# عزم
## Arabic

* Root
* ع ز م (ʕ z m)
* 4 terms

### Verb

عَزَمَ • (ʕazama) I (non-past يَعْزِمُ (yaʕzimu), verbal noun عَزْم (ʕazm) or عُزْم (ʕuzm) or مَعْزَم (maʕzam) or مَعْزِم (maʕzim) or عُزْمَان (ʕuzmān) or عَزِيم (ʕazīm) or عَزِيمَة (ʕazīma))
* to decide, to resolve [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘on something’]
* to determine, to make up one's mind, to be firmly resolved [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘to do something’]
* to adjure, to command formally [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘someone’]
* to go, to resort [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘to something’]
* to conjure, to charm, to read spells
* (transitive, colloquial) to summon, invite [with accusative ‘someone’, along with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘to something’ or أَن (ʔan) ‘to do something’]

#### Conjugation
### Noun

عَزْم or عُزْم • (ʕazm or ʕuzm) m (plural عُزُوم (ʕuzūm))
* verbal noun of عَزَمَ (ʕazama) (form I)
* firm resolution, resolve, determination
** 1962, Ghassan Kanafani, رجال في الشمس [Men in the Sun]:كَانَ ٱلْأُفُقُ مَجْمُوعَةً مِنَ ٱلْخُطُوطِ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَةِ، وَلٰكِنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ عَقَدَ عَزْمَهُ عَلَى ٱلْمَسِيرِ بِجِدٍّkāna l-ʔufuqu majmūʕatan mina l-ḵuṭūṭi l-mustaqīmati, walākinnahu kāna qad ʕaqada ʕazmahu ʕalā l-masīri bijiddinThe horizon was a collection of straight, orange lines, but he had taken a firm decision to go forward, doggedly.
* decision
* energy
* (physics) torque

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: əzm
* → Chagatai: عزم
** Uyghur: ئەزم (ezm)
** Uzbek: azm
* → Ottoman Turkish: عزم (azm)
** Turkish: azim
* → Persian: عزم ('azm)
* → Turkmen: azm
* → Urdu: عزم (ʻazm)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَزْم (ʕazm).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔazm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäzm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäzm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäzm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäzm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæzm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔäzm]

### Noun

| Dari | عزم |
| Iranian Persian | عزم |
| Tajik | азм |
عزم • ('azm)
* determination, resolve

### References

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “عزم”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ع ز م
* 1 term

### Etymology

From Arabic عَزَمَ (ʕazama).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.zam/, [ˈʕa.zam]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

عزم • (ʕazam) I (present بعزم (biʕzim))
* to invite

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of عزم (ʕazam) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | عزمت (ʕazamt) | عزمت (ʕazamt) | عزم (ʕazam) | عزمنا (ʕazamna) | عزمتو (ʕazamtu) | عزمو (ʕazamu) |
| past | f | عزمت (ʕazamt) | عزمتي (ʕazamti) | عزمت (ʕazmat) | عزمنا (ʕazamna) | عزمتو (ʕazamtu) | عزمو (ʕazamu) |
| present | m | بعزم (baʕzim) | بتعزم (btiʕzim) | بعزم (biʕzim) | منعزم (mniʕzim) | بتعزمو (btiʕzimu) | بعزمو (biʕzimu) |
| present | f | بعزم (baʕzim) | بتعزمي (btiʕzimi) | بتعزم (btiʕzim) | منعزم (mniʕzim) | بتعزمو (btiʕzimu) | بعزمو (biʕzimu) |
| subjunctive | m | أعزم (ʔaʕzim) | تعزم (tiʕzim) | يعزم (yiʕzim) | نعزم (niʕzim) | تعزمو (tiʕzimu) | يعزمو (yiʕzimu) |
| subjunctive | f | أعزم (ʔaʕzim) | تعزمي (tiʕzimi) | تعزم (tiʕzim) | نعزم (niʕzim) | تعزمو (tiʕzimu) | يعزمو (yiʕzimu) |
| imperative | m | | اعزم (iʕzim) | | | اعزمو (iʕzimu) | |
| imperative | f | | اعزمي (iʕzimi) | | | اعزمو (iʕzimu) | |

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَزْم (ʕazm).

### Noun

عزم • (azm) m (Hindi spelling अज़्म)
* determination, resolve, resolution