# व्याघ्र
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ৱ্যাঘ্ৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬯ᭄ᬬᬵᬖ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
* ব্যাঘ্র (Bengali script)
* 𑰪𑰿𑰧𑰯𑰑𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀯𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀖𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* ဝျာဃြ (Burmese script)
* વ્યાઘ્ર (Gujarati script)
* ਵ੍ਯਾਘ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌵𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌘𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦮꦾꦴꦓꦿ (Javanese script)
* 𑂫𑂹𑂨𑂰𑂐𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ವ್ಯಾಘ್ರ (Kannada script)
* វ្យាឃ្រ (Khmer script)
* ວ຺ຍາຆ຺ຣ (Lao script)
* വ്യാഘ്ര (Malayalam script)
* ᠸᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢚᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘪𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘑𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᠸᠶ᠋ᠠᢗᠺᠾᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧊𑧠𑧇𑧑𑦱𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐑𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
* ଵ୍ଯାଘ୍ର (Odia script)
* ꢮ꣄ꢫꢵꢕ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆮𑇀𑆪𑆳𑆔𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖪𑖿𑖧𑖯𑖑𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
* ව්‍යාඝ්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩾 𑪙𑩻𑩛𑩟 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚦𑚶𑚣𑚭𑚍𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
* வ்யாக்⁴ர (Tamil script)
* వ్యాఘ్ర (Telugu script)
* วฺยาฆฺร (Thai script)
* ཝྱཱ་གྷྲ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒫𑓂𑒨𑒰𑒒𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨭𑩇𑨪𑨊𑨎𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Unknown; perhaps from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wiHaHagʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHaHagʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *wih₁-h₂oh₂ogʰró-s, from *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue”) + *h₂o-h₂o-gʰr-ó-s, from *gʰer- (“yellow, orange”). Possible cognate with Ancient Greek ὠχρός (ōkhrós, “ochre, pale”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ʋjɑːɡʱ.ɾɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈʋjɑːɡʱ.ɾɐ/

### Noun

व्याघ्र • (vyāghrá) stem, m
* a tiger (not in RV., but in AV., often mentioned with the lion; according to R. III, 30, 26, शार्दूली (śārdūlī) is the mythical mother of tigers; but in वह्निपुराण (vahni-purāṇa) they are said to be the offspring of कश्यप (kaśyapa)'s wife दंष्ट्रा (daṃṣṭrā); compare चित्रव्याघ्र (citra-vyāghra)) (AV. etc.)
* any pre-eminently strong or noble person, "a tiger among men" (compare ऋषभ (ṛṣabha), सिंह (siṃha))
* Millettia pinnata (L.)
* a red variety of the castor-oil plant (L.)
* name of a rākṣasa (VP.)
* name of a king (Rājat.)
* name of various authors (also abridged from व्याघ्रपद् (vyāghra-pad)) (Cat.)

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Shina: بگ (băg)
* Pali: byaggha, vyaggha
* Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
** Central:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
**** Gujarati: વાઘ (vāgh)
**** Hindustani: bāgh
    Hindi: बाघ
    Urdu: باگھ
**** Saurashtra: ꢮꢵꢔ꣄ (vāg)
*** Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
**** Awadhi: बाघ (bāgh)
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit: *𑀩𑀸𑀕𑁆𑀖 (*bāggha)
**** Assamese: বাঘ (bagh)
**** Bengali: বাঘ (bagh)
**** Bihari:
***** Bhojpuri: bāgh
    Devanagari script: बाघ
    Kaithi script: 𑂥𑂰𑂐
***** Maithili: बाघ (bāgh)
**** Bishnupriya Manipuri: বাঘ
**** Odia: ବାଘ (bāgha)
**** Rohingya: bag
**** Sylheti: ꠛꠣꠊ (bagó)
**** Tanchangya: 𑄝𑄊𑄴 (bagh)
** Northern:
*** Khasa Prakrit:
**** Central Pahari:
***** Garhwali: बाग (bāg)
***** Kumaoni: बाग (bāg)
**** Eastern Pahari:
***** Nepali: बाघ (bāgh), बाग (bāg)
**** Western Pahari:
***** Bhadrawahi: ढ्ळाह्ग (ḍhḷāhg), ढ्ळाग (ḍhḷāg)
***** Churahi: ब्राह्ग (brāhg)
***** Kangri: बराघ (barāgh)
** Northwestern:
*** Paisaci Prakrit:
**** Takka Apabhramsa:
***** Punjabi: bāgh
    Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਘ
    Shahmukhi script: باگھ
**** Vracada Apabhramsa:
***** Sindhi: vāghu
    Arabic script: وَاگهُ
    Devanagari script: वाघु
****** Jadgali: [script needed] (brāgg)
** Southern:
*** Helu Prakrit:
**** Dhivehi: ވަގު (vagu)
**** Sinhalese: වග (waga)
*** Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
**** Konkani: vāgu
    Devanagari script: वागु
    Latin script: vagu
    Kannada script: ವಾಗು
**** Marathi: वाघ (vāgh)
Borrowed terms
* → Old Armenian: վագր (vagr) (perhaps via an Iranian borrowing)
* → Old Georgian: ვიგრი (vigri) (perhaps via an Iranian borrowing)
* → Malayalam: വ്യാഘ്രം (vyāghraṁ)
* → Telugu: వ్యాఘ్రము (vyāghramu)
* →? English: Viagra

### References

* ↑ Boisacq, Émile (1916) “ωχρός”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 1085
* ↑ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 329
* ↑ “व्याघ्र॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 529, column 2.
* ↑ Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “व्याघ्र”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 303
* ↑ Monier Williams (1899) “Vyāghrá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1036/2.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vyaghra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 706