# ἀείρω
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* αἴρω (aírō) — Attic, contracted
* ἀέρρω (aérrhō) — Aeolic

### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *awéřřō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wér-ye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- (“to raise?; to bind, enclose?”); the relation between the "raise" and "enclose" meanings, if any, is unclear, though Chantraine (DELG) appears to consider the latter a semantic specialization of the former. Potential cognates include Old Armenian գեր (ger, “above, hyper-”), Latin aperiō (“to open”), Proto-Balto-Slavic *wérˀtei (“to thrust, prod”), Sanskrit वृणोति (vṛṇoti, “to cover, ward off”), Albanian vjerr (“to hang, suspend”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ěː.rɔː/ → /aˈi.ro/ → /aˈi.ro/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /a.ěː.rɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /aˈi.ro/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /aˈi.ro/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /aˈi.ro/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /aˈi.ro/

### Verb

ἀείρω • (aeírō) (Epic, Ionic, poetic)
* (transitive) to lift up, raise, support
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.724
** 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 116.7
** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 879
** 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 90A
** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1270
** 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 1339
** 415 BCE, Euripides, The Trojan Women 342
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 10.15
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 496
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 795
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 110
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.90
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.1.23
** 408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Ποίησ. 1.15
** 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 425D
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 5.2.5
** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Airs, Waters, and Places 283
** 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 565
** (of armies, ships, transitive) to get the fleet under sail
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.52
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.12
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 1255
* (transitive) to bear, sustain
** 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 547
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 80
* (transitive) to raise up, exalt
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 262
** 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 164
** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 914
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.118
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.75
** 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 196
** 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 68
** 349 BCE, Demosthenes, Second Olynthiac 8
** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 111
** 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 45.23
** (transitive) to raise by words, praise, extol
*** 430 BCE, Euripides, Herakles' Children 322
*** 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 71
* (transitive) to lift and take away, remove
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 880
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 578E
** 458 BCE, Euripides, Electra 942
** 342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, The Hair-Net 2
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 19.36
** (transitive, with genitive) to take away from
*** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 846
** (Koine, transitive) to take off, kill
*** 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 24:39
*** 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian 23.18
* (middle voice, transitive) to take up for oneself, to win, gain
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.3
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.124
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.303
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 22.253
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.130
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 7.87
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 75
** (transitive) to take upon oneself, undergo
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 20.247
*** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 167
*** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 907
*** 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 473
*** (transitive) to undertake, begin
**** 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 341
**** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.60
**** 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 136.44
**** 430 BCE, Euripides, Herakles' Children 986
**** 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 481
**** c. 440 BCE, Euripides, Rhesus 54
**** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 247
** (transitive) to raise up
*** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 460
*** 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 546
*** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1225
** (transitive) to take away
*** 413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 1201
* (passive voice, intransitive) to hang

#### Derived terms

* ἀναείρω (anaeírō)
* ἄορ (áor)
* ἀορτή (aortḗ)
* ἀορτηθείς (aortētheís)
* ἀορτήρ (aortḗr)
* ᾰ̓́ρσῐς (ắrsĭs)
* ἀρτηρία (artēría)
* μετέωρος (metéōros)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀείρω 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 23-4
* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀείρω 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 24

### Further reading

* “ἀείρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἀείρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ἀείρω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ἀείρω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἀείρω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* ἀείρω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* “ἀείρω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* “meteor”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1150