# 皿

| 皿 | U+76BF, &#30399; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76BF |
| ← 皾 [U+76BE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 盀 → [U+76C0] |
| ⽫ | U+2F6B, &#12139; KANGXI RADICAL DISH |
| ← ⽪ [U+2F6A] | Kangxi Radicals | ⽬ → [U+2F6C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

皿 (Kangxi radical 108, 皿+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 月廿 (BT), four-corner 7710$_0$, composition ⿴𠀃⿰丨丨 or ⿱𦉫一)
* Kangxi radical #108, ⽫.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/皿
* 𠰘, 㳑, 𭜛, 𫒏, 血, 𠱄, 孟, 𡘃, 𪭌, 昷, 㭗, 泴, 𥥊, 笽, 蛊, 𬵉, 𪉟, 齍
* 𭮓, 𭸒, 𫴃, 𨡰, 𥂳, 𨣓, 𪉩, 𪉶, 蠱, 𦱣, 𦷐, 𦹧, 𦻌, 𦼬, 䕄, 𦿘, 𧀽, 𧂚, 𮆊, 𥶊, 鹽
* 𢴕, 𤡛, 𥢃, 橀, 醯, 醓, 䭍, 𤎏, 簋

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 792, character 33
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22941
* Dae Jaweon: page 1207, character 29
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2557, character 1
* Unihan data for U+76BF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 皿 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 猛 | *mraːŋʔ |
| 艋 | *mraːŋʔ |
| 蜢 | *mraːŋʔ |
| 皿 | *maŋʔ |
| 孟 | *mraːŋs |
Pictogram (象形) A pictograph of an empty container, such as a chalice. The handles are conjoined in the modern form.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mǐn, mǐng (min$^3$, ming$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄣˇ, ㄇㄧㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ming$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mén
* Jin (Wiktionary): ming$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): měng
* Eastern Min (BUC): mīng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ming$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): béng / bín
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mêng$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$min; $^5$min
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): min$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǐn
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǐn
*** Wade–Giles: min$^3$
*** Yale: mǐn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miin
*** Palladius: минь (minʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /min²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǐng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǐng
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^3$
*** Yale: mǐng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miing
*** Palladius: мин (min)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ming$^5$
*** Yale: míhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ming$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ming$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɪŋ¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mén
*** Hakka Romanization System: men$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: men$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /men³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ming$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /mĩŋ⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: měng
*** Sinological IPA : /meiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mīng
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ming$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ming$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: béng
*** Tâi-lô: bíng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: beang
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /biɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bín
*** Tâi-lô: bín
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bien
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bin⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bin⁵³/
* béng - literary;
* bín - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: mjaengX
Rime :
| Character | 皿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 武永切 |
| Baxter | mjaengX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠiæŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miaŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /miajŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /miɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯ɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǐng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ming$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mraŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*maŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 皿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mǐn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjæng$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*mraŋʔ/ |
| English | vessel, bowl |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 皿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9151 |
| Phonetic component | 皿 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 皿 |
| Old Chinese | /*maŋʔ/ |

#### Definitions

皿
* dish; vessel
    培養皿／培养皿 ― péiyǎngmǐn ― Petri dish

##### Usage notes

* As a component of other characters, 皿 can be referred to as 皿字底 (mǐnzìdǐ), 皿墩 (mǐndūn) or 皿墩兒／皿墩儿 (mǐndūnr).

#### Compounds

* 北皿
* 南皿
* 器皿 (qìmǐn)
* 培養皿／培养皿 (péiyǎngmǐn)
* 皿卷
* 皿器
* 皿字底 (mǐnzìdǐ)
* 皿金
* 美耐皿 (měinàimǐn)
* 金皿

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 皿 – see 四 (“four; four directions; all directions; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 四).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: みょう (myō)
* Kan-on: べい (bei)
* Kun: さら (sara, 皿, Jōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 皿
* さら Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 盤
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *sara.
Attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling 娑羅 (sara).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さら [sàrá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sa̠ɾa̠]

### Noun

皿(さら) • (sara)
* dish, plate

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 사라 (sara)

### References

* ↑ “皿・盤”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

皿 (eumhun 그릇 명 (geureut myeong))
* hanja form of 명 (“dish”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

皿: Hán Nôm readings: mãnh, mảng, mảnh, mịn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.