# 包括
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bāokuò, bāoguā
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠ ㄎㄨㄛˋ, ㄅㄠ ㄍㄨㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baau$^1$ kut$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pâu-koat
    (Hailu, HRS): bau$^ˋ$ guad
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pau-koat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bao$^1$ guag$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$pau-kuaq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bāokuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ ㄎㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: baokuò
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^1$-kʻuo$^4$
*** Yale: bāu-kwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baukuoh
*** Palladius: баоко (baoko)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bāoguā
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ ㄍㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: baogua
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^1$-kua$^1$
*** Yale: bāu-gwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baugua
*** Palladius: баогуа (baogua)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baau$^1$ kut$^3$
*** Yale: bāau kut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baau$^1$ kut$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bao$^1$ kud$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːu̯⁵⁵ kʰuːt̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pâu-koat
*** Hakka Romanization System: bau$^ˊ$ guad$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bau$^1$ guad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /pau̯²⁴ ku̯at̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bau$^ˋ$ guad
*** Sinological IPA: /pau⁵³ kuat⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pau-koat
*** Tâi-lô: pau-kuat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pau'koad
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pau⁴⁴⁻²² kuat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pau³³ kuat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pau⁴⁴⁻²² kuat̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pau⁴⁴⁻³³ kuat̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pau⁴⁴⁻³³ kuat̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bao$^1$ guag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pau kuak
*** Sinological IPA : /pau³³⁻²³ kuak̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$pau-kuaq
*** MiniDict: pau$^平$ kuah
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$pau-kuaq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ⁵⁵ kuaʔ²¹/

### Verb

包括
* to include; to consist of
    包括但不限於／包括但不限于 ― bāokuò dàn bù xiànyú ― including, but not limited to, ...
       Yǐ gǎn'ēn de xīntài miànduì yīqiè, bāokuò shībài, nǐ huì fāxiàn, rénshēng qíshí hěn jīngcǎi. [Pinyin]
       Face everything, including failure, with a grateful mind, and you will find that life is actually wonderful.

#### Synonyms

* 儲藏／储藏 (chǔcáng)
* 包 (literary, or in compounds)
* 包含 (bāohán)
* 包孕 (bāoyùn)
* 包容 (bāoróng)
* 包羅／包罗 (bāoluó)
* 包舉／包举 (bāojǔ) (literary)
* 包蘊／包蕴 (bāoyùn)
* 含
* 含有 (hányǒu)
* 含蓄 (hánxù)
* 囊括 (nángkuò)
* 容納／容纳 (róngnà)
* 涵括 (hánkuò)
* 涵蓋／涵盖 (hángài)
* 蘊含／蕴含 (yùnhán)
* 蘊涵／蕴涵 (yùnhán)
* 蘊藏／蕴藏 (yùncáng)
* 貯藏／贮藏 (zhùcáng)
* 連／连

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 包括(ほうかつ) (hōkatsu)
* → Korean: 포괄(包括) (pogwal)
* → Vietnamese: bao quát (包括)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 包 | 括 |
| ほう Grade: 4 | かつ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーかつ [hòókátsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞ːka̠t͡sɨ]

### Noun

包(ほう)括(かつ) • (hōkatsu)
* comprehensiveness

#### Derived terms

* 包括的(ほうかつてき) (hōkatsuteki)

### Verb

包(ほう)括(かつ)する • (hōkatsu suru) suru (stem 包(ほう)括(かつ)し (hōkatsu shi), past 包(ほう)括(かつ)した (hōkatsu shita))
* to include, to comprehend, to embrace

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 包括し | ほうかつし | hōkatsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 包括し | ほうかつし | hōkatsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 包括する | ほうかつする | hōkatsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 包括する | ほうかつする | hōkatsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 包括すれ | ほうかつすれ | hōkatsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 包括せよ¹ 包括しろ² | ほうかつせよ¹ ほうかつしろ² | hōkatsu seyo¹ hōkatsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 包括される | ほうかつされる | hōkatsu sareru |
| Causative | 包括させる 包括さす | ほうかつさせる ほうかつさす | hōkatsu saseru hōkatsu sasu |
| Potential | 包括できる | ほうかつできる | hōkatsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 包括しよう | ほうかつしよう | hōkatsu shiyō |
| Negative | 包括しない | ほうかつしない | hōkatsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 包括せず | ほうかつせず | hōkatsu sezu |
| Formal | 包括します | ほうかつします | hōkatsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 包括した | ほうかつした | hōkatsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 包括して | ほうかつして | hōkatsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 包括すれば | ほうかつすれば | hōkatsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN