# 舔

| 舔 | U+8214, &#33300; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8214 |
| ← 舓 [U+8213] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 舕 → [U+8215] |

## Translingual
### Han character

舔 (Kangxi radical 135, 舌+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹口竹大心 (HRHKP) or 竹口一大心 (HRMKP), four-corner 2263$_3$, composition ⿰舌忝)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1007, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30312
* Dae Jaweon: page 1464, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2944, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8214

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 添 | *tʰiːm |
| 忝 | *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms |
| 悿 | *tʰiːmʔ |
| 舔 | *l̥ʰiːmʔ |
| 菾 | *diːm |
| 天 | *qʰl'iːn |
| 吞 | *qʰl'iːn, *qʰl'ɯːn |
| 祆 | *qʰliːn |
| 蚕 | *zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ) : semantic 舌 (“tongue”) + phonetic 忝 (OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ljam (“tongue; flame”). The Cantonese vernacular reading (Guangzhou lim$^2$ or lem$^2$; Taishan liam$^2$) preserves the Old Chinese lateral initial *l̥-.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tiǎn (tian$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˇ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): тян (ti͡an, II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tim$^2$ / lim$^2$ / lem$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): liam$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): tiēng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thiám
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tiam$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$thi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tiǎn
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^3$
*** Yale: tyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tean
*** Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: тян (ti͡an, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiæ̃⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tim$^2$ / lim$^2$ / lem$^2$
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tim$^2$ / lim$^2$ / lem$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tim$^2$ / lim$^2$ / lém$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiːm³⁵/, /liːm³⁵/, /lɛːm³⁵/
* tim2 - literary;
* lim2, lem2 - vernacular.
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤ[i]mʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰiːmʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 舔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tiǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ them$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ˁ[i]mʔ/ |
| English | to lick, to lap [not in GSR] |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 舔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12384 |
| Phonetic component | 天 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ʰiːmʔ/ |
| Notes | 餂晚起字 |

### Definitions

舔
* (transitive) to lick
* (figurative, slang, transitive) to suck up to; to brownnose
    舔共 ― tiǎn Gòng ― to suck up to the Communist Party of China
    舔日 ― tiǎn Rì ― to suck up to Japan
    舔美 ― tiǎn Měi ― to suck up to the United States

#### Usage notes

* (to suck up to): Often takes objects that are abbreviated forms, as shown in the examples.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 舐 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 舔 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 舔 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 舔 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 舔 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 舔 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 舔 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 舔 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 舔 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 舔 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 舔 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 舔 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 舔 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 舔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 𦧺, 舔, 舐 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 𦧺, 舔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 舔, 𦧺 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 舔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 𦧺 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 舐, 舔 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 舐 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 舐, 舔 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 𦧺 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 𦧺 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 舔 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 舐 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 舐 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 舐 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 舐 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 舐 |
| Hakka | Changting | 舐 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 舐 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 舐 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 舐 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 舐 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 舐 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 舐 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 舐 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 舐 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 舐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 舐 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 舐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 舐 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 㐁 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 舐 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 舐 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 舔 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 舔涮 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 狧 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 狧 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 狧 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 狧 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 狧 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 狧 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 𩞨 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 𩞨 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 𩞨 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 𩞨 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 𩞨 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 𩞨 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 𩞨 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 𩞨 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 𩞨 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 𩞨 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 舐 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 舐 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 舐 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 舐, 哴 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | jilat |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 舐 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 舐 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 舐 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 舐 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 舐 |
| Southern Min | Tunchang | 舐 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 舔 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 舔 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 舔 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 舔 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 舔 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 舔, 舐 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 舔 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 舔 |

### Compounds

* 刀頭舔血／刀头舔血
* 舔吮
* 舔嘴咂舌
* 舔拭
* 舔狗 (tiǎngǒu)
* 舔碗邊／舔碗边
* 舔舕 (tiǎntàn)
* 舔舔脷
* 跪舔 (guìtiǎn)

### References

* “舔”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: てん (ten)
* Kan-on: てん (ten)
* Kun: なめる (nameru, 舔める)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

舔: Hán Nôm readings: thiểm, liếm, thiêm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.