# hy
## Translingual
### Symbol

hy
* (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Armenian.

## Afrikaans
### Alternative forms

* hij (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Dutch hij, from Middle Dutch hi, from Old Dutch hie, hē, from Proto-Germanic *hiz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɦəi/, [ɦə̟i̯]
* Audio:(file)

### Pronoun

hy (object hom, possessive sy)
* third-person singular subject pronoun
** he (referring to a male person)
    Hy sien my nie.He can’t see me.
** it (referring to a non-personal noun)
    Ek het die boek gelees, maar hy is baie moeilik om te volg.I’ve read the book, but it is very difficult to follow.

#### Synonyms

* (it): dit

### See also

| | | subjective | objective | possessive determiner | possessive pronoun |
| singular | 1st | ek | my | my | myne |
| singular | 2nd | jy | jou | jou | joune |
| singular | 2nd, formal | u | u | u | u s’n |
| singular | 3rd, masc | hy | hom | sy | syne |
| singular | 3rd, fem | sy | haar | haar | hare |
| singular | 3rd, neut | dit | dit | sy | syne |
| plural | 1st | ons | ons | ons | ons s’n |
| plural | 2nd | julle / jul$^1$ | julle / jul$^1$ | julle / jul$^1$ | julle s’n |
| plural | 3rd | hulle / hul$^1$ | hulle / hul$^1$ | hulle / hul$^1$ | hulle s’n |
| 1. The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function, but also otherwise, chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence. ||||||

## Canela
### Etymology

From Proto-Northern Jê *ˀcy (“seed”) < Proto-Cerrado *cym (“seed”) < Proto-Jê *cym (“seed”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɨ/

### Noun

hy
* seed
    Hũmre ata amji mã ampeaj kam hãn ne ampo hy ata kre.That man quietly peacefully plants those seeds (without shouting or arguments).
* penis
    Synonym: jixôt

## Cornish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *sī (compare Welsh hi).

#### Alternative forms

* hi
* hei

#### Pronoun

hy
* she, her

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Brythonic *eið, from *esyās f; compare Old Irish a (“his, her, its, their”) and अस्यास् (asyā́s, “her”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Revived Late Cornish) IPA: /i/

#### Determiner

hy
* (possessive) her, its (with reference to feminine nouns; triggers aspirate mutation of following consonant)
    hy has hiher seeds

#### Pronoun

hy
* her, it (with reference to feminine nouns; as object of a verbal noun; triggers aspirate mutation of following consonant)
    My vedn hy fe hei.I will pay her.
    Ny wonn hy hegi.I do not know how to cook it.

##### Usage notes

* Dual marking of possession is possible by adding hi/hei after the noun or verbal noun which hy precedes. Although originally a form of emphasis, in Late Cornish this structure had largely lost its emphatic meaning.
* In Late Cornish, masculine y and feminine hy had become homophonic with the pronunciation /i/.

#### Noun

hy
* Aspirate mutation of ky.

## Demotic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /haj/, IPA: /hej/ (depending on dialect)

#### Noun

⁠⁠ m
* husband

##### Descendants

* Coptic: ϩⲁⲓ (hai) (Sahidic, Bohairic), ϩⲉⲓ (hei) (Fayyumic, Akhmimic), ϩⲉⲉⲓ (heei) (Lycopolitan)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

* (intransitive) to fall, to descend, to perish

##### Descendants

* Coptic: ϩⲉ (he) (Sahidic), ϩⲉⲓ (hei) (Bohairic)

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 270
* Erichsen, Wolja (1954) Demotisches Glossar, Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, pages 266, 267
* Johnson, Janet (2000) Thus Wrote ꜥOnchsheshonqy: An Introductory Grammar of Demotic‎, third edition, Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, →ISBN, pages 9, 78
* Janet H. Johnson, editor (2001), The Demotic Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago‎, volume H (10.1), Chicago: The University of Chicago, page 11

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɦɛi̯/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛi̯
* Homophone: hei

### Pronoun

hy
* Obsolete spelling of hij.

#### Usage notes

* The spelling hy was deprecated in a Dutch spelling reform.

## Egyptian
### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /hiː/
** Conventional anglicization: hy

### Interjection

* (vocative, before the name of the person called) O, hey, hail
* a call to someone unspecified; hey

#### Alternative forms

| hj | h |

### Noun

m
* cry of joy
** c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, lines 8–9: jw hy n rꜥ r r(ꜣ) ꜥꜣwj tꜣ hnw n.k srq ꜣḫw ꜥq.k sbꜣ n(j) wrtMay there be cries of joy for Ra at the opening of the double doors of the earth, and acclaim for you who make the akh-spirits breathe when you enter the door of the Great (i.e. the afterworld).

#### Alternative forms

| hy | hꜣy | hꜣy |
| | [New Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] |

### References

* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 482.12-16, 483.1–483.13
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 157

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Pronoun

hy
* Alternative form of heo (“she”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

hy
* Alternative form of he (“they”)

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xyː/, [hyː]

### Pronoun

hȳ
* Alternative form of hīe (“they”)

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse hý, from Proto-Germanic *hiwją, either from Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *ḱew- or from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-, or a merger of the two. Compare English hue.

### Noun

hy c (uncountable)
* skin, complexion ((appearance of) skin on the face)

#### Derived terms

* -hyad (“-skinned”)

#### See also

* hud

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* hyf

### Etymology

From Middle Welsh hy, from Proto-Brythonic *hɨɣ, from Proto-Celtic *segos, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to overpower”).
Cognate with Proto-Germanic *segaz, Sanskrit सहस् (sáhas, “force, power, victory”), and Ancient Greek ἔχω (ékhō, “I have, I own”).

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /hɨː/
* (South Wales) IPA: /hiː/
* Rhymes: -ɨː

### Adjective

hy (feminine singular hy, plural hyfion, equative hyfed, comparative hyfach, superlative hyfaf, not mutable)
* bold

#### Derived terms

* hyder (“confidence”)

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “hy”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## West Frisian
### Etymology

From Old Frisian hī, from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz.

### Pronunciation

* (Clay) IPA: /hɛi̯/
* (Wood) IPA: /hi/

### Pronoun

hy
* he (third-person singular masculine pronoun)

#### Usage notes

The accusative him is used roughly like "himself" and "itself" in English. In these cases, it is used after a verb when there is another object in the sentence. For example:
    Dy partij stelt him op it stânpunt fan it federalisme.This party puts itself on the standpoint of federalism.
In other reflexive cases, the reflexively marked pronoun himsels is used.
The clitic form er is used before the object of the sentence or after the verb, if there is one. It is never the first word of a sentence.
    Doe't er in swolch naamWhen he took a swallow
Especially in narrative, er is used in the past tense.

#### Inflection

| Number | Person | Person | Nominative | Objective | Objective | Possessive | Possessive |
| Number | Person | Person | Nominative | Normal | Reflexive | Determiner | Pronoun |
| Singular | First | First | ik | my | mysels | myn | mines |
| Singular | Second | Informal | do/dû$^1$ | dy | dysels | dyn | dines |
| Singular | Second | Formal | jo | jo | josels | jo | jowes |
| Singular | Third | Masculine | hy | him | himsels | syn | sines |
| Singular | Third | Feminine | sy/hja$^1$ | har | harsels | har | harres |
| Singular | Third | Neuter | it | it | himsels | syn | sines |
| Plural | First | First | wy | ús | ússels | ús | uzes |
| Plural | Second | Second | jim(me) | jim(me) | jimsels/jinsels | jim(me) | jimmes |
| Plural | Third | Third | sy/hja$^1$ | har(ren) | harsels | har(ren) | harres |
| $^{1.}$ Now mostly archaic and unused ||||||||

#### Further reading

* “hy (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011