# deren
## Basque
### Noun

deren
* genitive indefinite of de

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch dēren, from Old Dutch deren, from Proto-West Germanic *darjan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdeːrə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: de‧ren
* Rhymes: -eːrən

### Verb

deren
* (transitive) to harm

#### Related terms

* deerlijk
* ongedeerd

## Galician
### Verb

deren
* third-person plural future subjunctive of dar

## German
### Alternative forms

* dero

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdeːʁən/, /ˈdeːɐ̯n/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -eːʀən

### Pronoun

deren (relative or demonstrative)
* inflection of der:
** genitive feminine singular
** genitive plural
** (relative) whose, of which
** (demonstrative) her, their, the latter's

#### Usage notes

Among unexercised users of formal standard German, one can frequently read or hear dessen when deren would be correct (or occasionally vice versa), since either of these forms is missing in some vernaculars.
General guidelines for derer vs. deren
    Derer is used:
       1) When following a noun
          Programme, im Rahmen derer ― Programs, in the framework of which
       2) When referring to a subject later in the sentence
          Das Schicksal derer, die gelitten haben ― The fate of those who have suffered
    Deren is used:
       1) Before a noun
          Kinder, deren Eltern getrennt leben ― Children whose parents live separately
          Programme, in deren Rahmen ― Programs, in the framework of which
       2) When used as a partitive genitive (such usage is often replaced by von denen or davon)
          Es sind deren viele ― There are many of them
          Zwei Schwestern, deren nur eine von der anderen weiß ― Two sisters, of whom only one knows of the other
    Otherwise, both derer and deren are used.
          Die Verbrechen, deren / derer sie beschuldigt wurde ― The crimes of which she was accused
          Die Zeitspanne, außerhalb deren / derer ― The time span outside of which
When used in a series of nouns, deren refers back to the noun immediately proceeding it. Consider these sentences:
    Sie haben ihre Freunde und ihren Sohn eingeladen.They have invited their friends and their son.
vs.
    Sie haben ihre Freunde und deren Sohn eingeladen.They have invited their friends and their (friends') son.
The first sentence relates that the inviting family has a son; thus, they invite friends and that son. In the second sentence, the family invites their friends and a son of the invited family. Compare this behaviour with Ukrainian свій and Ukrainian possessive pronouns:
    Вони запросили своїх друзів і свого сина.
vs.
    Вони запросили своїх друзів і їхнього сина.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Demonstrativ­­pronomen: „deren“ oder „derer“?”, in Duden‎, 2024 August (last accessed), archived from the original on 2021-10-21
* Dr. Bopp (2018) “Zwei Wörter, aufgrund deren/derer manche ins Zweifeln geraten”, in Leo (the blog)‎ (in German), archived from the original on 2020-08-26, retrieved August 2024

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch deren, from Proto-West Germanic *darjan.

### Verb

dēren
* to harm, to hurt
* to hurt emotionally
* to damage

#### Alternative forms

* dāren

#### Descendants

* Dutch: deren
* Limburgish: dere, dieëre

### Further reading

* “deren (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “daren”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page daren
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “deren”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *darjan.

### Verb

deren
* to harm, to hurt
** Rhinelandic Rhyming Bible, early 12th century;
    Unson lichamen maht tu daren, the sielen solen zo genathen uaren.You can hurt our bodies, the souls will go to (the state of) grace.
* to damage

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: deren
** Dutch: deren
** Limburgish: dere, dieëre

#### See also

* daron

### Further reading

* “deren”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Sora
### Etymology

de + -ren ("forest")

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dereŋ/

### Noun

deren
* horn