# 難過
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): nánguò
       (Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nan$^2$ go$^4$
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): lángo / lángō
* Cantonese (Jyutping): naan$^4$ gwo$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): lan$^4$ 'guo$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nàn-ko
* Northern Min (KCR): nûing-gua̿
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lân-kò / lân-kè / lân-kòe / lân-kèr
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): naan$^4$ gu$^3$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$ne-ku$_5$ / $^2$noe-ku$_5$ / $^2$ne-kou$_5$ / $^2$naen-ku$_5$ / $^2$nae-kou$_5$
** (Jinhua): $^2$na-kuo$_5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nánguò
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nánguò
*** Wade–Giles: nan$^2$-kuo$^4$
*** Yale: nán-gwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nanguoh
*** Palladius: наньго (nanʹgo)
*** Sinological IPA : /nän³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nan$^2$ go$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lango
*** Sinological IPA : /nan²¹ ko²¹³/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: lángo [Phonetic: lǎngo] / lángō
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): lan$^2$ go$^0$ [Phonetic: lan$^3$ go$^0$] / lan$^2$ go$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lã²⁴⁻¹¹ ko/, /lã²⁴ ko⁴⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naan$^4$ gwo$^3$
*** Yale: nàahn gwo
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naan$^4$ gwo$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nan$^4$ guo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːn²¹ kʷɔː³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: lan$^4$ 'guo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lan³⁵ ˈkuo³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nàn-ko
*** Hakka Romanization System: nan$^ˇ$ go
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nan$^2$ go$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /nan¹¹ ko⁵⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nûing-gua̿
*** Sinological IPA : /nuiŋ³³ kua³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lân-kò
*** Tâi-lô: lân-kò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lankoix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lan¹³⁻²² ko²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lan²⁴⁻²² ko²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lân-kè
*** Tâi-lô: lân-kè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lankex
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lan²⁴⁻²² ke²¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lân-kòe
*** Tâi-lô: lân-kuè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lankoex
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lan¹³⁻²² kue²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lân-kèr
*** Tâi-lô: lân-kèr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lan²⁴⁻²² kə⁴¹/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: naan$^4$ gu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /nan²¹ ku⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ne-ku$_5$
*** MiniDict: ne$^去$ ku$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ne-ku$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ne²² ku⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Chongming)
*** Wugniu: $^2$noe-ku$_5$
*** MiniDict: noe$^平$ ku$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦnø²⁴ ku³³/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$ne-kou$_5$
*** MiniDict: ne$^平$ kou$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ne²² kəu³³/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$naen-ku$_5$
*** MiniDict: naen$^平$ ku$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /nẽ̞²² ku³⁴/
** (Northern: Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^2$nae-kou$_5$
*** MiniDict: nae$^平$ kou$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /nɛ²² kəu⁵¹/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^2$na-kuo$_5$
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /nɑ³¹ kuɤ⁵⁵/

### Adjective

難過
* (of life) difficult to get by
       Xiànzài zhè rìzǐ zhēnshì nánguò. [Pinyin]
       It's really hard to get by these days.
* (of health) unwell; ill
       Wǒ juéde wèi lǐ hěn nánguò, néng bù néng dài wǒ qù kàn yīxià yīshēng? [Pinyin]
       I am not feeling well in my stomach. Can you take me to see the doctor?
* (of feelings) sad; sorry
       Wǒ zhēn wèi tā nánguò, zhème xiǎo jiù shīqù le tā de fùqīn. [Pinyin]
       I feel really sorry for him that he lost his father at such a young age.
       Nǐ gāngcái de jiǎnghuà ràng wǒ fēicháng de nánguò. [Pinyin]
       Your speech just now made me very sad.

#### Synonyms

* (difficult to get by): 苦 (kǔ)
* (sad):
* 京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
* 傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
* 傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
* 傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
* 傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
* 傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
* 傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
* 刺心 (cìxīn)
* 哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
* 哀切 (āiqiè)
* 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
* 哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
* 哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
* 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
* 哀痛 (āitòng)
* 哀苦 (āikǔ)
* 心酸 (xīnsuān)
* 怛傷／怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
* 悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
* 情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
* 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
* 悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
* 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
* 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
* 悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
* 悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
* 悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
* 悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
* 悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
* 悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
* 悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
* 悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
* 悲戚 (bēiqī)
* 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
* 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
* 悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
* 悲痛 (bēitòng)
* 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
* 感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
* 愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
* 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
* 惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
* 愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
* 慘／惨 (cǎn)
* 憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
* 慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
* 憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
* 憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
* 慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
* 憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
* 懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
* 沉痛 (chéntòng)
* 淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
* 淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
* 淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
* 淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
* 淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
* 淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
* 痛心 (tòngxīn)
* 艱苦心／艰苦心 (Hokkien)
* 蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
* 酸心 (suānxīn)
* 難受／难受 (nánshòu)
* 青凊 (Hokkien)
* 黯然 (ànrán)