# 學者
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xuézhě
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄓㄜˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hok$^6$ ze$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ho̍k-chá
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ha̍k-chiá
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuézhě
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄓㄜˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuéjhě
*** Wade–Giles: hsüeh$^2$-chê$^3$
*** Yale: sywé-jě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyuejee
*** Palladius: сюэчжэ (sjuečžɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hok$^6$ ze$^2$
*** Yale: hohk jé
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hok$^9$ dze$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hog$^6$ zé$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːk̚² t͡sɛː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ho̍k-chá
*** Hakka Romanization System: hog za$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hog$^6$ za$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /hok̚⁵ t͡sa³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍k-chiá
*** Tâi-lô: ha̍k-tsiá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hagciar
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hak̚²⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: haewk tsyaeX
Rime :
| Character | 學 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 覺 (10) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 胡覺切 | 章也切 |
| Baxter | haewk | tsyaeX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠʌk̚/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚɔk̚/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɔk̚/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨwk̚/ | /cia$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɔk̚/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɔk̚/ | /t͡ɕĭa$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɔk̚/ | /t͡ɕi̯a$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xué | zhě |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hok$^6$ | ze$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kˤruk tAʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡruːɡ tjaːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 學 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xué | zhě |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hæwk › | ‹ tsyæ$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-kˁruk/ | /*tAʔ/ |
| English | study; imitate | (nominalizing particle) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 學 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14079 | 16960 |
| Phonetic component | 學 | 者 |
| Rime group | 覺 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 學 | 者 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡruːɡ/ | /*tjaːʔ/ |
| Notes | 甲文象習持爻於膝前， 金文方加子 | 說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水， 爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說 |

### Noun

學者
* scholar; academic (Classifier: 個／个 m; 名 m; 位 m)
       Zài zhège wèntí shàng, zhuānjiā xuézhěmen gèchíjǐjiàn. [Pinyin]
       Experts and scholars have disagreeing views on this issue.
       Dàolǐ wúqióng, xuézhě xiān yàobudé yǒu zìzú xīn. [Pinyin]
       Truth is infinite; a scholar cannot afford to have a complacent attitude.
* (obsolete) learner; student

#### Synonyms

* (scholar):
* 人士 (rénshì) (literary)
* 儒生 (rúshēng) (literary)
* 士人 (shìrén) (literary)
* 學人 / 学人 (xuérén)
* 學士 / 学士 (xuéshì)
* 文人 (wénrén)
* 文人墨客 (wénrénmòkè)
* 文士 (wénshì)
* 書生 / 书生 (shūshēng)
* 知識人 / 知识人
* 知識分子 / 知识分子
* 秀才 (xiùcái)
* 讀冊人 / 读册人 (Hokkien)
* 讀書人 / 读书人 (dúshūrén)
* 騷人 / 骚人 (sāorén)
* 騷人墨客 / 骚人墨客 (sāorénmòkè)
* 騷客 / 骚客 (sāokè)
* 墨客 (mòkè)
* (learner): 學習者／学习者 (xuéxízhě)

#### Derived terms

* 交流學者 / 交流学者 (jiāoliú xuézhě)
* 訪問學者 / 访问学者 (fǎngwèn xuézhě)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 学者(がくしゃ) (gakusha)
* → Korean: 학자(學者) (hakja)
* → Vietnamese: học giả (學者)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 學 | 者 |
| がく Hyōgai | しゃ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 學者 – see the following entry. :
| 【学者がくしゃ】 | [noun] scholar |
(This term, 學者, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 學 | 者 |

### Noun

學者 • (hakja) (hangeul 학자)
* hanja form of 학자 (“scholar”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 學 | 者 |

### Noun

學者
* chữ Hán form of học giả (“scholar”).