# 燻べる
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 燻
* ふす Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese 燻ぶ, in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふすべる [fùsúbéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟sɨbe̞ɾɯ̟]

#### Verb

燻(ふす)べる • (fusuberu) transitive or intransitive ichidan (stem 燻(ふす)べ (fusube), past 燻(ふす)べた (fusubeta))
* to burn so as to produce much smoke
* to make something black with smoke
* to drive out (pests) with smoke; to fumigate
* (figuratively) to pout, sulk

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 燻べ | ふすべ | fusube |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 燻べ | ふすべ | fusube |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 燻べる | ふすべる | fusuberu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 燻べる | ふすべる | fusuberu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 燻べれ | ふすべれ | fusubere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 燻べよ¹ 燻べろ² | ふすべよ¹ ふすべろ² | fusubeyo¹ fusubero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 燻べられる | ふすべられる | fusuberareru |
| Causative | 燻べさせる 燻べさす | ふすべさせる ふすべさす | fusubesaseru fusubesasu |
| Potential | 燻べられる 燻べれる³ | ふすべられる ふすべれる³ | fusuberareru fusubereru³ |
| Volitional | 燻べよう | ふすべよう | fusubeyō |
| Negative | 燻べない 燻べぬ 燻べん | ふすべない ふすべぬ ふすべん | fusubenai fusubenu fusuben |
| Negative continuative | 燻べず | ふすべず | fusubezu |
| Formal | 燻べます | ふすべます | fusubemasu |
| Perfective | 燻べた | ふすべた | fusubeta |
| Conjunctive | 燻べて | ふすべて | fusubete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 燻べれば | ふすべれば | fusubereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||

##### Related terms

* 燻す
* 燻る

#### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 燻
* くす Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese 燻ぶ, in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くすべる [kùsúbéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])
* (Tokyo) くすべる [kùsúbérú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kɯ̟sɨbe̞ɾɯ̟]

#### Verb

燻(くす)べる • (kusuberu) transitive ichidan (stem 燻(くす)べ (kusube), past 燻(くす)べた (kusubeta))
* to burn something so as to produce much smoke
* to torment, bully

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 燻べ | くすべ | kusube |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 燻べ | くすべ | kusube |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 燻べる | くすべる | kusuberu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 燻べる | くすべる | kusuberu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 燻べれ | くすべれ | kusubere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 燻べよ¹ 燻べろ² | くすべよ¹ くすべろ² | kusubeyo¹ kusubero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 燻べられる | くすべられる | kusuberareru |
| Causative | 燻べさせる 燻べさす | くすべさせる くすべさす | kusubesaseru kusubesasu |
| Potential | 燻べられる 燻べれる³ | くすべられる くすべれる³ | kusuberareru kusubereru³ |
| Volitional | 燻べよう | くすべよう | kusubeyō |
| Negative | 燻べない 燻べぬ 燻べん | くすべない くすべぬ くすべん | kusubenai kusubenu kusuben |
| Negative continuative | 燻べず | くすべず | kusubezu |
| Formal | 燻べます | くすべます | kusubemasu |
| Perfective | 燻べた | くすべた | kusubeta |
| Conjunctive | 燻べて | くすべて | kusubete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 燻べれば | くすべれば | kusubereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||

##### Synonyms

* 燻す

#### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN