# 接骨木
## Chinese

* 接骨木

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiēgǔmù
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝ ㄍㄨˇ ㄇㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zip$^3$ gwat$^1$ muk$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiēgǔmù
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ ㄍㄨˇ ㄇㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiegǔmù
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^1$-ku$^3$-mu$^4$
*** Yale: jyē-gǔ-mù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jieguumuh
*** Palladius: цзегуму (czegumu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zip$^3$ gwat$^1$ muk$^6$
*** Yale: jip gwāt muhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzip$^8$ gwat$^7$ muk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jib$^3$ gued$^1$ mug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːp̚³ kʷɐt̚⁵ mʊk̚²/
* Middle Chinese: tsjep kwot muwk
Rime :
| Character | 接 | 骨 | 木 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 見 (28) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 葉 (155) | 沒 (56) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I | I |
| Fanqie | 即葉切 | 古忽切 | 莫卜切 |
| Baxter | tsjep | kwot | muwk |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡siᴇp̚/ | /kuət̚/ | /muk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɛp̚/ | /kuot̚/ | /muk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sjæp̚/ | /kuət̚/ | /muk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡siap̚/ | /kwət̚/ | /məwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siɛp̚/ | /kuət̚/ | /muk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭɛp̚/ | /kuət̚/ | /muk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡si̯ɛp̚/ | /kuət̚/ | /muk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jie | gu | mù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zip$^3$ | gwat$^1$ | muk$^6$ |

### Noun

接骨木
* (botany) Sambucus williamsii
    Synonym: 扦扦活

#### Derived terms

* 接骨木屬／接骨木属 (“Sambucus”)
* 接骨木果 (“elderberry”)
* 西洋接骨木 (xīyáng jiēgǔmù, “black elder”)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 接 | 骨 | 木 |
| にわとこ |||
| Grade: 5 | Grade: 6 | Grade: 1 |
| irregular |||
* Alternative spelling
* 庭常

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) にわとこ [nìwátókó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɲ̟iβ̞a̠to̞ko̞]

#### Noun

接骨木(にわとこ) or 接骨木(ニワトコ) • (niwatoko)
* Sambucus sieboldiana
** 1911, Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Nikkō Shōhin‎:対岸には接骨木めいた樹がすがれかかった黄葉を低れて力なさそうに水にうつむいた。On the opposite bank trees with look of red elders' near withering yellow leaves drooped and feebly hung their heads down to the water.

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ニワトコ.

##### Derived terms

* 西洋接骨木(せいようにわとこ) (seiyōniwatoko, “black elder”)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 接 | 骨 | 木 |
| せつ > せっ Grade: 5 | こつ Grade: 6 | ぼく Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi |||
From Middle Chinese compound 接骨木 (tsjep kwot muwk, literally “bonesetting + tree”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せっこつぼく [sèkkótsúꜜbòkù] (Nakadaka – [4])
* IPA: [se̞k̚ko̞t͡sɨbo̞kɯ̟]

#### Noun

接(せっ)骨(こつ)木(ぼく) • (sekkotsuboku)
* Sambucus sieboldiana

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 接 | 骨 | 木 |

### Noun

接骨木 • (jeopgolmok) (hangeul 접골목)
* hanja form of 접골목 (“dwarf elder”)