# 密陀僧
## Chinese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian مردار سنگ (mordâr-sang, “dross of lead; protoxide of lead; litharge”), compound of مردار (mordâr, “dead, unclean, impure”) and سنگ (sang, “stone”).
Compare Urdu مرداسنگ (murdā-sang) (colloquial), Urdu مردارسنگ (murdār-sang, “litharge”), Hindi मुरदासंख (murdāsaṅkh, “litharge; yellow pigment”), Sanskrit मोदारशृङ्ग (modāraśṛṅga, “litharge”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mìtuósēng
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mat$^6$ to$^4$ zang$^1$ / mat$^6$ to$^4$ sang$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bi̍t-tô-cheng
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$miq-du-sen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mìtuósēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mìtuóseng
*** Wade–Giles: mi$^4$-tʻo$^2$-sêng$^1$
*** Yale: mì-twó-sēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mihtwoseng
*** Palladius: митосэн (mitosɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mat$^6$ to$^4$ zang$^1$ / mat$^6$ to$^4$ sang$^1$
*** Yale: maht tòh jāng / maht tòh sāng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mat$^9$ to$^4$ dzang$^1$ / mat$^9$ to$^4$ sang$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: med$^6$ to$^4$ zeng$^1$ / med$^6$ to$^4$ seng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐt̚² tʰɔː²¹ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/, /mɐt̚² tʰɔː²¹ sɐŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bi̍t-tô-cheng
*** Tâi-lô: bi̍t-tô-tsing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biddoizefng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ to¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bit̚⁴⁻³² to²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$miq-du-sen
*** MiniDict: mih$^入$ du sen
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$miq-du-sen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /miɪʔ¹¹ du²² sən²³/
* Middle Chinese: mit da song
Rime :
| Character | 密 | 陀 | 僧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 定 (7) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 質 (49) | 歌 (94) | 登 (129) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I | I |
| Fanqie | 美畢切 | 徒河切 | 蘇增切 |
| Baxter | mit | da | song |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠiɪt̚/ | /dɑ/ | /səŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚit̚/ | /dɑ/ | /səŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miet̚/ | /dɑ/ | /səŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mjit̚/ | /da/ | /səŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /mjĕt̚/ | /dɑ/ | /səŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭĕt̚/ | /dɑ/ | /səŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯ĕt̚/ | /dʱɑ/ | /səŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mì | tuó | sēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mat$^6$ | to$^4$ | sang$^1$ |

### Noun

密陀僧
* (mineralogy, traditional Chinese medicine) litharge; lithargyrum; lead monoxide
    From: Tang Shenwei, Zhenglei Bencao [a TCM compendium], ca. 1082–1098.
    Mìtuósēng, “Běnjīng” bù zǎi suǒ chū zhōutǔ. Zhù yún chū Bōsīguó. Jīn Lǐngnán, Mǐnzhōng yíntóng yěchù yì yǒu zhī. [Pinyin]
    Mituoseng: Benjing [a TCM compendium] did not record places (in China) where this was found, and the annotation therein considers its place of origin as Persia. Nowadays, it is found in Lingnan [Southern China] and Central Fujian, at the site of silver and copper smelting.

#### Synonyms

* 一氧化鉛／一氧化铅 (yīyǎnghuàqiān)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 密陀僧(みつだそう) (mitsudasō)
* → Korean: 밀타승(密陀僧) (miltaseung)
* → Vietnamese: mật đà tăng (密陀僧)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 密 | 陀 | 僧 |
| みつ Grade: 6 | だ Jinmeiyō | そう Grade: S |
| on'yomi |||
* Alternative spelling
* 密陀僧 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みつだそー [mìtsúdáꜜsòò] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [mʲit͡sɨda̠so̞ː]

### Noun

密(みつ)陀(だ)僧(そう) • (mitsudasō)
* litharge, lead monoxide
    Synonym: 酸化鉛 (sankanamari, “lead monoxide”)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 密 | 陀 | 僧 |

### Noun

密陀僧 • (miltaseung) (hangeul 밀타승)
* hanja form of 밀타승 (“litharge”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 密 | 陀 | 僧 |

### Noun

密陀僧
* chữ Hán form of mật đà tăng (“litharge”).