# ahkera
## Finnish
### Etymology

Uncertain. Traditionally connected with dialectal ahku (“eagerness, zeal”), but this word is likewise of unknown origin. According to Häkkinen (2004), which follows Nikkilä (1998), perhaps a borrowing from dialectal Swedish ager (“hard-working”), but this sense for the word, supposedly found only in dialects within Finland, does not seem to have a particularly wide distribution nor even be the primary meaning in the regions where it is found.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑhkerɑ/, [ˈɑ̝xk̟e̞rɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑhkerɑ
* Hyphenation: ah‧ke‧ra

### Adjective

ahkera (comparative ahkerampi, superlative ahkerin)
* industrious, hardworking [with illative of third infinitive (with verbs)]
    Synonyms: työteliäs, uuras, uuttera

#### Declension

Possessive forms of ahkera (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ahkerani
ahkerani
accusative
nom.
ahkerani
ahkerani
gen.
ahkerani
genitive
ahkerani
ahkerieni ahkeraini $^{rare}$
partitive
ahkeraani
ahkeriani
inessive
ahkerassani
ahkerissani
elative
ahkerastani
ahkeristani
illative
ahkeraani
ahkeriini
adessive
ahkerallani
ahkerillani
ablative
ahkeraltani
ahkeriltani
allative
ahkeralleni
ahkerilleni
essive
ahkeranani
ahkerinani
translative
ahkerakseni
ahkerikseni
abessive
ahkerattani
ahkerittani
instructive
comitative
—ahkerineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ahkerasi
ahkerasi
accusative
nom.
ahkerasi
ahkerasi
gen.
ahkerasi
genitive
ahkerasi
ahkeriesi ahkeraisi $^{rare}$
partitive
ahkeraasi
ahkeriasi
inessive
ahkerassasi
ahkerissasi
elative
ahkerastasi
ahkeristasi
illative
ahkeraasi
ahkeriisi
adessive
ahkerallasi
ahkerillasi
ablative
ahkeraltasi
ahkeriltasi
allative
ahkerallesi
ahkerillesi
essive
ahkeranasi
ahkerinasi
translative
ahkeraksesi
ahkeriksesi
abessive
ahkerattasi
ahkerittasi
instructive
comitative
—ahkerinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ahkeramme
ahkeramme
accusative
nom.
ahkeramme
ahkeramme
gen.
ahkeramme
genitive
ahkeramme
ahkeriemme ahkeraimme $^{rare}$
partitive
ahkeraamme
ahkeriamme
inessive
ahkerassamme
ahkerissamme
elative
ahkerastamme
ahkeristamme
illative
ahkeraamme
ahkeriimme
adessive
ahkerallamme
ahkerillamme
ablative
ahkeraltamme
ahkeriltamme
allative
ahkerallemme
ahkerillemme
essive
ahkeranamme
ahkerinamme
translative
ahkeraksemme
ahkeriksemme
abessive
ahkerattamme
ahkerittamme
instructive
comitative
—ahkerinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ahkeranne
ahkeranne
accusative
nom.
ahkeranne
ahkeranne
gen.
ahkeranne
genitive
ahkeranne
ahkerienne ahkerainne $^{rare}$
partitive
ahkeraanne
ahkerianne
inessive
ahkerassanne
ahkerissanne
elative
ahkerastanne
ahkeristanne
illative
ahkeraanne
ahkeriinne
adessive
ahkerallanne
ahkerillanne
ablative
ahkeraltanne
ahkeriltanne
allative
ahkerallenne
ahkerillenne
essive
ahkerananne
ahkerinanne
translative
ahkeraksenne
ahkeriksenne
abessive
ahkerattanne
ahkerittanne
instructive
comitative
—ahkerinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ahkeransa
ahkeransa
accusative
nom.
ahkeransa
ahkeransa
gen.
ahkeransa
genitive
ahkeransa
ahkeriensa ahkerainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
ahkeraansa
ahkeriaan ahkeriansa
inessive
ahkerassaan ahkerassansa
ahkerissaan ahkerissansa
elative
ahkerastaan ahkerastansa
ahkeristaan ahkeristansa
illative
ahkeraansa
ahkeriinsa
adessive
ahkerallaan ahkerallansa
ahkerillaan ahkerillansa
ablative
ahkeraltaan ahkeraltansa
ahkeriltaan ahkeriltansa
allative
ahkeralleen ahkerallensa
ahkerilleen ahkerillensa
essive
ahkeranaan ahkeranansa
ahkerinaan ahkerinansa
translative
ahkerakseen ahkeraksensa
ahkerikseen ahkeriksensa
abessive
ahkerattaan ahkerattansa
ahkerittaan ahkerittansa
instructive
comitative
—ahkerineen ahkerinensa :

#### Derived terms

* ahertaa
* ahkeraan
* ahkerasti
* ahkeroida
* ahkeruus
* ahkeraliisa

#### Related terms

* ahertaa

### References

* ↑ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
* ↑ Osmo Nikkilä (1998) “Suomen hk germaanista g:tä vastaamassa”, in Johanna Laakso, Riho Grünthal, editor, Oekeeta asijoo. Commentationes Fenno-Ugricae in honorem Seppo Suhonen sexagenarii 16. V. 1998 (Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia; 228), Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, pages 350–359
* ↑ Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN

### Further reading

* “ahkera”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* karhea, rahake

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic [Term?]. Cognates include Finnish ahkera.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈɑhkerɑ/, [ˈɑxke̞r]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈɑhkerɑ/, [ˈɑxke̞rɑ]
* (Hevaha) IPA: /ˈɑhkerɑ/, [ˈɑxke̞rɑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑhker, -ɑhkerɑ
* Hyphenation: ah‧ke‧ra

### Adjective

ahkera (comparative ahkeramp)
* hardworking

#### Synonyms

* ahnas

#### Derived terms

* ahkerast

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 3
* Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 16
* Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎, →ISBN, page 70

## Karelian

Regional variants of ahkera :
| North Karelian (Viena) | ahkera |
| South Karelian (Tver) | ahkera |

### Etymology

Cognates include Finnish ahkera and Ingrian ahkera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑhkerɑ/
* Hyphenation: ah‧ke‧ra

### Adjective

ahkera (genitive ahkeran, partitive ahkerua, comparative ahkerampi / ahkerambi, superlative ahkerin)
* industrious, hardworking

#### Declension
### References

* P. Zaykov, L. Rugoyeva (1999) “ahkera”, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN
* Pertti Virtaranta, Raija Koponen (2009) “ahkera”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja‎, Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN