# 切腹
## Chinese

* 切腹

### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 切腹(せっぷく) (seppuku).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiēfù
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄝ ㄈㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cit$^3$ fuk$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiat-pak
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiēfù
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝ ㄈㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciefù
*** Wade–Giles: chʻieh$^1$-fu$^4$
*** Yale: chyē-fù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiefuh
*** Palladius: цефу (cefu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cit$^3$ fuk$^1$
*** Yale: chit fūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsit$^8$ fuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qid$^3$ fug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːt̚³ fʊk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiat-pak
*** Tâi-lô: tshiat-pak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiatpag
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ pak̚³²/

### Verb

切⫽腹 (verb-object) (intransitive)
* to commit ritualized self-disembowelment; to commit ritualized suicide; to commit harakiri; to commit seppuku

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 切 | 腹 |
| せつ > せっ Grade: 2 | ふく > ぷく Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

切 (setsu, “to cut”) +‎ 腹 (fuku, “belly”)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せっぷく [sèppúkú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [se̞p̚pɯ̟̊kɯ̟]
* Homophones: 折伏, 説伏, 説服

### Noun

切(せっ)腹(ぷく) • (seppuku)
* seppuku (ritual suicide by disembowelment)
    Synonym: 腹切り (harakiri)
** 2004 September 8, Hideaki Sorachi, “第(だい)十(じゅう)七(なな)訓(くん)　酔(よ)ってなくても酔(よ)ったふりして上(じょう)司(し)のヅラ取(と)れ [Lesson 17: Even If You’re Not Drunk, Pretend to Be, and Snatch Your Boss’s Toupée]”, in 銀(ぎん)魂(たま) [Silver Soul], volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
    いけェェ　局(きょく)長(ちょう)ォ‼死(し)ねェ　副(ふく)長(ちょう)‼誰(だれ)だ今(いま)死(し)ねっつったの‼切(せっ)腹(ぷく)だコラァ‼
       Ikēe Kyokuchōo‼
       Gooo, Captain!
       Shinē Fukuchō‼
       Dieee, Vice-Captain!
       Dare da ima shinettsutta no‼ Seppuku da korā‼
       Who said die!? Seppuku, now!

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 切腹 (qiēfù)
* → Danish: seppuku
* → English: seppuku
* → Polish: seppuku
* → Portuguese: seppuku
* → Russian: сэппуку (sɛppuku)

### Verb

切(せっ)腹(ぷく)する • (seppuku suru) suru (stem 切(せっ)腹(ぷく)し (seppuku shi), past 切(せっ)腹(ぷく)した (seppuku shita))
* to commit seppuku

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 切腹し | せっぷくし | seppuku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 切腹し | せっぷくし | seppuku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 切腹する | せっぷくする | seppuku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 切腹する | せっぷくする | seppuku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 切腹すれ | せっぷくすれ | seppuku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 切腹せよ¹ 切腹しろ² | せっぷくせよ¹ せっぷくしろ² | seppuku seyo¹ seppuku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 切腹される | せっぷくされる | seppuku sareru |
| Causative | 切腹させる 切腹さす | せっぷくさせる せっぷくさす | seppuku saseru seppuku sasu |
| Potential | 切腹できる | せっぷくできる | seppuku dekiru |
| Volitional | 切腹しよう | せっぷくしよう | seppuku shiyō |
| Negative | 切腹しない | せっぷくしない | seppuku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 切腹せず | せっぷくせず | seppuku sezu |
| Formal | 切腹します | せっぷくします | seppuku shimasu |
| Perfective | 切腹した | せっぷくした | seppuku shita |
| Conjunctive | 切腹して | せっぷくして | seppuku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 切腹すれば | せっぷくすれば | seppuku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Synonyms

* 割(かっ)腹(ぷく) (kappuku)

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.