# crusta
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɹʌstə/

### Etymology 1

From Latin crusta (“shell, crust, inlaid work”).

#### Noun

crusta (plural crustae)
* A crust or shell.
* A gem engraved, or a plate embossed in low relief, for inlaying a vase or other object.

##### Related terms

* crusta lactea

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

crusta (plural crustas)
* A cocktail (typically of brandy, orange liqueur, bitters, and lemon juice and peel) distinguished by a sugared crust on the rim of the glass.
** 1862, Jerry Thomas, How to Mix Drinks, Or The Bon-vivant's Companion, Dick & Fitzgerald, page 52:Crusta is made the same as a fancy cocktail, with a little lemon juice and a small lump of ice added.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “crusta”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

### Anagrams

* curats, turcas

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रुड् (kruḍ, “thicken, make hard”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkrus.ta/, [ˈkrʊs̠t̪ä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkrus.ta/, [ˈkrust̪ä]

### Noun

crusta f (genitive crustae); first declension
* The hard surface of a body; rind, shell, crust, bark, scab.
* Plaster, mosaic or stucco work on a wall.

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* crustārius
* crustō
* crustōsus
* crustula

#### Descendants

* Catalan: crosta
* Old French: croste, crust, cruste, crouste, crut
** Middle French: crouste
*** French: croûte
** Norman: crôte
** → Middle English: cruste, croste, crouste, curst
*** English: crust
*** → Welsh: crwst
*** Yola: crewst, crwest
* Friulian: croste
* Galician: crosta
* Italian: crosta
* Occitan: crosta
* Portuguese: crosta
* Romanian: crustă
* Sicilian: crusta
* Spanish: costra
* Venetan: crosta, grosta
* → Middle Dutch: corste
** Dutch: korst
* → Old High German: krusta
** German: Kruste
* → Greek: κρούστα (kroústa)

### Noun

crusta n
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of crustum

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “crusta”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 147

### Further reading

* “crusta”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “crusta”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* crusta in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* crusta in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “crusta”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “crusta”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “crŭsta”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 1371