# 人質
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rénzhì
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄓˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jan$^4$ zi$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngin$^3$ zi$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngìn-chṳt
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): jîn-chit / lîn-chit / jîn-chì / lîn-chì
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rénzhì
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄓˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rénjhìh
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^2$-chih$^4$
*** Yale: rén-jr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renjyh
*** Palladius: жэньчжи (žɛnʹčži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$人治 人質 / 人质
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^4$ zi$^3$
*** Yale: yàhn ji
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^4$ dzi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^4$ ji$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn²¹ t͡siː³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngin$^3$ zi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡin²² t͡si³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngìn-chṳt
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngin$^ˇ$ ziid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngin$^2$ zid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋin¹¹ t͡sɨt̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-chit
*** Tâi-lô: jîn-tsit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jincid
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³⁻³³ t͡sit̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-chit
*** Tâi-lô: lîn-tsit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lincid
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² t͡sit̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sit̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lin²⁴⁻²² t͡sit̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-chì
*** Tâi-lô: jîn-tsì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jincix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin¹³⁻²² t͡si²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-chì
*** Tâi-lô: lîn-tsì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lincix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/

### Noun

人質
* hostage
    營救人質／营救人质 ― yíngjiù rénzhì ― to rescue hostages

#### Synonyms

* (Cantonese) 參 / 参 (sam$^1$)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 人 | 質 |
| ひと Grade: 1 | しち > じち Grade: 5 |
| yutōyomi ||

### Etymology

Compound of 人 (hito, “person”) +‎ 質 (shichi, “pawn, hock”). The shichi changes to jichi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The original sense was “indentureship”, from the sense of a person being as if in pawn until a debt is paid. The “hostage” sense then arose by extension, from the person being in pawn until a ransom is paid or some other condition is met.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひとじち [hìtójíchí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çi̥to̞ʑit͡ɕi]

### Noun

人(ひと)質(じち) • (hitojichi)
* a hostage
    人(ひと)質(じち)事(じ)件(けん)
       hitojichi jiken
       a hostage situation
** 2013 September 9, Hideaki Sorachi, “第(だい)四(よん)百(ひゃく)五(ご)十(じゅう)一(いち)訓(くん)人(にん)間(げん)五(ご)十(じゅう)年(ねん)下(げ)天(てん)のうちをくらぶれば　夢(ゆめ) モヒカンの如(ごと)くなり [Lesson 451: Man’s Fifty Years of Life Are Nothing Compared to All Things under the Sky. Nothing But a Dream, a Mohawk.]”, in 銀(ぎん)魂(たま) [Silver Soul], volume 51 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
    落(お)ちつけ　斬(き)り込(こ)みなんてそう簡(かん)単(たん)にできるワケねーだろ　アンタらには俺(おれ)達(たち)人(ひと)質(じち)がついてんだぜ
       Ochitsuke kirikomi nan te sō kantan ni dekiru wake nē daro Anta-ra ni wa ore-tachi hitojichi ga tsuite n da ze
       Chill out, they can’t just barge in here and hurt everyone. You guys still have us as hostages.
* (archaic, original sense) indentureship, the state of being in servitude to another as collateral on or payment of a debt

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 人 | 質 |

### Noun

人質 • (injil) (hangeul 인질)
* hanja form of 인질