# 築

| 築 | U+7BC9, &#31689; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7BC9 |
| ← 篈 [U+7BC8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 篊 → [U+7BCA] |
| 築 | U+2F963, &#194915; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F963 |
| ← 篆 [U+2F962] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 䈧 → [U+2F964] |

## Translingual
### Han character

築 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹一弓木 (HMND), four-corner 8890$_4$, composition ⿱筑木)

#### Derived characters

* 𭣊, 𭬬

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 892, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26298
* Dae Jaweon: page 1320, character 28
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2998, character 4
* Unihan data for U+7BC9
* Unihan data for U+2F963

## Chinese

* 築

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 竺 | *tuːɡ, *tuːɡ, *tuɡ |
| 篤 | *tuːɡ |
| 竹 | *tuɡ |
| 筑 | *tuɡ, *duɡ |
| 築 | *tuɡ |
| 茿 | *tuɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuɡ) : phonetic 筑 (OC *tuɡ, *duɡ) + semantic 木 (“wood”).

### Etymology

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsuk ~ tsik (“to build”); cognate with Tibetan རྩིག (rtsig, “to build”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔtsukᴴ (“to build”) (whence Burmese ဆောက် (hcauk, “to build”)).
On the other hand, Schuessler (2007) derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *truk, whence also Tibetan རྡུག (rdug, “to conquer; to vanquish”) and Burmese တိုက် (tuik, “to dash against; to bump against”). STEDT derives the Tibetan word from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m/r-tuk (“cut; knock; pound”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhù, zhú
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ, ㄓㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chuk
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zug$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dé̤ṳk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiok / tio̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dog$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^4$
*** Yale: jù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhú
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhú
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^2$
*** Yale: jú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwu
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zuk$^1$
*** Yale: jūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: zug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡suk̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʊk̚¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dé̤ṳk
*** Sinological IPA : /tøyʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiok
*** Tâi-lô: tiok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diog
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tiɔk̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diok
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɔk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tok
*** Sinological IPA : /tok̚²/
* Middle Chinese: trjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 築 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 張六切 |
| Baxter | trjuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈiuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈuwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶiuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭuk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zuk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*truk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tuɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 築 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trjuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*truk/ |
| English | pound earth, build |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 築 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17591 |
| Phonetic component | 竹 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 竹 |
| Old Chinese | /*tuɡ/ |
| Notes | 說文築聲 |

### Definitions

築
* (literary) wooden pestle for pounding dirt
* (literary) to pound soil to make it firm; to ram earth
* to build; to construct
* (literary, or in compounds) house; building
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (to build):
* 修建 (xiūjiàn)
* 修築／修筑 (xiūzhù)
* 塑建 (sùjiàn)
* 建構／建构 (jiàngòu) (something abstract)
* 建築／建筑 (jiànzhù) (literally or figuratively)
* 建設／建设 (jiànshè)
* 建造 (jiànzào)
* 搭 (Hokkien)
* 搭建 (dājiàn)
* 搭蓋／搭盖 (dāgài) (a temporary structure)
* 搭設／搭设 (dāshè)
* 架構／架构 (jiàgòu)
* 構作／构作 (gòuzuò)
* 構建／构建 (gòujiàn) (something abstract)
* 構築／构筑 (gòuzhù)
* 構造／构造 (gòuzào)
* 營造／营造 (yíngzào)
* 版築／版筑 (bǎnzhù) (literary)
* 築造／筑造 (zhùzào)
* 興修／兴修 (xīngxiū) (a large project)
* 興建／兴建 (xīngjiàn)
* 興築／兴筑 (xīngzhù) (literary)
* 起立 (qǐlì)

### Compounds

* 修築／修筑 (xiūzhù)
* 傅說版築／傅说版筑
* 債臺高築／债台高筑 (zhàitáigāozhù)
* 卜築／卜筑
* 夯土建築／夯土建筑
* 小築／小筑
* 希臘建築／希腊建筑
* 建築／建筑 (jiànzhù)
* 建築執照／建筑执照
* 建築學／建筑学 (jiànzhùxué)
* 建築工程／建筑工程
* 建築師／建筑师 (jiànzhùshī)
* 建築材料／建筑材料 (jiànzhù cáiliào)
* 建築業／建筑业 (jiànzhùyè)
* 建築法規／建筑法规
* 建築物／建筑物 (jiànzhùwù)
* 板築／板筑 (bǎnzhù)
* 構築／构筑 (gòuzhù)
* 燕昭築臺／燕昭筑台
* 版築／版筑 (bǎnzhù)
* 版築飯牛／版筑饭牛
* 現代建築／现代建筑
* 畚築／畚筑
* 砌塊建築／砌块建筑
* 築堤／筑堤 (zhùdī)
* 築壇／筑坛
* 築壇拜將／筑坛拜将
* 築室／筑室
* 築室反耕／筑室反耕
* 築室道謀／筑室道谋
* 築巢／筑巢 (zhùcháo)
* 築底巷／筑底巷
* 築磕／筑磕
* 築築磕磕／筑筑磕磕
* 築路／筑路 (zhùlù)
* 羅馬建築／罗马建筑
* 興築／兴筑 (xīngzhù)
* 違章建築／违章建筑
* 闢築／辟筑

### References

* “築”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* fabricate

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちく (chiku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ちく (chiku, Jōyō)
* Kun: きずく (kizuku, 築く, Jōyō)、つく (tsuku, 築く)
* Nanori: つい (tsui)、つき (tsuki)、つく (tsuku)、づき (zuki)

## Korean
### Hanja

築 (eumhun 쌓을 축 (ssa'eul chuk))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

築: Hán Nôm readings: trốc, trúc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.