# 宮女
## Chinese

* 宮女

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōngnǚ
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄋㄩˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^1$ neoi$^{5-2}$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiûng-ńg
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiong-lú / kiong-lí
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngnǚ
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄋㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongnyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-nü$^3$
*** Yale: gūng-nyǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongneu
*** Palladius: гуннюй (gunnjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngnǚr
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄋㄩˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongnyǔr
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-nü$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: gūng-nyǔr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongneuel
*** Palladius: гуннюйр (gunnjujr)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$ neoi$^{5-2}$
*** Yale: gūng néui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$ noey$^{5-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$ nêu$^{5-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng-ńg
*** Hakka Romanization System: giung$^ˊ$ ng$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giung$^1$ ng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴ ŋ̍³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong-lú
*** Tâi-lô: kiong-lú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiongluo
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong-lí
*** Tâi-lô: kiong-lí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kionglie
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: kjuwng nrjoX
Rime :
| Character | 宮 | 女 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 居戎切 | 尼吕切 |
| Baxter | kjuwng | nrjoX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨuŋ/ | /ɳɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiuŋ/ | /ɳiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiuŋ/ | /niɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kuwŋ/ | /ɳɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kiuŋ/ | /niɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭuŋ/ | /nĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯uŋ/ | /ni̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiōng | nǚ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gung$^1$ | neoi$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)uŋ nraʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kuŋ naʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 宮 | 女 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gōng | nǚ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjuwng › | ‹ nrjo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*k(r)uŋ/ | /*nraʔ/ |
| English | dwelling; palace; note of scale | female |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 宮 | 女 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 4147 | 9616 |
| Phonetic component | 宮 | 女 |
| Rime group | 終 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 弓 | |
| Old Chinese | /*kuŋ/ | /*naʔ/ |

### Noun

宮女
* (historical) lady-in-waiting within the palace; palace maid

#### Synonyms

* 宮人／宫人 (gōngrén)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 宮女(きゅうじょ) (kyūjo)
* → Korean: 궁녀(宮女) (gungnyeo)
* → Vietnamese: cung nữ (宮女)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 宮 | 女 |
| みや Grade: 3 | おみな Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||

#### Noun

宮(みや)女(おみな) or 宮女(みやおんな) • (miyaomina or miyaonna)
* (archaic) a woman attendant in the imperial court
    Synonyms: 宮女 (kyūjo), 女官 (nyokan)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 宮 | 女 |
| きゅう Grade: 3 | じょ Grade: 1 |
| kan'on ||

#### Noun

宮(きゅう)女(じょ) • (kyūjo)
* a woman attendant in the imperial court; lady-in-waiting

#### References

* Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN