# تنبل
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian تَنْبَل (tanbal).

#### Adjective

تَنْبَل • (tanbal) (masculine plural تَنَابِلَة (tanābila))
* lazy

##### Declension
#### Verb

تَنْبَلَ • (tanbala) Iq (non-past يُتَنْبِلُ (yutanbilu), verbal noun تَنْبَلَة (tanbala))
* to be or become lazy or sluggish

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

* Root
* ن ب ل (n b l)
* 4 terms

#### Pronunciation

IPA: /ta.nab.ba.la/

#### Verb

تَنَبَّلَ • (tanabbala) V (non-past يَتَنَبَّلُ (yatanabbalu), verbal noun تَنَبُّل (tanabbul))
* to be noble, to be of high rank or talent, to excel
** a. 525, Aš-Šanfara, أقيموا بني أمي صدور مطيكم (first line)‎:وَلَيْلَةِ نَحْسٍ يَصْطَلِيَ القَوْسَ رَبُّهَا … وَأَقْطُعَهُ ٱللَّاتِي بِهَا يَتَنَبَّلُ دَعَسْتُ عَلَى غَطَشٍ وَبَغْشٍ وَصُحْبَتِي … سُعَارٌ وَإِرْزِيزٌ وَوَجْرٌ وَأَفْكُلُwa-laylati naḥsin yaṣṭaliya l-qawsa rabbu-hā … wa-ʔaqṭuʕa-hū l-lātī bi-hā yatanabbalu daʕastu ʕalā ḡaṭašin wabaḡšin wa-ṣuḥbatī … suʕārun wa-ʔirzīzun wa-wajrun wa-ʔafkuluAnd the ill-fated night when the master warmed up his bow, … and his arrowtips, in the handling of which he had trow I trod upon darkness and rain-shower and my following … was the heat of night and snowy hail and timid gulps and shivering

##### Conjugation
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian تنبل (tanbal, “lazy, sluggish”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tɛm.ˈbɛl]
* (dialectal) IPA: [dɛm.ˈbɛl]

### Adjective

تنبل • (tembel)
* idle, lazy, indolent, slothful, sluggish, averse to work, labor or employment
    Synonyms: اوشنكن (üşengen), كاهل (kâhil), هایلاز (haylaz)

#### Derived terms

* تنبل ات (tembel et, “sluggard”)
* تنبلخانه (tembelhâne, “leper-house”)
* تنبللشمك (tembelleşmek, “to become idle”)
* تنبللك (tembellik, “laziness, idleness”)
* تنبللنمك (tembellenmek, “to become idle”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: tembel
* → Albanian: dembel
* → Armenian: թէմպէլ (tʻēmpēl)
* → Bulgarian: дембе́л (dembél)
* → Greek: τεμπέλης (tempélis)
* → Hebrew: טֶמְבֶּל (témbel)
* → Laz: თემბელი (tembeli)
* → Macedonian: дембел (dembel)
* → Romanian: tembel
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: дѐмбел
    Latin script: dèmbel

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “تنبل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 490
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “tembel”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4717
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “تنبل”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 167b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “تنبل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 405
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Piger”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1299
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “تنبل”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1412
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tembel”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “تنبل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 597

## Persian
### Etymology 1

According to Asatrian, sound-symbolic like Ossetian тымбыл (tymbyl, “round”) and Armenian թմբլիկ (tʻmblik, “plump”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [tan.ˈbal]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäm.bǽl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäm.bǽl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰäm.bǽl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰäm.bǽl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰæm.bǽl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäm.bǽl]

#### Adjective

تنبل • (tanbal) (comparative تنبل‌تَر (tanbal-tar), superlative تنبل‌تَرین (tanbal-tarin))
* lazy
* sluggish

##### Descendants

* → Arabic: تَنْبَل (tanbal)
* → Armenian: թամբալ (tʻambal)
* → Azerbaijani: tənbəl
* → Gulf Arabic: تمبل (tambal)
* → Ottoman Turkish: تنبل (tembel)
** Turkish: tembel
** → Albanian: dembel
** → Armenian: թէմպէլ (tʻēmpēl)
** → Bulgarian: дембе́л (dembél)
** → Greek: τεμπέλης (tempélis)
** → Hebrew: טֶמְבֶּל (témbel)
** → Laz: თემბელი (tembeli)
** → Macedonian: дембел (dembel)
** → Romanian: tembel
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: дѐмбел
    Latin script: dèmbel
* → Uyghur: تەنبەل (tenbel)
* → Uzbek: tanbal

#### References

* ↑ Asatrian, Garnik (2011) A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎ (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, pages 760–761
* ↑ Asatrjan, Garnik (2019) “Образования с суффиксальным элементом -l- в новоиранском [Formations with the suffixal element -l- in New Iranian]”, in Caucaso-Caspica IV: Research Papers from the Institute of Oriental Studies, RAU (in Russian), Yerevan: Russian-Armenian University, page 180 of 175–189

### Etymology 2

Perhaps a corruption of Arabic تَنَبُّل (tanabbul). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [tam.ˈbul]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäm.bʊ́l]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäm.bʊ́l]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰäm.bʊ́l]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰäm.búl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰæm.ból̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäm.búl]

#### Noun

تنبل • (tambol)
* (obsolete) trick, stratagem
** 1010, Ferdowsi, شاهنامه [Shahnameh]:پشوتن چنین گفت کز پیل و شیر به تنبل فزونست مرد دلیرPišōtan čunīn guft k-az pīl u šēr⁠ ba tambul fuzūn ast mard-i dalērPišōtan said: "The brave man has more tricks than the elephant and the lion."(romanization in Classical Persian)

### Further reading

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “تنبل”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Persian تنبل (tanbal).

### Adjective

تنبل • (tanbal) (common plural تنابل (tanābel))
* lazy
    Synonym: كسلان (kaslān)

#### See also

* خامل (ḵāmel, “sluggish”)