# 鴲

| 鴲 | U+9D32, &#40242; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9D32 |
| ← 鴱 [U+9D31] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鴳 → [U+9D33] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鴲 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+6, 17 strokes, cangjie input 心日竹日火 (PAHAF) or 難心日竹日 (XPAHA), composition ⿰旨鳥)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1487, character 32
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46850
* Dae Jaweon: page 2018, character 35
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4631, character 6
* Unihan data for U+9D32

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 鴲
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 稽 | *kiː, *kʰiːʔ |
| 詣 | *ŋɡiːs |
| 栺 | *ŋɡiːs, *kji |
| 榰 | *klje |
| 脂 | *kji |
| 鴲 | *kji, *kjis |
| 指 | *kjiʔ |
| 旨 | *kjiʔ |
| 恉 | *kjiʔ |
| 嗜 | *ɡjis |
| 蓍 | *qʰlji |
| 鰭 | *ɡri |
| 耆 | *ɡri |
| 鮨 | *ɡri |
| 鬐 | *ɡri |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhī (zhi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhī
*** Zhuyin: ㄓ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhih
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^1$
*** Yale: jr̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsyij, tsyijH
Rime :
| Character | 鴲 | 鴲 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 旨夷切 | 脂利切 |
| Baxter | tsyij | tsyijH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiɪ/ | /t͡ɕiɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕi/ | /t͡ɕi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjɪ/ | /t͡ɕjɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ci/ | /ci$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕi/ | /t͡ɕi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕi/ | /t͡ɕi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi/ | /t͡ɕi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhī | zhì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^1$ | zi$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kji/, /*kjis/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鴲 | 鴲 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 17324 | 17328 |
| Phonetic component | 旨 | 旨 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 脂 | 至 |
| Old Chinese | /*kji/ | /*kjis/ |

### Definitions

鴲
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* hawfinch

#### Readings

* Go-on: し (shi)
* Kan-on: し (shi)
* Kun: しめ (shime, 鴲)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 鴲
* しめ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 鳹
⟨sime$_2$⟩ → */siməɨ/ → /ɕime/
Likely from Old Japanese.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しめ [shíꜜmè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕime̞]

#### Noun

鴲(しめ) or 鴲(シメ) • (shime)
* hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as シメ.

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 鴲
* ひめ Hyōgai
* irregular
⟨pi$_1$me$_2$⟩ → */pʲiməɨ/ → /fime/ → /hime/
From Old Japanese.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Distinct from 姫 (⟨pi$_1$me$_1$⟩ → hime, “(imperial) princess”).

#### Noun

鴲(ひめ) • (hime)
* (obsolete) the hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 13, poem 3239:, text here
    近江(あふみの)之(う)海(み)泊(とまり)八十(やそ)有(あり)八十(やそ)嶋(しま)之(の)嶋(しま)之(の)埼(さき)邪伎(ざき)安利(あり)立有(たてる)花(はな)橘(たちばな)乎(を)末枝(ほつえ)尓(に)毛知(もち)引懸(ひきかけ)仲(なかつ)枝尓(えに)伊加流我(いかるが)懸(かけ)下枝(しづえ)尓(に)比米(ひめ)乎(を)懸(かけ)己之(なが)母(はは)乎(を)取久(とらく)乎(を)不知(しらに)己之(なが)父(ちち)乎(を)取久(とらく)乎思良尓(をしらに)伊蘇婆比座与(いそばひをるよ)伊可流我等(いかるがと)比米(ひめ)登(と) [Man'yōgana]
    近江(あふみ)の海(うみ)泊(とま)り八十(やそ)あり八十(やそ)島(しま)の島(しま)の崎々(さきざき)あり立(た)てる花(はな)橘(たちばな)を上(ほ)つ枝(え)に黐(もち)引(ひ)き懸(か)け中(なか)つ枝(え)に斑鳩(いかるが)懸(か)け下枝(しづえ)にひめを懸(か)け汝(な)が母(はは)を取(と)らくを知(し)らに汝(な)が父(ちち)を取(と)らくを知(し)らにいそばひ居(を)るよ斑鳩(いかるが)とひめと [Modern spelling]

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN