# 壇

| 壇 | U+58C7, &#22727; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58C7 |
| ← 壆 [U+58C6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 壈 → [U+58C8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

壇 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 土卜田一 (GYWM), four-corner 4011$_6$, composition ⿰土亶)
* altar
* arena, examination hall

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 240, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5528
* Dae Jaweon: page 480, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 492, character 12
* Unihan data for U+58C7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 皽 | *tjaʀ, *tanʔ, *tjanʔ |
| 担 | *taːnʔ |
| 胆 | *daːn, *daːn |
| 疸 | *taːnʔ, *taːns |
| 觛 | *taːnʔ, *taːns, *daːnʔ |
| 亶 | *taːnʔ |
| 嬗 | *taːnʔ, *tʰaːn, *djans |
| 笪 | *taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd |
| 狚 | *taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd |
| 旦 | *taːns |
| 鴠 | *taːns |
| 譠 | *tʰaːn, *rteːn |
| 坦 | *tʰaːnʔ |
| 但 | *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns |
| 檀 | *daːn |
| 壇 | *daːn |
| 儃 | *daːn, *djan |
| 驙 | *daːn, *tan |
| 袒 | *daːnʔ, *rdeːns |
| 襢 | *daːnʔ, *tanʔ, *tans |
| 繵 | *daːnʔ |
| 膻 | *daːnʔ |
| 澶 | *daːns, *djan |
| 邅 | *tan, *danʔ, *dans |
| 鱣 | *tan |
| 饘 | *tjan, *tjanʔ |
| 旜 | *tjan |
| 氈 | *tjan |
| 鸇 | *tjan |
| 顫 | *tjans |
| 蟺 | *djanʔ |
| 擅 | *djans |
| 羶 | *hljan |
| 呾 | *taːd, *ʔraːd |
| 怛 | *taːd |
| 妲 | *taːd |
| 靼 | *taːd, *tjad |
| 炟 | *taːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːn) : semantic 土 + phonetic 亶 (OC *taːnʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tán (tan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taan$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thàn
    (Hailu, HRS): tan
* Northern Min (KCR): dǔing
* Eastern Min (BUC): dàng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tân / thân / tôaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): duan$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$de
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tán
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tán
*** Wade–Giles: tʻan$^2$
*** Yale: tán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
*** Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taan$^4$
*** Yale: tàahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: tan$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰan¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: tan
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰan⁵⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǔing
*** Sinological IPA : /tuiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dàng
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tân
*** Tâi-lô: tân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: daan
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tan²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tan¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thân
*** Tâi-lô: thân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: taan
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰan¹³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /tʰan²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tôaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tuânn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dvoaa
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tuã²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tuã¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tuã²⁴/
* tân/thân - literary;
* tôaⁿ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: dan
Rime :
| Character | 壇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒干切 |
| Baxter | dan |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dan/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | taan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]anʔ/, /*[d]ˤan/
    (Zhengzhang): /*daːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 壇 | 壇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shàn | tán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyen$^X$ › | ‹ dan › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]anʔ/ | /*[d]ˁan/ |
| English | leveled area | altar |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 壇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2063 |
| Phonetic component | 旦 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 壇 |
| Old Chinese | /*daːn/ |

### Definitions

壇
* altar (Classifier: 座)
    中華世紀壇／中华世纪坛 ― zhōnghuá shìjì tán ― China Millennium Monument
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Běigōng Shē wèi Wèi Línggōng fùliǎn yǐ wèi zhōng, wèi tán hū guómén zhī wài, sān yuè ér chéng shàngxià zhī xiàn. [Pinyin]
    Beigong She was collecting taxes for Duke Ling of Wei in order to make a set of bells. He built a platform outside the gate of the outer wall, and in the space of three months the bells were completed, both the upper and lower tiers.
* raised plot of land for planting flowers, etc.
    花壇／花坛 ― huātán ― raised flowerbed
* forum; place for giving lectures or speeches
    論壇／论坛 ― lùntán ― forum
* circles
    文壇／文坛 ― wéntán ― literary circles
    體壇／体坛 ― tǐtán ― sports world
* (Cantonese) Classifier for affairs or matters.

### Compounds

* 七星壇／七星坛
* 乩壇／乩坛
* 仙壇／仙坛
* 六祖壇經／六祖坛经 (Liùzǔ Tánjīng)
* 名壇／名坛
* 吟壇／吟坛
* 壇兆／坛兆
* 壇坫／坛坫
* 壇坫週旋／坛坫周旋
* 壇場／坛场 (tánchǎng)
* 壇宇／坛宇
* 天壇／天坛 (Tiāntán)
* 尼壇／尼坛
* 影壇／影坛 (yǐngtán)
* 戒壇／戒坛
* 打沒頭壇／打没头坛 (dǎmòtóután)
* 政壇／政坛 (zhèngtán)
* 文壇／文坛 (wéntán)
* 杏壇／杏坛 (xìngtán)
* 棒壇／棒坛
* 榕壇問業／榕坛问业
* 樂壇／乐坛 (yuètán)
* 模網論壇／模网论坛
* 歌壇／歌坛 (gētán)
* 泳壇／泳坛 (yǒngtán)
* 泰壇／泰坛
* 法壇／法坛
* 海壇／海坛 (Hǎitán)
* 畫壇／画坛 (huàtán)
* 登壇／登坛 (dēngtán)
* 登壇拜將／登坛拜将
* 碑壇／碑坛
* 神壇／神坛 (shéntán)
* 神農壇／神农坛 (Shénnóngtán)
* 祭壇／祭坛 (jìtán)
* 築壇／筑坛
* 築壇拜將／筑坛拜将
* 籃壇／篮坛 (lántán)
* 經壇／经坛
* 網路論壇／网路论坛
* 線上論壇／线上论坛
* 花壇／花坛 (huātán)
* 花壇鄉／花坛乡
* 菊壇／菊坛
* 藝壇／艺坛 (yìtán)
* 詩壇／诗坛 (shītán)
* 論壇／论坛 (lùntán)
* 論壇區／论坛区
* 講壇／讲坛 (jiǎngtán)
* 議壇／议坛
* 趙玄壇／赵玄坛
* 郊壇／郊坛
* 郊壇下窯／郊坛下窑
* 醮壇／醮坛
* 雩壇／雩坛
* 電子論壇／电子论坛
* 韓信登壇／韩信登坛
* 體壇／体坛 (tǐtán)
* 齋壇／斋坛

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 壇(だん) (dan)
* → Korean: 단(壇) (dan)
* → Vietnamese: đàn (壇)

### References

* “壇”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 壇 |
| Kyūjitai | 壇󠄂 壇+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* podium, stage, rostrum, terrace

#### Readings

* Go-on: だん (dan, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kun: たいら (taira, 壇)、ところ (tokoro, 壇)、ば (ba, 壇)

### Proper noun

壇(だん) • (Dan)
* a surname

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 554 (paper), page 327 (digital)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ta̠n]
* Phonetic hangul: [단]

### Hanja

Wikisource 壇 (eumhun 제단 단 (jedan dan))
* hanja form of 제 (“altar”)

#### Compounds

* 제단 (祭壇, jedan, “altar”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

壇: Hán Nôm readings: đàn, đường
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.