# 習慣
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xíguàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄢˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zaap$^6$ gwaan$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): dip$^5$ gan$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): si̍p-koan
    (Hailu, HRS): sib$^ˋ$ guan$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xib$^6$ guan$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĭk-guáng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sih$^7$ guang$^4$ / sih$^7$ guong$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): si̍p-koàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sib$^8$ guêng$^3$ / sib$^8$ guang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zhiq-kue
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xíguàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: síguàn
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^2$-kuan$^4$
*** Yale: syí-gwàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyiguann
*** Palladius: сигуань (siguanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi³⁵ ku̯än⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaap$^6$ gwaan$^3$
*** Yale: jaahp gwaan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaap$^9$ gwaan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zab$^6$ guan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːp̚² kʷaːn³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: dip$^5$ gan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tip̚³² kan³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si̍p-koan
*** Hakka Romanization System: xib guan
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xib$^6$ guan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sip̚⁵ ku̯an⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: sib$^ˋ$ guan$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /sip² kuan¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xib$^6$ guan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sip̚⁵ kuan⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭk-guáng
*** Sinological IPA : /siʔ⁵⁻²¹ kuɑŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sih$^7$ guang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiʔ⁴ kuaŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sih$^7$ guong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiʔ²⁴ kuoŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍p-koàn
*** Tâi-lô: si̍p-kuàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sibkoaxn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sip̚⁴⁻³² kuan²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sip̚²⁴⁻² kuan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kuan²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sip̚⁴⁻³² kuan¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sip̚⁴⁻³² kuan²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sib$^8$ guêng$^3$ / sib$^8$ guang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si̍p kuèng / si̍p kuàng
*** Sinological IPA : /sip̚⁴⁻² kueŋ²¹³/, /sip̚⁴⁻² kuaŋ²¹³/
* sib8 guêng3 - Chaozhou;
* sib8 guang3 - Shantou.

### Verb

習慣
* to be accustomed to; to be in the habit of
       Wǒ néng xíguàn zhèyàng de shēnghuó. [Pinyin]
       I could get used to this kind of life.

#### Usage notes

* Unlike Mandarin, 習慣／习惯 is rarely used as a verb in Min Nan; 慣勢／惯势 (kòan-sì) is used instead.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 習慣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 習慣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 習慣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 習慣 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 慣, 習慣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 慣, 習慣 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 慣 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 習慣, 慣 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 慣, 慣勢 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 慣勢 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 慣勢 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 慣勢 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 慣勢, 習慣 GT |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 慣勢 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 慣勢 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 慣勢 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 慣勢 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 習慣, 慣 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 慣勢 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 習慣 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |

#### Antonyms

* 不慣／不惯 (bùguàn)

### Noun

習慣
* custom; habit (Classifier: 個／个 m c)
    養成習慣／养成习惯 ― yǎngchéng xíguàn ― to form a habit
    改變壞習慣／改变坏习惯 ― gǎibiàn huài xíguàn ― to change a bad habit

#### Synonyms

* 習性／习性 (xíxìng)

### Derived terms

* 習慣勢力 / 习惯势力
* 習慣性 / 习惯性
* 習慣成自然 / 习惯成自然 (xíguàn chéng zìrán)
* 習慣法 / 习惯法 (xíguànfǎ)
* 習慣用語 / 习惯用语 (xíguàn yòngyǔ)
* 風俗習慣 / 风俗习惯 (fēngsú xíguàn)

### Further reading

* “Entry #7767”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 習 | 慣 |
| しゅう Grade: 3 | かん Grade: 5 |
| kan'on ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゅうかん [shùúkáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕɨːkã̠ɴ]

### Noun

習(しゅう)慣(かん) • (shūkan)
* custom, habit; way
    地域(ちいき)の習慣(しゅうかん)
       chiiki no shūkan
       regional custom
    社会的(しゃかいてき)習慣(しゅうかん)
       shakaiteki shūkan
       social custom

#### Derived terms

* 習慣的(しゅうかんてき) (shūkanteki, “customary; conventional”)

### See also

* 慣習(かんしゅう) (kanshū)
* 癖(くせ) (kuse, “habit; tendency”)

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ “習慣”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 習 | 慣 |

### Noun

習慣 • (seupgwan) (hangeul 습관)
* hanja form of 습관 (“habit”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 習 | 慣 |

### Noun

習慣
* chữ Hán form of tập quán (“habit”).