# 軛

| 軛 | U+8EDB, &#36571; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8EDB |
| ← 軚 [U+8EDA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 軜 → [U+8EDC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

軛 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十十一尸山 (JJMSU), four-corner 5101$_2$, composition ⿰車厄)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1240, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38207
* Dae Jaweon: page 1716, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3517, character 8
* Unihan data for U+8EDB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 呃 | *qreːɡs, *qreːɡ |
| 阸 | *qreːɡs, *qreːɡ |
| 厄 | *qreːɡ |
| 蚅 | *qreːɡ |
| 扼 | *qreːɡ |
| 軛 | *qreːɡ |
| 戹 | *qreːɡ |
| 豟 | *qreːɡ |
| 呝 | *qreːɡ |
| 軶 | *qreːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡ) : semantic 車 (“chariot”) + phonetic 厄 (OC *qreːɡ, “yoke”) – specialized form of 厄.

### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔik (“to strangle”), whence also 縊 (OC *qleːɡs, *qleɡs, “to strangle”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): è (e$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): aak$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ak$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ak
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ag$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): ă̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): áik
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): eh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): eh / ek / iak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): êh$^4$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): eg$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$ngeq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nga$^4$ / nge$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: è
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: è
*** Wade–Giles: o$^4$
*** Yale: è
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
*** Palladius: э (e)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: aak$^1$
*** Yale: āak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: aak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ag$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /aːk̚⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ak$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ak̚²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ak
*** Hakka Romanization System: ag$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ag$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ak̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ag$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ak̚¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ă̤
*** Sinological IPA : /ɛ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: áik
*** Sinological IPA : /aiʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: eh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɛʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: eh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɛʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: eh
*** Tâi-lô: eh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: eq
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /eʔ⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /eʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
*** Tâi-lô: ik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: eg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
*** Tâi-lô: iak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/
* Xiamen, Quanzhou:
** eh - vernacular;
** ek/iak - literary.
* Middle Chinese: 'eak
Rime :
| Character | 軛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 麥 (119) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 於革切 |
| Baxter | 'eak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠɛk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚæk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɐk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔəɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /æk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔæk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | e |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤ<r>[i]k/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qreːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 軛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | è |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔɛk › |
| Old Chinese | /*qˁ<r>[i]k/ |
| English | part of a yoke |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 軛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2711 |
| Phonetic component | 戹 |
| Rime group | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 戹 |
| Old Chinese | /*qreːɡ/ |
| Notes | 原從戹 |

### Definitions

軛
* yoke
* to restrain; to control

### Compounds

* 亢軛／亢轭
* 偏轉軛／偏转轭
* 共軛弧／共轭弧
* 共軛複數／共轭复数 (gòng'è fùshù)
* 共軛角／共轭角
* 共軛雙曲線／共轭双曲线
* 共軛鹼／共轭碱 (gòng'èjiǎn)
* 牛軛／牛轭 (niú'è)
* 牛軛湖／牛轭湖
* 犁軛／犁轭
* 狖軛鼯軒／狖轭鼯轩
* 琱軛／雕轭
* 羈軛／羁轭
* 衡軛／衡轭
* 複共軛的／复共轭的
* 負軛／负轭
* 車軛／车轭
* 軛束／轭束
* 軛縛／轭缚
* 輪軛／轮轭
* 轅軛／辕轭
* 銜軛／衔轭
* 鞅軛／鞅轭
* 頓軛／顿轭
* 馬軛／马轭

### Descendants

* → Proto-Tai: *ʔeːkᴰ (“yoke”)
** Ahom: 𑜒𑜢𑜀𑜫 (ʼik)
** Lao: ແອກ (ʼǣk)
** Lü: ᦶᦀᧅ (˙ʼaek)
** Shan: ဢႅၵ်ႇ (ʼèk)
** Tai Dam: ꪵꪮꪀ
** Tai Nüa: ᥟᥦᥐᥱ (ʼǎek)
** Thai: แอก (ɛ̀ɛk)
** Zhuang: ek

### References

* “軛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): あく (aku)、やく (yaku)
* Kun: くびき (kubiki)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 軛
* くびき Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 軛 – see the following entry. :
| 【くびき】 | [noun] yoke (wooden bar) Alternative spellings 衡, 頸木 |
(This term, 軛, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :