# سنبل
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* سَبَل (sabal)

### Etymology

* From the root س ب ل (s-b-l) whence also the verb form IV أَسْبَلَ (ʔasbala, “to let down, to let hang out”).
* Compare Aramaic שבלתא (šebaltā, “ear”), שבלא (šebalā, “ear”), Classical Syriac ܫܶܒܰܠܬܳܐ (šebaltā, “ear”), ܫܶܒܠܳܐ (šebalā, “ear”), Hebrew שִׁבֹּלֶת (šibbṓleṯ, “flowing stream; ear”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎁𐎍𐎚 (šblt, “ear”), Akkadian 𒋗𒁍𒌌𒌈 (šubultum, “ear”), Eblaite 𒋤𒉺𒂖 (SÙ.PA.SIKIL /⁠šabaltum⁠/, “ear”), Old South Arabian 𐩪𐩨𐩡𐩩 (s¹blt, “ear”), Ge'ez ሰብል (säbl, “ear”), Tigrinya ሰብሊ (säbli, “ear”), Amharic ሰብል (säbəl, “ear”), Soqotri sebóleh (“ear”), Mehri seblī́t (“ear”), Shehri simbelót (“ear”), Egyptian (sꜣbꜣjr, “shoots, spikes (of fruit trees), grape clusters”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sun.bul/

### Noun

سُنْبُل • (sunbul) m (collective, singulative سُنْبُلَة f (sunbula), plural سَنَابِل (sanābil))
* ear, spike (of a crop)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:261:مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُم فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ كَمَثَلِ حَبَّةٍ أَنْبَتَت سَبْعَ سَنَابِلَ فِي كُلِّ سُنْبُلَةٍ مِئَةُ حَبَّةٍmaṯalu llaḏīna yunfiqūna ʔamwālahum fī sabīli llāhi ka-maṯali ḥabbatin ʔanbatat sabʕa sanābila fī kulli sunbulatin miʔatu ḥabbatinThose who spend their wealth in the way of God are like a grain which grows seven ears, (and) in each ear a hundred grains
* Virgo (a star constellation)
* aromatic plant with ear-forming flowers, spikenard, Nardostachys spp., Valeriana spp., Hyacinthus spp. and the like

#### Descendants

* → Amharic: ሰንበል (sänbäl, “ear”), ሰንቡል (sänbul, “spikenard”), ስንቡል (sənbul, “spikenard”)
* → Azerbaijani: sünbül
* → Ge'ez: ሰንብል (sänbəl, “ear”), ሰንበል (sänbäl, “ear”), ሰንቢል (sänbil, “spikenard”), ሰንቡል (sänbul, “spikenard”)
* → Classical Persian: سُنْبُل (sunbul)
** → Armenian: սմբուլ (smbul)
** → English: sumbal
** → Georgian: სუმბული (sumbuli)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: सुंबुल (sumbul)
    Urdu: سنبل (sumbul)
** → Kazakh: сүмбіл (sümbıl)
** → Sindhi: سنبل
** → Ottoman Turkish: سنبل (sümbül)
*** Turkish: sümbül
*** → Albanian: zymbyl
*** → Bulgarian: зюмбю́л (zjumbjúl)
*** → Gagauz: zümbül
*** → Greek: ζουμπούλι (zoumpoúli), ζιμπούλι n (zimpoúli)
*** Kurdish:
    → Northern Kurdish: sumbul, simbil
*** → Ladino: zimbul
*** → Macedonian: зумбул (zumbul)
*** → Romanian: zambilă
*** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: зу̀мбул
    Latin script: zùmbul
** → Uzbek: sumbul
* → Spanish: azúmbar
* → Tigre: ስንቡል (sənbul, “spikenard”)

### References

* H7641 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Freytag, Georg (1833) “سَبَلٌ”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 281
* Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 178–179
* Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 484, 505
* Leslau, Wolf (1938) Lexique Soqotri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explications étymologiques (in French), Wiesbaden: Libraire C. Klincksieck, page 280
* Olmo Lete, Gregorio del with Sanmartín, Joaquín and Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2015) “سنبل”, in A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 112), 3rd edition, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 793

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سنبل (sunbul).

### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: [symˈbyl]
* (dialectal, vulgar) IPA: [zymˈbyl]

### Noun

سنبل • (sümbül)
* hyacinth, any plant of the genus Hyacinthus
* curly locks and ringlets of a boy or girl

#### Derived terms

* سنبلو (sümbüli, “hyacinthine”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: sümbül
* → Albanian: zymbyl
* → Bulgarian: зюмбю́л (zjumbjúl)
* → Gagauz: zümbül
* → Greek: ζουμπούλι (zoumpoúli), ζιμπούλι n (zimpoúli)
* Kurdish:
    → Northern Kurdish: sumbul, simbil
* → Ladino: zimbul
* → Macedonian: зумбул (zumbul)
* → Romanian: zambilă
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: зу̀мбул
    Latin script: zùmbul

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sümbül”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4376
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “سنبل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 693
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Hyacinthus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 714
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “سنبل”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2681
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sümbül”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سنبل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1081

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سُنْبُل (sunbul).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [sun.ˈbul]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sʊm.bʊ́l]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sʊm.bʊ́l]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sʊm.bʊ́l]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sum.búl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [som.ból̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sum.búl]

### Noun

سنبل • (sonbol)
* hyacinth
** c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 163:آنرا که چون تو لاله رخی در سرا بود میلش بدیدن گل و سنبل چرا بودān rā ki čūn tō lāla ruxī dar sarā buwad maylaš ba-dīdan-i gul u sunbul čirā buwadFor someone with a tulip-cheeked [beauty] like you in his house, Why should he want to see the rose and the hyacinth?(Classical Persian transliteration)
* (poetic, figurative) lock of beautiful dark hair

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: սմբուլ (smbul)
* → English: sumbal
* → Georgian: სუმბული (sumbuli)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: सुंबुल (sumbul)
    Urdu: سنبل (sumbul)
* → Kazakh: сүмбіл (sümbıl)
* → Sindhi: سنبل
* → Ottoman Turkish: سنبل (sümbül)
** Turkish: sümbül
** → Albanian: zymbyl
** → Bulgarian: зюмбю́л (zjumbjúl)
** → Gagauz: zümbül
** → Greek: ζουμπούλι (zoumpoúli), ζιμπούλι n (zimpoúli)
** Kurdish:
    → Northern Kurdish: sumbul, simbil
** → Ladino: zimbul
** → Macedonian: зумбул (zumbul)
** → Romanian: zambilă
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: зу̀мбул
    Latin script: zùmbul
* → Uzbek: sumbul