# 摔

| 摔 | U+6454, &#25684; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6454 |
| ← 摓 [U+6453] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 摕 → [U+6455] |

## Translingual
### Han character

摔 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 手卜戈十 (QYIJ), four-corner 5004$_3$, composition ⿰扌率)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 449, character 27
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12577
* Dae Jaweon: page 800, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1949, character 4
* Unihan data for U+6454

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 率.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shuāi (shuai$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄞ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seot$^1$ / seoi$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sáe̤k
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sut / siak / sak / soai
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$seq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shuāi
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄞ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shuai
*** Wade–Giles: shuai$^1$
*** Yale: shwāi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuai
*** Palladius: шуай (šuaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seot$^1$ / seoi$^1$
*** Yale: sēut / sēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soet$^7$ / soey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêd$^1$ / sêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵt̚⁵/, /sɵy̯⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sáe̤k
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔyʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sut
*** Tâi-lô: sut
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sud
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sut̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sut̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siak
*** Tâi-lô: siak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siag
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siak̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sak
*** Tâi-lô: sak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soai
*** Tâi-lô: suai
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soay
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /suai⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suai³³/
* sut - literary (“to eat quickly; to whip; tool for whipping; to glance quickly; to quickly shoot”);
* siak/sak - vernacular (俗) (“to stumble; to fall; to beat”);
* soai - vernacular (俗) (only in Mandarin words such as 摔打 and 摔跤).

#### Definitions

摔
* to stumble; to lose one's balance; to fall
    摔了一跤 ― shuāi le yī jiāo ― to have had a fall
       tùi bîn-chhn̂g siak lo̍h thô͘-kha [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       to fall to the ground from the bed
* to plunge; to fall
       Tā cóng mǎbèi shàng shuāi le xiàlái. [Pinyin]
       He fell off a horse.
    飛機摔了下來。／飞机摔了下来。 ― Fēijī shuāi le xiàlái. ― The airplane plunged.
* to cause to fall and break
       Wǒ bù xiǎoxīn bǎ bēizi shuāi le. [Pinyin]
       I broke the cup accidentally.
       The̍h hó, m̄-thang siak phòa. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       Hold it well, don't drop and break it.
* to fling; to cast; to throw
       bǎ màozi wǎng zhuōzi shàng yī shuāi [Pinyin]
       to throw one's cap onto the table
* to beat; to knock; to thresh (to remove anything attached)
    把鞋底的泥摔摔 ― bǎ xiédǐ de ní shuāi shuāi ― to beat the mud off the bottom of one's shoes
    摔麥仔／摔麦仔 [Hokkien] ― sut be̍h-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to thresh wheat
* (Hokkien) to eat quickly
       Sió-mōe to iáu-bōe chia̍h pòaⁿ chhùi--leh, lí tō sut liáu-liáu. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       My sister hasn't even taken a bite yet, and you've gorged it all up.
* (Hokkien) to whip; to flog (with a whip, rod, etc.)
       I hō͘ kéng-chhat sut kah lâu-hoeh-lâu-tih. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       He was whipped by the police until he was bleeding.
* (Hokkien) whip; whisk
    蠓摔 [Hokkien] ― báng-sut [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― fly-whisk
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to glance quickly
    摔目 [Hokkien] ― sut-ba̍k [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to quickly glance at someone
* (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to quickly shoot
    摔短銃／摔短铳 [Hokkien] ― sut té-chhèng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to quickly shoot a pistol

##### Synonyms

* (to fall):
* 倒下 (dǎoxià)
* 摔倒 (shuāidǎo)
* 橫落 / 横落 (Hakka)
* 甩 (dialectal Cantonese)
* 跌 (diē)
* 跌倒 (diēdǎo)
* (to fling):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 投 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 扔, 丟, 拋, 擲$_1$, 摔 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 扔, 溜, 拽, 砍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 扔, 丟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 丟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 丟 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 扔, 拽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 撂, 丟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 甩, 丟, 掟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 丟, 掟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 丟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 摔 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 甩 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 掟, 抌, 掉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 掟, 抌, 掉 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 拋, 釘 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 㧒, 撜, 擲$_4$ |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 擲$_4$ |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 擳 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 擲$_4$ |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 擲$_4$ |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 擲$_4$ |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 擊 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 砍, 給, 蠻 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 射 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 挌, 抾, 轆, 獻 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 挕, 揕, 擲$_2$, 練, 捔, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 挕, 揕, 擲$_2$, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 挕, 揕, 擲$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 挕, 揕, 捔, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 挕, 揕, 掔 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 揕 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 挕, 揕, 擲$_2$, 捔 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 挕, 揕, 擲$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 捔, 撾, 挒, 標 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 捔, 撾, 挒, 標, 打, 擲$_3$ |
| Wu | Shanghai | 摜, 厾 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 厾, 真 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 𪜃, 甩, 拌 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 射, 釘 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 亞, 打 |

#### Compounds

* no摔
* 不摔
* 拋摔 / 抛摔
* 摔交 (shuāijiāo)
* 摔仔
* 摔倒 (shuāidǎo)
* 摔傷 / 摔伤
* 摔喪 / 摔丧
* 摔手
* 摔打 (shuāidǎ)
* 摔打砸拉
* 摔桶
* 摔炮
* 摔破
* 摔筋斗
* 摔粟
* 摔臉子 / 摔脸子
* 摔角 (shuāijiǎo)
* 摔跤 (shuāijiāo)
* 摔跟頭 / 摔跟头
* 破罐破摔 (pò guàn pò shuāi)
* 胡打海摔
* 蠓摔
* 蠓摔仔
* 蠓摔支
* 過肩摔 / 过肩摔

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to siak above?”)

#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siàng / sàng
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siàng
*** Tâi-lô: siàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siaxng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /siaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siaŋ¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sàng
*** Tâi-lô: sàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: saxng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /saŋ⁴¹/

#### Definitions

摔
* (Hokkien) to throw down forcefully on the ground
       Kan-á siàng lo̍h thô͘-kha, tō khì-liáu-liáu ah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       If the bottle is thrown down forcefully on the ground, then it's done for.

#### Compounds

* 倒摔向
* 摔大眠

### References

* “摔”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “Entry #10499”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
* “Entry #10500”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
* “Entry #7291”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): しゅつ (shutsu)、しゅち (shuchi)、そつ (sotsu)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

摔: Hán Nôm readings: suất, suốt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.