# 嗚咽
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wūyè
    (Zhuyin): ㄨ ㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wu$^1$ jit$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): o͘-iat
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wūyè
*** Zhuyin: ㄨ ㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wuyè
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^1$-yeh$^4$
*** Yale: wū-yè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uyeh
*** Palladius: уе (uje)
*** Sinological IPA : /u⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wu$^1$ jit$^3$
*** Yale: wū yit
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wu$^1$ jit$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wu$^1$ yid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuː⁵⁵ jiːt̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o͘-iat
*** Tâi-lô: oo-iat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: o'iad
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² iɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔ³³ iɛt̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: 'u 'en|'enH|'et
Rime :
| Character | 嗚 | 咽 | 咽 | 咽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 先 (85) | 先 (85) | 屑 (87) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | IV | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 哀都切 | 烏前切 | 於甸切 | 烏結切 |
| Baxter | 'u | 'en | 'enH | 'et |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔuo/ | /ʔen/ | /ʔen$^H$/ | /ʔet̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔuo/ | /ʔen/ | /ʔen$^H$/ | /ʔet̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔo/ | /ʔɛn/ | /ʔɛn$^H$/ | /ʔɛt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɔ/ | /ʔɛn/ | /ʔɛn$^H$/ | /ʔɛt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔo/ | /ʔen/ | /ʔen$^H$/ | /ʔet̚/ |
| Wang Li | /u/ | /ien/ | /ien$^H$/ | /iet̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔuo/ | /ʔien/ | /ʔien$^H$/ | /ʔiet̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wū | yān | yàn | ye |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wu$^1$ | jin$^1$ | jin$^3$ | jit$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qaː qiːn|qiːns|qiːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 咽 | 咽 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yān | yàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔen › | ‹ ʔen$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔˁi[n]/ | /*ʔˁi[n]-s/ |
| English | gullet | swallow (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 嗚 | 咽 | 咽 | 咽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 13078 | 15172 | 15173 | 15187 |
| Phonetic component | 烏 | 因 | 因 | 因 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 眞 | 眞 | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 烏 | 煙 | 宴 | 噎 |
| Old Chinese | /*qaː/ | /*qiːn/ | /*qiːns/ | /*qiːd/ |
| Notes | | | 同嚥 | |

### Verb

嗚咽
* to sob; to whimper

#### Synonyms

* 咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
* 哭 (kū)
* 哭泣 (kūqì)
* 哭訴／哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
* 哭鼻子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous)
* 啜氣／啜气 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 啜泣 (chuòqì)
* 啼 (tí) (literary, or in compounds)
* 啼哭 (tíkū) (to cry loudly)
* 嗆／呛 (Hokkien)
* 大哭 (dàkū) (to weep loudly)
* 忽喇 (hueh$^4$ ci$^1$) (Jin)
* 抽咽 (chōuyè)
* 抽噎 (chōuyē)
* 抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
* 抽泣 (chōuqì)
* 泣 (literary, or in compounds)
* 流淚／流泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)
* 流眼淚／流眼泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)
* 痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)
* 號哭／号哭 (háokū) (to wail)
* 號啕／号啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)
* 飲泣／饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 嗚咽(おえつ) (oetsu)
* → Korean: 오열(嗚咽) (oyeol)

### Adjective

嗚咽
* (literary, of a sound) low and deep

#### Derived terms

* 嗚嗚咽咽／呜呜咽咽

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 嗚 | 咽 |
| お Hyōgai | えつ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 鳴咽 (misspelling)

### Noun

嗚(お)咽(えつ) • (oetsu)
* sobbing

### Verb

嗚(お)咽(えつ)する • (oetsu suru) intransitive suru (stem 嗚(お)咽(えつ)し (oetsu shi), past 嗚(お)咽(えつ)した (oetsu shita))
* to sob

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 嗚咽し | おえつし | oetsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 嗚咽し | おえつし | oetsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 嗚咽する | おえつする | oetsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 嗚咽する | おえつする | oetsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 嗚咽すれ | おえつすれ | oetsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 嗚咽せよ¹ 嗚咽しろ² | おえつせよ¹ おえつしろ² | oetsu seyo¹ oetsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 嗚咽される | おえつされる | oetsu sareru |
| Causative | 嗚咽させる 嗚咽さす | おえつさせる おえつさす | oetsu saseru oetsu sasu |
| Potential | 嗚咽できる | おえつできる | oetsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 嗚咽しよう | おえつしよう | oetsu shiyō |
| Negative | 嗚咽しない | おえつしない | oetsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 嗚咽せず | おえつせず | oetsu sezu |
| Formal | 嗚咽します | おえつします | oetsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 嗚咽した | おえつした | oetsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 嗚咽して | おえつして | oetsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 嗚咽すれば | おえつすれば | oetsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 嗚 | 咽 |

### Noun

嗚咽 • (oyeol) (hangeul 오열)
* hanja form of 오열 (“sobbing, wailing”)