# 舊

| 舊 | U+820A, &#33290; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-820A |
| ← 舉 [U+8209] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 舋 → [U+820B] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 旧 |
| Simplified | 旧 |
| Traditional | 舊 |

### Han character

舊 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+12 in traditional Chinese, 臼+11 in mainland China, Japanese and Korean, 18 strokes in traditional Chinese, 17 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 廿人土難 (TOGX), four-corner 4477$_7$, composition ⿱雈臼(HT) or ⿱萑臼(GJKV))

#### Derived characters

* 嚿, 欍, 匶, 𠥬, 𢑇, 𦧃, 𭍸

#### Related characters

* 旧 (Japanese shinjitai and simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1006, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30249
* Dae Jaweon: page 1462, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3043, character 18
* Unihan data for U+820A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 舊 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 臼 | *ɡuʔ |
| 齨 | *ɡuʔ |
| 桕 | *ɡuʔ |
| 舅 | *ɡuʔ |
| 舊 | *ɡʷɯs |
| 匶 | *ɡʷɯs |
| 閰 | *kuɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡʷɯs) : semantic 雈 (“owl”) + phonetic 臼 (OC *ɡuʔ).
Originally refers to a type of owl; later borrowed for a homophonous word meaning "old." The upper portion frequently appears as 萑 (a type of grass).

### Etymology 1

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)əw-n (“elder brother; senior male relative”), which is also compared to 舅 (OC *ɡuʔ, “maternal uncle”), 昆 (OC *kuːn, “elder brother”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT).
Baxter and Sagart (2014) compares it to 久 (OC *[k]ʷəʔ). See there for more.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiù (jiu$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiu$^4$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җю (ži͡u, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gau$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): giu$^5$
    (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): gieu$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qiu$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khiu
    (Hailu, HRS): kiu$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kiu$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jiou$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): giū
* Eastern Min (BUC): gô / gêu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gu$^5$ / giu$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kū / kiū
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gu$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$jieu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jiou$^5$ / jiou$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiù
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiòu
*** Wade–Giles: chiu$^4$
*** Yale: jyòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiow
*** Palladius: цзю (czju)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jiu$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiəu²¹³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җю (ži͡u, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiou⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gau$^6$
*** Yale: gauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐu̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: giu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiu³²/
** (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
*** Jyutping++: gieu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiɛu⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qiu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiu¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiu
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯u⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiu$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰiu³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kiu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰiu⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jiou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəu⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: giū
*** Sinological IPA : /kiu⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gô / gêu
*** Sinological IPA : /kou²⁴²/, /kiɛu²⁴²/
* gô - vernacular;
* gêu - literary.
* Middle Chinese: gjuwH
Rime :
| Character | 舊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 巨救切 |
| Baxter | gjuwH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡiu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /guw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯ə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kʷəʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷɯs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 舊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gjuw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-kʷəʔ-s/ |
| English | old |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 舊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6981 |
| Phonetic component | 臼 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 舊 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷɯs/ |

#### Definitions

舊
* old; former; past
    Antonym: 新 (xīn)
    舊思想／旧思想 ― jiù sīxiǎng ― old way of thinking
    他重獲舊職。／他重获旧职。 ― Tā chónghuò jiù zhí. ― He got his former job back.
       Nǐ de xīn fángzǐ hé nǐ de jiù fángzǐ bǐ qǐlái zěnyàng? [Pinyin]
       How does your new house compare with your old one?
* old; used; worn
       Dìtǎn jiù le, dàn hái néng yòng. [Pinyin]
       The carpet is worn but still serviceable.
       Wǒ zài gélóu shàng yǒu hǎojǐ xiāng jiù yīfú. [Pinyin]
       I've got boxes of old clothes in the attic.
* former; once-existing
    舊熱河省／旧热河省 ― jiù Rèhé shěng ― the former Rehe province
* old friend or friendship, or things in the past
    故舊／故旧 ― gùjiù ― old friend
    懷舊／怀旧 ― huáijiù ― to be nostalgic for the past
    念舊／念旧 ― niànjiù ― to cherish old friendships
    From: The School Sayings of Confucius, c. 206 BCE– 220 CE
    Kǒngzǐ zhī jiù yuē Yuán Rǎng. Qí mǔ sǐ, fūzǐ jiāng zhù zhī yǐ mùguǒ. [Pinyin]
    Confucius's old friend was named Yuan Rang. [Yuan Rang]'s mother died; the Master helped him get a wooden outer coffin.
* (dialectal) last; previous
    舊年／旧年 [Cantonese] ― gau$^6$ nin$^{4-2}$ [Jyutping] ― last year
    舊擺／旧摆 [Hokkien] ― kū-pái [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― last time

##### Synonyms

* 老 (lǎo, “old; aged”)

##### Antonyms

* 新 (xīn, “new”)

#### Compounds

* 一仍舊貫 / 一仍旧贯 (yīréng-jiùguàn)
* 一依舊式 / 一依旧式
* 一見如舊 / 一见如旧
* 一面如舊 / 一面如旧
* 不念舊惡 / 不念旧恶 (bùniànjiù'è)
* 仍舊 / 仍旧 (réngjiù)
* 依然如舊 / 依然如旧
* 依舊 / 依旧 (yījiù)
* 修舊利廢 / 修旧利废
* 光復舊京 / 光复旧京
* 光復舊物 / 光复旧物 (guāngfùjiùwù)
* 共敘舊姻 / 共叙旧姻
* 勛舊 / 勋旧
* 半新不舊 / 半新不旧 (bànxīn bùjiù)
* 半舊 / 半旧
* 半面之舊 / 半面之旧
* 原舊 / 原旧
* 厭舊喜新 / 厌旧喜新
* 厭舊貪新 / 厌旧贪新 (yànjiùtānxīn)
* 古文舊書 / 古文旧书
* 古舊 / 古旧 (gǔjiù)
* 吐舊容新 / 吐旧容新
* 吃舊鍋粥 / 吃旧锅粥
* 喜新厭舊 / 喜新厌旧 (xǐxīnyànjiù)
* 因循守舊 / 因循守旧 (yīnxúnshǒujiù)
* 如舊 / 如旧
* 姻舊 / 姻旧
* 守舊 / 守旧 (shǒujiù)
* 宿學舊儒 / 宿学旧儒
* 宿將舊卒 / 宿将旧卒
* 得新厭舊 / 得新厌旧
* 得新忘舊 / 得新忘旧
* 得新棄舊 / 得新弃旧
* 復舊 / 复旧
* 復舊如新 / 复旧如新
* 忘舊 / 忘旧
* 念舊 / 念旧 (niànjiù)
* 思舊 / 思旧
* 恩舊 / 恩旧
* 感舊 / 感旧
* 憐新棄舊 / 怜新弃旧
* 懷新思舊 / 怀新思旧
* 懷舊 / 怀旧 (huáijiù)
* 戀新忘舊 / 恋新忘旧
* 戀舊 / 恋旧 (liànjiù)
* 戚舊 / 戚旧
* 折舊 / 折旧 (zhéjiù)
* 故舊 / 故旧 (gùjiù)
* 故舊不棄 / 故旧不弃 (gùjiùbùqì)
* 敘舊 / 叙旧 (xùjiù)
* 新愁舊恨 / 新愁旧恨
* 新瓶舊酒 / 新瓶旧酒 (xīnpíngjiùjiǔ)
* 新舊交替 / 新旧交替
* 有舊 / 有旧 (yǒujiù)
* 朋友有舊 / 朋友有旧
* 棄舊圖新 / 弃旧图新 (qìjiùtúxīn)
* 棄舊憐新 / 弃旧怜新
* 棄舊換新 / 弃旧换新 (qìjiùhuànxīn)
* 武林舊事 / 武林旧事
* 歹銅舊錫 / 歹铜旧锡 (pháiⁿ-tâng-kū-siah) (Min Nan)
* 汰舊換新 / 汰旧换新 (tàijiùhuànxīn)
* 游舊 / 游旧
* 照舊 / 照旧 (zhàojiù)
* 物歸舊主 / 物归旧主
* 率由舊則 / 率由旧则
* 率由舊章 / 率由旧章
* 班荊道舊 / 班荆道旧
* 琵琶舊語 / 琵琶旧语
* 知舊 / 知旧
* 破四舊 / 破四旧 (pòsìjiù)
* 破舊 / 破旧 (pòjiù)
* 破舊立新 / 破旧立新
* 算舊帳 / 算旧帐
* 箇舊縣 / 个旧县
* 素舊 / 素旧
* 翻舊帳 / 翻旧帐
* 老舊 / 老旧 (lǎojiù)
* 老街舊鄰 / 老街旧邻
* 耆舊 / 耆旧
* 舊事 / 旧事 (jiùshì)
* 舊五代史 / 旧五代史
* 舊交 / 旧交 (jiùjiāo)
* 舊人 / 旧人
* 舊作 / 旧作
* 舊例 / 旧例 (jiùlì)
* 舊俗 / 旧俗
* 舊公煙 / 旧公烟
* 舊刊本 / 旧刊本
* 舊制 / 旧制 (jiùzhì)
* 舊友 / 旧友 (jiùyǒu)
* 舊口 / 旧口 (Jiùkǒu)
* 舊司 / 旧司 (Jiùsī)
* 舊唐書 / 旧唐书 (Jiùtángshū)
* 舊國 / 旧国 (jiùguó)
* 舊地 / 旧地 (jiùdì)
* 舊地重遊 / 旧地重游 (jiùdìchóngyóu)
* 舊址 / 旧址 (jiùzhǐ)
* 舊城 / 旧城 (jiùchéng)
* 舊型 / 旧型
* 舊夢重溫 / 旧梦重温
* 舊大陸 / 旧大陆 (Jiùdàlù)
* 舊好 / 旧好
* 舊字形 / 旧字形 (jiùzìxíng)
* 舊學 / 旧学
* 舊家 / 旧家 (jiùjiā)
* 舊家行徑 / 旧家行径
* 舊居 / 旧居 (jiùjū)
* 舊屬 / 旧属
* 舊帳 / 旧帐
* 舊年 / 旧年 (jiùnián)
* 舊式 / 旧式 (jiùshì)
* 舊德 / 旧德
* 舊念復萌 / 旧念复萌
* 舊怨 / 旧怨 (jiùyuàn)
* 舊性 / 旧性
* 舊恨 / 旧恨 (jiùhèn)
* 舊恨新愁 / 旧恨新愁
* 舊惡 / 旧恶 (jiù'è)
* 舊情 / 旧情 (jiùqíng)
* 舊愛宿恩 / 旧爱宿恩
* 舊愁新恨 / 旧愁新恨
* 舊態復萌 / 旧态复萌
* 舊手 / 旧手
* 舊攤子 / 旧摊子
* 舊故 / 旧故 (jiùgù)
* 舊教 / 旧教 (jiùjiào)
* 舊族 / 旧族
* 舊日 / 旧日 (jiùrì)
* 舊時 / 旧时 (jiùshí)
* 舊時風味 / 旧时风味
* 舊曆 / 旧历 (jiùlì)
* 舊曆年 / 旧历年 (jiùlìnián)
* 舊書 / 旧书 (jiùshū)
* 舊書攤 / 旧书摊
* 舊案 / 旧案 (jiù'àn)
* 舊業 / 旧业 (jiùyè)
* 舊歲 / 旧岁
* 舊派 / 旧派 (jiùpài)
* 舊燕歸巢 / 旧燕归巢
* 舊版 / 旧版 (jiùbǎn)
* 舊物 / 旧物 (jiùwù)
* 舊瓶新酒 / 旧瓶新酒
* 舊病 / 旧病 (jiùbìng)
* 舊症 / 旧症
* 舊疾復發 / 旧疾复发
* 舊病難醫 / 旧病难医
* 舊瘡疤 / 旧疮疤
* 舊皇曆 / 旧皇历
* 舊相識 / 旧相识
* 舊票 / 旧票
* 舊稱 / 旧称 (jiùchēng)
* 舊管 / 旧管
* 舊約 / 旧约 (jiùyuē)
* 舊約全書 / 旧约全书 (Jiùyuē Quánshū)
* 舊縣 / 旧县 (Jiùxiàn)
* 舊習 / 旧习 (jiùxí)
* 舊聞 / 旧闻 (jiùwén)
* 舊臣 / 旧臣 (jiùchén)
* 舊街 / 旧街 (Jiùjiē)
* 舊規 / 旧规
* 舊觀 / 旧观 (jiùguān)
* 舊話 / 旧话
* 舊詩 / 旧诗
* 舊誼 / 旧谊
* 舊調重彈 / 旧调重弹 (jiùdiàochóngtán)
* 舊譜子 / 旧谱子
* 舊識新交 / 旧识新交
* 舊貫 / 旧贯
* 舊貨 / 旧货 (jiùhuò)
* 舊貨攤 / 旧货摊 (jiùhuòtān)
* 舊跡 / 旧迹 (jiùjì)
* 舊道 / 旧道
* 舊遊 / 旧游
* 舊邦 / 旧邦
* 舊都 / 旧都 (jiùdū)
* 舊金山 / 旧金山 (Jiùjīnshān)
* 舊雨 / 旧雨 (jiùyǔ)
* 舊雨新知 / 旧雨新知 (jiùyǔxīnzhī)
* 話舊 / 话旧 (huàjiù)
* 迎新送舊 / 迎新送旧
* 送舊迎新 / 送旧迎新
* 重修舊好 / 重修旧好 (chóngxiūjiùhǎo)
* 重拾舊歡 / 重拾旧欢
* 重操舊業 / 重操旧业 (chóngcāojiùyè)
* 重溫舊夢 / 重温旧梦
* 重溫舊業 / 重温旧业
* 釣遊舊地 / 钓游旧地
* 除舊布新 / 除旧布新 (chújiùbùxīn)
* 除舊更新 / 除旧更新
* 陳舊 / 陈旧 (chénjiù)
* 青氈舊物 / 青毡旧物
* 革舊 / 革旧
* 革舊鼎新 / 革旧鼎新

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 舊 – see 嚿 (“hundred dollars/yuan; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 嚿).

### References

* “舊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “Entry #12587”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 旧 |
| Kyūjitai | 舊 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 旧)
* old

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぐ (gu)
* Kan-on: きゅう (kyū)
* Kan’yō-on: く (ku)
* Kun: ふるい (furui, 舊い)、もと (moto, 舊)、ふるびる (furubiru, 舊びる)

### Definitions

* Kanji in this term
* 舊
* きゅう Hyōgai
* kan'on
* Kanji in this term
* 舊
* ふる Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 舊 – see the following entry. :
| 【旧】5 | [kanji] fifth grade kanji Kanji reading: ぐ, きゅう, く, ふるい, もと |
(This term, 舊, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

舊 (eumhun 예 구 (ye gu))
* hanja form of 구 (“former”)

#### Compounds

* 친구 (親舊, chin'gu, “friend”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

舊: Hán Nôm readings: cựu, lâu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.