# 塌

| 塌 | U+584C, &#22604; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-584C |
| ← 塋 [U+584B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 塍 → [U+584D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

塌 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土日尸一 (GASM), four-corner 4612$_7$, composition ⿰土𦐇)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 235, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5322
* Dae Jaweon: page 472, character 31
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 471, character 13
* Unihan data for U+584C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 傝 | *tʰoːms, *tʰaːb |
| 搨 | *tʰoːb, *taːb |
| 蹹 | *doːb |
| 榻 | *tʰaːb |
| 遢 | *tʰaːb |
| 鰨 | *tʰaːb |
| 毾 | *tʰaːb |
| 塌 | *tʰaːb |
| 溻 | *tʰaːb |
| 蹋 | *daːb |
| 躢 | *daːb |
| 闒 | *daːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːb) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 𦐇

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tā (ta$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄚ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ta$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taap$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thap / lap
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tab$^8$ / tab$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$thaq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tā
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ta
*** Wade–Giles: tʻa$^1$
*** Yale: tā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ta
*** Palladius: та (ta)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰä⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ta$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ta
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰa²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taap$^3$
*** Yale: taap
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taap$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tab$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːp̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thap / lap
*** Tâi-lô: thap / lap
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tab, lab
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰap̚³²/, /lap̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰap̚⁵/, /lap̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰap̚³²/, /lap̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰap̚³²/, /lap̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰap̚³²/, /lap̚³²/
* thap - literary (“to fill up, to stack, to lose money”);
* lap - vernacular (“to become sunken”).
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːb/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 塌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12247 |
| Phonetic component | 蹋 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 榻 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰaːb/ |

### Definitions

塌
* to collapse; to fall down; to cave in
* to sink; to droop
* to calm down; to settle down
* (dialectal) to slump; to sink (of morale, etc.)
* (Hokkien) to fill up; to fill in; to stuff (a gap, blank, vacancy, etc.)
* (Hokkien) to stack or press close together crisscrossed
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to lose money
* (Hokkien) to become sunken; to hollow; to form a depression

#### Synonyms

* (to collapse):
* 倒冧 (dou$^2$ lam$^3$) (Cantonese)
* 倒塌 (dǎotā)
* 傾覆／倾覆 (qīngfù)
* 凹陷 (āoxiàn)
* 坍塌 (tāntā)
* 垮 (kuǎ)
* 垮臺／垮台 (kuǎtái) (figurative)
* 塌方 (tāfāng)
* 塌臺／塌台 (tātái) (figurative)
* 塌落 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 塌頭／塌头 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 崩坍 (bēngtān)
* 崩塌 (bēngtā)
* 崩敗／崩败 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 崩潰／崩溃 (bēngkuì)
* 崩裂 (bēngliè)
* 崩陷 (Hokkien, literary)
* 瓦解 (wǎjiě)
* 窞肚 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 解體／解体 (jiětǐ)
* 陷落 (xiànluò)
* (to droop):
* 下垂 (xiàchuí)
* 嘟嚕／嘟噜 (dūlu)
* 拖 (tuō)
* 耷拉 (dāla) (colloquial)

### Compounds

* 一塌糊塗／一塌糊涂
* 作塌
* 倒塌 (dǎotā)
* 光塌塌
* 剌剌塌塌
* 吹起捏塌
* 囤塌
* 坍塌 (tāntā)
* 塌中
* 塌伏
* 塌嘴
* 塌實／塌实 (tāshi)
* 塌心
* 塌拉骨
* 塌方 (tāfāng)
* 塌架
* 塌然
* 塌秧兒／塌秧儿
* 塌空 (thap-khang) (Min Nan)
* 塌臺／塌台 (tātái)
* 塌趿
* 塌車／塌车
* 塌陷 (tāxiàn)
* 塌颯／塌飒
* 塌鼻
* 塌鼻子 (tābízi)
* 天塌地陷
* 天崩地塌
* 天摧地塌 (tiāncuīdìtā)
* 崩塌 (bēngtā)
* 扁塌臉／扁塌脸
* 拽塌
* 死心塌地 (sǐxīntādì)
* 疲塌
* 衰塌
* 軟嘴塌舌／软嘴塌舌
* 鼻塌嘴歪

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): とう (tō)

## Korean
### Hanja

塌 • (tap) (hangeul 탑, revised tap, McCune–Reischauer t'ap)
* grind
* collapse; break
* drop; hang down
* first ploughing of the rice field

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 塌

## Vietnamese
### Han character

塌: Hán Nôm readings: tháp, thớp, thóp, thấp, thạp, thọp, thợp
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.