OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dudweiler
## German
### Etymology

First attested as Duodonisvillare in 977.
By surface analysis, Dudo (“a given name”) +‎ Weiler (“hamlet”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdʊtvaɪ̯lɐ/
* Hyphenation: Dud‧wei‧ler

### Proper noun

Dudweiler n (proper noun, genitive Dudweilers or (optionally with an article) Dudweiler)
* A borough of the city of Saarbrücken in Saarbrücken district, Saarland, Germany

#### Declension

$^1$Optionally with an article.

#### Related terms

* Dudenhofen, Duderstadt, Dudeldorf, Dudenrode
* Mönchweiler, Nonnweiler, Nußweiler, Oidtweiler, Osweiler, Ottweiler

### Noun

Dudweiler m (strong, genitive Dudweilers, plural Dudweiler, feminine Dudweilerin)
* a native or inhabitant of Dudweiler

#### Derived terms

* Dudweilerin
# niwol
## Old English
### Adjective

niwol
* Alternative form of neowol
# unfarced
## English
### Etymology

From un- +‎ farced.

### Adjective

unfarced (not comparable)
* Not farced; not stuffed with food items.
** 1725, Noel Chomel, Dictionaire Oeconomique, Or, The Family Dictionary:[…] garnishing the Dish with Cutlets either farced or unfarced […]
# 同父異母
## Chinese

| | | | having the same father but a different mother; of a different origin |
| trad. (同父異母) | trad. (同父異母) | 同父 | 異母 |
| simp. (同父异母) | simp. (同父异母) | 同父 | 异母 |
| anagram | anagram | 同母異父／同母异父 | 同母異父／同母异父 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tóngfù yìmǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄈㄨˋ ㄧˋ ㄇㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^4$ fu$^6$ ji$^6$ mou$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tông-hū-ī-bió / tông-hū-īⁿ-bú
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tóngfù yìmǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄈㄨˋ ㄧˋ ㄇㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tóngfù yìmǔ
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^2$-fu$^4$ i$^4$-mu$^3$
*** Yale: túng-fù yì-mǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torngfuh yihmuu
*** Palladius: тунфу иму (tunfu imu)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ³⁵ fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^4$ fu$^6$ ji$^6$ mou$^5$
*** Yale: tùhng fuh yih móuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^4$ fu$^6$ ji$^6$ mou$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^4$ fu$^6$ yi$^6$ mou$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ²¹ fuː²² jiː²² mou̯¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông-hū-ī-bió
*** Tâi-lô: tông-hū-ī-bió
*** Phofsit Daibuun: donghuxixbioir
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²³⁻³³ hu³³ i³³⁻²¹ biɤ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hu³³ i³³⁻¹¹ bio⁵³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông-hū-īⁿ-bú
*** Tâi-lô: tông-hū-īnn-bú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: donghux'vixbuo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²³⁻³³ hu³³ ĩ³³⁻²¹ bu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hu³³ ĩ³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

### Adjective

同父異母
* born of the same father but a different mother

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 同父異母 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 同父異母 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 同父異母 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 共爺各哀 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 共爺各哀 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 共爸各母 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 仝爸各母 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 共爺隔娘 |

#### Related terms

* 同母異父／同母异父 (tóngmǔ yìfù)
# ζῇς
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zdɛ̂ːi̯s/ → /zis/ → /zis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /zdɛ̂ːi̯s/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ze̝s/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /zis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /zis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /zis/

### Verb

ζῇς • (zêis)
* second-person singular present active indicative of ζῶ (zô)
* second-person singular present active subjunctive of ζῶ (zô)
# цыдз
## Kildin Sami
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡sɨd͡z/

### Noun

цыдз (cydz)
* Alternative form of цыһц (cyhc)
# sigrúnar
## Old Norse
### Noun

sigrúnar
* inflection of sigrún:
** nominative/accusative plural
** genitive singular
# nihtsumest
## Old English
### Adjective

nihtsumest
* superlative degree of nihtsum
# nihtsum
## Old English
### Alternative forms

* nyhtsum

### Etymology

Equivalent to niht +‎ -sum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnixt.sum/, [ˈniçt.sum]

### Adjective

nihtsum (superlative nihtsumest)
* abundant

#### Declension
### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “NYHTSUM”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
# nihtsumum
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnixt.su.mum/, [ˈniçt.su.mum]

### Adjective

nihtsumum
* inflection of nihtsum:
** strong dative masculine/neuter singular
** strong/weak dative/instrumental masculine/feminine/neuter plural
# Tetanorhynchus
## Translingual
### Etymology

Ancient Greek τετᾰνός (tetanós, “stretched; straight”) +‎ Ancient Greek ῥῠ́γχος (rhúnkhos, “snout; bill”).

### Proper noun

Tetanorhynchus m
* A taxonomic genus within the family Proscopiidae – certain stick grasshoppers.

### See also

* Tetanorhynchus on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# baycuru
## English
### Alternative forms

* biacuru

### Noun

baycuru (uncountable)
* (archaic) The root of Statice braziliensis, used as an astringent and discutient.
# διαζῶ
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* δῐᾰζώω (diazṓō) — Epic, Ionic
* δῐᾰζάω (diazáō)

### Etymology

δια- (dia-, “across, through”) +‎ ζῶ (zô, “to live”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /di.az.dɔ̂ː/ → /ði.aˈzo/ → /ði.aˈzo/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /di.az.dɔ̂ː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /di.aˈzo/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ði.aˈzo/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ði.aˈzo/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ði.aˈzo/

### Verb

διαζῶ • (diazô)
* to live through (time or circumstance), to live long, to live to an old age or to senectitude, to live to one's full lifespan, to outlive, to overlive, to survive

#### Synonyms

* δῐᾰμένω (diaménō)

### Further reading

* διαζάω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* διαζάω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
* “διαζάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
# bean-feast
## English
### Noun

bean-feast (plural bean-feasts)
* Alternative form of beanfeast.
** 1954 February, R. J. Sellick, “Railways to Chard”, in Railway Magazine, page 121:There was to be no official opening ceremony, but nevertheless the inhabitants of Chard were not going to neglect this opportunity for a bean-feast, for they were also to celebrate the demolition of the town's East Gate.
# doveweed
## English
### Noun

doveweed (countable and uncountable, plural doveweeds)
* Alternative form of dove weed
# blockprinters
## English
### Noun

blockprinters
* plural of blockprinter
# boretree
## Scots
### Noun

boretree (plural boretrees)
* Alternative form of bourtree (“elder tree”)
# borlotti beans
## English
### Noun

borlotti beans
* plural of borlotti bean
# ainmeil
## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From ainm +‎ -eil.

### Pronunciation

* (Uist, Barra) IPA: /ˈɛˈɲɛmal/
* (Wester Ross) IPA: /ˈɛ̃ˈɲɛmɔl/

### Adjective

ainmeil (genitive singular masculine ainmeil, genitive singular feminine ainmeile, nominative plural ainmeile, comparative ainmeile)
* famous, distinguished, illustrious, renowned

### References

* ↑ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath, page 109
* ↑ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN, page 234
# gaarga
## Gagauz
### Alternative forms

* garga

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish قَارْغَه (qarġa), قَرْغَه (qarġa), from Proto-Turkic *karga. Compare Turkish karga, Azerbaijani qarğa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɑːrɡɑ/
* Hyphenation: gaar‧ga

### Noun

gaarga (definite accusative gaargayı, plural gaargalar)
* (zoology) crow
    Gaarga bok imekten deniz mundar olmas.(please add an English translation of this usage example)
    İşleyä-işleyä kıçımda gaargalar yuva yaptı.(please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “gaarga”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 106
* ↑ Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), “garga”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 34
* ↑ Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “garga”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 68
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “karga”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* Baskakov, N. A. (1991) İsmail Kaynak, A. Mecit Doğru, transl., Gagauz Türkçesinin Sözlüğü [The Dictionary of Gagauz Turkish] (in Turkish), Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, page 99
* Doğan, Levent; Erdin, Ceyda. (2019). Gagauz Atasözlerinin Sentaksı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Turkish Studies - Language and Literature 14(3):1159-1187.
* N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “гаáрга”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 105
# garga
## Gagauz
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɑrɡɑ/
* Hyphenation: gar‧ga

### Noun

garga (definite accusative gargayı, plural gargalar)
* Alternative form of gaarga (“crow”)

#### Declension
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡaɾˠəɡə/

### Adjective

garga
* nominative/vocative/strong genitive/dual plural of garg

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Oroqen
### Noun

garga
* earring

### References

* Li, Fengxiang and Lindsay J. Whaley, Oroqen vocabulary, in Martin Haspelmath & Uri Tadmor (editors), World Loanword Database, Munich: Max Planck Digital Library (2009)
# пришьльць
## Old Church Slavonic
### Noun

пришьльць • (prišĭlĭcĭ) m
* migrant, incomer, stranger

### Further reading

* “пришьльць”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2024
# dagsmeja
## Swedish
### Alternative forms

* dagsmidja, dagsmedja (archaic spelling)

### Etymology

Probably from Old Norse *dagsmegin, from dagr and megin (whence also Swedish mägen), but spelling with -g- is attested only once (in 1528), and is not supported by sound changes in the Norwegian cognates.
Compare Norwegian Nynorsk dagsmeie, dialectal Danish dagmeden and Danicized Norwegian dagmejning. Probably same ending as in dialectal Norwegian Nynorsk gardsmeie (“heat from farm buildings”), solmeie (“sun halo”) and møye (“sun or moon halo”).

### Noun

dagsmeja c
* thawing of (the uppermost layer of) snow or ice in sunlight (though the air temperature is still below zero)
** 1919, Rolf Ane Randel, Den inbitnes själaskatt, via Swedish Literature Bank, page 99:Ju mer jag fördjupar mig i ämnet, desto klarare ser jag, att det ingenting tjänar till att predika mot köttets evangelium, när magen skriker av hunger och sedlarna rinna ihop som gamla snödrivor för en marssols dagsmeja.The more I delve into the subject, the clearer I see that it serves no purpose to preach against the gospel of the flesh when the stomach cries out in hunger and the bills melt together like old snowdrifts in the daylight thaw of March sun.
** 2009, anonymous author, “Tåten om Svaði och Arnór Käringnäsa”, in Catarina Röjder, transl., Isländska kortsagor, via Swedish Literature Bank, page 128:Från denna dag var det lugnt väder och blid dagsmeja.From this day on, the weather was calm and mild daylight thaw.
** 2023 February 5, “Mer sol att se fram emot i veckan [More sun to look forward to this week]”, in Vimmerby Tidning:Solen öste på rejält på lördagen. Så pass att det rent av kom att bli lite dagsmeja.The sun shone quite strongly on Saturday. So much so that it even turned into a bit of daylight thaw.

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | dagsmeja | dagsmejas |
| singular | definite | dagsmejan | dagsmejans |
| plural | indefinite | dagsmejor | dagsmejors |
| plural | definite | dagsmejorna | dagsmejornas |

#### See also

* tö (“thaw (due to above zero temperature)”)
* blidväder (“period of thaw”)

### References

* dagsmeja in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* dagsmeja in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* dagsmeja in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# żęło
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʐɛ.wɔ/
* Rhymes: -ɛwɔ
* Syllabification: żę‧ło

### Verb

żęło
* third-person singular neuter past of żąć
# cephalons
## English
### Noun

cephalons
* plural of cephalon
# runs into one
## English
### Verb

runs into one
* third-person singular simple present indicative of run into one
# runs in with
## English
### Verb

runs in with
* third-person singular simple present indicative of run in with
# rustles up
## English
### Verb

rustles up
* third-person singular simple present indicative of rustle up
# rustling up
## English
### Verb

rustling up
* present participle and gerund of rustle up
# Tăuții-Măgherăuș
## English
### Etymology

From Romanian Tăuții-Măgherăuș.

### Proper noun

Tăuții-Măgherăuș
* A village and commune of Maramureș, Romania.

## Romanian
### Etymology

From Tăuți + Măgherăuș.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Tăuții-Măgherăuș m
* A town in Maramureș, Romania
# saddened up
## English
### Verb

saddened up
* simple past and past participle of sadden up
# sallying forth
## English
### Verb

sallying forth
* present participle and gerund of sally forth
# salting down
## English
### Verb

salting down
* present participle and gerund of salt down
# sautés up
## English
### Verb

sautés up
* third-person singular simple present indicative of sauté up
# sautéing up
## English
### Verb

sautéing up
* present participle and gerund of sauté up
# said to oneself
## English
### Verb

said to oneself
* simple past and past participle of say to oneself
# scienced up
## English
### Verb

scienced up
* simple past and past participle of science up
# scoots up
## English
### Verb

scoots up
* third-person singular simple present indicative of scoot up
# scooted up
## English
### Verb

scooted up
* simple past and past participle of scoot up
# compatric
## English
### Adjective

compatric
* Synonym of sympatric
# shaved up
## English
### Verb

shaved up
* simple past and past participle of shave up
# ondruncnian
## Old English
### Etymology

From on- +‎ druncnian.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈonˌdrun.kni.ɑn/, [ˈonˌdruŋ.kni.ɑn]

### Verb

ondruncnian
* (intransitive) to get drunk

#### Usage notes

* This noun is only attested in the present participle form ondruncniende, which may represent either ondruncian + -iende or on- + druncniende.

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “on-druncian”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
# αρχιπελάγη
## Greek
### Noun

αρχιπελάγη • (archipelági) n
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of αρχιπέλαγος (archipélagos)
# 튀김
## Korean
### Etymology

Gerund form of 튀기다 (twigida, “to fry”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [tʰɥiɡim] ~ [tʰyɡim]
* Phonetic hangul: [튀김]

### Noun

| South Korean Standard Language | 튀김 (twigim) |
| North Korean Standard Language | 튀기 (twigi) |
튀김 • (twigim)
* fried food; various deep-fried snacks
* fries

### References

* 튀김 in Korean-English Learners' Dictionary, National Institute of Korean Language, cc by-sa 2.0 kr.
# ellifu
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ainalif. Compare Old Saxon ellevan, Old English endleofan, Old Frisian andlova, Old High German einlif, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌻𐌹𐍆 (ainlif).

### Numeral

ellifu
* (cardinal number) eleven

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: ellefu
* Faroese: ellivu
* Norwegian: elleve
* Jamtish: elluv
* Elfdalian: ellåv
* Old Swedish: ællivu, ællivo, ællevo, ælleve, ælleva, ællovo, ællova
** Swedish: elva, (archaic or dialectal) ellova
* Old Danish: ællifu, ællæuæ, ælløuæ, ællefue
** Danish: elleve
* Gutnish: elve, elvå, elvu

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “ellifu”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
# Bytom Odrzański
## Polish
### Etymology

Literally, “Oder Bytom”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɘ.tɔm ɔˈdʐaɲ.ski/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Syllabification: By‧tom O‧drzań‧ski

### Proper noun

Bytom Odrzański m inan
* Bytom Odrzański (a town in the Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland)

#### Derived terms

* bytomski
* bytomianin
* bytomianka

### Further reading

* Bytom Odrzański in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* Bytom Odrzański in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# jurny
## Polish
### Etymology

From obsolete jurzyć +‎ -ny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjur.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -urnɘ
* Syllabification: jur‧ny

### Adjective

jurny (comparative jurniejszy, superlative najjurniejszy, derived adverb jurnie)
* (dated) lewd, horny

#### Derived terms

* jurność

### Further reading

* jurny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* jurny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# huczny
## Polish
### Etymology

From huk +‎ -ny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxut͡ʂ.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ut͡ʂnɘ
* Syllabification: hucz‧ny

### Adjective

huczny (comparative huczniejszy, superlative najhuczniejszy, derived adverb hucznie)
* grand, imposing, showy
* loud

#### Related terms

* huczność
* huk
* huczeć

### Further reading

* huczny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* huczny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# nadsypać
## Polish
### Etymology

From nad- +‎ sypać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /natˈsɘ.pat͡ɕ/
* Rhymes: -ɘpat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: nad‧sy‧pać

### Verb

nadsypać pf (imperfective nadsypywać)
* (transitive) to oversprinkle (to sprinkle over something) [with accusative or genitive]
* (transitive) to sprinkle too much
* (transitive, obsolete) to sprinkle a bit, to sprinkle a little
    Synonym: posypać

#### Derived terms

* nadsypka

### Further reading

* nadsypać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* nadsypać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “nadsypać”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 54
* nadsypać in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
# appetize
## English
### Alternative forms

* appetise

### Etymology

Back-formation from appetizing.

### Verb

appetize (third-person singular simple present appetizes, present participle appetizing, simple past and past participle appetized)
* (rare) To whet the appetite.

#### Derived terms

* appetizer
# istotny
## Polish
### Etymology

From istota +‎ -ny. First attested in 1543.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /isˈtɔt.nɘ/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /isˈtɔt.nɨ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔtnɘ
* Syllabification: is‧tot‧ny

### Adjective

istotny (comparative istotniejszy, superlative najistotniejszy, derived adverb istotnie)
* critical (having a big impact)
    Synonyms: relewantny, ważny, znaczący
* relevant (pertaining to the topic at hand)
* main, principal
    Synonyms: główny, podstawowy
* actual, real
    Synonyms: rzeczywisty, prawdziwy
* (obsolete, medicine) spontaneous (self-generated; happening without any apparent external cause)
    Synonym: samoistny
* (Middle Polish, in translations of Latin) essential

#### Derived terms

* współistotny
* istotność
* istnieć impf

### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), istotny is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 30 times in scientific texts, 8 times in news, 43 times in essays, 2 times in fiction, and 1 time in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 84 times, making it the 757th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “istota”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
* ↑ Mańczak, Witold (2017) “istota”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
* ↑ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “istotny”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
* ↑ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “istotny”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “istotny”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 157

### Further reading

* istotny in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* istotny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* “ISTOTNY”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 19.09.2008
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “istotny”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “istotny”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “istotny”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 112
* istotny in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
# zaśpiew
## Polish
### Etymology

Deverbal from zaśpiewać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈza.ɕpjɛf/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aɕpjɛf
* Syllabification: za‧śpiew

### Noun

zaśpiew m inan
* (singing) wailing, yearning singing
* (singing) lilt (cheerful tune of birds)
* lilt (cheerful or melodious accent when speaking)
* (singing) beginning of a melody or chant

#### Related terms

* zaśpiewać

### Further reading

* zaśpiew in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zaśpiew in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# temperamento
## Interlingua
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

temperamento (plural temperamentos)
* moderation
* temperament, disposition

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin temperamentum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tem.pe.raˈmen.to/
* Rhymes: -ento
* Hyphenation: tem‧pe‧ra‧mén‧to

### Noun

temperamento m (plural temperamenti)
* temperament, disposition

#### Related terms

* temperare

## Latin
### Noun

temperāmentō
* dative/ablative singular of temperāmentum

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin temperāmentum.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /tẽ.pe.ɾaˈmẽ.tu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /tẽ.pe.ɾaˈmẽ.tu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /tẽ.pe.ɾaˈmẽ.to/
* (Portugal) IPA: /tẽ.pɨ.ɾɐˈmẽ.tu/
* Hyphenation: tem‧pe‧ra‧men‧to

### Noun

temperamento m (plural temperamentos)
* temper (state of mind)
* tempering (the act of tempering material)
* temper; temperament (a person’s normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting)
    Synonyms: índole, génio

#### Related terms

* temperar

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin temperāmentum. Cf. also the obsolete doublet templamiento.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tempeɾaˈmento/ [t̪ẽm.pe.ɾaˈmẽn̪.t̪o]
* Rhymes: -ento
* Syllabification: tem‧pe‧ra‧men‧to

### Noun

temperamento m (plural temperamentos)
* temperament

#### Related terms

* temperar

### Further reading

* “temperamento”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10