# केसर
## Hindi
### Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara), from Prakrit 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara), from Sanskrit केसर (kesara, “hair, saffron”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *káysaras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káysaras, from Proto-Indo-European *kéysero- (“hair”). The sense of "saffron" developed in Sanskrit based on the spice's physical resemblance to hair. Cognate with Bengali কেশর (keśor)

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /keː.səɾ/, [keː.sɐɾ]

### Noun

केसर • (kesar) m (Urdu spelling کیسر)
* the stigma or pistil of a flower, especially of the crocus (Crocus sativus)
* filament of a lotus
* saffron
    Synonyms: कुंकुम (kuṅkum), ज़ाफ़रान (zāfrān)
* saffron or yellow
    केसर:

#### Descendants

* → English: kesar

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “केसर”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Monier Williams (1899) “केसर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 310.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kḗsara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

## Sanskrit

* কেসৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬾᬲᬭ (Balinese script)
* কেসর (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰸𑰭𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* ကေသရ (Burmese script)
* કેસર (Gujarati script)
* ਕੇਸਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑍇𑌸𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦺꦱꦫ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂵𑂮𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಕೇಸರ (Kannada script)
* កេសរ (Khmer script)
* ເກສຣ (Lao script)
* കേസര (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᡝᠰ᠌ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘹𑘭𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠧᠰᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧚𑧍𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐾𑐳𑐬 (Newa script)
* କେସର (Odia script)
* ꢒꢾꢱꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆼𑆱𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖸𑖭𑖨 (Siddham script)
* කෙසර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩔𑪁𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚲𑚨𑚤 (Takri script)
* கேஸர (Tamil script)
* కేసర (Telugu script)
* เกสร (Thai script)
* ཀེ་ས་ར (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒹𑒮𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨄𑨰𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Sense "hair, mane" is from Proto-Indo-Aryan *káysaras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káysaras, from Proto-Indo-European *kéysero- (“hair”). Cognate with Latin caesaries.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kɐ́j.sɐ.ɾɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈkeː.s̪ɐ.ɾɐ/

### Noun

केसर • (késara) stem, m or n
* hair
    Synonyms: वाल (valá), वल्श (válśa), केश (kéśa)
* mane
* any fibre or filament of flowers or vegetables, resembling strands of hair
* saffron; the spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, resembling hair
    Synonym: कुङ्कुम (kuṅkuma)

#### Related terms

* केसरी (kesarī)
* केशर (keśara)

#### Descendants

* Pali: kesara
* Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara)
** Central:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara)
**** Hindustani:
***** Hindi: केसर (kēsar)
****** → English: kesar
***** Urdu: کیسر (kēsar)
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara)
**** Bengali: কেশর (keśor), কেসর (keśor)
**** Odia: କେଶର (keśara), କେସର (kesara)
** Northern:
*** Khasa Prakrit:
**** Nepali: केश्रो (keśro), केशर (keśar)
** Northwestern:
*** Paisaci Prakrit:
**** Takka Apabhramsa:
***** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਕੇਸਰ (kēsar)
    Shahmukhi script: کیسَر (kēsar)
**** Vracada Apabhramsa:
***** Sindhi:
****** Devanagari script: कैसरि (kaisari)
****** Arabic script: ڪَيسَْرِ (kaisari)
** Southern:
*** Helu Prakrit:
**** Dhivehi: ކެހެރި (keheri)
**** Sinhalese: කෙසර (kesara), කෙසුරු (kesuru)
*** Maharastri Prakrit:
**** Marathi: केंसर (keusar), केशर (keśar)
** Western:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara)
**** Gujarati: કેસર (kesar)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “केसर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 310.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kḗsara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press