# 揉

| 揉 | U+63C9, &#25545; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-63C9 |
| ← 揈 [U+63C8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 揊 → [U+63CA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

揉 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 手弓竹木 (QNHD), four-corner 5709$_4$, composition ⿰扌柔)

#### Derived characters

* 𦺤

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 441, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12332
* Dae Jaweon: page 792, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1926, character 10
* Unihan data for U+63C9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 堥 | *muː, *mu |
| 蓩 | *muːʔ, *moːɡ |
| 猱 | *ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us |
| 茅 | *mruː |
| 罞 | *mruː, *muːŋ |
| 蝥 | *mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs |
| 鶜 | *mruː |
| 瞀 | *moːɡs, *mroːɡ |
| 愗 | *moːɡs |
| 袤 | *mus |
| 雺 | *mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs |
| 懋 | *mus |
| 楙 | *mus |
| 矛 | *mu |
| 蟊 | *mu |
| 髳 | *mu, *muːŋ |
| 鍪 | *mu |
| 鞪 | *mu, *moːɡ |
| 糅 | *ml'us |
| 腬 | *ml'us, *mlju |
| 柔 | *mlju |
| 揉 | *mju |
| 蹂 | *mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus |
| 鍒 | *mju |
| 騥 | *mju |
| 蝚 | *mju |
| 葇 | *mju, *mjuʔ |
| 鞣 | *mju, *mjus |
| 鰇 | *mju |
| 瑈 | *mju |
| 鶔 | *mju |
| 楺 | *mjuʔ |
| 煣 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
| 輮 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
| 韖 | *mjuʔ |
| 敄 | *moʔ, *mos |
| 務 | *moɡs |
| 鶩 | *moɡs, *moːɡ |
| 騖 | *moɡs |
| 婺 | *moɡs |
| 霚 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
| 嵍 | *moɡs |
| 霧 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
| 霿 | *moːŋ, *moːŋs |
| 楘 | *moːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mju) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 柔 (OC *mlju).

### Etymology

Probably cognate with 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”), see there for more (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): róu (rou$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jau$^4$ / jau$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liû / jiû
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnieu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: róu
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: róu
*** Wade–Giles: jou$^2$
*** Yale: róu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rou
*** Palladius: жоу (žou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐoʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^4$ / jau$^6$
*** Yale: yàuh / yauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^4$ / jau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^4$ / yeo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯²¹/, /jɐu̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû
*** Tâi-lô: liû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liuu
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liu²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiû
*** Tâi-lô: jiû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiuu
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziu¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziu²³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gnieu
*** MiniDict: nyeu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲiɤ²³/
* Middle Chinese: nyuw
Rime :
| Character | 揉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 耳由切 |
| Baxter | nyuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵuw/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiu/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | róu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mju/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 揉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8826 |
| Phonetic component | 矛 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 柔 |
| Old Chinese | /*mju/ |

### Definitions

揉
* to knead; to rub; to massage
* to crush by hand

### Compounds

* 心癢難揉／心痒难揉
* 抹淚揉眵／抹泪揉眵
* 挹淚揉眵／挹泪揉眵
* 掰開揉碎／掰开揉碎
* 揉合
* 揉弦 (róuxián)
* 揉捻
* 揉揉
* 揉搓 (róucuō)
* 揉眵抹淚／揉眵抹泪
* 揉著癢處／揉著痒处
* 揉輪／揉轮
* 揉雜／揉杂
* 搓揉 (cuōróu)
* 摑打撾揉／掴打挝揉
* 撫揉／抚揉
* 撾耳揉腮／挝耳揉腮
* 矯揉／矫揉
* 矯揉造作／矫揉造作 (jiǎoróuzàozuò)
* 磨揉遷革／磨揉迁革

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: にゅう (nyū)
* Kan-on: じゅう (jū)
* Kun: もむ (momu, 揉む)、もめる (momeru, 揉める)

#### Derived terms

* 揉(も)み上(あ)げ (momiage)

## Korean
### Hanja

揉 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

揉: Hán Nôm readings: nhu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nôm Foundation