# κέρας
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *kérats, probably remodeled from an earlier s-stem *kéras (like κᾰ́ρᾱ (kắrā), κᾰ́ρηνον (kắrēnon), κρᾱνίον (krāníon)), as preserved in e.g. κερασ-φόρος (keras-phóros, “with a horn”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head, top; front of the skull; horn”); see there for more. An older etymology supposes Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-n̥t-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ké.ras/ → /ˈce.ras/ → /ˈce.ras/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ké.ras/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈke.ras/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈce.ras/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈce.ras/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈce.ras/

### Noun

κέρας • (kéras) n (genitive κέρᾱτος or κέρᾰος or κέρως); third declension
* horn (of an animal)
* horn as a material, or anything made of horn, such as a bow.
* (music) horn (musical instrument)
* arm or branch of a river
* the side branch (either left or right) of a military array for battle.
* (metonymically, horn of a powerful animal as a tool) horn used in biblical interpretation as representing a person as focus of a group for power.

#### Inflection

κέρᾰς (kérăs) was sometimes declined using the stem κέρᾰτ- (kérăt-) and sometimes the stem κέρᾰ- (kéră-). Both are shown below.

#### Derived terms

* αἰγόκερᾰς (aigókerăs)
* βούκερᾰς (boúkerăs)
* κεράτινος (kerátinos)
* κεράτιον (kerátion)
* μονόκερως (monókerōs)
* ῥινόκερως (rhinókerōs)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κέρας”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 676–677

### Further reading

* “κέρας”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “κέρας”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “κέρας”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* κέρας in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* κέρας in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “κέρας”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G2768 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* κέρας in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. antler idem, page 32.arm idem, page 40.bend idem, page 73.branch idem, page 93.bugle idem, page 103.column idem, page 144.flank idem, page 325.fork idem, page 338.horn idem, page 406.reach idem, page 675.wing idem, page 981.

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κέρας (kéras).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈce.ɾas/

### Noun

κέρας • (kéras) n (plural κέρατα)
* (anatomy) horn
* (music) horn (wind instrument)

#### Related terms

* κέρατο n (kérato, “horn”)
* κερατίνη f (keratíni, “keratin”)
* κερατάς m (keratás, “cuckold”)
* κέρας της Αμάλθειας n (kéras tis Amáltheias, “cornucopia, horn of plenty”)

#### Further reading

* κέρας on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$