# स्तब्ध
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit स्तब्ध (stabdha). Doublet of ठाढ़ा (ṭhāṛhā).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /st̪əbd̪ʱ/, [st̪ɐbd̪ʱ]

### Adjective

स्तब्ध • (stabdh) (indeclinable)
* fixed, firm
* brought to a standstill, motionless, inert
* numb, insensible

### Noun

स्तब्ध • (stabdh) m
* postponement, deferment, adjournment

#### Derived terms

* अस्तब्ध (astabdh, “unsteady”)
* निस्तब्ध (nistabdh, “motionless”)
* निस्तब्धता (nistabdhatā, “stillness”)

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “स्तब्ध”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* স্তব্ধ (Assamese script)
* ᬲ᭄ᬢᬩ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
* স্তব্ধ (Bengali script)
* 𑰭𑰿𑰝𑰤𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀩𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
* သ္တဗ္ဓ (Burmese script)
* સ્તબ્ધ (Gujarati script)
* ਸ੍ਤਬ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌸𑍍𑌤𑌬𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
* ꦱ꧀ꦠꦧ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
* 𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂥𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
* ಸ್ತಬ್ಧ (Kannada script)
* ស្តព្ធ (Khmer script)
* ສ຺ຕພ຺ຘ (Lao script)
* സ്തബ്ധ (Malayalam script)
* ᠰᢠᠠᠪᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘭𑘿𑘝𑘤𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
* ᠰᢐᠠᠪᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧍𑧠𑦽𑧄𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐧𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
* ସ୍ତବ୍ଧ (Odia script)
* ꢱ꣄ꢡꢨ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆱𑇀𑆠𑆧𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
* 𑖭𑖿𑖝𑖤𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
* ස‍්තබ‍්ධ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪁 𑪙𑩫𑩲 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚨𑚶𑚙𑚠𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
* ஸ்தப்³த⁴ (Tamil script)
* స్తబ్ధ (Telugu script)
* สฺตพฺธ (Thai script)
* སྟ་བྡྷ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒥𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨰𑩇𑨙𑨠𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *stabdʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stabdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ-tó-s. From the root स्तभ् (stabh) +‎ -त (-ta).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /stɐb.dʱɐ́/, [stɐb̚.dʱɐ́]
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈs̪t̪ɐb.d̪ʱɐ/, [ˈs̪t̪ɐb̚.d̪ʱɐ]

### Adjective

स्तब्ध • (stabdhá) stem (root स्तभ्)
* firmly fixed, supported, propped
* reaching up to
* stiff, rigid, immovable, paralyzed, senseless, dull
* solidified (as water)
* puffed up, proud, arrogant
* tardy, slack, slow
* obstinate, stubborn, hard-hearted
* coarse

#### Descendants

* Pali: thaddha (“hard, firm, slow”)
* Prakrit: 𑀣𑀤𑁆𑀥 (thaddha), 𑀣𑀟𑁆𑀠 (thaḍḍha), 𑀣𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀺𑀅 (thaḍḍhia, “fixed, firm”), 𑀞𑀟𑁆𑀠 (ṭhaḍḍha, “blunted, cold”), (influenced by Proto-Dravidian *taṇ (“cold”):) *𑀣𑀡𑁆𑀠 (*thaṇḍha), *𑀞𑀡𑁆𑀠 (*ṭhaṇḍha)
** Dardic:
*** Shumashti: [script needed] (tāṛe, “above, up”)
*** Kashmiri: [script needed] (thodu), [script needed] (thaṇḍ)
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit:
**** Bengali: ঠান্ডা (ṭhanḍa)
**** Maithili: [script needed] (ṭhāṛh), [script needed] (ṭhāṛhab, “to stand”)
** Central:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Old Gujarati:
***** Gujarati: ટાઢું (ṭāḍhũ), તાઢું (tāḍhũ, “sluggish, contented, cold”)
**** Hindi: ठाढ़ (ṭhāṛh), ठाड़ (ṭhāṛ), ठाड़ा (ṭhāṛā), ठाढ़ा (ṭhāṛhā, “fixed, stationary, erect, steep”), ठाढ़ना (ṭhāṛhnā, “to be fixed, stand up”), ठंढ (ṭhaṇḍh, “cold”), ठंढा (ṭhaṇḍhā), ठंड (ṭhaṇḍ), ठंडा (ṭhaṇḍā)
**** Pahari:
***** Nepali: ठाडो (ṭhāḍo, “vertical, rude, gauche”)
***** Western Pahari:
****** Jaunsari: [script needed] (ṭhāṛō, “standing”), [script needed] (ṭhāḍā)
*** Romani: tardo
** Southern
*** Maharastri Prakrit:
**** Marathi: ठाडा (ṭhāḍā, “erect”)
** Northwestern:
*** Punjabi: ṭhaḍḍā (boundary pillar)
    Gurmukhi script: ਠੱਡਾ
    Shahmukhi script: ٹَھڈّا
*** Sindhi: ٿڌو (thadho, “cold”)
*** Lahnda: [script needed] (ṭhaḍḍhā)
*** Kumaoni: [script needed] (ṭhāṛo, “ascent”)
* → Hindi: स्तब्ध (stabdh)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “स्तब्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1258/1.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “stabdha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press