# ध्यान
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna). Doublet of दीन (dīn) (“creed, religion”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /d̪ʱjɑːn/, [d̪ʱjä̃ːn]

### Noun

ध्यान • (dhyān) m (Urdu spelling دھیان)
* attention, focus
** 2014, Kausar Munir, Palat – Tera Hero Idhar Hai , (from the movie w:Main Tera Hero):तेरा ध्यान किधर है? यह तेरा हीरो इधर है!terā dhyān kidhar hai? yah terā hīro idhar hai!Where is your focus? Your hero is right here!
* meditation, reflection
* consideration, notice, heedfulness, care
    ध्यान रखना ― dhyān rakhnā ― to take care
    ध्यान से ― dhyān se ― carefully
* reflection, reverie

#### Declension
### Further reading

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “ध्यान”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪ʱjan/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ध्यान • (dhyān) m
* meditation
* attention

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ধ্যান (Assamese script)
* ᬥ᭄ᬬᬵᬦ (Balinese script)
* ধ্যান (Bengali script)
* 𑰠𑰿𑰧𑰯𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀥𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀦 (Brahmi script)
* ဓျာန (Burmese script)
* ધ્યાન (Gujarati script)
* ਧ੍ਯਾਨ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌧𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌨 (Grantha script)
* ꦣꦾꦴꦤ (Javanese script)
* 𑂡𑂹𑂨𑂰𑂢 (Kaithi script)
* ಧ್ಯಾನ (Kannada script)
* ធ្យាន (Khmer script)
* ຘ຺ຍານ (Lao script)
* ധ്യാന (Malayalam script)
* ᢡᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘠𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘡 (Modi script)
* ᢑᠾᠶ᠋ᠠᢗᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧀𑧠𑧇𑧑𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐢𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣 (Newa script)
* ଧ୍ଯାନ (Odia script)
* ꢤ꣄ꢫꢵꢥ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆣𑇀𑆪𑆳𑆤 (Sharada script)
* 𑖠𑖿𑖧𑖯𑖡 (Siddham script)
* ධ්‍යාන (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩮 𑪙𑩻𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚜𑚶𑚣𑚭𑚝 (Takri script)
* த்⁴யாந (Tamil script)
* ధ్యాన (Telugu script)
* ธฺยาน (Thai script)
* དྷྱཱ་ན (Tibetan script)
* 𑒡𑓂𑒨𑒰𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨜𑩇𑨪𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From the root ध्यै (dhyai, “to contemplate, meditate, think of”); see there for more. Compare Persian دین (din, “religion”), Parthian 𐫅𐫏𐫗 (dyn, “religion”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (daēnā, “religion, vision”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /dʱjɑː.nɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈd̪ʱjɑː.n̪ɐ/

### Noun

ध्यान • (dhyāna) stem, n
* meditation, contemplation, thought, reflection, (especially) profound and abstract religious meditation; a dhyana
    ध्यानम् आस्था, ध्यानं गम्, ध्यानम् आपद् ― dhyānam āsthā, dhyānaṃ gam, dhyānam āpad ― to indulge in religious meditation
* mental representation of the personal attributes of a deity
* insensibility, dullness

#### Descendants

* Pali: jhāna
** → Khmer: ឈាន (chiən)
** → Lao: ຊານ (sān)
** → Burmese: ဈာန် (jhan)
** → Northern Thai: ᨫᩣ᩠ᨶ (saan⁴)
** → Thai: ฌาน (chaan)
* Prakrit: 𑀛𑀸𑀡 (jhāṇa)
* Sinhalese: දන් (dan)
* → Bengali: ধ্যান (dhên)
* → Chinese: 禪那／禅那 (chánnuó) (Middle Chinese /d͡ʑiᴇn nɑ/) ~ 禪／禅 (chán) (/d͡ʑiᴇn/)
** → Japanese: 禅那 (zenna) ~ 禅 (zen)
*** → English: Zen
*** → French: zen
*** → German: Zen
*** → Spanish: Zen
*** → Thai: เซน (seen), เซ็น (sen)
** → Korean: 선 (seon)
** → Vietnamese: thiền na ~ thiền
* → English: dhyana
* → Gujarati: ધ્યાન (dhyān)
* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: ध्यान (dhyān)
** Urdu: دھیان (dhyān)
* → Kannada: ಧ್ಯಾನ (dhyāna)
* → Khmer: ធ្យាន (thyiən)
* → Marathi: ध्यान (dhyān)
* → Malayalam: ധ്യാനം (dhyānaṁ)
* → Punjabi: ਧਿਆਨ (dhiāna)
* → Tamil: தியானம் (tiyāṉam)
* → Telugu: ధ్యానం (dhyānaṁ)
* → Tibetan: བསམ་གཏན (bsam gtan) (calque)

### Proper noun

ध्यान • (Dhyāna) m
* name of a particular personification
* name of the 11th day of the light half in Brahma's month

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “ध्यान”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 521/1.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 777-778; 798
* Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 48-50