OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# formosentar
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From formoso (“beautiful”) +‎ -entar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /foʁ.mo.zẽˈta(ʁ)/ [foɦ.mo.zẽˈta(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /foʁ.mo.zẽˈta(ʁ)/ [foɦ.mo.zẽˈta(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /foɾ.mo.zẽˈta(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /foʁ.mo.zẽˈta(ʁ)/ [foʁ.mo.zẽˈta(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /foɻ.mo.zẽˈta(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /fuɾ.mu.zẽˈtaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /fuɾ.mu.zẽˈtaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /fuɾ.mu.zẽˈta.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: for‧mo‧sen‧tar

### Verb

formosentar (first-person singular present formosento, first-person singular preterite formosentei, past participle formosentado)
* (transitive) to embellish, to adorn
    Synonyms: aformosentar, aformosear, adornar, enfeitar
* (pronominal) to beautify oneself, to adorn oneself
    formosentar-seto beautify oneself

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

### Further reading

* “formosentar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
# Lanshan
## English
### Etymology

From Mandarin 嵐山／岚山.

### Proper noun

Lanshan
* A district of Rizhao, Shandong, China.
# Pobrežie Slonoviny
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɔbreʒi̯e slɔnɔvini]

### Noun

Pobrežie Slonoviny n
* Côte d'Ivoire

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Pobrežie Slonoviny”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# suratkan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

surat +‎ -kan

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /suˈratkan/ [suˈrat̪̚.kan]
* Rhymes: -atkan
* Syllabification: su‧rat‧kan

### Verb

suratkan (active menyuratkan, passive disuratkan)
* (transitive) to write message for someone
# culture war
## English
### Etymology

Calque of German Kulturkampf.

### Noun

culture war (plural culture wars)
* (rare) A political struggle for control over cultural institutions.
* (often in the plural) Conflict between different ideological groups, especially political conflict for cultural dominance between liberals and conservatives in the United States.
** 1999, Nick Gillespie, “All Culture, All the Time”, in Reason:Little wonder, then, that stories about the “culture wars” have been burning up the pages of newspapers, magazines, and intellectual journals for the past few years: There’s so much more to fight about these days.
** 2015, Chris Lehmann, “The Candidates”, in London Review of Books, volume 37, number 12:Bush’s other accomplishments in office include […] prolonging the life of the severely brain-damaged Terri Schiavo in a cynical bid to burnish his culture wars résumé.
** 2016 March 11, Jennifer Coates, “I Am A Transwoman. I Am In The Closet. I Am Not Coming Out.”, in Medium‎:I am thirteen years old. The internet has arrived and I have learned with some relief that there is, at least for now, a condition called Gender Identity Disorder. I do not know that in the next decade there will be waged culture wars over what is the best thing to call me — nor that they will happen on this very internet.
** 2019 August 15, Charlie Warzel, “How an Online Mob Created a Playbook for a Culture War”, in New York Times‎:This false premise of video game industry collusion spiraled into an online culture war, ensnaring female gaming critics like Anita Sarkeesian and other designers like Brianna Wu who would suffer months of relentless abuse on and offline.
** 2023 May 16, Peter Walker, quoting Michael Gove, “Michael Gove says Tories will not win election with culture wars”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:Conservatives need to recognise that elections are won on economics and public services rather than culture wars, Michael Gove has said in what will be seen as a rebuke to Suella Braverman.
** 2023 October 18, Christian Wolmar, “The back of a fag packet used for unworkable rail plans”, in RAIL, number 994, page 44:Ignoring the fact that there was a big swing anyway, and that the Tory majority went down to fewer than 500 votes, the Conservatives now seem to be basing their entire election strategy for the forthcoming General Election on breaking the former consensus on net zero and turning the environment debate into one big culture war.

#### Usage notes

* Mostly used to refer to conflict in the 1980s onward, with the 1960s regarded as a different generation.

#### See also

* culture warrior

### Further reading

* culture war on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# luftfarkostens
## Swedish
### Noun

luftfarkostens
* definite genitive singular of luftfarkost
# Bramshott and Liphook
## English
### Proper noun

Bramshott and Liphook
* A civil parish in East Hampshire district, Hampshire, England, that includes the named places.

### References

* Parish map
# personal protective equipment
## English
### Noun

personal protective equipment
* Clothing, helmets, goggles, and other garments and equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury or infection.

#### Alternative forms

* (initialism) PPE

#### Translations
### Further reading

* personal protective equipment on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# skrutíniový
## Slovak
### Etymology

From skrutínium +‎ -ový.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈskrutiːniɔviː]

### Adjective

skrutíniový (not comparable, no adverb)
* (relational) vote counting

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “skrutíniový”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# odontólogas
## Portuguese
### Noun

odontólogas
* plural of odontóloga

## Spanish
### Noun

odontólogas f pl
* plural of odontóloga
# octadecadienoate
## English
### Etymology

From octadecadienoic acid +‎ -ate (“salt or ester”).

### Noun

octadecadienoate (plural octadecadienoates)
* (chemistry) Any salt or ester of octadecadienoic acid.
# інституціоналізм
## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [instetʊt͡sʲiɔnɐˈlʲizm]

### Noun

інституціоналі́зм • (instytucionalízm) m inan (genitive інституціоналі́зму, uncountable)
* institutionalism
# pressurization
## English
### Alternative forms

* pressurisation

### Etymology

From pressure +‎ -ization.

### Noun

pressurization (countable and uncountable, plural pressurizations)
* The act or process of increasing pressure within a volume of space.
    Antonym: depressurization

#### Related terms

* pressurize
# вентиляторный
## Russian
### Etymology

вентиля́тор (ventiljátor) +‎ -ный (-nyj)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [vʲɪnʲtʲɪˈlʲatərnɨj]

### Adjective

вентиля́торный • (ventiljátornyj)
* (relational) fan, ventilator
# lâm chung
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 臨終.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ləm˧˧ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ləm˧˧ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ləm˧˧ cʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

### Adjective

lâm chung
* (literary) about to pass away, on one's deathbed
** 2016, chapter 7, in Nguyễn Đức Vịnh, transl., Đừng nói chuyện với cô ấy, part I, NXB Phụ Nữ, translation of 别和她说话 by Yù Jǐn (Ngộ Cẩn):"Điểm trùng khớp ớ đây chắc hẳn chính là việc lúc lâm chung cha anh ta đã không an bài sẵn con đường sau này cho anh ta rồi.""The concurrence here is certainly the fact that, before passing away, his father had not set out his future for him."
# pães
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpɐ̃j̃s/ [ˈpɐ̃ɪ̯̃s]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpɐ̃j̃s/ [ˈpɐ̃ɪ̯̃s]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈpɐ̃j̃ʃ/ [ˈpɐ̃ɪ̯̃ʃ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈpɐ̃j̃ʃ/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -ɐ̃j̃s, (Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -ɐ̃j̃ʃ
* Hyphenation: pães

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

pães m pl
* plural of pão

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

pães
* plural of pãe
# macierzysty
## Polish
### Etymology

From macierz +‎ -ysty.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ma.t͡ɕɛˈʐɘs.tɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘstɘ
* Syllabification: ma‧cie‧rzys‧ty

### Adjective

macierzysty (comparative bardziej macierzysty, superlative najbardziej macierzysty, no derived adverb)
* indigenous
* parental

#### Declension
### Further reading

* macierzysty in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* macierzysty in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# abasaliahana
## Halia
### Noun

abasaliahana
* a ghost who kills a person by eating their insides, associated with payback sorcery

### References

* ALLEN, Jerry, et al. Halia dictionary. Dictionaries of Papua New Guinea, 1982, vol. 6.
# metalhead
## English
### Etymology

From metal +‎ -head.

### Noun

metalhead (plural metalheads)
* (informal) Someone who listens to (is a fan of) heavy metal music.

#### Synonyms

* headbanger
* metaller

#### See also

* hesher
# yrja
## Old Norse
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *uzjǭ.

### Noun

yrja f
* fire

#### Derived terms

* eimyrja f (“embers”)

#### Descendants

* Old Swedish: øria f
# konsyensya
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /konsˈjensja/ [kon̪ˈʃɛn̪.ʃɐ]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /konsˈjensja/ [kon̪sˈjɛn̪s.jɐ]
* Rhymes: -ensja
* Syllabification: kons‧yens‧ya

### Noun

konsyensya (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)
* Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of konsiyensiya.

#### Usage notes

* This spelling does not follow the rule of double vowel clusters with an /i/ or /u/ as the first vowel when at the start of a word or when following a double consonant (where the standard is to retain the vowel cluster and add a ⟨y⟩ or ⟨w⟩ in between). See Appendix:Tagalog spellings for details.
# तिहिवार
## Apabhramsa
### Etymology

From तिहि (tihi) +‎ वार (vāra).

### Noun

तिहिवार (tihivāra) m
* occasion
** c. 1020, Vir, Jambu-Sami-Chariu 3.4.1:सुह-नक्खत्त-जोए तिहिवारए पुण्णिमइंद-वयणउ।suha-nakkhatta-joe tihivārae puṇṇimaïṃda-vayaṇaü.Auspicious heavenly bodies at the date and time of their coming together have the appearance of the full moon.

#### Descendants

* Central Indo-Aryan:
** Eastern Hindi:
*** Old Awadhi: tevahāra, tihibāra
    Devanagari script: तेवहार, तिहिबार
    Kaithi script: 𑂞𑂵𑂫𑂯𑂰𑂩, 𑂞𑂱𑂯𑂱𑂥𑂰𑂩
**** Bagheli: तेउहार (teuhār)
**** Chhattisgarhi: तिहार (tihār)
** Western Hindi:
*** Braj: तिहवार (tihvār), त्योहार (tyohār)
*** Bundeli: तेहार (tehār)
*** Hindustani:
    Hindi: त्योहार (tyohār)
    Urdu: تِہْوار (tihvār), تِیوہَار (tiyohār) (dated)
**** → Gujarati: ત્યોહાર (tyohār)
* Eastern Indo-Aryan:
** Bihari:
*** Angika: tihᵊvār
    Devanagari script: तिहवार
    Kaithi script: 𑂞𑂱𑂯𑂫𑂰𑂩
*** Bhojpuri: tihᵊvār, tihār, tihuār, tēvᵊhār, tēhᵊvār
    Devanagari script: तिहवार, तिहार, तिहुआर, तेवहार, तेहवार
    Kaithi script: 𑂞𑂱𑂯𑂫𑂰𑂩, 𑂞𑂱𑂯𑂰𑂩, 𑂞𑂱𑂯𑂳𑂄𑂩, 𑂞𑂵𑂫𑂯𑂰𑂩, 𑂞𑂵𑂯𑂫𑂰𑂩
*** Magahi: tēhᵊvār
    Devanagari script: तेहवार
    Kaithi script: 𑂞𑂵𑂯𑂫𑂰𑂩
*** Maithili: tihār
    Devanagari script: तिहार
    Tirhuta script: 𑒞𑒱𑒯𑒰𑒩
** Halbi: तीआर
** Odia: ତିହାର (tihāra)
* Northern Indo-Aryan:
** Central Pahari:
*** Garhwali: त्यह्वार (tyahvār)
** Eastern Pahari:
*** Nepali: तिहार (tihār)
** Western Pahari:
*** Dogri: tyahār
    Devanagari script: त्यहार
    Dogra script: 𑠙𑠹𑠣𑠪𑠬𑠤
* Northwestern Aryan:
** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਤਿਉਹਾਰ (tiuhār), ਤਿਓਹਾਰ (tiohār)
    Shahmukhi script: تِیوہار (tīvhār)
** Sindhi: tihāṛo
    Arabic script: تِهاڙو
    Devanagari script: तिहाड़ो
    Khudawadi script: 𑋍𑋡𑋞𑋠𑋊𑋧
* Western Indo-Aryan:
** Gujarati: તહેવાર (tahevār), તેહેવાર (tehevār)
*** → Marathi: tehevār — Baroda
    Devanagari script: तेहेवार
    Modi script: 𑘝𑘹𑘮𑘹𑘪𑘰𑘨
** Malvi: तेवार (tevār)
** Marwari:
    Devanagari script: तिव्हार (tivhār), तिंवार (timvār), तिहवार (tihvār), तेंवार (tẽvār), तेंहवार (tẽhvār), तैवार (taivār)
    Mahajani script: 𑅣𑅑𑅯𑅱𑅭 (tivhr /⁠tivhār⁠/), 𑅣𑅑𑅧𑅯𑅭 (tinvr /⁠timvār⁠/), 𑅣𑅑𑅱𑅯𑅭 (tihvr /⁠tihvār⁠/), 𑅣𑅓𑅧𑅯𑅭 (tenvr /⁠tẽvār⁠/), 𑅣𑅓𑅧𑅱𑅯𑅭 (tenhvr /⁠tẽhvār⁠/), 𑅣𑅑𑅯𑅭 (tivr /⁠taivār⁠/)
** Nimadi: तिव्हार (tivhār)
** Wagdi: तेवार

### Further reading

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*tithivāra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 331
# hakkima
## Estonian
### Etymology

From German hacken.

### Verb

hakkima (da-infinitive hakkida)
* to hack, to chop
* (colloquial) to lag, to be choppy

#### Derived terms

* hakk-
# točitý
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtot͡ʃɪtiː]
* Hyphenation: to‧či‧tý

### Adjective

točitý (comparative točitější, superlative nejtočitější)
* windy, twisty, spiral, curly

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “točitý”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “točitý”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “točitý”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# lingeringness
## English
### Etymology

From lingering +‎ -ness.

### Noun

lingeringness (uncountable)
* The state or condition of being lingering.
# नख़रा
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian نخرا (naxrā).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /nəx.ɾɑː/, [nɐx.ɾäː], /nəkʰ.ɾɑː/, [nɐkʰ.ɾäː]

### Noun

नख़रा • (naxrā) m (Urdu spelling نخرا)
* mannerism, airs
* whining, complaining
# scaring someone out of their wits
## English
### Verb

scaring someone out of their wits
* present participle and gerund of scare someone out of their wits
# griþod
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡri.θod/, [ˈɡri.ðod]

### Participle

griþod
* past participle of griþian
# griþodon
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡri.θo.don/, [ˈɡri.ðo.don]

### Verb

griþodon
* plural preterite indicative of griþian
# giisi
## Gagauz
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish كَیَسِی (gėyäsi). Related to giimää. Compare Turkish giysi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɟiːˈsi/
* Hyphenation: gii‧si

### Noun

giisi
* clothing, garment
    gözäl giisi giimääto wear beautiful garments

### Further reading

* Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 71
# palm wine
## English
### Alternative forms

* palm-wine

### Noun

palm wine (countable and uncountable, plural palm wines)
* The alcoholic drink toddy.
* A genre of popular music most closely associated with mid-20th-century Sierra Leone.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* wine palm
# žindava
## Old Czech
### Alternative forms

* zindava

### Noun

žindava f
* sanicle

#### Descendants

* Czech: žindava

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “žindava”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
# мнясо
## Carpathian Rusyn
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *męso, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗms. Compare Polish mięso; Russian мясо (mjaso); Serbo-Croatian meso; Slovene meso; Ukrainian мнясо (mnjaso).

### Noun

мнясо • (mnjaso) n
* meat
    Мнясо з куркы і яйця, попри других стравах, были рітуалныма їдлами. Славян. ― Mnjaso z kurkŷ i jajcja, popry druhyx stravax, bŷly ritualnŷma jidlamy. Slavjan. ― Chicken meat and eggs as well as other dishes were ritual for the Slavs.

## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmnʲasɔ]

### Noun

мня́со • (mnjáso) n inan (genitive мня́са, uncountable, relational adjective мнясни́й, diminutive мнясце́)
* (dialectal) Alternative form of м'я́со (mʺjáso)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “мня́со”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “мня́со”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
# grædignessa
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡræː.dij.nes.sɑ/

### Noun

grǣdiġnessa
* nominative/accusative/genitive plural of grǣdiġnes
# grafan
## Icelandic
### Noun

grafan
* definite nominative singular of grafa

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *graban (“to dig, scrape”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡrɑ.fɑn/, [ˈɡrɑ.vɑn]

### Verb

grafan
* to dig, dig up
* to grave; engrave, chisel, carve

#### Derived terms

* begrafan

#### Related terms

* grafet
* græf

#### Descendants

* Middle English: graven, grafe, grave, gravyn
** English: grave (obsolete)
*** ⇒ English: engrave
** Scots: grave
# رفت
## Arabic
### Verb

رَفَّتْ • (raffat) (form I) /raf.fat/
* third-person feminine singular past active of رَفَّ (raffa)

## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ˈɾaft]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rǽft̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rǽft̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [rǽft̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [rǽft̪]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɹǽft̪]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɾǽft̪]
* Rhymes: -aft

### Verb

رفت • (raft)
* past stem form of رفتن (raftan)
# agnostika
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From English agnostic. Either from Ancient Greek ἄγνωστος (ágnōstos, “ignorant, not knowing”) or from a- + Gnostic. Deriving (either way) from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not”) + γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I know”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [aɡnosˈtika]
* Rhymes: -ika
* Hyphenation: ag‧nos‧ti‧ka

### Adjective

agnostika (accusative singular agnostikan, plural agnostikaj, accusative plural agnostikajn)
* agnostic

#### Derived terms

* agnostikismo (“agnosticism”)
* agnostikulo (“agnostic”)

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish agnóstica.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaɡˈnostika/ [ʔɐɡˌn̪os.t̪ɪˈxa]
* Rhymes: -ostika
* Syllabification: ag‧nos‧ti‧ka

### Noun

agnóstiká (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ)
* female equivalent of agnostiko

### Adjective

agnóstiká (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ)
* feminine of agnostiko
# roughneck
## English
### Etymology

From rough +‎ neck, originally "someone who works a manual labour job".

### Noun

roughneck (plural roughnecks)
* (colloquial, chiefly US) Someone with rough manners; a rowdy or uncouth person. [from 19th c.]
    Coordinate term: redneck
** 2019, Bernardine Evaristo, Girl, Woman, Other, Penguin Books (2020), page 202:LaTisha has long wanted to show Carole sheʼs not the roughneck she used to be, the roughneck who wasnʼt good enough to be her friend.
* (colloquial, chiefly US) An ironworker; a dirty or low-paid worker, a labourer. [from 20th c.]
    Synonym: roustabout
* (colloquial, chiefly US) A labourer on an oil rig. [from 20th c.]
    Synonym: roustabout
** 1992, Elmer P. Wheaton, “William Bradford Whitehill Rand”, in Memorial Tributes: Volume 5, page 234:This first ship had a small geophysical-type drilling rig mounted over the side of the ship with a steel grid runround for the roughnecks, who stood in knee-deep water while making connections or pulling the drill string.
** 2013, Philipp Meyer, The Son, Simon & Schuster, published 2014, page 286:As for the minerals, there has been a good deal of drilling along the big river; trucks and roughnecks no longer garner any notice.

#### See also

* leatherneck
* oil trash
* roughneck on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Verb

roughneck (third-person singular simple present roughnecks, present participle roughnecking, simple past and past participle roughnecked)
* To work as a laborer on an oil rig.
** 2009 January 13, Michael Brick, “Racing's Last Frontier”, in New York Times‎:There was a time not long ago when this region appeared as some enduring mystification, its citizenry best known for roughnecking on the North Slope […]
# rumilus
## Finnish
### Etymology

ruma (“ugly”) +‎ -lus; the -i- appears to be irregular.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrumilus/, [ˈrumilus̠]
* Rhymes: -umilus
* Syllabification: ru‧mi‧lus

### Noun

rumilus
* An ugly person or creature.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of rumilus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) :

### Further reading

* “rumilus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
# rattus
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* ratus

### Etymology

Borrowed from a Germanic language, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rattaz (“rat”).

### Noun

rattus m (variously declined, genitive rattī or rattūs); second declension, fourth declension
* (Medieval Latin) rat

#### Usage notes

In Classical Latin, the word mūs was applied to both mice and rats without distinction.

#### Declension

Second-declension noun or fourth-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | rattus | rattī rattūs |
| Genitive | rattī rattūs | rattōrum rattuum |
| Dative | rattō rattuī | rattīs rattibus |
| Accusative | rattum | rattōs rattūs |
| Ablative | rattō rattū | rattīs rattibus |
| Vocative | ratte rattus | rattī rattūs |

#### Descendants

* Asturian: ratu
* Catalan: rata
* Galician: rato
* Italian: ratto
* Old French: rat, rate
** Middle French: rat
*** French: rat
* Portuguese: rato
* Spanish: rata, rato, ⇒ ratón
* Translingual: Rattus, Rattus rattus

### References

* rattus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887) ratus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887) [note: du Cange has only second declension forms and no fourth declension form]
# 美學
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): měixué
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄟˇ ㄒㄩㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mei$^5$ hok$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bí-ha̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: měixué
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˇ ㄒㄩㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: měisyué
*** Wade–Giles: mei$^3$-hsüeh$^2$
*** Yale: měi-sywé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meeishyue
*** Palladius: мэйсюэ (mɛjsjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mei$^5$ hok$^6$
*** Yale: méih hohk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mei$^5$ hok$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: méi$^5$ hog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mei̯¹³ hɔːk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bí-ha̍k
*** Tâi-lô: bí-ha̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: by'hak
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hak̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hak̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hak̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hak̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hak̚⁴/

### Noun

美學
* aesthetics

#### Related terms

* 審美／审美 (shěnměi)

## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of 美學 – see the following entry. :
| 【美学びがく】 | [noun] aesthetics |
(This term, 美學, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 美 | 學 |

### Noun

美學 • (mihak) (hangeul 미학)
* hanja form of 미학 (“aesthetics”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 美 | 學 |

### Noun

美學
* chữ Hán form of mĩ học (“aesthetics”).
# vaničky
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvaɲɪt͡ʃkɪ]

### Noun

vaničky
* inflection of vanička:
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural
** genitive singular
# materialization
## English
### Alternative forms

* materialisation

### Etymology

From material +‎ -ization and materialize +‎ -ation.

### Pronunciation

Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

materialization (countable and uncountable, plural materializations)
* The conversion of something into a physical form.
** 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:"But I went under nicely and I am glad there were some fine materializations."
** 1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 187:"Steamed fish and chicken and vegetable soup and even mushrooms are considered cooling foods, edible materializations of the yang, the pure primal air. The yin, or earth element, inheres in fried dishes and especially in shark's fin soup. Am I right, Mr Lee?"
** 2015, Gabriele Brandstetter, Poetics of Dance, page 291:The Triadic Ballet was an antiballet: Schlemmer's model of theater was not influenced by the physical techniques and spatial perspective of ballet, but by the materialization of abstract principles of space and movement in the total mask of the costume.
* (physics) The conversion of energy into mass.
* (databases) The creation of a temporary table containing the results of a database query.
# passive photolocation
## English
### Noun

passive photolocation (uncountable)
* (ichthyology) The use of standard vision in order to locate objects in the environment.
    Coordinate term: active photolocation