# 孟子
## Chinese

* 孟子 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 孟子 (著作) (Written Standard Chinese)
* Men-chṳ́ (Hakka)
* Mencius (English)
* Mencius (book) (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Mèngzǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˋ ㄗˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maang$^6$ zi$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Men-chṳ́
* Eastern Min (BUC): Mâing-cṳ̄
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Bēng-chú
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Mèngzǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˋ ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Mèngzǐh
*** Wade–Giles: Mêng$^4$-tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: Mèng-dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Menqtzyy
*** Palladius: Мэнцзы (Mɛnczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maang$^6$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: maahng jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maang$^6$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mang$^6$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːŋ²² t͡siː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Men-chṳ́
*** Hakka Romanization System: men zii$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: men$^4$ zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /men⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Mâing-cṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /mɛiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒy³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bēng-chú
*** Tâi-lô: Bīng-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bexngzuo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: maengH tsiX
Rime :
| Character | 孟 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 莫更切 | 即里切 |
| Baxter | maengH | tsiX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠæŋ$^H$/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚaŋ$^H$/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /maŋ$^H$/ | /t͡sie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maɨjŋ$^H$/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /mɐŋ$^H$/ | /t͡siə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mɐŋ$^H$/ | /t͡sĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mɐŋ$^H$/ | /t͡si$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mèng | zǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mang$^6$ | zi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤraŋ-s tsəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mraːŋs ʔslɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 孟 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mèng | zǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mæng$^H$ › | ‹ tsi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁraŋ-s/ | /*tsəʔ/ |
| English | eldest, great | child; gentleman, master |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 孟 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9152 | 17857 |
| Phonetic component | 皿 | 子 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 孟 | 子 |
| Old Chinese | /*mraːŋs/ | /*ʔslɯʔ/ |

### Proper noun

孟子
* Mencius (a Chinese philosopher, one of the principal thinkers of Confucianism)
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì. [Pinyin]
    I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.
* Mencius (one of the Four Books (四書／四书 (Sìshū)) of Confucianism)

#### Coordinate terms

* 大學／大学 (Dàxué, “Great Learning”)
* 中庸 (Zhōngyōng, “Doctrine of the Mean”)
* 論語／论语 (Lúnyǔ, “Analects”)
* 孟子 (Mèngzǐ, “Mencius”)
* 詩經／诗经 (Shījīng, “Classic of Poetry”)
* 書經／书经 (Shūjīng, “Book of Documents”)
* 禮記／礼记 (Lǐjì, “Book of Rites”)
* 易經／易经 (Yìjīng, “I Ching”)
* 春秋 (Chūnqiū, “Spring and Autumn Annals”)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 孟(もう)子(し) (Mōshi)
* → Korean: 맹자(孟子) (Maengja)
* → Vietnamese: Mạnh Tử (孟子)
* → Classical Mongolian: ᠮᠧᠩᠽᠢ (mēngzi)
** Mongolian: ᠮᠧᠩᠽᠢ (mēngzi), Мэнз (Menz)
* → English: Mengzi
* → Latin: Mencius
** → English: Mencius
*** → Chinese: 門修斯 (Ménxiūsī)
* → Manchu: ᠮᡝᠩᡯ (mengdz)
* → Tibetan: མེང་ཙི (meng tsi)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 孟 | 子 |
| もう Jinmeiyō | し Grade: 1 |
| goon ||

### Etymology

From Chinese 孟子 (Mèngzǐ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mo̞ːɕi]

### Proper noun

孟(もう)子(し) • (Mōshi)
* Mencius (Chinese philosopher)
* Mencius (one of the Four Books)

#### Coordinate terms

* 大(だい)学(がく) (Daigaku, “Great Learning”)
* 中(ちゅう)庸(よう) (Chūyō, “Doctrine of the Mean”)
* 論(ろん)語(ご) (Rongo, “Analects”)
* 孟(もう)子(し) (Mōshi, “Mencius”)
* 詩(しき)経(ょう) (Shikyō, “Classic of Poetry”)
* 書(しょ)経(きょう) (Shokyō, “Book of Documents”)
* 礼(らい)記(き) (Raiki, “Book of Rites”)
* 易(えき)経(きょう) (Ekikyō, “I Ching”)
* 春(しゅん)秋(じゅう) (Shunjū, “Spring and Autumn Annals”)

### See also

* 諸(しょ)子(し)百(ひゃっ)家(か) (Shoshi Hyakka)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 孟 | 子 |

### Proper noun

孟子 • (Maengja) (hangeul 맹자)
* hanja form of 맹자 (“Mencius, a Chinese philosopher, one of the principal interpreters of Confucianism”)
* hanja form of 맹자 (“Mencius (one of the Four Books (四書) of Confucianism)”)

#### Coordinate terms

* 대학 (大學, Daehak, “Great Learning”)
* 중용 (中庸, Jung'yong, “Doctrine of the Mean”)
* 논어 (論語, Noneo, “Analects”)
* 맹자 (孟子, Maengja, “Mencius”)
* 시경 (詩經, Sigyeong, “Classic of Poetry”)
* 서경 (書經, Seogyeong, “Book of Documents”)
* 예기 (禮記, Yegi, “Book of Rites”)
* 역경 (易經, Yeokgyeong, “I Ching”)
* 춘추 (春秋, Chunchu, “Spring and Autumn Annals”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 孟 | 子 |

### Proper noun

孟子
* chữ Hán form of Mạnh Tử (“Mencius, a Chinese philosopher, one of the principal interpreters of Confucianism”).
* chữ Hán form of Mạnh Tử (“Mencius (one of the Four Books (四書) of Confucianism)”).

#### Coordinate terms

* Đại Học (大學, “Great Learning”)
* Trung Dung (中庸, “Doctrine of the Mean”)
* Luận Ngữ (論語, “Analects”)
* Mạnh Tử (孟子, “Mencius”)
* Kinh Thi (經詩, “Classic of Poetry”)
* Kinh Thư (經書, “Book of Documents”)
* Kinh Lễ (經禮, “Book of Rites”)
* Kinh Dịch (經易, “I Ching”)
* Kinh Xuân Thu (經春秋, “Spring and Autumn Annals”)