# 斫

| 斫 | U+65AB, &#26027; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65AB |
| ← 斪 [U+65AA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 斬 → [U+65AC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

斫 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一口竹一中 (MRHML), four-corner 1262$_1$, composition ⿰石斤)
* cut, chop, lop off

#### Derived characters

* 𬗩, 𦳵, 𥯩, 𮀰

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 479, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13548
* Dae Jaweon: page 838, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2024, character 3
* Unihan data for U+65AB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 斫 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 柘 | *tjaɡs |
| 妬 | *taːɡs |
| 蠹 | *taːɡs |
| 沰 | *taːɡ, *tʰaːɡ |
| 拓 | *tʰaːɡ, *tjaɡ |
| 橐 | *tʰaːɡ |
| 袥 | *tʰaːɡ |
| 驝 | *tʰaːɡ, *raːɡ |
| 斫 | *tjaɡ |
| 磭 | *ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ |
| 磔 | *rtaːɡ |
| 跖 | *tjaɡ |
| 石 | *djaɡ |
| 碩 | *djaɡ |
| 祏 | *djaɡ |
| 鉐 | *djaɡ |
| 鼫 | *djaɡ |

### Etymology

Perhaps related to 觸 (OC *tʰjoɡ, “to butt, knock against”); see there for more (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhuó (zhuo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoek$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): dǔ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiok / chioh
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dog$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$keq; $^7$tsoq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuó
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuó
*** Wade–Giles: cho$^2$
*** Yale: jwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo
*** Palladius: чжо (čžo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoek$^3$
*** Yale: jeuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœːk̚³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǔ
*** Sinological IPA : /tu²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiok
*** Tâi-lô: tsiok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciog
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔk̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chioh
*** Tâi-lô: tsioh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioiq
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡sioʔ³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤʔ³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tok
*** Sinological IPA : /tok̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$keq; $^7$tsoq
*** MiniDict: keh$^入$; tsoh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$keq; $^4$tsoq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kəʔ⁵⁵/, /t͡soʔ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsyak
Rime :
| Character | 斫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 之若切 |
| Baxter | tsyak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭak̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhuo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoek$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjaɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 斫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhuó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyak › |
| Old Chinese | /*tak/ |
| English | cut, hack |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 斫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11464 |
| Phonetic component | 石 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 灼 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjaɡ/ |

### Definitions

斫
* (literary) to hack; to chop
    From: 809, Liu Zongyuan, 始得西山宴遊記
    Suì mìng púrén guò Xiāngjiāng, yuán Rǎnxī, zhuó zhēnmǎng, fén máo pèi, qióng shān zhī gāo ér zhǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 砍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 砍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 砍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 砍, 斬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 砍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 砍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 砍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 砍, 剁 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 砍 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 砍, 㓠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 砍 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 并 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 斬 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 砍, 剁 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 斬, 砍 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 砍 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 砍, 斫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 剉, 鍘 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鏨, 砍, 斲, 刜 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鏨, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鏨, 斲, 刜 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 鏨, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 鏨, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 斲, 斬 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 斬, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 斬 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 斬, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 斲 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 斬 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 㔍 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 剉, 剁 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 砍, 剁 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 剁, 砍 |

### Compounds

* 匠石斫鼻
* 摧花斫柳
* 斫伐
* 斫地
* 斫手
* 斫斷／斫断
* 斫殺／斫杀
* 斫營／斫营
* 斫蜋
* 斫輪老手／斫轮老手
* 斫雕為樸／斫雕为朴
* 斫頭／斫头
* 斫鱠／斫鲙
* 斫鼻
* 斬斫／斩斫

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
* Kan-on: しゃく (shaku)
* Kun: きる (kiru, 斫る)

## Korean
### Hanja

斫 (eum 작 (jak))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

斫: Hán Nôm readings: chước, trác
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.