# 窒

| 窒 | U+7A92, &#31378; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A92 |
| ← 窑 [U+7A91] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 窓 → [U+7A93] |

## Translingual
### Han character

窒 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十金一戈土 (JCMIG), four-corner 3010$_4$, composition ⿱穴至)

#### Derived characters

* 㗧, 𡻜, 𢲼, 潌, 膣, 𥉺, 𥡫, 𦄔, 䏄, 螲, 𧫡, 𨫐, 𪙜, 𡼄

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 865, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25493
* Dae Jaweon: page 1293, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2728, character 14
* Unihan data for U+7A92

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 致 | *tiɡs |
| 輊 | *tiɡs |
| 駤 | *tiɡs |
| 跮 | *tʰiɡs, *tʰiɡ |
| 荎 | *di, *diːɡ |
| 緻 | *diɡs |
| 至 | *tjiɡs |
| 鵄 | *tʰji |
| 胵 | *tʰji |
| 痓 | *tʰjiɡs |
| 咥 | *hriɡs, *tiːɡ, *diːɡ, *tʰiɡ |
| 窒 | *tiːɡ, *tiɡ |
| 蛭 | *tiːɡ, *tiɡ, *tjiɡ |
| 垤 | *diːɡ |
| 耋 | *diːɡ |
| 姪 | *diːɡ, *diɡ |
| 絰 | *diːɡ |
| 恎 | *diːɡ |
| 挃 | *tiɡ |
| 庢 | *tiɡ |
| 銍 | *tiɡ, *tjiɡ |
| 秷 | *tiɡ |
| 螲 | *tiɡ |
| 侄 | *diɡ, *tjiɡ |
| 桎 | *tjiɡ |
| 郅 | *tjiɡ |
| 晊 | *tjiɡ |
| 室 | *hliɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tiːɡ, *tiɡ) : semantic 穴 + phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhì (zhi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zat$^6$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): jid$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dék
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): that / tit / chit / chek
    (Teochew, Peng'im): diag$^4$ / diêg$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tseq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^4$
*** Yale: jr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zat$^6$
*** Yale: jaht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zed$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: jid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sit̚¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dék
*** Sinological IPA : /tɛiʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: that
*** Tâi-lô: that
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tad
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /tʰat̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tit
*** Tâi-lô: tit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: did
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tit̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tit̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
*** Tâi-lô: tsit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cid
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
*** Tâi-lô: tsik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
* that - vernacular (“to stop up; to plug in; stopper; to return money”);
* tit/chit/chek - literary.
* Middle Chinese: trit, tet
Rime :
| Character | 窒 | 窒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 質 (49) | 屑 (87) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 陟栗切 | 丁結切 |
| Baxter | trit | tet |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠiɪt̚/ | /tet̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚit̚/ | /tet̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiet̚/ | /tɛt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈjit̚/ | /tɛt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶjĕt̚/ | /tet̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭĕt̚/ | /tiet̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi̯ĕt̚/ | /tiet̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhi | die |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zat$^1$ | dit$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ri[t]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tiːɡ/, /*tiɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 窒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trit › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t]ri[t]/ |
| English | stop up (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 窒 | 窒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 17347 | 17358 |
| Phonetic component | 至 | 至 |
| Rime group | 質 | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 窒 | 窒 |
| Old Chinese | /*tiːɡ/ | /*tiɡ/ |

### Definitions

窒
* to stop up; to obstruct; to block up
    窒車／窒车 [Hokkien] ― that-chhia [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to be jammed with traffic
* (Cantonese) to mock with words
* (Cantonese) to stutter; to stammer
    口窒窒 [Cantonese] ― hau$^2$ zat$^6$ zat$^6$ [Jyutping] ― stuttering; stammering
    alt. forms: 疾 (jí)
* (Cantonese, figuratively) to stutter; to make halting movements
       waa$^{6-2}$ min$^{6-2}$ zat$^6$ haa$^5$ zat$^6$ haa$^5$. [Jyutping]
       The picture is jittering.
* (Hokkien) to plug in; to squeeze in (a hole, gap, etc.)
       Pn̄g that kah kui chhùi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       Rice is squeezed into your entire mouth.
* (Hokkien) stopper; cork; plug
    草窒 [Hokkien] ― chhó-that [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― cork stopper
* (Quanzhou Hokkien) to return money

### Synonyms

* (to stutter):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 謇 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 口吃 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 磕巴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 口吃, 結巴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 磕巴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 口吃 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 結巴, 磕巴 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 結巴, 磕巴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 可 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 結 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 結巴 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 結 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 結巴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 結巴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 結 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 結巴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 結巴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 結 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 漏口 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 漏口 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 結巴 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 結舌仔, 重舌仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 結舌 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 結舌 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 結舌 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 結舌 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 結舌 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 大舌 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 磕巴 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 結咳 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 結舌, 大舌 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 大舌口, 大舌, 重句, 重舌 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 大舌口, 大舌, 重句 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 大舌鼓, 大舌, 重句 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 大舌 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 大舌 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 大舌 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 大舌 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 大舌 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 大舌 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 大舌 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 大舌 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 大舌口 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 大舌, 重句 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 大舌口 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 結舌 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 大舌 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 講突話 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 吃嘴, 楞嘴 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 吃嘴 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 楞嘴, 篤嘴 |
| Wu | Danyang | 結巴 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 吃舌頭 |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 吃舌頭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 大舌 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 點舌, 點舌兒, 拆舌, 拆舌兒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 結巴 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 𪘬 |

### Compounds

* 喙窒舌
* 堙窒
* 屁窒仔
* 懲忿窒欲 / 惩忿窒欲
* 穹窒
* 窒仔
* 窒倒街
* 窒喙
* 窒喙扁
* 窒喙空
* 窒城門毋窒涵空 / 窒城门毋窒涵空
* 窒塞
* 窒息 (zhìxī)
* 窒扶斯 (zhìfúsī)
* 窒斗
* 窒欲
* 窒滇
* 窒礙 / 窒碍 (zhì'ài)
* 窒礙難行 / 窒碍难行
* 窒素 (zhìsù)
* 窒舌
* 窒車 / 窒车
* 腸窒扶斯 / 肠窒扶斯
* 草窒
* 草窒仔
* 酒矸窒仔

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* plug up
* obstruct

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちち (chichi)、てち (techi)
* Kan-on: ちつ (chitsu, Jōyō)、てつ (tetsu)
* Kun: ふさぐ (fusagu)、ふさがる (fusagaru, 窒がる)

## Korean
### Hanja

窒 • (jil, jeol) (hangeul 질, 절, revised jil, jeol, McCune–Reischauer chil, chŏl, Yale cil, cel)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

窒 (trất, khỏng, rấp, rất)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.