OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# перепустка
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From пе́ре́- (péré-, prefix) +‎ пусти́ти (pustýty, “to let in”, verb) +‎ -ка (-ka, suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [peˈrɛpʊstkɐ]
* Hyphenation: пе‧ре‧пус‧тка

### Noun

пере́пустка • (perépustka) f inan (genitive пере́пустки, nominative plural пере́пустки, genitive plural пере́пусток)
* pass (document granting permission to pass or to go and come)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “перепустка”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “перепустка”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “перепустка”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
* “перепустка”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# asentwado
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔasentˈwado/ [ʔɐ.sɛn̪t̪ˈwaː.d̪o]
* Rhymes: -ado
* Syllabification: a‧sent‧wa‧do

### Adjective

asentwado (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜏᜇᜓ)
* Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of asentuwado.

#### Usage notes

* This spelling does not follow the rule of double vowel clusters with an /i/ or /u/ as the first vowel when at the start of a word or when following a double consonant (where the standard is to retain the vowel cluster and add a ⟨y⟩ or ⟨w⟩ in between). See Appendix:Tagalog spellings for details.
# gotten the better of
## English
### Verb

gotten the better of
* past participle of get the better of
# камил
## Mariupol Greek
### Etymology

Cognate with Greek καμήλα (kamíla).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɐˈmʲiɫ]
* Hyphenation: ка‧мил

### Noun

ками́л • (kamíl) n
* camel

#### Declension
### References

* A. A. Diamantopulo-Rionis with D. L. Demerdzhi, A. M. Davydova-Diamantopulo, A. A. Shapurma, R. S. Kharabadot, and D. K. Patricha (2006) “ками́л”, in Румейско-русский и русско-румейский словарь пяти диалектов греков Приазовья, Mariupol, →ISBN
* G. A. Animica, M. P. Galikbarova (2013) “камил”, in Румеку глоса‎, Donetsk
# 上書き
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 上 | 書 |
| うわ Grade: 1 | か > が Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 上書

### Etymology

Compound of 上 (uwa, “over; above”) +‎ 書き (kaki, “write”). The kaki changes to gaki due to rendaku (連濁).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うわがき [ùwágákí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɯ̟β̞a̠ɡa̠kʲi]

### Noun

上(うわ)書(が)き • (uwagaki)
* superscription
* overwriting

### Verb

上(うわ)書(が)きする • (uwagaki suru) suru (stem 上(うわ)書(が)きし (uwagaki shi), past 上(うわ)書(が)きした (uwagaki shita))
* to address; to superscribe
* to overwrite

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 上書きし | うわがきし | uwagaki shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 上書きし | うわがきし | uwagaki shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 上書きする | うわがきする | uwagaki suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 上書きする | うわがきする | uwagaki suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 上書きすれ | うわがきすれ | uwagaki sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 上書きせよ¹ 上書きしろ² | うわがきせよ¹ うわがきしろ² | uwagaki seyo¹ uwagaki shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 上書きされる | うわがきされる | uwagaki sareru |
| Causative | 上書きさせる 上書きさす | うわがきさせる うわがきさす | uwagaki saseru uwagaki sasu |
| Potential | 上書きできる | うわがきできる | uwagaki dekiru |
| Volitional | 上書きしよう | うわがきしよう | uwagaki shiyō |
| Negative | 上書きしない | うわがきしない | uwagaki shinai |
| Negative continuative | 上書きせず | うわがきせず | uwagaki sezu |
| Formal | 上書きします | うわがきします | uwagaki shimasu |
| Perfective | 上書きした | うわがきした | uwagaki shita |
| Conjunctive | 上書きして | うわがきして | uwagaki shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 上書きすれば | うわがきすれば | uwagaki sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* (superscription): 表(おもて)書(が)き (omotegaki)
* (overwrite): オーバーライト (ōbāraito)

### References

* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# άλυσο
## Greek
### Noun

άλυσο • (ályso)
* (masculine) accusative singular of άλυσος (álysos)
* (feminine) accusative singular of άλυσος (álysos)
# odborníčka
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɔdbɔrɲiːt͡ʃka]

### Noun

odborníčka f
* female expert

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “odborníčka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# ιστορικοί
## Greek
### Noun

ιστορικοί • (istorikoí) m or f
* nominative/vocative plural of ιστορικός (istorikós)
# show-up
## English
### Etymology

Deverbal from show up. (showing of a suspect): Compare lineup.

### Noun

show-up (plural show-ups)
* (law enforcement) The showing of a suspect to a victim by police in the hope of identifying the suspect as the culprit.
* At Eton College, a reward for good schoolwork (which is shown to one's housemaster and tutor and signed).
    Antonym: rip
# getting the better of
## English
### Verb

getting the better of
* present participle of get the better of
# stras
## Cornish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

stras m (plural strasow)
* flat valley
* lowland

## French
### Noun

stras m (plural stras)
* Archaic form of strass.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French strass.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstras/
* Rhymes: -as
* Syllabification: stras

### Noun

stras m inan
* rhinestone, strass, paste, diamante (brilliant glass used in the manufacture of artificial paste gemstones, consisting essentially of a complex borosilicate of lead and potassium)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* stras in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French strass.

### Noun

stras n (plural strasuri)
* rhinestone
# 물레방아
## Korean
### Etymology

물레 (mulle) +‎ 방아 (bang'a).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [muɭɭe̞ba̠ŋa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [물레방아]

### Noun

물레방아 • (mullebang'a)
* waterwheel, watermill
    Synonym: 물방아 (mulbang'a)
# 冬休み
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 冬 | 休 |
| ふゆ Grade: 2 | やす Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 冬休

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふゆやすみ [fùyúyáꜜsùmì] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟jɯ̟ja̠sɨmʲi]

### Noun

冬(ふゆ)休(やす)み • (fuyuyasumi)
* winter vacation
# αλχημίστριες
## Greek
### Noun

αλχημίστριες • (alchimístries) f
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of αλχημίστρια (alchimístria)
# legény
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Alanic; compare Ossetian лӕг (læg, “man, male”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlɛɡeːɲ]
* Hyphenation: le‧gény
* Rhymes: -eːɲ

### Noun

legény (plural legények)
* (somewhat dated or humorous) young man, lad, bachelor (unmarried)
    Synonyms: fiatalember, ifjú
    Coordinate terms: leány, lány

#### Derived terms

* legénység
* agglegény
* legénybúcsú
* legényember
* vőlegény

#### Descendants

* → Pannonian Rusyn: леґинь (leginʹ)
* → Ukrainian: ле́ґінь (léginʹ)

#### References

* ↑ Benkő, Loránd, ed. A magyar nyelv történeti-etimológiai szótára I–IV. (“The Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”). Budapest: Akadémiai, 1967–1984. →ISBN. Vol. 1: A–Gy (1967), vol. 2: H–O (1970), vol. 3: Ö–Zs (1976), vol. 4: index (1984). – German edition published as Benkő L., editor (1993–1997), “legény”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Ungarischen I–III [The Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (in German), Vol. 1: A–kop (1993), vol. 2: Kor–zs (1995), vol. 3: index (1997), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, →ISBN

### Further reading

* legény in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# πολιτισμό
## Greek
### Noun

πολιτισμό • (politismó) m
* accusative singular of πολιτισμός (politismós)
# undersexton
## English
### Etymology

From under- +‎ sexton.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

undersexton (plural undersextons)
* A subordinate sexton.
# maqsurah
## English
### Alternative forms

* maqsura

### Etymology

Arabic مقصورة (literally “closed-off space”)

### Noun

maqsurah (plural maqsurahs)
* An enclosure, box, or screen near the mihrab in a mosque, typically reserved for a Muslim ruler and his entourage, and originally designed to shield him from potential assassins during prayer.
* A similar enclosure around a tomb.
# lòi tói
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Nguyễn Quang Hồng in Từ điển chữ Nôm dẫn giải explains Etym 2 as follow: "sợi chỉ dùng khâu mắt con chim mồi. Trỏ sự đui mù, ngu dốt." [a thread used to sew raptors' eyes. Implying blindness and stupidity.] However, no other dictionaries, that i know of, attest to the existence this sense tho.”

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [lɔj˨˩ tɔj˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [lɔj˦˩ tɔj˨˩˦]
* (Saigon) IPA: [lɔj˨˩ tɔj˦˥]

### Noun

(classifier sợi) lòi tói • (耒碎, 𥋸𥊴, 䋘繓, 綠緣)
* (uncommon) (dây~) iron chain
    Synonyms: đòi tói, tói

### Adjective

lòi tói
* stupid, dim-witted
# Sega
## English
### Etymology

From Japanese セガ (Sega), an abbreviation of service games, because the company's earliest products were aimed at American servicemen on military bases.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈseɪ.ɡə/
* Rhymes: -eɪɡə

### Proper noun

Sega
* (Should we delete this sense?) (video games, trademark) A Japanese video game developer and publisher and manufacturer of arcade games and formerly of video game consoles.

#### Translations
### Noun

Sega (plural Segas)
* Any of various video game consoles manufactured by this company.
** 2007, S. Westwood, Suicide Junkie:I would lay in bed for a few hours playing games on my Sega, getting totally absorbed in it as though it were all real and then I would sleep for the rest of the day.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* ages, geas, sage, %ages, Sage

## Japanese
### Romanization

Sega
* Rōmaji transcription of セガ

## Swedish
### Alternative forms

* sega

### Noun

Sega n
* a Sega (video game console from Sega)

#### Derived terms

* Segadosa (“Sega controller”)
* Segakassett (“Sega cartridge”)
* Segakontroll (“Sega controller”)
* Segaspel (“Sega game”)

#### See also

* turbodosa (“turbo controller”)

### Proper noun

Sega n (genitive Segas)
* Sega (Japanese video game company)
# 助平
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 助 | 平 |
| すけ Grade: 3 | へい > べい Grade: 3 |
| yutōyomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 助平 – see the following entry. :
| 【助すけ平べい】 | [adjective] lecherous, lewd [noun] (informal) lewdness, lechery [noun] (informal) a lecher Alternative spellings 助兵衛, すけべ, スケベ, すけべえ |
(This term, 助平, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# αμεθύστου
## Greek
### Noun

αμεθύστου • (amethýstou) m
* genitive singular of αμέθυστος (améthystos)
# ιστορικέ
## Greek
### Noun

ιστορικέ • (istoriké) m or f
* vocative singular of ιστορικός (istorikós)
# undercarter
## English
### Etymology

From under- +‎ carter.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

undercarter (plural undercarters)
* A subordinate carter.
# имтиҳон
## Tajik
### Etymology

Inherited from Classical Persian اِمْتِحَان (imtihān), from Arabic اِمْتِحَان (imtiḥān).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /imtiˈhon/, [ʔim.t̪ʰi.ɦɔ́n]

### Noun

| Dari | امتحان |
| Iranian Persian | امتحان |
| Tajik | имтиҳон |
имтиҳон • (imtihon)
* examination
* trial, test
# hurisdiksyon
## Cebuano
### Noun

hurisdiksyón
* Alternative form of hurisdiksiyon

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /huɾisˈdiksjon/ [hʊ.ɾɪsˈd̪ik.ʃon̪]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /huɾisˈdiksjon/ [hʊ.ɾɪsˈd̪iks.jon̪]
* Rhymes: -iksjon
* Syllabification: hu‧ris‧diks‧yon

### Noun

hurisdiksyón (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)
* Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of hurisdiksiyon.

#### Usage notes

* This spelling does not follow the rule of double vowel clusters with an /i/ or /u/ as the first vowel when at the start of a word or when following a double consonant (where the standard is to retain the vowel cluster and add a ⟨y⟩ or ⟨w⟩ in between). See Appendix:Tagalog spellings for details.
# Hyperlink
## German
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English hyperlink.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [ˈhaɪ̯pɐˌlɪŋk]

### Noun

Hyperlink m (strong, genitive Hyperlinks, plural Hyperlinks)
* (computing, Internet) hyperlink
    Synonyms: Hypertextlink, Querverweis

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Hyperlink” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Hyperlink” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “Hyperlink” in Duden online
* Hyperlink on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$
# Harčár
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦart͡ʃaːr]

### Proper noun

Harčár m pers (female equivalent Harčárová)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Harčár”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# αμέθυστων
## Greek
### Adjective

αμέθυστων • (améthyston)
* genitive masculine plural of αμέθυστος (améthystos)
* genitive feminine plural of αμέθυστος (améthystos)
* genitive neuter plural of αμέθυστος (améthystos)

### Noun

αμέθυστων • (améthyston) m
* genitive plural of αμέθυστος (améthystos)
# Meleg
## Slovak
### Etymology

Derived from Hungarian meleg (“warm”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmeʎek]

### Proper noun

Meleg m pers (female equivalent Melegová)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Meleg”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# θητείας
## Greek
### Noun

θητείας • (thiteías) f
* genitive singular of θητεία (thiteía)
# underhorseman
## English
### Etymology

From under- +‎ horseman.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

underhorseman (plural underhorsemen)
* A subordinate horseman.
# Čulina
## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃǔlina/

### Proper noun

Čùlina m (Cyrillic spelling Чу̀лина)
* a surname
# instruksyon
## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ins‧truk‧syon
* IPA: /ʔinstɾuksˈjon/ [ʔin̪s.tɾukˈʃon̪]

### Noun

instruksyon
* Alternative spelling of instruksiyon

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish instrucción.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: in‧struk‧syon
* IPA: /ʔinstɾuksˈjon/ [ʔɪn̪s̪.t̪ɾ̪ʊks̪ˈjon̪]

### Noun

instruksyón
* instruction

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔinstɾuksˈjon/ [ʔɪn̪s.t̪ɾʊkˈʃon̪]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /ʔinstɾuksˈjon/ [ʔɪn̪s.t̪ɾʊksˈjon̪]
* Rhymes: -on
* Syllabification: ins‧truks‧yon

### Noun

instruksyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)
* Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of instruksiyon.

#### Usage notes

* This spelling does not follow the rule of double vowel clusters with an /i/ or /u/ as the first vowel when at the start of a word or when following a double consonant (where the standard is to retain the vowel cluster and add a ⟨y⟩ or ⟨w⟩ in between). See Appendix:Tagalog spellings for details.
# Očhéthi Šakówiŋ
## Lakota
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [oˈtʃʰetʰi ʃaˈkowĩ]

### Proper noun

Očhéthi Šakówiŋ
* The Seven Council Fires, the traditional political structure of the Lakota people of the northern United States. It refers to seven communities within three regional groups: the Lakota, the Western Dakota, and the Eastern Dakota.
* The Lakota people, or the speakers of the Lakota language.

#### Synonyms

* Lakȟóta
* Očhéthi Šakówiŋ Oyáte
# Trojak
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtrɔ.jak/
* Rhymes: -ɔjak
* Syllabification: Tro‧jak

### Proper noun

Trojak m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Trojak f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

### Further reading

* “Trojak”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022
# παγωτατζίδικου
## Greek
### Noun

παγωτατζίδικου • (pagotatzídikou) n
* genitive singular of παγωτατζίδικο (pagotatzídiko)
# Arnoldsweilers
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈaʁnɔltsˌvaɪ̯lɐs]
* Hyphenation: Ar‧nolds‧wei‧lers

### Noun

Arnoldsweilers
* genitive singular of Arnoldsweiler

### Proper noun

Arnoldsweilers
* genitive singular of Arnoldsweiler
# πλάσματος
## Greek
### Noun

πλάσματος • (plásmatos) n
* genitive singular of πλάσμα (plásma)
# tarotkortet
## Swedish
### Noun

tarotkortet
* definite singular of tarotkort
# cauliculus
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cauliculus (“little stalk”). Doublet of caulicle.

### Noun

cauliculus (plural cauliculi)
* (architecture) In the Corinthian capital, any of the eight stalks rising out of the lower leafage and terminating in leaves which seem to support the volutes.
    Synonym: caulicole

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* cōliculus

### Etymology

Diminutive of caulis.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /kau̯ˈli.ku.lus/, [käu̯ˈlʲɪkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /kau̯ˈli.ku.lus/, [käu̯ˈliːkulus]

### Noun

cauliculus m (genitive cauliculī); second declension
* small cabbage
* stalk, stem

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Catalan: colís, colitx
* → English: caulicle
* Galician: coella, covella
* Italian: colecchio
* Romanian: curechi
* Spanish: colleja

### References

* “cauliculus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* cauliculus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# jaguar-garou
## French
### Etymology

From jaguar +‎ -garou (“were-”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒa.ɡwaʁ.ɡa.ʁu/

### Noun

jaguar-garou m (plural jaguars-garous)
* (fantasy, mythology) werejaguar
# Schulden
## German
### Etymology

Plural form of Schuld (“fault”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃʊldn̩/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Schulden f (plural, singular Schuld)
* (usually in the plural) debt

#### Derived terms

* schuldenfrei, schuldenlos
* Schuldenabbau, Schuldenbremse, Schuldenerlass, Schuldenfalle, Schuldenregelung, Schuldenschnitt
* Altschulden, Bankschulden, Privatschulden, Staatsschulden

### Further reading

* “Schulden” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Schulden” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* Schulden on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$
# Hlobeň
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦlɔbeɲ]

### Proper noun

Hlobeň m pers (female equivalent Hlobeňová)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Hlobeň”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# Ολλανδίας
## Greek
### Proper noun

Ολλανδίας • (Ollandías) f
* genitive singular of Ολλανδία (Ollandía)
# μπερκελίου
## Greek
### Noun

μπερκελίου • (berkelíou) n
* genitive singular of μπερκέλιο (berkélio)
# شهادت
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شهادت (šahādat), itself from Arabic شَهَادَة (šahāda, “testimony, statement; martyrdom”).

### Noun

شهادت • (şehâdet)
* testimony, witness, the attestation of a first-hand fact, event, or experience
    Synonyms: شاهدلك (şâhidlik), طانقلق (tanıklık)
* shahada, creed, a reading or statement of belief, a confession of faith
* martyrdom, the suffering of death on account of adherence to the Muslim faith

#### Derived terms

* شهادت ایتمك (şehâdet etmek, “to bear witness to”)
* شهادتنامه (şehâdetnâme, “testimonial”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: şehadet

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “şehadet”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4447
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “şehâdet”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1178
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “شهادت”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 737
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Testimonium”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1668
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “شهادت”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2883
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “şehadet”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “شهادت”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1142

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شَهَادَة (šahāda), from شَهِدَ (šahida).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃa.hɑː.ˈðat]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃä.ɦɑː.d̪ǽt̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃä.ɦɑː.d̪ǽt̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃɑːɑː.d̪ǽt̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃɔːɔː.d̪ǽt̪]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃæ.ɦɒː.d̪ǽt̪]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃä.ɦɔ.d̪ǽt̪]

### Noun

| Dari | شهادت |
| Iranian Persian | شهادت |
| Tajik | шаҳодат |
شهادت • (šahâdat) (plural شهادت‌ها (šahâdat-hâ))
* testimony, witness account
    Synonym: گواهی (govâhi)
    شهادت می‌دهم که این خانم هیچ کاری نکرد.šahâdat mi-deham ke in xânom hič kâri na-kard.I give my word that this lady did not do anything.
* martyrdom
* (Islam) shahada
    Synonym: شهادتین (šahâdateyn)
# undercommunication
## English
### Etymology

From under- +‎ communication.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

undercommunication (uncountable)
* Too little communication.
    Antonym: overcommunication
** 2022, William Singleton, Musings on Leadership: It's for Everyone and Everywhere in Life, PQA United, →ISBN, page 118:Where communication is concerned, both overcommunication and undercommunication are undesirable. […] Undercommunication leads to no understanding or a misunderstanding on the receiver's part.
# direct-to-streaming
## English
### Adjective

direct-to-streaming (not comparable)
* Of a motion picture, initially released on digital streaming platforms without prior showings in cinemas or on television.
** 2020 December 10, Ignatiy Vishnevetsky, “The first movie inspired by the pandemic is here, and it sucks”, in The Onion AV Club‎, archived from the original on 21 December 2020:In fact, Songbird looks like any other unexceptional direct-to-streaming title, with a few warehouse-industrial locations and a supporting cast of familiar (and presumably very available) faces who spend most of the movie Steven Seagal-style, sitting in place.

#### Related terms

* direct-to-TV
* web television
* direct-to-video
# Ładoga
## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian Ла́дога (Ládoga).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /waˈdɔ.ɡa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔɡa
* Syllabification: Ła‧do‧ga

### Proper noun

Ładoga f (related adjective ładoski)
* Ladoga (a lake in Russia)
    Synonym: (historical) Newo

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Ładoga in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Ładoga in PWN's encyclopedia
# れいよく
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of れいよく – see the following entry. :
| 【冷浴】 | [noun] cold bath [verb] to take a cold bath |
(This term, れいよく (reiyoku), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# Horínek
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦɔriːɲek]

### Proper noun

Horínek m pers (female equivalent Horíneková)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Horínek”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# Μαλτέζων
## Greek
### Noun

Μαλτέζων • (Maltézon) m
* genitive plural of Μαλτέζος (Maltézos)
# εκσπερμάτωσης
## Greek
### Noun

εκσπερμάτωσης • (ekspermátosis) n
* genitive singular of εκσπερμάτωση (ekspermátosi)