# 約束
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuēshù
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄝ ㄕㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joek$^3$ cuk$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yok-suk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iok-sok / iak-sok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ioh$^4$ sog$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuēshù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄝ ㄕㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yueshù
*** Wade–Giles: yüeh$^1$-shu$^4$
*** Yale: ywē-shù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iueshuh
*** Palladius: юэшу (juešu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$約數／约数 約束／约束
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joek$^3$ cuk$^1$
*** Yale: yeuk chūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joek$^8$ tsuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêg$^3$ cug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːk̚³ t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok-suk
*** Hakka Romanization System: iog$^ˋ$ sug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yog$^5$ sug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯ok̚² suk̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok-suk
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iog$^ˋ$ sug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yog$^5$ sug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯ok̚² suk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iok-sok
*** Tâi-lô: iok-sok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ioksog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak-sok
*** Tâi-lô: iak-sok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iaksog
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iak̚³²⁻⁵ sɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ioh$^4$ sog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ioh sok
*** Sinological IPA : /ioʔ²⁻⁴ sok̚²/

### Verb

約束
* to restrict; to restrain
* (literary) to agree upon; to appoint; to settle on
* (archaic) to bind with a rope

#### Synonyms

* (to restrict):
* 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
* 主張／主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
* 克制 (kèzhì)
* 克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
* 制禦／制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
* 制約／制约 (zhìyuē)
* 君 (jūn) (literary)
* 執掌／执掌 (zhízhǎng)
* 壓制／压制 (yāzhì)
* 壓抑／压抑 (yāyì)
* 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 局限 (júxiàn)
* 左右 (zuǒyòu)
* 把
* 抑制 (yìzhì)
* 把持 (bǎchí)
* 把控 (bǎkòng)
* 把攬／把揽 (bǎlǎn)
* 抵制 (dǐzhì)
* 拘束 (jūshù)
* 按 (àn)
* 按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
* 控 (literary, or in compounds)
* 控制 (kòngzhì)
* 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
* 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
* 提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
* 撥弄／拨弄 (bōnòng)
* 撙節／撙节 (zǔnjié)
* 操控 (cāokòng)
* 操縱／操纵 (cāozòng)
* 擺佈／摆布 (bǎibù)
* 擺治／摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
* 支配 (zhīpèi)
* 收斂／收敛 (shōuliǎn)
* 束 (literary, or in compounds)
* 束縛／束缚 (shùfù)
* 柄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 框 (kuàng)
* 禁錮／禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
* 積壓／积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
* 節制／节制 (jiézhì)
* 節撙／节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 管制 (guǎnzhì)
* 管束 (guǎnshù)
* 統御／统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
* 統治／统治 (tǒngzhì)
* 羈束／羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
* 裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
* 遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
* 鎮／镇 (zhèn)
* 限 (xiàn)
* 限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 限制 (xiànzhì)
* 駕／驾 (jià)
* 駕馭／驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)

#### Derived terms

* 約束力／约束力 (yuēshùlì)
* 約束服／约束服 (yuēshùfú)

### Noun

約束
* (mathematics) constraint
* (databases) constraint

### References

* “Entry #53096”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 約 | 束 |
| やく Grade: 4 | そく Grade: 4 |
| goon ||

### Alternative forms

* (honorific) お約束(やくそく) (o-yakusoku)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) やくそく [yàkúsókú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ja̠kɯ̟̊so̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

約(やく)束(そく) • (yakusoku)
* a promise
** 1987 February 20 [1985 August 15], Motoka Murakami, “母(か)っちゃの剣(けん)道(どう)精(せい)神(しん)の巻(まき) [Ma’s Kendō Spirit]”, in 六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の剣(けん) [Musashi’s Sword], 5th edition, volume 21 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 59:
    ………八(や)重(え)樫(がし)先(せん)生(せい)！まんず男(おとこ)と男(おとこ)の約(やく)束(そく)だあ！母(か)っちゃを大(たい)切(せつ)にしてけれ！六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)！ん！約(やく)束(そく)するよ六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)！
       ……… Yaegashi Sensei! manzu otoko to otoko no yakusoku dā! katcha o taisetsu ni shite kere!
       ……… Yaegashi Sensei! Promise me, man-to-man! Promise me you’ll take good care of my ma!
       Musashi!
       Musashi!
       N! Yakusoku suru yo Musashi!
       I will! I promise, Musashi!
* an appointment or social engagement (the meeting itself)
* a convention; something that is conventional
* something that is preordained
* trope (something recurring across a genre or type of art or literature)
    お約束(やくそく)の展開(てんかい)
       o-yakusoku no tenkai
       the same tired plot progression
** 2021 June 17, insane, “映画・海外ドラマでおなじみ、「Trope」の意味とは？”, in 海外ドラマの中の英語‎ (blog):
    お約束(やくそく)を知(し)ってるでしょ？物語(ものがた)るときの定番(ていばん)よ
       O-yakusoku o shitteru desho? Monogataru toki no teiban yo
       You know the trope? In story-telling it’s a norm.

### Verb

約(やく)束(そく)する • (yakusoku suru) suru (stem 約(やく)束(そく)し (yakusoku shi), past 約(やく)束(そく)した (yakusoku shita))
* to promise; to make a promise
    みんなで約束(やくそく)しよう！
       Minna de yakusoku shiyō!
       Let's all promise together!
** 1987 February 20 [1985 August 15], Motoka Murakami, “母(か)っちゃの剣(けん)道(どう)精(せい)神(しん)の巻(まき) [Ma’s Kendō Spirit]”, in 六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の剣(けん) [Musashi’s Sword], 5th edition, volume 21 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 59:
    ………八(や)重(え)樫(がし)先(せん)生(せい)！まんず男(おとこ)と男(おとこ)の約(やく)束(そく)だあ！母(か)っちゃを大(たい)切(せつ)にしてけれ！六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)！ん！約(やく)束(そく)するよ六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)！
       ……… Yaegashi Sensei! manzu otoko to otoko no yakusoku dā! katcha o taisetsu ni shite kere!
       ……… Yaegashi Sensei! Promise me, man-to-man! Promise me you’ll take good care of my ma!
       Musashi!
       Musashi!
       N! Yakusoku suru yo Musashi!
       I will! I promise, Musashi!
** 2005 July 7, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第(だい)65話(わ)　夜(よ)明(あ)けの墓(はか)場(ば) [Chapter 65: The Graveyard at Dawn]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 8 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 34:
    オレはこいつと決(けっ)着(ちゃく)をつけると約(やく)束(そく)した‼約(やく)束(そく)したんだ‼
       Ore wa koitsu to ketchaku o tsukeru to yakusoku shita‼ Yakusoku shitan da‼
       I promised to settle with him‼ I made a promise‼
* make an appointment or engagement
* be predestined, wait

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 約束し | やくそくし | yakusoku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 約束し | やくそくし | yakusoku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 約束する | やくそくする | yakusoku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 約束する | やくそくする | yakusoku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 約束すれ | やくそくすれ | yakusoku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 約束せよ¹ 約束しろ² | やくそくせよ¹ やくそくしろ² | yakusoku seyo¹ yakusoku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 約束される | やくそくされる | yakusoku sareru |
| Causative | 約束させる 約束さす | やくそくさせる やくそくさす | yakusoku saseru yakusoku sasu |
| Potential | 約束できる | やくそくできる | yakusoku dekiru |
| Volitional | 約束しよう | やくそくしよう | yakusoku shiyō |
| Negative | 約束しない | やくそくしない | yakusoku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 約束せず | やくそくせず | yakusoku sezu |
| Formal | 約束します | やくそくします | yakusoku shimasu |
| Perfective | 約束した | やくそくした | yakusoku shita |
| Conjunctive | 約束して | やくそくして | yakusoku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 約束すれば | やくそくすれば | yakusoku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### See also

* 予約(よやく) (yoyaku)
* ランデブー (randebū)

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 約 | 束 |

### Noun

約束 • (yaksok) (hangeul 약속)
* hanja form of 약속 (“promise”)