# esmolar
## Catalan
### Etymology

From es- +‎ mola (“grindstone, millstone”) +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [əz.muˈla]
* IPA: (Balearic) [əz.moˈla]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ez.moˈlaɾ]

### Verb

esmolar (first-person singular present esmolo, first-person singular preterite esmolí, past participle esmolat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /ɔ/
* (transitive, also figurative) to sharpen, to hone
    Synonym: afilar
** 1934, Joan Puig i Ferreter, Camins de França:La realitat t'ha portat entremig de moltes menes d'homes, t'ha fet conèixer diversos oficis, t'ha ensenyat de rumiar, d'esmolar l'enginy, ha multiplicat la teva astúcia i la teva força, i amb tot això no t'has alliberat de fer coneixença amb el fred i la fam.Reality has brought you among many types of men, it has acquainted you with different trades, it has taught you to ponder, to hone your wits, it has increased your cunning and your strength, and with all that you haven't set yourself free from getting to know cold and hunger.

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | esmolar | esmolar | esmolar | esmolar | esmolar |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | esmolant | esmolant | esmolant | esmolant | esmolant |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | esmolat | esmolat | esmolada | esmolada |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | esmolats | esmolats | esmolades | esmolades |
| person | person | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| person | person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| indicative | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| indicative | present | esmolo | esmoles | esmola | esmolem | esmoleu | esmolen |
| indicative | imperfect | esmolava | esmolaves | esmolava | esmolàvem | esmolàveu | esmolaven |
| indicative | future | esmolaré | esmolaràs | esmolarà | esmolarem | esmolareu | esmolaran |
| indicative | preterite | esmolí | esmolares | esmolà | esmolàrem | esmolàreu | esmolaren |
| indicative | conditional | esmolaria | esmolaries | esmolaria | esmolaríem | esmolaríeu | esmolarien |
| subjunctive | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| subjunctive | present | esmoli | esmolis | esmoli | esmolem | esmoleu | esmolin |
| subjunctive | imperfect | esmolés | esmolessis | esmolés | esmoléssim | esmoléssiu | esmolessin |
| imperative | | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès |
| imperative | affirmative | — | esmola | esmoli | esmolem | esmoleu | esmolin |
| imperative | negative (no) | — | no esmolis | no esmoli | no esmolem | no esmoleu | no esmolin |

#### Derived terms

* esmolador
* esmolat
* pedra d'esmolar

### Further reading

* “esmolar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From esmola +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /iz.moˈla(ʁ)/ [iz.moˈla(h)], /ez.moˈla(ʁ)/ [ez.moˈla(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /iz.moˈla(ʁ)/ [iz.moˈla(h)], /ez.moˈla(ʁ)/ [ez.moˈla(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /iz.moˈla(ɾ)/, /ez.moˈla(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʒ.moˈla(ʁ)/ [iʒ.moˈla(χ)], /eʒ.moˈla(ʁ)/ [eʒ.moˈla(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ez.moˈla(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʒ.muˈlaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʒ.muˈlaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʒ.muˈla.ɾi/

### Verb

esmolar (first-person singular present esmolo, first-person singular preterite esmolei, past participle esmolado) (transitive or intransitive)
* to give as alms, to donate
* to ask as alms, to beg

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

### References

* “esmolar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
* “esmolar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024