# escusar
## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese escusar, from Latin excūsāre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eskuˈsaɾ/

### Verb

escusar (first-person singular present escuso, first-person singular preterite escusei, past participle escusado)
* (transitive) to excuse
    Synonyms: desculpar, dispensar
* (transitive) to not need something, to avoid
    Quen ao sementar é mesquiño, pr'a seitura escusa fouciño (proverb)The one who is miserable sowing, won't need a sickle for the harvest.
    O que ben almorza escusa o xantar (proverb)The one who eats a good breakfast does not need dinner.
** 1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 633:o que á de seer nõ se pode escusar, quer uena a torto, quer a dereytoYou can't avoid the future, now if it comes crooked, now if it's right
** 1371, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Fueros municipales de Santiago y de su tierra, Madrid: Ediciones Castilla, page 434:Et demays foron buscar todos los outros coengos [...] et trouxeronnos por força et contra suas voontades et enssarraronnos con os outros enno dito thesouro [...] Et esteueron aly por espacio de noue dias [...] Et os uellos et fraquos que non podian sayr, ouueron de fazer dentro enno dito thesouro aquello que he nescessario et se non pode escussar.they went to fetch every other canon [...] and they brought them forcibly and against their wills and they locked them inside the treasury room [...] And they were there for nine days [...] And the elders and the weak ones, that couldn't get out, were forced to do inside the treasure that which is necessary and can't be avoided.
* (intransitive) to be unnecessary [with de ‘to do something’]
** 1813, anonymous author, Conversa no adro da igrexa:escusades de xurá-lo que volo creo mui benYou don't need to swear it, because I really believe you

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Related terms

* escusa

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “escusar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “escus”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “escusar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “escusar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “escusar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “escusar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “escusar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese escusar, from Latin excūsāre.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /is.kuˈza(ʁ)/ [is.kuˈza(h)], /es.kuˈza(ʁ)/ [es.kuˈza(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /is.kuˈza(ʁ)/ [is.kuˈza(h)], /es.kuˈza(ʁ)/ [es.kuˈza(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /is.kuˈza(ɾ)/, /es.kuˈza(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʃ.kuˈza(ʁ)/ [iʃ.kuˈza(χ)], /eʃ.kuˈza(ʁ)/ [eʃ.kuˈza(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /es.kuˈza(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.kuˈzaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.kuˈzaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.kuˈza.ɾi/

### Verb

escusar (first-person singular present escuso, first-person singular preterite escusei, past participle escusado)
* (transitive) to forgive; to pardon; to excuse
    Synonyms: desculpar, perdoar
* (pronominal) to apologize [with de or por ‘for something’]
    Synonyms: pedir desculpas (por), desculpar-se
* (transitive) to excuse (to allow to leave)
    Synonyms: dispensar, liberar
* (transitive) to excuse; to justify (to be an acceptable reason for)
    Synonyms: justificar, ser desculpa para

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish escusar, from Latin excūsāre. Cf. the modified form excusar. The meaning in this word was influenced by escuso (“hidden”), the old past participle of esconder (“to hide”), corresponding to Latin abscōnsus; cf. also escusa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eskuˈsaɾ/ [es.kuˈsaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: es‧cu‧sar

### Verb

escusar (first-person singular present escuso, first-person singular preterite escusé, past participle escusado)
* (obsolete) to hide

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “escusar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

### Further reading

* “escusar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10