# 柰

| 柰 | U+67F0, &#26608; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67F0 |
| ← 柯 [U+67EF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 柱 → [U+67F1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

柰 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木一一火 (DMMF) or 難木一一火 (XDMMF), four-corner 4090$_1$, composition ⿱木示)

#### Derived characters

* 㮏, 渿, 歀, 㲡, 隸, 𡞫, 𭡠, 𥈡, 𧛮, 𩈶, 𩹟, 𪑨, 𦤧, 𫩀, 𮨕, 𫎉, 𣛒, 𣜩, 𬄷, 𤸏, 𦳐, 𭔢

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 520, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14659
* Dae Jaweon: page 908, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1176, character 9
* Unihan data for U+67F0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 奈 | *naːls, *naːds |
| 柰 | *naːds |
| 渿 | *naːds |
| 捺 | *naːd |
木 (“tree”) + 示 – a kind of tree (Malus Prunifolia). The component 示 is a reference to a sacrifice, perhaps burning sacrifical timber or sacrifice the small apples produced by this kind of tree. Unrelated to 奈.

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### a kind of apple

    Attested somewhat late (e.g. in SWJZ & Shiming). 柰 (OC nâ(t)s) is possibly analogous to and related to Old Japanese nasi (whence Japanese 梨 (nashi, “pear”)) (Unger, 1983; Schuessler, 2007)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nài (nai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄞˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): noi$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): noi$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nai
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nai$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): nāi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): nai$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nài
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nài
*** Wade–Giles: nai$^4$
*** Yale: nài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nay
*** Palladius: най (naj)
*** Sinological IPA : /naɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: noi$^6$
*** Yale: noih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: noi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: noi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɔːi̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: noi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ⁿdᵘɔi³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nai
*** Hakka Romanization System: nai
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /nai̯⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: nai$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /nai²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nāi
*** Tâi-lô: nāi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nai
*** IPA (Xiamen): /nãi²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /nãi⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /nãi²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /nãi³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /nãi³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: nai$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: năi
*** Sinological IPA : /nai³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: najH
Rime :
| Character | 柰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (25) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 奴帶切 |
| Baxter | najH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nɑi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nɑi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɑi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /naj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /nɑi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /nɑi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /nɑi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | naai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*naːds/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 柰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9351 |
| Phonetic component | 奈 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 柰 |
| Old Chinese | /*naːds/ |

#### Definitions

柰
* a kind of apple similar to the crabapple (Malus asiatica)
* (obsolete) jasmine
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 柰苑

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 柰 – see 奈 (“how; why; to bear; to stand; to endure; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 奈).

### References

* “柰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “柰”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 162.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* To bear or endure.
* A crabapple tree.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): な (na)、だい (dai)
* Kun: いかん (ikan)、からなし (karanashi)

## Korean
### Hanja

柰 (eum 내 (nae))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

柰: Hán Nôm readings: nại
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation