OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# endoscopia
## Italian
### Etymology

From endo- +‎ -scopia.

### Noun

endoscopia f (plural endoscopie)
* (medicine) endoscopy

#### Related terms

* endoscopico
* endoscopio

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From endo- +‎ -scopia.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˌẽ.do.skoˈpi.ɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˌẽ.do.skoˈpi.ɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˌẽ.do.ʃkoˈpi.ɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˌẽ.do.skoˈpi.a/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˌẽ.dɔ.ʃkuˈpi.ɐ/
* Hyphenation: en‧dos‧co‧pi‧a

### Noun

endoscopia f (plural endoscopias)
* (medicine) endoscopy

#### Related terms

* endoscópico
* endoscópio

## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* endoscopía (Latin America)

### Etymology

From endo- +‎ -scopia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /endosˈkopja/ [ẽn̪.d̪osˈko.pja]
* Rhymes: -opja
* Syllabification: en‧dos‧co‧pia

### Noun

endoscopia f (plural endoscopias)
* (medicine) endoscopy

#### Further reading

* “endoscopia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# hozen
## English
### Noun

hozen pl (plural only)
* (obsolete, West Country) stockings; hose
** 1746, Exmoor Courtship‎, published 1879, page 42:thy Hozen muxy up zo vurs thy Gammerels to tha very Hucksheens o' tha

### References

* Wright, Joseph (1902) The English Dialect Dictionary‎, volume 3, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 240

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦozɛn]
* Rhymes: -ozɛn
* Hyphenation: ho‧zen

### Participle

hozen
* masculine singular passive participle of hodit

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɦoː.zə(n)/
* Hyphenation: ho‧zen
* Rhymes: -oːzən

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch osen, from Old Dutch *ōsan, from Proto-Germanic *ausaną. The initial h- is a hypercorrection first attested in early modern Dutch, possibly by analogy with hoos.

#### Verb

hozen
* (transitive, intransitive) to bail, to scoop water out of a boat, cellar etc.
* (impersonal) to rain heavily, to pour

##### Derived terms

* hoosbui
* leeghozen

##### Descendants

* Berbice Creole Dutch: hoso

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

hozen
* plural of hoos

## Japanese
### Romanization

hozen
* Rōmaji transcription of ほぜん
# tetrahymena
## English
### Noun

tetrahymena (plural tetrahymenas)
* A eukaryote of the genus Tetrahymena.
# thorn-trees
## English
### Noun

thorn-trees
* plural of thorn-tree
# tarnish
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English ternysshen, from Old French terniss-, stem of ternir (“to make dim, make wan”), borrowed from Old High German *ternen, tarnen, from Proto-West Germanic *darnijan (“to conceal”). Doublet of dern and darn.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈtɑːnɪʃ/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈtɑɹnɪʃ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ

### Noun

tarnish (usually uncountable, plural tarnishes)
* Oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air.
** 1918, Hannah Teresa Rowley, Mrs. Helen Louise (Wales) Farrell, Principles of Chemistry Applied to the Household
    Precipitated calcium carbonate, a very fine powdery form, is used as a basis for many tooth powders and pastes. As whiting it finds a wide use in cleaning metals of their tarnishes.
** 1987 July 30, Joseph Deitch, “Removing Tarnish From Silverware”, in The New York Times‎:Limiting the use of silver to special occasions might invite tarnish unless the pieces are carefully protected.

#### Translations
### Verb

tarnish (third-person singular simple present tarnishes, present participle tarnishing, simple past and past participle tarnished)
* (intransitive) To oxidize or discolor due to oxidation.
    Careful storage of silver will prevent it from tarnishing.
* (transitive) To compromise, damage, soil, or sully.
    He is afraid that she will tarnish his reputation if he disagrees with her.
** 1839, Alexander Kinmont, “Lecture the Eighth; On the Unity in Variety of the Human Race”, in Twelve Lectures on the Natural History of Man, and the Rise and Progress of Philosophy, Cincinnati: U. P. James, page 232:I have next shown you the Greeks, and " the wisdom" of their philosophy, often travesting, sometimes tarnishing the Christian religion : […]
** 1991 April 7, “Players' Greed Tarnishes Game”, in The New York Times‎:The greed that many players show tarnishes the game.
** 2022 March 11, David Hytner, “Chelsea are in crisis but there is no will to leave club on their knees”, in The Guardian‎:There are normally anti-embarrassment clauses in such arrangements and, from a corporate social responsibility point of view, the upside of standing by a tarnished individual is often outweighed by the downside.
* (intransitive, figurative) To lose its lustre or attraction; to become dull.
** 1681, [John Dryden], Absalom and Achitophel. A Poem. […], 3rd edition, London: […] J[acob] T[onson] and are to be sold by W. Davis […], published 1682, →OCLC, page 7:Till thy freſh Glories, which now ſhine ſo bright, / Grow Stale and Tarniſh with our dayly ſight.
* (copyright law) To use a sign, image, expression, etc. sufficiently close to a trademarked one that it brings disrepute to it.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Hartins, rantish
# boroscópicos
## Portuguese
### Adjective

boroscópicos
* masculine plural of boroscópico
# trinkums
## English
### Noun

trinkums
* plural of trinkum
# einheimisch
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German inheimisch, itself analyzable as in- +‎ Heim +‎ -isch. Compare Dutch inheems.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaɪ̯nˌhaɪ̯mɪʃ/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

einheimisch (strong nominative masculine singular einheimischer, not comparable)
* domestic (internal to a specific country)
    Synonym: heimisch

#### Derived terms

* Einheimischer

### Further reading

* “einheimisch” in Duden online
* “einheimisch” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# 유화액
## Korean
### Etymology

From 유화(乳化) (yuhwa, “emulsification”) +‎ 액(液) (aek, “liquid”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [juβwa̠ɛk̚] ~ [juβwa̠e̞k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [유화액/유화엑]

### Noun

유화액 • (yuhwaaek) (hanja 乳化液)
* emulsion
# self-abnegatory
## English
### Etymology

From self- +‎ abnegatory.

### Adjective

self-abnegatory (comparative more self-abnegatory, superlative most self-abnegatory)
* Of or relating to self-abnegation (the denial or invalidation of one's own needs, interests, etc. for the sake of another's).
    Synonyms: self-sacrificing; see also Thesaurus:self-abnegatory
** 1892, Edgar Saltus, chapter 8, in Imperial Purple‎, Chicago: Morrill, Higgins, page 193:one for whom that purple mantle was too gaudy, and yet who bore it, as he bore everything else, in that self-abnegatory spirit which the higher reaches of philosophy bring
** 1921, Rose Macaulay, chapter 4, in Dangerous Ages‎, London: W. Collins Sons, page 76:Women are so terrifically self-abnegatory; they must give, give, give, to some one all the time. Women, that is, of the mothering type, such as these.
** 1978, Aidan Chambers, Breaktime, London: Red Fox, published 1995, page 66:In his present self-abnegatory mood, he will not acknowledge himself able to feel anything honest and noble.
# ἄϋλος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ἄνῡλος (ánūlos)

### Etymology

ἀ- (a-) +‎ ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē, “wood; matter”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /á.yː.los/ → /ˈa.y.los/ → /ˈa.i.los/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /á.yː.los/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈa.y.los/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈa.y.los/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈa.y.los/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈa.i.los/

### Adjective

ἄῡ̈λος • (áṻlos) m or f (neuter ἄῡ̈λον); second declension
* immaterial

#### Derived terms

* ᾰ̓ῡ̈λότης f (aṻlótēs)

### Further reading

* “ἄϋλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ἄϋλος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
# پسلیاں
## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /pəs.lɪ.jɑ̃ː/

### Noun

پَسْلِیاں • (pasliyā̃) (Hindi spelling पस्लियां)
* direct plural of پَسْلی (paslī)
# -ადმი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [admi]

### Postposition

-ადმი • (-admi)
* marks the object of one’s disposition or intent
    შტატის შემცირებისადმი უარყოფითი აზრი გამოხატა მენეჯერმა.šṭaṭis šemcirebisadmi uarq̇opiti azri gamoxaṭa meneǯerma.The manager expressed a negative opinion of the layoffs.
    მომიტინგეებმა გამოაქვეყნეს ღია წერილი ძალოსანი სტრუქტურებისადმი.momiṭingeebma gamoakveq̇nes ɣia c̣erili ʒalosani sṭrukṭurebisadmi.The protesters published an open letter to the government.
    რაც ეს ტრაგედია თავს გადაგვხდა, ჩემი ურთიერთობა ოჯახის წევრებისადმი რადიკალურად შეიცვალა.rac es ṭragedia tavs gadagvxda, čemi urtiertoba oǯaxis c̣evrebisadmi radiḳalurad šeicvala.Ever since this tragedy befell us, my relationship with my family has radically changed.
# емфаза
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἔμφασις (émphasis). May be considered a learned borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɛɱˈfazɐ]
* Hyphenation: ем‧фа‧за

### Noun

емфа́за • (emfáza) f
* (literary or formal) emphasis

#### Related terms

* емфати́чен (emfatíčen)

### References

* “емфаза”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “емфаза”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
* “емфаза”, in Български тълковен речник [Bulgarian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), fourth edition, Sofia: Nauka i Izkustvo, 2005, page 218

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɛɱˈfaza]

### Noun

емфаза • (emfaza) f
* emphasis
# 獨逸
## Chinese
### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 獨逸(ドイツ) (Doitsu), from Dutch Duits. Doublet 德意志 (Déyìzhì).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Dúyì
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˊ ㄧˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Dúyì
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Dúyì
*** Wade–Giles: Tu$^2$-i$^4$
*** Yale: Dú-yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dwuyih
*** Palladius: Дуи (Dui)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu³⁵ i⁵¹/

### Proper noun

獨逸
* (obsolete) Germany (a country in Europe; capital: Berlin)

#### Synonyms

* 德國／德国 (Déguó)
* (attributive or poetic) 德意志 (Déyìzhì)
* (abbreviation) 德 (dé)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 獨 | 逸 |
| どく > ど Hyōgai | いつ Grade: S |
| irregular | kan'on |
For pronunciation and definitions of 獨逸 – see the following entry. :
| 【独逸ドイツ】 | [proper noun] Dated spelling of ドイツ.: Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany) |
(This term, 獨逸, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 獨 | 逸 |

### Proper noun

獨逸 • (Dogil) (hangeul 독일)
* hanja form of 독일 (“Germany”)
# pódla
## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *podьlja (“according to”), *podьlь (“next to”); cognate with Upper Sorbian pódla, pola, Polish podla, podle, Czech podle, Slovak podľa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɨdla/, /ˈpɛdla/, (dated) /ˈpʊdla/

### Preposition

pódla [with genitive]
* next to
    pódla doma ― next to the house

### Adverb

pódla
* next to it (him, her, them, etc.), alongside

### Further reading

* Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “pódla”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
* Starosta, Manfred (1999) “pódla”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
# mezanin
## Romanian
### Alternative forms

* mezanină

### Etymology

Borrowed from French mezzanine or Italian mezzanino or German Mezzanin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /me.zaˈnin/

### Noun

mezanin n (plural mezanine)
* mezzanine

#### Declension
### Further reading

* mezanin in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mezǎniːn/
* Hyphenation: me‧za‧nin

### Noun

mezànīn m (Cyrillic spelling меза̀нӣн)
* mezzanine
# tsardømet
## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

tsardømet n
* definite singular of tsardøme
# πηνίου
## Greek
### Noun

πηνίου • (piníou) n
* genitive singular of πηνίο (pinío)
# ႍ

| ◌ႍ | U+108D, &#4237; MYANMAR SIGN SHAN COUNCIL EMPHATIC TONE |
| ← ႌ [U+108C] | Myanmar | ႎ → [U+108E] |

## Shan
### Etymology

Promulgated in 1969 by the Shan Council.

### Letter

ႍ • (transliteration needed)
* a tone mark
** (Can we date this quote?), (some Shan Council reader); reproduced in Michael Everson, Martin Hosken, Proposal for encoding Myanmar characters for Shan and Palaung in the UCS‎, 2006, Figure 4:ၵုၼ်းထႆႍၼႃးkún thǎi náaA person ploughs a field [translit?]
# 幫倒忙
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bāng dào máng
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄤ ㄉㄠˋ ㄇㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bong$^1$ dou$^2$ mong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bāng dào máng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄤ ㄉㄠˋ ㄇㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bang dào máng
*** Wade–Giles: pang$^1$ tao$^4$ mang$^2$
*** Yale: bāng dàu máng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bang daw mang
*** Palladius: бан дао ман (ban dao man)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ mɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bong$^1$ dou$^2$ mong$^4$
*** Yale: bōng dóu mòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bong$^1$ dou$^2$ mong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bong$^1$ dou$^2$ mong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵ mɔːŋ²¹/

### Verb

幫倒忙
* (idiomatic) to be more of a hindrance than a help

#### Synonyms

* 越幫越忙／越帮越忙
# 23F
## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* 23-F

### Proper noun

23F m
* (Spain) the date of the 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt, February 23th, 1981
* (metonymically, Spain) the coup d'état itself
# tǖpūipāu
## Khiamniungan Naga
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tə³³pui³³pau³³/

### Adjective

tǖpūipāu
* (Patsho) weary

### Noun

tǖpūipāu
* (Patsho) unclean water seen during summer.
# fégadu
## Asturian
### Etymology

From Late Latin fīcātum (“liver”), from Latin iecur fīcātum (“fig-stuffed liver”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfeɡadu/, [ˈfe.ɣ̞a.ð̞u]

### Noun

fégadu m (plural fégados)
* liver
# убити
## Bulgarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [oˈbiti]

### Participle

уби́ти • (ubíti)
* indefinite plural past passive participle of уби́я (ubíja)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ubiti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ǔbiti/
* Hyphenation: у‧би‧ти

### Verb

у̀бити pf (Latin spelling ùbiti)
* (transitive) to kill, murder

#### Related terms

* уби́јати impf

### Further reading

* “убити”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* вби́ти (vbýty) (after vowels)

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ubiti. Compare Bulgarian уби́я (ubíja), Serbo-Croatian ùbiti, Slovene ubíti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʊˈbɪte]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

уби́ти • (ubýty) pf (imperfective убива́ти)
* (transitive) to kill, to murder

#### Usage notes

* The forms уби́ти (ubýty) (used after consonants or at the beginning of a clause) and вби́ти (vbýty) (used after vowels) differ in pronunciation but are considered variants of the same word.

#### Derived terms

* уби́вця (ubývcja)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “убити”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “убити”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “убити”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# gacopierz
## Polish
### Etymology

Blend of gacek +‎ nietoperz. Compare Silesian gacopiyrz.

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Goral):
*** (Żywiec) IPA: /ɡaˈt͡sɔ.pjɛr̝/

### Noun

gacopierz m animal
* (Żywiec) Synonym of nietoperz

### Further reading

* Leon Rzeszowski (1891) “gacopierz”, in “Spis wyrazów ludowych z okolic Żywca”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume 4, Krakow: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 355
# ever-loving
## English
### Adjective

ever-loving (comparative more ever-loving, superlative most ever-loving)
* Alternative form of everloving
** 1652, Ralph Venning, Mysteries and Revelations, →OCLC:When the All-blessed Spirit of the ever living and ever-loving God hath given his teſtimony...
** 1933, Rollin Kirby, “The death of a puppet”, in Vanity Fair, volume 41, page 66:I could have kicked the ever-loving hell out'n you, if I'd had my mind on it.
** 1934, Damon Runyon, Blue Plate Special, →OCLC:Why not call your ever-loving wife?
** 1982, Lewis Perdue, Queens Gate Reckoning, →ISBN, page 296:What in ever-loving hell could you have done?

### Noun

ever-loving (plural ever-lovings)
* Alternative form of everloving
** 1959 December 24, “People Are”, in Jet‎, page 42:That Fairfield, Ala., husband who was called home from work to find his ever-loving and her gentleman "guest" suffering from knife wounds and the bedroom a wreck.
# grucowaty
## Polish
### Etymology

From gruce +‎ -owaty.

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Goral):
*** (Żywiec) IPA: /ɡru.t͡sɔˈva.tɘ/

### Adjective

grucowaty
* (Żywiec) Synonym of garbaty (“humpbacked”)

### Further reading

* Leon Rzeszowski (1891) “grucowaty”, in “Spis wyrazów ludowych z okolic Żywca”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume 4, Krakow: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 355
# βακτηρία
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* βάκτρον (báktron)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bak- (“rod, staff, club”), which appears to be a European substrate word. Cognates include Latin baculum and Old Irish bacc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bak.tɛː.rí.aː/ → /βak.tiˈri.a/ → /vak.tiˈri.a/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /bak.tɛː.rí.aː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /bak.te̝ˈri.a/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /βak.tiˈri.a/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /vak.tiˈri.a/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /vak.tiˈri.a/

### Noun

βακτηρῐ́ᾱ • (baktēríā) f (genitive βακτηρῐ́ᾱς); first declension
* rod, staff, cane
** Ὃς φείδεται τῆς βακτηρίας μισεῖ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, ὁ δὲ ἀγαπῶν ἐπιμελῶς παιδεύει.Septuagint, Proverbs 13:24Hòs pheídetai tês baktērías miseî tòn huiòn autoû, ho dè agapôn epimelôs paideúei.He that spares the rod hates his son: but he that loves, carefully chastens him.
* baton

#### Inflection
### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βακτηρία”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 194

### Further reading

* “βακτηρία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “βακτηρία”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* βακτηρία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* βακτηρία in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. cane idem, page 110.crook idem, page 185.crutch idem, page 187.rod idem, page 720.staff idem, page 808.stick idem, page 816.walking stick idem, page 960.
* “βακτηρία”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
# sá-îe
## Khiamniungan Naga
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃa⁵⁵ie⁵²/

### Verb

sá-îe
* (Patsho) to suck leg between something or in a mud.
# sàih
## Khiamniungan Naga
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃaiʔ³¹/

### Verb

sàih
* (Patsho) sleep
# sākhīap
## Khiamniungan Naga
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃa³³kʰiap³³/

### Noun

sākhīap
* (Patsho) diaphragm
# cieplutki
## Polish
### Etymology

From ciepły +‎ -utki.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ɕɛˈplut.ki/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -utki
* Syllabification: cie‧plut‧ki

### Adjective

cieplutki (not comparable, derived adverb cieplutko)
* diminutive of ciepły

#### Declension
### Further reading

* cieplutki in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* cieplutki in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# 絕嗣
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): juésì
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄙˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zyut$^6$ zi$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): choa̍t-sû
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: juésì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄙˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyuésìh
*** Wade–Giles: chüeh$^2$-ssŭ$^4$
*** Yale: jywé-sz̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyuesyh
*** Palladius: цзюэсы (czjuesy)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ sz̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zyut$^6$ zi$^6$
*** Yale: jyuht jih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzyt$^9$ dzi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jud$^6$ ji$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syːt̚² t͡siː²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: choa̍t-sû
*** Tâi-lô: tsua̍t-sû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoadsuu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡suat̚⁴⁻³² su²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡suat̚²⁴⁻² su²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡suat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡suat̚⁴⁻³² su²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡suat̚⁴⁻³² su²³/

### Verb

絕嗣
* (literary) to have no offspring; to be childless

#### Synonyms

* 絕緒／绝绪 (juéxù)
# 古跡
## Chinese

| | | ancient; old | footprint; mark; tracefootprint; mark; trace; vestige; sign; indication |
| trad. (古跡/古蹟/古迹) | trad. (古跡/古蹟/古迹) | 古 | 跡/蹟/迹 |
| simp. (古迹) | simp. (古迹) | 古 | 迹 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǔjì, gǔjī
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄐㄧˋ, ㄍㄨˇ ㄐㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gu$^2$ zik$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kú-chiak
    (Hailu, HRS): gu$^ˊ$ zid
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘-chek / kó͘-chiak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gou$^2$ ziah$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ku-ciq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔjì
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔjì
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^3$-chi$^4$
*** Yale: gǔ-jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guujih
*** Palladius: гуцзи (guczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔjī
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔji
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^3$-chi$^1$
*** Yale: gǔ-jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guuji
*** Palladius: гуцзи (guczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$古跡／古迹 滑稽
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^2$ zik$^1$
*** Yale: gú jīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^2$ dzik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^2$ jig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː³⁵ t͡sɪk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kú-chiak
*** Hakka Romanization System: gu$^ˋ$ jiag$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gu$^3$ jiag$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku³¹ t͡si̯ak̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gu$^ˊ$ zid
*** Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴⁻³³ t͡sit⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-chek
*** Tâi-lô: kóo-tsik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kofzeg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-chiak
*** Tâi-lô: kóo-tsiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kofciag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siak̚⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gou$^2$ ziah$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kóu tsiah
*** Sinological IPA : /kou⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaʔ²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ku-ciq
*** MiniDict: ku$^去$ cih
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ku-jiq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³³ t͡ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

### Noun

古跡
* historical site; heritage site; ruin
    歷史古跡／历史古迹 ― lìshǐ gǔjì ― historical site
    請愛護古跡。／请爱护古迹。 ― Qǐng àihù gǔjì. ― Please show respect for historical sites.
* (literary) writing and painting of the ancients

#### Synonyms

* (historical site):
* 史跡／史迹 (shǐjì)
* 廢墟／废墟 (fèixū)
* 往跡／往迹 (wǎngjì)
* 遺址／遗址 (yízhǐ)
* 遺跡／遗迹 (yíjì)
* 陳跡／陈迹 (chénjì)

#### Derived terms

* 名勝古跡／名胜古迹 (míngshèng gǔjì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 古跡(こせき) (koseki)
* → Korean: 고적(古跡) (gojeok)
* → Vietnamese: cổ tích (古跡)

### References

* “Entry #1634”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.