# 欲

| 欲 | U+6B32, &#27442; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B32 |
| ← 欱 [U+6B31] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 欳 → [U+6B33] |

## Translingual
### Han character

欲 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 金口弓人 (CRNO), four-corner 8768$_2$, composition ⿰谷欠)

#### Derived characters

* 𭊒, 𧐄, 𧢊, 𬅳, 𠁓, 𱜠, 𢊦, 𭊖, 𫮟, 慾, 𣩭, 螸

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 567, character 36
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16080
* Dae Jaweon: page 956, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2140, character 7
* Unihan data for U+6B32

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 欲 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 螸 | *lo |
| 裕 | *loɡs |
| 容 | *loŋ |
| 溶 | *loŋ, *loŋʔ |
| 鎔 | *loŋ |
| 蓉 | *loŋ |
| 傛 | *loŋ, *loŋʔ |
| 褣 | *loŋ |
| 搈 | *loŋ |
| 瑢 | *loŋ |
| 嵱 | *loŋ |
| 熔 | *loŋ |
| 榕 | *loŋ |
| 塎 | *loŋʔ |
| 谷 | *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ |
| 唂 | *kloːɡ |
| 焀 | *ɡloːɡ |
| 俗 | *ljoɡ |
| 欲 | *loɡ |
| 浴 | *loɡ |
| 鵒 | *loɡ |
| 峪 | *ɦkloːɡ |
| 鋊 | *loɡ |
| 輍 | *loɡ |
| 慾 | *loɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loɡ) : phonetic 谷 (OC *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ) + semantic 欠.

### Etymology 1

Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese လို (lui, “to want; to desire”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ju(w) (“to ask; to request”), whence Tibetan ཞུ (zhu, “to request”) (ibid.).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): juk$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yu̍k
* Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̆k
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): oeh$^7$ / yeh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): io̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iog$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$yoq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: juk$^6$
*** Yale: yuhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: juk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yu̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: iug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯uk̚⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yu̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uk̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̆k
*** Sinological IPA : /yʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: oeh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /œʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: yeh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /yøʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: io̍k
*** Tâi-lô: io̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iog$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: io̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /iok̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$yoq
*** MiniDict: yoh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$hhioq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦioʔ¹²/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit欲 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /y⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /y⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /y⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /y²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /y⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /y³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /y²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /y⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /y¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /y¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /y²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /iəu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /yo³¹/ /y¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /iu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /iu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʐuʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /yəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /yəʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /yʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /yəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦioʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦyəʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /jo²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /iuʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʐəu²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /iəɯ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iuk̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʒot̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jok̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /juk̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jok̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iɔk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /yʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /y⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /iok̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zok̚⁵/ /hau³⁵/ 訓好 |
* Middle Chinese: yowk
Rime :
| Character | 欲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 燭 (8) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 余蜀切 |
| Baxter | yowk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juawk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /iok̚/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭwok̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯wok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | juk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢ(r)ok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*loɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 欲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yowk › |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢ(r)ok/ |
| English | desire (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 欲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4303 |
| Phonetic component | 谷 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 欲 |
| Old Chinese | /*loɡ/ |

#### Definitions

欲
* wish; desire
    口腹之欲 ― kǒufùzhīyù ― desire to eat
    控制欲 ― kòngzhì yù ― desire to control
    權力欲／权力欲 ― quánlì yù ― desire for power
* to wish; to desire; to want
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Gōng yù shàn qí shì, bì xiān lì qí qì. [Pinyin]
    If a workman wishes to do a good job, he must first sharpen his tools.
    Rú géxià yù yǐ diànyóu liánluò zhèngfǔ zīxùn zhōngxīn, qǐng tòuguò wǎngyè: XYZ chuánsòng wèntí. [Pinyin]
    Please send your enquiries and suggestions to the Public Information Centre by email via the homepage: XYZ.
* about to
    搖搖欲墜／摇摇欲坠 ― yáoyáoyùzhuì ― tottering (literally, “shaking or swaying as if about to collapse”)

#### Compounds

* 七情六欲 (qīqíngliùyù)
* 亟欲
* 人欲 (rényù)
* 人欲橫流／人欲横流
* 六欲
* 口腹之欲 (kǒufùzhīyù)
* 可欲
* 含苞欲放
* 呼之欲出 (hūzhīyùchū)
* 哀哀欲絕／哀哀欲绝
* 噴薄欲出／喷薄欲出
* 垂涎欲滴 (chuíxiányùdī)
* 多欲
* 大欲
* 寡欲 (guǎyù)
* 專欲難成／专欲难成
* 山雨欲來／山雨欲来
* 從心所欲／从心所欲 (cóngxīnsuǒyù)
* 恣心所欲
* 恣情縱欲／恣情纵欲
* 恬淡寡欲
* 恬淡無欲／恬淡无欲
* 情欲 (qíngyù)
* 悲痛欲絕／悲痛欲绝 (bēitòngyùjué)
* 意欲 (yìyù)
* 懲忿窒欲／惩忿窒欲
* 我醉欲眠
* 搖搖欲墜／摇摇欲坠 (yáoyáoyùzhuì)
* 昏昏欲睡 (hūnhūnyùshuì)
* 暢所欲言／畅所欲言 (chàngsuǒyùyán)
* 望眼欲穿 (wàngyǎnyùchuān)
* 欲不可從／欲不可从
* 欲加之罪，何患無辭／欲加之罪，何患无辞 (yù jiā zhī zuì, hé huàn wú cí)
* 欲取固與／欲取固与
* 欲哭無淚／欲哭无泪 (yùkūwúlèi)
* 欲塹／欲堑
* 欲壑難填／欲壑难填
* 欲壑難飽／欲壑难饱
* 欲就還推／欲就还推
* 欲待 (yùdài)
* 欲念 (yùniàn)
* 欲振乏力
* 欲擒故縱／欲擒故纵 (yùqíngùzòng)
* 欲望 (yùwàng)
* 欲海
* 欲深谿壑
* 欲炙之色
* 欲界 (yùjiè)
* 欲益反損／欲益反损
* 欲罷不能／欲罢不能
* 欲蓋彌彰／欲盖弥彰 (yùgàimízhāng)
* 欲言又止 (yùyányòuzhǐ)
* 欲語還休／欲语还休
* 欲說還休／欲说还休
* 毚欲
* 泫然欲泣
* 清貧寡欲／清贫寡欲
* 清靜寡欲／清静寡欲
* 渴欲
* 澹泊寡欲
* 為所欲為／为所欲为 (wéisuǒyùwéi)
* 無欲則剛／无欲则刚
* 物欲 (wùyù)
* 痛不欲生 (tòngbùyùshēng)
* 禁欲 (jìnyù)
* 禁欲主義／禁欲主义 (jìnyùzhǔyì)
* 私欲 (sīyù)
* 窒欲
* 窮奢極欲／穷奢极欲
* 縱情恣欲／纵情恣欲
* 縱情遂欲／纵情遂欲
* 縱欲／纵欲 (zòngyù)
* 耳目之欲
* 蠢蠢欲動／蠢蠢欲动 (chǔnchǔnyùdòng)
* 貪欲／贪欲 (tānyù)
* 躍躍欲試／跃跃欲试 (yuèyuèyùshì)
* 逸欲
* 隨心所欲／随心所欲 (suíxīnsuǒyù)
* 震耳欲聾／震耳欲聋 (zhèn'ěryùlóng)
* 飄飄欲仙／飘飘欲仙 (piāopiāoyùxiān)
* 饞涎欲垂／馋涎欲垂
* 饞涎欲滴／馋涎欲滴 (chánxiányùdī)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 欲 – see 慾 (“desire; lust”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 慾).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 3

From the grammaticalization of 發 (OC *pad, “to send out; to go forth; to proceed”) (Tu, 2017).

#### Pronunciation

* Eastern Min (BUC): buóh
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): boh$^6$ / buoh$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): beh / berh / boeh / boh
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: buóh
*** Sinological IPA : /puɔʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: boh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: buoh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /puoʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Hsinchu, Taichung, Philippines, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: beh
*** Tâi-lô: beh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: beq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Kaohsiung): /beʔ³²/
*** IPA (Yilan): /beʔ²/
*** IPA (Philippines, Jinjiang): /beʔ⁵/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: berh
*** Tâi-lô: berh
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /bəʔ⁵/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /bəʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boeh
*** Tâi-lô: bueh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boeq
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /bueʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Hui'an, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boh
*** Tâi-lô: boh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boiq
*** IPA (Hui'an): /boʔ⁴/

#### Definitions

欲
* (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Hainanese, Puxian Min) to want (to do)
       Lí beh kah góa khì tô͘-su-koán bô? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       Do you want to go to the library with me?
    From: 金岛乐团, lyrics by 卢海清, 琼海溜
    Where do you want to go?
* (Hokkien) to wish to have or keep
       Góa beh sin ê chheh. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       I want a new book.
* (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Puxian Min) about to
       Beh lo̍h-hō͘--ah, lán tio̍h chhut-khì siu-saⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       It's about to rain! Let's go out to bring in the laundry.
    From: 《天烏烏》 (Hokkien nursery rhyme)
    Thiⁿ o͘-o͘, beh lo̍h-hō͘. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The sky is dark; it seems like it will rain.
* (Hokkien, Hainanese, Puxian Min) if (an adverb expressing assumptions)
       Beh góa, góa tō ē khah-chá khùn. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       If I were you, I would've slept earlier.
       boh$^6$ si$^5$ i$^1$ ziu$^5$ ho$^3$ lo$^0$. [Pouseng Ping'ing]
       It would be great if it was him/her.
* (Puxian Min) Used to express the coexistence of several conditions or qualities; both ... and ...
* (Puxian Min) but; on the other hand
* (Puxian Min) almost; nearly

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 欲$_1$ |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 要, 欲$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 要 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 要, 想 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 要 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 要 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 要 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 要 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 要 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 要 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 要 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 要 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 要 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 要 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 要, 想 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 要, 想 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 愛 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 愛 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 要, 想, 愛 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 要, 想 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 要 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 愛 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) | 愛 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 愛 |
| Hakka | Zijin | 愛 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 愛 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 愛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 愛 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 愛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 愛 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 愛, 討 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 愛 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 要 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 讓 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 愛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 愛, 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 欲$_3$, 愛 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | 愛 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 愛 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 愛 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 愛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 愛 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 欲$_3$ |
| Wu | Shanghai | 要 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 要 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 愛 |
| Wu | Lishui | 樂 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 要 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 要 |
* (to wish to have or keep): 要 (yāo); (Hokkien) 欲挃
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 若, 假, 如, 使, 令, 苟, 向, 向使, 向令, 假令, 假使, 誠, 誠使, 倘, 儻, 當使 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 若, 如, 如果, 若果, 果若, 假如, 假若, 假使, 假設, 倘若, 倘或, 倘然, 倘使, 若是, 若然, 設若, 設使, 設令, 設或, 設 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 要是, 要 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 要是, 要, 如果 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 如果 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 如果 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 要是 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 要是 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 要是, 假比 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 要是 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 要是, 要, 假使 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 要是, 倘此, 倘倘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 如果, 若果, 若然, 假使間 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 如果, 若果, 若然, 若然之, 假使, 假使間, 假如 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 假如 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 如果, 假使 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 設若 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 如果 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 如果 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 要是, 若是 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 假使 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 係話, 若係, 如果 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 若果, 係講, 係話 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 係講, 若係, 假使 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 係講, 係準, 係準講, 準講, 準假, 係若, 若係, 假使, 假詐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 係講, 若係, 假使 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 準講, 可比, 假使, 係講, 若係, 若係講, 準若講 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 係講, 若係, 假使 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 若係講, 假使, 若講, 係講, 若係 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 假使 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 要是 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 來是, 如果 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 來是, 如果 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 儷是, 若還 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 設使, 若是, 若, 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是, 甲若, 甲若是 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 設使, 若是, 若, 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 設使, 若是, 若, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是, 甲若, 甲若是 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 若是, 若準, 若, 假使, 設使 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 若是, 若準 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 若是 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 若是, 若, 假使 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 若是 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 如果 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 若, 若是 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 若是 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 但見, 欲 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 麼是, 設如, 設使 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 要是, 如果, 假使, 倘然, 倘使, 是得 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 要, 如果 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 若是, 若 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 要是 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 要是, 要此 |

#### Compounds

* 咧欲 (teh-beh, teh-boeh, tih-beh, tih-boeh)
* 嘛欲 (mā beh, mā boeh)
* 強欲／强欲 (kiōng-beh, kiōng-boeh)
* 拄欲 (tú beh, tú boeh)
* 春天後母面，欲變一時間／春天后母面，欲变一时间 (chhun-thiⁿ āu-bú bīn, beh piàn chi̍t sî-kan)
* 欲准毋
* 欲呢 (beh-nî, boeh-nî)
* 欲好
* 欲好命
* 欲挃
* 欲是
* 欲晝仔／欲昼仔 (beh-tàu-á)
* 欲暗仔 (beh-àm-á, boeh-àm-á)
* 欲死
* 欲死欲死
* 欲死欲活
* 欲汰
* 欲汰討／欲汰讨
* 欲無／欲无
* 欲知 (beh-tsai, boeh-tsai)
* 欲知
* 活欲 (oa̍h-beh)
* 無欲／无欲 (bô-beh)
* 當欲／当欲 (tng-berh, tng-beh, tng-boeh)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Eastern Min (BUC): ó̤i
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ain$^3$
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ó̤i
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔy²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ài
*** Tâi-lô: ài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: aix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ai²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ai¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ai²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ain$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: àiⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /ãĩ²¹³/

#### Definitions

欲
* (Eastern Min, Southern Min) Alternative form of 愛／爱
** (Eastern Min, Hokkien) to like
** (Teochew) to want (an object)
** (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Teochew) to want (to do); to wish
** (Hokkien, Teochew) to need to; must
** (Teochew) about to
** (Eastern Min, Hokkien) to be prone; to be easy to

### See also

* 要 (yào)

### References

* “Query for 欲”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “欲”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 54.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* want

#### Readings

* Go-on: よく (yoku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: よく (yoku, Jōyō)
* Kun: ほしい (hoshii, 欲しい, Jōyō)、ほっする (hossuru, 欲する, Jōyō)、ほりす (horisu, 欲す)

#### Usage notes

This character was sometimes used to phonetically transcribe the Old Japanese word for “night” (yo). [cf. Manyōshū : 4134]

#### Compounds

* 愛(あい)欲(よく) (aiyoku)
* 強(ごう)欲(よく) (gōyoku)
* 色(しき)欲(よく) (shikiyoku)
* 食(しょく)欲(よく) (shokuyoku)
* 性(せい)欲(よく) (seiyoku)
* 大(たい)欲(よく) (taiyoku)
* 物(ぶつ)欲(よく) (butsuyoku)
* 無(む)欲(よく) (muyoku)
* 名(めい)誉(よ)欲(よく) (meiyoyoku)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 欲
* よく Grade: 6
* Alternative spelling
* 慾
Attested from the thirteenth century.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) よく [yòkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [jo̞kɯ̟]

#### Noun

欲(よく) • (yoku)
* desire, a want, that which is wanted
    Synonym: 欲望 (yokubō)
    欲(よく)を言(い)うと
       yoku o iu to
       ideally; if one were to ask for one's desire
* greed, avarice
    Synonym: 強欲 (gōyoku)
    欲(よく)の塊(かたまり)
       yoku no katamari
       greed incarnate; a lump of avarice
* ambition, will
    Synonym: 意欲 (iyoku)
    欲(よく)を出(だ)せ
       yoku o dase
       aim high; show ambition

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

欲 (eumhun 바랄 욕 (baral yok))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

欲: Hán Nôm readings: dục, giục
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.