# украина
## Old East Slavic
### Etymology

From оу (u, “beside, at”) +‎ краи (krai, “land, edge”) +‎ -ина (-ina). Perhaps from Proto-Slavic *ukrajina.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uˈkrɑjinɑ/→/uˈkrajina/→/uˈkrajina/
* (ca. 9th CE) IPA: /uˈkrɑjinɑ/
* (ca. 11th CE) IPA: /uˈkrajina/
* (ca. 13th CE) IPA: /uˈkrajina/

### Noun

украина (ukraina) f
* boundary, outskirts, borderland

#### Descendants

* Old Ruthenian: укра́ина (ukráina), вкра́ина (vkráina)
** Belarusian: ускра́іна (uskráina); укра́іна (ukráina) (dialectal)
** Ukrainian: украї́на (ukrajína), укра́їна (ukrájina) (obsolete)
** ⇒ Old Ruthenian: Украи́на (Ukraína), Вкраи́на (Vkraína)
*** Belarusian: Украі́на (Ukraína); Ўкраі́на (Ŭkraína) (after vowels)
*** Carpathian Rusyn: Украї́на (Ukrajína)
*** Ukrainian: Украї́на (Ukrajína); Вкраї́на (Vkrajína) (rare, poetic, after vowels)
* ⇒ Russian: Украи́на (Ukraína), Укра́йна (Ukrájna) — dated, rare
** → Ainu: ウㇰライナ
** → Avar: Украина (Ukraina)
** → Bashkir: Украина (Ukraina)
** → Buryat: Украина (Ukraina)
** → Catalan: Ucraïna
** → Chinese: 烏克蘭 / 乌克兰 (Wūkèlán)
*** → Vietnamese: Ô Khắc Lan
** → Chuvash: Украина (Ukraina)
** → English: Ukraine, Ukrain, Ukrainia, Ukrania, Ucrania (all obsolete)
*** → Assamese: ইউক্ৰেইন (iukrein)
*** → Bengali: ইউক্রেন (iukren)
*** → Cherokee: ᏯᎧᏪᏂ (yakaweni), ᏳᎬᎳᎢᏅ (yugvlainv)
*** → Chinese: 烏克蘭 / 乌克兰 (Wūkèlán)
**** → Vietnamese: Ô Khắc Lan
*** → Dhivehi: ޔުކްރެއިން (yuk̊rein̊)
*** → Gujarati: યૂક્રેઇન (yūkreina)
*** → Hawaiian: ʻUkelena
*** → Hindi: यूक्रेन (yūkren)
*** → Kannada: ಯುಕ್ರೇನ್ (yukrēn)
*** → Malay: Ukraine
*** → Malayalam: യുക്രെയിൻ (yukreyiṉ)
*** → Maori: Ūkareinga
*** → Marathi: युक्रेन (yukren)
*** → Nepali: युक्रेन (yukrena)
*** → Odia: ୟୁକ୍ରେନ (yukrena)
*** → Punjabi: ਯੂਕ੍ਰੇਨ (yūkren)
*** → Samoan: 'Iukureini
*** → Sinhalese: යුක්රේන් (yukrēn)
*** → Telugu: ఉక్రెయిన్ (ukreyin)
*** → Thai: ยูเครน (yuu-kreen)
*** → Tigrinya: ዩክረይን (yukräyn)
*** → Tongan: ʻIukuleini
*** → Ukrainian: Юкре́йн (Jukréjn)
*** → Urdu: یُوکْرین (yūkren)
*** → Yoruba: Yukíréènì
** → French: Ukraine
** → Finnish: Ukraina
** → Ingrian: Ukraina
** → Kabardian: Украинэ (Wukrajinɛ)
** → Karachay-Balkar: Украина (Ukraina)
** → Kazakh: Украинӕ
** → Komi-Permyak: Украина (Ukraina)
** → Komi-Zyrian: Украина (Ukraina)
** → Korean: 우크라이나 (ukeuraina)
** → Kyrgyz: Украина (Ukraina)
** → Mongolian:
    Cyrillic script: Украин (Ukrain), Украйн (Ukrajn), украин (ukrain), украйн (ukrajn)
    Mongolian script: ᠤᠻᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ (ukrayin), ᠦᠺᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ (ükrayin)
** → Ossetian: Украинӕ (Ukrainæ)
** → Tatar: Украина (Uqraina)
** → Tuvan: Украина (Ukraina)
** → Uyghur:
    Cyrillic script: Украина (Ukraina)
    Arabic script: ئۇكرائىنا (ukra'ina)
** → Yakut: Украина (Ukraina)
** → Vietnamese: U-crai-na

### Further reading

* James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Украина”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC.

## Old Ruthenian
### Alternative forms

* оукра́ина (ukráina), ꙋкра́ина (ukráina), укра́йна (ukrájna), вкра́ина (vkráina), вкра́йна (vkrájna)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic оукра́ина (ukráina), from оу- (u-) + краи (krai) +‎ -ина (-ina). Perhaps from Proto-Slavic *ukrajina.

### Noun

украина • (ukraina) f inan
* boundary, outskirts, borderland
* land, country

#### Derived terms

* Укра́ина (Ukráina)

#### Descendants

* Belarusian: ускра́іна (uskráina); укра́іна (ukráina) (dialectal)
* Ukrainian: украї́на (ukrajína), укра́їна (ukrájina) (obsolete)

### Further reading

* Tymchenko, E. K., editor (1930), “вкраина; украина”, in Історичний словник українського язика [Historical Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1, number 1 (А – Г), Kharkiv, Kyiv: State Publishing House of Ukraine, page 262
* Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “*оукраина”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Н – Ѳ), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 474
* Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1997), “вкраина¹; украина¹”, in Словник української мови XVI – 1-ї пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language of 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), numbers 4 (весь – вправѣ), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 82
* Bulyka, A. M., editor (2014), “украина, вкраина, украйна”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 34 (тресолнечный – умопомятенье), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 355
* Tymchenko, E. K. (2003) “украина”, in Nimchuk, V. V., editor, Матеріали до словника писемної та книжної української мови XV–XVIII ст. [Materials for the Dictionary of the Written and Book Ukrainian Language of 15ᵗʰ–18ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volumes 2 (О – Я), Kyiv, New York: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S., →ISBN, page 424