# intelligentsia
## English
### Etymology

From Russian интеллиге́нция (intelligéncija) or Polish inteligencja, from Latin intellegentia (“intelligence”). Doublet of intelligence.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɪntɛlɪˈd͡ʒɛntsɪə/
* (General American) IPA: /ɪntɛləˈd͡ʒɛn(t)si.ə/, /ɪntɛləˈɡɛn(t)si.ə/
* (Received Pronunciation, dated) IPA: /ɪntɛlɪˈɡɛntsɪə/

### Noun

intelligentsia (countable and uncountable, plural intelligentsias)
* (politics) The intellectual elite of a society, particularly in Marxist doctrine.
** 1967 [1899], Vladimir Lenin, “Попятное направление в русской социал-демократии”, in Ленин В. И. ― Полное собрание сочинений, volume 4, page 269; English translation from “A Retrograde Trend in Russian Social-Democracy”, in Lenin's Collected Works, volume 4, translation of original in Russian, 1977, pages 280-281:[…] real heroes are coming to the fore from amongst the workers, who, despite their wretched living conditions, despite the stultifying penal servitude of factory labour, possess so much character and will-power that they study, study, study, and turn themselves into conscious Social-Democrats — "the working-class intelligentsia." This "working-class intelligentsia" already exists in Russia, and we must make every effort to ensure that its ranks are regularly reinforced, that its lofty mental requirements are met and that leaders of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party come from its ranks.[original: […] среди рабочих растет страстное стремление к знанию и к социализму, среди рабочих выделяются настоящие герои, которые — несмотря на безобразную обстановку своей жизни, несмотря на оту¬ пляющую каторжную работу на фабрике, — находят в себе столько характера и силы воли, чтобы учиться, учиться и учиться и вырабатывать из себя сознательных социалдемократов, «рабочую интеллигенцию». В России уже есть эта «рабочая интеллигенция», и мы должны приложить все усилия к тому, чтобы ее ряды постоянно расширялись, чтобы ее высокие умственные запросы вполне удовлетворялись, чтобы из ее ря¬ дов выходили руководители русской социал-демократической рабочей партии.][…] sredi rabočix rastet strastnoje stremlenije k znaniju i k socializmu, sredi rabočix vydeljajutsja nastojaščije geroi, kotoryje — nesmotrja na bezobraznuju obstanovku svojej žizni, nesmotrja na otu¬ pljajuščuju katoržnuju rabotu na fabrike, — naxodjat v sebe stolʹko xaraktera i sily voli, štoby učitʹsja, učitʹsja i učitʹsja i vyrabatyvatʹ iz sebja soznatelʹnyx socialdemokratov, «rabočuju intelligenciju». V Rossii uže jestʹ eta «rabočaja intelligencija», i my dolžny priložitʹ vse usilija k tomu, štoby jeje rjady postojanno rasširjalisʹ, štoby jeje vysokije umstvennyje zaprosy vpolne udovletvorjalisʹ, štoby iz jeje rja¬ dov vyxodili rukovoditeli russkoj social-demokratičeskoj rabočej partii.
** 1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn:It should be noted that there is now no intelligentsia that is not in some sense "Left". Perhaps the last right-wing intellectual was T. E. Lawrence. Since about 1930 everyone describable as an “intellectual” has lived in a state of chronic discontent with the existing order.

#### Related terms

* unintelligentsia

#### References

* ↑ “intelligentsia”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* ↑ Oxford English Dictionary (2007)

## Danish
### Etymology

From Russian интеллиге́нция (intelligéncija), from Italian intellighenzia, from Latin intelligentia.

### Noun

intelligentsia c (singular definite intelligentsiaen, plural indefinite intelligentsiaer)
* intelligentsia

#### Synonyms

* intelligens c

## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian интеллиге́нция (intelligéncija), from Italian intellighenzia, from Latin intelligentia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈintelːiɡentsiɑ/, [ˈin̪t̪e̞lːiˌɡe̞n.ts̠iɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -en.tsiɑ
* Hyphenation: in‧tel‧li‧gent‧sia

### Noun

intelligentsia
* intelligentsia

#### Declension

Possessive forms of intelligentsia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
intelligentsiani
intelligentsiani
accusative
nom.
intelligentsiani
intelligentsiani
gen.
intelligentsiani
genitive
intelligentsiani
intelligentsioideni intelligentsioitteni intelligentsiaini $^{rare}$
partitive
intelligentsiaani
intelligentsioitani
inessive
intelligentsiassani
intelligentsioissani
elative
intelligentsiastani
intelligentsioistani
illative
intelligentsiaani
intelligentsioihini
adessive
intelligentsiallani
intelligentsioillani
ablative
intelligentsialtani
intelligentsioiltani
allative
intelligentsialleni
intelligentsioilleni
essive
intelligentsianani
intelligentsioinani
translative
intelligentsiakseni
intelligentsioikseni
abessive
intelligentsiattani
intelligentsioittani
instructive
comitative
—intelligentsioineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
intelligentsiasi
intelligentsiasi
accusative
nom.
intelligentsiasi
intelligentsiasi
gen.
intelligentsiasi
genitive
intelligentsiasi
intelligentsioidesi intelligentsioittesi intelligentsiaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
intelligentsiaasi
intelligentsioitasi
inessive
intelligentsiassasi
intelligentsioissasi
elative
intelligentsiastasi
intelligentsioistasi
illative
intelligentsiaasi
intelligentsioihisi
adessive
intelligentsiallasi
intelligentsioillasi
ablative
intelligentsialtasi
intelligentsioiltasi
allative
intelligentsiallesi
intelligentsioillesi
essive
intelligentsianasi
intelligentsioinasi
translative
intelligentsiaksesi
intelligentsioiksesi
abessive
intelligentsiattasi
intelligentsioittasi
instructive
comitative
—intelligentsioinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
intelligentsiamme
intelligentsiamme
accusative
nom.
intelligentsiamme
intelligentsiamme
gen.
intelligentsiamme
genitive
intelligentsiamme
intelligentsioidemme intelligentsioittemme intelligentsiaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
intelligentsiaamme
intelligentsioitamme
inessive
intelligentsiassamme
intelligentsioissamme
elative
intelligentsiastamme
intelligentsioistamme
illative
intelligentsiaamme
intelligentsioihimme
adessive
intelligentsiallamme
intelligentsioillamme
ablative
intelligentsialtamme
intelligentsioiltamme
allative
intelligentsiallemme
intelligentsioillemme
essive
intelligentsianamme
intelligentsioinamme
translative
intelligentsiaksemme
intelligentsioiksemme
abessive
intelligentsiattamme
intelligentsioittamme
instructive
comitative
—intelligentsioinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
intelligentsianne
intelligentsianne
accusative
nom.
intelligentsianne
intelligentsianne
gen.
intelligentsianne
genitive
intelligentsianne
intelligentsioidenne intelligentsioittenne intelligentsiainne $^{rare}$
partitive
intelligentsiaanne
intelligentsioitanne
inessive
intelligentsiassanne
intelligentsioissanne
elative
intelligentsiastanne
intelligentsioistanne
illative
intelligentsiaanne
intelligentsioihinne
adessive
intelligentsiallanne
intelligentsioillanne
ablative
intelligentsialtanne
intelligentsioiltanne
allative
intelligentsiallenne
intelligentsioillenne
essive
intelligentsiananne
intelligentsioinanne
translative
intelligentsiaksenne
intelligentsioiksenne
abessive
intelligentsiattanne
intelligentsioittanne
instructive
comitative
—intelligentsioinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
intelligentsiansa
intelligentsiansa
accusative
nom.
intelligentsiansa
intelligentsiansa
gen.
intelligentsiansa
genitive
intelligentsiansa
intelligentsioidensa intelligentsioittensa intelligentsiainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
intelligentsiaansa
intelligentsioitaan intelligentsioitansa
inessive
intelligentsiassaan intelligentsiassansa
intelligentsioissaan intelligentsioissansa
elative
intelligentsiastaan intelligentsiastansa
intelligentsioistaan intelligentsioistansa
illative
intelligentsiaansa
intelligentsioihinsa
adessive
intelligentsiallaan intelligentsiallansa
intelligentsioillaan intelligentsioillansa
ablative
intelligentsialtaan intelligentsialtansa
intelligentsioiltaan intelligentsioiltansa
allative
intelligentsialleen intelligentsiallensa
intelligentsioilleen intelligentsioillensa
essive
intelligentsianaan intelligentsianansa
intelligentsioinaan intelligentsioinansa
translative
intelligentsiakseen intelligentsiaksensa
intelligentsioikseen intelligentsioiksensa
abessive
intelligentsiattaan intelligentsiattansa
intelligentsioittaan intelligentsioittansa
instructive
comitative
—intelligentsioineen intelligentsioinensa :

#### Synonyms

* älymystö (intellectuals as a group)
* (in East Europe): intelligentsija

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /in.te.li.ʒɛnt.sja/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

intelligentsia f (plural intelligentsias)
* intelligentsia

### Further reading

* “intelligentsia”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian интеллиге́нция (intelligéncija), from Latin intellegentia (“intelligence”). Doublet of inteligência.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽt.si.ɐ/ [ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽt.sɪ.ɐ], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽt.sjɐ/, /ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽt.si.ɐ/ [ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽt.sɪ.ɐ], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽt.sjɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽt.si.ɐ/ [ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽt.sɪ.ɐ], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽt.sjɐ/, /ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽt.si.ɐ/ [ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽt.sɪ.ɐ], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽt.sjɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽt.si.a/ [ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽt.sɪ.a], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽt.sja/, /ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽt.si.a/ [ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽt.sɪ.a], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽt.sja/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽ.tsjɐ/ [ĩ.tɛ.liˈɣẽ.tsjɐ], /ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽ.tsjɐ/

### Noun

intelligentsia f (plural intelligentsias)
* (politics) intelligentsia (the intellectual elite of a society, particularly in Marxist doctrine)

### Further reading

* “intelligentsia”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
* “intelligentsia”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

## Swedish
### Alternative forms

* intelligentia

### Etymology

From Russian интеллиге́нция (intelligéncija), from Latin intellegentia (“intelligence”).

### Noun

intelligentsia c
* intelligentsia

#### Declension
### References

* intelligentsia in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)