# 爻

| 爻 | U+723B, &#29243; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-723B |
| ← 爺 [U+723A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 爼 → [U+723C] |
| ⽘ | U+2F58, &#12120; KANGXI RADICAL DOUBLE X |
| ← ⽗ [U+2F57] | Kangxi Radicals | ⽙ → [U+2F59] |

## Translingual
### Han character

爻 (Kangxi radical 89, 爻+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 大大 (KK), four-corner 4040$_0$, composition ⿱㐅乂)
* Kangxi radical #89, ⽘.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/爻
* 㤊, 𣏠, 䂚, 䋂, 覐, 訤, 𨈠, 䡈, 𨟿, 𩉤, 𩎔, 駁(驳), 𩨟, 𩵲
* 𠛄, 𢺽, 𢼂, 𤿓, 𧠔, 𩑛, 𩾾, 𡥈, 𢁫, 𢂞, 𥾥, 䒝, 𥤹, 笅, 𩬃, 棥, 𦥯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 690, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19737
* Dae Jaweon: page 1103, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 34, character 4
* Unihan data for U+723B

## Chinese

* 爻

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 爻 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 崤 | *ɢaːw, *ɢraːw |
| 郩 | *qaːwʔ |
| 敎 | *kraːw, *kraːws |
| 較 | *kreːwɢs, *kreːwɢ |
| 肴 | *ɢraːw |
| 淆 | *ɢraːw |
| 倄 | *ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ |
| 爻 | *ɢraːw |
| 餚 | *ɢraːw |
| 殽 | *ɢraːw |
| 笅 | *ɢraːw |
| 駁 | *praːwɢ |
Pictogram (象形) : 乂 + 乂 – 2 stacked ‘X’ marks. Some possible explanations exist:
* two couples of yarrow stalks to perform divinations (see also 學 and 覺)
* two couples of bamboo slips to perform calculations (see also 算 and perhaps both 學 and 覺)
* two marks to mean "crossing" (compare 交) or two marks with a general meaning (see 駁)
Similar but most likely unrelated to the original form of 五.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yáo (yao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaau$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yèu
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hâu / ngâu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yáo
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^2$
*** Yale: yáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yau
*** Palladius: яо (jao)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngaau$^4$
*** Yale: ngàauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngaau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngao$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaːu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèu
*** Hakka Romanization System: ieu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yeu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯eu̯¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèu
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ieu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yeu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯eu̯¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâu
*** Tâi-lô: hâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: haau
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /hau²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hau¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngâu
*** Tâi-lô: ngâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngaau
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ŋãu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋãu²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋãu¹³/
* Middle Chinese: haew
Rime :
| Character | 爻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 胡茅切 |
| Baxter | haew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠau/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚau/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣau/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨw/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣau/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣau/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣau/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiáo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kˤraw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢraːw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 爻 | 爻 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yáo | yáo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hæw › | ‹ hæw › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-kˁraw/ | /*N-kˁraw/ |
| English | change; hexagram | change; hexagram |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 爻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14649 |
| Phonetic component | 爻 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 肴 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢraːw/ |

#### Definitions

爻
* a figure composed of six stacked horizontal lines; a hexagram of the I Ching

#### Compounds

* 六爻
* 卦爻
* 陰爻／阴爻 (yīnyáo)
* 陽爻／阳爻 (yángyáo)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gâu
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâu
*** Tâi-lô: gâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gaau
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡau²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡau²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡau¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡau²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡau²³/

#### Definitions

爻
* (Southern Min) Alternative form of 𠢕
    From: 2020, 黃妃 [Huang Fei], 王瑞霞 [Anna Wang], 秀蘭瑪雅 [Showlen Maya], lyrics by 方文良 [Neil Fang], 上水的輪迴
    iân-hūn sī gâu tn̄g ê sòaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Fate is an easily broken string

### References

* “爻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “Query for 爻”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): こう (kō)
* Kun: まじわる (majiwaru)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 爻
* こう Hyōgai
* on'yomi

### Noun

爻(こう) • (kō)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Korean
### Hanja

爻 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

爻: Hán Nôm readings: hào, loài
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.