OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Schinken
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German schinke, from Old High German scinco, from Proto-West Germanic *skinkō, from Proto-Germanic *skinkô, *skinkō (“shank; thigh”). In the sense “tome” originally student slang (18th c.), from the use of pigskin leather to bind such books.
Related to German Low German Schinken (also: skinken, sschinken (Westphalian; linguistic spelling; accusative)) Middle Dutch schenke (“shin, hough, ham”), Middle English schench (“thigh; leg”), dialectal English skink (“a shin of beef”), also English shank (“lower part of the leg”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃɪŋkən/, [ˈʃɪŋkŋ̩]
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Schin‧ken

### Noun

Schinken m (strong, genitive Schinkens, plural Schinken)
* ham, pork from the hindquarter
** 1803, Neues Kochbuch für bürgerliche Haushaltungen, oder Anweisung zur Zubereitung einer gesunden und schmackhaften Hausmannskost, [...], Coburg, page 62:Einen Schinken gut zu backen. […] wällt ihn nach der Form des Schinken aus, […] Wenn der der Schinken abgetrocknet ist, […](please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (colloquial) hams, buttocks
    Synonym: Oberschenkel
* (colloquial, often derogatory) old tome or painting
    Ölschinken ― (large) oil painting

#### Derived terms

* Lachsschinken
* Ölschinken

#### Descendants

* → Bulgarian: шунка (šunka)
* → Czech: šunka
* → Esperanto: ŝinko
* → Estonian: sink
* → Hungarian: sonka
* → Latvian: šķiņķis
* → Macedonian: шунка (šunka)
* → Polish: szynka
* → Romanian: șuncă
* → Russian: шинка (šinka) (regional)
* → Serbo-Croatian: šunka / шунка
* → Slovak: šunka
* → Slovene: šunka
* → Ukrainian: шинка (šynka)
* → Yiddish: שינקע (shinke) (via a Slavic borrowing)

### Further reading

* “Schinken” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Schinken” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “Schinken” in Duden online
* “Schinken” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
* Schinken on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$
* Friedrich Kluge (1883) “Schinken”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
# 樂昌
## Chinese

* 樂昌

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Lèchāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄜˋ ㄔㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lok$^6$ coeng$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Lèchāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄜˋ ㄔㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Lèchang
*** Wade–Giles: Lê$^4$-chʻang$^1$
*** Yale: Lè-chāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Lehchang
*** Palladius: Лэчан (Lɛčan)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lok$^6$ coeng$^1$
*** Yale: lohk chēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lok$^9$ tsoeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: log$^6$ cêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːk̚² t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

樂昌
* (～市) Lechang (a county-level city in Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)
# drives it down
## English
### Verb

drives it down
* third-person singular simple present indicative of drive it down
# 毛斯綸
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 毛 | 斯 | 綸 |
| Grade: 2 | Jinmeiyō | Jinmeiyō |
| irregular |||
For pronunciation and definitions of 毛斯綸 – see the following entry. :
| 【モスリン】 | [noun] muslin |
(This term, 毛斯綸, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# γλυκείᾳ
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡly.kěː.aːi̯/ → /ɣlyˈci.a/ → /ɣliˈci.a/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɡly.kěː.aːi̯/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ɡlyˈki.a/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ɣlyˈci.a/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ɣlyˈci.a/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ɣliˈci.a/

### Adjective

γλῠκείᾳ • (glukeíāi)
* feminine dative singular of γλῠκῠ́ς (glukús)
# Tagkawayan
## English
### Proper noun

Tagkawayan
* A municipality of the province of Quezon, Philippines.
    Coordinate terms: Agdangan, Alabat, Atimonan, Buenavista, Burdeos, Calauag, Candelaria, Catanauan, Dolores, General Luna, General Nakar, Guinayangan, Gumaca, Infanta, Jomalig, Lopez, Lucban, Macalelon, Mauban, Mulanay, Padre Burgos, Pagbilao, Panukulan, Patnanungan, Perez, Pitogo, Plaridel, Polillo, Quezon, Real, Sampaloc, San Andres, San Antonio, San Francisco, San Narciso, Sariaya, Tagkawayan, Tayabas, Tiaong, Unisan — city and municipalities of Quezon
# banalisoida
## Finnish
### Etymology

French banaliser +‎ -oida

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɑnɑlisoi̯dɑˣ/, [ˈbɑ̝nɑ̝ˌlis̠o̞i̯dɑ̝(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -oidɑ
* Hyphenation: ba‧na‧li‧soi‧da

### Verb

banalisoida
* (transitive) To banalize.

#### Synonyms

* banaalistaa

#### Derived terms

* banalisointi
* banalisoitua

### Further reading

* “banalisoida”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
# þungara
## Old Norse
### Adjective

þungara
* inflection of þungr:
** comparative degree masculine oblique singular
** comparative degree neuter singular
# fùter
## Kashubian
### Alternative forms

* fùder

### Etymology

Borrowed from German Futter. Compare dialectal Greater Polish futer and Silesian futer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfwu.tɛr/
* Rhymes: -utɛr
* Syllabification: fù‧ter

### Noun

fùter m inan
* fodder
    Synonym: kôrma

#### Derived terms

* fùtrowi
* fùtrowac
* nafùtrowac
* fùtrownik

### Further reading

* Sychta, Bernard (1967) “futer”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 289
* Jan Trepczyk (1994) “karma”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “pasza”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
* “fùter”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
# midans
## English
### Noun

midans
* plural of midan
# drives something down
## English
### Verb

drives something down
* third-person singular simple present indicative of drive something down
# kanák
## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from kanak?”)

### Pronunciation

* (Masovia):
** (Near Masovian) IPA: /ˈka.nɒk/

### Noun

kanák m pers
* (Near Masovian) Synonym of ulubieniec
    O to matczyn kanák. (Warka) ― Oh, that's momma's favorite.

### Further reading

* Władysław Matlakowski (1892) “kanák”, in Słownik wyrazów ludowych zebranych w Czerskiem i na Kujawach (in Polish), Kraków: nakł. Akademii Umiejętności; Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego pod zarządem A. M. Kosterkiewicza, page 8
# get blood out of a turnip
## English
### Verb

get blood out of a turnip (third-person singular simple present gets blood from a turnip, present participle getting blood from a turnip, simple past got blood from a turnip, past participle (UK) got blood from a turnip or (US) gotten blood from a turnip)
* Synonym of get blood out of a stone
# Calauag
## English
### Proper noun

Calauag
* A municipality of the province of Quezon, Philippines.
    Coordinate terms: Agdangan, Alabat, Atimonan, Buenavista, Burdeos, Calauag, Candelaria, Catanauan, Dolores, General Luna, General Nakar, Guinayangan, Gumaca, Infanta, Jomalig, Lopez, Lucban, Macalelon, Mauban, Mulanay, Padre Burgos, Pagbilao, Panukulan, Patnanungan, Perez, Pitogo, Plaridel, Polillo, Quezon, Real, Sampaloc, San Andres, San Antonio, San Francisco, San Narciso, Sariaya, Tagkawayan, Tayabas, Tiaong, Unisan — city and municipalities of Quezon

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /kaˈlawaɡ/ [kɐˈlaː.wɐɡ̚]
* Rhymes: -awaɡ
* Syllabification: Ca‧la‧uag

### Proper noun

Calauag (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜏᜄ᜔)
* Calauag (a municipality of Quezon, Philippines)
# eimbað
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From eimur +‎ bað.

### Noun

eimbað n (genitive singular eimbaðs, nominative plural eimböð)
* steam bath, sauna

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “eimbað” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)
# nahodas
## English
### Noun

nahodas
* plural of nahoda
# meddles nor makes
## English
### Verb

meddles nor makes
* third-person singular simple present indicative of meddle nor make
# junction table
## English
### Noun

junction table (plural junction tables)
* (databases) A table whose rows represent connections between items in other tables.
    The EmployeeCategory table is a junction table associating each employee with zero or more categories.
# anticarcinogenicity
## English
### Noun

anticarcinogenicity (uncountable)
* The condition of being anticarcinogenic.
# framtak
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From taka fram.

### Noun

framtak n (genitive singular framtaks, no plural)
* initiative

#### Derived terms

* framtakssamur

### Further reading

* “framtak” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)
# trikowy
## Polish
### Etymology

From trik +‎ -owy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /triˈkɔ.vɘ/
* Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
* Syllabification: tri‧ko‧wy

### Adjective

trikowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational) trick

#### Related terms

* trik

### Further reading

* trikowy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# balladysta
## Polish
### Etymology

From ballada +‎ -ysta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bal.laˈdɘs.ta/
* Rhymes: -ɘsta
* Syllabification: bal‧la‧dys‧ta

### Noun

balladysta m pers (female equivalent balladystka)
* (music, poetry) Alternative form of balladzista

#### Related terms

* balladowy
* balladyczny
* balladowo
* ballada
* balladka
* balladomania
* balladowość
* balladyczność
* balladować

### Further reading

* balladysta in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# meddles or makes
## English
### Verb

meddles or makes
* third-person singular simple present indicative of meddle or make
# mandrillen
## Dutch
### Noun

mandrillen
* plural of mandril
# SNB
## English
### Proper noun

SNB
* (sports) Abbreviation of Saint John, New Brunswick.
* (banking) Abbreviation of Swiss National Bank.

#### See also

* SJ (Saint John / St. John's)
* SNL (St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador)

### Anagrams

* BNS, BSN, NBs

## Czech
### Proper noun

SNB m inan
* Sbor národní bezpečnosti: the police force of the socialist Czechoslovakia

#### Declension

This proper noun needs an inflection-table template.
# qachel
## English
### Noun

qachel (plural qachels)
* A small gong or bell used as a liturgical accompaniment in Ethiopian places of worship.
** 1994, Kay Kaufman Shelemay, A Song of Longing: An Ethiopian Journey, University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 74:Priest Ya’qob held a small metal gong called the qachel in one hand and the small metal stick with which it was struck in the other.
** 2013, Tudor Parfitt, Emanuela Trevisan Semi, editors, The Jews of Ethiopia: The Birth of an Elite, Routledge, page ??:The non-Jewish Ethiopian qachel differs from Beta Israel instruments. It is a small bell used for both religious and secular music of the orthodox Ethiopian Christian.
** 2016, Joseph P. Swain, Historical Dictionary of Sacred Music, 2nd edition, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 293:The melodies may be pentatonic or based on intervals of a third, and may be accompanied by a small drum called nagarīt and a gong called qachel.
# hubbub
## English
### Alternative forms

* whobub (obsolete)

### Etymology

Mid 16th c. Perhaps from Irish; compare Irish ababú!, abú! (battle-cry), Scottish Gaelic ub! ub! (expressing contempt, etc.), ubh ubh! (expressing disgust).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhʌbʌb/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

hubbub (plural hubbubs)
* A confused uproar, commotion, tumult or racket.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:commotion
** 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:At length a universal hubbub wild Of stunning sounds and voices all confused, Borne through the hollow dark, assaults his ear With loudest vehemence.
** 1943 October 30, Falling Hare, spoken by Bugs Bunny:What's all the hubbub, bub?

#### Translations
### Verb

hubbub (third-person singular simple present hubbubs, present participle hubbubing or hubbubbing, simple past and past participle hubbubed or hubbubbed)
* (rare, intransitive) To cause a tumult or racket.
** 2016, Daniel Gray, Saturday, 3pm: 50 Eternal Delights of Modern Football:It becomes a grotto, hubbubbing with more noise than any class on a school visit could make, the air mobbed by breathless chatter about life and the transfer window.
# audytowy
## Polish
### Etymology

From audyt +‎ -owy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aw.dɘˈtɔ.vɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
* Syllabification: au‧dy‧to‧wy

### Adjective

audytowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (relational) audit

#### Related terms

* audytorski
* audyt
* audytor
* audytorka

### Further reading

* audytowy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# umrenningur
## Icelandic
### Noun

umrenningur m (genitive singular umrennings, nominative plural umrenningar)
* vagabond, wanderer, vagrant
    Synonyms: flakkari, flækingur, (collective) förufólk

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “umrenningur” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)
# fliza
## Kashubian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Fliese.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfli.za/
* Rhymes: -iza
* Syllabification: fli‧za

### Noun

fliza f
* tile (for floors and walls)
    Synonyms: kachla, płitka, kachel

### Further reading

* Jan Trepczyk (1994) “płyta”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “płyta”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Fliese. Doublet of fliz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfli.za/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iza
* Syllabification: fli‧za

### Noun

fliza f (related adjective flizowy)
* (Kraków, chiefly in the plural) tile (slabs of stone, terracotta, glass, faience, etc., used for lining walls and floors; often decorated with engraved, imprinted or painted decoration, with ornamental or figural motifs)
    Synonym: fliz
    Hypernym: płytka
* (dated) flat stone or concrete slab placed on some surface for spreading ink
    Synonym: fliz

#### Derived terms

* fliziarka
* fliziarz
* flizować impf

#### Related terms

* fliz

### Further reading

* fliza in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* fliza in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* flizy in PWN's encyclopedia
# programmeringsspråket
## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

programmeringsspråket n
* definite singular of programmeringsspråk

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

programmeringsspråket n
* definite singular of programmeringsspråk

## Swedish
### Noun

programmeringsspråket
* definite singular of programmeringsspråk
# Penajam
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Buginese pajan (“to stop”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəˈnadʒam/

### Proper noun

Penajam
* Penajam (a town, a district, the capital of Penajam North Paser Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)

### References

* ↑ Jejak Budaya Penajam Paser Utara dalam Cerita Asal Usulnya
# Hingham
## English
### Proper noun

Hingham
* A market town and civil parish with a town council in South Norfolk district, Norfolk, England (OS grid ref TG0202).
* A place in the United States:
** A town and census-designated place therein, in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, named after Hingham, Norfolk.
** A small town in Hill County, Montana.
** A census-designated place in the town of Lima, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, named after Hingham, Mass.

### References

* ↑ Parish Map (Norfolk)

### Anagrams

* Highnam, highman
# 詈罵
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lìmà
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ ㄇㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lei$^6$ maa$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): lié-má
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): le$^3$ mor$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lóe-mē / lóe-mā
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lìmà
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ ㄇㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lìmà
*** Wade–Giles: li$^4$-ma$^4$
*** Yale: lì-mà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lihmah
*** Palladius: лима (lima)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹⁻⁵³ mä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lei$^6$ maa$^6$
*** Yale: leih mah
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lei$^6$ maa$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: léi$^6$ ma$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lei̯²² maː²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lié-má
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ie²¹³⁻⁵³ mɑ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: le$^3$ mor$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /le⁴⁵³ mɒ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: le$^3$ mor$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /le³³² mɒ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lóe-mē
*** Tâi-lô: lué-mē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: loefme
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mẽ²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lóe-mā
*** Tâi-lô: lué-mā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: loefma
*** IPA (Taipei): /lue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lue⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mã⁴¹/

### Verb

詈罵
* to scold; to shout curses; to hurl abuses

#### Synonyms

* 叫罵 / 叫骂 (jiàomà)
* 咒罵 / 咒骂 (zhòumà)
* 咒詛 / 咒诅 (zhòuzǔ)
* 罵人 / 骂人 (màrén)
* 罵娘 / 骂娘 (màniáng)
* 罵山門 / 骂山门 (Wu)
* 詛咒 / 诅咒 (zǔzhòu)
* 謾罵 / 谩骂 (mànmà)

### References

* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “詈罵”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “詈骂”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 352.
# karókí
## Icelandic
### Noun

karókí n (genitive singular karókís, nominative plural karókí)
* karaoke

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “karókí” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)
# roszować
## Polish
### Etymology

Adapted borrowing of German rochieren +‎ -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɔˈʂɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: ro‧szo‧wać

### Verb

roszować impf (perfective zroszować)
* (intransitive, chess) to castle (to perform a castle in chess)

#### Related terms

* roszada

### Further reading

* roszować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# hocys y morfa
## Welsh
### Alternative forms

hocys morfa

### Noun

hocys y morfa f (collective, singulative hocysen y morfa, not mutable)
* marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis)

#### Synonyms

* dail yr hocys
* hocys y dŵr
* hocys y gors
* malw'r hêl
* môr-hocys

#### Derived terms

* hocys-y-morfa blewog (“rough marsh-mallow”)

### References

* ↑ Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd (2003) Planhigion Blodeuol, Conwydd a Rhedyn [Flowering Plants, Conifers and Ferns] (Cyfres Enwau Creaduriaid a Planhigion; 2)‎ (in Welsh), Llanrwst: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, →ISBN, page 20‎
* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “hocys”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# pronomena
## Latvian
### Noun

pronomena m
* genitive singular of pronomens

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* pronomenene

### Noun

pronomena n
* definite plural of pronomen

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

pronomena n
* definite plural of pronomen
# utreseförbudet
## Swedish
### Noun

utreseförbudet
* definite singular of utreseförbud
# fogal
## Old Dutch
### Alternative forms

* vogal

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *fugl, from Proto-Germanic *fuglaz.

### Noun

fogal m
* bird
    Thie fogal ne is hiera. Thie is bi themo thorpe.The bird is not here. It (literally "he") is in the town.
** Hebban olla vogala nestas hagunnanAll birds have started to build their nests

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: vōgel
** Dutch: vogel, veugel (obsolete), fogel
*** Afrikaans: voël
**** → English: voël
*** Jersey Dutch: fœüxel
*** Negerhollands: vogel
*** Skepi Creole Dutch: fogul
*** →? Sranan Tongo: fowru, vol, vool
**** → Saramaccan: fóu
** Limburgish: vogel, voeagel
** West Flemish: veugel
** Zealandic: veugel

#### Further reading

* “fogal”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old High German
### Alternative forms

* fugal

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *fugl, from Proto-Germanic *fuglaz, whence also Old English fugol, Old Norse fugl.

### Noun

fogal m
* bird

#### Derived terms

* fogalōn
* sēfogal

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: vogel
** Alemannic German: Fogel, Vogel
** Central Franconian: Vuggel, Vugel (Colognian Academy spelling), Vuul (scattered variant in Moselle Franconian)
    Hunsrik: Foghel
    Kölsch: Furrel
** Cimbrian: vóoghel, bóoghel, vogl
** German: Vogel
** Luxembourgish: Vugel, Vull
** Rhine Franconian:
    Pennsylvania German: Voggel
** Vilamovian: föguł
** Yiddish: פֿויגל (foygl)

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From fogo +‎ -al. Compare Medieval Latin focālis (“hearth tax”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /foˈɡaw/ [foˈɡaʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /fuˈɡal/ [fuˈɣaɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /fuˈɡal/ [fuˈɣaɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /fuˈɡa.li/ [fuˈɣa.li]
* Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
* Hyphenation: fo‧gal

### Noun

fogal m (plural fogais)
* (historical, taxation) hearth tax, a tax levied on each household
** 1853, François-René de Chateaubriand, Memorias d'alem da campa Volume 2, Typographia de J. Lourenço de Sousa, page 70:
    O focal (census pro singulis FOCIS exactus) era um censo, ou uma espécie de imposto, que os plebeus pagavam por cada fogo.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### References

* “fogal”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
* “fogal”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
# 烏鳩
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 烏 | 鳩 |
| からす Jinmeiyō | はと > ばと Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi ||

### Etymology

烏(からす) (karasu, “crow, raven”) + 鳩(はと) (hato, “pigeon”). The hato changes to bato as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠ɾa̠sɨba̠to̞]

### Noun

烏(からす)鳩(ばと) or 烏鳩(カラスバト) • (karasubato)
* black wood pigeon, Columba janthina

#### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).
# formóðir
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From for- +‎ móðir.

### Noun

formóðir f (genitive singular formóður or (proscribed) formóðir, nominative plural formæður)
* foremother, female ancestor
    Synonym: ættmóðir
    Coordinate term: forfaðir

#### Declension

$^1$Proscribed.

### Further reading

* “formóðir” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)
# crew sock
## English
### Etymology

From the federal procurement in the United States of the 1940s, as the yeoman would order a type of socks to be worn by everyone of a Navy vessel’s crew—which were then distributed outwith the United States Armed Forces.

### Noun

crew sock (plural crew socks)
* A sock that extends to the mid calf and is often characterized by being ribbed above the ankle.
    Hypernym: slack sock

#### Related terms

* crew neck
# balladystka
## Polish
### Etymology

From balladysta +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bal.laˈdɘst.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘstka
* Syllabification: bal‧la‧dyst‧ka

### Noun

balladystka f (male equivalent balladzista)
* (music, poetry) Alternative form of balladzistka

#### Related terms

* balladowy
* balladyczny
* balladowo
* ballada
* balladka
* balladomania
* balladowość
* balladyczność
* balladować

### Further reading

* balladystka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# went on holiday
## English
### Verb

went on holiday
* simple past of go on holiday
# utreseförbuds
## Swedish
### Noun

utreseförbuds
* inflection of utreseförbud:
** indefinite genitive singular
** indefinite genitive plural