# breac
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish brecc (“speckled, spotted; trout”), from Proto-Celtic *brikkos. Cognate with Breton breac’h and Welsh brych.
The verb is from Middle Irish breccaid (“to speckle”), from the adjective.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bʲɾʲak/

### Adjective

breac (genitive singular masculine bric, genitive singular feminine brice, plural breaca, comparative brice)
* speckled, spotted

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Derived terms

* alabhreac (“piebald; pied”, adjective)
* bairín breac m (“barmbrack”)
* capall alabhreac m (“pinto”)
* iarnbhreac (“ironshot”, adjective)

### Verb

breac (present analytic breacann, future analytic breacfaidh, verbal noun breacadh, past participle breactha)
* to speckle

#### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | breacaim | breacann tú; breacair$^†$ | breacann sé, sí | breacaimid | breacann sibh | breacann siad; breacaid$^†$ | a bhreacann; a bhreacas / a mbreacann* | breactar |
| indicative | past | bhreac mé; bhreacas | bhreac tú; bhreacais | bhreac sé, sí | bhreacamar; bhreac muid | bhreac sibh; bhreacabhair | bhreac siad; bhreacadar | a bhreac / ar bhreac* | breacadh |
| indicative | past habitual | bhreacainn / mbreacainn‡‡ | bhreactá / mbreactá‡‡ | bhreacadh sé, sí / mbreacadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhreacaimis; bhreacadh muid / mbreacaimis‡‡; mbreacadh muid‡‡ | bhreacadh sibh / mbreacadh sibh‡‡ | bhreacaidís; bhreacadh siad / mbreacaidís‡‡; mbreacadh siad‡‡ | a bhreacadh / a mbreacadh* | bhreactaí / mbreactaí‡‡ |
| future | future | breacfaidh mé; breacfad | breacfaidh tú; breacfair$^†$ | breacfaidh sé, sí | breacfaimid; breacfaidh muid | breacfaidh sibh | breacfaidh siad; breacfaid$^†$ | a bhreacfaidh; a bhreacfas / a mbreacfaidh* | breacfar |
| conditional | conditional | bhreacfainn / mbreacfainn‡‡ | bhreacfá / mbreacfá‡‡ | bhreacfadh sé, sí / mbreacfadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhreacfaimis; bhreacfadh muid / mbreacfaimis‡‡; mbreacfadh muid‡‡ | bhreacfadh sibh / mbreacfadh sibh‡‡ | bhreacfaidís; bhreacfadh siad / mbreacfaidís‡‡; mbreacfadh siad‡‡ | a bhreacfadh / a mbreacfadh* | bhreacfaí / mbreacfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go mbreaca mé; go mbreacad$^†$ | go mbreaca tú; go mbreacair$^†$ | go mbreaca sé, sí | go mbreacaimid; go mbreaca muid | go mbreaca sibh | go mbreaca siad; go mbreacaid$^†$ | — | go mbreactar |
| subjunctive | past | dá mbreacainn | dá mbreactá | dá mbreacadh sé, sí | dá mbreacaimis; dá mbreacadh muid | dá mbreacadh sibh | dá mbreacaidís; dá mbreacadh siad | — | dá mbreactaí |
| imperative | imperative | breacaim | breac | breacadh sé, sí | breacaimis | breacaigí; breacaidh$^†$ | breacaidís | — | breactar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | breacadh | breacadh | breacadh | breacadh | breacadh | breacadh | breacadh | breacadh |
| past participle | past participle | breactha | breactha | breactha | breactha | breactha | breactha | breactha | breactha |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Noun

breac m (genitive singular bric, nominative plural bric)
* trout

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
breac
bric
vocative
a bhric
a bhreaca
genitive
bric
breac
dative
breac
bric
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an breac
na bric
genitive
an bhric
na mbreac
dative
leis an mbreac don bhreac
leis na bric :

#### Derived terms

* breac donn m (“brown trout”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 brecc ‘speckled, spotted’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 brecc ‘speckled, spotted thing; trout’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “breccaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 146, page 75
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 52
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 411, page 135

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “breac”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 82
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “breac”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bræ͜ɑːk/

### Verb

brēac
* first/third-person singular preterite indicative of brūcan

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /b̥ɾʲɛxk/
* (Lewis) IPA: /b̥ðek/, [b̥ðe̞hk]
* (Barra) IPA: [b̥ɾʲɛxk~b̥ʒɛxk]

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish brecc (“speckled, spotted, variegated”), from Proto-Celtic *brikkos.

#### Adjective

breac (comparative brice)
* speckled, spotted, piebald
* embossed
* chequered

##### Derived terms

* am fiabhras breac
* fòghnan-breac
* iolair-bhreac

#### Verb

breac (past bhreac, future breacaidh, verbal noun breacadh, past participle breacte)
* speckle
* sprinkle, scatter

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Old Irish brecc (“trout”).

#### Noun

breac m (genitive singular bric, plural bric)
* trout, brown trout
* (dialect) salmon

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “breac”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 brecc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 brecc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language