# swaca
## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /swaːǀa/

### Verb

-swaca
* (intransitive) to frown

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuswaca |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuswaca | ukungaswaci |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | swaca | -swace |
| Plural | swacani | -swaceni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaswaca, ngiswaca | engiswacayo, engiswaca | ngiswaca | angiswaci | engingaswaci | ngingaswaci |
| 2nd singular | uyaswaca, uswaca | oswacayo, oswaca | uswaca | awuswaci | ongaswaci | ungaswaci |
| 1st plural | siyaswaca, siswaca | esiswacayo, esiswaca | siswaca | asiswaci | esingaswaci | singaswaci |
| 2nd plural | niyaswaca, niswaca | eniswacayo, eniswaca | niswaca | aniswaci | eningaswaci | ningaswaci |
| Class 1 | uyaswaca, uswaca | oswacayo, oswaca | eswaca | akaswaci | ongaswaci | engaswaci |
| Class 2 | bayaswaca, baswaca | abaswacayo, abaswaca | beswaca | abaswaci | abangaswaci | bengaswaci |
| Class 3 | uyaswaca, uswaca | oswacayo, oswaca | uswaca | awuswaci | ongaswaci | ungaswaci |
| Class 4 | iyaswaca, iswaca | eswacayo, eswaca | iswaca | ayiswaci | engaswaci | ingaswaci |
| Class 5 | liyaswaca, liswaca | eliswacayo, eliswaca | liswaca | aliswaci | elingaswaci | lingaswaci |
| Class 6 | ayaswaca, aswaca | aswacayo, aswaca | eswaca | awaswaci | angaswaci | engaswaci |
| Class 7 | siyaswaca, siswaca | esiswacayo, esiswaca | siswaca | asiswaci | esingaswaci | singaswaci |
| Class 8 | ziyaswaca, ziswaca | eziswacayo, eziswaca | ziswaca | aziswaci | ezingaswaci | zingaswaci |
| Class 9 | iyaswaca, iswaca | eswacayo, eswaca | iswaca | ayiswaci | engaswaci | ingaswaci |
| Class 10 | ziyaswaca, ziswaca | eziswacayo, eziswaca | ziswaca | aziswaci | ezingaswaci | zingaswaci |
| Class 11 | luyaswaca, luswaca | oluswacayo, oluswaca | luswaca | aluswaci | olungaswaci | lungaswaci |
| Class 14 | buyaswaca, buswaca | obuswacayo, obuswaca | buswaca | abuswaci | obungaswaci | bungaswaci |
| Class 15 | kuyaswaca, kuswaca | okuswacayo, okuswaca | kuswaca | akuswaci | okungaswaci | kungaswaci |
| Class 17 | kuyaswaca, kuswaca | okuswacayo, okuswaca | kuswaca | akuswaci | okungaswaci | kungaswaci |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiswacile, ngiswacē | engiswacile, engiswacē | ngiswacile, ngiswacē | angiswacanga | engingaswacanga | ngingaswacanga |
| 2nd singular | uswacile, uswacē | oswacile, oswacē | uswacile, uswacē | awuswacanga | ongaswacanga | ungaswacanga |
| 1st plural | siswacile, siswacē | esiswacile, esiswacē | siswacile, siswacē | asiswacanga | esingaswacanga | singaswacanga |
| 2nd plural | niswacile, niswacē | eniswacile, eniswacē | niswacile, niswacē | aniswacanga | eningaswacanga | ningaswacanga |
| Class 1 | uswacile, uswacē | oswacile, oswacē | eswacile, eswacē | akaswacanga | ongaswacanga | engaswacanga |
| Class 2 | baswacile, baswacē | abaswacile, abaswacē | beswacile, beswacē | abaswacanga | abangaswacanga | bengaswacanga |
| Class 3 | uswacile, uswacē | oswacile, oswacē | uswacile, uswacē | awuswacanga | ongaswacanga | ungaswacanga |
| Class 4 | iswacile, iswacē | eswacile, eswacē | iswacile, iswacē | ayiswacanga | engaswacanga | ingaswacanga |
| Class 5 | liswacile, liswacē | eliswacile, eliswacē | liswacile, liswacē | aliswacanga | elingaswacanga | lingaswacanga |
| Class 6 | aswacile, aswacē | aswacile, aswacē | eswacile, eswacē | awaswacanga | angaswacanga | engaswacanga |
| Class 7 | siswacile, siswacē | esiswacile, esiswacē | siswacile, siswacē | asiswacanga | esingaswacanga | singaswacanga |
| Class 8 | ziswacile, ziswacē | eziswacile, eziswacē | ziswacile, ziswacē | aziswacanga | ezingaswacanga | zingaswacanga |
| Class 9 | iswacile, iswacē | eswacile, eswacē | iswacile, iswacē | ayiswacanga | engaswacanga | ingaswacanga |
| Class 10 | ziswacile, ziswacē | eziswacile, eziswacē | ziswacile, ziswacē | aziswacanga | ezingaswacanga | zingaswacanga |
| Class 11 | luswacile, luswacē | oluswacile, oluswacē | luswacile, luswacē | aluswacanga | olungaswacanga | lungaswacanga |
| Class 14 | buswacile, buswacē | obuswacile, obuswacē | buswacile, buswacē | abuswacanga | obungaswacanga | bungaswacanga |
| Class 15 | kuswacile, kuswacē | okuswacile, okuswacē | kuswacile, kuswacē | akuswacanga | okungaswacanga | kungaswacanga |
| Class 17 | kuswacile, kuswacē | okuswacile, okuswacē | kuswacile, kuswacē | akuswacanga | okungaswacanga | kungaswacanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāswaca | engāswaca | ngāswaca | angiswacanga | engingaswacanga | ngingaswacanga |
| 2nd singular | wāswaca | owāswaca | wāswaca | awuswacanga | ongaswacanga | ungaswacanga |
| 1st plural | sāswaca | esāswaca | sāswaca | asiswacanga | esingaswacanga | singaswacanga |
| 2nd plural | nāswaca | enāswaca | nāswaca | aniswacanga | eningaswacanga | ningaswacanga |
| Class 1 | wāswaca | owāswaca | āswaca | akaswacanga | ongaswacanga | engaswacanga |
| Class 2 | bāswaca | abāswaca | bāswaca | abaswacanga | abangaswacanga | bengaswacanga |
| Class 3 | wāswaca | owāswaca | wāswaca | awuswacanga | ongaswacanga | ungaswacanga |
| Class 4 | yāswaca | eyāswaca | yāswaca | ayiswacanga | engaswacanga | ingaswacanga |
| Class 5 | lāswaca | elāswaca | lāswaca | aliswacanga | elingaswacanga | lingaswacanga |
| Class 6 | āswaca | āswaca | āswaca | awaswacanga | angaswacanga | engaswacanga |
| Class 7 | sāswaca | esāswaca | sāswaca | asiswacanga | esingaswacanga | singaswacanga |
| Class 8 | zāswaca | ezāswaca | zāswaca | aziswacanga | ezingaswacanga | zingaswacanga |
| Class 9 | yāswaca | eyāswaca | yāswaca | ayiswacanga | engaswacanga | ingaswacanga |
| Class 10 | zāswaca | ezāswaca | zāswaca | aziswacanga | ezingaswacanga | zingaswacanga |
| Class 11 | lwāswaca | olwāswaca | lwāswaca | aluswacanga | olungaswacanga | lungaswacanga |
| Class 14 | bāswaca | obāswaca | bāswaca | abuswacanga | obungaswacanga | bungaswacanga |
| Class 15 | kwāswaca | okwāswaca | kwāswaca | akuswacanga | okungaswacanga | kungaswacanga |
| Class 17 | kwāswaca | okwāswaca | kwāswaca | akuswacanga | okungaswacanga | kungaswacanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaswaca | — | ngingaswaca | ngingeswace | — | ngingeswace |
| 2nd singular | ungaswaca | — | ungaswaca | ungeswace | — | ungeswace |
| 1st plural | singaswaca | — | singaswaca | singeswace | — | singeswace |
| 2nd plural | ningaswaca | — | ningaswaca | ningeswace | — | ningeswace |
| Class 1 | angaswaca | — | engaswaca | angeswace | — | engeswace |
| Class 2 | bangaswaca | — | bengaswaca | bangeswace | — | bengeswace |
| Class 3 | ungaswaca | — | ungaswaca | ungeswace | — | ungeswace |
| Class 4 | ingaswaca | — | ingaswaca | ingeswace | — | ingeswace |
| Class 5 | lingaswaca | — | lingaswaca | lingeswace | — | lingeswace |
| Class 6 | angaswaca | — | engaswaca | angeswace | — | engeswace |
| Class 7 | singaswaca | — | singaswaca | singeswace | — | singeswace |
| Class 8 | zingaswaca | — | zingaswaca | zingeswace | — | zingeswace |
| Class 9 | ingaswaca | — | ingaswaca | ingeswace | — | ingeswace |
| Class 10 | zingaswaca | — | zingaswaca | zingeswace | — | zingeswace |
| Class 11 | lungaswaca | — | lungaswaca | lungeswace | — | lungeswace |
| Class 14 | bungaswaca | — | bungaswaca | bungeswace | — | bungeswace |
| Class 15 | kungaswaca | — | kungaswaca | kungeswace | — | kungeswace |
| Class 17 | kungaswaca | — | kungaswaca | kungeswace | — | kungeswace |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoswaca | engizoswaca | ngizoswaca | angizuswaca | engingezuswaca | ngingezuswaca |
| 2nd singular | uzoswaca | ozoswaca | uzoswaca | awuzuswaca | ongezuswaca | ungezuswaca |
| 1st plural | sizoswaca | esizoswaca | sizoswaca | asizuswaca | esingezuswaca | singezuswaca |
| 2nd plural | nizoswaca | enizoswaca | nizoswaca | anizuswaca | eningezuswaca | ningezuswaca |
| Class 1 | uzoswaca | ozoswaca | ezoswaca | akazuswaca | ongezuswaca | engezuswaca |
| Class 2 | bazoswaca | abazoswaca | bezoswaca | abazuswaca | abangezuswaca | bengezuswaca |
| Class 3 | uzoswaca | ozoswaca | uzoswaca | awuzuswaca | ongezuswaca | ungezuswaca |
| Class 4 | izoswaca | ezoswaca | izoswaca | ayizuswaca | engezuswaca | ingezuswaca |
| Class 5 | lizoswaca | elizoswaca | lizoswaca | alizuswaca | elingezuswaca | lingezuswaca |
| Class 6 | azoswaca | azoswaca | ezoswaca | awazuswaca | angezuswaca | engezuswaca |
| Class 7 | sizoswaca | esizoswaca | sizoswaca | asizuswaca | esingezuswaca | singezuswaca |
| Class 8 | zizoswaca | ezizoswaca | zizoswaca | azizuswaca | ezingezuswaca | zingezuswaca |
| Class 9 | izoswaca | ezoswaca | izoswaca | ayizuswaca | engezuswaca | ingezuswaca |
| Class 10 | zizoswaca | ezizoswaca | zizoswaca | azizuswaca | ezingezuswaca | zingezuswaca |
| Class 11 | luzoswaca | oluzoswaca | luzoswaca | aluzuswaca | olungezuswaca | lungezuswaca |
| Class 14 | buzoswaca | obuzoswaca | buzoswaca | abuzuswaca | obungezuswaca | bungezuswaca |
| Class 15 | kuzoswaca | okuzoswaca | kuzoswaca | akuzuswaca | okungezuswaca | kungezuswaca |
| Class 17 | kuzoswaca | okuzoswaca | kuzoswaca | akuzuswaca | okungezuswaca | kungezuswaca |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoswaca | engiyoswaca | ngiyoswaca | angiyuswaca | engingeyuswaca | ngingeyuswaca |
| 2nd singular | uyoswaca | oyoswaca | uyoswaca | awuyuswaca | ongeyuswaca | ungeyuswaca |
| 1st plural | siyoswaca | esiyoswaca | siyoswaca | asiyuswaca | esingeyuswaca | singeyuswaca |
| 2nd plural | niyoswaca | eniyoswaca | niyoswaca | aniyuswaca | eningeyuswaca | ningeyuswaca |
| Class 1 | uyoswaca | oyoswaca | eyoswaca | akayuswaca | ongeyuswaca | engeyuswaca |
| Class 2 | bayoswaca | abayoswaca | beyoswaca | abayuswaca | abangeyuswaca | bengeyuswaca |
| Class 3 | uyoswaca | oyoswaca | uyoswaca | awuyuswaca | ongeyuswaca | ungeyuswaca |
| Class 4 | iyoswaca | eyoswaca | iyoswaca | ayiyuswaca | engeyuswaca | ingeyuswaca |
| Class 5 | liyoswaca | eliyoswaca | liyoswaca | aliyuswaca | elingeyuswaca | lingeyuswaca |
| Class 6 | ayoswaca | ayoswaca | eyoswaca | awayuswaca | angeyuswaca | engeyuswaca |
| Class 7 | siyoswaca | esiyoswaca | siyoswaca | asiyuswaca | esingeyuswaca | singeyuswaca |
| Class 8 | ziyoswaca | eziyoswaca | ziyoswaca | aziyuswaca | ezingeyuswaca | zingeyuswaca |
| Class 9 | iyoswaca | eyoswaca | iyoswaca | ayiyuswaca | engeyuswaca | ingeyuswaca |
| Class 10 | ziyoswaca | eziyoswaca | ziyoswaca | aziyuswaca | ezingeyuswaca | zingeyuswaca |
| Class 11 | luyoswaca | oluyoswaca | luyoswaca | aluyuswaca | olungeyuswaca | lungeyuswaca |
| Class 14 | buyoswaca | obuyoswaca | buyoswaca | abuyuswaca | obungeyuswaca | bungeyuswaca |
| Class 15 | kuyoswaca | okuyoswaca | kuyoswaca | akuyuswaca | okungeyuswaca | kungeyuswaca |
| Class 17 | kuyoswaca | okuyoswaca | kuyoswaca | akuyuswaca | okungeyuswaca | kungeyuswaca |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiswace | ngingaswaci |
| 2nd singular | uswace | ungaswaci |
| 1st plural | siswace | singaswaci |
| 2nd plural | niswace | ningaswaci |
| Class 1 | aswace | angaswaci |
| Class 2 | baswace | bangaswaci |
| Class 3 | uswace | ungaswaci |
| Class 4 | iswace | ingaswaci |
| Class 5 | liswace | lingaswaci |
| Class 6 | aswace | angaswaci |
| Class 7 | siswace | singaswaci |
| Class 8 | ziswace | zingaswaci |
| Class 9 | iswace | ingaswaci |
| Class 10 | ziswace | zingaswaci |
| Class 11 | luswace | lungaswaci |
| Class 14 | buswace | bungaswaci |
| Class 15 | kuswace | kungaswaci |
| Class 17 | kuswace | kungaswaci |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaswaca | ngangaswaca, angaswaca, angangaswaca |
| 2nd singular | waswaca | wangaswaca, awaswaca, awangaswaca |
| 1st plural | saswaca | sangaswaca, asaswaca, asangaswaca |
| 2nd plural | naswaca | nangaswaca, anaswaca, anangaswaca |
| Class 1 | waswaca | wangaswaca, akaswaca, akangaswaca |
| Class 2 | baswaca | bangaswaca, abaswaca, abangaswaca |
| Class 3 | waswaca | wangaswaca, awaswaca, awangaswaca |
| Class 4 | yaswaca | yangaswaca, ayaswaca, ayangaswaca |
| Class 5 | laswaca | langaswaca, alaswaca, alangaswaca |
| Class 6 | aswaca | angaswaca, awaswaca, awangaswaca |
| Class 7 | saswaca | sangaswaca, asaswaca, asangaswaca |
| Class 8 | zaswaca | zangaswaca, azaswaca, azangaswaca |
| Class 9 | yaswaca | yangaswaca, ayaswaca, ayangaswaca |
| Class 10 | zaswaca | zangaswaca, azaswaca, azangaswaca |
| Class 11 | lwaswaca | lwangaswaca, alwaswaca, alwangaswaca |
| Class 14 | baswaca | bangaswaca, abaswaca, abangaswaca |
| Class 15 | kwaswaca | kwangaswaca, akwaswaca, akwangaswaca |
| Class 17 | kwaswaca | kwangaswaca, akwaswaca, akwangaswaca |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “swaca”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “swaca (6.3)”