# 聰

| 聰 | U+8070, &#32880; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8070 |
| ← 聯 [U+806F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 聱 → [U+8071] |
| 聰 | U+2F97F, &#194943; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F97F |
| ← 𦖨 [U+2F97E] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 𣍟 → [U+2F980] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 聰 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 聡 |
| Simplified | 聪 |

### Han character

聰 (Kangxi radical 128, 耳+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 尸十竹田心 (SJHWP), four-corner 1613$_0$, composition ⿰耳悤)

#### Derived characters

* 𧃿

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 969, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29154
* Dae Jaweon: page 1419, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2795, character 1
* Unihan data for U+8070
* Unihan data for U+2F97F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 牎 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 窗 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 窓 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 囱 | *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloːŋ |
| 總 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 熜 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 傯 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 緫 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 揔 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 偬 | *ʔsloːŋʔ, *ʔsloːŋs |
| 囪 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 璁 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 驄 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 蔥 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 匆 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 怱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 葱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 楤 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 聦 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 繱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 騘 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 鍯 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 聰 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 愡 | *sʰloːŋs |
| 檧 | *sloːŋ, *sloːŋʔ |
| 憽 | *sloːŋ |
| 幒 | *sʰloŋʔ, *kjoŋ |
The character derives from its proto-form 悤, which represents a heart/mind (心) with a big dot on top indicating a hole. According to Qiu Xigui (裘錫圭) and Shen Pei (沈培), it indicates an open heart and an open mind. Its original meaning was "intelligent". Later, it became Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloːŋ) : phonetic 囪 (OC *sʰloːŋ) + semantic 心 (“heart”), hence the dot on top became the pictogram of a window.
Eventually, the character evolved into 聰, i.e., Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloːŋ) : semantic 耳 (“ear”) + phonetic 悤, in which the ear symbolizes somebody willing to listen and learn fastly through hearing.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cōng (cong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cung$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tuung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhûng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cung$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chŭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): corng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhong / chhang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cong$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tshon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cong
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻung$^1$
*** Yale: tsūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsong
*** Palladius: цун (cun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cung$^1$
*** Yale: chūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: tuung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɵŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: cung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chŭng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: corng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɒŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhong / chhang
*** Tâi-lô: tshong / tshang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhofng, zhafng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³/, /t͡sʰaŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/
* chhong - literary;
* chhang - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tshuwng
Rime :
| Character | 聰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 倉紅切 |
| Baxter | tshuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-l̥ˤoŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰloːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 聰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-l̥ˁoŋ/ |
| English | hear well; intelligent |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 聰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1830 |
| Phonetic component | 囱 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 怱 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰloːŋ/ |

### Definitions

聰
* quick at hearing
* hearing; sense of hearing
* intelligent; clever; bright
    Synonyms: 穎／颖 (yǐng), 慧 (huì)
* satoshi (bitcoin unit)

### Compounds

* 伶俐聰敏／伶俐聪敏
* 冰雪聰明／冰雪聪明 (bīngxuěcōngmíng)
* 失聰／失聪 (shīcōng)
* 宸聰／宸聪
* 小聰明／小聪明 (xiǎocōngmíng)
* 啟聰／启聪
* 明目達聰／明目达聪
* 絕頂聰明／绝顶聪明
* 耳目聰明／耳目聪明
* 耳聰／耳聪
* 耳聰目明／耳聪目明 (ērcōngmùmíng)
* 聰了／聪了
* 聰慧／聪慧 (cōnghuì)
* 聰敏／聪敏 (cōngmǐn)
* 聰明／聪明 (cōngmíng)
* 聰明乖覺／聪明乖觉
* 聰明人／聪明人 (cōngmíngrén)
* 聰明伶俐／聪明伶俐 (cōngmínglínglì)
* 聰明才智／聪明才智 (cōngmíngcáizhì)
* 聰明絕頂／聪明绝顶 (cōngmíngjuédǐng)
* 聰穎／聪颖 (cōngyǐng)
* 聰靈／聪灵
* 自作聰明／自作聪明 (zìzuòcōngmíng)
* 蔽聰塞明／蔽聪塞明
* 閉明塞聰／闭明塞聪
* 鬼聰明／鬼聪明

### References

* “聰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “聪”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 39.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 聡 |
| Kyūjitai | 聰 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 聡)
* wise, intelligent

#### Readings

* Go-on: す (su)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
* Kun: さとい (satoi, 聰い)
* Nanori: あきら (akira)、さとし (satoshi)

## Korean
### Hanja

聰 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, Yale chong)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

聰: Hán Nôm readings: thông
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.