# 退化
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tuìhuà
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): teoi$^3$ faa$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thui-fa
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thèr-hòa / thè-hòa / thòe-hòa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): to$^3$ huê$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tuìhuà
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tuèihuà
*** Wade–Giles: tʻui$^4$-hua$^4$
*** Yale: twèi-hwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tueyhuah
*** Palladius: туйхуа (tujxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$蛻化／蜕化 退化
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: teoi$^3$ faa$^3$
*** Yale: teui fa
*** Cantonese Pinyin: toey$^3$ faa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: têu$^3$ fa$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɵy̯³³ faː³³/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$蛻化／蜕化 退化
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thui-fa
*** Hakka Romanization System: tui fa
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tui$^4$ fa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰu̯i⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thèr-hòa
*** Tâi-lô: thèr-huà
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thè-hòa
*** Tâi-lô: thè-huà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tea'hoax
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰe²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰe²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰe¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòe-hòa
*** Tâi-lô: thuè-huà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: toea'hoax
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰue¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰue²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: to$^3$ huê$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thò huè
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰo²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue²¹³/

### Verb

退化
* to degenerate; to atrophy
* to deteriorate; to worsen; to decline; to fall; to drop

#### Usage notes

退化 (tuìhuà) is used to emphasize a good situation turning bad, while 蛻化／蜕化 (tuìhuà) is used to emphasize corruption and degeneration.

#### Synonyms

* (to degenerate): 老化 (lǎohuà)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “deteriorate”): 進化／进化 (jìnhuà)

#### Derived terms

* 土地退化 (tǔdì tuìhuà)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 退 | 化 |
| たい Grade: 6 | か Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ta̠ika̠]

### Noun

退(たい)化(か) • (taika)
* degeneration; retrogression

#### Antonyms

* 進化(しんか) (shinka)

### Verb

退(たい)化(か)する • (taika suru) suru (stem 退(たい)化(か)し (taika shi), past 退(たい)化(か)した (taika shita))
* to degenerate, to retrogress

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 退化し | たいかし | taika shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 退化し | たいかし | taika shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 退化する | たいかする | taika suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 退化する | たいかする | taika suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 退化すれ | たいかすれ | taika sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 退化せよ¹ 退化しろ² | たいかせよ¹ たいかしろ² | taika seyo¹ taika shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 退化される | たいかされる | taika sareru |
| Causative | 退化させる 退化さす | たいかさせる たいかさす | taika saseru taika sasu |
| Potential | 退化できる | たいかできる | taika dekiru |
| Volitional | 退化しよう | たいかしよう | taika shiyō |
| Negative | 退化しない | たいかしない | taika shinai |
| Negative continuative | 退化せず | たいかせず | taika sezu |
| Formal | 退化します | たいかします | taika shimasu |
| Perfective | 退化した | たいかした | taika shita |
| Conjunctive | 退化して | たいかして | taika shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 退化すれば | たいかすれば | taika sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Descendants

* → Chinese: 退化 (tuìhuà)
* → Korean: 퇴화 (toehwa)
* → Vietnamese: thoái hoá

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 退 | 化 |

### Noun

退化 • (toehwa) (hangeul 퇴화)
* hanja form of 퇴화 (“degeneration; retrogression”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 退 | 化 |

### Verb

退化
* chữ Hán form of thoái hoá (“to degenerate;to decline”).