# 糧

| 糧 | U+7CE7, &#31975; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CE7 |
| ← 糦 [U+7CE6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 糨 → [U+7CE8] |
| 糧 | U+F97B, &#63867; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F97B |
| ← 梁 [U+F97A] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 良 → [U+F97C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

糧 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 火木日一土 (FDAMG), four-corner 9691$_4$, composition ⿰米量)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 913, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27132
* Dae Jaweon: page 1340, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3160, character 12
* Unihan data for U+7CE7
* Unihan data for U+F97B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 糧 | *raŋ |
| 量 | *raŋ, *raŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋ) : semantic 米 + phonetic 量 (OC *raŋ, *raŋs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): liáng (liang$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лён (li͡on, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): liòng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): liong$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): lion$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): liông
* Eastern Min (BUC): liòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): niû / niô͘ / liông / liâng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): nion$^5$ / niên$^5$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$lian / $^2$lian
** (Jinhua): $^2$liaon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lian$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liáng
*** Wade–Giles: liang$^2$
*** Yale: lyáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liang
*** Palladius: лян (ljan)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лён (li͡on, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /liɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: loeng$^4$
*** Yale: lèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lœːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: liong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: liong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /li̯oŋ¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: liong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /liɔŋ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: lion$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /liɒ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: liông
*** Sinological IPA : /liɔŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: liòng
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃uoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niû
*** Tâi-lô: niû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: niuu
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /niũ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /niũ²³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niô͘
*** Tâi-lô: niôo
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /niɔ̃¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
*** Tâi-lô: liông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /liɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâng
*** Tâi-lô: liâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liaang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ¹³/
* niû/niô͘ - vernacular;
* liông/liâng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: ljang
Rime :
| Character | 糧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 呂章切 |
| Baxter | ljang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /liɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /liaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | loeng$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*raŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 糧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | liáng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]aŋ/ |
| English | grain, provisions |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 糧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8063 |
| Phonetic component | 量 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*raŋ/ |
| Notes | 同糧 |

### Definitions

糧
* grain; provisions; food
* (Cantonese) salary (Classifier: 份 c)
* a surname

### Compounds

* 乾糧／干粮 (gānliáng)
* 兵精糧足／兵精粮足
* 出糧／出粮
* 化瓦糧／化瓦粮
* 口糧／口粮 (kǒuliáng)
* 吃糧／吃粮
* 囚糧／囚粮
* 地丁錢糧／地丁钱粮
* 嬴糧／嬴粮
* 完糧／完粮
* 官糧／官粮
* 寅吃卯糧／寅吃卯粮 (yínchīmǎoliáng)
* 寅支卯糧／寅支卯粮
* 射糧／射粮
* 屯糧／屯粮 (túnliáng)
* 屯糧積草／屯粮积草
* 悶數錢糧／闷数钱粮
* 應卯吃糧／应卯吃粮
* 戰糧／战粮
* 戶有餘糧／户有余粮
* 打糧／打粮 (dǎliáng)
* 打衣糧／打衣粮
* 抗糧／抗粮
* 拉名糧長／拉名粮长
* 斷糧／断粮 (duànliáng)
* 漕糧／漕粮 (cáoliáng)
* 白糧／白粮
* 祿糧／禄粮
* 禹餘糧／禹余粮
* 稅糧／税粮
* 積草屯糧／积草屯粮
* 米糧／米粮 (mǐliáng)
* 粗糧／粗粮 (cūliáng)
* 糙糧／糙粮 (cāoliáng)
* 糧不繼日／粮不继日
* 糧作／粮作
* 糧倉／粮仓 (liángcāng)
* 糧單／粮单
* 糧多草廣／粮多草广
* 糧寡兵微／粮寡兵微
* 糧戶／粮户
* 糧棧／粮栈
* 糧盡援絕／粮尽援绝
* 糧秣／粮秣 (liángmò)
* 糧稅／粮税
* 糧站／粮站
* 糧船／粮船
* 糧草／粮草 (liángcǎo)
* 糧行／粮行
* 糧豐／粮丰 (Liángfēng)
* 糧車／粮车
* 糧道／粮道 (Liángdào)
* 糧長／粮长
* 糧食／粮食 (liángshí)
* 糧食作物／粮食作物
* 糧食局／粮食局
* 糧餉／粮饷 (liángxiǎng)
* 細糧／细粮 (xìliáng)
* 絕糧／绝粮
* 缺糧／缺粮 (quēliáng)
* 芻糧／刍粮
* 行糧／行粮
* 裹糧／裹粮
* 裹糧策馬／裹粮策马
* 見糧／见粮
* 贏糧／赢粮
* 軍糧／军粮 (jūnliáng)
* 輸糧／输粮
* 轉糧／转粮
* 道糧／道粮
* 錢糧／钱粮 (qiánliáng)
* 雜糧／杂粮 (záliáng)
* 飛糧輓秣／飞粮挽秣
* 飛芻輓糧／飞刍挽粮
* 食糧／食粮 (shíliáng)
* 餘糧／余粮 (yúliáng)
* 饋糧／馈粮
* 饋貧糧／馈贫粮
* 黃糧／黄粮 (Huángliáng)
* 齎盜糧／赍盗粮

### References

* “糧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “Entry #12576”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* food, provisions

#### Readings

* Go-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: りょう (ryō, Jōyō)
* Kun: かて (kate, 糧, Jōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 糧
* かて Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 糧 – see the following entry. :
| 【かて】 | [noun] food [noun] (figurative) guiding material for future endeavors |
(This term, 糧, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

糧 (eumhun 양식 량 (yangsik ryang), word-initial (South Korea) 양식 양 (yangsik yang))
* hanja form of [[량/양#Korean:_糧|량/양]] (“food, grain, provisions”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

糧: Hán Nôm readings: lương
* chữ Hán form of lương (“food supplies; salary”).