# ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ
## Coptic
### Verb

ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ • (thoftef)
* (Bohairic, transitive) to let fall drop by drop (rain)

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ thoftef | imperative | affirmative | ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ thoftef |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ štemthoftef | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀perthoftef |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ tithoftef | ⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ kthoftef | ⲧⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ tethoftef | ϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ fthoftef | ⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ sthoftef | ⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ tenthoftef | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ tetenthoftef | ⲥⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ sethoftef | ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ thoftef |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ eithoftef | ⲉⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ekthoftef | ⲉⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ erethoftef | ⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ efthoftef | ⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ esthoftef | ⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ enthoftef | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ eretenthoftef | ⲉⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ euthoftef | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ere- thoftef |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etithoftef | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etekthoftef | ⲉⲧⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etethoftef | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etefthoftef | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etesthoftef | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etenthoftef | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etetenthoftef | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etouthoftef | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ete- thoftef |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ naithoftef | ⲛⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nakthoftef | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ narethoftef | ⲛⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nafthoftef | ⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nasthoftef | ⲛⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nanthoftef | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ naretenthoftef | ⲛⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nauthoftef | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nare- thoftef |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ aithoftef | ⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ akthoftef | ⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ arethoftef | ⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ afthoftef | ⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ asthoftef | ⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ anthoftef | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ aretenthoftef | ⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ authoftef | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ are- thoftef |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ tinathoftef | ⲭⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ khnathoftef | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ terathoftef | ϥⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ fnathoftef | ⲥⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ snathoftef | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ tennathoftef | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ tetennathoftef | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ senathoftef | ⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nathoftef |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ einathoftef | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ekhnathoftef | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ erenathoftef | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ efnathoftef | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ esnathoftef | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ennathoftef | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ eretennathoftef | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ eunathoftef | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ere- nathoftef |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etinathoftef | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etekhnathoftef | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etenathoftef | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etefnathoftef | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etesnathoftef | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etennathoftef | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etetennathoftef | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etounathoftef | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ete- nathoftef |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nainathoftef | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nakhnathoftef | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ narenathoftef | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nafnathoftef | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nasnathoftef | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nannathoftef | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ naretennathoftef | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ naunathoftef | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nare- nathoftef |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ainathoftef | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ akhnathoftef | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ arenathoftef | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ afnathoftef | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ asnathoftef | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ annathoftef | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ aretennathoftef | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ aunathoftef | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ are- nathoftef |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ aithoftef | ⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ akthoftef | ⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ arethoftef | ⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ afthoftef | ⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ asthoftef | ⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ anthoftef | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ atetenthoftef | ⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ authoftef | ⲁ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ a- thoftef |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀pithoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀pekthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀pethoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀pefthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀pesthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀penthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀petenthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀pouthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀pe- thoftef |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ eaithoftef | ⲉⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ eakthoftef | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ earethoftef | ⲉⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ eafthoftef | ⲉⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ easthoftef | ⲉⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ eanthoftef | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ eatetenthoftef | ⲉⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ eauthoftef | ⲉⲁ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ea- thoftef |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pithoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pekthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pethoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pefthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pesthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀penthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀petenthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pouthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pe- thoftef |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etaithoftef | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etakthoftef | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etarethoftef | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etafthoftef | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etasthoftef | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etanthoftef | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etaretenthoftef | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etauthoftef | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ eta- thoftef |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀pithoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀pekthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀pethoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀pefthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀pesthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀penthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀petenthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀pouthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀pe- thoftef |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ neaithoftef | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ neakthoftef | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nearethoftef | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ neafthoftef | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ neasthoftef | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ neanthoftef | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ neatetenthoftef | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ neauthoftef | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nea- thoftef |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nem̀pithoftef | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nem̀pekthoftef | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nem̀pethoftef | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nem̀pefthoftef | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nem̀pesthoftef | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nem̀penthoftef | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nem̀petenthoftef | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nem̀pouthoftef | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nem̀pe- thoftef |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etaithoftef | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etakthoftef | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etarethoftef | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etafthoftef | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etasthoftef | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etanthoftef | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etaretenthoftef | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etauthoftef | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ eta- thoftef |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀patithoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀patekthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀patethoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀patefthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀patesthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀patenthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀patetenthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀patouthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀pate- thoftef |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀patithoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀patekthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀patethoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀patefthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀patesthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀patenthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀patetenthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀patouthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pate- thoftef |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀patithoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀patekthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀patethoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀patefthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀patesthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀patenthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀patetenthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀patouthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀pate- thoftef |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀patithoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀patekthoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀patethoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀patefthoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀patesthoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀patenthoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀patetenthoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀patouthoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀pate- thoftef |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šaithoftef | ϣⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šakthoftef | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šarethoftef | ϣⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šafthoftef | ϣⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šasthoftef | ϣⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šanthoftef | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šatetenthoftef | ϣⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šauthoftef | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šare- thoftef |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀paithoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀pakthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀parethoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀pafthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀pasthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀panthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀paretenthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀pauthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀pare- thoftef |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ešaithoftef | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ešakthoftef | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ešarethoftef | ⲉϣⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ešafthoftef | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ešasthoftef | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ešanthoftef | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ešatetenthoftef | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ešauthoftef | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ešare- thoftef |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀paithoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pakthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀parethoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pafthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pasthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀panthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀paretenthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pauthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pare- thoftef |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etšaithoftef | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etšakthoftef | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etšarethoftef | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etšafthoftef | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etšasthoftef | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etšanthoftef | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etšatetenthoftef | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etšauthoftef | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etšare- thoftef |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀paithoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀pakthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀parethoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀pafthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀pasthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀panthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀paretenthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀pauthoftef | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ etm̀pare- thoftef |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ našaithoftef | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ našakthoftef | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ našarethoftef | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ našafthoftef | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ našasthoftef | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ našanthoftef | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ našatetenthoftef | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ našauthoftef | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ našare- thoftef |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀paithoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀pakthoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀parethoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀pafthoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀pasthoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀panthoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀paretenthoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀pauthoftef | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ nam̀pare- thoftef |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀paithoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pakthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀parethoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pafthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pasthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀panthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀paretenthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pauthoftef | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ em̀pare- thoftef |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ eiethoftef | ⲉⲕⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ekethoftef | ⲉⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ erethoftef | ⲉϥⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ efethoftef | ⲉⲥⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ esethoftef | ⲉⲛⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ enethoftef | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ eretenethoftef | ⲉⲩⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ euethoftef | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ere- thoftef |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹnathoftef | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹnekthoftef | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹnethoftef | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹnefthoftef | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹnesthoftef | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹnenthoftef | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹnetenthoftef | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹnouthoftef | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹne- thoftef |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ marithoftef | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ marefthoftef | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ maresthoftef | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ marenthoftef | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ marouthoftef | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ mare- thoftef |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀penthrithoftef | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀penthrefthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀penthresthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀penthrenthoftef | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀penthreuthoftef | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ m̀penthre- thoftef |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹtathoftef | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹtekthoftef | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹtethoftef | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹtefthoftef | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹtesthoftef | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹtenthoftef | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹtetenthoftef | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹsethoftef, ǹtouthoftef | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ ǹte- thoftef |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ tarithoftef | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ tarekthoftef | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ tarethoftef | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ tarefthoftef | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ taresthoftef | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ tarenthoftef | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ taretenthoftef | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ tarouthoftef | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ tare- thoftef |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šatithoftef | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šatekthoftef | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šatethoftef | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šatefthoftef | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šatesthoftef | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šatenthoftef | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šatetenthoftef | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šatouthoftef | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ šate- thoftef |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ aišanthoftef | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ akšanthoftef | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ arešanthoftef | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ afšanthoftef | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ asšanthoftef | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ anšanthoftef | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ aretenšanthoftef | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ aušanthoftef | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ arešan- thoftef |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ aithoftef | ⲁⲕⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ akthoftef | ⲁⲣⲉⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ arethoftef | ⲁϥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ afthoftef | ⲁⲥⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ asthoftef | ⲁⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ anthoftef | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ aretenthoftef | ⲁⲩⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ authoftef | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲟϥⲧⲉϥ are- thoftef |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 69b
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 44