# 揇

| 揇 | U+63C7, &#25543; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-63C7 |
| ← 揆 [U+63C6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 揈 → [U+63C8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

揇 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 手十月十 (QJBJ), four-corner 5402$_7$, composition ⿰扌南)
* (Cantonese) to measure a distance with the extended thumb and forefinger or middle finger

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 441, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12327
* Dae Jaweon: page 792, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1913, character 1
* Unihan data for U+63C7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 南 | *nuːm |
| 楠 | *nuːm |
| 腩 | *nuːmʔ |
| 湳 | *nuːmʔ |
| 揇 | *nuːmʔ |
| 萳 | *nuːmʔ |
| 罱 | *ruːmʔ |
| 喃 | *rnuːm |
| 諵 | *rnuːm, *rnuːms |

### Etymology

Earliest known attestation is in Tangyun (dated [732 CE]) (according to Kangxi dictionary).
Schuessler (2007) suggests possible relation to Proto-Vietic *-namʔ (> Vietnamese nắm (“to grip, to grasp, to hold; > a handful, a fistful”)) and possible cognation to 深 (shēn) (see there for more).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nǎn (nan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): naam$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): nám
    (Meixian, Guangdong): nam$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nǎn
*** Wade–Giles: nan$^3$
*** Yale: nǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: naan
*** Palladius: нань (nanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /nän²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naam$^5$
*** Yale: náahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naam$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nam$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːm¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nám
*** Hakka Romanization System: nam$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /nam³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: nam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /nam³¹/
* Middle Chinese: nomX
Rime :
| Character | 揇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 奴感切 |
| Baxter | nomX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nʌm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nəm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɒm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nəm$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /nᴀm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /nɒm$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /năm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | naam$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*nuːmʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 揇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9359 |
| Phonetic component | 南 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 腩 |
| Old Chinese | /*nuːmʔ/ |

#### Definitions

揇
* (obsolete) to hold in one hand
* (Hakka) to hug; to embrace

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 擁, 摟 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 摟抱, 擁抱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 摟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 摟, 抱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 擁抱, 抱 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 摟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 摟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 抱, 摟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 箍, 摟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 摟, 抱 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 摟, 抱 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 攬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 攬 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 攬 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 攬 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 攬, 箍 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 揇 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 揇 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 揇 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 揇 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 揇 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 揇 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 攬 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 摟 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 抱 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 兜, 攬 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 攬 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 攬 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 攬 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 攬 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 攬 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 攬 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 攬 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 攬 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 攬 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 攬 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 搿 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 搿 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 搩 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 箍, 摟 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 傘, 箍 |

### Pronunciation 2

* Cantonese (Jyutping): naam$^3$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naam$^3$
*** Yale: naam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naam$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːm³³/

#### Definitions

揇
* (Cantonese) to measure a short distance by spreading one's fingers
* (Cantonese) handspan; distance from the tip of one's thumb to the tip of one's little finger on an outstretched hand

### References

* “揇”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 揇 in 康熙字典網上版 Kangxi Dictionary Type-set Online Version.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

揇: Hán Nôm readings: nêm, nắm, nen, nên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation