# 虧

| 虧 | U+8667, &#34407; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8667 |
| ← 虦 [U+8666] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 虨 → [U+8668] |
| 虧 | U+2F9B5, &#194997; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B5 |
| ← 虜 [U+2F9B4] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 虩 → [U+2F9B6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

虧 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 卜土一一尸 (YGMMS), four-corner 2122$_7$, composition ⿰雐亏(GHTV) or ⿰雐亐(JK))

#### Derived characters

* 𡓰, 𧃷, 𣌉, 𩆾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1075, character 42
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32770
* Dae Jaweon: page 1544, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2830, character 14
* Unihan data for U+8667
* Unihan data for U+2F9B5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 虧 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 唬 | *qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ |
| 戲 | *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː |
| 巇 | *qʰra |
| 隵 | *qʰra |
| 嚱 | *qʰras |
| 盧 | *b·raː |
| 鑪 | *raː |
| 壚 | *raː |
| 籚 | *raː |
| 蘆 | *raː, *ra |
| 顱 | *b·raː |
| 髗 | *b·raː |
| 鱸 | *raː |
| 攎 | *raː |
| 櫨 | *raː |
| 轤 | *raː |
| 黸 | *raː |
| 獹 | *raː |
| 鸕 | *raː |
| 艫 | *raː |
| 纑 | *raː |
| 瀘 | *raː |
| 瓐 | *raː |
| 爐 | *raː |
| 嚧 | *raː |
| 矑 | *b·raː |
| 罏 | *raː |
| 蠦 | *raː |
| 虜 | *raːʔ |
| 擄 | *raːʔ |
| 艣 | *raːʔ |
| 鐪 | *raːʔ |
| 虖 | *qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa |
| 虍 | *qʰaː |
| 雐 | *qʰʷlaː |
| 虎 | *qʰlaːʔ |
| 琥 | *qʰlaːʔ |
| 萀 | *qʰlaːʔ |
| 臚 | *b·ra |
| 廬 | *ra |
| 驢 | *b·ra |
| 藘 | *ra |
| 爈 | *ra, *ras |
| 櫖 | *ra, *ras |
| 儢 | *raʔ |
| 慮 | *ras |
| 勴 | *ras |
| 鑢 | *ras |
| 濾 | *ras |
| 攄 | *r̥ʰa |
| 處 | *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas |
| 豦 | *kas, *ɡa |
| 據 | *kas |
| 鐻 | *kas, *ɡa, *ɡaʔ |
| 澽 | *kas, *ɡas |
| 虛 | *kʰa, *qʰa |
| 墟 | *kʰa |
| 懅 | *ɡa |
| 蘧 | *ɡa, *ɡʷa |
| 籧 | *ɡa |
| 醵 | *ɡa, *ɡas, *ɡaɡ |
| 璩 | *ɡa |
| 虡 | *ɡaʔ |
| 遽 | *ɡas |
| 勮 | *ɡas |
| 噓 | *qʰa, *qʰas |
| 驉 | *qʰa |
| 歔 | *qʰa |
| 魖 | *qʰa |
| 膚 | *pla |
| 虧 | *kʰʷral |
| 噱 | *ɡaɡ |
| 臄 | *ɡaɡ |
| 劇 | *ɡaɡ |
| 諕 | *qʰʷraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷral) : phonetic 雐 (OC *qʰʷlaː) + semantic 亏 (“exhale”).

### Etymology
#### “quecto-”

    Phono-semantic matching of English quecto-. Coined by the China National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology and the State Administration for Market Regulation on World Metrology Day in 2023 (20 May 2023).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuī (kui$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kwai$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khuî
* Northern Min (KCR): kṳ́
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khui
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kui$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuī
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuei
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuei$^1$
*** Yale: kwēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuei
*** Palladius: куй (kuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwai$^1$
*** Yale: kwāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kuei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khuî
*** Hakka Romanization System: kui$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kui$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰu̯i²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰy⁵⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines, Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khui
*** Tâi-lô: khui
*** Phofsit Daibuun: quy
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /kʰui³³/
*** IPA (Longyan): /kʰui³³⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰui⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kui$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khui
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰui³³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit虧 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰuei⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /kʰuei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /kʰuei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /kʰuei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /kʰue²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /kʰuei²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /kʰuei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /kʰuɨ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /kʰuei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /kʰuei³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /kʰuei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /kʰuei⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /kʰuei⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /kʰuei⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /kʰuei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /kʰuəi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /kʰue²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰuei¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /kʰuei¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /kʰuei³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/ /kʰue⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /kʰue̞⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /kʰui³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /kʰai³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kʰue³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰye¹¹/ /kʰue¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kʰuei³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kʰuəi³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kʰui⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰui⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kʰui²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰwɐi⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʰʷɐi⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kʰwɐi⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰui⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰuoi⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰy⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰui³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xui²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: khjwe
Rime :
| Character | 虧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (14) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 去爲切 |
| Baxter | khjwe |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰˠiuᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰʷᵚiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰiuɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰjwiə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰjue/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰǐwe/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰwie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kuī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fai$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰ(r)aj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷral/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 虧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kuī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khjwe › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ʷʰ(r)aj/ |
| English | diminish |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 虧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5278 |
| Phonetic component | 虍 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 虧 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰʷral/ |
| Notes | 說文虍聲，觀聲母圓脣則於亦聲 |

### Definitions

虧
* to lose; to suffer losses
    虧了一千塊錢／亏了一千块钱 ― kuī le yīqiān kuài qián ― to have lost 1000 yuan
    From: 11th century CE, 蘇洵 (Su Xun), 六國論
    Lù Qín ér lì kuī, pòmiè zhī dào yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to be lacking; to be deficient
    理虧／理亏 ― lǐkuī ― to be in the wrong
* to treat unfairly
* luckily; it is fortunate that; thanks to
* used to show irony with a note of reproach
* (Cantonese) weak; unhealthy
       nei$^5$ jau$^5$ mou$^5$ gam$^3$ kwai$^1$ aa$^3$, haang$^4$ loeng$^5$ bou$^6$ lou$^6$ zau$^6$ cyun$^2$ saai$^3$ hei$^3$. [Jyutping]
       (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (Cantonese) not very functional; easy to break
       bou$^6$ din$^6$ nou$^5$ kwai$^1$ kwai$^1$ dei$^2$ ge$^2$. [Jyutping]
       The computer is not functioning well.
* [from 2022] (Mainland China) quecto- (SI unit prefix)
    Synonym: 匱／匮 (Taiwan)

#### Synonyms

* (to lose):
* 喪失／丧失 (sàngshī)
* 失掉 (shīdiào)
* 損／损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 損失／损失 (sǔnshī)
* 淪亡／沦亡 (lúnwáng)
* 滅絕／灭绝 (mièjué)
* (to be lacking):
* 不夠／不够 (bùgòu)
* 不敷 (bùfū) (literary)
* 不滿／不满 (bùmǎn)
* 不足 (bùzú)
* 乏達／乏达 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 匱乏／匮乏 (kuìfá)
* 欠 (qiàn)
* 欠缺 (qiànquē)
* 短少 (duǎnshǎo)
* 短缺 (duǎnquē)
* 絕乏／绝乏 (juéfá) (literary)
* 缺乏 (quēfá)
* 缺如 (quērú) (literary)
* 缺少 (quēshǎo)
* 缺欠 (quēqiàn)
* 缺缺 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 貧／贫 (pín) (literary, or in compounds)
* 闕乏／阙乏 (quēfá) (literary)
* 闕如／阙如 (quērú) (literary)
* (to treat unfairly):
* 對不住／对不住 (duìbùzhù)
* 對不起／对不起 (duìbùqǐ)
* 虧待／亏待 (kuīdài)
* 虧負／亏负 (kuīfù)
* 辜負／辜负 (gūfù)
* (luckily):
* 佳哉 (Hokkien)
* 多虧／多亏 (duōkuī)
* 好代得 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 好佳哉 (Hokkien)
* 好值得 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 好在 (hǎozài)
* 好彩 (Cantonese, Hakka)
* 好得 (Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew)
* 好是 (hǎoshì) (formal)
* 好路 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 幸好 (xìnghǎo)
* 幸而 (xìng'ér)
* 幸虧／幸亏 (xìngkuī)
* 得虧／得亏 (děikuī) (dialectal)
* 打幫／打帮 (Hakka)
* 虧得／亏得 (kuīde)
* 造化 (cô̤-*huá) (Eastern Min)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to lose”): (literary, or in compounds) 盈 (yíng)
* (antonym(s) of “to treat unfairly”):
* 對得住／对得住 (duìdezhù)
* 對得起／对得起 (duìdeqǐ)

### Compounds

* 不吃虧／不吃亏
* 不虧／不亏
* 初虧／初亏
* 功虧一簣／功亏一篑 (gōngkuīyīkuì)
* 吃啞吧虧／吃哑吧亏
* 吃眼前虧／吃眼前亏
* 吃虧／吃亏 (chīkuī)
* 命虧／命亏
* 啞巴虧／哑巴亏 (yǎbakuī)
* 多虧／多亏 (duōkuī)
* 大敗虧輸／大败亏输
* 幸虧／幸亏 (xìngkuī)
* 心虧／心亏
* 悶虧／闷亏 (mènkuī)
* 扭虧／扭亏
* 拉虧空／拉亏空
* 暗室虧心／暗室亏心
* 月滿則虧／月满则亏
* 月盈則虧／月盈则亏
* 有虧職守／有亏职守
* 理虧／理亏 (lǐkuī)
* 盈則必虧／盈则必亏
* 盈虧／盈亏 (yíngkuī)
* 益謙虧盈／益谦亏盈
* 腎虧／肾亏 (shènkuī)
* 落虧欠／落亏欠
* 虧不盡／亏不尽
* 虧圖／亏图
* 虧失／亏失
* 虧待／亏待 (kuīdài)
* 虧得／亏得 (kuīde)
* 虧心／亏心 (kuīxīn)
* 虧心事／亏心事 (kuīxīnshì)
* 虧心短行／亏心短行
* 虧折／亏折
* 虧損／亏损 (kuīsǔn)
* 虧本／亏本 (kuīběn)
* 虧欠／亏欠 (kuīqiàn)
* 虧殺／亏杀
* 虧短／亏短
* 虧空／亏空
* 虧累／亏累
* 虧耗／亏耗
* 虧蝕／亏蚀 (kuīshí)
* 虧負／亏负 (kuīfù)
* 虧輸／亏输
* 血虧／血亏 (xuèkuī)
* 行虧名缺／行亏名缺
* 負虧／负亏
* 超虧／超亏

#### See also

SI prefix :
| Last | |
| 絨/柔／绒/柔 | 匱/虧／匮/亏 |

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* wane (moon)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): き (ki)
* Kun: かける (kakeru)

## Korean
### Hanja

虧 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu, Yale hyu)
* lose, fail
* damage
* deficient

## Vietnamese
### Han character

虧: Hán Nôm readings: khuy, khuya, khuây
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.