# 発条
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 発 | 条 |
| ばね ||
| Grade: 3 | Grade: 5 |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spellings
* 發條 (kyūjitai) 撥条 (rare) 弾機 (rare)
Shift from 跳ね (hane, “jumping, springing”), the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 跳(は)ねる (haneru, “to jump, to spring”)..
First cited to 1888.
The kanji are jukujikun and not commonly seen in modern usage. This term is usually written in hiragana.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ばね [báꜜnè] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ba̠ne̞]

#### Noun

発条(ばね) • (bane)
* [from 1888] spring (device made of flexible material)
* [from 1897] (by extension) springiness, bounce, resilience (such as physical or emotional)
    Synonym: 弾力性 (danryokusei)
    弾力(ばね)強(つよ)き心(こころ)の二(じ)郎(ろう)は...
       bane tsuyoki kokoro no Jirō ha
       Jirō of the heart of strong resilience → Jirō of the resilient heart...
* [date uncertain] (uncommon, possibly dated, figurative) a springboard, spark, or catalyst leading to some other change
    住(じゅう)民(みん)運(うん)動(どう)がばねとなって基(き)地(ち)が撤(てっ)去(きょ)された
       jūmin undō ga bane to natte kichi ga tekkyo sareta
       With the protests by residents as the catalyst, the base was shut down

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 発 | 条 |
| ぜんまい ||
| Grade: 3 | Grade: 5 |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spellings
* 發條 (kyūjitai) 撥条 (uncommon)
Shift in meaning from 薇(ぜんまい) (zenmai, “Japanese flowering fern”), from the visual resemblance of a coiled clockwork spring to a coiled fern fiddlehead.
First cited to 1732.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぜんまい [zèńmáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡zẽ̞mːa̠i]

#### Noun

発条(ぜんまい) • (zenmai)
* [from 1732] spring (device made of flexible material), specifically the spiral torsion kind commonly used in clockwork that is coiled into a disc shape like a fern fiddlehead
    Synonyms: 薇発条 (zenmai bane, literally “fiddlehead-fern spring”), 渦巻発条 (uzumaki bane, literally “whirlpool spring”)
    時計(とけい)のぜんまいが緩(ゆる)んだ
       tokei no zenmai ga yurunda
       the clock's spring wound down
* [from 1812] (possibly dated) Short for 発条仕掛 (zenmai-jikake, “clockwork mechanism, clockwork”).

##### Derived terms

* 発条(ぜんまい)仕(じ)掛(かけ) (zenmai-jikake, “clockwork mechanism, clockwork”)
* 発条(ぜんまい)秤(ばかり) (zenmai-bakari, “spring scale”)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 発 | 条 |
| はつ Grade: 3 | じょう Grade: 5 |
| kan'on | goon |
* Alternative spelling
* 發條 (kyūjitai)
Appears to be a shift in reading of 発条 (bane), adopting the common on'yomi of the individual kanji characters. Possibly a learned borrowing from Chinese 發條／发条 (fātiáo).
First cited to 1879.
発 is a daiyōji replacing 撥

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はつじょー [hàtsújóó] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) はつじょー [hàtsúꜜjòò] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [ha̠t͡sɨʑo̞ː]

#### Noun

発(はつ)条(じょう) • (hatsujō)
* [from 1879] spring (device made of flexible material)
* [from 1961] a motivation or catalyst leading to some other change

### References

* ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 “発条・撥条・弾機”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 3 4 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 “発条・撥条”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ “発条”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006