# 成語
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chéngyǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄩˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sing$^4$ jyu$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): sen$^3$ ngui$^{4*}$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sàng-ngî
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sia$^2$ gy$^3$ / siaⁿ$^2$ gy$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sêng-gú / sêng-gír / sêng-gí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng$^5$ ghe$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zen-gniu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéngyǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéngyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$-yü$^3$
*** Yale: chéng-yǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngyeu
*** Palladius: чэнъюй (čɛnʺjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéngyǔr
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄩˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéngyǔr
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$-yü$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: chéng-yǔr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngyeuel
*** Palladius: чэнъюйр (čɛnʺjujr)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ yə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^4$ jyu$^5$
*** Yale: sìhng yúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^4$ jy$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^4$ yu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ²¹ jyː¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: sen$^3$ ngui$^{4*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /sen²² ᵑɡui²¹⁻²¹⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sàng-ngî
*** Hakka Romanization System: sang$^ˇ$ ngi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sang$^2$ ngi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /saŋ¹¹ ŋi²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sia$^2$ gy$^3$ [Phonetic: sia$^5$ y$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬia¹³⁻²¹ $^{(k-)}$y⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: siaⁿ$^2$ gy$^3$ [Phonetic: siaⁿ$^5$ y$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬĩã¹³⁻²¹ $^{(k-)}$y³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-gú
*** Tâi-lô: sîng-gú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sengguo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-gír
*** Tâi-lô: sîng-gír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-gí
*** Tâi-lô: sîng-gí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: senggie
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ¹³⁻²² ɡi⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sêng$^5$ ghe$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng gṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡɯ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen-gniu
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$ nyu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen-nyy
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²² n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

### Noun

成語
* chengyu (a certain kind of Chinese set phrase originating in Classical Chinese, typically four or five characters in length) (Classifier: 句; 個／个; 條／条; 本)
       Wǒ zuì xǐhuān de chéngyǔ shì “huàshétiānzú”. [Pinyin]
       My favourite chengyu is "huàshétiānzú".
* (proscribed) any idiomatic expression or set phrase (Classifier: 句; 個／个; 條／条; 本)

#### Usage notes

* Although often translated as idiom, in fact 成語／成语 (chéngyǔ) refers to a specific kind of idiomatic expression in Chinese (see Chengyu). Other kinds of idioms include 俗語／俗语 (súyǔ), 諺語／谚语 (yànyǔ) and 歇後語／歇后语 (xiēhòuyǔ). The specific word for idiom or idiomatic expression in Chinese is 習慣用語／习惯用语 (xíguàn yòngyǔ) or 習語／习语 (xíyǔ).

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 成(せい)語(ご) (seigo)
* → Korean: 성어(成語) (seong'eo)
* → Vietnamese: thành ngữ (成語)
Others:
* → English: chengyu
* → French: chengyu
* → German: Chengyu
* → Russian: чэнъю́й (čɛnʺjúj)
* → Spanish: chengyu

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 成 | 語 |
| せい Grade: 4 | ご Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

成(せい)語(ご) • (seigo)
* set phrase

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 成 | 語 |

### Noun

成語 • (seong'eo) (hangeul 성어)
* hanja form of 성어 (“set phrase”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 成 | 語 |

### Noun

成語
* chữ Hán form of thành ngữ (“idiom”).