# 沫

| 沫 | U+6CAB, &#27819; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CAB |
| ← 沪 [U+6CAA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 沬 → [U+6CAC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

沫 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水木十 (EDJ), four-corner 3519$_0$, composition ⿰氵末)

#### Derived characters

* 𬰃

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 612, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17235
* Dae Jaweon: page 1006, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1578, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6CAB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 眛 | *maːds, *mɯːds |
| 沬 | *maːds, *hmɯːds, *mɯds |
| 佅 | *mraːds |
| 韎 | *mreːds, *maːd |
| 帓 | *mraːd |
| 粖 | *meːd, *maːd |
| 末 | *maːd |
| 昩 | *maːd |
| 秣 | *maːd |
| 靺 | *maːd |
| 眜 | *maːd |
| 抹 | *maːd |
| 妺 | *maːd |
| 怽 | *maːd |
| 沫 | *maːd |
| 袜 | *maːd |
A phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maːd) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 末 (OC *maːd)

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mò (mo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mut$^6$ / mut$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): mot$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ma̍t
* Jin (Wiktionary): mah$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): boa̍h / boa̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhuah$^8$ / muag$^8$ / muêg$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mò
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mò
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^4$
*** Yale: mwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
*** Palladius: мо (mo)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (沫兒 / 沫儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mòr
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mòr
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: mòr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moll
*** Palladius: мор (mor)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔɻ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mut$^6$ / mut$^3$
*** Yale: muht / mut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mut$^9$ / mut$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mud$^6$ / mud$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /muːt̚²/, /muːt̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: mot$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbᵘɔt̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ma̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: mad
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /mat̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: mah$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /maʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boa̍h
*** Tâi-lô: bua̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boah
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /buaʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /buaʔ¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /buaʔ⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boa̍t
*** Tâi-lô: bua̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boat
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /buat̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /buat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /buat̚¹²¹/
* boa̍h - vernacular;
* boa̍t - literary.
* Middle Chinese: mat
Rime :
| Character | 沫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 末 (64) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫撥切 |
| Baxter | mat |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muɑt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mʷɑt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muɑt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /muɑt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /muɑt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /muɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mut$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤat/
    (Zhengzhang): /*maːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 沫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mò |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mat › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁat/ |
| English | foam, spittle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 沫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9233 |
| Phonetic component | 末 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 末 |
| Old Chinese | /*maːd/ |

#### Definitions

沫
* froth; foam; bubbles; suds
* saliva
* (literary) to stop

#### Compounds

* 以沫相濡
* 口沫橫飛 / 口沫横飞
* 吐沫 (tùmò)
* 唾沫 (tuòmo)
* 唾沫星子 (tuòmo xīngzi)
* 唾沫直嚥 / 唾沫直咽
* 水沫
* 泡沫 (pàomò)
* 泡沫劑 / 泡沫剂
* 泡沫塑膠 / 泡沫塑胶
* 泡沫橡膠 / 泡沫橡胶
* 泡沫水泥
* 泡沫浴
* 泡沫玻璃
* 泡沫紅茶 / 泡沫红茶
* 泡沫經濟 / 泡沫经济 (pàomò jīngjì)
* 泡沫車 / 泡沫车
* 泡沫髮膠 / 泡沫发胶
* 沫雨
* 流沫
* 涎沫 (xiánmò)
* 海沫
* 涸鱗濡沫 / 涸鳞濡沫
* 濡沫涸轍 / 濡沫涸辙
* 煦沫
* 白沫 (báimò)
* 相濡以沫 (xiāngrúyǐmò)
* 肉沫
* 飛沫 / 飞沫 (fēimò)
* 飛沫傳染 / 飞沫传染

### Etymology 2

Probably from a Mon-Khmer substrate; compare Vietnamese bọt (“foam; froth”) (Norman and Mei, 1976). Also compare Mizo phûl (“scum; froth; foam”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Eastern Min (BUC): puŏk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phe̍h / phe̍rh / phoe̍h / phe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): puêh$^8$
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: puŏk
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuoʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phe̍h
*** Tâi-lô: phe̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pheh
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /pʰeʔ⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phe̍rh
*** Tâi-lô: phe̍rh
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰəʔ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phoe̍h
*** Tâi-lô: phue̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoeh
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰueʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰueʔ¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phe
*** Tâi-lô: phe
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phef
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰe⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: puêh$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phue̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰueʔ⁴/

#### Definitions

沫
* (Min) scum; froth

#### Compounds

* 拍沫
* 暴沫
* 牛奶沫

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): boah
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boah
*** Tâi-lô: buah
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boaq
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /buaʔ³²/

#### Definitions

沫
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) full to the brim (of liquid in a container)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* splash
* suds

#### Readings

* Go-on: まち (machi)、まつ (matsu)
* Kan-on: ばつ (batsu)
* Kun: あわ (awa, 沫)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 沫
* あわ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 沫 – see the following entry. :
| 【泡あわ】S | [noun] bubble [noun] foam, head on carbonated beverages such as beer |
(This term, 沫, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ma̠ɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [말]

### Hanja

Wikisource 沫 (eum 말 (mal))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 백말 (白沫, baengmal)
* 포말 (泡沫, pomal)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

沫: Hán Nôm readings: mượt, mát, mạt, mướt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.