# to and fro
## English
### Alternative forms

* to-and-fro (all parts of speech except adverb)

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Northwestern US):(file)

### Adverb

to and fro (not comparable)
* Back and forth; with a reciprocating motion.
** 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, chapter 4, in Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:A light tossing to and fro and still rapidly advancing showed that one of the newcomers carried a lantern.
** 1882, G. W. Keeton, “Regulations for Maritime and Overland Trade between Chinese and Korean Subjects, 1882”, in The Development of Extraterritoriality in China‎, volume II, Longmans, Green & Co., published 1928, →OCLC, page 341:Article V.—In consideration of the numerous difficulties arising from the authority exercised by local officials over the legal traffic at such places on the boundary as I-chou, Hui-ning, and Ch’ing-yuan, it has now been decided that the people on the frontier shall be free to go to and fro and trade as they please at Ts’e-men and I-chou on the two sides of the Ya-lu River, and at Hun-ch’un and Hui-ning on the two sides of the T’u-men River.
** 1885–1888, Richard F[rancis] Burton, transl. and editor, A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments, now Entituled The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night […], Shammar edition, volume (please specify the volume), [London]: […] Burton Club […], →OCLC:But presently the fumes of the wine rising to his head, he became helplessly drunk and his side-muscles and limbs relaxed and he swayed to and fro on my back. When I saw that he had lost his senses for drunkenness, I put my head to his legs and, loosing them from my neck, stooped down well-nigh to the ground and threw him at full length, […]
** 1886, John Burroughs, Winter Sunshine, page 13:He bends his knees more than the white man, and oscillates more to and fro, or from side to side.
** 1979, National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), IEEE Electrical Insulation Society, tAnnual report - Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, page 396:Even charges hopping on a larger array of localized sites than the two sites in (ii) execute normally many more to-and-fro oscillating motions than ...

#### Descendants

* Jersey Dutch: tû en vrô

#### Translations
### Verb

to and fro (third-person singular simple present tos and fros or to and fros, present participle toing and froing or to and froing, simple past and past participle toed and froed or to and froed)
* (idiomatic) To go back and forth; to alternate.
** 2015, Barbara Taylor, The Last Asylum: A Memoir of Madness in Our Times‎:"For a while I didn't tell anyone on the ward where I was going, but my toing and froing made people curious and eventually I confided in a few."

#### Translations
### Adjective

to and fro (not comparable)
* (dated) Pertaining to something or someone moving forward and back to the same position.
** 1847, Peter Mere Latham, Lectures on subjects connected with clinical medicine, comprising diseases, page 90:The next day he had more power of moving his limbs, and the to and fro sound was thought to be a little less distinct.

#### Translations
### Noun

to and fro (plural to and fros or tos and fros)
* (dated) The movement (of someone or something) forward followed by a return to the same position. May refer to a concept such as an emotional state or a relationship as well as a physical thing.
** 1849, Ralph Erskine, Gospel sonnets; or, Spiritual songs, page 233:My life's a maze of seeming traps, A scene of mercies and mishaps; A heap of jarring to and fros, A field of joys, A field of woes.