# 馬上
## Chinese
### Etymology

From 馬背上 (mǎ bèi shàng), "on horseback", by extension, "at once; immediately", on account of the horse being the fastest mode of transportation in ancient times.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mǎshàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˇ ㄕㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maa$^5$ soeng$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ma$^3$ song
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mâ-song
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ma$^1$ song$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): mā-*siông
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): má-siōng / má-siāng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ma$^2$ siang$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$ma-zaon$_6$ / $^1$mo-zaon$_6$ / $^6$ma-zaon$_6$ / $^6$mo-zaon$_6$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ma$^3$ shan$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǎshàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇ ㄕㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǎshàng
*** Wade–Giles: ma$^3$-shang$^4$
*** Yale: mǎ-shàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maashanq
*** Palladius: машан (mašan)
*** Sinological IPA : /mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maa$^5$ soeng$^6$
*** Yale: máh seuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maa$^5$ soeng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ma$^5$ sêng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /maː¹³ sœːŋ²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ma$^3$ song
*** Sinological IPA : /ma²¹³⁻²¹ sɔŋ¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mâ-song
*** Hakka Romanization System: ma$^ˊ$ song
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ma$^1$ song$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ma²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ma$^1$ song$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ma⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sɔŋ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mā-*siông
*** Sinological IPA : /ma³³⁻⁵⁵ suɔŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: má-siōng
*** Tâi-lô: má-siōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mafsiong
*** IPA (Taipei): /mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Singapore): /ma⁴²⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: má-siāng
*** Tâi-lô: má-siāng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mafsiang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ma$^2$ siang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: má siăng
*** Sinological IPA : /ma⁵²⁻³⁵ siaŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ma-zaon$_6$
*** MiniDict: 'ma$^平$ zaon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$'ma-zaan$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ma⁵⁵ zɑ̃²¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /mɑ⁴⁴ zɑ̃/
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$mo-zaon$_6$
*** MiniDict: 'mo$^平$ zaon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$'mo-zaan$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mo⁵⁵ zɑ̃²¹/
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ma-zaon$_6$
*** MiniDict: ma$^去$ zaon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ma-zaan$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ma²² zɑ̃⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$mo-zaon$_6$
*** MiniDict: mo$^去$ zaon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$mo-zaan$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mo²² zɑ̃⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ma$^3$ shan$^5$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ma̠⁴¹ ʂan²¹⁻¹¹/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /ma̠⁴¹ san²¹⁻¹¹/

### Adverb

馬上
* at once; immediately; without delay; in a minute; soon
    我馬上就回來。／我马上就回来。 ― Wǒ mǎshàng jiù huílái. ― I'll be back in a minute.
       Mǎshàng yào guònián le, huíqù yòu yào pīnjiǔ le. [Pinyin]
       Chinese New Year is coming soon, and I have to have drinking contests again when I go back.
* (literally and literary) on horseback
    From: c. 749, Cen Shen, Coming Across a Messenger Going Towards the Capital（《逢入京使》）, translated by Tang Yihe
    Mǎshàng xiāngféng wú zhǐbǐ, píng jūn chuányǔ bào píng'ān. [Pinyin]
    I meet with you on horseback With no paper and brush to write. Please bring a word to my folks: I'm quite well and all right.
    From: c. 822, Bai Juyi（白居易）,《自秦望赴五松驛，馬上偶睡，睡覺成吟》, translated as Sleeping on Horseback by Arthur Waley, 1919.
    Mǎshàng jǐduō shí, mèngzhōng wúxiàn shì. [Pinyin]
    For these few steps that my horse had carried me Had taken in my dream countless aeons of time!

#### Synonyms

* (at once):
* 即便 (jíbiàn) (literary)
* 即刻 (jíkè)
* 即時／即时 (jíshí) (formal)
* 及時／及时 (jíshí)
* 應時／应时 (yìngshí)
* 當即／当即 (dāngjí)
* 當時／当时 (dàngshí)
* 登即 (dēngjí)
* 登時／登时 (dēngshí)
* 眼看 (yǎnkàn)
* 眼見／眼见 (yǎnjiàn)
* 立刻 (lìkè)
* 立即 (lìjí)
* 立時／立时 (lìshí)
* 立馬／立马 (lìmǎ)
* 第一時間／第一时间 (dì-yī shíjiān)
* 隨即／随即 (suíjí)
* 隨手／随手 (suíshǒu)
* 頓時／顿时 (dùnshí)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 馬上, 立刻, 立即, 即時, 即刻, 隨即, 迅即, 立時, 當下, 當即, 登時, 頓時, 眼看 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 馬上, 立時刻, 立馬兒, 跟時, 跟手兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 馬上, 立刻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 馬上, 立刻亮兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 馬上 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 馬上, 立刻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 馬上, 馬上馬, 立刻, 立馬追即 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 跟著, 馬上, 眼看著 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 眼看, 當下, 說聲兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 馬上 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 馬上 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 眼看 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 馬上馬, 馬展, 馬時 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 馬上, 眼看 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 馬上, 立馬 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 馬上, 立馬兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 馬上, 跟倒, 跟即, 立時, 立馬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 馬上, 接身, 眼看 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 馬上, 立馬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 馬上 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 馬上 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 馬即, 馬上 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 馬上 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 馬上 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 即刻, 即時, 登時, 當堂 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 即刻, 立即, 即時, 當堂 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 即刻, 當下 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 即午, 馬上 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 跟手 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 即刻 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 即刻 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 馬上, 仰上 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 馬上, 即刻 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 馬上 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 即刻, 即時, 馬上, 黏時, 力曆 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 馬上 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 黏時, 黏皮, 跈等, 馬上 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 黏時, 黏皮, 跈等, 馬上 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 黏皮, 黏時, 跈等, 馬上 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 黏時, 跈緊, 跈核, 登時, 馬上 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 黏時, 跈等, 馬上 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 黏時, 隨 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 當時 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 馬上 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 馬上 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 馬上 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 即刻 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 馬上 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 馬上 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 跟手, 立馬, 立時三刻 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 眼看 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 馬上 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 此刻, 馬上, 連刻 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 連鞭, 隨, 隨時, 隨煞, 現煞, 馬上, 煞 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 連鞭, 隨, 隨煞, 現煞, 馬上, 煞 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 隨時 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 連鞭, 隨, 現煞, 馬上, 煞 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 連鞭, 隨時, 即時 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 馬上 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 隨, 隨隨, 隨時 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 隨時, 馬上, 即時 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 馬上 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 隨時, 靈時 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 馬上 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 當下, 即時 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 即刻, 登場 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 馬上, 即刻 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 馬上, 即刻 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 馬上, 即刻, 隨即, 立刻, 立時, 頓時, 歇歇, 立時三刻, 臨時豁腳, 立馬造橋 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 眼看 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 馬上 |
| Wu | Danyang | 跟手 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 立馬兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 隨手 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 馬上, 馬上馬, 隨手, 肇 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 馬上 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 馬上, 𪐀噠 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 馬下 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 馬上 |

#### Related terms

* 趕快／赶快 (gǎnkuài)

### References

* ↑ 文若愚 (2014) 语言常识全知道, 中国华侨出版社

### Further reading

* “Entry #6830”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 馬 | 上 |
| ば Grade: 2 | じょう Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

馬(ば)上(じょう) • (bajō)
* horseback, the back of a horse
* horseback riding

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
* Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN