# protoplasma
## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English protoplasma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈprotoˌplɑsmɑ/, [ˈpro̞t̪o̞ˌplɑ̝s̠mɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑsmɑ
* Hyphenation: proto‧plasma

### Noun

protoplasma
* (biology) protoplasm

#### Declension

Possessive forms of protoplasma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
protoplasmani
protoplasmani
accusative
nom.
protoplasmani
protoplasmani
gen.
protoplasmani
genitive
protoplasmani
protoplasmojeni protoplasmaini $^{rare}$
partitive
protoplasmaani
protoplasmojani
inessive
protoplasmassani
protoplasmoissani
elative
protoplasmastani
protoplasmoistani
illative
protoplasmaani
protoplasmoihini
adessive
protoplasmallani
protoplasmoillani
ablative
protoplasmaltani
protoplasmoiltani
allative
protoplasmalleni
protoplasmoilleni
essive
protoplasmanani
protoplasmoinani
translative
protoplasmakseni
protoplasmoikseni
abessive
protoplasmattani
protoplasmoittani
instructive
comitative
—protoplasmoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
protoplasmasi
protoplasmasi
accusative
nom.
protoplasmasi
protoplasmasi
gen.
protoplasmasi
genitive
protoplasmasi
protoplasmojesi protoplasmaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
protoplasmaasi
protoplasmojasi
inessive
protoplasmassasi
protoplasmoissasi
elative
protoplasmastasi
protoplasmoistasi
illative
protoplasmaasi
protoplasmoihisi
adessive
protoplasmallasi
protoplasmoillasi
ablative
protoplasmaltasi
protoplasmoiltasi
allative
protoplasmallesi
protoplasmoillesi
essive
protoplasmanasi
protoplasmoinasi
translative
protoplasmaksesi
protoplasmoiksesi
abessive
protoplasmattasi
protoplasmoittasi
instructive
comitative
—protoplasmoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
protoplasmamme
protoplasmamme
accusative
nom.
protoplasmamme
protoplasmamme
gen.
protoplasmamme
genitive
protoplasmamme
protoplasmojemme protoplasmaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
protoplasmaamme
protoplasmojamme
inessive
protoplasmassamme
protoplasmoissamme
elative
protoplasmastamme
protoplasmoistamme
illative
protoplasmaamme
protoplasmoihimme
adessive
protoplasmallamme
protoplasmoillamme
ablative
protoplasmaltamme
protoplasmoiltamme
allative
protoplasmallemme
protoplasmoillemme
essive
protoplasmanamme
protoplasmoinamme
translative
protoplasmaksemme
protoplasmoiksemme
abessive
protoplasmattamme
protoplasmoittamme
instructive
comitative
—protoplasmoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
protoplasmanne
protoplasmanne
accusative
nom.
protoplasmanne
protoplasmanne
gen.
protoplasmanne
genitive
protoplasmanne
protoplasmojenne protoplasmainne $^{rare}$
partitive
protoplasmaanne
protoplasmojanne
inessive
protoplasmassanne
protoplasmoissanne
elative
protoplasmastanne
protoplasmoistanne
illative
protoplasmaanne
protoplasmoihinne
adessive
protoplasmallanne
protoplasmoillanne
ablative
protoplasmaltanne
protoplasmoiltanne
allative
protoplasmallenne
protoplasmoillenne
essive
protoplasmananne
protoplasmoinanne
translative
protoplasmaksenne
protoplasmoiksenne
abessive
protoplasmattanne
protoplasmoittanne
instructive
comitative
—protoplasmoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
protoplasmansa
protoplasmansa
accusative
nom.
protoplasmansa
protoplasmansa
gen.
protoplasmansa
genitive
protoplasmansa
protoplasmojensa protoplasmainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
protoplasmaansa
protoplasmojaan protoplasmojansa
inessive
protoplasmassaan protoplasmassansa
protoplasmoissaan protoplasmoissansa
elative
protoplasmastaan protoplasmastansa
protoplasmoistaan protoplasmoistansa
illative
protoplasmaansa
protoplasmoihinsa
adessive
protoplasmallaan protoplasmallansa
protoplasmoillaan protoplasmoillansa
ablative
protoplasmaltaan protoplasmaltansa
protoplasmoiltaan protoplasmoiltansa
allative
protoplasmalleen protoplasmallensa
protoplasmoilleen protoplasmoillensa
essive
protoplasmanaan protoplasmanansa
protoplasmoinaan protoplasmoinansa
translative
protoplasmakseen protoplasmaksensa
protoplasmoikseen protoplasmoiksensa
abessive
protoplasmattaan protoplasmattansa
protoplasmoittaan protoplasmoittansa
instructive
comitative
—protoplasmoineen protoplasmoinensa :

#### Synonyms

* alkulima

### Further reading

* “protoplasma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch protoplasma (“protoplasm”), from German Protoplasma, coined by Czech physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně, from Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”) + πλάσμα (plásma, “something molded”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /protoˈplasma/ [pro.t̪oˈplas.ma]
* Rhymes: -asma
* Syllabification: pro‧to‧plas‧ma

### Noun

protoplasma (plural protoplasma-protoplasma)
* (cytology) protoplasm: the entire contents of a cell comprising the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is a semi-fluid, transparent substance which is the living matter of plant and animal cells.

### Further reading

* “protoplasma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
* Hadyana Pudjaatmaka, Susilowati (1987) Kamus Kimia: Biokimia [Dictionary of Chemistry: Biochemistry] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, page 177: “protoplasma”

## Italian
### Etymology

From proto- +‎ plasma.

### Noun

protoplasma m (plural protoplasmi)
* (cytology) protoplasm

#### Derived terms

* protoplasmatico

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˌpɾɔ.toˈplaz.mɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˌpɾɔ.toˈplaz.mɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˌpɾɔ.toˈplaʒ.mɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˌpɾɔ.toˈplaz.ma/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˌpɾɔ.tɔˈplaʒ.mɐ/
* Hyphenation: pro‧to‧plas‧ma

### Noun

protoplasma m (plural protoplasmas)
* (cytology) protoplasm (contents of a cell)

## Spanish
### Noun

protoplasma m (plural protoplasmas)
* (cytology) protoplasm

#### Derived terms

* protoplasmático

### Further reading

* “protoplasma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10