# 尊重
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zūnzhòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄣ ㄓㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zyun$^1$ zung$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chûn-chhung
    (Hailu, HRS): zun$^ˋ$ chung$^˖$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cŏng-dáe̤ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chun-tiǒng / chun-tiōng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zung$^1$ dong$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zūnzhòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄣ ㄓㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zunjhòng
*** Wade–Giles: tsun$^1$-chung$^4$
*** Yale: dzwūn-jùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuenjonq
*** Palladius: цзуньчжун (czunʹčžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su̯ən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zyun$^1$ zung$^6$
*** Yale: jyūn juhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzyn$^1$ dzung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jun$^1$ zung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûn-chhung
*** Hakka Romanization System: zun$^ˊ$ cung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zun$^1$ cung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zun$^ˋ$ chung$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sun⁵³ t͡ʃʰuŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cŏng-dáe̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡souŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(t-)}$nɔyŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chun-tiǒng
*** Tâi-lô: tsun-tiǒng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sun³³ tiɔŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chun-tiōng
*** Tâi-lô: tsun-tiōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zundiong
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sun⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sun⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zung$^1$ dong$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsung tŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suŋ³³⁻²³ toŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tswon drjowngX
Rime :
| Character | 尊 | 重 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 祖昆切 | 直隴切 |
| Baxter | tswon | drjowngX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡suən/ | /ɖɨoŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡suon/ | /ɖioŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡suən/ | /ȡioŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡swən/ | /ɖuawŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡suən/ | /ȡioŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡suən/ | /ȡĭwoŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡suən/ | /ȡʱi̯woŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zūn | zhòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zyun$^1$ | zung$^6$ |

### Verb

尊重
* to respect (someone); to hold in high esteem
    尊重婦女／尊重妇女 ― zūnzhòng fùnǚ ― to respect women
    尊重他人 ― zūnzhòng tārén ― to respect others
* to value (an idea, etc.); to respect; to treat seriously
    尊重民意 ― zūnzhòng mínyì ― to value popular opinion

#### Usage notes

尊敬 (zūnjìng) chiefly collocates with people, while 尊重 (zūnzhòng) collocates with both people and concepts.

#### Synonyms

* (to respect someone, to value an idea):
* 寅畏 (yínwèi) (literary)
* 尊存 (Hokkien)
* 尊崇 (zūnchóng)
* 尊敬 (zūnjìng)
* 尚
* 崇尚 (chóngshàng)
* 崇拜 (chóngbài)
* 崇敬 (chóngjìng)
* 推崇 (tuīchóng)
* 敦尚 (dūnshàng) (literary)
* 敬 (jìng)
* 敬愛／敬爱 (jìng'ài)
* 敬服 (jìngfú)
* 敬畏 (jìngwèi)
* 敬重 (jìngzhòng)
* 畏服 (wèifú) (literary)
* 誠忠／诚忠 (chéngzhōng) (literary)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to respect someone, to value an idea”): 鄙夷 (bǐyí), 侮辱 (wǔrǔ)

#### Derived terms

* 勞尊重／劳尊重

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: junjung

### Adjective

尊重
* serious; proper

#### Synonyms

* 厲害／厉害 (lìhài)
* 嚴／严 (yán)
* 嚴厲／严厉 (yánlì)
* 嚴峻／严峻 (yánjùn)
* 嚴正／严正 (yánzhèng)
* 嚴肅／严肃 (yánsù)
* 嚴酷／严酷 (yánkù)
* 整肅／整肃 (zhěngsù)
* 正經／正经
* 淩厲／凌厉 (línglì) (literary)
* 狠狠 (hěnhěn)
* 矜持 (jīnchí)
* 莊／庄 (zhuāng)
* 莊重／庄重 (zhuāngzhòng)
* 鄭重／郑重 (zhèngzhòng)

#### Derived terms

* 放尊重

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 尊 | 重 |
| そん Grade: 6 | ちょう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そんちょー [sòńchóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sõ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]

### Noun

尊(そん)重(ちょう) • (sonchō)
* respect, esteem

### Verb

尊(そん)重(ちょう)する • (sonchō suru) transitive suru (stem 尊(そん)重(ちょう)し (sonchō shi), past 尊(そん)重(ちょう)した (sonchō shita))
* have respect for
    私(わたし)の意志(いし)を尊(そん)重(ちょう)してくれる両親(りょうしん)
       watashi no ishi o sonchō shite kureru ryōshin
       parents who respect my intentions

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 尊重し | そんちょうし | sonchō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 尊重し | そんちょうし | sonchō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 尊重する | そんちょうする | sonchō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 尊重する | そんちょうする | sonchō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 尊重すれ | そんちょうすれ | sonchō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 尊重せよ¹ 尊重しろ² | そんちょうせよ¹ そんちょうしろ² | sonchō seyo¹ sonchō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 尊重される | そんちょうされる | sonchō sareru |
| Causative | 尊重させる 尊重さす | そんちょうさせる そんちょうさす | sonchō saseru sonchō sasu |
| Potential | 尊重できる | そんちょうできる | sonchō dekiru |
| Volitional | 尊重しよう | そんちょうしよう | sonchō shiyō |
| Negative | 尊重しない | そんちょうしない | sonchō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 尊重せず | そんちょうせず | sonchō sezu |
| Formal | 尊重します | そんちょうします | sonchō shimasu |
| Perfective | 尊重した | そんちょうした | sonchō shita |
| Conjunctive | 尊重して | そんちょうして | sonchō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 尊重すれば | そんちょうすれば | sonchō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 尊 | 重 |

### Noun

尊重 • (jonjung) (hangeul 존중)
* hanja form of 존중 (“respect; esteem”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 尊 | 重 |

### Verb

尊重
* chữ Hán form of tôn trọng (“to respect; to honour; to revere”).