# 杻

| 杻 | U+677B, &#26491; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-677B |
| ← 杺 [U+677A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 杼 → [U+677C] |
| 杻 | U+F9C8, &#63944; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C8 |
| ← 劉 [U+F9C7] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 柳 → [U+F9C9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

杻 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木弓土 (DNG), four-corner 4791$_5$, composition ⿰木丑)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 514, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14512
* Dae Jaweon: page 901, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1175, character 7
* Unihan data for U+677B
* Unihan data for U+F9C8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 峱 | *nuː |
| 紐 | *nuʔ |
| 扭 | *nuʔ, *tnuʔ |
| 狃 | *nuʔ, *nus |
| 鈕 | *nuʔ |
| 忸 | *nuʔ, *nuɡ |
| 杻 | *nuʔ, *n̥ʰuʔ |
| 莥 | *nuʔ |
| 羞 | *snu |
| 丑 | *n̥ʰuʔ |
| 沑 | *njuʔ, *nuɡ |
| 粈 | *njuʔ |
| 衄 | *nuɡ, *njuɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuʔ, *n̥ʰuʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ) – wooden manacles or handcuffs. However, the phonetic component indicates either a hand or an animal claw, hence it adds part of the meaning.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chǒu, niǔ (chou$^3$, niu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄡˇ, ㄋㄧㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cau$^2$ / lau$^2$ / nau$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chǒu
*** Wade–Giles: chʻou$^3$
*** Yale: chǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: choou
*** Palladius: чоу (čou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: niǒu
*** Wade–Giles: niu$^3$
*** Yale: nyǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neou
*** Palladius: ню (nju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cau$^2$ / lau$^2$ / nau$^2$
*** Yale: cháu / láu / náu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsau$^2$ / lau$^2$ / nau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ceo$^2$ / leo$^2$ / neo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐu̯³⁵/, /lɐu̯³⁵/, /nɐu̯³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: nrjuwX, trhjuwX
Rime :
| Character | 杻 | 杻 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) | 徹 (10) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 女久切 | 敕久切 |
| Baxter | nrjuwX | trhjuwX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳɨu$^X$/ | /ʈʰɨu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳiu$^X$/ | /ʈʰiu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /niəu$^X$/ | /ȶʰiəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳuw$^X$/ | /ʈʰuw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /niu$^X$/ | /ȶʰiu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /nĭəu$^X$/ | /ȶʰĭəu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ni̯ə̯u$^X$/ | /ȶʰi̯ə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | niǔ | chǒu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nau$^5$ | cau$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥<r>uʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*nuʔ/, /*n̥ʰuʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 杻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chǒu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trhjuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*n̥<r>uʔ/ |
| English | shackles, handcuffs |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 杻 | 杻 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1522 | 1527 |
| Phonetic component | 丑 | 丑 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 狃 | 丑 |
| Old Chinese | /*nuʔ/ | /*n̥ʰuʔ/ |

### Definitions

杻
* Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet) — a kind of shrub or small tree
* handcuffs, manacles (perhaps originally made of wood)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ちゅう (chū)、ちゅ (chu)、しゅう (shū)、にゅ (nyu)
* Kun: てかせ (tekase)

## Korean
### Hanja

杻 • (nyu>yu, chu) (hangeul 뉴>유, 추, revised nyu>yu, chu, McCune–Reischauer nyu>yu, ch'u, Yale nyu>yu, chwu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

杻: Hán Nôm readings: nữu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation