# 不只
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bùzhǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄓˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bat$^1$ zi$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): put-chí
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bùzhǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄓˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bùjhǐh
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^4$-chih$^3$
*** Yale: bù-jř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bujyy
*** Palladius: бучжи (bučži)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$不只 不止
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bat$^1$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: bāt jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bat$^7$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bed$^1$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɐt̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$不只 不止
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-chí
*** Tâi-lô: put-tsí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: putcie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /put̚³²⁻⁴ t͡si⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /put̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /put̚³²⁻⁵ t͡si⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /put̚³²⁻⁴ t͡si⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /put̚³²⁻⁴ t͡si⁴¹/

### Conjunction

不只
* not only; not merely
       Tāmen bùzhǐ tánhuà, hái hǎnjiào dàxiào. [Pinyin]
       They not only talked but also shouted and laughed.

#### Synonyms

* 不但 (bùdàn)
* 不僅／不仅 (bùjǐn)
* 不光 (bùguāng)
* 不單／不单 (bùdān)
* 不惟 (bùwéi) (literary)
* 不止 (bùzhǐ)
* 不特 (bùtè) (literary)
* 不獨／不独 (bùdú)
* 不直 (bùzhí) (literary)
* 不論／不论 (bùlùn) (literary)
* 伓止 (ēng-cǐ) (Northern Min, Hokkien)
* 勿僅／勿仅 ($^8$veq-jin) (Wu)
* 勿僅僅／勿仅仅 ($^8$veq-jin-jin) (Wu)
* 勿光 ($^8$veq-kuaon) (Wu)
* 唔只 (m$^4$ zi$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 唔單／唔单 (m$^6$ duan$^1$) (Teochew)
* 唔單只／唔单只 (m$^4$ daan$^1$ zi$^2$) (Cantonese, Teochew)
* 唔淨只／唔净只 (m$^4$ zing$^6$ zi$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 毋但 (Hokkien)
* 豈但／岂但 (qǐdàn) (literary)
* 非但 (fēidàn)
* 非獨／非独 (fēidú)
* 非論／非论 (fēilùn) (literary)

## Old Korean
### Etymology

Potentially a compound of *an (ancestral negating root) + *to (semantically light noun meaning "objective fact", whence Middle Korean ᄃᆞ (to)) + *-k (some kind of suffix).

### Adverb

不只 (*ANTOk)
* cannot; denotes inability to carry out the verb

#### Usage notes

This form is used by the mainstream "Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra glossing tradition" of Interpretive Gugyeol, referring to all Korean-language glosses to the Buddhist canon up to 1300 except for two glosses of excerpts of the Avatamsaka Sutra and a recently discovered gloss of the Sutra of the Repentance Ritual of Great Compassion, all three of which share idiosyncratic features including the use of what appears to be a graphic abbreviation of 毛冬 (“cannot”).
As with Middle and Modern Korean (see 못 (mot) and 못하다 (mothada)), the Old Korean 不只 construction had two forms: a short form in which the adverb directly preceded the negated verb, and a long form in which the adverb negated the verb 爲 (*hoy-, “to do”) similar to English do-support. However, unlike in Middle and Modern Korean, 爲 did not act as a true auxiliary verb, as the main verb was nominalized to become the direct object of 爲.
According to the analysis of Mun Hyeon-su, when the main verb was modified by another adverb, word order in the long form construction of 不只 differed from the long form construction of 毛冬:
* Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra tradition: [NOMINALIZED VERB] [ADVERB] 不只 (*ANTOk) 爲 (*hoy-)
* Avatamsaka Sutra tradition: [NOMINALIZED VERB] 毛冬 (*mwotol) [ADVERB] 爲 (*hoy-)
* Middle and Modern Korean: [ADVERB] [MAIN VERB] 못 (mot) 하 (ha-)

#### Reconstruction notes

The final phonogram 只 denotes the coda consonant *-k.
This adverb is not attested in Middle Korean Idu script. However, some sixteenth-century Chinese–Korean glossaries for use by schoolchildren gloss the Chinese word 不 as 안ᄃᆞᆨ (Yale: antok), of uncertain meaning. As this is the only known negative ending with *-k in Middle Korean sources and as the Middle Korean glossary genre is celebrated for linguistic archaisms, Old Korean 不只 is conventionally reconstructed as *ANTOk. This also matches 不知 (*ANti) and 不冬 (*ANtol), which use the same logogram.

#### See also

* 不知 (*ANti) (nominal negator)
* 不冬 (*ANtol) (verbal negator)
* 毛冬 (*mwotol) (marker of inability)

### References

* 문현수 (Mun Hyeon-su) (2019) “석독구결의 능력부정에 대한 연구 [A study of ability negation in interpretive gugyeol]”, in Gugeosa Yeon'gu, volume 28, →DOI, pages 269–298