# 皆大歡喜
## Chinese

| | | all; each and every; in all cases | big; great; hugebig; great; huge; large; major; wide; deep; oldest; eldest; doctor | joyful; happy; delighted |
| trad. (皆大歡喜) | trad. (皆大歡喜) | 皆 | 大 | 歡喜 |
| simp. (皆大欢喜) | simp. (皆大欢喜) | 皆 | 大 | 欢喜 |

### Etymology

Originally a cliché in the endings of many Buddhist sutras. First attested in Chinese in 402 CE, in 《金刚經》 (“Diamond Sutra”), translated by Kumarajiva.
    佛說是經已 […] 一切世間天、人、阿修羅，聞佛所說，皆大歡喜，信受奉行。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]佛说是经已 […] 一切世间天、人、阿修罗，闻佛所说，皆大欢喜，信受奉行。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Diamond Sutra, translated by Kumārajīva circa 5th century CEFó shuō shì jīng yǐ […] yīqiè shìjiān tiān, rén, āxiūluó, wén fó suǒ shuō, jiē dàhuānxǐ, xìnshòu fèngxíng. [Pinyin]When the Buddha had finished expounding this sutra [...] all the worlds of devas, men and asuras who had listened to His teaching, were filled with joy and believed, received and observed it.
Alternatively, from《妙法蓮華經》 (“Lotus Sutra”), Kumarajiva's translated version.
    佛說是經時，普賢等、諸菩薩，舍利弗等、諸聲聞，及諸天、龍、人、非人等，一切大會，皆大歡喜，受持佛語，作禮而去。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]佛说是经时，普贤等、诸菩萨，舍利弗等、诸声闻，及诸天、龙、人、非人等，一切大会，皆大欢喜，受持佛语，作礼而去。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Lotus Sūtra, translated by Kumārajīva circa 5th century CEFó shuō shì jīng shí, pǔxián děng, zhū púsà, shèlìfú děng, zhū shēngwén, jí zhūtiān, lóng, rén, fēirén děng, yīqiè dàhuì, jiē dàhuānxǐ, shòuchí fóyǔ, zuò lǐ ér qù. [Pinyin]When the Buddha preached this sutra, Universal Worthy and the other bodhisattvas, Shariputra and the other voice-hearers, and the heavenly beings and dragons, the human and nonhuman beings—the entire membership of the great assembly were all filled with great joy. Accepting and upholding the words of the Buddha, they bowed in obeisance and departed.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiēdàhuānxǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝ ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄢ ㄒㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai$^1$ daai$^6$ fun$^1$ hei$^2$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): gai$^1$ dai$^6$ huêng$^1$ hi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiēdàhuānxǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄢ ㄒㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiedàhuansǐ
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^1$-ta$^4$-huan$^1$-hsi$^3$
*** Yale: jyē-dà-hwān-syǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiedahhuanshii
*** Palladius: цзедахуаньси (czedaxuanʹsi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ xu̯än⁵⁵ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaai$^1$ daai$^6$ fun$^1$ hei$^2$
*** Yale: gāai daaih fūn héi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaai$^1$ daai$^6$ fun$^1$ hei$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gai$^1$ dai$^6$ fun$^1$ héi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːi̯⁵⁵ taːi̯²² fuːn⁵⁵ hei̯³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gai$^1$ dai$^6$ huêng$^1$ hi$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kai tăi hueng hí
*** Sinological IPA : /kai³³⁻²³ tai³⁵⁻¹¹ hueŋ³³⁻²³ hi⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: keaj daH xwan xiX
Rime :
| Character | 皆 | 大 | 歡 | 喜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 定 (7) | 曉 (32) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) | 歌 (94) | 桓 (62) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I | I | III |
| Fanqie | 古諧切 | 唐佐切 | 呼官切 | 虚里切 |
| Baxter | keaj | daH | xwan | xiX |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠɛi/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /huɑn/ | /hɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚæi/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /hʷɑn/ | /hɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɐi/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /xuɑn/ | /xie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəɨj/ | /da$^H$/ | /hwan/ | /hɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kɛi/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /xuɑn/ | /xiə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kɐi/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /xuɑn/ | /xĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kăi/ | /dʱɑ$^H$/ | /xuɑn/ | /xi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiē | duò | huān | xǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaai$^1$ | do$^6$ | fun$^1$ | hei$^2$ |

### Idiom

皆大歡喜
* to everyone's delight and satisfaction; everyone is happy
    From: 416, Faxian（法顯）, 《佛國記》, translation based on H. A. Giles's version
    Zhū guówáng, rénmín jiē dàbēinǎo, wèi zhāntán xiàng yǐ shāo. Què hòu sì wǔ rì, kāi dōng xiǎo jīngshè hù, hūjiàn běn xiàng, jiē dàhuānxǐ, gòng zhì jīngshè. [Pinyin]
    The kings and people were all very sad and distressed, supposing that the sandal-wood image had been burned; but lo! after four or five days, when the door of a small vihâra on the east was opened, there was immediately seen the original image. They were all greatly rejoiced, and co-operated in restoring the vihâra.