# 神人
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shénrén
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˊ ㄖㄣˊ
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n-ngìn
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zen-zen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shénrén
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˊ ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shénrén
*** Wade–Giles: shên$^2$-jên$^2$
*** Yale: shén-rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shernren
*** Palladius: шэньжэнь (šɛnʹžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂən³⁵ ʐən³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n-ngìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin$^ˇ$ ngin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^2$ ngin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹ ŋin¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen-zen
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$ zen
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen-zen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²² zən⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: zyin nyin
Rime :
| Character | 神 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 船 (27) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 食鄰切 | 如鄰切 |
| Baxter | zyin | nyin |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʑiɪn/ | /ȵiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʑin/ | /ȵin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʑjen/ | /ȵʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʑin/ | /ȵin/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʑiĕn/ | /ȵiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʑĭĕn/ | /ȵʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/ | /ȵʑi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shén | rén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san$^4$ | jan$^4$ |

### Noun

神人
* (literary) god; deity; spiritual being; immortal
    From: Mouzi Lihuolun
    Xī Xiàomíng huángdì, mèngjiàn shénrén, shēn yǒu rìguāng, fēi zài diàn qián. [Pinyin]
    In the past, Emperor Ming of Han dreamed of a spiritual being, whose body shone with sunlight and flew to the front of his palace.
* (literary) gods and humans
* (literary) man of great talent

#### See also

* 天人 (tiānrén)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 神 | 人 |
| じん Grade: 3 | にん Grade: 1 |
| goon ||
* Alternative spelling
* 神人 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese compound 神人 (MC zyin nyin). The 呉音 (goon) reading, so likely the initial borrowing.
Replaced by the jinin reading.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じんにん [jìńníń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑĩɲ̟ːĩɴ]

#### Noun

神(じん)人(にん) • (jinnin)
* (archaic) a low-ranking position at a shrine, helping to conduct the yearly ceremonies and patrolling the grounds, among other responsibilities

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 神 | 人 |
| じ Grade: 3 | にん Grade: 1 |
| irregular | goon |
* Alternative spelling
* 神人 (kyūjitai)
/d͡ʑinnin/ → /d͡ʑinin/
Change in pronunciation from jinnin. Now the more common reading.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じにん [jìníń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑiɲ̟ĩɴ]

#### Noun

神(じ)人(にん) • (jinin)
* from the Heian period through the Muromachi period, a low-ranking position at a shrine, helping to conduct the yearly ceremonies and patrolling the grounds, among other responsibilities
    In the late Heian period, the jinin position was useful for the protection offered by shrine authority, and mass demonstrations were held to press for various governmental changes, much as were held by Buddhist monks. Starting from the Kamakura period, lay people such as merchants or performers would subordinate to a shrine as jinin for purposes of exemption from various taxes or corvee labor requirements.

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 神 | 人 |
| しん Grade: 3 | じん Grade: 1 |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spelling
* 神人 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese compound 神人 (MC zyin nyin). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんじん [shìńjíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

#### Noun

神(しん)人(じん) • (shinjin)
* gods and humans
* a person of god-like nobility
* a person with mystical or god-like power
* (shinto) alternate for jinin above: a low-ranking position at a shrine, helping to conduct the yearly ceremonies and patrolling the grounds, among other responsibilities

##### Derived terms

* 神人同形説(しんじんどうけいせつ) (shinjin dōkei setsu): a belief or perspective that applies human or human-like qualities to gods and/or spirits, as a kind of personification

#### Proper noun

神(しん)人(じん) • (Shinjin)
* (Christianity) Jesus, Jesus Christ

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 神 | 人 |
| かみ Grade: 3 | ひと > びと Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 神人 (kyūjitai)
Compound of 神 (kami, “god, spirit”) +‎ 人 (hito, “person”). The hito changes to bito as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠mʲibʲito̞]

#### Noun

神(かみ)人(びと) • (kamibito)
* (archaic, Shinto) a priest
** c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Wakana, part 2) (text here):
    神人(かみびと)の手(て)に取(と)りもたる榊葉(さかきば)に / 木綿(ゆふ)かけ添(そ)ふる深(ふか)き夜(よ)の霜(しも)
       kamibito no te ni torimotaru sakakiba ni / yufu kake sofuru fukaki yo no shimo
       the deep night's frost accompanies the ceremonial ties / on the sakaki leaves held in the hands of the priests

### Etymology 5

Kanji in this term :
| 神 | 人 |
| かみ(ん) Grade: 3 | ちゅ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | irregular |
* Alternative spelling
* 神人 (kyūjitai)
From Okinawan 神人, in turn from 神 (kami, “god, spirit”) +‎ ん (n, possessive particle, reduced form of ぬ (nu)) +‎ 人 (tchu, “person”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠mʲĩɲ̟t͡ɕɨ]

#### Noun

神(かみん)人(ちゅ) • (kaminchu)
* (Okinawa, Shinto) Synonym of 巫女 (miko, “shrine maiden”)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN