# 惡人
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): èrén
    (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ok$^3$ jan$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'ngoh$^6$ nyin$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ok-ngìn
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ok-lâng
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): aak$^2$ njan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: èrén
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: èrén
*** Wade–Giles: o$^4$-jên$^2$
*** Yale: è-rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ehren
*** Palladius: эжэнь (ežɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ok$^3$ jan$^4$
*** Yale: ok yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ok$^8$ jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: og$^3$ yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔːk̚³ jɐn²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'ngoh$^6$ nyin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈŋɔʔ⁵ n̠ʲin³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ok-ngìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: og$^ˋ$ ngin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: og$^5$ ngin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ok̚² ŋin¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok-lâng
*** Tâi-lô: ok-lâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oklaang
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁵ laŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²³/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: aak$^2$ njan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ak̚³³ ɲən²¹/
* Middle Chinese: 'ak nyin
Rime :
| Character | 惡 | 人 |
| Reading # | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 烏各切 | 如鄰切 |
| Baxter | 'ak | nyin |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɑk̚/ | /ȵiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɑk̚/ | /ȵin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɑk̚/ | /ȵʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔak̚/ | /ȵin/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔɑk̚/ | /ȵiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ɑk̚/ | /ȵʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔɑk̚/ | /ȵʑi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | e | rén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ok$^3$ | jan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤak ni[ŋ]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qaːɡ njin/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 惡 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | è | rén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔak › | ‹ nyin › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔˁak/ | /*ni[ŋ]/ |
| English | bad, ugly | (other) person |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 惡 | 人 |
| Reading # | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14220 | 10800 |
| Phonetic component | 亞 | 人 |
| Rime group | 鐸 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 惡 | 仁 |
| Old Chinese | /*qaːɡ/ | /*njin/ |
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “Jin”

#### Noun

惡人
* bad person; vile creature; villain
    From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
    Jiàn èrén, wú jiù. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Bù lì yú èrén zhī cháo, bù yǔ èrén yán; lì yú èrén zhī cháo, yǔ èrén yán, rú yǐ cháoyī cháoguān zuò yú tútàn. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* one who offends others; one who causes themselves to be disliked (by being outspoken, etc.)
    From: Shi Nai'an, Water Margin, circa 14th century CE
    Jìrán xiōngdì zhèbān shuō le, wǒ méi láiyóu zuò shénme èrén. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (Classical) ugly person
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Wèi yǒu èrén yān, yuē Āitáitā. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Suī yǒu èrén, zhāijiè mùyù, zé kě yǐ sì Shàngdì. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

##### Synonyms

* (bad person):
* 兇徒／凶徒 (xiōngtú)
* 壞人／坏人 (huàirén)
* 壞人子／坏人子 (fai$^5$ ren$^2$ zr) (Xiang)
* 壞分子／坏分子 (huàifènzǐ)
* 壞蛋／坏蛋 (huàidàn) (derogatory)
* 姦人／奸人 (jiānrén)
* 孬人 (mo$^2$ nang$^5$) (Teochew)
* 宄 (guǐ) (literary)
* 惡徒／恶徒 (ètú)
* 拐家伙 (guai$^3$ jia$^1$ ho) (Xiang)
* 歹人 (dǎirén)
* 歹囝 (Hokkien)
* 歹徒 (dǎitú)
* 海賊／海贼 (hāi-*chĕk) (Eastern Min)
* 衰人 (seoi$^1$ jan$^4$) (Cantonese)

##### Derived terms

* 惡人先告狀／恶人先告状 (èrén xiān gàozhuàng)
* 惡人無膽／恶人无胆
* 惡人自有惡人磨／恶人自有恶人磨
* 惡馬惡人騎／恶马恶人骑
* 惡馬自有惡人騎／恶马自有恶人骑
* 鬼怕惡人／鬼怕恶人

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 悪人(あくにん) (akunin)
* → Korean: 악인(惡人) (agin)
* → Vietnamese: ác nhân (惡人)

#### Verb

惡人
* (dialectal Jin) to anger someone; to offend others; to frame others

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ok--lâng
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok--lâng
*** Tâi-lô: ok--lâng

#### Verb

惡人
* (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to scold someone in a brutal manner

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 惡 | 人 |
| あく Jinmeiyō | にん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 惡人 – see the following entry. :
| 【悪人あくにん】 | [noun] bad person; villain |
(This term, 惡人, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 惡 | 人 |

### Noun

惡人 • (agin) (hangeul 악인)
* hanja form of 악인 (“bad person; villain; evildoer”)