OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 陰火
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yîm-fó
    (Hailu, HRS): rhim$^ˋ$ fo$^ˊ$
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîm-fó
*** Hakka Romanization System: im$^ˊ$ fo$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yim$^1$ fo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /im²⁴ fo³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîm-fó
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)im$^ˊ$ fo$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yim$^1$ fo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)im²⁴ fo³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhim$^ˋ$ fo$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒim⁵³ fo²⁴/

### Noun

陰火
* (Hakka) will o' the wisp; ignis fatuus

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 鬼火 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 磷火, 鬼火 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 鬼火兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 磷火, 鬼火 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 鬼燈籠兒 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鬼火 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 鬼火 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 鬼打燈, 鬼火 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鬼火, 伯公火, 陰火 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鬼火 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鬼火, 伯公火, 陰火 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鬼火, 伯公火, 陰火 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鬼火, 伯公火, 陰火 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鬼火 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 鬼火 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 鬼火 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鬼仔火, 鬼火 |
| Wu | Danyang | 鬼火 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 鬼燈 |
# te swigod
## Welsh
### Etymology

A calque of English bubble tea, from boba tea, ultimately from Cantonese 波霸 (bo$^1$ baa$^3$, “tapioca pearl(s)”) and Hokkien 茶 (tê, “tea”).

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˌteː ˈswɪɡɔd/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˌteː ˈswiːɡɔd/, /ˌteː ˈswɪɡɔd/

### Noun

te swigod m (uncountable)
* bubble tea
** 2017 April 18, Dr Zigs, Twitter‎:Ymunwch â ni heddiw am swigod a Te Swigod yn yr haul! Caffi swigod ar agor nawr tan 17:00Join us today for bubbles and Bubble Tea in the sun! Bubble cafe now open till 17:00
** 2020 March 13, “Archived copy”, in Coleg Sir Gâr‎, archived from the original on 26 June 2023:Enillodd Coleg Sir Benfro’r wobr fwyd am eu caffi sy’n arbenigo mewn gweini te swigod o Faleisia a dod â blasau o bob cwr o’r byd i Sir Benfro.Pembrokshire College won the food award for their cafe which specialises in serving Malaysian bubble tea and bringing tastes from all over the world to Pembrokeshire.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# vasatölva
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From vasi (“pocket”) +‎ tölva (“computer”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvaːsaˌtʰœlva/

### Noun

vasatölva f (genitive singular vasatölvu, nominative plural vasatölvur)
* calculator (particularly a pocket-sized calculator)
    Synonyms: vasareiknir, reiknivél, reiknitölva
# vernda
## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvɛrnta/

### Verb

vernda (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative verndaði, supine verndað)
* to protect, to shield
    Synonyms: verja, skýla, hlífa

#### Related terms

* vernd
# viðtal
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From við (“to, with”) +‎ tal (“talk”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvɪðtʰaːl/

### Noun

viðtal n (genitive singular viðtals, nominative plural viðtöl)
* interview
* conversation
    Synonym: samtal
# vilja til
## Icelandic
### Verb

vilja til
* happen, chance
    Synonym: bera til

#### Conjugation

See vilja.

#### Derived terms

* tilviljun
# vitki
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Norse vitki.

### Noun

vitki (plural vitkis or vitkar)
* (Germanic paganism) A sorcerer in Norse Heathen societies.

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse vitki (“only used of a sorcerer; a wise man”). Derived from the definite form of Old Norse vitugr (“clever, having wit”), from Old Norse vitr (“wise”); or derived from Old Norse vittugr (“having magical powers”).

### Noun

vitki m (genitive singular vitka, nominative plural vitkar)
* (poetic) sorcerer
    Synonyms: galdramaður, töframaður

#### Related terms

* vitka
* vitkun
# vígja
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse vígja and from Proto-Germanic *wīhijaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈviːja/
    Rhymes: -iːja
    Homophone: vía

### Verb

vígja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative vígði, supine vígt)
* to consecrate, to set apart for a holy use; to dedicate to God
    Synonym: helga
* to inaugurate
    Synonyms: taka í notkun, opna
* to ordain, to make someone a priest, minister

#### Derived terms

* vígður
# vínferill
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From vín (“wine”) +‎ ferill (“track”).

### Noun

vínferill m (genitive singular vínferils, no plural)
* (in archaic poetry) a beaker used for wine
    Synonyms: vínker, bikar
# væma
## Icelandic
### Noun

væma f (genitive singular væmu, no plural)
* nausea, sickness
    Synonyms: ógleði, klígja, velgja

#### Related terms

* væminn
# yfirheiti
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From yfir (“over”) +‎ heiti (“name”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɪːvɪrˌheiːtɪ/

### Noun

yfirheiti n (genitive singular yfirheitis, nominative plural yfirheiti)
* hypernym
    Antonym: undirheiti
# þróttur
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse þróttr, from Proto-Germanic *þruhtuz.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ouhtʏr

### Noun

þróttur m (genitive singular þróttar, no plural)
* strength
    Synonym: afl
* vigour, energy
    Synonyms: snerpa, skerpa

#### Derived terms

* lífsþróttur
# þyrma
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse þyrma, from Proto-Germanic *þurmijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ter- (“weak, soft, tender”), see also Latin termes.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈθɪrma/
    Rhymes: -ɪrma

### Verb

þyrma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative þyrmdi, supine þyrmt)
* to spare, to show mercy
    Synonym: spara

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to mistreat”): misþyrma

### References

* ↑ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1070-71”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1070-71
# æsing
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From æsa +‎ -ing.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -aiːsiŋk

### Noun

æsing f (genitive singular æsingar, nominative plural æsingar)
* incitement, agitation
* excitement
    Synonym: æsingur

#### Derived terms

* hugaræsing
* múgæsing

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

æsing m or f (definite singular æsingen or æsinga or æsingi, indefinite plural æsingar, definite plural æsingane)
* (pre-2012) alternative form of esing
# öfga
## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈœvka/
    Rhymes: -œvka

### Verb

öfga (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative öfgaði, supine öfgað)
* to exaggerate
    Synonyms: ýkja, yfirdrífa
# örk
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse ǫrk, from Proto-Germanic *arkō, from Latin arca.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /œr̥k/
* Rhymes: -œr̥k

### Noun

örk f (genitive singular arkar, nominative plural arkir)
* chest, trunk
    Synonym: kista
* ark, Noah's Ark
    Synonym: örkin hans Nóa
* sheet (of paper)
    Synonyms: blað, ark
# örnefni
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From ör- +‎ nefni.

### Noun

örnefni n (genitive singular örnefnis, nominative plural örnefni)
* placename
    Synonym: staðarheiti
# Vitis
## Translingual
### Etymology

Latin vitis (“vine”)

### Proper noun

Vitis f
* A taxonomic genus within the family Vitaceae – grapes or grapevines.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Plantae – kingdom; Viridiplantae – subkingdom; Streptophyta – infrakingdom; Embryophyta – superphylum; Tracheophyta – phylum; Spermatophytina – subphylum; angiosperms, eudicots, core eudicots, rosids - clades; Vitales - order; Vitaceae - family; Vitoideae - subfamily

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Vitis subg. Muscadinia, Vitis subg. Vitis – subgenera
** Vitis vinifera (wine grape) – type species; Vitis aestivalis (summer grape), Vitis amurensis (Amur grape), Vitis arizonica (canyon grape), Vitis berlandieri (fall grape), Vitis californica (California wild grape), Vitis cinerea (ashy grape), Vitis coignetiae (crimson glory vine), Vitis flexuosa (creeping grape), Vitis girdiana (desert wild grape), Vitis labrusca (fox grape), Vitis mustangensis (mustang grape), Vitis palmata (cat grape), Vitis riparia (riverbank grape), Vitis rotundifolia, Vitis rupestris (rock grape, sand grape), Vitis vulpina (winter grape, frost grape) – selected species

### References

* Vitis on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Vitis on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Vitis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Vitis at USDA Plants database

## German
### Etymology

First mentioned 1150 as Vitisse. Probably of Slavic origin, related to the personal name BytišƄ.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Vitis n (proper noun, genitive Vitis' or (with an article) Vitis)
* A municipality of Lower Austria, Austria

### References

* Elisabeth Schuster: Die Etymologie der niederösterreichischen Ortsnamen, 2. Teil, 1990.
# conspues
## English
### Verb

conspues
* third-person singular simple present indicative of conspue

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔ̃s.py/

### Verb

conspues
* second-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of conspuer

## Latin
### Verb

cōnspuēs
* second-person singular future active indicative of cōnspuō
# empiricals
## English
### Noun

empiricals
* plural of empirical
# empiricalization
## English
### Noun

empiricalization (usually uncountable, plural empiricalizations)
* Alternative form of empiricization
# action figure
## English
### Etymology

First coined by Hasbro in 1964 to market G.I. Joe.

### Noun

action figure (plural action figures)
* A children's toy in the form of a posable plastic figurine of a character, often from a movie, video game, or television program, with moving parts and often capable of some form of spring-loaded movement. It is used to distinguish from dolls, which have acquired the reputation as a girl's toy, whereas action figures are more marketed toward boys.

#### Hypernyms

* doll
# Upton Magna
## English
### Proper noun

Upton Magna
* A village and civil parish east of Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (OS grid ref SJ5512).

### References

* Parish map
# fuskered
## Scots
### Adjective

fuskered
* whiskered
# सिंधुस्थान
## Hindi
### Etymology

Calque of Classical Persian هِنْدُوسْتَان (hindūstān). Doublet of हिंदुस्तान (hindustān).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /sɪn.d̪ʱʊs.t̪ʰɑːn/, [sɪ̃n̪.d̪ʱʊs.t̪ʰä̃ːn]

### Proper noun

सिंधुस्थान • (sindhusthān) m
* (puristic) India (a country in South Asia)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:भारत
# jimpson weed
## English
### Noun

jimpson weed (countable and uncountable, plural jimpson weeds)
* Alternative form of jimsonweed
# bicomponents
## English
### Noun

bicomponents
* plural of bicomponent
# doanh nghiệp nhà nước
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

doanh nghiệp +‎ nhà nước.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zwajŋ̟˧˧ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ ɲaː˨˩ nɨək̚˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [jwɛɲ˧˧ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ ɲaː˦˩ nɨək̚˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [j⁽ʷ⁾an˧˧ ŋip̚˨˩˨ ɲaː˨˩ nɨək̚˦˥]

### Noun

doanh nghiệp nhà nước
* state-owned enterprise
# uncollectables
## English
### Noun

uncollectables
* plural of uncollectable
# wannion
## English
### Noun

wannion (plural wannions)
* Alternative form of wanion
# wykarczować
## Polish
### Etymology

From wy- +‎ karczować.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɘ.karˈt͡ʂɔ.vat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: wy‧kar‧czo‧wać

### Verb

wykarczować pf (imperfective karczować)
* (transitive) to root out, to extirpate (to remove tree stumps after felling)

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* wykarczować in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* wykarczować in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# 배경 음악
## Korean
### Etymology

배경(背景) (baegyeong, “background”) +‎ 음악(音樂) (eumak, “music”)

### Noun

배경 음악 • (baegyeong eumak) (hanja 背景音樂)
* background music

#### Synonyms

* 백그라운드 뮤직 (baekgeuraundeu myujik)
* 브금 (beugeum)
# kóng-kò͘
## Hokkien

* For pronunciation and definitions of kóng-kò͘ – see 廣告 (“advertisement; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 廣告).
# интензитет
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [intɛnziˈtɛt]

### Noun

интензитет • (intenzitet) m (relational adjective интензивен)
* intensity

#### Declension
## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian интензитет／intenzitet, from German Intensität.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [intɛnˈzitɛt]
* Rhymes: -itɛt
* Hyphenation: ин‧тен‧зи‧тет

### Noun

интензитет (intenzitet) m inan (related adjective интензивни)
* intensity

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “intensity”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 153

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /intenzǐteːt/
* Hyphenation: ин‧тен‧зи‧тет

### Noun

интензѝте̄т m (Latin spelling intenzìtēt)
* intensity
# nitrado
## Portuguese
### Participle

nitrado (feminine nitrada, masculine plural nitrados, feminine plural nitradas)
* past participle of nitrar

## Spanish
### Participle

nitrado (feminine nitrada, masculine plural nitrados, feminine plural nitradas)
* past participle of nitrar
# rhenate
## English
### Etymology

From rhen(ium) +‎ -ate (“derivative”).

### Noun

rhenate (plural rhenates)
* (inorganic chemistry) The anion ReO$_4$$^-$; any salt containing this ion.

#### Synonyms

* perrhenate

#### Derived terms

* nonahydridorhenate

### Anagrams

* traheen, earneth, Hatrene, Teheran, earthen, hearten
# rhodanate
## English
### Etymology

From rhodanic acid +‎ -ate (“salt or ester”).

### Noun

rhodanate (plural rhodanates)
* (chemistry, obsolete) A salt of rhodanic acid; a sulphocyanate.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “rhodanate”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

### Anagrams

* readathon
# kastrol
## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from French casserole.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkastrol]

### Noun

kastrol m inan (related adjective kastrolový)
* casserole, saucepan

#### Descendants

* → Goral: kastrol

### References

* ↑ Vladimír Šmilauer, Jaroslav Kuchař, and Slavomír Utěšený (1972) Čeština všední i nevšední, Prague: Academia, page 213

### Further reading

* “kastrol”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kastrol”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Czech kastrol.

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Goral):
*** (Żywiec) IPA: /ˈkas.trɔl/

### Noun

kastrol m inan
* (Żywiec) Synonym of rondel

### Further reading

* Leon Rzeszowski (1891) “kastrol”, in “Spis wyrazów ludowych z okolic Żywca”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume 4, Krakow: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 357
# ricinelaidate
## English
### Etymology

From ricinelaidic acid +‎ -ate (“salt or ester”).

### Noun

ricinelaidate (plural ricinelaidates)
* Any salt or ester of ricinelaidic acid.
# myrdd-ddail cylchynol
## Welsh
### Noun

myrdd-ddail cylchynol f pl
* alternate water-milfoil (Myriophyllum alterniflorum)

#### Synonyms

* myrdd-ddail blodau bob yn ail

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd (2016) “Y Bywiadur”, in Llên natur‎, retrieved 8 December 2024.
# Arabize
## English
### Alternative forms

* Arabise

### Etymology

From Arab +‎ -ize.

### Verb

Arabize (third-person singular simple present Arabizes, present participle Arabizing, simple past and past participle Arabized)
* (transitive) To make Arab; to give Arab traits to.
** 1999, Bernard Lewis, "Iran in History", Mortimer and Raymond Sackler Institute of Advanced Studies, page 2:Iran was indeed Islamized, but it was not Arabized. Persians remained Persians. And after an interval of silence, Iran reemerged as a separate, different and distinctive element within Islam, eventually adding a new element even to Islam itself.

#### Synonyms

* Arabicize

#### Derived terms

* Arabization, Arabisation
# wherefors
## English
### Noun

wherefors
* plural of wherefor
# 競う
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 競
* きそ Grade: 4
* kun'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きそう [kìsóꜜù] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [kʲi̥so̞ɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「競う」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 競う | きそう | [kìsóꜜù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 競え | きそえ | [kìsóꜜè] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 競われる | きそわれる | [kìsówáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 競わせる | きそわせる | [kìsówáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 競える | きそえる | [kìsóéꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 競おう | きそおー | [kìsóóꜜò] |
| Negative | 競わない | きそわない | [kìsówáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 競わなかった | きそわなかった | [kìsówáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 競います | きそいます | [kìsóímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 競った | きそった | [kìsóꜜttà] |
| Conjunctive | 競って | きそって | [kìsóꜜttè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 競えば | きそえば | [kìsóꜜèbà] |

### Verb

競(きそ)う • (kisou) intransitive godan (stem 競(きそ)い (kisoi), past 競(きそ)った (kisotta))
* compete with

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 競わ | きそわ | kisowa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 競い | きそい | kisoi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 競う | きそう | kisou |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 競う | きそう | kisou |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 競え | きそえ | kisoe |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 競え | きそえ | kisoe |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 競われる | きそわれる | kisowareru |
| Causative | 競わせる 競わす | きそわせる きそわす | kisowaseru kisowasu |
| Potential | 競える | きそえる | kisoeru |
| Volitional | 競おう | きそおう | kisoō |
| Negative | 競わない | きそわない | kisowanai |
| Negative continuative | 競わず | きそわず | kisowazu |
| Formal | 競います | きそいます | kisoimasu |
| Perfective | 競った | きそった | kisotta |
| Conjunctive | 競って | きそって | kisotte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 競えば | きそえば | kisoeba |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 競は | きそは | kisofa |
| Continuative (連用形) | 競ひ | きそひ | kisofi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 競ふ | きそふ | kisofu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 競ふ | きそふ | kisofu |
| Realis (已然形) | 競へ | きそへ | kisofe |
| Imperative (命令形) | 競へ | きそへ | kisofe |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 競はず | きそはず | kisofazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 競へど | きそへど | kisofedo |
| Causal conjunction | 競へば | きそへば | kisofeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 競はば | きそはば | kisofaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 競ひき | きそひき | kisofiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 競ひけり | きそひけり | kisofikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 競ひつ | きそひつ | kisofitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 競ひぬ | きそひぬ | kisofinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 競へり 競ひたり | きそへり きそひたり | kisoferi kisofitari |
| Volitional | 競はむ | きそはむ | kisofamu |
# antikristlig
## Swedish
### Etymology

From anti- +‎ kristlig.

### Adjective

antikristlig (comparative mer antikristlig, superlative mest antikristlig)
* anti-Christian, opposed or antithetical to Christianity

#### Declension
### Further reading

* antikristlig in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
# ऊर्णा
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ऊर्णा (ū́rṇā). Doublet of ऊन (ūn).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /uːɾ.ɳɑː/, [uːɾ.ɳäː]

### Noun

ऊर्णा • (ūrṇā) f (rare, formal)
* wool
* circle of hair between the eyebrows

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “ऊर्णा”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ঊৰ্ণা (Assamese script)
* ᬊᬃᬡᬵ (Balinese script)
* ঊর্ণা (Bengali script)
* 𑰅𑰨𑰿𑰜𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀊𑀭𑁆𑀡𑀸 (Brahmi script)
* ဦရ်္ဏာ (Burmese script)
* ઊર્ણા (Gujarati script)
* ਊਰ੍ਣਾ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌊𑌰𑍍𑌣𑌾 (Grantha script)
* ꦈꦴꦂꦟꦴ (Javanese script)
* 𑂈𑂩𑂹𑂝𑂰 (Kaithi script)
* ಊರ್ಣಾ (Kannada script)
* ឩណ៌ា (Khmer script)
* ອູຣ຺ຓາ (Lao script)
* ഊര്ണാ (Malayalam script)
* ᡠᡠᡵᢏᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
* 𑘅𑘨𑘿𑘜𑘰 (Modi script)
* ᠤᠤᠷᢏᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦥𑧈𑧠𑦼𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐅𑐬𑑂𑐞𑐵 (Newa script)
* ଊର୍ଣା (Odia script)
* ꢇꢬ꣄ꢠꢵ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆈𑆫𑇀𑆟𑆳 (Sharada script)
* 𑖅𑖨𑖿𑖜𑖯 (Siddham script)
* ඌර්‍ණා (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩒𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩪𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚅𑚤𑚶𑚘𑚭 (Takri script)
* ஊர்ணா (Tamil script)
* ఊర్ణా (Telugu script)
* อูรฺณา (Thai script)
* ཨཱུ་རྞཱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒆𑒩𑓂𑒝𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨃𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨘𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwŕ̥HnaH (“wool”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂ (“wool”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬁 (var$^ə$nā), Ancient Greek λῆνος (lênos), Latin lāna, Lithuanian vìlna, English wool.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /úːɾ.ɳɑː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈuːɾ.ɳɑː/

### Noun

ऊर्णा • (ū́rṇā) stem, f
* wool, a woollen thread, thread
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.52.9:उत स्म ते परुष्ण्याम्ऊर्णा वसत शुन्ध्यवः। उत पव्या रथानामद्रिं भिन्दन्त्योजसा॥uta sma te paruṣṇyāmūrṇā vasata śundhyavaḥ. uta pavyā rathānāmadriṃ bhindantyojasā.Fair-gleaming, on Paruṣṇī they have clothed themselves in robes of wool, And with their chariot tires they cleave the rock asunder in their might.
* cobweb
* circle of hair between the eyebrows

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kashmiri: वोन् (wōn)
* Khasa Prakrit:
** Dogri: unna
    Devanagari script: उन्न
    Dogra script: 𑠄𑠝𑠹𑠝
* Magadhi Prakrit:
** Assamese: উণ (un)
** Bengali: ঊণ (un)
* Paisaci Prakrit:
** Punjabi: ਉੱਨ (unna)
* Pali: uṇṇa
** → Kannada: ಉಣ್ಣೆ (uṇṇe)
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀉𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (uṇṇā)
** Kachchi: ઊન (ūna)
** Hindustani:
*** Hindi: ऊन (ūn)
*** Urdu: اون (ūn)
* → Hindi: ऊर्णा (ūrṇā) (learned)
* → Tocharian A: urṇ
* → Tocharian B: *ūrṇ

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “ऊर्णा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 221/3.
# bill of exchange
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

bill of exchange (plural bills of exchange)
* (banking) A document demanding payment from another party, especially used in international trade.

#### Synonyms

* draft

#### Hypernyms

* negotiable instrument

#### See also

* promissory note
# add on
## English
### Verb

add on (third-person singular simple present adds on, present participle adding on, simple past and past participle added on)
* (transitive) To incorporate (something extra, often an amount of money) into something else (often a bill).
* (intransitive) To put an expansion (addition) onto a building, usually a home.

#### See also

* extend
* pile on
* tack

### Noun

add on (plural add ons)
* Alternative form of add-on
    The manufacturer sold many add ons for the basic camera.
    The secretary offered a typing and copying service for theses, with the option of binding as an add on.

### Anagrams

* Dando, Donda
# adopting out
## English
### Verb

adopting out
* present participle and gerund of adopt out
# adopted out
## English
### Verb

adopted out
* simple past and past participle of adopt out
# arses up
## English
### Verb

arses up
* third-person singular simple present indicative of arse up
# arsing up
## English
### Verb

arsing up
* present participle and gerund of arse up