# 藝術
## Chinese

* 藝術 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 藝術 (Cantonese)
* 藝術 (Gan)
* ngi-su̍t (Hakka)
* gē-su̍t (Southern Min)
* 艺术 (Wu)

### Etymology

Attestable in Literary Chinese. Popularised from Japanese 芸術 (geijutsu). "Art" in the modern sense was expressed in Classical Chinese as the single character 藝／艺 (yì), for example 書藝／书艺 (shūyì, “the art of writing; calligraphy”), or its near-synonym 道 (dào, “way”), for example 茶道 (chádào, “the way of tea; tea ceremony”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yìshù, yìshu
       (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ ㄕㄨˋ, ㄧˋ ˙ㄕㄨ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йишу (yišu, II-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai$^6$ seot$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngi-su̍t
    (Hailu, HRS): ngi$^˖$ sud$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngiê-sŭk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gē-su̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ghoi$^7$ sug$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gni-zeq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yìshù → yìshu (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ㄕㄨˋ → ㄧˋ ˙ㄕㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yìshů
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$-shu$^5$
*** Yale: yì-shu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih.shuh
*** Palladius: ишу (išu)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/ → /i⁵¹ ʂu¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yìshu
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ˙ㄕㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yìshů
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$-shu$^5$
*** Yale: yì-shu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih.shu
*** Palladius: ишу (išu)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹ ʂu¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йишу (yišu, II-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹ ʂou²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngai$^6$ seot$^6$
*** Yale: ngaih seuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngai$^6$ soet$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngei$^6$ sêd$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐi̯²² sɵt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngi-su̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngi sud
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngi$^4$ sud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi⁵⁵ sut̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngi$^˖$ sud$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi³³ sut²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiê-sŭk
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋie²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(s-)}$luʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gē-su̍t
*** Tâi-lô: gē-su̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gexsut
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡe²²⁻²¹ sut̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡe⁴¹⁻²² sut̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡe²²⁻²¹ sut̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡe³³⁻¹¹ sut̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡe³³⁻²¹ sut̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ghoi$^7$ sug$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gōi su̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /ɡoi¹¹ suk̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gni-zeq
*** MiniDict: nyi$^去$ zeh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyi-zeq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²² zəʔ⁴⁴/

### Noun

藝術
* art; art form
    藝術批評家／艺术批评家 ― yìshù pīpíngjiā ― art critic
    藝術策展人／艺术策展人 ― yìshù cèzhǎnrén ― art curator
    搞藝術／搞艺术 ― gǎo yìshù ― to do art
    藝術風格／艺术风格 ― yìshù fēnggé ― artistic style
    藝術修養／艺术修养 ― yìshù xiūyǎng ― artistic training
    藝術表現形式／艺术表现形式 ― yìshù biǎoxiàn xíngshì ― forms of artistic expression
    繁榮文學藝術／繁荣文学艺术 ― fánróng wénxué yìshù ― to enable literature and art to flourish
       Zài xiàndài shèhuì zhōng, yìshù qǐ dào le zěnyàng de zuòyòng? [Pinyin]
       What role does art play in modern societies?
       Míngcháo hé Qīngcháo shì zhuànkè yìshù de liǎng duàn huángjīnshíqī. [Pinyin]
       The Ming and Qing dynasties were golden periods for the art of seal cutting.
    From: 朱自清《沉默》
    Chénmò shì yī zhǒng chǔshì zhéxué, yòng de hǎo shí, yòu shì yī zhǒng yìshù. [Pinyin]
    Silence in social conduct is a kind of philosophy and an art form when used well.

#### Derived terms

* 人體藝術 / 人体艺术 (réntǐ yìshù)
* 應用藝術 / 应用艺术 (yìngyòng yìshù)
* 視覺藝術 / 视觉艺术 (shìjué yìshù)
* 藝術作品 / 艺术作品 (yìshù zuòpǐn)
* 藝術區 / 艺术区 (yìshùqū)
* 藝術史 / 艺术史 (yìshùshǐ)
* 藝術品 / 艺术品 (yìshùpǐn)
* 藝術團 / 艺术团
* 藝術學校 / 艺术学校 (yìshù xuéxiào)
* 藝術家 / 艺术家 (yìshùjiā)
* 藝術展 / 艺术展 (yìshùzhǎn)
* 藝術性 / 艺术性 (yìshùxìng)
* 藝術思維 / 艺术思维
* 藝術照 / 艺术照 (yìshùzhào)
* 藝術片 / 艺术片
* 藝術體操 / 艺术体操 (yìshù tǐcāo)
* 行為藝術 / 行为艺术 (xíngwéi yìshù)
* 街頭藝術 / 街头艺术 (jiētóu yìshù)
* 表演藝術 / 表演艺术 (biǎoyǎn yìshù)
* 裝飾派藝術 / 装饰派艺术 (zhuāngshìpài yìshù)
* 裝飾藝術 / 装饰艺术 (zhuāngshì yìshù)
* 語言藝術 / 语言艺术 (yǔyán yìshù)
* 造型藝術 / 造型艺术 (zàoxíng yìshù)

#### See also

* 美術／美术 (měishù)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 藝 | 術 |
| げい Jinmeiyō | じゅつ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 藝術 – see the following entry. :
| 【芸術げいじゅつ】 | [noun] the arts |
(This term, 藝術, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 藝 | 術 |

### Noun

藝術 • (yesul) (hangeul 예술)
* hanja form of 예술 (“art”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 藝 | 術 |

### Noun

藝術
* chữ Hán form of nghệ thuật (“art”).