# 慈悲
## Chinese
### Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit मैत्रीकरुणा (maitrīkaruṇā, “benevolence and compassion”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cíbēi
    (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ ㄅㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ci$^4$ bei$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'ci$^2$ bi$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀-pî
    (Hailu, HRS): cii bui$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̀-pĭ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chû-pi / chîr-pi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ce$^5$ bui$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zy-pe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cíbēi
*** Zhuyin: ㄘˊ ㄅㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cíhbei
*** Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ$^2$-pei$^1$
*** Yale: tsź-bēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyrbei
*** Palladius: цыбэй (cybɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰz̩³⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^4$ bei$^1$
*** Yale: chìh bēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^4$ bei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^4$ béi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː²¹ pei̯⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'ci$^2$ bi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈt͡sʰz̩²⁴ pi⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀-pî
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii$^ˇ$ bi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ci$^2$ bi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹ pi²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii bui$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ pui⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̀-pĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy⁵³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(pʰ-)}$βi⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chû-pi
*** Tâi-lô: tsû-pi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zu'py
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ pi⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su²³⁻³³ pi⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su¹³⁻²² pi⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²⁴⁻²² pi⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chîr-pi
*** Tâi-lô: tsîr-pi
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ²⁴⁻²² pi³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ce$^5$ bui$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̂ pui
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pui³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zy-pe
*** MiniDict: zy$^去$ pe
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zr-pe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²² pe⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dzi pij
Rime :
| Character | 慈 | 悲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 脂 (17) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 疾之切 | 府眉切 |
| Baxter | dzi | pij |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zɨ/ | /pˠiɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zɨ/ | /pᵚi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zie/ | /piɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zɨ/ | /pji/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ziə/ | /pji/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭə/ | /pi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi/ | /pi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cí | bī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ci$^4$ | bei$^1$ |

### Adjective

慈悲
* (originally Buddhism) merciful; benevolent; pitying
    From: 2nd century, An Shigao, 《佛說八大人覺經》, in Taishō Tripiṭaka, volume 17, page 715
    Jīngjìn xíngdào, cíbēi xiūhuì, chéng fǎshēn chuán, zhì nièpán àn; fùhái shēngsǐ, dùtuō zhòngshēng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* 慈善 (císhàn)

#### Derived terms

* 假慈悲
* 大發慈悲／大发慈悲 (dàfācíbēi)
* 慈悲殺人／慈悲杀人 (cíbēi shārén)
* 慈悲為懷／慈悲为怀
* 慈悲為本／慈悲为本
* 無慈悲／无慈悲 (wúcíbēi)
* 貓哭耗子——假慈悲／猫哭耗子——假慈悲 (māo kū hàozi, jiǎ cíbēi)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 慈悲(じひ) (jihi)
* → Korean: 자비(慈悲) (jabi)
* → Vietnamese: từ bi (慈悲)

### Further reading

* Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “慈悲” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 慈 | 悲 |
| じ Grade: S | ひ Grade: 3 |
| goon ||

### Alternative forms

* (honorific) お慈悲(じひ) (o-jihi)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じひ [jíꜜhì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [d͡ʑiçi]

### Noun

慈(じ)悲(ひ) • (jihi)
* (Buddhism) compassion
* mercy; sympathy
    お慈悲(じひ)を！
       O-jihi o!
       Have mercy!
** 1632, Diego Collado, Niffon no Cotõbani Yô Confesion, page 4:R. Sorẽgaxĩga cotòxi Deus no vòn jifino vie iòri Chriſtian ni nàri maràxitẽ gozàru iùie, ni, mãda confeſion vo mõsaĩdẽ gozàru. R. Ego ex Dei miſericordia hoc anno Chriſtianus factus, nunquam confeſſionem Sacramentalem feci: vnde hæc, quam modo incipio, erit prima. (Having become Christian out of the mercy of God this year, I have never made sacramental confession; whence, as I am just beginning, it will be the first.)R. Sorẽgaxĩga cotòxi Deus no vòn jifino vie iòri Chriſtian ni nàri maràxitẽ gozàru iùie, ni, mãda confeſion vo mõsaĩdẽ gozàru. R. Ego ex Dei miſericordia hoc anno Chriſtianus factus, nunquam confeſſionem Sacramentalem feci: vnde hæc, quam modo incipio, erit prima. (Having become Christian out of the mercy of God this year, I have never made sacramental confession; whence, as I am just beginning, it will be the first.)(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1632, Diego Collado, Dictionarium sive Thesauri Linguae Iaponicae Compendium, page 81:Miſericordia, æ, eleemoſina, [sic] æ, miſericordia y limoſna, [sic] jifi.Miſericordia, æ, eleemoſina, [sic] æ, miſericordia y limoſna, [sic] jifi.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “mercy; sympathy”): 無慈悲(むじひ) (mujihi)

#### Derived terms

* 慈(じ)悲(ひ)深(ぶか)い (jihibukai)

#### See also

* 哀憐(あいれん) (airen), 愛憐(あいれん) (airen)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 慈 | 悲 |

### Noun

慈悲 • (jabi) (hangeul 자비)
* hanja form of 자비 (“mercy”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 慈 | 悲 |

### Adjective

慈悲
* chữ Hán form of từ bi (“merciful, compassion”).