# 女史
## Chinese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nǚshǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄩˇ ㄕˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nǚshǐ [Phonetic: nǘshǐ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄩˇ ㄕˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nyǔshǐh
*** Wade–Giles: nü$^3$-shih$^3$
*** Yale: nyǔ-shř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neushyy
*** Palladius: нюйши (njujši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Middle Chinese: nrjoX sriX
Rime :
| Character | 女 | 史 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 尼吕切 | 踈士切 |
| Baxter | nrjoX | sriX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳɨʌ$^X$/ | /ʃɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳiɔ$^X$/ | /ʃɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /niɔ$^X$/ | /ʃie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳɨə̆$^X$/ | /ʂɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /niɔ$^X$/ | /ʃiə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /nĭo$^X$/ | /ʃĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ni̯wo$^X$/ | /ʂi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nǚ | shǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | neoi$^5$ | si$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*nraʔ s-rəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*naʔ srɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 女 | 史 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | nǚ | shǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nrjo$^X$ › | ‹ sri$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*nraʔ/ | /*s-rəʔ/ |
| English | female | scribe |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 女 | 史 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9616 | 11487 |
| Phonetic component | 女 | 史 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 史 |
| Old Chinese | /*naʔ/ | /*srɯʔ/ |

### Noun

女史
* (historical) a female secretary or attendant of the imperial household (woman in charge of the protocols, literacy, record-keeping, or scribal work, etc.)
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Chén “Nǚtú” yǐ jìngjiàn xī, gù nǚshǐ ér wèn “Shī”. [Pinyin]
    Reflecting upon myself before the Portraits of Exemplar Women, I call upon the court lady to instruct me with the Book of Poetry.
    From: Du You, Tongdian, 766 – 801 CE
    Hànwǔdì yǒu jìnzhōng qǐjūzhù, Hòuhàn Mǎ Huánghòu zhuàn Míngdì qǐjūzhù, zé Hàn qǐjūzhù sì zài gōngzhōng, wéi nǚshǐ zhī rèn. [Pinyin]
    (For) Emperor Wu of Han there were the Palace Records; Empress Ma of the Latter Han wrote the Records of Emperor Ming. Thus it appears that the imperial Records were under the jurisdiction of the (private) palace and charged to the female secretaries in the era of Han.
* (literary) an educated woman; a female scholar
* (literary, uncommon) title for woman; Ms.
    Synonym: 女士 (nǚshì)
* (historiography, feminism) feminist history; herstory

### Proper noun

女史
* (Chinese astronomy) 31 Draconis (traditional Chinese name for the star system)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 女 | 史 |
| じょ Grade: 1 | し Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

女(じょ)史(し) • (joshi)
* (ancient China) The title of one type of lady-in-waiting. During the Zhou Dynasty, this position was thought to be responsible for protocol and etiquette, changing during the Han Dynasty to handle the records of the inner palace.
* (ancient Japan) The title of one type of lady-in-waiting under the Ritsuryō system.
* Generic honorific suffix for women: Ms. / Miss / Mrs.

### See also

* Zhou Dynasty on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Han Dynasty on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Ritsuryō on Wikipedia.Wikipedia