# 鴉

| 鴉 | U+9D09, &#40201; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9D09 |
| ← 鴈 [U+9D08] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鴊 → [U+9D0A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鴉 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+4, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一竹竹日火 (MHHAF), four-corner 1722$_7$, composition ⿰牙鳥)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1484, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46738
* Dae Jaweon: page 2016, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4618, character 14
* Unihan data for U+9D09

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 邪 | *ljaː, *laː |
| 衺 | *ljaː |
| 牙 | *ŋraː |
| 芽 | *ŋraː |
| 齖 | *ŋraː, *ŋraːs |
| 呀 | *ŋraː, *hŋraː |
| 枒 | *ŋraː, *ŋraːs |
| 雅 | *ŋraːʔ |
| 厊 | *ŋraːʔ |
| 庌 | *ŋraːʔ |
| 訝 | *ŋraːs |
| 迓 | *ŋraːs |
| 砑 | *ŋraːs |
| 犽 | *ŋraːs |
| 疨 | *hŋraː |
| 岈 | *hŋraː |
| 谺 | *hŋraː |
| 颬 | *hŋraː |
| 鴉 | *qraː |
| 釾 | *laː |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraː) : phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka-n (“crow”). Doublet of 烏 (OC *qaː, “crow; raven”) . The Middle Chinese of 鴉 retains the earlier vowel.
Schuessler (2007) disputes Old Chinese reconstructions with medial *-r-, reasoning that 鴉's place among Division II syllables (often from Old Chinese syllables containing *-r-) results rather from archaism which preserves the original vowel's quality.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yā (ya$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄚ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ya$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): я (i͡a, II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): aa$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): a$^1$ / a$^{1*}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): nga$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): â
    (Hailu, HRS): a$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): a$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ia$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): á
* Eastern Min (BUC): ă / uă
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): a$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): a
    (Teochew, Peng'im): a$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ia; $^1$o
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): ia$^1$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): ia$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yā
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ya
*** Wade–Giles: ya$^1$
*** Yale: yā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ia
*** Palladius: я (ja)
*** Sinological IPA : /jä⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ya$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ia
*** Sinological IPA : /ia⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: я (i͡a, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /ia⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: aa$^1$
*** Yale: ā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: aa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: a$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /aː⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: a$^1$ / a$^{1*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /a³³/, /a³³⁻³³⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: nga$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋa⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: â
*** Hakka Romanization System: a$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: a$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /a²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: a$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /a⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: a$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /a⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ia$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ia¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: á
*** Sinological IPA : /a⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ă / uă
*** Sinological IPA : /a⁵⁵/, /ua⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: a$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /a⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: a
*** Tâi-lô: a
*** Phofsit Daibuun: af
*** IPA (Xiamen): /a⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /a³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /a⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /a⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /a⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: a$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: a
*** Sinological IPA : /a³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ia; $^1$o
*** MiniDict: ia$^平$; o$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ia; $^1$o
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ia⁵³/, /o⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ia$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /i̯a̠³³/
** (Hengyang)
*** Wiktionary: ia$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /i̯ä⁴⁴⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit鴉 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ia⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ia⁴⁴/ 烏～ /ia²¹³/ ～片 |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /iɑ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ia²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ia⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ia²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ia²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ia⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ia⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ia¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ia⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ia⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ia⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ia⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ia̠⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /iɑ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ia²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ia¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /iɑ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ia³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /o⁵³/ /ia⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /o⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔiɑ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /o³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ia³¹/ /ŋa³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ŋɔ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ia³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /iɒ³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ŋɑ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /a⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ɑ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /a⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /a⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /a⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /a⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /a⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /a⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /a³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /za³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: 'ae
Rime :
| Character | 鴉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 於加切 |
| Baxter | 'ae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠa/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔa/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔa/ |
| Wang Li | /a/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yā |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | aa$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤra/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qraː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鴉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yā |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔæ › |
| Old Chinese | /*qˁra/ |
| English | raven, crow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鴉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14196 |
| Phonetic component | 牙 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鴉 |
| Old Chinese | /*qraː/ |
| Notes | 見莊子 |

### Definitions

鴉
* crow; raven
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Mín shí chúhuàn, mílù shí jiàn, jíqiě gān dài, chīyā qí shǔ, sì zhě shú zhī zhèngwèi? [Pinyin]
    Men eat animals that have been fed on grain and grass; elaphures feed on the thick-set grass; centipedes enjoy small snakes; owls and crows delight in mice; but does any one of the four know the right taste?
    From: 13th century – 14th century, 馬致遠 (Ma Zhiyuan), 秋思 (Autumn Thoughts)
    Kūténg lǎoshù hūnyā, xiǎoqiáo liúshuǐ rénjiā. [Pinyin]
    Withered vines, an old tree, evening crows; small bridges, flowing stream, family houses.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 烏, 鴉 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 烏鴉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 老鴰, 老鴉兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 烏鴉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 老鴰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 老鴰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 老鴰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 老鴰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 老鴰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 老哇, 老哇子, 黑老哇, 烏鴉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 老鴰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 烏鴉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 烏鴉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 老鴰 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 老鴰 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 老鴰 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 老鴰 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 老鴰 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 老鴰, 黑老鴰 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 黑老哇子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 老哇 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 老鴰 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 老鴰 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 老哇 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 老鴰 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 老哇, 黑老哇 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 老哇, 鴰老闆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 老鴰, 烏鴉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 老哇, 黑老哇, 烏鴉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 黑老哇 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 老哇 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 老哇 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 老哇, 狼老哇 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 老哇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 老哇, 烏鴉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 老哇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 老哇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 老哇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 烏鴉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 烏鴉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 烏鴉, 烏鴉鳥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 烏鴉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 老哇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 老哇 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 老哇, 黑老哇 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 老鴉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 老鴉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 老鴰子, 老鴰 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 老鴉 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 烏鴉, 老鴉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 老鴉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 老鴉 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 老鴉 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 呱乸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 鴉雀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 老鴉 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 烏鴉, 老鴉 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 老鴉 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 烏鴉, 老鴉 |
| Cantonese | Dongxing | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 老鴉 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 烏鴉 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 烏鴉, 老鴉 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 老鴉 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 老鴉 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 老鴉, 鴉雀 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 老鴉 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 老鴉 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 老鴉 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 老鴉 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 老鴉 |
| Hakka | Changting | 烏鴉鵲 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 老鴉 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 老鴉子 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 老鴉 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 老鴉 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 老鴉 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 老鴉仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 烏鴉仔, 老鴉仔, 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 老鴉, 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 老鴉, 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 老鴉, 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 烏鴉 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 老鴉 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 烏鴉 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 老鴉 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 老鴉 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 老鴉 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 老鴉 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 老鴉 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 老鴉 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 老鴉 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 老鴉 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 黑老哇 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 黑老哇 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 黑澇鴉兒 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 黑老哇 |
| Jin | Linhe | 黑老哇 |
| Jin | Jining | 黑老哇 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 黑老哇 |
| Jin | Baotou | 烏鴉 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 黑老哇 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 黑老哇 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 老哇 |
| Jin | Handan | 老鴰 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 老鴉 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 老鴉 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 老鴉 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 老鴉 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 老烏 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 老鴉 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 老鴉 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 老鴉 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 老鴉 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 老鴉 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 老鴉 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 老鴰 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 老鴉 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 老鴉 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 老鴉 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 老鴉 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 老鴉 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 老鴉 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 烏鴉 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 烏鴉 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 烏鴉 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 烏鴉 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 烏鴉 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 烏鴉 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 烏鴉, 烏鴉仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 烏鴉仔 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 烏鴉 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 烏鴉 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 烏鴉 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 烏鴉, 歹鳥 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 烏鴉 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 老鴉 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 老鴉 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 老鴉 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 烏鴉 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 烏鴉 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 烏鴉 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 烏鴉 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 沙烏 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 衫烏 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 衫烏 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 鶚卵, 烏鴉 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 鶚卵 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 烏鴉 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 烏鴉, 老鴉 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 烏鴉 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 老鴉 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 老鴉 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 老鴉 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 老鴉 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 老鴉 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 老鴉 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 老鴉 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 老鴉 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 老鴉 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 老鴉 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 老鴉 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 烏鴉 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 老鴉 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 烏鴉, 老鴉 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 老鴉 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 老鴉, 烏鴉 |
| Wu | Danyang | 烏老鴉, 烏鴉, 老鴉 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 烏老鴉, 烏老鴉兒, 烏鴉 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 老鴉, 烏鴉 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 老鴉, 烏老鴉 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 烏老鴉, 烏鴉 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 烏老鴉 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 老哇子, 老哇 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 老哇子, 老哇 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 老哇子 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 烏鴉 |

### Compounds

* 信筆塗鴉／信笔涂鸦
* 嘔鴉／呕鸦
* 堆鴉／堆鸦
* 塗鴉／涂鸦 (túyā)
* 宮鴉／宫鸦
* 寒鴉／寒鸦 (hányā)
* 彩鳳隨鴉／彩凤随鸦
* 木老鴉／木老鸦
* 水老鴉／水老鸦
* 烏鴉／乌鸦 (wūyā)
* 烏鴉嘴／乌鸦嘴 (wūyāzuǐ)
* 烏鴉閃蛋／乌鸦闪蛋
* 盤鴉／盘鸦
* 青鴉鴉／青鸦鸦
* 非鴉非鳳／非鸦非凤
* 鬢若堆鴉／鬓若堆鸦
* 鴉嘴鋤／鸦嘴锄
* 鴉巢生鳳／鸦巢生凤
* 鴉烏／鸦乌
* 鴉片／鸦片 (yāpiàn)
* 鴉片戰爭／鸦片战争 (Yāpiàn Zhànzhēng)
* 鴉片煙／鸦片烟 (yāpiànyān)
* 鴉片罪／鸦片罪
* 鴉膽子／鸦胆子 (yādǎnzǐ)
* 鴉舅／鸦舅
* 鴉雀不聞／鸦雀不闻
* 鴉雀無聞／鸦雀无闻
* 鴉雀無聲／鸦雀无声 (yāquèwúshēng)
* 鴉青／鸦青
* 鴉青鈔／鸦青钞
* 鴉頭襪／鸦头袜
* 鴉飛鵲亂／鸦飞鹊乱
* 鴉髻／鸦髻
* 鴉鬟／鸦鬟
* 鴉鬢／鸦鬓
* 鴉鵲不聞／鸦鹊不闻
* 鴉鵲嶺／鸦鹊岭 (Yāquèlǐng)
* 鴉鵲無聲／鸦鹊无声
* 鴉黃／鸦黄
* 鴉默雀靜／鸦默雀静 (yāmoqiǎojìng)
* 鶻入鴉群／鹘入鸦群
* 鷗鴉／鸥鸦
* 墨鴉／墨鸦

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: え (e)
* Kan-on: あ (a)
* Kun: からす (karasu, 鴉)

#### Compounds

* 鴉片(あへん) (ahen, “opium”)
* 鴉鷺(あろ) (aro, “crow and heron; black and white”)
* 寒鴉(かんあ) (kan'a, “winter crow”)
* 暁鴉(ぎょうあ) (gyōa, “crow cawing in the morning”)
* 宿鴉(しゅくあ) (shukua, “roosting crow”)
* 乱鴉(らんあ) (ran'a, “wildly flying crows”)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 鴉
* からす Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 鴉 – see the following entry. :
| 【からすカラス】 | [noun] a crow or raven Alternative spelling 烏 |
(This term, 鴉, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Kikai
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

### Noun

鴉(がらさー) or 鴉(がるさー) (garasā or garusā)
* Alternative form of 烏

## Korean
### Hanja

鴉 • (a) (hangeul 아)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Northern Amami Ōshima
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

### Noun

鴉(からすぃ) (karasï)
* Alternative form of 烏

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

### Noun

鴉(がらし) (garashi)
* Alternative form of 烏

## Okinoerabu
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

### Noun

鴉(がらし) (garashi)
* Alternative form of 烏

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鴉: Hán Việt readings: nha
鴉: Nôm readings: a, ác
* chữ Hán form of nha (“crow, raven”).
* Nôm form of ác (“crow, raven”).

#### References

* 1 2 Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Trần (2004).

## Yonaguni
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

### Noun

鴉(がらち) (garachi)
* Alternative form of 烏