# 慚

| 慚 | U+615A, &#24922; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-615A |
| ← 慙 [U+6159] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 慛 → [U+615B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

慚 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心十十中 (PJJL), four-corner 9202$_1$, composition ⿰忄斬)

#### Derived characters

* 𢣥

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 398, character 40
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11096
* Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2344, character 20
* Unihan data for U+615A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 慚 | *zaːm |
| 慙 | *zaːm |
| 鏨 | *zaːm, *zaːmʔ, *zaːms, *zeːm, *zamʔ |
| 槧 | *zaːmʔ, *sʰam, *sʰams, *zamʔ |
| 暫 | *zaːms |
| 蹔 | *zaːms |
| 斬 | *ʔsreːmʔ |
| 獑 | *zeːm, *zaːm |
| 嶃 | *zreːmʔ, *zaːm |
| 覱 | *ʔsraːms |
| 摲 | *sʰraːms |
| 漸 | *ʔsam, *zamʔ |
| 塹 | *sʰams |
| 壍 | *sʰams |
| 嬱 | *sʰams |
| 螹 | *zam, *zamʔ |
| 蔪 | *zamʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zaːm) : phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cán (can$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caam$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zang$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhâm / chhân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cán
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cán
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻan$^2$
*** Yale: tsán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsarn
*** Palladius: цань (canʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caam$^4$
*** Yale: chàahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːm²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhâm
*** Tâi-lô: tshâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhaam
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰam²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam²³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhân
*** Tâi-lô: tshân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhaan
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰan²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰan²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dzam
Rime :
| Character | 慚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 昨甘切 |
| Baxter | dzam |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zɑm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zɑm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zɑm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zam/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zɑm/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zɑm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱɑm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤam/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zaːm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 慚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzam › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]ˁam/ |
| English | ashamed |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 慚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16788 |
| Phonetic component | 斬 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 慙 |
| Old Chinese | /*zaːm/ |
| Notes | 同慙 |

### Definitions

慚
* ashamed; embarrassed

### Usage notes

* Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》) proscribes the use of the pronunciation cǎn for this character.

### Compounds

* 大言不慚 / 大言不惭 (dàyánbùcán)
* 慚德 / 惭德
* 慚怍 / 惭怍 (cánzuò)
* 慚恧 / 惭恧
* 慚恨 / 惭恨
* 慚恩 / 惭恩
* 慚悚 / 惭悚
* 慚惶 / 惭惶
* 慚感 / 惭感
* 慚愧 / 惭愧 (cánkuì)
* 慚愧無地 / 惭愧无地
* 慚沮 / 惭沮
* 慚皺 / 惭皱
* 慚色 / 惭色 (cánsè)
* 慚赧 / 惭赧
* 慚鳧企鶴 / 惭凫企鹤
* 林慚澗愧 / 林惭涧愧
* 滿面羞慚 / 满面羞惭
* 燕妒鶯慚 / 燕妒莺惭
* 羞慚 / 羞惭 (xiūcán)
* 自慚形穢 / 自惭形秽 (zìcánxínghuì)
* 衾影無慚 / 衾影无惭

### References

* “慚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “惭”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 22.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ざん (zan)
* Kan-on: さん (san)
* Kun: はじ (haji, 慚)、はじる (hajiru, 慚じる)

## Korean
### Hanja

慚 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

慚: Hán Nôm readings: tàm, tuồm, tam, tom, tùm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.