# 祼

| 祼 | U+797C, &#31100; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-797C |
| ← 祻 [U+797B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 祽 → [U+797D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

祼 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈火田木 (IFWD), four-corner 3629$_4$, composition ⿰礻果)
* sacrificial ceremony of pouring water to irrigate a field
* to pour out a libation

#### Derived characters

* 𫲁

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 844, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24738
* Dae Jaweon: page 1264, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2402, character 3
* Unihan data for U+797C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 祼
* Shang
* Oracle bone script
| | Old Chinese |
| 裸 | *ɡ·roːlʔ |
| 躶 | *ɡ·roːlʔ |
| 果 | *kloːlʔ |
| 菓 | *kloːlʔ |
| 猓 | *kloːlʔ |
| 輠 | *kloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ, *kʰluːls |
| 裹 | *kloːlʔ, *kloːls |
| 蜾 | *kloːlʔ |
| 惈 | *kloːlʔ |
| 粿 | *kloːlʔ |
| 窠 | *kʰloːl |
| 稞 | *kʰloːl, *ɡroːlʔ |
| 課 | *kʰloːl, *kʰloːls |
| 髁 | *kʰloːl, *kʰloːls, *kʰroːlʔ |
| 棵 | *kʰloːl, *kʰloːnʔ, *ɡloːnʔ |
| 顆 | *kʰloːlʔ |
| 堁 | *kʰloːlʔ, *kʰloːls, *kloːns |
| 敤 | *kʰloːlʔ, *kʰloːls |
| 夥 | *qʰloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ |
| 婐 | *qloːlʔ, *kroːl |
| 踝 | *ɡroːlʔ |
| 祼 | *ɡluːlʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡluːlʔ) : semantic 示 (“altar; sacrifice; deity”) + phonetic 果 (OC *kloːlʔ). In early writing, the form was more readily seen as ideogrammic (會意／会意) , showing components resembling 酉 (“libation container”) or 畐 (“libation container”) variously combined with radicals depicting the hand.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guàn (guan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gun$^3$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): guang$^4$ / guong$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koàn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guàn
*** Wade–Giles: kuan$^4$
*** Yale: gwàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
*** Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯än⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gun$^3$
*** Yale: gun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gun$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuːn³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: guang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuaŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: guong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuoŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàn
*** Tâi-lô: kuàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koaxn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kuan²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kwanH
Rime :
| Character | 祼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古玩切 |
| Baxter | kwanH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kuɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gun$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤor(ʔ)-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡluːlʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 祼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | guàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kwan$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁor(ʔ)-s/ |
| English | pour out libation |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 祼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4799 |
| Phonetic component | 果 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 貫 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡluːlʔ/ |

### Definitions

祼
* (historical, religion) to pour libation; to libate

### References

* “祼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “祼”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 81.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* libation

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かん (kan)
* Kun: まつり (matsuri)

## Korean
### Hanja

祼 (eum 관 (gwan))
* sacrificial ceremony of pouring water to irrigate the field