# 共鳴
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gòngmíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^6$ ming$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiōng-bêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gang$^7$ mêng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gòngmíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gòngmíng
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^4$-ming$^2$
*** Yale: gùng-míng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonqming
*** Palladius: гунмин (gunmin)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^6$ ming$^4$
*** Yale: guhng mìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^6$ ming$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^6$ ming$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ²² mɪŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiōng-bêng
*** Tâi-lô: kiōng-bîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kioxngbeeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ biɪŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gang$^7$ mêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kāng mêng
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵/

### Verb

共鳴
* (physics) to resonate
* (figurative) to respond sympathetically; to form emotional resonance; to resonate
       Wǒ duì zhè běn shū chǎnshēng le gòngmíng. [Pinyin]
       This book resonated with me.

#### Synonyms

* (to resonate): 共振 (gòngzhèn)

#### Derived terms

* 共鳴器 / 共鸣器
* 共鳴音 / 共鸣音 (gòngmíngyīn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 共 | 鳴 |
| きょう Grade: 4 | めい Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きょーめー [kyòóméé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲo̞ːme̞ː]

### Noun

共(きょう)鳴(めい) • (kyōmei)
* resonance of strings etc.
* sympathy
** 1945, 海野十三, 地球発狂事件:
    が、この意見(いけん)は意外(いがい)にもフランスの共産党(きょうさんとう)によって非常(ひじょう)な共鳴(きょうめい)を受(う)けた。
       ga, kono iken wa igai ni mo Furansu no kyōsantō ni yotte hijō na kyōmei o uketa.
       But this opinion found an incredible degree of sympathy in the French Communist Party.

### Verb

共(きょう)鳴(めい)する • (kyōmei suru) intransitive suru (stem 共(きょう)鳴(めい)し (kyōmei shi), past 共(きょう)鳴(めい)した (kyōmei shita))
* to resonate
* to sympathize, to be in sympathy with

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 共鳴し | きょうめいし | kyōmei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 共鳴し | きょうめいし | kyōmei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 共鳴する | きょうめいする | kyōmei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 共鳴する | きょうめいする | kyōmei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 共鳴すれ | きょうめいすれ | kyōmei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 共鳴せよ¹ 共鳴しろ² | きょうめいせよ¹ きょうめいしろ² | kyōmei seyo¹ kyōmei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 共鳴される | きょうめいされる | kyōmei sareru |
| Causative | 共鳴させる 共鳴さす | きょうめいさせる きょうめいさす | kyōmei saseru kyōmei sasu |
| Potential | 共鳴できる | きょうめいできる | kyōmei dekiru |
| Volitional | 共鳴しよう | きょうめいしよう | kyōmei shiyō |
| Negative | 共鳴しない | きょうめいしない | kyōmei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 共鳴せず | きょうめいせず | kyōmei sezu |
| Formal | 共鳴します | きょうめいします | kyōmei shimasu |
| Perfective | 共鳴した | きょうめいした | kyōmei shita |
| Conjunctive | 共鳴して | きょうめいして | kyōmei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 共鳴すれば | きょうめいすれば | kyōmei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 共 | 鳴 |

### Noun

共鳴 • (gongmyeong) (hangeul 공명)
* hanja form of 공명