# doucai
## Old Irish
### Etymology

From to- +‎ Proto-Celtic *unketi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁unékti, *h₁unkénti (“to get used to, learn”, nasal infix present) from the root *h₁ewk-. Cognate with Sanskrit उच्यति (ucyati, “to be accustomed”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃 (biuhts, “accustomed”), Old Church Slavonic оучити (učiti, “to teach”) and вꙑкнѫти (vyknǫti, “to acclimate; to learn”), and Lithuanian jùnkti (“get used to”).
Often held to be a specialized sense of do·uic (“has brought”), the perfect of do·beir, and so listed in the Dictionary of the Irish Language; however the accuracy of this is questioned by some scholars.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [doˈhuɡɨ]

### Verb

do·ucai (prototonic ·tuccai)
* to understand
    Synonym: as·gnin
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 91$^c$1
    No scrútain-se, in tan no mbíinn isnaib fochaidib, dús in retarscar cairde ṅDǽ ⁊ a remcaissiu, ⁊ ní tucus-sa insin, in ru·etarscar fa naic.I used to consider, when I was in the tribulations, [to see] whether the covenant of God and his providence had departed, and I didn't understand [that,] whether it had departed or not.

#### Conjugation

| | | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. |
| Present indicative | Deut. | | | do·ucci, do·hucci, du·ucai | | | do·ucet | do·ucthar, do·hucthar, du·ucthar, tu·ucthar | |
| Present indicative | Prot. | ·tucu | | ·tucci, ·tuicci, ·tucai, ·tuccai | | | ·tucat, ·tuccat | ·tucthar | ·tuctar, ·tucatar |
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | | | | | | | | |
| Imperfect indicative | Prot. | | | | | | ·tuctais | | |
| Preterite | Deut. | | | | | | | | |
| Preterite | Prot. | ·tucus | | | | ·tucsid | ·tucsat, ·tuicset | | |
| Perfect | Deut. | | | | | | | | |
| Perfect | Prot. | | | | | | | | |
| Future | Deut. | | | | | | | | |
| Future | Prot. | | | ·tucfa | | do·ucbaid | | ·tuccfither | |
| Conditional | Deut. | | | | | | | | |
| Conditional | Prot. | | | | | | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | | | | do·uccam | | | do·ucthar, do·hucthar, du·ucthar, tu·ucthar | |
| Present subjunctive | Prot. | ·tuc | ·tucce, ·tuicce, ·tucca | | | ·tucid, ·tuccid, ·ducaid | | | |
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | | | | | | | ·ducthe | |
| Past subjunctive | Prot. | ·tuccin | | | ·tucmis | | | | |
| Imperative | Imperative | | | | | | | | |
| Verbal noun | Verbal noun | | | | | | | | |
| Past participle | Past participle | | | | | | | | |
| Verbal of necessity | Verbal of necessity | | | | | | | | |

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: tuicid
** Irish: tuig
** Manx: toig
** Scottish Gaelic: tuig

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*u-n-k-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 400

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “do·beir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, § 665.10, pages 471–472