# 坂

| 坂 | U+5742, &#22338; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5742 |
| ← 坁 [U+5741] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 坃 → [U+5743] |

## Translingual
### Han character

坂 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土竹水 (GHE), four-corner 4114$_7$ or 4214$_7$, composition ⿰土反)

#### Derived characters

* 𭇸

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 224, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4910
* Dae Jaweon: page 459, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 423, character 9
* Unihan data for U+5742

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 坂 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 扳 | *praːn, *pʰraːn |
| 板 | *praːnʔ |
| 版 | *praːnʔ |
| 瓪 | *praːnʔ, *paːnʔ |
| 昄 | *praːnʔ, *braːnʔ, *paːnʔ |
| 鈑 | *praːnʔ |
| 蝂 | *praːnʔ |
| 眅 | *pʰraːn, *pʰraːnʔ |
| 阪 | *braːnʔ, *panʔ |
| 魬 | *braːnʔ |
| 粄 | *paːnʔ |
| 反 | *panʔ, *pʰan |
| 返 | *panʔ |
| 坂 | *panʔ |
| 畈 | *pans |
| 販 | *pans |
| 汳 | *pʰans |
| 飯 | *bonʔ, *bons |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *panʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǎn (ban$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄢˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǎn
*** Wade–Giles: pan$^3$
*** Yale: bǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baan
*** Palladius: бань (banʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pän²¹⁴/
* Middle Chinese: pjonX
Rime :
| Character | 坂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 府遠切 |
| Baxter | pjonX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʉɐn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷiɐn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuɐn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puan$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /piuɐn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwɐn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯wɐn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faan$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*panʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 坂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2970 |
| Phonetic component | 反 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 反 |
| Old Chinese | /*panʔ/ |
| Notes | 同阪見山海經 |

#### Definitions

坂
* (literary) slope

### Etymology 2
#### Definitions

* For pronunciation and definitions of 坂 – see 阪 (“hillside farmland; slope”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 阪).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Compounds

* 下坂走丸
* 前坂 (Qiánbǎn)
* 大坂 (Dàbǎn)
* 布喀達坂峰 / 布喀达坂峰 (Bùkādábǎn Fēng)
* 蒲坂
* 達坂 / 达坂 (dábǎn)
* 長坂 / 长坂
* 長坂坡 / 长坂坡

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* Alternative form of 阪

#### Readings

* Go-on: べん (ben)、ほん (hon)
* Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: ばん (ban)
* Kun: さか (saka, 坂, Jōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 坂
* さか Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 坂 – see the following entry. :
| 【さか】 | [noun] slope; hill Alternative spelling 阪 |
(This term, 坂, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

坂 (eum 판 (pan))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

坂: Hán Việt readings: phản
坂: Nôm readings: bản, phản, phằng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.