# 驗

| 驗 | U+9A57, &#39511; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9A57 |
| ← 驖 [U+9A56] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 驘 → [U+9A58] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 驗 |
| Shinjitai | 験 |
| Simplified | 验 |

### Han character

驗 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+13, 23 strokes, cangjie input 尸火人一人 (SFOMO), four-corner 7833$_6$, composition ⿰馬僉)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1445, character 40
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45024
* Dae Jaweon: page 1970, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4580, character 8
* Unihan data for U+9A57

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 驗 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 厱 | *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam |
| 歛 | *qʰlaːm |
| 臉 | *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ |
| 醶 | *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ |
| 鹼 | *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam |
| 薟 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram |
| 匳 | *ɡ·ram |
| 獫 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ |
| 蘞 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam |
| 籢 | *ɡ·ram |
| 斂 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
| 瀲 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
| 撿 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ |
| 羷 | *ɡ·ramʔ |
| 殮 | *ɡ·rams |
| 簽 | *skʰlam |
| 僉 | *skʰlam |
| 憸 | *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
| 譣 | *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
| 檢 | *kramʔ |
| 瞼 | *kramʔ |
| 儉 | *ɡramʔ |
| 顩 | *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 嬐 | *ŋramʔ |
| 嶮 | *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ |
| 噞 | *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams |
| 驗 | *ŋrams |
| 險 | *qʰramʔ |
| 劒 | *kams |
| 劍 | *kams |
| 𩏩 | *qʰam |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋrams) : semantic 馬 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yàn (yan$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyian$^4$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): yān
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): yēn
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jim$^6$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): jin$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngiam$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): nyien$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngiam
    (Hailu, HRS): ngiam$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiam$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ie$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): ngīng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngiêng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ngieng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): giām
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngiam$^7$ / ngiang$^7$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ngiam$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): nim$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$gni / $^6$gnie / $^6$gnien
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyienn$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^4$
*** Yale: yàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nyian$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nian
*** Sinological IPA : /nʲiɛn²¹³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: yān
*** Sinological IPA : /iã⁵⁵/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: yēn
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /iẽ⁴⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^6$
*** Yale: yihm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm²²/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: jin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /zin³²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngiam$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡiam³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: nyien$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /n̠ʲiɛn¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiam
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯am⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiam$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiam³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngiam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiam⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ie$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngīng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋiŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiêng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋiɛŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ngieng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋiɛŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giām
*** Tâi-lô: giām
*** Phofsit Daibuun: giam
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡiam²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɡiam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiam³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngiam$^7$ / ngiang$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiām / ngiāng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋiam¹¹/, /ŋiaŋ¹¹/
* ngiam7 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang;
* ngiang7 - Chenghai.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit驗 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ian⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ian⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ian⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /iã²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ian³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /iã⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /iã²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ian¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /iɛ̃n¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ian²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /niɛn³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ȵian¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /nian²¹³/ /ian²¹³/ 新 |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /iɛ̃²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ien⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /iĩ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ie⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ie̞³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ie⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵi²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ȵiɪ³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ȵiẽ̞¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ȵi²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ne²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ȵiɛ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ȵiẽ⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ȵiẽ⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵiɛn²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiam⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ŋiɑm⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jim²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jim²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jim²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /giam²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋiɛŋ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ŋiam³¹/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ŋiam³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: ngjemH
Rime :
| Character | 驗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (154) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 魚窆切 |
| Baxter | ngjemH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠiᴇm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋᵚiɛm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiæm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋjiam$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋjɛm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭɛm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯ɛm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jim$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-qʰr[a]m-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋrams/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 驗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjem$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-qʰr[a]m-s/ |
| English | verify |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 驗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10218 |
| Phonetic component | 僉 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 驗 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋrams/ |

### Definitions

驗
* to test; to examine; to inspect
* to verify
* to produce the desired effect
* intended result

### Compounds

* 不靈驗 / 不灵验
* 不驗 / 不验
* 人格測驗 / 人格测验
* 先驗主義 / 先验主义 (xiānyàn zhǔyì)
* 勘驗 / 勘验
* 化驗 / 化验 (huàyàn)
* 化驗單 / 化验单 (huàyàndān)
* 占驗
* 參驗 / 参验 (cānyàn)
* 商品檢驗 / 商品检验
* 報驗 / 报验 (bàoyàn)
* 奇驗 / 奇验
* 實驗 / 实验 (shíyàn)
* 實驗劇場 / 实验剧场
* 實驗報告 / 实验报告
* 實驗室 / 实验室 (shíyànshì)
* 實驗法 / 实验法
* 實驗電影 / 实验电影
* 工作經驗 / 工作经验
* 心理測驗 / 心理测验
* 性向測驗 / 性向测验
* 憑驗 / 凭验
* 應驗 / 应验 (yìngyàn)
* 成就測驗 / 成就测验
* 抽驗 / 抽验
* 按驗 / 按验 (ànyàn)
* 推驗 / 推验
* 掣驗 / 掣验
* 效驗 / 效验 (xiàoyàn)
* 明效大驗 / 明效大验
* 智力測驗 / 智力测验
* 查驗 / 查验 (cháyàn)
* 核子試驗 / 核子试验
* 案驗 / 案验 (ànyàn)
* 檢驗 / 检验 (jiǎnyàn)
* 檢驗圖 / 检验图
* 民意測驗 / 民意测验 (mínyì cèyàn)
* 測驗 / 测验 (cèyàn)
* 火花試驗 / 火花试验
* 蒸骨驗屍 / 蒸骨验尸
* 疲勞試驗 / 疲劳试验
* 百靈百驗 / 百灵百验
* 盤驗 / 盘验
* 符驗 / 符验
* 經驗 / 经验 (jīngyàn)
* 經驗主義 / 经验主义 (jīngyànzhǔyì)
* 經驗之談 / 经验之谈
* 經驗論 / 经验论 (jīngyànlùn)
* 考驗 / 考验 (kǎoyàn)
* 能力測驗 / 能力测验
* 臨床實驗 / 临床实验
* 臨床經驗 / 临床经验
* 臺灣經驗 / 台湾经验
* 船模試驗 / 船模试验
* 血液檢驗 / 血液检验
* 試驗 / 试验 (shìyàn)
* 試驗室 / 试验室
* 試驗田 / 试验田
* 證驗 / 证验 (zhèngyàn)
* 間接經驗 / 间接经验 (jiànjiē jīngyàn)
* 靈驗 / 灵验 (língyàn)
* 驗傷 / 验伤 (yànshāng)
* 驗光 / 验光 (yànguāng)
* 驗單 / 验单
* 驗契 / 验契
* 驗屍 / 验尸 (yànshī)
* 驗左 / 验左
* 驗收 / 验收 (yànshōu)
* 驗放 / 验放
* 驗方 / 验方 (yànfāng)
* 驗明 / 验明
* 驗明正身 / 验明正身 (yànmíngzhèngshēn)
* 驗核 / 验核
* 驗疫 / 验疫
* 驗看 / 验看
* 驗票 / 验票 (yànpiào)
* 驗算 / 验算 (yànsuàn)
* 驗血 / 验血 (yànxuè)
* 驗訖 / 验讫
* 驗證 / 验证 (yànzhèng)
* 驗貨 / 验货 (yànhuò)
* 驗貨單 / 验货单
* 驗鈔機 / 验钞机 (yànchāojī)
* 驗關 / 验关 (yànguān)
* 驗電器 / 验电器 (yàndiànqì)
* 體驗 / 体验 (tǐyàn)
* 點驗 / 点验

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 験 |
| Kyūjitai | 驗 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 験)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): けん (ken)、げん (gen)
* Kun: あかし (akashi, 驗)、ためす (tamesu, 驗す)、しるし (shirushi, 驗)

## Korean
### Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 엄 (eom) based on Middle Chinese 驗 (MC ngjemH).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅌᅥᆷ〮 (Yale: ngem) | ᅌᅥᆷ〮 (Yale: ngem) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [hʌ̹m]
* Phonetic hangul: [험]

### Hanja

Wikisource 驗 (eum 험 (heom))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

驗: Hán Nôm readings: nghiệm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.