# ῥήγνυμι
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ῥηγνύω (rhēgnúō), ῥήσσω (rhḗssō), ῥήττω (rhḗttō)

### Etymology

Uncertain. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-; compare Old Armenian երգիծանեմ (ergicanem, “I tear, dissect”), Lithuanian rėžti, and Old Church Slavonic рѣзати (rězati, “to cut, slaughter”). Also compare Latin frangō and Old English brecan (English break), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-. Further compare Sanskrit रुजति (rujati, “break up, break open, shatter”) and Albanian rrege.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /r̥ɛ̌ː.ɡnyː.mi/ → /ˈri.ɣny.mi/ → /ˈri.ɣni.mi/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /r̥ɛ̌ː.ɡnyː.mi/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈre̝.ɡny.mi/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈri.ɣny.mi/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈri.ɣny.mi/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈri.ɣni.mi/

### Verb

ῥήγνῡμῐ • (rhḗgnūmĭ)
* (transitive) to break asunder, tear, rend, shatter
** 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 199
** 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 468
** 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 515
** 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 1130
** 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 994
** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Ancient Medicine 19
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.440
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.124
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.165
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.409
** 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Dialogues of the Gods 17.1
** 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, The Parasite: Parasitic an Art 46
** 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 7:6
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 8.29
** 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 15.1.57
** to break through a line or body of men
*** 430 BCE, Euripides, Herakles' Children 835
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.113
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.6
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.90
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.615
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 210.9
** (post-Homeric) to break into speech, speak out
*** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 357
*** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 960
*** 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 710
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.85
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.2
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.93
*** 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Isaiah 54.1
** to burst into tears
*** 170 CE – 250 CE, Philostratus, Imagines 2.27
*** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Gaius Marius 19
*** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pericles 36
*** 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Isaiah 49.13
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 919
* (passive voice) to break, burst
** 117 CE – 181 CE, Aelius Aristides, Orations 50.69
** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 378
** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 377
** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Injuries of the Head 4
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.425
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.67
** 314 CE – 393 CE, Libanius, Orations 1.207
** 314 CE – 393 CE, Libanius, Orations 29.13
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 359d
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 958
** 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 7.3.18
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.6.16
** to burst forth
*** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 583
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 582b.10
*** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Aphorisms 5.32
*** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Nat. Mul. 13
*** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.919b
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 578
** (of ships) to be wrecked
*** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 505
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Dionysodorus 21
** to be inscribed on
* (intransitive) to break, burst forth
** 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 433
** 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 1338
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.99
** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Epidemics 4.24
** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On the Nature of the Child 12
** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1076
** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1280
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 852
** Comica Adespota 661

#### Derived terms

* αἱμορρᾰγής (haimorrhăgḗs)
* ἁλιρρᾰγής (halirrhăgḗs)
* ἀμφῐρρήγνῡμῐ (amphĭrrhḗgnūmĭ)
* ἀνᾰρρήγνῡμῐ (anărrhḗgnūmĭ)
* ἀντῐρρήγνῡμῐ (antĭrrhḗgnūmĭ)
* ἀπορρήγνῡμῐ (aporrhḗgnūmĭ)
* ἀρρᾰγής (arrhăgḗs)
* ἄρρηκτος (árrhēktos)
* δῐᾰρρήγνῡμῐ (dĭărrhḗgnūmĭ)
* δῐχορρᾰγής (dĭkhorrhăgḗs)
* δυσρᾰγής (dusrăgḗs)
* ἐκρήγνῡμῐ (ekrḗgnūmĭ)
* ἐνρήγνῡμῐ (enrḗgnūmĭ)
* ἐπῐρρήγνῡμῐ (epĭrrhḗgnūmĭ)
* ἡμιρρᾰγής (hēmirrhăgḗs)
* κᾰτᾰρρήγνῡμῐ (kătărrhḗgnūmĭ)
* μεσορρᾰγής (mesorrhăgḗs)
* νεορρᾰγής (neorrhăgḗs)
* πᾰρᾰρρήγνῡμῐ (părărrhḗgnūmĭ)
* περιρρήγνῡμῐ (perirrhḗgnūmĭ)
* ποδορρᾰγής (podorrhăgḗs)
* πολυρρᾰγής (polurrhăgḗs)
* προρρήγνῠμαι (prorrhḗgnŭmai)
* προσρήγνῡμῐ (prosrḗgnūmĭ)
* πῠρορρᾰγής (pŭrorrhăgḗs)
* ῥηγμίν (rhēgmín)
* συρρήγνῡμῐ (surrhḗgnūmĭ)
* ὑπορρήγνῡμῐ (huporrhḗgnūmĭ)
* φλοιορρᾰγής (phloiorrhăgḗs)
* χρῡσορρᾰγής (khrūsorrhăgḗs)
* ψῡχορρᾰγής (psūkhorrhăgḗs)

#### Related terms

* ῥᾰγάς (rhăgás)
* ῥᾰγώδης (rhăgṓdēs)
* ῥᾰκτός (rhăktós)
* ῥῆγμᾰ (rhêgmă)
* ῥηγμός (rhēgmós)
* ῥήκτης (rhḗktēs)
* ῥηκτῐκός (rhēktĭkós)
* ῥηκτός (rhēktós)
* ῥῆξῐς (rhêxĭs)
* ῥώξ (rhṓx)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1282-3

### Further reading

* “ῥήγνυμι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ῥήγνυμι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ῥήγνυμι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ῥήγνυμι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* ῥήγνυμι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “ῥήγνυμι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G4486 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible