# 斲

| 斲 | U+65B2, &#26034; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65B2 |
| ← 斱 [U+65B1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 斳 → [U+65B3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

斲 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 口一竹一中 (RMHML), four-corner 7212$_1$, composition ⿰𠁁斤)

#### Derived characters

* 𤂊, 𨮕, 𧞐, 鬭, 𨷖, 𧞗

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 480, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13585
* Dae Jaweon: page 841, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2027, character 10
* Unihan data for U+65B2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 斲 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |

### Etymology

Perhaps related to 觸 (OC *tʰjoɡ, “to butt, knock against”); see there for more (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhuó (zhuo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): doek$^3$ / doek$^{3-1}$ / zoek$^3$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): zog$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dog$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuó
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuó
*** Wade–Giles: cho$^2$
*** Yale: jwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo
*** Palladius: чжо (čžo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: doek$^3$ / doek$^{3-1}$ / zoek$^3$
*** Yale: deuk / dēuk / jeuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: doek$^8$ / doek$^{8-7}$ / dzoek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dêg$^3$ / dêg$^{3-1}$ / zêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tœːk̚³/, /tœːk̚³⁻⁵/, /t͡sœːk̚³/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɔk̚¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tok
*** Tâi-lô: tok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /tɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tok
*** Sinological IPA : /tok̚²/
* Middle Chinese: traewk
Rime :
| Character | 斲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 覺 (10) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 竹角切 |
| Baxter | traewk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠʌk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚɔk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶɔk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈaɨwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶɔk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶɔk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶɔk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhuo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.tˤrok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rtoːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 斲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhuó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ træwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.tˁrok/ |
| English | chop, cleave |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 斲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17819 |
| Phonetic component | 斲 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 斲 |
| Old Chinese | /*rtoːɡ/ |

### Definitions

斲
* (literary or Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min) to chop; to hack
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Gōngshī dé dà mù, zé wáng xǐ, yǐwéi néng shēng qí rèn yě. Jiàngrén zhuó ér xiǎo zhī, zé wáng nù, yǐwéi bù shēng qí rèn yǐ. [Pinyin]
    [A]nd when he has found such large trees, you will be glad, thinking that they will answer for the intended object. Should the workmen hew them so as to make them too small, then your Majesty will be angry, thinking that they will not answer for the purpose.
** 1883, Adele Marion Fielde, “剁”, in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, Arranged According to Syllables and Tones, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 557:
       i$^1$ keg$^4$ zêng$^3$ nang$^5$ dog$^4$ zo$^3$ nêg$^4$ ziên$^3$ [Peng'im]
       he was hacked into mince-meat by the populace
* (obsolete or Mainland China Hokkien) to carve; to engrave
* (obsolete) axe

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 砍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 砍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 砍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 砍, 斬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 砍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 砍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 砍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 砍, 剁 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 砍 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 砍, 㓠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 砍 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 并 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 斬 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 斬 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 砍, 剁 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 斬, 砍 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 砍 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 砍, 斫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 剉, 鍘 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鏨, 砍, 斲, 刜 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鏨, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鏨, 斲, 刜 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 鏨, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 鏨, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 斲, 斬 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鏨 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 斬, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 斬 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 斬, 斲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 斲 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 斬 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 㔍 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 剉, 剁 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 砍, 剁 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 剁, 砍 |

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): たく (taku)
* Kun: きる (kiru, 斲る)

## Korean
### Hanja

斲 • (chak) (hangeul 착, revised chak, McCune–Reischauer ch'ak, Yale chak)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

斲: Hán Nôm readings: trác
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.