# πταίω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *p(y)eh₂w- (“to strike, hit”), and cognate with Latin paviō (“to beat, strike”) and Lithuanian pjáuti (“to reap, cut”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ptǎi̯.ɔː/ → /ˈptɛ.o/ → /ˈpte.o/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ptǎi̯.ɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈptɛ.o/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈptɛ.o/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈpte.o/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈpte.o/

### Verb

πταίω • (ptaíō)
* (transitive) to cause to stumble, fall or fail
* (intransitive) to stumble, trip, fall
* (intransitive, figurative) to make a false step, fail, offend

#### Quotations

* New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 11:11a:λέγω οὖν, μὴ ἔπταισαν ἵνα πέσωσι;légō oûn, mḕ éptaisan hína pésōsi?Translation by KJVI say then, Have they stumbled that they should fall?
* New Testament, Epistle of James 3:2:πολλὰ γὰρ πταίομεν ἅπαντες. εἴ τις ἐν λόγῳ οὐ πταίει, οὗτος τέλειος ἀνήρ, δυνατὸς χαλιναγωγῆσαι καὶ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα.pollà gàr ptaíomen hápantes. eí tis en lógōi ou ptaíei, hoûtos téleios anḗr, dunatòs khalinagōgêsai kaì hólon tò sôma.Translation by KJVFor in many things we offend all. If any man offend not in word, the same is a perfect man, and able also to bridle the whole body.

#### Derived terms

* πταῖμα (ptaîma)
* πταῖσμα (ptaîsma)

#### Descendants

* Greek: πταίω (ptaío), φταίω (ftaío)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πταίω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1245-6

### Further reading

* πταίω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* “πταίω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “πταίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πταίω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G4417 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. blunder idem, page 86.disappoint idem, page 228.err idem, page 281.fail idem, page 301.fall idem, page 303.fault idem, page 310.grief idem, page 373.lurch idem, page 505.mistake idem, page 535.slip idem, page 784.spill idem, page 802.step idem, page 815.stumble idem, page 829.trip idem, page 895.wrong idem, page 994.

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek πταίω (ptaíō), probably from Proto-Indo-European *p(y)eh₂w- (“to strike, hit”), and cognate with Latin paviō (“to beat, strike”), Lithuanian pjáuti (“to reap, cut”). Doublet of φταίω (ftaío).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpte.o/
* Hyphenation: πταί‧ω

### Verb

πταίω • (ptaío)
* to nudge
* to crash into
* to stumble
* to err
* to have bad luck
* (dated, katharevousa, archaic) Alternative form of φταίω (ftaío), as in the expression
    τις πταίει; (tis ptaíei?, “who's to blame?”) (article in 1874 by politician Charilaos Trikoupis)

#### Conjugation

* Usually in present tense, in 3rd person πταίει (ptaíei) as in the conjugation of the ancient πταίω (ptaíō)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πταίω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1245-6