# 判

| 判 | U+5224, &#21028; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5224 |
| ← 刣 [U+5223] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 別 → [U+5225] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 判 |
| Simplified | 判 |
| Japanese | 判 |
| Korean | 判 |

### Han character

判 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 火手中弓 (FQLN), four-corner 9250$_0$, composition ⿰半刂)

#### Derived characters

* 𱜩, 𬇯, 𫆠, 𨧘, 鵥

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 138, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1923
* Dae Jaweon: page 311, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 331, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5224

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 半 | *paːns |
| 絆 | *paːns |
| 靽 | *paːns |
| 姅 | *paːns, *pʰaːns |
| 拌 | *pʰaːn, *baːnʔ |
| 拚 | *pʰaːn, *brons, *pʰaːn, *puns |
| 坢 | *pʰaːnʔ |
| 判 | *pʰaːns |
| 泮 | *pʰaːns |
| 頖 | *pʰaːns |
| 胖 | *pʰaːns |
| 冸 | *pʰaːns |
| 牉 | *pʰaːns |
| 柈 | *baːn |
| 伴 | *baːnʔ, *baːns |
| 叛 | *baːns |
| 畔 | *baːns |
| 袢 | *ban |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːns) : phonetic 半 (OC *paːns, “half (cow)”) + semantic 刂 (“knife”) – to cut fine distinctions 刀 (to judge, to discriminate). Phonetic (半) is also a cow cut in half, hence it adds part of the meaning.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): pàn (pan$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄆㄢˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pan$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pun$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): pon$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): pon$^3$ / pong$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phan
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pan$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): pan$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): pu̿ing
* Eastern Min (BUC): puáng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phoàn / phàn / phòaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): puang$^3$ / puêng$^3$ / puan$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$phoe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ponn$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pàn
*** Wade–Giles: pʻan$^4$
*** Yale: pàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pann
*** Palladius: пань (panʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰän⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: pan$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pan
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰan²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pun$^3$
*** Yale: pun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pun$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuːn³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: pon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰᵘɔn³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: pon$^3$ / pong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɵn²¹³/, /pʰɔŋ²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phan
*** Hakka Romanization System: pan
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: pan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰæ̃⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pu̿ing
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuiŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: puáng
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuɑŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phoàn
*** Tâi-lô: phuàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoaxn
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pʰuan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰuan²¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phàn
*** Tâi-lô: phàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phaxn
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰan²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰan¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phòaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: phuànn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phvoax
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pʰuã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰuã¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /pʰuã²¹/
* phoàn/phàn - literary;
* phòaⁿ - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit判 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pʰan⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /pʰan⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /pʰan⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /pʰã²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /pʰã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /pʰan³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /pʰã⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /pʰã²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /pʰan¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /pʰɛ̃n¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /pʰan²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /pʰan³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /pʰan¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /pʰan²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /pʰã̠²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /pʰaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /pʰʊ̃⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /pʰæ̃⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /pʰɑŋ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /pʰæ̃⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /pʰø³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /pʰø⁵¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /pʰuõ⁴⁴⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /pʰø⁴²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /pʰo³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /pʰuːə⁴²/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pʰõ⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /pʰɔn⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /pʰɵn²¹³/ /pʰɔŋ²¹³/ ～官 |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pʰan⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /pʰɑn⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pʰun³³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /pʰun³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /pʰun³³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pʰan²¹/ /pʰuã²¹/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /pʰuɑŋ²¹²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /puiŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /pʰuaŋ²¹³/ /pʰuã²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /fuaŋ³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: phanH
Rime :
| Character | 判 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 普半切 |
| Baxter | phanH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰuɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰʷɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰuɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰwan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰuɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰuɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pʰuɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pun$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰˤan-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 判 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | pàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ phan$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰˁan-s/ |
| English | divide |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 判 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 250 |
| Phonetic component | 半 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 判 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰaːns/ |

### Definitions

判
* to differentiate; to discriminate
* to judge
* to sentence
* obvious

### Compounds

* 價值判斷／价值判断 (jiàzhí pànduàn)
* 入關談判／入关谈判
* 公判 (gōngpàn)
* 分首判袂
* 判事 (pànshì)
* 判例 (pànlì)
* 判刑 (pànxíng)
* 判別／判别 (pànbié)
* 判司
* 判如天壤
* 判定 (pàndìng)
* 判官 (pànguān)
* 判官筆／判官笔
* 判官頭／判官头
* 判押
* 判教
* 判斛
* 判斷／判断 (pànduàn)
* 判斷力／判断力 (pànduànlì)
* 判斷句／判断句
* 判斷能力／判断能力
* 判斷詞／判断词 (pànduàncí)
* 判明 (pànmíng)
* 判書／判书
* 判正
* 判死
* 判決／判决 (pànjué)
* 判決書／判决书 (pànjuéshū)
* 判決離婚／判决离婚
* 判渙／判涣
* 判然不合
* 判罪 (pànzuì)
* 判若兩人／判若两人 (pànruòliǎngrén)
* 判若天淵／判若天渊
* 判若雲泥／判若云泥
* 判若鴻溝／判若鸿沟
* 判處／判处 (pànchǔ)
* 判衙
* 判詞／判词 (pàncí)
* 判語／判语
* 判讀／判读 (pàndú)
* 判酩酊
* 剖判
* 和平談判／和平谈判 (hépíng tánpàn)
* 國際裁判／国际裁判
* 堂判
* 天壤之判
* 宣判 (xuānpàn)
* 審判／审判 (shěnpàn)
* 審判官／审判官
* 審判長／审判长 (shěnpànzhǎng)
* 州判
* 批判 (pīpàn)
* 批判哲學／批判哲学
* 批紅判白／批红判白
* 改判 (gǎipàn)
* 既判力
* 混合裁判
* 火判
* 研判 (yánpàn)
* 確定判決／确定判决
* 終局裁判／终局裁判
* 舞判
* 花判
* 裁判 (cáipàn)
* 裁判員／裁判员 (cáipànyuán)
* 裁判書／裁判书
* 評判／评判 (píngpàn)
* 評判人／评判人
* 評判員／评判员
* 誤判／误判 (wùpàn)
* 談判／谈判 (tánpàn)
* 談判代表／谈判代表
* 跳判官
* 軍事審判／军事审判
* 軍法審判／军法审判
* 輕判／轻判 (qīngpàn)
* 巡迴審判／巡回审判
* 通判
* 邊界談判／边界谈判
* 鐵面判官／铁面判官
* 限武談判／限武谈判
* 除權判決／除权判决
* 電子裁判／电子裁判
* 非常審判／非常审判

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 判 |
| Kyūjitai | 判󠄁 判+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 判󠄄 判+&#xE0104; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* judgement
* seal, stamp

#### Readings

* Go-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: ばん (ban, Jōyō)
* Kun: わかる (wakaru, 判る)、わかれる (wakareru)、わかつ (wakatsu)

#### Compounds

* 判(はん)然(ぜん) (hanzen): clearness

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 判
* はん Grade: 5
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 判 (phan$^H$).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はん [háꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [hã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

判(はん) • (han)
* stamp, seal
* judgement

#### Suffix

判(はん) • (-han)
* size of paper or books

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 判
* ばん Grade: 5
* kan'yōon

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ばん [báꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [bã̠ɴ]

#### Suffix

判(ばん) • (-ban)
* size of paper or books

### References

* ↑ “判”, in 漢字ぺディア‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

判 (eum 판 (pan))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

判: Hán Nôm readings: phán
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.