# ताम्र
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ताम्र (tāmra). Doublet of ताँबा (tāmbā).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /t̪ɑːm.ɾᵊ/, [t̪ä̃ːm.ɾᵊ]

### Noun

ताम्र • (tāmra) m (Urdu spelling تامر)
* copper

#### Derived terms

* ताम्र गन्धेय (tāmra gandhey, “copper sulfide”)
* ताम्र जारेय (tāmra jārey, “copper oxide”)
* ताम्र भास्वीय (tāmra bhāsvīya, “copper phosphate”)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* তাম্ৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬢᬵᬫ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
* তাম্র (Bengali script)
* 𑰝𑰯𑰦𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀢𑀸𑀫𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* တာမြ (Burmese script)
* તામ્ર (Gujarati script)
* ਤਾਮ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌤𑌾𑌮𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦠꦴꦩꦿ (Javanese script)
* 𑂞𑂰𑂧𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ತಾಮ್ರ (Kannada script)
* តាម្រ (Khmer script)
* ຕາມ຺ຣ (Lao script)
* താമ്ര (Malayalam script)
* ᢠᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘝𑘰𑘦𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᢐᠠᢗᠮᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦽𑧑𑧆𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐟𑐵𑐩𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
* ତାମ୍ର (Odia script)
* ꢡꢵꢪ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆠𑆳𑆩𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖝𑖯𑖦𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
* තාම්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩫𑩛𑩴 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚙𑚭𑚢𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
* தாம்ர (Tamil script)
* తామ్ర (Telugu script)
* ตามฺร (Thai script)
* ཏཱ་མྲ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒞𑒰𑒧𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨙𑨊𑨢𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Related to तमस् (tamas, “gloom, darkness, obscurity”), as copper is a dark-colored metal, perhaps via a Proto-Indo-European form *tm̥H-ró-, with the long ā vowel perhaps stemming from analogical influence of forms in तम् (tam).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /tɑːm.ɾɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈt̪ɑːm.ɾɐ/

### Noun

ताम्र • (tāmrá) stem, n
* copper

#### Derived terms

* ताम्रपर्णी (tāmraparṇī)

#### Descendants

* Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀁𑀩 (taṃba)
** Fiji Hindi: tamba
* Helu Prakrit:
** Sinhalese: තඹ (taᵐba)
* Magadhi Prakrit:
** Assamese: তাম (tam)
** Bengali: তামা (tama)
*** → Atong (India): tama
** Hajong: তামা
* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀁𑀩 (taṃba)
** Marathi: तांबे (tāmbe)
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀁𑀩 (taṃba)
** Saurashtra: ꢡꢪ꣄ꢨꢾ (tambe)
** Sindhi: ٽامو, टामो
** Gujarati: તાંબું (tā̃bũ)
** Hindustani:
    Hindi: ताँबा (tāmbā)
    Urdu: تانبا
** Punjabi: ਤਾਂਬਾ (tāmbā)
* → Hindi: ताम्र (tāmra)
* → Kannada: ತಾಮ್ರ (tāmra)
* → Malayalam: താമ്ര (tāmra), താമ്രം (tāmraṁ)
* → Tulu: താംബ്ര (tāmbra)
* → Sindhi: टामो
* → Tamil: தாமிரம் (tāmiram)
* → Telugu: తామ్రము (tāmramu)
* ⇒ Sanskrit: ताम्रक (tāmraka)
** → Javanese: tembaga
** → Malay: tembaga
*** → Indonesian: tembaga
*** → Dutch: tombak
**** → Danish: tombak
**** → German: Tombak
**** → English: tombak, tombac
**** → French: tombac
**** → Italian: tombacco
**** → Pashto: ټومباک
**** → Portuguese: tambaque, tambaca
**** → Russian: томпа́к (tompák)
*** → Spanish: tumbaga
**** → English: tumbaga

#### See also

* तमर (tamara, “tin”)
* तामरस (tāmarasa, “the little egret heron or the day-lotus”)

### References

* ↑ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*tem(ǝ)-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1063-1064
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “tāmrá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 642

### Further reading

* “ताम्र” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 201, column 2.
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “ताम्र”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 108
* Monier Williams (1899) “ताम्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 443, column 1.