# 班

| 班 | U+73ED, &#29677; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-73ED |
| ← 珬 [U+73EC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 珮 → [U+73EE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

班 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一土戈中土 (MGILG), four-corner 1111$_4$, composition ⿲𤣩刂王 or ⿴玨刂)

#### Derived characters

* 㿀 𠺚 𢲔 𣗝 𨫄 𩺡 𩔮 𪄕(𪉒) 𦶾 𠞢 𪱟 𬂇 𭨞 𮚽

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 731, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20976
* Dae Jaweon: page 1142, character 29
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1113, character 3
* Unihan data for U+73ED

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 班 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 班 | *praːn |
| 斑 | *praːn |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 珏 (“pieces of jade”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to cut jade to pieces with knife. The pieces of jade appear as a more conservative version 玨. The knife in the middle is well visibile in the conservative variant 𤤻. Unrelated to 师.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(b/p)ral (“to leave, depart, separate”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བྲལ་བ (bral ba, “to be separated”), འཕྲལ་བ ('phral ba, “to cause to be separated, to separate”), Miju phɑ̆l⁵³ (“to pull (weeds)”), phɹɯl⁵⁵ lɑ³⁵ (“to collapse”), Thulung phal si- (“to collapse”), Burmese ပြား (pra:, “various”), Jingpho pə³¹-ran³¹.
Karlgren (1933) grouped 班 (OC *praːn), 半 (OC *paːns), and 釆 (OC *brens) into one word family.
Schuessler (2007) also pointed to Austroasiatic comparanda semantically closer to Chinese; such as Khmer រាល (riəl, “to spread, extend, distribute”) and Khmer ព្រាល (priəl, “to spread”) with causative prefix *p-.
Possibly the same etymon as 斑 (OC *praːn, “variegated, spotted, striped”), which may be cognate to 羆 (OC *pral, “brown bear”) (Zhang, 2019).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): bān (ban$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄅㄢ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ban$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baan$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pân
* Jin (Wiktionary): ban$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): băng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pan
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bang$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$pe
* Xiang (Hengyang, Wiktionary): ban$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bān
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ban
*** Wade–Giles: pan$^1$
*** Yale: bān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ban
*** Palladius: бань (banʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pän⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (班兒／班儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bānr
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄢㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: banr
*** Wade–Giles: pan$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: bānr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bal
*** Palladius: баньр (banʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑɻ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ban$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ban
*** Sinological IPA : /pan⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baan$^1$
*** Yale: bāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ban$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pân
*** Hakka Romanization System: ban$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ban$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pan²⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ban$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pæ̃¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: băng
*** Sinological IPA : /paŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pan
*** Tâi-lô: pan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pafn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pan³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /pan⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pang
*** Sinological IPA : /paŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$pe
*** MiniDict: pe$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$pe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pe⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Hengyang)
*** Wiktionary: ban$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pan⁴⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: paen
Rime :
| Character | 班 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (69) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 布還切 |
| Baxter | paen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pˠan/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pᵚan/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /paɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /pan/ |
| Wang Li | /pan/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pan/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | baan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤ<r>an/
    (Zhengzhang): /*praːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 班 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pæn › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁ<r>an/ |
| English | divide, distribute |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 班 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 224 |
| Phonetic component | 班 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 班 |
| Old Chinese | /*praːn/ |

### Definitions

班
* group; party; class
    培訓班／培训班 ― péixùnbān ― training course
    你邊班㗎？／你边班㗎？ [Cantonese] ― nei$^5$ bin$^1$ baan$^1$ gaa$^3$? [Jyutping] ― Which class are you in?
       Wǒmen bān yǒu sānshí ge tóngxué. [Pinyin]
       There are thirty students in our class.
* (military) squad
* shift; work shift
    上班 ― shàngbān ― to go to work
    晚班 ― wǎnbān ― night shift
* (dated) opera troupe
    徽班 ― Huī bān ― Anhui troupe
    班本 ― bānběn ― opera script
* (literary) to divide; to distribute
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Jì zàng, Zǐshuò yù yǐ fùbù zhī yú jù jìqì. Zǐliǔ yuē: “Bùkě, wú wén zhī yě: jūnzǐ bù jiā yú sàng. Qǐng bān zhū xiōngdì zhī pín zhě.” [Pinyin]
    After the burial, Zi-shi wished to take what remained of the money and other things contributed towards their expenses, to provide sacrificial vessels; but Zi-liu said, 'Neither can that be done. I have heard that a superior man will not enrich his family by means of his mourning. Let us distribute it among the poor of our brethren.'
    From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE
    Jìn hóu zhí Cáo bó, bān qí suǒ qǔ qīn dì yú zhūhóu yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (literary) to spread out
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Wǔ Jǔ bēn Zhèng, jiāng suì bēn Jìn, Shēngzǐ jiāng rú Jìn, yù zhī yú Zhèng jiāo, bān jīng xiāngyǔ shí, ér yán fù gù. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (literary) to rank; to arrange
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Zhōu shì bān juélù yě, rúzhīhé? [Pinyin]
    What was the arrangement of dignities and emoluments determined by the House of Zhou?
* (literary) rank; grade
    From: 1st–2nd century, Zhang Heng, 東京賦
    Ránhòu bǎibì nǎi rù, sīyí biàn děng, zūnbēi yǐ bān. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (literary) equal; in the same rank
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Bóyí, Yīyǐn yú Kǒngzǐ, ruòshì bān hū? [Pinyin]
    Comparing Bo Yi and Yi Yin with Confucius, are they to be placed in the same rank?
* (alt. form 頒／颁) (literary) to promulgate; to issue
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Shì yuè yě, tiānzǐ nǎi jiào yú tiánliè, yǐ xí wǔróng, bān mǎzhèng. [Pinyin]
    In this month the son of Heaven, by means of hunting, teaches how to use the five weapons of war, and the rules for the management of horses.
* Classifier for a group of people.
       jau$^5$ baan$^1$ zung$^1$ hok$^6$ saang$^1$ hai$^2$ kau$^4$ coeng$^4$ dou$^6$ daa$^2$ gan$^2$ bo$^1$. [Jyutping]
       A group of secondary school students are playing ball games in the playground.
    From: 1928, Lu Xun, 二十四孝圖
    Kěshì yī bān bié yǒu xīncháng de rénmen, biàn jiélì lái zǔ'è tā, yào shǐ háizǐ de shìjiè zhōng, méiyǒu yī sī lèqù. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
** 1997, “遊戲”, in 黃貫中 (lyrics), 請將手放開, performed by BEYOND [Beyond]:
    跟班friend hea到天光 [Literary Cantonese] ― gan$^1$ baan$^1$ fen$^1$ he$^3$ dou$^3$ tin$^1$ gwong$^1$ [Jyutping] ― hanging with friends until dawn
* Classifier for scheduled forms of transportation, such as flights and trains.
       Xià yī bān chē shénme shíhou dào? [Pinyin]
       What time is the next bus?
* (in compounds, of transport) regular; scheduled
    班船 ― bānchuán ― scheduled ferry
* (Cantonese) Classifier for classes.
       ngo$^5$ dei$^6$ jat$^1$ kap$^1$ jau$^5$ ng$^5$ baan$^1$. [Jyutping]
       We have five classes in each year.
* (Cantonese, figurative) league; rank; level; ability; competence
    夠班／够班 [Cantonese] ― gau$^3$ baan$^1$ [Jyutping] ― to be qualified (literally, “to have enough competence”)
    高班 [Cantonese] ― gou$^1$ baan$^1$ [Jyutping] ― of high competence
       keoi$^5$ ge$^3$ nang$^4$ lik$^6$ tung$^4$ kei$^4$ taa$^1$ jan$^4$ bei$^2$ zung$^6$ hai$^6$ zaang$^1$ gei$^2$ baan$^1$. [Jyutping]
       His ability is still several leagues behind others.
* (Cantonese) to gather; to assemble
* (literary) to withdraw
    班師／班师 ― bānshī ― to withdraw troops
* Alternative form of 斑 (bān, “spotted; striped”)
* a surname
    班固 ― Bān Gù ― Ban Gu (historian)

#### Usage notes

* (military): Under the National Revolutionary Army, a platoon (排) was composed of three squads. With the infantry, the infantry squad would be composed of 14 soldiers, of 10 riflemen, and one light machine gun unit.

### Compounds

* 一人班
* 一班
* 一班一輩／一班一辈
* 一班兒／一班儿
* 一班半點／一班半点
* 上班 (shàngbān)
* 下班 (xiàbān)
* 三班六房
* 上班族 (shàngbānzú)
* 中班 (zhōngbān)
* 交班 (jiāobān)
* 代班
* 仙班
* 值班 (zhíbān)
* 倒班
* 分班
* 分班序齒／分班序齿
* 加班 (jiābān)
* 加班車／加班车 (jiābānchē)
* 包班制
* 升班 (shēngbān)
* 南班子
* 原班人馬／原班人马
* 同班 (tóngbān)
* 唱詩班／唱诗班 (chàngshībān)
* 塞班島／塞班岛 (Sàibān Dǎo)
* 夜班 (yèbān)
* 大夜班 (dàyèbān)
* 大班 (dàbān)
* 女班頭／女班头
* 安親班／安亲班 (ānqīnbān)
* 小夜班 (xiǎoyèbān)
* 小班 (xiǎobān)
* 屈豔班香／屈艳班香
* 布利斯班
* 常態分班／常态分班
* 幫班／帮班
* 年班
* 序班
* 弄斧班門／弄斧班门
* 彈性上班／弹性上班
* 後段班／后段班
* 德爾班／德尔班
* 慢班 (mànbān)
* 戲班／戏班 (xìbān)
* 才藝班／才艺班
* 拖班
* 拿班
* 拿班作勢／拿班作势
* 按部就班 (ànbùjiùbān)
* 捐班
* 捉班做勢／捉班做势
* 接班 (jiēbān)
* 排班 (páibān)
* 探班 (tànbān)
* 掌班
* 接班人 (jiēbānrén)
* 插班 (chābān)
* 換班／换班 (huànbān)
* 搭班子
* 放牛班
* 早班 (zǎobān)
* 晚班 (wǎnbān)
* 暑修班
* 替班 (tìbān)
* 朝班
* 末班車／末班车 (mòbānchē)
* 林班
* 檔子班／档子班
* 歇班
* 清吟小班
* 減班／减班
* 班代
* 班代表
* 班克斯島／班克斯岛
* 班公錯／班公错 (Bāngōngcuò)
* 班兵
* 班列
* 班別／班别 (bānbié)
* 班功行賞／班功行赏
* 班史
* 班圖族／班图族
* 班基 (Bānjī)
* 班姬詠扇／班姬咏扇
* 班子 (bānzi)
* 班導師／班导师
* 班師／班师 (bānshī)
* 班師回朝／班师回朝 (bānshīhuícháo)
* 班師得勝／班师得胜
* 班序
* 班底 (bāndǐ)
* 班房 (bānfáng)
* 珠斗爛班
* 班會／班会 (bānhuì)
* 班機／班机 (bānjī)
* 班次 (bāncì)
* 班母 (bānmǔ)
* 班毛
* 班班 (bānbān)
* 班班可考
* 班禪／班禅 (bānchán)
* 班禪喇嘛／班禅喇嘛 (bānchán lǎma)
* 班竹 (Bānzhú)
* 班級／班级 (bānjí)
* 班組／班组 (bānzǔ)
* 班美之戰／班美之战
* 班艾島／班艾岛
* 班范
* 班荊／班荆
* 班荊道故／班荆道故
* 班荊道舊／班荆道旧
* 班蘭／班兰 (bānlán)
* 班行
* 班衣戲綵／班衣戏彩
* 班資／班资
* 班車／班车 (bānchē)
* 班軍／班军
* 班輩／班辈 (bānbèi)
* 班輪／班轮 (bānlún)
* 班迭棉吉 (Bāndié Miánjí)
* 班達海／班达海
* 班達群島／班达群岛
* 班部
* 班都斯山
* 班長／班长 (bānzhǎng)
* 班門弄斧／班门弄斧 (bānménnòngfǔ)
* 班際／班际
* 班頭／班头
* 班首
* 班香宋豔／班香宋艳
* 班馬／班马 (bānmǎ)
* 班馬文章／班马文章
* 班駁／班驳 (bānbó)
* 班鳩跌彈／班鸠跌弹
* 當班／当班 (dāngbān)
* 白班 (báibān)
* 益智班
* 研習班／研习班
* 秀出班行
* 科班 (kēbān)
* 站班
* 編班／编班 (biānbān)
* 老班底
* 能力分班
* 脫班／脱班 (tuōbān)
* 航班 (hángbān)
* 草臺班子／草台班子 (cǎotái bānzi)
* 虎體鵷班／虎体鹓班
* 蛾眉班
* 補班／补班 (bǔbān)
* 補習班／补习班 (bǔxíbān)
* 西班
* 西班牙 (Xībānyá)
* 西班牙港 (Xībānyágǎng)
* 西班牙語／西班牙语 (xībānyáyǔ)
* 該班／该班
* 調班／调班
* 豹尾班
* 跕班
* 跟班 (gēnbān)
* 跳班
* 輪班／轮班 (lúnbān)
* 速成班 (sùchéngbān)
* 道班
* 過班／过班
* 長班／长班
* 開班／开班 (kāibān)
* 領導班子／领导班子 (lǐngdǎo bānzi)
* 領班／领班 (lǐngbān)
* 風流班首／风流班首
* 馬戲班／马戏班
* 馬班／马班
* 魯班／鲁班 (Lǔbān)
* 魯班真人／鲁班真人

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 班(はん) (han)
* → Korean: 반(班) (ban)
* → Vietnamese: ban (班)

### References

* “班”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 班 |
| Kyūjitai | 班󠄁 班+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 班󠄃 班+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* group, party, section

#### Readings

* Go-on: へん (hen)
* Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
* Kun: かえす (kaesu, 班す)、しく (shiku, 班く)、わかつ (wakatsu, 班つ)、わける (wakeru, 班ける)
* Nanori: つら (tsura)、なか (naka)、ひとし (hitoshi)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はん [háꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [hã̠ɴ]

### Suffix

班(はん) • (-han)
* group, party
* (military) section

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1431 (paper), page 766 (digital)
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

班 (eumhun 나눌 반 (nanul ban))
* hanja form of 반 (“group; class”)

## Tày
### Adjective

班 (ban)
* Nôm form of ban (“well-developed”).
    姪姪如𱜢𫇥曾班Chỏi chỏi như nậu boóc dằng banColorful like flowers that have not yet bloomed

### References

* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Vietnamese
### Han character

班: Hán Nôm readings: ban, băn

### Noun

班 chữ Hán form of ban (“see below for definitions”).
* (historical) branch of administration in the feudal court (of which there are two types: the civil administrators and the martial office holders)
* group (of people doing the same work); band; board; squad; committee
* shift; work period
* (only in compounds) time period; section of the day
* (dated) (college-level) subject; (academic) department