# 化人
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huàrén
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄖㄣˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huàrén
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huàrén
*** Wade–Giles: hua$^4$-jên$^2$
*** Yale: hwà-rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huahren
*** Palladius: хуажэнь (xuažɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ä⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

#### Noun

化人
* (obsolete, Classical) immortal; supernatural entity; celestial being; transcendent being

##### Synonyms

* 仙人 (xiānrén)
* 神仙 (shénxiān)

#### Further reading

* Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “化人” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

### Etymology 2

Possibly ultimately from Old French franc through Persian فرنگ (farang, “Frank; French; European; Christian”). Compare Cantonese 佛郎機 / 佛郎机 (fat$^6$ long$^4$ gei$^1$), Mandarin 佛郎機 / 佛郎机 (fólángjī). See also Hokkien 番人 (hoan-lâng, “foreigner”).

#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hòa-lâng
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòa-lâng
*** Tâi-lô: huà-lâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoarlaang
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ²⁴/

#### Noun

化人
* (Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien, archaic, historical) Spaniard
* (Philippine Hokkien) white person; Caucasian; westerner; ang moh (person of European descent usually with white skin complexion, especially white Caucasian Americans)

##### Synonyms

* (Spaniard): 西班牙人 (Xībānyárén); (historical): 佛朗機／佛朗机 (Fólǎngjī)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 西方人, 西洋人, 洋人, 白人, 白種人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 老外, 毛子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 洋人, 西洋人, 白人, 老外 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 紅毛人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 洋人, 外國佬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 洋人, 洋鬼子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 洋人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 洋人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 洋人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 洋人, 高鼻子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 番鬼佬 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 洋鬼子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 西人, 老西, 老番, 鬼佬, 番鬼佬, 鬼子佬, 紅毛頭, 紅毛 dated, 紅毛鬼 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 西人, 白人, 鬼佬, 番鬼佬, 老番 dated, 紅毛鬼 dated, 白鬼 dated |
| Cantonese | Macau | 鬼佬 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 老番, 番鬼佬 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 老番, 番鬼, 番鬼佬, 紅毛 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 鬼佬 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 鬼佬 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 洋人 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 洋人 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 洋人 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 番人, 番鬼仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 洋人 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 洋人, 西洋人, 鉤鼻公, 紅毛番 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 西洋人, 紅毛番 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 紅毛人 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 番仔, 阿啄仔, 紅毛番, 𧺤毛的, 番仔鬼 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 番仔, 紅毛番, 𧺤毛的 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 番仔, 紅毛番, 𧺤毛的 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 紅毛仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 阿啄仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 啄鼻仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 阿啄仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 西洋儂, 阿啄仔, 啄鼻仔 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 阿啄仔 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 紅毛, 紅毛猴 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 紅毛, 紅毛儂, 紅毛猴 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 化人, 白種人, 西洋儂, 西方人 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 番儂, 紅毛囝, 番囝 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 紅毛, 紅毛囝, 紅毛鬼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 紅毛, 紅毛儂 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 鉤鼻鬼 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 番鬼, 紅毛, 高鼻綠目, 高鼻塌目 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 洋人 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 番人, 高鼻頭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 紅毛洋人, 洋人子, 洋人 |

#### Adjective

化人
* (Philippine Hokkien, archaic, historical) Spanish

##### Derived terms

* 化人筆 / 化人笔

### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:化人.

### References

* ↑ Batchelor, Robert (2013 January 24) “The Selden Map Rediscovered: A Chinese Map of East Asian Shipping Routes, c.1619”, in The International Journal for the History of Cartography‎, volume 65, number 1
* ↑ Dictionario Hispánico-Sinicum‎ (overall work in Early Modern Spanish, Hokkien, and Classical Mandarin), kept as Vocabulario Español-Chino con caracteres chinos (TOMO 215) in the University of Santo Tomás Archives, Manila: Dominican Order of Preachers, 1626-1642, page 213; republished as Lee, Fabio Yuchung (李毓中), Chen, Tsung-jen (陳宗仁), José, Regalado Trota, Caño, José Luis Ortigosa, editors, Hokkien Spanish Historical Document Series I: Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum‎, Hsinchu: National Tsing Hua University Press, 2018, →ISBN