# kumu
## Finnish
### Etymology

kum- +‎ -u; related to kumina, kumea, kumista and kumajaa, likely ultimately onomatopoeic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkumu/, [ˈkumu]
* Rhymes: -umu
* Hyphenation: ku‧mu

### Noun

kumu
* rumble

#### Declension

Possessive forms of kumu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kumuni
kumuni
accusative
nom.
kumuni
kumuni
gen.
kumuni
genitive
kumuni
kumujeni
partitive
kumuani
kumujani
inessive
kumussani
kumuissani
elative
kumustani
kumuistani
illative
kumuuni
kumuihini
adessive
kumullani
kumuillani
ablative
kumultani
kumuiltani
allative
kumulleni
kumuilleni
essive
kumunani
kumuinani
translative
kumukseni
kumuikseni
abessive
kumuttani
kumuittani
instructive
comitative
—kumuineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kumusi
kumusi
accusative
nom.
kumusi
kumusi
gen.
kumusi
genitive
kumusi
kumujesi
partitive
kumuasi
kumujasi
inessive
kumussasi
kumuissasi
elative
kumustasi
kumuistasi
illative
kumuusi
kumuihisi
adessive
kumullasi
kumuillasi
ablative
kumultasi
kumuiltasi
allative
kumullesi
kumuillesi
essive
kumunasi
kumuinasi
translative
kumuksesi
kumuiksesi
abessive
kumuttasi
kumuittasi
instructive
comitative
—kumuinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kumumme
kumumme
accusative
nom.
kumumme
kumumme
gen.
kumumme
genitive
kumumme
kumujemme
partitive
kumuamme
kumujamme
inessive
kumussamme
kumuissamme
elative
kumustamme
kumuistamme
illative
kumuumme
kumuihimme
adessive
kumullamme
kumuillamme
ablative
kumultamme
kumuiltamme
allative
kumullemme
kumuillemme
essive
kumunamme
kumuinamme
translative
kumuksemme
kumuiksemme
abessive
kumuttamme
kumuittamme
instructive
comitative
—kumuinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kumunne
kumunne
accusative
nom.
kumunne
kumunne
gen.
kumunne
genitive
kumunne
kumujenne
partitive
kumuanne
kumujanne
inessive
kumussanne
kumuissanne
elative
kumustanne
kumuistanne
illative
kumuunne
kumuihinne
adessive
kumullanne
kumuillanne
ablative
kumultanne
kumuiltanne
allative
kumullenne
kumuillenne
essive
kumunanne
kumuinanne
translative
kumuksenne
kumuiksenne
abessive
kumuttanne
kumuittanne
instructive
comitative
—kumuinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kumunsa
kumunsa
accusative
nom.
kumunsa
kumunsa
gen.
kumunsa
genitive
kumunsa
kumujensa
partitive
kumuaan kumuansa
kumujaan kumujansa
inessive
kumussaan kumussansa
kumuissaan kumuissansa
elative
kumustaan kumustansa
kumuistaan kumuistansa
illative
kumuunsa
kumuihinsa
adessive
kumullaan kumullansa
kumuillaan kumuillansa
ablative
kumultaan kumultansa
kumuiltaan kumuiltansa
allative
kumulleen kumullensa
kumuilleen kumuillensa
essive
kumunaan kumunansa
kumuinaan kumuinansa
translative
kumukseen kumuksensa
kumuikseen kumuiksensa
abessive
kumuttaan kumuttansa
kumuittaan kumuittansa
instructive
comitative
—kumuineen kumuinensa :

### Further reading

* “kumu”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* muku

## Hawaiian
### Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *tumu (compare with Maori tumu and Tahitian tumu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈku.mu/

### Noun

kumu
* teacher
* basis, foundation
* source, cause

### References

* Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tumu”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
* Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “kumu”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, revised & enlarged edition, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN, page 182

## Japanese
### Romanization

kumu
* Rōmaji transcription of くむ

## Maori
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *kumu (compare with Tahitian ʻumu “to squeeze juice out [of a fruit]”) ~ *kumi(t) (Tahitian ʻuʻumi “to clench one's fist”, Samoan ʻūmia, Tongan kūmia) from Proto-Oceanic *gumu(t) or *gogom. Ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *gemgem (“fist; hold in the fist” – compare with Malay genggam, Ilocano gemgém).

#### Verb

kumu (passive kumua or kumungia or kumutia)
* to clench, to close one's hand tightly into a fist
* to hold or carry an object with fingers closing around it
    Synonym: rawhi
* to close or shut one's mouth
* to hold one's breath

#### References

* ↑ Compare “kumu.1”, “kumi.3a” in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online. Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011).
* ↑ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, page 469

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

kumu
* anus
* buttocks

### Further reading

* Williams, Herbert William (1917) “kumu”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 182
* “kumu” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

kumu
* vegetable
** 1995, John Verhaar, Toward a reference grammar of Tok Pisin: an experiment in corpus linguistics‎, →ISBN, page 433:Mekim olsem pinis, orait tupela i planim taro na banana, na kumu, painap, kon, tomato, na kaukau tu.(please add an English translation of this quotation)