# 四月
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): sìyuè
       (Zhuyin): ㄙˋ ㄩㄝˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si$^4$ yue$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сыйүә (sɨyüə, III-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sei$^3$ jyut$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhei$^1$ ngut$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): si-ngie̍t / si-ngia̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xi$^4$ ngiad$^6$
* Northern Min (KCR): si̿-ngṳè
* Eastern Min (BUC): sé-nguŏk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sì-ge̍rh / sì-ge̍h / sì-goe̍h / sì-gēr / sì-gōe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^3$ ghuêh$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$sy-yuq; $^5$sy-yoq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sìyuè
*** Zhuyin: ㄙˋ ㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìhyuè
*** Wade–Giles: ssŭ$^4$-yüeh$^4$
*** Yale: sz̀-ywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syhyueh
*** Palladius: сыюэ (syjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: si$^4$ yue$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sye
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩²¹³ ye²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сыйүә (sɨyüə, III-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁴⁴ yə²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sei$^3$ jyut$^6$
*** Yale: sei yuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sei$^3$ jyt$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: séi$^3$ yud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sei̯³³ jyːt̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhei$^1$ ngut$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬei³³ ᵑɡut̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si-ngie̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: xi ngied
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xi$^4$ ngiad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵⁵ ŋi̯et̚⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si-ngia̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: xi ngiad
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xi$^4$ ngiad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵⁵ ŋi̯at̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xi$^4$ ngiad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵³ ŋiat̚⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: si̿-ngṳè
*** Sinological IPA : /si³³ ŋyɛ⁴²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sé-nguŏk
*** Sinological IPA : /si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋuoʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì-ge̍rh
*** Tâi-lô: sì-ge̍rh
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡəʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Singapore): /si²¹⁻⁴² ɡəʔ⁴³/
*** IPA (Lukang): /si³¹⁻⁵³ ɡəʔ³⁵/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /si¹²⁻⁵³ ɡəʔ⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu, Singapore, Philippines, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì-ge̍h
*** Tâi-lô: sì-ge̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sie'geh
*** IPA (Singapore): /si²¹⁻⁴² ɡeʔ⁴³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /si²¹⁻⁵³ ɡeʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Philippines, Jinjiang): /si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡeʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /si¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡeʔ⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Singapore, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì-goe̍h
*** Tâi-lô: sì-gue̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sie'goeh
*** IPA (Singapore): /si²¹⁻⁴² ɡueʔ⁴³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /si²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡueʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Tainan): /si²¹⁻⁵³ ɡueʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Penang): /si²¹⁻³³ ɡueʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si²¹⁻⁵³ ɡueʔ¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Sanxia)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì-gēr
*** Tâi-lô: sì-gēr
** (Hokkien: Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì-gōe
*** Tâi-lô: sì-guē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sie'goe
*** IPA (Yilan): /si²¹⁻⁵³ ɡue³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: si$^3$ ghuêh$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sì gue̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ɡueʔ⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$sy-yuq; $^5$sy-yoq
*** MiniDict: sy$^去$ yuih; sy$^去$ yoh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$sr-hhyq; $^2$sr-hhioq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩³³ ɦyɪʔ⁴⁴/, /sz̩³³ ɦioʔ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: sijH ngjwot
Rime :
| Character | 四 | 月 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 月 (68) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 息利切 | 魚厥切 |
| Baxter | sijH | ngjwot |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siɪ$^H$/ | /ŋʉɐt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /si$^H$/ | /ŋʷiɐt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjɪ$^H$/ | /ŋiuɐt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /si$^H$/ | /ŋuat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /si$^H$/ | /ŋiuɐt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /si$^H$/ | /ŋĭwɐt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si$^H$/ | /ŋi̯wɐt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sì | yuè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^3$ | jyut$^6$ |

### Noun

四月
* April
* The modern name for the fourth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.

#### Synonyms

* (Xiang) 四月間／四月间, 四月間子／四月间子
* (lunar month): 梅月 (Méiyuè), 清和 (Qīnghé), 初夏 (chūxià), 麥月／麦月, 桐夏, 餘月／余月, 孟夏 (Mèngxià), 純月／纯月

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 四 | 月 |
| し Grade: 1 | がつ Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 4月

### Etymology

四(し) (shi, “four”) + 月(がつ) (gatsu, “month”)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しがつ [shìgátsúꜜ] (Odaka –) noun
* (Tokyo) しがつ [shìgátsú] (Heiban – [0]) adverb
* (Tokyo) しがつ [shíꜜgàtsù] (Atamadaka – [1]) newly emerging accent, increasing number of users
* IPA: [ɕiɡa̠t͡sɨ]

### Noun

四(し)月(がつ) • (shigatsu)
* April

#### Synonyms

* 卯月(うづき) (uzuki)

### See also

* 四(よん)ヶ月(げつ) (yongagetsu)
* (Gregorian calendar months) 一(いち)月(がつ) (ichigatsu), 二(に)月(がつ) (nigatsu), 三(さん)月(がつ) (sangatsu), 四(し)月(がつ) (shigatsu), 五(ご)月(がつ) (gogatsu), 六(ろく)月(がつ) (rokugatsu), 七(しち)月(がつ) (shichigatsu), 八(はち)月(がつ) (hachigatsu), 九(く)月(がつ) (kugatsu), 十(じゅう)月(がつ) (jūgatsu), 十(じゅう)一(いち)月(がつ) (jūichigatsu), 十(じゅう)二(に)月(がつ) (jūnigatsu)

### References

* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (2016), NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ 塩田 雄大 (2001 February 1) “「２月」「４月」のアクセント”, in 最近気になる放送用語‎ (in Japanese), NHK Publishing, Inc., archived from the original on 2024-03-05: “ところが、本来尾高型の2月と4月を、頭高型で［ニ＼カ゜ツ］［シ＼カ゜ツ］と発音する人が増えています。間違えないように「頭高はゴー、サンキュー」と覚えておきましょう。 ［ニカ゜ツ＼］を［ニ＼カ゜ツ］と発音したところで意味が変わるわけではない、という意見もあるかもしれません。しかしこれは「耳障りなアクセント」だから放送では［ニカ゜ツ＼］と発音してほしい、という声が視聴者から数多く寄せられています。”

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 四 | 月 |

### Noun

四月 • (sawol) (hangeul 사월)
* hanja form of 사월 (“April”)