# 近視
## Chinese

* 近視

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìnshì
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄕˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gan$^6$ si$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiun-sṳ
* Eastern Min (BUC): gê̤ṳng-sé
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kūn-sī / kǔn-sī / kīn-sī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): geng$^6$ si$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìnshì → jìnshi (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄕˋ → ㄐㄧㄣˋ ˙ㄕ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìnshi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^4$-shih$^5$
*** Yale: jìn-shr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn.shyh
*** Palladius: цзиньши (czinʹši)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ → /t͡ɕin⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$近世 近侍 近視 / 近视 進士 / 进士
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gan$^6$ si$^6$
*** Yale: gahn sih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gan$^6$ si$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gen$^6$ xi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐn²² siː²²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$近侍 近視 / 近视
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiun-sṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiun sii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiun$^4$ si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯un⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gê̤ṳng-sé
*** Sinological IPA : /kyŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ $^{(s-)}$nɛi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūn-sī
*** Tâi-lô: kūn-sī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kuxnsi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kun²²⁻²¹ si²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kun³³⁻¹¹ si³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǔn-sī
*** Tâi-lô: kǔn-sī
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kun²² si⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kīn-sī
*** Tâi-lô: kīn-sī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kixnsi
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin³³⁻²¹ si³³/
*** IPA (Penang): /kin²¹ si²¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin²²⁻²¹ si²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: geng$^6$ si$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ̆ng sĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /kɯŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ si³⁵/

### Noun

近視
* (pathology) myopia; nearsightedness; shortsightedness

#### Synonyms

* (Liuzhou Mandarin) 瞇趨／眯趋, 瞇趨眼／眯趋眼
* (Northern Min) 睼目
* (Xiang) 近𥉻子

### Adjective

近視
* (pathology) myopic; near-sighted; short-sighted
       Wǒ hěn jìnshì, hēibǎn shàng de xiǎo zì wǒ kàn bù dào. [Pinyin]
       I am very myopic. I can't see the small characters on the blackboard.
       ngo$^5$ sai$^3$ lou$^2$ gan$^6$ si$^6$ hou$^2$ sam$^1$. [Jyutping]
       My younger brother is very myopic.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 近視, 短視 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 近視 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 近光 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 瞇趨 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 眊 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 近視 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 近視 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 近視 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 近視 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 近視 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 近視 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 近視 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 近視 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 近視 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 近視 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 近視 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 覷懵, 覷目 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 覷懵, 覷目 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 覷懵, 覷目, 覷睛 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 近視 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 近覷 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 近覷 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 近覷 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 近見 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 近視 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 近刺, 近視 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 𥉻 |

#### Derived terms

* 近視眼 / 近视眼 (jìnshìyǎn)
* 近視鏡 / 近视镜 (jìnshìjìng)

### See also

* 遠視／远视 (yuǎnshì)
* 散光 (sǎnguāng)
* 老花 (lǎohuā)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 近 | 視 |
| きん Grade: 2 | し Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 近視 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きんし [kìńshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲĩɰ̃ɕi]
* Homophones: 金糸, 金紙, 金鵄, 菌糸, 勤仕, 禁止, 錦糸

### Noun

近(きん)視(し) • (kinshi)
* (pathology) myopia

#### Synonyms

* 近(きん)視(し)眼(がん) (kinshigan)
* 近(きん)眼(がん) (kingan)

### See also

* 遠(えん)視(し) (enshi)
* 乱(らん)視(し) (ranshi)
* 老(ろう)視(し) (rōshi)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 近 | 視 |

### Noun

近視 • (geunsi or McCune-Reischauer: kŭnsi or Yale: kūnsi) (hangeul 근시)
* hanja form of 근시 (“myopia”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 近 | 視 |

### Adjective

近視
* chữ Hán form of cận thị (“short-sighted; near-sighted; myopic”).