# 暖

| 暖 | U+6696, &#26262; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6696 |
| ← 暕 [U+6695] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 暗 → [U+6697] |

## Translingual
### Han character

暖 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 日月一水 (ABME), four-corner 6204$_7$, composition ⿰日爰)

#### Derived characters

* 𧞈

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 498, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14064
* Dae Jaweon: page 866, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1525, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6696

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 暖 | *noːnʔ |
| 煖 | *noːnʔ, *qʰʷan |
| 喛 | *qʰʷaːns, *qʰʷan |
| 緩 | *ɢʷaːnʔ |
| 鰀 | *ɢʷaːnʔ |
| 嵈 | *ɢʷaːnʔ |
| 鍰 | *ɢʷraːn |
| 湲 | *ɢʷan |
| 媛 | *ɢʷans, *ɢʷan |
| 瑗 | *ɢʷans |
| 援 | *ɢʷans, *ɢʷan |
| 褑 | *ɢʷans |
| 諼 | *qʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ |
| 愋 | *qʰʷan |
| 楥 | *qʰʷans |
| 爰 | *ɢʷan |
| 鶢 | *ɢʷan |
| 蝯 | *ɢʷan |
| 猨 | *ɢʷan |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *noːnʔ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 爰 (OC *ɢʷan). Later also used as a variant of 煖／暖 which is used as another word with different pronunciation.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): nuǎn (nuan$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄢˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nuan$^3$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): nuàn
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): nyun$^5$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): noen$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): non$^4$ / non$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): lon$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): nôn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): non$^1$ / non$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): nuan$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): nǒ̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): nuāng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nuang$^3$ / nuong$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): loán / lún
    (Teochew, Peng'im): luêng$^2$ / luang$^2$ / nuang$^2$ / ruang$^2$ / ruêng$^2$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): nuang$^2$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): nun$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$noe / $^3$nuon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lonn$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nuǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nuǎn
*** Wade–Giles: nuan$^3$
*** Yale: nwǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: noan
*** Palladius: нуань (nuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /nu̯än²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nuan$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: luan
*** Sinological IPA : /nuan⁵³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: nuàn
*** Sinological IPA : /nuã⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nyun$^5$
*** Yale: nyúhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nyn$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nün$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /nyːn¹³/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: noen$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /nøn¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: non$^4$ / non$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ⁿdᵘɔn²¹/, /ⁿdᵘɔn³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: lon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɵn²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nôn
*** Hakka Romanization System: non$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: non$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /non²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: non$^1$ / non$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /nɔn⁴⁴/, /nɔn³¹/
* Meixian:
** non1 - vernacular;
** non3 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: nwanX
Rime :
| Character | 暖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 乃管切 |
| Baxter | nwanX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nuɑn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nʷɑn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nuɑn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nwan$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /nuɑn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /nuɑn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /nuɑn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nuǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nyun$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*noːnʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 暖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16157 |
| Phonetic component | 爰 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 煗 |
| Old Chinese | /*noːnʔ/ |
| Notes | 煖分化字見墨子訓讀同煗 |

#### Definitions

暖
* warm; toasty
* (transitive) to warm; to warm up

##### Synonyms

* (to warm) 暖和 (nuǎnhuo)

#### Compounds

* 暖化 (nuǎnhuà)
* 暖和
* 暖呼呼
* 暖壺 / 暖壶 (nuǎnhú)
* 暖心 (nuǎnxīn)
* 暖房 (nuǎnfáng)
* 暄暖
* 暖暖 (Nuǎnnuǎn)
* 暖東 / 暖东 (Nuǎndōng)
* 暖氣 / 暖气 (nuǎnqì)
* 暖水瓶 (nuǎnshuǐpíng)
* 暖流 (nuǎnliú)
* 暖洋洋 (nuǎnyángyáng)
* 暖烘烘 (nuǎnhōnghōng)
* 暖爐 / 暖炉 (nuǎnlú)
* 暖瓶 (nuǎnpíng)
* 暖笠笠
* 暖簾 / 暖帘 (nuǎnlián)
* 暖色 (nuǎnsè)
* 暖融融
* 暖西 (Nuǎnxī)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xuān (xuan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hyun$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuān
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuan
*** Wade–Giles: hsüan$^1$
*** Yale: sywān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuan
*** Palladius: сюань (sjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hyun$^1$
*** Yale: hyūn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hyn$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hün$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hyːn⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

暖
* Used in 暖姝.
* Used in 暖暖 (xuānxuān).

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 暖 |
| Kyūjitai | 暖󠄁 暖+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 暖󠄃 暖+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* warm

#### Readings

* Go-on: なん (nan)
* Kan-on: だん (dan, Jōyō)
* Tō-on: のん (non)
* Kun: あたたか (atataka, 暖か, Jōyō)、あたたかい (atatakai, 暖かい, Jōyō)、あたためる (atatameru, 暖める, Jōyō)、あたたまる (atatamaru, 暖まる, Jōyō)
* Nanori: あつ (atsu)、ぬく (nuku)、はる (haru)、やす (yasu)

#### Compounds

* 暖(だん)気(き) (danki)
* 暖(だん)房(ぼう) (danbō)
* 暖(だん)流(りゅう) (danryū)
* 暖(だん)炉(ろ) (danro)
* 暖簾(のれん) (noren): noren, a Japanese curtain
* 温(おん)暖(だん) (ondan)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 暖
* だん Grade: 6
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 暖 (MC nwanX).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) だん [dáꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [dã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

暖(だん) • (dan)
* (only in set phrases) warmth
    暖(だん)を取(と)る
       dan o toru
       to get warmth

### Etymology 2
#### Proper noun

暖(あたた) or 暖(いふ) or 暖(うらら) or 暖(だん) or 暖(のどか) or 暖(のん) or 暖(はる) or 暖(はるか) or 暖(はるな) or 暖(ひなた) • (Atata or Ifu or Urara or Dan or Nodoka or Non or Haru or Haruka or Haruna or Hinata)
* a female given name

### References

* ↑ “暖”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Hanja

暖 (eumhun 따뜻할 난 (ttatteuthal nan))
* hanja form of 난 (“warm”)

#### Compounds

* 난방 (暖房, nanbang, “heating”)
* 난대 (暖流, nandae, “warm current”)
* 지구 온난화 (地球溫暖化, jigu onnanhwa, “global warming”)

### Etymology 2
#### Hanja

暖 (eumhun 부드러울 훤 (budeureoul hwon))
* hanja form of 훤 (“genial”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

暖: Hán Việt readings: huyên, noãn, nõng, nóng, nũn, nuỹn, nuyễn
暖: Nôm readings: hoãn, noãn, nõng, nóng, nũn, nuỹn, nuyễn
* chữ Hán form of noãn (“warm”).

#### References

* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).