# 失言
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shīyán
    (Zhuyin): ㄕ ㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sat$^1$ jin$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sit-giân / sit-gân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shīyán
*** Zhuyin: ㄕ ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shihyán
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^1$-yen$^2$
*** Yale: shr̄-yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyyan
*** Palladius: шиянь (šijanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sat$^1$ jin$^4$
*** Yale: sāt yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sat$^7$ jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sed$^1$ yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐt̚⁵ jiːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-giân
*** Tâi-lô: sit-giân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sitgieen
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiɛn²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-gân
*** Tâi-lô: sit-gân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sitgaan
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚³²⁻⁵ ɡan¹³/

### Verb

失言
* to utter what should not be said; to make an improper remark; to put one's foot in one's mouth; to make a slip of the tongue
    From: 648 CE, Fang Xuanling (lead editor), Book of Jin
    Yǒusī yán yǒu zǐ shā mǔ zhě, Jí yuē: “Xī! Shā fù nǎi kě, zhì shā mǔ hū!” Zuò zhě guài qí shīyán. Dì yuē: “Shā fù, tiānxià zhī jí è, ér yǐwéi kě hū?” Jí yuē: “Qínshòu zhī mǔ ér bùzhī fù, shā fù, qínshòu zhī lèi yě. Shā mǔ qínshòu zhī bùruò.” Zhòng nǎi yuèfú. [Pinyin]
    Once an official reported about a man who had killed his mother. Ruan Ji exclaimed, “Ah! Killing one’s father might be tolerable, but killing one’s mother is unthinkable!” Everyone present was shocked by his words. The emperor questioned him: “To kill one's father is the greatest sin in the world. How could you say that it is tolerable?” Ruan Ji replied: “Animals instinctively recognize their mother but remain ignorant of their father. Therefore, killing one’s father reduces a person to an animal, but killing one’s mother makes them worse than a beast.” Everyone else in the hall was gaily convinced by his reasoning.

#### Synonyms

* 失口 (shīkǒu)
* 失語 / 失语 (shīyǔ) (literary)
* 漏喙 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 漏嘴 (lòuzuǐ)
* 漏話 / 漏话 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 甪喙 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 脫喙 / 脱喙 (Hokkien)
* 落口 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 落喙 (Hokkien)
* 落話 / 落话 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 說漏嘴 / 说漏嘴 (shuō lòuzuǐ)
* 走嘴 (zǒuzuǐ)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 失 | 言 |
| しつ Grade: 4 | げん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕit͡sɨɡẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

失(しつ)言(げん) • (shitsugen)
* slip of the tongue, gaffe

### Verb

失(しつ)言(げん)する • (shitsugen suru) intransitive suru (stem 失(しつ)言(げん)し (shitsugen shi), past 失(しつ)言(げん)した (shitsugen shita))
* say something inappropriate

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 失言し | しつげんし | shitsugen shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 失言し | しつげんし | shitsugen shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 失言する | しつげんする | shitsugen suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 失言する | しつげんする | shitsugen suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 失言すれ | しつげんすれ | shitsugen sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 失言せよ¹ 失言しろ² | しつげんせよ¹ しつげんしろ² | shitsugen seyo¹ shitsugen shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 失言される | しつげんされる | shitsugen sareru |
| Causative | 失言させる 失言さす | しつげんさせる しつげんさす | shitsugen saseru shitsugen sasu |
| Potential | 失言できる | しつげんできる | shitsugen dekiru |
| Volitional | 失言しよう | しつげんしよう | shitsugen shiyō |
| Negative | 失言しない | しつげんしない | shitsugen shinai |
| Negative continuative | 失言せず | しつげんせず | shitsugen sezu |
| Formal | 失言します | しつげんします | shitsugen shimasu |
| Perfective | 失言した | しつげんした | shitsugen shita |
| Conjunctive | 失言して | しつげんして | shitsugen shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 失言すれば | しつげんすれば | shitsugen sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||