# կեռնեխ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian կեռնեխ (keṙnex).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kerˈneχ/, [kernéχ]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɡerˈneχ/, [ɡernéχ]

### Noun

կեռնեխ • (keṙnex) (literary)
* thrush, Turdus (gen. et spp.)
    Synonym: տորդիկ (tordik)

#### Declension

i-type, animate (Eastern Armenian) :
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | կեռնեխ (keṙnex) | կեռնեխներ (keṙnexner) |
| dative | կեռնեխի (keṙnexi) | կեռնեխների (keṙnexneri) |
| ablative | կեռնեխից (keṙnexicʻ) | կեռնեխներից (keṙnexnericʻ) |
| instrumental | կեռնեխով (keṙnexov) | կեռնեխներով (keṙnexnerov) |
| locative | — | — |
| | definite forms | definite forms |
| nominative | կեռնեխը/կեռնեխն (keṙnexə/keṙnexn) | կեռնեխները/կեռնեխներն (keṙnexnerə/keṙnexnern) |
| dative | կեռնեխին (keṙnexin) | կեռնեխներին (keṙnexnerin) |
| | 1st person possessive forms (my) | 1st person possessive forms (my) |
| nominative | կեռնեխս (keṙnexs) | կեռնեխներս (keṙnexners) |
| dative | կեռնեխիս (keṙnexis) | կեռնեխներիս (keṙnexneris) |
| ablative | կեռնեխիցս (keṙnexicʻs) | կեռնեխներիցս (keṙnexnericʻs) |
| instrumental | կեռնեխովս (keṙnexovs) | կեռնեխներովս (keṙnexnerovs) |
| locative | — | — |
| | 2nd person possessive forms (your) | 2nd person possessive forms (your) |
| nominative | կեռնեխդ (keṙnexd) | կեռնեխներդ (keṙnexnerd) |
| dative | կեռնեխիդ (keṙnexid) | կեռնեխներիդ (keṙnexnerid) |
| ablative | կեռնեխիցդ (keṙnexicʻd) | կեռնեխներիցդ (keṙnexnericʻd) |
| instrumental | կեռնեխովդ (keṙnexovd) | կեռնեխներովդ (keṙnexnerovd) |
| locative | — | — |

### Further reading

* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben (2001) “կեռնեխ”, in Kendanineri anunneri hayeren-ṙuseren-latineren kargabanakan baṙaran. Girkʻ B. Tʻṙčʻunner [An Armenian–Russian–Latin Taxonomic Dictionary of Animal Names. Book II. Birds] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: Macmillan Armenia, →ISBN, § 561, page 42

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

The origin is unknown.

### Noun

կեռնեխ • (keṙnex)
* a kind of perching bird: the blackbird or the starling
** 6th century, Philo of Alexandria, Yałags ban unel ew anasun kendaneacʻd, aṙ Liwsimakʻos [De Animalibus] :Քանզի կեռնեխք եւ տատրակք եւ ծիծառնուկք ոչ միայն երգել բնաւորեալ են, այլ եւ յօդաւոր ձայնիւ երգեն, մինչ զի եւ ասել եւ գրել կարել զնուագացն բառս։Kʻanzi keṙnexkʻ ew tatrakkʻ ew cicaṙnukkʻ očʻ miayn ergel bnaworeal en, ayl ew yōdawor jayniw ergen, minčʻ zi ew asel ew grel karel znuagacʻn baṙs.Translation by Abraham TerianBlackbirds, turtledoves, and swallows not only twitter but also sing in rhythmic tunes, making it possible to express and to write words for the tunes.
** 6th century, Philo of Alexandria, Yałags ban unel ew anasun kendaneacʻd, aṙ Liwsimakʻos [De Animalibus] :Քանզի կեռնեխք՝ եւ ագռաւք եւ պապկայք, եւ որ միանգամ հոմանմանք, զի թէպէտ եւ զանազանագոյն բարբառեսցին, յօդաւոր ո՛չ երբէք եւ ո՛չ իւիք ձայն կարասցեն հանել։Kʻanzi keṙnexkʻ, ew agṙawkʻ ew papkaykʻ, ew or miangam homanmankʻ, zi tʻēpēt ew zanazanagoyn barbaṙescʻin, yōdawor óčʻ erbēkʻ ew óčʻ iwikʻ jayn karascʻen hanel.Translation by Abraham TerianAlthough blackbirds, crows, parrots, and all the like can produce different kinds of utterances, they cannot produce an articulated voice in any manner whatever.

#### Usage notes

Attested only in Philo, translating Ancient Greek κόσσυφος (kóssuphos, “blackbird, Turdus merula”). In the margin glossed with սարիկ (sarik, “starling, Sturnus vulgaris”). Not found in modern dialects. Both Turdus merula and Sturnus vulgaris are common in Armenia.

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: կեռնեխ (keṙnex) (learned)

### References

* ↑ Awgereancʻ, Mkrtičʻ (1822) Pʻiloni Ebrayecʻwoy bankʻ erekʻ čʻew i loys əncayealkʻ. A. B. Yałags naxaxnamutʻean. G. Yałags kendaneacʻ [Philonis Judaei sermones tres hactenus inediti. I et II De Providentia, et III De Animalibus], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, pages 128–129
* ↑ Terian, Abraham (1981) Philonis Alexandrini de Animalibus: The Armenian Text with an Introduction, Translation and Commentary (Studies in Hellenistic Judaism; 1)‎, Chico, California: Scholars Press, page 72
* ↑ Awgereancʻ, Mkrtičʻ (1822) Pʻiloni Ebrayecʻwoy bankʻ erekʻ čʻew i loys əncayealkʻ. A. B. Yałags naxaxnamutʻean. G. Yałags kendaneacʻ [Philonis Judaei sermones tres hactenus inediti. I et II De Providentia, et III De Animalibus], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 171
* ↑ Terian, Abraham (1981) Philonis Alexandrini de Animalibus: The Armenian Text with an Introduction, Translation and Commentary (Studies in Hellenistic Judaism; 1)‎, Chico, California: Scholars Press, page 108
* ↑ Dalʹ, S. K. (1954) Životnyj mir Armjanskoj SSR. Tom I. Pozvonočnyje životnyje [The Fauna of Armenian SSR. Volume I. Vertebrate animals] (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 236, 269–270

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կեռնեխ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 574–575, rejecting Petersson's etymology and leaving the origin open
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “կեռնեխ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Greppin, John A. C. (1978) Classical and Middle Armenian bird names: A linguistic, taxonomic, and mythological study, Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, page 213
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “կեռնեխ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 400b, accepting Petersson's etymology with hesitation
* Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (2000) “սարեկ”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʻ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʻeancʻ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʻ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries]‎, edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, page 677, recording կեռնեղք (keṙnełkʻ)
* Petersson, Herbert (1920) Arische und armenische Studien (Lunds Universitets Årsskrift N.F. Avd. 1, Bd. 16. Nr. 3) (in German), Lund, Leipzig, page 102, deriving from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- and considering -եխ (-ex) a suffix seen also in գոռեխ (goṙex), մեղեխ (mełex)
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “կեռնեխ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy