# कारण
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कारण (kāraṇa, “cause”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kɑː.ɾəɳ/, [käː.ɾɐ̃ɳ]

### Noun

कारण • (kāraṇ) m (Urdu spelling کارَن)
* cause
    यह सब आपके कारण हुआ। ― yah sab āpke kāraṇ huā. ― All this happened because of you.
* reason
    इस पर विश्‍वास करने का कोई कारण नहीं है।is par viś‍vās karne kā koī kāraṇ nahī̃ hai.There is no reason to believe this.

#### Synonyms

* वजह (vajah)

### Further reading

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “कारण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “कारण”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* “कारण”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “कारण”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

## Konkani
### Conjunction

कारण • (kāraṇ) (Latin script ?, Kannada script ?)
* because

## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘜 (kāraṇa, “cause”), from Sanskrit कारण (kāraṇa, “cause”). Cognate with Gujarati કારણ (kāraṇ), Konkani कारण (kāraṇ), Hindi कारण (kāraṇ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.ɾəɳ/

### Conjunction

कारण • (kāraṇ)
* because

### Noun

कारण • (kāraṇ) n
* cause, reason
* excuse
    Synonym: सबब (sabab)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “कारण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “कारण”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

## Old Marathi
### Noun

कारण (kāraṇa) n
* Devanagari script form of 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘜

## Pali
### Alternative scripts

* kāraṇa (Latin script)
* 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* কারণ (Bengali script)
* කාරණ (Sinhalese script)
* ကာရဏ or ၵႃရꧣ (Burmese script)
* การณ or การะณะ (Thai script)
* ᨠᩣᩁᨱ (Tai Tham script)
* ກາຣຓ or ກາຣະຓະ (Lao script)
* ការណ (Khmer script)
* 𑄇𑄂𑄢𑄕 (Chakma script)

### Noun

कारण n
* Devanagari script form of kāraṇa

#### Declension
## Prakrit
### Noun

कारण (kāraṇa) n
* Devanagari script form of 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* কাৰণ (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬵᬭᬡ (Balinese script)
* কারণ (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰯𑰨𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* ကာရဏ (Burmese script)
* કારણ (Gujarati script)
* ਕਾਰਣ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑌾𑌰𑌣 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦴꦫꦟ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂰𑂩𑂝 (Kaithi script)
* ಕಾರಣ (Kannada script)
* ការណ (Khmer script)
* ກາຣຓ (Lao script)
* കാരണ (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘜 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠠᢗᠷᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧑𑧈𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐵𑐬𑐞 (Newa script)
* କାରଣ (Odia script)
* ꢒꢵꢬꢠ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆳𑆫𑆟 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖯𑖨𑖜 (Siddham script)
* කාරණ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩛𑩼𑩪 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚭𑚤𑚘 (Takri script)
* காரண (Tamil script)
* కారణ (Telugu script)
* การณ (Thai script)
* ཀཱ་ར་ཎ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒰𑒩𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨊𑨫𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Vṛddhi derivative of करण (káraṇa), from the root कृ (kṛ).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kɑː.ɾɐ.ɳɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈkɑː.ɾɐ.ɳɐ/

### Noun

कारण • (kāraṇa) stem, n
* cause, reason, factor
** c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 13.22:पुरुषः प्रकृतिस्थो हि भुङ्क्ते प्रकृतिजान्गुणान्। कारणं गुणसङ्गोऽस्य सदसद्योनिजन्मसु॥puruṣaḥ prakṛtistho hi bhuṅkte prakṛtijānguṇān. kāraṇaṃ guṇasaṅgoʼsya sadasadyonijanmasu.The living entity in material nature thus follows the ways of life, enjoying the three modes of nature. Its association with that material nature is the cause for this. Thus he meets with good and evil among various species.
** c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 11.18.6:स्वयं सञ्चिनुयात् सर्वमात्मनो वृत्तिकारणम्। देशकालबलाभिज्ञो नाददीतान्यदाहृतम्॥svayaṃ sañcinuyāt sarvamātmano vṛttikāraṇam. deśakālabalābhijño nādadītānyadāhṛtam.[A Vānaprastha] should personally collect whatever he requires for his bodily maintenance [lit. cause of his own sustenance], carefully considering the time, place and his own capacity. He should never collect provisions for the future.
** c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 11.18.45:भक्त्योद्धवानपायिन्या सर्वलोकमहेश्वरम्। सर्वोत्पत्त्यप्ययं ब्रह्म कारणं मोपयाति सः॥bhaktyoddhavānapāyinyā sarvalokamaheśvaram. sarvotpattyapyayaṃ brahma kāraṇaṃ mopayāti saḥ.My dear Uddhava, I am the Supreme Lord of all worlds, and I create and destroy this universe, being its ultimate cause. I am thus the absolute truth, the cause [of the universe] and one who worships me with unfailing devotional service comes to me.
** c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.17.1:मैत्रेय उवाच निशम्यात्मभुवा गीतं कारणं शङ्कयोज्झिताः। ततः सर्वे न्यवर्तन्त त्रिदिवाय दिवौकसः॥maitreya uvāca niśamyātmabhuvā gītaṃ kāraṇaṃ śaṅkayojjhitāḥ. tataḥ sarve nyavartanta tridivāya divaukasaḥ.Śrī Maitreya said: The demigods, the inhabitants of the higher planets, were freed from all fear upon hearing the cause of the darkness explained by Brahmā, who was born from Viṣṇu. Thus they all returned to their respective planets.
* instrument, means
** c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 6.3:आरुरुक्षोर्मुनेर्योगं कर्म कारणम्उच्यते। योगारूढस्यतस्यैव शमः कारणम्उच्यते॥ārurukṣormuneryogaṃ karma kāraṇamucyate. yogārūḍhasyatasyaiva śamaḥ kāraṇamucyate.For one who is a neophyte in the eightfold yoga system, work is said to be the means; and for one who is already elevated in yoga, cessation of all material activities is said to be the means.
* motive, origin, principle
* an element, elementary matter
* the origin or plot of a play or poem
* that on which an opinion or judgement is founded (a sign, mark, a proof, a legal instrument, document)
* an organ of sense
* an action
* agency, instrumentality, condition
* "the cause of being", a father
* "cause of creation", a deity
* the body
* a kind of musical instrument
* a sort of song
* a number of scribes or kāyasthas
* killing, injury

#### Descendants

* Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa)
** Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa) (see there for further descendants)
* Old Javanese: kāraṇa
** Javanese: ꦏꦫꦤ (karana, “reason, cause; because”), ꦏꦿꦤ (krana, “reason; because of”), ꦏꦼꦫꦤ (kerana, “because”)
** → Balinese: ᬓᬭᬡ (karana, “cause, origin, reason”)
* Pali: kāraṇa
* → Hindi: कारण (kāraṇ)
* → Kannada: ಕಾರಣ (kāraṇa)
* → Malayalam: കാരണം (kāraṇaṁ)
* → Old Marathi: 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘜 (kāraṇa)
** Marathi: कारण (kāraṇ)
* → Tamil: காரணம் (kāraṇam)
* → Telugu: కారణము (kāraṇamu)

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “कारण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 274, column 2.
* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “कारण”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
* Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “kāraṇa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kāraṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press