# tóg
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* tóig (Cois Fharraige)

### Etymology

Back-formation from tógáil, from Middle Irish tócbáil, verbal noun of do·fócaib (“lifts up, raises”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪ˠoːɡ/

### Verb

tóg (present analytic tógann, future analytic tógfaidh, verbal noun tógáil, past participle tógtha)
* to raise, lift, hoist, elevate, [put up]]
** 1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 194:Fe dheire do bhí ar an gcaptaen a sheólta a thógaint suas agus dul go dtí dúthaigh éigin ag triall ar lasc [sic; lasta] eile.Finally the captain had to hoist his sails and go to some country for another cargo.
* to erect, build
* to rear, bring up
    gamhain a thógáil ― to rear a calf
    Rugadh agus tógadh i mBaile Átha Cliath é.He was born and raised in Dublin.
* to seize (take possession of by force, law etc.)
* to take (a picture)
    Synonym: glac
    Thóg sé grianghraf.He took a photograph.

#### Inflection

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | tógaim | tógann tú; tógair$^†$ | tógann sé, sí | tógaimid | tógann sibh | tógann siad; tógaid$^†$ | a thógann; a thógas / a dtógann* | tógtar |
| indicative | past | thóg mé; thógas | thóg tú; thógais | thóg sé, sí | thógamar; thóg muid | thóg sibh; thógabhair | thóg siad; thógadar | a thóg / ar thóg* | tógadh |
| indicative | past habitual | thógainn / dtógainn‡‡ | thógtá / dtógtá‡‡ | thógadh sé, sí / dtógadh sé, sí‡‡ | thógaimis; thógadh muid / dtógaimis‡‡; dtógadh muid‡‡ | thógadh sibh / dtógadh sibh‡‡ | thógaidís; thógadh siad / dtógaidís‡‡; dtógadh siad‡‡ | a thógadh / a dtógadh* | thógtaí / dtógtaí‡‡ |
| future | future | tógfaidh mé; tógfad | tógfaidh tú; tógfair$^†$ | tógfaidh sé, sí | tógfaimid; tógfaidh muid | tógfaidh sibh | tógfaidh siad; tógfaid$^†$ | a thógfaidh; a thógfas / a dtógfaidh* | tógfar |
| conditional | conditional | thógfainn / dtógfainn‡‡ | thógfá / dtógfá‡‡ | thógfadh sé, sí / dtógfadh sé, sí‡‡ | thógfaimis; thógfadh muid / dtógfaimis‡‡; dtógfadh muid‡‡ | thógfadh sibh / dtógfadh sibh‡‡ | thógfaidís; thógfadh siad / dtógfaidís‡‡; dtógfadh siad‡‡ | a thógfadh / a dtógfadh* | thógfaí / dtógfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go dtóga mé; go dtógad$^†$ | go dtóga tú; go dtógair$^†$ | go dtóga sé, sí | go dtógaimid; go dtóga muid | go dtóga sibh | go dtóga siad; go dtógaid$^†$ | — | go dtógtar |
| subjunctive | past | dá dtógainn | dá dtógtá | dá dtógadh sé, sí | dá dtógaimis; dá dtógadh muid | dá dtógadh sibh | dá dtógaidís; dá dtógadh siad | — | dá dtógtaí |
| imperative | imperative | tógaim | tóg | tógadh sé, sí | tógaimis | tógaigí; tógaidh$^†$ | tógaidís | — | tógtar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | tógáil | tógáil | tógáil | tógáil | tógáil | tógáil | tógáil | tógáil |
| past participle | past participle | tógtha | tógtha | tógtha | tógtha | tógtha | tógtha | tógtha | tógtha |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
* Alternative verbal noun: tógaint (Munster)
* There also exist archaic spellings with bh before vowel-initial endings, e.g. first-person singular tógbhaim, verbal noun tógbháil.

#### Derived terms

* atóg
* tóg ar
* tóg as
* tóg chuig
* tóg de
* tóg do
* tóg i
* tóg isteach
* tóg le
* tóg ó
* tóg suas

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tócbáil”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “do·fócaib”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “tógaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 739
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “tóg”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “tóg”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “tóg”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
* “tóg”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtuk/
* Rhymes: -uk
* Syllabification: tóg
* Homophone: tuk

### Noun

tóg f
* genitive plural of toga