# 靦

| 靦 | U+9766, &#38758; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9766 |
| ← 靥 [U+9765] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 靧 → [U+9767] |

## Translingual
### Han character

靦 (Kangxi radical 176, 面+7, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一田月山山 (MWBUU), four-corner 1661$_0$, composition ⿰面見)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1384, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42660
* Dae Jaweon: page 1898, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4400, character 13
* Unihan data for U+9766

## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): miǎn (mian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): min$^5$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bián
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: miǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: miǎn
*** Wade–Giles: mien$^3$
*** Yale: myǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mean
*** Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: min$^5$
*** Yale: míhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: min$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: min$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːn¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: meng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɛŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián
*** Tâi-lô: bián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biern
*** IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹/

#### Definitions

靦
* Only used in 靦腆／腼腆 (miǎntiǎn, “shy”).

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tiǎn (tian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tin$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tiǎn
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^3$
*** Yale: tyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tean
*** Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tin$^2$
*** Yale: tín
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tin$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiːn³⁵/
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰɯːnʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 靦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12410 |
| Phonetic component | 靦 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 腆 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰɯːnʔ/ |
| Notes | 即㥏，後作覥腆， |

#### Definitions

靦
* with the appearance of a human face; with the face of...
    From: 1897, August 18, Liang Qichao（梁啟超）,《〈春秋中國夷狄辨〉序》
    Ránzé chūnqiū zhī zhōngguó, yídí, běn wú dìngmíng. Qí yǒu yídí zhī xíng zhě, suī zhōngguó yě, tiǎnrán ér yídí yǐ; qí wú yídí zhī xíng zhě, suī yídí yě, bīnrán ér jūnzǐ yǐ. [Pinyin]
    Thus, in the Spring and Autumn, there was no fixed distinction between Chinese and barbarians. Those who exhibited barbarian behaviors, even though they were Chinese, were still regarded as barbarians; while those who behaved in a cultured manner, even though they were barbarians, were considered gentlemen.
* (alt. form 覥／觍) ashamed
* (alt. form 覥／觍) feeling no compunction; impudent

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “䩄”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 157.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* impudent
* feel ashamed

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): てん (ten)

## Korean
### Hanja

靦 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.