# ⲱϥ
## Coptic
### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* ⲱϥⲉ (ōfe), ⲱⲃⲉ (ōbe), ⲱⲃ (ōb) — Sahidic
* ⲱϥⲓ (ōfi) — Bohairic

#### Verb

ⲱϥ • (ōf) (nominal state (S) ⲉϥ-, or (S) ⲱϥ-, pronominal state (S) ⲟϥ⸗, (A) ⲁϥ⸗)
* (Sahidic, Akhmimic) to press

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲱϥ ōf | imperative | affirmative | ⲱϥ ōf |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲱϥ, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲱϥ tm̄ōf, tm̄n̄ōf | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄n̄ōf |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲱϥ tiōf | ⲕⲱϥ kōf | ⲧⲉⲱϥ teōf | ϥⲱϥ fōf | ⲥⲱϥ sōf | ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ tn̄ōf | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ tetn̄ōf | ⲥⲉⲱϥ seōf | ⲱϥ ōf |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ eïōf | ⲉⲕⲱϥ ekōf | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ ereōf | ⲉϥⲱϥ efōf | ⲉⲥⲱϥ esōf | ⲉⲛⲱϥ enōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etetn̄ōf | ⲉⲩⲱϥ euōf | ⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ e- ōf, ere- ōf |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲱϥ etiōf | ⲉⲧⲕⲱϥ etkōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ eteōf, etereōf | ⲉⲧϥⲱϥ etfōf | ⲉⲧⲥⲱϥ etsōf | ⲉⲧⲛⲱϥ etnōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etetn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ etouōf | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ ete- ōf, etere- ōf |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ naïōf | ⲛⲁⲕⲱϥ nakōf | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ nareōf | ⲛⲁϥⲱϥ nafōf | ⲛⲁⲥⲱϥ nasōf | ⲛⲁⲛⲱϥ nanōf | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ natetn̄ōf | ⲛⲁⲩⲱϥ nauōf | ⲛⲁ- ⲱϥ, ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ na- ōf, nare- ōf |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲱϥ aiōf | ⲁⲕⲱϥ akōf | ⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ areōf | ⲁϥⲱϥ afōf | ⲁⲥⲱϥ asōf | ⲁⲛⲱϥ anōf | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϥ aretenōf | ⲁⲩⲱϥ auōf | ⲁ- ⲱϥ, ⲁⲣ- ⲱϥ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ a- ōf, ar- ōf, are- ōf |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲱϥ tinaōf | ⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ knaōf | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ tenaōf | ϥⲛⲁⲱϥ fnaōf | ⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ snaōf | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥ tn̄naōf | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ tetnaōf | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ senaōf | ⲛⲁⲱϥ naōf |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϥ eïnaōf | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ eknaōf | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ erenaōf | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϥ efnaōf | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ esnaōf | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϥ ennaōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ etetnaōf | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϥ eunaōf | ⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ e- naōf |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲱϥ etinaōf | ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ etknaōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ etenaōf, eterenaōf | ⲉⲧϥⲛⲁⲱϥ etfnaōf | ⲉⲧⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ etsnaōf | ⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⲱϥ etnnaōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ etetnaōf | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲱϥ etounaōf | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ ete- naōf |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϥ naïnaōf | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ naknaōf | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ narenaōf | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲱϥ nafnaōf | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ nasnaōf | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲱϥ nannaōf | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ netetnaōf | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲱϥ naunaōf | ⲛⲁ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ na- naōf |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲱϥ ainaōf | ⲁⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ aknaōf, eknaōf | ⲁⲣⲁⲱϥ araōf | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲱϥ afnaōf | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ asnaōf | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲱϥ annaōf | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϥ aretennaōf | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲱϥ aunaōf | ⲁ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ a- naōf, are- naōf |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ aïōf | ⲁⲕⲱϥ akōf | ⲁⲣⲱϥ arōf | ⲁϥⲱϥ afōf | ⲁⲥⲱϥ asōf | ⲁⲛⲱϥ anōf | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ atetn̄ōf | ⲁⲩⲱϥ auōf | ⲁ- ⲱϥ a- ōf |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ m̄piōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ m̄pk̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ m̄peōf, m̄pr̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ m̄pf̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ m̄ps̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄pn̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄petn̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ m̄pouōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ m̄pe- ōf |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ eaïōf | ⲉⲁⲕⲱϥ eakōf | ⲉⲁⲣⲱϥ earōf | ⲉⲁϥⲱϥ eafōf | ⲉⲁⲥⲱϥ easōf | ⲉⲁⲛⲱϥ eanōf | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ eatetn̄ōf | ⲉⲁⲩⲱϥ eauōf | ⲉⲁ- ⲱϥ ea- ōf |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ em̄piōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ em̄pk̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ em̄peōf, em̄pr̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ em̄pf̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ em̄ps̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄pn̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄petn̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ em̄pouōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ em̄pe- ōf |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ etaïōf | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲱϥ etakōf | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲱϥ etarōf | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲱϥ etafōf | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲱϥ etasōf | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲱϥ etanōf | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etatetn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲱϥ etauōf | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲱϥ eta- ōf |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ etem̄piōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pk̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ etem̄peōf, etem̄pr̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pf̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄ps̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄petn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ etem̄pouōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ etem̄pe- ōf |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ neaïōf | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲱϥ neakōf | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲱϥ nearōf | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲱϥ neafōf | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱϥ neasōf | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲱϥ neanōf | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ neatetn̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲱϥ neauōf | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲱϥ nea- ōf |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ nem̄piōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pk̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ nem̄peōf, nem̄pr̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pf̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄ps̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pn̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄petn̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ nem̄pouōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ nem̄pe- ōf |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ naïōf | ⲛⲁⲕⲱϥ nakōf | ⲛⲁⲣⲱϥ narōf | ⲛⲁϥⲱϥ nafōf | ⲛⲁⲥⲱϥ nasōf | ⲛⲁⲛⲱϥ nanōf | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ natetn̄ōf | ⲛⲁⲩⲱϥ nauōf | ⲛⲁ- ⲱϥ na- ōf |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ m̄patiōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ m̄patk̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ m̄pateōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ m̄patf̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ m̄pats̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄patn̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄patetn̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ m̄patouōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ m̄pate- ōf |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ em̄patiōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ em̄patk̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ em̄pateōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ em̄patf̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ em̄pats̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄patn̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄patetn̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ em̄patouōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ em̄pate- ōf |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ etem̄patiōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patk̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ etem̄pateōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patf̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pats̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patetn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ etem̄patouōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ etem̄pate- ōf |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ nem̄patiōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patk̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ nem̄pateōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patf̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pats̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patn̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patetn̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ nem̄patouōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ nem̄pate- ōf |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ xareïōf | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ xarekōf | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ xareōf | ⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ xarefōf | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ xaresōf | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϥ xarenōf | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ xaretetn̄ōf | ⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ xarouōf | ⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ xare- ōf |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ maïōf | ⲙⲁⲕⲱϥ makōf | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ mareōf | ⲙⲁϥⲱϥ mafōf | ⲙⲁⲥⲱϥ masōf | ⲙⲁⲛⲱϥ manōf | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ matetn̄ōf | ⲙⲁⲩⲱϥ mauōf | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲙⲁ- ⲱϥ mare- ōf, ma- ōf |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ exareïōf | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ exarekōf | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ exareōf | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ exarefōf | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ exaresōf | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϥ exarenōf | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ exaretetn̄ōf | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ exarouōf | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ exare- ōf |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ emaïōf | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲱϥ emakōf | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ emareōf | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲱϥ emafōf | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲱϥ emasōf | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲱϥ emanōf | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ ematetn̄ōf | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲱϥ emauōf | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲉⲙⲁ- ⲱϥ emare- ōf, ema- ōf |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ etexareïōf, etxareïōf | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ etexarekōf, etxarekōf | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ etexareōf, etxareōf | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ etexarefōf, etxarefōf | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ etexaresōf, etxaresōf | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϥ etexarenōf, etxarenōf | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etexaretetn̄ōf, etxaretetn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ etexarouōf, etxarouōf | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ etexare- ōf, etxare- ōf |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ etemaïōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⲱϥ etemakōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ etemareōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⲱϥ etemafōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⲱϥ etemasōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⲱϥ etemanōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etematetn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⲱϥ etemauōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ- ⲱϥ etemare- ōf, etema- ōf |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ nexareïōf | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ nexarekōf | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ nexareōf | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ nexarefōf | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ nexaresōf | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϥ nexarenōf | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nexaretetn̄ōf | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ nexarouōf | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ nexare- ōf |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ nemaïōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⲱϥ nemakōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ nemareōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⲱϥ nemafōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⲱϥ nemasōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⲱϥ nemanōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nematetn̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⲱϥ nemauōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲛⲉⲙⲁ- ⲱϥ nemare- ōf, nema- ōf |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ amaïōf | ⲁⲙⲁⲕⲱϥ amakōf | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ amareōf | ⲁⲙⲁϥⲱϥ amafōf | ⲁⲙⲁⲥⲱϥ amasōf | ⲁⲙⲁⲛⲱϥ amanōf | ⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ amatetn̄ōf | ⲁⲙⲁⲩⲱϥ amauōf | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲙⲁ- ⲱϥ amare- ōf, ma- ōf |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲱϥ aïaōf | ⲁⲕⲁⲱϥ akaōf | ⲁⲣⲁⲱϥ araōf | ⲁϥⲁⲱϥ afaōf | ⲁⲥⲁⲱϥ asaōf | ⲁⲛⲁⲱϥ anaōf | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ atetnaōf | ⲁⲩⲁⲱϥ auaōf | ⲁ- ⲱϥ a- ōf |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ naōf, enaōf | ⲛⲉⲕⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲱϥ nekōf, enekōf | ⲛⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲉⲱϥ neōf, eneōf | ⲛⲉϥⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲉϥⲱϥ nefōf, enefōf | ⲛⲉⲥⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱϥ nesōf, enesōf | ⲛⲉⲛⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲱϥ nenōf, enenōf | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ netn̄ōf, enetn̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲩⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲱϥ neuōf, eneuōf | ⲛⲉ- ⲱϥ ne- ōf |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲱϥ mariōf | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ marefōf | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ maresōf | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥ marn̄ōf | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ marouōf | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ mare- ōf |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϥ mn̄taōf | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ mn̄tf̄ōf | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ mn̄ts̄ōf | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ mn̄tn̄ōf | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ mn̄touōf | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ mn̄te- ōf |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲱϥ taōf | ⲕⲱϥ kōf | ⲧⲉⲱϥ teōf | ϥⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧϥⲱϥ fōf, n̄tfōf | ⲥⲱϥ sōf | ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ tn̄ōf | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ tetn̄ōf | ⲥⲉⲱϥ, ⲥⲟⲩⲱϥ seōf, souōf | ⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ te- ōf |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϥ tariōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ tarekōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ tareōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ tarefōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ taresōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥ tarn̄ōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ taretetn̄ōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ tarouōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ tare- ōf |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϥ n̄tariōf, tariōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ n̄tarekōf, tarekōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ n̄tareōf, tareōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ n̄tarefōf, tarefōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ n̄taresōf, taresōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥ n̄tarn̄ōf, tarn̄ōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ n̄taretn̄ōf, taretn̄ōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ n̄tarouōf, tarouōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ n̄tare- ōf, tare- ōf |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲱϥ šatiōf | ϣⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ šatk̄ōf | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ šateōf | ϣⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ šatf̄ōf | ϣⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ šats̄ōf | ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ šatn̄ōf | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ šatetn̄ōf | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ šatouōf | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ šate- ōf |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲱϥ aïšaōf, eïšaōf | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲕϣⲁⲱϥ akšaōf, ekšaōf | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲱϥ arešaōf, erešaōf | ⲁϥϣⲁⲱϥ, ⲉϥϣⲁⲱϥ afšaōf, efšaōf | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲥϣⲁⲱϥ asšaōf, esšaōf | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲛϣⲁⲱϥ anšaōf, enšaōf | ⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ ašatetn̄ōf, ešatetn̄ōf | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲩϣⲁⲱϥ aušaōf, eušaōf | ⲁϣⲁ- ⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁ- ⲱϥ aša- ōf, eša- ōf |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ aïōf | ⲁⲕⲱϥ akōf | ⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ areōf | ⲁϥⲱϥ afōf | ⲁⲥⲱϥ asōf | ⲁⲛⲱϥ anōf | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ atetn̄ōf | ⲁⲩⲱϥ auōf | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ are- ōf |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲱϥ ōf | imperative | affirmative | ⲱϥ ōf |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲱϥ tm̄ōf | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ m̄pr̄ōf |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲱϥ tiōf | ⲕⲱϥ kōf | ⲧⲉⲱϥ teōf | ϥⲱϥ fōf | ⲥⲱϥ sōf | ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ tn̄ōf | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ tetn̄ōf | ⲥⲉⲱϥ seōf | ⲱϥ ōf |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ eïōf | ⲉⲕⲱϥ ekōf | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ ereōf | ⲉϥⲱϥ efōf | ⲉⲥⲱϥ esōf | ⲉⲛⲱϥ enōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etetn̄ōf | ⲉⲩⲱϥ euōf | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ ere- ōf |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲱϥ etiōf | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ etk̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ eteōf, etereōf | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ etf̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ ets̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etetn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ etouōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ etere- ōf |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ neïōf | ⲛⲉⲕⲱϥ nekōf | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ nereōf | ⲛⲉϥⲱϥ nefōf | ⲛⲉⲥⲱϥ nesōf | ⲛⲉⲛⲱϥ nenōf | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ netetn̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲩⲱϥ neuōf | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ nere- ōf |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲱϥ tinaōf | ⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ knaōf | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ tenaōf | ϥⲛⲁⲱϥ fnaōf | ⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ snaōf | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥ tn̄naōf | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ tetnaōf | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ senaōf | ⲛⲁⲱϥ naōf |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϥ eïnaōf | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ eknaōf | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ erenaōf | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϥ efnaōf | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ esnaōf | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϥ ennaōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ etetnaōf | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϥ eunaōf | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ ere- naōf |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲱϥ etinaōf | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥ etk̄naōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ etenaōf, eterenaōf | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥ etf̄naōf | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥ ets̄naōf | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥ etn̄naōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ etetnaōf | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲱϥ etounaōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ etere- naōf |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϥ neïnaōf | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ neknaōf | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ nerenaōf | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϥ nefnaōf | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ nesnaōf | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϥ nennaōf | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ netetnaōf | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϥ neunaōf | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ nere- naōf |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ aïōf | ⲁⲕⲱϥ akōf | ⲁⲱϥ, ⲁⲣⲱϥ, ⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ aōf, arōf, areōf | ⲁϥⲱϥ afōf | ⲁⲥⲱϥ asōf | ⲁⲛⲱϥ anōf | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ atetn̄ōf | ⲁⲩⲱϥ auōf | ⲁ- ⲱϥ a- ōf |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ m̄piōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ m̄pk̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ m̄peōf, m̄pr̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ m̄pf̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ m̄ps̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄pn̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄petn̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ m̄pouōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ m̄pe- ōf |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ eaïōf | ⲉⲁⲕⲱϥ eakōf | ⲉⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲁⲣⲱϥ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ eaōf, earōf, eareōf | ⲉⲁϥⲱϥ eafōf | ⲉⲁⲥⲱϥ easōf | ⲉⲁⲛⲱϥ eanōf | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ eatetn̄ōf | ⲉⲁⲩⲱϥ eauōf | ⲉⲁ- ⲱϥ ea- ōf |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ em̄piōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ em̄pk̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ em̄peōf, em̄pr̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ em̄pf̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ em̄ps̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄pn̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄petn̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ em̄pouōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ em̄pe- ōf |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ entaïōf, n̄taïōf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲱϥ entakōf, n̄takōf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ entaōf, n̄taōf, entarōf, n̄tarōf, entareōf, n̄tareōf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲱϥ entafōf, n̄tafōf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱϥ entasōf, n̄tasōf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲱϥ entanōf, n̄tanōf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ entatetn̄ōf, n̄tatetn̄ōf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲱϥ entauōf, n̄tauōf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲱϥ enta- ōf, n̄ta- ōf |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ etem̄piōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pk̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ etem̄peōf, etem̄pr̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pf̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄ps̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄petn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ etem̄pouōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ etem̄pe- ōf |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ neaïōf | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲱϥ neakōf | ⲛⲉⲁⲱϥ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲱϥ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ neaōf, nearōf, neareōf | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲱϥ neafōf | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱϥ neasōf | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲱϥ neanōf | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ neatetn̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲱϥ neauōf | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲱϥ nea- ōf |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ nem̄piōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pk̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ nem̄peōf, nem̄pr̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pf̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄ps̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pn̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄petn̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ nem̄pouōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ nem̄pe- ōf |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ n̄taïōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲱϥ n̄takōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ n̄taōf, n̄tarōf, n̄tareōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲱϥ n̄tafōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱϥ n̄tasōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲱϥ n̄tanōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ n̄tatetn̄ōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲱϥ n̄tauōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲱϥ n̄ta- ōf |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ m̄patiōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ m̄patk̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ m̄pateōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ m̄patf̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ m̄pats̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄patn̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄patetn̄ōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ m̄patouōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ m̄pate- ōf |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ em̄patiōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ em̄patk̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ em̄pateōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ em̄patf̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ em̄pats̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄patn̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄patetn̄ōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ em̄patouōf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ em̄pate- ōf |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ etem̄patiōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patk̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ etem̄pateōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patf̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pats̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patetn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ etem̄patouōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ etem̄pate- ōf |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ nem̄patiōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patk̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ nem̄pateōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patf̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pats̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patn̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patetn̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ nem̄patouōf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ nem̄pate- ōf |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ šaïōf | ϣⲁⲕⲱϥ šakōf | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ šareōf | ϣⲁϥⲱϥ šafōf | ϣⲁⲥⲱϥ šasōf | ϣⲁⲛⲱϥ šanōf | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ šatetn̄ōf | ϣⲁⲩⲱϥ šauōf | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ šare- ōf |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ meïōf | ⲙⲉⲕⲱϥ mekōf | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ mereōf | ⲙⲉϥⲱϥ mefōf | ⲙⲉⲥⲱϥ mesōf | ⲙⲉⲛⲱϥ menōf | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ metetn̄ōf | ⲙⲉⲩⲱϥ meuōf | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ mere- ōf |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ ešaïōf | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϥ ešakōf | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ ešareōf | ⲉϣⲁϥⲱϥ ešafōf | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϥ ešasōf | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϥ ešanōf | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ ešatetn̄ōf | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϥ ešauōf | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ ešare- ōf |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ emeïōf | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϥ emekōf | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ emereōf | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϥ emefōf | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϥ emesōf | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϥ emenōf | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ emetetn̄ōf | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϥ emeuōf | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ emere- ōf |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ etešaïōf, ešaïōf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϥ etešakōf, ešakōf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ etešareōf, ešareōf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲱϥ etešafōf, ešafōf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϥ etešasōf, ešasōf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϥ etešanōf, ešanōf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etešatetn̄ōf, ešatetn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϥ etešauōf, ešauōf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ etešare- ōf, ešare- ōf |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ etemeïōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϥ etemekōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ etemereōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϥ etemefōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϥ etemesōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϥ etemenōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etemetetn̄ōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϥ etemeuōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ etemere- ōf |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ nešaïōf | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϥ nešakōf | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ nešareōf | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲱϥ nešafōf | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϥ nešasōf | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϥ nešanōf | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nešatetn̄ōf | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϥ nešauōf | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ nešare- ōf |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ nemeïōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϥ nemekōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ nemereōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϥ nemefōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϥ nemesōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϥ nemenōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nemetetn̄ōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϥ nemeuōf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ nemere- ōf |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ emeïōf | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϥ emekōf | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ emereōf | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϥ emefōf | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϥ emesōf | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϥ emenōf | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ emetetn̄ōf | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϥ emeuōf | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ emere- ōf |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲱϥ eïeōf | ⲉⲕⲉⲱϥ ekeōf | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ ereōf | ⲉϥⲉⲱϥ efeōf | ⲉⲥⲉⲱϥ eseōf | ⲉⲛⲉⲱϥ eneōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲱϥ etetneōf | ⲉⲩⲉⲱϥ eueōf | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ ere- ōf |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥ n̄naōf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲱϥ n̄nekōf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲱϥ n̄neōf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲱϥ n̄nefōf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲱϥ n̄nesōf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲱϥ n̄nenōf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ n̄netn̄ōf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲱϥ n̄neuōf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲱϥ n̄ne- ōf |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲱϥ mariōf | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ marefōf | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ maresōf | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥ marn̄ōf | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ marouōf | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ mare- ōf |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲱϥ m̄pr̄traōf | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲱϥ m̄pr̄trefōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ m̄pr̄tresōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲱϥ m̄pr̄trenōf | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲱϥ m̄pr̄treuōf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ m̄pr̄tre- ōf |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲱϥ n̄taōf, taōf | ⲛ̄ⲅⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲱϥ n̄gōf, n̄kōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲱϥ n̄teōf | ⲛ̄ϥⲱϥ n̄fōf | ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ n̄sōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ n̄tn̄ōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ n̄tetn̄ōf | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲱϥ n̄seōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ n̄te- ōf |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϥ tariōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ tarekōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ tareōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ tarefōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ taresōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥ tarn̄ōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ taretn̄ōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ tarouōf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ tare- ōf |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲱϥ n̄teriōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ n̄terekōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲱϥ n̄tereōf, n̄tererōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲱϥ n̄terefōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ n̄teresōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲱϥ n̄tern̄ōf, n̄terenōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ n̄teretn̄ōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ n̄terouōf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ n̄tere- ōf |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲱϥ šantiōf | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ šantk̄ōf | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲱϥ šanteōf | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ šantf̄ōf | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ šants̄ōf | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ šantn̄ōf | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ šantetn̄ōf | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ šantouōf | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ šante- ōf |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲱϥ eïšanōf | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲱϥ ekšanōf | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲱϥ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϥ eršanōf, erešanōf | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲱϥ efšanōf | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲱϥ esšanōf | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲱϥ enšanōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲱϥ etetn̄šanōf | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲱϥ eušanōf | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲱϥ eršan- ōf |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ eïōf | ⲉⲕⲱϥ ekōf | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ ereōf | ⲉϥⲱϥ efōf | ⲉⲥⲱϥ esōf | ⲉⲛⲱϥ enōf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etetn̄ōf | ⲉⲩⲱϥ euōf | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ ere- ōf |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* ⲟⲩϥ (ouf) — Sahidic
* ⲱⲃ (ōb) — Bohairic, Sahidic

#### Noun

ⲱϥ • (ōf) m
* (Sahidic) lettuce

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

ⲱϥ • (ōf)
* (Sahidic) Alternative form of ϩⲱⲃ (hōb, “thing”)

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 535b
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 231