# 憶

| 憶 | U+61B6, &#25014; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61B6 |
| ← 憵 [U+61B5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 憷 → [U+61B7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

憶 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 心卜廿心 (PYTP), four-corner 9003$_6$, composition ⿰忄意)

#### Derived characters

* 𬟔

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 404, character 33
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11295
* Dae Jaweon: page 744, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2362, character 13
* Unihan data for U+61B6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 噫 | *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ |
| 譩 | *qɯ, *qɯʔ, *qɯl |
| 醷 | *qɯʔ, *qɯɡ |
| 意 | *qɯɡs |
| 鷾 | *qɯɡs |
| 憶 | *qɯɡ |
| 億 | *qɯɡ |
| 臆 | *qɯɡ |
| 繶 | *qɯɡ |
| 澺 | *qɯɡ |
| 薏 | *qɯɡ |
| 檍 | *qɯɡ |
| 癔 | *qɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯɡ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs, “thought”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yì (yi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jik$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yid$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): i̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): é
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): it / ek / iak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): êg$^8$ / êg$^4$ / i$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$i
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yì
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yì
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$
*** Yale: yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jik$^1$
*** Yale: yīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi
*** Hakka Romanization System: i
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /i⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)i
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /it̚¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: i̿
*** Sinological IPA : /i³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: é
*** Sinological IPA : /ɛi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: it
*** Tâi-lô: it
*** Phofsit Daibuun: id
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /it̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /it̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
*** Tâi-lô: ik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: eg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
*** Tâi-lô: iak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iag
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /iak̚⁵/
* it - vernacular;
* ek/iak - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit憶 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /i⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /i⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /i⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /i²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /i⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /i³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /i⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ji²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /i¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /i¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /i²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /i³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /i¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /i²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /i²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /i⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /zz̩⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /iəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /i³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /i⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /i³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /i⁵¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔi⁴⁴⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /j̠i⁴²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /i³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /i¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /i⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /i⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /i⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /it̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʒï⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jek̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jek̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jek̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ik̚³²/ /it̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ɛiʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /i³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ek̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /it̚⁵/ /i⁵⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: 'ik
Rime :
| Character | 憶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於力切 |
| Baxter | 'ik |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)ək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 憶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔik › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔ(r)ək/ |
| English | remember |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 憶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15156 |
| Phonetic component | 意 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 憶 |
| Old Chinese | /*qɯɡ/ |

### Definitions

憶
* to recall; to recollect; to think back; to remember
    回憶／回忆 ― huíyì ― to reminisce
* to bear in mind; to memorize; to remember
    記憶／记忆 ― jìyì ― to remember
* memory
    回憶／回忆 ― huíyì ― memory

#### Synonyms

* (to recall):
* 回味 (huíwèi) (to recall something and ponder it)
* 回念 (huíniàn)
* 回想 (huíxiǎng)
* 回憶／回忆 (huíyì)
* 回溯 (huísù)
* 回顧／回顾 (huígù)
* 回首 (huíshǒu)
* 思古 (sīgǔ) (literary, to be nostalgic for antiquity)
* 感念 (gǎnniàn) (to recall fondly)
* 感懷／感怀 (gǎnhuái) (to recall with emotion)
* 想起 (xiǎngqǐ)
* 憶想／忆想 (yìxiǎng)
* 懷古／怀古 (huáigǔ) (literary, to be nostalgic for antiquity)
* 浮想 (fúxiǎng)
* 留戀／留恋 (liúliàn) (to recall with nostalgia)
* 緬想／缅想 (miǎnxiǎng)
* 緬懷／缅怀 (miǎnhuái) (to cherish the memory of, especially the deceased)
* 記／记 (jì)
* 記得／记得 (jìde)
* 記憶／记忆 (jìyì)
* 記起／记起 (jìqǐ)
* 諗起／谂起 (nam$^2$ hei$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 追 (literary, or in compounds)
* 追念 (zhuīniàn)
* 追思 (zhuīsī) (especially the deceased)
* 追想 (zhuīxiǎng)
* 追憶／追忆 (zhuīyì)
* 追懷／追怀 (zhuīhuái)
* 遙想／遥想 (yáoxiǎng)

### Compounds

* 主記憶體／主记忆体
* 回憶／回忆 (huíyì)
* 回憶錄／回忆录 (huíyìlù)
* 失憶症／失忆症 (shīyìzhèng)
* 愊憶／愊忆
* 憂憶／忧忆
* 憶念／忆念
* 緬憶／缅忆
* 苦憶／苦忆
* 行思坐憶／行思坐忆
* 記憶／记忆 (jìyì)
* 記憶力／记忆力 (jìyìlì)
* 記憶單元／记忆单元
* 記憶容量／记忆容量
* 記憶猶新／记忆犹新 (jìyìyóuxīn)
* 記憶體／记忆体 (jìyìtǐ)
* 追憶／追忆 (zhuīyì)
* 遙憶／遥忆
* 陶庵夢憶／陶庵梦忆

### References

* “憶”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 憶 |
| Kyūjitai | 憶󠄂 憶+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to think, to consider, to believe

#### Readings

* Go-on: おく (oku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: よく (yoku)
* Kun: おぼえる (oboeru, 憶える)、おもう (omou, 憶う)
* Nanori: ぞう (zō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 憶
* おく Grade: S
* goon
From Middle Chinese 憶 (MC 'ik).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞kɯ̟]

### Affix

憶(おく) • (oku)
* to recall; to remember
* to guess; to conjecture

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 901 (paper), page 500 (digital)

## Korean
### Hanja

憶 • (eok) (hangeul 억, revised eok, McCune–Reischauer ŏk, Yale ek)
* remember
* reflect upon
* memory

## Vietnamese
### Han character

憶: Hán Nôm readings: ức
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Zhuang
### Noun

憶
* Sawndip form of aek (“chest; breast; thorax”)