# معلوم
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the passive participle of عَلِمَ (ʕalima, “to know”), verb form I from the root ع ل م (ʕ-l-m): literally, “known”. The word is used to describe the active voice because the agent of the verb is mentioned and is therefore known. In the passive, on the other hand, the agent is usually not mentioned and is therefore unknown (مَجْهُول (majhūl)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maʕ.luːm/
* Rhymes: -uːm

### Adjective

مَعْلُوم • (maʕlūm) (feminine مَعْلُومَة (maʕlūma), masculine plural مَعْلُومُونَ (maʕlūmūna), feminine plural مَعْلُومَات (maʕlūmāt))
* known
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:197:الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَّعْلُومَاتٌal-ḥajju ʔašhurun maʕlūmātun(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* clear, evident, certain
* of course, yes (in answering)
* noteworthy, celebrated, distinguished
* (mathematics) given (mathematical quantity)

#### Descendants

* → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܲܥܠܘܼܡ (maʕlūm)
* → Azerbaijani: məlum
* → Hindi: मालूम (mālūm)
* → Judeo-Tat: мэгӀлуьм (məⱨlym)
* → Kazakh: мәлім (mälım), мағлұм (mağlūm)
* → Malay: maklum
* → Persian: معلوم (ma'lum)
* → Swahili: maalum
* → Turkish: malum
* → Urdu: معلوم (maʻlūm)
* → Uyghur: مەلۇم (melum)
* → Uzbek: maʼlum

### Noun

مَعْلُوم • (maʕlūm) m
* (grammar) active voice

#### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “معلوم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “معلوم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Noun

مَعْلُوم • (maʕlūm) m (plural مَعَالِيم (maʕālīm))
* income, salary, pension
* tax
* cost, amount

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “معلوم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “معلوم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Malay
### Verb

معلوم
* Jawi spelling of maklum‎

### Adjective

معلوم
* Jawi spelling of maklum‎

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [maʔ.ˈluːm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäʔ.lúːm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäʔ.lúːm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mɑː.lúːm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mɔː.lúm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mæʔ.lúːm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mäʔ.lúm]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Adjective

| Dari | معلوم |
| Iranian Persian | معلوم |
| Tajik | маълум |
معلوم • (ma'lum)
* (grammar) active
* known
* distinguished

#### Antonyms

* مجهول (majhul)

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ع ل م
* 7 terms

### Etymology

From Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maʕ.luːm/, [maʕˈluːm]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Adjective

معلوم • (maʕlūm) (feminine معلومة (maʕlūme))
* known, obvious
* of course, yes (in answering)

#### See also

* معروف (maʕrūf, “well-known, familiar”)

### Interjection

معلوم • (maʕlūm)
* of course!, naturally!
    Synonyms: طبعا (ṭabʕan), بالطبع (biṭ-ṭabʕ)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm) (through Classical Persian معلوم (ma'lūm)), from عَلِمَ (ʕalima).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /məʕ.luːm/, [mɑː.luːm]
* Rhymes: -uːm
* Hyphenation: مَعْ‧لُوم

### Adjective

مَعْلُوم • (ma'lūm) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling मालूम)
* known
    Synonym: پتا (patā)
    معلوم نہیں ― mālūm nahī̃ ― (I) don't know
* evident, clear; obvious

### References

* “معلوم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “معلوم”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* “معلوم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.