# خواجه
## Bulgar
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian خواجه (xâje).

### Noun

خُوَاجَه (xowâçe)
* teacher
    اَولِ اَلِبْ خُواجَه بَلُوى كُ ― awli alıp xowâçe belüwi kü ― ...'s son teacher Alıp's gravestone.

#### Descendants

* Chuvash: хуҫа (huś̬a)
* >? Chuvash: каччӑ (kaččă)

### References

* Erdal, Marcel (1993) Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 164
* Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎ (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, page 190

## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* խօճա (hoca) — Armeno-Turkish

### Etymology

From Persian خواجه (xâje).

### Noun

خواجه • (hoca)
* teacher
* professor
* master
* hodja

#### Descendants

* Turkish: hoca
** → English: hodja
** → French: hodja
** → German: Hodscha
** → Serbo-Croatian: Hodža
** → Portuguese: hodja
** → Ubykh: [Term?] (/⁠χʷɜ́ɖ͡ʐɜ⁠/)
* → Albanian: hoxhë
* → Greek: χότζας (chótzas), Χατζάκης (Chatzákis)
* → Hungarian: hodzsa
* → Middle Armenian: խօջայ (xōǰay), խոջայ (xoǰay), խօճայ (xōčay)
** Armenian: խոջա (xoǰa), հօճա (hōča), խօճա (xōča)
* → Romanian: hoge
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: хоџа
    Latin script: hȍdža, Hodžić
* → Slovak: hodža

## Persian

| Dari | خواجه |
| Iranian Persian | خواجه |
| Tajik | хоҷа |

### Etymology

Ultimately derived from a Middle Indo-Aryan reflex of Sanskrit उपाध्याय (upādhyāya, “teacher; preceptor; spiritual adviser”), via Central Asian intermediaries. Various Middle Indo-Aryan reflexes are attested from all stages, including Maharastri Prakrit 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (uvajjhāa), but the Central Asian loaning source most closely resembles an unattested *𑀯𑀸𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (*vājjhāa) — matching Sindhi واجهو (vājho, “Hindu schoolteacher”), cf. also Tamil வாத்தியார் (vāttiyār, “teacher; instructor; family priest”). The initial aspiration in Classical Persian خواجه (xwāja) is also found in Khwarezmian خواجیک (xwʾjyk /⁠xwājīk⁠/, “venerated man”) and Chinese 和尚 (héshàng, “Buddhist monk”) (see more there).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xʷɑː.d͡ʒa]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɑː.d͡ʒä]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɑː.d͡ʒä]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xɑː.d͡ʒä]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xɔː.d͡ʒä]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xɒː.d͡ʒe]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χɔ.d͡ʒä]

### Noun

خواجه • (xâje) (plural خواجه‌ها (xâje-hâ) or خواجگان (xâjegân))
* lord, master, owner
* (archaic) dignitary, gentleman
    Synonyms: مهتر (mehtar), بزرگ (bozorg), سید (seyyed), آقا (âqâ)
* (archaic) wealthy man
    Synonyms: مالدار (mâldâr), ثروتمند (servatmand)
* (archaic) a polite form of address of a man, mister
* Khwajah, vizier
** 11th century, Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi
    چون حسنک بیامد، خواجه بر پای خاست. چون او این مَکرمُت بکرد، همه – اگر خواستند یا نه – بر پای خاستند. بو سهل زوزنی بر خشم خود طاقت نداشت؛ برخاست، نه تمام و بر خویشتن می ژکید. احمد او را گفت: در همه کارها ناتمامی. وی نیک از جای بشد.When Hasanak came in, Khwaja [Ahmad] stood up. Since he performed this act of respect, everyone – whether they wanted or not – stood up. Bu Sahl Zawzani couldn't contain his anger. He stood up, but not completely, and was grumbling to himself. [Khwaja] Ahmad said to him: "In all tasks, you perform incompletely." He [Zawzani] became extremely angered.
* (colloquial, historical) eunuch
    Synonym: اخته (axte)

#### Derived terms

* حواجه‌زاده (xâje-zâde)
* حواجه‌سرا (xâje-sarâ)
* خواجگی (xâjegi)
* سرخواجه (sar-xâje)

#### Descendants

* Tajik: хоҷа (xoja) / خواجه
* → Arabic: خَوَاجَة (ḵawāja)
** → English: howadji
* → Bengali: খোজা (khōja)
* → Gujarati: ખોજા (khojā)
** → English: Khoja
* → Kazakh: Қожа (Qoja)
** → Russian: ходжа́ (xodžá)
* → Malay: khoja
** Indonesian: khoja
* → Malayalam: കോയ (kōya)
* → Punjabi: ਖ਼ੋਜਾ (xojā) / خوجہ (xojā)
* → Sindhi: خوجه
* → Turkmen: Hoja
* → Uyghur: خوجا (xoja)
** → Mandarin: 獲嘉 / 获嘉 (huòjiā)
* → Uzbek: xoja, xoʻja
* → Azerbaijani: xoca
* → Bashkir: хужа (xuja)
* → Bengali: খাজা (khaja)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: ख़्वाजा (xvājā)
    Urdu: خواجہ (xājā, xvājā)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ਵਾਜਾ (xavājā)
    Shahmukhi script: خواجہ (xvājā)
* → Sindhi: خواجه
* → Ottoman Turkish: خواجه (hâce, hoca), խօճա (hoca) — Armeno-Turkish
** Turkish: hoca
*** → English: hodja
*** → French: hodja
*** → German: Hodscha
*** → Serbo-Croatian: Hodža
*** → Portuguese: hodja
*** → Ubykh: [Term?] (/⁠χʷɜ́ɖ͡ʐɜ⁠/)
** → Albanian: hoxhë
** → Greek: χότζας (chótzas), Χατζάκης (Chatzákis)
** → Hungarian: hodzsa
** → Middle Armenian: խօջայ (xōǰay), խոջայ (xoǰay), խօճայ (xōčay)
*** Armenian: խոջա (xoǰa), հօճա (hōča), խօճա (xōča)
** → Romanian: hoge
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: хоџа
    Latin script: hȍdža, Hodžić
** → Slovak: hodža

### References

* ↑ Asatrian, Garnik (2011) “Review: Iranian Loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik 28) by Claudia A. Ciancaglini”, in Iran and the Caucasus‎, volume 15, number 1/2, page 324
* ↑ Asatrian, Garnik (2012) “Marginal remarks on the history of some Persian words”, in Iran and the Caucasus‎, volume 16, number 1, page 108

### Further reading

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “خواجه”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press