# beneficium
## English
### Etymology

From Latin beneficium.

### Noun

beneficium (plural beneficia)
* Synonym of benefice

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* benificium

### Etymology

From beneficus (“beneficent”) +‎ -ium.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /be.neˈfi.ki.um/, [bɛnɛˈfɪkiʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /be.neˈfi.t͡ʃi.um/, [beneˈfiːt͡ʃium]

### Noun

beneficium n (genitive beneficiī or beneficī); second declension
* benefit
* favour, favor, kindness, service
    Synonyms: favor, indulgentia, pietās, cōmitās, benignitās, benevolentia, venia

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | beneficium | beneficia |
| Genitive | beneficiī beneficī$^1$ | beneficiōrum |
| Dative | beneficiō | beneficiīs |
| Accusative | beneficium | beneficia |
| Ablative | beneficiō | beneficiīs |
| Vocative | beneficium | beneficia |
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Descendants

* → Breton: benveg
* → Catalan: benefici
* → English: beneficium
* → French: bénéfice
* → Galician: beneficio
* → Italian: beneficio
* → Occitan: benefici
* → Portuguese: benefício
* → Romanian: beneficiu
* → Spanish: beneficio
* → Swedish: beneficium
* → Welsh: benthyg

### References

* “beneficium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “beneficium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* beneficium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* beneficium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to do any one a service or kindness: beneficium alicui dare, tribuere to do any one a service or kindness: beneficio aliquem afficere, ornare to heap benefits upon..: beneficia in aliquem conferre to lay any one under an obligation by kind treatment: beneficiis aliquem obstringere, obligare, devincire to (richly) recompense a kindness or service: beneficium remunerari or reddere (cumulate) to return good for evil: pro maleficiis beneficia reddere prerogative, privilege: ius praecipuum, beneficium, donum, also immunitas c. Gen.
* “beneficium”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “beneficium”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin beneficium. First attested in 1650.

### Noun

beneficium n
* (obsolete) A benefit. [since 1727]
    Synonym: förmån
** 1875 October 8, “Vingåkersbygden i Karl 11:s tid [Vingåker region during the Charles XI era]”, in Södermanlands Allehanda, page 3:[…] ; dock efter som han konungen i trettionio års tid väl och berömligen tjenat, och på denna förläning stor kostnad nedlagt, och denna är den endaste beneficium han för sina långliga, hulda och tappra tjenster åtnjutit, försäkras han få denna donation okvald besitta". […] ; however, after he has served the king well and famously for thirty-nine years, and has spent a great deal of money on this grant, and this is the only benefit he has enjoyed for his long, loyal and brave services, he is assured that this donation will be in his possession".
* (law) A part of a debtor's property that cannot be seized or claimed, property that one may keep to secure one's livelihood. [since 1875]
** 2023 May 16, Jesper Marken, “Kronofogden slår fast – skuldsatt kan åka buss och gå till sitt nattjobb [The bailiff rules - the debtor can take the bus and walk to his night job]”, in VXO News:”Kronofogden gör bedömningen att användning av egen bil för arbetsresor inte medför en regelmässig tidsvinst om minst två timmar … mot bakgrund härav bedöms inte heller utmätt bil utgöra beneficium”, konstaterade fogden."The crown bailiff makes the assessment that using one's own car for work trips does not entail a regular time gain of at least two hours... against this background, the impounded car is also not considered to constitute as protected", stated the bailiff.

### References

* ↑ beneficium in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* ↑ beneficium in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* ↑ beneficium in Svensk ordbok (SO)