# 惹

| 惹 | U+60F9, &#24825; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60F9 |
| ← 惸 [U+60F8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 惺 → [U+60FA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

惹 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿大口心 (TKRP), four-corner 4433$_6$, composition ⿱若心)

#### Derived characters

* 㘃, 𭞱

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 393, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10866
* Dae Jaweon: page 729, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2309, character 1
* Unihan data for U+60F9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 惹 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 若 | *nja, *njaʔ, *njaɡ |
| 婼 | *nja, *nje, *n̥ʰaɡ |
| 惹 | *njaʔ, *njaɡ |
| 諾 | *naːɡ |
| 蠚 | *hnaːɡ, *n̥ʰaɡ |
| 逽 | *naɡ |
| 蹃 | *naɡ, *rnaːɡ |
| 箬 | *njaɡ |
| 楉 | *njaɡ |
| 鄀 | *njaɡ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rě (re$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄜˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): je$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiâ
* Northern Min (KCR): niǎ
* Eastern Min (BUC): niā
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liá / jiá
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ria$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$za
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rě
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄜˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rě
*** Wade–Giles: jê$^3$
*** Yale: rě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ree
*** Palladius: жэ (žɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐɤ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: je$^5$
*** Yale: yéh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: je$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yé$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛː¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngia$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngia$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯a²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: niǎ
*** Sinological IPA : /nia²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: niā
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡia³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liá
*** Tâi-lô: liá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liar
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /lia⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lia⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiá
*** Tâi-lô: jiá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiar
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zia⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zia⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ria$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiá
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡zia⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$za
*** MiniDict: za$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$za
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /za²³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit惹 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐɤ²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʐɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /iɤ¹³/ /ʐɤ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʐə⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iə⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʐʐ̩ɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʐɤ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʐɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʐə⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʐə⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʐɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /nɤ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ze⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ze⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʐə⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʐe²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʐe²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /zɤ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʐʐ̩e̞⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ʐɤ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /za²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zɑ³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zɑ¹³/ /ȵiɑ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /zei³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ie³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ia²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʐə⁴¹/ /ȵia⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /iɒ⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /iɑ²¹³/ /lɑ²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋia⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ŋiɑ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɛ²³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jɛ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jɛ¹³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lia⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /nia³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /nia²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /zia⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /za²¹³/ |
* Middle Chinese: nyaeX
Rime :
| Character | 惹 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 人者切 |
| Baxter | nyaeX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵia$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵia$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑia$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵia$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵia$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭa$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯a$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rě |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | je$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njaʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 惹 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 10931 |
| Phonetic component | 若 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 若 |
| Old Chinese | /*njaʔ/ |

#### Definitions

惹
* to cause (a problem); to court
* to offend; to provoke; to irritate; to vex
       Nǐ gànmá lǎo shì rě wǒ? [Pinyin]
       Why do you always get on my nerves?
       m$^4$ hou$^2$ je$^5$ keoi$^5$ dei$^6$. [Jyutping]
       Don't provoke them.
* to attract; to cause (a reaction)
* (Cantonese) to attract (an animal)
    惹烏蠅／惹乌蝇 [Cantonese] ― je$^5$ wu$^1$ jing$^{4-1}$ [Jyutping] ― to attract flies
* (Cantonese) to infect

##### Synonyms

* (to offend):
* 冒犯 (màofàn)
* 唐突 (tángtū) (literary)
* 干犯 (gānfàn) (literary)
* 得失 (déshī) (dialectal)
* 得罪 (dézuì)
* 沖犯 / 冲犯 (chōngfàn)
* 碰撞 (pèngzhuàng)
* 衝撞 / 冲撞 (chōngzhuàng)
* 觸犯 / 触犯 (chùfàn)
* 開罪 / 开罪 (kāizuì) (literary)
* (to attract an animal): 招 (zhāo)

#### Compounds

* 不好惹
* 不惹氣 / 不惹气
* 不惹眼
* 傳惹 / 传惹
* 儸惹 / 㑩惹
* 利惹名牽 / 利惹名牵
* 勾惹
* 嘲惹
* 好惹 (hǎorě)
* 干惹
* 引惹
* 思惹情牽 / 思惹情牵
* 惹不起 (rěbùqǐ)
* 惹事 (rěshì)
* 惹事招非
* 惹事生非 (rěshìshēngfēi)
* 惹人憐愛 / 惹人怜爱 (rěrénlián'ài)
* 惹動 / 惹动
* 惹厭 / 惹厌
* 惹口舌
* 惹口面
* 惹子
* 惹惹
* 惹惱 / 惹恼 (rěnǎo)
* 意惹情牽 / 意惹情牵
* 惹是招非
* 惹是生非 (rěshìshēngfēi)
* 惹是非
* 惹毛 (rěmáo)
* 惹氣 / 惹气 (rěqì)
* 惹火 (rěhuǒ)
* 惹火燒身 / 惹火烧身 (rěhuǒshāoshēn)
* 惹災招禍 / 惹灾招祸
* 惹焰燒身 / 惹焰烧身
* 惹犯
* 惹發 / 惹发
* 惹目
* 惹眼
* 惹禍 / 惹祸 (rěhuò)
* 惹禍招愆 / 惹祸招愆
* 惹禍招殃 / 惹祸招殃
* 惹禍招災 / 惹祸招灾
* 惹絆 / 惹绊
* 惹罪招愆
* 惹翻
* 惹草拈花
* 惹草沾花
* 惹草沾風 / 惹草沾风
* 惹草粘花
* 惹草黏花
* 惹起
* 惹麻煩 / 惹麻烦 (rě máfan)
* 招事惹非
* 招惹 (zhāorě)
* 招是惹非
* 招災惹禍 / 招灾惹祸
* 招花惹草
* 拈花惹草 (niānhuārěcǎo)
* 招蜂惹蝶
* 招風惹草 / 招风惹草
* 招風惹雨 / 招风惹雨
* 撩惹
* 攬惹 / 揽惹
* 染惹
* 沾惹
* 沾花惹草
* 沾風惹草 / 沾风惹草
* 火惹惹
* 牽惹 / 牵惹
* 粘花惹絮
* 粘花惹草
* 絆惹 / 绊惹
* 縈惹 / 萦惹
* 縈腸惹肚 / 萦肠惹肚
* 纏惹 / 缠惹
* 罹惹
* 羅惹 / 罗惹 (luórě)
* 胡羅惹 / 胡罗惹
* 苒惹
* 討惹厭 / 讨惹厌
* 遷惹 / 迁惹
* 邏惹 / 逻惹
* 雨沾雲惹 / 雨沾云惹
* 霑惹 / 沾惹
* 黏惹

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ruò (ruo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄛˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ruò
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ruò
*** Wade–Giles: jo$^4$
*** Yale: rwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruoh
*** Palladius: жо (žo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: nyak
Rime :
| Character | 惹 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 而灼切 |
| Baxter | nyak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑiɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭak̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ruò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | joek$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njaɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 惹 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 10942 |
| Phonetic component | 若 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 若 |
| Old Chinese | /*njaɡ/ |

#### Definitions

惹
* Alternative form of 偌 (“such; so”)
* Used in 惹惹.

### Etymology 3

Corruption of 了 (le)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): re, rě (re$^5$／re$^0$, re$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ˙ㄖㄜ, ㄖㄜˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: re
*** Zhuyin: ˙ㄖㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: re̊
*** Wade–Giles: jê$^5$
*** Yale: re
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .re
*** Palladius: жэ (žɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐə/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rě
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄜˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rě
*** Wade–Giles: jê$^3$
*** Yale: rě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ree
*** Palladius: жэ (žɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐɤ²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

惹
* (Mandarin, Internet slang, usually women's speech, LGBTQ slang) Alternative form of 了, conveying the speaker’s emotions such as cuteness, coquettishness, playfulness, cheerfulness, or mildness
** 2017, 貓邏, chapter 7, in 蜂舞‎, volume 9, Taichung: 飛燕文創, →ISBN:
       “Chǎo sǐ re! Nǎlǐ lái de chǔnhuò? Chǎo dào běn lóng shuìjiào re!” Nènshēngnènqì de màshēng chuánchū, dǎduànle Sīkōnglóng de hǎnhuà. [Pinyin]
       “It’s so noisy! Where did this idiot come from? It’s loud enough to disturb my sleep!” A soft and tender voice interrupted Sikong Long’s speech.
** 2022 August 10, 奶粉七号, Bilibili‎, archived from the original on 2024-12-24:
       lánpéngyou zhíbō, pínglùnqū fā dàshuǐ re, quán shì jījiàoshēng [Pinyin]
       During a firefighter’s live broadcast, the comment section was flooded with lust and full of horny screams
** 2024, 周侠 [Xia Zhou], quoting 北京语言大学语料库中心 [BLCU Corpus Center], “互动语言学视角下网络新兴语气词“惹”的研究 [An Interactive Linguistic Perspective on the Emerging Tone of Voice on the Internet: A Study of “re”]”, in 现代语言学 [Modern Linguistics], volume 12, number 11, →DOI, page 177:
       Nǐmen liǎ dōu tài kě'ài re!!! [Pinyin]
       You two are so cute!!!

##### Usage notes

The particle often adds an element of charm or vulnerability to the speaker’s expression.

### References

* “惹”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: にゃ (nya)、にゃく (nyaku)
* Kan-on: じゃ (ja)、じゃく (jaku)
* Kun: ひく (hiku, 惹く)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ja̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [야]

### Hanja

Wikisource 惹 • (ya) (hangeul 야, revised ya, McCune–Reischauer ya, Yale ya)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

惹: Hán Nôm readings: nhạ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation