# 拯

| 拯 | U+62EF, &#25327; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62EF |
| ← 拮 [U+62EE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 拰 → [U+62F0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

拯 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手弓水一 (QNEM), four-corner 5701$_3$, composition ⿰扌丞)

#### Derived characters

* 𩄔, 𰞼

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 427, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11991
* Dae Jaweon: page 776, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1876, character 8
* Unihan data for U+62EF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蒸 | *kljɯŋ |
| 烝 | *kljɯŋ, *kljɯŋs |
| 篜 | *klɯŋ |
| 脀 | *kljɯŋ |
| 拯 | *kljɯŋʔ |
| 氶 | *kljɯŋʔ |
| 承 | *ɡljɯŋ |
| 丞 | *ɡljɯŋ, *ɡljɯŋs |
| 巹 | *klɯnʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kljɯŋʔ) : semantic 手 + phonetic 丞 (OC *ɡljɯŋ, *ɡljɯŋs).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; to rise; to raise”). Related to 承 (OC *ɡljɯŋ, “to receive”), 烝 (OC *kljɯŋ, “to offer (gifts, sacrifices, etc.)”), 登 (OC *tɯːŋ, “to mount; to rise”), 升 (OC *hljɯŋ, “to rise”) (Schuessler, 2007; Sagart and Baxter, 2012).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhěng (zheng$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cing$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): cen$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ziin$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ́n
* Northern Min (KCR): cěng
* Eastern Min (BUC): cīng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chín / chéng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zing$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsen
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhen$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhěng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhěng
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^3$
*** Yale: jěng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeeng
*** Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cing$^2$
*** Yale: chíng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsing$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qing$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪŋ³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: cen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰen⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ziin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɨn²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́n
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziin$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn³¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cěng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cīng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chín
*** Tâi-lô: tsín
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cien
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sin⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chéng
*** Tâi-lô: tsíng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zeang
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁵³/
* chín - vernacular;
* chéng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: tsyingX
Rime :
| Character | 拯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | |
| Baxter | tsyingX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕɨŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕieŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ciŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiəŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭəŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯əŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhěng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zing$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*təŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kljɯŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 拯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhěng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsying$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*təŋʔ/ |
| English | lift up |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 拯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1410 |
| Phonetic component | 丞 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 拯 |
| Old Chinese | /*kljɯŋʔ/ |
| Notes | 原音蒸上聲無切語， 此切爲五音集韻補 |

### Definitions

拯
* to rescue; to save; to aid
    From: 文理和合譯本, 馬太福音 [Matthew] 6:13
    wù dǎo rù shì, zhěng wǒ chū è [Pinyin]
    And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil
* (literary) to lift; to raise

### Compounds

* 匡拯 (kuāngzhěng)
* 哀拯
* 存拯
* 憐拯／怜拯
* 扶危拯溺
* 拔拯
* 拯危扶溺
* 拯卹
* 拯恤
* 拯拔
* 拯援
* 拯撫／拯抚
* 拯擢
* 拯救 (zhěngjiù)
* 拯治
* 拯溺
* 拯溺扶危
* 拯溺救焚
* 拯溺濟危／拯溺济危
* 拯濟／拯济
* 拯物
* 拯護／拯护
* 拯贍／拯赡
* 拯贖／拯赎
* 援拯
* 攜拯／携拯
* 救拯 (jiùzhěng)
* 救火拯溺
* 救焚拯溺
* 救饑拯溺／救饥拯溺
* 濟拯／济拯
* 濟時拯世／济时拯世

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* help

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan’yō-on: じょう (jō)
* Kun: すくう (sukuu, 拯う)

## Korean
### Hanja

拯 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)
* help, save, aid
* lift, raise

## Vietnamese
### Han character

拯: Hán Nôm readings: chửng
拯: Nôm readings: chẳng, chăng, chuộng

### Adverb

* No, not, negative particle.

### See also

* 𫽄

### References

* 1 2 3 Nguyễn (2014).
* ↑ , Dictionarium Anamitico-Latinum.