# dever
## Galician
### Verb

dever (first-person singular present devo, first-person singular preterite devim or devi, past participle devido, reintegrationist norm)
* reintegrationist spelling of deber

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

### References

* “dever” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

## Ladino
### Etymology

From Old Spanish [Term?], from Latin debeo, debere.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /deˈver/

### Verb

dever (Latin spelling)
* to have to
* should
* must
** 2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, “El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto…”, in Şalom‎:Devemos de akodrar i azer akodrar de este kavzo, ke se finalizo kon 11 milyones de viktimas entre eyos 6 milyones de djudios, para luchar kontra el antisemitizmo i el rasizmo.We must remember and make others remember this event that ended with 11 million victims, among them 6 million Jews, to fight antisemitism and racism.

### Noun

dever m (Latin spelling)
* duty
** 2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, “El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto…”, in Şalom‎:Ija de imigrantes djudios rusos ke aviyan sufriyido del aborresimyento i del antisemitizmo, se sintyo ke el aktivizmo sovre este sujeto era su dever.The daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants who had suffered from hatred and from antisemitism, she felt that activism on this subject was her duty.

## Northern Kurdish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɛˈvɛɾ/
* Rhymes: -ɛɾ

### Noun

dever f (Arabic spelling دەۊەر)
* place, spot
* region, area

#### See also

* dews
* der

### References

* Chyet, Michael L. (2003) “dever”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary‎, with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 143

## Occitan
### Alternative forms

* deure

### Etymology

From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin dēbēre (“to owe”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Béarn):(file)

### Verb

dever
* (Gascony, Provençal, Limousin, Vivaro-alpine) to have to
* to owe

#### Conjugation
### Noun

dever m (plural devers)
* duty, obligation
    Synonym: obligacion

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin dēbēre (“to owe, to must”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /deˈβeɾ/
* Rhymes: -eɾ

### Verb

dever
* (transitive, intransitive) must; to have to

#### Descendants

* Fala: debel
* Galician: deber
* Portuguese: dever

#### Further reading

* Universo Cantigas - "dever"

## Old Leonese
### Alternative forms

* deuer

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin dēbēre (“to owe, to must”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /deˈβeɾ/

### Verb

dever
* (transitive, intransitive) must; to have to
** 1017, Fuero de León:Nenguna muyer que uiuir en Leom non deue ser trayda a finir el pan del Rey sem so grado, senom fur sua sierua.No woman who lived in Leon should be brought to prepare the King's bread without his consent, unless she is a servant.
** 1243, Arriendo de Nora a Nora:t dizemos que todo ome que uenga morar entre nos dientro la alfoz de Nora a nora. deue fazer el foroand we say that every man who comes to live among us within the territory of Nora to Nora, must make the forum
** 1247, Fuero de Campumanes‎:que cada uno de uso deuedes a dar cada uno anno al Obispo de Sant Saluador(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1275, "Piece of a testament"‎:E mando que quanto en este testamento sie scripto que vala rodo e cada uno dello por cualquier guisa que testamento deue valer(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to owe
** 1275, "Piece of a testament"‎:Et esto ye lo que yo devo a Thomas Perez 411 mar. de blancos. Et esto ye al que devo a auer de mios prestamos e otras debdas e otras cosas que tengo en mia casa sont duas collechas(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1282, "Pact between Oviedo and Avilés":saluo las deuedas que nuestros vezinos se deuen unos aotros que sse deuen pagar(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Descendants

* Asturian: deber
* Leonese: debere
* Mirandese: deber

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese dever, from Latin dēbēre (“to owe”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /deˈve(ʁ)/ [deˈve(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /deˈve(ʁ)/ [deˈve(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /deˈve(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /deˈve(ʁ)/ [deˈve(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /deˈve(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /dɨˈveɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /dɨˈveɾ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /dɨˈbeɾ/ [dɨˈβeɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /dɨˈve.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: de‧ver

#### Verb

dever (first-person singular present devo, first-person singular preterite devi, past participle devido)
* should (indicates that an action is considered by the speaker to be obligatory)
* ought (indicates that the subject of the sentence has some obligation to execute the sentence predicate.)
* will likely (indicates that the subject of the sentence is likely to execute the sentence predicate.)
    Deve chover.(It looks like) it's going to rain.
* owe (to be in debt.)

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:dever.

##### Descendants

* → Makalero: deue (“debt, to borrow”)

### Etymology 2

Nominalization of Etymology 1.

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /deˈveʁ/ [deˈveh]
* (Brazil) IPA: /deˈveʁ/ [deˈveh]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /deˈveɾ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /deˈveʁ/ [deˈveχ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /deˈveɻ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /dɨˈveɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /dɨˈveɾ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /dɨˈbeɾ/ [dɨˈβeɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /dɨˈve.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: de‧ver

#### Noun

dever m (plural deveres)
* duty (that which one is morally or legally obligated to do)
* (in the plural, dated) homework
    Synonyms: trabalho de casa, TPC
    Já fizeste os teus deveres?Have you done your homework yet?

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:dever.

## Romanian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دور (devir), from Arabic دَوْر (dawr).

#### Noun

dever n (uncountable)
* total sales

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Bulgarian девер (dever), from Proto-Slavic *dě̀verь.

#### Noun

dever m (plural deveri)
* (regional) in the country, a boy who welcomes the guests and serves them dishes at traditional weddings and also leads the wedding processional; (through extension) a person accompanying the bride
    Synonym: vornicel

##### Alternative forms

* diavor, deavur, gheaver

### References

* dever in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* djȅver (Ijekavian)
* dȉver (Ikavian)
* đȅver (Montenegro)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *děverь, from Proto-Indo-European *dayh₂wḗr. Compare Russian деверь (deverʹ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dêver/
* Hyphenation: de‧ver

### Noun

dȅver m (Cyrillic spelling де̏вер)
* brother-in-law (one's husband's brother)

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Verb

dever (first-person singular present devo, first-person singular preterite deví, past participle devido)
* Obsolete spelling of deber.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.