# 危險
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wēixiǎn, wéixiǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟ ㄒㄧㄢˇ, ㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai$^4$ him$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngùi-hiám
    (Hailu, HRS): ngui hiam$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngui$^2$ hiam$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gûi-hiám / hûi-hiám / ûi-hiám
    (Teochew, Peng'im): nguin$^5$ hiam$^2$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$we-shi$_5$; $^6$ngue-shi$_5$ / $^2$we-shie$_3$ / $^2$wai-shie$_3$ / $^2$nguei-shie$_3$ / $^2$ngue-shi$_3$ / $^2$wi-shie$_3$
** (Jinhua): $^2$ui-shie$_3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wēixiǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: weisiǎn
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^1$-hsien$^3$
*** Yale: wēi-syǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ueishean
*** Palladius: вэйсянь (vɛjsjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; dated variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wéixiǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wéisiǎn
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^2$-hsien$^3$
*** Yale: wéi-syǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weishean
*** Palladius: вэйсянь (vɛjsjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngai$^4$ him$^2$
*** Yale: ngàih hím
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngai$^4$ him$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngei$^4$ him$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐi̯²¹ hiːm³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngùi-hiám
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngui$^ˇ$ hiam$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngui$^2$ hiam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i¹¹ hi̯am³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngui hiam$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋui⁵⁵ hiam²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngui$^2$ hiam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋuɪ¹¹ hiam³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gûi-hiám
*** Tâi-lô: guî-hiám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gui'hiarm
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡui²³⁻³³ hiam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡui²⁴⁻²² hiam⁵³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡui¹³⁻²² hiam⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡui²⁴⁻²² hiam⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡui²⁴⁻¹¹ hiam⁵³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûi-hiám
*** Tâi-lô: huî-hiám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hui'hiarm
*** IPA (Taipei): /hui²⁴⁻¹¹ hiam⁵³/
*** IPA (Penang): /hui²³⁻²¹ hiam⁴⁴⁵/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hui²³⁻³³ hiam⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-hiám
*** Tâi-lô: uî-hiám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ui'hiarm
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴⁻²² hiam⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³⁻³³ hiam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Singapore): /ui²⁴⁻²¹ hiam⁴²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ui²⁴⁻¹¹ hiam⁵³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³⁻²² hiam⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: nguin$^5$ hiam$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngûiⁿ hiám
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋũĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hiam⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$we-shi$_5$; $^6$ngue-shi$_5$
*** MiniDict: we$^去$ shi$^去$; ngue$^去$ shi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhue-xi$_2$; $^3$ngue-xi$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦue²² ɕi⁴⁴/, /ŋue²² ɕi⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$we-shie$_3$
*** MiniDict: we$^平$ shie$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦue²² ɕɪ³³/
** (Northern: Changzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$wai-shie$_3$
*** MiniDict: wai$^平$ shie$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ɦuai¹¹ ɕɪ³³/
** (Northern: Chongming)
*** Wugniu: $^2$nguei-shie$_3$
*** MiniDict: nguei$^平$ shie$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦŋuei²⁴ ɕie/
** (Northern: Songjiang)
*** Wugniu: $^2$ngue-shi$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ŋue¹⁵ çi⁵³/
** (Northern: Tongxiang)
*** Wugniu: $^2$wi-shie$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /ɦui²² ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^2$ui-shie$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /ui³³ ɕie⁵³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: ngjwe xjemX
Rime :
| Character | 危 | 險 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (14) | 鹽 (154) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 魚爲切 | 虚檢切 |
| Baxter | ngjwe | xjemX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠiuᴇ/ | /hˠiᴇm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋʷᵚiɛ/ | /hᵚiɛm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiuɛ/ | /xiæm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋjwiə̆/ | /hjiam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋjue/ | /xjɛm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋǐwe/ | /xĭɛm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋwie̯/ | /xi̯ɛm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wéi | xiǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngai$^4$ | him$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)[o]j qʰr[a]mʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋrol qʰramʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 危 | 險 | 險 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wēi | xiǎn | xiǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjwe › | ‹ xjæm$^X$ › | ‹ xjem$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ](r)[o]j/ | /*qʰr[a]mʔ/ | /*qʰr[a]mʔ/ |
| English | in danger | precipitous, dangerous | precipitous, dangerous |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 危 | 險 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12781 | 10221 |
| Phonetic component | 危 | 僉 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 危 | 險 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋrol/ | /*qʰramʔ/ |

### Adjective

危險
* dangerous; risky; perilous
    水深危險！／水深危险！ ― Shuǐshēn wēixiǎn! ― Warning: Deep water!
       Zài xuányá biān xíngzǒu shì wēixiǎn de. [Pinyin]
       It is dangerous to walk near the edge of a cliff.
       Zhè sì zhǒng zhíyè hěn wēixiǎn, dǎnzǐ xiǎo de rén, gēnběn gàn bù liǎo. [Pinyin]
       These four occupations are very dangerous and not for the faint-hearted.
* in danger; at risk
       Wǒ gǎnjué wǒ wēixiǎn le. [Pinyin]
       I feel I'm in danger.

#### Synonyms

* (dangerous): 危急 (wēijí), 險惡／险恶 (xiǎn'è), 兇險／凶险 (xiōngxiǎn), (Cantonese) 牙煙／牙烟, (Hokkien) 險厄／险厄, (Northern Min) 僥險／侥险, (Teochew) 浪險／浪险

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “dangerous”): 安平 (ānpíng), 安然 (ānrán), 安全 (ānquán), 平安 (píng'ān)

### Noun

危險
* danger; risk; peril
    危險係數／危险系数 ― wēixiǎn xìshù ― risk factor
    以免發生危險／以免发生危险 ― yǐmiǎn fāshēng wēixiǎn ― in case of danger
       Lùshàng kēngkēngwāwā de, qíchē de rén yībùxiǎoxīn jiù yǒu zhìmìng wēixiǎn. [Pinyin]
       Pot holes can be lethal for the unwary cyclist.

#### Synonyms

* (literary) 阽危 (diànwēi)
* 危機／危机 (wēijī)

#### Derived terms

* 危險品／危险品 (wēixiǎnpǐn)
* 生物危險／生物危险 (shēngwù wēixiǎn)

#### See also

* 風險／风险 (fēngxiǎn)

### Adverb

危險
* (Wuzhou Wu, Xuanzhou Wu) very; extremely

#### Synonyms

* (very):
* 不要太 (bùyàotài) (slang)
* 十分 (shífēn)
* 壞／坏 (huài)
* 孔 (kǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 很 (hěn)
* 極其／极其 (jíqí)
* 極度／极度 (jídù)
* 極為／极为 (jíwéi)
* 極端／极端 (jíduān)
* 滾／滚 (gǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 異常／异常 (yìcháng)
* 老大 (lǎodà) (colloquial, usually in the negative)
* 良
* 超 (chāo)
* 非常 (fēicháng)
* 頗／颇 (pō) (literary)
* 頗為／颇为 (pōwéi) (literary)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 甚, 孔 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 很, 非常, 十分 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 很 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 很, 蠻, 非常 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 挺, 楞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 很 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 很, 好 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 很 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 蠻, 很 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蠻, 稀, 很 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 很 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 好, 非常之 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 好, 十分之 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 好 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 好, 非常之, 非常 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 好 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 好 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 頂 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 好 |
| Hakka | Changting | 野 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 已, 刮 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 樣 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 好 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蓋, 盡, 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當, 盡, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 足, 真, 實在 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 好 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 好 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 很 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 好 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 很, 挺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 盡 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 野, 真 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 真 |
| Eastern Min | Sitiawan (Gutian) | 真 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 真 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 野 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 真, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 誠, 蓋, 足 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 足, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 真, 誠, 真正 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 過, 好, 非常, 死爸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 好, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 好, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 真, 死爸, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 極, 但顧, 真 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 但顧 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 但顧, 真 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 但顧, 真 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 好, 蠻 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蠻, 窮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 蠻, 蒙, 顯 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 很, 蠻 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 蠻 |

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 危(き)険(けん) (kiken)
* → Korean: 위험(危險) (wiheom)
* → Vietnamese: nguy hiểm (危險)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 危 | 險 |
| き Grade: 6 | けん Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 危險 – see the following entry. :
| 【危険きけん】 | [adjective] dangerous; risky [noun] danger |
(This term, 危險, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 危 | 險 |

### Noun

危險 • (wiheom) (hangeul 위험)
* hanja form of 위험 (“danger”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 危 | 險 |

### Noun

危險
* chữ Hán form of nguy hiểm (“danger”).

### Adjective

危險
* chữ Hán form of nguy hiểm (“dangerous”).