# जाल
## Hindi
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit जाल (jāla). Cognate with Bengali জাল (jal), Marathi जाळे (jāḷe), Punjabi ਜਾਲ਼ (jāḷ), Sinhalese දැල (dæla).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /d͡ʒɑːl/, [d͡ʒäːl]

### Noun

जाल • (jāl) m (Urdu spelling جال)
* net
* web, spider web
    Synonym: जाला (jālā)
* (figuratively) trap, snare
* (computing) net, network, web

#### Descendants

* → Persian:
    Dari: جَال (jāl)

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “जाल”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Platts, John T. (1884) “जाल”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* জাল (Assamese script)
* ᬚᬵᬮ (Balinese script)
* জাল (Bengali script)
* 𑰕𑰯𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀚𑀸𑀮 (Brahmi script)
* ဇာလ (Burmese script)
* જાલ (Gujarati script)
* ਜਾਲ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌜𑌾𑌲 (Grantha script)
* ꦗꦴꦭ (Javanese script)
* 𑂔𑂰𑂪 (Kaithi script)
* ಜಾಲ (Kannada script)
* ជាល (Khmer script)
* ຊາລ (Lao script)
* ജാല (Malayalam script)
* ᡯᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘕𑘰𑘩 (Modi script)
* ᠽᠠᢗᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦵𑧑𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐖𑐵𑐮 (Newa script)
* ଜାଲ (Odia script)
* ꢙꢵꢭ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆘𑆳𑆬 (Sharada script)
* 𑖕𑖯𑖩 (Siddham script)
* ජාල (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩣𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚑𑚭𑚥 (Takri script)
* ஜால (Tamil script)
* జాల (Telugu script)
* ชาล (Thai script)
* ཛཱ་ལ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒖𑒰𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨥𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /d͡ʑɑ́ː.lɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈd͡ʑɑː.l̪ɐ/

### Etymology 1

Of unclear origin. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to braid, twist”) and connected to गरल (garala, “a bundle of grass or hay”) and जटा (jaṭā, “braid of hair”). Kuiper, however, claims Proto-Munda origin for जाल (jāla) and जटा (jaṭā). Alternatively, Forssman suggests a connection with Ancient Greek βάλλω (bállō, “to throw”).

#### Noun

जाल • (jā́la) stem, n
* a net (for catching birds, fish etc.)
* a hairnet
* a net (figurative), snare
* (anatomy) the omentum
* a cobweb
* any reticulated or woven texture, wire-net, mail-coat, wire-helmet
* a lattice, eyelet
* a lattice window
* the finger and toe-membrane of divine beings and godlike personages
* a lion’s mane
* a bundle of buds
* collection multitude
* deception, illusion magic
* pride
* jāta, kind, species

##### Descendants

* Gandhari: 𐨗𐨫 (jala)
* Pali: jāla
* → Malay: jala
** Indonesian: jala
** → Pattani Malay: ยาลอ (jalɔ) (learned)
** →? Rade: jal
** → Tagalog: dala
** → Thai: ยะลา (yá-laa)
** → Urak Lawoi': ยฺาลา (jala) (learned)
* → Old Javanese: jāla
** Javanese: ꦗꦭ (jala)
** → Balinese: ᬚᬮ (jala)

### Etymology 2

Vṛddhi derivative of जल (jalá).

#### Adjective

जाल • (jāla) stem
* watery

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Is this related to Etymology 1 above? Etymological dictionaries don't seem to mention it.”

#### Noun

जाल • (jāla) stem, m
* a tree of species Neolamarckia cadamba (syn. Nauclea cadamba)
* a small cucumber

##### Declension
### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “जाल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 419, column 3.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 588
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 431