# 失う
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 失
* うしな Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 喪う 失ウ 逸う

### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From classical yodan(四段活用) verb 失(うしな)ふ (ushinafu), formed from うし (ushi, possibly related to 失(う)せる (useru) or 薄(うす)い (usui)) + なふ (nafu, verb-forming suffix).”

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うしなう [ùshínáú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɯ̟ɕina̠ɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「失う」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 失う | うしなう | [ùshínáú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 失え | うしなえ | [ùshínáé] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 失われる | うしなわれる | [ùshínáwárérú] |
| Causative | 失わせる | うしなわせる | [ùshínáwásérú] |
| Potential | 失える | うしなえる | [ùshínáérú] |
| Volitional | 失おう | うしなおー | [ùshínáóꜜò] |
| Negative | 失わない | うしなわない | [ùshínáwánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 失わなかった | うしなわなかった | [ùshínáwánáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 失います | うしないます | [ùshínáímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 失った | うしなった | [ùshínáttá] |
| Conjunctive | 失って | うしなって | [ùshínátté] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 失えば | うしなえば | [ùshínáéꜜbà] |

### Verb

失(うしな)う • (ushinau) transitive godan (stem 失(うしな)い (ushinai), past 失(うしな)った (ushinatta))
* to lose (possession of something)
    自(じ)信(しん)を失(うしな)う
       jishin o ushinau
       lose confidence
** 1945 August 14th, the Shōwa Emperor [昭和天皇], 「大東亞戰爭終結ノ詔書」 [Edict to end the Great East Asia War], paragraph 5, sentence 2:
    若(モ)シ夫(ソ)レ情(ジヤウ)ノ激(ゲキ)スル所(トコロ)濫(ミダリ)ニ事(ジ)端(タン)ヲ滋(シゲ)クシ或(アルイ)ハ同(ドウ)胞(ハウ)排(ハイ)擠(セイ)互(タガヒ)ニ時(ジ)局(キョク)ヲ亂(ミダ)リ爲(タメ)ニ大(ダイ)道(ドウ)ヲ誤(アヤマ)リ信(シン)義(ギ)ヲ世(セ)界(カイ)ニ失(ウシナ)フカ如(ゴト)キハ朕(チン)最(モット)モ之(コレ)ヲ戒(イマシ)ム
       Moshi sore zyau no geki suru tokoro midari ni jitan wo shige kushi arui wa doufau faisei tagafi ni jikyoku wo midari tame ni daidou wo ayamari shingi wo sekai ni usinafu ka gotoki wa Tin mottomo kore wo imashimu[.]
       Beware most strictly of any outbursts of emotion which may endanger needless complications, or any fraternal contention and strife which may create confusion, lead ye astray and cause ye to lose the confidence of the world.  1945 translation by Tadaichi Hirakawa [平川唯一]
* to miss an opportunity etc.
    学(まな)ぶ機(き)会(かい)を失(うしな)う
       manabu kikai o ushinau
       miss the chance to learn something
* to lose a person (following their death), be bereaved of someone
    夫(おっと)を失(うしな)う
       otto o ushinau
       lose one's husband

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 失わ | うしなわ | ushinawa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 失い | うしない | ushinai |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 失う | うしなう | ushinau |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 失う | うしなう | ushinau |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 失え | うしなえ | ushinae |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 失え | うしなえ | ushinae |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 失われる | うしなわれる | ushinawareru |
| Causative | 失わせる 失わす | うしなわせる うしなわす | ushinawaseru ushinawasu |
| Potential | 失える | うしなえる | ushinaeru |
| Volitional | 失おう | うしなおう | ushinaō |
| Negative | 失わない | うしなわない | ushinawanai |
| Negative continuative | 失わず | うしなわず | ushinawazu |
| Formal | 失います | うしないます | ushinaimasu |
| Perfective | 失った | うしなった | ushinatta |
| Conjunctive | 失って | うしなって | ushinatte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 失えば | うしなえば | ushinaeba |

#### Synonyms

* 失(な)くす (nakusu)

#### Antonyms

* 得(え)る (eru, “win”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN