# 摜

| 摜 | U+645C, &#25692; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-645C |
| ← 摛 [U+645B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 摝 → [U+645D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

摜 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 手田十金 (QWJC), four-corner 5508$_6$, composition ⿰扌貫)
* throw to the ground
* know, be familiar

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 450, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12591
* Dae Jaweon: page 800, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1951, character 2
* Unihan data for U+645C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 毌 | *koːn, *koːns |
| 貫 | *koːn, *koːns |
| 樌 | *koːns |
| 鏆 | *koːns |
| 遦 | *koːns |
| 慣 | *kroːns |
| 摜 | *kroːns |
| 瑻 | *kuːn |
| 謴 | *kuːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːns) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 貫 (OC *koːn, *koːns)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guàn (guan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): guâng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): guang$^4$ / guong$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gue
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guàn
*** Wade–Giles: kuan$^4$
*** Yale: gwàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
*** Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯än⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwaan$^3$
*** Yale: gwaan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷaːn³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: guâng
*** Sinological IPA : /kuɑŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: guang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuaŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: guong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuoŋ⁴²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gue
*** MiniDict: gue$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$gue
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɡue²³/
* Middle Chinese: kwaenH
Rime :
| Character | 摜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (70) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古患切 |
| Baxter | kwaenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠuan$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷᵚan$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɐn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwaɨn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuan$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kwan$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kwan$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwaan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤro[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kroːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 摜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | guàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kwæn$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁro[n]-s/ |
| English | accustomed to |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 摜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4472 |
| Phonetic component | 毌 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 慣 |
| Old Chinese | /*kroːns/ |

### Definitions

摜
* to throw; to throw to the ground
    摜物事／掼物事 [Shanghainese] ― $^6$gue $^8$meq-zy [Wugniu] ― to throw something away
    摜麥／掼麦 [Suzhounese] ― to flail grains
    From: 28 August 1991, Kuo Cheng 郭箏, God's Dice 上帝的骰子, China Times 中國時報
    Nǐ cóng tā shǒu zhōng duó xià yī kuài qián, rútóng pěngzhe bǎobèi sìde zhíbēn kòngdì, zhènghǎo lúndào Āhǎi zuòzhuāng, nǐ zuānjìn rénduī, bǎ yī kuài qián guàn zài dìxià, dàjiā dōu xiào le qǐlái. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (Wu) to throw away; to discard
       $^1$ne $^8$geq $^6$la-shi $^6$gue-theq-yi [Wugniu]
       Throw the garbage away.
* (Wu) to rest something on a surface or pole
       $^1$i-zaon $^6$gue $^5$ka-tsy-kau-deu $^7$peq-yi $^6$laon-laq-he [Wugniu]
       Rest the clothes on the rack to dry.
* (Wu, figurative) to set aside; to ignore; to leave behind
* (Wu, Cantonese) to fall; to fall over
    摜一個跟多／掼一个跟多 [Suzhounese] ― to fall over
* (Wu, figurative) to flaunt; to ostensibly display; to flash; to whip out
    摜派頭／掼派头 [Shanghainese] ― $^6$gue-pha-deu [Wugniu] ― to flaunt one's status
    摜派頭浪／掼派头浪 [Wenzhounese] ― to flaunt one's status
* (Eastern Min) to pick up
       làng-làng guâng-kó̤ mā̤-chái / [l̃aŋ⁵³⁻³³ $^{(l-)}$nˡaŋ⁵³ kuaŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ $^{(kʰ-)}$ŋɔ²¹³ mɛ³³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(t͡sʰ-)}$ʒɑi²¹³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
       to pick up the basket and go buy groceries
* (Eastern Min) a handle

#### Synonyms

* (to throw):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 投 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 扔, 丟, 拋, 擲$_1$, 摔 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 扔, 溜, 拽, 砍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 扔, 丟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 丟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 丟 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 扔, 拽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 撂, 丟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 甩, 丟, 掟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 丟, 掟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 丟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 摔 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 甩 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 掟, 抌, 掉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 掟, 抌, 掉 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 拋, 釘 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 㧒, 撜, 擲$_4$ |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 擲$_4$ |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 擳 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 擲$_4$ |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 擲$_4$ |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 擲$_4$ |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 擊 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 砍, 給, 蠻 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 射 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 挌, 抾, 轆, 獻 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 挕, 揕, 擲$_2$, 練, 捔, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 挕, 揕, 擲$_2$, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 挕, 揕, 擲$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 挕, 揕, 捔, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 挕, 揕, 掔 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 揕 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 挕, 揕, 擲$_2$, 捔 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 挕, 揕, 擲$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 捔, 撾, 挒, 標 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 捔, 撾, 挒, 標, 打, 擲$_3$ |
| Wu | Shanghai | 摜, 厾 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 厾, 真 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 𪜃, 甩, 拌 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 射, 釘 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 亞, 打 |
* (to throw away):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 扔, 丟棄 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 扔, 撇 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 扔, 丟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 丟 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 拽, 扔 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 撇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 甩, 丟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 丟, 甩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 撂 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 撂, 甩, 板 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 擗, 掉, 𢫕, 抌 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 擗, 掉, 抌 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 擗 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 丟, 釘 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 丟, 㧒 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 砍, 撂, 蠻 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 丟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 溜, 轆, 獻, 抾, 挌 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 挕, 摑, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 挕, 摑, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 挕, 㧒 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 捔, 撼, 擿 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 捔, 擿 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 捔, 撼, 擿 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 摜, 厾 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 厾, 摜, 甩 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 𪜃, 甩, 拌 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 撂, 丟 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 亞 |

### Compounds

* 搭死摜／搭死掼
* 摜交／掼交
* 摜低／掼低
* 摜壓／掼压
* 摜打／掼打
* 摜烏紗帽／掼乌纱帽
* 摜碎／掼碎
* 摜稻／掼稻
* 摜紗帽／掼纱帽
* 摜紗帽／掼纱帽
* 摜蛋／掼蛋 (guàndàn)
* 摜跤／掼跤

### References

* “摜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 351.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “掼”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 81.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かん (kan)
* Kun: ならう (narau, 摜う)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

摜: Hán Nôm readings: quán
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation