# 掩

| 掩 | U+63A9, &#25513; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-63A9 |
| ← 推 [U+63A8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 措 → [U+63AA] |
| 掩 | U+2F8C1, &#194753; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C1 |
| ← 揅 [U+2F8C0] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 㨮 → [U+2F8C2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

掩 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手大中山 (QKLU), four-corner 5401$_6$, composition ⿰扌奄)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 439, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12285
* Dae Jaweon: page 790, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1893, character 5
* Unihan data for U+63A9
* Unihan data for U+2F8C1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 庵 | *qoːm, *qoːb |
| 鵪 | *qoːm |
| 菴 | *qoːm, *qrom |
| 馣 | *qoːm |
| 晻 | *qoːmʔ, *qromʔ |
| 唵 | *qoːmʔ |
| 黤 | *qoːmʔ, *qraːmʔ |
| 埯 | *qaːmʔ, *qomʔ |
| 淹 | *qroːm, *qrom, *qom, *qoms |
| 閹 | *qrom, *qromʔ |
| 崦 | *qrom |
| 醃 | *qrom, *qom |
| 掩 | *qromʔ |
| 奄 | *qromʔ |
| 罨 | *qromʔ, *qoːb, *qob |
| 裺 | *qromʔ, *qoms |
| 俺 | *qromʔ, *qoms |
| 腌 | *qom, *qrob, *qob |
| 殗 | *qob |
| 餣 | *qob |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qromʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 奄 (OC *qromʔ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǎn (yan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jim$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): am / om / ng / iám
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iam$^2$ / iang$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$i / $^3$ie
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^3$
*** Yale: yǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^2$
*** Yale: yím
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: am / om / ng / iám
*** Tâi-lô: am / om / ng / iám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: afm, ofm, ngf, iarm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /am⁴⁴/, /ɔm⁴⁴/, /ŋ̍⁴⁴/, /iam⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /am³³/, /ɔm³³/, /ŋ̍³³/, /iam⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /am⁴⁴/, /ɔm⁴⁴/, /ŋ̍⁴⁴/, /iam⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /am⁴⁴/, /ɔm⁴⁴/, /ŋ̍⁴⁴/, /iam⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /am⁴⁴/, /ɔm⁴⁴/, /ŋ̍⁴⁴/, /iam⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iam$^2$ / iang$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iám / iáng
*** Sinological IPA : /iam⁵²/, /iaŋ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$i
*** MiniDict: i$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$i
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i³⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou, Haining)
*** Wugniu: $^3$ie
*** MiniDict: ie$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɪ⁵¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Haining): /ie⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: 'jemX
Rime :
| Character | 掩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (154) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 衣儉切 |
| Baxter | 'jemX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠiᴇm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚiɛm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiæm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔjiam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔjɛm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭɛm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ɛm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jim$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qromʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 掩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14343 |
| Phonetic component | 奄 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 奄 |
| Old Chinese | /*qromʔ/ |

#### Definitions

掩
* to cover
* to hide; to conceal; to cover up
* to close; to shut
    From: 1910, 黃玹 (Hwang Hyeon), 《絶命詩》 (Poem on ending one's life), 《梅泉集》
    qiū dēng yǎn juǎn huái qiāngǔ [Pinyin]
    [Under] the autumn lamp, [I] shut my book and think to the ages past
* (Cantonese) to close partially
    掩埋度門／掩埋度门 [Cantonese] ― jim$^2$ maai$^4$ dou$^6$ mun$^4$ [Jyutping] ― to close the door partially
* (colloquial) to get pinched; to get caught
* (literary, or in compounds) to ambush

#### Synonyms

* (to cover):
* 掩蔽 (yǎnbì) (usually military)
* 擋／挡
* 蒙上 (méngshàng)
* 蔽障 (bìzhàng)
* 被覆 (bèifù)
* 遮蓋／遮盖 (zhēgài)
* 遮蔽 (zhēbì)
* 障蔽 (zhàngbì)
* (to hide):
* 埋葬 (máizàng) (literary, figurative)
* 掩蓋／掩盖 (yǎngài) (figurative)
* 掩藏 (yǎncáng)
* 掩飾／掩饰 (yǎnshì)
* 文飾／文饰 (literary)
* 藏掖 (cángyē)
* 遮 (literary, or in compounds)
* 遮掩 (zhēyǎn)
* 遮蓋／遮盖 (zhēgài)
* 隱匿／隐匿 (yǐnnì)
* 隱瞞／隐瞒 (yǐnmán)

#### Compounds

* 兩葉掩目／两叶掩目
* 半掩半開／半掩半开
* 半開半掩／半开半掩
* 打掩護／打掩护 (dǎyǎnhù)
* 抉瑕掩瑜
* 掩不住
* 掩人耳目 (yǎnrén'ěrmù)
* 掩住
* 掩入
* 掩其不備／掩其不备
* 掩其無備／掩其无备
* 掩卷
* 掩口
* 掩口盧胡／掩口卢胡
* 掩口胡盧／掩口胡卢
* 掩咯雞／掩咯鸡
* 掩埋 (yǎnmái)
* 掩埋場／掩埋场
* 掩惡揚善／掩恶扬善
* 掩惡溢美／掩恶溢美
* 掩抑
* 掩旗息鼓
* 掩映
* 掩星
* 掩映生姿
* 掩殺／掩杀 (yǎnshā)
* 掩沒／掩没
* 掩泣
* 掩涕
* 掩淚／掩泪
* 掩瑕藏疾
* 掩目捕雀 (yǎnmùbǔquè)
* 掩瞞／掩瞒
* 掩罪藏惡／掩罪藏恶
* 掩罪飾非／掩罪饰非
* 掩耳
* 掩耳偷鈴／掩耳偷铃
* 掩耳盜鈴／掩耳盗铃 (yǎn'ěrdàolíng)
* 掩耳盜鐘／掩耳盗钟
* 掩耳而走
* 掩蓋／掩盖 (yǎngài)
* 掩蔽 (yǎnbì)
* 掩蔽部 (yǎnbìbù)
* 掩藏 (yǎncáng)
* 掩袖
* 掩襲／掩袭 (yǎnxí)
* 掩護／掩护 (yǎnhù)
* 掩護射擊／掩护射击
* 掩護部隊／掩护部队
* 掩賢妒善／掩贤妒善
* 掩門／掩门
* 掩閉／掩闭 (yǎnbì)
* 掩雀捕蟬／掩雀捕蝉
* 掩面 (yǎnmiàn)
* 掩面失色
* 掩飾／掩饰 (yǎnshì)
* 掩骼埋胔
* 掩體／掩体 (yǎntǐ)
* 掩鼻
* 掩鼻偷香
* 掩鼻而過／掩鼻而过
* 掩鼻蹙頞／掩鼻蹙𱂨
* 撲掩／扑掩
* 敷掩
* 東掩西遮／东掩西遮
* 東遮西掩／东遮西掩
* 毫不掩飾／毫不掩饰
* 水來土掩／水来土掩
* 瑜不掩瑕
* 瑕不掩瑜 (xiábùyǎnyú)
* 盜鈴掩耳／盗铃掩耳 (dàolíngyǎn'ěr)
* 盜鐘掩耳／盗钟掩耳
* 竊鐘掩耳／窃钟掩耳
* 胡撲掩／胡扑掩
* 花遮柳掩
* 藏掩
* 虛掩／虚掩 (xūyǎn)
* 衛生掩埋／卫生掩埋
* 遮前掩後／遮前掩后
* 遮掩 (zhēyǎn)
* 遮遮掩掩 (zhēzhēyǎnyǎn)
* 難掩／难掩

#### Descendants

* → Khmer: អៀម (ʼiəm)
* → Thai: เอี๊ยม (íiam)
* →? Vietnamese: yếm

### Etymology 2

Potentially from 匽 (MC 'jonX). Compare also e.g. Suzhounese 迓 ($^3$ia, “to hide oneself; to avoid (people); to run from (responsibilities etc)”) and Ningbonese 幽 ($^5$ieu, “to hide oneself”).

#### Pronunciation

* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^3$ie
* Wu
** (Northern: Suzhou, Haining)
*** Wugniu: $^3$ie
*** MiniDict: ie$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɪ⁵¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Haining): /ie⁵³/

#### Definitions

掩
* (Sujiahu Wu) to hide (oneself)
* (Sujiahu Wu) to hide away oneself; to avoid (someone); to shy away from

#### Synonyms

* (to hide oneself):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 躲藏, 藏躲, 躲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 藏, 貓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 躲, 藏 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 躲 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 藏 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 藏, 卻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 藏, 躲 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 躲 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 躲 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 藏 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 匿, 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 匿, 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 摒 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 摒埋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 摒 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 摒 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 摒埋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 揞埋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 揞埋 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 摒埋 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 匿埋, 摒埋 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 匿 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 匿 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 匿 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 求埋 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 餌, 伏 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 匿埋 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 躲 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 摒 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 摒 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 摒 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 躲 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 儲 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 屈, 覭 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 覕, 囥 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 覕, 囥 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 覕, 踮 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 逃 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 踮, 覕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 踮, 覕 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 踮, 覕 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 踮 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 逃 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 逃 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 囥, 𨒃, 迓 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 𨒃, 匽, 迓 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 迓 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 幽 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 埋, 縮, 躲 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 幽 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 幽 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 躲 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 躲 |

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* cover
* conceal

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): えん (en)
* Kun: おおう (ōu, 掩う)

#### Compounds

* 掩蔽(えんぺい) (enpei): concealment, masking, cloaking

## Korean
### Hanja

掩 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm, Yale em)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

掩: Hán Nôm readings: ém
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.