# एतद्
## Pali
### Alternative forms

* etad (Latin script)
* 𑀏𑀢𑀤𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* এতদ্ (Bengali script)
* එතද් (Sinhalese script)
* ဧတဒ် or ဨတဒ် or ဢေတၻ် (Burmese script)
* เอตทฺ or เอตัท (Thai script)
* ᩑᨲᨴ᩺ (Tai Tham script)
* ເອຕທ຺ or ເອຕັທ (Lao script)
* ឯតទ៑ (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄬𑄖𑄘𑄴 (Chakma script)

### Adjective

एतद्
* Devanagari script form of etad, which is nominative/accusative singular neuter of एत (eta, “this”)

### Pronoun

एतद् n
* Devanagari script form of etad, which is nominative/accusative singular of एत (eta, “this one”)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* এতদ্ (Assamese script)
* ᬏᬢᬤ᭄ (Balinese script)
* এতদ্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰊𑰝𑰟𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀏𑀢𑀤𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ဧတဒ် (Burmese script)
* એતદ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਏਤਦ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌏𑌤𑌦𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦌꦠꦢ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂉𑂞𑂠𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಏತದ್ (Kannada script)
* ឯតទ៑ (Khmer script)
* ເອຕທ຺ (Lao script)
* ഏതദ് (Malayalam script)
* ᡝᢠᠠᡩ (Manchu script)
* 𑘊𑘝𑘟𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠧᢐᠠᢑ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦪𑦽𑦿𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐊𑐟𑐡𑑂 (Newa script)
* ଏତଦ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢍꢡꢣ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆍𑆠𑆢𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖊𑖝𑖟𑖿 (Siddham script)
* එතද් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩔𑩫𑩭 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚆𑚙𑚛𑚶 (Takri script)
* ஏதத்³ (Tamil script)
* ఏతద్ (Telugu script)
* เอตทฺ (Thai script)
* ཨེ་ཏ་ད྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒋𑒞𑒠𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨄𑨙𑨛𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *éy + *tód. Compare Russian этот (etot), Latin istud.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɐj.tɐ́d/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈeː.t̪ɐd̪/

### Pronoun

एतद् • (etád)
* this, this here
    एष बाणः ― eṣa bāṇaḥ ― this arrow
    एष कालः ― eṣa kālaḥ ― this time, i.e. now
** (Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Yamakavagga, page 26; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya‎, Colombo, 2009:5. න හි වෛරෙණ වෛරාණී ශාම්‍යන‍්තීහ කදාචන ක්‍ෂාන‍්ත්‍යා වෛරාණී ශම්‍යන‍්ති එෂ ධර්‍මඃ සනාතනඃ.5. Na hi vaireṇa vairāṇi śāmyantīha kadācana. Kṣāntyā vairāṇi śāmyanti eṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ.5. For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred. Hatreds are settled by forbearance. This is an eternal truth.(literally, “5. For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred. Hatreds are settled by forbearance. This truth is eternal.”)(Wiktionary translation adapted from translation of the Pali by Ajahn Sujato.)
* sometimes used to give emphasis to the personal pronouns
    एषोऽहम् ― eṣoʼham ― I (emphatic); the person right here

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kalami: aṣe
** Khowar: ہیس (hes)
** Torwali: اے (e)
* Pali: eso, eta
* Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀏𑀱 (eṣa), 𑀏𑀲 (esa), 𑀏𑀲𑀸 (esā)
** Prakrit: 𑀏𑀲𑁄 (eso), 𑀏𑀅𑀁 (eaṃ), 𑀏𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (eassa)
*** Central:
**** Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
***** Awadhi: यह (yah), एहु (ehu), इउ (iu)
**** Sauraseni Prakrit:
***** Domaaki: [script needed] (hei)
***** Old Hindi: यहु (yahu), यह (yaha), यौ (yau)
****** Braj: यह (yah)
****** Hindustani:
    Hindi: यह (yah)
    Urdu: یہ (yah)
*** Eastern:
**** Magadhi Prakrit:
***** Assamese: ই (i), এই (ei)
***** Bengali: এ (e), এই (ei)
***** Bihari:
****** Maithili: ई (ī), एँ (ē̃)
***** Odia: ଏ (e)
*** Northern:
**** Khasa Prakrit:
***** Central Pahari:
****** Kumaoni: यो (yo)
***** Eastern Pahari:
****** Nepali: यो (yo), यस (yas)
***** Western Pahari:
****** Bhadrawahi: ई (ī), इस (is)
*** Northwestern:
**** Paisaci Prakrit:
***** Takka Apabhramsa:
****** Lahnda: اے (e), اس (is), ایہو (īho)
****** Punjabi: eh, ih, e
    Gurmukhi script: ਏਹ, ਇਹ, ਏ
    Shahmukhi script: اِہ, اِہ, اے
***** Vracada Apabhramsa:
****** Sindhi: hiu, hia, ĩẽ, īho, īhā
    Arabic script: هِءُ, هِءَ, اِين, اِيهو, اِيهَا
    Devanagari script: हिउ, हिअ, इएं, ईहो, ईहा
*** Southern:
**** Helu Prakrit:
***** Dhivehi: އެ (e)
***** Sinhalese: එ (e), ඒ (ē)
*** Western:
**** Sauraseni Prakrit:
***** Gujarati: એ (e)

#### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “एतद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 231.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “esa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 122