# 山羊
## Chinese

* 山羊 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 山羊 (Cantonese)

### Etymology

Compound of 山 (shān, “mountain”) +‎ 羊 (yáng, “caprid: goat, antelope, sheep”).
The sense "buck; vaulting horse" is a calque of Russian козел (kozel).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shānyáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ ㄧㄤˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): saan$^1$ joeng$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): san$^1$ yiang$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sân-yòng
* Northern Min (KCR): suíng-iông
* Eastern Min (BUC): săng-iòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): soaⁿ-iûⁿ / soaⁿ-iôⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): suan$^1$ iên$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$se-yan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shānyáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄧㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shanyáng
*** Wade–Giles: shan$^1$-yang$^2$
*** Yale: shān-yáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanyang
*** Palladius: шаньян (šanʹjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$山羊 山陽 / 山阳
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saan$^1$ joeng$^4$
*** Yale: sāan yèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saan$^1$ joeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: san$^1$ yêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$山羊 山陽 / 山阳
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: san$^1$ yiang$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /san³³ jiaŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân-yòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: san$^ˊ$ iong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: san$^1$ yong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /san²⁴ i̯oŋ¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân-yòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: san$^ˊ$ (r)iong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: san$^1$ yong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /san²⁴ (j)i̯oŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: suíng-iông
*** Sinological IPA : /suiŋ⁵⁴ iɔŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: săng-iòng
*** Sinological IPA : /saŋ⁵⁵ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋyoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-iûⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: suann-iûnn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svoa'viuu
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ iũ²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ iũ²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ iũ²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-iôⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: suann-iônn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svoa'viooi
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² iɔ̃¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: suan$^1$ iên$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ iêⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /sũã³³⁻²³ ĩẽ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$se-yan
*** MiniDict: se$^平$ yan
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$se-hhian
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se⁵⁵ ɦiã²¹/

### Noun

山羊
* goat (animal) (Classifier: 隻／只)
* (Mainland China) buck; vaulting horse

#### Synonyms

* (goat): 羊 (yáng); (Jin) 骨纞兒／骨纞儿; (Hokkien) 羊管

#### Derived terms

* 北山羊 (běishānyáng)
* 山羊座 (Shānyángzuò)
* 山羊絨 / 山羊绒 (shānyángróng)
* 山羊角 (shānyángjiǎo)
* 山羊鬍子 / 山羊胡子 (shānyáng húzi)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 山 | 羊 |
| やぎ ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 3 |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spelling
* 野羊 (less common)

### Etymology

Ultimate derivation unclear. Theories include:
* Shift from 野牛 (yagyū, “wild cattle”), from a vague resemblance between the two creatures.
* From Middle Chinese 羊 (MC yang) + い (i, possible epenthesis; see also development of 銭 (zeni) from older sen), with resultant /jiaŋi/ realizing in Japanese phonology as yagi.
Might only be attested in Japanese since 1523.
The kanji spellings, either 山 (“mountain”) + 羊 (“sheep”) or 野 (“field; wild”) + 羊 (“sheep”), are examples of jukujikun (熟字訓).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) やぎ [yáꜜgì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ja̠ɡʲi]

### Noun

山羊(やぎ) or 山羊(ヤギ) • (yagi)
* [from 1523?] a goat (animal)
** 2000 April 20, “深(ふか)き森(もり)の長老(ちょうろう) (fukaki mori no chōrō) [Elder of the Deep Woods]”, in Magic Ruler －魔法の支配者－, Konami:
    昔(むかし)から森(もり)に住(す)んでいる白(しろ)ヤギ。真(しん)の姿(すがた)は森(もり)の長(ちょう)老(ろう)。
       Mukashi kara mori ni sundeiru shiroyagi. Shin no sugata wa Mori no Chōrō.
       A white goat who has dwelt in the woods since ancient times. Its true visage is as an Elder of the Woods.

#### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ヤギ.

#### Derived terms

* 山羊座(やぎざ) (yagiza)
* 山羊麦(やぎむぎ) (yagimugi)

#### Further reading

* Entry at Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)

### References

* ↑ “山羊・野羊”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 山 | 羊 |

### Noun

山羊 • (sanyang) (hangeul 산양)
* hanja form of 산양 (“long-tailed goral”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 山 | 羊 |

### Noun

山羊
* chữ Hán form of sơn dương (“serow”).