# 琢

| 琢 | U+7422, &#29730; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7422 |
| ← 琡 [U+7421] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 琣 → [U+7423] |
| 琢 | U+FA4A, &#64074; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA4A |
| ← 爫 [U+FA49] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 碑 → [U+FA4B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

琢 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+8 in Chinese and Korean, 玉+7 in Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese and Korean, 11 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 一土一尸人 (MGMSO), four-corner 1113$_2$, composition ⿰𤣩豖 or ⿰𤣩豕)

#### Derived characters

* 𣽗

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 734, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21058
* Dae Jaweon: page 1146, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1120, character 12
* Unihan data for U+7422
* Unihan data for U+FA4A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 冢 | *toŋʔ |
| 塚 | *toŋʔ |
| 涿 | *rtoːɡ |
| 琢 | *rtoːɡ |
| 啄 | *rtoːɡ, *toːɡ |
| 諑 | *rtoːɡ |
| 剢 | *toːɡ |
| 瘃 | *toɡ |
| 豖 | *tʰoɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtoːɡ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ). However, the phonetic component indicates a male castrated pig (thus a pig whose genitals are cut), hence it could add part of the meaning.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhuó (zhuo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): doek$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dók
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): doh$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tsoq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuó
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuó
*** Wade–Giles: cho$^2$
*** Yale: jwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo
*** Palladius: чжо (čžo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: doek$^3$
*** Yale: deuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: doek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tœːk̚³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dók
*** Sinological IPA : /touʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tok
*** Tâi-lô: tok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: doh$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: toh
*** Sinological IPA : /toʔ²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$tsoq
*** MiniDict: tsoh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$tsoq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soʔ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: traewk
Rime :
| Character | 琢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 覺 (10) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 竹角切 |
| Baxter | traewk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠʌk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚɔk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶɔk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈaɨwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶɔk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶɔk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶɔk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhuo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rtoːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 琢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1619 |
| Phonetic component | 豖 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 斲 |
| Old Chinese | /*rtoːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

琢
* to carve or cut jade or gemstone
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Yù bù zhuó, bù chéng qì; rén bù xué, bù zhī dào. Shìgù gǔ zhī wángzhě jiànguó jūn mín, jiàoxué wèi xiān. [Pinyin]
    If a jade is not carved, it will not become a vessel; if a person does not learn, he will not know the Way. It was thus that when the ancient sovereigns founded their states and ruled the people, they took education as their priority.
* (by extension) to cultivate (one's character, one's skills)
    From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE
    Kǒng mén dìzǐ qīshí zhī tú, jiē rèn qīngxiàng zhī yòng, bèifú shèngjiào, wéncái diāozhuó, zhīnéng shí bèi, jiàoxùn zhī gōng ér jiànzì zhī lì yě. [Pinyin]
    Each of the seventy disciples of Confucius's school served in ministerial roles. They donned the sagely teachings and cultivated their cultural refinement; their knowledge and ability grew tenfold. This was the result of instruction in the teachings, and the result of gradually becoming saturated [in these teachings].

##### Compounds

* 切磋琢磨 (qiēcuōzhuómó)
* 琢句
* 琢玉成器
* 琢磨
* 粉妝玉琢／粉妆玉琢
* 粉裝玉琢／粉装玉琢 (fěnzhuāngyùzhuó)
* 精雕細琢／精雕细琢
* 雕琢 (diāozhuó)
* 雕肝琢腎／雕肝琢肾
* 雕肝琢膂

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zuó (zuo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zuó
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zuó
*** Wade–Giles: tso$^2$
*** Yale: dzwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzwo
*** Palladius: цзо (czo)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su̯ɔ³⁵/

#### Definitions

琢
* Only used in 琢磨 (zuómo, “to think over; to ponder”).

### References

* “琢”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 琢 |
| Kyūjitai | 琢 &#xFA4A; or 琢+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 琢󠄀 琢+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 琢󠄅 琢+&#xE0105; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 琢)
* to polish
    Synonym: 磨
* to cultivate one's skill
    Synonym: 磨
* to select
    Synonym: 択

#### Readings

* Go-on: たく (taku)
* Kan-on: たく (taku)
* Kun: うつ (utsu, 琢つ)、えらぶ (erabu, 琢ぶ)、みがく (migaku, 琢く)、たたく (tataku, 琢く)
* Nanori: あや (aya)、たか (taka)、みがく (migaku)

### References

* ↑ “琢”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [tʰa̠k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [탁]

### Hanja

Wikisource 琢 (eumhun 다듬을 탁 (dadeumeul tak))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 琢

## Vietnamese
### Han character

琢: Hán Việt readings: chác, trác
琢: Nôm readings: trác, trát
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Nom Foundation