# 竈

| 竈 | U+7AC8, &#31432; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AC8 |
| ← 竇 [U+7AC7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 竉 → [U+7AC9] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 竈/灶 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 竃 |
| Simplified | 灶 |

### Han character

竈 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+16, 21 strokes, cangjie input 十金土口山 (JCGRU), composition ⿱𥤧黽)

#### Derived characters

* 𢥼

#### Descendants

* 竃 (Japanese shinjitai character)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 869, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25703
* Dae Jaweon: page 1298, character 34
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2746, character 11
* Unihan data for U+7AC8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 灶 | *ʔsluːɡs |
| 竈 | *ʔsluːɡs |
| 鼀 | *sʰluɡ |

### Etymology

Likely related to 焦 (OC *ʔsew, “to scorch”); see there for more (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zào (zao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zou$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zào
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zào
*** Wade–Giles: tsao$^4$
*** Yale: dzàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
*** Palladius: цзао (czao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zou$^3$
*** Yale: jou
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzou$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sou̯³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tsau
*** MiniDict: tsau$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tsau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɔ³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsawH
Rime :
| Character | 竈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 則到切 |
| Baxter | tsawH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɑu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sɑu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɑu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡saw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sɑu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sɑu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sɑu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zou$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤuk-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsluːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 竈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zào |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsaw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁuk-s/ |
| English | cooking-place, stove |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 竈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8529 |
| Phonetic component | 圥 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 竈 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsluːɡs/ |

### Definitions

竈
* Alternative form of 灶 (zào, “stove; kitchen range; kitchen”)
* forty-fourth tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "stove" (𝌱)

#### Usage notes

* In the first batch of simplified Chinese characters (1935), it was proposed for this character to be simplified as 灶 (zào). The simplification of 竈 to 灶 (zào) was finally approved in 1965 in mainland China. Note that in traditional Chinese (Taiwan), this character is classified as a variant form of 灶 (zào).

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 竃 |
| Kyūjitai | 竈 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 竃)
* Kyūjitai form of 竃

#### Readings

* Go-on: そう (sō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
* Kun: かまど (kamado, 竈)、かま (kama, 竈)、くど (kudo, 竈)、へつい (hetsui, 竈)、へっつい (hettsui, 竈)

### Usage notes

竃 (U+7AC3) which is an extended shinjitai character that was added to JIS X 0208 in 1990, is the preferred form for this character.

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 竈
* かまど Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 竃

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かまど [kàmádó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠ma̠do̞]
* (Kyoto) かまど [kamado] (Kōki – [0])

#### Noun

竈(かまど) • (kamado)
* kamado (traditional Japanese stove)

##### Derived terms

* 竈(カマド)馬(ウマ) (kamado-uma)
* 竈(かまど)神(がみ) (kamado-gami)
* 竈鳥(かまどどり) (kamado-dori)
* 七(ナナ)竈(カマド) (nanakamado)

##### Descendants

* → English: kamado

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 竈
* かま Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 竈 – see the following entry. :
| 【かま】 | [noun] 竃, 竈: a kitchen range Alternative spelling 竃 |
(This term, 竈, is the kyūjitai of an alternative spelling (竃) of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

竈 • (jo) (hangeul 조)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.