# 美德
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): měidé
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄟˇ ㄉㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mei$^5$ dak$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mî-tet
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bí-tiak / bí-tek
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: měidé
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˇ ㄉㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: měidé
*** Wade–Giles: mei$^3$-tê$^2$
*** Yale: měi-dé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meeider
*** Palladius: мэйдэ (mɛjdɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mei$^5$ dak$^1$
*** Yale: méih dāk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mei$^5$ dak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: méi$^5$ deg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mei̯¹³ tɐk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mî-tet
*** Hakka Romanization System: mi$^ˊ$ ded$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mi$^1$ ded$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi²⁴ tet̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bí-tiak
*** Tâi-lô: bí-tiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: by'diag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bí-tek
*** Tâi-lô: bí-tik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: by'deg
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: mijX tok
Rime :
| Character | 美 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (17) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 無鄙切 | 多則切 |
| Baxter | mijX | tok |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠiɪ$^X$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚi$^X$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miɪ$^X$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mji$^X$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /mji$^X$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /mi$^X$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi$^X$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǐ | de |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mei$^5$ | dak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m]rəjʔ tˤək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mriʔ tɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 美 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | měi | dé |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mij$^X$ › | ‹ tok › |
| Old Chinese | /*[m]rəjʔ/ | /*tˁək/ |
| English | beautiful | virtue |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 美 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 8951 | 17266 |
| Phonetic component | 美 | 直 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 美 | 德 |
| Old Chinese | /*mriʔ/ | /*tɯːɡ/ |
| Notes | 甲文象大人首插翎羽表美觀， 取陳獨秀說 | |

### Noun

美德
* virtue (behaviour of a high moral standard); noble attribute
       Xiàoshùn shì zhōnghuámínzú de chuántǒng měidé. [Pinyin]
       Filial piety is a traditional virtue of the Chinese people.
    From: 2004, 八尾半 (“Eight-and-a-Half-Tails”), in 《神河群英录》 (Chronicles of the Champions of Kamigawa), Wizards of the Coast
    Měidé zhī guāng néng yíngmǎn měi ge línghún. [Pinyin]
    Virtue is an inner light that can prevail in every soul.

#### Synonyms

* (literary) 俊德 (jùndé)

#### Antonyms

* (rare) 惡德／恶德 (èdé)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 美(び)徳(とく) (bitoku)
* → Korean: 미덕(美德) (mideok)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 美 | 德 |
| び Grade: 3 | とく Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 美德 – see the following entry. :
| 【美徳びとく】 | [noun] virtue |
(This term, 美德, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 美 | 德 |

### Noun

美德 • (mideok) (hangeul 미덕)
* hanja form of 미덕 (“virtue”)