# 滅亡
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mièwáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄨㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mit$^6$ mong$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): me̍t-mòng
    (Hailu, HRS): med$^ˋ$ mong
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): beh$^7$ morng$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bia̍t-bông
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mièwáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄨㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mièwáng
*** Wade–Giles: mieh$^4$-wang$^2$
*** Yale: myè-wáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miehwang
*** Palladius: меван (mevan)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mit$^6$ mong$^4$
*** Yale: miht mòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mit$^9$ mong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mid$^6$ mong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːt̚² mɔːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: me̍t-mòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: med mong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: med$^6$ mong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /met̚⁵ moŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: med$^ˋ$ mong
*** Sinological IPA: /met² moŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: beh$^7$ morng$^2$ [Phonetic: beh$^6$ morng$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /pɛʔ⁴⁻¹ mɒŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: beh$^7$ morng$^2$ [Phonetic: beh$^6$ morng$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /pɛʔ²⁴⁻² mɒŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bia̍t-bông
*** Tâi-lô: bia̍t-bông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biadboong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /biɛt̚⁴⁻³² bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛt̚²⁴⁻² bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɛt̚⁴⁻³² bɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛt̚⁴⁻³² bɔŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: mjiet mjang
Rime :
| Character | 滅 | 亡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 薛 (81) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 亡列切 | 武方切 |
| Baxter | mjiet | mjang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /miᴇt̚/ | /mʉɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miɛt̚/ | /mʷiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mjæt̚/ | /miuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /miat̚/ | /muaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /miɛt̚/ | /miuaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭɛt̚/ | /mĭwaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯ɛt̚/ | /miwaŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | miè | wáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mit$^6$ | mong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m]et maŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*med maŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 滅 | 亡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | miè | wáng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjiet › | ‹ mjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[m]et/ | /*maŋ/ |
| English | destroy | flee; disappear; die |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 滅 | 亡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13942 | 12662 |
| Phonetic component | 戌 | 亡 |
| Rime group | 月 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 滅 | 亡 |
| Old Chinese | /*med/ | /*maŋ/ |
| Notes | 烕轉註 | |

### Verb

滅亡
* (intransitive) to be destroyed; to become extinct; to die out
    走向滅亡／走向灭亡 ― zǒuxiàng mièwáng ― to be on the road to ruin
* (transitive) to destroy; to annihilate; to exterminate
       Zài Āsàibàijiāng chángnián de zhǔnbèi hé fēngsuǒ xià, Nàkǎ zhèngquán zài yīrì de shíjiān nèi xùnsù mièwáng. [Pinyin]
       With long-term preparation and blockade, the Nagorno-Karabakh regime was quickly annihilated within one day.

#### Synonyms

* (to be destroyed):
* 亡
* 湮沒 / 湮没 (yānmò)
* 覆亡 (fùwáng) (literary)
* 覆沒 / 覆没 (fùmò)
* 覆滅 / 覆灭 (fùmiè)
* (to destroy):
* 亡
* 剪除 (jiǎnchú)
* 埋葬 (máizàng) (literary, figuratively)
* 打掉 (dǎdiào)
* 撲滅 / 扑灭 (pūmiè)
* 收拾 (colloquial)
* 根除 (gēnchú)
* 殲滅 / 歼灭 (jiānmiè)
* 殺滅 / 杀灭 (shāmiè)
* 毀滅 / 毁灭 (huǐmiè)
* 泯絕 / 泯绝 (mǐnjué) (literary)
* 消滅 / 消灭 (xiāomiè)
* 滅殺 / 灭杀 (mièshā)
* 滅絕 / 灭绝 (mièjué)
* 絕滅 / 绝灭 (juémiè)
* 翦除 (jiǎnchú) (literary)
* 解決 / 解决 (jiějué)
* 討滅 / 讨灭 (tǎomiè) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 自取滅亡 / 自取灭亡 (zìqǔmièwáng)

#### Related terms

* 消失 (xiāoshī)
* 消亡 (xiāowáng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 滅亡(めつぼう) (metsubō)
* → Korean: 멸망(滅亡) (myeolmang)
* → Vietnamese: diệt vong (滅亡)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 滅 | 亡 |
| めつ Grade: S | ぼう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) めつぼー [mètsúbóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [me̞t͡sɨbo̞ː]

### Noun

滅(めつ)亡(ぼう) • (metsubō)
* death, collapse
* extinction

#### Synonyms

* 消滅(しょうめつ) (shōmetsu)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “death”): 成立, 勃興

### Verb

滅(めつ)亡(ぼう)する • (metsubō suru) intransitive suru (stem 滅(めつ)亡(ぼう)し (metsubō shi), past 滅(めつ)亡(ぼう)した (metsubō shita))
* to die, to perish
* to die out, to become extinct

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 滅亡し | めつぼうし | metsubō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 滅亡し | めつぼうし | metsubō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 滅亡する | めつぼうする | metsubō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 滅亡する | めつぼうする | metsubō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 滅亡すれ | めつぼうすれ | metsubō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 滅亡せよ¹ 滅亡しろ² | めつぼうせよ¹ めつぼうしろ² | metsubō seyo¹ metsubō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 滅亡される | めつぼうされる | metsubō sareru |
| Causative | 滅亡させる 滅亡さす | めつぼうさせる めつぼうさす | metsubō saseru metsubō sasu |
| Potential | 滅亡できる | めつぼうできる | metsubō dekiru |
| Volitional | 滅亡しよう | めつぼうしよう | metsubō shiyō |
| Negative | 滅亡しない | めつぼうしない | metsubō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 滅亡せず | めつぼうせず | metsubō sezu |
| Formal | 滅亡します | めつぼうします | metsubō shimasu |
| Perfective | 滅亡した | めつぼうした | metsubō shita |
| Conjunctive | 滅亡して | めつぼうして | metsubō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 滅亡すれば | めつぼうすれば | metsubō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 滅 | 亡 |

### Noun

滅亡 • (myeolmang) (hangeul 멸망)
* hanja form of 멸망 (“extinction”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 滅 | 亡 |

### Verb

滅亡
* chữ Hán form of diệt vong (“to perish; to be destroyed”).