# 娘老子
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): niánglǎozi
       (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄤˊ ㄌㄠˇ ˙ㄗ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyiang$^2$ nao$^3$ zi$^3$
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): liánlǎozi
* Wu (Hangzhou, Wugniu): $^2$gnian-lau$_3$-tsy$_3$
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyian$^2$ lau$^3$ zr
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): niong$^2$ leu$^{3*}$ zr
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niánglǎozi
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄤˊ ㄌㄠˇ ˙ㄗ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: niánglǎozi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: niang$^2$-lao$^3$-tzŭ$^5$
*** Yale: nyáng-lǎu-dz
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nianglao.tzy
*** Palladius: нянлаоцзы (njanlaoczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nyiang$^2$ nao$^3$ zi$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nianglaoz
*** Sinological IPA : /nʲiaŋ²¹ nau⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: liánlǎozi
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): lian$^2$ lao$^3$ zi$^0$
*** Sinological IPA : /liã²⁴ lɔ¹¹ t͡si/
* Wu
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$gnian-lau$_3$-tsy$_3$
*** MiniDict: nyan$^平$ 'lau$^上$ tsy$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /n̠ʲiæ̃²² lɔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: nyian$^2$ lau$^3$ zr
*** Sinological IPA : /n̠ʲi̯æn¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/
** (Loudi)
*** Wiktionary: niong$^2$ leu$^{3*}$ zr
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯ɔŋ¹³ lɤ⁴²⁻¹ t͡sz̩³/

### Noun

娘老子
* (Jianghuai, Lanyin and Southwestern Mandarin, Huizhou, dialectal Jin, dialectal Wu) mother and father; parents
* (dialectal Gan, Xiang) mother

#### Usage notes

* (Changsha Xiang) Usually used in non-face-to-face contexts, but in recent years, it has also been used in face-to-face contexts.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 父母, 爺娘, 怙恃, 雙親 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 父母, 雙親, 父母親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 爹媽, 老家兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 爸媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 爸媽, 家長 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 老的兒, 爹媽 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 老兒的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 媽爸 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 娘老子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 娘老子, 老漢們 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 娘老子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 娘老子, 媽老漢兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 媽老漢兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 娘老子, 兩老 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 娘老子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 娘老子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 娘老子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 爺娘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 老豆老母 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 老豆老母, 爹哋媽咪, 阿爸阿媽 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 老子阿奶 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 爺娘 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 娘爺 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 爺哀 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 爺哀 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 阿爸阿姆 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 阿姆阿爸 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 爺哀 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 阿爸阿姆 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 爺哀 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 爺哀 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 爺哀 |
| Hakka | Changting | 爹哀, 爺哀 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 爺哀 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 爺哀 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 爺哀 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 爹母 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 爹姐 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 哀爹, 爺娘, 爺哀 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 爹哀 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 爺姐 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 娘爺 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 爺姐 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 爺佬姐佬 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 爺哀, 爺娘, 兩老 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 爺哀, 爺娘, 兩老 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 爺哀, 爺娘, 兩老 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 爺哀, 爺娘, 兩老 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 爺哀, 爺娘, 兩老 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 爺哀, 爺母, 兩老 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 阿爸阿姆 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 老子阿奶 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 父母 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 爺哀 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 爺哀 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 爸媽 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 父母親 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 爺哀 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 爺哀, 爸哀 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 爸哀 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 爸媽 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 娘老子, 老子娘, 老子爺娘 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 爹娘 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 老子娘 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 爹奶 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 爸奶 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 爸奶 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 爸母, 老爸母 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 爸母, 老爸母 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 爸母 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 爸母, 老爸母 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 爸母 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 爸母 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 爸母 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 爸母 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 爸母 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 爸母 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 爸母 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 爸母 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 爸母 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 爸母 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 爸母 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 爸母 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 爸母 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 爸母 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 父嬡, 爸母 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 父嬡 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 爸母 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 爺娘 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 爺娘 |
| Wu | Danyang | 娘啊老子, 爺娘 rare |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 娘老子 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 爹娘 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 奶阿伯, 阿伯奶 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 爺娘 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 爺娘 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 母, 娘 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 母親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 媽媽, 媽, 娘, 母親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 媽媽, 媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 媽媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 媽, 媽媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 媽媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 媽, 媽媽, 母親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 母親, 媽媽, 娘 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 媽媽, 媽, 娘 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 媽媽, 媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 媽媽, 母親, 額娘 dated, Manchus |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 母親, 媽媽, 媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 媽媽, 媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 媽媽, 媽, 老媽 <> |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 媽媽, 娘 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 母親, 媽媽, 娘, 𫰎 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 母親, 媽媽, 媽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 母親, 媽媽, 娘 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 媽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 媽, 媽媽, 娘 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 媽媽 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 媽 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 媽 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 媽, 娘 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 媽媽, 媽, 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 媽, 媽兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 媽, 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 媽媽, 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 嬤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong (Ronghe) | 媽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 媽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 母親, 媽媽, 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 母親, 媽媽, 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 媽, 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 媽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 母親, 媽, 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 阿媽, 媽媽, 姆媽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 媽媽, 娘, 大兒, 母親 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 母親, 媽媽, 媽, 娘 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 媽, 母親, 媽媽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 媽, 媽媽, 老媽 <>, 母親 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 媽媽, 媽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 媽媽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 媽媽, 媽, 老娘 <>, 阿娘 Hui, 阿娘子 used with minorities, 母親 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 媽媽, 媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 母親, 媽媽, 娘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 媽媽, 媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 姆媽, 媽媽, 老娘 <>, 黎山老 slang, 孟子見 dated slang, 娘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 母親, 媽媽, 媽, 娘, 大老 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 母親, 媽媽, 娘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 母親, 媽媽, 娘, 姆媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 媽, 老媽 <>, humorous |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 母兒, 媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 媽媽, 嬸嬸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 阿媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 媽, 媽媽, 母親 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 媽媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 媽媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 阿媽, 媽, 娘老 <>, 老媽子 <>, 娘, 母親 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 母親, 媽媽, 媽, 娘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 姆媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 母親, 媽媽, 媽, 娘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 阿媽, 媽媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 媽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 媽, 姆媽, 娘 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 媽媽, 姆媽, 老娘 <>, 母親 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 母親, 媽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 姆媽, 娘嬭 dated, 母親 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 媽媽, 姆媽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 媽, 媽爺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 母親, 媽媽, 媽, 大, 娘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 阿媽, 媽媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 媽咪, 阿媽, 媽媽, 媽打, 老母 <>, 老媽子 <> |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 阿媽, 阿奶, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 媽, 阿媽 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 阿奶, 阿仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 阿奶 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 阿媽, 媽咪, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Xinjiao, Haizhu) | 媽媽, 阿媽 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Longxi, Liwan) | 阿媽, 阿嫂 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huangpu) | 阿媽, 阿娘, 阿大, 阿嬸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Xinshi, Baiyun) | 阿媽, 阿嫂 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Shijing, Baiyun) | 阿媽, 阿嬸, 阿嫂 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Jiangcun, Baiyun) | 阿大 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Longgui, Baiyun) | 阿大 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Renhe, Baiyun) | 阿大 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zhuliao, Baiyun) | 阿大 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zhongluotan, Baiyun) | 阿大 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Jiufo, Huangpu) | 阿大 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 阿媽, 媽媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 媽媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 阿奶, 阿嬸, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 阿奶, 阿嫂, 阿嬸, 媽媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 阿嬸, 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 阿娘, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 阿媽, 阿家, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 阿媽, 老母 <>, 母親 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 阿媽, 媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 阿媽, 阿奶, 阿姐, 媽媽 childish, 媽咪 childish, 老母 <>, 老乸 <>, Changping |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 阿大, 阿媽, 媽媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 阿媽, 老母 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 老母, 阿媽 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 阿媽, 阿娘, 阿奶 <> |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 阿媽, 老母, 媽媽 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang (Cheban) | 阿奶 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 阿媽, 阿奶 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Meilu) | 老母 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 媽媽, 阿媽, 媽, 老乸 <>, 老娘 <>, 老媽子 <> |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 媽媽, 阿奶, 阿嬸, 俺乸 <> |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 媽媽 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 媽媽, 老奶 <> |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 阿媽, 阿奶, 阿娘 <> |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 媽媽, 阿媽, 阿嬸, 老媽 <> |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 母 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 阿媽, 媽咪, 老媽子 <> |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 阿媽, 媽媽, 老母 <> |
| Gan | Nanchang | 姆媽, 娘 <> |
| Gan | Lichuan | 姆媽, 娘 <> |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 姆媽, 娘老子 <> |
| Hakka | Meixian | 阿姆, 阿嫲, 哀仔 <> |
| Hakka | Xingning | 阿媽, 哀哩 <> |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 阿媽, 阿奶 <> |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 阿姆, 媽 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 阿媽, 阿姆 <> |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 阿媽, 阿姆 <> |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 阿媽, 阿姆 <> |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 阿嫲, 阿娘, 阿姆 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 阿嫲, 阿娘, 阿姆, 哀哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 阿媽, 阿姆 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 阿娘 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 嫲, 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 哀子, 阿姆 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 阿姆, 哀子 <> |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 阿姆, 阿嬸 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 姆, 媽 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 阿姆 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 阿姆 |
| Hakka | Raoping (Xinfeng) | 阿姨, 阿禾 <> |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 阿奶 |
| Hakka | Changting | 姆媽, 姆娓, 哀哩 <> |
| Hakka | Wuping | 姆姆, 依呀, 哀哩 <> |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 哀哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 姆, 哀子 <> |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 姆, 哀 <> |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 姆媽, 母 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 姆, 媽媽, 媽 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 姐 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 姆媽, 哀 <>, 乳子 <> |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 姆媽, 哀 <> |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 嫫, 姐佬 <> |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 姆㜷 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 嬤 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 姐佬, 姆姆 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 阿姆, 哀仔 <> |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 阿姆, 唔媽, 哀仔 <> |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 阿姆, 哀仔 <> |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 阿姆, 哀 <> |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 阿姆, 哀仔 <> |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 阿依, 哀仔 <> |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 阿媽, 阿姆 <> |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 奶 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 老母, 老哀, 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 阿媽, 哀子 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 阿嬸, 阿奶, 阿嫂, 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 哀子 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 阿媽, 哀子, 阿奶 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 阿媽, 哀 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 娘, 嫂 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 阿姆 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 阿姆 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 阿姆 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 姆, 娘 <> |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 姆媽, 媽媽, 阿姨 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 媽, 媽媽 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 母親, 媽媽, 媽, 娘 |
| Jin | Datong | 母親, 媽 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 波哇, 波波呀, 呀波呀, 波, 波波 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 母親, 媽 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 娘, 媽 |
| Jin | Linhe | 母親, 媽媽, 媽 |
| Jin | Jining | 媽媽 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 母親, 娘 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 母親, 媽媽, 媽, 娘 |
| Jin | Handan | 母親, 娘 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 娘 |
| Jin | Suide | 媽 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 依呀, 媽媽, 奶 <> |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 依媽, 依奶, 娘嬭 <> |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 奶, 依奶, 媽媽, 依娜, 娘嬭 <> |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 依奶, 娘嬭 <> |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 媽媽 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 阿母, 阿母仔, 母仔, 阿媽, 阿娘, 老母 <>, 娘嬭 <> |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 老母 <>, 俺母仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 阿母, 母仔, 阿娘, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 阿娘 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 阿母, 母仔, 咉奶, 嘔傴 euphemistic, 老母 <>, 娘嬭 <>, 豬母 <>, humorous |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 阿母, 阿娘, 媽媽, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 阿母, 阿娘, 姨仔, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 卡桑, 阿母仔, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 阿母, 阿娘, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 阿母, 阿娘, 姨仔, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 媽媽, 阿母, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 歐卡桑, 阿母, 俺娘仔, 娘嬭, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 媽媽, 阿娘, 阿母, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 俺娘仔, 老母 <>, 俺母 <> |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 阿母, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 阿母, 阿媽, 媽媽, 媽, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 阿母, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 媽媽, 媽, 阿母, 母仔, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 阿媽, 阿娘, 阿姈, 阿嬡 <> |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 阿媽, 阿嬡, 阿姈, 阿母, 嬡 <>, 母 <> |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 阿媽, 嬡 <>, 母 <> |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 阿媽, 阿嬡, 阿娘, 阿姈 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 媽, 媽媽, 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 阿媽, 媽媽, 媽 <> |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 阿媽, 阿嬡, 母 <>, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 嬭, 嫂 dated, 姨 dated, 母 <>, 尼母 <>, 尼姨 <>, dated, 尼嫂 <>, dated |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 阿媽, 阿姐, 阿娘 dated, 阿嫂 dated, 母 <> |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 媽媽, 媽, 老母 <>, 媽咪 <> |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 媽, 阿嫂, 阿嬸, 阿媼 dated, 老娘 <> |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 母親, 嬸 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 媽媽, 姆媽, 娘 <> |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 姆媽, 娘 <> |
| Wu | Suzhou | 姆媽, 娘 <> |
| Wu | Danyang | 媽, 娘 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 姆媽, 媽媽, 娘 <> |
| Wu | Ningbo | 阿姆, 姆媽, 阿娘 <>, 老娘 <> |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 阿媽, 阿奶, 奶 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 姆媽, 娘 <> |
| Xiang | Changsha | 媽媽, 姆媽, 娘老子, 娘 <> |
| Xiang | Loudi | 依爺, 姆媽, 娘老子, 娘 <> |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 姆媽, 娘 <> |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 姆媽 new-style, 娭毑 old-style, 娘 <>, 娘老倌 <>, 娘老倌子 <> |
| Note | <> - non-face-to-face | <> - non-face-to-face |

### References

* 李榮 et al., editors (1998), 長沙方言詞典 (現代漢語方言大詞典), Nanjing: 江蘇教育出版社.