# 玫瑰
## Chinese
### Etymology

Appears to refer to a kind of (red) jade originally, as suggested by the semantic parts of the individual characters and the explanations in Shuowen.
Cognate with 梅槐 (“a tree similar to 薔薇”). Other potential cognates include 茅蒐 (máosōu, “a red plant dye; madder”) and 韎韐／韎𱂆 (“red madder-dyed knee covers”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): méigui, méiguī, méiguì
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄟˊ ˙ㄍㄨㄟ, ㄇㄟˊ ㄍㄨㄟ, ㄇㄟˊ ㄍㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mui$^4$ gwai$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mòi-kui
* Jin (Wiktionary): mei$^1$ gui$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): muòi-gói
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): mûi-kùi / bôe-kùi / môe-kùi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhung$^5$ gui$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$me-kue
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: méigui
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ˙ㄍㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: méigue̊i
*** Wade–Giles: mei$^2$-kuei$^5$
*** Yale: méi-gwei
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mei.guei
*** Palladius: мэйгуй (mɛjguj)
*** Sinological IPA : /meɪ̯³⁵ g̊u̯eɪ̯³/
** (Standard Chinese, colloquial)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: méiguī
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ㄍㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: méiguei
*** Wade–Giles: mei$^2$-kuei$^1$
*** Yale: méi-gwēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meiguei
*** Palladius: мэйгуй (mɛjguj)
*** Sinological IPA : /meɪ̯³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, non-standard variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: méiguì
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ㄍㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: méiguèi
*** Wade–Giles: mei$^2$-kuei$^4$
*** Yale: méi-gwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meiguey
*** Palladius: мэйгуй (mɛjguj)
*** Sinological IPA : /meɪ̯³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mui$^4$ gwai$^3$
*** Yale: mùih gwai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mui$^4$ gwai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mui$^4$ guei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /muːi̯²¹ kʷɐi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mòi-kui
*** Hakka Romanization System: moi$^ˇ$ gui
*** Hagfa Pinyim: moi$^2$ gui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /moi̯¹¹ ku̯i⁵⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: mei$^1$ gui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /mei¹¹ kuei⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: muòi-gói
*** Sinological IPA : /mui⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(k-)}$ui²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mûi-kùi
*** Tâi-lô: muî-kuì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mui'kuix
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /muĩ²³⁻³³ kui²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /muĩ²⁴⁻²² kui²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /muĩ²⁴⁻²² kui⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ kui¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bôe-kùi
*** Tâi-lô: buê-kuì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boe'kuix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bue¹³⁻²² kui²¹/
** (Hokkien: Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môe-kùi
*** Tâi-lô: muê-kuì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: moe'kuix
*** IPA (Tainan): /muẽ²⁴⁻³³ kui²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhung$^5$ gui$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bûng kùi
*** Sinological IPA : /buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kui²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$me-kue
*** MiniDict: me$^去$ kue
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$me-kue
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /me²² kue⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: mwoj hwoj|kwoj
Rime :
| Character | 玫 | 瑰 | 瑰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 匣 (33) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) | 灰 (42) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 莫杯切 | 戸恢切 | 公回切 |
| Baxter | mwoj | hwoj | kwoj |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muʌi/ | /ɦuʌi/ | /kuʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muoi/ | /ɦuoi/ | /kuoi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muɒi/ | /ɣuɒi/ | /kuɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwəj/ | /ɦwəj/ | /kwəj/ |
| Li Rong | /muᴀi/ | /ɣuᴀi/ | /kuᴀi/ |
| Wang Li | /muɒi/ | /ɣuɒi/ | /kuɒi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /muɑ̆i/ | /ɣuɑ̆i/ | /kuɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | méi | huí | guī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mui$^4$ | wui$^4$ | gui$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mɯːl kuːl|ɡuːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 瑰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | guī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kwoj › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁuj/ |
| English | kind of precious stone |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 玫 | 瑰 | 瑰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13013 | 4660 | 4671 |
| Phonetic component | 文 | 鬼 | 鬼 |
| Rime group | 微 | 微 | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 枚 | 傀 | 回 |
| Old Chinese | /*mɯːl/ | /*kuːl/ | /*ɡuːl/ |
| Notes | 說文作玟 | | |

### Noun

玫瑰
* (botany) rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa)
* hybrid roses for ornamantal and edible uses
* (～花) rose (flower) (Classifier: 朵 m)
    From: 2018 December 26, Jolin Tsai; Ashin (lyrics), RAZOR Chiang; Jolin Tsai (music), 《玫瑰少年》 (Womxnly), performed by Jolin Tsai
    Nǎ duǒ méiguī méiyǒu jīngjí? [Pinyin]
    What rose has no thorns?
* (～色) rose colour
* (literary, historical) a kind of beautiful jade

#### Synonyms

* (flower): 刺客 (cìkè)

#### Derived terms

* 玫瑰戰爭／玫瑰战争
* 玫瑰果 (méiguīguǒ)
* 玫瑰柱
* 玫瑰樹／玫瑰树
* 玫瑰油
* 玫瑰灣／玫瑰湾 (Méiguīwān)
* 玫瑰精
* 玫瑰糠疹
* 玫瑰紅／玫瑰红 (méiguihóng)
* 玫瑰紫 (méiguizǐ)
* 玫瑰經／玫瑰经 (méiguījīng)
* 玫瑰罋
* 玫瑰色 (méiguisè)
* 玫瑰花
* 玫瑰葵花鸚鵡／玫瑰葵花鹦鹉 (méiguī kuíhuā yīngwǔ)
* 玫瑰露
* 玫瑰露酒
* 玫瑰餅／玫瑰饼
* 玫瑰香水 (“rosewater”)
* 玫瑰鹽／玫瑰盐 (méiguīyán)
* 白玫瑰
* 紅玫瑰／红玫瑰
* 迷你玫瑰
* 風玫瑰圖／风玫瑰图

### See also

* 薔薇／蔷薇 (qiángwēi)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 玫 | 瑰 |
| まい Hyōgai | かい Hyōgai |
| goon | kan'on |

### Noun

玫(まい)瑰(かい) • (maikai)
* Synonym of 浜梨 (hama-nasu, “beach rose, Rosa rugosa”)
* a type of fine Chinese stone such a mica

#### Derived terms

* 玫瑰花(まいかいか) (maikaika)