# 坯

| 坯 | U+576F, &#22383; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-576F |
| ← 坮 [U+576E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 坰 → [U+5770] |

## Translingual
### Han character

坯 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土一火一 (GMFM), four-corner 4111$_9$, composition ⿰土丕)
* dam, embankment
* weir

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 28
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4984
* Dae Jaweon: page 462, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 430, character 1
* Unihan data for U+576F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 肧 | *pʰlɯː, *pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː |
| 俖 | *pʰɯːʔ |
| 娝 | *prɯʔ |
| 痞 | *prɯʔ, *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ |
| 丕 | *pʰrɯ |
| 伾 | *pʰrɯ |
| 秠 | *pʰrɯ, *pʰrɯʔ, *pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ |
| 駓 | *pʰrɯ |
| 怌 | *pʰrɯ |
| 豾 | *pʰrɯ |
| 髬 | *pʰrɯ |
| 魾 | *pʰrɯ, *brɯ |
| 鉟 | *pʰrɯ, *brɯ |
| 嚭 | *pʰrɯʔ |
| 邳 | *brɯ |
| 岯 | *brɯ |
| 否 | *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ |
| 抔 | *bɯ, *pʰlɯː |
| 不 | *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ' |
| 紑 | *pɯ, *pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ |
| 鴀 | *pɯ, *pɯʔ |
| 衃 | *pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː |
| 罘 | *bɯ |
| 芣 | *bɯ |
| 杯 | *plɯː |
| 盃 | *plɯː |
| 桮 | *pɯː |
| 坯 | *pʰɯː |
| 胚 | *pʰɯː |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰɯː) : semantic 土 + phonetic 丕 (OC *pʰrɯ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): pī, pēi
       (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧ, ㄆㄟ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pei$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pui$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phôi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): poi$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): pi$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): pó
* Eastern Min (BUC): puŏi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phe / pher / phoe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): puê$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$phe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pei$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pī
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pi
*** Wade–Giles: pʻi$^1$
*** Yale: pī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pi
*** Palladius: пи (pi)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pīr
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pir
*** Wade–Giles: pʻi$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: pīr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: piel
*** Palladius: пир (pir)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰiə̯ɻ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pēi
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pei
*** Wade–Giles: pʻei$^1$
*** Yale: pēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pei
*** Palladius: пэй (pɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰeɪ̯⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: pei$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pei
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰei⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pui$^1$
*** Yale: pūi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pui$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pui$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuːi̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phôi
*** Hakka Romanization System: poi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: poi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰoi̯²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: poi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰoɪ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: pi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰi¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pó
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰo⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: puŏi
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰui⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phe
*** Tâi-lô: phe
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phef
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /pʰe⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pher
*** Tâi-lô: pher
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰə³³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phoe
*** Tâi-lô: phue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoef
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰue³³/
* phe/pher - vernacular (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei;
* “unfinished product”);
* phoe - vernacular (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung;
* “unfinished product”);
* phoe - literary (Xiamen, Quanzhou).
* Middle Chinese: phwoj
Rime :
| Character | 坯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 芳杯切 |
| Baxter | phwoj |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰuʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰuoi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰuɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰwəj/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰuᴀi/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰuɒi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pʰuɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pēi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pui$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 坯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1046 |
| Phonetic component | 不 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 肧 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰɯː/ |

#### Definitions

坯
* unburnt pottery and bricks; base; blank; mold
* adobe; unburnt brick
* (dialectal, figurative) unfinished product; semifinished product
    粗坯 [Hokkien] ― chho͘-phe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― semi-finished product

#### Synonyms

* (unfinished product):
* 半成品 (bànchéngpǐn)
* 半製品 / 半制品 (bànzhìpǐn)
* 在製品 / 在制品 (zàizhìpǐn)
* 坯料 (pīliào)
* 毛坯 (máopī)
* 粗坯 (Hokkien)

#### Compounds

* 土坯 (tǔpī)
* 坯子 (pīzi)
* 坯布
* 坯料 (pīliào)
* 坯體 / 坯体
* 壞坯子 / 坏坯子
* 殺坯 / 杀坯
* 毛坯 (máopī)
* 泥坯
* 磚坯 / 砖坯 (zhuānpī)
* 線坯子 / 线坯子
* 製坯 / 制坯
* 麵坯兒 / 面坯儿

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 坯 – see 壞 (“bad; rotten; spoiled; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 壞).

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 坯 – see 坏 (“unfired pottery and bricks; base; low hill; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 坏).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ひ (hi)、はい (hai)、へ (he)
* Kun: おか (oka)

## Korean
### Hanja

坯 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

坯: Hán Nôm readings: phôi, phơ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation