# 舟

| 舟 | U+821F, &#33311; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-821F |
| ← 舞 [U+821E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 舠 → [U+8220] |
| ⾈ | U+2F88, &#12168; KANGXI RADICAL BOAT |
| ← ⾇ [U+2F87] | Kangxi Radicals | ⾉ → [U+2F89] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* In Chinese, the stroke at the bottom is written as a dot, ㇔.
* In Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese, the stroke at the bottom is written as a line, ㇑, as found in the Kangxi dictionary.

### Han character

舟 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹月卜戈 (HBYI), four-corner 2744$_0$, composition ⿻𠔾⺀ or ⿻𠔾⿱丶丨)
* Kangxi radical #137, ⾈.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/舟
* 侜, 𪠾, 洀, 𣆔, 𣑮, 烐, 珘, 矪, 𥑸, 𥿦, 𦐩, 𧊓, 𡖫, 𧧔, 貈, 𧻖, 輈(辀), 𨱪, 𩗋, 𩢸(𩧳), 𩳉, 𠘒, 𩶣
* 𡬫, 郍, 𬅣, 𤭂, 𥎻, 䎇, 䚀(舰), 𠢧, 𣽨, 𣚗, 鵃(鸼), 𤳔, 𧑥, 𤃯, 䲍, 𪅻, 㭧, 盘, 𠄭, 𦭸, 歬, 𥥳, 𩂤, 𠣘

#### See also

* 母

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1008, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30350
* Dae Jaweon: page 1466, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3055, character 1
* Unihan data for U+821F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 舟 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 鵃 | *rtɯːw, *rtɯːw, *tjiw |
| 輈 | *tɯw |
| 侜 | *tɯw |
| 矪 | *tɯw |
| 舟 | *tjɯw |
Pictogram (象形) – a boat. It appears in the shape of 月 in 前.

### Etymology

According to Schuessler (2007), a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɗuuk ~ *ɗuk (“boat, canoe”), whence Khmer ទូក (tuuk) and Vietnamese nốc (< Proto-Vietic *ɗoːk (“boat”)). Foreign closed syllables having a long main vowel often correspond to open syllables in Old Chinese.
Possibly cognate of 輈 (OC *tɯw, “trunk, pole”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Yang Xiong's Fangyan says that Old Chinese 舟 (OC *tjɯw) is common in central and eastern China, while its synonym 船 (OC *ɦljon) is used in western China.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhōu (zhou$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zau$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chû
* Northern Min (KCR): ciú
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciŭ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ziu$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziu$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tseu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhou
*** Wade–Giles: chou$^1$
*** Yale: jōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jou
*** Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zau$^1$
*** Yale: jāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zeo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû
*** Hakka Romanization System: zu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciú
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siu⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ciŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sieu⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ziu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siu⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiu
*** Tâi-lô: tsiu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siu³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siu³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tseu
*** MiniDict: tseu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tseu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɤ⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyuw
Rime :
| Character | 舟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 職流切 |
| Baxter | tsyuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cuw/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhōu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tu/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjɯw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 舟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhōu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*tu/ |
| English | boat |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 舟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17504 |
| Phonetic component | 舟 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 周 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjɯw/ |

### Definitions

舟
* (literary) boat (Classifier: 葉／叶; 艘; 條／条; 隻／只)
    同舟共濟／同舟共济 ― tóngzhōugòngjì ― to pull together in times of trouble (literally, “to cross a river in the same boat”)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Èr zǐ chéng zhōu, fàn fàn qí yǐng. [Pinyin]
    The two youths got into their boats, Whose shadows floated about [on the water].
* (obsolete) to ride in a boat; to sail a boat
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (boat):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 舟, 船 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 船, 船隻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 船 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 船 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 船 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 船 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 船 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 船 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 船 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 船 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 船 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 船 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 船 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 船 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 船 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 船 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 船 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 船 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 船 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 船 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 船 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 船 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 船 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 船 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 船 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 船 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 船 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 船 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 船 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 船 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 船 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 船 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 船 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 船 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 船 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 船 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 船 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 船 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 船 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 船 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 船 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 船 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 船 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 船 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 船 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 船 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 船 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 船 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 船 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 船 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 船 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 船 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 船 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 船 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 船 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 船 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 船 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 船 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 船 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 船 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 船 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 船 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) | 船 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 船 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 船 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 船, 船仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 船仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 船仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 船仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 船 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 船 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 船 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 船 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 船 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 船 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 船 |
| Jin | Datong | 船 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 船 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 船 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 船 |
| Jin | Linhe | 船 |
| Jin | Jining | 船 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 船 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 船 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 船 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 船 |
| Jin | Handan | 船 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 船 |
| Jin | Suide | 船 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 船 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 船 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 船 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 船 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 船 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 船 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 船 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 船 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 船 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 船 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 船 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 船 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 船 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 船 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 船 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 船 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 船 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 船仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 船 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 船 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 船 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 船 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 船 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 船 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 船 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 船 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 船 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 船 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 船 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 船 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 船 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 船 |

### Compounds

* 不繫舟 / 不系舟
* 借水行舟 (jièshuǐxíngzhōu)
* 划龍舟
* 刻舟求劍 / 刻舟求剑 (kèzhōuqiújiàn)
* 同舟之誼 / 同舟之谊
* 同舟共濟 / 同舟共济 (tóngzhōugòngjì)
* 同舟而濟 / 同舟而济
* 吞舟
* 吞舟之魚 / 吞舟之鱼
* 吳越同舟 / 吴越同舟
* 天舟座
* 孤舟
* 寶舟 / 宝舟
* 小隙沉舟
* 扁底舟
* 扁舟 (piānzhōu)
* 推舟於陸 / 推舟于陆
* 操舟
* 方舟 (fāngzhōu)
* 木已成舟 (mùyǐchéngzhōu)
* 木蘭舟 / 木兰舟
* 李郭同舟
* 柏舟
* 柏舟之痛
* 柏舟之節 / 柏舟之节
* 柏舟之誓
* 柏舟操
* 桂舟
* 毀舟為杕 / 毁舟为杕
* 求劍刻舟 / 求剑刻舟
* 汎舟 / 泛舟
* 沙漠之舟 (shāmò zhī zhōu)
* 沉舟破釜
* 泛舟 (fànzhōu)
* 法舟
* 泊舟
* 淪波舟 / 沦波舟
* 漾舟
* 漁舟 / 渔舟 (yúzhōu)
* 濟河焚舟 / 济河焚舟
* 焚舟
* 焚舟破釜
* 獨木舟 / 独木舟 (dúmùzhōu)
* 登舟
* 白魚入舟 / 白鱼入舟
* 盪舟 / 荡舟
* 破釜沉舟 (pòfǔchénzhōu)
* 積羽沉舟 / 积羽沉舟
* 篷舟
* 絕渡逢舟 / 绝渡逢舟
* 網漏吞舟 / 网漏吞舟
* 腰舟
* 舟中敵國 / 舟中敌国
* 舟人
* 舟子 (zhōuzǐ)
* 舟山 (Zhōushān)
* 舟山群島 / 舟山群岛 (Zhōushān Qúndǎo)
* 舟師 / 舟师
* 舟楫 (zhōují)
* 舟次
* 舟水之喻
* 舟車 / 舟车 (zhōuchē)
* 舟車勞頓 / 舟车劳顿 (zhōuchēláodùn)
* 般舟三昧 (bōzhōu sānmèi)
* 艤舟 / 舣舟
* 蓬舟
* 蕩舟 / 荡舟
* 藏舟難固 / 藏舟难固
* 蘭舟 / 兰舟 (lánzhōu)
* 虛舟 / 虚舟
* 虛舟飄瓦 / 虚舟飘瓦
* 行舟
* 覆舟載舟 / 覆舟载舟
* 買舟 / 买舟
* 載舟覆舟 / 载舟覆舟
* 輕舟 / 轻舟 (qīngzhōu)
* 逆水行舟 (nìshuǐxíngzhōu)
* 順水推舟 / 顺水推舟 (shùnshuǐtuīzhōu)
* 順水行舟 / 顺水行舟
* 風雨同舟 / 风雨同舟 (fēngyǔtóngzhōu)
* 飛舟 / 飞舟
* 高原之舟
* 麥舟 / 麦舟
* 龍舟 / 龙舟 (lóngzhōu)
* 龍舟坪 / 龙舟坪 (Lóngzhōupíng)
* 龍舟歌 / 龙舟歌
* 龍舟比賽 / 龙舟比赛
* 龍舟賽 / 龙舟赛

### References

* “舟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03410

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* boat, ship, small ship

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅ (shu)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)
* Kun: ふね (fune, 舟, Jōyō)、ふな (funa, 舟, Jōyō $^†$)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 舟
* ふね Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 舟 – see the following entry. :
| 【ふね】 | [noun] 船, 舟: [from 712] a boat: [noun] 舟: [from 712] a boat, ship, small ship [noun] 船, 舟, 槽: [from 712] a box for storing: [noun] 船, 舟: [from 712] a container used for storing liquids such as water and sake [noun] 船, 舟: [unknown] a box used for pressing sake and soy sauce [noun] 船, 舟, 槽: [from c. 934] a horse trough [noun] 船, 舟: [from c. 1797] a coffin [noun] This term needs a translation to English. [noun] 船, 舟: [from 1841] a box used to store candy [noun] 船, 舟: [from mid. Edo period] an 桶 (oke) used to store rice and grains [noun] 船, 舟: [from 1463] a container for storing bonsai trees and other objects [noun] 船, 舟: [unknown] a treasure ship [noun] This term needs a translation to English. [noun] This term needs a translation to English. [noun] This term needs a translation to English. [counter] 船, 舟, 槽: items in a box-shaped container Alternative spellings 船, 槽 |
(This term, 舟, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 舟
* ふな Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 舟 – see the following entry. :
| 【ふな】 | [noun] 船, 舟: a boat: [noun] 舟: a boat, ship, small ship Alternative spelling 船 |
(This term, 舟, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References
## Korean
### Hanja

舟 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
* boat, ship
* KangXi radical 137

## Vietnamese
### Han character

舟: Hán Nôm readings: chu, châu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.