# زفت
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Of uncertain ultimate origin. Related to Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic זִפתָּא (zip̄tā) / זִיפתָּא (zip̄tā), Classical Syriac ܙܦܬܐ (zep̄tā), ܙܒܬܐ (zeḇtā), Hebrew זֶפֶת (zéfeṯ), possibly Arabic-borrowed Ge'ez ዝፍት (zəft) and Semitic-borrowed Old Armenian ձիւթ (jiwtʻ) and Old Georgian ძივთი (ʒivti). Neo-Babylonian 𒍣𒅁𒌈 (zi-ib-tum /⁠ziptu, zibtu⁠/), once glossed “pitch” and rare enough to be West Semitic borrowing, is more correctly glossed “a stone”.

#### Noun

زِفْت • (zift) m
* pitch, tar, latex, asphalt

##### Descendants

* → Northern Kurdish: zift
* → Ottoman Turkish: زفت (zift), زیفت (zift)
** Turkish: zift
** → Armenian: զիֆթ (ziftʻ), զիֆտ (zift)
** → Bulgarian: зифт (zift)
** → Georgian: ზივთი (zivti), ზიფთი (zipti)
** → Greek: ζίφτι (zífti)
** → Laz: ზიჶთი (zifti), ზიჶტი (zifťi)
** → Macedonian: зифт (zift)
** → Serbo-Croatian: зи̏фт / zȉft
* → Persian: زفت (zeft)

#### Further reading

* “zpt”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 151
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, pages 185, 310
* Müller, Friedrich (1894) “Pahlawi, neupersische und armenische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 8, page 283
* ↑ Kogan, Leonid (2019) “Additions and Corrections to Wolf Leslau's Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (1987–2017)”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society, volume 139, number 4, →DOI, page 903 to 632

### Etymology 2

Denominal verb of زِفْت (zift).

#### Verb

زَفَّتَ • (zaffata) II (non-past يُزَفِّتُ (yuzaffitu), verbal noun تَزْفِيت (tazfīt))
* to smear pitch onto

##### Conjugation
### References

* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 151
* Freytag, Georg (1833) “زفت”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 242
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “زفت”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1236

## Moroccan Arabic

* Root
* ز ف ت
* 1 term

### Etymology 1

From Arabic زِفْت (zift).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zaft/

#### Noun

زفت • (zaft) m
* tar, pitch
* (figuratively) rubbish, trash, shit
    شهاد الزفت اللي جبتي معاك للدار ؟š-hād ez-zaft elli jabti mʕāk l-ed-dār ?What is this rubbish you brought home with you?

### Etymology 2

From Arabic زَفَّتَ (zaffata).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zaf.fat/

#### Verb

زفت • (zaffat) II (non-past يزفت (yzaffat), verbal noun تزفات (tazfāt))
* to pave
    Synonym: عبّد (ʕabbad)
    البلدية ما بغاتش تعاود تزفت طريقنا حيت ما كانتش فالميزانية المقررة. أما فالحقيقة غير سالات الانتخابات ما بقاوش مسوقين لينا.el-baladiyya ma bḡātši tʕāwad tzaffat trīqna ḥīt ma kānitši f-el-mīzāniyya. ʔamma f-el-ḥaqīqa ḡīr sālāt l-intiḵābāt ma bqāwši msawwqin līna.The municipality didn't want to repave our road because it wasn't included in the budget. But in truth once the elections were done, they no longer care about us.

## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* زیفت (zift)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic زِفْت (zift, “pitch, tar”).

### Noun

زفت • (zift) (definite accusative زفتی (zifti), plural زفتلر (ziftler))
* pitch, tar, a black, oily, viscous substance derived from organic materials such as wood, peat, or coal
    Synonyms: قره ساقز (kara sakız), قطران (katran), قیر (kir)

#### Derived terms

* زفت قاینار (zift kaynar, “boiling pitch”)
* زفت یاغی (zift yağı, “pisselaeon”)
* زفتلتمك (ziftletmek, “to make or let be pitched”)
* زفتلمك (ziftlemek, “to daub over with pitch”)
* زفتلنمك (ziftlenmek, “to be daubed over with pitch”)
* زفتلو (ziftli, “containing pitch”)
* زفتی (ziftî, “bituminous”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: zift
* → Armenian: զիֆթ (ziftʻ), զիֆտ (zift)
* → Bulgarian: зифт (zift)
* → Georgian: ზივთი (zivti), ზიფთი (zipti)
* → Greek: ζίφτι (zífti)
* → Laz: ზიჶთი (zifti), ზიჶტი (zifťi)
* → Macedonian: зифт (zift)
* → Serbo-Croatian: зи̏фт / zȉft

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “zift”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5482
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “zift”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1427
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “زفت”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 645
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Pix”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1304
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “زفت”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2451
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “zift”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “زفت”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1010

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ز ف ت
* 1 term

### Etymology

From Arabic زَفَّتَ (zaffata).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zaf.fat/, [ˈzaf.fat]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

زفّت • (zaffat) II (present بزفّت (bizaffet))
* to pave
    Synonym: عبّد (ʕabbad)

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of زفّت (zaffat) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | زفّتت (zaffatt) | زفّتت (zaffatt) | زفّت (zaffat) | زفّتنا (zaffatna) | زفّتتو (zaffattu) | زفّتو (zaffatu) |
| past | f | زفّتت (zaffatt) | زفّتتي (zaffatti) | زفّتت (zaffatat) | زفّتنا (zaffatna) | زفّتتو (zaffattu) | زفّتو (zaffatu) |
| present | m | بزفّت (bazaffet) | بتزفّت (bitzaffet) | بزفّت (bizaffet) | منزفّت (minzaffet) | بتزفّتو (bitzafftu) | بزفّتو (bizafftu) |
| present | f | بزفّت (bazaffet) | بتزفّتي (bitzaffti) | بتزفّت (bitzaffet) | منزفّت (minzaffet) | بتزفّتو (bitzafftu) | بزفّتو (bizafftu) |
| subjunctive | m | ازفّت (azaffet) | تزفّت (tzaffet) | يزفّت (yzaffet) | نزفّت (nzaffet) | تزفّتو (tzafftu) | يزفّتو (yzafftu) |
| subjunctive | f | ازفّت (azaffet) | تزفّتي (tzaffti) | تزفّت (tzaffet) | نزفّت (nzaffet) | تزفّتو (tzafftu) | يزفّتو (yzafftu) |
| imperative | m | | زفّت (zaffet) | | | زفّتو (zafftu) | |
| imperative | f | | زفّتي (zaffti) | | | زفّتو (zafftu) | |

### Noun

زفت • (transliteration needed) ?
* tar, asphalt
* (figurative) something terrible, awful, very bad