# جن
## Arabic

* Root
* ج ن ن (j n n)
* 7 terms

### Etymology 1

Compare Hebrew גָּנַן (gānán, “to defend, to cover”).

#### Verb

جَنَّ • (janna) I (non-past يَجُنُّ (yajunnu), verbal noun جَنّ (jann) or جُنُون (junūn))
* (transitive) to cover, to hide, to conceal, to veil
* (transitive) to envelop, to enshroud, to cloak, to screen
* (transitive) to descend, to fall, to become night
** 11 Century CE, Wallada bint al-Mustakfi, ترقب إذا جن الظلام زيارتي
    تَرَقَّبْ إِذَا جَنَّ الظَّلَامُ زِيَارَتِي / فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ اللَّيْلَ أَكْتَمَ لِلسِّرِّtaraqqab ʔiḏā janna ẓ-ẓalāmu ziyāratī / fa-ʔinnī raʔaytu l-layla ʔaktama li-s-sirriAwait, when darkness falls, my visit. For I found the night to be a better keeper of secrets.

##### Related terms

* جَنِين (janīn, “embryo, germ”)
* مِجَنّ (mijann, “shield”)

### Etymology 2

Formally from the root ج ن ن (j-n-n), though most likely a back-formation from جِنِّي (jinnī), derived from Classical Syriac ܓܢܝ (gnē, “spirit, genie”), or its emphatic form Aramaic גניא (ginnāyā) or Classical Syriac ܓܢܝܐ (genyā), also meaning "a tutelary deity" or "Astaroth idols". Compare Latin genius.

#### Noun

جِنّ • (jinn) m (collective, singulative جَانّ m or f (jānn) or جِنِّيّ m (jinniyy) or جِنِّيَّة f (jinniyya), plural جِنّ (jinn) or جِنَّة (jinna) or جِنَّان (jinnān) or جَوَان (jawān))
* (collective) spiritual or otherwise unseen, undetectable, masked, or morphed beings that may be benevolent or helpful (agathodaemons, eudaemons), neutral, or malevolent (cacodemons); demonkind, jinn, genies
    Synonyms: جِنَّة (jinna), جَوَان (jawān), جِنَّان (jinnān)
* (collective) any mythical beings in general (such as fairies, satyrs, nymphs, elves, goblins, and sprites)
* (informal, in the singular) a genie, a jann, one of the jinn(s).

##### Usage notes

In Arabian and Islamic mythology and demonology, the genies (alternatively referred to in English using the transliteration jinn), are conceptualized as a race that lives on earth alongside humans and beasts. Genies, like humans, are not deemed wholly evil or good, but they are said to possess powers that screen them from humankind, such as shapeshifting, which allows them to take up the form of animals (usually snakes and serpents) or even humans. Evil, godless, malicious, or otherwise harmful genies may influence the world indirectly (often through the works of human agents, such as sorcerers and witches) or directly (through the actions of the genies themselves). For example, Saʿd ibn ʿUbādah, one of the companions of Muhammad, is said to have been supposedly assassinated by a genie who shot him with an arrow while he was urinating alone in the desert, and the second Caliph ʽUmar ibn al-Ḵaṭṭāb, as reported by Al-Munāwi in his Fayḍ al-Qadīr ("The Flow of the Ablest"), struck dead a غُول (ḡūl) (a kind of جِنّ (jinn)) with his sword, describing the creature as being "with a form like a human but with legs like those of a donkey". The جِنّ (jinn) are therefore not to be confused with the race of otherworldly creatures trapped in oil lamps as popularized in English, which, in Arabic, would be only a subtype of جِنّ (jinn), like the قُطْرُب (quṭrub, “lycanthrope”) and the سِعْلَاء (siʕlāʔ, “succubus”) and the chiefly Egyptian نَدَّاهَة (“siren”). For more information, see the Wikipedia article on Jinn.
The word is also sometimes indiscriminately used when translating the non-Arabic names of other mythological beings (especially fairies and elves). This, however, often creates much confusion, and so various Arabicized forms of the original denominations may be used to avoid this.

##### Descendants

* Maltese: ġinn
* → Albanian: xhind
* → Armenian: ջին (ǰin)
* → Avar: жен (žen)
* → Azerbaijani: cin
* → Bashkir: ен (yen)
* → Bengali: জিন (jin), জ্বীন (jin)
* → Dhivehi: ޖިންނި (jin̊ni)
* → Georgian: ჯინი (ǯini)
* → Kazakh: жын (jyn), жін (jın)
* → Kurdish: cin
* → Kyrgyz: жин (jin)
* → Malay: jin
** → Indonesian: jin
* → Nogai: йин (yin)
* → Persian: جن (jenn)
** > Tajik: ҷин (jin) (inherited)
** → Hindi: जिन्न (jinn), जिन (jin), जिन्द (jind)
** → Urdu: جن (jin)
* → Ottoman Turkish: جن (cin)
** > Turkish: cin (inherited)
** → Greek: τζίνι (tzíni)
** → Serbo-Croatian: džȉn
* → Tatar: җен (cen)
* → Swahili: jini
* → Turkmen: jyn
* → Uyghur: جىن (jin)
* → Uzbek: jin

##### See also

* نَسْنَاس (nasnās, “nasnas”)
* غُول (ḡūl, “ghoul”)

### Etymology 3

Denominal verb from جِنّ (jinn, “jinn; spirit, demon”), leveled to the root ج ن ن (j-n-n).

#### Verb

جُنَّ • (junna) I (passive-only, first-person singular past جُنِنْتُ (junintu), non-past يُجَنُّ (yujannu), verbal noun جَنّ (jann) or جُنُون (junūn) or جِنَّة (jinna))
* (passive voice) to be possessed
** (passive voice) to seem or act as if possessed, to be insane, to be crazy, to be mad, to be deranged
** (passive voice) to be obsessed; to be infatuated

##### Related terms

* جِنَّة (jinna, “possession, mania; spirits and demons”)
* جُنُون (junūn, “madness”)
* جُنُونِيّ (junūniyy, “crazy”)
* مَجَنَّة (majanna, “madness, insanity”)
* مَجْنُون (majnūn, “crazy, demoniac”)

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

جَنّ • (jann) m
* verbal noun of جُنَّ (junna) (form I)
* verbal noun of جَنَّ (janna) (form I)

##### Declension
## Baluchi
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *ǰánHh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰánHs, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

### Noun

جن • (jan)
* woman

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic جِنّ (jinn).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ˈd͡ʒinn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɪ́n(ː)]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɪ́n(ː)]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒɪ́n(ː)]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒín(ː)]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒén(ː)]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒín(ː)]

#### Noun

| Dari | جن |
| Iranian Persian | جن |
| Tajik | ҷин, ҷинн |
جن • (jenn) (plural جن‌ها (jenn-hâ))
* jinn, genie, demon, ghost

##### Related terms

* دیو (div, “daeva”)
* غول (ğul, “ghoul”)

### Etymology 2

From or cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬀 (yaona, “way”), from Proto-Iranian *Háy (cognate with Pashto يون (yūn, “movement; walking; going”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háy, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ˈd͡ʒan]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒǽn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒǽn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒǽn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒǽn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒǽn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒǽn]

#### Noun

جن • (jan) (plural جن‌ها (jan-hâ))
* side
* way
    Synonyms: راه (râh), سو (sū)
** c. 1000, Abul-Qâsem Ferdowsi Tusi, The Book of Kings :پرندوش از این جن سواری گذشت که لرزید ازو سر به سر بوم و دشتparandôš az ên jan savârê guzašt ka larzîd azô sar-ba-sar bûm u dašt

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit जन (jana, “race; people”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ánHas, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os.

### Noun

جن • (jan) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਜਨ)
* people, populace; nation
* race, stock
* person, individual

#### Declension
### References

* “جن”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “جن”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jána”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 281

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جِنّ (jinn).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d͡ʒɪn/, /d͡ʒɪnn/

### Noun

جن • (jin, jinn) m (formal plural جنات, Hindi spelling जिन्न)
* (Islam) jinn
* demon

### See also

* دیو (dev)
* آسیب (āseb)