# पिञ्जर
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* পিঞ্জৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬧᬶᬜ᭄ᬚᬭ (Balinese script)
* পিঞ্জর (Bengali script)
* 𑰢𑰰𑰗𑰿𑰕𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀧𑀺𑀜𑁆𑀚𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* ပိဉ္ဇရ (Burmese script)
* પિઞ્જર (Gujarati script)
* ਪਿਞ੍ਜਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌪𑌿𑌞𑍍𑌜𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦥꦶꦚ꧀ꦗꦫ (Javanese script)
* 𑂣𑂱𑂖𑂹𑂔𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಪಿಞ್ಜರ (Kannada script)
* បិញ្ជរ (Khmer script)
* ປິຎ຺ຊຣ (Lao script)
* പിഞ്ജര (Malayalam script)
* ᢒᡳᠨᡳᠶᡯᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘢𑘱𑘗𑘿𑘕𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᢒᠢᡛᠽᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧂𑧒𑦷𑧠𑦵𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐥𑐶𑐘𑑂𑐖𑐬 (Newa script)
* ପିଞ୍ଜର (Odia script)
* ꢦꢶꢛ꣄ꢙꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆥𑆴𑆚𑇀𑆘𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖢𑖰𑖗𑖿𑖕𑖨 (Siddham script)
* පිඤ‍්ජර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩰𑩑𑩥 𑪙𑩣𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚞𑚮𑚓𑚶𑚑𑚤 (Takri script)
* பிஞ்ஜர (Tamil script)
* పిఞ్జర (Telugu script)
* ปิญฺชร (Thai script)
* པི་ཉྫ་ར (Tibetan script)
* 𑒣𑒱𑒘𑓂𑒖𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨞𑨁𑨓𑩇𑨥𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /piɲ.d͡ʑɐ.ɾɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈpiɲ.d͡ʑɐ.ɾɐ/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pingalás ~ pinȷ́arás (“tawny, reddish”), from Proto-Indo-European *peyǵ- ~ *pi-n-ǵ-, a variant of *peyḱ- (“to mark, paint; spot, color”), whence Latin pingō (“to decorate; to paint”). Compare also the dialectal variant पिङ्गल (piṅgalá), as well as Hurrian 𒉿𒅔𒅗𒊏𒀭𒉡 (pi-in-ka-ra-an-nu /⁠pinkara-nnu⁠/), an ancient borrowing from Mitanni Indo-Aryan.
The attestation of this word appears relatively late, i.e., in the Mahabharata, but the word itself existed in Vedic Sanskrit as evidenced by the attestation of the term शष्पिञ्जर (śaṣpíñjara, “yellow like young grass”) in Vedic.

#### Alternative forms

* पिङ्गल (piṅgala)

#### Adjective

पिञ्जर • (piñjara) stem
* reddish-yellow, tawny; yellow, gold-colored
** c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

##### Declension
#### Noun

पिञ्जर • (piñjara) stem, m
* a tawny-brown color
* a horse (probably bay or chestnut)
* name of a mountain

##### Declension
#### Noun

पिञ्जर • (piñjara) stem, n
* (lexicographers only) gold
* yellow orpiment

##### Declension
#### Descendants

* → Assamese: পিঁজৰা (pĩzora)
* → Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀺𑀁𑀚𑀭 (piṃjara)
* → Pali: piñjara
* → Bengali: পিঞ্জর (pinjor)
* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: पिंजरा (piñjrā), पिंजड़ा (piñjṛā)
** Urdu: پنجرہ (piñjarah)
* → Persian: پنجره (panjere)
** → Azerbaijani: pəncərə
** → Gagauz: pencerä
** → Georgian: ფანჯარა (panǯara)
** → Khalaj: pəncərə
** → Middle Armenian: փանջարայ (pʻanǰaray), փանճարայ (pʻančaray)
*** Armenian: փանջարա (pʻanǰara)
** → Ottoman Turkish: پنجره (pencere)
*** Turkish: pencere
*** → Abkhaz: аԥенџьыр (apendžər)
*** → Albanian: penxhere
*** → Crimean Tatar: pencere
*** → Macedonian: пенџер (pendžer), пенџере (pendžere)
*** → Serbo-Croatian: пенџер, pendžer
** → Turkmen: penjire

#### See also

Colors in Sanskrit · रङ्ग (raṅga) (layout · text) :
| श्वेत (śveta), शुक्ल (śukla), शुभ्र (śubhra), धवल (dhavala) | धूमल (dhūmala), धूसर (dhūsara) | कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa), काल (kāla), श्याम (śyāma), श्याव (śyāva) |
| रक्त (rakta), रुधिर (rudhira), रोहित (rohita), लोहित (lohita) | नारङ्ग (nāraṅga); कद्रु (kadru), बभ्रु (babhru) | पीत (pīta); पाण्डु (pāṇḍu) |
| | हरित (harita), पलाश (palāśa) | |
| | | नील (nīla) |
| | शोण (śoṇa), नीललोहित (nīlalohita) | पाटल (pāṭala) |

### Etymology 2

Misreading of पञ्जर (pañjara, “skeleton; cage”).

#### Noun

पिञ्जर • (piñjara) stem, n
* a cage

##### Declension
### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “पिञ्जर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 625/1.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 321
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 126-7