# 工程
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōngchéng
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄔㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^1$ cing$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kûng-chhàng
    (Hailu, HRS): gung$^ˋ$ chang
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kang-thêng / kang-têng / kang-tiâⁿ / kang-thiâⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gang$^1$ tian$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngchéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongchéng
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: gūng-chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongcherng
*** Palladius: гунчэн (gunčɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$宮城／宫城 工程 攻城 功成 恭城
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$ cing$^4$
*** Yale: gūng chìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$ tsing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$ qing$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-chhàng
*** Hakka Romanization System: gung$^ˊ$ cang$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gung$^1$ cang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴ t͡sʰaŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gung$^ˋ$ chang
*** Sinological IPA: /kuŋ⁵³ t͡ʃʰaŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang-thêng
*** Tâi-lô: kang-thîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kangteeng
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /kaŋ³³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ¹³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang-têng
*** Tâi-lô: kang-tîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kangdeeng
*** IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ²³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang-tiâⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kang-tiânn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kangdviaa
*** IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiã²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiã²³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang-thiâⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kang-thiânn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kangtviaa
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiã²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gang$^1$ tian$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang thiâⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ³³⁻²³ tʰĩã⁵⁵/

### Noun

工程
* (uncountable) engineering
    地理信息工程 ― dìlǐ xìnxī gōngchéng ― geographic information engineering
    材料加工工程 ― cáiliào jiāgōng gōngchéng ― material processing engineering
    林業工程／林业工程 ― línyè gōngchéng ― forestry engineering
    基建工程 ― jījiàn gōngchéng ― capital construction
* (countable) project (Classifier: 個／个; 項／项)
    希望工程 ― xīwàng gōngchéng ― Project Hope
    夏商周斷代工程／夏商周断代工程 ― Xià Shāng Zhōu duàndài gōngchéng ― the Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project

#### Synonyms

* (project):
* 方案 (fāng'àn)
* 計劃／计划 (jìhuà)
* 項目／项目 (xiàngmù)
* (engineering): (Cantonese) N展

#### Derived terms

* 交通工程 (jiāotōng gōngchéng)
* 反向工程 (fǎnxiàng gōngchéng)
* 土木工程 (tǔmù gōngchéng)
* 基因工程 (jīyīn gōngchéng)
* 工兵 (gōngbīng)
* 工程兵 (gōngchéngbīng)
* 工程大 (Gōngchéngdà)
* 工程學／工程学 (gōngchéngxué)
* 工程師／工程师 (gōngchéngshī)
* 形象工程 (xíngxiàng gōngchéng)
* 核工程 (hégōngchéng)
* 機械工程／机械工程 (jīxiè gōngchéng)
* 水利工程 (shuǐlì gōngchéng)
* 生態工程／生态工程 (shēngtài gōngchéng)
* 社會工程／社会工程 (shèhuì gōngchéng)
* 系統工程／系统工程 (xìtǒng gōngchéng)
* 豆腐渣工程 (dòufuzhā gōngchéng)
* 軟件工程／软件工程 (ruǎnjiàn gōngchéng)
* 逆向工程 (nìxiàng gōngchéng)
* 遺傳工程／遗传工程 (yíchuán gōngchéng)
* 選舉工程／选举工程 (xuǎnjǔgōngchéng)
* 金融工程 (jīnróng gōngchéng)
* 電子工程／电子工程 (diànzǐ gōngchéng)
* 面子工程 (miànzǐ gōngchéng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 工程(こうてい) (kōtei)
* → Korean: 공정(工程) (gongjeong)
* → Vietnamese: công trình (工程)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 工 | 程 |
| こう Grade: 2 | てい Grade: 5 |
| kan'on ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーてー [kòótéé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞ːte̞ː]

### Noun

工(こう)程(てい) • (kōtei)
* work process
* progress of work

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 工 | 程 |

### Noun

工程 • (gongjeong) (hangeul 공정)
* hanja form of 공정 (“process”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 工 | 程 |

### Noun

工程
* chữ Hán form of công trình (“project”).