# 農家
## Chinese

* 農家 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Agriculturalism (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nóngjiā
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): nung$^4$ gaa$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nùng-kâ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lông-ka
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nóngjiā
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nóngjia
*** Wade–Giles: nung$^2$-chia$^1$
*** Yale: núng-jyā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nongjia
*** Palladius: нунцзя (nunczja)
*** Sinological IPA : /nʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nung$^4$ gaa$^1$
*** Yale: nùhng gā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nung$^4$ gaa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nung$^4$ ga$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /nʊŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nùng-kâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: nung$^ˇ$ ga$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nung$^2$ ga$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /nuŋ¹¹ ka²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lông-ka
*** Tâi-lô: lông-ka
*** Phofsit Daibuun: longkaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ka³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ¹³⁻²² ka⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: nowng kae
Rime :
| Character | 農 | 家 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 冬 (5) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 奴冬切 | 古牙切 |
| Baxter | nowng | kae |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nuoŋ/ | /kˠa/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nuoŋ/ | /kᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /noŋ/ | /ka/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nawŋ/ | /kaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /noŋ/ | /ka/ |
| Wang Li | /nuoŋ/ | /ka/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /nuoŋ/ | /ka/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nóng | jiā |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nung$^4$ | gaa$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤ[o]ŋ kˤra/
    (Zhengzhang): /*nuːŋ kraː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 農 | 家 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | nóng | jiā |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nowng › | ‹ kæ › |
| Old Chinese | /*nˁ[o]ŋ/ | /*kˁra/ |
| English | agriculture; to farm | household |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 農 | 家 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9571 | 5919 |
| Phonetic component | 農 | 家 |
| Rime group | 終 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 農 | 嘉 |
| Old Chinese | /*nuːŋ/ | /*kraː/ |
| Notes | 金文從田不從囟 | |

### Noun

農家
* farming family
* farmhouse
* agriculturalism (a school of Chinese philosophy, prevalent during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (770 to 221 BC), that advocated for peasant utopian communalism and egalitarianism)

#### Derived terms

* 農家乳酪／农家乳酪 (nóngjiā rǔlào)
* 農家乾酪／农家干酪 (nóngjiā gānlào)
* 農家女／农家女
* 農家子／农家子
* 農家子弟／农家子弟
* 農家曆／农家历
* 農家樂／农家乐 (nóngjiālè)
* 農家肥／农家肥 (nóngjiāféi)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 農 | 家 |
| のう Grade: 3 | か Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Sinitic 農家／农家 (nóngjiā).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) のーか [nóꜜòkà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [no̞ːka̠]

### Noun

農(のう)家(か) • (nōka)
* a farming family
* a farmer
* a farmhouse
* agriculturalism, one of the many schools of thought arising in China during the Warring States period, advocating peasant utopian communalism and egalitarianism

#### See also

* Agriculturalism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.