# 徘徊
## Chinese
### Etymology

A reduplicative, ideophonic compound in Old Chinese.
Compare 婓婓 (OC *pʰɯl pʰɯl, “coming and going”), 回回 (OC *ɡuːl ɡuːl, “revolving; turning”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): páihuái, páihuí
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄞˊ ㄏㄨㄞˊ, ㄆㄞˊ ㄏㄨㄟˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pui$^4$ wui$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): bài-*huòi / bài-*huài
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pâi-hôe / pâi-hoâi / pâi-hâi
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$be-we
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: páihuái
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄞˊ ㄏㄨㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: páihuái
*** Wade–Giles: pʻai$^2$-huai$^2$
*** Yale: pái-hwái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pairhwai
*** Palladius: пайхуай (pajxuaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaɪ̯³⁵ xu̯aɪ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: páihuí
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄞˊ ㄏㄨㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: páihuéi
*** Wade–Giles: pʻai$^2$-hui$^2$
*** Yale: pái-hwéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pairhwei
*** Palladius: пайхуэй (pajxuej)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaɪ̯³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pui$^4$ wui$^4$
*** Yale: pùih wùih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pui$^4$ wui$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pui$^4$ wui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuːi̯²¹ wuːi̯²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bài-*huòi / bài-*huài
*** Sinological IPA : /pai⁵³⁻³³ hui⁵³/, /pai⁵³⁻³³ huai⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâi-hôe
*** Tâi-lô: pâi-huê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pai'hoee
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pai²³⁻³³ hue²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pai²⁴⁻¹¹ hue²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pai¹³⁻²² hue¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /pai²⁴⁻²² hue²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâi-hoâi
*** Tâi-lô: pâi-huâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pai'hoaai
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pai²³⁻³³ huai²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pai²⁴⁻¹¹ huai²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâi-hâi
*** Tâi-lô: pâi-hâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pai'haai
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pai²³⁻³³ hai²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pai²⁴⁻¹¹ hai²⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$be-we
*** MiniDict: be$^去$ we
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$be-hhue
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /be²² ɦue⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: bwoj hwoj
Rime :
| Character | 徘 | 徊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 薄回切 | 戸恢切 |
| Baxter | bwoj | hwoj |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /buʌi/ | /ɦuʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /buoi/ | /ɦuoi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /buɒi/ | /ɣuɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bwəj/ | /ɦwəj/ |
| Li Rong | /buᴀi/ | /ɣuᴀi/ |
| Wang Li | /buɒi/ | /ɣuɒi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱuɑ̆i/ | /ɣuɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | péi | huí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pui$^4$ | wui$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*buːl ɡuːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 徘 | 徊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3072 | 5444 |
| Phonetic component | 非 | 回 |
| Rime group | 微 | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 裴 | 回 |
| Old Chinese | /*buːl/ | /*ɡuːl/ |

### Verb

徘徊
* to pace back and forth; to walk to and fro; to wander
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Xú páihuái yú shān'ē xī, piāofēng lái zhī xiōngxiōng. [Pinyin]
    Threading my way round the curves of the mountains, Till the whirlwind came with blusterous roaring.
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Yīnyuè bóyǎn wú zhōngjí xī, yān jí shì yǐ páihuái. [Pinyin]
    The music swelled and swelled into infinity, After that I left them and resumed my wandering.
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Dàn páihuái yú chángbǎn xī, xī pánghuáng ér dúsù. [Pinyin]
    In the morning I wander on the long hill's bluff; In the evening I fearfully go to my lone rest.
* (figurative) to linger; to hover around; to be reluctant to leave
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Xúfēng zhì ér páihuái xī, jífēng guò zhī tāngtāng. [Pinyin]
    The soft wind blew in uncertain eddies; The wild wind passed with a rushing blast.
** 2017, “猶原是你”, in 陳英吉 (lyrics), 黄俊銘 (music), 原色, performed by 溫瀚龍:
       kòe-khì chhian-giân-bān-gí pâi-hôe hīⁿ-khang-piⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       Myriads of words of the past linger by my year
* (figurative) to hesitate; to dither; to waver
* (figurative) to oscillate; to fluctuate; to vary (between two values)

#### Synonyms

* (to pace back and forth):
* 彷徨 (pánghuáng)
* 盤旋／盘旋 (pánxuán)
* 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán)
* 走來走去／走来走去 (zǒuláizǒuqù)
* 踟躕／踟蹰 (chíchú)
* 躑躅／踯躅 (zhízhú)
* (to hesitate):
* 反顧／反顾 (fǎngù) (literary)
* 彳亍 (chìchù) (literary, figurative)
* 彷徨 (pánghuáng) (figurative)
* 拿不定主意 (nábùdìng zhǔyì)
* 游移 (yóuyí)
* 猶疑／犹疑 (yóuyí)
* 猶豫／犹豫 (yóuyù)
* 疑蟯／疑蛲 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán) (figurative)
* 膩／腻 (nyi$^4$) (Sichuanese)
* 躊躇／踌躇 (chóuchú)
* 巡巡 (xúnxún) (literary)
* 逡巡 (qūnxún) (literary)
* 遲疑／迟疑 (chíyí)

#### Derived terms

* 弭節徘徊／弭节徘徊
* 徘徊不前
* 徘徊不定
* 徘徊歧路
* 徘徊花
* 徘徊菊
* 徘徊觀望／徘徊观望
* 徘徊輿／徘徊舆
* 歧路徘徊
* 觀望徘徊／观望徘徊

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 徘徊(はいかい) (haikai)
* → Korean: 배회(徘徊) (baehoe)
* → Vietnamese: bồi hồi (徘徊)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 徘 | 徊 |
| はい Hyōgai | かい Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はいかい [hàíkáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠ika̠i]

### Noun

徘(はい)徊(かい) • (haikai)
* prowling

### Verb

徘(はい)徊(かい)する • (haikai suru) suru (stem 徘(はい)徊(かい)し (haikai shi), past 徘(はい)徊(かい)した (haikai shita))
* to prowl, to wander, to loiter

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 徘徊し | はいかいし | haikai shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 徘徊し | はいかいし | haikai shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 徘徊する | はいかいする | haikai suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 徘徊する | はいかいする | haikai suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 徘徊すれ | はいかいすれ | haikai sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 徘徊せよ¹ 徘徊しろ² | はいかいせよ¹ はいかいしろ² | haikai seyo¹ haikai shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 徘徊される | はいかいされる | haikai sareru |
| Causative | 徘徊させる 徘徊さす | はいかいさせる はいかいさす | haikai saseru haikai sasu |
| Potential | 徘徊できる | はいかいできる | haikai dekiru |
| Volitional | 徘徊しよう | はいかいしよう | haikai shiyō |
| Negative | 徘徊しない | はいかいしない | haikai shinai |
| Negative continuative | 徘徊せず | はいかいせず | haikai sezu |
| Formal | 徘徊します | はいかいします | haikai shimasu |
| Perfective | 徘徊した | はいかいした | haikai shita |
| Conjunctive | 徘徊して | はいかいして | haikai shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 徘徊すれば | はいかいすれば | haikai sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 徘 | 徊 |

### Noun

徘徊 • (baehoe) (hangeul 배회)
* hanja form of 배회 (“prowling; loitering”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 徘 | 徊 |

### Adjective

徘徊
* chữ Hán form of bồi hồi (“uneasy; restless; ill at ease; anxious”).