# 上げる
## Japanese
### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 上
* あ Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
Cognate with 揚(あ)げる (ageru), 挙(あ)げる (ageru).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あげる [àgérú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠ɡe̞ɾɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「上げる」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 上げる | あげる | [àgérú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 上げろ | あげろ | [àgéró] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 上げられる | あげられる | [àgérárérú] |
| Causative | 上げさせる | あげさせる | [àgésásérú] |
| Potential | 上げられる | あげられる | [àgérárérú] |
| Volitional | 上げよう | あげよー | [àgéyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 上げない | あげない | [àgénáí] |
| Negative perfective | 上げなかった | あげなかった | [àgénáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 上げます | あげます | [àgémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 上げた | あげた | [àgétá] |
| Conjunctive | 上げて | あげて | [àgété] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 上げれば | あげれば | [àgéréꜜbà] |
* (Kyoto) あげる [ágérú] (Kōki – [0])

### Verb

上(あ)げる • (ageru) transitive ichidan (stem 上(あ)げ (age), past 上(あ)げた (ageta))
Japanese verb pair :
| active | 上げる |
| mediopassive | 上がる |
* to raise, to lift
    Antonym: 下げる (sageru)
    音量(おんりょう)を上(あ)げる
       onryō o ageru
       to raise the volume
* to give (usually not written with kanji)
    犬(いぬ)に毎日(まいにち)えさをあげてください。
       Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.
       Please give the dog food every day.
* to utter; to cry; to produce; to raise (a voice)
    悲鳴(ひめい)を上(あ)げる
       himei o ageru
       to shriek; to let out a scream
    奇声(きせい)を上(あ)げる
       kisei o ageru
       to raise a strange cry
    声(こえ)を上(あ)げて泣(な)く
       koe o agete naku
       to sob

#### Usage notes

Wikibooks
Japanese has an extensive vocabulary for giving and receiving. While 上げる is used for giving something to someone of equal or lower social standing, 差(さ)し上(あ)げる (sashiageru) is used for giving to someone of higher rank and やる (yaru) for giving to a non-human or to someone of low rank. It is fairly common to use 上げる for giving something to a pet, especially in casual speech, but some speakers consider this usage nonstandard or incorrect.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 上げ | あげ | age |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 上げ | あげ | age |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 上げる | あげる | ageru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 上げる | あげる | ageru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 上げれ | あげれ | agere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 上げよ¹ 上げろ² | あげよ¹ あげろ² | ageyo¹ agero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 上げられる | あげられる | agerareru |
| Causative | 上げさせる 上げさす | あげさせる あげさす | agesaseru agesasu |
| Potential | 上げられる 上げれる³ | あげられる あげれる³ | agerareru agereru³ |
| Volitional | 上げよう | あげよう | ageyō |
| Negative | 上げない 上げぬ 上げん | あげない あげぬ あげん | agenai agenu agen |
| Negative continuative | 上げず | あげず | agezu |
| Formal | 上げます | あげます | agemasu |
| Perfective | 上げた | あげた | ageta |
| Conjunctive | 上げて | あげて | agete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 上げれば | あげれば | agereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||

#### See also

* くれる (kureru): to give (to the speaker, or someone close to the speaker, such as a family member)
* 貰(もら)う (morau): to receive

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
* 1 2 “あ・げる 【上・揚・挙】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.