# incense
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English encens, from Old French encens (“sweet-smelling substance”) from Late Latin incensum (“burnt incense”, literally “something burnt”), neuter past participle of incendō (“I set on fire”). Compare incendiary. Cognate with Spanish encender and incienso.

### Pronunciation

* Noun:
** enPR: ĭn'sĕns, IPA: /ˈɪnsɛns/
** Audio (US):(file)
* Verb:
** enPR: ĭnsĕns', IPA: /ɪnˈsɛns/
** Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: (verb) -ɛns

### Noun

incense (countable and uncountable, plural incenses)
* Biotic material that releases fragrant smoke when burnt, often used in religious rites or for aesthetic reasons.
    Hyponyms: joss stick, incense stick
* The fragrant smoke released by burning incense (sense 1).
** 1820, [Walter Scott], chapter XIII, in The Abbot. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne & Co.] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and for Archibald Constable and Company, and John Ballantyne, […], →OCLC, page 281:When the folding-doors were on such solemn occasions thrown open, and the new Abbot appeared on the threshold in full-blown dignity, with ring and mitre, and dalmatique and crosier, his hoary standard-bearers and his juvenile dispensers of incense preceding him, and the venerable train of monks behind him, with all besides which could announce the supreme authority to which he was now raised, his appearance was a signal for the magnificent jubilate to rise from the organ and music-loft, and to be joined by the corresponding bursts of Alleluiah from the whole assembled congregation.
* (figurative) Homage; adulation.

#### Derived terms

* incense boat
* incense burner
* incense cedar
* incense stick
* incense tree

#### Related terms

* frankincense

#### Translations

Acehnese: keumeunyan
Albanian: kem (sq) m
Arabic: بَخُور (ar) m (baḵūr), بُخُور (ar) m (buḵūr)
Egyptian Arabic: بخور m (baḵūr)
South Levantine Arabic: بخور m (baḵūr)
Armenian: խունկ (hy) (xunk), ծխանելիք (hy) (cxanelikʻ)
Asturian: inciensu m
Azerbaijani: buxur
Belarusian: ла́дан m (ládan), фімія́м m (fimijám), кадзі́ла n (kadzíla) (incense burner)
Bengali: ধূপ (bn) (dhup)
Bulgarian: тамя́н (bg) m (tamján)
Burmese: အမွှေး (my) (a.hmwe:)
Catalan: encens (ca) m
Chakma: please add this translation if you can
Chinese:
Cantonese: 香 (hoeng$^1$)
Mandarin: 香 (zh) (xiāng)
Corsican: incensu, encensu
Czech: kadidlo (cs) n
Danish: røgelse c, virak (da) c (dated)
Dutch: wierook (nl) m
Dzongkha: སྤོས (spos)
Egyptian: (snṯr m)
Emilian: please add this translation if you can
Esperanto: incenso (eo)
Estonian: viiruk
Faroese: roykilsi n
Finnish: suitsuke (fi)
French: encens (fr) m
Friulian: incens m
Galician: incenso (gl) m
Georgian: საკმეველი (ka) (saḳmeveli)
German: Weihrauch (de) m, Räuchwerk n (archaic)
Greek: λιβάνι (el) n (liváni)
Ancient: θυμίαμα n (thumíama)
Hawaiian: heona
Hebrew: קטורת / קְטֹרֶת (he) f (któret)
Hindi: अगरबत्ती (hi) f (agarbattī)
Hungarian: tömjén (hu)
Icelandic: reykelsi (is) n
Ido: incenso (io)
Indonesian: kemenyan (id), dupa (id)
Irish: túis f
Italian: incenso (it) m, olibano m
Japanese: 薫香 (ja) (くんこう, kunkō), 香 (ja) (こう, kō)
Javanese: please add this translation if you can
Kazakh: ладан (ladan)
Khmer: ធូប (km) (thuup)
Korean: 향(香) (ko) (hyang)
Lao: ທູບ (thūp), ກຳຍານ (kam nyān)
Latin: thūs n, suffīmen n, thȳmiāma n
Latvian: vīraks (lv) m
Ligurian: incénso m
Lithuanian: smilkalai m pl
Lombard: incens (lmo) m
Macedonian: темјан m (temjan), благомирис m (blagomiris)
Malay: dupa, kemenyan, setanggi
Maltese: inċens m, bħur m
Maori: whakakakara
Mon: please add this translation if you can
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: сан (mn) (san)
Mongolian: ᠰᠠᠩ (sang)
Norman: enchens m
Norwegian:
Bokmål: virak (no) m, røkelse m, røykelse m
Nynorsk: virak m, røykjelse m
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: ѳѵмїамъ m (θümiamŭ), темьꙗнъ m (temĭjanŭ), кадило n (kadilo)
Old East Slavic: темьанъ m (temĭanŭ), ладанъ m (ladanŭ), кадило n (kadilo)
Old English: rēcels m
Oromo: qayya
Ottoman Turkish: كونلك (günlük), بخور (bahur, buhur)
Pali: dhūpa
Persian: عود (fa) ('ud), بخور (fa) (boxur)
Piedmontese: incens m
Plautdietsch: Ruakstoff n, Weiruak n
Polish: kadzidło (pl) n
Portuguese: incenso (pt) m
Rakhine: please add this translation if you can
Rohingya: please add this translation if you can
Romagnol: incéns m, inzéns m
Romanian: tămâie (ro) f
Russian: ла́дан (ru) m (ládan), фимиа́м (ru) m (fimiám), темья́н (ru) m (temʹján), кади́ло (ru) n (kadílo) (incense burner)
Sanskrit: धूप (sa) m (dhūpa)
Sardinian: timagna f, timanza f, timonza f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: та̀мјан m
Roman: tàmjan (sh) m
Slovak: kadidlo n
Slovene: kadilo (sl) n
Somali: please add this translation if you can
Spanish: incienso (es) m, sahumerio (es) m, sahúmo (es) m
Swahili: ubani (sw)
Swedish: rökelse (sv) c (virak (sv) c)
Tagalog: dupa
Tajik: бухур (buxur)
Ternate: dupa
Thai: กำยาน (th) (gam-yaan), ธูป (th) (tûup)
Tibetan: སྤོས (spos)
Turkish: tütsü (tr)
Ukrainian: ла́дан m (ládan), фіміа́м m (fimiám), кади́ло (uk) n (kadýlo) (incense burner), ку́риво n (kúryvo)
Urdu: بخور (buxūr)
Uzbek: ladan
Vietnamese: hương (vi) (香), nhang (vi)
Welsh: thus m, arogldarth m
Wolof: cuuraay
Yiddish: קטורת f (któyres)
Yucatec Maya: poom :

### Verb

incense (third-person singular simple present incenses, present participle incensing, simple past and past participle incensed)
* (obsolete, transitive) To set on fire; to inflame; to kindle; to burn.
    Synonyms: inflame; see also Thesaurus:kindle
** [1611?], Homer, “(please specify |book=I to XXIV)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., The Iliads of Homer Prince of Poets. […], London: […] Nathaniell Butter, →OCLC; republished as The Iliads of Homer, Prince of Poets, […], new edition, volume (please specify the book number), London: Charles Knight and Co., […], 1843, →OCLC:Twelve Trojan princes wait on thee, and labour to incense / Thy glorious heap of funeral.The spelling has been modernized.
* (transitive) To anger or infuriate.
    Synonyms: inflame; see also Thesaurus:enrage
    I think it would incense him to learn the truth.
* (archaic, transitive) To incite, stimulate.
    Synonyms: provoke; see also Thesaurus:incite
* (transitive) To offer incense to.
    Synonym: fume
** late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Second Nun's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 410-413:
    And after this Almachius hastily Bad his ministres fecchen openly Cecile, so that she mighte in his presence Doon sacrifyce, and Iupiter encense.And after this, Almachius hastily Ordered his ministers to fetch publicly Cecile, so that she might in his presence Do sacrifice and burn incense to Jupiter.
* (transitive) To perfume with, or as with, incense.
    Synonyms: fume, musk; see also Thesaurus:odorize
** c. 1603 (date written), Iohn Marston, The Malcontent, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for William Aspley, […], published 1604, →OCLC, Act III, scene ii:To haue her bound, incenſed with wanton ſweetes, / Her vaines fild hie with heating delicates, / […] / O Ithaca can chaſteſt Penelope hold out.
** 1837, Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):Neither, for the future, shall any man or woman, self-styled noble, be incensed,—foolishly fumigated with incense, in Church; as the wont has been.
** 1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 9, page 294:The priests solemnly incensed the girl who personated the goddess.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Nicenes

## Galician
### Verb

incense
* inflection of incensar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Latin
### Participle

incēnse
* vocative masculine singular of incēnsus

### References

* “incense”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* incense in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* incense in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “incense”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎
* “incense”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

## Portuguese
### Verb

incense
* inflection of incensar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative