# dir
## Translingual
### Symbol

dir
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Dirim.

### See also

* Wiktionary's coverage of Dirim terms

## English
### Alternative forms

* dir.

### Noun

dir (plural dirs)
* Abbreviation of direction.
* (computing) Abbreviation of directory.
* Abbreviation of director.

### Adjective

dir (not comparable)
* Abbreviation of direct.

### Adverb

dir
* Abbreviation of directly.

### Anagrams

* D.R.I., IDR, RID, DRI, rid

## Aragonese
### Etymology

From Latin dicere.

### Verb

dir
* to say

## Asturian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /b/ derive from corresponding conjugations of Latin vādere; those beginning with /f/ derive from forms of Latin esse.

### Verb

dir
* to go

#### Conjugation

* From OSLIN-AST Lexicón abiertu de la llingua asturiana .

## Bavarian
### Pronoun

dir
* Alternative spelling of dia (“you”, dative)

## Breton
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /diʁ/

### Noun

dir m
* steel

## Catalan
### Alternative forms

* dire (Northern, Alghero)
* diure (Alghero)

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin dīcere, from Proto-Italic *deikō, from Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti (“to show, point out”). Compare Occitan dire or díser, French dire, and Spanish decir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈdi]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈdiɾ]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

dir (first-person singular present dic, first-person singular preterite diguí, past participle dit)
* (transitive, intransitive) to say, to pronounce
* (transitive) to say, to tell
    Va dir una mentida.She told a lie.
    El dèiem que cuinés el sopar.We told him to cook dinner.
* (transitive) to call, to refer to as
* (reflexive) to be named, to be called
    Com et dius? ― What's your name?

#### Conjugation

Balearic has deis and Valencian has dis as the second-person plural present indicative form. This is similar to French dire having dites as the standard form instead of the expected disez, and contemporary Italian dire having dite as the standard form in place of the expected dicete.

#### Derived terms

* dir-se
* com et dius
* és a dir
* voler dir

#### Related terms

* dicció
* dictar
* entredir

### Further reading

* “dir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “dir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
* “dir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “dir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## German
### Alternative forms

* Dir

### Etymology

From Middle High German dir, from Old High German dir, from Proto-West Germanic *þiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *þiz.

### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: /diːɐ̯/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iːɐ̯
* (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA: /dɐ/, /də/

### Pronoun

dir
* (personal) dative of du; you, to you.
* (reflexive pronoun) dative of du; yourself, to yourself.

### Further reading

* “dir” in Duden online

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

From French dire (“to say”).

### Verb

dir
* (Saint-Domingue) to say, to tell
    Mo prié vou tant seulement vou pas dir personne à rien. ― I just ask that you don't tell anyone a thing.

#### Descendants

* Haitian Creole: di

### References

* S.J Ducoeurjoly, Manuel des habitans de Saint-Domingue, contenant un précis de l'histoire de cette île

## Italian
### Verb

dir (apocopated)
* Apocopic form of dire

## Luxembourgish
### Alternative forms

* der (unstressed)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /diːr/, [diə̯], [ˈdiː.ɐ]
* Rhymes: -iːə
* Homophones: dier, Dier, Dir

### Etymology 1

From Old High German dir.

#### Pronoun

dir
* second-person singular, dative: you; thee
    Ech hunn dir e Bréif geschéckt.I have sent you a letter.

### Etymology 2

From Old High German ir. The d- is through unetymological segmentation of the ending -t of a preceding verb (*stitt ir → *stiddir → stitt dir). This development was assisted by a parallelism with the 1st person, in which the dative singular mir is also the nominative plural (this latter development occurred for a similar reason, but was earlier and is widespread throughout High German).

#### Pronoun

dir
* second-person plural, nominative: you; you all; ye
    Hutt dir gutt geschlof?Have you slept well?

##### Derived terms

* Dir (singular and plural polite form)

### Declension

| | | nominative | nominative | accusative | accusative | dative | dative | reflexive | reflexive |
| | | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | reflexive | reflexive |
| 1st person singular | 1st person singular | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. |
| 2nd person singular (informal) | 2nd person singular (informal) | du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. |
| 2nd person singular (formal) | 2nd person singular (formal) | Dir | Der | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech |
| 3rd person singular | m | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech |
| 3rd person singular | f | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech |
| 3rd person singular | n | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech |
| 1st person plural | 1st person plural | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) |
| 2nd person plural | 2nd person plural | dir | der | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech |
| 3rd person plural | 3rd person plural | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech |

## Old Occitan
### Alternative forms

* dire

### Etymology

From a contraction of Latin dīcō, dīcere.

### Verb

dir
* to say

#### Descendants

* Occitan: dire, díder, díser

## Pennsylvania German
### Etymology

From Middle High German dir, from Old High German dir, from Proto-West Germanic *þiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *þiz. Compare German dir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /diːɐ̯/

### Pronoun

dir
* dative of du: you, to you

#### Declension

$^1$unstressed

## Romansch
### Etymology 1

From Latin dūrus.

#### Adjective

dir m (feminine singular dira, masculine plural dirs, feminine plural diras)
* (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Rumantsch Grischun) hard

##### Alternative forms

* deir (Surmiran)
* dür (Puter, Vallader)

### Etymology 2

From a contraction of Latin dīcō, dīcere, from Proto-Italic *deikō, from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, point out”). The origin of some forms starting with sch- likely result from regular elisions of unstressed syllables: dīcēbam → *dcéβa → scheva.

#### Verb

dir
* to say

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | dir | dir | dir | dir |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | schend | schend | schend | schend |
| past participle | past participle | past participle | ditg | ditg | ditg | ditg |
| | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| indicative | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
| present | di | dis | di | schain | schais | din |
| imperfect | scheva | schevas | scheva | schevan | schevas | schevan |
| future | vegnel a dir | vegns a dir | vegn a dir | vegnin a dir | vegnis a dir | vegnan a dir |
| conditional | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
| present | schess | schesses | schess | schessen | schesses | schessen |
| future | vegness a dir | vegnesses a dir | vegness a dir | vegnessen a dir | vegnesses a dir | vegnessen a dir |
| subjunctive | che jeu | che ti | ch'el/ch'ella | che nus | che vus | ch'els/ch'ellas |
| present | dia | dias | dia | dian | dias | dian |
| future | vegni a dir | vegnies a dir | vegni a dir | vegnîen a dir | vegnîes a dir | vegnien a dir |
| imperative | — | ti | — | — | vus | — |
| imperative | | di | | | schai | |
| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | dir | dir | dir | dir |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | dend | dend | dend | dend |
| past participle | past participle | past participle | detg | detg | detg | detg |
| | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| indicative | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
| present | ditgel | dias | di | schein | scheis | dian |
| imperfect | devel | devas | deva | devan | devas | devan |
| future | vegnel a dir | vegns a dir | vegn a dir | vegnin a dir | vegnis a dir | vegnan a dir |
| conditional | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
| direct present | schess | schesses | schess | schessen | schesses | schessen |
| indirect present | schessi | schessies | schessi | schessien | schessies | schessien |
| direct future | vegness a dir | vegnesses a dir | vegness a dir | vegnessen a dir | vegnesses a dir | vegnessen a dir |
| indirect future | vegnessi a dir | vegnessies a dir | vegnessi a dir | vegnessien a dir | vegnessies a dir | vegnessien a dir |
| subjunctive | che jeu | che ti | ch'el/ch'ella | che nus | che vus | ch'els/ch'ellas |
| present | ditgi | ditgies | ditgi | scheien | scheies | ditgien |
| past | devi | devies | devi | devien | devies | devien |
| future | vegni a dir | vegnies a dir | vegni a dir | vegnîen a dir | vegnîes a dir | vegnien a dir |
| imperative | — | ti | — | — | vus | — |
| imperative | | di | | | schei | |

##### Alternative forms

* dir (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Puter, Vallader)
* gir (Sutsilvan)
* deir (Surmiran)

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

dir m (plural dirs)
* (anatomy, Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) liver

##### Alternative forms

* deir (Surmiran)

##### Synonyms

* (Rumantsch Grischun, Vallader) gnirom
* (Surmiran) nirom
* (Puter) gniram
* (Puter) fio

## Somali
### Verb

dir
* send

## Tolai
### Pronoun

dir
* Third-person dual pronoun: they two, them two

#### Declension

| | singular | dual | paucal | plural |
| 1st person exclusive | iau | amir mir | amital mital | avet ave$^1$ |
| 1st person inclusive | - | dor | datal | dat da$^1$ |
| 2nd person | u | amur mur | amutal mutal | avat ava$^1$ |
| 3rd person | ia i | dir di | dital | diat dia$^1$ |
| $^{1)}$ The plural pronouns lose the final -t when preceding a verb. |||||

## Venetan
### Etymology

From a contraction of Latin dīcere (compare Italian dire), present active infinitive of dīcō.

### Verb

dir
* (transitive) to say, tell
* (transitive) to affirm

#### Conjugation

* Venetan conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /diːr/
* Homophone: dur (South Wales)

### Noun

dir
* Soft mutation of tir (“land”).

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.