# Hui-ning
## English
### Etymology

From Mandarin 會寧 (Huìníng), Wade–Giles romanization: Hui⁴-ning².

### Proper noun

Hui-ning
* Alternative form of Huining (Hoeryong, North Korea)
** 1882, G. W. Keeton, “Regulations for Maritime and Overland Trade between Chinese and Korean Subjects, 1882”, in The Development of Extraterritoriality in China‎, volume II, Longmans, Green & Co., published 1928, →OCLC, page 341:Article V.—In consideration of the numerous difficulties arising from the authority exercised by local officials over the legal traffic at such places on the boundary as I-chou, Hui-ning, and Ch’ing-yuan, it has now been decided that the people on the frontier shall be free to go to and fro and trade as they please at Ts’e-men and I-chou on the two sides of the Ya-lu River, and at Hun-ch’un and Hui-ning on the two sides of the T’u-men River.
** [1938, Stanley F. Wright, “From the Revision that Failed to the Peking Tariff Conference of 1925-1926”, in China's Struggle for Tariff Autonomy: 1843-1938‎, Paragon Book Gallery, →OCLC, page 406:The influx into the Chientao (間島) of Corean farmers, hunters, and trappers had long been a burning question before the Governments of China and Japan finally agreed by the Chientao Convention of 1909 or China-Corean Frontier Agreement to recognize the Tumen river as the boundary between Corea and China, and to open Lungchingtsun (龍井村) along with three other places to foreign residence and trade. A Chinese Custom House was accordingly opened here on 1st January 1910, but was made subordinate to the Hunchun (琿春) Customs.² It remained in this subordinate position till July 1924 when the head office was transferred to Lungchingtsun,³ while Hunchun—at which in accordance with the Manchurian Convention of 1905 a Custom House had been opened on 27th December 1909—fell into the position of a branch office. The reason for this deposition of Hunchun was the advent in 1923 of the T’ien T’u (天圖) light railway which running through Lungchingtsun to Yen Chi Fu (延吉府) connected both places with the frontier district of Kaishantun, and thence through Kainei (Hui Ning 會甯) to the Corean port of Seishin.]
** 1968, Hae-jong Chun, “Sino-Korean Tributary Relations in the Ch’ing Period”, in John King Fairbank, editor, The Chinese World Order: Traditional China's Foreign Relations‎, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 108:Furthermore, border trade between the two countries was conducted at Chunggang (Chung-chiang), a small island in the estuary of the Yalu, Hoeryŏng (Hui-ning), and Kyŏng’wŏn (Ch’ing-yüan). The last two places are in the lower Tumen valley.
** 1970, Robert H. G. Lee, “The Geographic and Cultural Foundation of the Chʼing Manchurian Frontier Policy”, in The Manchurian frontier in Chʼing history‎, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 10–11:Every year on the tenth lunar month, a trade expedition was sent to Hoi Ryong (Hui-ning in Chinese), a Korean border town, located on the bank of the Tumen River, southeast of Ninguta, where salt, rice, iron, cloth, paper, cattle, and horses were obtained.
** 1998, Donald N. Clark, “Sino-Korean tributary relations under the Ming”, in Denis Twitchett, Frederick W. Mote, editors, The Cambridge History of China‎, volume 8, number 2, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 286:Menggetimur (d. 1433),¹⁸ chief of the Odoli subtribe of the Chien-chou Jurchen, had in fact moved into Korea south of the Tumen River. Because he offered tribute to the Choson court and had encamped at Hoeryŏng (Chinese: Hui-ning), the Koreans regarded him as their vassal.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Hui-ning.