# 怠

| 怠 | U+6020, &#24608; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6020 |
| ← 怟 [U+601F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 怡 → [U+6021] |

## Translingual
### Han character

怠 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈口心 (IRP) or 難戈口心 (XIRP), four-corner 2333$_6$, composition ⿱台心)

#### Derived characters

* 𠷂, 𫺭, 𢰾, 𪶩, 𭵟, 𬓐, 𧜐, 緿, 𮧢, 𫛋, 𰱥, 䈚, 𱟅, 𤸊, 𠕡

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 381, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10469
* Dae Jaweon: page 709, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2283, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6020

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 胎 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 台 | *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ |
| 邰 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 鮐 | *l̥ʰɯː, *lɯ |
| 孡 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 苔 | *l'ɯː |
| 抬 | *l'ɯː |
| 駘 | *l'ɯː, *l'ɯːʔ |
| 炱 | *l'ɯː |
| 菭 | *l'ɯː, *l'i |
| 跆 | *l'ɯː |
| 殆 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 怠 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 迨 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 紿 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 詒 | *l'ɯːʔ, *lɯ |
| 軩 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 咍 | *hlɯː |
| 佁 | *lɯːʔ, *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ |
| 枲 | *slɯʔ |
| 辝 | *ljɯ |
| 鈶 | *ljɯʔ |
| 笞 | *l̥ʰɯ |
| 齝 | *l̥ʰɯ, *hljɯ |
| 眙 | *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯ |
| 治 | *l'ɯ, *l'ɯs, *l'is |
| 始 | *hljɯʔ |
| 怡 | *lɯ |
| 貽 | *lɯ |
| 飴 | *lɯ |
| 瓵 | *lɯ |
| 珆 | *li |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'ɯːʔ) : phonetic 台 (OC *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dài (dai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): toi$^5$ / doi$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tāi / tǎi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dai$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dài
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dài
*** Wade–Giles: tai$^4$
*** Yale: dài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: day
*** Palladius: дай (daj)
*** Sinological IPA : /taɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: toi$^5$ / doi$^6$
*** Yale: tóih / doih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: toi$^5$ / doi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: toi$^5$ / doi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔːi̯¹³/, /tɔːi̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi
*** Tâi-lô: tāi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dai
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tai³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tai²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǎi
*** Tâi-lô: tǎi
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tai²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dai$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tăi
*** Sinological IPA : /tai³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dojX
Rime :
| Character | 怠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒亥切 |
| Baxter | dojX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dʌi$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dəi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɒi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /dᴀi$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /dɒi$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑ̆i$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | doi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 怠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ doj$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁəʔ/ |
| English | idle, negligent |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 怠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12273 |
| Phonetic component | 台 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 駘 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'ɯːʔ/ |

### Definitions

怠
* idle; lazy; negligent
* disrespectful
* (literary) weary; exhausted

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 懶, 惰, 懈, 怠 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 懶惰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 懶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 懶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 懶, 懶惰 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 懶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 懶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 懶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 懶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 懶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 懶 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 懶, 蛇 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 懶, 蛇 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 懶 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 懶 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 懶 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 懶 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 懶, 懶屍 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 懶屍 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 懶屍 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 懶屍 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 懶屍 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 懶屍 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 懶屍 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 懶屍 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 懶 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 惰 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 懶, 懶屍, 懶漢, 二婿 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 貧惰, 臭惰, 懶屍, 荏懶, 懶賤, 漚肉 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 貧惰, 臭惰, 荏懶, 臭肉, 漚肉 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 貧惰, 臭惰, 懶屍, 荏懶, 想死, 懶賤, 漚肉, 屎礐蟲 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 荏懶, 貧惰, 懶屍 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 荏懶, 貧惰, 懶屍 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 荏懶, 貧惰, 懶屍 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 荏懶, 貧惰, 懶屍 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 貧惰 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 貧惰 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 荏懶, 貧惰, 懶屍 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 貧惰 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 貧惰 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 貧惰 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 荏懶, 貧惰 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 荏懶, 貧惰 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 貧惰, 荏懶, 臭惰, 臭骨 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 惰 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 惰 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 惰 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 惰 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 惰 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 惰 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 懶 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 懶, 懶怕 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 懶 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 懶 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 懶 |

### Compounds

* 倨傲怠慢
* 倦怠 (juàndài)
* 孜孜不怠
* 怠倦
* 怠工 (dàigōng)
* 怠廢 / 怠废
* 怠忽
* 怠忽職守 / 怠忽职守
* 怠息
* 怠惰 (dàiduò)
* 怠慢 (dàimàn)
* 怠散
* 怠玩
* 怠緩 / 怠缓
* 怠駛 / 怠驶
* 意怠
* 懈怠 (xièdài)
* 懶怠 / 懒怠
* 荒怠
* 豫怠
* 輕怠 / 轻怠

### References

* “怠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* neglect
* laziness

#### Readings

* Go-on: だい (dai)
* Kan-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
* Kun: おこたる (okotaru, 怠る, Jōyō)、なまける (namakeru, 怠ける, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 怠(なま)け者(もの) (namakemono)
* 懈怠(かいたい) (kaitai), 懈(け)怠(たい) (ketai), 懈(け)怠(だい) (kedai)

## Korean
### Hanja

怠 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay)
* lazy
* neglect

## Vietnamese
### Han character

怠: Hán Nôm readings: đãi
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation