# 總

| 總 | U+7E3D, &#32317; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7E3D |
| ← 縼 [U+7E3C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 績 → [U+7E3E] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 總 |
| Shinjitai | 総 |
| Simplified | 总 |

### Han character

總 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 女火竹田心 (VFHWP), four-corner 2693$_0$, composition ⿰糹悤)

#### Derived characters

* 𡾳, 𤄋, 𧄉

#### Descendants

* 总 (in simplified Chinese)
* 総 (in Japanese shinjitai)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 936, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27844
* Dae Jaweon: page 1375, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3444, character 7
* Unihan data for U+7E3D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 總 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Qin slip script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 牎 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 窗 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 窓 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 囱 | *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloːŋ |
| 總 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 熜 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 傯 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 緫 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 揔 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 偬 | *ʔsloːŋʔ, *ʔsloːŋs |
| 囪 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 璁 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 驄 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 蔥 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 匆 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 怱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 葱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 楤 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 聦 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 繱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 騘 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 鍯 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 聰 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 愡 | *sʰloːŋs |
| 檧 | *sloːŋ, *sloːŋʔ |
| 憽 | *sloːŋ |
| 幒 | *sʰloŋʔ, *kjoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloːŋʔ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 悤 – to collect (literally, to bind together with a rope).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zǒng (zong$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): duung$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chúng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zung$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zung$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): cǒ̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): cūng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zorng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chóng / cháng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zong$^2$ / zang$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tson
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǒng
*** Wade–Giles: tsung$^3$
*** Yale: dzǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzoong
*** Palladius: цзун (czun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^2$
*** Yale: júng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: duung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɵŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chúng
*** Hakka Romanization System: zung$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʊŋ³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡suŋ⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǒ̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cūng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zorng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɒŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zorng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɒŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chóng
*** Tâi-lô: tsóng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zorng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháng
*** Tâi-lô: tsáng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zarng
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡saŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡saŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡saŋ⁴¹/
* chóng - literary;
* cháng - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tsuwngX
Rime :
| Character | 總 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 作孔切 |
| Baxter | tsuwngX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡suŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡suŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡suŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡səwŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡suŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡suŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡suŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zǒng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤoŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsloːŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 總 | 總 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zōng | zǒng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsuwng › | ‹ tsuwng$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁoŋ/ | /*[ts]ˁoŋ/ |
| English | bundle of threads | bind together |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 總 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1810 |
| Phonetic component | 囱 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 緫 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsloːŋʔ/ |
| Notes | 集韻同緫 |

### Definitions

總
* to collect
* overall; altogether
* always
* Used as a suffix after a person's surname in nicknames for people being leader of a company, usually for males.
    陳總／陈总 ― Chén Zǒng ― Boss Chen / President Chen

### Compounds

* 一總／一总 (yīzǒng)
* 五路總頭／五路总头
* 內閣總理／内阁总理
* 共總／共总 (gòngzǒng)
* 副總統／副总统 (fùzǒngtǒng)
* 副總裁／副总裁 (fùzǒngcái)
* 匯總／汇总 (huìzǒng)
* 千總／千总
* 國務總理／国务总理
* 夜總會／夜总会 (yèzǒnghuì)
* 大總戎／大总戎
* 大總統／大总统 (dàzǒngtǒng)
* 大總腦／大总脑
* 太空總署／太空总署
* 崇文總目／崇文总目
* 成交總值／成交总值
* 成總／成总 (chéngzǒng)
* 打總／打总
* 把總／把总
* 抄總兒／抄总儿
* 拿總／拿总
* 攏總／拢总 (lǒngzǒng)
* 攬總／揽总
* 救總／救总
* 林林總總／林林总总 (línlínzǒngzǒng)
* 歸總／归总
* 河道總督／河道总督
* 管總／管总
* 算總帳／算总帐
* 總丱／总丱
* 總之／总之 (zǒngzhī)
* 總代理／总代理
* 總值／总值 (zǒngzhí)
* 總公司／总公司 (zǒnggōngsī)
* 總共／总共 (zǒnggòng)
* 總兵／总兵 (zǒngbīng)
* 總則／总则 (zǒngzé)
* 總務／总务 (zǒngwù)
* 總動員／总动员 (zǒngdòngyuán)
* 總包寄遞／总包寄递
* 總匯／总汇 (zǒnghuì)
* 總司令／总司令 (zǒngsīlìng)
* 總合／总合 (zǒnghé)
* 總和／总和 (zǒnghé)
* 總帳／总帐 (zǒngzhàng)
* 總平均／总平均
* 總幹事／总干事 (zǒnggànshì)
* 總店／总店 (zǒngdiàn)
* 總廠／总厂
* 總得／总得 (zǒngděi)
* 總戎／总戎
* 總成／总成 (zǒngchéng)
* 總承／总承
* 總括／总括 (zǒngkuò)
* 總攬／总揽 (zǒnglǎn)
* 總教練／总教练
* 總數／总数 (zǒngshù)
* 總是／总是 (zǒngshì)
* 總會／总会 (zǒnghuì)
* 總有一天／总有一天
* 總機／总机 (zǒngjī)
* 總歸／总归 (zǒngguī)
* 總然／总然
* 總爺／总爷
* 總狀花序／总状花序
* 總理／总理 (zǒnglǐ)
* 總理衙門／总理衙门
* 總甲／总甲
* 總監／总监 (zǒngjiān)
* 總目／总目 (zǒngmù)
* 總督／总督 (zǒngdū)
* 總稱／总称 (zǒngchēng)
* 總算／总算 (zǒngsuàn)
* 總管／总管 (zǒngguǎn)
* 總統／总统 (zǒngtǒng)
* 總結／总结 (zǒngjié)
* 總統制／总统制 (zǒngtǒngzhì)
* 總統府／总统府 (zǒngtǒngfǔ)
* 總統直選／总统直选
* 總經理／总经理 (zǒngjīnglǐ)
* 總綱／总纲 (zǒnggāng)
* 總編輯／总编辑 (zǒngbiānjí)
* 總總／总总
* 總而言之／总而言之 (zǒng'éryánzhī)
* 總苞／总苞
* 總行／总行 (zǒngháng)
* 總裁／总裁 (zǒngcái)
* 總要／总要
* 總角／总角
* 總角之交／总角之交
* 總角之好／总角之好
* 總計／总计 (zǒngjì)
* 總評／总评 (zǒngpíng)
* 總論／总论
* 總譜／总谱 (zǒngpǔ)
* 總轄／总辖
* 總辦／总办
* 總辭／总辞
* 總部／总部 (zǒngbù)
* 總鋪／总铺
* 總集／总集 (zǒngjí)
* 總章／总章
* 總預算／总预算
* 總領／总领 (zǒnglǐng)
* 總領事／总领事 (zǒnglǐngshì)
* 總額／总额 (zǒng'é)
* 總體／总体 (zǒngtǐ)
* 總體戰／总体战 (zǒngtǐzhàn)
* 總髮／总发
* 老總／老总 (lǎozǒng)
* 聯勤總部／联勤总部
* 非常總統／非常总统
* 鹽務總局／盐务总局

### References

* “總”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03172
* “Entry #12287”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 総 |
| Kyūjitai | 總 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 総)
* Kyūjitai form of 総 (general, overall, total)

#### Readings

* Go-on: す (su)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
* Kun: すぶ (subu, 總ぶ)、すべる (suberu, 總べる)、すべて (subete, 總て)、ふさ (fusa, 總)
* Nanori: ずさ (zusa)

## Korean
### Hanja

總 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, Yale chong)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

總: Hán Nôm readings: tổng, tông

### Particle

總 • (tổng)
* chữ Hán form of tổng (“general; overall; comprehensive”).