# 讖

| 讖 | U+8B96, &#35734; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B96 |
| ← 讕 [U+8B95] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 讗 → [U+8B97] |

## Translingual
### Han character

讖 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+17, 24 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人戈一 (YROIM), four-corner 0365$_0$, composition ⿰訁韱)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1187, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36144
* Dae Jaweon: page 1651, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4032, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8B96

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 讖 | *sʰrims |
| 攕 | *sreːm |
| 櫼 | *sreːm, *ʔsem |
| 懺 | *sʰraːms |
| 殲 | *ʔsem |
| 瀸 | *ʔsem |
| 鑯 | *ʔsem |
| 虃 | *ʔslem |
| 籤 | *sʰem |
| 韯 | *sem |
| 纖 | *sem |
| 孅 | *sem |
| 韱 | *sem |
| 襳 | *sem, *srem, *srim |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰrims) : semantic 言 (“words; speech; language”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chèn (chen$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cam$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cháing
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ceng$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhàm
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chèn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻên$^4$
*** Yale: chèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chenn
*** Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cam$^3$
*** Yale: cham
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsam$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cem$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐm³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cháing
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaiŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ceng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhàm
*** Tâi-lô: tshàm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhaxm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰam²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam²¹/
* Middle Chinese: tsrhimH
Rime :
| Character | 讖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 楚譖切 |
| Baxter | tsrhimH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃʰˠiɪm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚim$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃʰiem$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂʰjim$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃʰjəm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃʰĭĕm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂʰi̯əm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cam$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰrims/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 讖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1401 |
| Phonetic component | 韱 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 讖 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰrims/ |

#### Definitions

讖
* text of soothsay
* prophecy

#### Compounds

* 一語成讖 / 一语成谶 (yīyǔchéngchèn)
* 圖讖 / 图谶
* 支讖 / 支谶
* 符讖 / 符谶
* 經讖 / 经谶
* 詩讖 / 诗谶
* 讖文 / 谶文
* 讖緯 / 谶纬 (chènwěi)
* 讖記 / 谶记
* 讖語 / 谶语 (chènyǔ)
* 讖語餅 / 谶语饼

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: sấm (讖)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 讖 – see 懺 (“to repent; to confess on account of repentance”). (This character is a variant form of 懺).

#### Compounds

* 讖悔 / 谶悔 (chànhuǐ)

### References

* “讖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “谶”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 29.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* a revealing omen

#### Readings

* Go-on: しん (shin)
* Kan-on: しん (shin)
* Kun: しるし (shirushi, 讖)、おみくじ (omikuji, 讖)

#### Compounds

* 讖(しん)緯(い) (shin'i)
* 讖(しん)言(げん) (shingen)
* 讖(しん)語(ご) (shingo)
* 讖(しん)書(しょ) (shinsho)
* 讖(しん)文(ぶん) (shinbun), 讖(しん)文(もん) (shinmon)
* 図(と)讖(しん) (toshin)
* 符(ふ)讖(しん) (fushin)

## Korean
### Hanja

讖 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

讖: Hán Việt readings: sấm

### Noun

讖 • (sấm)
* chữ Hán form of sấm (“prophecy”).

### References

* ↑ Nguyễn (2014).
* ↑ Trần (2004).