# 外家
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wàijiā
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi$^6$ gaa$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngoi-kâ
    (Hailu, HRS): ngoi$^˖$ ga$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngoi$^4$ ga$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gua$^5$ gor$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gōa-ke / gōa-kee / gōe-ke
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ghua$^7$ gê$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wàijiā
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wàijia
*** Wade–Giles: wai$^4$-chia$^1$
*** Yale: wài-jyā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wayjia
*** Palladius: вайцзя (vajczja)
*** Sinological IPA : /waɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$外加 外家
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngoi$^6$ gaa$^1$
*** Yale: ngoih gā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi$^6$ gaa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngoi$^6$ ga$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔːi̯²² kaː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngoi-kâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngoi ga$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngoi$^4$ ga$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋoi̯⁵⁵ ka²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngoi$^˖$ ga$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋoi³³ ka⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngoi$^4$ ga$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋoɪ⁵³ ka⁴⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gua$^5$ gor$^1$ [Phonetic: gua$^5$ or$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kua²¹ $^{(k-)}$ɒ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-ke
*** Tâi-lô: guā-ke
*** Phofsit Daibuun: goaxkef
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡua⁴¹⁻²² ke³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡua³³⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡua³³⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-kee
*** Tâi-lô: guā-kee
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōe-ke
*** Tâi-lô: guē-ke
*** Phofsit Daibuun: goexkef
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡue³³⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡue³³⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ghua$^7$ gê$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: guā ke
*** Sinological IPA : /ɡua¹¹ ke³³/

### Noun

外家
* maternal grandparents' home
* (dialectal) married woman's parents' home
* (literary) home of one's husband's parents-in-law
* (historical) outside family of a man formed with a mistress or concubine
* (historical) mistress of a man

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 娘家 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 娘家 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 娘家 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 娘家 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 娘家 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 娘家 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 娘家 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 娘家 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 娘家 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 娘家 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 娘家, 娘屋頭, 娘屋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 娘屋裡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 娘家 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 娘家, 外家 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 娘家 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 娘家 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 外家 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 外家 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 外家 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 外家 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 外家 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 外家 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 娘家, 娘屋裡 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 娘家 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 娘屋裡 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 妹家, 外家 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 外家 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 外家, 妹家 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 外家, 妹家 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 外家 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 妹家, 外家 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 外家, 妹家 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 外家 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 妹家 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 娘家 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 娘家, 媽家 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 外家 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 外家 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 外家, 後頭, 某後頭 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 外家, 後頭, 某後頭 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 外家 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 外家, 外家厝, 後頭, 後頭厝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 外家 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 後頭 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 外家 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 家後 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 外家 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 外家 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 外家 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 外家 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 外家 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 外家, 娘家 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 娘家 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 娘家 |
| Wu | Danyang | 娘家 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 娘家 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 娘家 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 娘屋裡 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 娘屋裡 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 娘屋裡 |

#### Derived terms

* 外家孫仔 / 外家孙仔
* 外家查某孫 / 外家查某孙
* 外家查某孫仔 / 外家查某孙仔
* 外家親 / 外家亲
* 外家頭 / 外家头

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “外家”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 243.
* “Entry #416”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.