# शंस्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* শংস্ (Assamese script)
* ᬰᬂᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
* শংস্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰫𑰽𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀰𑀁𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ၐံသ် (Burmese script)
* શંસ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਸ਼ਂਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌶𑌂𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦯꦁꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂬𑂁𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಶಂಸ್ (Kannada script)
* ឝំស៑ (Khmer script)
* ຨໍສ຺ (Lao script)
* ശംസ് (Malayalam script)
* ᢀ᠋ᡧᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
* 𑘫𑘽𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᢀ᠋ᠱᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧋𑧞𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐱𑑄𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
* ଶଂସ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢯꢀꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆯𑆁𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖫𑖽𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
* ශංස් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩿𑪖𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚧𑚫𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
* ஶஂஸ் (Tamil script)
* శంస్ (Telugu script)
* ศํสฺ (Thai script)
* ཤཾ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒬𑓀𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨮𑨸𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱens- (“to announce, declare solemnly”). Cognate with Persian سخن (soxan, “speech”), Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “order, honor; mankind; world”), Latin cēnseō (“recommend, decree; reckon”) (whence cēnsus), as well as possibly Latin carmen (“composition, tune”) and English herry (“praise, honor”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕɐ̃s/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɕɐs̪/

### Root

शंस् • (śaṃs)
* to praise, commend, approve
* to recite, repeat (texts, invocations)
* to vow
* to wish
* to foretell, predict, prognosticate
* to calumniate, revile
* to hurt, injure
* to be unhappy

#### Derived terms
##### Primary Verbal Forms

* शंसति (śáṃsati, Present)
* शंसिष्यति (śaṃsiṣyáti, Future)
* शंसिता (śaṃsitā́, Periphrastic Future)
* अशंसीत् (áśaṃsīt, Aorist)
* शस्यात् (śasyā́t, Benedictive)
* शशंस (śaśáṃsa, Perfect)

##### Secondary Forms

* शस्यते (śasyáte, Passive)
* अशंसि (áśaṃsi, Passive Aorist)
* शंसयति (śaṃsáyati, Causative)
* अशशंसत् (áśaśaṃsat, Causative Aorist)
* शिशंसिषति (śiśaṃsiṣati, Desiderative)
* शाशस्यते (śāśasyate, Intensive)
* शाशंस्ति (śāśaṃsti, Intensive)

##### Non-Finite Forms

* शस्त (śastá, Past Participle)
* शंसित (śaṃsita, Past Participle)
* शंसितुम् (śaṃsitum, Infinitive)
* शसे (śase, Infinitive)
* शस्त्वा (śastvā́, Gerund)
* शस्य (śasya, Gerund)
* शंस्य (śaṃsya, Gerund)
* शंसम् (śaṃsam, Gerund)
* शंस्य (śáṃsya, Gerundive)
* शस्य (śásya, Gerundive)
* शंस्तव्य (śaṃstavya, Gerundive)

##### Derived Nominal Forms

* शंस (śáṃsa)
* शंसन (śaṃsana)
* शंसिन् (śaṃsin)
* शंस्तृ (śáṃstṛ)
* शस् (śas)
* शस्ति (śastí)
* शस्त्र (śastrá)
* शस्मन् (śásman)

##### Prefixed Root Forms

* अतिशंस् (atiśaṃs)
* अनुशंस् (anuśaṃs)
* अभिशंस् (abhiśaṃs)
* आशंस् (āśaṃs)
* प्रतिशंस् (pratiśaṃs)
* प्रशंस् (praśaṃs)
* विशंस् (viśaṃs)
* संशंस् (saṃśaṃs)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “शंस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1044, column 3.
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “शंस्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 169
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “शंस्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
* Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “śaṃs”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 599-600
* Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 334-5
* Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 356
* Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 326
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) “566”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 566