# jb
## English
### Noun

jb (usually uncountable, plural jbs)
* Initialism of jailbait.

### Anagrams

* B.J., BJ, bj

## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jībā
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ ㄅㄚ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jībā
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ ㄅㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiba
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^1$-pa$^1$
*** Yale: jī-bā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiba
*** Palladius: цзиба (cziba)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

### Noun

jb
* Initialism of 雞巴 / 鸡巴 (jībā).

## Egyptian
### Etymology 1

Speculatively, from Proto-Afroasiatic *lib- (“heart”); as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking. If so, perhaps cognate with Proto-Semitic *libb- and Proto-Berber *ulβ.

#### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /jib/ → /jib/ → /ʔeb/ → /ʔep/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /jib/
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /jib/
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ʔeb/
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ʔep/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ib/
** Conventional anglicization: ib

#### Noun

m
* heart (blood-pumping organ of a person or animal)
    Synonym: ḥꜣtj
* core, heart, center
* mind; seat of thoughts, emotions, character, personality, etc.
    Synonym: ḥꜣtj
** c. 1292-1189 BCE, (19th Dynasty), The Hymn to the Nile flood (Papyrus Chester Beatty V):
    smn mꜣꜥt m jbw rmṯ […]Truth is fixed in the minds of men […]
* mental faculties
** c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 13–17: jꜥ tw jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k jḫ wšb.k wšd.t(w).k mdw.k n nswt jb.k m-ꜥ.k wšb.k nn njtjtWash yourself, put water on your fingers, so you might answer when you are addressed, speak to the king with your mind in your possession, and answer without stammering.
** c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Ptahhotep (pPrisse/pBN 186–194) line 5.1: jb tm.w nj sḫꜣ.n.f sfThe mind is done with, not being able to remember yesterday.
* intellect, understanding, mind, capacity for thought
** c. 1876 BCE, after year 2 of Amenemhat II, Stele of Wepwawetaa (Leiden V4/AP 63), line 6:
    jn jb.j sḫnt st.jIt was my mind that advanced my position.
** c. 1391–1353 BCE, reign of Amenhotep III, Statue E of Amenhotep son of Hapu (Cairo CG 583 + 835), line 7:
    s[ḏ]m jb pw ḏꜥr.f zḥ ḫppwt mj ntj jb ḫft.s gm ṯz tj sw m gm-wš nb sꜣrt mḥ-jb jtyHe is one who listens to the mind when he investigates the counsel of strange things no less than that with which the mind accords, one who finds the expression when it is found blank, a possessor of wisdom, the confidant of the sovereign, […]
* conscience, moral sense
* intention, will
    ― jrj jb ― to do the will of
    ― n jb.f ― according to his wish
* appetite; will or desire for gratification
** c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.8–1.9: jr swrj.k ḥnꜥ tḫw šzp.k jw jb.f ḥtp.wIf you drink with a drunkard, you should partake when his heart is satisfied.
** c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.11–1.12: ḫr (tw)r n(j) ḥr r dfꜣ jb jmꜣ n.f kꜣhs r mwt.fOne who is averted of face against feeding the heart (i.e. one who doesn’t indulge himself), the harsh man has to be more kindly to him than his (own) mother.
* mood, emotional state
** c. 1650 BCE – 1550 BCE, Tales from Papyrus Westcar (pWestcar/pBerlin 3033) lines 9.12–9.13: wn.jn ḥm.f jb.f wꜣ(.w) r ḏwt ḥr.s dḏ.jn ḏdj ptj jr.f pꜣ jb j (j)ty ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb nb.jThen, (as for) His Majesty, his mood fell into a bad state over this. Then Djedi said, Now what is this mood, O sovereign (life, prosperity, health!), my lord?
** c. 1650 BCE – 1550 BCE, Tales from Papyrus Westcar (pWestcar/pBerlin 3033) lines 12.20–12.22: gm.n.f rwd-ḏdt ḥms.tj tp.s ḥr mꜣst.s jb.s ḏw(.w) r ḫt nbt ꜥḥꜥ.n ḏd.n.f n.s ḥnwt.j jrr.t pꜣ jb ḥr mjHe found Ruddjedet sitting, her head on her knees and her mood worse than anything. Then he said to her, My lady, why are you engaging in this mood?

##### Alternative forms

| jb | jb | jb | jꜣb | jjb | jb |
| | [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [Greco-Roman Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] |

##### Derived terms

* ꜣwj-jb
* ꜣwt-jb
* ꜣms-jb
* ꜣḫ jb
* ꜣḫ m jb
* ꜣs jb
* ꜣd jb r
* jꜥj jb
* jꜥw n jb
* jb-n-nswt
* jb-n-rꜥ
* jp-jb
* jp m jb
* jmꜣ-jb
* jmj jb
* ꜥwn jb
* ꜥm jb
* ꜥḏ-jb
* wꜣḥ jb
* wbꜣ jb
* wnf jb
* wḏꜣ jb
* nj-jb
* n jb n
* nfr-jb
* ntt m jb
* r-jb
* r mḏdw n jb n
* rqj jb
* rḏj jb
* rḏj jb m sꜣ
* rḏj jb n
* rḏj jb ḫnt
* rḏj m jb
* r ḏr jb
* ḥrj jb
* ḥr jb
* ḥr jb n
* ẖꜣk-jb
* swḏꜣ jb
* st-jb
* stẖ-pr-jb.sn
* kfꜣ-jb
* dꜣr jb

##### Descendants

* Demotic: jb

##### See also

* 𓄣

#### Verb

2-lit.
* (intransitive, with r) to wish to, to intend to (do something) [since Middle Kingdom literature]
** c. 1552 BCE, Kamose, Carnarvon Tablet I (Cairo JE 41790):
    jb.j r nḥm kmt ḥ(w)t ꜥꜣmwI intend to save Egypt and smite the Asiatics.
* (intransitive, with r) to wish for, to want, to desire (something) [since Middle Kingdom literature]

##### Inflection
#### Verb

2-lit.
* (transitive) to think, to suppose [since Middle Kingdom literature]
** c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 57–59: jb.kw wꜣw pw n(j) wꜣḏ-wrI thought, ‘It is a wave of the sea.’

##### Alternative forms

| jb | jb |

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ib/
** Conventional anglicization: ib

#### Noun

m
* goat kid [Middle Kingdom literature and 18th Dynasty]

##### Alternative forms

| jb | jb |
| [18th Dynasty] | [18th Dynasty] |
| from the tomb of Rekhmire | from the tomb of Rekhmire |

##### Descendants

* Demotic: yb

### Etymology 3

perfective active participle of jbj (“to be(come) thirsty”).

#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ib/
** Conventional anglicization: ib

#### Noun

m
* thirsty man

##### Alternative forms

| jb | jb |

##### Descendants

* Demotic: jb

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ib/
** Conventional anglicization: ib

#### Verb

3-lit.
* Alternative form of jbꜣ (“to dance”) [18th Dynasty]

##### Alternative forms

jb :

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /ib/
** Conventional anglicization: ib

#### Noun

m
* Alternative form of jbw (“refuge”)

### References

* “jb (lemma ID 23290)”, “jb (lemma ID 23370)”, “jb (lemma ID 23340)”, and “jb (lemma ID 23360)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 59.10–60.13, 61.7, 61.11, 61.15
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 14–15
* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 81, 166, 388, 456.
* 1 2 Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 31
* ↑ Helck, Wolfgang (1972) Der Text des “Nilhymnus”, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, Page 65
* ↑ The Hymn to the Nile flood at Digital Egypt for Universities
* ↑ The text is damaged here, and the correct reading is unclear. Besides sḏm jb, an interpretation as skm jb has also been suggested by Coulon, with the proposed meaning of ‘one with an accomplished or perfected mind’ (‘quelqu’un à l’esprit accompli’).
* ↑ The beginning of this passage, encompassing the glyphs , seems corrupt and has been emended in various ways. Gardiner takes it as an otherwise unattested word *ḫtr (“to be powerless”) and the entire passage as ḫtr.n ḥr r dfꜣ jb (“the face is powerless(?) over against one stolid(?)”). Allen restores it as ḫr twr, as given here, based on the determinatives (with the assumption that the scribe forgot a ). Lichtheim, following Feder, reads ḫrr (“gentle/meek”) and considers dfꜣ-jb to mean something like ‘timidity, slowness’, reading the whole as ‘He who is gentle, even timid…’.