# pugnar
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [puŋˈna]
* IPA: (Valencia) [puŋˈnaɾ]

### Verb

pugnar (first-person singular present pugno, first-person singular preterite pugní, past participle pugnat)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | pugnar | pugnar | pugnar | pugnar | pugnar |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | pugnant | pugnant | pugnant | pugnant | pugnant |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | pugnat | pugnat | pugnada | pugnada |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | pugnats | pugnats | pugnades | pugnades |
| person | person | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| person | person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| indicative | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| indicative | present | pugno | pugnes | pugna | pugnem | pugneu | pugnen |
| indicative | imperfect | pugnava | pugnaves | pugnava | pugnàvem | pugnàveu | pugnaven |
| indicative | future | pugnaré | pugnaràs | pugnarà | pugnarem | pugnareu | pugnaran |
| indicative | preterite | pugní | pugnares | pugnà | pugnàrem | pugnàreu | pugnaren |
| indicative | conditional | pugnaria | pugnaries | pugnaria | pugnaríem | pugnaríeu | pugnarien |
| subjunctive | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| subjunctive | present | pugni | pugnis | pugni | pugnem | pugneu | pugnin |
| subjunctive | imperfect | pugnés | pugnessis | pugnés | pugnéssim | pugnéssiu | pugnessin |
| imperative | | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès |
| imperative | affirmative | — | pugna | pugni | pugnem | pugneu | pugnin |
| imperative | negative (no) | — | no pugnis | no pugni | no pugnem | no pugneu | no pugnin |

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /pu.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ [pu.ɡiˈna(h)], /puɡˈna(ʁ)/ [puɡˈna(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /pu.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ [pu.ɡiˈna(h)], /puɡˈna(ʁ)/ [puɡˈna(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /pu.ɡiˈna(ɾ)/, /puɡˈna(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /pu.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ [pu.ɡiˈna(χ)], /puɡˈna(ʁ)/ [puɡˈna(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /puɡˈna(ɻ)/, /pu.ɡiˈna(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /puˈɡnaɾ/ [puˈɣnaɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /puˈɡnaɾ/ [puˈɣnaɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /puˈɡna.ɾi/ [puˈɣna.ɾi]
* Hyphenation: pug‧nar

### Verb

pugnar (first-person singular present pugno, first-person singular preterite pugnei, past participle pugnado)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin pugnāre. Doublet of puñar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /puɡˈnaɾ/ [puɣ̞ˈnaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: pug‧nar

### Verb

pugnar (first-person singular present pugno, first-person singular preterite pugné, past participle pugnado)
* to struggle; fight
* to conflict
** 1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page VIII:El pueblo […] acepta sin trabajo lo que está habituado a oir, aunque pugne con sus convicciones, a trueque no enredarse en argumentaciones molestas que no le interesan y que tampoco está seguro de saber formular con acierto.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | pugnar | pugnar | pugnar | pugnar | pugnar |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | pugnando | pugnando | pugnando | pugnando | pugnando |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | pugnado | pugnado | pugnada | pugnada |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | pugnados | pugnados | pugnadas | pugnadas |
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| indicative | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| indicative | present | pugno | pugnas$^{tú}$ pugnás$^{vos}$ | pugna | pugnamos | pugnáis | pugnan |
| indicative | imperfect | pugnaba | pugnabas | pugnaba | pugnábamos | pugnabais | pugnaban |
| indicative | preterite | pugné | pugnaste | pugnó | pugnamos | pugnasteis | pugnaron |
| indicative | future | pugnaré | pugnarás | pugnará | pugnaremos | pugnaréis | pugnarán |
| indicative | conditional | pugnaría | pugnarías | pugnaría | pugnaríamos | pugnaríais | pugnarían |
| subjunctive | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| subjunctive | present | pugne | pugnes$^{tú}$ pugnés$^{vos2}$ | pugne | pugnemos | pugnéis | pugnen |
| subjunctive | imperfect (ra) | pugnara | pugnaras | pugnara | pugnáramos | pugnarais | pugnaran |
| subjunctive | imperfect (se) | pugnase | pugnases | pugnase | pugnásemos | pugnaseis | pugnasen |
| subjunctive | future$^1$ | pugnare | pugnares | pugnare | pugnáremos | pugnareis | pugnaren |
| imperative | | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes |
| imperative | affirmative | | pugna$^{tú}$ pugná$^{vos}$ | pugne | pugnemos | pugnad | pugnen |
| imperative | negative | | no pugnes | no pugne | no pugnemos | no pugnéis | no pugnen |
$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

### Further reading

* “pugnar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 23rd edition, Royal Spanish Academy, 2014 October 16