# 冬季
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dōngjì
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥ ㄐㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dung$^1$ gwai$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tûng-kui
    (Hailu, HRS): dung$^ˋ$ gui$^ˇ$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tang-kùi / tong-kùi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dōngjì
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dongjì
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^1$-chi$^4$
*** Yale: dūng-jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongjih
*** Palladius: дунцзи (dunczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dung$^1$ gwai$^3$
*** Yale: dūng gwai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dung$^1$ gwai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dung$^1$ guei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-kui
*** Hakka Romanization System: dung$^ˊ$ gui
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dung$^1$ gui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯i⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: dung$^ˋ$ gui$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /tuŋ⁵³ kui¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-kùi
*** Tâi-lô: tang-kuì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dangkuix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ kui⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kui²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kui¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kui²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tong-kùi
*** Tâi-lô: tong-kuì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dongkuix
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kui¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kui²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kui²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ³³ kui⁴¹/

### Noun

冬季
* winter

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 冬, 冬日 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 冬天, 冬季, 冬日 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Wuchang (Yingchengzi) | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 冬天, 冬底下 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xianxian (Xiaoying) | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 冬天 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 冬天, 冬季天兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 冬天 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 冬天 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 冬天, 冬季天兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 冬天, 臘月天兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 冬間 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 冬天, 九天, 九裡頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 冬天, 冬裡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 冬天, 冬裡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 冬天, 寒天, 冬上 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 冷天, 冬天, 寒裡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 冬天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 冬天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yongning (Najiahu) | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 冬天, 冬月天, 冷月天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 冬天, 冬裡 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 冬天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 冬天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Xigou) | 冬天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Changshanzi) | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 冬天, 冬天家 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 冬天, 寒天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 冬天, 寒天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 冬天, 冷天, 冬辰 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 冬季, 冬天, 冷天, 冷季 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 冬天, 冷天裡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 冬天, 寒天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 冬天, 冬天家, 寒天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 冷天家 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 寒天, 寒冷天, 冬月天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 冬天, 冷天, 北風天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 冷天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 冷天, 冬天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 冷天, 冬寒天, 冬天, 寒裡 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 冬天, 寒天, 寒裡 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 冬天, 寒裡頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 寒天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 冬天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 冬天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 冬天道, 冷天道 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 冬天, 凍天 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 冬天 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 冬天 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 天冷天 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jiangkou) | 冷天, 冬天 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 冬天, 北風天 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 冬天 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 冬天 |
| Gan | Pengze | 冬下天 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 冷天 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 冷天, 冬下裡 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 冬天, 冬下, 冬下頭, 寒天, 冷天 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 冷天 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 冷天 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 冬下晨 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 冷天 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 冬下 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 冬下 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 寒天, 冷天, 冬下頭 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 寒天, 冷天, 冬下頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 寒天, 冷天, 冬下頭, 冬下時 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 寒天, 冬下頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 寒天, 冬下頭, 冬下時 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 寒天, 冬天 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Shahe) | 冬天 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Longtan) | 冬天 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Lingping) | 冷天 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) | 冬天 |
| Hakka | Xingye (Gaofeng) | 冬下天 |
| Hakka | Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) | 冬天 |
| Hakka | Pingle (Tong'an) | 冬天 |
| Hakka | Yangshuo (Jinbao) | 冬天, 冬下 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 冬天, 冬季 |
| Hakka | Pontianak (Meixian) | 冷天 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 下冬, 冬場子, 冬場下 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 冬天 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 冬天 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 冬天, 冬末寒天 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 冬天, 冬哩 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 冬天, 冬金天, 冬兒, 冬景天 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 冬天 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 冬天 |
| Jin | Linhe | 冬天, 冬天裡 |
| Jin | Jining | 冬天 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 冬天 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 冬天 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 冬天 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 冬天 |
| Jin | Handan | 冬天 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 冬天 |
| Jin | Suide | 冬裡 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 冬天 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 凊天, 冬天 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 凊天 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 凊天, 冬天 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 凊天 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 冬天, 寒天, 寒冬, 寒儂 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 冬天, 寒天, 寒儂 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 寒天, 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 冬天, 寒天, 寒冬 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 寒天, 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 寒天, 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 冬仔, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 冬天, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 冬天, 寒天儂 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 冬天, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 冬天, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 寒儂 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 寒天, 在冬 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Pingle (Zhoutang) | 寒天, 冷天, 冬月天 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 冬天時, 凝天時 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 凝天時, 凊天時, 凊天 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 冬天時, 凝天時, 寒天時 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 凝天時, 凊天時, 冬天時 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 冬季 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 寒天 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 寒天, 冬天 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 冬天 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 冬季 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) | 冬天 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 冷天, 冬天 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 冬天 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 冬天 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 冬天, 冷天, 冬場裡, 寒場裡 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 寒天, 寒場裡, 寒裡 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 冬天, 冷天, 寒天 |
| Wu | Danyang | 冬天, 冬天頭, 冬季 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 冬天 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 冬天價, 冬天 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 天色冷, 十二月 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 冬天 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 冬裡 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 冬天 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 冬天 |

#### Derived terms

* 冬季兩項／冬季两项 (dōngjì liǎngxiàng)
* 冬季奧林匹克運動會／冬季奥林匹克运动会 (Dōngjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 冬 | 季 |
| とう Grade: 2 | き Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とーき [tóꜜòkì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [to̞ːkʲi]

### Noun

冬(とう)季(き) • (tōki)
* (season) winter

#### Synonyms

* 冬(ふゆ) (fuyu)
* 冬期(とうき) (tōki)

### See also

Seasons in Japanese · 四(し)季(き) (shiki, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category :
| 春(はる) (haru, “spring”) 春(しゅん)季(き) (shunki, “spring”) 春(しゅん)期(き) (shunki, “spring period”) | 夏(なつ) (natsu, “summer”) 夏(か)季(き) (kaki, “summer”) 夏(か)期(き) (kaki, “summer period”) | 秋(あき) (aki, “fall; autumn”) 秋(しゅう)季(き) (shūki, “fall; autumn”) 秋(しゅう)期(き) (shūki, “fall period”) | 冬(ふゆ) (fuyu, “winter”) 冬(とう)季(き) (tōki, “winter”) 冬(とう)期(き) (tōki, “winter period”) |

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 冬 | 季 |

### Noun

冬季 • (donggye) (hangeul 동계)
* hanja form of 동계 (“winter”)