# 碼

| 碼 | U+78BC, &#30908; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78BC |
| ← 碻 [U+78BB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 碽 → [U+78BD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

碼 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一口尸手火 (MRSQF), four-corner 1162$_7$, composition ⿰石馬)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 833, character 33
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24368
* Dae Jaweon: page 1251, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2446, character 7
* Unihan data for U+78BC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 馬 | *mraːʔ |
| 碼 | *mraːʔ |
| 罵 | *mraːʔ, *mraːs |
| 鷌 | *mraːʔ |
| 鰢 | *mraːʔ |
| 瑪 | *mraːʔ |
| 榪 | *mraːs |
| 傌 | *mraːs |
| 禡 | *mraːs |
| 媽 | *maːʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone; rock”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ).

### Etymology

Before Qing dynasty, the character was used in word 碼瑙／码瑙 (Yupian) and 碼頭／码头 (mǎtou) (Stories to Awaken the World), both originally written with 馬／马 (mǎ).

#### “gambling chip”, “chip for counting” (> “number”), “classifier for things”

    Appears in Qing dynasty, also originally written with 馬／马 (mǎ). See 馬／马 (mǎ) for more.

#### “yard”

    Used in 《英吉利国舆情记略》 (1834), probably a derivation of "counting chip" sense which is used for translating English yard.

#### “kilometer per hour”

    Probably a corruption of 邁／迈 (mài) (mile > mile per hour > kilometer per hour).

#### “pixelization”

    Short for 馬賽克／马赛克 (mǎsàikè).

#### “to reply to a post for reading it later”

    From English mark.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mǎ (ma$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maa$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mâ
* Northern Min (KCR): mǎ
* Eastern Min (BUC): mā
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bé / bée / má / bā
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhê$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǎ
*** Wade–Giles: ma$^3$
*** Yale: mǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maa
*** Palladius: ма (ma)
*** Sinological IPA : /mä²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (碼兒／码儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǎr
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǎr
*** Wade–Giles: ma$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: mǎr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maal
*** Palladius: мар (mar)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑɻ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maa$^5$
*** Yale: máh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maa$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ma$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /maː¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: ma$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ma$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ma²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǎ
*** Sinological IPA : /ma²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mā
*** Sinological IPA : /ma³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bé
*** Tâi-lô: bé
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bea
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /be⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /be⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /be⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bée
*** Tâi-lô: bée
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɛ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: má
*** Tâi-lô: má
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mar
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /mã⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /mã⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /mã⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bā
*** Tâi-lô: bā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ba
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ba³³/
* bé/bée - colloquial;
* má - literary;
* bā - “yard”.
* Middle Chinese: maeX
Rime :
| Character | 碼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 莫下切 |
| Baxter | maeX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠa$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚa$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ma$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ma$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ma$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ma$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǎ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | maa$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mraːʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 碼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8716 |
| Phonetic component | 馬 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 馬 |
| Old Chinese | /*mraːʔ/ |
| Notes | 古作馬 |

### Definitions

碼
* Used in 碼瑙／码瑙.
* digit; number; code
    號碼／号码 ― hàomǎ ― number; code; digit
* size name
* (Cantonese, of clothing in general) size
* yard (unit of length)
* (Cantonese) Classifier for hours (of work).
    八碼／八码 [Cantonese] ― baat$^3$ maa$^5$ [Jyutping] ― eight hours (of work)
** 2009 December 17, 王國興, parliamentary debates‎:
       ho$^2$ si$^6$, zung$^1$ dai$^1$ cang$^4$ jyun$^4$ gung$^1$ bat$^1$ daan$^6$ doi$^6$ jyu$^6$ caa$^1$, waan$^4$ jiu$^3$ coeng$^4$ si$^4$ gaan$^3$ gung$^1$ zok$^3$, lai$^6$ jyu$^4$ bou$^2$ on$^1$, cing$^1$ git$^3$ dang$^2$ gung$^1$ zung$^2$, zeoi$^3$ dai$^1$ haan$^6$ dou$^6$ jiu$^3$ zou$^6$ “sap$^6$ ji$^6$ maa$^5$”. [Jyutping]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2014, 凌劍剛, 保安天書‎, 萬里書店, →ISBN, page 113:
       bou$^2$ on$^1$ jyun$^4$ jat$^1$ bun$^1$ fan$^1$ wai$^4$ baat$^3$ maa$^5$ (8 siu$^2$ si$^4$) wo$^4$ sap$^6$ ji$^6$ maa$^5$ (12 siu$^2$ si$^4$) loeng$^5$ daai$^6$ leoi$^6$, syun$^2$ ding$^6$ soeng$^5$ baan$^1$ si$^4$ gaan$^3$ zi$^1$ hau$^6$ si$^6$ bat$^1$ wui$^5$ zyun$^3$ baan$^1$ dik$^1$; zyu$^2$ jam$^6$ wo$^4$ zyu$^2$ gun$^2$ kap$^1$ jat$^1$ bun$^1$ wai$^4$ gau$^2$ waak$^6$ sap$^6$ siu$^2$ si$^4$ gung$^1$ zok$^3$, ging$^1$ lei$^5$ zak$^1$ wai$^4$ baat$^3$ zi$^3$ gau$^2$ siu$^2$ si$^4$. [Jyutping]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2016 April 30, “勞工及福利局局長就標準工時和低收入在職家庭津貼與傳媒談話內容”, in 新聞公報‎:
       lai$^6$ jyu$^4$ jat$^1$ se$^1$ coeng$^4$ gung$^1$ si$^4$ dik$^1$ so$^2$ wai$^6$ “sap$^6$ ji$^6$ maa$^5$” bou$^2$ on$^1$ jyun$^4$, jyu$^4$ gwo$^2$ jau$^5$ liu$^5$ jat$^1$ go$^3$ gung$^1$ si$^4$ biu$^1$ zeon$^2$, naa$^5$ zoi$^6$ kwai$^1$ haan$^6$ dik$^1$ gung$^1$ si$^4$ ji$^5$ ngoi$^6$ bin$^6$ jiu$^3$ kap$^1$ jyu$^5$ “ou$^1$ ti$^1$”, zik$^1$ so$^2$ wai$^6$ dik$^1$ “bou$^2$ seoi$^2$”, bat$^1$ si$^6$ mui$^5$ jat$^1$ go$^3$ gu$^3$ zyu$^2$ dou$^1$ wui$^6$ lau$^4$ haa$^6$ jyun$^4$ gung$^1$ zok$^3$ “bou$^2$ seoi$^2$”, jyu$^4$ gwo$^2$ mut$^6$ jau$^5$ “bou$^2$ seoi$^2$” bing$^6$ baa$^2$ gung$^1$ si$^4$ suk$^1$ dyun$^2$, ze$^2$ se$^1$ jyun$^4$ gung$^1$ dik$^1$ sang$^1$ gai$^3$ bin$^6$ wui$^5$ zik$^1$ si$^4$ sau$^6$ jing$^2$ hoeng$^2$. [Jyutping]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2018 December 24, “【最低工資】保安爸爸的「12碼」生涯　聖誕加班忙　天倫樂成奢侈”, in 香港01‎:
       fong$^2$ man$^6$ dong$^1$ jat$^6$ je$^6$ mok$^6$ dai$^1$ seoi$^4$, bou$^2$ on$^1$ jyun$^4$ kwan$^1$ go$^1$ koek$^3$ coi$^4$ gong$^1$ gong$^1$ haa$^6$ baan$^1$. seoi$^1$ jin$^4$ gong$^1$ gong$^1$ ngaai$^4$ jyun$^4$ jat$^1$ coeng$^4$ “12 maa$^5$” dik$^1$ taa$^1$ ji$^5$ pei$^4$ baai$^6$ bat$^1$ ham$^1$, daan$^6$ taam$^4$ dou$^3$ gwo$^3$ heoi$^3$ si$^4$ kwan$^1$ go$^1$ koek$^3$ tou$^1$ tou$^1$ bat$^1$ zyut$^6$. [Jyutping]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (computing) code
    源碼／源码 ― yuánmǎ ― source code
    二維碼／二维码 ― èrwéimǎ ― QR code
    亂碼／乱码 ― luànmǎ ― mojibake
* code, encoding of a Chinese character into the Latin alphabet
    電碼／电码 ― diànmǎ ― Chinese telegraph code
    音碼、形碼／音码、形码 ― yīnmǎ, xíngmǎ ― pronunciation-based IME, shape-based IME
       pīnyīn shūrùfǎ de chóngmǎlǜ [Pinyin]
       rate of code overlap for Pinyin IMEs
* Classifier for things, matter.
* (colloquial) to pile up
* (Mainland China) to type a document
* (colloquial, in varieties that don't use 邁) kilometer per hour
* (Mainland China, colloquial) pixelization; to pixelize
* (Mainland China, Internet slang) to "mark" a piece of web content (by replying to it or (re)posting it) for reading it later

#### Synonyms

* (pixelization): 馬賽克／马赛克 (mǎsàikè)

#### See also

* 號／号 (hào)

### Compounds

* 一碼子／一码子
* 一碼新／一码新
* 中文內碼／中文内码
* 亂碼／乱码 (luànmǎ)
* 二進制碼／二进制码
* 交換碼／交换码
* 代碼／代码 (dàimǎ)
* 代碼機／代码机
* 價碼／价码 (jiàmǎ)
* 內碼／内码 (nèimǎ)
* 兩碼事／两码事 (liǎngmǎshì)
* 公許碼頭／公许码头
* 加碼／加码 (jiāmǎ)
* 十二碼／十二码 (shí'èrmǎ)
* 十二碼球／十二码球
* 卡片碼／卡片码
* 另碼事／另码事
* 商品條碼／商品条码
* 土碼子／土码子
* 壽頭碼子／寿头码子
* 密碼／密码 (mìmǎ)
* 密電碼／密电码
* 尺碼／尺码 (chǐmǎ)
* 層層加碼／层层加码
* 工碼兒／工码儿
* 平碼館／平码馆
* 底碼／底码
* 快碼倉頡／快码仓颉
* 截碼機／截码机
* 戲碼／戏码 (xìmǎ)
* 戲碼單／戏码单
* 拜碼頭／拜码头 (bàimǎtou)
* 挑碼頭／挑码头
* 捏碼／捏码
* 捏碼子／捏码子
* 撞碼頭／撞码头
* 數碼／数码 (shùmǎ)
* 明碼／明码 (míngmǎ)
* 暗碼／暗码 (ànmǎ)
* 條碼／条码 (tiáomǎ)
* 棧橋碼頭／栈桥码头
* 水旱碼頭／水旱码头
* 水碼頭／水码头
* 法碼／法码
* 注碼
* 洋碼子／洋码子 (yángmǎzi)
* 洋碼字／洋码字
* 琴碼／琴码 (qínmǎ)
* 疊碼仔／叠码仔 (diémǎzǎi)
* 砝碼／砝码 (fǎmǎ)
* 碼口／码口
* 碼子／码子 (mǎzi)
* 碼洋／码洋 (mǎyáng)
* 碼目／码目
* 碼錢／码钱
* 碼頭／码头
* 符碼／符码
* 籌碼／筹码 (chóumǎ)
* 索書號碼／索书号码
* 編碼／编码 (biānmǎ)
* 腳碼子／脚码子
* 腿碼／腿码
* 草碼／草码 (cǎomǎ)
* 蘇州碼子／苏州码子 (Sūzhōu mǎzi)
* 號碼／号码 (hàomǎ)
* 號碼機／号码机
* 號碼盤／号码盘
* 解碼／解码 (jiěmǎ)
* 解碼器／解码器 (jiěmǎqì)
* 貨碼／货码
* 走碼頭／走码头
* 起碼／起码 (qǐmǎ)
* 跑碼頭／跑码头 (pǎomǎtou)
* 逼碼／逼码
* 鉛碼／铅码
* 錢碼子／钱码子
* 開碼頭／开码头
* 零碼／零码 (língmǎ)
* 電碼／电码 (diànmǎ)
* 電話國碼／电话国码
* 電話號碼／电话号码 (diànhuà hàomǎ)
* 頁碼／页码 (yèmǎ)
* 類碼／类码
* 麥碼子／麦码子
* 麵碼兒／面码儿

### References

* “碼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: め (me)
* Kan-on: ば (ba)
* Kan’yō-on: ま (ma)
* Kun: ヤード (yādo, 碼)、ヤール (yāru, 碼)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ma̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [마]

### Hanja

Wikisource 碼 • (ma) (hangeul 마)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

碼: Hán Nôm readings: mã
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.