# 髯

| 髯 | U+9AEF, &#39663; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9AEF |
| ← 髮 [U+9AEE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 髰 → [U+9AF0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

髯 (Kangxi radical 190, 髟+5, 15 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹土月 (SHGB), four-corner 7255$_7$, composition ⿱髟冉)
* beard
* mustache

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1453, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45404
* Dae Jaweon: page 1984, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4522, character 2
* Unihan data for U+9AEF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 那 | *naːl, *naːlʔ, *naːls |
| 挪 | *naːl |
| 娜 | *naːlʔ |
| 柟 | *noːm, *njam, *njamʔ |
| 抩 | *noːm |
| 聃 | *n̥ʰaːm, *n̥ʰaːm |
| 舑 | *n̥ʰaːm, *njam |
| 坍 | *n̥ʰaːm |
| 髯 | *njam, *njams |
| 蚺 | *njam |
| 呥 | *njam |
| 冉 | *njam, *njamʔ |
| 袡 | *njam |
| 苒 | *njamʔ |
| 姌 | *njamʔ, *neːmʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rán (ran$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jim$^4$ / jim$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rán
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rán
*** Wade–Giles: jan$^2$
*** Yale: rán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ran
*** Palladius: жань (žanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^4$ / jim$^6$
*** Yale: yìhm / yihm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^4$ / jim$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^4$ / yim$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm²¹/, /jiːm²²/
* Middle Chinese: nyem, nyemH
Rime :
| Character | 髯 | 髯 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 汝鹽切 | 而豔切 |
| Baxter | nyem | nyemH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiᴇm/ | /ȵiᴇm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɛm/ | /ȵiɛm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjæm/ | /ȵʑjæm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵiam/ | /ȵiam$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiɛm/ | /ȵiɛm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭɛm/ | /ȵʑĭɛm$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ɛm/ | /ȵʑi̯ɛm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rán | ràn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jim$^4$ | jim$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*nam/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njam/, /*njams/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 髯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyem › |
| Old Chinese | /*nam/ |
| English | whiskers |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 髯 | 髯 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 10777 | 10788 |
| Phonetic component | 冉 | 冉 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𩓾 | 染 |
| Old Chinese | /*njam/ | /*njams/ |

### Definitions

髯
* whiskers; beard
* person with a lot of beard

#### Compounds

* 一字髯
* 掀髯
* 揚眉奮髯／扬眉奋髯
* 碧眼紫髯
* 禮髯／礼髯
* 美髯公
* 蒼髯／苍髯 (cāngrán)
* 虯髯／虬髯
* 虯髯客／虬髯客
* 虯髯客傳／虬髯客传
* 關羽髯／关羽髯
* 髯口
* 髯毛
* 髯蛇
* 鬚髯如戟／须髯如戟
* 鬢髯如漆／鬓髯如漆

### References

* “髯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* sideburns, whiskers (cheek hair)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ねん (nen)
* Kan-on: ぜん (zen)
* Kun: ひげ (hige, 髯)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 髯
* ひげ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 髯 – see the following entry. :
| 【ひげ】 | [noun] (broadly) facial hair on the upper lip region, the chin, and the cheeks [noun] 髯: sideburns, whiskers (cheek hair) [noun] (figurative) whiskers (of animals) [noun] (figurative) antennae (of insects) [noun] (figurative) corn silk Alternative spellings 髭, 鬚 |
(This term, 髯, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

髯 (eumhun 구레나룻 염 (gurenarut yeom))
* Alternative form of 髥 (“hanja form of 염 (“beard; mustache”)”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.