# 基礎
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīchǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ ㄔㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gei$^1$ co$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kî-chhú
* Eastern Min (BUC): gĭ-chū
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ki-chhó͘ / ki-chhiú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gi$^1$ co$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$ci-tshu$_5$ / $^1$ci-tshou$_3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīchǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ ㄔㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jichǔ
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^1$-chʻu$^3$
*** Yale: jī-chǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jichuu
*** Palladius: цзичу (cziču)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^1$ co$^2$
*** Yale: gēi chó
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^1$ tso$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^1$ co$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî-chhú
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi$^ˊ$ cu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gi$^1$ cu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴ t͡sʰu³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭ-chū
*** Sinological IPA : /ki⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(t͡sʰ-)}$ʒu³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-chhó͘
*** Tâi-lô: ki-tshóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kizhor
*** IPA (Taipei): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-chhiú
*** Tâi-lô: ki-tshiú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kichiuo
*** IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴ t͡sʰiu²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gi$^1$ co$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ki tshó
*** Sinological IPA : /ki³³⁻²³ t͡sʰo⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ci-tshu$_5$
*** MiniDict: ci$^平$ tshu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ji-tshu$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sʰu²¹/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ci-tshou$_3$
*** MiniDict: ci$^平$ tshou$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴ t͡sʰəu/

### Noun

基礎
* (literally) foundation; base (of a structure)
* (figuratively) foundation; basis (that which offers support for an endeavour)
    打下基礎／打下基础 ― dǎxià jīchǔ ― to lay a foundation
* (economics) socio-economic base; economic foundation

#### Synonyms

* (foundation): 底子 (dǐzi), 根基 (gēnjī), 基業／基业 (jīyè), (Hokkien) 底蒂

### Adjective

基礎
* basic; fundamental; elementary; rudimentary

#### Synonyms

* 基本 (jīběn)
* (attributive) 起碼／起码 (qǐmǎ)

### Derived terms

* 基礎代謝 / 基础代谢 (jīchǔ dàixiè)
* 基礎層 / 基础层 (jīchǔcéng)
* 基礎工業 / 基础工业
* 基礎性 / 基础性 (jīchǔxìng)
* 基礎教育 / 基础教育 (jīchǔ jiàoyù)
* 基礎病 / 基础病 (jīchǔbìng)
* 基礎科學 / 基础科学 (jīchǔ kēxué)
* 基礎設施 / 基础设施 (jīchǔ shèshī)
* 基礎課 / 基础课
* 客戶基礎 / 客户基础 (kèhù jīchǔ)
* 經濟基礎 / 经济基础 (jīngjì jīchǔ)
* 群眾基礎 / 群众基础 (qúnzhòng jīchǔ)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 基礎(きそ) (kiso)
* → Korean: 기초(基礎) (gicho)
* → Vietnamese: cơ sở (基礎)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 基 | 礎 |
| き Grade: 5 | そ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きそ [kíꜜsò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kʲiso̞]

### Noun

基(き)礎(そ) • (kiso)
* base, basis, foundation, ground, root
** 2011, Barack Obama, 中東と北アフリカに関するバラク・オバマの演説, translation of "Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa":
    これらの原(げん)則(そく)は、交渉(こうしょう)の基(き)礎(そ)を与(あた)えてくれる。
       Korera no gensoku wa, kōshō no kiso o ataete kureru.
       These principles provide a foundation for negotiations.
* (construction, architecture) foundation

#### Derived terms

* 基(き)礎(そ)的(てき) (kisoteki): fundamental

#### Derived terms

* 基(き)礎(そ)学(がく)力(りょく) (kiso gakuryoku): basic scholastic achievement
* 基(き)礎(そ)代(たい)謝(しゃ) (kiso taisha): basal metabolism
* 基(き)礎(そ)知(ち)識(しき) (kiso chishiki): fundamental knowledge

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 基 | 礎 |

### Noun

基礎 • (gicho) (hangeul 기초)
* hanja form of 기초 (“foundation, basis”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 基 | 礎 |

### Noun

基礎
* chữ Hán form of cơ sở (“foundation, basis”).