# 千年
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiānnián
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cin$^1$ nin$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhiên-ngièn / chhiên-ngiàn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chheng-nî / chhian-nî / chhian-liân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): coin$^1$ ni$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$chi-gni$_6$ / $^1$tshie-gnie$_2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiānnián
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciannián
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^1$-nien$^2$
*** Yale: chyān-nyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiannian
*** Palladius: цяньнянь (cjanʹnjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cin$^1$ nin$^4$
*** Yale: chīn nìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsin$^1$ nin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qin$^1$ nin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ niːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiên-ngièn
*** Hakka Romanization System: qien$^ˊ$ ngien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qian$^1$ ngian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯en²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiên-ngiàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: qien$^ˊ$ ngian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qian$^1$ ngian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯en²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng-nî
*** Tâi-lô: tshing-nî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhengnii
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhian-nî
*** Tâi-lô: tshian-nî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiennii
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhian-liân
*** Tâi-lô: tshian-liân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chienlieen
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: coin$^1$ ni$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshoiⁿ nî
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰõĩ³³⁻²³ ni⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$chi-gni$_6$
*** MiniDict: chi$^平$ nyi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$qi-nyi$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ n̠ʲi²¹/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tshie-gnie$_2$
*** MiniDict: tshie$^平$ nye$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰɪ⁴⁴ n̠ʲɪ/
* Middle Chinese: tshen nen
Rime :
| Character | 千 | 年 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 蒼先切 | 奴顚切 |
| Baxter | tshen | nen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰen/ | /nen/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰen/ | /nen/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛn/ | /nɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛn/ | /nɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰen/ | /nen/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰien/ | /nien/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰien/ | /nien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiān | nián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cin$^1$ | nin$^4$ |

### Noun

千年
* a millennium; a thousand years; (figurative) a very long time
    紙壽千年。／纸寿千年。 ― Zhǐ shòu qiānnián. ― Xuan paper has a shelf life of one thousand years.

#### Synonyms

* 千春 (qiānchūn) (literary)
* 千秋 (qiānqiū)
* 千紀／千纪 (qiānjì)

#### Derived terms

* 千年殺／千年杀 (qiānniánshā)
* 千年蟲／千年虫 (qiānniánchóng)

#### See also

* 百年 (bǎinián)
* 十年 (shínián)
* 萬年／万年 (wànnián)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 千 | 年 |
| せん Grade: 1 | ねん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せんねん [séꜜǹnèǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sẽ̞nːẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

千(せん)年(ねん) • (sennen)
* a millennium; a thousand years

#### Synonyms

* 千歳(ちとせ) (chitose)

#### See also

* ミレニアム (mireniamu)
Japanese number-counter combinations for 年(ねん) (nen) :
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 一(いち)年(ねん) (ichinen) | 二(に)年(ねん) (ninen) | 三(さん)年(ねん) (sannen) | 四(よ)年(ねん) (yonen) | 五(ご)年(ねん) (gonen) |
| 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 六(ろく)年(ねん) (rokunen) | 七(なな)年(ねん) (nananen) 七(しち)年(ねん) (shichinen) | 八(はち)年(ねん) (hachinen) | 九(きゅう)年(ねん) (kyūnen) 九(く)年(ねん) (kunen) | 十(じゅう)年(ねん) (jūnen) |
| 100 | 1,000 | 10,000 | How many? What year? | |
| 百(ひゃく)年(ねん) (hyakunen) | 千(せん)年(ねん) (sennen) | 一(いち)万(まん)年(ねん) (ichimannen) | 何(なん)年(ねん) (nannen) | |

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 千 | 年 |

### Proper noun

千年 • (Cheonnyeon) (hangeul 천년)
* hanja form of 천년 (“a millennium; a thousand years”)