# حرمة
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

حُرْمَة • (ḥurma) f (plural حُرَم (ḥuram) or حُرَمَات (ḥuramāt))
* verbal noun of حَرُمَ (ḥaruma) (form I)
* inviolateness, prohibition, unlawfulness
** something forbidden, something outlawed, something banned, something restricted, a taboo
** something inviolable, something that would bring dishonor or disgrace if violated or infringed
* holiness, sanctity, sacredness
** something sacred, something that must be respected or honored
* an entitlement; something morally required, a moral right, an obligation
** an agreement, a contract, a pact, a compact
** a portion, a share
** the right of clientship
** the right of companionship, the right of friendship
* (of someone or something) honor, dignity; respect, reverence; veneration
    Synonyms: مَهَابَة (mahāba), تَعْظِيم (taʕẓīm)
** a man's good name, a man's standing, a man's stature, a man's repute
** (by extension) a man's personal or private affairs
** the persons whom the master of the house is responsible for or is in charge of, a man's household; a man's female family members, a man's wife, a man's daughter
    Synonyms: أَهْل (ʔahl), حَرَم (ḥaram)
*** 1290, Ibn Manẓūr, “مر”, in لسان العرب [The Tongue of the Arabs]‎, فصل الحاء المهملة [The section of the undotted letter ح (ḥāʔ)], page 125:وَحُرْمَةُ الرَّجُلِ: حُرَمُهُ وَأَهْلُهُ. وَحَرَمُ الرَّجُلِ وَحَرِيمُهُ: مَا يُقَاتِلُ عَنْهُ وَيَحْمِيهُ، فَجَمْعُ الْحَرَمِ أَحْرَامٌ، وَجَمْعُ الْحَرِيِمِ حُرُمٌ.waḥurmatu ar-rajuli: ḥuramuhu waʔahluhu. waḥaramu r-rajuli waḥarīmuhu: mā yuqātilu ʕanhu wayaḥmīhu, fajamʕu l-ḥarami ʔaḥrāmun, wajamʕu l-ḥariyimi ḥurumun.And a man's ḥurmah is his dignity [literally "his affairs that must be respected"] and his family, and his ḥaram and his ḥarīm are what he fights for and protects. And the plural of ḥaram is ʾaḥrām, and that of ḥarīm is ḥurum.
*** 1410, al-Fayrūzabādī, القاموس المحيط [The Encompassing Ocean]:حُرَمُكَ: نِسَاؤُكَ وَمَا تَحْمِي، وَهِيَ الْمَحَارِِمُ، اَلْوَاحِدَةُ: مَحْرُمَةٌḥuramuka: nisāʔuka wamā taḥmī, wahiya l-maḥāriimu, al-wāḥidatu: maḥrumatunYour ḥuram are your women and what you protect, also called maḥārim. Its singular is maḥrumah.
*** 1290, Ibn Manẓūr, “مر”, in لسان العرب [The Tongue of the Arabs]‎, فصل الحاء المهملة [The section of the undotted letter ح (ḥāʔ)], page 123:وَحُرَمُ الرَّجُلِ: عِيَاُلُهُ وَنِسَاؤُهُ وَمَا يَحْمِي، وَهِي الْمَحَارِمُ، وَاحِدَتُهَا مَحْرَمَةٌ وَمَحْرُمة.waḥuramu ar-rajuli: ʕiyauluhu wanisāʔuhu wamā yaḥmī, wahī l-maḥārimu, wāḥidatuhā maḥramatun wamaḥruma.And a man's ḥuram are his women and children and whatever he protects, which are his maḥārim, the singular of which is maḥramah or maḥrumah.
** (by extension) a man's honor when related to the demeanor, conduct, reputation, or treatment of his female relations
** a woman's honor, chastity, purity, maidenhood, virginity, maidenhead, virtue
    Synonyms: عِفَّة (ʕiffa), شَرَف (šaraf)
** a woman's reputation of being decent or modest
** (by extension) a woman's personal or private affairs
* (rare) shelter, protection

##### Usage notes

* The word is commonly used in many of the modern dialects in most of the aforementioned senses, particularly in Gulf Arabic. However, as a substitute for woman, it may now be seen as objectifying or dehumanizing (that is, portraying women as "forbidden things" or as "a part" of a man's honor). It is also completely absent in many of the modern dialects in this sense, such as Egyptian Arabic, where it is used mainly in literary or pseudo-literary contexts in the broad sense of "the state of being forbidden" or "something deemed so". Compare with ست, the normal term to refer to women in Egyptian Arabic; مرة, one of the normal terms to refer to women in Gulf Arabic (as well as some dialects of Egyptian Arabic) and an extremely offensive term in Cairene Arabic; and ولية, which is used jokingly or degradingly in Egyptian Arabic to mean "an old woman" or, occasionally, a hag. While مرة in Hijazi Arabic can be considered offensive and حُرْمة is the acceptable term where it is considered respectful since the word حُرْمة refers to holiness, sanctity, sacredness, respect, honor and dignity.

##### Descendants

* → Avar: хӏурмат (ḥʳurmat)
* → Azerbaijani: hörmət
* → Bashkir: хөрмәт (xörmət)
* → Bengali: হুরমত (hurmôt)
* → Indonesian: hormat
* → Kazakh: құрмет (qūrmet)
* → Ottoman Turkish: حرمت
** Turkish: hürmet
* → Pashto: حرمت
* → Persian: حرمت (hormat)
** → Urdu: حرمت (hurmat)
* → Tabasaran: гьюрмат (hjurmat)
* → Turkmen: hormat
* → Uyghur: ھۆرمەت (hörmet)
* → Uzbek: hurmat

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حرمة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

حِرْمَة • (ḥirma) f
* verbal noun of حَرُمَ (ḥaruma) (form I)
* rut
* deception

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حرمة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Hijazi Arabic

* Root
* ح ر م
* 2 terms

### Etymology

From Arabic حُرْمَة (ḥurma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈħur.ma/, [ˈħʊr.ma]

### Noun

حرمة • (ḥurma) f (construct state حُرْمَة (ḥurmat), dual حرمتين (ḥurmatēn), plural حريم (ḥarīm))
* woman
    Synonym: (rarely used and only used in the context of wife) مرة (mara)
* (rare) holiness, sanctity, sacredness