# culter
## English
### Noun

culter (plural culters)
* Obsolete form of colter.

### References

* “culter”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* Cutler, Lucret, cutler, reluct

## Latin
### Etymology

Uncertain. Explanations include:
* From a formation equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *(s)kolh₂$_/$₃-trom, from the root *(s)kelH- (“to cut”).
* From the root *(s)ker- (“to shear, cut off”) to a preform *kor-tro- which has undergone dissimilation */rtr/ > /ltr/.
Both of the above etymologies assume a change in the suffix *-trom (and in gender), which otherwise would yield Latin *-trum.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkul.ter/, [ˈkʊɫ̪t̪ɛr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkul.ter/, [ˈkul̪t̪er]

### Noun

culter m (genitive cultrī); second declension
* knife
    Synonym: novācula
* razor

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -er).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | culter | cultrī |
| Genitive | cultrī | cultrōrum |
| Dative | cultrō | cultrīs |
| Accusative | cultrum | cultrōs |
| Ablative | cultrō | cultrīs |
| Vocative | culter | cultrī |

#### Derived terms

* cultellus

#### Descendants

* Old French: coltre, coutre
** French: coutre
* Italian: coltro, cultro
* Portuguese: cultro
* Catalan: coltell
* Spanish: cuitre
* ⇒ Esperanto: koltro
* → Old Welsh: cultir
** Middle Welsh: culldyr, kulldyr
*** Welsh: cwlltr, cwlltwr
* → Proto-West Germanic:
** Old English: culter, cultor, cultur
*** Middle English: culter, colter, coltre, coltur, coulter, cultir, cultour, cultre, cultur, culture, koltre, kulter
**** English: colter, coulter (obsolete culter)
**** Scots: couter, cooter
** Middle Dutch: couter
*** Dutch: kouter
** Middle Low German: kolter
*** → German: Kolter

### References

* “culter”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “culter”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* culter in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to plunge a dagger, knife in some one's heart: sicam, cultrum in corde alicuius defigere (Liv. 1. 58)
* “culter”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “culter”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* New Latin Grammar, Allen and Greenough,1903.
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “culter, -trī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 151

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* colter, coltre, coltur, coulter, cultir, cultour, cultre, cultur, culture, koltre, kulter

### Etymology

Inherited from Old English culter, from Latin culter, of unclear origin. Forms with final /ə/ may be due to influence from Old French coutre or due to an Old English ō-stem by-form.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkultər/, /ˈkultrə/

### Noun

culter (plural cultres)
* A coulter (of a plow)
* (rare) A knife or dagger.

#### Descendants

* English: colter, coulter (obsolete culter)
* Scots: couter, cooter

#### References

* “culter, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* cultor, cultur

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin culter, of unclear origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkul.ter/, [ˈkuɫ.ter]

### Noun

culter ?
* A coulter (of a plow)
* (rare) A dagger.

#### Descendants

* Middle English: culter, colter, coltre, coltur, coulter, cultir, cultour, cultre, cultur, culture, koltre, kulter
** English: colter, coulter (obsolete culter)
** Scots: couter, cooter

#### References

* Angus Cameron, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette diPaolo Healey, editors (2018), “culter”, in Dictionary of Old English: A to I ⁠‎, Toronto: University of Toronto, →OCLC.