# ab-
## English
### Etymology 1

From Latin ab-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”) (English off, of). See Proto-Indo-European *apo-. Doublet of apo- and off-.

#### Alternative forms

* a- (found if the root word started with m, p, or v)
* abs- (found if the root word started with c or t)

#### Prefix

ab-
* (non-productive) From.
    ‎ab- + ‎sorb → ‎absorb
* (non-productive) Away from; outside of.
    ‎ab- + ‎normal → ‎abnormal
    ‎ab- + ‎axial → ‎abaxial

##### Synonyms

* (away from): out-, off-, apo-, de-, away, off

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

Abbreviation of absolute.

#### Prefix

ab-
* (physics) A unit of electromagnetic charge in the centimeter-gram-second system: the abcoulomb.

### References

* ↑ Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], →ISBN), page 1
* “ab-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* -ba-, B. A., B.A., BA, Ba, ba, ba'

## German
### Etymology

From ab, from Middle High German abe, ab, from Old High German ab, from Proto-West Germanic *ab(a), from Proto-Germanic *ab. Compare English off-.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard German) IPA: /ap/, [ʔäpʰ]
* (Switzerland) IPA: /ab̥/
* Audio:(file)

### Prefix

ab-
* Separable verb prefix that indicates removal or quitting, off, away.
    Synonym: aus-
    ‎ab- + ‎fahren (“to drive”) → ‎abfahren (“to depart, drive away”)
    ‎ab- + ‎spülen (“to rinse, wash”) → ‎abspülen (“to rinse off, wash off”)
* Separable verb prefix that indicates a downward movement, down.
    Synonyms: hinab-, herab-, runter-, herunter-, hinunter-
    ‎ab- + ‎tauchen (“to dive”) → ‎abtauchen (“to submerge”)
* Separable verb prefix that indicates from or of.
* Noun prefix that indicates being different from the source or deviation.
    ‎ab- + ‎Art (“kind, sort”) → ‎Abart (“variety, variant, anomality”)
    ‎ab- + ‎Gott (“God”) → ‎Abgott (“idol; god other than the true God”)
    ‎ab- + ‎Laut (“sound”) → ‎Ablaut (“ablaut; vowel gradation or alternation”)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “on”): an-
* (antonym(s) of “up”): auf-, rauf-, hinauf-, herauf-

#### See also

* ab

### Further reading

* “ab-” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “ab-” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “ab-” in Duden online
* “ab-” in OpenThesaurus.de

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch ab-, from Latin ab-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ap]

### Prefix

ab-
* ab- (from; away from; outside of)

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “ab-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin ab (“from, away from”).

### Prefix

ab-
* ab- (away from; outside of)

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* ab- in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication

### Anagrams

* ba

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* abs- (used before /k/, /t/)
* ā- (used before /b/, /m/, /w/)

### Etymology

From the preposition ab (“from, away from”).

### Prefix

ab-
* from, away, away from
* off
* at a distance
* completely, thoroughly
* absence of
* more remote
* removed by three generations
    abamita (“great-great-grandaunt”)
    abavia (“great-great-grandmother”)
    abavunculus (“great-great-granduncle”)
    abavus (“great-great-grandfather”)
    abmātertera (“great-great-grandaunt”)
    abnepōs (“great-great-grandson”)
    abneptis (“great-great-granddaughter”)
    absocer (“great-great-grandfather-in-law”)

#### Usage notes

* Before b, m, sp and v, the prefix becomes ā-.
* Before c and t, the prefix becomes abs-.
* Before f, the prefix becomes au-.
* Before p, the prefix becomes as- (but with some exceptions).

#### Derived terms
## Malay
### Prefix

ab- (Jawi spelling اب-)
* ab-

#### Derived terms
### References

* “ab-” in Kamus Bahasa Melayu Nusantara Edisi Kedua (‘Nusantara Malay Language Dictionary Second Edition’), Berakas: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, 2011, →ISBN, page 1.