# spline
## English
### Etymology

Mid-1700s East Anglian dialect. Origin uncertain but perhaps from Old Danish splind or North Frisian splinj and ultimately related to the root of splinter.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /splaɪn/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪn

### Noun

spline (plural splines)
* Long thin piece of metal or wood. [from the mid 18th c]
* (woodworking) A strip of wood or other material inserted into grooves in each of two pieces of wood to provide additional surface for gluing.
* A flexible strip of metal or other material, that may be bent into a curve and used in a similar manner to a ruler to draw smooth curves between points.
* (mathematics, computing) Any of a number of smooth curves used to join points.
** 2001 April, Samuel R. Buss, Jay P Fillmore, “Spherical averages and applications to spherical splines and interpolation”, in ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), volume 20, number 2:However, it should be possible to give more sophisticated spherical spline curves based on the de Castaljau method that are computed using multiple slerps between pairs of points and which work well for arbitrary knot positions (indeed, knot insertion methods for spline curves should suffice for this, cf Farin [1993])
** 2016, Keaton Hamm, Jeff Ledford, “Regular Families of Kernels for Nonlinear Approximation”, in arXiv‎:These conditions provide a framework which encompasses some notable approximation kernels including splines, so-called cardinal functions, and many radial basis functions such as the Gaussians and general multiquadrics.
* A rectangular piece that fits grooves like key seats in a hub and a shaft, so that while the one may slide endwise on the other, both must revolve together.
* (mechanics) Ridges or teeth on a drive shaft that mesh with grooves in a mating piece and transfer torque to it, maintaining the angular correspondence between them.

#### Coordinate terms

* (woodworking): biscuit, dowel, glue strip, finger joint

#### Derived terms

* B-spline
* basis spline
* cubic spline
* splinal
* splined
* splineway

#### Translations
### Verb

spline (third-person singular simple present splines, present participle splining, simple past and past participle splined)
* (mathematics, computing) To smooth (a curve or surface) by means of a spline.
* (engineering) To fit with a spline.
** 1965 August, Popular Science, volume 187, number 2, page 133:Machining a straight spline with a lathe. Sometimes the task of splining a shaft comes up during a repair. Instead of sending out the job, use this setup to mill the splines on a lathe.
* (engineering) To fasten to or together with a spline.
** 1935 September, Popular Mechanics, volume 64, number 3, page 408:Engineers did not think two crankshafts could be synchronized. Wood, by splining the shafts in each gear box, proved it could be done.
** 2004, Jack Erjavec, TechOne automatic transmissions, page 311:These packs can be holding or driving devices, depending on what they are splined to.
** 2011, Mark Savitske, How to Make Your Muscle Car Handle, page 85:Splined bars are a big recent trend. Originally used in racing, the idea is to have a straight torsion bar with the ends splined like an axle and separate arms that fit on each end to mount the end links

### See also

* French curve

### References

* James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Spline”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* pensil, Eplins, Pilsen, spinel, pinsel, L-spine, Esplin