# sledge
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /slɛd͡ʒ/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛd͡ʒ

### Etymology 1

From Middle English slegge, from Old English sleċġ (“sledgehammer; mallet”), from Proto-Germanic *slagjǭ. Cognate with Dutch slegge (“sledge”), Swedish slägga (“sledge”), Norwegian Bokmål slegge (“sledge”), Norwegian Nynorsk sleggje (“sledge”), Icelandic sleggja (“sledge”), German Schlägel.

#### Noun

sledge (plural sledges)
* A heavy, long handled maul or hammer used to drive stakes, wedges, etc.
** 1737, J. Ray, A Collection of English Words Not Generally Used, With their Significations and Original in two Alphabetical Catalogues; the one, of such as are proper to the Northern, the other, to the Southern Counties. With an Account of the preparing and refining such Metals and Minerals as are found in England.:[based on information from Major Hill, Master of the Silver Mills, in 1662, describing silver mining in Cardiganshire] They dig the Oar thus; One holds a little Picque, or Punch of Iron, having a long Handle of Wood which they call a Gad; Another with a great Iron Hammer, or Sledge, drives it into the Vein.
** 2006, Tom Benford, Garage And Workshop Gear Guide:Sledge hammers are only used for heavy-duty persuading when working on vehicles or machinery.

##### Synonyms

* (long handled maul or hammer): forehammer, sledgehammer

##### Derived terms

* about sledge

##### Translations
#### Verb

sledge (third-person singular simple present sledges, present participle sledging, simple past and past participle sledged)
* To hit with a sledgehammer.
** 1842, John O'Donovan, The Banquet of Dun Na N-Gedh and The Battle of Magh Rath: An Ancient and Historical Tale:The rapid and violent exertion of smiths, mightily sledging the glowing iron masses of their furnaces.
** 2005, Langdon W Moore, Langdon W. Moore: His Own Story of His Eventful Life:When I inquired the reason of this wire being used in the construction of the safe, I was told it was to prevent the doors being broken by either sledging or wedging.

### Etymology 2

Dialectal Dutch sleedse, from Middle Dutch sleedse, from the root of sled.

#### Noun

sledge (plural sledges)
* A low sled drawn by animals, typically on snow, ice or grass.
    The sledge ran far better upon the ice; I cannot say the same for the dogs.
** 1873, Charles Tomlinson, chapter III, in Winter in the Arctic Regions and Summer in the Antarctic Regions‎, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, →OCLC, page 122:The sledges of the Esquimaux are of large size, varying from six and a half to nine and even eleven feet in length, and from eighteen inches to two feet in breadth.
* (British) any type of sled or sleigh.
** 1708, F. C. [possibly F. Conyers], Compleat Collier: Or, The Whole Art of Sinking, Getting, and Working, Coal-mines about Sunderland and New-Castle:Aged wore out Coal-Horses, which after some time Wrought you will have, may serve turn for Sledge-Horses.
** 1716, Myles Davies, Athenae Britannicae: Or, A Critical History of the Oxford and Cambridge Writers And Writings...Part I [the full title stretches for 70 words] reporting a passage in "Nicholas Sanders's Seditious Pamphlet" De Schismate Anglicano, &c (1585)
    Ty'd upon the Sledge, a Papist and a Protestant in front, being two very disparate and antipathetick Companions, was a very ridiculous Science of Cruelty, even worst than Death it self (says he).
** 2006, Richard Higgins, Peter Brukner, Bryan English, editors, Essential Sports Medicine:There are also Winter Paralympic Games with Alpine and Nordic events, as well as sledge hockey - a form of ice hockey using a seated sledge.
** 2006, Pete Draper, Deconstructing the Elements With 3ds Max: Create Natural Fire, Earth, Air and Water Without Plug-Ins:For anyone who can recall their schooldays, when you used to get snow every winter, flying down hills on a polythene bag the thickness of an atom, and a lovely old sledge your Grandpa made for you (the only Christmas it DIDN'T snow),...
* A card game resembling all fours and seven-up; old sledge.

##### Derived terms

* dog sledge
* ice sledge
* sledge chair
* sledge hockey
* sledge racing
* threshing sledge

##### Translations

Albanian: sajë (sq) f
Aleut: chataasix
Arabic: مَزْلَقَة f (mazlaqa), زَحَّافَة f (zaḥḥāfa)
Armenian: սահնակ (hy) (sahnak)
Asturian: trinéu m
Azerbaijani: kirşə, xizək
Bashkir: сана (sana)
Belarusian: са́ні m pl (sáni), са́нкі f pl (sánki)
Bulgarian: шейна́ (bg) f (šejná), шейни́чка f (šejníčka)
Burmese: စွတ်ဖါး (cwathpa:)
Catalan: trineu (ca) m
Chechen: санки (sanki)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 雪橇 (syut$^3$ hiu$^1$)
Dungan: пализы (palizɨ), палир (palir)
Hokkien: 雪車／雪车 (seh-chhia), 冰車／冰车 (peng-chhi)
Mandarin: 雪橇 (zh) (xuěqiāo), 雪車／雪车 (zh) (xuěchē), 爬犁 (zh) (páli)
Chuvash: ҫуна (śuna)
Cornish: draylell f, karr slynk m
Czech: sáně (cs) f pl, sáňky (cs) f pl
Danish: slæde (da) c, kælk
Dolgan: һырга (hırga)
Dutch: slee (nl) f, ar (nl) m or f
Egyptian: (tmt f)
Esperanto: sledo, glitveturilo
Estonian: kelk, saan
Even: турки (turki)
Evenki: тэгэк (təgək)
Finnish: reki (fi)
French: traîneau (fr) m, luge (fr) f
Galician: zorra (gl) f
Georgian: მარხილი (ka) (marxili), ციგა (ciga)
German: Schlitten (de) n
Greek: έλκηθρο (el) n (élkithro)
Gujarati: બરફગાડી (baraphgāḍī)
Hebrew: מִזְחֶלֶת (he) f (mizhelet)
Hindi: स्लेज (hi) m (slej)
Hungarian: szán (hu), szánkó (hu)
Icelandic: sleði (is) m
Ido: glitoveturo (io)
Irish: sleamhnán m, carr sleamhnáin m
Italian: slitta (it) f
Japanese: そり (ja) (sori), 橇 (ja) (そり, sori)
Kabardian: ӏэжьэ (kbd) (ʼɛźɛ)
Kazakh: шана (şana)
Korean: 썰매 (ko) (sseolmae)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: xilîşank (ku), kaşik (ku), taxûk (ku)
Kyrgyz: чана (ky) (cana)
Latin: trahea f, (Late) sclodia f
Latvian: kamanas f pl, ragavas f pl
Lithuanian: rogės f pl
Macedonian: санка f (sanka)
Manchu: ᡶᠠᡵᠠ (fara)
Moksha: нурда (nurda)
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: чарга (mn) (čarga)
Nanai: пара (para)
Norman: traîné m
Norwegian:
Bokmål: kjelke m, slede (no) m
Nynorsk: kjelke m, slede m
Ojibwe: zhooshkodaabaan
Ottoman Turkish: قیزاق (kızak)
Pashto: ماتوړ (ps) m (mātoṛ)
Persian: سورتمه (fa) (surtme), خیزک (fa) (xizak)
Plautdietsch: Schläden m
Polish: sanie (pl) f pl, sanki (pl) f pl
Portuguese: trenó (pt) m
Romanian: sanie (ro) f
Russian: са́ни (ru) m pl (sáni), са́нки (ru) f pl (sánki), сала́зки (ru) f pl (salázki), на́рты (ru) f pl (nárty) (drawn by dogs or reindeer)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: са̑њке f pl, санке pl, сао̀нице f pl, сани pl, сане pl саоне pl, сање pl
Roman: sȃnjke (sh) f pl, sanke (sh) pl, saònice (sh) f pl, sani pl, sane pl, saone (sh) pl, sanje pl
Slovak: sane f pl, sánky f pl
Slovene: sani f pl
Spanish: trineo (es) m, rastra (es) f, narria (es) f, mierra f, troika (es) f
Swahili: sleji
Swedish: släde (sv) c, kälke (sv) c, pulka (sv) c
Tagalog: paragos
Tajik: чана (čana)
Tatar: чана (tt) (çana)
Thai: เลื่อน (th) (lʉ̂ʉan)
Tlingit: xát'aa
Turkish: kızak (tr)
Turkmen: sani
Udmurt: дӧдьы (döďy)
Ukrainian: са́ни m pl (sány), са́нки f pl (sánky)
Urdu: سلیج m (slej)
Uyghur: چانا (ug) (chana)
Uzbek: chana (uz)
Vietnamese: xe trượt tuyết (vi)
Volapük: nifavab
Welsh: car llusg m, sled f
Yakut: сыарҕа (sıarğa)
Yiddish: שליטן (shlitn) :

#### Verb

sledge (third-person singular simple present sledges, present participle sledging, simple past and past participle sledged)
* To drag or draw a sledge.
** 1860, Sherard Osborn, The career, last voyage and fate of ... Sir John Franklin:It should be remembered, that these explorations were nearly all made by our seamen and officers on foot, dragging sledges, on which were piled tents, provision, fuel for cooking, and raiment. This sledging was brought to perfection by Captain M'Clintock.
** 2004, Andy Selters, Ways to the Sky: A Historical Guide to North American Mountaineering:Sledging en route to Mt. Logan on the 1925 first ascent. [caption to photo of four men dragging a sledge]
* To ride, travel with or transport in a sledge.
** 1811, Maria Edgeworth, Popular Tales:He was also to initiate me in the American pastime of sleighing, or sledging.
** 1860, John Timbs, School-days of Eminent Men: I. Sketches of the Progress of Education in England, from the Reign of King Alfred:When "the great fen or moor" which washed the city walls on the north was frozen over, sliding, sledging, and skating were the sports of crowds.
** 2006, Godfrey (EDT) Baldacchino, Extreme Tourism: Lessons from the World's Cold Water Islands
    Some of these may be closely associated with the day-to-day lifestyle of such communities — marine activities (fishing, wildlife viewing), mountain activities (abseiling, climbing, hunting) or winter sports (dog sledging).

#### See also

* sled
* sleigh
* toboggan

### Etymology 3

From Sledge (“a surname”), influenced by sledgehammer. First attested in the 1960s in Australian English.
According to Ian Chappell, originated in Adelaide during the 1963/4 or 1964/5 Sheffield Shield season. A cricketer who swore in the presence of a woman was taken to be as subtle as a sledgehammer (meaning unsubtle) and was called “Percy” or “Sledge”, from singer Percy Sledge (whose song When a Man Loves a Woman was a hit at the time). Directing insults or obscenities at the opposition team then became known as sledging.

#### Verb

sledge (third-person singular simple present sledges, present participle sledging, simple past and past participle sledged)
* (chiefly cricket, Australia) To verbally insult or abuse an opponent in order to distract them (considered unsportsmanlike).
** 1998, Larry Elliott, Daniel E Atkinson, The Age of Insecurity:Batteries of fast bowlers softened batsmen up with short-pitched bowling, while fielders tried to disturb their concentration with a running commentary of insults commonly known as sledging.
** 2004, Dhanjoo N. Ghista, Socio-Economic Democracy and the World Government: Collective Capitalism, Depovertization, Human Rights, Template for Sustainable Peace:Then, all these...government legislators...would be able to totally concentrate on their roles and functions, without being entangled in interparty sledging and squabbles.
** 2005, David Fraser, Cricket and the Law: The Man in White Is Always Right:The 2000 Code of the Laws of Cricket includes new anti-sledging provisions.
** 2013 November 6, Marina Hyde, “Whatever Shane Warne says, the Ashes sledgers need to raise their game”, in The Guardian:"Bloody hell even their sledging is now shite!!!" he sledged.
** 7 July 2022, Boris Johnson, resignation speech‎:it would be eccentric to change governments when we're delivering so much and when we have such a vast mandate and when we're actually only a handful of points behind in the polls, even in mid-term, after quite a few months of pretty relentless sledging and when the economic scene is so difficult domestically and internationally.

#### Noun

sledge (plural sledges)
* (chiefly cricket, Australia) An instance of sledging.
** 1990, Ashes: Battles and Bellylaughs, Byron Bay: Swan Publishing, page 173:Now that's what I call a sledge.

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### References

* ↑ 1999, Graham Seal, The Lingo: Listening to Australian English, University of New South Wales Press, →ISBN, page 141.

### Anagrams

* edgels, gledes, gleeds, ledges