# 黃金
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huángjīn
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wong$^4$ gam$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vòng-kîm
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): n̂g-kim / ûiⁿ-kim / hông-kim
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huángjīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huángjin
*** Wade–Giles: huang$^2$-chin$^1$
*** Yale: hwáng-jīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwangjin
*** Palladius: хуанцзинь (xuanczinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$黃巾／黄巾 黃金／黄金
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wong$^4$ gam$^1$
*** Yale: wòhng gām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wong$^4$ gam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wong$^4$ gem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔːŋ²¹ kɐm⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vòng-kîm
*** Hakka Romanization System: vong$^ˇ$ gim$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vong$^2$ gim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /voŋ¹¹ kim²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: n̂g-kim
*** Tâi-lô: n̂g-kim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngkym
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kim³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋ̍²³⁻³³ kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kim⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûiⁿ-kim
*** Tâi-lô: uînn-kim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: vui'kym
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /uĩ¹³⁻²² kim⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-kim
*** Tâi-lô: hông-kim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongkym
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³⁻²² kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ kim⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: hwang kim
Rime :
| Character | 黃 | 金 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (102) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 胡光切 | 居吟切 |
| Baxter | hwang | kim |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦwɑŋ/ | /kˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷɑŋ/ | /kᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɑŋ/ | /kiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwaŋ/ | /kjim/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɑŋ/ | /kjəm/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuɑŋ/ | /kĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣwɑŋ/ | /ki̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huáng | jīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wong$^4$ | gam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kʷˤaŋ k(r)[ə]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaːŋ krɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 黃 | 金 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huáng | jīn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwang › | ‹ kim › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-kʷˁaŋ/ | /*k(r)[ə]m/ |
| English | yellow | metal, bronze |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 黃 | 金 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5380 | 6679 |
| Phonetic component | 黄 | 金 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 黃 | 金 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷaːŋ/ | /*krɯm/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象繫市（韍）之圍腰綬帶，取唐蘭釋黃爲衡綬但不取其尪本字說。非光聲 | 說文今聲，俞敏依金文非之 |

### Noun

黃金
* gold
* (literary) money
* (obsolete) copper
* (humorous) poop

#### Synonyms

* (gold):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 金 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 金, 金子, 黃金 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 金子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 金子, 黃金 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 金子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 金子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 金子, 黃金 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 金子, 黃金 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 金, 黃金 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 金子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 金子, 黃金 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 金子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 金子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 金子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 金子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 金子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 金子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 金子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 金子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 黃金 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 金子, 黃金 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 金子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 金子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 金子, 黃金 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 金子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 金子, 黃金 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 金子, 金, 黃金 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 金子, 黃金 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin (Lingui) | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 金子, 黃金 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou (Luorong) | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 金子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 金子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 金子, 黃金 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 金子, 黃金 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 金子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 金子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 金 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 金 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 金仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 金 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 金仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 金 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 金仔 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 金 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 金 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 金 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 金 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 金 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jintian) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jiangkou) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 金 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 金 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 金 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 金 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 金 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Changtan) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 金 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 金 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 金 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 金子 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Chongzuo (Laituan) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Fusui (Qujiu) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 金 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 金 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 金 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 金 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 金子 |
| Gan | Pengze | 金子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 金 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 金子, 金 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 金仔, 金 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 金 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 金 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 金 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 金 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 金 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 金 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 金仔, 黃金 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 金仔, 黃金 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 金仔, 黃金 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 金, 黃金 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 金仔, 黃金 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 金, 黃金 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 金 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 金 |
| Hakka | Xingye (Gaofeng) | 金 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 金 |
| Hakka | Pingle (Tong'an) | 金子 |
| Hakka | Yangshuo (Jinbao) | 金 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 金 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 金子 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 金子, 金 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 金子 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 金 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 金子, 黃金 |
| Jin | Linhe | 金子 |
| Jin | Jining | 金子 |
| Jin | Liangcheng | 金子 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 金子 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 金子 |
| Jin | Handan | 金子, 黃金 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 金 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 金 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 金 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 金仔, 金 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 金仔, 金 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 金仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 金仔, 金 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 金 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 金 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 金 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 金仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 金仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 金 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 金仔 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 金 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 金 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 金 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 黃金 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 金 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 金 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 金 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 金 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Shajing) | 金 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 金 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Chaoyang) | 金子 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Zhuyuan) | 金子 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) | 金 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) | 金 |
| Northern Pinghua | Yangshuo (Jima) | 金子 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 金, 金子 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 金 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Liangjiatan) | 金 |
| Waxiang | Chengbu (Xuntou) | 金子 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 金子 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 金子 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 金子 |
| Wu | Danyang | 金子, 黃金 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 金子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 金子 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 金, 金子 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 金 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 金 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 金子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 金子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 金子 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 金 |
| Xiang | Guanyang (Wenshi) | 金子 |

### Adjective

黃金
* (attributive, figurative) golden; best
    黃金時間／黄金时间 ― huángjīn shíjiān ― prime time
    From: 2021 March 1, 《5人都是24岁 吸食新型毒品同日被抓》, in 《桂林晚报》 [Guilin Evening News], page 07
    Mínjǐng shuō, niánqīngrén zài zuì huángjīn de niánjì jiù hé dúpǐn dǎ jiāodào, wúyì yú zài ná zìjǐ de rénshēng wánhuǒ, zǒu gāngsī, shāo yǒu bùshèn jiù kěnéng wànjiébùfù, mínjǐng yě xīwàng zhè cì chéngjiè néng ràng tāmen xuányálèmǎ. [Pinyin]
    The police says that for teens in their prime age, coming into contact with drugs is no different from playing with fire or walking a tightrope and risking their lives. One small mistake could lead to lifelong doom. The police also hopes that this discplinary action can urge them to pull back before it is too late.

### Derived terms

* 得黃金百，不如得季布諾／得黄金百，不如得季布诺
* 得黃金百斤，不如得季布一諾／得黄金百斤，不如得季布一诺
* 書中自有黃金屋／书中自有黄金屋 (shū zhōng zì yǒu huángjīn wū)
* 男兒膝下有黃金／男儿膝下有黄金 (nán'ér xīxià yǒu huángjīn)
* 馬死黃金盡／马死黄金尽
* 黃金光照社／黄金光照社
* 黃金入櫃／黄金入柜
* 黃金分割／黄金分割 (huángjīn fēngē)
* 黃金單身漢／黄金单身汉
* 黃金地帶／黄金地带
* 黃金大米／黄金大米 (huángjīn dàmǐ)
* 黃金存摺／黄金存折
* 黃金屋／黄金屋
* 黃金律／黄金律
* 黃金提貨單／黄金提货单
* 黃金擲虛牝／黄金掷虚牝
* 黃金時代／黄金时代 (huángjīn shídài)
* 黃金時期／黄金时期 (huángjīn shíqī)
* 黃金時段／黄金时段 (huángjīn shíduàn)
* 黃金時間／黄金时间 (huángjīn shíjiān)
* 黃金有疵／黄金有疵
* 黃金條款／黄金条款
* 黃金樹／黄金树 (huángjīnshù)
* 黃金洞／黄金洞 (Huángjīndòng)
* 黃金海岸／黄金海岸 (Huángjīn Hǎi'àn)
* 黃金滿籯，不如一經／黄金满𰪣，不如一经
* 黃金糖漿／黄金糖浆 (huángjīn tángjiāng)
* 黃金臺／黄金台
* 黃金葛／黄金葛
* 黃金螺旋／黄金螺旋 (huángjīn luóxuán)
* 黃金週／黄金周 (Huángjīn Zhōu)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 黄(おう)金(ごん) (ōgon); 黄(こう)金(きん) (kōkin)

## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of 黃金 – see the following entry. :
| 【黄金おうごん】 | [noun] gold (Au) as a metal [noun] gold as a colour [noun] money, more specifically the large 大判 (ōban) gold coins formerly used in Japan |
| 【黄金こうきん】 | [noun] (obsolete) money [noun] (obsolete) gold (Au) as a metal [noun] (obsolete) gold as a colour |
| 【黄金こがね】 | [noun] gold (Au) as a metal [noun] money, more specifically the large 大判 (ōban) gold coins formerly used in Japan [noun] Short for 黄金色 (kogane iro): gold as a colour [noun] Short for 黄金の泥 (kogane no dei): powdered gold suspended in a base and used as paint Alternative spelling 金 |
| 【黄金きがね】 | [noun] (rare) gold (Au) as a metal [noun] (rare) money, often referring more specifically to the large 大判 (ōban) or smaller 小判 (koban) gold coins formerly used in Japan |
(This term, 黃金, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Old Japanese
### Alternative forms

* 金

### Etymology

From 黃 (ku, combining form of ki$_2$, “yellow”) +‎ 金 (kane, “metal”).
The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

### Noun

黃金 (kugane) (kana くがね)
* gold as a metal
    Coordinate terms: 銅 (akagane), 鐵 (kuro₁gane), 銀 (siro₁gane)

#### Descendants

* > Japanese: 黄金 (kogane) (inherited)