# -tta
## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-tːɑ/, [-t̪ːɑ̝]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-tta, from Proto-Uralic *-pta.

#### Suffix

-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA)
* Suffix for the abessive case: without

##### Usage notes

* Suffixed to the genitive stem in the singular, to the same stem as the inessive in the plural.
* Not very commonly used outside of set phrases, especially the singular forms. The only abessive forms still in general use are abessive forms of the third infinitive.
* See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the abessive case is used.

##### Synonyms

* (without): ilman (+ partitive, preposition), vailla (+ partitive, preposition)

##### Derived terms

* -ti (has developed into the general abessive case suffix in most Nyland and South Tavastian dialects)

### Etymology 2

Derived from the assimilated final consonant of the stem, *k or *h, plus the partitive suffix -ta.

#### Suffix

-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA)
* A suffix for the partitive singular.

##### Usage notes

* Used predominantly for words whose nominative singular ends in -e and which lengthen that final -e in other singular cases, as well as for ordinal numerals starting from kolmas. Traditionally also for ori.
* See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the partitive case is used.

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Finnic *-tta, from Proto-Finno-Permic *-kta.

#### Suffix

-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA)
* Forms certain adverbs, typically of manner.

##### Derived terms

* -ti

### Etymology 4

Possibly from Proto-Finnic *-tta, if *aitta contains this suffix; otherwise there are no corresponding forms even in the other Finnic languages. Alternatively, examples of this suffix may instead originally represent contractions from aitta, like most of -tto words as well, except for literary coinages.

#### Suffix

-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA) (rare)
* Forms some nouns, generally for places.

##### Usage notes

Suffixed to the weak stem and appears to cause the final -a- to change to -e- in the same way as -mpi, -ella, -ntaa, -eta do. This may, however, be a gap in data, as karjetta and ometta may both be formed analogously to navetta, and the suffix -tto (which is derived from -tta) does not appear to exhibit this behavior.

##### Derived terms

* -tto

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tːɒ]

### Suffix

-tta
* (past-tense suffix) Forms the third-person singular past tense of verbs (definite conjugation).
    ‎ró (“to carve”) + ‎-tta → ‎rótta (“he/she (has/had) carved”)
* (verbal-participle suffix) Forms the verbal participle of certain verbs, always following the agent noun.
    ‎szí (“to suck”) + ‎-tta → ‎[nap]szítta [haj] (“[hair] bleached by [the sun]”, literally “sun-sucked hair”)

#### Usage notes

* (past-tense and verbal-participle suffix) Variants:
    -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs
    -te is added to most front-vowel verbs
    -tta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, rí, szí; ó, ró; fú)
    -tte is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (lő, nő, sző; nyű)
    -otta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, nyit, except lát)
    -ette is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)
    -ötte is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)
* (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
    -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs
    -te is added to most front-vowel verbs
    -tte is added to front-vowel verbs that originally ended in a vowel (like jön, originally jő)
    -ata is added to back-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like hall)
    -ete is added to front-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like kell)

### See also

* Category:Hungarian verb forms
* Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

### Further reading

* Károly, Sándor. Az istenadta-féle szerkezetek személyragos tagjának szófaji jellegéről (“On the part of speech of the personal-suffixed elements of istenadta [‘God-given’]-like structures”). In: Nyelvtudományi Közlemények (“Linguistic Publications”), vol. 59 (1957), pp. 130–150.
* Simonyi, Zsigmond. Isten-adta (“God-given”). In: Magyar Nyelvőr (“Hungarian Language Guardian”), vol. XXXVI (1907), pp. 16–35 in the offprint (issue 5, May 15 in the original, pp. 193–205, 264–271).

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* -tta (Latin script)
* & (Brahmi script)
* & (Devanagari script)
* & (Bengali script)
* -ත‍්ත (Sinhalese script)
* & or & (Burmese script)
* & or & (Thai script)
* & (Tai Tham script)
* & or & (Lao script)
* & (Khmer script)
* & (Chakma script)

### Suffix

-tta
* This suffix forms a class of neuter abstract nouns from adjectives and nouns, and express the state, nature or quality of being that which is denoted by the adjective or noun.
    Synonym: -tā