OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 言い聞かせる
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 言 | 聞 |
| い Grade: 2 | き Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いいきかせる [ìíkíkáséꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [5])
* IPA: [iːkʲi̥ka̠se̞ɾɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「言い聞かせる」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 言い聞かせる | いいきかせる | [ìíkíkáséꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 言い聞かせろ | いいきかせろ | [ìíkíkáséꜜrò] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 言い聞かせられる | いいきかせられる | [ìíkíkáséráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 言い聞かせさせる | いいきかせさせる | [ìíkíkásésáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 言い聞かせられる | いいきかせられる | [ìíkíkáséráréꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 言い聞かせよう | いいきかせよー | [ìíkíkáséyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 言い聞かせない | いいきかせない | [ìíkíkáséꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 言い聞かせなかった | いいきかせなかった | [ìíkíkáséꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 言い聞かせます | いいきかせます | [ìíkíkásémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 言い聞かせた | いいきかせた | [ìíkíkáꜜsètà] |
| Conjunctive | 言い聞かせて | いいきかせて | [ìíkíkáꜜsètè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 言い聞かせれば | いいきかせれば | [ìíkíkáséꜜrèbà] |

### Verb

言(い)い聞(き)かせる • (iikikaseru) transitive ichidan (stem 言(い)い聞(き)かせ (iikikase), past 言(い)い聞(き)かせた (iikikaseta))
* persuade, instruct

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 言い聞かせ | いいきかせ | iikikase |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 言い聞かせ | いいきかせ | iikikase |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 言い聞かせる | いいきかせる | iikikaseru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 言い聞かせる | いいきかせる | iikikaseru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 言い聞かせれ | いいきかせれ | iikikasere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 言い聞かせよ¹ 言い聞かせろ² | いいきかせよ¹ いいきかせろ² | iikikaseyo¹ iikikasero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 言い聞かせられる | いいきかせられる | iikikaserareru |
| Causative | 言い聞かせさせる 言い聞かせさす | いいきかせさせる いいきかせさす | iikikasesaseru iikikasesasu |
| Potential | 言い聞かせられる 言い聞かせれる³ | いいきかせられる いいきかせれる³ | iikikaserareru iikikasereru³ |
| Volitional | 言い聞かせよう | いいきかせよう | iikikaseyō |
| Negative | 言い聞かせない 言い聞かせぬ 言い聞かせん | いいきかせない いいきかせぬ いいきかせん | iikikasenai iikikasenu iikikasen |
| Negative continuative | 言い聞かせず | いいきかせず | iikikasezu |
| Formal | 言い聞かせます | いいきかせます | iikikasemasu |
| Perfective | 言い聞かせた | いいきかせた | iikikaseta |
| Conjunctive | 言い聞かせて | いいきかせて | iikikasete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 言い聞かせれば | いいきかせれば | iikikasereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||
# 文字起こし
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 文 | 字 | 起 |
| もん > も Grade: 1 | じ Grade: 1 | お Grade: 3 |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) もじおこし [mòjí óꜜkòshì] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [mo̞ʑi o̞ko̞ɕi]

### Noun

文(も)字(じ)起(お)こし • (moji okoshi)
* transcription from audio

#### Synonyms

* テープ起(お)こし (tēpu okoshi)
# ねざす
## Japanese

* Alternative spellings
* 根差す 根ざす

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ねざす [nèzáꜜsù] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ne̞za̠sɨ]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「根差す」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 根差す | ねざす | [nèzáꜜsù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 根差せ | ねざせ | [nèzáꜜsè] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 根差される | ねざされる | [nèzásáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 根差させる | ねざさせる | [nèzásáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 根差せる | ねざせる | [nèzáséꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 根差そう | ねざそー | [nèzásóꜜò] |
| Negative | 根差さない | ねざさない | [nèzásáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 根差さなかった | ねざさなかった | [nèzásáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 根差します | ねざします | [nèzáshímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 根差した | ねざした | [nèzáꜜshìtà] |
| Conjunctive | 根差して | ねざして | [nèzáꜜshìtè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 根差せば | ねざせば | [nèzáꜜsèbà] |

### Verb

ねざす • (nezasu) intransitive godan (stem ねざし (nezashi), past ねざした (nezashita))
* have roots in

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ねざさ | nezasa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ねざし | nezashi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ねざす | nezasu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ねざす | nezasu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ねざせ | nezase |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ねざせ | nezase |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | ねざされる | nezasareru |
| Causative | ねざさせる ねざさす | nezasaseru nezasasu |
| Potential | ねざせる | nezaseru |
| Volitional | ねざそう | nezasō |
| Negative | ねざさない | nezasanai |
| Negative continuative | ねざさず | nezasazu |
| Formal | ねざします | nezashimasu |
| Perfective | ねざした | nezashita |
| Conjunctive | ねざして | nezashite |
| Hypothetical conditional | ねざせば | nezaseba |
# 放り込む
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 放 | 込 |
| ほう Grade: 3 | こ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーりこむ [hòóríkóꜜmù] (Nakadaka – [4])
* IPA: [ho̞ːɾʲiko̞mɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「放り込む」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 放り込む | ほーりこむ | [hòóríkóꜜmù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 放り込め | ほーりこめ | [hòóríkóꜜmè] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 放り込まれる | ほーりこまれる | [hòóríkómáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 放り込ませる | ほーりこませる | [hòóríkómáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 放り込める | ほーりこめる | [hòóríkóméꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 放り込もう | ほーりこもー | [hòóríkómóꜜò] |
| Negative | 放り込まない | ほーりこまない | [hòóríkómáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 放り込まなかった | ほーりこまなかった | [hòóríkómáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 放り込みます | ほーりこみます | [hòóríkómímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 放り込んだ | ほーりこんだ | [hòóríkóꜜǹdà] |
| Conjunctive | 放り込んで | ほーりこんで | [hòóríkóꜜǹdè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 放り込めば | ほーりこめば | [hòóríkóꜜmèbà] |

### Verb

放(ほう)り込(こ)む • (hōrikomu) transitive godan (stem 放(ほう)り込(こ)み (hōrikomi), past 放(ほう)り込(こ)んだ (hōrikonda))
* throw into

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 放り込ま | ほうりこま | hōrikoma |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 放り込み | ほうりこみ | hōrikomi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 放り込む | ほうりこむ | hōrikomu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 放り込む | ほうりこむ | hōrikomu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 放り込め | ほうりこめ | hōrikome |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 放り込め | ほうりこめ | hōrikome |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 放り込まれる | ほうりこまれる | hōrikomareru |
| Causative | 放り込ませる 放り込ます | ほうりこませる ほうりこます | hōrikomaseru hōrikomasu |
| Potential | 放り込める | ほうりこめる | hōrikomeru |
| Volitional | 放り込もう | ほうりこもう | hōrikomō |
| Negative | 放り込まない | ほうりこまない | hōrikomanai |
| Negative continuative | 放り込まず | ほうりこまず | hōrikomazu |
| Formal | 放り込みます | ほうりこみます | hōrikomimasu |
| Perfective | 放り込んだ | ほうりこんだ | hōrikonda |
| Conjunctive | 放り込んで | ほうりこんで | hōrikonde |
| Hypothetical conditional | 放り込めば | ほうりこめば | hōrikomeba |
# bombed off
## English
### Verb

bombed off
* simple past and past participle of bomb off
# boogered off
## English
### Verb

boogered off
* simple past and past participle of booger off
# dottá
## Hamer-Banna
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dottá/, [dottá̤]

### Verb

dottá
* (causative) to put down, place

### References

* Petrollino, Sara (2016) A Grammar of Hamar: A South Omotic language of Ethiopia‎, Leiden University
# wewengkon
## Javanese
### Romanization

wewengkon
* Romanization of ꦮꦼꦮꦼꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀
# агньць
## Old Church Slavonic
### Alternative forms

* (Glagolitic): ⰰⰳⱀⱐⱌⱐ (agnĭcĭ)
* (with prothetic j-): ꙗгньць (jagnĭcĭ)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *agnьcь.

### Noun

агньць • (agnĭcĭ) m
* lamb

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “агньць”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2024

## Old East Slavic
### Alternative forms

* (later forms): агнець (agnecĭ), агнецъ (agnecŭ), агниць (agnicĭ)

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *agnьcь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑɡnɪt͡sʲɪ/→/ˈaɡnʲɪt͡sʲɪ/→/ˈaɡnʲɛt͡sʲ/
* (ca. 9th CE) IPA: /ˈɑɡnɪt͡sʲɪ/
* (ca. 11th CE) IPA: /ˈaɡnʲɪt͡sʲɪ/
* (ca. 13th CE) IPA: /ˈaɡnʲɛt͡sʲ/
* Hyphenation: аг‧нь‧ць

### Noun

агньць (agnĭcĭ) m
* lamb

#### Descendants

* Russian: а́гнец (ágnec)
* Ukrainian: а́гнець (áhnecʹ)

### References

* Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893–1912) “агньць”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume, Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences
# presentive
## English
### Etymology

From present +‎ -ive.

### Adjective

presentive (not comparable)
* Bringing a conception or notion directly before the mind; presenting an object to the memory of imagination.
** 1871, John Earle, The Philology of the English Tongue:How greatly the word "will" is felt to have lost presentive power in the last three centuries.
* (grammar) Introducing or asserting the existence or occurrence of something in the present.

#### Antonyms

* symbolic

#### Related terms

* presentively
* presentiveness

### Noun

presentive (plural presentives)
* (grammar) A grammatical construct that introduces or asserts the existence or occurrence of something in the present.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “presentive”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

### Anagrams

* pretensive, vespertine
# melte
## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

Arabic فَتِيلَة (fatīla).

### Noun

melte
* bowl
    Synonym: şama
* lamp
    Synonyms: idare, şemma, qandil
* wick

#### Declension
### References

* “melte”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmɛltɛ]

### Verb

melte
* second-person plural imperative of mlít

## Middle English
### Verb

melte
* Alternative form of melten

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmel.te/, [ˈmeɫ.te]

### Verb

melte
* inflection of meltan:
** first-person singular present indicative
** singular present subjunctive

## Tocharian B
### Noun

melte
* dung
# ҡағиҙә
## Bashkir
### Etymology

From Arabic قَاعِدَة (qāʕida, “rule, principle”).
Cognate with Tatar кагыйдә (qağıydä), Uzbek qoida, Uyghur قائىدە (qa'ide), Turkmen kada, Turkish kaide (“rule”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [qä.ʁɨ̯i͜.ˈðæ]
* Hyphenation: ҡа‧ғи‧ҙә

### Noun

ҡағиҙә • (qağiźə)
* rule, precept
# solilunar
## English
### Alternative forms

* solunar
* sol-lunar (archaic)

### Etymology

From Latin sol (“sun”) and Latin luna (“moon”).

### Adjective

solilunar (not comparable)
* Relating to, or due to the influence of, both the sun and the moon.

#### Synonyms

* lunisolar

### Anagrams

* soliterraneous
# douchehole
## English
### Etymology

Blend of douchebag +‎ asshole; possibly originated as a euphemism.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

douchehole (plural doucheholes)
* (Canada, US, slang, derogatory, humorous) An obnoxious person; a jerk.
# Giraff
## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French girafe.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒiˈʀaf/, [ʒiˈʀɑf]

### Noun

Giraff f (plural Giraffen)
* giraffe
# 𮳭

| 𮳭 | U+2ECED, &#191725; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2ECED |
| ← 𮳬 [U+2ECEC] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I | 𮳮 → [U+2ECEE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

𮳭 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+8, 12 strokes, composition ⿰火责)

### References

* Unihan data for U+2ECED
# sihiriwa
## Swahili
### Verb

-sihiriwa (infinitive kusihiriwa)
* Passive form of -sihiri

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -sihiriwa :
| Positive present | -nasihiriwa |
| Subjunctive | -sihiriwe |
| Negative | -sihiriwi |
| Imperative singular | sihiriwa |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kusihiriwa |
| Negative | kutosihiriwa |
Imperatives :
| Singular | sihiriwa |
| Plural | sihiriweni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | husihiriwa |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -lisihiriwa |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kusihiriwa |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tasihiriwa |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tasihiriwa |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sisihiriwe |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngesihiriwa |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singesihiriwa |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalisihiriwa |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalisihiriwa |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mesihiriwa |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshasihiriwa |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jasihiriwa |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kisihiriwa |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -siposihiriwa |
| Consecutive | kasihiriwa / positive subject concord + -kasihiriwa |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kasihiriwe |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :
# 𮳰

| 𮳰 | U+2ECF0, &#191728; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2ECF0 |
| ← 𮳯 [U+2ECEF] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I | 𮳱 → [U+2ECF1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

𮳰 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+9, 13 strokes, composition ⿰火苹)

### References

* Unihan data for U+2ECF0
# gainword
## English
### Etymology

From gain +‎ word.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

gainword (plural gainwords)
* (linguistics, rare, in relation to the Maori language) A word that a language has borrowed from other languages. In the process, the spelling and pronunciation, and even meaning, may be altered.
    Synonym: loanword
** 1995, TP Duval, A preliminary dictionary of Maori gainwords compiled on historical principles:Words comprising a gainword + Maori suffix are entered as run-ons in alphabetical order where there is a root gainword as headword.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Winograd
# завтра
## Russian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic завътра (zavŭtra), from Proto-Slavic *za utra. By surface analysis, за (za) +‎ у́тро (útro).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzaftrə]
* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

за́втра • (závtra)
* tomorrow

### Noun

за́втра • (závtra) n inan (indeclinable)
* tomorrow

#### Coordinate terms

* вчера́ (včerá), позавчера́ (pozavčerá), послеза́втра (poslezávtra), сего́дня (sevódnja)

#### Related terms

* за (za), за- (za-), утро n (utro)
* за́втрак m (závtrak)
* за́втракать impf (závtrakatʹ)
* за́втрашний (závtrašnij)

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian заутра (zautra), заутро (zautro), завтра (zavtra), завтро (zavtro), from Old East Slavic заоутра (zautra), from Proto-Slavic *za utra.
Cognate with Belarusian за́ўтра (záŭtra), Serbo-Croatian су̏тра, Slovak zajtra, Slovene zájtra (“tomorrow morning”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzau̯trɐ]

### Adverb

за́втра • (závtra)
* tomorrow

#### Derived terms

* за́втрашній (závtrašnij)

### Further reading

* Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “за́втра”, in Етимологічний словник української мови (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 219
* Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “за́втра”, in Словарь украинского языка (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “завтра”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “завтра”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
# птенец
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ptʲɪˈnʲet͡s]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

птене́ц • (ptenéc) m anim (genitive птенца́, nominative plural птенцы́, genitive plural птенцо́в, relational adjective птенцо́вый, diminutive пте́нчик)
* chick, nestling, fledgling, baby bird

#### Derived terms

* птенцо́вый (ptencóvyj)

#### Related terms

* пти́ца f anim (ptíca)

### References

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “птенец”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “птица”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
* Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “птица”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 79
* Tsyhanenko, H. P. (1989) “птица”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), 2nd edition, Kyiv: Radjanska shkola, →ISBN, page 340
# setiri
## Swahili
### Verb

-setiri (infinitive kusetiri)
* Alternative form of -sitiri (“to conceal, cover up, disguise”)

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -setiri :
| Positive present | -nasetiri |
| Subjunctive | -setiri |
| Negative | -setiri |
| Imperative singular | setiri |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kusetiri |
| Negative | kutosetiri |
Imperatives :
| Singular | setiri |
| Plural | setirini |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | husetiri |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -lisetiri |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kusetiri |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tasetiri |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tasetiri |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sisetiri |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngesetiri |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singesetiri |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalisetiri |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalisetiri |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mesetiri |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshasetiri |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jasetiri |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kisetiri |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -siposetiri |
| Consecutive | kasetiri / positive subject concord + -kasetiri |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kasetiri |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :
# kusanii
## Swahili
### Verb

kusanii (verbal noun of the ku class)
* infinitive of -sanii
# paper anniversary
## English
### Noun

paper anniversary (plural paper anniversaries)
* The 1st anniversary of some event, particularly a wedding.

#### Synonyms

* anniversary

#### Hyponyms

* paper wedding (wedding anniversary)

#### Coordinate terms

* wooden anniversary (5th)
* silver anniversary (25th)
* ruby anniversary (40th)
* golden anniversary (50th)
* diamond anniversary (60th/75th)
* platinum anniversary (70th)
# 深める
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 深
* ふか Grade: 3
* kun'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふかめる [fùkáméꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟̊ka̠me̞ɾɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「深める」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 深める | ふかめる | [fùkáméꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 深めろ | ふかめろ | [fùkáméꜜrò] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 深められる | ふかめられる | [fùkáméráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 深めさせる | ふかめさせる | [fùkámésáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 深められる | ふかめられる | [fùkáméráréꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 深めよう | ふかめよー | [fùkáméyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 深めない | ふかめない | [fùkáméꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 深めなかった | ふかめなかった | [fùkáméꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 深めます | ふかめます | [fùkámémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 深めた | ふかめた | [fùkáꜜmètà] |
| Conjunctive | 深めて | ふかめて | [fùkáꜜmètè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 深めれば | ふかめれば | [fùkáméꜜrèbà] |

### Verb

深(ふか)める • (fukameru) transitive ichidan (stem 深(ふか)め (fukame), past 深(ふか)めた (fukameta))
Japanese verb pair :
| active | 深める |
| mediopassive | 深まる |
* deepen

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 深め | ふかめ | fukame |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 深め | ふかめ | fukame |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 深める | ふかめる | fukameru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 深める | ふかめる | fukameru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 深めれ | ふかめれ | fukamere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 深めよ¹ 深めろ² | ふかめよ¹ ふかめろ² | fukameyo¹ fukamero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 深められる | ふかめられる | fukamerareru |
| Causative | 深めさせる 深めさす | ふかめさせる ふかめさす | fukamesaseru fukamesasu |
| Potential | 深められる 深めれる³ | ふかめられる ふかめれる³ | fukamerareru fukamereru³ |
| Volitional | 深めよう | ふかめよう | fukameyō |
| Negative | 深めない 深めぬ 深めん | ふかめない ふかめぬ ふかめん | fukamenai fukamenu fukamen |
| Negative continuative | 深めず | ふかめず | fukamezu |
| Formal | 深めます | ふかめます | fukamemasu |
| Perfective | 深めた | ふかめた | fukameta |
| Conjunctive | 深めて | ふかめて | fukamete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 深めれば | ふかめれば | fukamereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||
# 渋い
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 渋
* しぶ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 澁い (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しぶい [shìbúꜜì] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ɕibɯ̟i]
* Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「渋い」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Continuative (連用形) | 渋く | しぶく しぶく | [shíꜜbùkù] [shìbúꜜkù] |
| Terminal (終止形) | 渋い | しぶい | [shìbúꜜì] |
| Attributive (連体形) | 渋い | しぶい | [shìbúꜜì] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 渋くない | しぶくない しぶくない | [shíꜜbùkùnàì] [shìbúꜜkùnàì] |
| Informal past | 渋かった | しぶかった しぶかった | [shíꜜbùkàttà] [shìbúꜜkàttà] |
| Informal negative past | 渋くなかった | しぶくなかった しぶくなかった | [shíꜜbùkùnàkàttà] [shìbúꜜkùnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 渋いです | しぶいです | [shìbúꜜìdèsù] |
| Conjunctive | 渋くて | しぶくて しぶくて | [shíꜜbùkùtè] [shìbúꜜkùtè] |
| Conditional | 渋ければ | しぶければ しぶければ | [shíꜜbùkèrèbà] [shìbúꜜkèrèbà] |

### Adjective

渋(しぶ)い • (shibui) -i (adverbial 渋(しぶ)く (shibuku))
* astringent in taste, bitter
* elegant, refined, and tastefully quiet, not brash
    渋(しぶ)い漫画(まん)が好(がす)き
       shibui manga ga suki
       has a mature taste in manga
       (literally, “likes refined manga”)
* stingy, cheap
* sour, grim

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 渋かろ | しぶかろ | shibukaro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 渋く | しぶく | shibuku |
| Terminal (終止形) | 渋い | しぶい | shibui |
| Attributive (連体形) | 渋い | しぶい | shibui |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 渋けれ | しぶけれ | shibukere |
| Imperative (命令形) | 渋かれ | しぶかれ | shibukare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 渋くない | しぶくない | shibuku nai |
| Informal past | 渋かった | しぶかった | shibukatta |
| Informal negative past | 渋くなかった | しぶくなかった | shibuku nakatta |
| Formal | 渋いです | しぶいです | shibui desu |
| Formal negative | 渋くないです | しぶくないです | shibuku nai desu |
| Formal past | 渋かったです | しぶかったです | shibukatta desu |
| Formal negative past | 渋くなかったです | しぶくなかったです | shibuku nakatta desu |
| Conjunctive | 渋くて | しぶくて | shibukute |
| Conditional | 渋ければ | しぶければ | shibukereba |
| Provisional | 渋かったら | しぶかったら | shibukattara |
| Volitional | 渋かろう | しぶかろう | shibukarō |
| Adverbial | 渋く | しぶく | shibuku |
| Degree | 渋さ | しぶさ | shibusa |

### See also

* 苦(にが)い (nigai)
* Appendix:Terms considered difficult or impossible to translate into English
# 押し合う
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 押 | 合 |
| お Grade: S | あ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おしあう [òshíáꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [o̞ɕia̠ɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「押し合う」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 押し合う | おしあう | [òshíáꜜù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 押し合え | おしあえ | [òshíáꜜè] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 押し合われる | おしあわれる | [òshíáwáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 押し合わせる | おしあわせる | [òshíáwáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 押し合える | おしあえる | [òshíáéꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 押し合おう | おしあおー | [òshíáóꜜò] |
| Negative | 押し合わない | おしあわない | [òshíáwáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 押し合わなかった | おしあわなかった | [òshíáwáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 押し合います | おしあいます | [òshíáímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 押し合った | おしあった | [òshíáꜜttà] |
| Conjunctive | 押し合って | おしあって | [òshíáꜜttè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 押し合えば | おしあえば | [òshíáꜜèbà] |

### Verb

押(お)し合(あ)う • (oshiau) intransitive godan (stem 押(お)し合(あ)い (oshiai), past 押(お)し合(あ)った (oshiatta))
* push one another, jostle

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 押し合わ | おしあわ | oshiawa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 押し合い | おしあい | oshiai |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 押し合う | おしあう | oshiau |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 押し合う | おしあう | oshiau |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 押し合え | おしあえ | oshiae |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 押し合え | おしあえ | oshiae |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 押し合われる | おしあわれる | oshiawareru |
| Causative | 押し合わせる 押し合わす | おしあわせる おしあわす | oshiawaseru oshiawasu |
| Potential | 押し合える | おしあえる | oshiaeru |
| Volitional | 押し合おう | おしあおう | oshiaō |
| Negative | 押し合わない | おしあわない | oshiawanai |
| Negative continuative | 押し合わず | おしあわず | oshiawazu |
| Formal | 押し合います | おしあいます | oshiaimasu |
| Perfective | 押し合った | おしあった | oshiatta |
| Conjunctive | 押し合って | おしあって | oshiatte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 押し合えば | おしあえば | oshiaeba |