# 臼

| 臼 | U+81FC, &#33276; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81FC |
| ← 臻 [U+81FB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 臽 → [U+81FD] |
| ⾅ | U+2F85, &#12165; KANGXI RADICAL MORTAR |
| ← ⾄ [U+2F84] | Kangxi Radicals | ⾆ → [U+2F86] |

## Translingual
### Han character

臼 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹難 (HX), four-corner 7777$_0$, composition ⿵⿲丨⿱丿一⿹𠃍一一)
* Kangxi radical #134, ⾅.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/臼
* 㧮, 桕, 𭹉, 𧧖, 𧳈, 𩢹, 𩶧, 齨, 𠜃, 𨋺, 𨾹, 𩒦, 𩶿, 䳎
* 兒, 帠, 䊆, 䢅, 䳔, 鼠, 𪠨, 𡘑, 𭇦, 𣆫, 𨿀, 𩣅, 𪓢, 臽, 𡚒, 㳫, 𤘈, 𦭻, 𮃼, 𦽭, 閰, 裒
* 𦥚, 㖬, 𢝘, 揑, 湼, 䛼, 毁, 隉, 㷐, 毀, 𢶽, 𣫞

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1003, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30173
* Dae Jaweon: page 1459, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3037, character 1
* Unihan data for U+81FC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 臼
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 臼 | *ɡuʔ |
| 齨 | *ɡuʔ |
| 桕 | *ɡuʔ |
| 舅 | *ɡuʔ |
| 舊 | *ɡʷɯs |
| 匶 | *ɡʷɯs |
| 閰 | *kuɡ |
Pictogram (象形) : a mortar. See the original version of 舂, in which a pestle is visible on top. Unrelated to the top component of 學, 兒, 䳔, 鼠, and 叟.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiù (jiu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kau$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khiû
    (Hailu, HRS): kiu$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kiu$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): kô / kêu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khǔ / khū / kiǔ / kiū
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ku$^6$ / giu$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$jieu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiù
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiòu
*** Wade–Giles: chiu$^4$
*** Yale: jyòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiow
*** Palladius: цзю (czju)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kau$^5$
*** Yale: káuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kau$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: keo$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐu̯¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiû
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯u²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiu$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰiu⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰiu⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kô / kêu
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰou²⁴²/, /kʰiɛu²⁴²/
* kô - vernacular;
* kêu - litereary.
* Middle Chinese: gjuwX
Rime :
| Character | 臼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 其九切 |
| Baxter | gjuwX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡiu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /guw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭəu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯ə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[ɡ]ʷəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 臼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gjuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.[ɡ]ʷəʔ/ |
| English | mortar |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 臼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6977 |
| Phonetic component | 臼 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 舅 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡuʔ/ |

### Definitions

臼
* mortar (hollow vessel used to pound or crush ingredients)
* something which resembles a mortar

### Compounds

* 不落窠臼 (bùluòkējiù)
* 井臼
* 大臼齒 / 大臼齿 (dàjiùchǐ)
* 小臼齒 / 小臼齿 (xiǎojiùchǐ)
* 操井臼
* 杵臼 (chǔjiù)
* 杵臼交
* 杵臼關節 / 杵臼关节
* 炊臼
* 炊臼之夢 / 炊臼之梦
* 炊臼之戚
* 烏臼 / 乌臼
* 窠臼 (kējiù)
* 紡績井臼 / 纺绩井臼
* 脫臼 / 脱臼 (tuōjiù)
* 自操井臼
* 臼中無釜 / 臼中无釜
* 臼窠 (jiùkē)
* 臼頭深目 / 臼头深目
* 臼齒 / 臼齿 (jiùchǐ)
* 虀臼
* 親操井臼 / 亲操井臼
* 門臼 / 门臼 (ménjiù)
* 齏臼 / 齑臼 (jījiù)

### References

* (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* millstone; mortar

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぐ (gu)
* Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)
* Kun: うす (usu, 臼, Jōyō)、おす (osu, 臼)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 臼
* うす Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 臼 – see the following entry. :
| 【うす】 | [noun] 臼, 碓: mortar Alternative spelling 碓 |
(This term, 臼, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 臼
* おす Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 臼 – see the following entry. :
| 【おす】 | [noun] (Yamagata) mortar |
(This term, 臼, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

臼 (eum 구 (gu))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

臼: Hán Nôm readings: cối, cữu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.