# ترف
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Probably from Aramaic תרף / ܬܪܦ (trap̄). Its meanings “to sink in, to disappear; to be or become soft, to become digested or dissolved; to perish, to become ruined” are apparently from a basic meaning “to remain behind” as evidenced by South Semitic languages, widely used in Ethiopian Semitic, Ge'ez ተርፈ (tärfä), ተረፈ (täräfä) as ”to be left behind” and then from “to be left over” “to be excessive, to be superfluous”, Sabaean 𐩩𐩧𐩰 (trf, “to be left over, to remain, to be residual”), and in the other direction Soqotri terof (“to be in good health”). Surely an ancient agglutination of feminine or reflexive prefix to a stem equivalent to that of رَفَّ (raffa, “to flutter; to flare”), thence also causative رَفَأَ (rafaʔa, “to patch, to apply something on top to fix; to leave (the ship) behind, to dock”).

#### Verb

تَرِفَ • (tarifa) I (non-past يَتْرَفُ (yatrafu), verbal noun تَرَف (taraf))
* to live in luxury

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

تَرَف • (taraf) m
* verbal noun of تَرِفَ (tarifa) (form I)
* luxury, opulence, affluence
* effemination

##### Alternative forms

* تُرْفَة (turfa), تَرَافَة (tarāfa)

#### Verb

تَرَّفَ • (tarrafa) II (non-past يُتَرِّفُ (yutarrifu), verbal noun تَتْرِيف (tatrīf)) (obsolete)
* to spoil, to render effeminate

##### Conjugation
#### Adjective

تَرِف • (tarif)
* luxurious, opulent, delicate
* effeminate

#### Derived terms

* أَتْرَفَ (ʔatrafa, “to live in opulence; to make opulent; to make effeminate”)
* تَتَرَّفَ (tatarrafa, “to live in luxury”)
* اِسْتَتْرَفَ (istatrafa, “to behave arrogantly”)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

ترف (form I)
* تَرِفُّ (tariffu) /ta.rif.fu/: inflection of رَفَّ (raffa):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active indicative
** third-person feminine singular non-past active indicative
* تَرِفَّ (tariffa) /ta.rif.fa/: inflection of رَفَّ (raffa):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active subjunctive/jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active subjunctive/jussive
* تَرِفِّ (tariffi) /ta.rif.fi/: inflection of رَفَّ (raffa):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
* تَرُفُّ (taruffu) /ta.ruf.fu/: inflection of رَفَّ (raffa):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active indicative
** third-person feminine singular non-past active indicative
* تَرُفَّ (taruffa) /ta.ruf.fa/: inflection of رَفَّ (raffa):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active subjunctive/jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active subjunctive/jussive
* تَرُفِّ (taruffi) /ta.ruf.fi/: inflection of رَفَّ (raffa):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive

### References

* Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 214
* “trp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “ترف”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 190
* Hoffmann, Georg, Greßmann, Hugo (1922) “Teraphim. Masken und Winkorakel in Ägypten und Vorderasien”, in Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (in German), volume 40, →DOI, pages 135–137
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “ترف”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 197
* Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 579
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “ترف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 114

## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic تَرِف (tarif).

### Noun

ترف • (tərf)
* (derogatory) a spoiled and/or effeminate person.
    Antonym: زِلِم

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Cognate with Parthian 𐫤𐫜𐫡 (tfr /⁠tafr⁠/, “cheese”), from Proto-Iranian *tr̥práh.

#### Alternative forms

* ترپک (tarpak), ترپه (tarpe), ترپ (tarp)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t̪ʰæɾf]

#### Noun

ترف • (tarf)
* (archaic, dialectal) qurut, kashk, black kashk

##### Derived terms

* ترخینه (tarxine, “tarhana”)
* ترفبا (tarf-bâ, “tarhana soup”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰʊɾf]

#### Noun

ترف • (turf)
* (Dari, dialectal) alternative form of ترب (torob, “radish”)