# 塘

| 塘 | U+5858, &#22616; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5858 |
| ← 塗 [U+5857] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 塙 → [U+5859] |

## Translingual
### Han character

塘 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土戈中口 (GILR), four-corner 4016$_7$, composition ⿰土唐)

#### Derived characters

* 䕋

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 235, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5340
* Dae Jaweon: page 473, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 473, character 20
* Unihan data for U+5858

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 唐 | *ɡl'aːŋ |
| 煻 | *l'aːŋ |
| 糖 | *l'aːŋ |
| 搪 | *l'aːŋ |
| 蓎 | *l'aːŋ |
| 瑭 | *l'aːŋ |
| 餹 | *l'aːŋ |
| 篖 | *l'aːŋ |
| 螗 | *l'aːŋ |
| 塘 | *l'aːŋ |
| 鶶 | *l'aːŋ |
| 赯 | *l'aːŋ |
| 磄 | *l'aːŋ |
| 溏 | *l'aːŋ |
| 傏 | *l'aːŋ |
| 鎕 | *l'aːŋ |
| 榶 | *l'aːŋ |
| 嵣 | *l'aːŋʔ, *l'aːŋs |
| 庚 | *kraːŋ |
| 賡 | *kraːŋ |
| 鹒 | *kraːŋ |
| 康 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 穅 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 糠 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 槺 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 漮 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 躿 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 慷 | *kʰlaːŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'aːŋ) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 唐 (OC *ɡl'aːŋ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): táng (tang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄤˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tong$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hong$^3$
    (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): tong$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): tong$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thòng
    (Hailu, HRS): tong
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tong$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): dǒ̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): dòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tông / tn̂g / tôⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): deng$^5$ / tang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$daon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dan$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: táng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: táng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻang$^2$
*** Yale: táng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarng
*** Palladius: тан (tan)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tong$^4$
*** Yale: tòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔːŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔŋ²²/
** (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
*** Jyutping++: tong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔŋ⁴²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: tong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔŋ²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: tong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰoŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: tong
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰoŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰɔŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǒ̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dòng
*** Sinological IPA : /touŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông
*** Tâi-lô: tông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doong
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /tɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: tn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dngg
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tŋ̍¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /tŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tŋ̍²³/
** (Hokkien: Changtai)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tôⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tônn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dvoo
*** IPA (Changtai): /tɔ̃²⁴/
* tông - literary;
* tn̂g/tôⁿ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: dang
Rime :
| Character | 塘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒郎切 |
| Baxter | dang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | táng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m.rˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 塘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | táng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dang › |
| Old Chinese | /*m.rˁaŋ/ (~ *mə.rˁaŋ) |
| English | dam, dike |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 塘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3968 |
| Phonetic component | 庚 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 唐 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'aːŋ/ |
| Notes | 見莊子國語 |

### Definitions

塘
* pond (Classifier: 個／个; 眼 c)
    魚塘／鱼塘 ― yútáng ― fish pond
* dike; embankment
    河塘 ― hétáng ― river embankment
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Jiàn yī zhàngfū yóu zhī, yǐwéi yǒu kǔ ér yù sǐ yě, shǐ dìzǐ bìng liú ér zhěng zhī. Shù bǎi bù ér chū, pīfà xínggē ér yóu yú táng xià. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* bathing pool
* pit-shaped thing
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, swimming) lap; length (distance equal to the length of a swimming pool) (Classifier: 個／个 c)
       gam$^1$ ziu$^1$ ngo$^5$ jau$^4$ zo$^2$ jaa$^6$ go$^3$ tong$^4$. [Jyutping]
       This morning, I swam twenty laps.
* (Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin, Nanning Pinghua) unit of distance equivalent to 10 li

#### Synonyms

* (pond):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 池沼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 池子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 池塘 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 池子, 灣 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 池子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 池子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 澇子, 池子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 池子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 池子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 池子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 池塘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 塘, 池子, 淌子 small |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 塘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 塘 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 塘, 池塘 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 塘, 池子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 池塘, 塘 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 池塘 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 眼塘 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 眼塘 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 池塘 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 塘 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 水塘 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 塘 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 塘, 池塘 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 塘, 池塘, 陂塘 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 池塘 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 池塘 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 水塘 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 塘 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 池塘 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 塘 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Changting | 塘 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 塘 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 塘 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 塘 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 塘 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 陂塘 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 陂塘 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 陂塘 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 陂塘 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 陂塘 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 陂塘 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 池塘 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 水塘 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 塘水 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 塘水 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 塘 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 塘 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 塘 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 水池子, 池塘 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 塘, 池 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 池 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 池, 潭仔 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 池 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 池 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 水塘 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 池 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 塘 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 塘 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 塘 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 池塘, 塘, 水塘 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 池塘 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 池塘, 池潭 small, 塘 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 池塘 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 池塘 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 池, 池兒, 池塘 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 塘 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 塘 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 塘 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 塘, 池子 |
* (embankment):
* 堤
* 堤堰 (dīyàn)
* 堤壩 / 堤坝 (dībà)
* 堤岸 (dī'àn)
* 堤防 (dīfáng)
* 大壩 / 大坝 (dàbà)
* 水壩 / 水坝 (shuǐbà)
* 防 (fáng) (literary, or in compounds)
* (bathing pool): 浴池 (yùchí)

### Compounds

* 七里塘 (Qīlǐtáng)
* 上塘 (Shàngtáng)
* 九龍塘 / 九龙塘 (Jiǔlóngtáng)
* 南化塘 (Nánhuàtáng)
* 周塘 (Zhōutáng)
* 回塘
* 坳塘 (āotáng)
* 塘坳
* 塘堰 (tángyàn)
* 塘沽 (Tánggū)
* 塘沽新港
* 塘畈 (Tángfàn)
* 塘鱧 / 塘鳢 (tánglǐ)
* 塘鵝 / 塘鹅 (táng'é)
* 官塘 (Guāntáng)
* 官塘驛 / 官塘驿 (Guāntángyì)
* 巴塘 (Bātáng)
* 托木吾斯塘 (Tuōmù Wúsītáng)
* 提塘
* 新塘 (Xīntáng)
* 旺塘 (Wàngtáng)
* 橫塘 / 横塘
* 水塘 (shuǐtáng)
* 池塘 (chítáng)
* 泥塘 (nítáng)
* 海塘
* 潘塘 (Pāntáng)
* 火塘 (huǒtáng)
* 畢家塘 / 毕家塘 (Bìjiātáng)
* 瞿塘峽 / 瞿塘峡
* 竹塘 (Zhútáng)
* 羌塘 (Qiāngtáng)
* 胡家塘 (Hújiātáng)
* 英吾斯塘 (Yīngwúsītáng)
* 荷塘 (hétáng)
* 葦塘 / 苇塘 (wěitáng)
* 藕塘 (Ǒutáng)
* 蠣塘 / 蛎塘
* 西塘 (Xītáng)
* 訊塘 / 讯塘 (Xùntáng)
* 錢塘 / 钱塘 (Qiántáng)
* 錢塘江 / 钱塘江 (Qiántáng Jiāng)
* 錢塘潮 / 钱塘潮
* 陂塘
* 陽塘 / 阳塘 (Yángtáng)
* 雷塘
* 魚塘 / 鱼塘 (yútáng)
* 黃泥塘 / 黄泥塘 (Huángnítáng)
* 龍塘 / 龙塘 (Lóngtáng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: どう (dō)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kun: つつみ (tsutsumi)、とも (tomo)
* Nanori: つつみ (tsutsumi)

## Korean
### Hanja

塘 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

塘: Hán Nôm readings: đường, đàng
* road

#### Derived terms

* 塘𨫊 (đường sắt) - railway