# 曏

| 曏 | U+66CF, &#26319; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66CF |
| ← 曎 [U+66CE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 曐 → [U+66D0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

曏 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 日女竹中 (AVHL), four-corner 6022$_7$, composition ⿱日鄉 or ⿱日鄕)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 500, character 27
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14195
* Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1534, character 21
* Unihan data for U+66CF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 曏 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 曏 | *qʰjaŋʔ, *qʰjaŋs, *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs |
| 鄉 | *qʰaŋ |
| 薌 | *qʰaŋ |
| 膷 | *qʰaŋ |
| 響 | *qʰaŋʔ |
| 饗 | *qʰaŋʔ |
| 蠁 | *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs |
| 嚮 | *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs |
| 卿 | *kʰraŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰjaŋʔ, *qʰjaŋs, *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs) : semantic 日 + phonetic 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiàng, xiǎng (xiang$^4$, xiang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˋ, ㄒㄧㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hoeng$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàng
*** Wade–Giles: hsiang$^4$
*** Yale: syàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shianq
*** Palladius: сян (sjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎng
*** Wade–Giles: hsiang$^3$
*** Yale: syǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheang
*** Palladius: сян (sjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoeng$^3$
*** Yale: heung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hêng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hœːŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: xjangX, xjangH
Rime :
| Character | 曏 | 曏 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 4/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 許兩切 | 許亮切 |
| Baxter | xjangX | xjangH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨɐŋ$^X$/ | /hɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hiɐŋ$^X$/ | /hiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiɑŋ$^X$/ | /xiɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨaŋ$^X$/ | /hɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xiaŋ$^X$/ | /xiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭaŋ$^X$/ | /xĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi̯aŋ$^X$/ | /xi̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiǎng | xiàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hoeng$^2$ | hoeng$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥aŋʔ/, /*n̥aŋʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaŋʔ/, /*qʰaŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 曏 | 曏 |
| Reading # | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiǎng | xiàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjang$^X$ › | ‹ xjang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*n̥aŋʔ/ (W dialect: *n̥- > MC x-) | /*n̥aŋʔ-s/ (W dialect: *n̥- > MC x-) |
| English | a short time | a short time |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 曏 | 曏 |
| Reading # | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| No. | 13603 | 13604 |
| Phonetic component | 鄉 | 鄉 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 響 | 向 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰaŋʔ/ | /*qʰaŋs/ |

#### Definitions

曏
* in the near past; in the past; formerly
* facing; against

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shǎng (shang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shǎng
*** Wade–Giles: shang$^3$
*** Yale: shǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shaang
*** Palladius: шан (šan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Middle Chinese: syangX, syangH
Rime :
| Character | 曏 | 曏 |
| Reading # | 2/4 | 3/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 書兩切 | 式亮切 |
| Baxter | syangX | syangH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨɐŋ$^X$/ | /ɕɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiɐŋ$^X$/ | /ɕiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕiɑŋ$^X$/ | /ɕiɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕɨaŋ$^X$/ | /ɕɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiaŋ$^X$/ | /ɕiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭaŋ$^X$/ | /ɕĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯aŋ$^X$/ | /ɕi̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shǎng | shàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | soeng$^2$ | soeng$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥aŋʔ/, /*n̥aŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰjaŋʔ/, /*qʰjaŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 曏 | 曏 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shǎng | shàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syang$^X$ › | ‹ syang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*n̥aŋʔ/ | /*n̥aŋ-s/ |
| English | a short time | a short time |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 曏 | 曏 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 |
| No. | 13594 | 13595 |
| Phonetic component | 鄉 | 鄉 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 賞 | 餉 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰjaŋʔ/ | /*qʰjaŋs/ |

#### Definitions

曏
* short period of time; alternative form of 晌 (shǎng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* once upon time
* period of time

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): きょう (kyō)、こう (kō)、しょう (shō)
* Kun: さきに (sakini)

## Korean
### Hanja

曏 • (hyang, sang) (hangeul 향, 상, revised hyang, sang, McCune–Reischauer hyang, sang)
* lean towards
* advance
* see, look at

## Vietnamese
### Han character

曏: Hán Nôm readings: hướng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.