# inferno
## English
### Etymology

From Italian inferno (“hell”), from Latin infernus (“of the lower regions”), inferna (“the lower regions”); see infernal.
The meaning "big fire" came as a figurative use from the traditional idea of hellfire.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ɪnˈfɝnoʊ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nəʊ

### Noun

inferno (plural infernos)
* A place or situation resembling Hell.
** 1899, D. C. Worcester, The Philippine Islands and Their People:At each sudden explosion in the inferno below they sprang back from the brink [of the volcanic crater].
** 1906, Upton Sinclair, The Jungle:When Jurgis had first inspected the packing plants with Szedvilas, he […] found that each one of these lesser industries was a separate little inferno, in its way as horrible as the killing beds, the source and fountain of them all[, and t]he workers in each of them had their own peculiar diseases.
* A large fire; a conflagration.
** 2006, Edwin Black, chapter 1, in Internal Combustion‎:Blast after blast, fiery outbreak after fiery outbreak, like a flaming barrage from within, […] most of Edison's grounds soon became an inferno. As though on an incendiary rampage, the fires systematically devoured the contents of Edison's headquarters and facilities.
** 2021 May 5, Drachinifel, 34:59 from the start, in Battle of Samar - What if TF34 was there?‎, archived from the original on 8 August 2022:Unfortunately for Admiral Kurita, this is where the good news ends. The fire started by New Jersey's hit amidships has spread, and there is now a towering inferno that occupies the middle third of the Japanese battleship.

#### Synonyms

* See Thesaurus:afterlife

#### Derived terms

* towering inferno

#### Related terms

* infernal

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Further reading

* “inferno”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
* “inferno”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* Fronnie, nonfire

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Italian inferno (“hell”), from Latin infernus (“of the lower regions”), inferna (“the lower regions”); see infernal. The meaning "big fire" came as a figurative use from the traditional idea of hellfire.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

inferno n (plural inferno's, diminutive infernootje n)
* hell-like place or situation
* hellfire
* a large fire

#### Synonyms

* (a hell-like place): onderwereld
* (hellfire): hellevuur
* (a large fire): vuurzee, vlammenzee

#### Related terms

* infernaal

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Italian inferno.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈinferno/, [ˈiɱfe̞rno̞]
* Rhymes: -inferno
* Syllabification: in‧fer‧no

### Noun

inferno
* inferno (place resembling hell, large fire)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of inferno (Kotus type 2/palvelu, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
infernoni
infernoni
accusative
nom.
infernoni
infernoni
gen.
infernoni
genitive
infernoni
infernojeni infernoideni infernoitteni
partitive
infernoani
infernojani infernoitani
inessive
infernossani
infernoissani
elative
infernostani
infernoistani
illative
infernooni
infernoihini
adessive
infernollani
infernoillani
ablative
infernoltani
infernoiltani
allative
infernolleni
infernoilleni
essive
infernonani
infernoinani
translative
infernokseni
infernoikseni
abessive
infernottani
infernoittani
instructive
comitative
—infernoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
infernosi
infernosi
accusative
nom.
infernosi
infernosi
gen.
infernosi
genitive
infernosi
infernojesi infernoidesi infernoittesi
partitive
infernoasi
infernojasi infernoitasi
inessive
infernossasi
infernoissasi
elative
infernostasi
infernoistasi
illative
infernoosi
infernoihisi
adessive
infernollasi
infernoillasi
ablative
infernoltasi
infernoiltasi
allative
infernollesi
infernoillesi
essive
infernonasi
infernoinasi
translative
infernoksesi
infernoiksesi
abessive
infernottasi
infernoittasi
instructive
comitative
—infernoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
infernomme
infernomme
accusative
nom.
infernomme
infernomme
gen.
infernomme
genitive
infernomme
infernojemme infernoidemme infernoittemme
partitive
infernoamme
infernojamme infernoitamme
inessive
infernossamme
infernoissamme
elative
infernostamme
infernoistamme
illative
infernoomme
infernoihimme
adessive
infernollamme
infernoillamme
ablative
infernoltamme
infernoiltamme
allative
infernollemme
infernoillemme
essive
infernonamme
infernoinamme
translative
infernoksemme
infernoiksemme
abessive
infernottamme
infernoittamme
instructive
comitative
—infernoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
infernonne
infernonne
accusative
nom.
infernonne
infernonne
gen.
infernonne
genitive
infernonne
infernojenne infernoidenne infernoittenne
partitive
infernoanne
infernojanne infernoitanne
inessive
infernossanne
infernoissanne
elative
infernostanne
infernoistanne
illative
infernoonne
infernoihinne
adessive
infernollanne
infernoillanne
ablative
infernoltanne
infernoiltanne
allative
infernollenne
infernoillenne
essive
infernonanne
infernoinanne
translative
infernoksenne
infernoiksenne
abessive
infernottanne
infernoittanne
instructive
comitative
—infernoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
infernonsa
infernonsa
accusative
nom.
infernonsa
infernonsa
gen.
infernonsa
genitive
infernonsa
infernojensa infernoidensa infernoittensa
partitive
infernoaan infernoansa
infernojaan infernoitaan infernojansa infernoitansa
inessive
infernossaan infernossansa
infernoissaan infernoissansa
elative
infernostaan infernostansa
infernoistaan infernoistansa
illative
infernoonsa
infernoihinsa
adessive
infernollaan infernollansa
infernoillaan infernoillansa
ablative
infernoltaan infernoltansa
infernoiltaan infernoiltansa
allative
infernolleen infernollensa
infernoilleen infernoillensa
essive
infernonaan infernonansa
infernoinaan infernoinansa
translative
infernokseen infernoksensa
infernoikseen infernoiksensa
abessive
infernottaan infernottansa
infernoittaan infernoittansa
instructive
comitative
—infernoineen infernoinensa :

## Galician
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese inferno, from Latin īnfernus (“infernal; of the lower regions”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iɱˈfɛɾno̝/

### Noun

inferno m (plural infernos)
* (Christianity) hell
* (figurative) a very unpleasable or negative situation

#### Derived terms

* infernal
* inferniño

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “inferno”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “inferno”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “inferno”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “inferno”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /inˈfɛr.no/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛrno
* Hyphenation: in‧fèr‧no

### Etymology 1

From Latin īnfernus (“of the lower regions”), derived from īnferus (“low”).

#### Adjective

inferno (feminine inferna, masculine plural inferni, feminine plural inferne)
* hellish, infernal
* (uncommon) lower, inferior

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Late Latin īnfernus, īnfernum (“the depths of the earth”), noun use of īnfernus (“of the lower regions”), derived from īnferus (“low”).

#### Noun

inferno m (plural inferni)
* hell
* inferno

##### Related terms

* infernale

##### Descendants

* → Dutch: inferno
* → English: inferno
* → German: Inferno
* → Italiot Greek: ινφιέρνο (infiérno)
* → Norwegian: inferno
* → Swedish: inferno

### Etymology 3

From the toponym Inferno (a place near Sondrio).

#### Noun

inferno m (plural inferni)
* a kind of red wine

### Further reading

* inferno$^1$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
* inferno$^2$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
* inferno$^3$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* frenino, nefroni

## Latin
### Adjective

īnfernō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of īnfernus

### Noun

īnfernō m
* dative/ablative singular of īnfernus

## Lombard
### Noun

inferno m
* (Old Lombard) Alternative form of inverno (etymology 2)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Italian inferno, from Latin infernus.

### Noun

inferno n (definite singular infernoet, indefinite plural inferno or infernoer, definite plural infernoa or infernoene)
* an inferno

### References

* “inferno” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “inferno” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Italian inferno, from Latin infernus.

### Noun

inferno n (definite singular infernoet, indefinite plural inferno, definite plural infernoa)
* an inferno

### References

* “inferno” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese inferno, iferno, from Latin īnfernus (“infernal; of the lower regions”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩˈfɛʁ.nu/ [ĩˈfɛɦ.nu]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ĩˈfɛʁ.nu/ [ĩˈfɛɦ.nu]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ĩˈfɛɾ.nu/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ĩˈfɛʁ.nu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ĩˈfɛɻ.no/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ĩˈfɛɾ.nu/
* (Caipira) IPA: /ĩ.ˈfɛɻ.nu/
* Hyphenation: in‧fer‧no

### Noun

inferno m (plural infernos)
* (Christianity) hell (where sinners go)
* (figurative) a very unpleasant or negative situation
* (figurative) a very hot place

### Interjection

inferno!
* hell (expressing discontent, unhappiness, or anger)

#### Related terms

* infernal
* inferninho

### Further reading

* “inferno”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

## Swedish
### Noun

inferno n
* an inferno; an extremely dangerous, chaotic and generally overwhelming situation

#### Usage notes

* Swedes would associate inferno with Dante but also with August Strindberg

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | inferno | infernos |
| singular | definite | infernot | infernots |
| plural | indefinite | infernon | infernons |
| plural | definite | infernona | infernonas |

#### Related terms

* infernalisk

### References

* inferno in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* inferno in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* inferno in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)