# 旨

| 旨 | U+65E8, &#26088; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65E8 |
| ← 旧 [U+65E7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 早 → [U+65E9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

旨 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 心日 (PA) or 難心日 (XPA), four-corner 2160$_1$, composition ⿱匕日)

#### Derived characters

* 恉 指 栺 㸟 脂 𥿻 詣(诣) 酯 鮨 䭫 䭬 鴲 㚛 㞓 𦮂 嘗 㞛 𠺳 㮷 稽 鑙

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 489, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13738
* Dae Jaweon: page 850, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1485, character 7
* Unihan data for U+65E8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 旨 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 稽 | *kiː, *kʰiːʔ |
| 詣 | *ŋɡiːs |
| 栺 | *ŋɡiːs, *kji |
| 榰 | *klje |
| 脂 | *kji |
| 鴲 | *kji, *kjis |
| 指 | *kjiʔ |
| 旨 | *kjiʔ |
| 恉 | *kjiʔ |
| 嗜 | *ɡjis |
| 蓍 | *qʰlji |
| 鰭 | *ɡri |
| 耆 | *ɡri |
| 鮨 | *ɡri |
| 鬐 | *ɡri |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 匕 a spoon (匙) to eat or drink something delicious. The original version is 𠤔. See 嘗. Similar but unrelated to 皀.
According to the Shuowen: phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjiʔ) : phonetic 匕 (OC *pilʔ) + semantic 甘 (“delicious”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǐ (zhi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳ́
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zi$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): cǐ
* Eastern Min (BUC): cī
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zi$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^3$
*** Yale: jř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^2$
*** Yale: jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́
*** Hakka Romanization System: zii$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sz̩³¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǐ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cī
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
*** Tâi-lô: tsí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cie
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡si⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡si⁵⁵⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zi$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsí
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tsy
*** MiniDict: tsy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tsr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsyijX
Rime :
| Character | 旨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (17) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 職雉切 |
| Baxter | tsyijX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕˠiɪ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕᵚi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiɪ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cji$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕji$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕi$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kijʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kjiʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 旨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyij$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kijʔ/ |
| English | fine-tasting |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 旨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17326 |
| Phonetic component | 旨 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 旨 |
| Old Chinese | /*kjiʔ/ |
| Notes | 甲文象匕在口表甘美， 非匕聲 |

### Definitions

旨
* delicious
* fine
* delicious food
* intention; purpose; aim
* decree; imperial decree

### Compounds

* 下旨
* 中旨
* 主旨 (zhǔzhǐ)
* 令旨
* 俞旨
* 候旨
* 傳旨／传旨 (chuánzhǐ)
* 先意希旨
* 先意承旨
* 和旨
* 回旨
* 大旨 (dàzhǐ)
* 奉旨 (fèngzhǐ)
* 奧旨／奥旨 (àozhǐ)
* 宏旨 (hóngzhǐ)
* 宗旨 (zōngzhǐ)
* 宣旨 (xuānzhǐ)
* 密旨
* 御旨
* 恩旨
* 意旨 (yìzhǐ)
* 懿旨 (yìzhǐ)
* 承旨
* 承顏順旨／承颜顺旨
* 承風希旨／承风希旨
* 敕旨 (chìzhǐ)
* 教育宗旨
* 旨意 (zhǐyì)
* 旨甘
* 旨蓄
* 旨要 (zhǐyào)
* 旨趣 (zhǐqù)
* 旨酒
* 旨酒嘉肴
* 望風承旨／望风承旨
* 本旨 (běnzhǐ)
* 法旨
* 無關宏旨／无关宏旨
* 玄旨
* 甘旨
* 甘旨肥濃／甘旨肥浓
* 睿旨
* 聖旨／圣旨 (shèngzhǐ)
* 背旨
* 臺旨／台旨
* 芳旨
* 要旨 (yàozhǐ)
* 言微旨遠／言微旨远
* 言近旨遠／言近旨远
* 諭旨／谕旨 (yùzhǐ)
* 趣旨 (qùzhǐ)
* 辭微旨遠／辞微旨远
* 辭旨／辞旨
* 迎意承旨
* 違旨／违旨
* 金樽旨酒
* 鈞旨／钧旨
* 阿意順旨／阿意顺旨
* 阿諛順旨／阿谀顺旨
* 降旨 (jiàngzhǐ)
* 領旨／领旨
* 題旨／题旨

### References

* “旨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01774

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* delicious
* appetizing
* clever

#### Readings

* Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
* Kun: むね (mune, 旨, Jōyō)、うまい (umai, 旨い)

#### Compounds

* 旨(うま)味(み) (umami)
* 要旨(ようし) (yōshi)
* 趣旨(しゅし) (shushi)
* 本旨(ほんし) (honshi)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 旨
* むね Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 宗
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) むね [mùnéꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* (Tokyo) むね [múꜜnè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [mɯ̟ne̞]

### Noun

旨(むね) • (mune)
* principle; aim; purpose
* gist; meaning

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Hanja

旨 (eumhun 맛있을 지 (masisseul ji))
* hanja form of 지 (“delicious; tasty”)

### Etymology 2
#### Hanja

旨 (eumhun 뜻 지 (tteut ji))
* hanja form of 지 (“meaning; definition”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

旨: Hán Nôm readings: chỉ
* royal order, decree