# 白露
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): báilù
       (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˊ ㄌㄨˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): be$^2$ nu$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baak$^6$ lou$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'pet$^6$ lu$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pha̍k-lu / phe̍t-lu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pag$^6$ lu$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): bai$^1$ lou$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): bā-sū
* Eastern Min (BUC): băh-ló
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pe̍h-lō͘ / pe̍k-lō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bêh$^8$ lou$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$baq-lu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): be$^6$ lou$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: báilù
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ ㄌㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: báilù
*** Wade–Giles: pai$^2$-lu$^4$
*** Yale: bái-lù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bairluh
*** Palladius: байлу (bajlu)
*** Sinological IPA : /paɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$白露 白鷺／白鹭 白鹿
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: be$^2$ nu$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: be lu
*** Sinological IPA : /pɛ²¹ nu²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baak$^6$ lou$^6$
*** Yale: baahk louh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baak$^9$ lou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bag$^6$ lou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːk̚² lou̯²²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$白露 白鷺／白鹭
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'pet$^6$ lu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈpʰɛt̚⁵ lu¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pha̍k-lu / phe̍t-lu
*** Hakka Romanization System: pag lu / ped lu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pag$^6$ lu$^4$ / ped$^6$ lu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰak̚⁵ lu⁵⁵/, /pʰet̚⁵ lu⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pag$^6$ lu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰak̚⁵ lu⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: bai$^1$ lou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pai¹¹ ləu⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bā-sū
*** Sinological IPA : /pa⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: băh-ló
*** Sinological IPA : /paʔ⁵⁻²¹ l̃ou²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍h-lō͘
*** Tâi-lô: pe̍h-lōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: peqlo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² lɔ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍k-lō͘
*** Tâi-lô: pi̍k-lōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: peglo
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lɔ²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bêh$^8$ lou$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pe̍h lōu
*** Sinological IPA : /peʔ⁴⁻² lou¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$baq-lu
*** MiniDict: bah$^入$ lu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$baq-lu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /baʔ¹¹ lu²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: be$^6$ lou$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɤ̞²⁴ ləu̯²¹⁻¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: baek luH
Rime :
| Character | 白 | 露 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (113) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I |
| Fanqie | 傍陌切 | 洛故切 |
| Baxter | baek | luH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bˠæk̚/ | /luo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bᵚak̚/ | /luo$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bak̚/ | /lo$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baɨjk̚/ | /lɔ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /bɐk̚/ | /lo$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /bɐk̚/ | /lu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱɐk̚/ | /luo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bó | lù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bak$^6$ | lou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*bˤrak p.rˤak-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*braːɡ ɡ·raːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 白 | 露 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bái | lù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bæk › | ‹ lu$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*bˁrak/ | /*p.rˁak-s/ |
| English | white | dew; disclose |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 白 | 露 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 207 | 3860 |
| Phonetic component | 白 | 各 |
| Rime group | 鐸 | 暮 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 白 | 路 |
| Old Chinese | /*braːɡ/ | /*ɡ·raːɡs/ |

### Noun

白露
* dew in autumn
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Jiānjiā cāngcāng, báilù wèi shuāng. [Pinyin]
    The reeds and rushes are deeply green, And the white dew is turned into hoarfrost.
* a kind of tea

#### Derived terms

* 楓丹白露／枫丹白露 (Fēngdānbáilù)

### Verb

白露
* (Classical) to express; to reveal

### Proper noun

* 白露 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 白露 (Cantonese)
* Pha̍k-lu (Hakka)
* Băh-ló (Eastern Min)
* Pe̍h-lō͘ (Southern Min)
* 白露 (Wu)
白露
* a solar term around 8 September, traditionally heralding cold weather across China
* (Can we verify this sense?) (obsolete) Peru (a country)
* (～村) Bailu (a village in Xinshi, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

#### Synonyms

* (Peru): 秘魯／秘鲁 (Bìlǔ)

#### See also

* 二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立春 (Lìchūn)、雨水 (yǔshuǐ)、驚蟄／惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)、春分 (Chūnfēn)、清明 (qīngmíng)、穀雨／谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
** Summer: 立夏 (Lìxià)、小滿／小满 (Xiǎomǎn)、芒種／芒种 (mángzhòng)、夏至 (xiàzhì)、小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)、大暑 (Dàshǔ)
** Autumn: 立秋 (Lìqiū)、處暑／处暑 (Chǔshǔ)、白露 (báilù)、秋分 (Qiūfēn)、寒露 (Hánlù)、霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
** Winter: 立冬 (Lìdōng)、小雪 (xiǎoxuě)、大雪 (dàxuě)、冬至 (dōngzhì)、小寒 (Xiǎohán)、大寒 (Dàhán)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 白(はく)露(ろ) (hakuro)
* → Korean: 백로(白露) (baengno)
* → Vietnamese: bạch lộ (白露)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 白 | 露 |
| はく Grade: 1 | ろ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ha̠kɯ̟ɾo̞]

#### Proper noun

白(はく)露(ろ) • (Hakuro)
* A solar term around 8 September, traditionally heralding cold weather across China

#### See also

* 二(に)十(じゅう)四(し)節(せっ)気(き) (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立(りっ)春(しゅん) (Risshun), 雨(う)水(すい) (Usui), 啓(けい)蟄(ちつ) (Keichitsu), 春(しゅん)分(ぶん) (Shunbun), 清(せい)明(めい) (Seimei), 穀(こく)雨(う) (Kokuu)
** Summer: 立(りっ)夏(か) (Rikka), 小(しょう)満(まん) (Shōman), 芒(ぼう)種(しゅ) (Bōshu), 夏(げ)至(し) (Geshi), 小(しょう)暑(しょ) (Shōsho), 大(たい)暑(しょ) (Taisho)
** Autumn: 立(りっ)秋(しゅう) (Risshū), 処(しょ)暑(しょ) (Shosho), 白(はく)露(ろ) (Hakuro), 秋(しゅう)分(ぶん) (Shūbun), 寒(かん)露(ろ) (Kanro), 霜(そう)降(こう) (Sōkō)
** Winter: 立(りっ)冬(とう) (Rittō), 小(しょう)雪(せつ) (Shōsetsu), 大雪(たいせつ) (Taisetsu), 冬(とう)至(じ) (Tōji), 小(しょう)寒(かん) (Shōkan), 大寒(だいかん) (Daikan)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 白 | 露 |
| しら Grade: 1 | つゆ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕiɾa̠t͡sɨjɯ̟]

#### Noun

白(しら)露(つゆ) • (shiratsuyu)
* white dew (clarification of this definition is needed)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 白 | 露 |
| はく Grade: 1 | ろ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ha̠kɯ̟ɾo̞]

#### Proper noun

白露(はくロ) • (Hakuro)
* (very rare) Short for 白ロシア (“Belarus (a country)”).

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 白 | 露 |
| ぺ Grade: 1 | るー Grade: S |
| irregular ||

#### Glyph origin

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 白露 (báilù).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pe̞ɾɯ̟ː]

#### Proper noun

白露(ペルー) • (Perū)
* Obsolete spelling of ペルー (“Peru (a country)”).
** https://www.ndl.go.jp/brasil/text/t012.html
** https://kotobank.jp/word/南米-590784

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 白 | 露 |

### Proper noun

白露 • (Baengno) (hangeul 백로)
* hanja form of 백로 (“A solar term around 8 September, traditionally heralding cold weather across China”)

### See also

* 이십사절기(二十四節氣) (Isipsajeolgi, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 입춘(立春) (Ipchun), 우수(雨水) (Usu), 경칩(驚蟄) (Gyeongchip), 춘분(春分) (Chunbun), 청명(淸明) (Cheongmyeong), 곡우(穀雨) (Gogu)
** Summer: 입하(立夏) (Ipha), 소만(小滿) (Soman), 망종(芒種) (Mangjong), 하지(夏至) (Haji), 소서(小暑) (Soseo), 대서(大暑) (Daeseo)
** Autumn: 입추(立秋) (Ipchu), 처서(處暑) (Cheoseo), 백로(白露) (Baengno), 추분(秋分) (Chubun), 한로(寒露) (Hallo), 상강(霜降) (Sanggang)
** Winter: 입동(立冬) (Ipdong), 소설(小雪) (soseol), 대설(大雪) (Daeseol), 동지(冬至) (Dongji), 소한(小寒) (Sohan), 대한(大寒) (Daehan)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 白 | 露 |

### Proper noun

白露
* chữ Hán form of Bạch lộ (“A solar term around 8 September, traditionally heralding cold weather across China”).