# b'
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bˠ/ (before (fh)a, (fh)á, (fh)o, (fh)ó, (fh)u, (fh)ú)
* IPA: /bʲ/ (before (fh)e, (fh)é, (fh)i, (fh)í)

### Particle

b’
* Apocopic form of ba
    B’fhearr liom cupán tae.I’d prefer a cup of tea.

#### Usage notes

* This form is used before words beginning with a vowel or fh followed by a vowel, except not before the pronouns é, ea, í, iad.

#### Derived terms

* b’fhéidir

#### Related terms

Present/future :
| | Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | Neg. inter. |
| Main clauses | is | ní | an | nach |
| Direct relative clauses | is | nach | | |
| Indirect relative clauses | ar, arb$^v$ | nach | | |
| Other subordinate clauses | gur, gurb$^v$ | nach | an | nach |
| Past/conditional |||||
| | Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | Neg. inter. |
| Main clauses | ba, b’$^v$ | níor, níorbh$^v$ | ar, arbh$^v$ | nár, nárbh$^v$ |
| Direct relative clauses | ba, ab$^v$ | nár, nárbh$^v$ | | |
| Indirect relative clauses | ar, arbh$^v$ | nár, nárbh$^v$ | | |
| Other subordinate clauses | gur, gurbh$^v$ | nár, nárbh$^v$ | ar, arbh$^v$ | nár, nárbh$^v$ |
| Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive | | |
| | Affirmative | Negative | | |
| | gura, gurab$^v$ | nára, nárab$^v$ | | |
| Base word | Present/future | Past/conditional |
| cá | cár, cárb$^v$ | cár, cárbh$^v$ |
| cé | cér, cérb$^v$ | cér, cérbh$^v$ |
| dá | | dá mba, dá mb’$^v$ |
| de/do | dar, darb$^v$ | dar, darbh$^v$ |
| faoi | faoinar, faoinarb$^v$ | faoinar, faoinarbh$^v$ |
| i | inar, inarb$^v$ | inar, inarbh$^v$ |
| le | lenar, lenarb$^v$ | lenar, lenarbh$^v$ |
| má | más | má ba, má b’$^v$ |
| mura | mura, murab$^v$ | murar, murarbh$^v$ |
| ó (prep.) | ónar, ónarb$^v$ | ónar, ónarbh$^v$ |
| ó (conj.) | ós | ó ba, ó b’$^v$ |
| trí | trínar, trínarb$^v$ | trínar, trínarbh$^v$ |
$^v$ Used before vowel sounds :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Maltese
### Alternative forms

* bi (before a consonant cluster)
* imb (in fixed expressions)

### Etymology

From Arabic بِ (bi).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /b/ (before a vowel, sonorant, or voiced obstruent)
* IPA: /p/ (before a voiceless obstruent)

### Preposition

b’
* with (chiefly an ingredient, means, concomitant, quality)
    Antonym: bla
* times, (multiplied) by
    erbgħa b’erbgħa jiġu sittax ― four times four equals sixteen
    għamel erbgħa b’erbgħa ― multiply four by four

#### Inflection

Inflected forms of b’ :
| Personal-pronoun- including forms | Personal-pronoun- including forms | singular | singular | plural | plural |
| Personal-pronoun- including forms | Personal-pronoun- including forms | m | f | plural | plural |
| 1st person | 1st person | bija | bija | bina | bina |
| 2nd person | 2nd person | bik | bik | bikom | bikom |
| 3rd person | 3rd person | bih | biha | bihom | bihom |
| Definite forms ||||||
| Xemxin | Xemxin | Xemxin | Xemxin | Qamrin | Qamrin |
| biċ- · bid- · bin- bir- · bis- · bit- · bix- · biz- · biż- | biċ- · bid- · bin- bir- · bis- · bit- · bix- · biz- · biż- | biċ- · bid- · bin- bir- · bis- · bit- · bix- · biz- · biż- | biċ- · bid- · bin- bir- · bis- · bit- · bix- · biz- · biż- | †bil- †form is bl- before a vowel, h, or għ | †bil- †form is bl- before a vowel, h, or għ | †bil- †form is bl- before a vowel, h, or għ | †bil- †form is bl- before a vowel, h, or għ |

### See also

* f’
* ma’

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /p-/
* Hyphenation: b'

### Verb

b'
* Form of bu used before vowels and fh-

### References

* Colin Mark (2003) “bu”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 96

## Yola
### Etymology

Influenced by Irish b'.

### Verb

b'
* Apocopic form of ba (“to be”)
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 86:Yith w'had any lhuck, oor naame wode b' zung,If we had any luck, our name would have been sung
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:Our eein wode b' mistern t' dearnt up ee skee.Our eyes would be dazzled to look up to the sky.

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 86