# चक्र
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit चक्र (cakra). Doublet of चक्कर (cakkar) and चरख़ा (carxā).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /t͡ʃək.ɾᵊ/, [t͡ʃɐk.ɾᵊ]

### Noun

चक्र • (cakra) m (Urdu spelling چکر)
* circle, ring
* wheel
* cycle; sequence, progression
    जल चक्र ― jal cakra ― water cycle
* (historical) chakram (an old Indian coin from Travancore)

#### Synonyms

* चक्कर (cakkar) (less formal)

#### Derived terms

* दुष्चक्र (duṣcakra)
* चक्र फूल (cakra phūl)
* चक्रव्यूह (cakravyūh)

### References

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “चक्र”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “चक्र”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
* “चक्र”, in Collins Gem Hindi-English Dictionary, Collins, 2011, →ISBN
* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “चक्र”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “चक्र”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Platts, John T. (1884) “चक्र”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* চক্ৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬘᬓ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
* চক্র (Bengali script)
* 𑰓𑰎𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* စကြ (Burmese script)
* ચક્ર (Gujarati script)
* ਚਕ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌚𑌕𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦕꦏꦿ (Javanese script)
* 𑂒𑂍𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಚಕ್ರ (Kannada script)
* ចក្រ (Khmer script)
* ຈກ຺ຣ (Lao script)
* ചക്ര (Malayalam script)
* ᢜᠠᡬᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘓𑘎𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᢋᠠᢉᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦳𑦮𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐔𑐎𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
* ଚକ୍ର (Odia script)
* ꢗꢒ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆖𑆑𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖓𑖎𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
* චක්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩡𑩜 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚏𑚊𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
* சக்ர (Tamil script)
* చక్ర (Telugu script)
* จกฺร (Thai script)
* ཙ་ཀྲ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒔𑒏𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨣𑨋𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /t͡ɕɐk.ɾɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈt͡ɕɐk.ɾɐ/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćakrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“circle, wheel”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (caxra, “wheel”), Persian چرخ (čarx), Old Church Slavonic коло (kolo), Lithuanian kãklas, Tocharian B kokale, Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos), Latin colus, Old English hwēol (whence English wheel).

#### Noun

चक्र • (cakrá) stem, n or m
* the wheel (of a carriage, of the Sun's chariot, of Time)
* a potter's wheel (ShBr.)
* a discus or sharp circular missile weapon, especially that of Vishnu
* a circle (Puranic)
* an astronomical circle, the zodiac
* a mystical circle or diagram
* a cycle, cycle of years or of seasons
* a circle or depression of the body (for mystical or chiromantic purposes; 6 in number, one above the other), the fontenelle or union of the coronal and sagittal sutures
* (prosody) name of a poetic metre
* a troop, multitude

##### Derived terms

* गणचक्र (gaṇacakra)

##### Descendants

* Assamese: চাক (sak), চকা (soka), চাকি (saki)
* Bengali: চাকা (caka)
* Marathi: चाक (cāk)
* Odia: ଚକ (caka)
* Pali: cakka
** → Burmese: စက် (cak)
*** → Shan: ၸၢၵ်ႈ (tsāak)
*** → Jingpho: jak
*** → S'gaw Karen: စဲး (seḧ)
*** → Western Kayah: ꤡꤢꤧ (cae)
*** → Zaiwa: svdiq
** → Lao: ຈັກ (chak), ຈັກກະ (chak ka)
* Punjabi: ਚੱਕਰ (cakkar, “circle, rotation”), ਚੱਕਾ (cakkā, “wheel, rim”)
* Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠇꠣ (saxa)
* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓 (cakka)
** Konkani: cāk
    Devanagari script: चाक
    Kannada script: ಚಾಕ್
    Latin script: chaak
** Old Marathi: cāka
    Devanagari script: चाक
    Modi script: 𑘓𑘰𑘎
** Marathi: चाक (cāk)
* Borrowings:
** → Bengali: চক্র (cokro)
** → English: chakra, chakram
** → Finnish: chakra
** → Gujarati: ચક્ર (cakra)
** → Hindi: चक्र (cakra), चक्कर (cakkar)
** → Kannada: ಚಕ್ರ (cakra)
** → Malay: cakera, cakra (چاکرا)
** → Malayalam: ചക്രം (cakraṁ)
** → Norwegian:
*** Norwegian Bokmål: chakra
*** Norwegian Nynorsk: chakra
** → Japanese: チャクラ (chakura)
** → Old Javanese: cakra
*** Javanese: ꦕꦏꦿ (cakra)
*** → Balinese: ᬘᬓ᭄ᬭ (cakra)
** → Old Tamil: 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀫𑁆 (cakkaram)
*** Tamil: சக்கரம் (cakkaram, “wheel”), சக்கிரம் (cakkiram)
** → Portuguese: chacra
** → Santali: ᱪᱚᱠ (côk) (borrowed from Middle-Indo-Aryan)
** → Sogdian: ܨܮܪ (čaxr /⁠⁠cγr⁠/)
*** → Tocharian B: cākkär
**** → Old Uyghur: 𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (čakir)
** → Spanish: chakra
** → Sylheti: ꠌꠇ꠆ꠇꠞ (sokkor)
** → Tagalog: sakla
** → Telugu: చక్రము (cakramu)
** → Thai: จักร (jàk)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

चक्र • (cakrá)
* second-person plural active of चकार (cakā́ra)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Monier Williams (1899) “चक्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0380.