# 蕭

| 蕭 | U+856D, &#34157; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-856D |
| ← 蕬 [U+856C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蕮 → [U+856E] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 蕭 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 䔥 |
| Simplified | 萧 |

### Han character

蕭 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿中難 (TLX), four-corner 4422$_7$, composition ⿱艹肅)

#### Derived characters

* 𡣾, 𢑁, 𢸳, 瀟, 𧅣, 櫹, 𤑳, 𦢩, 𬘎, 蠨, 𧹀, 𩙚, 𩧓

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1059, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32012
* Dae Jaweon: page 1522, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3308, character 12
* Unihan data for U+856D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 簫 | *sɯːw |
| 蕭 | *sɯːw |
| 瀟 | *sɯːw |
| 潚 | *sɯːw, *sɯwɢ |
| 彇 | *sɯːw |
| 蟰 | *sɯːw, *sɯwɢ |
| 橚 | *sɯːw, *sɯwɢ |
| 嘯 | *sɯːwɢs |
| 歗 | *sɯːwɢs |
| 熽 | *sɯːwɢs |
| 繡 | *sɯwɢs |
| 鏽 | *sɯwɢs |
| 肅 | *sɯwɢ |
| 鷫 | *sɯwɢ |
| 驌 | *sɯwɢ |
| 鱐 | *sɯwɢ |
| 璛 | *sɯwɢ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xiāo (xiao$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xiao$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): siu$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiau$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xieu$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sêu
    (Hailu, HRS): siau$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiau$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): siĕu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sieo$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sio / siau
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siao$^1$ / siou$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shiau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siao
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^1$
*** Yale: syāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiau
*** Palladius: сяо (sjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xiao$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiao
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiau⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^1$
*** Yale: sīu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhiau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiau³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xieu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɛu⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sêu
*** Hakka Romanization System: seu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: seu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /seu̯²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: siau$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /siau⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xiau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /siau⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siĕu
*** Sinological IPA : /sieu⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬieu⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio
*** Tâi-lô: sio
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioy
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sio³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sio⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siau
*** Tâi-lô: siau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siaw
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siau³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siau⁴⁴/
* sio - vernacular;
* siau - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit蕭 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiau⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕiau⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕiɑu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiɔ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /siɔ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /siau²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕiau²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕiɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕiɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕiɔ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕiɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕiau⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕiau⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕiao⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕiɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /siɔo³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕiɔ²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiau¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕiɔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕiɔ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiɔ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /siæ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɕiɔ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɕiɛ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /siɔ³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /siu¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /siau³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /siaɯ³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiɛu⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /siau⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /seu²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /siu⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ɬiu⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /siu⁵³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /siau⁵⁵/ /sio⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sieu⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /siau⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /siau³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /siau²³/ /tiau²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: sew
Rime :
| Character | 蕭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 蕭 (93) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 蘇彫切 |
| Baxter | sew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /seu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /seu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /seu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɛw/ |
| Li Rong | /seu/ |
| Wang Li | /sieu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /sieu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | siu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sˤiw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sɯːw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蕭 | 蕭 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiāo | xiāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sew › | ‹ sew › |
| Old Chinese | /*sˁiw/ | /*sˁiw/ |
| English | Artemisia | 蕭蕭 neighing of horses |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蕭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12114 |
| Phonetic component | 肅 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蕭 |
| Old Chinese | /*sɯːw/ |

### Definitions

蕭
* (obsolete) Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Bǐ cǎi xiāo xī, yīrì bù jiàn, rú sān qiū xī. [Pinyin]
    There he is gathering the oxtail-southern-wood! A day without seeing him, Is like three seasons!
* stark; desolate; bleak
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 肅／肃 (“respectful”)
* (～國) (historical) Xiao (an ancient state during the Spring and Autumn period, located in modern-day Xiao County, Anhui)
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Dōng, Chǔ zǐ fá Xiāo, Sòng Huà Jiāo yǐ Cài rén jiù Xiāo. [Pinyin]
    In winter the viscount of Chu invaded Xiao, which Hua Jiao of Song, with a body of men from Cai, endeavoured to relieve.
* (～縣) Xiao County (a county of Anhui, China)
* a surname
    蕭颯／萧飒 ― Xiāo Sà ― Hsiao Sa (Taiwanese author)

#### Usage notes

The character 肖 is more commonly used in the simplified script instead of 萧, when used as a surname or in transcriptions.

#### Descendants

* → English: Hsiao, Xiao, Siu

### Compounds

* 亂作蕭牆／乱作萧墙
* 刁蕭／刁萧
* 囊篋蕭然／囊箧萧然
* 四壁蕭條／四壁萧条
* 東坦蕭然／东坦萧然
* 環堵蕭然／环堵萧然
* 禍發蕭牆／祸发萧墙
* 禍稔蕭牆／祸稔萧墙
* 禍起蕭牆／祸起萧墙 (huòqǐxiāoqiáng)
* 經濟蕭條／经济萧条
* 蓼蕭／蓼萧
* 蕭史／萧史
* 蕭娘／萧娘
* 蕭寺／萧寺
* 蕭山／萧山 (Xiāoshān)
* 蕭散／萧散
* 蕭曹／萧曹
* 蕭條／萧条 (xiāotiáo)
* 蕭森／萧森
* 蕭灑／萧洒 (xiāosǎ)
* 蕭然／萧然
* 蕭牆／萧墙 (xiāoqiáng)
* 蕭牆之禍／萧墙之祸
* 蕭牆禍起／萧墙祸起
* 蕭瑟／萧瑟 (xiāosè)
* 蕭疏／萧疏 (xiāoshū)
* 蕭索／萧索 (xiāosuǒ)
* 蕭艾／萧艾
* 蕭蔘／萧𦲞
* 蕭蕭／萧萧 (xiāoxiāo)
* 蕭薔／萧蔷
* 蕭行范篆
* 蕭規／萧规
* 蕭規曹隨／萧规曹随 (xiāoguīcáosuí)
* 蕭邦／萧邦 (Xiāobāng)
* 蕭郎／萧郎 (xiāoláng)
* 蕭關／萧关 (Xiāoguān)
* 蕭颯／萧飒
* 蕭齋／萧斋
* 蘭玉蕭條／兰玉萧条
* 蘭芷蕭艾／兰芷萧艾
* 變起蕭牆／变起萧墙 (biànqǐxiāoqiáng)
* 身後蕭條／身后萧条
* 釁發蕭牆／衅发萧墙
* 釁起蕭牆／衅起萧墙
* 風雨蕭條／风雨萧条
* 飄蕭／飘萧

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 䔥 |
| Kyūjitai | 蕭 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 䔥)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* Kun: よもぎ (yomogi, 蕭)

## Korean
### Hanja

蕭 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

蕭: Hán Nôm readings: tiêu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.