# 直升機
## Chinese

| | | to go up in a straight line; to go up an academic grade | machine; opportunity; secret |
| trad. (直升機/直昇機) | trad. (直升機/直昇機) | 直升/直昇 | 機 |
| simp. (直升机) | simp. (直升机) | 直升 | 机 |
* 直升機 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 直升機 (Cantonese)

### Etymology
#### “below expectation”

    From 伏 (“below expectation; worse than anticipated; trappy”), when reduplicated becomes the onomatopoeic word 伏伏伏 (fuk$^6$ fuk$^6$ fuk$^6$, “helicopter”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhíshēngjī
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ ㄕㄥ ㄐㄧ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zik$^6$ sing$^1$ gei$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zet$^5$ sen$^1$ gi$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̍t-sṳ̂n-kî
    (Hailu, HRS): chid$^ˋ$ shin$^ˋ$ gi$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ced$^6$ sen$^1$ gi$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ti̍t-seng-ki
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zeq-sen-ci
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhíshēngjī
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄕㄥ ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhshengji
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^2$-shêng$^1$-chi$^1$
*** Yale: jŕ-shēng-jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyrshengji
*** Palladius: чжишэнцзи (čžišɛnczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zik$^6$ sing$^1$ gei$^1$
*** Yale: jihk sīng gēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzik$^9$ sing$^1$ gei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jig$^6$ xing$^1$ géi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪk̚² sɪŋ⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zet$^5$ sen$^1$ gi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡set̚³² sen³³ ki³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̍t-sṳ̂n-kî
*** Hakka Romanization System: ciid siin$^ˊ$ gi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cid$^6$ sin$^1$ gi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵ sɨn²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: chid$^ˋ$ shin$^ˋ$ gi$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰit² ʃin⁵³ ki⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ced$^6$ sen$^1$ gi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰət̚⁵ sən⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍t-seng-ki
*** Tâi-lô: ti̍t-sing-ki
*** Phofsit Daibuun: didsengky
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tit̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$zeq-sen-ci
*** MiniDict: zeh$^入$ sen ci
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$zeq-sen-ji
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹¹ sən²² t͡ɕi²³/

### Noun

直升機
* helicopter [from 1930s] (Classifier: 架 m c)
    軍用直升機／军用直升机 ― jūnyòng zhíshēngjī ― military helicopter
** 1936 March 1, L.T.U., “新式直昇飛機”, in 科學畫報 [Popular Science], volume 3, number 15, page 611:
       Yī ge xīnxíng de Fǎguó zhíshēngjī, yòng èr ge luóxuányè zhíshēng kōngzhōng, jìn zài Wéilākǎolái shìyàn chénggōng, shì zhíshēngjī de yī dà jìnbù. [Pinyin]
       A new helicopter model from France, which flies up into the air with two propelling blades. Recently, testing in Villacoublay has been successful, which is huge progress for helicopters.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 直升機 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 直升機 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 直升機 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 直升機, 伏伏伏 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 直升機, 直升飛機 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 直升機 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 直升機 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 直升機 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 直升機 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 直升機 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 直升機 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 直升機 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 直升機 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 直升機 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 直升機 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 直升機 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 直升機 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 直升飛機 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 直升飛機 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 直升機, 𧌄嬰仔機 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | phu-ló͘-phiat-lá |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 直升機 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 直升機 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 直升機 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | phi-ló͘-phiat-lá |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 直升機 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Yongjing) | 直升機 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 直升機 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) | 直升機, pu-ló͘-phiat-lá |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 直升機 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 直升飛機 |

#### Derived terms

* 直升機家長 / 直升机家长
* 直升機父母 (zhíshēngjī fùmǔ)

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 직승기(直昇機) (jikseunggi)

### Adjective

直升機
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) below expectation; worse than anticipated; trappy