# 桁

| 桁 | U+6841, &#26689; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6841 |
| ← 桀 [U+6840] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 桂 → [U+6842] |

## Translingual
### Han character

桁 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木竹人弓 (DHON), four-corner 4192$_1$, composition ⿰木行)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 525, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14754
* Dae Jaweon: page 913, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1201, character 9
* Unihan data for U+6841

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 筕 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ |
| 桁 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ |
| 行 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs |
| 胻 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs |
| 衡 | *ɡraːŋ |
| 蘅 | *ɡraːŋ |
| 珩 | *ɡraːŋ |
| 洐 | *ɡraːŋ |
| 荇 | *ɡraːŋʔ |
| 絎 | *ɡraːŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 行 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): héng (heng$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hang$^4$ / haang$^4$ / hong$^4$ / hong$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): háung
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ghaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: héng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: héng
*** Wade–Giles: hêng$^2$
*** Yale: héng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: herng
*** Palladius: хэн (xɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hang$^4$ / haang$^4$ / hong$^4$ / hong$^6$
*** Yale: hàhng / hàahng / hòhng / hohng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hang$^4$ / haang$^4$ / hong$^4$ / hong$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heng$^4$ / hang$^4$ / hong$^4$ / hong$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐŋ²¹/, /haːŋ²¹/, /hɔːŋ²¹/, /hɔːŋ²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: háung
*** Sinological IPA : /hɑuŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ghaon
*** MiniDict: ghaon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦɑ̃²³/
* Middle Chinese: hang, haeng
Rime :
| Character | 桁 | 桁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 胡郎切 | 戸庚切 |
| Baxter | hang | haeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɑŋ/ | /ɦˠæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦɑŋ/ | /ɦᵚaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɑŋ/ | /ɣaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaŋ/ | /ɦaɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɑŋ/ | /ɣɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɑŋ/ | /ɣɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɑŋ/ | /ɣɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | háng | héng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hong$^4$ | hang$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤraŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːŋ/, /*ɡraːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 桁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | héng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁraŋ/ |
| English | wooden lid |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 桁 | 桁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13863 | 13870 |
| Phonetic component | 行 | 行 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 航 | 行 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡaːŋ/ | /*ɡraːŋ/ |

##### Definitions

桁
* purlin; crossbeams of a roof, door, window, etc.

###### Synonyms

* (Eastern Min) 桁桁

##### Compounds

* 帆桁
* 桁架 (héngjià)
* 桁楊 / 桁杨
* 桁端
* 長桁 / 长桁

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): héng, háng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄥˊ, ㄏㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hang$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: héng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: héng
*** Wade–Giles: hêng$^2$
*** Yale: héng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: herng
*** Palladius: хэн (xɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤŋ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: háng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: háng
*** Wade–Giles: hang$^2$
*** Yale: háng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harng
*** Palladius: хан (xan)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hang$^4$
*** Yale: hàhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐŋ²¹/

##### Definitions

桁
* cangue placed on a criminal's neck and feet

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kông
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kông
*** Tâi-lô: kông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koong
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ²³/

#### Definitions

桁
* (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) large rod used to reinforce a door or window
* (Xiamen Hokkien) to press against something to stabilize it (using a large rod)

#### Compounds

* 徛桁
* 樓桁 / 楼桁
* 橫桁 / 横桁
* 門桁 / 门桁

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)、ごう (gō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: けた (keta, 桁, Jōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 桁
* けた Grade: S
* kun'yomi
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けた [kètá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ke̞ta̠]

### Noun

桁(けた) • (keta)
* (construction) girder, crossbeam
** 2019, Mori Kōnin, Morimoto Minori, Sugu ni yakudatsu saishin Kenchiku Kijunhō to shidō kyōkai nisshōken no hōritsu to toraburu kaiketsuhō [Useful guide to the latest Building Standards Act and laws on private driveways, property boundaries, and zoning, with trouble shooting], page 72:
    木(もく)造(ぞう)建(けん)築(ちく)物(ぶつ)の場(ば)合(あい)は地(じ)盤(ばん)面(めん)から敷(しき)桁(げた)上(じょう)端(たん)（柱(はしら)の上(じょう)部(ぶ)を連(れん)結(けつ)しているけたの上(じょう)端(たん)）まで […] の高(たか)さが軒(のき)の高(たか)さになります。
       Mokuzō kenchikubutsu no baai wa jibanmen kara shikigeta jōtan (hashira no jōbu o renketsu shite iru keta no jōtan) made […] no takasa ga noki no takasa ni narimasu.
       In the case of wooden buildings, the height from the ground surface to the top of the top plate (the top of the crossbeam connecting the tops of the pillars) defines the height of the eaves.
* the rod that goes through the beads of an abacus
** 1916, Mori Ōgai, Takasabune [The Boat on the Takase River]‎:
    彼(かれ)と我(わ)れとの相(そう)違(い)は、いわば十(そ)露(ろ)盤(ばん)の桁(けた)が違(ちが)っているだけで、喜(き)助(すけ)のありがたがる二(に)百(ひゃく)文(もん)に相(そう)当(とう)する貯(ちょ)蓄(ちく)だに、こっちはないのである。
       Kare to ware to no sōi wa, iwaba soroban no keta ga chigatte iru dake de, Kisuke no arigatagaru nihyaku-mon ni sōtō suru chochiku dani, kotchi wa nai no de aru.
       You can say the only difference between us is a rod on the abacus. Shobei had no such thing as the 200-mon worth of extra funds that was giving Kisuke so much pleasure.
* (arithmetic) digit (a numeral used in a positional numeral system)
    桁(けた)溢(あふ)れ
       keta afure
       digit overflow
    十(じゅっ)桁(けた)の番号(ばんごう)
       jukketa no bangō
       10-digit ID number
    二(に)十(じっ)進法(しんほう)では八(はっ)千(せん)で四(よん)桁(けた)に達(たっ)する。
       Nijisshinhō de wa hassen de yon keta ni tassuru.
       In base twenty, one reaches four digits at eight thousand.
** 2015, Yazawa Hisao, Deru toko dake! kihon jōhō gijutsusha [Just what you need: basics of information technology], page 27:
    16(じゅうろく)進( しん)数(すう)は、16(じゅうろく)で桁(けた)上(あ)がりする数(かぞ)え方(かた)です。16(じゅうろく)進( しん)数(すう)では、15(じゅうご)までを1(いち)桁(けた)で表(あらわ)さなければならないので、A～F(エー～エフ)を数(すう)字(じ)として使(つか)って、0(ゼロ)、1(いち)、2(に)、3(さん)、4(よん)、5(ご)、6(ろく)、7(なな)、8(はち)、9(きゅう)、A(エー)、B(ビー)、C(シー)、D(ディー)、E(イー)、F(エフ)、10(いちゼロ)、……と数(かぞ)えます。
       Jūroku shinsū wa, jūroku de keta agari suru kazoekata desu. Jūroku shinsū de wa, jūgo made o ichi keta de arawasanakereba naranai no de, ē~efu o sūji to shite tsukatte, zero, ichi, ni, san, yon, go, roku, nana, hachi, kyū, ē, bī, shī, dī, ī, efu, ichi-zero,…… to kazoemasu.
       Hexadecimal is a system of counting based on 16 digits. In hexadecimal, since we need to represent values up to 15 with one digit we use A to F as numerals, and count 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F, 10... and so on.

#### Derived terms

* (girder): 橋(はし)桁(げた) (hashigeta, “bridge girder”)
* (digit): 桁(けた)外(はず)れ (ketahazure, “incalculable”)

#### Related terms

* (girder): 梁(はり) (hari, “beam”), 棟(むね) (mune, “ridge”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Takumi KASHIMA (加島 巧) and Loretta LORENZ, transl. (2007 December 30), “Takasebune (English Translation of Mori Ogai's Takasebune)”, in 長崎外大論叢 [The Journal of Nagasaki University of Foreign Studies]‎

## Korean
### Hanja

桁 • (hang, hyeong) (hangeul 항, 형, revised hang, hyeong, McCune–Reischauer hang, hyŏng, Yale hang, hyeng)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

桁: Hán Nôm readings: hành
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.