# 孿

| 孿 | U+5B7F, &#23423; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B7F |
| ← 孾 [U+5B7E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 宀 → [U+5B80] |

## Translingual
### Han character

孿 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+19, 22 strokes, cangjie input 女火弓木 (VFND), four-corner 2240$_7$, composition ⿱龻子)
* twins

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 281, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7051
* Dae Jaweon: page 551, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1020, character 13
* Unihan data for U+5B7F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蠻 | *mroːn |
| 矕 | *mroːnʔ |
| 變 | *prons |
| 鸞 | *b·roːn |
| 巒 | *b·roːn |
| 灤 | *b·roːn |
| 欒 | *b·roːn |
| 鑾 | *b·roːn |
| 臠 | *b·roːn, *b·ronʔ |
| 羉 | *b·roːn |
| 䜌 | *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons |
| 灓 | *b·roːn, *b·roːns, *b·rons |
| 圝 | *b·roːn |
| 曫 | *b·roːn |
| 孿 | *smroːns, *smrons |
| 彎 | *qroːn |
| 灣 | *qroːn |
| 攣 | *b·ron |
| 孌 | *b·ronʔ, *b·rons |
| 戀 | *b·rons |
| 㪻 | *pʰlons, *klons |

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *run. Cognate with Jingpho marun (“to have twins”) (from run (“to be in pairs”)). (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): luán, lüán
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄢˊ, ㄌㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lyun$^4$ / syun$^3$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): luang$^2$ / luong$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): loân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: luán
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: luán
*** Wade–Giles: luan$^2$
*** Yale: lwán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luan
*** Palladius: луань (luanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯än³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lüán
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lyuán
*** Wade–Giles: lüan$^2$
*** Yale: lywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liuan
*** Palladius: люань (ljuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ly̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lyun$^4$ / syun$^3$
*** Yale: lyùhn / syun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lyn$^4$ / syn$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lün$^4$ / xun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /lyːn²¹/, /syːn³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: luang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /luaŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: luong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /luoŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loân
*** Tâi-lô: luân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: loaan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /luan²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /luan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /luan¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /luan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /luan²³/
* Middle Chinese: srwaenH, ljwen
Rime :
| Character | 孿 | 孿 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (70) | 仙 (78) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 生患切 | 力員切 |
| Baxter | srwaenH | ljwen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠuan$^H$/ | /liuᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃʷᵚan$^H$/ | /lʷiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃuɐn$^H$/ | /ljuæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂwaɨn$^H$/ | /lwian/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃuan$^H$/ | /liuɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃwan$^H$/ | /lĭwɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʂwan$^H$/ | /li̯wɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shuàn | luán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | saan$^3$ | lyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.r]on-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*smroːns/, /*smrons/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 孿 | 孿 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | luán | luán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ srjwen$^H$ › | ‹ srwæn$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s.r]on-s/ | /*[s.r]on-s/ |
| English | twins | twins |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 孿 | 孿 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 8625 | 8636 |
| Phonetic component |  |  |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 㝈 | 𨏉 |
| Old Chinese | /*smroːns/ | /*smrons/ |
| Notes | 原下從雙子，注或體作此 | |

### Definitions

孿
* twins

#### Compounds

* 孿伴兒／孪伴儿 (luánbànr)
* 孿子／孪子 (luánzǐ)
* 孿生／孪生 (luánshēng)
* 孿生兄弟／孪生兄弟 (luánshēng xiōngdì)
* 孿生子／孪生子 (luánshēngzǐ)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01004
* “孿”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* twins

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): さん (san)、せん (sen)、れん (ren)
* Kun: ふたご (futago)

## Korean
### Hanja

孿 (eum 산 (san))
* twins

## Vietnamese
### Han character

孿: Hán Nôm readings: loan
* twins

#### References

* Nom Foundation