# 要求
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yāoqiú
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu$^1$ kau$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yêu-khiù
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iau-kiû
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iou$^1$ kiu$^5$ / iao$^1$ kiu$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$iau-jieu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yāoqiú
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yaocióu
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^1$-chʻiu$^2$
*** Yale: yāu-chyóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iauchyou
*** Palladius: яоцю (jaocju)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jiu$^1$ kau$^4$
*** Yale: yīu kàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jiu$^1$ kau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yiu$^1$ keo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːu̯⁵⁵ kʰɐu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu-khiù
*** Hakka Romanization System: ieu$^ˊ$ kiu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yeu$^1$ kiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯eu̯²⁴ kʰi̯u¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu-khiù
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ieu$^ˊ$ kiu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yeu$^1$ kiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯eu̯²⁴ kʰi̯u¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iau-kiû
*** Tâi-lô: iau-kiû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iau'kiuu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iau⁴⁴⁻²² kiu²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iau³³ kiu²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iau⁴⁴⁻²² kiu¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iau⁴⁴⁻³³ kiu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iau⁴⁴⁻³³ kiu²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iou$^1$ kiu$^5$ / iao$^1$ kiu$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iou khiû / iau khiû
*** Sinological IPA : /iou³³⁻²³ kʰiu⁵⁵/, /iau³³⁻²³ kʰiu⁵⁵/
* iou1 kiu5 - Chaozhou;
* iao1 kiu5 - Shantou.
* Middle Chinese: 'jiew gjuw
Rime :
| Character | 要 | 求 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於霄切 | 巨鳩切 |
| Baxter | 'jiew | gjuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔiᴇu/ | /ɡɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiɛu/ | /ɡiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔjæu/ | /ɡiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔiaw/ | /guw/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiɛu/ | /ɡiu/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭɛu/ | /ɡĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ɛu/ | /gi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yāo | qiú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jiu$^1$ | kau$^4$ |

### Verb

要求
* to ask; to request; to require; to demand; to claim
    要求退款 ― yāoqiú tuìkuǎn ― to request a refund
    強烈要求／强烈要求 ― qiángliè yāoqiú ― to demand; to urge
       yāoqiú mǒurén zuò mǒushì [Pinyin]
       to ask somebody to do something
       Tā yāoqiú tāmen wèi tā pò ge lì. [Pinyin]
       She asked them to make an exception for her.
       Tā de gōngzuò yāoqiú tā quánguó sìchù pǎo. [Pinyin]
       His work required him to move about the country.
       Xiànzài yǒu hěn duō shīshēng dōu liánmíng xiěxìn yāoqiú qǔxiāo lǎoshī de jiàoshòu zīgé. [Pinyin]
       Many teachers and students are now jointly writing to demand the cancellation of the teacher’s professor eligibility.

#### Synonyms

* 乞丐 (qǐgài) (archaic)
* 乞憐 / 乞怜 (qǐlián) (to beg for pity)
* 乞求 (qǐqiú)
* 哀告 (āigào)
* 哀求 (āiqiú)
* 央告 (yānggào)
* 央求 (yāngqiú)
* 憑 / 凭 (píng) (literary)
* 懇求 / 恳求 (kěnqiú)
* 懇請 / 恳请 (kěnqǐng)
* 求 (qiú)
* 沽情 (Hokkien)
* 煩請 / 烦请 (fánqǐng) (honorific, polite)
* 祈求 (qíqiú) (to pray for)
* 祈祝 (qízhù) (literary)
* 祝禱 / 祝祷 (zhùdǎo) (literary)
* 請 / 请
* 請求 / 请求 (qǐngqiú)

### Noun

要求
* request; requirement; demand; claim (Classifier: 點／点)
    提要求 ― tí yāoqiú ― to make a request
    著裝要求／着装要求 ― zhuózhuāng yāoqiú ― dress code
    領土要求／领土要求 ― lǐngtǔ yāoqiú ― territorial claim
    申請要求／申请要求 ― shēnqǐng yāoqiú ― application requirements
    披露要求 ― pīlù yāoqiú ― disclosure requirements
    分區要求／分区要求 ― fēnqū yāoqiú ― zoning requirements
    擇偶要求／择偶要求 ― zé'ǒu yāoqiú ― one's requirements for a future spouse

#### Synonyms

* 先決條件 / 先决条件 (xiānjué tiáojiàn)
* 前提 (qiántí)
* 條件 / 条件 (tiáojiàn)
* 訴求 / 诉求 (sùqiú)
* 請求 / 请求 (qǐngqiú)
* 需求 (xūqiú)
* 需要 (xūyào)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 要求(ようきゅう) (yōkyū)
* → Korean: 요구(要求) (yogu)
* → Vietnamese: yêu cầu (要求)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 要 | 求 |
| よう Grade: 4 | きゅう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 要求 (MC 'jiew gjuw).

### Noun

要(よう)求(きゅう) • (yōkyū)
* demand; firm request; requirement
    要求(ようきゅう)を無視(むし)した。
       Yōkyū o mushi shita.
       They did not listen to our demands.

### Verb

要(よう)求(きゅう)する • (yōkyū suru) transitive suru (stem 要(よう)求(きゅう)し (yōkyū shi), past 要(よう)求(きゅう)した (yōkyū shita))
* to demand

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 要求し | ようきゅうし | yōkyū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 要求し | ようきゅうし | yōkyū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 要求する | ようきゅうする | yōkyū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 要求する | ようきゅうする | yōkyū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 要求すれ | ようきゅうすれ | yōkyū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 要求せよ¹ 要求しろ² | ようきゅうせよ¹ ようきゅうしろ² | yōkyū seyo¹ yōkyū shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 要求される | ようきゅうされる | yōkyū sareru |
| Causative | 要求させる 要求さす | ようきゅうさせる ようきゅうさす | yōkyū saseru yōkyū sasu |
| Potential | 要求できる | ようきゅうできる | yōkyū dekiru |
| Volitional | 要求しよう | ようきゅうしよう | yōkyū shiyō |
| Negative | 要求しない | ようきゅうしない | yōkyū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 要求せず | ようきゅうせず | yōkyū sezu |
| Formal | 要求します | ようきゅうします | yōkyū shimasu |
| Perfective | 要求した | ようきゅうした | yōkyū shita |
| Conjunctive | 要求して | ようきゅうして | yōkyū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 要求すれば | ようきゅうすれば | yōkyū sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 要 | 求 |

### Noun

要求 • (yogu) (hangeul 요구)
* hanja form of 요구 (“demand; claim”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 要 | 求 |

### Verb

要求
* chữ Hán form of yêu cầu (“(formal) to demand”).

### Noun

要求
* chữ Hán form of yêu cầu (“demand; request”).