# मकर
## Hindi
### Etymology

From Sanskrit मकर (makara). Cognate with Marathi मकर (makar).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /mə.kəɾ/, [mɐ.kɐɾ]

### Noun

मकर • (makar) m (Urdu spelling مکر)
* a sea monster
* a crocodile

#### Declension
### Proper noun

मकर • (makar) m (Urdu spelling مکر)
* (astronomy) Capricornus
* (astrology) Capricorn

### See also

Zodiac signs in Hindi · राशियाँ (rāśiyā̃) (layout · text) :
| मेष (meṣ) | वृष (vŕṣ) | मिथुन (mithun) | कर्क (kark) |
| सिंह (sĩh) | कन्या (kanyā) | तुला (tulā) | वृश्चिक (vŕścik) |
| धनु (dhanu) | मकर (makar) | कुंभ (kumbh) | मीना (mīnā) |

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “मकर”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Marathi
### Etymology

From Sanskrit मकर (makara). Cognate with Hindi मकर (makar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mə.kəɾ/

### Proper noun

मकर • (makar) m
* (astronomy) Capricornus
* (astrology) Capricorn

### See also

Zodiac signs in Marathi · राशी (rāśī) (layout · text) :
| मेष (meṣ) | वृषभ (vŕṣabh) | मिथुन (mithun) | कर्क (karka) |
| सिंह (siuha) | कन्या (kanyā) | तूळ (tūḷ) | वृश्चिक (vŕścik) |
| धनु (dhanu) | मकर (makar) | कुंभ (kumbha) | मीन (mīn) |

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* মকৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬫᬓᬭ (Balinese script)
* মকর (Bengali script)
* 𑰦𑰎𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀫𑀓𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* မကရ (Burmese script)
* મકર (Gujarati script)
* ਮਕਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌮𑌕𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦩꦏꦫ (Javanese script)
* 𑂧𑂍𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಮಕರ (Kannada script)
* មករ (Khmer script)
* ມກຣ (Lao script)
* മകര (Malayalam script)
* ᠮᠠᡬᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘦𑘎𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᠮᠠᢉᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧆𑦮𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐩𑐎𑐬 (Newa script)
* ମକର (Odia script)
* ꢪꢒꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆩𑆑𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖦𑖎𑖨 (Siddham script)
* මකර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩴𑩜𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚢𑚊𑚤 (Takri script)
* மகர (Tamil script)
* మకర (Telugu script)
* มกร (Thai script)
* མ་ཀ་ར (Tibetan script)
* 𑒧𑒏𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨢𑨋𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Of unclear origin. Likely a borrowing, along with नक्र (nakra, “Scorpio; alligator; sea monster”), to which it may be related, from a non-Indo-European source, perhaps Dravidian. Attempts to connect the word with fish names in Hellenic and Baltic, as well as with Old Church Slavonic мокръ (mokrŭ, “wet”), are unconvincing.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /mɐ́.kɐ.ɾɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈmɐ.kɐ.ɾɐ/

### Noun

मकर • (mákara) stem, m
* a kind of sea-monster (sometimes confounded with the crocodile, shark, dolphin)
* (astrology, astronomy) name of the 10th sign of the zodiac (Capricornus)
* the 10th arc of 30 degrees in any circle L.
* an army of troops in the form of a मकर Mn. vii, 187
* an earring shaped like a मकर BhP. (Cf. मकर-कुण्डल)
* the hands folded in the form of a मकर Cat.
* one of the 9 treasures of Kubera
* one of the 8 magical treasures called पद्मिनी

#### Descendants

* Hindi: मकर (makar)
* → Malayalam: മകരം (makaraṁ)
* Marathi: मकर (makar)
* Pali: makara
** → Burmese: မကာရ (ma.kara.)
** → Khmer: មករ (môkâr), មករា (mĕəʼkaʼraa)
** → Thai: มกร (má-gɔɔn), มังกร (mang-gɔɔn)
* Punjabi: magar
    Gurmukhi script: ਮਗਰ
    Shahmukhi script: مَگَر
* → Middle Chinese: 摩竭 (MC ma gjot|gjet)
** Cantonese: 摩羯 (mo$^1$ kit$^3$)
** Mandarin: 摩羯 (mójié)
** Min Nan: 摩羯 (mô͘-kiat)
* → Tamil: மகரம் (makaram)
* → Telugu: మకరము (makaramu)

### See also

Zodiac signs in Sanskrit (layout · text) :
| मेष (meṣa) | ऋषभ (ṛṣabha) | मिथुन (mithuna) | कर्कटक (karkaṭaka) |
| सिंह (siṃha) | कन्या (kanyā) | तुला (tulā) | वृश्चिक (vṛścika) |
| धनु (dhanu) | मकर (makara) | कुम्भ (kumbha) | मीन (mīna) |

### References

* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “मकरः”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
* Monier Williams (1899) “मकर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 771/2.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “MAḾH- - mákara-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 286
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) “makamakāyate— mákarah”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 539-540