# 知道
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhīdào
       (Zhuyin): ㄓ ㄉㄠˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi$^1$ dao$^4$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): zhǐdao
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): zhiìdao
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җыдо (žɨdo, I-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zi$^1$ dou$^3$ / zi$^1$ dou$^6$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): dai$^1$ dou$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zi$^1$ dau$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ti-tō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zai$^1$ dao$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhīdào → zhīdao (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄓ ㄉㄠˋ → ㄓ ˙ㄉㄠ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhihdåo
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^1$-tao$^5$
*** Yale: jr̄-dau
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy.daw
*** Palladius: чжидао (čžidao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/ → /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d̥ɑʊ̯²/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zi$^1$ dao$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zdao
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩⁵⁵ tau²¹³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: zhǐdao
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹ tau/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: zhiìdao
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): zhii$^1$ dao$^0$
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹ tɔ/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җыдо (žɨdo, I-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ tɔ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^1$ dou$^3$ / zi$^1$ dou$^6$
*** Yale: jī dou / jī douh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^1$ dou$^3$ / dzi$^1$ dou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^1$ dou$^3$ / ji$^1$ dou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː⁵⁵ tou̯³³/, /t͡siː⁵⁵ tou̯²²/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: dai$^1$ dou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐi²¹³ tɔu³²/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zi$^1$ dau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sz̩¹¹ tau⁴⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti-tō͘
*** Tâi-lô: ti-tōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: di'do
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ti³³ tɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ti⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zai$^1$ dao$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsai tău
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai³³⁻²³ tau³⁵/

#### Verb

知道
* to know (something); to be aware of
    我不知道。 ― Wǒ bù zhīdào. ― I don't know.
    我唔知道。 [Guangzhou Cantonese] ― ngo$^5$ m$^4$ zi$^1$ dou$^3$. [Jyutping] ― I don't know.
       Wǒ zhīdào tā zhù nǎr. [Pinyin]
       I know where he lives.
    我們不知道。／我们不知道。 ― Wǒmen bù zhīdào. ― We don't know.
       Nǐ zhī bù zhīdào tā de míngzi? [Pinyin]
       Do you know his name?
       Wǒmen dōu zhīdào nǐ shì ge dāozi zuǐ dòufu xīn. [Pinyin]
       We all know that even though you talk tough, you're a softy underneath it all.
       Tā bùwùzhèngyè, tiāntiān jiù zhīdào chīhēwánlè. [Pinyin]
       He won't do an honest day's work, and instead spends his days just having fun.
* to understand
       “zi$^1$ m$^4$ zi$^1$ dou$^3$?” “zi$^1$ dou$^3$!” [Jyutping]
       "Got it?" "Got it!"

##### Synonyms

* (to know):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 知 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 知道, 知曉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 知道 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 知道 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 知道 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 知道, 知, 懂 slang |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 知道, 知, 懂 slang |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 知道 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 知道 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 知道 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 知道 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 曉得 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 知道 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 知道 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 知道 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 曉得, 知道, 懂了 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 曉得, 找得到 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 曉得 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 曉得, 曉得信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 曉得 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 知道, 曉得 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 曉得 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 曉得 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Chuzhou | 曉得 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 曉得 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 知, 知道, 曉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 知, 知道 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 知 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 知 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 知, 曉 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 知道 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 知 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 知 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 知 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 知 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 知 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 知道 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 知道 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 知 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 知 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 知 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 知 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 知 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 知, 知隨 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 知隨 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 知, 知隨 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 知 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 知, 知道 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 知 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 知 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 曉得 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 知道 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 曉, 知, 知得 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 曉 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 曉知 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 知 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 知道 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 曉得, 知 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 知 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 知道 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 知道, 知 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 知 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 知道 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 知 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 知 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 知道 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 知道 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 知 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 知 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 知, 知得 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 知 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 知 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 知, 知道 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 知, 知道 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 曉得 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 曉得 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 知, 知得, 曉得 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 知 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 知, 知道 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 知 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 知 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 知得 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 曉得 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 知, 知得 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 知, 知得 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 知, 知得 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 知, 知得, 知著 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 知, 知得 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 知 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 知 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 知 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 曉得 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 知道, 曉得 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 知道 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 得知, 曉得 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 學得 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 學得 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 曉識 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 曉識 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 捌, 捌傳, 曉 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 捌 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 捌 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 捌 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 捌, 會曉 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 捌, 曉 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 捌 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 捌 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 捌傳 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 捌傳 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 捌傳 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 捌傳 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 曉得 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 曉得 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 曉得 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 曉得 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 知, 知影, 知頭, 知機 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 知 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 知, 知影, 知頭, 知機 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 知, 知影, 知頭 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 知影, 知 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 知影 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 知影 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 知影 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 知影 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 知, 知影 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 知, 知影 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 知, 知影 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 知, 知影 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 知, 知影 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 知, 知影 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 知 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 知 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 知, 曉 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 知 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 知 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 知 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 知, 知影, 知影跡 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 知 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 知 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 知 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 知 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 知 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 知 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 知 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 知 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 知 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 知曉 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 知曉 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 得知 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 得知 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 得知 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 知道 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 曉得 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 曉得 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 曉得 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 曉得 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 曉得 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 曉得 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 曉得 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 曉得 |
| Wu | Lishui | 曉得 |
| Wu | Jinyun | 曉得, 得知 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 曉得, 曉著 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 曉得 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 曉得 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 曉得 |
* (to understand):
* 了解 (liǎojiě)
* 佔有 / 占有 (zhànyǒu)
* 分曉 / 分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
* 參悟 / 参悟 (cānwù)
* 悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 懂 (dǒng)
* 懂得 (dǒngde)
* 打生 (Wenzhounese)
* 把握 (bǎwò)
* 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
* 明 (ming$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 明白
* 明瞭 / 明了 (míngliǎo)
* 曉得 / 晓得 (xiǎode)
* 會悟 / 会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
* 洞悉 (dòngxī)
* 清亮 (mainland China)
* 清楚
* 熟似 (Hokkien)
* 熟悉 (shúxī)
* 熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
* 熟識 / 熟识 (shúshí)
* 理會 / 理会 (lǐhuì)
* 理解 (lǐjiě)
* 瞭悟 / 了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
* 知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
* 知曉 / 知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
* 知識 / 知识 (zhīshí) (literary)
* 覺 / 觉
* 覺悟 / 觉悟 (juéwù)
* 覺醒 / 觉醒 (juéxǐng)
* 認識 / 认识
* 諳曉 / 谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
* 諳達 / 谙达 (āndá) (literary)
* 貫通 / 贯通 (guàntōng)
* 通曉 / 通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
* 通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
* 通達 / 通达 (tōngdá)
* 達 / 达 (literary, or in compounds)
* 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
* 開悟 / 开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
* 領悟 / 领悟 (lǐngwù)
* 領會 / 领会 (lǐnghuì)
* 領略 / 领略 (lǐnglüè)

##### Derived terms

* 可知道
* 天知道
* 誰知道 / 谁知道

##### See also

* 認識／认识 (rènshi)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhīdào
    (Zhuyin): ㄓ ㄉㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^1$ dou$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhīdào
*** Zhuyin: ㄓ ㄉㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhihdào
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^1$-tao$^4$
*** Yale: jr̄-dàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jydaw
*** Palladius: чжидао (čžidao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^1$ dou$^6$
*** Yale: jī douh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^1$ dou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^1$ dou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː⁵⁵ tou̯²²/
* Middle Chinese: trje dawX
Rime :
| Character | 知 | 道 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 陟移切 | 徒晧切 |
| Baxter | trje | dawX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈiᴇ/ | /dɑu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈiɛ/ | /dɑu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶjɛ/ | /dɑu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈiə̆/ | /daw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶie/ | /dɑu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶǐe/ | /dɑu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶie̯/ | /dʱɑu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhī | dào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^1$ | dou$^6$ |

#### Verb

知⫽道 (verb-object)
* (literary, Taoism, Confucianism) to know the Way, or, the Tao; to understand the principles well
    From: circa early 1600s, Yuan Hongdao,《醉叟傳》, tr. Jonathan Chaves, 1978
    Jìnrì wǔ, hàn zhījiān, yǒu shù rén xíngshì yì guài, yǒu yīrén lèi zhīdào zhě. [Pinyin]
    Recently, several people in the Wu-han area have been acting quite strange, and one of them seems to know a thing or two about the Tao.