# tshala
## Zulu
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-bɪ́ada.

### Verb

-tshála
* to plant, to sow

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukutshala |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukutshala | ukungatshali |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | tshala | -tshale |
| Plural | tshalani | -tshaleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyatshala, ngitshala | engitshalayo, engitshala | ngitshala | angitshali | engingatshali | ngingatshali |
| 2nd singular | uyatshala, utshala | otshalayo, otshala | utshala | awutshali | ongatshali | ungatshali |
| 1st plural | siyatshala, sitshala | esitshalayo, esitshala | sitshala | asitshali | esingatshali | singatshali |
| 2nd plural | niyatshala, nitshala | enitshalayo, enitshala | nitshala | anitshali | eningatshali | ningatshali |
| Class 1 | uyatshala, utshala | otshalayo, otshala | etshala | akatshali | ongatshali | engatshali |
| Class 2 | bayatshala, batshala | abatshalayo, abatshala | betshala | abatshali | abangatshali | bengatshali |
| Class 3 | uyatshala, utshala | otshalayo, otshala | utshala | awutshali | ongatshali | ungatshali |
| Class 4 | iyatshala, itshala | etshalayo, etshala | itshala | ayitshali | engatshali | ingatshali |
| Class 5 | liyatshala, litshala | elitshalayo, elitshala | litshala | alitshali | elingatshali | lingatshali |
| Class 6 | ayatshala, atshala | atshalayo, atshala | etshala | awatshali | angatshali | engatshali |
| Class 7 | siyatshala, sitshala | esitshalayo, esitshala | sitshala | asitshali | esingatshali | singatshali |
| Class 8 | ziyatshala, zitshala | ezitshalayo, ezitshala | zitshala | azitshali | ezingatshali | zingatshali |
| Class 9 | iyatshala, itshala | etshalayo, etshala | itshala | ayitshali | engatshali | ingatshali |
| Class 10 | ziyatshala, zitshala | ezitshalayo, ezitshala | zitshala | azitshali | ezingatshali | zingatshali |
| Class 11 | luyatshala, lutshala | olutshalayo, olutshala | lutshala | alutshali | olungatshali | lungatshali |
| Class 14 | buyatshala, butshala | obutshalayo, obutshala | butshala | abutshali | obungatshali | bungatshali |
| Class 15 | kuyatshala, kutshala | okutshalayo, okutshala | kutshala | akutshali | okungatshali | kungatshali |
| Class 17 | kuyatshala, kutshala | okutshalayo, okutshala | kutshala | akutshali | okungatshali | kungatshali |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngitshalile, ngitshalē | engitshalile, engitshalē | ngitshalile, ngitshalē | angitshalanga | engingatshalanga | ngingatshalanga |
| 2nd singular | utshalile, utshalē | otshalile, otshalē | utshalile, utshalē | awutshalanga | ongatshalanga | ungatshalanga |
| 1st plural | sitshalile, sitshalē | esitshalile, esitshalē | sitshalile, sitshalē | asitshalanga | esingatshalanga | singatshalanga |
| 2nd plural | nitshalile, nitshalē | enitshalile, enitshalē | nitshalile, nitshalē | anitshalanga | eningatshalanga | ningatshalanga |
| Class 1 | utshalile, utshalē | otshalile, otshalē | etshalile, etshalē | akatshalanga | ongatshalanga | engatshalanga |
| Class 2 | batshalile, batshalē | abatshalile, abatshalē | betshalile, betshalē | abatshalanga | abangatshalanga | bengatshalanga |
| Class 3 | utshalile, utshalē | otshalile, otshalē | utshalile, utshalē | awutshalanga | ongatshalanga | ungatshalanga |
| Class 4 | itshalile, itshalē | etshalile, etshalē | itshalile, itshalē | ayitshalanga | engatshalanga | ingatshalanga |
| Class 5 | litshalile, litshalē | elitshalile, elitshalē | litshalile, litshalē | alitshalanga | elingatshalanga | lingatshalanga |
| Class 6 | atshalile, atshalē | atshalile, atshalē | etshalile, etshalē | awatshalanga | angatshalanga | engatshalanga |
| Class 7 | sitshalile, sitshalē | esitshalile, esitshalē | sitshalile, sitshalē | asitshalanga | esingatshalanga | singatshalanga |
| Class 8 | zitshalile, zitshalē | ezitshalile, ezitshalē | zitshalile, zitshalē | azitshalanga | ezingatshalanga | zingatshalanga |
| Class 9 | itshalile, itshalē | etshalile, etshalē | itshalile, itshalē | ayitshalanga | engatshalanga | ingatshalanga |
| Class 10 | zitshalile, zitshalē | ezitshalile, ezitshalē | zitshalile, zitshalē | azitshalanga | ezingatshalanga | zingatshalanga |
| Class 11 | lutshalile, lutshalē | olutshalile, olutshalē | lutshalile, lutshalē | alutshalanga | olungatshalanga | lungatshalanga |
| Class 14 | butshalile, butshalē | obutshalile, obutshalē | butshalile, butshalē | abutshalanga | obungatshalanga | bungatshalanga |
| Class 15 | kutshalile, kutshalē | okutshalile, okutshalē | kutshalile, kutshalē | akutshalanga | okungatshalanga | kungatshalanga |
| Class 17 | kutshalile, kutshalē | okutshalile, okutshalē | kutshalile, kutshalē | akutshalanga | okungatshalanga | kungatshalanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngātshala | engātshala | ngātshala | angitshalanga | engingatshalanga | ngingatshalanga |
| 2nd singular | wātshala | owātshala | wātshala | awutshalanga | ongatshalanga | ungatshalanga |
| 1st plural | sātshala | esātshala | sātshala | asitshalanga | esingatshalanga | singatshalanga |
| 2nd plural | nātshala | enātshala | nātshala | anitshalanga | eningatshalanga | ningatshalanga |
| Class 1 | wātshala | owātshala | ātshala | akatshalanga | ongatshalanga | engatshalanga |
| Class 2 | bātshala | abātshala | bātshala | abatshalanga | abangatshalanga | bengatshalanga |
| Class 3 | wātshala | owātshala | wātshala | awutshalanga | ongatshalanga | ungatshalanga |
| Class 4 | yātshala | eyātshala | yātshala | ayitshalanga | engatshalanga | ingatshalanga |
| Class 5 | lātshala | elātshala | lātshala | alitshalanga | elingatshalanga | lingatshalanga |
| Class 6 | ātshala | ātshala | ātshala | awatshalanga | angatshalanga | engatshalanga |
| Class 7 | sātshala | esātshala | sātshala | asitshalanga | esingatshalanga | singatshalanga |
| Class 8 | zātshala | ezātshala | zātshala | azitshalanga | ezingatshalanga | zingatshalanga |
| Class 9 | yātshala | eyātshala | yātshala | ayitshalanga | engatshalanga | ingatshalanga |
| Class 10 | zātshala | ezātshala | zātshala | azitshalanga | ezingatshalanga | zingatshalanga |
| Class 11 | lwātshala | olwātshala | lwātshala | alutshalanga | olungatshalanga | lungatshalanga |
| Class 14 | bātshala | obātshala | bātshala | abutshalanga | obungatshalanga | bungatshalanga |
| Class 15 | kwātshala | okwātshala | kwātshala | akutshalanga | okungatshalanga | kungatshalanga |
| Class 17 | kwātshala | okwātshala | kwātshala | akutshalanga | okungatshalanga | kungatshalanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingatshala | — | ngingatshala | ngingetshale | — | ngingetshale |
| 2nd singular | ungatshala | — | ungatshala | ungetshale | — | ungetshale |
| 1st plural | singatshala | — | singatshala | singetshale | — | singetshale |
| 2nd plural | ningatshala | — | ningatshala | ningetshale | — | ningetshale |
| Class 1 | angatshala | — | engatshala | angetshale | — | engetshale |
| Class 2 | bangatshala | — | bengatshala | bangetshale | — | bengetshale |
| Class 3 | ungatshala | — | ungatshala | ungetshale | — | ungetshale |
| Class 4 | ingatshala | — | ingatshala | ingetshale | — | ingetshale |
| Class 5 | lingatshala | — | lingatshala | lingetshale | — | lingetshale |
| Class 6 | angatshala | — | engatshala | angetshale | — | engetshale |
| Class 7 | singatshala | — | singatshala | singetshale | — | singetshale |
| Class 8 | zingatshala | — | zingatshala | zingetshale | — | zingetshale |
| Class 9 | ingatshala | — | ingatshala | ingetshale | — | ingetshale |
| Class 10 | zingatshala | — | zingatshala | zingetshale | — | zingetshale |
| Class 11 | lungatshala | — | lungatshala | lungetshale | — | lungetshale |
| Class 14 | bungatshala | — | bungatshala | bungetshale | — | bungetshale |
| Class 15 | kungatshala | — | kungatshala | kungetshale | — | kungetshale |
| Class 17 | kungatshala | — | kungatshala | kungetshale | — | kungetshale |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizotshala | engizotshala | ngizotshala | angizutshala | engingezutshala | ngingezutshala |
| 2nd singular | uzotshala | ozotshala | uzotshala | awuzutshala | ongezutshala | ungezutshala |
| 1st plural | sizotshala | esizotshala | sizotshala | asizutshala | esingezutshala | singezutshala |
| 2nd plural | nizotshala | enizotshala | nizotshala | anizutshala | eningezutshala | ningezutshala |
| Class 1 | uzotshala | ozotshala | ezotshala | akazutshala | ongezutshala | engezutshala |
| Class 2 | bazotshala | abazotshala | bezotshala | abazutshala | abangezutshala | bengezutshala |
| Class 3 | uzotshala | ozotshala | uzotshala | awuzutshala | ongezutshala | ungezutshala |
| Class 4 | izotshala | ezotshala | izotshala | ayizutshala | engezutshala | ingezutshala |
| Class 5 | lizotshala | elizotshala | lizotshala | alizutshala | elingezutshala | lingezutshala |
| Class 6 | azotshala | azotshala | ezotshala | awazutshala | angezutshala | engezutshala |
| Class 7 | sizotshala | esizotshala | sizotshala | asizutshala | esingezutshala | singezutshala |
| Class 8 | zizotshala | ezizotshala | zizotshala | azizutshala | ezingezutshala | zingezutshala |
| Class 9 | izotshala | ezotshala | izotshala | ayizutshala | engezutshala | ingezutshala |
| Class 10 | zizotshala | ezizotshala | zizotshala | azizutshala | ezingezutshala | zingezutshala |
| Class 11 | luzotshala | oluzotshala | luzotshala | aluzutshala | olungezutshala | lungezutshala |
| Class 14 | buzotshala | obuzotshala | buzotshala | abuzutshala | obungezutshala | bungezutshala |
| Class 15 | kuzotshala | okuzotshala | kuzotshala | akuzutshala | okungezutshala | kungezutshala |
| Class 17 | kuzotshala | okuzotshala | kuzotshala | akuzutshala | okungezutshala | kungezutshala |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyotshala | engiyotshala | ngiyotshala | angiyutshala | engingeyutshala | ngingeyutshala |
| 2nd singular | uyotshala | oyotshala | uyotshala | awuyutshala | ongeyutshala | ungeyutshala |
| 1st plural | siyotshala | esiyotshala | siyotshala | asiyutshala | esingeyutshala | singeyutshala |
| 2nd plural | niyotshala | eniyotshala | niyotshala | aniyutshala | eningeyutshala | ningeyutshala |
| Class 1 | uyotshala | oyotshala | eyotshala | akayutshala | ongeyutshala | engeyutshala |
| Class 2 | bayotshala | abayotshala | beyotshala | abayutshala | abangeyutshala | bengeyutshala |
| Class 3 | uyotshala | oyotshala | uyotshala | awuyutshala | ongeyutshala | ungeyutshala |
| Class 4 | iyotshala | eyotshala | iyotshala | ayiyutshala | engeyutshala | ingeyutshala |
| Class 5 | liyotshala | eliyotshala | liyotshala | aliyutshala | elingeyutshala | lingeyutshala |
| Class 6 | ayotshala | ayotshala | eyotshala | awayutshala | angeyutshala | engeyutshala |
| Class 7 | siyotshala | esiyotshala | siyotshala | asiyutshala | esingeyutshala | singeyutshala |
| Class 8 | ziyotshala | eziyotshala | ziyotshala | aziyutshala | ezingeyutshala | zingeyutshala |
| Class 9 | iyotshala | eyotshala | iyotshala | ayiyutshala | engeyutshala | ingeyutshala |
| Class 10 | ziyotshala | eziyotshala | ziyotshala | aziyutshala | ezingeyutshala | zingeyutshala |
| Class 11 | luyotshala | oluyotshala | luyotshala | aluyutshala | olungeyutshala | lungeyutshala |
| Class 14 | buyotshala | obuyotshala | buyotshala | abuyutshala | obungeyutshala | bungeyutshala |
| Class 15 | kuyotshala | okuyotshala | kuyotshala | akuyutshala | okungeyutshala | kungeyutshala |
| Class 17 | kuyotshala | okuyotshala | kuyotshala | akuyutshala | okungeyutshala | kungeyutshala |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngitshale | ngingatshali |
| 2nd singular | utshale | ungatshali |
| 1st plural | sitshale | singatshali |
| 2nd plural | nitshale | ningatshali |
| Class 1 | atshale | angatshali |
| Class 2 | batshale | bangatshali |
| Class 3 | utshale | ungatshali |
| Class 4 | itshale | ingatshali |
| Class 5 | litshale | lingatshali |
| Class 6 | atshale | angatshali |
| Class 7 | sitshale | singatshali |
| Class 8 | zitshale | zingatshali |
| Class 9 | itshale | ingatshali |
| Class 10 | zitshale | zingatshali |
| Class 11 | lutshale | lungatshali |
| Class 14 | butshale | bungatshali |
| Class 15 | kutshale | kungatshali |
| Class 17 | kutshale | kungatshali |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngatshala | ngangatshala, angatshala, angangatshala |
| 2nd singular | watshala | wangatshala, awatshala, awangatshala |
| 1st plural | satshala | sangatshala, asatshala, asangatshala |
| 2nd plural | natshala | nangatshala, anatshala, anangatshala |
| Class 1 | watshala | wangatshala, akatshala, akangatshala |
| Class 2 | batshala | bangatshala, abatshala, abangatshala |
| Class 3 | watshala | wangatshala, awatshala, awangatshala |
| Class 4 | yatshala | yangatshala, ayatshala, ayangatshala |
| Class 5 | latshala | langatshala, alatshala, alangatshala |
| Class 6 | atshala | angatshala, awatshala, awangatshala |
| Class 7 | satshala | sangatshala, asatshala, asangatshala |
| Class 8 | zatshala | zangatshala, azatshala, azangatshala |
| Class 9 | yatshala | yangatshala, ayatshala, ayangatshala |
| Class 10 | zatshala | zangatshala, azatshala, azangatshala |
| Class 11 | lwatshala | lwangatshala, alwatshala, alwangatshala |
| Class 14 | batshala | bangatshala, abatshala, abangatshala |
| Class 15 | kwatshala | kwangatshala, akwatshala, akwangatshala |
| Class 17 | kwatshala | kwangatshala, akwatshala, akwangatshala |

#### Derived terms

* isitshalo

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “tshala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “tshala (3.9)”