OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 投降主義
## Chinese

| | | to surrender; to capitulate; to submitto surrender; to capitulate; to submit; to give in; to yield | doctrine; ideology; -ismdoctrine; ideology; -ism; position; stance |
| trad. (投降主義) | trad. (投降主義) | 投降 | 主義 |
| simp. (投降主义) | simp. (投降主义) | 投降 | 主义 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tóuxiáng zhǔyì
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tau$^4$ hong$^4$ zyu$^2$ ji$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tóuxiáng zhǔyì
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tóusiáng jhǔyì
*** Wade–Giles: tʻou$^2$-hsiang$^2$ chu$^3$-i$^4$
*** Yale: tóu-syáng jǔ-yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tourshyang juuyih
*** Palladius: тоусян чжуи (tousjan čžui)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tau$^4$ hong$^4$ zyu$^2$ ji$^6$
*** Yale: tàuh hòhng jyú yih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tau$^4$ hong$^4$ dzy$^2$ ji$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: teo$^4$ hong$^4$ ju$^2$ yi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɐu̯²¹ hɔːŋ²¹ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

### Noun

投降主義
* capitulationism
    From: 1937, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《和英國記者貝特蘭的談話》 (Interview with the British Journalist James Bertram), 《毛澤東選集》 (Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung), English translation based on the Foreign Language Press edition
    Tóuxiáng zhǔyì gēnyuán yú mínzú shībài zhǔyì, jí mínzú bēiguān zhǔyì, zhè zhǒng bēiguān zhǔyì rènwéi Zhōngguó zài dǎ le bàizhàng zhīhòu zài yě wúlì kàngrì. [Pinyin]
    Capitulationism has its roots in national defeatism or national pessimism, that is, in the idea that having lost some battles, China has no strength left to fight Japan.
# 摩那婆
## Chinese
### Etymology

From Sanskrit मानव (mānava, “human”). Displaced by native Chinese 人 (rén) in later translations.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mónàpó
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ ㄋㄚˋ ㄆㄛˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mónàpó
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ ㄋㄚˋ ㄆㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mónàpó
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^2$-na$^4$-pʻo$^2$
*** Yale: mwó-nà-pwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: monahpor
*** Palladius: монапо (monapo)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ³⁵ nä⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: ma|maH na|naX|naH ba
Rime :
| Character | 摩 | 摩 | 那 | 那 | 那 | 婆 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) | 泥 (8) | 泥 (8) | 泥 (8) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 戈 (95) | 歌 (94) | 歌 (94) | 歌 (94) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Open | Open | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I | I | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 莫婆切 | 摸卧切 | 諾何切 | 奴可切 | 奴箇切 | 薄波切 |
| Baxter | ma | maH | na | naX | naH | ba |
| Reconstructions |||||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muɑ/ | /muɑ$^H$/ | /nɑ/ | /nɑ$^X$/ | /nɑ$^H$/ | /buɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muɑ/ | /muɑ$^H$/ | /nɑ/ | /nɑ$^X$/ | /nɑ$^H$/ | /buɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muɑ/ | /muɑ$^H$/ | /nɑ/ | /nɑ$^X$/ | /nɑ$^H$/ | /buɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwa/ | /mwa$^H$/ | /na/ | /na$^X$/ | /na$^H$/ | /bwa/ |
| Li Rong | /muɑ/ | /muɑ$^H$/ | /nɑ/ | /nɑ$^X$/ | /nɑ$^H$/ | /buɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /muɑ/ | /muɑ$^H$/ | /nɑ/ | /nɑ$^X$/ | /nɑ$^H$/ | /buɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /muɑ/ | /muɑ$^H$/ | /nɑ/ | /nɑ$^X$/ | /nɑ$^H$/ | /bʱuɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mó | mò | nuó | nuǒ | nuò | pó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mo$^4$ | mo$^6$ | no$^4$ | no$^5$ | no$^6$ | po$^4$ |

### Noun

摩那婆
* (Buddhism) human.
    Synonyms: 人 (rén), 摩拏婆／摩拿婆, 摩納／摩纳

### Further reading

* Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “摩那婆” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].
# 插喙插舌
## Chinese

| | | to interrupt; to cut in; to butt into interrupt; to cut in; to butt in; to chime in | insert; stick in; pierceinsert; stick in; pierce; to take part in; to interfere; to interpose | tongue |
| trad. (插喙插舌) | trad. (插喙插舌) | 插喙 | 插 | 舌 |
| simp. $^#$(插喙插舌) | simp. $^#$(插喙插舌) | 插喙 | 插 | 舌 |
| alternative forms | alternative forms | 插嘴插舌 | 插嘴插舌 | 插嘴插舌 |

### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhap-chhùi-chhap-chi̍h
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhap-chhùi-chhap-chi̍h
*** Tâi-lô: tshap-tshuì-tshap-tsi̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhapzhuiezhapcih
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰui²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰap̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰap̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰap̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰui²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰap̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siʔ¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰui¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰui²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siʔ⁴/

### Verb

插喙插舌
* (Hokkien) to interrupt; to cut in; to butt in; to chime in

#### Synonyms

* 儳言 (chànyán) (literary)
* 打岔 (dǎchà)
* 拍讒／拍谗 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 接嘴 (jie$^2$ zui$^3$) (Sichuanese)
* 插口 (chākǒu)
* 插喙 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 插嘴 (chāzuǐ)
* 插話／插话 (chāhuà)
* 搭嘴 (dă-cṳ̌) (Northern Min)
* 破喙煞 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 破喙讒／破喙谗 (Xiamen Hokkien)
# 插嘴
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chāzuǐ
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚ ㄗㄨㄟˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ca$^2$ zui$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caap$^3$ zeoi$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhap-chhùi / chhah-chhùi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cah$^4$ cui$^3$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ca$^4$ zei$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chāzuǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄚ ㄗㄨㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chazuěi
*** Wade–Giles: chʻa$^1$-tsui$^3$
*** Yale: chā-dzwěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chatzoei
*** Palladius: чацзуй (čaczuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ca$^2$ zui$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cazui
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰa²¹ t͡suei⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caap$^3$ zeoi$^2$
*** Yale: chaap jéui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaap$^8$ dzoey$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cab$^3$ zêu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːp̚³ t͡sɵy̯³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhap-chhùi
*** Tâi-lô: tshap-tshuì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhapzhuix
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /t͡sʰap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰui²¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰap̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰui²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰap̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰui⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰui¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhah-chhùi
*** Tâi-lô: tshah-tshuì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhahzhuix
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰui²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sʰui²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sʰui¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰa(ʔ)⁵ t͡sʰui⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cah$^4$ cui$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshah tshùi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaʔ²⁻⁴ t͡sʰui²¹³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ca$^4$ zei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰa̠⁴⁵ t͡se̞i̯⁴¹/

### Verb

插⫽嘴 (verb-object) (intransitive)
* to interrupt; to cut in; to butt in; to chime in

#### Synonyms

* 儳言 (chànyán) (literary)
* 打岔 (dǎchà)
* 拍讒／拍谗 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 接嘴 (jie$^2$ zui$^3$) (Sichuanese)
* 插口 (chākǒu)
* 插喙 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 插喙插舌 (Hokkien)
* 插話／插话 (chāhuà)
* 搭嘴 (dă-cṳ̌) (Northern Min)
* 破喙煞 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 破喙讒／破喙谗 (Xiamen Hokkien)
# 插图
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 插图 – see 插圖 (“illustration”). (This term is the simplified form of 插圖).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# cornearles
## Spanish
### Verb

cornearles
* infinitive of cornear combined with les
# cornearle
## Spanish
### Verb

cornearle
* infinitive of cornear combined with le
# cornearme
## Spanish
### Verb

cornearme
* infinitive of cornear combined with me
# corticotropinas
## Spanish
### Noun

corticotropinas f pl
* plural of corticotropina
# corteereste
## Italian
### Verb

corteereste
* second-person plural conditional of corteare

### Anagrams

* estorcerete
# cospeciate
## English
### Etymology

From co- +‎ speciate.

### Verb

cospeciate (third-person singular simple present cospeciates, present participle cospeciating, simple past and past participle cospeciated)
* To speciate with another
# 搞到
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau$^2$ dou$^3$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaau$^2$ dou$^3$
*** Yale: gáau dou
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaau$^2$ dou$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gao$^2$ dou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːu̯³⁵ tou̯³³/

### Verb

搞到
* (Cantonese) to cause; to result in

#### Synonyms

* 令 (lìng)
* 使 (shǐ)
* (Cantonese) 令到
# coseramos
## Galician
### Verb

coseramos
* first-person plural pluperfect indicative of coser
# 插田泡
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chātiánpào
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄆㄠˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chātiánpào
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄚ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄆㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chatiánpào
*** Wade–Giles: chʻa$^1$-tʻien$^2$-pʻao$^4$
*** Yale: chā-tyán-pàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chatyanpaw
*** Palladius: чатяньпао (čatjanʹpao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ pʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

### Noun

插田泡
* Rubus coreanus (the Korean black raspberry)
# cosom hockey
## English
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

cosom hockey (uncountable)
* A form of floor hockey (itself a variant of ice hockey), played with light plastic pucks on a flooring playing surface.
* (informal) A form of floor hockey and ball hockey (itself a variant of ice hockey).
* (informal) floor hockey

#### Translations
## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English cosom hockey.

### Noun

cosom hockey m (uncountable)
* cosom hockey; Alternative form of hockey cosom
# cosoraș
## Romanian
### Etymology

From cosor +‎ -aș.

### Noun

cosoraș n (plural cosorașe)
* diminutive of cosor

#### Declension
### References

* cosoraș in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN
# cosonicates
## English
### Verb

cosonicates
* third-person singular simple present indicative of cosonicate

### Anagrams

* consociates, occasionest
# derruíeu
## Catalan
### Verb

derruíeu
* second-person plural imperfect indicative of derruir
# faktami
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /faktami/

### Noun

faktami
* instrumental plural of fakt
# 直踩
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): zik$^6$ caai$^2$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zik$^6$ caai$^2$
*** Yale: jihk cháai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzik$^9$ tsaai$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jig$^6$ cai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪk̚² t͡sʰaːi̯³⁵/

### Verb

直踩
* (Cantonese) to do something continuously without resting
# ברנאד
## Mozarabic
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin */βen(e)ˈrat/ = Latin venīre + habet. For the metathesis of */nr/ to /rn/, cf. Old Spanish verná. Compare also modern Portuguese virá and Spanish vendrá.

### Verb

ברנאד (brnʔd)
* come (third-person singular future indicative)
** c. 1100, Kharja H2, section 3:גארם כנד מברנאדgʔrm knd mbrnʔdTell me when will he come to me

### References

* ↑ Penny, Ralph. 2002. A history of the Spanish language. Cambridge University Press. Page 214.
# spüret auf
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

spüret auf
* second-person plural subjunctive I of aufspüren
# 督责
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 督责 – see 督責 (“to supervise and criticize”). (This term is the simplified form of 督責).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 督戰隊
## Chinese

* 督戰隊

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dūzhàn duì
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨ ㄓㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): duk$^1$ zin$^3$ deoi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dūzhàn duì
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨ ㄓㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dujhàn duèi
*** Wade–Giles: tu$^1$-chan$^4$ tui$^4$
*** Yale: dū-jàn dwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dujann duey
*** Palladius: дучжань дуй (dučžanʹ duj)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: duk$^1$ zin$^3$ deoi$^6$
*** Yale: dūk jin deuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: duk$^7$ dzin$^3$ doey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dug$^1$ jin$^3$ dêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊk̚⁵ t͡siːn³³ tɵy̯²²/

### Noun

督戰隊
* (military) barrier troops; blocking unit
# riarredereste
## Italian
### Verb

riarredereste
* second-person plural conditional of riarredare
# riarrediamo
## Italian
### Verb

riarrediamo
* inflection of riarredare:
** first-person plural present indicative/subjunctive
** first-person plural imperative
# riarrederemo
## Italian
### Verb

riarrederemo
* first-person plural future of riarredare
# riarrederò
## Italian
### Verb

riarrederò
* first-person singular future of riarredare
# riammettendole
## Italian
### Verb

riammettendole
* compound of riammettendo, the gerund of riammettere, with le
# cársica
## Spanish
### Adjective

cársica f
* feminine singular of cársico
# cárpata
## Spanish
### Noun

cárpata f (plural cárpatas)
* female equivalent of cárpato

### Adjective

cárpata f
* feminine singular of cárpato
# ricollocherebbero
## Italian
### Verb

ricollocherebbero
* third-person plural conditional of ricollocare
# ricollocheremmo
## Italian
### Verb

ricollocheremmo
* first-person plural conditional of ricollocare
# câmera Web
## Portuguese
### Noun

câmera Web f (plural câmeras Web)
* Alternative form of câmara web
# câmera digital
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* câmara digital

### Noun

câmera digital f (plural câmeras digitais)
* digital camera (electronic camera)
# cwicbeama
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkwikˌbæ͜ɑː.mɑ/

### Noun

cwicbēama
* genitive plural of cwicbēam
# riavviserò
## Italian
### Verb

riavviserò
* first-person singular future of riavvisare
# riavviseresti
## Italian
### Verb

riavviseresti
* second-person singular conditional of riavvisare
# riavvisiamo
## Italian
### Verb

riavvisiamo
* inflection of riavvisare:
** first-person plural present indicative/subjunctive
** first-person plural imperative
# 磷虾
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 磷虾 – see 磷蝦 (“krill, euphausiid”). (This term is the simplified form of 磷蝦).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# riappendemmo
## Italian
### Verb

riappendemmo
* first-person plural past historic of riappendere
# riappendano
## Italian
### Verb

riappendano
* inflection of riappendere:
** third-person plural present subjunctive
** third-person plural imperative
# cyberhacking
## English
### Etymology

From cyber- +‎ hacking.

### Noun

cyberhacking (uncountable)
* computer hacking; the act of breaking into computer systems
** 1995, David James Clarke, Novell's CNE study guide for NetWare 4.1:White-collar crimes include cyberhacking and political espionage.
** 2004, L. Jean Camp, Stephen Lewis, Economics of information security, page 95:There are many well known examples of cyberhacking.
** 2009, Jennifer E. Sims, Burton L. Gerber, Vaults, mirrors, and masks: rediscovering U.S. counterintelligence:In many cases gangs use bribery, cyberhacking, and other methods to infiltrate police departments for information or intelligence.

#### Related terms

* cyberhacker
# 畅钱
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 畅钱 – see 唱錢 (“to exchange cash”). (This term is the simplified form of 暢錢, which is in turn a variant form of 唱錢).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 直谏
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 直谏 – see 直諫 (“to admonish frankly; to criticize directly”). (This term is the simplified form of 直諫).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 直轄
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhíxiá
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ ㄒㄧㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zik$^6$ hat$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dĭk-hăk
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ti̍t-ha̍t / ti̍t-hat
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhíxiá
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄒㄧㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhsiá
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^2$-hsia$^2$
*** Yale: jŕ-syá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyrshya
*** Palladius: чжися (čžisja)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zik$^6$ hat$^6$
*** Yale: jihk haht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzik$^9$ hat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jig$^6$ hed$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪk̚² hɐt̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭk-hăk
*** Sinological IPA : /tiʔ⁵⁻³³ haʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍t-ha̍t
*** Tâi-lô: ti̍t-ha̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: didhat
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tit̚⁴⁻³² hat̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍t-hat
*** Tâi-lô: ti̍t-hat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: didhad
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tit̚⁴⁻³² hat̚³²/

### Verb

直轄
* (of the central government) to directly administer
* to be administered directly by the central government

#### Derived terms

* 直轄區／直辖区
* 直轄市／直辖市 (zhíxiáshì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 直 | 轄 |
| ちょく > ちょっ Grade: 2 | かつ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

直(ちょっ)轄(かつ) • (chokkatsu)
* direct control

### Verb

直(ちょっ)轄(かつ)する • (chokkatsu suru) suru (stem 直(ちょっ)轄(かつ)し (chokkatsu shi), past 直(ちょっ)轄(かつ)した (chokkatsu shita))
* be under direct control or jurisdiction

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 直轄し | ちょっかつし | chokkatsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 直轄し | ちょっかつし | chokkatsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 直轄する | ちょっかつする | chokkatsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 直轄する | ちょっかつする | chokkatsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 直轄すれ | ちょっかつすれ | chokkatsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 直轄せよ¹ 直轄しろ² | ちょっかつせよ¹ ちょっかつしろ² | chokkatsu seyo¹ chokkatsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 直轄される | ちょっかつされる | chokkatsu sareru |
| Causative | 直轄させる 直轄さす | ちょっかつさせる ちょっかつさす | chokkatsu saseru chokkatsu sasu |
| Potential | 直轄できる | ちょっかつできる | chokkatsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 直轄しよう | ちょっかつしよう | chokkatsu shiyō |
| Negative | 直轄しない | ちょっかつしない | chokkatsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 直轄せず | ちょっかつせず | chokkatsu sezu |
| Formal | 直轄します | ちょっかつします | chokkatsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 直轄した | ちょっかつした | chokkatsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 直轄して | ちょっかつして | chokkatsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 直轄すれば | ちょっかつすれば | chokkatsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 直 | 轄 |

### Noun

直轄 • (jikhal) (hangeul 직할)
* hanja form of 직할 (“direct control”)
# 直话直说
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 直话直说 – see 直話直說 (“to speak frankly; to have frank talk”). (This term is the simplified form of 直話直說).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# côtoyées
## French
### Participle

côtoyées f pl
* feminine plural of côtoyé
# côtoyions
## French
### Verb

côtoyions
* inflection of côtoyer:
** first-person plural imperfect indicative
** first-person plural present subjunctive
# cytopharynx
## English
### Etymology

From cyto- +‎ pharynx.

### Noun

cytopharynx (plural cytopharynxes or cytopharynges)
* (cytology) A tube-like opening in the lateral surface of a ciliate, through which food is ingested.

#### Synonyms

* (tube-like opening): gullet
# riardessero
## Italian
### Verb

riardessero
* third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of riardere

### Anagrams

* arridessero
# riardesse
## Italian
### Verb

riardesse
* third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of riardere

### Anagrams

* arridesse
# câștig de cauză
## Romanian
### Etymology

Calque of French gain de cause.

### Noun

câștig de cauză n (uncountable)
* (originally law) victory or upper hand, originally in a trial
** 2001, Sanda Reinheimer Rîpeanu, Lingvistica romanică: lexic—fonetică—morfologie‎, →ISBN, page 181:Concurența în latină între pronume asigură continuitatea numai a unora dintre ele: totus este în câștig de cauză față de omnis (conservat numai în italiană, cu alt sens însă), alter îl elimină pe alius […]The Latin rivalry between pronouns only insures the continuity of one of them each: totus comes out on top against omnis (only preserved in Italian, but with another meaning), alter eliminates alius […]
** 2021, Petru Iamandi, transl., Apropo de nimic‎, Bucharest: Litera, translation of Apropos of Nothing by Woody Allen, →ISBN:O mamă în lacrimi mi-a spus că Wilk nu i-a dat câștig de cauză fiindcă a trebuit să amâne data unei înfățișări ca să serbeze ziua de naștere a copilului ei, iar judecătorul nici n-a vrut să audă.Another weeping mother told me Wilk had ruled against her because she had to postpone a court date to attend her child’s birthday and he wouldn’t hear of it.

#### Collocations

* a da câștig de cauză ― to award victory in a trial or any dispute
* în câștig de cauză ― having won or on track to win a trial; (figuratively) on top

### References

* cauză in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
* Liviu Groza (2020) Influența franceză asupra frazeologiei românești‎, Bucharest: Bucharest University Press, →ISBN, page 93
# 礊

| 礊 | U+790A, &#30986; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-790A |
| ← 礉 [U+7909] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 礋 → [U+790B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

礊 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十水一口 (JEMR), composition ⿱𣪠石)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 837, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24509
* Dae Jaweon: page 1254, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2458, character 14
* Unihan data for U+790A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 繫 | *keːɡs, *ɡeːɡs |
| 檕 | *keːɡs, *kʰeː |
| 轚 | *keːɡs, *keːɡ |
| 蘻 | *keːɡs |
| 罊 | *kʰeːɡs, *kʰreːɡ |
| 蟿 | *kʰeːɡs, *kʰiɡs |
| 礊 | *kʰreːɡ, *kʰreːɡ, *qʰʷreːɡ |
| 擊 | *keːɡ |
| 墼 | *keːɡ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kè (ke$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kè
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kè
*** Wade–Giles: kʻo$^4$
*** Yale: kè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keh
*** Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɤ⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: khaek
Rime :
| Character | 礊 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (113) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 苦格切 |
| Baxter | khaek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰˠæk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰᵚak̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰak̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰaɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɐk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɐk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kʰɐk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ke |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰreːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 礊 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 5629 |
| Phonetic component | 毄 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 客 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰreːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

礊
* solid, hard

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huò (huo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huò
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huò
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^4$
*** Yale: hwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
*** Palladius: хо (xo)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: xweak
Rime :
| Character | 礊 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 麥 (120) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 呼麥切 |
| Baxter | xweak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠwɛk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hʷᵚæk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xuɐk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwəɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /xuɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /xwæk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xwæk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷreːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 礊 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 5635 |
| Phonetic component | 毄 |
| Rime group | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 剨 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰʷreːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

礊
* (onomatopoeia) sound of a whip