# 新加坡
## Chinese

* 新加坡 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 新加坡 (Classical)
* 新加坡 (Gan)
* Sîn-kâ-pô (Hakka)
* Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤ (Eastern Min)
* Sin-ka-pho (Southern Min)
* 新加坡 (Wu)

### Etymology

Borrowed from English Singapore, from Malay Singapura, from Sanskrit सिंहपुर (siṃhá-pura), from सिंह (siṃha, “lion”) +‎ पुर (pura, “city”).
Shanghainese sense from 莘嘉浦 via phono-semantic matching.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Xīnjiāpō
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄆㄛ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): san$^1$ gaa$^3$ bo$^1$ / san$^1$ gaa$^3$ po$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Sîn-kâ-phô / Sîn-kâ-po
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xin$^1$ ga$^1$ po$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Sin-ka-pho / Sin-kee-pho / Sin-ka-po
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sing$^1$ gia$^1$ bo$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shin-ka-phu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Xīnjiāpō
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄆㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Sinjiapo
*** Wade–Giles: Hsin$^1$-chia$^1$-pʻo$^1$
*** Yale: Syīn-jyā-pwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shinjiapo
*** Palladius: Синьцзяпо (Sinʹczjapo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$新加坡 新嘉坡
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^1$ gaa$^3$ bo$^1$ / san$^1$ gaa$^3$ po$^1$
*** Yale: sān ga bō / sān ga pō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^1$ gaa$^3$ bo$^1$ / san$^1$ gaa$^3$ po$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^1$ ga$^3$ bo$^1$ / sen$^1$ ga$^3$ po$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn⁵⁵ kaː³³ pɔː⁵⁵/, /sɐn⁵⁵ kaː³³ pʰɔː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sîn-kâ-phô / Sîn-kâ-po
*** Hakka Romanization System: xin$^ˊ$ ga$^ˊ$ po$^ˊ$ / xin$^ˊ$ ga$^ˊ$ bo
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xin$^1$ ga$^1$ po$^1$ / xin$^1$ ga$^1$ bo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sin²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰo²⁴/, /sin²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ po⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xin$^1$ ga$^1$ po$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sin⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴ pʰo⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-ka-pho
*** Tâi-lô: Sin-ka-pho
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sinkaphoy
*** IPA (Taipei): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰo⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /sin³³ ka³³ pʰo³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-kee-pho
*** Tâi-lô: Sin-kee-pho
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Penang, Singapore, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-ka-po
*** Tâi-lô: Sin-ka-po
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sinka'poy
*** IPA (Philippines): /sin³³ ka³³ po³³/
*** IPA (Singapore): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² po⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Penang): /sin³³⁻²¹ ka³³⁻²¹ po³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sing$^1$ gia$^1$ bo$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sing kia po
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ³³⁻²³ kia³³⁻²³ po³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$shin-ka-phu
*** MiniDict: shin$^平$ ka phu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$xin-ka-phu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin⁵⁵ ka³³ pʰu²¹/

### Proper noun

新加坡
* Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony; official name: 新加坡共和國／新加坡共和国)
       Xīnjiāpō zài 1969 nián fèichú le péishěntuán zhìdù, yīncǐ suǒyǒu xíngshì ànjiàn de bèigàorén jūn yóu fǎguān shěnpàn. [Pinyin]
       Singapore abolished its jury system in 1969, so all criminal defendants are tried before judges.
** 1878, 李圭, 環遊地球新錄, volume 4, page 40:
       Chén chū sān kè dǐ Xīgòng, yóu Xīnjiāpō zhì cǐ èr qiān sì bǎi èrshíyī lǐ. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (Shanghainese, slang) Xinzhuang, Jiading and Pudong collectively; three areas in Shanghai surrounding Puxi

#### Synonyms

* 新國／新国 (Xīnguó), 坡國／坡国 (Pōguó)
* (dated) 新嘉坡 (Xīnjiāpō), 新嘉波 (Xīnjiābō), 星架坡 (Xīngjiàpō), 星架波 (Xīngjiàbō)
* (regional, dated) 實叻／实叻, 實叻坡／实叻坡, 石叻 (Shílè), 息力, 石叻埠, 實叻埠／实叻埠, 叻埠 (Lèfù)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 新加坡 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 新加坡 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 新加坡, 新國 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 新加坡, 星洲 nickname, 獅城 nickname, 小紅點 nickname, 石叻 dated, 石叻埠 dated, 叻埠 dated |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 星加坡, 叻埠 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 新加坡, 星加坡, 星國, 星洲 nickname, 叻埠 dated |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 星加坡 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 星加坡 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 星加坡 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 新加坡, 石叻 dated |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 新加坡 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 新加坡 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 新加坡, 實叻坡 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 新加坡, 獅城, 石叻 dated |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 新加坡 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 石叻 dated, 叻埠 dated |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 新加坡, 星洲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 新加坡 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 新加坡 |

#### Derived terms

* 新加坡元 (Xīnjiāpōyuán)
* 新加坡共和國／新加坡共和国 (Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó)

### References

* Duffus, William (1883) “Singapore”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 245

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 新 | 加 | 坡 |

### Proper noun

新加坡
* chữ Hán form of Tân Gia Ba (“(dated or historical) Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)”).

### Adjective

新加坡
* chữ Hán form of Tân Gia Ba (“(dated) Singaporean”).