# 瀑

| 瀑 | U+7011, &#28689; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7011 |
| ← 瀐 [U+7010] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瀒 → [U+7012] |

## Translingual
### Han character

瀑 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+15, 18 strokes, cangjie input 水日廿水 (EATE), four-corner 3613$_2$, composition ⿰氵暴)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 659, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18609
* Dae Jaweon: page 1069, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1778, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7011

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 瀑
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 暴 | *boːwɢs, *boːɡ |
| 曝 | *boːwɢs, *boːɡ |
| 瀑 | *boːwɢs, *boːɡ |
| 虣 | *boːwɢs |
| 爆 | *proːwɢs, *poːwɢ, *proːwɢ |
| 襮 | *poːwɢ, *poːwɢ |
| 嚗 | *proːwɢ |
| 謈 | *pʰroːwɢ, *broːwɢ |
| 犦 | *broːwɢ, *poːwɢ |
| 懪 | *broːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ) – waterfall. However, the phonetic component means "violence", hence it could add part of the meaning given that waterfalls can be impetuous. A conservative version is 𤄗, then the character was stylized into 瀑.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pù (pu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): buk$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phuk / phau / phu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bug$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): po̍k / pho̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pag$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pù
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pù
*** Wade–Giles: pʻu$^4$
*** Yale: pù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: puh
*** Palladius: пу (pu)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: buk$^6$
*** Yale: buhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: buk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʊk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phuk / phau / phu
*** Hakka Romanization System: pug$^ˋ$ / pau / pu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pug$^5$ / pau$^4$ / pu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰuk̚²/, /pʰau̯⁵⁵/, /pʰu⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: bug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʊk̚¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k
*** Tâi-lô: po̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pho̍k
*** Tâi-lô: pho̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phok
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /pʰɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔk̚¹²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pag$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pha̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰak̚⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit瀑 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pʰu⁵¹/ /pʰu³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /pʰu²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /pʰu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /pɔ²¹/ /pu⁵⁵/ 新 |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /pɔ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /pʰu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /pʰu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /pʰv̩⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /pʰu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /pʰu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /pʰu⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /pʰu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /pau¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /pʰu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /pʰu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /pʰoʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /pʰəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /pʰəʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | |
| Jin | Hohhot | /pʰaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /boʔ¹/ /bɔ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /boʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /boʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /bo²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /pʰɔ²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /pʰu¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pʰu²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /pʰu²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pʰuk̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /pʰɑu⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pok̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /pɔk̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /puk̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pʰɔk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /puʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pʰu²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /pʰak̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔbau³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: buwk
Rime :
| Character | 瀑 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蒲木切 |
| Baxter | buwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /buk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /buk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /buk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bəwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /buk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /buk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱuk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | buk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤawk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*boːwɢs/, /*boːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 瀑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bào |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ buwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ˁawk/ |
| English | waterfall? |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瀑 | 瀑 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 332 | 345 |
| Phonetic component | 暴 | 暴 |
| Rime group | 貌 | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 暴 | 暴 |
| Old Chinese | /*boːwɢs/ | /*boːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

瀑
* waterfall

#### Compounds

* 壺口瀑布／壶口瀑布 (Húkǒu Pùbù)
* 懸瀑／悬瀑
* 瀑布
* 瀑風／瀑风
* 飛瀑／飞瀑

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bào (bao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phuk / phau / phu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pau$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pō
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bao$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bào
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bào
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^4$
*** Yale: bàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
*** Palladius: бао (bao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^6$
*** Yale: bouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phuk / phau / phu
*** Hakka Romanization System: pug$^ˋ$ / pau / pu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pug$^5$ / pau$^4$ / pu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰuk̚²/, /pʰau̯⁵⁵/, /pʰu⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pau$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰau⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pō
*** Tâi-lô: pō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /po²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /po²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /po³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bao$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pău
*** Sinological IPA : /pau³⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit瀑 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pʰu⁵¹/ /pʰu³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /pʰu²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /pʰu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /pɔ²¹/ /pu⁵⁵/ 新 |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /pɔ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /pʰu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /pʰu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /pʰv̩⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /pʰu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /pʰu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /pʰu⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /pʰu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /pau¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /pʰu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /pʰu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /pʰoʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /pʰəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /pʰəʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | |
| Jin | Hohhot | /pʰaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /boʔ¹/ /bɔ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /boʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /boʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /bo²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /pʰɔ²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /pʰu¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pʰu²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /pʰu²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pʰuk̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /pʰɑu⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pok̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /pɔk̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /puk̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pʰɔk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /puʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pʰu²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /pʰak̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔbau³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: bawH
Rime :
| Character | 瀑 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 薄報切 |
| Baxter | bawH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɑu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bɑu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bɑu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /bɑu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /bɑu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱɑu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤawk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*boːwɢs/, /*boːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 瀑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bào |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ buwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ˁawk/ |
| English | waterfall? |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瀑 | 瀑 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 332 | 345 |
| Phonetic component | 暴 | 暴 |
| Rime group | 貌 | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 暴 | 暴 |
| Old Chinese | /*boːwɢs/ | /*boːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

瀑
* heavy rain
* (～河) (river in Henan province)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02368
* “瀑”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* waterfall, cascade

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぼう (bō)、ぼく (boku)
* Kan-on: ほく (hoku)、ほう (hō)
* Kan’yō-on: ばく (baku)
* Kun: にわかあめ (niwakaame, 瀑)、たき (taki, 瀑)

#### Compounds

* 瀑布(ばくふ) (bakufu, “waterfall”)
* 名瀑(めいばく) (meibaku, “famous waterfall”)

## Korean
### Hanja

瀑 • (pok, po) (hangeul 폭, 포, revised pok, po, McCune–Reischauer p'ok, p'o, Yale phok, pho)
* waterfall, cascade
* heavy rain

## Vietnamese
### Han character

瀑: Hán Nôm readings: bộc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.