# 迎

| 迎 | U+8FCE, &#36814; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FCE |
| ← 迍 [U+8FCD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 迏 → [U+8FCF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

迎 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 7 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜竹女中 (YHVL), four-corner 3730$_2$, composition ⿺辶卬)

#### Derived characters

* 𠶐, 𭪧, 𫤏, 𨓑, 𥈁

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1254, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38748
* Dae Jaweon: page 1736, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3821, character 9
* Unihan data for U+8FCE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 迎 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 卬 | *ŋaːŋ, *ŋaŋʔ |
| 枊 | *ŋaːŋ, *ŋaːŋs |
| 昂 | *ŋaːŋ |
| 仰 | *ŋaŋʔ, *ŋaŋs |
| 迎 | *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 卬 (OC *ŋaːŋ, *ŋaŋʔ).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋra-k/ŋ (“to meet; to encounter”). Cognate with Burmese ငြင်း (ngrang:, “to refuse to obey; to argue”). Within Chinese, it is related to:
* 禦 (OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas, “to defend”)
* 迕 (OC *ŋaːs, “to meet; to go against”)
* 迓 (OC *ŋraːs, “to receive; to defend”)
* 溯 (OC *sŋaːɡs, “to go upstream”)
* 逆 (OC *ŋraɡ, “to greet; to go against; to resist”)

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yíng (ying$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йин (yin, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jing$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngiàng
    (Hailu, HRS): ngiang
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiang$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ing$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): nia̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngiàng / ngìng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ngia$^2$ / ngyng$^2$ / nging$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ngiâ / gêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngêng$^5$ / ngiêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnin
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): in$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yíng
*** Wade–Giles: ying$^2$
*** Yale: yíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yng
*** Palladius: ин (in)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ³⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йин (yin, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^4$
*** Yale: yìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàng
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiang$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯aŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiang
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiaŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngiang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiaŋ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /iŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nia̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /niaŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiàng / ngìng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋiaŋ⁵³/, /ŋiŋ⁵³/
* ngiàng - vernacular (“to parade through the streets; to become dry; to stick up”);
* ngìng - literary (“to welcome, to meet; to face; to flatter”).
* Middle Chinese: ngjaeng
Rime :
| Character | 迎 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 語京切 |
| Baxter | ngjaeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yíng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ<r>aŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 迎 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yíng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋ<r>aŋ/ |
| English | go to meet |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 迎 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 34 |
| Phonetic component | 卬 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 迎 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋaŋ/ |

#### Definitions

迎
* to receive; to welcome; to greet; to meet
    歡迎／欢迎 ― huānyíng ― welcome
* to flatter; to ingratiate with
* to face; to go against; to do something in face of ...; to forge ahead
    迎著風跑／迎著风跑 ― yíngzhe fēng pǎo ― to run against the wind
* (obsolete) to predict; to forecast
* (Min) to escort (a god, hero etc.) through the streets; to parade through the streets
* (Puxian Min) to carry on hands or shoulders
* (Eastern Min, of food) to become dry (due to exposure to the wind)
* (Eastern Min, of hair) to stick up; to become erect
* a surname

##### Usage notes

In the sense to face, often followed by 著／着 (zhe).

##### Synonyms

* (to face):
* 朝向 (cháoxiàng)
* 正視 / 正视 (zhèngshì)
* 瀕臨 / 濒临 (bīnlín)
* 直視 / 直视 (zhíshì)
* 直面 (zhímiàn)
* 面向 (miànxiàng)
* 面對 / 面对 (miànduì)
* 面臨 / 面临 (miànlín)

#### Compounds

* 倒屣相迎 (dàoxǐxiāngyíng)
* 倒屣而迎
* 倒屣迎之
* 倒屣迎賓 / 倒屣迎宾
* 倒履相迎
* 出迎 (chūyíng)
* 善氣迎人 / 善气迎人
* 大迎枕
* 失迎 (shīyíng)
* 夾道歡迎 / 夹道欢迎
* 奔走逢迎
* 奉迎 (fèngyíng)
* 弔賀迎送 / 吊贺迎送
* 恭迎 (gōngyíng)
* 承迎
* 承順逢迎 / 承顺逢迎
* 揣合逢迎
* 擁彗迎門 / 拥彗迎门
* 曲意逢迎 (qūyìféngyíng)
* 歡迎 / 欢迎 (huānyíng)
* 水送山迎
* 竭誠歡迎 / 竭诚欢迎
* 賣俏迎奸
* 迎來送往 / 迎来送往
* 迎候 (yínghòu)
* 迎刃而解 (yíngrèn'érjiě)
* 迎向
* 迎合 (yínghé)
* 迎妝 / 迎妆
* 迎姦賣俏 / 迎奸卖俏
* 迎娶 (yíngqǔ)
* 迎婿日
* 迎年
* 迎意承旨
* 迎戰 / 迎战 (yíngzhàn)
* 迎手
* 迎接 (yíngjiē)
* 迎擊 / 迎击 (yíngjī)
* 迎敵 / 迎敌 (yíngdí)
* 迎新 (yíngxīn)
* 迎新送故
* 迎新送舊 / 迎新送旧
* 迎日
* 迎日推策
* 迎日推筴 / 迎日推策
* 迎春 (yíngchūn)
* 迎春花 (yíngchūnhuā)
* 迎會 / 迎会
* 迎歡買俏 / 迎欢买俏
* 迎睇
* 迎神 (yíngshén)
* 迎神賽會 / 迎神赛会 (yíngshén sàihuì)
* 迎紫姑
* 迎親 / 迎亲 (yíngqīn)
* 迎賓 / 迎宾 (yíngbīn)
* 迎迓 (yíngyà)
* 迎阿
* 迎難而上 / 迎难而上 (yíngnán'érshàng)
* 迎靈 / 迎灵
* 迎面 (yíngmiàn)
* 迎頭 / 迎头 (yíngtóu)
* 迎頭兒 / 迎头儿
* 迎頭棒喝 / 迎头棒喝
* 迎頭痛擊 / 迎头痛击 (yíngtóutòngjī)
* 迎頭趕上 / 迎头赶上 (yíngtóu gǎnshàng)
* 迎風 / 迎风 (yíngfēng)
* 迎風冒雪 / 迎风冒雪
* 迎風待月 / 迎风待月
* 迎風搖曳 / 迎风摇曳
* 迎養 / 迎养
* 送往迎來 / 送往迎来
* 送故迎新
* 送舊迎新 / 送旧迎新
* 逢迎 (féngyíng)
* 逢迎色笑
* 遠迎 / 远迎
* 郊迎
* 阿諛逢迎 / 阿谀逢迎

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yìng (ying$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jing$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yìng
*** Wade–Giles: ying$^4$
*** Yale: yìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yinq
*** Palladius: ин (in)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^6$
*** Yale: yihng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ²²/
* Middle Chinese: ngjaengH
Rime :
| Character | 迎 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 魚敬切 |
| Baxter | ngjaengH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠiæŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋᵚiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋiajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯ɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jing$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ<r>aŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋraŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 迎 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yìng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjæng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋ<r>aŋ-s/ |
| English | go to meet |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 迎 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 35 |
| Phonetic component | 卬 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 迎 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋraŋs/ |

#### Definitions

迎
* (obsolete) to prepare to greet a guest before their arrival
* 42nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌯)

#### Compounds

* 親迎 / 亲迎

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 迎 |
| Kyūjitai | 迎󠄁 迎+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 迎󠄃 迎+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* welcome
* to meet
* to greet

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)
* Kan-on: げい (gei, Jōyō)
* Kun: むかえる (mukaeru, 迎える, Jōyō)、むかえ (mukae, 迎え)

### Proper noun

* Kanji in this term
* 迎
* むかい Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Kanji in this term
* 迎
* むかえ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
迎(むかえ) or 迎(むかい) • (Mukae or Mukai)
* a surname

### References

* ↑ “迎”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

## Korean
### Hanja

迎 (eumhun 맞을 영 (majeul yeong))
* hanja form of 영 (“to meet; to greet; welcome”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

迎: Hán Nôm readings: nghênh, nghinh, ngảnh, nghểnh, nghiêng, nginh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.