# 輻射
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fúshè
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄕㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk$^1$ se$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fuk-sa
    (Hailu, HRS): fug sha$^˖$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hok-siā
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bag$^4$ sia$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fúshè
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄕㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fúshè
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^2$-shê$^4$
*** Yale: fú-shè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwusheh
*** Palladius: фушэ (fušɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fuk$^1$ se$^6$
*** Yale: fūk seh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fuk$^7$ se$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fug$^1$ sé$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊk̚⁵ sɛː²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fuk-sa
*** Hakka Romanization System: fug$^ˋ$ sa
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fug$^5$ sa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fuk̚² sa⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fug sha$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /fuk⁵⁻² ʃa³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok-siā
*** Tâi-lô: hok-siā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoksia
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sia²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sia⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ sia²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sia³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sia³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bag$^4$ sia$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pak siā
*** Sinological IPA : /pak̚²⁻⁴ sia¹¹/

### Verb

輻射
* to radiate

### Noun

輻射
* radiation (radioactive energy)
    紫外線輻射／紫外线辐射 ― zǐwàixiàn fúshè ― ultraviolet radiation

#### Synonyms

* 放射 (fàngshè)

#### Derived terms

* 熱輻射 / 热辐射 (rèfúshè)
* 輻射治療 / 辐射治疗 (fúshè zhìliáo)
* 輻射防護 / 辐射防护 (fúshè fánghù)
* 電磁輻射 / 电磁辐射 (diàncí fúshè)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 輻 | 射 |
| ふく Hyōgai | しゃ Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふくしゃ [fùkúshá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟kɯ̟ɕa̠]

### Noun

輻(ふく)射(しゃ) • (fukusha)
* radiation

#### Synonyms

* 放射(ほうしゃ) (hōsha)

### Verb

輻(ふく)射(しゃ)する • (fukusha suru) suru (stem 輻(ふく)射(しゃ)し (fukusha shi), past 輻(ふく)射(しゃ)した (fukusha shita))
* radiate

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 輻射し | ふくしゃし | fukusha shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 輻射し | ふくしゃし | fukusha shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 輻射する | ふくしゃする | fukusha suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 輻射する | ふくしゃする | fukusha suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 輻射すれ | ふくしゃすれ | fukusha sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 輻射せよ¹ 輻射しろ² | ふくしゃせよ¹ ふくしゃしろ² | fukusha seyo¹ fukusha shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 輻射される | ふくしゃされる | fukusha sareru |
| Causative | 輻射させる 輻射さす | ふくしゃさせる ふくしゃさす | fukusha saseru fukusha sasu |
| Potential | 輻射できる | ふくしゃできる | fukusha dekiru |
| Volitional | 輻射しよう | ふくしゃしよう | fukusha shiyō |
| Negative | 輻射しない | ふくしゃしない | fukusha shinai |
| Negative continuative | 輻射せず | ふくしゃせず | fukusha sezu |
| Formal | 輻射します | ふくしゃします | fukusha shimasu |
| Perfective | 輻射した | ふくしゃした | fukusha shita |
| Conjunctive | 輻射して | ふくしゃして | fukusha shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 輻射すれば | ふくしゃすれば | fukusha sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 輻 | 射 |

### Noun

輻射
* chữ Hán form of bức xạ (“radiation”).

### Verb

輻射
* chữ Hán form of bức xạ (“to radiate”).