# medulla
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin medulla (“pith, marrow”), perhaps from medius (“middle”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /məˈdʌlə/, /mɛdʌlə/, [məˈdɐlə], [mɛˈdɐlə]
* (US) IPA: /məˈdulə/, [məˈdʉɫə]
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

medulla (plural medullas or medullae or medullæ)
* The soft inner part of something, especially the pith of a fruit.
* (anatomy) The inner substance of various organs and structures, especially the marrow of bones.
* (anatomy, neuroanatomy) The medulla oblongata.
* (botany) The internal tissue of a plant.

#### Derived terms

* medulla oblongata
* medullar
* medullary
* medulloblastoma
* renal medulla

#### Translations
## Interlingua
### Noun

medulla (plural medullas)
* medulla

## Latin
### Etymology

Uncertain. Traditionally compared to Latin medius (“middle”), or Proto-Indo-European *mosgʰos (“brain, marrow”). (Can this etymology be sourced?) De Vaan mentions neither of these theories, and instead prefers a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *smer-u-lo-, from *smérus (“grease, marrow”), with the irregular change from *-r- > -d- resulting from hypercorrection similar to that of *-d- > -r- in merīdiēs (“midday”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /meˈdul.la/, [mɛˈd̪ʊlːʲä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /meˈdul.la/, [meˈd̪ulːä]

### Noun

medulla f (genitive medullae); first declension
* (anatomy) bone marrow
* (figuratively) as the subjective location of the intense inner physical sensation of a heightened emotion, such as erotic passion
** c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, 45 15-16:“Ut multō mihi maior ācriorque ignis mollibus ārdet in medullīs.”“So that a fire far more blazing may burn in my soft marrow.”
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.66-67:[...] Ēst mollis flamma medullās intereā, et tacitum vīvit sub pectore volnus.The flames consume her tender marrow all the while, and the silent wound dwells within her heart.

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* medullitus
* medullula
* *medullum

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: mãduã
** Romanian: măduvă
* Italo-Romance:
** Corsican: marodda, marolla
** Italian: midolla, midollo
** Sicilian: miduḍḍa, miruḍḍa
* North Italian:
** >? Friulian: medole
** Ligurian: moula, miola, meola
** Lombard: miòla
** Piedmontese: miola
** Venetan: mioła, miola, meoła, meola
    Fiumano: medola
* Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: miola, muola
** Old French: mëolle
*** French: moelle
* Occitano-Romance:
** Old Catalan: meolla, molla, mola
*** Catalan: molla
** Gascon: medora, meula, meura, mora, meusa
** Occitan:
    Auvergnat: miola, mesola, mzola
    Languedocien: mesolha, mesola, meula, meulha, miola, miolha
    Limousin: meula, meulha
    Provençal: mesola, mevola, meula, meulha
    Vivaro-Alpine: mesolha, mesola, meulha, miola, meula
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: miolla, medolla
** Old Leonese:
*** Asturian: megolla, migolla, meolla, miolla
*** Leonese: megolla, migolla, miolla
*** Mirandese: miolha
** Old Galician-Portuguese: *meola
*** Galician: miola, mola, meola
*** Portuguese: miola (Northern Portugal)
* Borrowings:
** → Italian: medulla
** → Catalan: medul·la
** → English: medulla
** → French: médulla
** → Galician: medula
** → Portuguese: medula
** → Spanish: médula

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “medulla”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 369

### Further reading

* “medulla”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “medulla”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* medulla in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* medulla in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Niedermann, Max (1950) “Der Suffixtypus -ullus, -a, -um lateinischer Appellativa”, in Museum Helveticum‎, pages 156–157