# 俠

| 俠 | U+4FE0, &#20448; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FE0 |
| ← 俟 [U+4FDF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 信 → [U+4FE1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

俠 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人大人人 (OKOO), four-corner 2423$_8$, composition ⿰亻夾)
* knight-errantry

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 105, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 706
* Dae Jaweon: page 224, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 158, character 7
* Unihan data for U+4FE0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 俠
* Small seal scripts05773Transcribed ancient scriptsL38583L38584L29588L29589
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 瘞 | *qrebs |
| 瘱 | *qeːbs |
| 脥 | *kʰemʔ |
| 浹 | *skaːb, *skeːb |
| 挾 | *skaːb, *ɡeːb |
| 夾 | *kreːb |
| 郟 | *kreːb |
| 筴 | *sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb |
| 裌 | *kreːb |
| 鵊 | *kreːb |
| 狹 | *ɡreːb |
| 峽 | *ɡreːb |
| 硤 | *ɡreːb |
| 陜 | *ɡreːb |
| 陿 | *ɡreːb |
| 翜 | *sraːb, *srɯːb |
| 梜 | *kraːb, *keːb |
| 頰 | *keːb |
| 莢 | *keːb |
| 鋏 | *keːb |
| 蛺 | *keːb |
| 唊 | *keːb |
| 悏 | *kʰeːb |
| 匧 | *kʰeːb |
| 愜 | *kʰeːb |
| 篋 | *kʰeːb |
| 俠 | *ɡeːb |
| 綊 | *ɡeːb |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiá (xia$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hap$^6$ / haap$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hia̍p
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hiab$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hiĕk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hieh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiap / hia̍p
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hiab$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiá
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siá
*** Wade–Giles: hsia$^2$
*** Yale: syá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shya
*** Palladius: ся (sja)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hap$^6$ / haap$^6$
*** Yale: hahp / haahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hap$^9$ / haap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heb$^6$ / hab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐp̚²/, /haːp̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hia̍p
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiab
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hiab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯ap̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hiab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /hiap̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hiĕk
*** Sinological IPA : /hieʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hieh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiɛʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hieh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiɛʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiap
*** Tâi-lô: kiap
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiab
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiap̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiap̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍p
*** Tâi-lô: hia̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiap
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiap̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiap̚²⁴/
* kiap - colloquial variant;
* hia̍p - literary.
* Middle Chinese: hep
Rime :
| Character | 俠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 怗 (158) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 胡頰切 |
| Baxter | hep |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦep̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦep̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɛp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦɛp̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣep̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣiep̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣiep̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xié |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jip$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːb/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 俠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5915 |
| Phonetic component | 夾 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 協 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡeːb/ |

### Definitions

俠
* chivalrous person; knight-errant
* chivalrous; gallant

### Compounds

* 七俠五義／七侠五义
* 三俠五義／三侠五义
* 任俠／任侠
* 伉俠／伉侠
* 佳俠／佳侠
* 俠侍／侠侍
* 俠士／侠士 (xiáshì)
* 俠客／侠客 (xiákè)
* 俠拜／侠拜
* 俠氣／侠气
* 俠氣干雲／侠气干云
* 俠盜／侠盗
* 俠義／侠义 (xiáyì)
* 俠骨／侠骨
* 俠骨柔腸／侠骨柔肠
* 凶俠
* 劍俠／剑侠 (jiànxiá)
* 大俠／大侠 (dàxiá)
* 小飛俠／小飞侠
* 武俠／武侠 (wǔxiá)
* 武俠小說／武侠小说
* 游俠／游侠 (yóuxiá)
* 獨行俠／独行侠 (dúxíngxiá)
* 義俠／义侠 (yìxiá)
* 義俠記／义侠记
* 蝙蝠俠／蝙蝠侠 (Biānfúxiá)
* 豪俠／豪侠 (háoxiá)
* 豪俠好義／豪侠好义
* 豪俠強徒／豪侠强徒
* 輕財任俠／轻财任侠
* 鑑湖女俠／鉴湖女侠
* 風塵三俠／风尘三侠

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “侠”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 254.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 侠 |
| Kyūjitai | 俠 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 侠)
* chivalrous person
* chivalry
* knight-errant
* tomboy

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)
* Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
* Tō-on: きゃん (kyan)
* Kun: おとこだて (otokodate, 俠)
* Nanori: いさむ (isamu)、さとる (satoru)、たもつ (tamotsu)、ちか (chika)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 俠
* きょう Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 俠 (MC hep).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きょー [kyóꜜò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲo̞ː]

#### Noun

俠(きょう) • (kyō)
* Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous spirit

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 俠
* きゃん Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From a later borrowing of Middle Chinese 俠 (MC hep). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きゃん [kyáꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

俠(きゃん) • (kyan)
* Kyūjitai form of 侠: a chivalrous person; a tomboy

#### Adjective

俠(きゃん) • (kyan) -na (adnominal 俠(きゃん)な (kyan na), adverbial 俠(きゃん)に (kyan ni))
* Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous, tomboyish

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 俠だろ | きゃんだろ | kyan daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 俠で | きゃんで | kyan de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 俠だ | きゃんだ | kyan da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 俠な | きゃんな | kyan na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 俠なら | きゃんなら | kyan nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 俠であれ | きゃんであれ | kyan de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 俠ではない 俠じゃない | きゃんではない きゃんじゃない | kyan de wa nai kyan ja nai |
| Informal past | 俠だった | きゃんだった | kyan datta |
| Informal negative past | 俠ではなかった 俠じゃなかった | きゃんではなかった きゃんじゃなかった | kyan de wa nakatta kyan ja nakatta |
| Formal | 俠です | きゃんです | kyan desu |
| Formal negative | 俠ではありません 俠じゃありません | きゃんではありません きゃんじゃありません | kyan de wa arimasen kyan ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 俠でした | きゃんでした | kyan deshita |
| Formal negative past | 俠ではありませんでした 俠じゃありませんでした | きゃんではありませんでした きゃんじゃありませんでした | kyan de wa arimasen deshita kyan ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 俠で | きゃんで | kyan de |
| Conditional | 俠なら（ば） | きゃんなら（ば） | kyan nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 俠だったら | きゃんだったら | kyan dattara |
| Volitional | 俠だろう | きゃんだろう | kyan darō |
| Adverbial | 俠に | きゃんに | kyan ni |
| Degree | 俠さ | きゃんさ | kyansa |

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

俠 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp)
* chivalrous person
* knight-errant

## Vietnamese
### Han character

俠: Hán Nôm readings: hiệp
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.