# 女王
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nǚwáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄩˇ ㄨㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): neoi$^5$ wong$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ńg-vòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lú-ông / lí-ông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): neng$^2$ uang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gniu-waon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nǚwáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄩˇ ㄨㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nyǔwáng
*** Wade–Giles: nü$^3$-wang$^2$
*** Yale: nyǔ-wáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neuwang
*** Palladius: нюйван (njujvan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: neoi$^5$ wong$^4$
*** Yale: néuih wòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: noey$^5$ wong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nêu$^5$ wong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɵy̯¹³ wɔːŋ²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$女王 女皇
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ńg-vòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: ng$^ˋ$ vong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ng$^3$ vong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋ̍³¹ voŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú-ông
*** Tâi-lô: lú-ông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lwoong
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí-ông
*** Tâi-lô: lí-ông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lyoong
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: neng$^2$ uang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nṳ́ng uâng
*** Sinological IPA : /nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ uaŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gniu-waon
*** MiniDict: nyu$^去$ waon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyy-hhuaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲy²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: nrjoX hjwang
Rime :
| Character | 女 | 王 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 尼吕切 | 雨方切 |
| Baxter | nrjoX | hjwang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳɨʌ$^X$/ | /ɦʉɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳiɔ$^X$/ | /ɦʷiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /niɔ$^X$/ | /ɣiuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳɨə̆$^X$/ | /ɦuaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /niɔ$^X$/ | /ɣiuaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /nĭo$^X$/ | /ɣĭwaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ni̯wo$^X$/ | /iwaŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nǚ | wáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | neoi$^5$ | wong$^4$ |

### Noun

女王
* queen regnant; queen
    上帝保佑女王 ― Shàngdì bǎoyòu Nǚwáng ― God Bless the Queen
    From: Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3rd century CE
    Nán zhì Yémǎyī guó, nǚwáng zhī suǒdōu, shuǐxíng shírì, lùxíng yīyuè. [Pinyin]
    Then going toward the south, one arrives at the country of Yamatai, where a Queen holds her court. [This journey] takes ten days by water and one month by land.
* women who represents the dead person during a Ryukyuan rite

### Proper noun

女王
* An ancient state in Japan.

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 女 | 王 |
| じょ Grade: 1 | おう Grade: 1 |
| kan'on ||
(Can this etymology be sourced?) From Middle Chinese 女王 (nrjo$^X$ hjwang, literally “female + king”).
* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Were there that many queens regnant in ancient China that the need for this so-called "Middle Chinese compound" arose?”

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じょおー [jòóꜜò] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [d͡ʑo̞o̞ː]

#### Noun

女(じょ)王(おう) • (joō)
* (historical) a Japanese prince's unmarried daughter who is descended from the reigning emperor through no more than five generations ("princes" include 親王 (shinnō) or 王 (ō))
* a Japanese prince's unmarried daughter who is descended from the reigning emperor through no more than three generations (thus, the emperor's granddaughter or niece; "princes" only include 親王 (shinnō))
    典(のり)子(こ)女(じょ)王(おう)
       Noriko Jōu
       Princess Noriko
* a queen regnant
    善(ぜん)徳(とく)(女(じょ))王(おう)
       Zentoku (Jo) ō
       Queen Seondeok
    女(じょ)王(おう)エリザベス2(に)世(せい)
       Jōu Erizabesu Nisei
       Queen Elizabeth II
    アナと雪(ゆき)の女(じょ)王(おう)
       Ana to Yuki no Jōu
       Anna and the Snow Queen
    女(じょ)王(おう)様(さま)とお呼(よ)び！
       Jōusama to o yobi!
       (please add an English translation of this example)
* a queen (reproductive female animal in a hive)
    女王(じょおう)アリ
       joō ari
       a queen ant

##### See also

* 王(おう) (ō, male equivalent)
* 内(ない)親(しん)王(のう) (naishinnō, sister or daughter of the emperor)
* 王(おう)妃(ひ) (ōhi, “queen consort; princess consort”)
* 王(おう)女(じょ) (ōjo, “king's daughter”)
* 皇(おう)女(じょ) (ōjo); 皇(こう)女(じょ) (kōjo, “emperor's daughter”)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 女 | 王 |
| じょう Grade: 1 | おう Grade: 1 |
| irregular | on'yomi |
(Can this etymology be sourced?) Alteration of joō.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じょーおー [jòóóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [d͡ʑo̞ːo̞ː]

#### Noun

女(じょう)王(おう) • (jōō)
* a queen regnant

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 女 | 王 |
| にょ Grade: 1 | おう Grade: 1 |
| goon ||
(Can this etymology be sourced?) From Middle Chinese 女王 (nrjo$^X$ hjwang, literally “female + king”). (Can this etymology be sourced?) The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) にょおー [nyòóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ɲ̟o̞o̞ː]

#### Noun

女(にょ)王(おう) • (nyoō)
* a queen regnant

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 女 | 王 |

### Noun

女王 • (yeowang) (hangeul 여왕)
* hanja form of 여왕 (“queen regnant”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 女 | 王 |

### Noun

女王
* chữ Hán form of nữ vương (“queen regnant”).