# 唐山
## Chinese

* 唐山 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 唐山 (Cantonese)
* Dòng-săng (Eastern Min)
* Tn̂g-soaⁿ-chhī (Southern Min)
* 唐山市 (Wu)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Tángshān
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄤˊ ㄕㄢ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tong$^4$ saan$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hong$^3$ san$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Thòng-sân
    (Hailu, HRS): tong san$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tong$^2$ san$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Tn̂g-soaⁿ / Thâng-soaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): deng$^5$ suan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Tángshān
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄤˊ ㄕㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Tángshan
*** Wade–Giles: Tʻang$^2$-shan$^1$
*** Yale: Táng-shān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tarngshan
*** Palladius: Таншань (Tanšanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tong$^4$ saan$^1$
*** Yale: tòhng sāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tong$^4$ saan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tong$^4$ san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hong$^3$ san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔŋ²² san³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Thòng-sân
*** Hakka Romanization System: tong$^ˇ$ san$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tong$^2$ san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰoŋ¹¹ san²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: tong san$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰoŋ⁵⁵ san⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tong$^2$ san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰɔŋ¹¹ san⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tn̂g-soaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Tn̂g-suann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dngsvoaf
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² suã³³/
*** IPA (Singapore): /tŋ̍²⁴⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Penang): /tŋ̍²³⁻²¹ suã³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tŋ̍¹³⁻²² suã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tŋ̍²³⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thâng-soaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Thâng-suann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tangsvoaf
*** IPA (Longyan): /tʰaŋ¹¹ suã³³⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: deng$^5$ suan$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tṳ̂ng suaⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /tɯŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sũã³³/

### Etymology 1

Arising from the position of coastal Guangdong and Fujian (both primary origin points for overseas Chinese migrants, the latter also being an origin point for many "early" Han Chinese settlers in Taiwan before the Chinese Civil War and Nationalist flight) between the sea and inland mountains and the use of 唐 (táng, “Tang”) to refer to China in general due to its perception as a "golden age" in Chinese history.

#### Proper noun

唐山
* (overseas, dated) China
       “tong$^4$ saan$^1$ daai$^6$ hing$^1$” [Jyutping]
       Chinese Elder Brother (The Big Boss, 1971 film featuring Bruce Lee)
** 1888, T. L. Stedman, K. P. Lee, A Chinese and English Phrase Book in the Canton Dialect, New York: William R. Jenkins Co., page 73:
       From: possibly based on the Zhongshan variety of Yue
       do$^1$ faan$^4$ nei$^5$ laa$^3$. jan$^1$ wai$^6$ ngo$^5$ soeng$^2$ zou$^2$ jat$^6$ faan$^1$ tong$^4$ saan$^1$. [Jyutping]
       Please do, for I have to go back to China soon.
* (Taiwan, Philippine Hokkien, dated) mainland China
       Tn̂g-soaⁿ kòe Tâi-oân, sim-koaⁿ kiat kui oân [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       As people went from mainland China over to Taiwan, their hearts became weighed down. (an idiom about the Chinese migration toward Taiwan in Qing Dynasty)
    From: 涂敏恆 (Tu Min-Heng), 《客家本色》 ("Natural Color of Hakka")
    Thòng-sân ko Thòi-vàn, mò pan tiám chhièn, sat-mâng tá-piang kâng-sân-kâng-thièn. [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]
    [From] mainland China [they] went over to Taiwan, without any money, diligently cultivating the hill lands and tilling the fields.

##### Synonyms

* (China):
* 中 (abbreviation)
* 中共國 / 中共国 (zhōnggòngguó) (derogatory)
* 中原 (Zhōngyuán)
* 中國 / 中国 (Zhōngguó)
* 中華 / 中华
* 九州 (Jiǔzhōu) (literary)
* 域中 (yùzhōng) (literary, figurative)
* 天下 (tiānxià) (lofty)
* 天朝 (Tiāncháo) (historical or Internet slang)
* 契弟 (qìdì) (Internet slang, derogatory)
* 德祐 (Déyòu) (Myanmar)
* 支那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete, now usually derogatory or offensive)
* 桃花石 (Táohuāshí) (obsolete)
* 牆國 / 墙国 (qiángguó) (Taiwan, derogatory, sarcastic)
* 猜拿 (Cāiná) (transliteration of English China)
* 神州 (Shénzhōu) (literary)
* 種花家 / 种花家 (Zhònghuājiā) (slang, humorous)
* 脂那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete)
* 至那 (Zhìnà) (obsolete)
* 華 / 华 (abbreviation)
* 華夏 / 华夏 (Huáxià)
* 諸夏 / 诸夏 (Zhūxià)
* 諸華 / 诸华 (Zhūhuá)
* 貴支 / 贵支 (guìzhī) (Mainland China, Internet slang, neologism, derogatory, sarcastic, offensive)
* 贏國 / 赢国 (Hong Kong, humorous, derogatory, sarcastic)
* 赤縣 / 赤县 (Chìxiàn) (literary)
* 赤縣神州 / 赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu) (literary)
* 震旦 (Zhèndàn) (archaic)
* (Mainland China): 中國大陸／中国大陆 (Zhōngguó dàlù), 中國內地／中国内地 (Zhōngguó nèidì), 大陸／大陆 (dàlù), 內地／内地 (nèidì); (Taiwanese Hakka) 長山／长山 (Chángshān)

##### Derived terms

* 唐山人 (tángshānrén)
* 有唐山公，無唐山媽 / 有唐山公，无唐山妈
* 番爿錢，唐山福 / 番爿钱，唐山福
* 過唐山 / 过唐山

##### Related terms

* Hokkien: 阿山 (a-soaⁿ), 阿山仔 (a-soaⁿ-á)

##### See also

* 大陸／大陆 (dàlù)
* Names of China

### Etymology 2

Named after the Tang Mountain in the city; the Tang Mountain was named after the Tang Dynasty

#### Proper noun

唐山
* (～市) Tangshan (a prefecture-level city in northeastern Hebei, China)
       Tángshān dàdìzhèn [Pinyin]
       Great Tangshan earthquake (1976 Tangshan earthquake)
* Tang Mountain, Dacheng Mountain (a hill in the central part of the city of Tangshan, Hebei, China)

##### Descendants

* → English: Tangshan, T'ang-shan

### References

* ↑ (Min Nan) “Entry #5806”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 唐 | 山 |
| とう Grade: S | さん > ざん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Proper noun

唐(とう)山(ざん) • (Tōzan)
* Tangshan (a prefecture-level city in northeastern Hebei, China)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 唐 | 山 |

### Noun

唐山
* chữ Hán form of Đường Sơn (“Tangshan”).