OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# zapřít
## Czech
### Etymology

From za- +‎ přít.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzapr̝̊iːt]

### Verb

zapřít pf (imperfective zapírat)
* to deny

#### Related terms

* zápor

### Further reading

* “zapříti”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “zapříti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “zapřít”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# whoredom
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English horedom, hordom, from Old Norse hórdómr, ultimately corresponding to whore +‎ -dom. Cognate with Swedish hordom (“whoredom”), Middle Dutch hoerdom (“whoredom”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈhɔːdəm/
* Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)dəm

### Noun

whoredom (usually uncountable, plural whoredoms)
* The state of being a whore, prostitution; sexual indulgence, fornication. [from 12th c.]
    Synonym: harlotry
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 38:24:And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and also, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.
** 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 2, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:Mother […] considered that the exclusiveness of Peter's circle was due not to its distinction, but to the fact that it was an inner Babylon of prodigality and whoredom, from which every Kensingtonian held aloof, except on the conventional tip-and-run excursions in pursuit of shopping, tea and theatres.
** 1930, Pickthall, Marmaduke, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran, translation of The Qur'an, surah 24, verse 33:Force not your slave-girls to whoredom that ye may seek enjoyment of the life of the world, if they would preserve their chastity.
** 2012, Faramerz Dabhoiwala, The Origins of Sex, Penguin, published 2013, page 14:the most enthusiastic punishers of whoredom were often the most evangelical Protestants, who sought the ever-further purification of society (‘Puritans’, as they came to be called in England).
# 眩車
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Northern Min (KCR): hêng-chiá
* Eastern Min (BUC): hìng-chiă
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hyng$^2$ cia$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hîn-chhia
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hiêng$^5$ cia$^1$
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hêng-chiá
*** Sinological IPA : /xeiŋ³³ t͡sʰia⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hìng-chiă
*** Sinological IPA : /hiŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(t͡sʰ-)}$ʒia⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hyng$^2$ cia$^1$ [Phonetic: hyng$^5$ nia$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /hyŋ¹³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡sʰ-)}$nia⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Yongchun, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hîn-chhia
*** Tâi-lô: hîn-tshia
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hinchiaf
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hin¹³⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Yongchun): /hin²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hin²³⁻³³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /hin²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰia³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hiêng$^5$ cia$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiêng tshia
*** Sinological IPA : /hieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia³³/

### Verb

眩車
* (Min) to become carsick

#### Synonyms

* 悶車 / 闷车 (men$^5$ che$^1$) (Xiang)
* 昏車 / 昏车 (fen$^1$ che$^1$) (Xiang)
* 暈車 / 晕车 (yùnchē)
* 暈車浪 / 晕车浪 (wan$^4$ ce$^1$ long$^6$) (Cantonese)
* 疰車 / 疰车 ($^5$tsy $^1$tsho) (Wu)
* 醉車 / 醉车 (Puxian Min)

### References

* “Entry #6391”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “眩车”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 293.
# fetches way
## English
### Verb

fetches way
* third-person singular simple present indicative of fetch way
# grabbed the bull by the horns
## English
### Verb

grabbed the bull by the horns
* simple past and past participle of grab the bull by the horns
# skrota
## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* skrotet

### Verb

skrota
* inflection of skrote:
** simple past
** past participle

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* skrote

### Etymology

From Middle Low German [Term?], possibly through Swedish skrota, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skraudaną. Compare also Danish skrotte.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /skruːta/

### Verb

skrota (present tense skrotar, past tense skrota, past participle skrota, passive infinitive skrotast, present participle skrotande, imperative skrota/skrot)
* to scrap (something)

#### Related terms

* skrot (noun)

## Swedish
### Etymology

skrot +‎ -a

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈskruːˌta/

### Verb

skrota (present skrotar, preterite skrotade, supine skrotat, imperative skrota)
* to scrap
    Hon ska skrota sin gamla bil imorgon.She will scrap her old car tomorrow.
* to discard
    Kongressen skrotade det gamla partiprogrammet.The general assembly scrapped the old party programme.
* to potter (to act in an unmotivated way)
    Det blir alltid till att gå hemma och skrota när man är förkyld.(please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Related terms

* skrot
* skrotare
* skrotning

### Anagrams

* kortas, kostar, kroats, skator, tokars, torkas
# parliamentarian
## English
### Alternative forms

* Parliamentarian

### Etymology

From parliament +‎ -arian.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌpɑː(ɹ)ləmənˈtɛəɹiən/
* Audio (UK):(file)

### Noun

parliamentarian (plural parliamentarians)
* (Commonwealth) A member of a parliament, congress or an elected national legislative body of another name.
    Synonyms: member of parliament, MP, deputy, congressman
* A person well-versed in parliamentary procedure.
* (US) An officer in most legislative bodies charged with being well-versed in the parliamentary rules of that legislative house, and whose rulings are taken as authoritative, to be appealed only to the whole of the house itself under special rules.

#### Translations
### Adjective

parliamentarian (comparative more parliamentarian, superlative most parliamentarian)
* Of or relating to a parliament; favouring the establishment of a parliament.
    Synonym: parliamentary
    a parliamentarian democracy; the parliamentarian movement
** 1946, Office of United States Chief Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality, Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Washington, Volume 1, citing Wilhelm Frick,
    Our participation in the parliament does not indicate a support, but rather an undermining of the parliamentarian system.
* (historical) Of or relating to the Parliamentarians (supporters of the parliament during the English Civil War (1642–1651)).
** 1685, George Bate, Elenchus Motuum Nuperorum in Anglia, or, A Short Historical Account of the Rise and Progress of the Late Troubles in England‎, London, page 41:[...] Deputies were sent with Commissions into all the Counties; and the Parliamentarian Rebels by force and their own authority, invade the Militia, which they could not obtain from the King by petitioning.
** 1692, Anthony Wood, Athenæ Oxonienses‎, volume 2, London: Thomas Bennet, page 291:But while he continued there, he shew’d himself a Dunce, a Tale-bearer to the Parliamentarian Visitors that then acted in the University, and a factious person.
** 1771, [Oliver] Goldsmith, “Charles I. (Continued.)”, in The History of England, from the Earliest Times to the Death of George II. […], volume III, London: […] T[homas] Davies, […]; [T.] Becket and [P. A.] De Hondt; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 271:The Scotch and parliamentarian army had joined, and were beſieging York; when prince Rupert, joined by the marquis of Newcaſtle, determined to raiſe the ſiege.
** 1895, Hereford Brooke George, chapter 9, in Battles of English History,‎, London: Methuen, page 128:There were large regions which were very decidedly royalist, others almost as distinctly parliamentarian [...]
# fat logic
## English
### Alternative forms

* fatlogic

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

fat logic (uncountable)
* (Internet slang, derogatory) Illogical or scientifically inaccurate reasoning used by obese people and fat activists to argue that weight loss is unhealthy or impossible.
** 2015 June 19, Marilia Brocchetto, “Reddit's 'bullies' pushed me to fight weight gain”, in CNN‎, archived from the original on 2023-01-26:The site has actually developed Conditions2Cognition posts where users can say thank you or tell the forum how they beat their own fatlogic with their help. There are a ton of us fat readers who look for inspiration and help online.
** 2016 November 10, Sofia Apostolidou, Jules Sturm, “Weighing Posthumanism: Fatness and Contested Humanity”, in Social Inclusion, volume 4, number 4, Lisbon: Cogitatio Press, →DOI, →ISSN, page 154:According to the sidebar, "This sub is a place for you to tell us about hamplanets in your life and your relationships/encounters with them. Remember that hamplanet is not just about the weight, but also the hamentality—rudeness, entitlement, fatlogic, etc. Not all fat people are hambeasts but all hambeasts are fat people".
** 2019 January 5, Nadja Hermann, “I lost 13 stone – now I know the truth about obesity”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian‎, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-16:Fat logic is not just a problem for fat people; I have never met a person who was completely free of it.

### See also

* body positivity
* fat acceptance

### Further reading

* “Fat Logic”, in Know Your Meme, launched 2007
* “fatlogic”, in Urban Dictionary, launched 1999.
# exegesis
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐξήγησις (exḗgēsis, “interpretation”), from ἐξηγέομαι (exēgéomai, “I explain, interpret”), from ἐξ (ex, “out”) + ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai, “I lead, guide”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ɛksɪˈdʒiːsɪs/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ɛksɪˈd͡ʒisɪs/

### Noun

exegesis (countable and uncountable, plural exegeses)
* A critical explanation or interpretation of a text, especially a religious text.
** 1885, Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson (original translators and editors), Arthur Cleveland Coxe (editor of American edition), Philip Schaff (also credited as editor), Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II
    Accordingly Athanasius complains loudly of their exegesis (Ep. Æg. 3–4, cf. Orat. i. 8, 52), and insists (id. i. 54, cf. already de Decr. 14) on the primary necessity of always conscientiously studying the circumstances of time and place, the person addressed, the subject matter, and purpose of the writer, in order not to miss the true sense.
** 1913, Francis Aveling, “Rationalism”, in Catholic Encyclopedia (1913):As with Deism and Materialism, the German Rationalism invaded the department of Biblical exegesis.
** 1940, Mortimer J. Adler, Two Essays on Docility:Historical scholarship bears exclusively on interpretive reading; when it is properly subordinated as a means, its end is exegesis; all of its techniques are of service to the grammatical art. But exegesis is not the end; nor is grammar the highest art. Exegesis is for the sake of a fair critical judgment, grammar for the sake of logic and rhetoric.
* An explanatory note; a gloss.

#### Related terms

* eisegesis
* epexegesis
* exegete
* exegetical

#### Translations
### See also

* eisegesis
* hermeneutics

## Latin
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐξήγησις (exḗgēsis, “interpretation”).

### Noun

exēgēsis f (genitive exēgēsis); third declension
* exegesis
* exposition

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem).
# 暈機浪
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): wan$^4$ gei$^1$ long$^6$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wan$^4$ gei$^1$ long$^6$
*** Yale: wàhn gēi lohng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wan$^4$ gei$^1$ long$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wen$^4$ géi$^1$ long$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐn²¹ kei̯⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²²/

### Verb

暈機浪
* (Cantonese) to become airsick; to suffer from airsickness

#### Synonyms

* 暈機／晕机 (yùnjī)

#### Related terms

* 暈浪／晕浪
* 暈車浪／晕车浪
* 暈船浪／晕船浪
# repatriować
## Polish
### Etymology

Internationalism; compare English repatriate, French repatrier, German repatriieren, ultimately from Latin repatriō + -ować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɛ.paˈtrjɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: re‧pa‧trio‧wać

### Verb

repatriować impf or pf
* (transitive, literary) to repatriate (to send (someone) back to their own country)
* (intransitive or reflexive with się, literary) to remigrate
    Synonym: reemigrować

#### Conjugation

Imperfective:
Perfective:

#### Related terms

* repatriacyjny
* repatriancki
* repatriacja
* repatriant
* repatriantka

### Further reading

* repatriować in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* repatriować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# fetching way
## English
### Verb

fetching way
* present participle and gerund of fetch way
# pooping oneself
## English
### Verb

pooping oneself
* present participle and gerund of poop oneself
# rygges
## Danish
### Noun

rygges c
* indefinite genitive plural of ryg

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Verb

rygges
* passive form of rygge
# Atenagora
## Italian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀθηναγόρας (Athēnagóras).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.teˈna.ɡo.ra/
* Rhymes: -aɡora
* Hyphenation: A‧te‧nà‧go‧ra

### Proper noun

Atenagora m
* a male given name, equivalent to English Athenagoras

### Further reading

* Atenagora (nome) on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{it}$
# niepełny
## Polish
### Etymology

From nie- +‎ pełny.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɲɛˈpɛw.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛwnɘ
* Syllabification: nie‧peł‧ny

### Adjective

niepełny (not comparable, derived adverb niepełno)
* incomplete
    Synonyms: niecały, niekompletny, niezupełny

#### Derived terms

* niepełność

### Further reading

* niepełny in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# fancies one's chances
## English
### Verb

fancies one's chances
* third-person singular simple present indicative of fancy one's chances
# khảm
## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [xaːm˧˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [kʰaːm˧˨] ~ [xaːm˧˨]
* (Saigon) IPA: [kʰaːm˨˩˦] ~ [xaːm˨˩˦]

### Verb

khảm • (坎)
* to inlay
# presbítero
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /pɾezˈbi.te.ɾu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /pɾezˈbi.te.ɾu/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /pɾeʒˈbi.te.ɾu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /pɾezˈbi.te.ɾo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɾɨʒˈbi.tɨ.ɾu/ [pɾɨʒˈβi.tɨ.ɾu]
* Hyphenation: pres‧bí‧te‧ro

### Noun

presbítero m (plural presbíteros)
* presbyter
* priest; clergyman
    Synonyms: padre, sacerdote

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin presbyterī, from Ancient Greek πρεσβύτερος (presbúteros, “elder”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɾesˈbiteɾo/ [pɾezˈβ̞i.t̪e.ɾo]
* Rhymes: -iteɾo
* Syllabification: pres‧bí‧te‧ro

### Noun

presbítero m (plural presbíteros)
* presbyter

#### Derived terms

* presbiteral

#### Related terms

* presbiterado

### Further reading

* “presbítero”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# resmen
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish رسما, from Arabic رَسْمًا (rasman), adverbial accusative of رَسْم (rasm). By surface analysis, resim +‎ -en.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾesmæn/

### Adverb

resmen
* officially
* formally (in form)
* seriously, in earnest (frequently found in informal speech in diverse connotations, sometimes ironically or in disbelieve for something which should not happen or done seriously but done all the same)
    resmen saçmaladın ― seriously! this is all nonsense.
    resmen yalan ― it is an out-and-out lie.

#### Related terms

* resim

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “resim”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “رسما”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 973
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN
# untruthful
## English
### Etymology

From un- +‎ truthful.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Adjective

untruthful (comparative more untruthful, superlative most untruthful)
* Not giving the truth; providing untrue facts; lying.
** 1965, Ann Ree Colton, The soul and the ethic, page 167:He who obeys not the good Shepherd of the soul and heart has an untruthful mind; a mind filled with fallacies; a mind of wrong resolvings and concludings.
* Pertaining to falsehood; corrupt; dishonest.

#### Antonyms

* truthful

#### Derived terms

* untruthfully
* untruthfulness
# forført
## Danish
### Verb

forført
* past participle of forføre

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Verb

forført
* past participle of forføre
# komunisma
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [komuˈnisma]
* Rhymes: -isma
* Hyphenation: ko‧mu‧nis‧ma

### Adjective

komunisma (accusative singular komunisman, plural komunismaj, accusative plural komunismajn)
* communistic

#### Derived terms

* komunisme
* komunisto

#### Related terms

* komunismo
# määräillä
## Finnish
### Etymology

määrätä +‎ -illa

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmæːræi̯lːæˣ/, [ˈmæːræi̯lːæ(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -æːræilːæ
* Hyphenation: mää‧räil‧lä

### Verb

määräillä
* (transitive, usually atelic) to boss around

#### Derived terms

* määräily

### Further reading

* “määräillä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# leaving to the imagination
## English
### Verb

leaving to the imagination
* present participle and gerund of leave to the imagination
# учиться
## Russian
### Etymology

From учи́ть (učítʹ) +‎ -ся (-sja), from Old East Slavic учити (učiti) and сѧ (sę), from Proto-Slavic *učiti and *sę.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʊˈt͡ɕit͡sːə]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

учи́ться • (učítʹsja) impf (perfective вы́учиться or научи́ться)
* to learn (to receive knowledge or skills or to gain useful experience)
    Он у́чится у свои́х друзе́й. ― On účitsja u svoíx druzéj. ― He learns from his friends.
    учи́ться на свои́х/со́бственных оши́бках ― učítʹsja na svoíx/sóbstvennyx ošíbkax ― to learn from one's mistakes
    учи́ться на приме́ре/приме́рах ― učítʹsja na primére/primérax ― to learn by example
    учи́ться по кни́гам ― učítʹsja po knígam ― to learn from/using books
    Век живи́, век учи́сь. (saying) ― Vek živí, vek učísʹ. ― (You) live and learn. (literally, “Live a century, learn a century.”)
    Век живи́, век учи́сь, а дурако́м помрёшь. (sarcastic variant) ― Vek živí, vek učísʹ, a durakóm pomrjóšʹ. ― The more you know, the more you forget. (literally, “Live a century, learn a century, and you'll die a fool.”)
** 1967 [1899], Vladimir Lenin, “Попятное направление в русской социал-демократии”, in Ленин В. И. ― Полное собрание сочинений, volume 4, page 269; English translation from “A Retrograde Trend in Russian Social-Democracy”, in Lenin's Collected Works, volume 4, 1977, pages 280-281:[…] среди рабочих выделяются настоящие герои, которые — несмотря на безобразную обстановку своей жизни, несмотря на отупляющую каторжную работу на фабрике, — находят в себе столько характера и силы воли, чтобы учиться, учиться и учиться и вырабатывать из себя сознательных социал-демократов, «рабочую интеллигенцию».[…] sredi rabočix vydeljajutsja nastojaščije geroi, kotoryje — nesmotrja na bezobraznuju obstanovku svojej žizni, nesmotrja na otupljajuščuju katoržnuju rabotu na fabrike, — naxodjat v sebe stolʹko xaraktera i sily voli, štoby učitʹsja, učitʹsja i učitʹsja i vyrabatyvatʹ iz sebja soznatelʹnyx social-demokratov, «rabočuju intelligenciju». […] real heroes are coming to the fore from amongst the workers, who, despite their wretched living conditions, despite the stultifying penal servitude of factory labour, possess so much character and will-power that they study, study, [and] study, and turn themselves into conscious Social-Democrats — “the working-class intelligentsia.”
* to learn [with dative ‘a skill, principle, thing etc.’ or infinitive ‘to do something’]
    Perfective: научи́ться (naučítʹsja)
    Я мно́гому учу́сь. ― Ja mnógomu učúsʹ. ― I'm learning a lot.
    учи́ться води́ть (маши́ну) ― učítʹsja vodítʹ (mašínu) ― to learn to drive
    Учи́сь уму́ на чужо́й глу́пости / Учи́сь му́дрости на чужи́х оши́бках (proverbs) ― Učísʹ umú na čužój glúposti / Učísʹ múdrosti na čužíx ošíbkax ― Learn wisdom by the follies of others.
* reflexive of учи́ть (učítʹ); to study (to receive education)
    Perfective: вы́учиться (výučitʹsja)
    Он у́чится в университе́те. ― On účitsja v universitéte. ― He studies at university.
    учи́ться на юри́ста ― učítʹsja na jurísta ― to study to be a lawyer

#### Derived terms

See учить § Derived terms.
# πέλλα
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology 1

The comparison with Latin pēlvis (“bowl, dish”) or Sanskrit पालवी (pālavī, “a kind of vessel”), पारी (pārī, “milk pail”) is unconvincing, and does not lead to an Indo-European reconstruction. Furnée suggests a Pre-Greek origin, which is tentatively supported by Beekes. On the other hand, Kroonen derives the Greek from a Proto-Indo-European *pel(w)- (“vessel”), and connects Proto-Germanic *fullą (“cup, beaker”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pél.la/ → /ˈpel.la/ → /ˈpe.la/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pél.la/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈpel.la/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈpel.la/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈpel.la/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈpe.la/

#### Noun

πέλλᾰ • (péllă) f (genitive πέλλης); first declension
* wooden bowl, milk pail
* a kind of drinking-cup

##### Derived terms

* πελλαντῆρα (pellantêra)
* πελλητήρ (pellētḗr)
* πελλίς (pellís)
* πελλίχνη (pellíkhnē)

### Etymology 2

Assuming a Pre-Greek form *πελσᾱ (*pelsā), it has been connected with Proto-Germanic *falisaz (“rock, cliff”), Old Irish ail (“crag”) and Sanskrit पाषाण (pāṣāṇa, “rock, stone”). However, the variation *pelso-/*peliso- does not seem Indo-European. The noun could be identical to the Macedonian town Πέλλα (Pélla). Furnée further compares φελλεύς (phelleús, “stony ground”), which points to a Pre-Greek origin.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpel.la/ → /ˈpe.la/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈpel.la/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈpel.la/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈpel.la/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈpe.la/

#### Noun

πέλλα • (pélla)
* Hesychius gives the definition as: λίθος (líthos, “stone”).

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πέλλα 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1167-8
* ↑ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fulla-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 159
* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πέλλα 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1168

### Further reading

* “πέλλα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πέλλα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “πέλλα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* πέλλα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* πέλλα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* Hesychius' Lexicon: π
* “πέλλα”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
# saved someone's face
## English
### Verb

saved someone's face
* simple past and past participle of save someone's face