# paska
## English
### Etymology

From Ukrainian па́ска (páska) and Russian па́ска (páska), borrowing from Ancient Greek πάσκα (páska), phonetic variant of πάσχα (páskha), from Aramaic פסחא (pasḥa), from Hebrew פֶּסַח (pesaḥ). Doublet of Pesach.

### Noun

paska (countable and uncountable, plural paskas)
* (Canada) A traditional Ukrainian egg bread, often decorated, used in Easter traditions.
* Alternative form of paskha

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Kaaps, kapas

## Chickasaw
### Etymology

Cognate to Choctaw paska (“bread; to make bread”), Creek apáski (“parched meal”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pas.ka/

### Noun

paska (alienable)
* bread, a loaf of bread
** 1984, Pamela Munro, cited in External possession (eds. Doris Payne and Immanuel Barshi), p. 121:
    Ofi'-at ihoo-ā paska im-apa-tok. dog-NOM woman-OBL bread 3SG:REC-eat-PAST 'The dog ate the woman's bread.'(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* biscuits

#### Inflection

| Nouns in vowel-, b-, or p- | Singular | Plural | Inclusive Tri-Plural |
| 1st-person ("my, our") | ampaska am-paska | pompaska pom-paska | hapompaska hapom-paska |
| 2nd-person ("thy, your") | chimpaska chim-paska | hachimpaska hachim-paska | hachimpaska hachim-paska |
| 3rd-person ("his, her, its, their") | impaska im-paska | impaska im-paska | impaska im-paska |

#### Derived terms

* oshpaanimpaska
* pakka
* paska banaa'
* paska bosholli'
* paska champoli'
* paska chilili'
* paska hakshop
* paska hawashko'
* paska holiito'pa'
* paska hoshollo'
* paska ikbi'
* paska ishbilamachi'
* paska ishshatabli'
* paska kallo'
* paska latassa'
* paska nipi' ittalatta'a'
* paska shatabli'
* paska shila'
* paska toba'
* paska toshafa'
* paska toshahli'
* paskaa-alhposha'
* paskaaikbi'
* paskaalhto'
* paskaanonachi'
* paskaaposhli'
* paskalhfola'
* paskalhposha'
* paskawaalhaali'
* paskinkano'miksho'
* paskishkatolhlhi'
* paskishtonton'kalhchi'
* paskokchamali'

### Verb

paska (active, in/transitive)
* to make bread (I)
* to make baked goods (I;3)
* to make into bread (I;II)

#### Inflection

| Verbs beginning with a consonant. | Singular | Plural | Inclusive Tri-Plural |
| 1st-person (I, we) | paskali paska-li | iipaska / iliipaska / liipaska ii-paska / ilii-paska / lii-paska | iloopaska iloo-paska |
| 2nd-person (you, you all) | ishpaska ish-paska | hashpaska hash-paska | hashpaska hash-paska |
| 3rd-person (he, she, it, they) | paska | (hoo)paska (hoo-)paska | (hoo)paska (hoo-)paska |

#### Derived terms

* pá'ska

## Estonian
### Noun

paska
* partitive singular of pask
* illative singular of pask

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paska, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *pućka (with irregular vowel development). Cognate with Estonian pask, Northern Sami baika, Erzya пскиземс (pskiźems, “to have diarrhea”), Eastern Mari пушкедаш (puškedaš, “to defecate”), Hungarian fos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑskɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝s̠kɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑskɑ
* Hyphenation: pas‧ka

### Noun

paska
* (dated or vulgar) shit, crap, turd (excrement)
    Synonyms: kakka, kakki, pee, uloste
    Astuin koiranpaskaan.I stepped in dog shit.
* (vulgar) bullshit, crap, shit, nonsense (false or exaggerated statements made to impress and deceive the listener rather than inform)
    Synonyms: hevonpaska, paskapuhe, roska, schaissa, soopa
    puhua paskaa ― to bullshit
* (vulgar) piece of shit, crap (bad thing, something of poor quality)
    Synonyms: moska, romu, schaissa
    Vie tämä paska takaisin sinne, mistä ostit sen.Take this piece of shit back where you bought it.
* (vulgar) Synonym of paskiainen (“piece of shit, sense despicable person”)
    Sinä olet täysi paska.You are a complete piece of shit.
* (vulgar, chiefly in the negative) shit, jack shit (nothing, lack of anything of value) (with -kaan)
    Synonym: mitään
    Et tiedä politiikasta paskaakaan.You don't know jack shit about politics.
    En välitä paskaakaan siitä, mitä ajattelet.I don't give a shit (about) what you think.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of paska (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
paskani
paskani
accusative
nom.
paskani
paskani
gen.
paskani
genitive
paskani
paskojeni paskaini $^{rare}$
partitive
paskaani
paskojani
inessive
paskassani
paskoissani
elative
paskastani
paskoistani
illative
paskaani
paskoihini
adessive
paskallani
paskoillani
ablative
paskaltani
paskoiltani
allative
paskalleni
paskoilleni
essive
paskanani
paskoinani
translative
paskakseni
paskoikseni
abessive
paskattani
paskoittani
instructive
comitative
—paskoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
paskasi
paskasi
accusative
nom.
paskasi
paskasi
gen.
paskasi
genitive
paskasi
paskojesi paskaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
paskaasi
paskojasi
inessive
paskassasi
paskoissasi
elative
paskastasi
paskoistasi
illative
paskaasi
paskoihisi
adessive
paskallasi
paskoillasi
ablative
paskaltasi
paskoiltasi
allative
paskallesi
paskoillesi
essive
paskanasi
paskoinasi
translative
paskaksesi
paskoiksesi
abessive
paskattasi
paskoittasi
instructive
comitative
—paskoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
paskamme
paskamme
accusative
nom.
paskamme
paskamme
gen.
paskamme
genitive
paskamme
paskojemme paskaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
paskaamme
paskojamme
inessive
paskassamme
paskoissamme
elative
paskastamme
paskoistamme
illative
paskaamme
paskoihimme
adessive
paskallamme
paskoillamme
ablative
paskaltamme
paskoiltamme
allative
paskallemme
paskoillemme
essive
paskanamme
paskoinamme
translative
paskaksemme
paskoiksemme
abessive
paskattamme
paskoittamme
instructive
comitative
—paskoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
paskanne
paskanne
accusative
nom.
paskanne
paskanne
gen.
paskanne
genitive
paskanne
paskojenne paskainne $^{rare}$
partitive
paskaanne
paskojanne
inessive
paskassanne
paskoissanne
elative
paskastanne
paskoistanne
illative
paskaanne
paskoihinne
adessive
paskallanne
paskoillanne
ablative
paskaltanne
paskoiltanne
allative
paskallenne
paskoillenne
essive
paskananne
paskoinanne
translative
paskaksenne
paskoiksenne
abessive
paskattanne
paskoittanne
instructive
comitative
—paskoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
paskansa
paskansa
accusative
nom.
paskansa
paskansa
gen.
paskansa
genitive
paskansa
paskojensa paskainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
paskaansa
paskojaan paskojansa
inessive
paskassaan paskassansa
paskoissaan paskoissansa
elative
paskastaan paskastansa
paskoistaan paskoistansa
illative
paskaansa
paskoihinsa
adessive
paskallaan paskallansa
paskoillaan paskoillansa
ablative
paskaltaan paskaltansa
paskoiltaan paskoiltansa
allative
paskalleen paskallensa
paskoilleen paskoillensa
essive
paskanaan paskanansa
paskoinaan paskoinansa
translative
paskakseen paskaksensa
paskoikseen paskoiksensa
abessive
paskattaan paskattansa
paskoittaan paskoittansa
instructive
comitative
—paskoineen paskoinensa :

### Adjective

paska (comparative paskempi, superlative paskin) (vulgar)
* shitty, crappy (bad, sick, or depressed)
    Hän on paskassa kunnossa.He is in a shitty condition.
* crappy, shitty, lousy, tatty (of poor quality)
    Tuo on paska auto.That is a crappy car.
* (in essive or translative) fucked (broken)
    Tietokoneeni on paskana.My computer is fucked.
    Tietokoneeni meni paskaksi.My computer broke down.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of paska (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
paskani
paskani
accusative
nom.
paskani
paskani
gen.
paskani
genitive
paskani
paskojeni paskaini $^{rare}$
partitive
paskaani
paskojani
inessive
paskassani
paskoissani
elative
paskastani
paskoistani
illative
paskaani
paskoihini
adessive
paskallani
paskoillani
ablative
paskaltani
paskoiltani
allative
paskalleni
paskoilleni
essive
paskanani
paskoinani
translative
paskakseni
paskoikseni
abessive
paskattani
paskoittani
instructive
comitative
—paskoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
paskasi
paskasi
accusative
nom.
paskasi
paskasi
gen.
paskasi
genitive
paskasi
paskojesi paskaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
paskaasi
paskojasi
inessive
paskassasi
paskoissasi
elative
paskastasi
paskoistasi
illative
paskaasi
paskoihisi
adessive
paskallasi
paskoillasi
ablative
paskaltasi
paskoiltasi
allative
paskallesi
paskoillesi
essive
paskanasi
paskoinasi
translative
paskaksesi
paskoiksesi
abessive
paskattasi
paskoittasi
instructive
comitative
—paskoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
paskamme
paskamme
accusative
nom.
paskamme
paskamme
gen.
paskamme
genitive
paskamme
paskojemme paskaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
paskaamme
paskojamme
inessive
paskassamme
paskoissamme
elative
paskastamme
paskoistamme
illative
paskaamme
paskoihimme
adessive
paskallamme
paskoillamme
ablative
paskaltamme
paskoiltamme
allative
paskallemme
paskoillemme
essive
paskanamme
paskoinamme
translative
paskaksemme
paskoiksemme
abessive
paskattamme
paskoittamme
instructive
comitative
—paskoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
paskanne
paskanne
accusative
nom.
paskanne
paskanne
gen.
paskanne
genitive
paskanne
paskojenne paskainne $^{rare}$
partitive
paskaanne
paskojanne
inessive
paskassanne
paskoissanne
elative
paskastanne
paskoistanne
illative
paskaanne
paskoihinne
adessive
paskallanne
paskoillanne
ablative
paskaltanne
paskoiltanne
allative
paskallenne
paskoillenne
essive
paskananne
paskoinanne
translative
paskaksenne
paskoiksenne
abessive
paskattanne
paskoittanne
instructive
comitative
—paskoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
paskansa
paskansa
accusative
nom.
paskansa
paskansa
gen.
paskansa
genitive
paskansa
paskojensa paskainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
paskaansa
paskojaan paskojansa
inessive
paskassaan paskassansa
paskoissaan paskoissansa
elative
paskastaan paskastansa
paskoistaan paskoistansa
illative
paskaansa
paskoihinsa
adessive
paskallaan paskallansa
paskoillaan paskoillansa
ablative
paskaltaan paskaltansa
paskoiltaan paskoiltansa
allative
paskalleen paskallensa
paskoilleen paskoillensa
essive
paskanaan paskanansa
paskoinaan paskoinansa
translative
paskakseen paskaksensa
paskoikseen paskoiksensa
abessive
paskattaan paskattansa
paskoittaan paskoittansa
instructive
comitative
—paskoineen paskoinensa :

#### Synonyms

* (bad, sick or depressed): kurja, surkea
* (broken): rikki, surkea
* (of poor quality): huonolaatuinen, surkea

#### Derived terms

* ajaa paskaa
* ei paska punniten parane
* haista paska
* jauhaa paskaa
* multipaskaus
* paska juttu
* paskainen
* paskamainen
* paskantaa
* paskasti
* paskattaa
* paskiainen
* paskoa
* paskuus
* puhua paskaa
* hevonpaska
* hevosenpaska
* hyttysenpaska
* hätäpaska
* kananpaska
* kateenpaska
* kissanpaska
* koiranpaska
* krapulapaska
* kyykkypaska
* lokinpaska
* niskapaska
* paskaduuni
* paskahalvaus
* paskahousu
* paskahuusi
* paskahuussi
* paskalakki
* paskamyrsky
* paskanaama
* paskanmarjat
* paskanpuhuja
* paskantärkeä
* paskapaperi
* paskapostata
* paskapostaus
* paskapuhe
* paskapää
* paskatyö
* Passoja
* ripulipaska
* sysipaska

### Interjection

paska (vulgar)
* (often in the plural) shit!, fuck!
    Voi paskat! Unohdin maksaa parkkisakon.Oh, shit! I forgot to pay that parking ticket.

### Further reading

* “paska”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## Gothic
### Romanization

paska
* Romanization of 𐍀𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paska. Cognates include Finnish paska and Estonian pask.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈpɑskɑ/, [ˈpɑs̠k]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈpɑskɑ/, [ˈpɑʃkɑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑsk, -ɑskɑ
* Hyphenation: pas‧ka

### Noun

paska
* diarrhoea (watery excrement)
* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!
* slag, scum (layer of impurity)

### Adjective

paska (comparative pasemp)
* bad, bratty
    paska laps ― bratty child

#### Derived terms

* paskain

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 388

## Polish
### Etymology

From Pascha +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Przemyśl) IPA: [ˈpas.ka]

### Noun

paska f
* (Przemyśl) Easter wheat bread

### Further reading

* Aleksander Saloni (1899) “paska”, in “Lud wiejski w okolicy Przeworska”, in M. Arct, E. Lubowski, editors, Wisła : miesięcznik gieograficzno-etnograficzny (in Polish), volume 13, Warsaw: Artur Gruszecki, page 242

## Quechua
### Alternative forms

* phaska

### Noun

paska
* solution

#### See also

* paskay

## Turkish
### Alternative forms

* pasha, pasḫa, paçğa
* paḉḫa, paçḫa (Hemşin)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Laz ფაცხა (paʒxa). In some dialects, from Georgian ფაცხა (pacxa).

### Noun

paska
* (Rize, Artvin, Hemşin, Sinop, Samsun, Ordu, Giresun) a kind of hut
    Hypernym: kulübe
* (Artvin) a ruined old building
* (Rize, Artvin, Hemşin) a large basket
    Hypernym: sepet

### References

* “paska (I)”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), volume 9, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1977, page 3404b
* “paska (II)”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), volume 9, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1977, page 3404b
* “paçğa”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), volume 12, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1982, page 4632b
* Aleksiva, Irfan Çağatay (2018) “Derleme Sözlüğü'nde Lazca Unsurlar [Laz Elements in the “Dictionary of Word Collection”]”, in Türk Dili Araştırmaları Yıllığı - Belleten (in Turkish), volume 66, number 1, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, pages 126–127
* Artvinli, Taner (2022) “pasxa”, in Artvin Etimoloji Sözlüğü (in Turkish), Istanbul: Telemak Kitap, →ISBN, page 413ab
* Bläsing, Uwe (2006) “Türkiye Türkçesinin söz varlığından bir örnek: Kafkas dillerinden ödünç bazı sözcükler”, in Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları‎ (in Turkish), number 16, pages 148–149
* Chirikba, Viacheslav V. (2006) “Abkhaz Loans in Megrelian”, in Iran and the Caucasus‎, volume 10, number 1, pages 46–47
* Ertürk, Harun (2015) “pasḫa”, in Artvin ili Yusufeli ilçesi Demirkent (Erkinis) köyü ağzı [Turkish dialect of the village Demirkent (Erkinis) in the county Yusufeli of Artvin province]‎ (in Turkish), Master's thesis, Muğla: Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, page 216b
* Şenol, Sevgi (2015) “pasḫa”, in Ardanuç Ağzı: Inceleme, Derlemeler, Sözlük (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Bursa: Rota Barışçı, →ISBN, page 501a
* Uzunhasanoğlu, Hasan (2018) “paḉxa”, in Irfan Çağatay Aleksiva, editor, Titer: Hemşin Türkçesi Sözlüğü (in Turkish), Istanbul: Lazi Kültür, page 172