# 杯水車薪
## Chinese

| | | drinkware; cup; glass | water; river | vehicle on land; car; machinevehicle on land; car; machine; to shape with a lathe | fuel; salary |
| trad. (杯水車薪) | trad. (杯水車薪) | 杯 | 水 | 車 | 薪 |
| simp. (杯水车薪) | simp. (杯水车薪) | 杯 | 水 | 车 | 薪 |
| Literally: “to use a cup of water to put out a burning cart full of firewood”. ||||||

### Etymology

From Mencius (《孟子·告子上》):
    孟子曰：「仁之勝不仁也，猶水勝火。今之為仁者，猶以一杯水，救一車薪之火也；不熄，則謂之水不勝火，此又與於不仁之甚者也。亦終必亡而已矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]孟子曰：「仁之胜不仁也，犹水胜火。今之为仁者，犹以一杯水，救一车薪之火也；不熄，则谓之水不胜火，此又与于不仁之甚者也。亦终必亡而已矣。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's versionMèngzǐ yuē: “Rén zhī shèng bùrén yě, yóu shuǐ shèng huǒ. Jīn zhī wéi rén zhě, yóu yǐ yī bēi shuǐ, jiù yī chē xīn zhī huǒ yě; bù xī, zé wèi zhī shuǐ bù shèng huǒ, cǐ yòu yǔ yú bùrén zhī shèn zhě yě. Yì zhōng bì wáng éryǐ yǐ.” [Pinyin]Mencius said, "Benevolence subdues its opposite just as water subdues fire. Those, however, who now-a-days practice benevolence do it as if with one cup of water they could save a whole wagon-load of fuel which was on fire, and when the flames were not extinguished, were to say that water cannot subdue fire. This conduct, moreover, greatly encourages those who are not benevolent. The final issue will simply be this: the loss of that small amount of benevolence."

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bēishuǐchēxīn, bēishuǐjūxīn
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄔㄜ ㄒㄧㄣ, ㄅㄟ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄐㄩ ㄒㄧㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bui$^1$ seoi$^2$ geoi$^1$ san$^1$ / bui$^1$ seoi$^2$ ce$^1$ san$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pî-súi-chhâ-sîn
    (Hailu, HRS): bui$^ˋ$ shui$^ˊ$ cha$^ˋ$ sin$^ˋ$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): poe-súi-chhia-sin / poe-chúi-chhia-sin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bēishuǐchēxīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄟ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄔㄜ ㄒㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: beishuěichesin
*** Wade–Giles: pei$^1$-shui$^3$-chʻê$^1$-hsin$^1$
*** Yale: bēi-shwěi-chē-syīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beishoeicheshin
*** Palladius: бэйшуйчэсинь (bɛjšujčɛsinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /peɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bēishuǐjūxīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄟ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄐㄩ ㄒㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: beishuěijyusin
*** Wade–Giles: pei$^1$-shui$^3$-chü$^1$-hsin$^1$
*** Yale: bēi-shwěi-jyū-syīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beishoeijiushin
*** Palladius: бэйшуйцзюйсинь (bɛjšujczjujsinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /peɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bui$^1$ seoi$^2$ geoi$^1$ san$^1$ / bui$^1$ seoi$^2$ ce$^1$ san$^1$
*** Yale: būi séui gēui sān / būi séui chē sān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bui$^1$ soey$^2$ goey$^1$ san$^1$ / bui$^1$ soey$^2$ tse$^1$ san$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bui$^1$ sêu$^2$ gêu$^1$ sen$^1$ / bui$^1$ sêu$^2$ cé$^1$ sen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /puːi̯⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/, /puːi̯⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pî-súi-chhâ-sîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: bi$^ˊ$ sui$^ˋ$ ca$^ˊ$ xin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bi$^1$ sui$^3$ ca$^1$ xin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pi²⁴ su̯i³¹ t͡sʰa²⁴⁻¹¹ sin²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bui$^ˋ$ shui$^ˊ$ cha$^ˋ$ sin$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /pui⁵³ ʃui²⁴ t͡ʃʰa⁵³ sin⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poe-súi-chhia-sin
*** Tâi-lô: pue-suí-tshia-sin
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poesuychiasyn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pue⁴⁴⁻²² sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poe-chúi-chhia-sin
*** Tâi-lô: pue-tsuí-tshia-sin
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poezuychiasyn
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pue⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pue⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ sin⁴⁴/

### Idiom

杯水車薪
* too inadequate and useless; to no avail