# 精力
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīnglì
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zing$^1$ lik$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chîn-li̍t
    (Hailu, HRS): zin$^ˋ$ lid$^ˋ$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): cheng-lia̍k / cheng-le̍k / cheng-la̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng$^1$ lag$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīnglì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jinglì
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^1$-li$^4$
*** Yale: jīng-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinglih
*** Palladius: цзинли (czinli)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ li⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$晶粒 精力 經歷／经历
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zing$^1$ lik$^6$
*** Yale: jīng lihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzing$^1$ lik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jing$^1$ lig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ lɪk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chîn-li̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: jin$^ˊ$ lid
*** Hagfa Pinyim: jin$^1$ lid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sin²⁴⁻¹¹ lit̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zin$^ˋ$ lid$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sin⁵³ lit²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-lia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tsing-lia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zengliak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³ liak̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-le̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tsing-li̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zenglek
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-la̍t
*** Tâi-lô: tsing-la̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zenglat
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³ lat̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lat̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zêng$^1$ lag$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng la̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seŋ³³⁻²³ lak̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsjeng lik
Rime :
| Character | 精 | 力 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 子盈切 | 林直切 |
| Baxter | tsjeng | lik |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡siᴇŋ/ | /lɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɛŋ/ | /lɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡siæŋ/ | /liek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡siajŋ/ | /lik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siɛŋ/ | /liək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭɛŋ/ | /lĭək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡si̯ɛŋ/ | /li̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīng | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zing$^1$ | lik$^6$ |

### Noun

精力
* drive; energy; vigor
    集中精力 ― jízhōng jīnglì ― to focus; to concentrate

#### Synonyms

* 功夫 (gōngfu)
* 氣力／气力 (qìlì)
* 氣脈／气脉 (qìmài) (chiefly Hakka)
* 精神

#### Derived terms

* 精力充沛
* 精力過人／精力过人

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 精力(せいりょく) (seiryoku)
* → Korean: 정력(精力) (jeongnyeok)
* → Vietnamese: tinh lực (精力)

#### See also

* 心思 (xīnsī)
* 心血 (xīnxuè)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 精 | 力 |
| せい Grade: 5 | りょく Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せーりょく [séꜜèryòkù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [se̞ːɾʲo̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

精(せい)力(りょく) • (seiryoku)
* energy; vigor

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 精 | 力 |

### Noun

精力 • (jeongnyeok) (hangeul 정력)
* hanja form of 정력

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 精 | 力 |

### Noun

精力
* chữ Hán form of tinh lực.