# 近來
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìnlái
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄌㄞˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gan$^6$ loi$^4$ / gan$^6$ loi$^{4-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gin$^5$ loi$^{3*}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khiun-lòi
    (Hailu, HRS): kiun$^˖$ loi
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kūn-lâi / kǔn-lâi / kīn-lâi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìnlái
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄌㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìnlái
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^4$-lai$^2$
*** Yale: jìn-lái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinnlai
*** Palladius: цзиньлай (czinʹlaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$近來／近来 進來／进来
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gan$^6$ loi$^4$ / gan$^6$ loi$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: gahn lòih / gahn lói
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gan$^6$ loi$^4$ / gan$^6$ loi$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gen$^6$ loi$^4$ / gen$^6$ loi$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐn²² lɔːi̯²¹/, /kɐn²² lɔːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gin$^5$ loi$^{3*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kin³² lᵘɔi²²⁻²²⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiun-lòi
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiun loi$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiun$^4$ loi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯un⁵⁵ loi̯¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiun$^˖$ loi
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰiun³³ loi⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūn-lâi
*** Tâi-lô: kūn-lâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kuxnlaai
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kun²²⁻²¹ lai²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kun³³⁻¹¹ lai²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǔn-lâi
*** Tâi-lô: kǔn-lâi
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kun²² lai²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kīn-lâi
*** Tâi-lô: kīn-lâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kixnlaai
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin³³⁻²¹ lai²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin²²⁻²¹ lai¹³/

### Adverb

近來
* recently; lately
    From: 8th century, 柳渾, 牡丹
    Jìnlái wúnài mǔdān hé, shù shíqiān qián mǎi yī kē. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    From: Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE
    Bù mán lǎoyé shuō, jìnlái zánmen dìfāng shàng xiǎngmǎ shèn duō, fán guòwǎng de kèrén, xū yào chí xíng zǎo zhù. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1902, James Dyer Ball, How to Speak Cantonese, second edition, Hongkong: Kelly & Walsh, pages 112–113:
       gan$^6$ loi$^{4-2}$ zung$^1$ gwok$^3$ daa$^2$ faat$^3$ jam$^1$ caai$^1$ gwo$^3$ ngoi$^6$ gwok$^3$. [Jyutping]
       The Chinese have also lately sent ambassadors to foreign countries.

#### Synonyms

* 一向 (yīxiàng)
* 最近 (zuìjìn)
* 只兩幫／只两帮 (cī-lâng-bōng) (Eastern Min)
* 只幫／只帮 (cī-bōng) (Eastern Min)
* 呢排 (Cantonese)
* 新近 (xīnjìn)
* 日來／日来 (rìlái) (literary)
* 比來／比来 (bǐlái) (literary)
* 比年 (bǐnián) (literary)
* 比歲／比岁 (bǐsuì) (literary)
* 近排 (gan$^6$ paai$^{4-2}$) (Cantonese)
* 這擺／这摆 (Hokkien)
* 這擺仔／这摆仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這斗 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這番仔／这番仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這程／这程 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這站／这站 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這站仔／这站仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這過／这过 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這過仔／这过仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 這陣／这阵 (zhèzhèn) (colloquial)
* 邇來／迩来 (ěrlái) (literary)

### References

* “Entry #11060”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.