# 緬甸
## Chinese

* 緬甸 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 緬甸 (Cantonese)
* 緬甸 (Classical)
* 緬甸 (Gan)
* Mién-thien (Hakka)
* Miēng-diêng (Eastern Min)
* Bián-tiān (Southern Min)
* 緬甸 (Wu)

### Etymology

A traditional view on the meaning of 緬／缅 (miǎn) is "far, remote" in Chinese, but a more convincing suggestion is that the syllable 緬／缅 (miǎn) is contracted from Burmese မြန်မာ (mranma, “Myanmar”). The last syllable 甸 (diàn) is possibly from Burmese တိုင်း (tuing:, “country, province”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Miǎndiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): min$^5$ din$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): men$^2$ en$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Mién-thien
    (Meixian, Guangdong): miên$^3$ tiên$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Miēng-diêng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Bián-tiān / Bián-tián
    (Teochew, Peng'im): miêng$^2$ diêng$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$mi-di
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Miǎndiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Miǎndiàn
*** Wade–Giles: Mien$^3$-tien$^4$
*** Yale: Myǎn-dyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Meandiann
*** Palladius: Мяньдянь (Mjanʹdjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: min$^5$ din$^6$
*** Yale: míhn dihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: min$^5$ din$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: min$^5$ din$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːn¹³ tiːn²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: men$^2$ en$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐben⁵⁵ en³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Mién-thien
*** Hakka Romanization System: mien$^ˋ$ tien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mian$^3$ tian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi̯en³¹ tʰi̯en⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: miên$^3$ tiên$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /miɛn³¹ tʰiɛn⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Miēng-diêng
*** Sinological IPA : /mieŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(t-)}$niɛŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bián-tiān
*** Tâi-lô: Bián-tiān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biefndien
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn²²/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bián-tián
*** Tâi-lô: Bián-tián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biefndiern
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: miêng$^2$ diêng$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miéng tiĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /mieŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ tieŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$mi-di
*** MiniDict: mi$^去$ di
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$mi-di
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mi²² di⁴⁴/

### Proper noun

緬甸
* Myanmar (a country in Southeast Asia)
    緬甸盛產翡翠。／缅甸盛产翡翠。 ― Miǎndiàn shèngchǎn fěicuì. ― Jadeite is abundant in Myanmar.

#### Derived terms

* 上緬甸／上缅甸 (Shàng Miǎndiàn)
* 下緬甸／下缅甸 (Xià Miǎndiàn)
* 緬甸人／缅甸人 (Miǎndiànrén)
* 緬甸聯邦／缅甸联邦
* 緬甸語／缅甸语 (miǎndiànyǔ)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 緬甸(めんでん) (Menden)
* → Korean: 면전(緬甸) (Myeonjeon)
* → Vietnamese: Miến Điện (緬甸)
Others:
* → Manchu: ᠮᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡩᡳᠶᠠᠨ (miyan diyan)
* → Zhuang: Menjden

### References

* ↑ Takao Itō: On Mien-tien (緬甸), One of the Chinese Appellations for Burma, 南方史研究, 1960, 2 号, p. 179-193, DOI: 10.11530/sea1959.1960.179

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 緬 | 甸 |
| めん Hyōgai | でん Hyōgai |
| goon ||

### Etymology 1

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 緬甸／缅甸 (Miǎndiàn), some time after this term came to prominence in Chinese during the Ming Dynasty. Compare modern Mandarin reading Miǎndiàn, Cantonese min$^5$ din$^6$.
First mentioned in a text from 1798.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mẽ̞ndẽ̞ɴ]

#### Proper noun

緬(めん)甸(でん) • (Menden)
* (historical, possibly obsolete) Myanmar (a country in Southeast Asia)

##### Synonyms

* ミャンマー (Myanmā)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 緬 | 甸 |
| びるま ||
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun ||
Ultimately from Burmese ဗမာ (ba.ma). The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), from the borrowed Chinese term Menden above.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ビルマ [bíꜜrùmà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [bʲiɾɯ̟ma̠]

#### Proper noun

緬甸(ビルマ) • (Biruma)
* Dated spelling of ビルマ (Biruma).: Burma (a country in Southeast Asia)

##### Synonyms

* ミャンマー (Myanmā)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Proper noun

緬甸 • (Myeonjeon) (hangeul 면전)
* hanja form of 면전 (“Myanmar”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 緬 | 甸 |

### Proper noun

緬甸
* chữ Hán form of Miến Điện (“Myanmar”).