# 徹

| 徹 | U+5FB9, &#24505; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FB9 |
| ← 徸 [U+5FB8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 徺 → [U+5FBA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

徹 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+11 in traditional Chinese (Taiwan), 彳+12 in Chinese (mainland China, Hong Kong), Japanese and Korean, 14 strokes in traditional Chinese (Taiwan), 15 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 竹人卜月大 (HOYBK), four-corner 2824$_0$, composition ⿲彳育攵 or ⿰彳𰕎)

#### Derived characters

* 𤁲, 𣰪, 𨇂, 𠖢, 𡫠, 勶
* 撤, 轍

#### Related characters

* 微 徵 (徴)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 371, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10245
* Dae Jaweon: page 698, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 844, character 7
* Unihan data for U+5FB9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 徹 | *tʰed |
| 撤 | *tʰed, *ded |
| 澈 | *ded |
| 轍 | *ded |
Oracle bone inscriptions: Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 鬲 (“pot”) + 又 (“hand”) – a hand removing utensils after eating. Bronze inscriptions replaced 又 with 攵 to emphasize action.
In seal script 彳 was added to further emphasize action, and what was originally a pot had corrupted into the unrelated 育.

### Etymology

The r-causative of 逝 (OC *ɦljeds) (Schuessler, 2007).
Cognate with 撤 (OC *tʰed, *ded, “to take away”), 滯 (OC *dads, “to discard; to leave over; to accumulate”) and perhaps 適 (OC *tjeɡ, “to go”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chè (che$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cit$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chha̍t
* Jin (Wiktionary): cah$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thiat / theh
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tiêg$^4$ / tiag$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chè
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻê$^4$
*** Yale: chè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheh
*** Palladius: чэ (čɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cit$^3$
*** Yale: chit
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsit$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːt̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chha̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: cad
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰat̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: cah$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰaʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiat / theh
*** Tâi-lô: thiat / theh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tiad, teq
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛt̚³²/, /tʰeʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛt̚⁵/, /tʰeʔ⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛt̚³²/, /tʰeʔ³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛt̚³²/, /tʰeʔ³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛt̚³²/, /tʰeʔ³²/
* thiat - literary;
* theh - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: drjet, trhjet
Rime :
| Character | 徹 | 徹 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) | 徹 (10) |
| Final (韻) | 薛 (83) | 薛 (83) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 直列切 | 丑列切 |
| Baxter | drjet | trhjet |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠiᴇt̚/ | /ʈʰˠiᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖᵚiɛt̚/ | /ʈʰᵚiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiæt̚/ | /ȶʰiæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖiat̚/ | /ʈʰiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡjɛt̚/ | /ȶʰjɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭɛt̚/ | /ȶʰĭɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯ɛt̚/ | /ȶʰi̯ɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhé | che |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zit$^6$ | cit$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[tʰ]ret/, /*m-tʰret/, /*tʰret/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰed/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 徹 | 徹 | 徹 | 徹 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chè | chè | chè | chè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drjet › | ‹ drjet › | ‹ trhjet › | ‹ trhjet › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-[tʰ]ret/ | /*m-tʰret/ | /*tʰret/ | /*tʰret/ |
| English | penetrate | divide land acc. to a certain share system | divide land acc. to a certain share system | penetrate |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 徹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1319 |
| Phonetic component | 徹 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 屮 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰed/ |

### Definitions

徹
* to penetrate; to pierce; to pervade
* (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 徹 (MC trhjet)
* Alternative form of 澈 (chè, “clear”)
* Alternative form of 撤 (chè, “to remove”)

### Compounds

* 不徹頭 / 不彻头
* 侵徹力 / 侵彻力
* 劉徹 / 刘彻
* 大徹大悟 / 大彻大悟 (dàchèdàwù)
* 徹上徹下 / 彻上彻下
* 徹侯 / 彻侯
* 徹夜 / 彻夜 (chèyè)
* 徹底 / 彻底 (chèdǐ)
* 徹悟 / 彻悟 (chèwù)
* 徹懸 / 彻悬
* 徹查 / 彻查 (chèchá)
* 徹耳 / 彻耳
* 徹裡徹外 / 彻里彻外
* 徹頭徹尾 / 彻头彻尾 (chètóuchèwěi)
* 徹饌 / 彻馔
* 徹首徹尾 / 彻首彻尾
* 徹骨 / 彻骨 (chègǔ)
* 明徹 / 明彻
* 曼徹斯特 / 曼彻斯特 (Mànchèsītè)
* 有司徹 / 有司彻
* 洞徹 / 洞彻
* 漫天徹地 / 漫天彻地
* 為人為徹 / 为人为彻
* 痛徹心腑 / 痛彻心腑
* 痛楚徹骨 / 痛楚彻骨
* 聲徹雲霄 / 声彻云霄
* 說徹 / 说彻
* 謊徹梢虛 / 谎彻梢虚
* 貫徹 / 贯彻 (guànchè)
* 貫徹始終 / 贯彻始终 (guànchèshǐzhōng)
* 通天徹地 / 通天彻地
* 通徹 / 通彻 (tōngchè)
* 連更徹夜 / 连更彻夜
* 響徹雲漢 / 响彻云汉
* 響徹雲際 / 响彻云际
* 響徹雲霄 / 响彻云霄 (xiǎngchèyúnxiāo)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* penetrate

#### Readings

* Go-on: てち (techi)
* Kan-on: てつ (tetsu, Jōyō)
* Kun: とおる (tōru, 徹る)

#### Compounds

* 徹(てっ)する (tessuru)
* 徹底(てってい) (tettei)
* 徹夜(てつや) (tetsuya)
* 貫徹(かんてつ) (kantetsu)
* 透徹(とうてつ) (tōtetsu)

### Proper noun

徹(あきら) or 徹(とおる) • (Akira or Tōru)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Hanja

徹 (eum 철 (cheol))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

徹: Hán Nôm readings: triệt, trẹt, trê, trệt, trịt, trít, xẹt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.