# qoba
## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǃoːɓa/

### Verb

-qoba
* (transitive) to chop, to cut up, to mince
* (transitive) to be bore, to be weary, to tire out

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuqoba |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqoba | ukungaqobi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qoba | -qobe |
| Plural | qobani | -qobeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqoba, ngiqoba | engiqobayo, engiqoba | ngiqoba | angiqobi | engingaqobi | ngingaqobi |
| 2nd singular | uyaqoba, uqoba | oqobayo, oqoba | uqoba | awuqobi | ongaqobi | ungaqobi |
| 1st plural | siyaqoba, siqoba | esiqobayo, esiqoba | siqoba | asiqobi | esingaqobi | singaqobi |
| 2nd plural | niyaqoba, niqoba | eniqobayo, eniqoba | niqoba | aniqobi | eningaqobi | ningaqobi |
| Class 1 | uyaqoba, uqoba | oqobayo, oqoba | eqoba | akaqobi | ongaqobi | engaqobi |
| Class 2 | bayaqoba, baqoba | abaqobayo, abaqoba | beqoba | abaqobi | abangaqobi | bengaqobi |
| Class 3 | uyaqoba, uqoba | oqobayo, oqoba | uqoba | awuqobi | ongaqobi | ungaqobi |
| Class 4 | iyaqoba, iqoba | eqobayo, eqoba | iqoba | ayiqobi | engaqobi | ingaqobi |
| Class 5 | liyaqoba, liqoba | eliqobayo, eliqoba | liqoba | aliqobi | elingaqobi | lingaqobi |
| Class 6 | ayaqoba, aqoba | aqobayo, aqoba | eqoba | awaqobi | angaqobi | engaqobi |
| Class 7 | siyaqoba, siqoba | esiqobayo, esiqoba | siqoba | asiqobi | esingaqobi | singaqobi |
| Class 8 | ziyaqoba, ziqoba | eziqobayo, eziqoba | ziqoba | aziqobi | ezingaqobi | zingaqobi |
| Class 9 | iyaqoba, iqoba | eqobayo, eqoba | iqoba | ayiqobi | engaqobi | ingaqobi |
| Class 10 | ziyaqoba, ziqoba | eziqobayo, eziqoba | ziqoba | aziqobi | ezingaqobi | zingaqobi |
| Class 11 | luyaqoba, luqoba | oluqobayo, oluqoba | luqoba | aluqobi | olungaqobi | lungaqobi |
| Class 14 | buyaqoba, buqoba | obuqobayo, obuqoba | buqoba | abuqobi | obungaqobi | bungaqobi |
| Class 15 | kuyaqoba, kuqoba | okuqobayo, okuqoba | kuqoba | akuqobi | okungaqobi | kungaqobi |
| Class 17 | kuyaqoba, kuqoba | okuqobayo, okuqoba | kuqoba | akuqobi | okungaqobi | kungaqobi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqobile, ngiqobē | engiqobile, engiqobē | ngiqobile, ngiqobē | angiqobanga | engingaqobanga | ngingaqobanga |
| 2nd singular | uqobile, uqobē | oqobile, oqobē | uqobile, uqobē | awuqobanga | ongaqobanga | ungaqobanga |
| 1st plural | siqobile, siqobē | esiqobile, esiqobē | siqobile, siqobē | asiqobanga | esingaqobanga | singaqobanga |
| 2nd plural | niqobile, niqobē | eniqobile, eniqobē | niqobile, niqobē | aniqobanga | eningaqobanga | ningaqobanga |
| Class 1 | uqobile, uqobē | oqobile, oqobē | eqobile, eqobē | akaqobanga | ongaqobanga | engaqobanga |
| Class 2 | baqobile, baqobē | abaqobile, abaqobē | beqobile, beqobē | abaqobanga | abangaqobanga | bengaqobanga |
| Class 3 | uqobile, uqobē | oqobile, oqobē | uqobile, uqobē | awuqobanga | ongaqobanga | ungaqobanga |
| Class 4 | iqobile, iqobē | eqobile, eqobē | iqobile, iqobē | ayiqobanga | engaqobanga | ingaqobanga |
| Class 5 | liqobile, liqobē | eliqobile, eliqobē | liqobile, liqobē | aliqobanga | elingaqobanga | lingaqobanga |
| Class 6 | aqobile, aqobē | aqobile, aqobē | eqobile, eqobē | awaqobanga | angaqobanga | engaqobanga |
| Class 7 | siqobile, siqobē | esiqobile, esiqobē | siqobile, siqobē | asiqobanga | esingaqobanga | singaqobanga |
| Class 8 | ziqobile, ziqobē | eziqobile, eziqobē | ziqobile, ziqobē | aziqobanga | ezingaqobanga | zingaqobanga |
| Class 9 | iqobile, iqobē | eqobile, eqobē | iqobile, iqobē | ayiqobanga | engaqobanga | ingaqobanga |
| Class 10 | ziqobile, ziqobē | eziqobile, eziqobē | ziqobile, ziqobē | aziqobanga | ezingaqobanga | zingaqobanga |
| Class 11 | luqobile, luqobē | oluqobile, oluqobē | luqobile, luqobē | aluqobanga | olungaqobanga | lungaqobanga |
| Class 14 | buqobile, buqobē | obuqobile, obuqobē | buqobile, buqobē | abuqobanga | obungaqobanga | bungaqobanga |
| Class 15 | kuqobile, kuqobē | okuqobile, okuqobē | kuqobile, kuqobē | akuqobanga | okungaqobanga | kungaqobanga |
| Class 17 | kuqobile, kuqobē | okuqobile, okuqobē | kuqobile, kuqobē | akuqobanga | okungaqobanga | kungaqobanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqoba | engāqoba | ngāqoba | angiqobanga | engingaqobanga | ngingaqobanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqoba | owāqoba | wāqoba | awuqobanga | ongaqobanga | ungaqobanga |
| 1st plural | sāqoba | esāqoba | sāqoba | asiqobanga | esingaqobanga | singaqobanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqoba | enāqoba | nāqoba | aniqobanga | eningaqobanga | ningaqobanga |
| Class 1 | wāqoba | owāqoba | āqoba | akaqobanga | ongaqobanga | engaqobanga |
| Class 2 | bāqoba | abāqoba | bāqoba | abaqobanga | abangaqobanga | bengaqobanga |
| Class 3 | wāqoba | owāqoba | wāqoba | awuqobanga | ongaqobanga | ungaqobanga |
| Class 4 | yāqoba | eyāqoba | yāqoba | ayiqobanga | engaqobanga | ingaqobanga |
| Class 5 | lāqoba | elāqoba | lāqoba | aliqobanga | elingaqobanga | lingaqobanga |
| Class 6 | āqoba | āqoba | āqoba | awaqobanga | angaqobanga | engaqobanga |
| Class 7 | sāqoba | esāqoba | sāqoba | asiqobanga | esingaqobanga | singaqobanga |
| Class 8 | zāqoba | ezāqoba | zāqoba | aziqobanga | ezingaqobanga | zingaqobanga |
| Class 9 | yāqoba | eyāqoba | yāqoba | ayiqobanga | engaqobanga | ingaqobanga |
| Class 10 | zāqoba | ezāqoba | zāqoba | aziqobanga | ezingaqobanga | zingaqobanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqoba | olwāqoba | lwāqoba | aluqobanga | olungaqobanga | lungaqobanga |
| Class 14 | bāqoba | obāqoba | bāqoba | abuqobanga | obungaqobanga | bungaqobanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqoba | okwāqoba | kwāqoba | akuqobanga | okungaqobanga | kungaqobanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqoba | okwāqoba | kwāqoba | akuqobanga | okungaqobanga | kungaqobanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqoba | — | ngingaqoba | ngingeqobe | — | ngingeqobe |
| 2nd singular | ungaqoba | — | ungaqoba | ungeqobe | — | ungeqobe |
| 1st plural | singaqoba | — | singaqoba | singeqobe | — | singeqobe |
| 2nd plural | ningaqoba | — | ningaqoba | ningeqobe | — | ningeqobe |
| Class 1 | angaqoba | — | engaqoba | angeqobe | — | engeqobe |
| Class 2 | bangaqoba | — | bengaqoba | bangeqobe | — | bengeqobe |
| Class 3 | ungaqoba | — | ungaqoba | ungeqobe | — | ungeqobe |
| Class 4 | ingaqoba | — | ingaqoba | ingeqobe | — | ingeqobe |
| Class 5 | lingaqoba | — | lingaqoba | lingeqobe | — | lingeqobe |
| Class 6 | angaqoba | — | engaqoba | angeqobe | — | engeqobe |
| Class 7 | singaqoba | — | singaqoba | singeqobe | — | singeqobe |
| Class 8 | zingaqoba | — | zingaqoba | zingeqobe | — | zingeqobe |
| Class 9 | ingaqoba | — | ingaqoba | ingeqobe | — | ingeqobe |
| Class 10 | zingaqoba | — | zingaqoba | zingeqobe | — | zingeqobe |
| Class 11 | lungaqoba | — | lungaqoba | lungeqobe | — | lungeqobe |
| Class 14 | bungaqoba | — | bungaqoba | bungeqobe | — | bungeqobe |
| Class 15 | kungaqoba | — | kungaqoba | kungeqobe | — | kungeqobe |
| Class 17 | kungaqoba | — | kungaqoba | kungeqobe | — | kungeqobe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqoba | engizoqoba | ngizoqoba | angizuqoba | engingezuqoba | ngingezuqoba |
| 2nd singular | uzoqoba | ozoqoba | uzoqoba | awuzuqoba | ongezuqoba | ungezuqoba |
| 1st plural | sizoqoba | esizoqoba | sizoqoba | asizuqoba | esingezuqoba | singezuqoba |
| 2nd plural | nizoqoba | enizoqoba | nizoqoba | anizuqoba | eningezuqoba | ningezuqoba |
| Class 1 | uzoqoba | ozoqoba | ezoqoba | akazuqoba | ongezuqoba | engezuqoba |
| Class 2 | bazoqoba | abazoqoba | bezoqoba | abazuqoba | abangezuqoba | bengezuqoba |
| Class 3 | uzoqoba | ozoqoba | uzoqoba | awuzuqoba | ongezuqoba | ungezuqoba |
| Class 4 | izoqoba | ezoqoba | izoqoba | ayizuqoba | engezuqoba | ingezuqoba |
| Class 5 | lizoqoba | elizoqoba | lizoqoba | alizuqoba | elingezuqoba | lingezuqoba |
| Class 6 | azoqoba | azoqoba | ezoqoba | awazuqoba | angezuqoba | engezuqoba |
| Class 7 | sizoqoba | esizoqoba | sizoqoba | asizuqoba | esingezuqoba | singezuqoba |
| Class 8 | zizoqoba | ezizoqoba | zizoqoba | azizuqoba | ezingezuqoba | zingezuqoba |
| Class 9 | izoqoba | ezoqoba | izoqoba | ayizuqoba | engezuqoba | ingezuqoba |
| Class 10 | zizoqoba | ezizoqoba | zizoqoba | azizuqoba | ezingezuqoba | zingezuqoba |
| Class 11 | luzoqoba | oluzoqoba | luzoqoba | aluzuqoba | olungezuqoba | lungezuqoba |
| Class 14 | buzoqoba | obuzoqoba | buzoqoba | abuzuqoba | obungezuqoba | bungezuqoba |
| Class 15 | kuzoqoba | okuzoqoba | kuzoqoba | akuzuqoba | okungezuqoba | kungezuqoba |
| Class 17 | kuzoqoba | okuzoqoba | kuzoqoba | akuzuqoba | okungezuqoba | kungezuqoba |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqoba | engiyoqoba | ngiyoqoba | angiyuqoba | engingeyuqoba | ngingeyuqoba |
| 2nd singular | uyoqoba | oyoqoba | uyoqoba | awuyuqoba | ongeyuqoba | ungeyuqoba |
| 1st plural | siyoqoba | esiyoqoba | siyoqoba | asiyuqoba | esingeyuqoba | singeyuqoba |
| 2nd plural | niyoqoba | eniyoqoba | niyoqoba | aniyuqoba | eningeyuqoba | ningeyuqoba |
| Class 1 | uyoqoba | oyoqoba | eyoqoba | akayuqoba | ongeyuqoba | engeyuqoba |
| Class 2 | bayoqoba | abayoqoba | beyoqoba | abayuqoba | abangeyuqoba | bengeyuqoba |
| Class 3 | uyoqoba | oyoqoba | uyoqoba | awuyuqoba | ongeyuqoba | ungeyuqoba |
| Class 4 | iyoqoba | eyoqoba | iyoqoba | ayiyuqoba | engeyuqoba | ingeyuqoba |
| Class 5 | liyoqoba | eliyoqoba | liyoqoba | aliyuqoba | elingeyuqoba | lingeyuqoba |
| Class 6 | ayoqoba | ayoqoba | eyoqoba | awayuqoba | angeyuqoba | engeyuqoba |
| Class 7 | siyoqoba | esiyoqoba | siyoqoba | asiyuqoba | esingeyuqoba | singeyuqoba |
| Class 8 | ziyoqoba | eziyoqoba | ziyoqoba | aziyuqoba | ezingeyuqoba | zingeyuqoba |
| Class 9 | iyoqoba | eyoqoba | iyoqoba | ayiyuqoba | engeyuqoba | ingeyuqoba |
| Class 10 | ziyoqoba | eziyoqoba | ziyoqoba | aziyuqoba | ezingeyuqoba | zingeyuqoba |
| Class 11 | luyoqoba | oluyoqoba | luyoqoba | aluyuqoba | olungeyuqoba | lungeyuqoba |
| Class 14 | buyoqoba | obuyoqoba | buyoqoba | abuyuqoba | obungeyuqoba | bungeyuqoba |
| Class 15 | kuyoqoba | okuyoqoba | kuyoqoba | akuyuqoba | okungeyuqoba | kungeyuqoba |
| Class 17 | kuyoqoba | okuyoqoba | kuyoqoba | akuyuqoba | okungeyuqoba | kungeyuqoba |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqobe | ngingaqobi |
| 2nd singular | uqobe | ungaqobi |
| 1st plural | siqobe | singaqobi |
| 2nd plural | niqobe | ningaqobi |
| Class 1 | aqobe | angaqobi |
| Class 2 | baqobe | bangaqobi |
| Class 3 | uqobe | ungaqobi |
| Class 4 | iqobe | ingaqobi |
| Class 5 | liqobe | lingaqobi |
| Class 6 | aqobe | angaqobi |
| Class 7 | siqobe | singaqobi |
| Class 8 | ziqobe | zingaqobi |
| Class 9 | iqobe | ingaqobi |
| Class 10 | ziqobe | zingaqobi |
| Class 11 | luqobe | lungaqobi |
| Class 14 | buqobe | bungaqobi |
| Class 15 | kuqobe | kungaqobi |
| Class 17 | kuqobe | kungaqobi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqoba | ngangaqoba, angaqoba, angangaqoba |
| 2nd singular | waqoba | wangaqoba, awaqoba, awangaqoba |
| 1st plural | saqoba | sangaqoba, asaqoba, asangaqoba |
| 2nd plural | naqoba | nangaqoba, anaqoba, anangaqoba |
| Class 1 | waqoba | wangaqoba, akaqoba, akangaqoba |
| Class 2 | baqoba | bangaqoba, abaqoba, abangaqoba |
| Class 3 | waqoba | wangaqoba, awaqoba, awangaqoba |
| Class 4 | yaqoba | yangaqoba, ayaqoba, ayangaqoba |
| Class 5 | laqoba | langaqoba, alaqoba, alangaqoba |
| Class 6 | aqoba | angaqoba, awaqoba, awangaqoba |
| Class 7 | saqoba | sangaqoba, asaqoba, asangaqoba |
| Class 8 | zaqoba | zangaqoba, azaqoba, azangaqoba |
| Class 9 | yaqoba | yangaqoba, ayaqoba, ayangaqoba |
| Class 10 | zaqoba | zangaqoba, azaqoba, azangaqoba |
| Class 11 | lwaqoba | lwangaqoba, alwaqoba, alwangaqoba |
| Class 14 | baqoba | bangaqoba, abaqoba, abangaqoba |
| Class 15 | kwaqoba | kwangaqoba, akwaqoba, akwangaqoba |
| Class 17 | kwaqoba | kwangaqoba, akwaqoba, akwangaqoba |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qoɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qoɓa (6.3)”