# 幫

| 幫 | U+5E6B, &#24171; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E6B |
| ← 幪 [U+5E6A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 幬 → [U+5E6C] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 幫 |
| Shinjitai | 幇 |
| Simplified | 帮 |

### Han character

幫 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 土戈竹日月 (GIHAB), four-corner 4422$_7$, composition ⿱封帛)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 337, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9125
* Dae Jaweon: page 644, character 28
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 756, character 15
* Unihan data for U+5E6B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 幫 | *paːŋ |
| 鞤 | *paːŋ |
| 封 | *poŋ, *poŋs |
| 葑 | *poŋ, *poŋs |
| 犎 | *poŋ |
| 崶 | *poŋ |
| 湗 | *poŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *paːŋ) : phonetic 封 (OC *poŋ, *poŋs) + semantic 帛 (“silk”) – originally, the upper part of a shoe (鞋幫).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): bāng (bang$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄅㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bang$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бон (bon, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bong$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): bong$^1$ / bong$^{1*}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): bong$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pông
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bong$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): bon$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): bó̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): bŏng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pang / png / pn̂g / pn̄g / pong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bang$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$paon
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): ban$^1$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): ban$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bang
*** Wade–Giles: pang$^1$
*** Yale: bāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bang
*** Palladius: бан (ban)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: bang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bang
*** Sinological IPA : /paŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бон (bon, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bong$^1$
*** Yale: bōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔːŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: bong$^1$ / bong$^{1*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔŋ³³/, /pɔŋ³³⁻³³⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: bong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pông
*** Hakka Romanization System: bong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /poŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: bong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: bon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pɒ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bó̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /pouŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pang
*** Tâi-lô: pang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pafng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /paŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /paŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: png
*** Tâi-lô: png
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pngf
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pŋ̍³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pŋ̍⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: pn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pngg
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pŋ̍¹³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pn̄g
*** Tâi-lô: pn̄g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: png
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pŋ̍²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pong
*** Tâi-lô: pong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pofng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pɔŋ⁴⁴/
* pang - literary, to help (Mainland China), gang, classifier for group of people (Mainland China), classifier for scheduled transportation, classifier for batches;
* png/pn̂g/pn̄g - vernacular, to supplement, to participate in betting, to sublet, to expand;
* pong - literary.
* Middle Chinese: pang
Rime :
| Character | 幫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 博旁切 |
| Baxter | pang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /paŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /pɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /pɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*paːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 幫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3251 |
| Phonetic component | 封 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 幫 |
| Old Chinese | /*paːŋ/ |
| Notes | 段玉裁雲源自䋽 |

### Definitions

幫
* the sides of an object (particularly a shoe)
    船幫／船帮 ― chuánbāng ― shipboard
* to help; to assist; to aid
* gang; faction; group
    福建幫／福建帮 [Cantonese] ― fuk$^1$ gin$^3$ bong$^1$ [Jyutping] ― Fujian gang
* (informal, derogatory) Classifier for groups of people.
    一幫孩子／一帮孩子 ― yī bāng háizǐ ― a bunch of children
    一幫土匪／一帮土匪 ― yī bāng tǔfěi ― a gang of bandits
* (dialectal) for
    幫我買件衫／帮我买件衫 [Cantonese] ― bong$^1$ ngo$^5$ maai$^5$ gin$^6$ saam$^1$ [Jyutping] ― buy a shirt for me
* (Shanghainese) and; with
       $^6$ngu $^1$paon $^6$non $^5$tau $^1$saon-zan-chi [Wugniu]
       I'll go to the shopping mall with you.
* (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 幫 (MC pang)
* (Hokkien) Classifier for scheduled forms of transportation, such as flights and trains.
* (Hokkien) Classifier for batches of letters, bulk deliveries, etc.
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to supplement (on the side)
* (Xiamen Hokkien) to participate in or to depend partially or entirely on betting, contests, etc. for profit
    Synonym: 班 (bān)
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to sublet; to sublease
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to expand; to enlarge; to extend

#### Synonyms

* (to help):
* 佐理 (zuǒlǐ) (literary, with a task)
* 使勁 / 使劲 (shǐjìn)
* 加勢 / 加势 (jiāshì)
* 助 (zhù)
* 助力 (zhùlì)
* 助理 (zhùlǐ)
* 助益 (zhùyì) (literary)
* 匡助 (kuāngzhù) (literary)
* 協助 / 协助 (xiézhù)
* 參佐 / 参佐 (cānzuǒ) (literary)
* 增援 (zēngyuán, “to provide reinforcements”)
* 幫助 / 帮助 (bāngzhù)
* 幫同 / 帮同 (bāngtóng) (literary)
* 幫寸 / 帮寸 (bāngcùn)
* 幫帶 / 帮带 (bāngdài)
* 幫忙 / 帮忙 (bāngmáng)
* 幫手 / 帮手 (bong$^1$ sau$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 幫扶 / 帮扶 (bāngfú)
* 幫襯 / 帮衬 (bāngchèn)
* 幫贈 / 帮赠 (Hokkien)
* 扶
* 扶助 (fúzhù)
* 扶持 (fúchí)
* 扶掖 (fúyè) (formal)
* 拉巴 (dialectal)
* 挺 (tǐng)
* 援助 (yuánzhù)
* 𢯭手 (Hakka)
* 支助 (zhīzhù) (literary)
* 支持 (zhīchí)
* 支援 (zhīyuán)
* 救 (jiù)
* 相幫 / 相帮 (xiāngbāng) (dialectal)
* 相輔 / 相辅 (Teochew)
* 翼 (yì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 聲援 / 声援 (shēngyuán, “to express support for”)
* 臂助 (bìzhù) (literary)
* 補益 / 补益 (bǔyì)
* 補臺 / 补台 (bǔtái) (mainland China)
* 贈力 / 赠力 (Hokkien)
* 贈助 / 赠助 (Hokkien)
* 贊喙 / 赞喙 (“to express support for”) (Hokkien)
* 贈手 / 赠手 (Hokkien)
* 贊聲 / 赞声 (“to express support for”) (Hokkien)
* 輔助 / 辅助 (fǔzhù)
* 陪 (péi) (literary, or in compounds)
* 鬥幫贈 / 斗帮赠 (Hokkien)
* 鬥相共 / 斗相共 (Hokkien)
* 鬥跤手 / 斗跤手 (Hokkien)
* 鬥跤搭 / 斗跤搭 (Hokkien)
* (for):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 替, 為 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 給, 替 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 給, 替 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 替 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 給, 替 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 替, 給 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 幫, 給, 跟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 跟, 幫 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 代, 替 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 代, 幫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 同, 幫 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 同, 幫 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 替, 幐 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 跟, 幫 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 同, 代 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 替, 給 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 替, 幫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 替, 共 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 替, 共 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 共 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 共 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 替, 共 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 替, 共 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 代, 個 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 個 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 幫, 搭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 替, 搭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 代 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 幫, 跟, 代 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 幫 |
* (and):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 與, 及 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 和, 與, 及, 與及 Cantonese |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 跟, 和 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 跟, 和 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 和, 跟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 和, 跟 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 和, 跟, 給 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 和 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 和 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong (Ronghe) | 連 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 跟, 連 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 帶, 和 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 給 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 帶 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 連 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 跟, 和 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 跟, 連, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 跟, 給, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 跟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 跟, 同, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 跟, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 跟, 同, 和 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 告, 跟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 跟, 交 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 跟 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 鄧, 同 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 同 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 跟, 同 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 和 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 同, 跟 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 同, 摎 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 澗 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 摎 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 同 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 摎 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 同 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 摎 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 和 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 摎 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 佮 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 搭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 和, 跟 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 給 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 邀 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 邀, 儉, 教 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 邀 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 邀, 跟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 隨 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 傮, 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 跟 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 佮, 交 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 佮, 交 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 交 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 佮, 交 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 佮, 共 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 共 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 共 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 共 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 共 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 同, 同埋 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 跟, 邀 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 搭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 脫 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 搭, 搭仔 |
| Wu | Danyang | 同, 跟 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 同 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 搭, 搭仔 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 伉 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 亨, 跟 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 跟 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 跟 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 跟, 同 |
* (to sublet): 分租

### Compounds

* 一幫 / 一帮
* 丐幫 / 丐帮 (gàibāng)
* 不幫襯 / 不帮衬
* 告幫 / 告帮
* 單幫 / 单帮 (dānbāng)
* 四人幫 / 四人帮 (sìrénbāng)
* 在幫 / 在帮
* 大力幫忙 / 大力帮忙
* 大幫 / 大帮
* 客幫 / 客帮
* 幫丁 / 帮丁
* 幫亂 / 帮乱
* 幫伙 (bānghuǒ)
* 幫住 / 帮住
* 幫個場子 / 帮个场子
* 幫倒忙 / 帮倒忙 (bāng dào máng)
* 幫傭 / 帮佣 (bāngyōng)
* 幫兒 / 帮儿
* 幫冬 / 帮冬
* 幫凶 (bāngxiōng)
* 幫別 / 帮别
* 幫助 / 帮助 (bāngzhù)
* 幫匪 / 帮匪
* 幫口 / 帮口
* 幫嘴 / 帮嘴
* 幫夥 / 帮伙
* 幫套 / 帮套 (bāngtào)
* 幫子 / 帮子 (bāngzi)
* 幫寸 / 帮寸 (bāngcùn)
* 幫工 / 帮工 (bānggōng)
* 幫帖 / 帮帖
* 幫廚 / 帮厨 (bāngchú)
* 幫忙 / 帮忙 (bāngmáng)
* 幫懶鑽閑 / 帮懒钻闲
* 幫手 / 帮手 (bāngshǒu)
* 幫教 / 帮教 (bāngjiào)
* 幫會 / 帮会 (bānghuì)
* 幫派 / 帮派 (bāngpài)
* 幫浦 / 帮浦 (bāngpǔ)
* 幫湊 / 帮凑 (bāngcòu)
* 幫狗吃食 / 帮狗吃食
* 幫班 / 帮班
* 幫腔 / 帮腔 (bāngqiāng)
* 幫興 / 帮兴
* 幫虎吃食 / 帮虎吃食
* 幫補 / 帮补 (bāngbǔ)
* 幫襯 / 帮衬 (bāngchèn)
* 幫貧 / 帮贫 (bāngpín)
* 幫辦 / 帮办 (bāngbàn)
* 幫門戶 / 帮门户
* 幫閑 / 帮闲
* 幫閑鑽懶 / 帮闲钻懒
* 廝幫 / 厮帮
* 廣府幫 / 广府帮
* 拉幫 / 拉帮
* 搭幫 / 搭帮
* 撂地幫 / 撂地帮
* 洪幫 / 洪帮 (Hóngbāng)
* 清幫 / 清帮
* 牙幫骨 / 牙帮骨
* 相幫 / 相帮 (xiāngbāng)
* 穿幫 / 穿帮 (chuānbāng)
* 紅幫 / 红帮 (Hóngbāng)
* 腮幫子 / 腮帮子 (sāibāngzi)
* 船幫 / 船帮 (chuánbāng)
* 落地幫 / 落地帮
* 行幫 / 行帮 (hángbāng)
* 訪山幫 / 访山帮
* 走單幫 / 走单帮
* 跑單幫 / 跑单帮 (pǎodānbāng)
* 鑽懶幫閑 / 钻懒帮闲
* 開幫 / 开帮
* 青幫 / 青帮 (Qīngbāng)
* 鞋幫 / 鞋帮 (xiébāng)
* 馬幫 / 马帮
* 黑幫 / 黑帮 (hēibāng)

### References

* “幫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “Entry #12170”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 幇)
* Kyūjitai form of 幇

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ほう (hō)
* Kun: たすける (tasukeru, 幫ける)

### Usage notes

This character form is rarely used in Japan. See 幇 instead.

## Korean
### Hanja

幫 (eumhun 도울 방 (doul bang))
* hanja form of 방 (“help”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

幫: Hán Nôm readings: bang
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.