰrâːi̯ks/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /tʰraks/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /θraks/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /θraks/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /θraks/

### Proper noun

Θρᾷξ • (Thrâix) m (genitive Θρᾳκός); third declension (Attic, Koine)
* Thrax

### Noun

Θρᾷξ • (Thrâix) m (genitive Θρᾳκός); third declension (Attic, Koine)
* an inhabitant of Thrace; a Thracian

#### Inflection
### Derived terms

* Θρᾷσσα (Thrâissa)
* Θρᾴκη (Thrā́ikē)
* Θρᾴκιος (Thrā́ikios)
* Θρᾳσκίας (Thrāiskías)
* Σαμοθρᾴκη (Samothrā́ikē)
* Σαμόθρᾳξ (Samóthrāix)

### Descendants

* Greek: Θραξ (Thrax), Θράκας (Thrákas)
* Latin: Thrāx, thraex

### References

* “Θρᾷξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “Θρᾷξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,027
* Sievers' Law and the History of Semivowel Syllabicity in Indo-European and Ancient Greek
# trips over
## English
### Verb

trips over
* third-person singular simple present indicative of trip over
# mobily
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmobɪlɪ]

### Noun

mobily
* nominative/accusative/vocative/instrumental plural of mobil
# intervenir
## Catalan
### Alternative forms

* intervindre

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin intervenīre (“intervene”). Cf. also the archaic and dialectal form entrevenir, which may have been inherited.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [in.tər.bəˈni]
* IPA: (Balearic) [in.tər.vəˈni]
* IPA: (Valencia) [in.teɾ.veˈniɾ]
* Rhymes: -i(ɾ)

### Verb

intervenir (first-person singular present intervinc, first-person singular preterite intervinguí, past participle intervingut); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/
* to intervene

#### Related terms

* intervenció
* interventor
* venir

### Further reading

* “intervenir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “intervenir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “intervenir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “intervenir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French intervenir (attested since 1475), borrowed from Latin intervenīre (“intervene”). Compare also Old French entrevenir, which may have been inherited or a composition with venir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ̃.tɛʁ.və.niʁ/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: in‧ter‧ve‧nir

### Verb

intervenir
* to intervene
* to take part
    Synonym: prendre part

#### Conjugation

* This is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -venir, such as convenir and devenir, are conjugated this way. Such verbs are the only verbs whose the past historic and subjunctive imperfect endings do not start in one of these thematic vowels (-a-, -i-, -u-).

#### Related terms

* intervenant (“intervening; stakeholder”)
* interventeur
* intervention (“intervention”)

### Further reading

* “intervenir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin intervenīre (“intervene”). Cf. also the archaic form entrevenir, which may have been inherited.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /inteɾbeˈniɾ/ [ĩn̪.t̪eɾ.β̞eˈniɾ]
* Rhymes: -iɾ
* Syllabification: in‧ter‧ve‧nir

### Verb

intervenir (first-person singular present intervengo, first-person singular preterite intervine, past participle intervenido)
* to intervene
* to participate
    Synonyms: participar, tomar parte, ter parte

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* intervención
* interventor

### Further reading

* “intervenir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# E375
## Translingual
### Noun

E375
* (food manufacture) Niacin, nicotinic acid or nicotinamide when used as a colour retention agent.
# adarvarem
## Portuguese
### Verb

adarvarem
* inflection of adarvar:
** third-person plural future subjunctive
** third-person plural personal infinitive
# gewoon
## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch gewoon.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /χəˈvʊə̯n/

### Adjective

gewoon (attributive gewoon, comparative gewooner, superlative gewoonste)
* usual, ordinary

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch gewone. Equivalent to ge- +‎ wennen with ablaut.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣəˈʋoːn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ge‧woon
* Rhymes: -oːn

### Adjective

gewoon (comparative gewoner, superlative gewoonst)
* regular, ordinary, usual
    Dit is maar een gewone postzegel.This is just an ordinary stamp.
* normal, common
    Hij is een gewone jongen.He's a normal boy.
* (governing verbs) wont, having a certain habit [with om ‘to’]
    Zij is gewoon om iedere zaterdag knetterstoned te worden.She is wont to get stoned like mad on every Saturday.

#### Derived terms

* buitengewoon
* gewoonlijk
* gewoonte
* ongewoon
* gewone bereklauw
* gewone brunel
* gewone dophei
* gewone eikvaren
* gewone esdoorn
* gewone hoornbloem
* gewone huislook
* gewone jakhals
* gewone klaproos
* gewone margriet
* gewone ossentong
* gewone pastinaak
* gewone raket
* gewone rolklaver
* gewone smeerwortel
* gewone veldsla
* gewone vleugeltjesbloem
* gewone vogelmelk
* gewoon barbarakruid
* gewoon biggenkruid
* gewoon guichelheil

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: gewoon
* Negerhollands: geween
* → Aukan: kuwownu
* → Papiamentu: gewoon, gewon, hewon
* → Sranan Tongo: gewoon
** → Caribbean Javanese: kuwun

### Adverb

gewoon
* simply, just
    Je moet gewoon op het knopje drukken.You simply have to push the button.

#### Alternative forms

* (text messaging) gwn
# αριστοτεχνήματα
## Greek
### Noun

αριστοτεχνήματα • (aristotechnímata) n
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of αριστοτέχνημα (aristotéchnima)
# plači
## Serbo-Croatian
### Verb

plači (Cyrillic spelling плачи)
* second-person singular imperative of plakati
# tripping over
## English
### Verb

tripping over
* present participle and gerund of trip over
# Abwerben
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Abwerben n (strong, genitive Abwerbens, no plural)
* gerund of abwerben
# sarou
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ow

### Verb

sarou
* third-person singular preterite indicative of sarar

## Sora
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saroʊ/

### Noun

sarou
* rice (tree, growing on paddy field)
# adarvaríeis
## Portuguese
### Verb

adarvaríeis
* second-person plural conditional of adarvar
# giogare
## Italian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin iugāre (“to yoke”). By surface analysis, giogo +‎ -are.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒoˈɡa.re/
* Rhymes: -are
* Hyphenation: gio‧gà‧re

### Verb

giogàre (first-person singular present giógo, first-person singular past historic giogài, past participle giogàto, auxiliary avére)
* (transitive, archaic) to yoke
    Synonym: aggiogare

#### Derived terms

* giogato
* giogatura

### References

* “giogare”, in Grande dizionario della lingua italiana, volume 6 fio–graul, UTET, 1970, page 807c
# αριστοτεχνισσών
## Greek
### Noun

αριστοτεχνισσών • (aristotechnissón) f
* genitive plural of αριστοτέχνισσα (aristotéchnissa)
# dráttarvextir
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From dráttur (“dragging”) +‎ vextir (“interest”).

### Noun

dráttarvextir m pl (plural only, genitive plural dráttarvaxta)
* late payment interest, overdue charge
# tripping over oneself
## English
### Verb

tripping over oneself
* present participle and gerund of trip over oneself
# tricking up
## English
### Verb

tricking up
* present participle and gerund of trick up
# cryptoendolithic
## English
### Etymology

From crypto- +‎ endolithic or cryptoendolith +‎ -ic.

### Adjective

cryptoendolithic (not comparable)
* Relating to, or characteristic of, a cryptoendolith.
# asociace
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

asociace f
* association (a group of persons associated for a common purpose; an organization; society)
    Synonyms: sdružení n, společenství n
* association (a connection to or an affiliation with something)
    Synonym: spojení n

#### Derived terms

* asociační

#### Related terms

* asociovat

### Further reading

* “asociace”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “asociace”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# adarvando
## Portuguese
### Verb

adarvando
* gerund of adarvar

## Spanish
### Verb

adarvando
* gerund of adarvar
# prezidente
## Ladino
### Alternative forms

* presidénte

### Noun

prezidénte (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling פריזידינטי)
* (politics) president

## Latvian
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

prezidente f (5th declension, masculine form: prezidents)
* president, female equivalent of prezidents

#### Declension
## Tetum
### Etymology

From Portuguese presidente.

### Noun

prezidente
* president

#### Related terms

* prezidénsia
# αριστοτέχνες
## Greek
### Noun

αριστοτέχνες • (aristotéchnes) m
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of αριστοτέχνης (aristotéchnis)
# placò
## Italian
### Verb

placò
* third-person singular past historic of placare

### Anagrams

* colpa, palco, polca
# scoffable
## English
### Etymology

From scoff +‎ -able.

### Adjective

scoffable (comparative more scoffable, superlative most scoffable)
* (slang) Able to be scorned or mocked at.
* (slang) Able to be devoured.
    Synonym: scarfable
# runnel
## English
### Alternative forms

* rinel, rindle

### Etymology

From Middle English runel, rennel, rinel, from Old English rynel (“that which runs; runner; stream”), from Proto-Germanic *runilaz, equivalent to run +‎ -el. Cognate with Scots rinel, rinnal (“stream; runnel”), Swedish rännel (“runner; runnel”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɹʌnəl/, /ˈɹʌn.l/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌnəl
* Hyphenation: run‧nel

### Noun

runnel (plural runnels)
* A small stream, a rivulet.
** 1892 March, “Mother Talks—A Spring Walk”, in Cora L. Stockham, Andrea Hofer, editors, The Kindergarten Magazine […], volume IV, number VII, Chicago, Ill.: Kindergarten Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 471, column 2:Spring, is ye comen in, / Dappled larke singe, / Snow melteth, / Runnel pelteth, / Smelleth wind of newe buddinge.
** 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:Every little runnel in the bay was astir, and yet the land around him was as dry as flax, and no drop of rain had fallen.
** 1998, A. S. Byatt, Elementals: Stories of Fire and Ice, Chatto & Windus:[…] great chambers in the rock where all sorts of plants were growing, under windows which had been cut to let in the sun, and glazed to adjust his warmth, and where runnels of water ran between fruit trees and seedlings, pumpkin plants and herbs.
* A small artificial channel for water to flow in.
** 1907, Ronald M. Burrows, The Discoveries In Crete, page 9:Still lower down the slope, on a staircase by the Eastern Bastion, there is an elaborate piece of hydraulic science for checking the flow of water. A stone runnel is made to descend the stairs in a series of parabolic curves which would subject the water to friction, and thus reduce its velocity and the consequent danger of a flood on the pavement below.

#### Translations
### Verb

runnel (third-person singular simple present runnels, present participle (UK) runnelling or (US) runneling, simple past and past participle (UK) runnelled or (US) runneled)
* To create channels for directing the flow of liquid.
** 2009, Neil Saintilan, Australian Saltmarsh Ecology, →ISBN, page 176:Not all saltmarshes are suited to habitat modification, but where they are, runnelling provides long-term and cost-effective control with minor non-target impacts.
** 2014, Paul Salopek, Blessed. Cursed. Claimed., National Geographic (December 2014)
    The people who settled here weren’t farmers. They hunted. Yet they built a large amphitheater of mud, a platform carefully runneled to carry liquid—possibly blood.

### Anagrams

* Lunner, lunner
# ахосал
## Belarusian
### Alternative forms

* ахосэл (axósel), ахосл (axósl)
* achosal, achosał — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

### Etymology

Apparently borrowed from Yiddish [Term?] (“suitor, boyfriend, lady's man”). Further etymology uncertain.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [aˈxosaɫ]

### Noun

ахо́сал • (axósal) m pers (genitive ахо́сала, nominative plural ахо́салы, genitive plural ахо́салаў)
* (colloquial, dialectal, obsolete, somewhat derogatory) lover, boyfriend
    Synonyms: сю́бар (sjúbar), ха́халь (xáxalʹ), заляцанец (zaljacanjec)
    І ў яе́ ўжо свой ахо́сал завёўся. ― I ŭ jajé ŭžo svoj axósal zavjóŭsja. ― And she already got her own lover.

#### Usage notes

* In the past, it was used disparagingly especially by parents to describe lovers or boyfriends of their children who for example would crash weddings and other events in a crass manner.

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

### References

* “ахосал” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

### Further reading

* https://2ch.life/fl/arch/2019-05-03/res/315426.html
* https://2ch.life/fl/arch/2018-07-29/res/312981.html
# swingen
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English swing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsʋɪ.ŋə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: swin‧gen
* Rhymes: -ɪŋən

### Verb

swingen
* (intransitive) to swing

#### Conjugation
## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from English swing. Doublet of schwingen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈswɪ.ŋən/
* Rhymes: -ɪŋən

### Verb

swingen (weak, third-person singular present swingt, past tense swingte, past participle geswingt, auxiliary haben)
* (music) to swing
* to swing (to engage in swinging, wife-swapping)

#### Related terms

* Swing

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch *swingan, from Proto-West Germanic *swingan (“to swing”).

### Verb

swingen
* (intransitive) to swing, to sway
* (intransitive) to fall, to topple
* (transitive) to swing, to sway
* (transitive) to fling outwards

#### Descendants

* Limburgish: zwinge

### Further reading

* “swinghen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “swingen (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## Middle English
### Verb

swingen
* Alternative form of swyngen

## Middle High German
### Etymology

Inherited from Old High German swingan, from Proto-West Germanic *swingan, from Proto-Germanic *swinganą.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (before 13th CE) /ˈs̠wiŋɡən/

### Verb

swingen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present swinget, past tense swanc, past participle geswungen, past subjunctive swünge, auxiliary hān)
* to swing

#### Descendants

* German: schwingen

### References

* Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “swingen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
# Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
## English
### Proper noun

Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
* One of the départements in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. Capital: Digne-les-Bains (INSEE code 04).

#### Translations
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /al.p(ə).də.ot.pʁɔ.vɑ̃s/
* Audio (Paris):(file)

### Proper noun

Alpes-de-Haute-Provence f pl (plural only)
* Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (a department of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)

#### Derived terms

* Bas-alpins
* bas-alpins

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French Alpes-de-Haute-Provence.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Proper noun

Alpes-de-Haute-Provence m pl
* (proscribed) Alternative form of Alpes da Alta Provença
** 2015 April 4, Reuters, “França encerra busca por corpos em local de queda de avião [France ends search for bodies at plane crash site]”, in Terra‎, archived from the original on 2015-04-05, Notícias, Mundo, Europa [News, World, Europe]:"A busca por corpos foi terminada, mas a busca por pertences das vítimas continua", disse o porta-voz da autoridade do governo local na região de Alpes-de-Haute-Provence à Reuters.“The search for bodies has been completed, but the search for the victims' belongings continues,” a spokesman for the local government authority in the region of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence told Reuters.
** 2015 March 24, “Avião fez pedido de socorro antes de cair nos Alpes [Plane made distress call before crashing in the Alps]”, in Diário Digital do SAPO, (available only in a corpus):O avião Airbus A320 da companhia Germanwings fez um pedido de socorro antes de se despenhar perto do município de Prads-Haute-Bléone, no departamento de Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, indicou a direcção geral da Aviação Civil francesa em comunicado.The Germanwings Airbus A320 made a distress call before crashing near the town of Prads-Haute-Bléone, in the départment of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, the French Directorate General for Civil Aviation said in a statement.
** 2017 May 9, Agencia Efe, “Avalanche de neve deixa 3 mortos nos Alpes franceses [Snow avalanche leaves 3 dead in the French Alps]”, in UOL (Universo Online)‎, Notícias [News]:O departamento de Savoie se encontra em alerta amarelo para avalanches, assim como outros na região dos Alpes, como Haute-Savoie, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence e Alpes-Maritimes.The département of Savoie is on yellow alert for avalanches, as are others in the Alps region, such as Haute-Savoie, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, and Alpes-Maritimes.

#### Usage notes

The Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990 recommends the use of nativized forms of placenames (instead of unadapted borrowings) if these are already established in the language. As such, the form Alpes da Alta Provença is preferred.
# Αριστοφάνη
## Greek
### Noun

Αριστοφάνη • (Aristofáni) m
* genitive/accusative/vocative singular of Αριστοφάνης (Aristofánis)
# 干犯
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gānfàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ ㄈㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gon$^1$ faan$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kan-hoān / kan-hoǎn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gānfàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ ㄈㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ganfàn
*** Wade–Giles: kan$^1$-fan$^4$
*** Yale: gān-fàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganfann
*** Palladius: ганьфань (ganʹfanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kän⁵⁵ fän⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$乾飯 / 干饭 干犯
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gon$^1$ faan$^6$
*** Yale: gōn faahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gon$^1$ faan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gon$^1$ fan$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːn⁵⁵ faːn²²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$乾飯 / 干饭 干犯
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-hoān
*** Tâi-lô: kan-huān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kanhoan
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² huan²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴⁻³³ huan³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-hoǎn
*** Tâi-lô: kan-huǎn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ huan²²/

### Verb

干犯
* (literary) to offend; to encroach upon

#### Synonyms

* 冒犯 (màofàn)
* 唐突 (tángtū) (literary)
* 得失 (déshī) (dialectal)
* 得罪 (dézuì)
* 惹
* 沖犯 / 冲犯 (chōngfàn)
* 碰撞 (pèngzhuàng)
* 衝撞 / 冲撞 (chōngzhuàng)
* 觸犯 / 触犯 (chùfàn)
* 開罪 / 开罪 (kāizuì) (literary)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 干犯(かんぱん) (kanpan)
* → Korean: 간범(干犯) (ganbeom)
* → Vietnamese: can phạm (干犯)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 干 | 犯 |
| かん Grade: 6 | ぱん Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かんぱん [kàńpáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kã̠mpã̠ɴ]

### Noun

干(かん)犯(ぱん) • (kanpan)
* infringement, violation

### Verb

干(かん)犯(ぱん)する • (kanpan suru) suru (stem 干(かん)犯(ぱん)し (kanpan shi), past 干(かん)犯(ぱん)した (kanpan shita))
* to offend
* to violate