# 黃昏
## Chinese

* 黃昏

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): huánghūn
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄨㄣ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): huang$^2$ hun$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wong$^4$ fan$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hông-hun
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ng$^5$ hung$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huánghūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄨㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huánghun
*** Wade–Giles: huang$^2$-hun$^1$
*** Yale: hwáng-hwūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwanghuen
*** Palladius: хуанхунь (xuanxunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ən⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: huang$^2$ hun$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xuongxun
*** Sinological IPA : /xuaŋ²¹ xuən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wong$^4$ fan$^1$
*** Yale: wòhng fān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wong$^4$ fan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wong$^4$ fen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔːŋ²¹ fɐn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-hun
*** Tâi-lô: hông-hun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: honghwn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hun³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ng$^5$ hung$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: n̂g hung
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: hwang xwon
Rime :
| Character | 黃 | 昏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (102) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 胡光切 | 呼昆切 |
| Baxter | hwang | xwon |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦwɑŋ/ | /huən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷɑŋ/ | /huon/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɑŋ/ | /xuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwaŋ/ | /hwən/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɑŋ/ | /xuən/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuɑŋ/ | /xuən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣwɑŋ/ | /xuən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huáng | hūn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wong$^4$ | fan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kʷˤaŋ m̥ˤu[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaːŋ hmɯːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 黃 | 昏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huáng | hūn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwang › | ‹ xwon › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-kʷˁaŋ/ | /*m̥ˁu[n]/ |
| English | yellow | dusk, dark |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 黃 | 昏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5380 | 5529 |
| Phonetic component | 黄 | 昏 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 黃 | 昏 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷaːŋ/ | /*hmɯːn/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象繫市（韍）之圍腰綬帶，取唐蘭釋黃爲衡綬但不取其尪本字說。非光聲 | |

### Noun

黃昏
* dusk; twilight

#### Synonyms

* 傍晚 (bàngwǎn)
* 傍黑 (bànghēi) (regional)
* 入暮 (rùmù)
* 向晚 (xiàngwǎn) (literary)
* 向暮 (xiàngmù) (literary)
* 夜色 (yèsè) (night scenery)
* 斷夜／断夜 (Hakka)
* 斷暗／断暗 (Hakka)
* 昏暮 (hūnmù) (literary)
* 晚來／晚来 (wǎnlái) (literary)
* 暝色 (míngsè) (literary or Teochew, night scenery)
* 暮色 (mùsè) (shades of evening)
* 落黑 (no$^2$ he$^2$) (Sichuanese)
* 薄暮 (bómù) (literary)
* 遲暮／迟暮 (chímù) (literary)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 暮, 夕, 黃昏, 薄暮, 向晚, 日暮 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 傍晚, 黃昏 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 擦黑兒, 傍晚兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 傍晚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 傍黑兒, 擦黑兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 傍晚 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 傍黑天兒, 傍黑兒天 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 傍傍黑兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 黑些兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 擦黑, 後晌黑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 擦黑兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 捱黑兒, 捱傍黑兒, 下傍晚兒, 捱傍晚兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 擦黑, 麻麻黑, 打麻子眼兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 煞黑, 挨黑 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 下晚, 下晚時候 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 挨晚, 𨂾光黑, 齊黑 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 挨晚, 黃昏 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 埋黑 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 挨晚, 齊黑, 將近齊黑 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 使黑, 煞黑 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) | 熱頭晚 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 臨夜邊子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 臨暗, 臨夜, 臨暗邊, 斷暗, 斷夜 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 臨暗仔, 臨暗邊, 臨暗頭 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 臨暗仔, 臨暗邊, 臨暗頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 臨暗仔, 臨暗邊, 臨暗頭 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 臨暗, 臨暗邊, 臨暗頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 臨暗仔, 臨暗, 臨暗邊, 臨暗頭 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 偎暗, 烏昏 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Meixian) | 斷暗邊 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 擦黑, 黑將來 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 暗邊仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 半晡 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 半晡 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 日欲暗, 倚暗, 倚暗仔, 欲暗仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 日欲暗, 欲暗仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 日欲暗, 倚暗, 倚暗仔, 欲暗仔, 倚欲暗仔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 欲暗仔, 暗頭仔 GT |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 尾暗仔, 欲暗仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 欲暗仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 欲暗仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 日欲暗, 欲暗仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 日頭欲落山, 黃昏 literary |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 尾暗仔, 欲暗仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 欲暗矣, 黃昏 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 欲暗矣, 日較晚 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 日欲暗 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 暗頭, 日頭落山 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 暗頭 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 暝昏 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 暝昏, 暝暗頭, 隨暗 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 暝昏, 暝暗, 暝暗頭 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 暝暗晡, 暝昏晡 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 暗昏跤 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 暗昏跤 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 日暗, 暗頭 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 暝昏 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 暝昏 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 暝昏 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 煞黑 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 齊夜快, 夜快, 夜快同, 傍晚辰光, 黃昏頭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 夜快, 夜快點, 垂夜快 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 夜快邊, 夜快 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 黃昏邊 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 斷黑, 煞黑, 晚邊子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 斷黑, 挨黑, 達夜 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified) |

#### Derived terms

* 人約黃昏／人约黄昏
* 黃昏市仔／黄昏市仔
* 黃昏戀／黄昏恋 (huánghūnliàn)
* 黃昏時分／黄昏时分

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 黄昏(こうこん) (kōkon)
* → Korean: 황혼(黃昏) (hwanghon)
* → Vietnamese: hoàng hôn (黃昏)

### Adjective

黃昏
* Synonym of 昏黄 (hūnhuáng, “pale yellow; dim”)

### References

* “Entry #9274”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 黃 | 昏 |
| こう Jinmeiyō | こん Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 黃昏 – see the following entry. :
| 【黄昏たそがれ】 | [noun] dusk; twilight Alternative spellings 黄昏れ, 誰そ彼 |
| 【黄昏こうこん】 | [noun] dusk; twilight |
(This term, 黃昏, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 黃 | 昏 |

### Noun

黃昏 • (hwanghon) (hangeul 황혼)
* hanja form of 황혼 (“sunset”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 黃 | 昏 |

### Noun

黃昏
* chữ Hán form of hoàng hôn (“dusk”).