# 芒

| 芒 | U+8292, &#33426; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8292 |
| ← 芑 [U+8291] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 芓 → [U+8293] |

## Translingual
### Han character

芒 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜女 (TYV), four-corner 4471$_0$, composition ⿱艹亡)

#### Derived characters

* 恾, 硭, 鋩/铓, 㟐, 䅒, 𠉋, 𠴏, 𢂾, 𣒣, 𤞽, 𥇀, 𥭶, 𦀴, 𦛿, 𧋽, 𧨔, 𩓜, 𩛲/𬲹, 𩷶, 𫼳, 𤶼, 𦮋, 𬕼, 𡙧

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1018, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30682
* Dae Jaweon: page 1476, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3176, character 3
* Unihan data for U+8292

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 芒 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 忙 | *maːŋ |
| 芒 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 茫 | *maːŋ |
| 恾 | *maːŋ |
| 吂 | *maːŋ, *maːŋs |
| 汒 | *maːŋ, *maŋs |
| 朚 | *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs |
| 邙 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 杗 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 荒 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs |
| 肓 | *hmaːŋ |
| 衁 | *hmaːŋ |
| 巟 | *hmaːŋ |
| 詤 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ |
| 慌 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ |
| 謊 | *hmaːŋʔ |
| 喪 | *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ |
| 亡 | *maŋ |
| 望 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 莣 | *maŋ |
| 朢 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 鋩 | *maŋ |
| 硭 | *maŋ |
| 忘 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 网 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 罔 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 蛧 | *maŋʔ |
| 網 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 輞 | *maŋʔ |
| 棢 | *maŋʔ |
| 惘 | *maŋʔ |
| 菵 | *maŋʔ |
| 誷 | *maŋʔ |
| 魍 | *maŋʔ |
| 妄 | *maŋs |
| 盲 | *mraːŋ |
| 蝱 | *mraːŋ |
| 虻 | *mraːŋ |
| 氓 | *mraːŋ |
| 甿 | *mraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maːŋ, *maŋ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ); perhaps, its original form was 方.

### Etymology 1

* 中國芒 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Miscanthus sinensis (English)
Unclear. Schuessler (2007) lists two possible comparanda:
* Proto-Kam-Sui *mpraːŋ¹ (“ear (of grain)”), which may be problematic due to inconsistent phonetic correspondence with the Middle Chinese form; and
* Burmese အမှင် (a.hmang, “stiff hair; bristles”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ma-ŋ (“beard; moustache”) (STEDT).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): máng, wáng (mang$^2$, wang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄤˊ, ㄨㄤˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mong$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): mong$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mòng / miòng
    (Hailu, HRS): mong / miong
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mong$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): mè̤ng / mòng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): mung$^2$ / mng$^2$ / morng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bông / bâng / mî / mêe / mê
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mang$^5$ / mên$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$maon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: máng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: máng
*** Wade–Giles: mang$^2$
*** Yale: máng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mang
*** Palladius: ман (man)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑŋ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, colloquial variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wáng
*** Wade–Giles: wang$^2$
*** Yale: wáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wang
*** Palladius: ван (van)
*** Sinological IPA : /wɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mong$^4$
*** Yale: mòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔːŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: mong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbɔŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mòng / miòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: mong$^ˇ$ / miong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mong$^2$ / miong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /moŋ¹¹/, /mi̯oŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: mong / miong
*** Sinological IPA: /moŋ⁵⁵/, /mioŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mɔŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mè̤ng / mòng
*** Sinological IPA : /møyŋ⁵³/, /mouŋ⁵³/
* mè̤ng - vernacular;
* mòng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: mjang, mang
Rime :
| Character | 芒 | 芒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 武方切 | 莫郎切 |
| Baxter | mjang | mang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mʉɐŋ/ | /mɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mʷiɐŋ/ | /mɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miuɑŋ/ | /mɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muaŋ/ | /maŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /miuaŋ/ | /mɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭwaŋ/ | /mɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /miwaŋ/ | /mɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wáng | máng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mong$^4$ | mong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*maːŋ/, /*maŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 芒 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | máng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mang › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁaŋ/ |
| English | awn, beard of grain |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 芒 | 芒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 12640 | 12663 |
| Phonetic component | 亡 | 亡 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 茫 | 亡 |
| Old Chinese | /*maːŋ/ | /*maŋ/ |

#### Definitions

芒
* (～草) Miscanthus sinensis
* (～屬) Miscanthus
    尼泊爾芒／尼泊尔芒 ― níbó'ěrmáng ― Miscanthus nepalensis
* awn
    針尖對麥芒／针尖对麦芒 ― zhēn jiān duì màimáng ― lit. "needle's point versus awn of wheat"; fig. "(of two equally strong sides) sharply opposed to each other, neither making any concessions"
    alt. forms: 𪌁
* edge of a knife
    鋒芒／锋芒 ― fēngmáng ― cutting edge
* ray; beam (of light)
* Alternative form of 茫 (máng, “indistinct”)
* Alternative form of 忙 (máng, “hurried”)
* (obsolete, alt. form 邙) Short for 北邙山 (Běimángshān).
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 不露鋒芒 / 不露锋芒
* 作作有芒
* 光芒 (guāngmáng)
* 光芒萬丈 / 光芒万丈 (guāngmángwànzhàng)
* 初露鋒芒 / 初露锋芒
* 北芒 (Běimáng)
* 句芒
* 如芒刺背
* 如芒在背
* 小試鋒芒 / 小试锋芒
* 嶄露鋒芒 / 崭露锋芒
* 抹芒頭 / 抹芒头
* 改革芒筒
* 星芒狀 / 星芒状
* 毫芒
* 混芒
* 篛帽芒鞋 / 箬帽芒鞋
* 精芒
* 背生芒刺
* 背若芒刺
* 芒來 / 芒来 (Mánglái)
* 芒光 (bâng-koang)
* 芒刃
* 芒刺 (mángcì)
* 芒刺在背 (mángcìzàibèi)
* 芒刺滿身 / 芒刺满身
* 芒寒色正
* 芒屩 / 芒𪨗
* 芒然 (mángrán)
* 芒然自失
* 芒硝 (mángxiāo)
* 芒神
* 芒種 / 芒种 (mángzhòng)
* 芒稷
* 芒筒 (mángtǒng)
* 芒芒
* 芒芒然
* 芒芒苦海
* 芒草 (mángcǎo)
* 芒角 (mángjiǎo)
* 芒角撐腸 / 芒角撑肠
* 芒郎
* 芒鞋 (mángxié)
* 芒頭 / 芒头
* 芭芒
* 鋒芒 / 锋芒 (fēngmáng)
* 鋒芒內斂 / 锋芒内敛
* 鋒芒所向 / 锋芒所向
* 鋒芒畢露 / 锋芒毕露 (fēngmángbìlù)
* 鋒芒逼人 / 锋芒逼人
* 鍼芒 / 针芒
* 露鋒芒 / 露锋芒
* 麥芒 / 麦芒 (màimáng)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): máng (mang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄤˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mong$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): mong$^1$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): mong$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): mon$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): mòng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): morng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$man; $^6$mon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: máng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: máng
*** Wade–Giles: mang$^2$
*** Yale: máng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mang
*** Palladius: ман (man)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mong$^1$
*** Yale: mōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔːŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: mong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbɔŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /mɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: mon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /mɒ̃¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mòng
*** Sinological IPA : /mouŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: morng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bông
*** Tâi-lô: bông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boong
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /bɔŋ²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mâng
*** Sinological IPA : /maŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$man; $^6$mon
*** MiniDict: man$^去$; mon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$man; $^3$mon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mã²³/, /moŋ²³/

#### Definitions

芒
* Short for 芒果 (mángguǒ, “mango”).

#### Compounds

* 呂宋芒 / 吕宋芒 (lǚsòngmáng)
* 愛文芒 / 爱文芒
* 芒果 (mángguǒ)
* 芒果青
* 蘋果芒 / 苹果芒
* 青芒
* 香芒

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Máng (Mang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Máng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Máng
*** Wade–Giles: Mang$^2$
*** Yale: Máng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Mang
*** Palladius: Ман (Man)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mong$^4$
*** Yale: mòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔːŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: mang
Rime :
| Character | 芒 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫郎切 |
| Baxter | mang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /mɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /mɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | máng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*maːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 芒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 12640 |
| Phonetic component | 亡 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 茫 |
| Old Chinese | /*maːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

芒
* a surname

### Etymology 4

* 芒 (夏朝) (Written Standard Chinese)
* 芒 (夏) (Cantonese)
* Mang of Xia (English)
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Máng (Mang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mong$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Bông
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Máng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Máng
*** Wade–Giles: Mang$^2$
*** Yale: Máng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Mang
*** Palladius: Ман (Man)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mong$^4$
*** Yale: mòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔːŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bông
*** Tâi-lô: Bông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ²³/

#### Definitions

芒
* (Chinese mythology) Mang of Xia (ninth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huǎng (huang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fong$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huǎng
*** Wade–Giles: huang$^3$
*** Yale: hwǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hoang
*** Palladius: хуан (xuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^2$
*** Yale: fóng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ³⁵/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤaŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 芒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huǎng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xwang$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m̥ˁaŋʔ/ |
| English | obscure, confused |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||

#### Definitions

芒
* Alternative form of 恍 (huǎng, “indistinct; confused”)

#### Compounds

* 芒忽 (huǎnghū)
* 芒惚 (huǎnghū)
* 芒芴 (huǎnghū)
* 芴芒 (hūhuǎng)

### References

* “芒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “芒”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 151.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* (botany) awn

#### Readings

* Go-on: もう (mō)
* Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
* On: こう (kō)
* Kun: すすき (susuki, 芒)、のぎ (nogi, 芒)、のげ (noge, 芒)

#### Compounds

* 芒種(ぼうしゅ) (bōshu)
* 芒硝(ぼうしょう) (bōshō)
* 芒果(まんご) (mango)
* 光芒(こうぼう) (kōbō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 芒
* のぎ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 芒 – see the following entry. :
| 【のぎ】 | [noun] (botany) awn |
(This term, 芒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 芒
* すすき Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 芒 – see the following entry. :
| 【すすきススキ】 | [noun] susuki grass, Japanese pampas grass [noun] (card games) a suit in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of August Alternative spelling 薄 |
(This term, 芒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

芒 • (mang) (hangeul 망, revised mang, McCune–Reischauer mang, Yale mang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

芒: Hán Nôm readings: mang, man, mường, màng, mưng, vong
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.