# 夠

| 夠 | U+5920, &#22816; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5920 |
| ← 够 [U+591F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 夡 → [U+5921] |

## Translingual
### Han character

夠 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓弓心口 (NNPR), four-corner 2722$_0$, composition ⿰多句)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 247, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5777
* Dae Jaweon: page 491, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 864, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5920

#### Usage notes

This character is listed in the Kangxi dictionary as an alternative form of 够.

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 勾 | *koː, *koːs |
| 鉤 | *koː |
| 鴝 | *koː, *ɡo |
| 句 | *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo |
| 夠 | *koː, *koːs, *kʰoː |
| 枸 | *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ |
| 軥 | *koː, *koːs, *ɡo |
| 狗 | *koːʔ |
| 苟 | *koːʔ |
| 岣 | *koːʔ, *ko |
| 笱 | *koːʔ |
| 玽 | *koːʔ |
| 耇 | *koːʔ |
| 豿 | *koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ |
| 敂 | *koːʔ |
| 怐 | *koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos |
| 雊 | *koːs |
| 竘 | *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ |
| 齁 | *qʰoː |
| 呴 | *qʰoːʔ, *qʰos |
| 蚼 | *qʰoːʔ, *ɡo |
| 豞 | *qʰoːs |
| 訽 | *qʰoːs, *ɡoːs |
| 佝 | *qʰoːs |
| 拘 | *ko |
| 駒 | *ko |
| 眗 | *ko |
| 跔 | *ko |
| 鮈 | *ko |
| 痀 | *ko |
| 蒟 | *koʔ, *kos |
| 絇 | *kos, *ɡo |
| 邭 | *kos |
| 劬 | *ɡo |
| 朐 | *ɡo |
| 鼩 | *ɡo |
| 斪 | *ɡo |
| 翑 | *ɡo |
| 葋 | *ɡo |
| 姁 | *ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos |
| 欨 | *qʰo, *qʰoʔ |
| 喣 | *qʰoʔ |
| 煦 | *qʰoʔ, *qʰos |
| 昫 | *qʰos |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː, *koːs, *kʰoː) : semantic 多 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gòu (gou$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gau$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): geu$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kieu
* Eastern Min (BUC): gáiu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kàu / kiò / kò͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gou$^3$ / gao$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gòu
*** Wade–Giles: kou$^4$
*** Yale: gòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gow
*** Palladius: гоу (gou)
*** Sinological IPA : /koʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gau$^3$
*** Yale: gau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐu̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: geu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /keu³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kieu
*** Hakka Romanization System: gieu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gieu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gáiu
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑu²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàu
*** Tâi-lô: kàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kaux
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kau²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kau¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiò
*** Tâi-lô: kiò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kioix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kio⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘
*** Tâi-lô: kòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kox
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ²¹/
* kàu - vernacular;
* kiò/kò͘ - literary.
* Middle Chinese: khuw, kuw
Rime :
| Character | 夠 | 夠 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 恪侯切 | 古侯切 |
| Baxter | khuw | kuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰəu/ | /kəu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰəu/ | /kəu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰəu/ | /kəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəw/ | /kəw/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰu/ | /ku/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰəu/ | /kəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰə̯u/ | /kə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kōu | gōu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hau$^1$ | gau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*koː/, /*koːs/, /*kʰoː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 夠 | 夠 | 夠 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 7065 | 7077 | 7082 |
| Phonetic component | 句 | 句 | 句 |
| Rime group | 侯 | 侯 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鉤 | 遘 | 彄 |
| Old Chinese | /*koː/ | /*koːs/ | /*kʰoː/ |

#### Definitions

夠
* to be enough; to be sufficient; to reach or achieve a desired level
    我的錢不夠。／我的钱不够。 ― Wǒ de qián bùgòu. ― I don't have enough money.
    一個就夠了。／一个就够了。 ― Yīge jiù gòu le. ― One is enough.
    他們說沒吃夠。／他们说没吃够。 ― Tāmen shuō méi chī gòu. ― They say that they're still hungry. (lit. They say that they didn't eat enough.)
* to reach
    夠不著／够不着 ― gòu bù zháo ― can't reach
* to have enough of something; to have a sufficient amount of something
    夠嗮嘢食／够嗮嘢食 [Cantonese] ― gau$^3$ saai$^3$ je$^5$ sik$^6$ [Jyutping] ― having plenty of things to eat
       keoi$^5$ m$^4$ gau$^3$ daam$^2$ sik$^6$ fung$^6$ zaau$^2$. [Jyutping]
       He doesn't have enough guts to try chicken feet.
    我夠了。／我够了。 ― Wǒ gòu le. ― I'm fine./I don't need more.
* (with negative connotations) quite; impressively
       Nǐmen zhēnde shì gòu lìhài le! [Pinyin]
       You lot are ridiculous!
    夠嗮煩／够嗮烦 [Cantonese] ― gau$^3$ saai$^3$ faan$^4$ [Jyutping] ― annoying to a remarkable extent
* (Cantonese) also
       hou$^2$ lek$^1$ me$^1$? ngo$^5$ gau$^3$ sik$^1$ jing$^1$ man$^{4-2}$ laa$^1$. [Jyutping]
       You're so smart! I also know English.
* (Hakka) serious; hardworking
* (Hakka) arrogant
* (Teochew) whole; entire
    夠日／够日 [Teochew] ― gao$^3$ rig$^8$ [Peng'im] ― whole day

##### Synonyms

* (to be enough): (Xinzhou Jin) 足沿
* (Hakka) 罅 (la)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 整 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 整 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 整 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 整 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 成, 冚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 成, 冚 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 成 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 成, 冚 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 成 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 規 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 規 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 規 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 規 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 規 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 規 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 規 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 規 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 規 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 規 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 規 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 規 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 規 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 夠, 咸 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 夠, 咸 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 夠 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 成 |

#### Compounds

* 不夠／不够 (bùgòu)
* 不夠味／不够味
* 不夠數兒／不够数儿
* 不夠料／不够料
* 不夠格／不够格
* 不夠眼光／不够眼光
* 不夠瞧／不够瞧
* 僅夠／仅够
* 儘夠／尽够
* 夠不上／够不上
* 夠交情／够交情
* 夠分量／够分量
* 夠力／够力 (gòulì)
* 夠勁／够劲
* 夠受／够受
* 夠味／够味
* 夠嗆／够呛 (gòuqiàng)
* 夠情調／够情调
* 夠數／够数
* 夠朋友／够朋友
* 夠本／够本 (gòuběn)
* 夠格／够格 (gòugé)
* 夠皮／够皮
* 夠瞧的／够瞧的
* 夠義氣／够义气
* 夠過兒／够过儿
* 夠面子／够面子
* 夥夠／伙够
* 有夠／有够 (yǒugòu)
* 能夠／能够 (nénggòu)
* 足夠／足够 (zúgòu)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gau$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): geu$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gau$^3$
*** Yale: gau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐu̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: geu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /keu³³/

#### Definitions

夠
* (Cantonese) Alternative form of 疚 (“tired”)

### References

* “夠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: あつまる (atsumaru, 夠まる)、おおい (ōi, 夠い)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

夠: Hán Việt readings: cú, cấu, hú
夠: Nôm readings: cấu
* chữ Hán form of cú (“to reach a goal or satisfaction”).

#### References

* 1 2 3 Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Trần (2004).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).