# ὄρος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* οὖρος (oûros) — Epic, Lyric
* ὦρος (ôros) — Doric

### Etymology

Either from ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “I raise”), or possibly directly from a Proto-Indo-European *h₃eros; either way, derived from the root *h₃er- (“to rise, spring, stir”).
Compare Sanskrit ऋष्व (ṛṣvá). Possibly related are the personal names Ὀρειάς (Oreiás), Mycenaean Greek 𐀃𐀩𐁀 (o-re-ha, “Oreās”), and Ὀρέστης (Oréstēs), Mycenaean Greek 𐀃𐀩𐀲 (o-re-ta, “Orestās”).
The sense "desert" is a semantic loan from Demotic tw (“mountain, desert”), from Egyptian ḏw (“mountain”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ó.ros/ → /ˈo.ros/ → /ˈo.ros/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ó.ros/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈo.ros/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈo.ros/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈo.ros/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈo.ros/

### Noun

ὄρος • (óros) n (genitive ὄρεος or ὄρους or οὔρεος); third declension
* a mountain, hill
* mountain chain
* district, sector, precinct, parish
* (Egypt) desert

#### Derived terms

* ὀροφῠ́λᾰξ (orophúlax)

#### Descendants

* Greek: όρος m (óros, “mountain”)
* → English: oro-
* → Italian: oro-

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὄρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1109-10
* ↑ John Chadwick, Lydia Baumbach (1963) “The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary”, in Glotta : Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache, volume 41, number 3/4, Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 228 of 157–271: “ὄρος”

### Further reading

* “ὄρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ὄρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ὄρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ὄρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “ὄρος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G3735 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* ὄρος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. hill idem, page 400.mountain idem, page 543.range idem, page 670.
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 326
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* Cuvigny, Hélène (2018) “A Survey of Place-Names in the Egyptian Eastern Desert during the Principate according to the Ostraca and the Inscriptions”, in Jean-Pierre Brun, Thomas Faucher, Bérangère Redon et Steven Sidebotham, editors, The Eastern Desert of Egypt during the Greco-Roman Period: Archaeological Reports‎, Paris: Collège du France / Open Edition, →DOI, § 195, page 125