# 流亡
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liúwáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄨㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lau$^4$ mong$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): liù-mòng
    (Hailu, HRS): liu mong
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liû-bông
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liúwáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄨㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lióuwáng
*** Wade–Giles: liu$^2$-wang$^2$
*** Yale: lyóu-wáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liouwang
*** Palladius: люван (ljuvan)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lau$^4$ mong$^4$
*** Yale: làuh mòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lau$^4$ mong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: leo$^4$ mong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐu̯²¹ mɔːŋ²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$流亡 流氓
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liù-mòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: liu$^ˇ$ mong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: liu$^2$ mong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /li̯u¹¹ moŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: liu mong
*** Sinological IPA: /liu⁵⁵ moŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû-bông
*** Tâi-lô: liû-bông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liu'boong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liu²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liu²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liu¹³⁻²² bɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liu²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu²³⁻³³ bɔŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: ljuw mjang
Rime :
| Character | 流 | 亡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 力求切 | 武方切 |
| Baxter | ljuw | mjang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨu/ | /mʉɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liu/ | /mʷiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /liəu/ | /miuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /luw/ | /muaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /liu/ | /miuaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭəu/ | /mĭwaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯ə̯u/ | /miwaŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liú | wáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lau$^4$ | mong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ru maŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ru maŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 流 | 亡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | liú | wáng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljuw › | ‹ mjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*ru/ | /*maŋ/ |
| English | flow (v.) | flee; disappear; die |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 流 | 亡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 8335 | 12662 |
| Phonetic component | 流 | 亡 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 劉 | 亡 |
| Old Chinese | /*ru/ | /*maŋ/ |
| Notes | 或爲毓省聲 | |

### Verb

流亡
* to flee; to go into exile
    流亡海外 ― liúwáng hǎiwài ― to be in exile overseas
* (archaic) to flow away with the water

#### Synonyms

* (to flee):
* 亡命 (wángmìng)
* 出亡 (chūwáng) (literary)
* 出奔 (chūbēn)
* 散亡 (sànwáng)
* 竄 / 窜 (cuàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 走反 (Hokkien, from war)
* 逃亡 (táowáng)
* 逃荒 (táohuāng) (from famine)
* 逃難 / 逃难 (táonàn) (from a disaster)
* 逋逃 (būtáo) (literary)
* 避難 / 避难 (bìnàn)

#### Derived terms

* 流亡政府 (liúwáng zhèngfǔ)
* 流亡者 (liúwángzhě)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 流 | 亡 |
| りゅう Grade: 3 | ぼう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

流(りゅう)亡(ぼう) • (ryūbō)
* wandering, exile
* soil erosion

### Verb

流(りゅう)亡(ぼう)する • (ryūbō suru) suru (stem 流(りゅう)亡(ぼう)し (ryūbō shi), past 流(りゅう)亡(ぼう)した (ryūbō shita))
* wander

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 流亡し | りゅうぼうし | ryūbō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 流亡し | りゅうぼうし | ryūbō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 流亡する | りゅうぼうする | ryūbō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 流亡する | りゅうぼうする | ryūbō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 流亡すれ | りゅうぼうすれ | ryūbō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 流亡せよ¹ 流亡しろ² | りゅうぼうせよ¹ りゅうぼうしろ² | ryūbō seyo¹ ryūbō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 流亡される | りゅうぼうされる | ryūbō sareru |
| Causative | 流亡させる 流亡さす | りゅうぼうさせる りゅうぼうさす | ryūbō saseru ryūbō sasu |
| Potential | 流亡できる | りゅうぼうできる | ryūbō dekiru |
| Volitional | 流亡しよう | りゅうぼうしよう | ryūbō shiyō |
| Negative | 流亡しない | りゅうぼうしない | ryūbō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 流亡せず | りゅうぼうせず | ryūbō sezu |
| Formal | 流亡します | りゅうぼうします | ryūbō shimasu |
| Perfective | 流亡した | りゅうぼうした | ryūbō shita |
| Conjunctive | 流亡して | りゅうぼうして | ryūbō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 流亡すれば | りゅうぼうすれば | ryūbō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 流 | 亡 |

### Verb

流亡
* chữ Hán form of lưu vong (“to exile”).

### Noun

流亡
* chữ Hán form of lưu vong (“exile”).