# 上京
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shàngjīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ ㄐㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^6$ ging$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shàngjīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄐㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shàngjing
*** Wade–Giles: shang$^4$-ching$^1$
*** Yale: shàng-jīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanqjing
*** Palladius: шанцзин (šanczin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^6$ ging$^1$
*** Yale: seuhng gīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^6$ ging$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^6$ ging$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ²² kɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dzyangH kjaeng
Rime :
| Character | 上 | 京 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 時亮切 | 舉卿切 |
| Baxter | dzyangH | kjaeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨɐŋ$^H$/ | /kˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɐŋ$^H$/ | /kᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiɑŋ$^H$/ | /kiaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑɨaŋ$^H$/ | /kiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiaŋ$^H$/ | /kiɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭaŋ$^H$/ | /kĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯aŋ$^H$/ | /ki̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shàng | jīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | soeng$^6$ | ging$^1$ |

#### Noun

上京
* (literary) capital

#### Proper noun

上京
* (archaic) China
* (～鎮) Shangjing (a town in Datian, Sanming, Fujian, China)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shàngjīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ ㄐㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^5$ ging$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sông-kîn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shàngjīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄐㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shàngjing
*** Wade–Giles: shang$^4$-ching$^1$
*** Yale: shàng-jīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanqjing
*** Palladius: шанцзин (šanczin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^5$ ging$^1$
*** Yale: séuhng gīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^5$ ging$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^5$ ging$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ¹³ kɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sông-kîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: song$^ˊ$ gin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: song$^1$ gin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kin²⁴/

#### Verb

上⫽京 (verb-object) (intransitive)
* (historical) to go to the capital
    上京赴考 ― shàngjīng fù kǎo ― to go to the capital for the imperial examination

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 上 | 京 |
| じょう Grade: 1 | きょう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 上 (MC dzyangX) + 京 (MC kjaeng).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じょーきょー [jòókyóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑo̞ːkʲo̞ː]

### Noun

上(じょう)京(きょう) • (jōkyō)
* going to capital city
** going to Tokyo
** (historical or humorous) going to Kyoto
    Synonyms: 上(じょう)洛(らく) (jōraku)

### Verb

上(じょう)京(きょう)する • (jōkyō suru) intransitive suru (stem 上(じょう)京(きょう)し (jōkyō shi), past 上(じょう)京(きょう)した (jōkyō shita))
* go to capital city
** go to Tokyo
** (historical or humorous) go to Kyoto
    Synonyms: 上(じょう)洛(らく) (jōraku)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 上京し | じょうきょうし | jōkyō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 上京し | じょうきょうし | jōkyō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 上京する | じょうきょうする | jōkyō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 上京する | じょうきょうする | jōkyō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 上京すれ | じょうきょうすれ | jōkyō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 上京せよ¹ 上京しろ² | じょうきょうせよ¹ じょうきょうしろ² | jōkyō seyo¹ jōkyō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 上京される | じょうきょうされる | jōkyō sareru |
| Causative | 上京させる 上京さす | じょうきょうさせる じょうきょうさす | jōkyō saseru jōkyō sasu |
| Potential | 上京できる | じょうきょうできる | jōkyō dekiru |
| Volitional | 上京しよう | じょうきょうしよう | jōkyō shiyō |
| Negative | 上京しない | じょうきょうしない | jōkyō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 上京せず | じょうきょうせず | jōkyō sezu |
| Formal | 上京します | じょうきょうします | jōkyō shimasu |
| Perfective | 上京した | じょうきょうした | jōkyō shita |
| Conjunctive | 上京して | じょうきょうして | jōkyō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 上京すれば | じょうきょうすれば | jōkyō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 上 | 京 |

### Noun

上京 • (sanggyeong) (hangeul 상경)
* hanja form of 상경 (“going to Seoul”)