# 耳提面命
## Chinese

| | | ear | to carry; to lift; to put forwardto carry; to lift; to put forward; (upwards character stroke); lifting (brush stroke in painting); to mention; carry (suspended) | face; side; surfaceface; side; surface; aspect; top | life; fate |
| trad. (耳提面命) | trad. (耳提面命) | 耳 | 提 | 面 | 命 |
| simp. $^#$(耳提面命) | simp. $^#$(耳提面命) | 耳 | 提 | 面 | 命 |
| Literally: “hold one by the ear in their presence and give instructions”. ||||||

### Etymology

From the Classic of Poetry, poem 256 《抑》:
    匪手攜之，言示之事。 匪面命之，言提其耳。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]匪手携之，言示之事。 匪面命之，言提其耳。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's versionFěi shǒu xié zhī, yán shì zhī shì. Fěi miàn mìng zhī, yán tí qí ěr. [Pinyin]Not only did I lead you by the hand, But I showed the difference between them by appealing to instances. Not did I charge you face to face, But I held you by the ear.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ěrtímiànmìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄦˇ ㄊㄧˊ ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄇㄧㄥˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ěrtímiànmìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄦˇ ㄊㄧˊ ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄇㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ěrtímiànmìng
*** Wade–Giles: êrh$^3$-tʻi$^2$-mien$^4$-ming$^4$
*** Yale: ěr-tí-myàn-mìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eeltyimiannminq
*** Palladius: эртимяньмин (ertimjanʹmin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵ mi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ miŋ⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: nyiX dej mjienH mjaengH
Rime :
| Character | 耳 | 提 | 面 | 命 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 定 (7) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 齊 (39) | 仙 (77) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV | III | III |
| Fanqie | 而止切 | 杜奚切 | 彌箭切 | 眉病切 |
| Baxter | nyiX | dej | mjienH | mjaengH |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨ$^X$/ | /dei/ | /miᴇn$^H$/ | /mˠiæŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵɨ$^X$/ | /dei/ | /miɛn$^H$/ | /mᵚiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑie$^X$/ | /dɛi/ | /mjæn$^H$/ | /miaŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵɨ$^X$/ | /dɛj/ | /mian$^H$/ | /miajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiə$^X$/ | /dei/ | /miɛn$^H$/ | /miɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭə$^X$/ | /diei/ | /mĭɛn$^H$/ | /mĭɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȵʑi$^X$/ | /dʱiei/ | /mi̯ɛn$^H$/ | /mi̯ɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ěr | tí | miàn | mìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^5$ | tai$^4$ | min$^6$ | ming$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.nəʔ [d]ˤe C.me[n]-s m-riŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njɯʔ deː mens mreŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 耳 | 提 | 面 | 命 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | ěr | tí | miàn | mìng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyi$^X$ › | ‹ dej › | ‹ mjien$^H$ › | ‹ mjæng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.nəʔ/ | /*[d]ˁe/ | /*C.me[n]-s/ | /*m-riŋ-s/ (dialect: *m-r- > *mr-, *-iŋ> *-eŋ) |
| English | ear | lift, grasp | face | command (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 耳 | 提 | 面 | 命 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2783 | 11620 | 9098 | 8275 |
| Phonetic component | 耳 | 是 | 面 | 令 |
| Rime group | 之 | 支 | 元 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 耳 | 嗁 | 面 | 命 |
| Old Chinese | /*njɯʔ/ | /*deː/ | /*mens/ | /*mreŋs/ |
| Notes | | | | 令轉註字 |

### Idiom

耳提面命
* personally give earnest exhortations

#### Synonyms

* 諄諄告誡／谆谆告诫 (zhūnzhūngàojiè)
* 循循善誘／循循善诱 (xúnxúnshànyòu)