# 親家母
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qìngjiamǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥˋ ˙ㄐㄧㄚ ㄇㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): can$^3$ gaa$^1$ mou$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chĭng-gă-mū
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cin$^4$ ga$^1$ mo$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qìngjiamǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥˋ ˙ㄐㄧㄚ ㄇㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cìngjiåmǔ
*** Wade–Giles: chʻing$^4$-chia$^5$-mu$^3$
*** Yale: chìng-jya-mǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinq.jiamuu
*** Palladius: цинцзяму (cinczjamu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i̯ä¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: can$^3$ gaa$^1$ mou$^5$
*** Yale: chan gā móuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsan$^3$ gaa$^1$ mou$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cen$^3$ ga$^1$ mou$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐn³³ kaː⁵⁵ mou̯¹³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭng-gă-mū
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ $^{(k-)}$ŋa⁵⁵⁻⁵³ mu³³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: cin$^4$ ga$^1$ mo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰin⁴⁵ ka̠³³ mo⁴¹/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁵ ka̠³³ mo⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: tshinH kae muwX
Rime :
| Character | 親 | 家 | 母 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 見 (28) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 麻 (98) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | II | I |
| Fanqie | 七遴切 | 古牙切 | 莫厚切 |
| Baxter | tshinH | kae | muwX |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰiɪn$^H$/ | /kˠa/ | /məu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰin$^H$/ | /kᵚa/ | /məu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰjen$^H$/ | /ka/ | /məu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰin$^H$/ | /kaɨ/ | /məw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰiĕn$^H$/ | /ka/ | /mu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰĭĕn$^H$/ | /ka/ | /məu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰi̯ĕn$^H$/ | /ka/ | /mə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qìn | jiā | mǒu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | can$^3$ | gaa$^1$ | mau$^5$ |

### Noun

親家母
* co-mother-in-law
    From: Taiping Guangji (Extensive Records of the Taiping Era), 978 CE
    Yǒu mín qī bù shí jìng. Fū shì zhī ér guī. Qī qǔ zhào zhī, jīng gào qí mǔ yuē: “Mǒu láng yòu suǒ yī fù guī yě.” Qí mǔ yì zhào yuē: “Yòu lǐng qìngjiamǔ lái yě.” [Pinyin]
    A peasant bought a mirror at the market and gave it as a present to his wife, who had never seen a mirror before. At her first glance, she cried out in alarm, “My lord has brought home a new wife!” Her mother came running in, grabbed the mirror, looked, and burst out indignantly, “Not only a new wife, but the mother-in-law as well!”

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 親家母 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 親家母, 親娘 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 親家母 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 親家母 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 親家母 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 親家母 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 親家母 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 親家母 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 親家母 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 親家母, 親母 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 親家母 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 親家母, 親親母 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 親家母 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 親家母, 親家奶奶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 親家母, 親家奶奶 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 親家母 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 親家母 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 親家母 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 親家母 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 親家母 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 女親家 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 親家婆, 女親家 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 親家母 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 親家母 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 親家母 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 親家母 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 親家母 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 親家 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 親家母 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 親家母 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 親家 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 親家母 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 親家母 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 親家母 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 親母 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 親家母 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 親家母兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 親家母 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 親家母兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 親家母 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 內親家 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 親家母 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 親家母, 親家婆 dated, 女親家 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 親家母 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 親家母, 女親家 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 親家母 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 女親家 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 親家母 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 親家母 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 親家母, 親家母兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 親家母 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 親家母兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 親家母 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 親家母 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 親家母 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 親家母兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 親家母, 親家太太 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 親家母兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 親家太太 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 親母, 親家太太 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 親家母 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 親家母 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 親家母 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 親婆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 親家母 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 親家母, 親家奶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 親家母 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 親媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 親家母 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 親家母, 親家媽, 親家婆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 親家娘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 親家母 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 親家母 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 親家母, 親家奶奶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 親家母, 親家太太 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 親家母, 女親家 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 親家母, 親家奶奶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 親家母 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 親家母, 親媽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 親家母 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 親家母 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 親家奶 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 親家奶奶 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 親家奶奶 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 親家奶奶 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 親家母 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 親家母 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 且姆 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 親家母 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 親家姆, 且姆 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 親家姆, 且姆 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 親家姆, 且姆 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 親家姆, 且姆, 且姆婆 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 親家姆, 且姆 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 親家㜷 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 親家母 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 親家母 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 親家母 |
| Jin | Datong | 親家母 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 親家母 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 親家母 |
| Jin | Linhe | 女親家 |
| Jin | Jining | 親家母 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 親家母 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 親家母 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 親家母 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 親娘 |
| Jin | Handan | 親家母 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 親家母 |
| Jin | Suide | 親家母 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 親家母 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 親姆 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 親姆 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 親姆 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 親姆 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 親姆, 親姆婆 GT |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 親姆 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 親姆 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 親姆 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 親姆 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 親姆 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 親姆 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 親姆 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 親姆 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 親姆 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 親姆 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 親姆 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 親姆, 阿親姆 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 親家孃 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 親家姩, 親家母, 親家媽 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 親家奶, 親家婆 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 親家姆 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 親家五 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 親家姆 |
| Wu | Danyang | 親家母 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 親家姆 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 親家母, 親家母娘 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 親家母 son's mother-in-law, 親家婆 daughter's mother-in-law |
| Xiang | Changsha | 親家母 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 親家姆 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |

### See also

* 親家公／亲家公 (qìngjiagōng)