# 芎

| 芎 | U+828E, &#33422; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-828E |
| ← 芍 [U+828D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 芏 → [U+828F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

芎 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿弓 (TN) or 難廿弓 (XTN), four-corner 4472$_7$, composition ⿱艹弓)
* Szechuan lovage

#### Derived characters

* 𢽔

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1018, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30678
* Dae Jaweon: page 1476, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3177, character 1
* Unihan data for U+828E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 弓 | *kʷɯŋ |
| 穹 | *kʰʷɯŋ |
| 焪 | *kʰʷɯŋ, *kʰʷɯŋs |
| 芎 | *kʰʷɯŋ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiōng, qiōng, qióng (xiong$^1$, qiong$^1$, qiong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄥ, ㄑㄩㄥ, ㄑㄩㄥˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gung$^1$ / hung$^1$ / kung$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): guung$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiûng
* Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): goeng$^1$ / gyeng$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syong
*** Wade–Giles: hsiung$^1$
*** Yale: syūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiong
*** Palladius: сюн (sjun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyong
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiung$^1$
*** Yale: chyūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiong
*** Palladius: цюн (cjun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qióng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyóng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiung$^2$
*** Yale: chyúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyong
*** Palladius: цюн (cjun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$ / hung$^1$ / kung$^4$
*** Yale: gūng / hūng / kùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$ / hung$^1$ / kung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$ / hung$^1$ / kung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵/, /hʊŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰʊŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: guung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: giung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kyŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: goeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kœŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gyeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kyøŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
*** Tâi-lô: kiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: khjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 芎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 去宮切 |
| Baxter | khjuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷɯŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 芎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4082 |
| Phonetic component | 弓 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰʷɯŋ/ |

### Definitions

芎
* chuanxiong

### Compounds

* 九芎
* 川芎
* 芎林
* 芎蕉
* 芎藭 / 芎䓖 (xiōngqióng)

### References

* “芎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “芎”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 266.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): きゅう (kyū)、く (ku)

## Korean
### Hanja

芎 • (gung) (hangeul 궁, revised gung, McCune–Reischauer kung, Yale kwung)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.