# 欽

| 欽 | U+6B3D, &#27453; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B3D |
| ← 欼 [U+6B3C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 款 → [U+6B3E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

欽 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 金弓人 (CNO), four-corner 8718$_2$, composition ⿰釒欠)

#### Derived characters

* 𠪢, 𨼌, 嶔, 撳, 廞, 𠾬, 𡼲, 𢡮, 𢵡, 𣾠, 䃢, 𤺰, 𨅠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 568, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16104
* Dae Jaweon: page 957, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2143, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6B3D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 淦 | *kɯːm, *kɯːms |
| 顉 | *ŋɯːmʔ, *ŋ̊ʰrɯm, *ŋ̊ʰɯmʔ |
| 金 | *krɯm |
| 錦 | *krɯmʔ |
| 欽 | *kʰrɯm |
| 菳 | *kʰrɯm |
| 嶔 | *kʰrɯm |
| 撳 | *kʰrɯms |
| 捦 | *ɡrɯm |
| 鵭 | *ɡrɯm |
| 唫 | *ɡrɯmʔ, *ŋɡrɯm |
| 鈙 | *ɡrɯms |
| 崟 | *ŋɡrɯm |
| 趛 | *ŋɡrɯmʔ |

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Is the Cantonese reading irregular?”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīn (qin$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jam$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): him$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khîm
    (Hailu, HRS): kim$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kim$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): kéng
* Eastern Min (BUC): kĭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): king$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khim
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kim$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$chin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cin
*** Wade–Giles: chʻin$^1$
*** Yale: chīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chin
*** Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jam$^1$
*** Yale: yām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐm⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: him$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /him³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khîm
*** Hakka Romanization System: kim$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰim²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kim$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰim⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰim⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kéng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰeiŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: king$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khim
*** Tâi-lô: khim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qym
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰim³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰim⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kim$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khim
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰim³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$chin
*** MiniDict: chin$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$qin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰin⁵³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit欽 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰin²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕʰiẽ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕʰiə̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰiẽ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕʰiə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰĩn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕʰĩ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕʰin³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕʰin²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰiəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰĩŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰin³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰaŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰin³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕʰin³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰin⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰim⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kʰim²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐm⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hɐm⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jɐm⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰim⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰeiŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /im⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xim²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: khim
Rime :
| Character | 欽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 去金切 |
| Baxter | khim |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰjim/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰjəm/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰi̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ham$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰrɯm/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 欽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6681 |
| Phonetic component | 金 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 欽 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰrɯm/ |

### Definitions

欽
* to respect; to admire; to venerate
    欽佩／钦佩 ― qīnpèi ― to admire
* by the emperor personally
    欽差／钦差 ― qīnchāi ― imperial envoy
    欽定／钦定 ― qīndìng ― to authorize by imperial order
* (obsolete) bent; twisted
* a surname

### Compounds

* 凍欽欽 / 冻钦钦
* 可欽 / 可钦
* 宋欽宗 / 宋钦宗
* 所欽 / 所钦
* 欽仰 / 钦仰 (qīnyǎng)
* 欽佇 / 钦伫
* 欽佩 / 钦佩 (qīnpèi)
* 欽佩莫名 / 钦佩莫名
* 欽命 / 钦命 (qīnmìng)
* 欽天監 / 钦天监
* 欽定 / 钦定 (qīndìng)
* 欽察汗國 / 钦察汗国 (Qīnchá Hánguó)
* 欽崇 / 钦崇 (qīnchóng)
* 欽州 / 钦州 (Qīnzhōu)
* 欽工 / 钦工
* 欽差 / 钦差 (qīnchāi)
* 欽差大臣 / 钦差大臣 (qīnchāidàchén)
* 欽恤 / 钦恤
* 欽慕 / 钦慕 (qīnmù)
* 欽承 / 钦承
* 欽挹 / 钦挹
* 欽敬 / 钦敬 (qīnjìng)
* 欽服 / 钦服
* 欽案 / 钦案
* 欽欽 / 钦钦
* 欽此 / 钦此 (qīncǐ)
* 欽此欽遵 / 钦此钦遵
* 欽犯 / 钦犯 (qīnfàn)
* 欽羨 / 钦羡 (qīnxiàn)
* 欽賜 / 钦赐
* 欽賢好士 / 钦贤好士
* 欽遲 / 钦迟
* 欽點 / 钦点 (qīndiǎn)
* 神欽鬼伏 / 神钦鬼伏
* 立欽欽 / 立钦钦
* 筒欽 / 筒钦
* 阿克賽欽 / 阿克赛钦 (Ākèsàiqīn)

#### References

* “Entry #16048”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
* “Entry #6523”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “钦”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 189.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: こん (kon)
* Kan-on: きん (kin)
* Kun: つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 欽む)

## Korean
### Hanja

欽 • (heum) (hangeul 흠, revised heum, McCune–Reischauer hŭm, Yale hum)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

欽: Hán Nôm readings: khâm, khom
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.