# کالا
## Malay
### Noun

کالا (plural کالا-کالا or کالا۲, informal 1st possessive کالاکو, 2nd possessive کالامو, 3rd possessive کالاڽ)
* Jawi spelling of kala‎

## Pahari-Potwari
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit काल (kāla). Cognate with Marathi काळा (kāḷā), Punjabi کالا (kālā) and Urdu کالا (kālā).

### Adjective

کالا (kālā)
* black

## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [kɑː.ˈlɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰɑː.lɑ́ː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰɑː.lɑ́ː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [kʰɑː.lɑ́ː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [kʰɔː.lɔ́ː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [kʰɒː.lɒ́ː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [kʰɔ.lɔ́]

### Noun

کالا • (kâlâ) (plural کالاها (kâlâ-hâ))
* things; goods; commodity; article
    Synonym: اجناس (ajnâs)
    حمل و نقل کالا ― haml o naql-e kâlâ ― transportation of commodities
** c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The reign of Gushtāsp”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]‎:سواران جنگی همی تاختند به کالا گرفتن نپرداختندsawārān jangē hamē-tāxtand ba kālā giriftan na-pardāxtandThe riders were charging for a battle; They did not set themselves to taking spoils.(Classical Persian romanization)
* (Dari) clothes, dress, attire; costume
* (archaic) silk clothes

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit काल (kāla). Cognate with Marathi काळा (kāḷā) and Urdu کالا (kālā).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /kaː.ɭaː/, [käː.ɭäː]
* Rhymes: -äː

### Adjective

کاࣇا • (kāḷā) (Gurmukhi spelling ਕਾਲ਼ਾ)
* black (color/colour)
* black, negro (potentially offensive)

#### See also

Colors in Punjabi · رَن٘گ (raṉg) (layout · text) :
| چِٹّا (ciṭṭā), بَگّا (baggā) | | کاࣇا (kāḷā) |
| لال (lāl), رَتّا (rattā); سُوہا (sūhā) | مالٹا (mālṭā), نَارَنگِی (nārangī); بھُورا (bhūrā) | پِیلا (pīlā), کھَٹّا (khaṭṭā) |
| نِمبُو (nimbū), پِستا (pistā), اَنگُوری (angūrī) | ساوا (sāvā), ہَرا (harā) | |
| آسمانی (āsmānī) | آسمانی (āsmānī) | نِیلا (nīlā) |
| جامنی (jāmnī), اُودا (ūdā) | بَینگی (baingī) | گُولابی (gūlābī) |

### References

* “چِٹّا”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024

## Urdu
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit काल (kāla), from Proto-Dravidian *kār.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /kɑː.lɑː/

### Noun

کالا • (kālā) m (Hindi spelling काला)
* black (color/colour)
    Synonym: سیاہ (siyāh)

### Adjective

کالا • (kālā) (feminine کالی (kālī), Hindi spelling काला)
* black (color/colour)
* dark complexioned (derogatory term used by some Urdu speakers to describe dark-skinned people, which can refer to dark Asians, Sub-Saharan Africans, or any person deemed as such.)
* dark
* dirty
* evil
* hopeless

#### See also

Colors in Urdu · رنگ (raṅg) (layout · text) :
| سفید (safed), ابیض (abyaz) | سرمئی (sarmaī), خاکستری (xākistarī), دھوسر (dhūsar) | کالا (kālā), سیاہ (siyāh), اسود (aswad) |
| سرخ (surx), لال (lāl), قرمزی (qarmazī), احمر (ahmar) | مالٹائی (mālṭāī), نارنجی (nāranjī), نارنگی (nārangī); بھورا (bhūrā), بادامی (bādāmī), خاکی (xākī), مٹیالا (maṭiālā) | پیلا (pīlā), زرد (zard), اصفر (asfar), بسنتی (basantī) |
| پستہ (pistah), انگوری (aṅgūrī), دھانی (dhānī) | سبز (sabz), ہرا (harā) | |
| فیروزی (ferozī) | آسمانی (āsmānī), نیلگوں (nīlgū̃), لاجوردی (lājvardī), آبی (ābī), آبگوں (ābgū̃) | نیلا (nīlā), ازرق (azraq) |
| نیل (nīl), بنفشی (banafśī), بنفش (banafś) | جامنی (jāmnī), اودا (ūdā), ارغوانی (arġawānī), بیگنی (beganī), بینگنی (benganī), بینجنی (benjanī) | گلابی (gulābī), پیازی (pīāzī) |