# -ell
## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan -ell, from Latin -ellus, an extension of -lus.

### Pronunciation

IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈeʎ]

### Suffix

-ell m (noun)
* added to masculine nouns to denote a diminutive form
    Coordinate term: (feminine) -ella

#### Usage notes

* If the noun has a final vowel (usually -e), it is dropped before adding -ell.
* Different nouns tend to prefer different diminutive suffixes (see synonyms below), though some nouns accept multiple diminutives, and there is often regional or personal variation.

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* This section or entry lacks references or sources. Please help verify this information by adding appropriate citations. You can also discuss it at the Tea Room.

## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from French -el, ultimately from Latin -ālis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɛl]
* Audio:(file)

### Suffix

-ell
* pertaining or adhering to; adjectival suffix attaching to nouns

#### Derived terms
### See also

* -al

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From -e- (linking vowel) +‎ -ll (verb-forming suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɛlː]

### Suffix

-ell
* (instantaneous suffix, rare) Added to a verb to form a new verb expressing instantaneous action. It is no longer productive in this sense.
    szökell (“to leap”)
* (verb-forming suffix) Added to an adjective to form a verb meaning "to consider/find/think as". In this sense, it is still productive.
    ‎kevés (“few”) + ‎-ell → ‎kevesell (“to find something too little or insufficient”)

#### Usage notes

* (all senses) Variants:
    -ll is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á.
       ‎drága (“expensive”) + ‎-ll → ‎drágáll (“to find something expensive”)
    -oll is added to a few back-vowel words
       ‎nagy (“big”) + ‎-oll → ‎nagyoll (“to find something too big”)
    -all is added to most back-vowel words
       ‎sok (“many”) + ‎-all → ‎sokall (“to find something too much”)
    -ell is added to front-vowel words
       ‎kevés (“few”) + ‎-ell → ‎kevesell (“to find something too little or insufficient”)

#### Derived terms
### See also

* Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Suffix

-ell
* Alternative form of -al

### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

-ell
* Alternative form of -el (agentive suffix)

### Etymology 3
#### Suffix

-ell
* Alternative form of -el (diminutive suffix)

## Swedish
### Suffix

-ell
* -al, of or pertaining to; making an adjective based on a noun

#### See also

* -al
* -ig
* -isk
* -lig
* -sam

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *-ell, in at least some cases from Latin -illa. Cognate with Cornish -ell.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛɬ/

### Suffix

-ell f (plural -ellau)
* instrument, tool
    ‎rhathu (“rub, scrape”) + ‎-ell → ‎rhathell (“file, rasp”)
    ‎bys (“finger”) + ‎-ell → ‎bysell (“(computer keyboard) key”)
    ‎allwedd (“(house, piano) key”) + ‎-ell → ‎allweddell (“keyboard”)
* diminutive suffix
    ‎traeth (“beach”) + ‎-ell → ‎traethell (“strand, sandbank”)
    ‎pib (“pipe”) + ‎-ell → ‎pibell (“pipe”)
* female or young animal
    ‎iwrch (“roe deer”) + ‎-ell → ‎iyrchell (“female or young roe deer”)

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ell”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies