# prim
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɹɪm/, [pʰɹ̠̊ɪm]
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪm

### Etymology 1

From Provençal prim (“delicate, excellent”), from Old French prim, prin, from Latin primus (“first”). Doublet of prime.

#### Adjective

prim (comparative primmer, superlative primmest)
* Prudish; straight-laced.
** 1986, John le Carré, A Perfect Spy:God damn it, what does she want of me, this sad, beautiful bridgeplayer of the Fifth Floor, with her air of lost love and her prim carnality?
** 2024 October 24, Judith Shulevitz, “Michel Houellebecq Has Some Fresh Predictions. Be Afraid.”, in The Atlantic‎:And although Paul shares an apartment with his prim wife, aptly named Prudence, they rarely see or speak to each other.
* Formal; precise; affectedly neat or nice.
    prim regularity
** 1708, [Jonathan Swift], “The Metamorphosis of Baucis and Philemon, Burlesqu’d; from the 8th Book of Ovid”, in Baucis and Philemon; a Poem. […], London: […] H. Hills, […], published 1709, →OCLC, page 8:Philemon was in great Surprize,⁠ And hardly could believe his Eyes, Amaz’d to ſee her look ſo prim; And ſhe admir’d as much at him.

##### Derived terms

* prim and proper
* prissy

##### Translations
#### Verb

prim (third-person singular simple present prims, present participle primming, simple past and past participle primmed)
* (dated) To make affectedly precise or proper.
* (dated) To dress or act smartly.

### Etymology 2

Unknown; see privet.

#### Noun

prim
* (botany) privet

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin prīmus, from earlier prīsmos from *prīsemos from Proto-Italic *priisemos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈpɾim]
* Rhymes: -im

### Adjective

prim (feminine prima, masculine plural prims, feminine plural primes)
* thin, skinny

#### Derived terms

* aprimar
* primesa
* primor

#### Related terms

* primer

### References

* ↑ “prim”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024

### Further reading

* “prim” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “prim” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “prim” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin prīmus ("first" → "excellent"). Compare the two senses of English fine.

### Adjective

prim (feminine prima, masculine plural prims, feminine plural primes) (ORB, broad)
* thin
    Antonym: èpès

### References

* mince in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* prim in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

### Further information

* AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 1510: “un filo sottile” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
* ALF: Atlas Linguistique de la France [Linguistic Atlas of France] – map 1631AB: “mince” – on lig-tdcge.imag.fr
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “prīmus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 9: Placabilis–Pyxis, page 384

## Ladin
### Alternative forms

* prum

### Etymology

From Latin prīmus.

### Adjective

prim m (feminine singular prima, masculine plural primi, feminine plural primes)
* first

## Old English
### Etymology

From Latin prīma (“first; first hour”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /priːm/

### Noun

prīm ?
* (historical) Prime, the first hour or tide (3-hour period) after dawn
* (Christianity) Prime, the divine office appointed for the hour in the liturgy

#### Synonyms

* (hour; tide): āntīd
* (service): prīmsang

#### Derived terms

* prīmsang

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “prīm”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

## Romanian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin prīmus.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈprim/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -im

#### Adjective

prim m or n (feminine singular primă, masculine plural primi, feminine and neuter plural prime)
* (preposited) first
    Synonyms: întâi, dintâi
    Antonyms: ultim, din urmă, de pe urmă
* (postposited, formal) prime (first in degree or salience)
** 2007 February, Alexandru Ștefan, Teatrul azi [Theatre today]‎, numbers 1–2, →ISSN, page 32:De aceea, lucrul individual a căpătat o importanță primă în această meserie.For that reason, solitary work has acquired prime importance in this profession.
* (number theory) prime
* (music) first (playing lead in an orchestra)
* (mathematics) prime (marked with a prime symbol)

##### Usage notes

Romanian adjectives are usually placed after the noun they modify. However, prim in the sense of “first” always precedes its corresponding noun. Conversely, in the other senses it follows the noun as expected.
As with English first, prim is considered an intrinsically definite adjective and is usually articulated. Indefinite use is also possible: un prim pas (“a first step”).

##### Derived terms

* din prima
* june prim
* materie primă
* prim ajutor
* prim-
* prim-amorez
* prim-plan

##### Related terms

* prima
* primar
* primăvară

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Hungarian prim.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈprim/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -im

#### Noun

prim n (plural primuri)
* (Transylvania) decorative clothes border trim

##### Related terms

* primă

### Further reading

* prim in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
* Iorgu Iordan, Alexandru Graur, Ion Coteanu, editors (1978), “prim$^1$”, in Dicționarul Limbii Române‎, volume 8, part 5, Bucharest: Academy of the Socialist Republic of Romania, pages 1420–1421
* Iorgu Iordan, Alexandru Graur, Ion Coteanu, editors (1978), “prim$^3$, -ă”, in Dicționarul Limbii Române‎, volume 8, part 5, Bucharest: Academy of the Socialist Republic of Romania, pages 1421–1422

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish پریم (prim), from French prime.

### Noun

prim (definite accusative primi, plural primler)
* prize
* premium

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “prim”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

## Volapük
### Noun

prim (nominative plural prims)
* beginning

#### Declension

* $^1$ status as a case is disputed
* $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only