# 疑

| 疑 | U+7591, &#30097; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7591 |
| ← 疐 [U+7590] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 疒 → [U+7592] |

## Translingual
### Han character

疑 (Kangxi radical 103, 疋+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心大弓戈人 (PKNIO), four-corner 2748$_1$, composition ⿰𠤕⿱龴疋)

#### Derived characters

* 儗 凝 㘈 㠜 懝 擬 𣝅 𤪦 𤾰 礙 譺 䰯 𢥷 𩼨 㽈 觺 寲 嶷 薿 癡 籎

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 768, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22007
* Dae Jaweon: page 1178, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2751, character 4
* Unihan data for U+7591

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 疑 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 礙 | *ŋɯːs |
| 儗 | *ŋɯːs, *hŋɯːs, *ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯs |
| 懝 | *ŋɯːs, *ŋɯɡ |
| 譺 | *ŋrɯːs, *ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯs |
| 癡 | *ŋ̊ʰl'ɯ |
| 疑 | *ŋɯ |
| 嶷 | *ŋɯ, *ŋɯɡ |
| 觺 | *ŋɯ |
| 擬 | *ŋɯʔ |
| 薿 | *ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯɡ |
| 凝 | *ŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋs |
Originally an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 大 or 文 (“standing human figure”) + 夂 (“tilted head with open mouth”) + 丨 (“cane”) – a man with a cane looking around with his mouth wide open, not know where to go – to be confused; to doubt. Compare: 欠 and 既, both showing the "open-mouth" component but on a seated figure. In the oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions, 彳 or 辵 = 彳 + 止 (“foot; toes”) was often added to indicate travelling or movement.
Various components were added later, e.g. 牛 in the bronze script of Western Zhou, 子 in the Qin-style scripts including the proto-clerical script, and 乙 in the early clerical script of Western Han. Meanwhile the main graphical element showing a standing figure eventually became 𠤕 or sometimes 矣 as in the Chu-style script (shown in the table). The Chu also added a 心 (“heart”) component indicating "the mind".
The Shuowen, in which headwords were written in the Qin-style seal script, interpreted the character as “a child standing on an obstructed road to compare the paths”: semantic 子 (“child”) + semantic 止 (“to be obstructed”) + semantic 匕 (“to compare”) + phonetic 矢 (OC *hliʔ). Duan Yucai's commentary on Shuowen offered an alternative interpretation, pointing out that 矢 was unlikely to have a the phonetic component: semantic 子 (“child”) + semantic 𠤕 (“uncertain”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). However, it is unlikely that any of the currently extant components had once indicated the pronunciation. Zhengzhang (2003) conjectured that the 子 was a corruption of 牛 (OC *ŋʷɯ) that had been the phonetic component.
The current form is derived from the Qin–Han clerical scripts, where on the right-hand side the elements 子 + 止 or 子 + 乙 have recombined into 龴 + 疋.

### Etymology

Perhaps related to 礙 (OC *ŋɯːs, “to obstruct”) (Schuessler, 2007); Cf. Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ʔ/N-g(r)ak (“to block; to obstruct”) (STEDT, provisional).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yí (yi$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyi$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ji$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngei$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): nyi$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngì
    (Hailu, HRS): ngi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngi$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): i$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ngǐ
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngì
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ghi$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gni
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yí
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yí
*** Wade–Giles: i$^2$
*** Yale: yí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yi
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nyi$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ni
*** Sinological IPA : /nʲi²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^4$
*** Yale: yìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡei²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: nyi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /n̠ʲi³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngì
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngi$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngi
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: i$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /i¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngǐ
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋi²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngì
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋi⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ki¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gî
*** Tâi-lô: gî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gii
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡi²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /ɡi²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ghi$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gî
*** Sinological IPA : /ɡi⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gni
*** MiniDict: nyi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: nyi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /n̠ʲi¹³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit疑 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /i³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /i²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /i⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /i⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /i⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /i⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ni²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ji²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /i⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /i⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /i⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ni²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ȵi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ni²¹/ 老 /i²¹/ 新 |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ni³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /i²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /zz̩⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /i¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ȵi¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /i³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵi²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ȵi¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ȵi²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ȵi³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ni⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ȵi⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ȵi¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ȵi¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵi⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋi¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ŋi¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ji²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ni²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /ji²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /gi³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋi⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋi²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /gi⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ŋi³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: ngi
Rime :
| Character | 疑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 語其切 |
| Baxter | ngi |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiə/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)ə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 疑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngi › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ](r)ə/ (< uvular) |
| English | doubt |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 疑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14894 |
| Phonetic component | 疑 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 疑 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋɯ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象人行道回顧遲疑狀， 金文或加牛聲後訛爲子， 非矢聲 |

### Definitions

疑
* to doubt; to question
    Antonym: 信
** doubtful
** question; query
* to suspect
** suspicious
* 62nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "doubt, unconfidence" (𝍃)
* as if
    From: Li Bai: The Waterfall on Mount Lu (望廬山瀑布), 701 A.D.–762 A.D.
    Fēiliú zhíxià sānqiānchǐ, yíshì yínhé luòjiǔtiān. [Pinyin]
    Its torrent dashes down three thousand feet from high / As if the Silver River fell from the blue sky.
* (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 疑 (MC ngi)

### Compounds

* 不容置疑 (bùróngzhìyí)
* 不疑
* 不疑誣金 / 不疑诬金
* 不疑貳 / 不疑贰
* 不避嫌疑
* 九疑山 (Jiǔyíshān)
* 作疑
* 傳疑 / 传疑 (chuányí)
* 兩無猜疑 / 两无猜疑
* 半信半疑 (bànxìn-bànyí)
* 可疑 (kěyí)
* 多疑 (duōyí)
* 多聞闕疑 / 多闻阙疑
* 嫌疑 (xiányí)
* 嫌疑分子
* 嫌疑犯 (xiányífàn)
* 存疑 (cúnyí)
* 將信將疑 / 将信将疑 (jiāngxìn-jiāngyí)
* 居之不疑
* 形跡可疑 / 形迹可疑
* 怪疑
* 恫疑虛喝 / 恫疑虚喝
* 恫疑虛猲 / 恫疑虚猲
* 憂疑 / 忧疑 (yōuyí)
* 懸疑 / 悬疑 (xuányí)
* 懷疑 / 怀疑 (huáiyí)
* 懷疑論 / 怀疑论 (huáiyílùn)
* 投杼之疑
* 持疑不決 / 持疑不决
* 析疑 (xīyí)
* 析疑匡謬 / 析疑匡谬
* 毋庸置疑 (wúyōngzhìyí)
* 毫不遲疑 / 毫不迟疑 (háobùchíyí)
* 毫無疑義 / 毫无疑义 (háowúyíyì)
* 決疑 / 决疑 (juéyí)
* 深信不疑 (shēnxìnbùyí)
* 滿布疑雲 / 满布疑云
* 滿腹狐疑 / 满腹狐疑 (mǎnfùhúyí)
* 無可置疑 / 无可置疑 (wúkězhìyí)
* 無庸置疑 / 无庸置疑 (wúyōngzhìyí)
* 然疑
* 無疑 / 无疑 (wúyí)
* 犯疑
* 狐疑 (húyí)
* 狐疑不決 / 狐疑不决
* 狐疑未決 / 狐疑未决
* 狼顧狐疑 / 狼顾狐疑
* 猜疑 (cāiyí)
* 猶疑 / 犹疑 (yóuyí)
* 猶豫多疑 / 犹豫多疑
* 獻疑 / 献疑
* 生疑 (shēngyí)
* 疑丞
* 疑人疑鬼
* 疑人竊鈇 / 疑人窃𫓧
* 疑似 (yísì)
* 疑信參半 / 疑信参半
* 疑兵 (yíbīng)
* 疑古 (yígǔ)
* 疑問 / 疑问 (yíwèn)
* 疑問代詞 / 疑问代词 (yíwèn dàicí)
* 疑問句 / 疑问句
* 疑問號 / 疑问号
* 疑團 / 疑团 (yítuán)
* 疑塚 / 疑冢
* 疑影
* 疑心 (yíxīn)
* 疑心疑鬼
* 疑心病 (yíxīnbìng)
* 疑忌 (yíjì)
* 疑怪
* 疑情
* 疑惑 (yíhuò)
* 疑慮 / 疑虑 (yílǜ)
* 疑懼 / 疑惧 (yíjù)
* 疑抱
* 疑案 (yí'àn)
* 疑滯 / 疑滞
* 疑犯 (yífàn)
* 疑猜
* 疑獄 / 疑狱 (yíyù)
* 疑神疑鬼 (yíshén-yíguǐ)
* 疑竇 / 疑窦 (yídòu)
* 疑義 / 疑义 (yíyì)
* 疑貳 / 疑贰
* 疑陣 / 疑阵
* 疑難 / 疑难 (yínán)
* 疑難雜症 / 疑难杂症 (yínán zázhèng)
* 疑雲 / 疑云 (yíyún)
* 疑鬼疑神
* 疑點 / 疑点 (yídiǎn)
* 睽疑
* 祛疑
* 稽疑 (jīyí)
* 經典稽疑 / 经典稽疑
* 置疑 (zhìyí)
* 考古質疑 / 考古质疑
* 致疑
* 蓄疑
* 見疑 / 见疑 (jiànyí)
* 解疑釋結 / 解疑释结
* 設疑 / 设疑
* 賞奇析疑 / 赏奇析疑
* 質疑 / 质疑 (zhìyí)
* 質疑問難 / 质疑问难
* 起疑 (qǐyí)
* 遲疑 / 迟疑 (chíyí)
* 遲疑不決 / 迟疑不决 (chíyíbùjué)
* 遲疑未決 / 迟疑未决 (chíyíwèijué)
* 釋疑 / 释疑 (shìyí)
* 錯疑 / 错疑
* 闕疑 / 阙疑 (quēyí)
* 驚疑 / 惊疑 (jīngyí)
* 驚疑不定 / 惊疑不定

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* doubt
* suspect

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎ (gi, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ぎ (gi, Jōyō)
* On: きょう (kyō)
* Kun: うたがう (utagau, 疑う, Jōyō)、うたがわしい (utagawashii, 疑わしい)

#### Compounds

* 疑(ぎ)心(しん) (gishin)
* 被(ひ)疑(ぎ)者(しゃ) (higisha)
* 懐(かい)疑(ぎ) (kaigi)
* 疑(ぎ)問(もん) (gimon)
* 疑(ぎ)問(もん)符(ふ) (gimonfu)
* 質(しつ)疑(ぎ) (shitsugi)
* 容(よう)疑(ぎ) (yōgi)
* 容(よう)疑(ぎ)者(しゃ) (yōgisha)
* 疑(ぎ)惧(く) (giku)
* 疑(ぎ)懼(く) (giku)
* 疑(ぎ)念(ねん) (ginen)

## Korean
### Hanja

疑 • (ui, eung) (hangeul 의, 응, revised ui, eung, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, ŭng, Yale uy, ung)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

疑: Hán Nôm readings: nghi
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.