# 上弦
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shàngxián
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^5$ jin$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shàngxián
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shàngsián
*** Wade–Giles: shang$^4$-hsien$^2$
*** Yale: shàng-syán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanqshyan
*** Palladius: шансянь (šansjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^5$ jin$^4$
*** Yale: séuhng yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^5$ jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^5$ yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ¹³ jiːn²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$上弦 上言

#### Verb

上弦
* to wind up a clock or watch

##### Synonyms

* 上發條／上发条 (shàng fātiáo)
* (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) 上鏈／上链

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shàngxián
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng$^6$ jin$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): siang$^5$ yen$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siōng-hiân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shàngxián
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shàngsián
*** Wade–Giles: shang$^4$-hsien$^2$
*** Yale: shàng-syán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanqshyan
*** Palladius: шансянь (šansjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^6$ jin$^4$
*** Yale: seuhng yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^6$ jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^6$ yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ²² jiːn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: siang$^5$ yen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /siaŋ³² jen²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng-hiân
*** Tâi-lô: siōng-hiân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioxnghieen
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hiɛn²⁴/

#### Noun

上弦
* first quarter (of the moon)

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 上(じょう)弦(げん) (jōgen)
* → Korean: 상현(上弦) (sanghyeon)
* → Vietnamese: thượng huyền (上弦)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 上 | 弦 |
| じょう Grade: 1 | げん Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じょーげん [jòógéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑo̞ːɡẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

上(じょう)弦(げん) • (jōgen)
* waxing crescent moon, a moon in its first quarter

#### See also

Lunar phases in Japanese · 月(げっ)相(そう) (gessō) :
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th |
| 新(にい)月(づき) (niizuki) 新(しん)月(げつ) (shingetsu) 朔(さく) (saku) 朔(さく)月(げつ) (sakugetsu) 月(つき)立(たち) (tsukitachi) | 二(ふつ)日(か)月(づき) (futsukazuki) 繊(せん)月(げつ) (sengetsu) 既(き)朔(さく) (kisaku) | 三(み)日(か)月(づき) (mikazuki) 若(わか)月(づき) (wakazuki) 眉(び)月(げつ) (bigetsu) 眉(まゆ)月(づき) (mayuzuki) | 四(よっ)日(か)月(づき) (yokkazuki) | 五(いつ)日(か)月(づき) (itsukazuki) |
| 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th |
| 六(むい)日(か)月(づき) (muikazuki) | 七(なの)日(か)月(づき) (nanokazuki) | 八(よう)日(か)月(づき) (yōkazuki) | 九(く)夜(や)月(づき) (kuyazuki) 九(ここの)日(か)月(つき) (kokonokatsuki) | 十(とう)日(かん)夜(や)の月(つき) (tōkan'ya no tsuki) |
| 十(とう)日(かん)夜(や)の月(つき) (tōkan'ya no tsuki) ||
| 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th |
| 十(じゅう)一(いち)日(にち)月(づき) (jūichinichizuki) | 十(じゅう)二(に)日(にち)月(づき) (jūninichizuki) | 十(じゅう)三(さん)夜(や) (jūsan'ya) | 十(じゅう)四(よっ)日(か)月(づき) (jūyokkazuki) 小(こ)望(もち)月(づき) (komochizuki) 幾(き)望(ぼう) (kibō) 待(まつ)宵(よい)月(づき) (matsuyoizuki) | 十(じゅう)五(ご)夜(や) (jūgoya) 十(じゅう)五(ご)夜(や)の月(つき) (jūgoya no tsuki) 望(ぼう) (bō) 望(もち)月(づき) (mochizuki) 満(まん)月(げつ) (mangetsu) 三(さん)五(ご)の月(つき) (sango no tsuki) |
| 16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th |
| 十六夜(いざよい) (izayoi) 十六夜(いざよい)の月(つき) (izayoi no tsuki) 既(き)望(ぼう) (kibō) 猶予(いざよう)月(つき) (izayōtsuki) | 立(たち)待(まち)月(づき) (tachimachizuki) | 居(い)待(まち)月(づき) (imachizuki) | 寝(ね)待(まち)月(づき) (nemachizuki) 臥(ふし)待(まち)月(づき) (fushimachizuki) | 二十(はつ)日(か)月(づき) (hatsukazuki) 更(ふけ)待(まち)月(づき) (fukemachizuki) 亥(い)中(なか)の月(つき) (inaka no tsuki) |
| 21st | 22nd | 23rd | 24th | 25th |
| 二(に)十(じゅう)一(いち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūichinichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)二(に)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūninichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)三(さん)夜(や) (nijūsan'ya) 二(に)十(じゅう)三(さん)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūsannichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)四(よ)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūyonichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)五(ご)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūgonichizuki) |
| 二(に)十(じゅう)五(ご)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūgonichizuki) ||
| 26th | 27th | 28th | 29th | 30th |
| 二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)夜(や) (nijūrokuya) 二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūrokunichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)七(しち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūshichinichizuki) | 明(あ)けの三(み)日(か)月(づき) (ake no mikazuki) | 明(あ)けの三(み)日(か)月(づき) (ake no mikazuki) | 三十(みそ)日(か) (misoka) 三十(みそ)日(か)月(づき) (misokazuki) |
| 二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)夜(や) (nijūrokuya) 二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūrokunichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)七(しち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūshichinichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)八(はち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūhachinichizuki) | 晦(つごもり) (tsugomori) | 晦(つごもり) (tsugomori) |
| Others |||||
| After 16th | In rain | | | |
| 残(ざん)月(げつ) (zangetsu) 有(あり)明(あけ)の月(つき) (ariake no tsuki) 有(あり)明(あけ)月(つき) (ariaketsuki) 有(あり)明(あけ) (ariake) 有(あり)明(あけ)月(づく)夜(よ) (ariakezukuyo) 有(あり)明(あけ)月(づき)夜(よ) (ariakezukiyo) 昼(ひる)の月(つき) (hiru no tsuki) 暁(あかつき)月(づく)夜(よ) (akatsukizukuyo) 暁(あかとき)月(づく)夜(よ) (akatokizukuyo) 暁(あかつき)月(づき)夜(よ) (akatsukizukiyo) 暁(あかつき)月(づき) (akatsukizuki) 暁(あかとき)月(づき) (akatokizuki) 暁(ぎょう)月(げつ) (gyōgetsu) | 雨(あま)夜(よ)の月(つき) (amayo no tsuki) | | | |

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ “上弦”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 上 | 弦 |

### Noun

上弦 • (sanghyeon) (hangeul 상현)
* hanja form of 상현

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 上 | 弦 |

### Noun

上弦
* chữ Hán form of thượng huyền.