# 輟

| 輟 | U+8F1F, &#36639; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F1F |
| ← 輞 [U+8F1E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 輠 → [U+8F20] |

## Translingual
### Han character

輟 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 十十水水水 (JJEEE), four-corner 5704$_7$, composition ⿰車叕)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1244, character 32
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38374
* Dae Jaweon: page 1721, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3542, character 10
* Unihan data for U+8F1F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蝃 | *tɯːds, *tjod |
| 欼 | *sʰrɯʔ |
| 綴 | *tods, *tod |
| 醊 | *tods, *tod |
| 畷 | *tods, *tod |
| 啜 | *tods, *djods, *tod, *tʰjod, *djod |
| 餟 | *tods, *tod |
| 腏 | *tods, *toːd, *tod |
| 錣 | *tods, *rtoːd |
| 輟 | *tods, *tod |
| 娺 | *tul, *rtoːd |
| 窡 | *rtoːd, *rtoːd |
| 鵽 | *rtoːd, *rtoːd, *toːd |
| 掇 | *toːd, *tod |
| 剟 | *toːd, *tod |
| 裰 | *toːd |
| 敠 | *toːd, *sʰlod |
| 惙 | *tod |
| 罬 | *tod, *ktod |
| 叕 | *tod |
| 歠 | *tʰjod |
| 逫 | *tud |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tods, *tod) : semantic 車 (“carriage; chariot”) + phonetic 叕 (OC *tod).

### Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan, as a cognate of 駐 (OC *tos) with *-t/*-d causative suffix (Jin, 2004).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chuò (chuo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zyut$^3$ / zyut$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tot
    (Hailu, HRS): dod
* Northern Min (KCR): chṳĕ
* Eastern Min (BUC): duók / cuók
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): doeh$^6$ / dyeh$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): toat
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chuò
*** Wade–Giles: chʻo$^4$
*** Yale: chwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuoh
*** Palladius: чо (čo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zyut$^3$ / zyut$^6$
*** Yale: jyut / jyuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzyt$^8$ / dzyt$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jud$^3$ / jud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syːt̚³/, /t͡syːt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tot
*** Hakka Romanization System: dod$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dod$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /tot̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: dod
*** Sinological IPA: /tot⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chṳĕ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyɛ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: duók / cuók
*** Sinological IPA : /tuɔʔ²⁴/, /t͡suɔʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: doeh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tœʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dyeh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tyøʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: toat
*** Tâi-lô: tuat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doad
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tuat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tuat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tuat̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tuat̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tuat̚³²/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit輟 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰuo⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuo⁵³/ /t͡sʰuo⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡sʰuo⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰuo³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /p͡fʰo²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂuɛ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /p͡fʰə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰuɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰuo²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sʰue³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡suei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰo³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡sʰoʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰuɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰuaʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰuaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sø³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡səʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕy²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰo³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂʰo²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tot̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡syt̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sy³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡syt̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tuat̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tɔuʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰyɛ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰuak̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /tuak̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: trjwejH, trjwet
Rime :
| Character | 輟 | 輟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (38) | 薛 (84) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 陟衛切 | 陟劣切 |
| Baxter | trjwejH | trjwet |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠiuᴇi$^H$/ | /ʈˠiuᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈʷᵚiei$^H$/ | /ʈʷᵚiet̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiuæi$^H$/ | /ȶiuæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈjwiaj$^H$/ | /ʈwiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶjuɛi$^H$/ | /ȶjuɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭwɛi$^H$/ | /ȶĭuɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi̯wɛi$^H$/ | /ȶi̯wɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhuì | zhuo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zeoi$^3$ | zyut$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*trot/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tods/, /*tod/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 輟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chuò |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trjwet › |
| Old Chinese | /*trot/ |
| English | stop, cease |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 輟 | 輟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 17785 | 17801 |
| Phonetic component | 叕 | 叕 |
| Rime group | 祭 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 輟 |
| Old Chinese | /*tods/ | /*tod/ |

### Definitions

輟
* to stop; to suspend; to halt

#### Compounds

* 不輟 / 不辍 (bùchuò)
* 中輟 / 中辍 (zhōngchuò)
* 作輟 / 作辍
* 廢寢輟食 / 废寝辍食
* 弦歌不輟 / 弦歌不辍
* 手不輟筆 / 手不辍笔
* 輟學 / 辍学 (chuòxué)
* 輟斤 / 辍斤
* 輟筆 / 辍笔 (chuòbǐ)
* 輟耕壟上 / 辍耕垄上
* 輟耕錄 / 辍耕录
* 輟讀 / 辍读
* 輟食吐哺 / 辍食吐哺

### References

* William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 717.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “辍”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 38.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): てつ (tetsu)
* Kun: やめる (yameru)

## Korean
### Hanja

輟 (eum 철 (cheol))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

輟: Hán Nôm readings: chuyết, xoẹt, xuyết
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation