# 方丈
## Chinese
### Etymology
#### “narrow-minded person”

    From the abbot of the Shaolin temple, a character in Stephen Chow's movie The God of Cookery (1996, portrayed by Tats Lau), who was very narrow-minded despite being a monk. See 方丈份人好小氣／方丈份人好小气 for more.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fāngzhàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤ ㄓㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fong$^1$ zoeng$^6$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^1$ ziang$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$faon-zan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fāngzhàng → fāngzhang (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤ ㄓㄤˋ → ㄈㄤ ˙ㄓㄤ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fangjhång
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^1$-chang$^5$
*** Yale: fāng-jang
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fang.janq
*** Palladius: фанчжан (fančžan)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/ → /fɑŋ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ɑŋ²/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^1$ zoeng$^6$
*** Yale: fōng jeuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^1$ dzoeng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^1$ zêng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^1$ ziang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang tsiăng
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$faon-zan
*** MiniDict: faon$^平$ zan
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$faan-zan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fɑ̃⁵⁵ zã²¹/
* Middle Chinese: pjang drjangX
Rime :
| Character | 方 | 丈 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 府良切 | 直兩切 |
| Baxter | pjang | drjangX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʉɐŋ/ | /ɖɨɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷiɐŋ/ | /ɖiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuɑŋ/ | /ȡiɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puaŋ/ | /ɖɨaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /piuaŋ/ | /ȡiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwaŋ/ | /ȡĭaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /piwaŋ/ | /ȡʱi̯aŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fāng | zhàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^1$ | zoeng$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C-paŋ [d]raŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*paŋ daŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 方 | 丈 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fāng | zhàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjang › | ‹ drjang$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C-paŋ/ | /*[d]raŋʔ/ |
| English | square | ten feet |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 方 | 丈 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3023 | 16836 |
| Phonetic component | 方 | 丈 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 方 | 丈 |
| Old Chinese | /*paŋ/ | /*daŋʔ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象槳即榜初文， 下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆 | |

### Noun

方丈
* (literary) square with side length of 1 zhang
* (literary) a square-zhang table full of food; plentiful food
* (Buddhism) abbot's room or quarter, i.e. a small square-zhang room, as Vimalakīrti's room is described in the Vimalakīrti Sūtra
** (by extension) residence of Buddhist abbots, including the bedroom and its accessory facilities
** (by extension) Buddhist abbot
** (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism, slang) narrow-minded person; petty person

#### Synonyms

* (Buddhist abbot): (Hokkien) 當家／当家, 當家師／当家师
* (narrow-minded person): (Cantonese) 小氣鬼／小气鬼 (xiǎoqìguǐ)

#### Derived terms

* 方丈之饌／方丈之馔
* 方丈份人好小氣／方丈份人好小气
* 方丈洲
* 方丈盈前
* 食前方丈
* 食味方丈

### Classifier

方丈
* Classifier for the number of areas covered by a square of side length 1 zhang.

### Proper noun

方丈
* (Chinese mythology) a mystical mountain island in the sea
    Synonym: 方壺／方壶
    See also: 蓬萊, 瀛洲
    From: 《史記•秦始皇本紀》
    Qí rén Xúfú děng shàngshū, yán hǎi zhōng yǒu sān shénshān, míng yuē Pénglái, Fāngzhàng, Yíngzhōu. [Pinyin]
    Xu Fu of the state of Qi and others have written, saying that in the sea there are three mountains of immortals; they are called Penglai, Fangzhang, and Yingzhou.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 方 | 丈 |
| ほう Grade: 2 | じょう Grade: S |
| on'yomi | goon |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーじょー [hòójóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞ːʑo̞ː]

### Noun

方(ほう)丈(じょう) • (hōjō)
* a square 丈 (jō); an enclosed area 3.03 by 3.03 meters in size
* such a room or building; often inhabited by Buddhist monks

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 方 | 丈 |

### Noun

方丈 • (bangjang) (hangeul 방장)
* hanja form of 방장