# 老者
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lǎozhě
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˇ ㄓㄜˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lou$^5$ ze$^2$
* Xiang (Hengyang, Wiktionary): lau$^3$ jie$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǎozhě [Phonetic: láozhě]
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˇ ㄓㄜˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lǎojhě
*** Wade–Giles: lao$^3$-chê$^3$
*** Yale: lǎu-jě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: laojee
*** Palladius: лаочжэ (laočžɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lou$^5$ ze$^2$
*** Yale: lóuh jé
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lou$^5$ dze$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lou$^5$ zé$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /lou̯¹³ t͡sɛː³⁵/
* Xiang
** (Hengyang)
*** Wiktionary: lau$^3$ jie$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑʊ̯³³ t͡ɕi̯e̞³³/
* Middle Chinese: lawX tsyaeX
Rime :
| Character | 老 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 盧晧切 | 章也切 |
| Baxter | lawX | tsyaeX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /law$^X$/ | /cia$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕĭa$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕi̯a$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lǎo | zhě |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lou$^5$ | ze$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.rˤuʔ tAʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ruːʔ tjaːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 老 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lǎo | zhě |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ law$^X$ › | ‹ tsyæ$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.rˁuʔ/ | /*tAʔ/ |
| English | old | (nominalizing particle) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 老 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 7666 | 16960 |
| Phonetic component | 老 | 者 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 老 | 者 |
| Old Chinese | /*ruːʔ/ | /*tjaːʔ/ |
| Notes | | 說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水， 爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說 |

### Noun

老者
* (literary or Hengyang Xiang) old person; old people

#### Synonyms

* 家先生 (Hakka, polite, term of address)
* 老人 (lǎorén)
* 老人家 (polite, term of address)
* 老大人 (Hokkien, polite, term of address)
* 老年人 (lǎoniánrén)
* 黃髮／黄发 (huángfà) (literary)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 老者(ろうしゃ) (rōsha)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 老 | 者 |
| ろう Grade: 4 | しゃ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 老者 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ろーしゃ [róꜜòshà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɾo̞ːɕa̠]

### Noun

老(ろう)者(しゃ) • (rōsha)
* old person; elderly

#### Synonyms

* 老(ろう)人(じん) (rōjin)
* 年(とし)寄(よ)り (toshiyori)
* 古(こ)老(ろう) (korō)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN