# 大黑天
## Chinese

* 大黑天

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dàhēitiān
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄟ ㄊㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daai$^6$ hak$^1$ tin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàhēitiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄟ ㄊㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàheitian
*** Wade–Giles: ta$^4$-hei$^1$-tʻien$^1$
*** Yale: dà-hēi-tyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dahheitian
*** Palladius: дахэйтянь (daxɛjtjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tä⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàhēitiānr
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄟ ㄊㄧㄢㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàheitianr
*** Wade–Giles: ta$^4$-hei$^1$-tʻien$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: dà-hēi-tyānr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dahheitial
*** Palladius: дахэйтяньр (daxɛjtjanʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /tä⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daai$^6$ hak$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Yale: daaih hāk tīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daai$^6$ hak$^7$ tin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dai$^6$ heg$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːi̯²² hɐk̚⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dajH|daH xok then
Rime :
| Character | 大 | 大 | 黑 | 天 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 定 (7) | 曉 (32) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (25) | 歌 (94) | 德 (131) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | I | IV |
| Fanqie | 徒蓋切 | 唐佐切 | 呼北切 | 他前切 |
| Baxter | dajH | daH | xok | then |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /hək̚/ | /tʰen/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /hək̚/ | /tʰen/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /xək̚/ | /tʰɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daj$^H$/ | /da$^H$/ | /hək̚/ | /tʰɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /xək̚/ | /tʰen/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /xək̚/ | /tʰien/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑi$^H$/ | /dʱɑ$^H$/ | /xək̚/ | /tʰien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dài | duò | he | tiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daai$^6$ | do$^6$ | hak$^1$ | tin$^1$ |

### Etymology 1

Calque of Sanskrit महाकाल (mahākāla, literally “Great Time”). Compare Tibetan ནག་པོ་ཆེན་པོ (nag po chen po, literally “Great Black One”).

#### Proper noun

大黑天
* (Buddhism, Hinduism, Shinto) Mahakala
    Synonym: 濕婆／湿婆 (Shīpó)

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 大黒天(だいこくてん) (Daikokuten)
* → Korean: 대흑천(大黑天) (Daeheukcheon)
* → Vietnamese: Đại Hắc Thiên (大黑天)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

大黑天
* (colloquial, usually in negative imperative sentences) (such a) dark midnight
    Antonym: 大白天 (dàbáitiān)

### Further reading

* Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “大黑天” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 黑 | 天 |
| だい Grade: 1 | こく Jinmeiyō | てん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi |||
For pronunciation and definitions of 大黑天 – see the following entry. :
| 【大黒天だいこくてん】 | [proper noun] (Buddhism, Shinto) Daikokuten, Japanese name for the Buddhist god Mahākāla |
(This term, 大黑天, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 大 | 黑 | 天 |

### Proper noun

大黑天 • (Daeheukcheon) (hangeul 대흑천)
* hanja form of 대흑천 (“Mahakala”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 大 | 黑 | 天 |

### Proper noun

大黑天
* chữ Hán form of Đại Hắc Thiên (“Mahakala”).