# 萬歲
## Chinese

* This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.
* 萬歲 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 萬歲 (Cantonese)
* bān-sòe (Southern Min)
* Ten thousand years (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wànsuì
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˋ ㄙㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maan$^6$ seoi$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): van-soi / van-sui
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bān-sòe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhuêng$^7$ suê$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ve-soe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wànsuì
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˋ ㄙㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wànsuèi
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^4$-sui$^4$
*** Yale: wàn-swèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wannsuey
*** Palladius: ваньсуй (vanʹsuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maan$^6$ seoi$^3$
*** Yale: maahn seui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maan$^6$ soey$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: man$^6$ sêu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːn²² sɵy̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: van-soi
*** Hakka Romanization System: van soi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: van$^4$ soi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /van⁵⁵ soi̯⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: van-sui
*** Hakka Romanization System: van sui
*** Hagfa Pinyim: van$^4$ sui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /van⁵⁵ su̯i⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bān-sòe
*** Tâi-lô: bān-suè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: baxnsoex
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ban²²⁻²¹ sue²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ban⁴¹⁻²² sue⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ban²²⁻²¹ sue²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ban³³⁻¹¹ sue¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ban³³⁻²¹ sue²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhuêng$^7$ suê$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buēng suè
*** Sinological IPA : /bueŋ¹¹ sue²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ve-soe
*** MiniDict: ve$^去$ soe
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ve-soe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ve²² sø⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: mjonH sjwejH
Rime :
| Character | 萬 | 歲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) | 祭 (36) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 無販切 | 相銳切 |
| Baxter | mjonH | sjwejH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mʉɐn$^H$/ | /siuᴇi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mʷiɐn$^H$/ | /sʷiɛi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miuɐn$^H$/ | /siuæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muan$^H$/ | /swiaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /miuɐn$^H$/ | /siuɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭwɐn$^H$/ | /sĭwɛi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯wɐn$^H$/ | /si̯wɛi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wàn | suì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | maan$^6$ | seoi$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ma[n]-s s-qʷʰat-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mlans sqʰʷads|sqʰʷad/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 萬 | 歲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wàn | suì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjon$^H$ › | ‹ sjwej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.ma[n]-s/ | /*s-qʷʰat-s/ |
| English | 10000 | year |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 萬 | 歲 | 歲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 12633 | 12165 | 12175 |
| Phonetic component | 萬 | 歲 | 歲 |
| Rime group | 元 | 祭 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 万 | | 雪 |
| Old Chinese | /*mlans/ | /*sqʰʷads/ | /*sqʰʷad/ |
| Notes | | 甲金文戉分化字， 說文戌聲非 | |

### Verb

萬歲
* to long live (in exclamations); may ... have a long life; hooray
    祖國萬歲！／祖国万岁！ ― Zǔguó wànsuì! ― Long live the motherland!
       Wúhuáng wànsuì wànsuì wànwànsuì! [Pinyin]
       [May] my Emperor [live and reign for] ten thousand years, ten thousand years, ten thousand of ten thousand years! (chant in imperial Chinese courts)
* (Cantonese, colloquial) to treat or shout others to a meal

#### Usage notes

Traditionally, the phrase ten thousand years is only reserved for the emperors, while empress consorts and empresses dowager are addressed with the phrase thousand years (千歲／千岁). In modern times, this is also applied to leaders of a country, the country itself, as well as being used as a general expression of enthusiasm.

### Noun

萬歲
* (historical) Your Majesty; the emperor

### Derived terms

* 千秋萬歲 / 千秋万岁 (qiānqiūwànsuì)
* 吾皇萬歲 / 吾皇万岁
* 山呼萬歲 / 山呼万岁
* 萬歲千秋 / 万岁千秋
* 萬歲子 / 万岁子
* 萬歲爺 / 万岁爷 (wànsuìyé)
* 萬萬歲 / 万万岁 (wànwànsuì)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 万歳(ばんざい) (banzai); 万歳(まんざい) (manzai); 万歳(ばんぜい) (banzei) (see there for further descendants)
* → Korean: 만세(萬歲) (manse) (see there for further descendants)
* → Vietnamese: vạn tuế (萬歲)
Others:
* → Vietnamese: muôn tuổi (萬歲), muôn năm (萬年) (calques)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 萬 | 歲 |
| Jinmeiyō | Hyōgai |
For pronunciation and definitions of 萬歲 – see the following entries. :
| 【万歳ばんざい】 | [noun] an extremely long period of time [noun] (raising one's hands three times in cheer) raising ones hands [noun] (raising one's hands in defeat) business troubles, bankruptcy [interjection] an expression of celebration |
| 【万歳ばんぜい】 | [noun] an extremely long period of time [noun] long life and glory [noun] death [interjection] an expression of celebration |
| 【万歳まんざい】 | [noun] an extremely long period of time [noun] (historical) alternative form of 萬歳 (“Edo manzai (a traditional New Year performance)”) [noun] a song and dance to celebrate a new year [noun] a song sung to celebrate a new year [interjection] an expression of celebration |
(This term, 萬歲, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :
| 【萬歳まんざい】 | [noun] (historical) door-to-door manzai; Edo manzai (a traditional Japanese performing art in which performers wish patrons long life and prosperity as part of New Year festivities) Alternative spellings 万歳, 万才 |
(This term, 萬歲, is the kyūjitai of an alternative spelling (万歳) of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 萬 | 歲 |

### Interjection

萬歲 • (manse) (hangeul 만세)
* hanja form of 만세 (“long live”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 萬 | 歲 |

### Interjection

萬歲
* chữ Hán form of vạn tuế (“(archaic, to a monarch) long live”).

### See also

* 𨷈𢆥 (muôn năm)

### Noun

(classifier cây) 萬歲
* chữ Hán form of vạn tuế (“sago palm (Cycas revoluta)”).

#### See also

* 千歲 (thiên tuế) (“Cycas pectinata”)