# 持

| 持 | U+6301, &#25345; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6301 |
| ← 挀 [U+6300] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 挂 → [U+6302] |

## Translingual
### Han character

持 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手土木戈 (QGDI), four-corner 5404$_1$, composition ⿰扌寺)

#### Derived characters

* 𱓙, 𣖖, 𥻣, 𧎋, 𨃌, 𨨲, 𩹭, 𤸟

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 429, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12019
* Dae Jaweon: page 778, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1866, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6301

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 等 | *tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ |
| 待 | *dɯːʔ |
| 寺 | *ljɯs |
| 持 | *l'ɯ |
| 峙 | *dɯʔ |
| 痔 | *dɯʔ |
| 跱 | *dɯʔ |
| 歭 | *dɯʔ |
| 洔 | *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ |
| 畤 | *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ |
| 秲 | *dɯʔ, *djɯs |
| 庤 | *dɯʔ |
| 時 | *djɯ |
| 鰣 | *djɯ |
| 塒 | *djɯ |
| 蒔 | *djɯ, *djɯs |
| 榯 | *djɯ |
| 恃 | *djɯʔ |
| 侍 | *djɯs |
| 詩 | *hljɯ |
| 邿 | *hljɯ |
| 特 | *dɯːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯ) : semantic 手 + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chí (chi$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ci$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ci$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ci$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): tì
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): di$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tî / chhî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ti$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chí
*** Zhuyin: ㄔˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chíh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻih$^2$
*** Yale: chŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyr
*** Palladius: чи (či)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^4$
*** Yale: chìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ci$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰi²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ci$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ci$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tì
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: di$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ti¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tî / chhî
*** Tâi-lô: tî / tshî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dii, chii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ti²⁴/, /t͡sʰi²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ti²⁴/, /t͡sʰi²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti¹³/, /t͡sʰi¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ti²⁴/, /t͡sʰi²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²³/, /t͡sʰi²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ti$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thî
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zy
*** MiniDict: zy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²³/
* Middle Chinese: dri
Rime :
| Character | 持 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直之切 |
| Baxter | dri |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiə/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ci$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]rə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 持 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dri › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]rə/ |
| English | grasp, hold |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 持 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12031 |
| Phonetic component | 寺 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 治 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'ɯ/ |

### Definitions

持
* to hold; to grasp
    持刀搶劫／持刀抢劫 ― chí dāo qiǎngjié ― to carry out a robbery with a knife
    From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 10, part 2
    Fùrén dàng dǐng wéi gāojì, yǐ jīn yín zhēnzhū wéi shì, zhuó qīng póluó qún, yòu pī luóduàn, xíng bì chí shàn. [Pinyin]
    Married women wear high topknot decorated with jewellery of gold, silver and pearl, blue-green skirts of polo satin, as well as grosgrain drapes. They always hold fans when walking.
* to hold (views, opinions, etc.)
    持不同看法 ― chí bùtóng kànfǎ ― to hold different views
    持反對態度／持反对态度 ― chí fǎnduì tàidù ― to be opposed
* to manage; to run
    持家 ― chíjiā ― to run one's home; to housekeep
* to sustain; to support
    維持／维持 ― wéichí ― to maintain
    持之以恆／持之以恒 ― chízhīyǐhéng ― to persevere
    持國天王／持国天王 ― Chíguó Tiānwáng ― Heavenly King who Upholds the Nation (calque of Sanskrit धृतराष्ट्र Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
* to oppose (each other)
    僵持 ― jiāngchí ― to be locked in a stalemate
    相持不下 ― xiàngchíbùxià ― to be locked in a stalemate
* to control; to hold under duress
    劫持 ― jiéchí ― to hold under duress

#### Compounds

* 主持 (zhǔchí)
* 主持人 (zhǔchírén)
* 交持
* 人持各見／人持各见
* 以一持萬／以一持万
* 住持 (zhùchí)
* 作持戒
* 保持 (bǎochí)
* 修持
* 倒持干戈 (dàochí gāngē)
* 倒持泰阿
* 僵持 (jiāngchí)
* 僵持不下 (jiāngchíbùxià)
* 凌持
* 力持
* 加持 (jiāchí)
* 劫持 (jiéchí)
* 匡持
* 各持己見／各持己见 (gèchíjǐjiàn)
* 啜持
* 四個堅持／四个坚持
* 土壤保持
* 堅持／坚持 (jiānchí)
* 堅持不懈／坚持不懈 (jiānchíbùxiè)
* 堅持到底／坚持到底
* 增持 (zēngchí)
* 太阿倒持 (Tài'ē dàochí)
* 奉持
* 如持左券
* 扶危持顛／扶危持颠
* 扶急持傾／扶急持倾
* 把持 (bǎchí)
* 扶持 (fúchí)
* 把持不住
* 把持不定
* 把素持齋／把素持斋
* 扶顛持危／扶颠持危
* 抱持 (bàochí)
* 持久 (chíjiǔ)
* 持久之計／持久之计
* 持久戰／持久战 (chíjiǔzhàn)
* 持之以恆／持之以恒 (chízhīyǐhéng)
* 持之有故 (chízhīyǒugù)
* 持人長短／持人长短
* 持兩端／持两端
* 持刀動杖／持刀动杖
* 持刀弄棒
* 持勝／持胜
* 持危扶顛／持危扶颠
* 持家 (chíjiā)
* 持左券
* 持平 (chípíng)
* 持平之論／持平之论
* 持循
* 持戒
* 持戟 (chíjǐ)
* 持旺
* 持更
* 持服
* 持橐簪筆／持橐簪笔
* 持正
* 持正不撓／持正不挠
* 持正不阿
* 持法 (chífǎ)
* 持滿／持满
* 持滿戒盈／持满戒盈
* 持牢
* 持球
* 持用
* 持疑不決／持疑不决
* 持盈
* 持盈保泰
* 持盈守成
* 持盈守虛／持盈守虚
* 持祿／持禄
* 持祿保位／持禄保位
* 持祿取容／持禄取容
* 持祿固寵／持禄固宠
* 持祿養交／持禄养交
* 持祿養身／持禄养身
* 持筆／持笔
* 持節／持节
* 持籌握算／持筹握算
* 持續／持续 (chíxù)
* 持螯
* 持蠡測海／持蠡测海
* 持行
* 持衡 (chíhéng)
* 持衡擁璇／持衡拥璇
* 持論／持论
* 持謝／持谢
* 持身
* 持重 (chízhòng)
* 持阻
* 持養／持养
* 持齋／持斋 (chízhāi)
* 持齋受戒／持斋受戒
* 持齋把素／持斋把素
* 挾持／挟持 (xiéchí)
* 振裘持領／振裘持领
* 控持
* 撐持／撑持 (chēngchí)
* 撐持門戶／撑持门户
* 操持 (cāochí)
* 擐甲持戈 (huànjiǎ chí gē)
* 攜持／携持
* 支持 (zhīchí)
* 料持
* 曠日持久／旷日持久 (kuàngrìchíjiǔ)
* 止持戒
* 水土保持 (shuǐtǔ bǎochí)
* 泰阿倒持
* 減持／减持 (jiǎnchí)
* 爭持／争持 (zhēngchí)
* 爭持不下／争持不下
* 獨力難持／独力难持
* 獨持異議／独持异议
* 畢卓持螯／毕卓持螯
* 相持 (xiāngchí)
* 相持不下 (xiāngchíbùxià)
* 矜持 (jīnchí)
* 禁持
* 秉持 (bǐngchí)
* 維持／维持 (wéichí)
* 老成持重 (lǎochéng chízhòng)
* 脅持／胁持
* 自持 (zìchí)
* 行持
* 護持／护持
* 遇物持平
* 鋪持／铺持

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* hold, have

#### Readings

* Go-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ち (chi)
* Kun: もつ (motsu, 持つ, Jōyō)

#### Derived terms

* 持(も)つ (motsu)
* 持(も)ち (mochi)

## Korean
### Hanja

持 • (ji) (hangeul 지)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

持: Hán Nôm readings: trì, chày, chiì, ghiì, giầy, trầy, chì, ghì, nghỉ, trờ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.