OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 最大化
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zuìdàhuà
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi$^3$ daai$^6$ faa$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zuìdàhuà
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zuèidàhuà
*** Wade–Giles: tsui$^4$-ta$^4$-hua$^4$
*** Yale: dzwèi-dà-hwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzueydahhuah
*** Palladius: цзуйдахуа (czujdaxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeoi$^3$ daai$^6$ faa$^3$
*** Yale: jeui daaih fa
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey$^3$ daai$^6$ faa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêu$^3$ dai$^6$ fa$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵy̯³³ taːi̯²² faː³³/

### Verb

最大化
* to maximize

### Noun

最大化
* maximization
    效用最大化 ― xiàoyòng zuìdàhuà ― utility maximization

#### Antonyms

* 最小化 (zuìxiǎohuà)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 最(さい)大(だい)化(か) (saidaika)
* → Korean: 최대화(最大化) (choedaehwa)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 最 | 大 | 化 |
| さい Grade: 4 | だい Grade: 1 | か Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi |||

### Etymology

最大 (saidai, “maximum”) +‎ 化 (-ka, “-ification”)

### Noun

最(さい)大(だい)化(か) • (saidaika)
* maximization

#### Derived terms

* 最大化(さいだいか)ブタン (saidaika butan, “maximize button”)

### Verb

最(さい)大(だい)化(か)する • (saidaika suru) suru (stem 最(さい)大(だい)化(か)し (saidaika shi), past 最(さい)大(だい)化(か)した (saidaika shita))
* maximize

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 最大化し | さいだいかし | saidaika shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 最大化し | さいだいかし | saidaika shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 最大化する | さいだいかする | saidaika suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 最大化する | さいだいかする | saidaika suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 最大化すれ | さいだいかすれ | saidaika sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 最大化せよ¹ 最大化しろ² | さいだいかせよ¹ さいだいかしろ² | saidaika seyo¹ saidaika shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 最大化される | さいだいかされる | saidaika sareru |
| Causative | 最大化させる 最大化さす | さいだいかさせる さいだいかさす | saidaika saseru saidaika sasu |
| Potential | 最大化できる | さいだいかできる | saidaika dekiru |
| Volitional | 最大化しよう | さいだいかしよう | saidaika shiyō |
| Negative | 最大化しない | さいだいかしない | saidaika shinai |
| Negative continuative | 最大化せず | さいだいかせず | saidaika sezu |
| Formal | 最大化します | さいだいかします | saidaika shimasu |
| Perfective | 最大化した | さいだいかした | saidaika shita |
| Conjunctive | 最大化して | さいだいかして | saidaika shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 最大化すれば | さいだいかすれば | saidaika sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 最 | 大 | 化 |

### Noun

最大化 • (choedaehwa) (hangeul 최대화)
* hanja form of 최대화 (“maximization”)
# clames
## Catalan
### Verb

clames
* second-person singular present indicative of clamar

## French
### Verb

clames
* second-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of clamer

### Anagrams

* calmes, calmés

## Latin
### Verb

clāmēs
* second-person singular present active subjunctive of clāmō

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈklɑː.mes/

### Noun

clāmes
* genitive singular of clām

## Portuguese
### Verb

clames
* second-person singular present subjunctive of clamar

## Spanish
### Verb

clames
* second-person singular present subjunctive of clamar
# granunge
## Middle English
### Noun

granunge
* (Early Middle English) Alternative form of gronynge

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡrɑː.nun.ɡe/, [ˈɡrɑː.nuŋ.ɡe]

### Noun

grānunge
* accusative/genitive/dative singular of grānung
# गल
## Sanskrit
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”). Cognate with Latin gula (“throat”) (whence English gullet), Persian گلو (galu, “throat”), Russian глотка (glotka), Old Armenian կուլ- (kul-).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɡɐ.lɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɡɐ.l̪ɐ/

### Noun

गल • (gala) stem, m
* throat
* neck

#### Descendants

* Assamese: গল (gol)
* Bengali: গলা (gola)
* Gujarati: ગળું (gaḷũ)
* Hindi: गला (galā)
* Kannada: ಗಂಟಲು (gaṇṭalu)
* Konkani: गळो (gaḷô)
* Marathi: गळा (gaḷā)
* Punjabi: ਗਲ਼ਾ (gaḷā), ਗਲ਼ (gaḷa)
* Rohingya: gola
* Sylheti: ꠉꠟꠣ (gola)
* → Telugu: గళము (gaḷamu), గొంతు (gontu)
* Sindhi: गलो (galo)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “गल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 350.
# nonblack
## English
### Alternative forms

* non-black
* non-Black

### Etymology

From non- +‎ black.

### Adjective

nonblack (not comparable)
* Not black in color.
** 2001, Peter Achinstein, The book of evidence:Let us return to the hypothesis that generated the paradox: All nonblack things are nonravens.
* Not of African descent; not racially black.
** 2009 January 18, Robert S. Boynton, “Demographics and Destiny”, in New York Times‎:[…] electing an African-American in a country where African-Americans make up 13 percent of the population required a candidate who appealed to nonblack voters.

#### Synonyms

* unblack

### Noun

nonblack (plural nonblacks)
* A nonblack person.
# non-essential
## English
### Adjective

non-essential (not comparable)
* Alternative spelling of nonessential.
** 2020 April 8, “Network News: Crossrail heads the construction projects placed on hold”, in Rail, page 13:However, the TSSA union has called for a full ban on construction and for all non-essential workers to stay at home, [...]

### References

* “non-essential”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
# but for the grace of God
## English
### Etymology

An ellipsis for there but for the grace of God go I.

### Phrase

but for the grace of God
* Were it not for God's help.

#### Usage notes

* Unlike the full form, this form is sometimes used to refer to someone else's good fortune in avoiding a bad outcome.
# grote egelskop
## Dutch
### Etymology

Literally, “large bur-reed”.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

grote egelskop m (plural grote egelskoppen, diminutive groot egelskopje n)
* simplestem bur-reed, branched bur-reed (Sparganium erectum)

### Further reading

* grote egelskop on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# ܚܓܬܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
### Etymology

From Akkadian 𒂊𒄖𒌋 (egû, “Alhagi”). Compare Classical Syriac ܚܵܓܵܐ (ḥāggā)/ܚܵܓܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥāggṯā, “camelthorn”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [ħaːɣtaː], [xaːɣtaː]
* (Nineveh Plains) IPA: [xaːta]

### Noun

ܚܵܓ݂ܬܵܐ • (ḥāḡtā) f
* (collective) thistles, thorns, brambles etc.
* Syrian mesquite
# bombtillverknings
## Swedish
### Noun

bombtillverknings
* indefinite genitive singular of bombtillverkning
# boshqirdcha
## Uzbek

Other scripts :
| Yangi Imlo | |
| Cyrillic | бошқирдча‍ |
| Latin | boshqirdcha‍ |
| Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan) | |

### Etymology

From boshqird +‎ -cha

### Noun

boshqirdcha (plural boshqirdchalar)
* Bashkir language
# sekongkol
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From se- +‎ kongkol, from Dutch konkelen (“to intrigue”).

### Noun

sekongkol (plural sekongkol-sekongkol, first-person possessive sekongkolku, second-person possessive sekongkolmu, third-person possessive sekongkolnya)
* abetment

#### Synonyms

* persubahatan (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “sekongkol” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# sokkaleistar
## Icelandic
### Noun

sokkaleistar
* indefinite nominative plural of sokkaleistur
# mogvei
## Dongxiang
### Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *mogaï.
Probably related to Proto-Tungusic *muiki. (Can this etymology be sourced?)
Compare Mongolian могой (mogoj), Nanai муйки (mujki).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /moˈʁəj/

### Noun

mogvei
* snake
* (astrology) snake
# apricoc
## Manx
### Etymology

Compare English apricot, archaic apricock.

### Noun

apricoc m (genitive singular apricoc, plural apricocyn)
* apricot (fruit)

#### Derived terms

* billey apricoc
# Aupelkoos
## Plautdietsch
### Noun

Aupelkoos f (plural Aupelkoosen)
* apricot
# मूरत
## Braj
### Etymology

Semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit मूर्ति (mūrti).

### Noun

मूरत (mūrat) f
* statue, form, figure

## Hindi
### Etymology

Semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit मूर्ति (mūrti).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /muː.ɾət̪/, [muː.ɾɐt̪]

### Noun

मूरत • (mūrat) f (Urdu spelling مورت)
* Synonym of मूर्ति (mūrti, “statue, figure”)

#### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “मूरत”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
# preferability
## English
### Alternative forms

* preferrability (rare)

### Etymology

From preferable +‎ -ity or prefer +‎ -ability.

### Noun

preferability (usually uncountable, plural preferabilities)
* The state of being preferable.
** 1993, Michael Krausz, Rightness and Reasons: Interpretation in Cultural Practices, →ISBN, page 27:Again, the multiplist would hold that the grounds for separating admissible from inadmissible interpretations cannot be the same as the grounds for preferability among admissible interpretations.

#### Synonyms

* preferableness
# 殉葬
## Chinese

* 殉葬

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xùnzàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄗㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seon$^1$ zong$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sŭng-cáung
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sūn-chòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sung$^5$ zeng$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xùnzàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄗㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syùnzàng
*** Wade–Giles: hsün$^4$-tsang$^4$
*** Yale: syùn-dzàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunntzanq
*** Palladius: сюньцзан (sjunʹczan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyn⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seon$^1$ zong$^3$
*** Yale: sēun jong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soen$^1$ dzong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sên$^1$ zong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵn⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sŭng-cáung
*** Sinological IPA : /suŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒɑuŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sūn-chòng
*** Tâi-lô: sūn-tsòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suxnzoxng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sun⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sun²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sung$^5$ zeng$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sûng tsṳ̀ng
*** Sinological IPA : /suŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯŋ²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: zwinH tsangH
Rime :
| Character | 殉 | 葬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 辭閏切 | 則浪切 |
| Baxter | zwinH | tsangH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ziuɪn$^H$/ | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zʷin$^H$/ | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zjuen$^H$/ | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zwin$^H$/ | /t͡saŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ziuĕn$^H$/ | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭuĕn$^H$/ | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /zi̯uĕn$^H$/ | /t͡sɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xùn | zàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | seon$^6$ | zong$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.[ɢ]ʷi[n]-s [ts]ˤaŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sɢʷins ʔsaːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 殉 | 葬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xùn | zàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zwin$^H$ › | ‹ tsang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.[ɢ]ʷi[n]-s/ | /*[ts]ˁaŋ-s/ |
| English | accompany in death | bury |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 殉 | 葬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 16398 | 16545 |
| Phonetic component | 匀 | 葬 |
| Rime group | 眞 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 殉 | 葬 |
| Old Chinese | /*sɢʷins/ | /*ʔsaːŋs/ |

### Verb

殉葬
* to be buried with the dead (especially alive)

#### Synonyms

* 殉死 (xùnsǐ)
* 陪葬 (péizàng)

#### Derived terms

* 殉葬品
# grave goods
## English
### Alternative forms

* grave-goods

### Noun

grave goods pl (normally plural, singular grave good)
* (archaeology) The artefacts (jewellery, animals, slaves, etc) buried with a dead person in a grave or tomb.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Grave goods on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* “grave goods”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
# Dr Watsonish
## English
### Etymology

From Dr Watson +‎ -ish.

### Adjective

Dr Watsonish (comparative more Dr Watsonish, superlative most Dr Watsonish)
* Alternative form of Dr. Watsonish.
** 1948 March 17, “Hull Amateurs in ‘Pygmalion’”, in The Daily Mail, number 19,446, Hull, page three:Charles Holdgate was a Dr Watsonish Col. Pickering, and Winifred Brough a perfect piece of gentility as Mrs Higgins.
** 1995 July, “Comment”, in Hammer Horror‎, number 5, London: Marvel Comics UK Ltd:Richard Davis drew a similar analogy in Films and Filming’s issue of July 1967, Walters’s “Dr Watsonish assistant” reminding him “irresistibly of Peter Cushing’s Sherlock Holmes in Hound of the Baskervilles.”
** 2009 October 3, Craig Brown, “Was his diary his downfall?”, in The Spectator‎, archived from the original on 18 April 2023:The audiotape of Alan Clark’s Diaries — barely mentioned in this rather Dr Watsonish, sensible shoe of a biography — is well worth hearing.
** 2015 April 23, Jake Kerridge, “The Infidel Stain by MJ Carter, review: 'subtle'”, in The Telegraph‎, archived from the original on 18 April 2023:Avery, the Dr Watsonish narrator, is a well-to-do ex-soldier who touchingly believes that English gentlemen always tell the truth and do the right thing.
# bum hole
## English
### Noun

bum hole (plural bum holes)
* Alternative form of bumhole (anus)
** 2014 May 8, Mark Simpson, “There's a Lot that's Gay About Soccer (Just Don't Tell the Fans)”, in Out‎:More than any other sport I can think of, soccer probes for the weaknesses of the other side. And what greater weakness could there be than a bum hole? Especially since all men have one.
# Denpasar
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Balinese ᬤᬾᬦ᭄ᬧᬲᬃ (denpasar).

### Proper noun

Denpasar
* A city, the provincial capital of Bali, Indonesia.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* asperand

## Dutch
### Proper noun

Denpasar ?
* Denpasar (a city, the provincial capital of Bali, Indonesia)

### Further reading

* Denpasar on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Balinese ᬤᬾᬦ᭄ᬧᬲᬃ (denpasar).

### Proper noun

Dènpasar
* Denpasar (a city, the provincial capital of Bali, Indonesia).

### See also

* Sarbagita

### Further reading

* Kota Denpasar on the Indonesian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{id}$
* “Denpasar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# inarticulation
## English
### Etymology

From in- +‎ articulation.

### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /ˌɪn.ɑː(ɹ).tɪk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

inarticulation (countable and uncountable, plural inarticulations)
* (uncountable) The state of being inarticulate; inarticulateness.
** 1976, Uma Parameswaran, A Study of Representative Indo-English Novelists, →ISBN, page 81:"The inarticulation of a fond father in an undemonstrative family setting is brought out admirably..."
* (education, US) Any point in the educational system in which the development of the individual is hindered.
** 1937, Fred Engelhardt, Alfred Victor Overn, Secondary Education: Principles and Practices, page 124:"Another traditional source of inarticulation is the requirement of an eighth-grade diploma for entrance to high school."
* An inarticulate or underarticulated utterance.
** 2002, Mad Macz, Internet Underground: The Way of the Hacker, page 111:"There are some methods of jargonification that became established quite early... These include verb doubling, sound-alike slang, the '-P' convention, overgeneralization, spoken inarticulations, and anthropomorphization."

#### Related terms

* underarticulation
* overarticulation
* hyperarticulation

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

inarticulation f (plural inarticulations)
* inarticulation

### Further reading

* “inarticulation”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# hyldum
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxyl.dum/, [ˈhyɫ.dum]

### Noun

hyldum
* dative plural of hyld
# hyldes
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxyl.des/, [ˈhyɫ.des]

### Noun

hyldes
* genitive singular of hyld
# hyngraþ
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxyn.ɡrɑθ/, [ˈhyŋ.ɡrɑθ]

### Verb

hyngraþ
* inflection of hyngran:
** plural present indicative
** plural imperative
# hælendes
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxæː.len.des/, [ˈhæː.len.des]

### Noun

hǣlendes
* genitive singular of hǣlend
# hæleþe
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxæ.le.θe/, [ˈhæ.le.θe]

### Noun

hæleþe
* dative singular of hæleþ
# Latvian SSR
## English
### Proper noun

the Latvian SSR
* Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, the name of Latvia when it was a member republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1940–1941 and 1944–1991).

#### Translations
### See also

* Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
# Cotnari
## English
### Etymology

From Romanian Cotnari.

### Proper noun

Cotnari
* A commune of Iași, Romania.
* A village in Cotnari, Iași, Romania.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Kottner.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Cotnari m
* A commune of Iași, Romania
* A village in Cotnari, Iași, Romania
# hyrte
## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Verb

hyrte
* past of hyra

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxyr.te/, [ˈhyrˠ.te]

### Verb

hyrte
* inflection of hyrtan:
** first-person singular present/preterite indicative
** third-person singular preterite indicative
** singular present/preterite subjunctive
# hyrt
## Middle English
### Noun

hyrt
* Alternative form of hird (“household”)

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Verb

hyrt
* past participle of hyra

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xyrt/, [hyrˠt]

### Verb

hyrt
* inflection of hyrtan:
** third-person singular present indicative
** singular imperative

## Swedish
### Adjective

hyrt
* indefinite neuter singular of hyrd

### Verb

hyrt
* supine of hyra
# Leptomyrmex
## Translingual
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek λεπτός (leptós, “thin”) (compare English lepto-) + μύρμηξ (múrmēx, “ant”)

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˌlɛptəˈmɜːməks/

### Proper noun

Leptomyrmex f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Formicidae – Any species of slender, long-legged ants native to East Indonesia and Oceania; the Spider ants.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Protostomia – infrakingdom; Ecdysozoa – superphylum; Arthropoda – phylum; Hexapoda – subphylum; Insecta – class; Pterygota – subclass; Neoptera – infraclass; Holometabola – superorder; Hymenoptera – order; Apocrita - suborder; Formicoidea - superfamily; Formicidae - family; Dolichoderinae - subfamily

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Leptomyrmex erythrocephalus - type species

### References

* Leptomyrmex on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Leptomyrmex on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Leptomyrmex on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Leptomyrmex at Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
# nb-jmꜣt
## Egyptian
### Etymology

From nb (“lord, possessor”) +‎ jmꜣt (“friendliness, charm, belovedness”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “possessor of friendliness/charm/belovedness”.

### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /nɛb imɑt/
** Conventional anglicization: neb-imat

### Noun

m
* well-liked or charming one

#### Alternative forms

nb-jmꜣt :
[Middle Kingdom] :

### References

* “nb-jꜣm.t (lemma ID 81940)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 80.4
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 20
# hæftnoþ
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxæft.noθ/, [ˈhæft.noθ]

### Noun

hæftnoþ m
* custody, imprisonment

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “hæft-noþ”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
# hæste
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxæːs.te/, [ˈhæːs.te]

### Noun

hǣste
* inflection of hǣst:
** nominative plural
** accusative singular/plural
** genitive/dative singular

### Adjective

hǣste
* inflection of hǣst:
** strong accusative feminine singular
** strong instrumental masculine/neuter singular
** strong nominative/accusative masculine/feminine plural
** weak nominative feminine/neuter singular
** weak accusative neuter singular
# pastrami
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Yiddish פּאַסטראַמע (pastrame), from Romanian pastramă, from Ottoman Turkish باصدرمه (modern Turkish pastırma), a variation of bastırma (“dried meat”), from root bas- (“to press”). It is sometimes claimed that the origin of the Turkish word is Greek παστώνω (pastóno, “I salt”), from Ancient Greek παστός (pastós, “sprinkled with salt, salted”). The English spelling ending in -mi is probably from the influence of salami.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /pæˈstɹɑːmi/, /pəˈstɹɑːmi/
* (US) enPR: pə-sträʹmē, IPA: /pəˈstɹɑːmi/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

pastrami (countable and uncountable, plural pastramis)
* A seasoned smoked cut of beef, traditionally made from a navel cut.

#### Related terms

* pastirma
* pastrama

#### Descendants

* → Cebuano: pastrami
* → German: Pastrami
* → Spanish: pastrami

#### Translations
### See also

* corned beef
* smoked meat (a similar deli meat made from a brisket cut)
* salt beef
* smoked beef

### References

* ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd Edition, 2005, s.v. 'pastrami'
* ↑ Andriotis et al., Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής
* ↑ Babiniotis, Λεξικό της Νεας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας

### Anagrams

* pastirma

## Cebuano
### Etymology

From English pastrami.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: pas‧tra‧mi

### Noun

pastrami
* a pastrami

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Yiddish פּאַסטראַמע (pastrame).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑstrɑmi/, [ˈpɑ̝s̠trɑ̝mi]
* Rhymes: -ɑstrɑmi
* Syllabification: past‧ra‧mi

### Noun

pastrami
* pastrami

#### Declension

Possessive forms of pastrami (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation) :

### Further reading

* “pastrami”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## French
### Etymology

From Romanian pastramă, probably through Yiddish and possibly through English, that from Ottoman Turkish باصدرمه (modern Turkish pastırma).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

pastrami m (plural pastramis)
* pastrami

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Romanian pastramă, probably through Yiddish and possibly through English, that from Ottoman Turkish باصدرمه (modern Turkish pastırma).

### Noun

pastrami m (plural pastramis)
* pastrami (seasoned cut of smoked beef)
# kabihasnan
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* kabihasahan, kabihasanan
* kabisanhan

### Etymology

Syncopic form of kabihasanan, from bihasa +‎ ka- -nan.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /kabihasˈnan/ [kɐ.bɪ.hɐsˈn̪an̪]
** IPA: /kabiasˈnan/ [kɐ.bjɐsˈn̪an̪] (h-dropping)
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: ka‧bi‧has‧nan

### Noun

kabihasnán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜊᜒᜑᜐ᜔ᜈᜈ᜔)
* civilization
    Synonym: sibilisasyon
* accustomedness; habituation
    Synonyms: pagkasanay, pagkabihasa

### Further reading

* “kabihasnan”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# n-argóintí
## Irish
### Adjective

n-argóintí
* Eclipsed form of argóintí.

### Noun

n-argóintí
* Eclipsed form of argóintí.

### Verb

n-argóintí
* Eclipsed form of argóintí.