# नदी
## Bhojpuri
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit नदी (nadī). Doublet of नद्दी (naddī).

### Noun

नदी (nadī) f (Kaithi 𑂢𑂠𑂲)
* river

## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नदी (nadī́).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /nə.d̪iː/, [nɐ.d̪iː]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

नदी • (nadī) f (Urdu spelling ندی)
* (geography) river
    Synonyms: सरिता (saritā), दरिया (dariyā), नदिया (nadiyā), सरि (sari)
    बहुत देर के बाद, नदी समुद्र में गिर जाती है।bahut der ke bād, nadī samudra mẽ gir jātī hai.After a long time, the river falls into the sea.

#### References

* Platts, John T. (1884) “नदी”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “नदी”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “नदी”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “नदी”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit नदी (nadī́). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘡𑘃 (naī, “river”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nə.d̪i/, [nə.d̪iː]

### Noun

नदी • (nadī) f
* river
    गंगा ही भारतातील सर्वात पवित्र नदी मानली जाते.gaṅgā hī bhārtātīl sarvāt pavitra nadī mānlī jāte.The Ganga is considered to be the holiest river in India.

#### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “नदी”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

## Nepali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नदी (nadī́).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nʌd̪i]
* Phonetic Devanagari: नदि

### Noun

नदी • (nadī)
* (geography) (large) river

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* nadī (Latin script)
* 𑀦𑀤𑀻 (Brahmi script)
* নদী (Bengali script)
* නදී (Sinhalese script)
* နဒီ or နဒဳ or ၼၻီ (Burmese script)
* นที or นะที (Thai script)
* ᨶᨴᩦ (Tai Tham script)
* ນທີ or ນະທີ (Lao script)
* នទី (Khmer script)
* 𑄚𑄘𑄩 (Chakma script)

### Noun

नदी f
* Devanagari script form of nadī “river”

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* নদী (Assamese script)
* ᬦᬤᬷ (Balinese script)
* নদী (Bengali script)
* 𑰡𑰟𑰱 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀦𑀤𑀻 (Brahmi script)
* နဒီ (Burmese script)
* નદી (Gujarati script)
* ਨਦੀ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌨𑌦𑍀 (Grantha script)
* ꦤꦢꦷ (Javanese script)
* 𑂢𑂠𑂲 (Kaithi script)
* ನದೀ (Kannada script)
* នទី (Khmer script)
* ນທີ (Lao script)
* നദീ (Malayalam script)
* ᠨᠠᡩᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
* 𑘡𑘟𑘲 (Modi script)
* ᠨᠠᢑᠢᠢ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧁𑦿𑧓 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐣𑐡𑐷 (Newa script)
* ନଦୀ (Odia script)
* ꢥꢣꢷ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆤𑆢𑆵 (Sharada script)
* 𑖡𑖟𑖱 (Siddham script)
* නදී (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩯𑩭𑩑𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚝𑚛𑚯 (Takri script)
* நதீ³ (Tamil script)
* నదీ (Telugu script)
* นที (Thai script)
* ན་དཱི (Tibetan script)
* 𑒢𑒠𑒲 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨝𑨛𑨁𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *nadíH (“river”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ned-ih₂, from *ned- (“thundering, roaring, rushing”) +‎ *-íh₂. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬍𐬨 (ana$^i$δīm, “across a river”). Possibly related to Ancient Greek Νέδα (Néda, name of a river), Middle Low German Nette (name of a river).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /nɐ.díː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈn̪ɐ.d̪iː/

### Noun

नदी • (nadī́) stem, f
* flowing water, river
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.55.7:न पर्व॑ता॒ न न॒द्यो॑ वरन्त वो॒ यत्राचि॑ध्वं मरुतो॒ गच्छ॒थेदु॒ तत्। उ॒त द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी या॑थना॒ परि॒ शुभं॑ या॒तामनु॒ रथा॑ अवृत्सत॥ná párvatā ná nadyò varanta vo yátrā́cidhvaṃ maruto gácchathédu tát. utá dyā́vāpṛthivī́ yāthanā pári śúbhaṃ yātā́mánu ráthā avṛtsata.Let not the mountains, let not the rivers, arrest you; whither you purpose, Maruts, thither repair, and compass heaven and earth; may the cars of the quick-moving Maruts arrive for our good.
* (poetry) name of 2 kinds of metre
* (linguistics) name of particular feminine stems ending in -ī or -ū (as in नदी (nadī) itself)

#### Declension

Original Rigvedic declension:
Later declension:

#### Derived terms

* नादेय (nādeyá)
* नादेयी (nādeyī)

#### Descendants

* Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀡𑀈 (ṇaī)
** Kamarupi Prakrit: 𑖜𑖂 (ṇaï)
*** Assamese: নৈ (noi)
** Odia: ନଈ (nai)
* Maharastri Prakrit:
** Old Marathi: 𑘡𑘃 (naī)
* → Old Javanese: nadī
** Javanese: ꦤꦢꦶ (nadi)
* Pali: nadī
* Romani: len
* → Bengali: নদী (nodi) (learned)
* → Gujarati: નદી (nadī) (learned)
* → Hindustani: (learned)
    Hindi: नदी (nadī)
    Urdu: نَدِی (nadī)
* → Kannada: ನದಿ (nadi) (learned)
* → Kashmiri: नदी (nadī) (learned)
* → Malayalam: നദി (nadi) (learned)
* → Marathi: नदी (nadī) (learned)
* → Marwari: नंदी (nandī) (learned)
* → Nepali: नदी (nadī) (learned)
* → Odia: ନଦୀ (nadi) (learned)
* → Punjabi: ਨਦੀ (nadī) (learned)
* → Sindhi: ندي (learned)
* → Tamil: நதி (nati) (learned)
* → Telugu: నది (nadi) (learned)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “नदी”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 526/1.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 9
* Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 324