# 綜

| 綜 | U+7D9C, &#32156; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D9C |
| ← 綛 [U+7D9B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 綝 → [U+7D9D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

綜 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火十一火 (VFJMF), four-corner 2399$_1$, composition ⿰糹宗)

#### Derived characters

* 𥵹

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 926, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27535
* Dae Jaweon: page 1363, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3419, character 8
* Unihan data for U+7D9C

## Bailang
### Etymology

Related to Burmese ဆောင်း (hcaung:, “winter”).

### Noun

綜 (*tsoungh)
* winter

### References

* Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎, volume 103, pages 386—429

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 淙 | *zuːŋ, *sruːŋs, *zuːŋ |
| 鬃 | *zuːŋ, *ʔsoːŋ, *zuːŋ |
| 漴 | *zruːŋs |
| 粽 | *ʔsoːŋs |
| 宗 | *ʔsuːŋ |
| 倧 | *ʔsuːŋ |
| 綜 | *ʔsuːŋs |
| 錝 | *ʔsuːŋs |
| 賨 | *zuːŋ |
| 琮 | *zuːŋ |
| 悰 | *zuːŋ |
| 孮 | *zuːŋ |
| 誴 | *zuːŋ |
| 崇 | *zruŋ |
| 崈 | *zruŋ |
| 踪 | *ʔsoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsuːŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zōng, zòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥ, ㄗㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung$^3$ / zung$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): duung$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chûng
* Northern Min (KCR): có̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): cūng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zong$^1$ / zong$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tson
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zong
*** Wade–Giles: tsung$^1$
*** Yale: dzūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzong
*** Palladius: цзун (czun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zòng
*** Wade–Giles: tsung$^4$
*** Yale: dzùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq
*** Palladius: цзун (czun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^3$ / zung$^1$
*** Yale: jung / jūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^3$ / dzung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^3$ / zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ³³/, /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: duung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɵŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: zung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: có̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cūng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chong
*** Tâi-lô: tsong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zofng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zong$^1$ / zong$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsong / tsòng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡soŋ³³/, /t͡soŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tson
*** MiniDict: tson$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tson
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soŋ³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsowngH
Rime :
| Character | 綜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 冬 (5) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 子宋切 |
| Baxter | tsowngH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡suoŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡suoŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡soŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sawŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡soŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡suoŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡suoŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-t]ˤuŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 綜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zòng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsowng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s-t]ˁuŋ-s/ |
| English | collect (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 綜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17894 |
| Phonetic component | 宗 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 綜 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsuːŋs/ |

#### Definitions

綜
* to put together; to assemble; to gather
* to synthesize; to sum up
* to manage; to administer
* to be proficient in
* Classifier for threads or hairs: strand
* to become crumpled; to crease

#### Compounds

* 參綜／参综
* 綜上所述／综上所述 (zōngshàngsuǒshù)
* 綜合／综合 (zōnghé)
* 綜合圖／综合图
* 綜合報導／综合报导 (zōnghé bàodǎo)
* 綜合存款／综合存款
* 綜合性／综合性
* 綜合藝術／综合艺术
* 綜合語／综合语 (zōnghéyǔ)
* 綜合銀行／综合银行
* 綜合體／综合体
* 綜括／综括 (zōngkuò)
* 綜攬／综揽
* 綜核／综核
* 綜核名實／综核名实
* 綜理／综理
* 綜藝團／综艺团
* 綜藝節目／综艺节目 (zōngyì jiémù)
* 綜觀／综观 (zōngguān)
* 綜論／综论
* 綜述／综述 (zōngshù)
* 綜鼻兒／综鼻儿
* 織綜／织综
* 複綜語／复综语
* 詞綜／词综
* 錯綜／错综 (cuòzōng)
* 錯綜複雜／错综复杂 (cuòzōngfùzá)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zèng, zòng (zeng$^4$, zong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄥˋ, ㄗㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): duung$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zèng
*** Wade–Giles: tsêng$^4$
*** Yale: dzèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzenq
*** Palladius: цзэн (czɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɤŋ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zòng
*** Wade–Giles: tsung$^4$
*** Yale: dzùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq
*** Palladius: цзун (czun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^3$
*** Yale: jung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: duung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɵŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsowngH
Rime :
| Character | 綜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 冬 (5) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 子宋切 |
| Baxter | tsowngH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡suoŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡suoŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡soŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sawŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡soŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡suoŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡suoŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-t]ˤuŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 綜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zòng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsowng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s-t]ˁuŋ-s/ |
| English | collect (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 綜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17894 |
| Phonetic component | 宗 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 綜 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsuːŋs/ |

#### Definitions

綜
* heddle (on a loom)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* rule
* synthesize

#### Readings

* Go-on: そ (so)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
* Kun: おさめる (osameru, 綜める)、すべる (suberu, 綜べる)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 綜
* あぜ Jinmeiyō
* irregular
First attested in the Myōgoki (1275); of uncertain origin; but one theory suggests cognancy with 畔・畦 (aze).

### Noun

綜(あぜ) • (aze)
* [from 1275] (obsolete or Chūgoku) a heddle, a tool for separating out warp threads
    Synonym: 綜絖 (sōkō)

### References

* ↑ “あぜ 【綜】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean
### Hanja

綜 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

綜: Hán Nôm readings: tổng, tống
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.