# 禦

| 禦 | U+79A6, &#31142; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79A6 |
| ← 禥 [U+79A5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 禧 → [U+79A7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

禦 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹中一一火 (HLMMF), four-corner 2790$_1$, composition ⿱御示)

#### Derived characters

* 𨯣, 蘌, 籞

#### Related characters

* 御 (Simplified form of 禦 in mainland China)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 846, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24820
* Dae Jaweon: page 1267, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2408, character 3
* Unihan data for U+79A6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 禦 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 卸 | *sŋjaːs |
| 汻 | *hŋaːŋʔ |
| 滸 | *hŋaːʔ |
| 午 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 仵 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 旿 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 忤 | *ŋaːs |
| 迕 | *ŋaːs |
| 杵 | *ŋ̊ʰjaʔ |
| 籞 | *ŋaʔ |
| 蘌 | *ŋaʔ |
| 篽 | *ŋaʔ |
| 禦 | *ŋaʔ, *ŋas |
| 許 | *hŋaʔ |
| 御 | *ŋas |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas) : phonetic 御 (OC *ŋas) + semantic 示.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngi
    (Hailu, HRS): ngi$^˖$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngṳ̄
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gīr / gū / gī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ghe$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^6$
*** Yale: yuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngi
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngi$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋy³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gy$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ky²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gīr
*** Tâi-lô: gīr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɯ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gū
*** Tâi-lô: gū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡu²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡu³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gī
*** Tâi-lô: gī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gi
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡi³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ghe$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /ɡɯ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: ngjoX
Rime :
| Character | 禦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 魚巨切 |
| Baxter | ngjoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-qʰ(r)aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaʔ/, /*ŋas/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 禦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-qʰ(r)aʔ/ |
| English | ward off, withstand; sacrifice |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 禦 | 禦 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13178 | 13179 |
| Phonetic component | 午 | 午 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 語 | |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋaʔ/ | /*ŋas/ |

### Definitions

禦
* to defend, to resist, to hold out against
    防禦／防御 ― fángyù ― to defend against
    抵禦／抵御 ― dǐyù ― to resist
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Bǎo mín ér wàng, mò zhī néng yù yě. [Pinyin]
    The love and protection of the people; with this there is no power which can prevent a ruler from attaining to it.

### Compounds

* 不憚強禦 / 不惮强御
* 不畏強禦 / 不畏强御
* 不畏彊禦 / 不畏强御
* 不避彊禦 / 不避强御
* 備禦 / 备御 (bèiyù)
* 共禦外侮 / 共御外侮
* 守禦 / 守御 (shǒuyù)
* 彊禦 / 强御
* 折衝禦侮 / 折冲御侮
* 抵禦 / 抵御 (dǐyù)
* 捍禦 / 捍御 (hànyù)
* 擋禦 / 挡御
* 禦侮 / 御侮 (yùwǔ)
* 禦寇 / 御寇
* 禦寒 / 御寒 (yùhán)
* 禦敵 / 御敌 (yùdí)
* 防禦 / 防御 (fángyù)
* 防禦戰 / 防御战 (fángyùzhàn)

### References

* “禦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ご (go)
* Kan-on: ぎょ (gyo)
* Kun: ふせぐ (fusegu, 禦ぐ)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ʌ̹]
* Phonetic hangul: [어]

### Hanja

Wikisource 禦 (eum 어 (eo))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

禦: Hán Nôm readings: ngữ, ngừa, ngự
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.