# 堞

| 堞 | U+581E, &#22558; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-581E |
| ← 堝 [U+581D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 堟 → [U+581F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

堞 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土心廿木 (GPTD), four-corner 4419$_4$, composition ⿰土枼)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 233, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5248
* Dae Jaweon: page 470, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 460, character 5
* Unihan data for U+581E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 堞
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 貰 | *ɦljebs, *hljebs |
| 跇 | *l̥ʰebs, *lebs |
| 迣 | *ʔljebs |
| 世 | *hljebs |
| 泄 | *lebs, *sled |
| 枻 | *lebs |
| 詍 | *lebs |
| 靾 | *lebs |
| 袣 | *lebs |
| 抴 | *lebs, *led |
| 呭 | *lebs |
| 勩 | *lebs, *libs |
| 屜 | *l̥ʰeːbs |
| 鰈 | *l̥ʰaːb, *l'eːb |
| 渫 | *zreːb, *sled |
| 煠 | *zreːb, *l̥ʰeb, *leb |
| 喋 | *rlaːb, *ʔl'eːb, *l'eːb |
| 鞢 | *rlaːb, *sleːb |
| 殜 | *l'eb, *leb, *lab |
| 葉 | *hljeb, *leb |
| 弽 | *hljeb, *hleːb |
| 韘 | *hljeb, *sleːb |
| 枼 | *leb |
| 楪 | *leb |
| 揲 | *leb, *l'eːb, *ɦljed |
| 鍱 | *leb |
| 偞 | *leb, *hleːb |
| 蝶 | *l̥ʰeːb, *l'eːb |
| 牒 | *l'eːb |
| 蹀 | *l'eːb |
| 諜 | *l'eːb |
| 堞 | *l'eːb |
| 牃 | *l'eːb |
| 褋 | *l'eːb |
| 惵 | *l'eːb |
| 碟 | *l'eːb |
| 屧 | *sleːb |
| 屟 | *sleːb |
| 紲 | *sled |
| 齛 | *sled |
| 疶 | *sled |
| 緤 | *sled |
| 媟 | *sled |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dié (die$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dip$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dié
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dié
*** Wade–Giles: tieh$^2$
*** Yale: dyé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dye
*** Palladius: де (de)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dip$^6$
*** Yale: dihp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dip$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dib$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiːp̚²/
* Middle Chinese: dep
Rime :
| Character | 堞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 怗 (158) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 徒協切 |
| Baxter | dep |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dep̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dep̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛp̚/ |
| Li Rong | /dep̚/ |
| Wang Li | /diep̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱiep̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dié |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dip$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'eːb/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 堞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11576 |
| Phonetic component | 世 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 牒 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'eːb/ |
| Notes | 說文從葉 |

### Definitions

堞
* plate

### Compounds

* 城堞
* 雉堞 (zhìdié)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ちょう (chō)、じょう (jō)
* Kun: ひめがき (himegaki)

## Korean
### Hanja

堞 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

堞: Hán Nôm readings: nhịp, điệp, dịp
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation