OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Excalibur
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English Excalaber, from Old French Escalibor, Escaliborc, prothetic form of Calliborc, alteration of Calibourne, from Medieval Latin Caliburnus (Geoffrey of Monmouth, ca. 1136), influenced by calibs (“steel”) (for chalybs), alteration of Old Welsh Caledbulch (compare modern Caledfwlch), compound of caled (“hard”) and bwlch (“cleft, crack”). Related to the Irish legendary sword Caladbolg, literally ‘hard-belly’, i.e. ‘voracious’.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛksˈkæ.lɪ.bɚ/

### Proper noun

Excalibur (plural Excaliburs)
* (Arthurian legend) The legendary sword of King Arthur, having magical properties.
** 1974, Stephen D. Isaacs, Jews and American Politics, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, Inc., →ISBN, page 53:Until recently, suppression of ethnicity has perhaps been the leading characteristic of the trend of thought of these Jewish intellectuals. Some, like Noam Chomsky and I. F. Stone, have been considered by some Jews to be so suppressed—or at least so overcompensating for their being Jewish—as to be regarded as anti-Semitic on some issues. Such men flaunt their universalism like Excaliburs of truth and objectivity.
** 1998, Imogen Stubbs, “The Undiscovered Road: Northumberland”, in Dea Birkett, Sara Wheeler, editors, Amazonian: The Penguin Book of Women’s New Travel Writing, Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 228:And we would see fish swimming among the tall bulrushes that rose like Excaliburs out of the lake.
** 2017, James May, The Reassembler, Hodder & Stoughton, →ISBN, page 19:You and I, we are not alone, and our screwdrivers are our flashing Excaliburs as we sally forth to make small parts of the fragmented world whole again.

#### Usage notes

In the Arthurian legends, young Arthur is able to draw the Sword in the Stone, which proves that it is his destiny to become king. When he is a king, the Lady of the Lake presents him a sword. In some early versions of the legend Excalibur is the Sword in the Stone; in other versions it is the sword presented by the Lady of the Lake. In more recent retellings, these two swords have been identified with each other.

#### Translations
## Polish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English Excalibur.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛk.skaˈli.bur/
* Rhymes: -ibur
* Syllabification: Ex‧ca‧li‧bur

### Proper noun

Excalibur m inan
* Alternative form of Ekskalibur

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Excalibur in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English Excalibur.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /is.ka.liˈbuʁ/ [is.ka.liˈbuh], /isˈka.li.buʁ/ [isˈka.li.buh]
* (Brazil) IPA: /is.ka.liˈbuʁ/ [is.ka.liˈbuh], /isˈka.li.buʁ/ [isˈka.li.buh]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /is.ka.liˈbuɾ/, /isˈka.li.buɾ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʃ.ka.liˈbuʁ/ [iʃ.ka.liˈbuχ], /iʃˈka.li.buʁ/ [iʃˈka.li.buχ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /is.ka.liˈbuɻ/, /isˈka.li.buɻ/

### Proper noun

Excalibur f
* (Arthurian legend) Excalibur (King Arthur’s sword)
# brought away
## English
### Verb

brought away
* simple past and past participle of bring away
# answering someone's prayers
## English
### Verb

answering someone's prayers
* present participle and gerund of answer someone's prayers
# ŝinko
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From Polish szynka, Russian шинка (šinka), Yiddish שינקע (shinke), all from German Schinken.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃinko]
* Rhymes: -inko
* Hyphenation: ŝin‧ko

### Noun

ŝinko (accusative singular ŝinkon, plural ŝinkoj, accusative plural ŝinkojn)
* ham

#### Descendants

* Ido: shinko

#### See also

* porkaĵo
# blauwigs
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

blauwigs
* partitive of blauwig
# ToR
## English
### Noun

ToR (uncountable)
* Initialism of Transcript of Records.
* Initialism of Terms of Reference.
    Synonyms: TOR, TofR
** 2024 August, David Hammond, “Chief executive performance committees”, in LG: New Zealand Local Government, volume 61, →ISSN, page 32:What I am seeing is governance committees (and therefore, whole Boards) being exposed to risk through the ‘cut n paste’ development of their ToR.
# lína
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈliːna]

### Noun

lína
* genitive/accusative singular of lín

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse lína, from Proto-Germanic *līnǭ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlʊiːna/
    Rhymes: -ʊiːna

### Noun

lína f (genitive singular línu, plural línur)
* (fishing) line
* (climbing) rope

#### Declension
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse lína, from Proto-Germanic *līnǭ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈliːna]
    Rhymes: -iːna

### Noun

lína f (genitive singular línu, nominative plural línur)
* (geometry) a line, a straight line
    Synonym: bein lína
* (fishing) a fishing line
* a string, a line, a rope
    Synonym: snæri
* line (in a poem, etc.)

#### Derived terms

* á sömu línu
* tvinnlína (“complex line”)

#### See also

* veiðarfæri
# thyi
## Atong (India)
### Etymology

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *thɯi¹ (“to die”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səj (“to die”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰəj/

### Verb

thyi- (Bengali script থেঃয় or থেঃই)
* to die

### References

* van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
# курдистонлик
## Uzbek

Other scripts :
| Yangi Imlo | |
| Cyrillic | курдистонлик‍ |
| Latin | kurdistonlik‍ |
| Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan) | |

### Noun

курдистонлик (kurdistonlik) (plural курдистонликлар)
* Cyrillic spelling of kurdistonlik
# oʻgʻil
## Uzbek

Other scripts :
| Yangi Imlo | |
| Cyrillic | ўғил‍ |
| Latin | oʻgʻil‍ |
| Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan) | اۉغیل |

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ogul.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /oˈʁil/
* Hyphenation: oʻ‧gʻil

### Noun

oʻgʻil (plural oʻgʻillar)
* son
# Dolichos sinensis
## Translingual
### Proper noun

Dolichos sinensis m
* (obsolete) Synonym of Vigna unguiculata
# Yule log
## English
### Alternative forms

* yule log

### Etymology

From Yule +‎ log.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

Yule log (plural Yule logs)
* A large log traditionally burned on Christmas Eve.
    Synonyms: (archaic) Christmas block, Yule block, Yule clog
    Hypernym: firelog
* A log-shaped Christmas sponge cake, covered in chocolate, traditionally from French-speaking countries.

#### Coordinate terms

* tió de Nadal
# máta
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *męta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmaːta]

### Noun

máta f (related adjective mátový)
* mint (any of several plants of the genus Mentha, typically aromatic with square stems)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “máta”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “máta”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “máta”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Faroese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmɔata]

### Etymology 1

From mát (‘measure’).

#### Verb

máta (third person singular past indicative mátaði, supine mátað)
* to measure

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From mát (‘checkmate’).

#### Verb

máta (third person singular past indicative mátaði, supine mátað)
* (chess) to checkmate

##### Conjugation
## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmauːta/
    Rhymes: -auːta

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

máta (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative mátaði, supine mátað)
* to try on, see whether (something) fits
    Mátaðu þessa skyrtu.Try this shirt on.

##### Derived terms

* ofmáta

##### Related terms

* mátun

### Etymology 2

From mát (“checkmate”).

#### Verb

máta (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative mátaði, supine mátað)
* to checkmate

##### Conjugation
## Irish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

máta m (genitive singular máta, nominative plural mátaí)
* (nautical) mate

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
máta
mátaí
vocative
a mháta
a mhátaí
genitive
máta
mátaí
dative
máta
mátaí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an máta
na mátaí
genitive
an mháta
na mátaí
dative
leis an máta don mháta
leis na mátaí :

#### Derived terms

* ardmháta (“first officer”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# przedrzucawkowy
## Polish
### Etymology

From przed- +‎ rzucawka +‎ -owy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʂɛd.ʐu.t͡safˈkɔ.vɘ/
* Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
* Syllabification: przed‧rzu‧caw‧ko‧wy

### Adjective

przedrzucawkowy (not comparable)
* (relational) preeclampsia
    stan przedrzucawkowy ― preeclampsia
# pobłażanie
## Polish
### Etymology

From pobłażać +‎ -anie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔ.bwaˈʐa.ɲɛ/
* Rhymes: -aɲɛ
* Syllabification: po‧bła‧ża‧nie

### Noun

pobłażanie n
* verbal noun of pobłażać
# Vajányi
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Vajány +‎ -i.

### Proper noun

Vajányi
* a habitational surname
# pamoate
## English
### Etymology

From pamoic acid +‎ -ate (“salt or ester”).

### Noun

pamoate (plural pamoates)
* (organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of pamoic acid.
# facking off
## English
### Verb

facking off
* present participle and gerund of fack off
# afalip
## Torricelli
### Verb

afalip
* turn over
    Synonym: afalu

### References

* Drinfeld, Andrey. 2023. Aro-English / English-Aro Dictionary. Ms. 112pp.
# mæna
## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaiːna/
    Rhymes: -aiːna

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse mœna, from Proto-Germanic *mōnijaną- (“to tower”), from Proto-Indo-European *men-.

#### Noun

mæna f (genitive singular mænu, nominative plural mænur)
* spinal cord

##### Derived terms

* mænudeyfing

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

mæna (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative mændi, supine mænt)
* to tower
    Hann mænir yfir mig.He towers over me.
* to stare
    Ég mændi á stöðuvatnið.I stared at the lake.
# Etchingham
## English
### Proper noun

Etchingham
* A village and civil parish in Rother district, East Sussex, England (OS grid ref TQ7126).

### References

* Parish map
# Turkmaniston
## Uzbek

Other scripts :
| Yangi Imlo | |
| Cyrillic | Туркманистон‍ |
| Latin | Turkmaniston‍ |
| Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan) | |

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Proper noun

Turkmaniston
* Turkmenistan (a country in Central Asia)

#### Derived terms

* turkmanistonlik
# 好過
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hǎoguò
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄠˇ ㄍㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hou$^2$ gwo$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hó-ko
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hó-kòe / hó-kè
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$hau-ku
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hǎoguò
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄠˇ ㄍㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hǎoguò
*** Wade–Giles: hao$^3$-kuo$^4$
*** Yale: hǎu-gwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haoguoh
*** Palladius: хаого (xaogo)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hou$^2$ gwo$^3$
*** Yale: hóu gwo
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hou$^2$ gwo$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hou$^2$ guo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hou̯³⁵ kʷɔː³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hó-ko
*** Hakka Romanization System: ho$^ˋ$ go
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ho$^3$ go$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ho³¹ ko⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hó-kòe
*** Tâi-lô: hó-kuè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoy'koex
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kue²¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hó-kè
*** Tâi-lô: hó-kè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoy'kex
*** IPA (Taipei): /ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ke¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$hau-ku
*** MiniDict: hau$^去$ ku
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$hau-ku
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hɔ³³ ku⁴⁴/

### Adjective

好過
* well-off and comfortable
* feeling comfortable; feeling good
* (Cantonese, used after a predicate) had better; might as well (Used to indicate something is better and one might as well do it)
       jyun$^4$ loi$^4$ zing$^2$ bou$^6$ din$^6$ waa$^{6-2}$ jiu$^3$ gam$^3$ gwai$^3$, gam$^2$ ngo$^5$ bat$^1$ jyu$^4$ heoi$^3$ maai$^5$ gwo$^3$ bou$^6$ san$^1$ gei$^1$ hou$^2$ gwo$^3$. [Jyutping]
       Apparently it is that expensive to fix my phone. I might as well buy a new one.
# Vigna sinensis
## Translingual
### Proper noun

Vigna sinensis f
* (archaic) Synonym of Vigna unguiculata
# ahtunga
## Old High German
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *ahtungu. Cognate with Old Saxon *ahtinga, Old Dutch ahtinga, Old English eahtung. Equivalent to ahtōn +‎ -unga.

#### Noun

ahtunga f
* consideration, deliberation
* estimation, evaluation, judgement
* reputation

##### Descendants

* Middle High German: ahtunge
** German: Achtung

### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *ą̄htungu. Equivalent to āhten +‎ -unga. Cognate with Old Dutch *ahtinga, Old Saxon *ehtinga (whence Middle Low German echtinge), Old English ēhtung.

#### Noun

ahtunga f
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

##### Descendants

* Middle High German: āhtunge, æhtunge
** German: Ächtung
# neðan
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse neðan (“below, beneath”), from Proto-Germanic *niþanē (“below, beneath”).

### Adverb

neðan (not comparable)
* (of direction) below, beneath
    Hann kom neðan frá.He came from below.
* (of a place) below, at the bottom
    Miðinn er fastur neðan á fernunni.The ticket is stuck on the bottom of the carton.
    Séð að neðan.Seen from below.
    Þetta virtist vera stærra séð að neðan.It seemed to be larger when seen from below.

#### Derived terms

* fyrir neðan
* fá sér neðan í því (“to down one, to have a little to drink”)
* taka neðan af (“to shorten”)

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *niþanē (“below, beneath”), from *niþer + *-anē, equivalent to niðr + -an. Cognate with Old English neoþan, Old Saxon nithana, Old High German nidana.

### Adverb

neðan (not comparable)
* below, beneath

#### Related terms

* niðr

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: neðan
* Faroese: niðan
* Norwegian: nedan
* Old Swedish: niþan, næþan
** Swedish: nedan
* Old Danish: næthæn
** Danish: neden
# لوکی
## Punjabi
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /loː.kiː/
* Rhymes: -iː
* Hyphenation: لو‧کی

### Noun

لوکی • (lokī) m pl (indeclinable, Gurmukhi spelling ਲੋਕੀ) (in the plural)
* Pronunciation variant of لوکِیں (lokīṉ, “people”).

### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “لوکی”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
* Bashir, Kanwal (2012) “لوکی”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
# 留返啖氣暖肚
## Chinese

| | | leave (message); to retain; to stayleave (message); to retain; to stay; to remain; to keep; to preserve | to return (to) | eat; taste; entice (with a bait) | gas; air; smellgas; air; smell; weather; vital breath; to make someone angry; to get angry; to be enraged | warm; toasty | belly; tripe |
| trad. (留返啖氣暖肚) | trad. (留返啖氣暖肚) | 留 | 返 | 啖 | 氣 | 暖 | 肚 |
| simp. (留返啖气暖肚) | simp. (留返啖气暖肚) | 留 | 返 | 啖 | 气 | 暖 | 肚 |
| Literally: “save one's gas to keep one's stomach warm”. ||||||||
(This form in the hanzi box is uncreated: "留返啖气暖肚".)

### Alternative forms

* 留返啖氣暖下肚／留返啖气暖下肚

### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): lau$^4$ faan$^1$ daam$^6$ hei$^3$ nyun$^5$ to$^5$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lau$^4$ faan$^1$ daam$^6$ hei$^3$ nyun$^5$ to$^5$
*** Yale: làuh fāan daahm hei nyúhn tóh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lau$^4$ faan$^1$ daam$^6$ hei$^3$ nyn$^5$ to$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: leo$^4$ fan$^1$ dam$^6$ héi$^3$ nün$^5$ to$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐu̯²¹ faːn⁵⁵ taːm²² hei̯³³ nyːn¹³ tʰɔː¹³/

### Idiom

留返啖氣暖肚
* (Cantonese) to save one's breath
       tung$^4$ keoi$^5$ gong$^2$ dou$^1$ saai$^1$ hei$^3$, nei$^5$ lau$^4$ faan$^1$ daam$^6$ hei$^3$ nyun$^5$ haa$^5$ tou$^5$ hou$^2$ gwo$^3$ laa$^1$! [Jyutping]
       It's no use telling him. You'd better save your breath to cool your porridge!
# Antichristi
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /an.tiˈkʰriːs.tiː/, [än̪t̪ɪˈkʰriːs̠t̪iː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /an.tiˈkris.ti/, [än̪t̪iˈkrist̪i]

### Noun

Antichrīstī
* genitive singular of Antichrīstus
# flattens down
## English
### Verb

flattens down
* third-person singular simple present indicative of flatten down
# dermatologisesti
## Finnish
### Etymology

dermatologinen +‎ -sti

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdermɑtoˌloɡisestiˣ/, [ˈde̞rmɑ̝t̪o̞ˌlo̞ɡiˌs̠e̞s̠ti(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -esti
* Syllabification: der‧ma‧to‧lo‧gi‧ses‧ti

### Adverb

dermatologisesti
* dermatologically

### Further reading

* “dermatologisesti”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
# biosimilar
## English
### Etymology

From bio- +‎ similar.

### Noun

biosimilar (plural biosimilars)
* (medicine) A variant of a biopharmaceutical that is marketed following the expiry of the original patent.
    Hypernyms: similar; generic
    Coordinate term: bio-original

#### Related terms

* biosimilarity

#### Translations
## Spanish
### Noun

biosimilar m (plural biosimilares)
* biosimilar
# njóta sín
## Icelandic
### Verb

njóta sín
* to use one's abilities to the full, to come into one's own
    Hann nýtur sín virkilega í þessu starfi.He really comes into his own at this job.
# Oratore
## Italian
### Etymology

From oratore (“speaker, orator”), an occupational surname for an orator.

### Proper noun

Oratore m or f by sense
* a surname originating as an occupation

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2024
# derby dog
## English
### Noun

derby dog (plural derby dogs)
* A stray dog that runs onto a racecourse.

#### References

* John Camden Hotten (1873) The Slang Dictionary
# Barch
## English
### Etymology

* As a north/Low German surname, from the Low German form of Berg (“hill, mountain”), compare Barg.
* As an Hungarian surname, from the personal name Barcs.
* As a German surname, Americanized from Bartsch, or the related Czech Barč.

### Proper noun

Barch (plural Barches)
* A surname.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Barch is the 33856th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 672 individuals. Barch is most common among White (95.24%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Barch”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 1, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 99.

### Anagrams

* brach
# bringing oneself away
## English
### Verb

bringing oneself away
* present participle and gerund of bring oneself away
# beats to the punch
## English
### Verb

beats to the punch
* third-person singular simple present indicative of beat to the punch
# buď
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbuc]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uc

### Etymology 1

The conjunction comes from the imperative buď, which formed from budu (“I will be”), from Proto-Slavic *bǫdǫ (“I will become, I will be”), which was a future tense of *byti (“to be”).

#### Conjunction

buď
* either

##### Usage notes

* Used in the pair buď-nebo ("either-or").
* Never used in questions, for example:
    Pojedu buď vlakem nebo autobusem. ― I'll go either by train or by bus.
    Pojedu vlakem nebo autobusem. ― I'll go by train or by bus.
    Pojedou vlakem nebo autobusem? ― Will they go by train or by bus?

#### Verb

buď
* second-person singular imperative of být

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

buď
* second-person singular imperative of budit

### References

* ↑ Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “buď(to)”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 103
* ↑ Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “budu”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 103

### Further reading

* “buď”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “buď”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “buď”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [buc]

### Etymology 1

The conjunction developed from the imperative form buď, from the earlier *budi, inherited from Proto-Slavic *bǫdi (“be!”), which was the imperative form of *bǫdǫ (the future form of *byti (“to be”)), ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be, to grow”).

#### Conjunction

buď
* Introduces the first of two (or occasionally more or all) options or possibilities, the second (or last) of which is introduced by alebo (“or”) or buď as well: either
** 1900, Jozef Gregor Tajovský, Do konca :Buď už bol okolo sena, alebo zvyšné kosy skúmal.He was either already around the hay, or was examining the remaining scythes.

#### Verb

buď
* second-person singular imperative of byť

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

buď
* second-person singular imperative of budiť

### References

* ↑ Králik, Ľubor (2016) “buď”, in Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny [Concise Etymological Dictionary of Slovak] (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV, →ISBN, page 87
* ↑ Králik, Ľubor (2016) “budem”, in Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny [Concise Etymological Dictionary of Slovak] (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV, →ISBN, page 87

### Further reading

* “buď”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# carbaryl
## English
### Noun

carbaryl (plural carbaryls)
* (organic chemistry) A white crystalline solid of the carbamate family, a cholinesterase inhibitor used chiefly as an insecticide.
** 1983, D. E. Kaukeinen, Vertebrate Pest Control and Management Materials, page 102:Ecoparasite control, with appropriate concentrations of carbaryl, malathion, or pyrethrin dusts, is permissible if the agent is applied externally to both test and control animals not less than seven days prior to the start of the test.
# orðinn
## Icelandic
### Participle

orðinn
* past participle of verða: become
    Pabbi minn er orðinn gamall maður.My dad has become an old man.
    Klukkan er orðin átta.The clock turned eight o'clock.

#### Derived terms

* vera orðinn rekald
* orðinn hlutur
* nú orðið

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wurdanaz (“become”), past participle of *werþaną (“to become, happen”).

### Participle

orðinn
* past participle of verða

#### Descendants

In most descendants, v- was restored by analogy with other forms of the verb.
* Icelandic: orðinn
* Faroese: vorðin
* Norwegian Nynorsk: voren
* Swedish: vorden
# ráfa
## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrauːva]
* Rhymes: -auːva

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse ráfa, from Proto-Germanic *wabōną, *wabjaną (“to wander, sway”), from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to move to and from, wander”).

#### Verb

ráfa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative ráfaði, supine ráfað)
* (intransitive) to wander, to ramble, to roam
    Synonyms: eigra, rangla, reika, flakka, sveima, vafra

##### Derived terms

* ráf (“wandering”)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ráfa f (genitive singular ráfu, nominative plural ráfur)
* wimp, wuss
    Synonyms: rola, aumingi, gauð

##### Declension
### References

* ↑ Walter W[illiam] Skeat (1910) “WAVER”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, new (4th) revised and enlarged edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: At the Clarendon Press, published 1963, →OCLC.