# fresar
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [fɾəˈza]
* IPA: (Valencia) [fɾeˈzaɾ]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *frictiare, from Latin fricāre (“to rub”). Originally this described the action of some animals who rub their bellies on the ground while laying eggs and from there was extended to "lay eggs, spawn" in general. Doublet of fressar.

#### Verb

fresar (first-person singular present freso, first-person singular preterite fresí, past participle fresat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencia) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/
* (intransitive) to spawn
* (intransitive) to defecate (of rabbits, etc.)

##### Derived terms

* fres
* fresa

### Etymology 2

From fresa (“milling cutter”) +‎ -ar.

#### Verb

fresar (first-person singular present freso, first-person singular preterite fresí, past participle fresat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencia) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/
* (transitive) to mill (using a milling cutter)
* (transitive) to mix flour with water before kneading

##### Derived terms

* fresatge

### Further reading

* “fresar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From fresa +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /fɾeˈza(ʁ)/ [fɾeˈza(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /fɾeˈza(ʁ)/ [fɾeˈza(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /fɾeˈza(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /fɾeˈza(ʁ)/ [fɾeˈza(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /fɾeˈza(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /fɾɨˈzaɾ/, /fɾɛˈzaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /fɾɨˈzaɾ/, /fɾɛˈzaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /fɾɨˈza.ɾi/, /fɾɛˈza.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: fre‧sar

### Verb

fresar (first-person singular present freso, first-person singular preterite fresei, past participle fresado)
* (transitive, mechanics) to mill (to carve or grind with a milling machine)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Derived terms

* fresador

### Further reading

* “fresar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “fresar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From fresa (“endmill”) +‎ -ar, or from Vulgar Latin frēsare, frequentative of Latin frendere (“to grind”) through its past participle frēsum. The main sense of "to mill" was probably taken French fraiser.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɾeˈsaɾ/ [fɾeˈsaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: fre‧sar

### Verb

fresar (first-person singular present freso, first-person singular preterite fresé, past participle fresado)
* to mill (using a milling cutter)
* to mix flour with water before kneading
* (rare, dated) to grunt, gripe, complain

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* fresador
* fresadora

### References

* ↑ “fresar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “fresar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

### Further reading

* “fresar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10