# داستان
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دَاسْتَان (dāstān, “tale, story”).

### Noun

داستان • (dastan, destan)
* tale, legend, myth, fable, any fictitious narrative told to excite wonder
    Synonyms: اسطوره (ustura), افسانه (efsane), قصه (kıssa), مثل (masal)
* tale, chronicle, story, account, any narrative description of past events

#### Descendants

* Turkish: destan
* → Armenian: տէստան (tēstan)

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “destan2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1180
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “destan”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 212
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “داستان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 561
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Fabula”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 538
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “داستان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2003
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “destan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “داستان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 882

## Persian
### Etymology

Probably a clipping of Middle Persian [script needed] (dātistān /⁠d'tst'n'⁠/, “law, process, court case”), from Proto-Iranian *dāt-ya- (“of the law”), from Proto-Iranian *daH- (“to place, put”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do, place”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Iran):(file)
(phonemic)
* (Classical Persian) IPA: [dɑːs.ˈtɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ɑːs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ɑːs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪ɑːs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪ɔːs.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪ɒːs.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪ɔs.t̪ʰɔ́n]
(phonetic)
* (Iran) IPA: [d̪ɒːsˈt̪ʰɒːn]

### Noun

| Dari | داستان |
| Iranian Persian | داستان |
| Tajik | достон |
داسْتان • (dâstân) (plural داستان‌ها (dâstân-hâ))
* tale, story
    Synonym: قِصِّه (qesse)
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 694—695:آمدیم اندر تمامی داستان / وز وفاداری جمع راستان‌ / کز پس این پیشوا برخاستند / بر مقامش نایبی می‌خواستندâmadim andar tamâmi-ye dâstân / v-az vafâdâri-ye jam'-e râstân / k-az pas-e in pišvâ bar-xâstand / bar maqâm-aš nâ'ib-i mi-xâstandWe come [now] to complete the tale and [speak] of the loyalty of the multitude of the righteous, who rose up after [the death of] this leader, demanding a vicar in his place.

#### Derived terms

* داستان سرا (dâstân-sarâ, “storyteller”)
* داستان نویس (dâstân-nevis, “storywriter”)
* داستان کوتاه (dâstân-e kutâh, “short story”)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: դաստան (dastan)
* → Azerbaijani: dastan
* → Bengali: দাস্তান (dastan)
* → Baluchi: دستاں (dastá̃)
* → English: dastan
* → Gujarati: દાસ્તાન (dāstān)
* → Kazakh: дастан (dastan)
* → Kyrgyz: дастан (dastan)
* → Marwari: दासतांन (dāstā̃n), दास्ताँन (dāstā̃n)
* → Middle Hindi: داستاں (dastaṉ)
** Hindustani:
    Hindi: दास्तान (dāstān), दास्ताँ (dāstā̃), दास्तां (dāstā̃)
    Urdu: داسْتان (dāstān), داسْتاں (dāstā̃)
* → Ottoman Turkish: داستان (dâstân)
** Turkish: destan
** → Armenian: տէստան (tēstan)
* → Pashto: داستان (dāstān)
* → Punjabi:
** Gurmukhi script: ਦਾਸਤਾਨ (dāstān), ਦਾਸਤਾਂ (dāstā̃)
** Shahmukhi script: داسْتان (dāstān), داسْتاں (dāstāṉ)
* → Tatar: дастан (dastan)
* → Uyghur: داستان (dastan)
** Chinese: 達斯坦／达斯坦 (dásītǎn)
* → Zazaki: destan

### References

* ↑ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 424
* ↑ Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 94

### Further reading

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “داستان”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

## Urdu
### Alternative forms

* داسْتاں (dāstā̃)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دَاسْتَان (dāstān). First attested in c. 1649 as Middle Hindi داستاں (dastaṉ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d̪ɑːs.t̪ɑːn/
* (poetic) IPA: /d̪ɑːs.t̪ɑ̃ː/
* Rhymes: -ɑːn, -ɑ̃ː

### Noun

داسْتان • (dāstān) f (Hindi spelling दास्तान)
* story, tale, narrative
    Synonyms: قِصَّہ (qissa), کَہانی (kahānī)

#### Declension

Declension of داستان :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | داسْتان (dāstān) | داسْتانیں (dāstānẽ) |
| oblique | داسْتان (dāstān) | داسْتانوں (dāstānõ) |
| vocative | داسْتان (dāstān) | داسْتانو (dāstāno) |

### References

* ↑ Kuczkiewicz-Fraś, Agnieszka (2008) “dāstān”, in Perso-Arabic Loanwords in Hindustani, Part 1 Dictionary, Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, →ISBN, page 197.
* ↑ “داستان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

## Uyghur
### Etymology

From Classical Persian دَاسْتَان (dāstān).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɑstɑn/

### Noun

داستان • (dastan) (plural داستانلار (dastanlar))
* tale; long poem

#### See also

* 達斯坦／达斯坦 (dásītǎn)