# 感染
## Chinese

* 感染

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǎnrǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˇ ㄖㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^2$ jim$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kám-liám / kám-jiám
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gam$^2$ riam$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǎnrǎn [Phonetic: gánrǎn]
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˇ ㄖㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǎnrǎn
*** Wade–Giles: kan$^3$-jan$^3$
*** Yale: gǎn-rǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaanraan
*** Palladius: ганьжань (ganʹžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʐän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^2$ jim$^5$
*** Yale: gám yíhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^2$ jim$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^2$ yim$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm³⁵ jiːm¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám-liám
*** Tâi-lô: kám-liám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafmliarm
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liam⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liam⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám-jiám
*** Tâi-lô: kám-jiám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafmjiarm
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ziam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡ziam⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gam$^2$ riam$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kám jiám
*** Sinological IPA : /kam⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziam⁵²⁻²¹/

### Verb

感染
* (medicine) to infect or be infected by; to have an infection; to contract (a contagion)
    感染病毒 ― gǎnrǎn bìngdú ― to be infected by a virus
    胸部感染 ― xiōngbù gǎnrǎn ― chest infection
    細菌感染／细菌感染 ― xìjūn gǎnrǎn ― bacterial infection
    病毒感染 ― bìngdú gǎnrǎn ― viral infection
    消除感染 ― xiāochú gǎnrǎn ― elimination of infection
    上呼吸道感染 ― shànghūxīdào gǎnrǎn ― upper respiratory tract infection
    傷口容易感染。／伤口容易感染。 ― Shāngkǒu róngyì gǎnrǎn. ― The wound can easily become infected.
* (computing, of a virus) to infect (computers)
* (figurative) to influence; to affect; to imbue (with)
    受到感染 ― shòudào gǎnrǎn ― to be influenced

#### Synonyms

* (to infect): 傳染／传染 (chuánrǎn), 沾染 (zhānrǎn); (Hokkien) 透著／透着, 過著／过着

#### Derived terms

* 二次感染
* 交叉感染 (jiāochā gǎnrǎn)
* 尿道感染
* 性傳播感染 / 性传播感染 (xìng chuánbō gǎnrǎn)
* 感染力 (gǎnrǎnlì)
* 感染症
* 感染科 (gǎnrǎnkē)
* 感染者 (gǎnrǎnzhě)
* 泌尿道感染 (mìniàodào gǎnrǎn)
* 潛伏感染 / 潜伏感染
* 醫院感染 / 医院感染 (yīyuàn gǎnrǎn)
* 院內感染 / 院内感染 (yuànnèi gǎnrǎn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 感 | 染 |
| かん Grade: 3 | せん Grade: 6 |
| kan'on | kan'yōon |

### Etymology

Coined by Japanese medical scientist Okuyama Torafumi in 1872 in his work 医語類聚 (Igo ruiju) as a translation of English affection.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かんせん [kàńséń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kã̠ɰ̃sẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

感(かん)染(せん) • (kansen)
* infection, contagion

#### Derived terms

* 感(かん)染(せん)経(けい)路(ろ) (kansen keiro)
* 感(かん)染(せん)源(げん) (kansengen)
* 感(かん)染(せん)症(しょう) (kansenshō)
* 感(かん)染(せん)爆(ばく)発(はつ) (kansen bakuhatsu)
* 経(けい)口(こう)感(かん)染(せん) (keikō kansen)

### Verb

感(かん)染(せん)する • (kansen suru) intransitive suru (stem 感(かん)染(せん)し (kansen shi), past 感(かん)染(せん)した (kansen shita))
* to become infected, to catch
    ウイルスに感(かん)染(せん)する
       uirusu ni kansen suru
       become infected with a virus

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 感染し | かんせんし | kansen shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 感染し | かんせんし | kansen shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 感染する | かんせんする | kansen suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 感染する | かんせんする | kansen suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 感染すれ | かんせんすれ | kansen sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 感染せよ¹ 感染しろ² | かんせんせよ¹ かんせんしろ² | kansen seyo¹ kansen shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 感染される | かんせんされる | kansen sareru |
| Causative | 感染させる 感染さす | かんせんさせる かんせんさす | kansen saseru kansen sasu |
| Potential | 感染できる | かんせんできる | kansen dekiru |
| Volitional | 感染しよう | かんせんしよう | kansen shiyō |
| Negative | 感染しない | かんせんしない | kansen shinai |
| Negative continuative | 感染せず | かんせんせず | kansen sezu |
| Formal | 感染します | かんせんします | kansen shimasu |
| Perfective | 感染した | かんせんした | kansen shita |
| Conjunctive | 感染して | かんせんして | kansen shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 感染すれば | かんせんすれば | kansen sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ “感染”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 感 | 染 |

### Noun

感染 • (gamyeom) (hangeul 감염)
* hanja form of 감염 (“infection, contagion, infestation”)