OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tumxuk
## English
### Alternative forms

* Tumshuq

### Etymology

From Uyghur تۇمشۇق (tumshuq).

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ˈtʌm.ʃʊk/

### Proper noun

Tumxuk
* A sub-prefectural city in Xinjiang, China.
** 2007, James A. Millward, “Colonialism, Assimilationism and Ethnocide (2000s-2020s)”, in Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang‎, London: Hurst & Company, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 367:The stated mission of the Bingtuan is to increase the Han population of Xinjiang: recruiting Han migrants, supported by subsidies from Beijing, is ‘the will of the state.'⁶ For example, a Bingtuan advertisement circulated on the ubiquitous Chinese social media app Weixin/WeChat in the first half of 2020 called for able-bodied people aged 18-35 with household registration in China proper and ‘good political quality’ (zhengzhi suzhi hao) to move to a new settlement built by the Third Division 50ᵗʰ Regiment 18 km from the southern city of Tumshug (Tumxuk, Tumushuke), between Kashgar and Aksu.
** 2019 February 1, Alexandra Stevenson, Chris Buckley, “Blackwater Founder’s New Company Strikes a Deal in China. He Says He Had No Idea.”, in New York Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on February 1, 2019‎:Frontier Services Group said in January that it had reached an agreement with officials and an industrial park in Tumxuk, a city in western Xinjiang, to build a training facility there....Tumxuk lies between Kashgar and Aksu, larger settlements that have been a focus of the Chinese government’s drive to stifle antigovernment sentiment....But Tumxuk has also been drawn into the regionwide drive to transform Uighur society through indoctrination camps....Tumxuk has more than 160,000 inhabitants, nearly two-thirds of them Uighur, according to official population estimates, and government reports and records show that the city has built at least one camp, as well as other specialized schools, to “deradicalize” minority residents....In 2017, a unit of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Tumxuk issued a tender notice inviting bids for building work on a “legal education and training center” — a phrase sometimes used for the indoctrination camps.
* A town in Onsu, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China.
** 1994, Christa Paula, The Road to Miran‎, HarperCollins, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 39:But I hadn’t come to stay: my goal was two ancient Buddhist sites built into cliffs near a town called Tumxuk....It seemed easy enough to get there; there was only one town named Tumxuk on the map, located north of Aksu.

#### Synonyms

* (sub-prefectural city, from Mandarin Chinese): Tumushuke
* (town, from Mandarin Chinese): Tumuxiuke, T'u-mu-hsiu-k'o
# Valhalla
## English
### Alternative forms

* Valhall

### Etymology

From New Latin, from Old Norse Valhǫll (from valr (“dead warriors”) +‎ hǫll (“hall”)).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /vælˈhælə/
* (US, Canada) IPA: /vælˈhælə/, /vɑlˈhɑlə/
* Rhymes: -ælə, -ɑːlə
* Audio (Canada):(file)

### Proper noun

Valhalla
* (Norse mythology) The home of half of all warriors who died gloriously in battle as well as many of the Æsir.
** 1791 May 1, “Moore's Inquiry into the Subject of Suicide”, in Monthly Review‎, London, pages 24–25:[S]uch souls as were detruded from the body by any violent method went strait to Valhalla. (Latin original: Nostratibus sane hoc erat infallibiliter persuasum, animas, non vulgares, neque senio morbove, sec cruenta morte & vi corporibus exeuntes, recta ad Vahlallam ferri)
** 1996, Carolyne Larrington, The Poetic Edda, Folio Society, published 2016, page xvii:In some poems they are envisaged as divine figures, women who serve mead to the dead warriors in Valhall, and who fulfil the will of Odin in overseeing battle and making sure that victory is awarded to the right man.

#### Derived terms

* Valhallan

#### Related terms

* Valgrind

#### Translations
### Noun

Valhalla (plural Valhallas)
* (by extension) An abode of the gods or afterlife in general.
** 1915 April, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], “The Return of Song”, in Fifty-one Tales, London: [Charles] Elkin Mathews, →OCLC:“The swans are singing again,” said to one another the gods. And looking downwards, for my dreams had taken me to some fair and far Valhalla, I saw below me an iridescent bubble not greatly larger than a star shine beautifully but faintly, and up and up from it looking larger and larger came a flock of white, innumerable swans, singing and singing and singing, till it seemed as though even the gods were wild ships swimming in music.
** 1959, Tom Lehrer (lyrics and music), “We Will All Go Together When We Go”:You will all go directly to your respective Valhallas / Go directly, do not pass 'GO', do not collect two hundred dollars
** 1964, Jan Morris, “Envoi: State of Being”, in Spain, Faber and Faber, published 2008, →ISBN:Like Philip's, Franco's autarchy was shrouded in religiosity—not Christianity alone, but also a sort of dim Wagnerian vision of hero-gods and Valhallas, a gloomy level of devotion on which paganism, Catholicism and the apotheosis of the State could conveniently be mingled.

## Danish
### Proper noun

Valhalla
* Alternative form of Valhal

## Italian
### Proper noun

il Valhalla m
* Alternative spelling of Walhalla

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Proper noun

Valhalla f
* definite singular of Valhall

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* Valhala, Valíala, Walhala

### Etymology

From New Latin, from Old Norse Valhǫll, from valr (“dead warriors”) + hǫll (“hall”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /vawˈhalə/

### Proper noun

Valhalla m or f
* (Norse mythology) Valhalla (the home of warriors slain gloriously in battle)
# abdominal cavity
## English
### Noun

abdominal cavity (plural abdominal cavities)
* (anatomy) The hollow portion of the torso within the abdomen, containing the abdominal organs, in mammals below the diaphragm.

#### Related terms

* abdomino-

#### See also

* coelo-
# abdominal wall
## English
### Noun

abdominal wall (plural abdominal walls)
* The layer of muscles that surrounds the abdominal cavity and contains the abdominal organs.

#### Translations
### See also

* mirach
# activated carbon
## English
### Noun

activated carbon (uncountable)
* A very absorbent form of finely powdered carbon; used in purifying gases, and as an antidote for many poisons.

#### Synonyms

* activated charcoal
# at the drop of a hat
## English
### Etymology

From the customary starting of competitions by making a sweeping downward motion with a cap.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Prepositional phrase

at the drop of a hat
* (informal, idiomatic) Without any hesitation; instantly.
    Synonyms: at a moment's notice, at once, in a heartbeat
    We're expected to just do it at the drop of a hat.
    If you need help, just call on Mike. He can come at the drop of a hat.
** 1957, Jack Kerouac, chapter 1, in On the Road, Viking Press, →OCLC, part 1:A tremendous thing happened when Dean met Carlo Marx. Two keen minds that they are, they took to each other at the drop of a hat.
** 2014, Becky Rutledge, Miss Becky's Charm School‎, Citadel Press, →ISBN:Let's face it. We are swollen up like an overfed slug, our breath stinks, the tiniest irritant is magnified ten thousand times, and we cry at the drop of a hat.
# barley sandwich
## English
### Noun

barley sandwich (plural barley sandwiches)
* (slang, Canada) A drink of beer, typically taken as a liquid lunch.
# bash up
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Verb

bash up (third-person singular simple present bashes up, present participle bashing up, simple past and past participle bashed up)
* (transitive, informal) To assault someone with the intention of causing physical injury; to beat up.
    He shouted at us, so we bashed him up.
# beautification
## English
### Etymology

Attested since at least 1790, from beautify (“to make beautiful”) +‎ -ification.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /bjuːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

beautification (countable and uncountable, plural beautifications)
* Making beautiful, beautifying, improving the appearance of something.
    Thanks to the beautification efforts, the appearance of the highway has vastly improved.

#### Antonyms

* uglification

#### Related terms

* beautiful
* beauty
# ἀγωγῇ
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ɡɔː.ɡɛ̂ːi̯/ → /a.ɣoˈʝi/ → /a.ɣoˈʝi/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /a.ɡɔː.ɡɛ̂ːi̯/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /a.ɡoˈɡe̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /a.ɣoˈʝi/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /a.ɣoˈʝi/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /a.ɣoˈʝi/

### Noun

ἀγωγῇ • (agōgêi) f
* dative singular of ἀγωγή (agōgḗ)
# ἀγωγῆς
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ɡɔː.ɡɛ̂ːs/ → /a.ɣoˈʝis/ → /a.ɣoˈʝis/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /a.ɡɔː.ɡɛ̂ːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /a.ɡoˈɡe̝s/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /a.ɣoˈʝis/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /a.ɣoˈʝis/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /a.ɣoˈʝis/

### Noun

ἀγωγῆς • (agōgês) f
* genitive singular of ἀγωγή (agōgḗ)
# bipolar disorder
## English
### Noun

bipolar disorder (countable and uncountable, plural bipolar disorders)
* (clinical psychology, psychiatry) A psychiatric diagnostic category, previously called manic depression, characterised by mood swings between great energy (mania) and clinical depression.
** 2002, American Psychiatric Association, American Journal of Psychiatry: Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with Bipolar Disorder (Revision), page 30:An open study comparing response to lamotrigine in patients with rapid-cycling versus non-rapid-cycling bipolar disorder also indicated efficacy, with some evidence that rapid-cycling patients with more severe manic symptoms at the start of treatment respod less well (367).
** 2003, Jane Mountain, Bipolar Disorder: Insights for Recovery‎, page 102:It$^{[switching]}$ is a term frequently used with children with bipolar disorder who may experience switching of mood multiple times throughout the day.
** 2008, Tracy Anglada, Sheryl Hakala, Childhood Bipolar Disorder Answer Book, page 32:Bipolar disorder is diagnosed if your child experiences a manic or mixed episode or recurring episodes of both mania and depression that cannot be accounted for by other causes.
** 2010, Valerie Porr, Overcoming Borderline Personality Disorder‎, page 51:The rapid mood shifts that people with BPD$^{[borderlinepersonalitydisorder]}$ experience often lead to their being misdiagnosed with bipolar disorder. It is important to make the distinction between the mood shifts that characterize BPD and those of bipolar disorder.

#### Synonyms

* bipolar affective disorder
* manic depression
* schizomania

#### Related terms

* bipolar
* BP

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Psychology Today: What Is Bipolar Disorder?
# black-headed gull
## English
### Noun

black-headed gull (plural black-headed gulls)
* A small gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus, which breeds in much of Europe and Asia, and also in coastal eastern Canada.
# botch job
## English
### Alternative forms

* botched job

### Noun

botch job (plural botch jobs)
* A job that has been botched.
    He came highly recommended, but looking at his work I saw immediately that it was a botch job.

#### Translations
### See also

* bodge job
# bounty hunter
## English
### Noun

bounty hunter (plural bounty hunters)
* A person who catches criminals and brings them to the police in return for a reward.
** 2014 July 31, Oliver C. Speck, editor, Quentin Tarantino's Django Unchained: The Continuation of Metacinema‎, Bloomsbury, →ISBN, page 25:Thus Django becomes the carrier of the “public use of one's reason”—the Kantian road to enlightenment given to him by the German “Forty-Eighter” dentist–turned-bounty hunter Dr. “King” Schultz, and represents the fictive, allohistorical beginning of the battle against slavery and racism in the United States.

#### See also

* bail bondsman
# cable spaghetti
## English
### Noun

cable spaghetti (plural cable spaghettis)
* (informal) Complicatedly tangled cables of electronic devices.

#### Translations
### See also

* spaghetti code
# iskušavati
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From ìskušati.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iskuʃǎːʋati/
* Hyphenation: is‧ku‧ša‧va‧ti

### Verb

iskušávati impf (Cyrillic spelling искуша́вати)
* imperfective form of ìskušati

#### Conjugation
### References

* “iskušavati”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
# chairlift
## English
### Alternative forms

* chair lift, chair-lift

### Etymology

From chair +‎ lift.

### Noun

chairlift (plural chairlifts)
* A continuously moving series of open seats, slung from overhead cables, used to transport people (especially skiers) up the sides of mountains.

#### Coordinate terms

* T-bar
* magic carpet
* ski lift
# மரக்கிளை
## Tamil
### Etymology

Compound of மரம் (maram, “tree”) +‎ கிளை (kiḷai, “branch”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɐɾɐkːɪɭɐɪ̯/

### Noun

மரக்கிளை • (marakkiḷai)
* tree branch; bough
    கிளி மரக்கிளையில் உட்கார்ந்திருக்கிறது.kiḷi marakkiḷaiyil uṭkārntirukkiṟatu.The parrot is perched on the tree branch.
# out of the starting gate
## English
### Prepositional phrase

out of the starting gate
* Alternative form of out of the gate
# clean as a hound's tooth
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Adjective

(as) clean as a hound's tooth (not comparable)
* (simile) Very clean; very innocent.
** 1983, James C. H. Shen, “A Round of Calls”, in Robert Myers, editor, The U.S. & Free China: How the U.S. Sold Out Its Ally‎, Washington, D.C.: Acropolis Books Ltd., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 105:Rogers left the Department of State in September, 1973, before the Watergate scandal had implicated Nixon and some of his principal White House aides. He couldn't have picked a better time to return to private life and all his friends were happy for him. Bill Rogers simply cleaned his desk and moved back to his old law firm, Rogers and Wells. He came through all this untarnished, as clean as a hound's tooth.

#### Synonyms

* clean as a new penny
* clean as a whistle
# Heißzeit
## German
### Alternative forms

* Heisszeit (Switzerland, Liechtenstein)

### Etymology

Blend of heiß (“hot”) +‎ Eiszeit (“ice age”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhaɪ̯sˌt͡saɪ̯t/
* Hyphenation: Heiß‧zeit
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Heißzeit f (genitive Heißzeit, plural Heißzeiten)
* (uncommon) "hot age" (period of unusually hot temperatures)
** 2008, Heinz-Dieter Kittsteiner, Weltgeist, Weltmarkt, Weltgericht, Wilhelm Fink, page 213:Nun ist [James] Lovelock ein seltener Vogel, als er als GRÜNER zugleich ein vehementer Verfechter der Kernergie ist. Seine Besorgnis vor einer neuen “Heißzeit” ist so überwältigend, dass er alle verfügbaren Energien einsetzen will, um nur den CO₂-Ausstoß zu verringern: […](please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### See also

* Appendix:GfdS words of the year#2018

### Further reading

* “Heißzeit” in Duden online
* “Heißzeit” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# coconut milk
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

coconut milk (usually uncountable, plural coconut milks)
* A thick white liquid produced by soaking the white inner flesh of the seed of the coconut in water and straining. It is traditionally used in Southeast Asian cuisine in curry and other gravy.

#### Usage notes

* Coconut milk is a distinct product from coconut water (sometimes called "coconut juice"), though in common parlance the two are often confused.
* Like other plant milk, strictly speaking coconut “milk” is a misnomer, as it is not produced by lactation, though it has a milky (opaque, white) consistency. However, not only has this "misnomer" been in use in English since circa 1200 AD, but using the same logic, terms like peanut butter and coconut cream would also be classified as misnomers.

#### Hypernyms

* plant milk

#### Coordinate terms

* almond milk
* coconut cream
* coconut water
* hazelnut milk
* hemp milk
* oat milk
* peanut milk
* rice milk
* soy milk

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “milk”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
# combover
## English
### Alternative forms

* comb over
* comb-over

### Etymology

From comb +‎ over.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

combover (plural combovers)
* A manner of combing hair from one side to the other in an attempt to conceal a medial bald patch.
** 2008, Nicholas Drayson, A Guide to the Birds of East Africa, page 191:With his funny comb-over and shy manner he was a strange man but she knew that he was a good man, and it is goodness that counts.
# common name
## English
### Noun

common name (plural common names)
* (taxonomy) The name by which an organism or group of organisms is known to the general public.
    Synonym: vernacular name
    Hypernym: alias
    Coordinate terms: scientific name, taxonomic name
    Near-synonym: trivial name
** 2016, James Lambert, “Ornithonymy and Lexicographical Selection Criteria”, in International Journal of Lexicography, volume 30, number 1, pages 39–62:From the point of view of biology, a bird has both a scientific name and a common name.
* (chemistry) A name that unambiguously identifies a substance but is not the IUPAC systematic name.
    Coordinate terms: trivial name, vernacular name; systematic name
* Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see common,‎ name.
# common ragweed
## English
### Noun

common ragweed (plural common ragweeds)
* A plant, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, which is the most widespread plant of the genus Ambrosia in North America.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* common ragweed on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Ambrosia artemisiifolia on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Ambrosia artemisiifolia on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# consulate general
## English
### Noun

consulate general (plural consulates general)
* The residence, office, or jurisdiction of a consul general; the base of operations for the highest ranking consul for one nationality in a specific foreign country.
# Guangzhouese
## English
### Alternative forms

* Guangzhounese

### Etymology

From Guangzhou +‎ -ese.

### Adjective

Guangzhouese (not comparable)
* (rare) Cantonese

### Noun

Guangzhouese (plural Guangzhouese)
* (rare) Cantonese
    Guangzhouese dialects

### Proper noun

Guangzhouese
* (rare) Cantonese (language)
# Elterwater
## English
### Etymology

Located near the Elter Water, a small lake.

### Proper noun

Elterwater
* A village in Lakes parish, Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England, previously in South Lakeland district (OS grid ref NY3204).

#### Related terms

* Elter Water
# correlation coefficient
## English
### Noun

correlation coefficient (plural correlation coefficients)
* (statistics) Any of the several measures indicating the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two random variables.

#### Derived terms

* Spearman's rank correlation coefficient

#### Further reading

* correlation on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# Alfriston
## English
### Etymology

From Old English Ælfrīces + Old English tūn

### Proper noun

Alfriston
* A village and civil parish in Wealden district, East Sussex, England (OS grid ref TQ5103).
* A settlement east of Manurewa, Auckland, New Zealand, named after the Sussex village.

### References

* ↑ Mills, A. D. (2011) A Dictionary of British Place Names, →ISBN
* ↑ Parish map (East Sussex)
* ↑ NZ Topo Map
# crampon
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French crampon.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɹæmpɑn/, /ˈkɹæmpən/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -æmpɑn

### Noun

crampon (plural crampons)
* An attachment to a shoe or boot that provides traction by means of spikes for climbing or walking on slippery surfaces, especially ice.
    Synonyms: climbing iron, climber
* (botany) An aerial rootlet for support in climbing, as of ivy.
* (heraldry) A heraldic figure in the form of a bar bent at the ends into the form of a hook.

#### See also

* overboot, overshoe

### Verb

crampon (third-person singular simple present crampons, present participle cramponning or (US) cramponing, simple past and past participle cramponned or (US) cramponed)
* To walk or climb using crampons.

#### Further reading

* crampon on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## French
### Etymology

Diminutive of Old French crampe.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʁɑ̃.pɔ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

crampon m (plural crampons)
* cleat, crampon (a protrusion on the bottom of a shoe for better traction)
* spike
* clinger, hanger-on

#### Descendants

* → English: crampon
* → Romanian: crampon
* → Spanish: crampón
* → Turkish: krampon

### Further reading

* “crampon”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French crampon.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kramˈpon/

### Noun

crampon n (plural crampoane)
* (rail transport) square-headed spike used to fasten rails on sleepers / railroad ties
* cleat; crampon (protrusion on the bottom of a shoe for better traction)
* (botany) crampon (aerial root a climbing plant uses to affix itself to vertical support)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* crampon in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
# creamer
## English
### Etymology

From cream +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈkɹiː.mə(ɹ)/
* (US) IPA: /ˈkɹiː.mɚ/
* Rhymes: -iːmə(ɹ)

### Noun

creamer (plural creamers)
* A jug for holding cream.
* A separator for removing cream from milk to leave skimmed milk.
* A nondairy product that adds a creamy texture to coffee.
    Synonyms: lightener, whitener
    nondairy creamer
* A small thimble-sized or stick-shaped container of milk or cream, used as a standard individual "cream" or "milk" portion, typically provided by restaurants for cups of tea or coffee. In recent decades usually a disposable plastic container; in the mid-20th century often a tiny porcelain pitcher.

#### Derived terms

* cow creamer

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* amercer, ceramer
# ball return
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

ball return (plural ball returns)
* (bowling) A rack for bowling balls at the start of a bowling lane, where the balls are transported after returning from the pinsetter.
* (snooker, pool) A ramp inside the table, down which balls roll so they can be accessed.

### Anagrams

* return ball
# ten-strike
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

ten-strike (plural ten-strikes)
* (bowling, dated) A strike; the knocking down of all ten pins with one delivery of the ball.
** 1936, Robert E. Howard, Evil Deeds at Red Cougar:I started to tell him I warn't studying Jeff Middleton, but jest then a lot of whooping bust out in the bowling alley like somebody had made a ten-strike or something, and here come six men busting into the bar whooping and yelling and slapping one of 'em on the back.
* (US, informal, dated) Any quick, decisive stroke or act.
** 1908 September – 1909 September, Jack London, chapter 29, in Martin Eden, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, published September 1909, →OCLC:At his lowest ebb, when his black suit was in pawn, he made a ten-strike—or so it seemed to him—in a prize contest arranged by the County Committee of the Republican Party. There were three branches of the contest, and he entered them all, laughing at himself bitterly the while in that he was driven to such straits to live.
** 1925 July, Weird Tales, page 136:GREYE LA SPINA werewolf serial, Invaders From the Dark, seems to have scored a ten-strike with the readers of Weird Tales, to judge by the letters that have poured in to The Eyrie

### References

* “ten-strike”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# pinsetting
## English
### Etymology

From pin +‎ setting.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

pinsetting (uncountable)
* (bowling) The clearing and resetting of fallen pins in tenpin bowling.
    Synonym: pinspotting