# 淪落
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lúnluò
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄌㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): leon$^4$ lok$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lùn-lo̍k
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lûn-lo̍k / lûn-lo̍h
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lung$^5$ loh$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lúnluò
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄌㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lúnluò
*** Wade–Giles: lun$^2$-lo$^4$
*** Yale: lwún-lwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luenluoh
*** Palladius: луньло (lunʹlo)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯ən³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: leon$^4$ lok$^6$
*** Yale: lèuhn lohk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loen$^4$ lok$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lên$^4$ log$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɵn²¹ lɔːk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lùn-lo̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: lun$^ˇ$ log
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lun$^2$ log$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /lun¹¹ lok̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lûn-lo̍k
*** Tâi-lô: lûn-lo̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lunlok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lun²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lun²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lun¹³⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lun²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lun²³⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lûn-lo̍h
*** Tâi-lô: lûn-lo̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lunloih
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lun²⁴⁻²² loʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lun²⁴⁻²² loʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lun¹³⁻²² loʔ¹²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lung$^5$ loh$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lûng lo̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /luŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ loʔ⁴/
* Middle Chinese: lwin lak
Rime :
| Character | 淪 | 落 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) | 鐸 (103) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 力迍切 | 盧各切 |
| Baxter | lwin | lak |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liuɪn/ | /lɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lʷin/ | /lɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljuen/ | /lɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lwin/ | /lak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /liuĕn/ | /lɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭuĕn/ | /lɑk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯uĕn/ | /lɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lún | luò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | leon$^4$ | lok$^6$ |

### Verb

淪落
* to wander about destitute; to be stranded
* to languish; to decay; to decline; to wane; to be at a low ebb
* to sink into; to fall into; to land oneself in; to get bogged down in

#### Synonyms

* (to wander about destitute):
* 沒落／没落 (mòluò) (literary)
* 流浪 (liúlàng)
* 流落 (liúluò)
* 流蕩／流荡 (liúdàng)
* 流離／流离 (liúlí)
* 漂泊 (piāobó)
* 飄蕩／飘荡 (piāodàng)
* (to languish):
* 式微 (shìwēi) (literary)
* 敗落／败落 (bàiluò)
* 替 (tì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 沒落／没落 (mòluò)
* 漉柵／漉栅 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 破落 (pòluò) (in wealth and position)
* 衰微 (shuāiwēi) (literary)
* 衰敗／衰败 (shuāibài)
* 衰落 (shuāiluò)
* 陵替 (língtì) (literary)
* 零落 (língluò)
* (to sink into):
* 落入 (luòrù)
* 陷入 (xiànrù)
* 陷落 (xiànluò)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 淪 | 落 |
| りん Hyōgai | らく Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) りんらく [rìńrákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɾʲĩn̺ɾa̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

淪(りん)落(らく) • (rinraku)
* (rare, literary) ruin, depravity, corruption
** 1993, Ys IV: The Dawn of Ys, Hudson Soft (licensed by Nihon Falcom), PC Engine:淪落の地Land of Dissolution

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN