# 痴漢
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chīhàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄔ ㄏㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ci$^1$ hon$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chīhàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄔ ㄏㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chihhàn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻih$^1$-han$^4$
*** Yale: chr̄-hàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyhann
*** Palladius: чихань (čixanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ xän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^1$ hon$^3$
*** Yale: chī hon
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^1$ hon$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^1$ hon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː⁵⁵ hɔːn³³/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$痴漢／痴汉 痴看

### Etymology 1

Attestable in the Sui and Tang dynasties in the 北史 (Běishǐ, “History of the Northern Dynasties”), and in the Ming dynasty novels 西遊記／西游记 (Xīyóujì, “Journey to the West”) and 金瓶梅 (Jīnpíngméi, “The Plum in the Golden Vase”).

#### Noun

痴漢
* (derogatory, literary) fool; idiot

### Etymology 2

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 痴(ち)漢(かん) (chikan).

#### Noun

痴漢
* (male) groper; (male) pervert; (male) sexual harasser

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 痴 | 漢 |
| ち Grade: S | かん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spellings
* 癡漢 (kyūjitai) チカン

### Etymology

Appears to be a borrowing from written Chinese 痴漢／痴汉 (chīhàn, literally “stupid + man, guy”). First cited in Japanese in 1790 with the stupid guy sense.
The "Xbox fanboy" sense originates from a media interview of Akihabara retailer Messe Sanoh, where one customer stated his intention to purchase an Xbox in addition to the adult computer game Ryōjoku Chikan Jigoku.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちかん [chìkáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡ɕikã̠ɴ]

### Noun

痴(ち)漢(かん) • (chikan)
* [from 1949] (male) pervert; molester; masher
* [from 1949] sexual harassment of a woman by a man
* [from 1790] (archaic) (male) fool, idiot
    Synonyms: 愚か者 (orokamono, not gender-specific), 馬鹿者 (bakamono, not gender-specific), 愚者 (gusha, not gender-specific)
* [from 2013] (slang, vulgar, derogatory, video games) an Xbox fanboy, Xbot
    Synonym: 箱信者 (hako shinja)

#### Derived terms

* 痴(ち)女(じょ) (chijo)

### Verb

痴(ち)漢(かん)する • (chikan suru) suru (stem 痴(ち)漢(かん)し (chikan shi), past 痴(ち)漢(かん)した (chikan shita))
* of a man, to sexually harass a woman
    満(まん)員(いん)電(でん)車(しゃ)で痴(ち)漢(かん)された
       man'in densha de chikan sareta
       was sexually harassed in a packed train

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 痴漢し | ちかんし | chikan shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 痴漢し | ちかんし | chikan shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 痴漢する | ちかんする | chikan suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 痴漢する | ちかんする | chikan suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 痴漢すれ | ちかんすれ | chikan sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 痴漢せよ¹ 痴漢しろ² | ちかんせよ¹ ちかんしろ² | chikan seyo¹ chikan shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 痴漢される | ちかんされる | chikan sareru |
| Causative | 痴漢させる 痴漢さす | ちかんさせる ちかんさす | chikan saseru chikan sasu |
| Potential | 痴漢できる | ちかんできる | chikan dekiru |
| Volitional | 痴漢しよう | ちかんしよう | chikan shiyō |
| Negative | 痴漢しない | ちかんしない | chikan shinai |
| Negative continuative | 痴漢せず | ちかんせず | chikan sezu |
| Formal | 痴漢します | ちかんします | chikan shimasu |
| Perfective | 痴漢した | ちかんした | chikan shita |
| Conjunctive | 痴漢して | ちかんして | chikan shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 痴漢すれば | ちかんすれば | chikan sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ “痴漢”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Brian Ashcraft (2013 July 2) “Why Xbox Fans Are Called “Gropers” in Japan”, in Kotaku‎, retrieved July 6, 2021
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN