# प्रमाण
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रमाण (pramāṇa). Doublet of फ़रमान (farmān).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /pɾə.mɑːɳ/, [pɾɐ.mä̃ːɳ]

### Noun

प्रमाण • (pramāṇ) m (Urdu spelling پرمان)
* proof, evidence, vindication, authentication, attestation
    Synonym: सबूत (sabūt)
    उसके प्रमाण पर आपत्ति मत करो।uske pramāṇ par āpatti mat karo.Do not question his proof.
* measure, rate, scale, magnitude, standard (whether of weight, length, or capacity)

#### Derived terms

* प्रमाण करना (pramāṇ karnā)
* प्रमाणकर्ता (pramāṇkartā)
* प्रमाण-पुरुष (pramāṇ-puruṣ)
* प्रमाणभूत (pramāṇbhūt)

#### References

* Platts, John T. (1884) “प्रमाण”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi प्रमाण (pramāṇa), from Sanskrit प्रमाण (pramāṇa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɾə.maɳ/

### Noun

प्रमाण • (pramāṇ) n
* measure, amount
    Synonym: माप (māp)
* extent, scale, proportion
    Synonym: आकार (ākār)
* proof, evidence
    Synonym: पुरावा (purāvā)
* (uncommon) binding, obligatory
    Synonyms: बंधनकारक (bandhankārak), अनिवार्य (anivārya)

#### Declension
### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “प्रमाण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Tulpule, Shankar Gopal; Feldhaus, Anne, “प्रमाण”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1999.

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* প্ৰমাণ (Assamese script)
* ᬧ᭄ᬭᬫᬵᬡ (Balinese script)
* প্রমাণ (Bengali script)
* 𑰢𑰿𑰨𑰦𑰯𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀫𑀸𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* ပြမာဏ (Burmese script)
* પ્રમાણ (Gujarati script)
* ਪ੍ਰਮਾਣ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌮𑌾𑌣 (Grantha script)
* ꦥꦿꦩꦴꦟ (Javanese script)
* 𑂣𑂹𑂩𑂧𑂰𑂝 (Kaithi script)
* ಪ್ರಮಾಣ (Kannada script)
* ប្រមាណ (Khmer script)
* ປ຺ຣມາຓ (Lao script)
* പ്രമാണ (Malayalam script)
* ᢒᡵᠠᠮᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘢𑘿𑘨𑘦𑘰𑘜 (Modi script)
* ᢒᠷᠠᠮᠠᢗᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧂𑧠𑧈𑧆𑧑𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐵𑐞 (Newa script)
* ପ୍ରମାଣ (Odia script)
* ꢦ꣄ꢬꢪꢵꢠ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆥𑇀𑆫𑆩𑆳𑆟 (Sharada script)
* 𑖢𑖿𑖨𑖦𑖯𑖜 (Siddham script)
* ප්‍රමාණ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩰 𑪙𑩼𑩴𑩛𑩪 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚞𑚶𑚤𑚢𑚭𑚘 (Takri script)
* ப்ரமாண (Tamil script)
* ప్రమాణ (Telugu script)
* ปฺรมาณ (Thai script)
* པྲ་མཱ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒣𑓂𑒩𑒧𑒰𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨞𑩇𑨫𑨢𑨊𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pramaHnam, from *pra- +‎ *maHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁nom, from *meh₁- (“to measure”). Cognate with Old Persian 𐎳𐎼𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎠 (framānā); see New Persian فرمان (farmân, “decree”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /pɾɐ.mɑː.ɳɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /pɾɐˈmɑː.ɳɐ/

### Noun

प्रमाण • (pramāṇa) stem, n
* proof, authority; any proof, testimony, or evidence
* measurement, dimensions, length; measure of any kind
* accordance of the movements in dancing with music and song

#### Descendants

* Pali: pramana
* Prakrit: 𑀧𑀫𑀸𑀡 (pamāṇa)
** Central:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit:
**** Gujarati: પરમાણ (parmāṇ)
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit:
**** Bengali: পানা (pana)
** Southern:
*** Helu Prakrit:
**** Dhivehi: ފުރަމާނަ (furamāna)
**** Sinhalese: ප්‍රමාණය (pramāṇaya)
** Western:
*** Takka Apabhramsa:
**** Punjabi: parmāṇ
    Gurmukhi script: ਪਰਮਾਣ
    Shahmukhi script: پَرمَاݨ
* → Hindi: प्रमाण (pramāṇ)
* → Old Javanese: pramāṇa
** Javanese: ꦥꦿꦩꦤ (pramana)
*** → Indonesian: Pramono
** → Balinese: ᬧ᭄ᬭᬫᬡ (pramana)
* → Old Marathi: प्रमाण (pramāṇa)
** → Marathi: प्रमाण (pramāṇ)

#### References

* “Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, 2012 January 6 (last accessed)
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pramana”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 492