# فرعون
## Arabic
### Etymology

The word is not attested before the Qurʾān and the probabilities are that the immediate source for the Arabic is the Classical Syriac ܦܹܪܥܘܼܢ (pɛrʕūn).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fir.ʕawn/

### Proper noun

فِرْعَوْن • (firʕawn) m
* (without article) Pharaoh

#### Declension
### Noun

فِرْعَوْن • (firʕawn) m (plural فَرَاعِنَة (farāʕina))
* a pharaoh (an ancient Egyptian ruler)

#### Descendants

* Hijazi Arabic: فرعون (firʕōn)
* Maltese: fergħun
* → Bashkir: фирғәүен (firğəwen)
* → Bengali: ফেরাউন (pheraun)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: फ़िरौन (firaun)
    Urdu: فرعون (firaun)
* → Malay: firaun
* → Ottoman Turkish: فرعون (firʼavun)
** Turkish: firavun
* → Persian: فرعون (fer'own)
* → Swahili: firauni
* → Tajik: фиръавн (firʾavn)
* → Uzbek: firʼavn

### References

* Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 225
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “فرعون”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

### Further reading

* فرعون on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{ar}$

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fir.ʕoːn/, [fɪr.ʕo̞ːn]

### Noun

فرعون • (firʕōn) m (plural فراعنة (farāʕna))
* pharaoh

## Kohistani Shina
### Noun

فرعون (fir'on)
* pharaoh

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn, “pharaoh”), probably from Classical Syriac ܦܹܪܥܘܼܢ (pɛrʕūn).

### Noun

فرعون • (firʼavun) (definite accusative فرعونی (firʼavunu), plural فرعونلر (firʼavunlar))
* (historical) pharaoh, the supreme ruler of Ancient Egypt and the intermediary between the gods and the people

#### Derived terms

* فرعون انجیری (firʼavun inciri, “sycamore”)
* فرعون تاجی (firʼavun tacı, “bishop's mitre shell”)
* فرعون تپه‌سی (firʼavun tepesi, “pyramid”)
* فرعون فاره‌سی (firʼavun faresi, “ichneumon”)
* فرعونلق (firʼavunluk, “self-willed craft”)
* فرعونی (firʼavunî, “self-willed craft”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: firavun

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “فرعون”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 410
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “firavun”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1596
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “فرعون”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 342a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “فرعون”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 894
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Pharao”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1295
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “فرعون”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3502
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “firavun”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “فرعون”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1377

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from the Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [fiɾ.ʔawn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fɪɾ.ʔäwn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fɪɾ.ʔäwn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [fɪ.ɾäwn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [fi.ɾäwn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [feɹ.ʔown]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [fiɾ.ʔäwn]

### Noun

| Dari | فرعون |
| Iranian Persian | فرعون |
| Tajik | фиръавн |
فرعون • (fer'own) (plural فراعنه (farâ'ene) or فرعون‌ها (fer'own-hâ))
* pharaoh

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /fɪɾ.(ʔ)ɔːn/
* Rhymes: -ɔːn
* Hyphenation: فِر‧عَون

### Noun

فرعون • (fir‘aun) m (formal plural فراعنہ, Hindi spelling फ़िरौन)
* pharaoh

#### Declension

Declension of فرعون :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | فِرْعَون (fir'aun) | فِرْعَون (fir'aun) |
| oblique | فِرْعَون (fir'aun) | فِرْعَونوں (fir'aunõ) |
| vocative | فِرْعَون (fir'aun) | فِرْعَونو (fir'auno) |

#### Descendants

* → Hindi: फ़िरऔन (firaaun), फ़िरौन (firaun)

### References

* “فرعون”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “فرعون”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.