# 菊花
## Chinese

* 菊花

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): júhuā
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄚ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ju$^2$ hua$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jǔhua
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): jůqhuà
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): guk$^1$ faa$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): kuk$^7$ faa$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'jiuh$^6$ fa$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khiuk-fâ
    (Hailu, HRS): kiug fa$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kiug$^5$ fa$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jyeh$^4$ hua$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gṳ̆-huá
* Eastern Min (BUC): gé̤ṳk-huă
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiok-hoe / kiok-hoa / kak-hoe / kek-hoe / kek-hoa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gêg$^4$ huê$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): goek$^2$ waa$^1$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^7$ciuq-ho$_1$ / $^7$cioq-ho$_1$ / $^7$ciuq-hua$_1$ / $^7$ciuq-huo$_1$
** (Jinhua): $^7$cioq-hua$_1$
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy$^6$ fa$^1$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): jiou$^2$ ho$^{1*}$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): jy$^2$ fa$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: júhuā
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyúhua
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^2$-hua$^1$
*** Yale: jyú-hwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyuhua
*** Palladius: цзюйхуа (czjujxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: júhuār
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄚㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyúhuar
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^2$-hua$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: jyú-hwār
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyuhual
*** Palladius: цзюйхуар (czjujxuar)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ju$^2$ hua$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gyxua
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy²¹ xua⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: jǔhua
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy²¹ xua/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: jůqhuà
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): juq$^5$ hua$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕyʔ⁵ xua³¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: guk$^1$ faa$^1$
*** Yale: gūk fā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: guk$^7$ faa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gug$^1$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊk̚⁵ faː⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: kuk$^7$ faa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊk̚⁴⁴ fa²¹³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'jiuh$^6$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈt͡ɕiuʔ⁵ fa⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiuk-fâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiug$^ˋ$ fa$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiug$^5$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uk̚² fa²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiug fa$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰiuk⁵⁻² fa⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kiug$^5$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰiʊk̚¹ fa⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jyeh$^4$ hua$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕyəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ xua¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̆-huá
*** Sinological IPA : /ky²⁴ xua⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gé̤ṳk-huă
*** Sinological IPA : /kyʔ²⁴⁻²¹ hua⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiok-hoe
*** Tâi-lô: kiok-hue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiokhoef
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ hue³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiok-hoa
*** Tâi-lô: kiok-hua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiokhoaf
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Penang): /kiɔk̚³⁻⁴ hua³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hua⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kak-hoe
*** Tâi-lô: kak-hue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kakhoef
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /kak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hue³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kak̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kek-hoe
*** Tâi-lô: kik-hue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kekhoef
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Singapore): /kek̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kek-hoa
*** Tâi-lô: kik-hua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kekhoaf
*** IPA (Penang): /kek̚³⁻⁴ hua³³/
* Taiwan:
** kiok-hoe/kek-hoe - colloquial;
** kiok-hoa - literary.
* Middle Chinese: kjuwk xwae
Rime :
| Character | 菊 | 花 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) | 麻 (99) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | II |
| Fanqie | 居六切 | 呼瓜切 |
| Baxter | kjuwk | xwae |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨuk̚/ | /hˠua/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiuk̚/ | /hʷᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiuk̚/ | /xua/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kuwk̚/ | /hwaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /kiuk̚/ | /xua/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭuk̚/ | /xwa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯uk̚/ | /xwa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ju | huā |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | guk$^1$ | faa$^1$ |

### Noun

菊花
* chrysanthemum (plant or flower)
** Chrysanthemum × morifolium
* (slang, euphemistic) anus; asshole

#### Synonyms

* (chrysanthemum):
* 九花 (jiǔhuā)
* 九花兒／九花儿 (jiǔhuār) (Beijing Mandarin)
* 壽客／寿客 (shòukè) (literary)
* 女華／女华 (nǚhuá) (literary)
* 家菊 (jiājú) (literary)
* 延年 (yánnián) (literary)
* 日精 (rìjīng) (literary)
* 秋菊 (qiūjú) (literary)
* 菊 (jú) (literary, or in compounds)
* 金英 (jīnyīng) (literary)
* 陶菊 (táojú) (literary)
* 隱逸花／隐逸花 (yǐnyìhuā) (literary)
* 黃華／黄华 (huánghuá) (literary)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 菊花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 菊花兒, 九花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 菊花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 菊花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 菊花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 菊花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 菊花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 菊花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 菊花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 菊花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 菊花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 菊花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 菊花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 菊花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 菊花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 菊花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 菊花 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 菊花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 菊花, 菊花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 菊花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 菊花兒, 平安 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 菊花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 菊花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 菊花 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 菊花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 菊花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 菊花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 菊花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 菊花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 菊花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 菊花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 菊花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 菊花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 菊花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 菊花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 菊花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 菊花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 菊花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 菊花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 菊花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 菊花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 菊花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 菊花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 菊花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 菊花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 菊花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 菊花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 菊花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 菊花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 菊花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 菊花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 菊花, 菊花兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 菊花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 菊花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 菊花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 菊花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 菊花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 菊花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 菊花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 菊花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 菊花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 菊花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Sarikei (Xinhui) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Bangkok (Guangfu) | 菊花 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 菊花 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 菊花 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 菊 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 菊花 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Jiexi) | 菊花 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 菊花 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 菊花 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 菊花 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 菊花 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 菊花兒 |
| Jin | Datong | 菊花兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 菊花兒 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 菊花 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 菊花兒 |
| Jin | Linhe | 菊花 |
| Jin | Jining | 菊花 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 菊花 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 菊花 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 菊花兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 菊花 |
| Jin | Handan | 菊花, 菊花兒 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 菊花兒 |
| Jin | Suide | 菊花兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 菊花 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 菊花 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 菊花 |
| Eastern Min | Cangnan | 菊花 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 菊花 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 菊花 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 菊花 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 菊花 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 菊花 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 菊仔花 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 菊仔花 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 菊仔花, 菊花 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 菊仔花 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 菊仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 菊仔花 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Yongjing) | 菊花 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 菊花, 菊仔, 菊仔花 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 菊花 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) | 菊仔 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 菊花 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 菊花 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 菊花 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 菊花 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 菊花 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 菊花 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 菊花 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 菊花 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 菊花 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 菊花 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 菊花 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 菊花 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 菊花 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 菊花 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 菊花 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 菊花 |
| Wu | Danyang | 菊花 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 菊花 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 菊花 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 菊花 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 菊花 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 菊花 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 菊花 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 菊花 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 菊花 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 菊花 |
* (anus):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 肛門 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 屁眼兒, 屁股眼兒, 屁股門兒, 眼子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 屁眼, 菊花, 菊部, 菊, 後庭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 屁眼兒, 屁眼子, 屁門子, 腚眼子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 屁眼兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 腚眼, 腚眼子, 腚眼兒, 糞門 Hui |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 腚格眼子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 屁股眼兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 溝子門 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 溝門子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 溝門子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 腚眼兒, 腚眼子, 屁眼兒, 屁股眼兒, 屁眼子, 屁股眼子, 糞門, 腚門子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 溝門子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 溝門子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 溝門眼子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 屁眼兒, 屁兒㞘㞘, 屁兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 屁眼, 屁股門 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 屁眼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 屁眼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 屁股眼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 屁眼兒, 屁股眼兒, 糞門 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 屁眼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 屁眼兒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 屎窟窿, 菊花 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 屎窟窿, 噼噼窿, 屎眼, 菊花, 後庭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 屎窟窿 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 屎窟窿 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 屎窟窿 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 屎窟窿 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 屎窟窿 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 屎窟窿 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 屎窟窿 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 屁眼 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 屎窟 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 屁股眼 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 屎窟門 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 屎窟門 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 屎窟 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 屎窟 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 屎窟門 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 屎窟 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 屎窟 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 屎窟空 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Changting | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 屎胈窿 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 屁股眼 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 屎眼 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 屎窟空 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 屎窟空 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 屎窟空 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 糞門 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 糞口 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 糞門 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 糞門 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 糞門, 屎窟門, 屎窟空 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 屎窟空 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 屎窟空 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 屎窟門 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 屎窟 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 屎窟 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 屎窟眼 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 屎窟窿 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 屎窟空 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 屁股窿 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 屁股眼 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 屎窟眼兒 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 屁眼 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 屁眼, 屁窟 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 腠䫌川, 腠川 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 腠貢 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 屎窟門 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 屎窟川 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 股川空 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 股川空 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 尻川頭, 尻川口, 糞口, 尾口 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 尻川頭, 尻川口, 糞口, 尾口, 尻川斗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 糞口, 尾口 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 尻川 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 尻川 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 尻川空 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 尻川頭, 雨傘襇 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 尻川頭, 尻川空 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 雨傘襇 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 尻川 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 尻川仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 尻川頭仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 尻川斗, 雨傘襇 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 尻川空 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 雨傘襇 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 尻川口 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 尻川口, 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 尻川口 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 糞口, 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 尻川頭 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 尻川空 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 尻川空 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 尻川空 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 尻川門 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 尻川 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 尻川 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 尻川, 繭 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 尻川 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 肛門 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 尻川空, 尻川門 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 尻川門 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 腸頭 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 屎窟窿, 屎窟, 屁股窿 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 屁眼, 洞疘, 臀疘 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 洞疘 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 屎眼, 屎孔 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 洞疘 |
| Wu | Danyang | 洞疘, 屁眼 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 屁股眼兒, 洞疘 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 屁眼 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 臀卵孔頭, 臀卵孔, 臀卵髀頭兒, 屙臀孔 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 屁股洞 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 屁眼 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 屁眼 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 屁眼 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 屁眼 |

#### Derived terms

* 爆菊 (bàojú)
* 爆菊花 (bào júhuā)
* 菊花王朝 (Júhuā Wángcháo)
* 菊花糕
* 菊花茶 (júhuā chá)
* 菊花酒

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 菊(きく)花(か) (kikuka); 菊(きっ)花(か) (kikka)
* → Korean: 국화(菊花) (gukhwa)
Others：
* → Lü: ᦋᦲᧉᦩᦱᧈ (tsii²xwaa¹) (via Mandarin)
* → Malay: kékwa (via Hokkien)
* → Thai: เก๊กฮวย (géek-huai) (via Teochew)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 菊 | 花 |
| きく Grade: S | か Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きくか [kìkúká] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) きくか [kìkúꜜkà] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [kʲikɯ̟ka̠]

#### Noun

菊(きく)花(か) • (kikuka)
* chrysanthemum flower
* (traditional Chinese medicine) dried chrysanthemum flowers used in medicine
* one of the six kinds of incense, a scent resembling chrysanthemum flowers

#### See also

* 菊(きく) (kiku)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 菊 | 花 |
| きく > きっ Grade: S | か Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きっか [kìkká] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) きっか [kíꜜkkà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲik̚ka̠]

#### Noun

菊(きっ)花(か) • (kikka)
* chrysanthemum flower

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 菊 | 花 |

### Noun

菊花 • (gukhwa) (hangeul 국화)
* hanja form of 국화 (“chrysanthemum flower”)