# Leiden
## English
### Alternative forms

* Leyden (archaic)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch Leiden (see there). Leiden has historically been associated with the Roman outpost Lugdūnum Batāvōrum and so it was thought the name Leiden had to be derived from this Latin name. This particular castellum was however closer to the town of Katwijk, whereas the Roman settlement near modern-day Leiden was called Matilo.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈlaɪdən/
* (US) IPA: /ˈleɪdən/
* Rhymes: -aɪdən, -eɪdən

### Proper noun

Leiden
* A city in South Holland, Netherlands, on the Old Rhine, seat of a famous Dutch university.

#### Derived terms

* Leyden jar

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Jona Lendering (2010 June 11 (last accessed)) “Towns in Germania Inferior: Lugdunum (Brittenburg)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, Livius.org, archived from the original on 15 February 2014

### Anagrams

* Deline, deline, liened, neleid

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch Leiden, older Leithen, originally the name of the village now called Leiderdorp, then transferred to the younger nearby settlement. Formerly hypothesized to be from Middle Dutch lēde (“dyke, drainage channel”), but this is derived from the past stem *lid- of Proto-Germanic *līþaną (“to pass through”), thus requiring an original -d-, not -þ- (see Grammatischer Wechsel). The early ei-spelling also speaks against this derivation. Instead probably from a Frankish *Lagiþon, from Proto-Germanic *laguz (“water”) + the placename suffix *-iþi.
The usual latinisation Lugdunum was taken from the name of a defunct historical settlement north of Katwijk, which was erroneously identified with Leiden. There is in all likelihood no relation between the two names.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɛi̯.də(n)/
* IPA: /ˈlɛi̯.ə/ (locally; traditional, now sometimes affected)
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Lei‧den
* Rhymes: -ɛi̯dən
* Homophones: leiden, lijden

### Proper noun

Leiden n
* Leiden (a city and municipality of South Holland, Netherlands)
    Synonym: Sleutelstad (nickname)

#### Derived terms

* Leidenaar
* Leids
* Leidse
* Leiderdorp
* Leidschendam
* Leidsche Rijn
* Leidsebuurt

### References

van Berkel, Gerard, Samplonius, Kees (2018) “leiden”, in Nederlandse plaatsnamen verklaard‎ (in Dutch), Mijnbestseller.nl, →ISBN
* ↑ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “leiden2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlaɪ̯dən/, [ˈlaɪ̯dn̩]
* Audio (Austria):(file)

### Etymology 1

Gerund of leiden (“to bear, to endure, to suffer”), a cognate of English lithe.

#### Noun

Leiden n (strong, genitive Leidens, plural Leiden)
* suffering, pain, grief
* disease

##### Derived terms

* Leidenschaft

#### See also

* Kummer m
* Kümmernis f
* Sorge f
* Trauer f
* Traurigkeit f

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Dutch Leiden.

#### Proper noun

Leiden n (proper noun, genitive Leidens or (optionally with an article) Leiden)
* Leiden (a city in South Holland, Netherlands)

##### Derived terms

* Leidener

### Further reading

* “Leiden” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* Leida

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch Leiden.

### Proper noun

Leiden
* Leiden (a city in South Holland, Netherlands)

#### Derived terms

* garrafa de Leyden