# 宗教
## Chinese

* 宗教 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 宗教 (Cantonese)
* 宗教 (Classical)
* 宗教 (Gan)
* chûng-kau (Hakka)
* cŭng-gáu (Eastern Min)
* chong-kàu (Southern Min)
* 宗教 (Wu)

### Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 宗(しゅう)教(きょう) (shūkyō).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zōngjiào
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^1$ gaau$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chûng-kau
* Eastern Min (BUC): cŭng-gáu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chong-kàu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zong$^1$ ga$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tson-ciau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zōngjiào
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zongjiào
*** Wade–Giles: tsung$^1$-chiao$^4$
*** Yale: dzūng-jyàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzongjiaw
*** Palladius: цзунцзяо (czunczjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^1$ gaau$^3$
*** Yale: jūng gaau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^1$ gaau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^1$ gao$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kaːu̯³³/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$中校 宗教
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng-kau
*** Hakka Romanization System: zung$^ˊ$ gau
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zung$^1$ gau$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kau̯⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cŭng-gáu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(k-)}$ŋɑu²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chong-kàu
*** Tâi-lô: tsong-kàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zongkaux
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kau²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ³³ kau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kau²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kau¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kau²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zong$^1$ ga$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsong kà
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ ka²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tson-ciau
*** MiniDict: tson$^平$ ciau
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tson-jiau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

### Noun

宗教
* religion; the sacred
    信仰宗教 ― xìnyǎng zōngjiào ― to have religious faith
    宗教教育 ― zōngjiào jiàoyù ― religious education
    民族宗教 ― mínzú zōngjiào ― ethnoreligious
       shìsú hé zōngjiào zhījiān de guānxì [Pinyin]
       the relationship between the secular and the sacred

#### Synonyms

* (Dungan) 教門／教门

#### Derived terms

* 天啟宗教／天启宗教 (tiānqǐ zōngjiào)
* 宗教信仰 (zōngjiào xìnyǎng)
* 宗教學／宗教学 (zōngjiàoxué)
* 宗教徒 (zōngjiàotú)
* 宗教戰爭／宗教战争 (zōngjiào zhànzhēng)
* 宗教派 (zōngjiàopài)
* 宗教自由 (zōngjiào zìyóu)
* 新興宗教／新兴宗教 (xīnxīng zōngjiào)
* 有組織宗教／有组织宗教 (yǒuzǔzhī zōngjiào)
* 無宗教／无宗教 (wúzōngjiào)

### References

* ↑ 汉语外来词词典 [Chinese Loanword Dictionary] (in Chinese), 1984, page 410

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 宗 | 教 |
| しゅう Grade: 6 | きょう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From 宗 (shū, “sect”) + 教 (kyō, “doctrine, teaching”).
From two of the five Buddhist principles for interpreting sutras: 五重玄義 (literally “five-fold black reading”), namely 名 (myō, “name; title”), 体 (tai, “form”), 宗 (shū, “sect”), 用 (yū, “use”) and 教 (kyō, “teaching”). The literal interpretation is ambiguous, either 宗と教 (literally “sect and teaching”) or 宗の教 (literally “sectarian teaching”). Used as a translation of the western Christocentric concept of English religion in response to Western encroachment as well as in efforts to modernize Japan. Earlier alternative translations included 宗法 (shūhō), 宗旨 (shūshi) and 法教 (hōkyō).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゅうきょー [shúꜜùkyòò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕɨːkʲo̞ː]
* (Kyoto) しゅー​きょー [shùúꜜkyòò] (Teiki)

### Noun

宗(しゅう)教(きょう) • (shūkyō)
* religion

#### Derived terms

* 無(む)宗(しゅう)教(きょう) (mushūkyō, “irreligion, no religious affiliation”)
* 宗(しゅう)教(きょう)学(がく) (shūkyōgaku, “religiology, religious studies”)

#### Related terms

* 教(きょう)祖(そ) (kyōso)
* 宗(しゅう)派(は) (shūha, “religious sect”)

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 宗教 (zōngjiào)
* → Korean: 종교 (jonggyo)
* → Vietnamese: tôn giáo

### References

* 1 2 “しゅう‐きょう［‥ケウ］ 【宗教】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ 汉语外来词词典 [Chinese Loanword Dictionary] (in Chinese), 1984, page 410

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 宗 | 教 |

### Noun

宗教 • (jonggyo) (hangeul 종교)
* Alternative form of 宗敎 (“religion”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 宗 | 教 |

### Noun

宗教
* chữ Hán form of tôn giáo (“religion”).