# equus
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* equos (Republican spelling)
* ecus (phonetic spelling)

### Etymology

* PIE word
* *h₁éḱwos
For Proto-Italic *ekwos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos), Sanskrit अश्व (áśva), Persian اسب (asb), Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”), Tocharian B yakwe, Gaulish epos. Respelt with QVV for the earlier QVO/CV in post-Augustan times on the analogy of oblique cases.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈe.kʷus/, [ˈɛkʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈe.kwus/, [ˈɛːkwus]

### Noun

equus m (genitive equī, feminine equa); second declension
* horse
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid II.48:equo ne credite, Teucri! Quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentes.Do not trust the horse, Trojans! Whatever it is, I fear the Danaans even if they are bearing gifts.
** Vergil, Aeneis II, 48 and 110-113 and 150 (edited and translated by H. Rushton Fairclough, Virgil with an English translation I, 1916)
    saepe illos aspera ponti | interclusit hiems et terruit Auster euntis; | praecipue, cum iam hic trabibus contextus acernis | staret equus, toto sonuerunt aethere nimbi.
       Often a fierce tempest of the deep cut them off and the gale scared them from going. Above all, when yonder horse now stood framed of maple-beams, storm clouds sounded throughout the sky.
    quo molem hanc immanis equi statuere?
       To what end have they set up this huge mass of a horse?
* steed, charger
** Vergil, Georgicon II, 541-542 (edited and translated by H. Rushton Fairclough, Virgil with an English translation I, 1916)
    Sed nos immensum spatiis confecimus aequor, | et iam tempus equum fumantia solvere colla.
       But in our course we have traversed a mighty plain, and now it is time to unyoke the necks of our smoking steeds.

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Synonyms

* caballus
* cantērius
* mannus
* verēdus

#### Hypernyms

* iūmentum (when used to pull carts)
* armentum (when used to pull plows)

#### Derived terms

* equisaetum
* equīsō
* Equus

#### Related terms

* equa
* equārius
* eques
* equester
* equiferus
* equīle
* equimulga
* equīnus
* equiō
* equīria
* equis virisque
* equitārius
* equitātiō
* equitātus
* equitium
* equitō
* equula
* equuleus
* equulus
* Equus Troianus

#### Descendants

* → Esperanto: ekvo, ekvedo, ekveno
* → Translingual: Equus

### References

* “equus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “equus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* equus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* equus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to begin a journey (on foot, on horseback, by land): iter ingredi (pedibus, equo, terra) to ride: equo vehi to saddle a horse: sternere equum to mount: conscendere equum to mount: ascendere in equum to dismount: descendere ex equo to be on horseback: in equo sedere; equo insidēre to sit a horse well; to have a good seat: (in) equo haerere to put spurs to a horse: calcaria subdere equo to put spurs to a horse: calcaribus equum concitare at full gallop: equo citato or admisso ride against any one at full speed; charge a person: equum in aliquem concitare to give a horse the reins: admittere, permittere equum to give a horse the reins: frenos dare equo to make a horse prance: agitare equum to manage a horse: moderari equum the horses are panic-stricken, run away: equi consternantur to bring horses to the halt when at full gallop: equos incitatos sustinere to keep horses, dogs: alere equos, canes to serve in the cavalry, infantry: equo, pedibus merere (Liv. 27. 11) to capture horses: capere equos to fight on horseback: ex equo pugnare