# गर्भ
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गर्भ (garbha). Doublet of गाभ (gābh, “pregnancy in animals”)

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɡəɾbʱ/, [ɡɐɾbʱ]

### Noun

गर्भ • (garbh) m (Urdu spelling گربھ)
* womb

#### Derived terms

* गर्भावस्था (garbhāvasthā)
* गर्भवती (garbhavtī)
* गर्भिणी (garbhiṇī)
* गर्भनली (garbhanlī)
* गर्भपात (garbhapāt)

#### Related terms

* गर्भाशय (garbhāśay)

## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘐𑘨𑘿𑘥 (garbha, “womb”), from Sanskrit गर्भ (garbha, “womb”). Doublet of गाभा (gābhā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡəɾ.bʱə/

### Noun

गर्भ • (garbha) m
* womb
    Synonyms: गर्भाशय (garbhāśay), कूस (kūs)
* foetus, embryo
* (figuratively) the essence or centre of something

#### Declension
### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “गर्भ”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “गर्भ”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* গৰ্ভ (Assamese script)
* ᬕᬃᬪ (Balinese script)
* গর্ভ (Bengali script)
* 𑰐𑰨𑰿𑰥 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀪 (Brahmi script)
* ဂရ်္ဘ (Burmese script)
* ગર્ભ (Gujarati script)
* ਗਰ੍ਭ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌗𑌰𑍍𑌭 (Grantha script)
* ꦒꦂꦨ (Javanese script)
* 𑂏𑂩𑂹𑂦 (Kaithi script)
* ಗರ್ಭ (Kannada script)
* គភ៌ (Khmer script)
* ຄຣ຺ຠ (Lao script)
* ഗര്ഭ (Malayalam script)
* ᡤᠠᡵᢨᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘐𑘨𑘿𑘥 (Modi script)
* ᠺᠠᠷᠪᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦰𑧈𑧠𑧅 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐐𑐬𑑂𑐨 (Newa script)
* ଗର୍ଭ (Odia script)
* ꢔꢬ꣄ꢩ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆓𑆫𑇀𑆨 (Sharada script)
* 𑖐𑖨𑖿𑖥 (Siddham script)
* ගර්‍භ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩞𑩼 𑪙𑩳 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚌𑚤𑚶𑚡 (Takri script)
* க³ர்ப⁴ (Tamil script)
* గర్భ (Telugu script)
* ครฺภ (Thai script)
* ག་རྦྷ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒑𑒩𑓂𑒦 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨍𑨫𑩇𑨡 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gárbʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷólbʰ-o-s, from *gʷelbʰ- (“womb”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gar$^ə$βa), Ancient Greek δελφύς (delphús, “womb”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɡɐ́ɾ.bʱɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɡɐɾ.bʱɐ/

### Noun

गर्भ • (gárbha) stem, m
* the womb
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.27.1:गर्भे॒ नु सन्नन्वे॑षामवेदम॒हं दे॒वानां॒ जनि॑मानि॒ विश्वा॑। श॒तं मा॒ पुर॒ आय॑सीररक्ष॒न्नध॑ श्ये॒नो ज॒वसा॒ निर॑दीयम्॥gárbhe nú sánnánveṣāmavedamaháṃ devā́nāṃ jánimāni víśvā. śatáṃ mā púra ā́yasīrarakṣannádha śyenó javásā níradīyam.Being still in the womb, I have known all the births of these divinities in their order; a hundred bodies of metal confined me, but as a hawk I came forth with speed.
* fetus, embryo
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.29.2:अ॒रण्यो॒र्निहि॑तो जा॒तवे॑दा॒ गर्भ॑ इव॒ सुधि॑तो ग॒र्भिणी॑षु। दि॒वेदि॑व॒ ईड्यो॑ जागृ॒वद्भि॑र्ह॒विष्म॑द्भिर्मनु॒ष्ये॑भिर॒ग्निः॥aráṇyorníhito jātávedā gárbha iva súdhito garbhíṇīṣu. divédiva ī́ḍyo jāgṛvádbhirhavíṣmadbhirmanuṣyèbhiragníḥ.Jātavedas has been deposited in the two sticks as the embryo is deposited in pregnant women; Agni is to be adored day by day by vigilant men laden with oblations.
* child, offspring, brood (especially of birds)
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.73.2:अभीवृतेव ता महापदेन ध्वान्तात्प्रपित्वादुदरन्त गर्भाः॥abhī́vṛteva tā́ mahāpadéna dhvāntā́tprapitvā́dúdaranta gárbhāḥ.As if encompassed by the Mighty-footed, from darkness, near at hand, forth came the Children.
* the inside, middle or interior of anything
** c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

#### Derived terms

* गर्भिणी (garbhíṇī, “pregnant”)
* सगर्भ्य (ságarbhya, “full-blooded brother”)
* आकाशगर्भ (ākāśagarbha)

#### Descendants

* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪 (gabbha)
** Central:
*** Hindi: गाभ (gābh)
** Southern:
*** Old Marathi: 𑘐𑘰𑘥 (gābha)
* ⇒ Maharastri Prakrit: *𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪-𑀅 (*gabbha-a)
** Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: गाभा (gābhā), गर्भ (garbha)
    Modi script: 𑘐𑘰𑘥𑘰 (gābhā), 𑘐𑘨𑘿𑘥 (garbha)
*** Marathi: गाभा (gābhā), गर्भ (garbha)
* Paisaci Prakrit:
** Punjabi: ਗੱਭ (gabbha, “middle”)
* Pali: gabbha
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪 (gabbha)
** Hindi: गाभ (gābh, “pregnancy in animals”)
* Sinhalese: ගර්භය (garbhaya, “womb, foetus”)
* → Hindi: गर्भ (garbh)
* → Kannada: ಗರ್ಭ (garbha)
* → Khmer: គភ៌ (kɔə)
* → Lao: ຄັນ (khan)
* → Malayalam: ഗർഭം (gaṟbhaṁ)
* → Tamil: கருப்பம் (karuppam)
* → Telugu: గర్భము (garbhamu)
* → Thai: ครรภ์ (kan)

### References

* “ग॑भ” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 150, column 1.
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “गर्भ”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 083
* Monier Williams (1899) “गर्भ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 349, column 2.
* Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 284