# 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿
## Old Persian
### Etymology

Uncertain; possibly:
* related to Sanskrit पर्शु (Parśu), the name of a warrior tribe, (see below)
* or Sanskrit परशु (paraśu, “hatchet, axe”),
* or from Proto-Iranian *párcuš (“rib”), compare Sanskrit पर्शु (parśu, “rib; sickle”), पार्श्व (pārśva, “the region of the ribs, immediate neighbourhood”).

### Noun

𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa) m
* a Persian

### Proper noun

𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa) m
* Persia, Persis
* Persepolis

#### Descendants

(taking Old Persian as representative of all Old Iranian)
* Middle Persian:
    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩 (pʾlsy), 𐭯𐭠𐭥𐭮𐭩 (pʾrsy /⁠Pārs⁠/)
*   * Persian: پارس (pârs)
*   * → Arabic: فَارِس (fāris)
*   ** → Portuguese: alferes
*   *** Malay: alperes, alferes
*   *** Indonesian: alferes
*   ** → Spanish: alférez
*   *** → English: alferes
*   *** → Italian: alfiere
*   *** → Tagalog: alperes
*   * → Early Middle Chinese: 波斯 (pa-si)
*   * → Parthian: (/⁠Pārs⁠/)
       Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘 (pʾrs)
       Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭐𐭀𐭓𐭎 (pʾrs)
*   * → Sogdian:
       Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (pʾrs /⁠Pārs⁠/)
* → Akkadian:
    Late Babylonian: 𒉺𒅈𒊓𒀀𒀀 (pa-ar-sa-a-a /⁠Parsāya⁠/), 𒉺𒅈𒋢 (pa-ar-su /⁠Parsu⁠/), 𒌓𒊑𒊓𒀀 (par-ri-sa-a /⁠Parisā⁠/), 𒌓𒊓 (par-sa /⁠Parsa⁠/), 𒌓𒊓𒀀𒀀 (par-sa-a-a /⁠Parsāya⁠/), 𒌓𒋢 (par-su /⁠Parsu⁠/), 𒌓𒍪 (par-sú /⁠Parsu⁠/)
* → Aramaic:
    Biblical Aramaic: פָּרָס (pārās)
    Imperial Aramaic: 𐡐𐡓𐡎 (prs), 𐡐𐡓𐡎𐡉 (prsy)
** → Hebrew: פָּרָס (parás)
* → Egyptian:
    Late Egyptian: (prs), (prs), (prsꜣ), (prwsꜣ)
    Demotic: ⁠⁠ (prs)
* → Elamite:
    Achaemenid Elamite: 𒁀𒅕𒐼 (ba-ir-šá /⁠Bairša⁠/), 𒁇𒌍 (bar-šip /⁠Baršip⁠/), 𒁇𒋤 (bar-šir₈ /⁠Baršir⁠/), 𒁀𒅕𒆪 (ba-ir-da /⁠Bairda⁠/), 𒁀𒅕𒆜𒐼 (ba-ir-iš-šá /⁠Bairiša⁠/), 𒁀𒅕𒊓𒀭 (ba-ir-sa-an /⁠Bairsan⁠/), 𒁀𒅕𒐼𒀭 (ba-ir-šá-an /⁠Bairšan⁠/), 𒁀𒅕𒃻𒀾 (ba-ir-šá-áš /⁠Bairšaš⁠/), 𒁀𒅕𒐼𒆜 (ba-ir-šá-iš /⁠Bairšaiš⁠/), 𒁀𒅕𒐼𒌝 (ba-ir-šá-um /⁠Bairšaum⁠/), 𒁀𒅕𒍝 (ba-ir-za /⁠Bairza⁠/), 𒁀𒊏𒊏𒆜𒐼𒀭 (ba-ra-iš-šá-an /⁠Baraišan⁠/), 𒁇𒃻𒀭 (bar-šá-an /⁠Baršan⁠/), 𒁇𒋤𒌇𒁁 (bar-šir₈-ráš-be /⁠Barširášbe⁠/)
* → Ancient Greek: Περσίς (Persís)
** → Latin: Persia, Persis
* → Lycian: 𐊓𐊀𐊕𐊈𐊀 (parza), 𐊓𐊀𐊕𐊈𐊈𐊀 (parzza)
* → Old Armenian: պարսք (parskʻ)

### References

* ↑ Hoffmann, K. (1940) “Vedische Namen”, in Wörter und Sachen, volume 21, page 142
* ↑ Eilers, W. (1954) “Der Name Demawend”, in Archiv Orientalni, volume XXII, →ISBN, page 357
* ↑ Eilers, Wilhelm (1987) Iranische Ortsnamenstudien (Sitzungsberichte (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse); 465), Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, page 49
* ↑ Skalmowski, W. (1995) “Old Persian Parθava”, in Van Lerberghe, K., Schoors, A., editors, Immigration and Emigration within the Ancient Near East. Festschrift E. Lipiński (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta), Leuven: Peeters Publishers, page 311
* 1 2 3 4 Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 28
* ↑ Posener, Georges (1936) La première domination perse en Égypte: Recueil d’inscriptions hiéroglyphiques
* ↑ Jona Lendering, Susa, Statue of Darius, Subject R12, sg?shkš (OP Sâka = Scythians), Livius.org