# 把持
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǎchí
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄚˇ ㄔˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baa$^2$ ci$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pá-chhî
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǎchí
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄚˇ ㄔˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǎchíh
*** Wade–Giles: pa$^3$-chʻih$^2$
*** Yale: bǎ-chŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baachyr
*** Palladius: бачи (bači)
*** Sinological IPA : /pä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baa$^2$ ci$^4$
*** Yale: bá chìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baa$^2$ tsi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ba$^2$ qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /paː³⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pá-chhî
*** Tâi-lô: pá-tshî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pafchii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pa⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰi²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pa⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi²³/

### Verb

把持
* to dominate; to control; to manipulate
* to control one's feelings

#### Synonyms

* (to dominate):
* 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
* 主張 / 主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
* 克制 (kèzhì)
* 克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
* 制禦 / 制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
* 制約 / 制约 (zhìyuē)
* 君 (jūn) (literary)
* 執掌 / 执掌 (zhízhǎng)
* 壓制 / 压制 (yāzhì)
* 壓抑 / 压抑 (yāyì)
* 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 局限 (júxiàn)
* 左右 (zuǒyòu)
* 把
* 抑制 (yìzhì)
* 把控 (bǎkòng)
* 把攬 / 把揽 (bǎlǎn)
* 抵制 (dǐzhì)
* 拘束 (jūshù)
* 按 (àn)
* 按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
* 控 (literary, or in compounds)
* 控制 (kòngzhì)
* 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
* 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
* 提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
* 撥弄 / 拨弄 (bōnòng)
* 撙節 / 撙节 (zǔnjié)
* 操控 (cāokòng)
* 操縱 / 操纵 (cāozòng)
* 擺佈 / 摆布 (bǎibù)
* 擺治 / 摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
* 支配 (zhīpèi)
* 收斂 / 收敛 (shōuliǎn)
* 束 (literary, or in compounds)
* 束縛 / 束缚 (shùfù)
* 柄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 框 (kuàng)
* 禁錮 / 禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
* 積壓 / 积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
* 節制 / 节制 (jiézhì)
* 節撙 / 节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 管制 (guǎnzhì)
* 管束 (guǎnshù)
* 約束 / 约束 (yuēshù)
* 統御 / 统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
* 統治 / 统治 (tǒngzhì)
* 羈束 / 羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
* 裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
* 遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
* 鎮 / 镇 (zhèn)
* 限 (xiàn)
* 限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 限制 (xiànzhì)
* 駕 / 驾 (jià)
* 駕馭 / 驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 把 | 持 |
| は Grade: S | じ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はじ [háꜜjì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ha̠ʑi]

### Noun

把(は)持(じ) • (haji)
* grasping

#### See also

* 保持(ほじ) (hoji)

### Verb

把(は)持(じ)する • (haji suru) suru (stem 把(は)持(じ)し (haji shi), past 把(は)持(じ)した (haji shita))
* to grasp
** File:Foreign body in esophagus.jpg#Summary
    食道(しょくどう)異物(いぶつ)。PTP(ピーティーピー)。鉗子(かんし)で把持(はじ)できたので、そのまま引(ひ)っ張(ぱ)り出(だ)す。
       Shokudō ibutsu. Pī-tī-pī. Kanshi de haji dekita node, sono mama hipparidasu.
       Foreign body in the esophagus. PTP. We were able to grab it with tweezers and pull it out.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 把持し | はじし | haji shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 把持し | はじし | haji shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 把持する | はじする | haji suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 把持する | はじする | haji suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 把持すれ | はじすれ | haji sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 把持せよ¹ 把持しろ² | はじせよ¹ はじしろ² | haji seyo¹ haji shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 把持される | はじされる | haji sareru |
| Causative | 把持させる 把持さす | はじさせる はじさす | haji saseru haji sasu |
| Potential | 把持できる | はじできる | haji dekiru |
| Volitional | 把持しよう | はじしよう | haji shiyō |
| Negative | 把持しない | はじしない | haji shinai |
| Negative continuative | 把持せず | はじせず | haji sezu |
| Formal | 把持します | はじします | haji shimasu |
| Perfective | 把持した | はじした | haji shita |
| Conjunctive | 把持して | はじして | haji shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 把持すれば | はじすれば | haji sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN