# сꙑнъ
## Old Church Slavonic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɯnʊ/
* Syllabification: сꙑ‧нъ

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ (“son”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.
Sense 1.1, sense 1.2, sense 1.3, sense 1, sense 2, sense 3 are semantic loan from Ancient Greek υἱός (huiós).

#### Noun

сꙑнъ • (synŭ) m
* son
    Synonym: чѧдо (čędo)
** 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 20:20:Ⱅⱏⰳⰴⰰ ⱂⱃⰻⱄⱅⱘⱂⰻ ⰽⱏ ⱀⰵⰿⱆ ⰿⰰⱅⰻ ⱄⱀ҃ⱁⰲⱆ ⰸⰵⰲⰵⰴⰵⱁⰲⱆ · ⱄⱏ ⱄⱀ҃ⱐⰿⰰ ⱄⰲⱁⰻⰿⰰ ⰽⰾⰰⱀⱑⱙⱎ̑ⱅⰻ ⱄⱔ · ⰺ ⱂⱃⱁⱄⱔⱎⱅⰻ ⱀⱑⱍⰵⱄⱁ ⱁⱅⱏ ⱀⰵⰳⱁ ·[Тъгда пристѫпи къ немоу мати сн҃овоу зеведеовоу · съ сн҃ьма своима кланѣѭш̑ти сѧ · ꙇ просѧшти нѣчесо отъ него ·]Tŭgda pristǫpi kŭ nemu mati sn:ovu zevedeovu · sŭ sn:ĭma svoima klanějǫš̑ti sę · i prosęšti něčeso otŭ nego ·Then the mother of Zebedee’s sons came to Jesus with her sons and, kneeling down, asked a favor of him.
** 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 96, line 12:нъ иди рече ѡ҄ сн҃оу на добръи пѫтьnŭ idi reče oʹ sn:u na dobry pǫtĭ(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** (figurative) about adopted and spiritual sons
*** 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of John 19:26:ⰺⱄ҃ ⰶⰵ ⰲⰻⰴⱑⰲⱏ ⰿⰰⱅⰵⱃⱐ · ⰺ ⱆⱍⰵⱀⰻⰽⰰ ⱄⱅⱁⱗⱎⱅⰰ ⰵⰳⱁⰶⰵ ⰾⱓⰱⰾⱑⰰⱎⰵ · ⰳⰾ҃ⰰ ⰿⰰⱅⰵⱃⰻ ⱄⰲⱁⰵⰻ · ⰶⰵⱀⱁ ⱄⰵ ⱄⱀ҃ⱏ ⱅⰲⱁⰻ ·[ꙇс҃ же видѣвъ матерь · ꙇ оученика стоѩшта егоже люблѣаше · гл҃а матери своеи · жено се сн҃ъ твои ·]is: že viděvŭ materĭ · i učenika stojęšta egože ljublěaše · gl:a materi svoei · ženo se sn:ŭ tvoi ·When Jesus saw his mother there, and the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to her, “Woman,[a] here is your son,”
** (religion, figurative) about the angels
*** 11th century, Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 88:7:(please add the Glagolitic text of this quotation)[къто […] подобітъ сѩ г‹оспод›ю въ сн҃хъ бж҃іхъ]kŭto […] podobitŭ sję g‹ospod›ju vŭ sn:xŭ bž:ixŭWho is like the Lord among the heavenly beings
** (Christianity, figurative) about the chosen ones of God
*** 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Luke 6:35:ⱁⰱⰰⱍⰵ ⰾⱓⰱⰻⱅⰵ ⰲⱃⰰⰳⱏⰹ ⰲⰰⱎⱔ ⰻ ⰱⰾⰰⰳⱁⱅⰲⱁⱃⰻⱅⰵ · ⰺ ⰲⱏ ⰸⰰⰻⰿⱏ ⰴⰰⰻⱅⰵ ⱀⰻⱍⰵⱄⱁⰶⰵⱀⰵ ⱍⰰⱙⱎⱅⰵ · ⰻ ⰱⱘⰴⰵⱅⱏ ⰿⱏⰸⰴⰰ ⰲⰰⱎⰰ ⰿⱏⱀⱁⰳⰰ · ⰺ ⰱⱘⰴⰵⱅⰵ ⱄⱀ҃ⱁⰲⰵ ⰲⱏⰹⱎⱏⱀⱑⰵⰳⱁ ·ⱑⰽⱁ ⱅⱏ ⰱⰾⰰⰳⱏ ⰵⱄⱅⱏ ⱀⰰ ⱀⰵⰲⱏⰸⰱⰾⰰⰳⱁⰴⰰⱅⱏⱀⱏⰹⱗ ⰻ ⰸⱏⰾⱏⰹⱗ ·[обаче любите врагы вашѧ и благотворите · ꙇ въ заимъ даите ничесожене чаѭще · и бѫдетъ мъзда ваша мънога · ꙇ бѫдете сн҃ове вышънѣего ·ѣко тъ благъ естъ на невъзблагодатъныѩ и зълыѩ ·]obače ljubite vragy vašę i blagotvorite · i vŭ zaimŭ daite ničesožene čajǫšte · i bǫdetŭ mŭzda vaša mŭnoga · i bǫdete sn:ove vyšŭněego ·ěko tŭ blagŭ estŭ na nevŭzblagodatŭnyję i zŭlyję ·But love your enemies, do good to them, and lend to them without expecting to get anything back. Then your reward will be great, and you will be children of the Most High, because he is kind to the ungrateful and wicked.
* descendant, offspring
    Synonyms: сѣмѧ (sěmę), ищѧдиѥ (ištędije), племѧ (plemę), чѧдо (čędo)
** 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 23:31:ⱅⱑⰿⱏ ⰶⰵ ⱄⰰⰿⰻ ⱄⱏⰲⱑⰴⱑⱅⰵⰾⱐⱄⱅⰲⱆⰵⱅⰵ ⱄⰵⰱⱑ ·ⱑⰽⱁ ⱄⱀ҃ⱁⰲⰵ ⰵⱄⱅⰵ ⰻⰸⰱⰻⰲⱏⱎⰻⱈⱏ ⱂⱃ҃ⰽⱏⰹ ·[тѣмъ же сами съвѣдѣтельствоуете себѣ ·ѣко сн҃ове есте избивъшихъ пр҃кы ·]těmŭ že sami sŭvědětelĭstvuete sebě ·ěko sn:ove este izbivŭšixŭ pr:ky ·So you testify against yourselves that you are the descendants of those who murdered the prophets.
    сꙑнъ давꙑдовъ ― synŭ davydovŭ ― Son of David
    сꙑнъ чловѣчь ― synŭ člověčĭ ― Son of Man
    сꙑнъ чловѣчьскъ ― synŭ člověčĭskŭ ― Son of Man
* baby animal
** 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 324, line 23:аште да ѥсте сꙑнове сиѡни· ликоуите съ чꙙдꙑ своими·ašte da jeste synove sioni· likuite sŭ čędy svoimi·Therefore, if you are children of Zion, rejoice with your children
** 11th century, Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 28:6:(please add the Glagolitic text of this quotation)[вьзлюбленъ ѣко сн҃ъ норожъ]vĭzljublenŭ ěko sn:ŭ norožŭas the beloved son of unicorns
** 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 21:5:ⱃⱏⱌⱑⱅⰵ ⰴⱏⱎⱅⰵⱃⰻ ⱄⰻⱁⱀⱁⰲⱑ · ⱄⰵ ⱌⱄ҃ⱃⱏ ⱅⰲⱁⰻ ⰳⱃⱔⰴⰵⱅⱏ ⱅⰵⰱⱑ ·ⰽⱃⱁⱅⱁⰽⱏ ⰻ ⰲⱐⱄⱑⰴⱏ ⱀⰰ ⱁⱄⱐⰾⱔ · ⰺ ⰶⱃⱑⰱⱔ ⱄⱀ҃ⰰ ⱑⱃⱐⰿⱐⱀⰻⱍⰰ ·[ръцѣте дъщери сионовѣ · се цс҃ръ твои грѧдетъ тебѣ ·кротокъ и вьсѣдъ на осьлѧ · ꙇ жрѣбѧ сн҃а ѣрьмьнича ·]rŭcěte dŭšteri sionově · se cs:rŭ tvoi grędetŭ tebě ·krotokŭ i vĭsědŭ na osĭlę · i žrěbę sn:a ěrĭmĭniča ·“Say to Daughter Zion, ‘See, your king comes to you, gentle and riding on a donkey, and on a colt, the foal of a donkey.’”

#### Proper noun

сꙑнъ • (synŭ) m
* (Christianity theology) Son (title of Jesus)
    Coordinate terms: отьць (otĭcĭ), доухъ свѧтъ (duxŭ svętŭ), троица (troica)
    сꙑнъ божии ― synŭ božii ― Son of God
    сꙑнъ вꙑшьнꙗѥго ― synŭ vyšĭnjajego ― Son of the Most High
    сꙑнъ благословлѥнаѥго ― synŭ blagoslovljenajego ― Son of the Blessed
** 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 28:19:Ⱎⱐⰴⱏⱎⰵ ⱆⰱⱁ ⱀⰰⱆⱍⰻⱅⰵ ⰲⱐⱄⱔ ⱗⰸ҃ⰽⱏⰹ · ⰽⱃⱐⱄⱅⱔⱎⱅⰵ ⱗ ⰲⱏ ⰹⰿⱔ ⱁⱅ҃ⱌⰰⰻ ⱄⱀ҃ⰰ ⰻ ⱄ҃ⱅⰰⰰⰳⱁ ⰴⱈ҃ⰰ ·[Шьдъше оубо наоучите вьсѧ ѩз҃кы · крьстѧште ѩ въ імѧ от҃цаи сн҃а и с҃тааго дх҃а ·]Šĭdŭše ubo naučite vĭsę jęz:ky · krĭstęšte ję vŭ imę ot:cai sn:a i s:taago dx:a ·Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit...

##### Declension
#### Alternative forms

* ⱄⱏⰺⱀⱏ (synŭ) — Glagolitic
* сн҃ъ (sn:ŭ) — abbreviation

#### Derived terms

* въсꙑнѥниѥ n (vŭsynjenije)

#### Descendants

* Bulgarian: син (sin)
* →? Romanian: sin

#### See also

| отьчьство (otĭčĭstvo, “family”) | Male | Female |
| parent родител҄ь (roditelʹĭ) | отьць (otĭcĭ), авва (avva, “father”) | мати (mati, “mother”) |
| sibling | братръ (bratrŭ, “brother”) | сестра (sestra, “sister”) |
| child | сꙑнъ (synŭ, “son”) | дъщи (dŭšti, “daughter”) |
| grandparent | дѣдъ (dědŭ, “grandfather”) | баба (baba, “grandmother”) |
| grandchild | въноукъ (vŭnukŭ, “grandson”) | – (“granddaughter”) |
| great-grandparent | прѣдѣдъ (prědědŭ, “great-grandfather”) | – (“great-grandmother”) |
| mother's sibling | оуи (ui, “maternal uncle”) | – (“maternal aunt”) |
| father's sibling | стрꙑи (stryi, “paternal uncle”) | – (“paternal aunt”) |
| sibling's child | братанъ (bratanŭ), сꙑновь (synovĭ), сꙑновьць (synovĭcĭ, “nephew”) | братана (bratana, “niece”) |
| cousin | братоучѧдъ (bratučędŭ, “male cousin”) | братоучѧда (bratučęda, “female cousin”) |
| spouse | мѫжь (mǫžĭ), чрьтожьникъ (črĭtožĭnikŭ), малъженъ (malŭženŭ, “husband”) | жена (žena), чрьтожьница (črĭtožĭnica), съложь (sŭložĭ, “wife”) |
| parent of wife | тьсть (tĭstĭ, “father-in-law (wife's father)”) | тьща (tĭšta, “mother-in-law (wife's mother)”) |
| parent of husband | свекръ (svekrŭ, “father-in-law (husband's father)”) | свекрꙑ (svekry, “mother-in-law (husband's father)”) |
| sibling of husband | дєвєръ (deverŭ, “brother-in-law (husband's brother)”) | зълꙑ (zŭly, “sister-in-law (husband's sister)”) |
| spouse of child | зѧть (zętĭ, “son-in-law (daughter's husband)”) | снъха (snŭxa, “daughter-in-law (son's wife)”) |
| spouse of husband's brother | – | етрꙑ (etry), кѫпетра (kǫpetra, “sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)”) |
| stepchild | пасторъкъ (pastorŭkŭ, “stepson”) | – (“stepdaughter”) |
| step-parent | отьчимъ (otĭčimŭ, “stepfather”) | мащеха (maštexa, “stepmother”) |

### Etymology 2

Uncertain. Probably borrowed from Bulgar, compare Tatar sın (“figure, body; pose; image; statue; idol”), Uzbek sin (“posture, poise”), Turkish sin (“grave”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *sï(y)n.
It was also compared to Ancient Greek μόσσυν (móssun) of unknown etymology.

#### Noun

сꙑнъ • (synŭ) m
* (architecture) tower
    Synonyms: стлъпъ (stlŭpŭ), трѣмъ (trěmŭ)
** 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 94, line 21:ꙗкоже се сꙑнове чꙙсти · възбран҄ѣѭште нашествиꙗ ратънꙑихъjakože se synove čęsti · vŭzbranʹějǫšte našestvija ratŭnyixŭ(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 553, line 27:иде въ малꙑи сꙑнъ · иже бѣ тъгда въ манастꙑри · на прибѣганьѥ съзъданъide vŭ malyi synŭ · iže bě tŭgda vŭ manastyri · na priběganĭje sŭzŭdanŭ(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Derived terms

* сꙑньнъ (synĭnŭ)

### References

* “сꙑнъ1”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2024
* “сꙑнъ2”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2024
* Janyšková, Ilona, editor (2010), “synъ$_1$”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského (in Czech), numbers 15 (srъdьce – sь), Brno: Tribun EU, →ISBN, page 915
* Janyšková, Ilona, editor (2010), “synъ$_2$”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského (in Czech), numbers 15 (srъdьce – sь), Brno: Tribun EU, →ISBN, page 916
* Václav Machek (1948) “Graeco-slavica”, in Listy filologické‎, volume 72, pages 75–76

## Old East Slavic
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɯnʊ/→/ˈsɯnʊ/→/ˈsɯn/
* (ca. 9th CE) IPA: /ˈsɯnʊ/
* (ca. 11th CE) IPA: /ˈsɯnʊ/
* (ca. 13th CE) IPA: /ˈsɯn/
* Hyphenation: сꙑ‧нъ

#### Noun

сꙑнъ (synŭ) m (diminutive сꙑнъкъ)
* son
* male descendant

##### Derived terms

* сꙑнишко n (syniško)
* сꙑновениѥ n (synovenije)
* сꙑновица f (synovica)
* сꙑновьство n (synovĭstvo)
* сꙑновьць m (synovĭcĭ)
* сꙑнъкъ m (synŭkŭ)
* сꙑновьскꙑ (synovĭsky)

##### Descendants

* Old Ruthenian: сынъ (syn)
** Belarusian: сын (syn)
** Carpathian Rusyn: сын (sŷn)
** Ukrainian: син (syn)
* Russian: сын (syn)

### Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic сꙑнъ (synŭ, “tower”) or borrowing from the same source.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɯnʊ/→/ˈsɯnʊ/→/ˈsɯn/
* (ca. 9th CE) IPA: /ˈsɯnʊ/
* (ca. 11th CE) IPA: /ˈsɯnʊ/
* (ca. 13th CE) IPA: /ˈsɯn/
* Hyphenation: сꙑ‧нъ

#### Noun

сꙑнъ (synŭ) m
* tower

##### Declension
### References

* Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “сꙑнъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ‎ (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 872
* Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “сꙑнъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ‎ (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 874

## Old Novgorodian
### Alternative forms

* сꙑно (syno)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

### Noun

сꙑнъ • (synŭ) m
* son
** c. 1360‒1380, Берестяная грамота № 366‎, Novgorod:а на то рѧдьцѣ и послусѣ давꙑдъ лукѣнъ сꙑнъ сьтьпанъ таишѣнъa na to rędĭćě i poslusě davydŭ lukěnŭ synŭ sĭtĭpanŭ taišěnŭAnd for that, the witnesses are David, Lukin's son, and Stepan Taishin.
* (Christianity theology) God the Son
** c. 1380‒1400, Берестяная грамота № 42‎, Novgorod:въ имѧ · ѻц҃а · и сꙑна и свѧ[т]-[го д](х҃)аvŭ imę · oć:a · i syna i svę[t]-[go d](x:)aIn the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.

#### See also

| роде (rode, “family”) | male | female |
| parent | отьць (otĭćĭ), батько (batĭko, “father”) | мати (mati, “mother”) |
| sibling | брате (brate, “brother”) | сестра (sestra, “sister”) |
| child | сꙑнъ (synŭ, “son”) | дъци (dŭći, “daughter”) |
| grandparent | дѣде (děde, “grandfather”) | баба (baba, “grandmother”) |
| grandchild | въноуке (vŭnuke, “grandson”) | ? (“granddaughter”) |
| stepparent | *отьцимъ (*otĭćimŭ, “stepfather”) | *мацеха (*maćexa, “stepmother”) |
| parents' sibling | дꙗдꙗ (djadja, “parents' uncle”) стръи (strŷi, “paternal uncle”), *оуи (*ui, “maternal uncle”) | тетька (tetĭka, “parents' aunt”) |
| spouse | мѫжь (mǫžĭ, “husband”) | жона (žona, “wife”) |
| parent of wife | тьсть (tĭstĭ, “father-in-law (wife's father)”) | ? (“mother-in-law (wife's mother)”) |
| parent of husband | свекре (svekre, “father-in-law (husband's father)”) | ? (“mother-in-law (husband's father)”) |
| spouse of child | ꙁѧть (zętĭ, “son-in-law (daughter's husband)”) | снъха (snŭxa, “daughter-in-law (son's wife)”) |