# weren
## English
### Alternative forms

* wern
* wurn (dialectal)

### Etymology

From Middle English weren, from Old English wǣron, plural past indicative of bēon, and wǣren, plural past subjunctive of bēon, equivalent to were +‎ -en.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Verb

weren
* (obsolete) plural simple past of be
** 1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Hugh Singleton, […], →OCLC:But sike fancies weren foolerie, And broughten this Oake to this miserye.
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:Therein an hundred raunges weren pight, And hundred fornaces all burning bright;
** 1889, John Gower, edited by Henry Morley, Tales of the Seven Deadly Sins: Being the Confessio Amantis:For of the falsé Moabites Forth with the strength of Amonites Of that they weren first misget,

### Anagrams

* newer, renew

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋeːrə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: we‧ren
* Rhymes: -eːrən

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch wēren, from Old Dutch *werien, from Proto-West Germanic *warjan, from Proto-Germanic *warjaną.

#### Verb

weren
* (transitive) to hold back, to keep out
* (reflexive) to defend oneself, to put up resistance

##### Derived terms

* afweren
* beweren
* verweren
* weerbaar
* weermacht

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: weer

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

weren
* plural of weer

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology 1

From Old Dutch *werien, from Proto-West Germanic *warjan.

#### Verb

wēren
* hold back, to keep out, to resist
* to prevent
* to protect
* to fight against, to oppose
* to object (in court)
* to refuse, to deny

##### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

##### Descendants

* Dutch: weren
* Limburgish: waere

### Etymology 2

From Old Dutch weron, from Proto-West Germanic *weʀēn.

#### Verb

wēren
* to continue, persist

##### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

##### Descendants

* Dutch: weren (obsolete)

### Further reading

* “weren (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “weren (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “weren (III)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page III

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From a conflation of Old English wǣron, the plural indicative past of wesan (from Proto-Germanic *wēzun, the third-person plural indicative past of *wesaną) and Old English wǣren, the plural subjunctive past of wesan (from Proto-Germanic *wēzīn, the third-person plural subjunctive past of *wesaną).

#### Alternative forms

* were, wern, weryn
* (after Old Norse vera) waren, warn, worn, woren

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwɛːr(ə)n/, /ˈwɛr(ə)n/

#### Verb

weren
* plural past indicative/subjunctive of been
** c. 1450, Richard the Redeless:And rafte was youre riott and rest, for youre daiez weren wikkid […](please add an English translation of this quotation)
** c. 1450, Prose Merlin:Whan these thre kynges weren abedde and at her ese that nyght, the storye seith that they lay till on the morn that thei ronge to messe right erly, for it was a litill afore Halowmesse.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** c. 1450, The Dicts and Sayings of the Philosophers:And thanne he seide to other folkes that thei shulde seye somme goode thinges for to recomforte the lordes and the people, which werne in grete trouble as for the deth of the moste noble kinge that ever was.

##### Descendants

* English: were (obsolete wern, weren)

### Etymology 2

From Old English werian. Strong forms are analogical to beren, teren, etc.

#### Alternative forms

* wern, werien, veren

#### Verb

weren (third-person singular simple present wereth, present participle werende, werynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wered)
* to wear, be clothed with

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) weren, were | (to) weren, were |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | were | wered, war, wer |
| 2nd-person singular | werest | weredest, were, ware, war, wer |
| 3rd-person singular | wereth | wered, war, wer |
| subjunctive singular | were | wered$^1$, were$^1$, ware$^1$ |
| imperative singular | were | — |
| plural$^2$ | weren, were | wereden, werede, weren, were, waren, ware |
| imperative plural | wereth, were | — |
| participles | werynge, werende | wered, woren, worn, ywered |
$^1$Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English. $^2$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

##### Descendants

* English: wear
* Scots: were, weir
* Yola: waare

##### References

* “wēren, v.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

weren
* Alternative form of werren