# قادوس
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κάδος (kádos). The form قَدَس (qadas), anciently used in the Ḥijāz and thence exported to Northwestern Arabic, came via Aramaic – Classical Syriac ܩܱܕܣܴܐ (qadsā, qaddəsā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qaː.duːs/

### Noun

قَادُوس • (qādūs) m (plural قَوَادِيس (qawādīs))
* skep, scoop, kibble, bucket, dipper (for a well or a mill or for irrigation or an excavator or whatever)
    Alternative form: قَدَس (qadas)
** a. 1000, المقدسي, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, أحسن التقاسيم في معرفة الأقاليم [ʾaḥsan at-taqāsīm fī maʿrifa al-ʾaqālīm] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 3)‎, Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1877, 1906, page 208 line 8:والقادوس كوز الدولابAnd bucket is the dipper of a water-wheel.
* pipe, conduit, duct, for example such as affiliated to the buckets or scoops of a waterwheel for irrigation
** 977, أبو القاسم بن حوقل, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, كتاب مسالك والممالك [kitāb masālik wa-l-mamālik] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 2)‎, Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1873, pages 86 line 14–15:ويحيط بالبلد عيون غيرها مشهورة ينتفع بمياهها كالقادوسAnd one finds in the environs of the town other famed springs the water of which is employed as irrigation’s wellhead.
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 15, page 308: with emendations Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “قادوس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 314
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 15, page 656:
* a hopper, as that of an industrial machine.
* (obsolete) a kind of ship or barge
    Alternative form: قَادِس (qādis)
** a. 608, by زُهَيْر بِن أَبِي سُلْمَى (zuhayr bin ʔabī sulmā)
    إِذَا تَرَامَت بِهَا الدَيْمُومَةُ الْجَدَدُ / عَوْمَ الْقَوَادِسِ قَفَّى الْأَرْدَمُونَ بِهَا / إِذَا تَرَامَى بِهَا الْمُغْلَوْلِبُ الزَبِدُ / بِفِتْيَةٍ كَسُيُوفِ الْهِنْدِ يَبْعَثُهُمʔiḏā tarāmat bi-hā d-daymūmatu l-jadadu / ʕawma l-qawādisi qaffā l-ʔardamūna bi-hā / ʔiḏā tarāmā bi-hā l-muḡlawlibu z-zabidu / bi-fityatin ka-suyūfi l-hindi yabʕaṯu-humWhen the wasteland of the hard soil was reached / by floating in the barges, they put up behind them the foresail / And when the luxuriance of foam / hit the young men, it sent them forth like Indian swords.

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: alcaduf, caduf
* → Sicilian: catusu
** → Maltese: katusa
* → Old Galician-Portuguese: alcatruz
* → Spanish: alcaduz, arcaduz, cadufo, arcanduz

### References

* Ibn Ḵātima (a. 1369) “Un document nouveau sur l’arabe dialectal d’Occident au XII$^e$ siècle = إيراد اللآل من إنشاد الضوال [ʾīrad l-laʾāl min ʾinšād aḍ-ḍawāl]”, in G. S. Colin, editor, Hespéris‎, volume 12, number 1, published 1931, page 27
* Corriente, Federico (2008) “قادوس”, in Dictionary of Arabic and Allied Loanwords. Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and Kindred Dialects (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 97), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 71–72
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “قادوس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 314
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne, Engelmann, Wilhelm Hermann (1869) Glossaire des mots espagnols et portugais, dérivés de l’arabe‎ (in French), 2nd edition, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 78
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 219
* Freytag, Georg (1835) “قادوس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 408
* Garosi, Eugenio (2022 December 1) “Regional Diversity in the Use of Administrative Loanwords in Early Islamic Arabic Documentary Sources (632–800 CE): A Preliminary Survey”, in Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean World. From Constantinople to Baghdad, 500-1000 CE, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 417
* Michael Jan de Goeje, editor (1879), Indices, glossarium et addenda et emendanda ad part. I–III (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 7)‎ (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1879, page 321
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “قادوس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 688
* Vollers, Karl (1897) “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 51, page 300
* Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “قادوس”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎ (in German), volume 2, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 446
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “قادوس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 993

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic قَادُوس (qādūs).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qaː.duːs/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

قادوس • (qādūs) m (plural قوادس (qwādis))
* pipe, conduit, drain