# 浮雲
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fúyún
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄩㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fau$^4$ wan$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phû-hûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pu$^5$ hung$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fúyún
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄩㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fúyún
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^2$-yün$^2$
*** Yale: fú-yún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwuyun
*** Palladius: фуюнь (fujunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu³⁵ yn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fau$^4$ wan$^4$
*** Yale: fàuh wàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fau$^4$ wan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: feo$^4$ wen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐu̯²¹ wɐn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phû-hûn
*** Tâi-lô: phû-hûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phu'huun
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰu²⁴⁻²² hun²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰu²⁴⁻²² hun²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰu¹³⁻²² hun¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ hun²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰu²³⁻³³ hun²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pu$^5$ hung$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phû hûng
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: bjuw hjun
Rime :
| Character | 浮 | 雲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 縛謀切 | 王分切 |
| Baxter | bjuw | hjun |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨu/ | /ɦɨun/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biu/ | /ɦiun/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biəu/ | /ɣiuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buw/ | /ɦun/ |
| Li Rong | /biu/ | /ɣiuən/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭəu/ | /ɣĭuən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱi̯ə̯u/ | /i̯uən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fóu | yún |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fau$^4$ | wan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m.b(r)u [ɢ]ʷə[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*bu ɢun/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 浮 | 雲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fú | yún |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjuw › | ‹ hjun › |
| Old Chinese | /*m.b(r)u/ | /*[ɢ]ʷə[n]/ |
| English | float (v.) | cloud |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 浮 | 雲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3346 | 16358 |
| Phonetic component | 孚 | 云 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 浮 | 雲 |
| Old Chinese | /*bu/ | /*ɢun/ |

### Noun

浮雲
* (literary) floating cloud(s)
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Bùyì ér fù qiě guì, yú wǒ rú fúyún. [Pinyin]
    Riches and honours acquired by unrighteousness, are to me as a floating cloud.
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Shàng jué fúyún, xià jué dìjì. [Pinyin]
    Above, (the sword) cleaves the floating clouds; and below, it penetrates to every division of the earth.
* (literary or Mainland China slang, figurative) something not worth cherishing; unimportant matter
    神馬都是浮雲／神马都是浮云 ― shénmǎ dōu shì fúyún ― everything is nothing
* (literary, figurative) passing time
* (literary, figurative) evil and crafty minister
* (literary, figurative) life of a vagrant
* (literary, figurative, calligraphy) lively, flowing brushwork

#### Derived terms

* 富貴如浮雲／富贵如浮云
* 富貴浮雲／富贵浮云
* 決浮雲／决浮云
* 浮雲富貴／浮云富贵
* 浮雲朝露／浮云朝露
* 浮雲翳日／浮云翳日
* 浮雲蔽日／浮云蔽日
* 浮雲遊子／浮云游子
* 浮雲驚龍／浮云惊龙
* 神馬都是浮雲／神马都是浮云 (shénmǎ dōu shì fúyún)
* 過眼浮雲／过眼浮云

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 浮雲(ふうん) (fuun)
* → Korean: 부운(浮雲) (buun)
* → Vietnamese: phù vân (浮雲)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 浮 | 雲 |
| うき Grade: S | くも > ぐも Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
Shift from older ukikumo, itself a compound of 浮(う)き (uki, “floating”) + 雲(くも) (kumo, “cloud”). The kumo changes to gumo as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Alternative forms

* 浮き雲

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うきぐも [ùkígúmó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɯ̟kʲiɡɯ̟mo̞]

#### Noun

浮(うき)雲(ぐも) • (ukigumo)
* a drifting or floating cloud

#### Proverb

浮(うき)雲(ぐも) • (ukigumo)
* instability

#### Proper noun

浮(うき)雲(ぐも) • (Ukigumo)
* a novel by Futabatei Shimei (see The Drifting Cloud on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
* a novel by Fumiko Hayashi

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 浮 | 雲 |
| ふ Grade: S | うん Grade: 2 |
| kan'yōon | on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese compound 浮雲 (MC bjuw hjun).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふうん [fùúń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟̃ːɴ]

#### Noun

浮(ふ)雲(うん) • (fuun)
* a drifting or floating cloud

#### Proverb

浮(ふ)雲(うん) • (fuun)
* instability

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN