# نذر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

* Root
* ن ذ ر (n ḏ r)
* 4 terms
Akin to Aramaic נִדְרָא (niḏrā), Classical Syriac ܢܕܪܐ (neḏrā), Hebrew נֶדֶר (néḏer), Punic 𐤍𐤃𐤓 (ndr) and Ugaritic 𐎐𐎄𐎗 (ndr). It is argued that the sense vow is influenced from Jewish and Christian usage in Aramaic and Hebrew, the sense of “warning” as in أَنْذَرَ (ʔanḏara) and its verbal noun نُذُر (nuḏur) being more particular to Arabic, so the original meaning of the base stem needs to have been “to take heed”.

#### Verb

نَذَرَ • (naḏara) I (non-past يَنْذُرُ (yanḏuru) or يَنْذِرُ (yanḏiru), verbal noun نَذْر (naḏr) or نُذُور (nuḏūr))
* to vow, to pledge
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 19:26:إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ صَوْمًا فَلَنْ أُكَلِّمَ الْيَوْمَ إِنسِيًّاLo! I have vowed a fast unto the Beneficent, and may not speak today to any mortal.
* to devote one's son to the service of God
* to place in front of a combat

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Verb

نَذِرَ • (naḏira) I (non-past يَنْذَرُ (yanḏaru), verbal noun نَذَر (naḏar))
* to see the danger, to see through the intentions of an enemy and be on one's guard

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Verb

نَذَّرَ • (naḏḏara) II (non-past يُنَذِّرُ (yunaḏḏiru), verbal noun تَنْذِير (tanḏīr))
* to make a vow to, profess before, profess a belief

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.4
#### Noun

نَذْر • (naḏr) m (plural نُذُور (nuḏūr) or نُذُر (nuḏur))
* verbal noun of نَذَرَ (naḏara, “to vow, to warn”) (form I)
** vow
*** anything consecrated to God
**** pious gift
***** present to superiors
***** mulct for wounds

##### Descendants

* → Persian: نذر (nazr)
* → Swahili: nadhiri
* → Ottoman Turkish: نذر (nezr, nezir)
** Turkish: nezir

### Etymology 1.5
#### Noun

نُذْر or نُذُر or نَذْر • (nuḏr or nuḏur or naḏr) m
* warning, admonition, threat, irregular verbal noun of أَنْذَرَ (ʔanḏara) (form IV)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 54:41-42:وَلَقَدْ جَاءَ آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ النُّذُرُ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَاwalaqad jāʔa ʔāla firʕawna n-nuḏuru kaḏḏabū biʔāyātināAnd warning came to the house of the Pharaoh that they reproved.

##### Declension
### Etymology 1.6
#### Noun

نُذُر • (nuḏur) pl
* plural of نَذْر (naḏr)
* plural of نَذِير (naḏīr)

### Etymology 1.7
#### Noun

نَذَر • (naḏar) m
* verbal noun of نَذِرَ (naḏira) (form I)

##### Declension
#### References

* Ahrens, Karl (1930) “Christliches im Qoran. Eine Nachlese”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 84, page 34
* Freytag, Georg (1837) “نذر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 262–263
* Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 278
* Schwally, Friedrich (1898) “Lexikalische Studien”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 52, pages 137–138
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “نذر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, pages 1111–1112

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

نذر (form I)
* نَذُرُّ (naḏurru) /na.ður.ru/: first-person plural non-past active indicative of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
* نُذَرُّ (nuḏarru) /nu.ðar.ru/: first-person plural non-past passive indicative of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
* نَذُرَّ (naḏurra) /na.ður.ra/: first-person plural non-past active subjunctive/jussive of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
* نُذَرَّ (nuḏarra) /nu.ðar.ra/: first-person plural non-past passive subjunctive/jussive of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
* نَذُرِّ (naḏurri) /na.ður.ri/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
* نُذَرِّ (nuḏarri) /nu.ðar.ri/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
* نَذَرُّ (naḏarru) /na.ðar.ru/: first-person plural non-past active indicative of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
* نَذَرَّ (naḏarra) /na.ðar.ra/: first-person plural non-past active subjunctive/jussive of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
* نَذَرِّ (naḏarri) /na.ðar.ri/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)

### Etymology 3.1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

نذر (form I)
* نَذْرُ (naḏru) /nað.ru/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of ذَرَا (ḏarā)
* نُذْرَ (nuḏra) /nuð.ra/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of ذَرَا (ḏarā) and ذَرَى (ḏarā)
* نَذْرِ (naḏri) /nað.ri/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of ذَرَى (ḏarā)

### Etymology 3.2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

نذر (form II)
* نُذَرِّ (nuḏarri) /nu.ðar.ri/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of ذَرَّى (ḏarrā)
* نُذَرَّ (nuḏarra) /nu.ðar.ra/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of ذَرَّى (ḏarrā)

### Etymology 3.3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

نذر (form IV)
* نُذْرِ (nuḏri) /nuð.ri/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of أَذْرَى (ʔaḏrā)
* نُذْرَ (nuḏra) /nuð.ra/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of أَذْرَى (ʔaḏrā)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic نَذْر (naḏr).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [naðɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [näzɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [näzɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [näzɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [näzɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [næzɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [näzɾ]

### Noun

نذر • (nazr)
* (religion) oblation, vow to God

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “نذر”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim