# ग्राम
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɡɾɑːm/, [ɡɾä̃ːm]

### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ग्राम (grāma).

#### Noun

ग्राम • (grām) m (Urdu spelling گرام)
* village
    Synonym: गाँव (gā̃v)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English gram.

#### Noun

ग्राम • (grām) m (Urdu spelling گرام)
* gramme

##### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* গ্ৰাম (Assamese script)
* ᬕ᭄ᬭᬵᬫ (Balinese script)
* গ্রাম (Bengali script)
* 𑰐𑰿𑰨𑰯𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀕𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
* ဂြာမ (Burmese script)
* ગ્રામ (Gujarati script)
* ਗ੍ਰਾਮ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌮 (Grantha script)
* ꦒꦿꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
* 𑂏𑂹𑂩𑂰𑂧 (Kaithi script)
* ಗ್ರಾಮ (Kannada script)
* គ្រាម (Khmer script)
* ຄ຺ຣາມ (Lao script)
* ഗ്രാമ (Malayalam script)
* ᡤᡵᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘐𑘿𑘨𑘰𑘦 (Modi script)
* ᠺᠷᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦰𑧠𑧈𑧑𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐐𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐩 (Newa script)
* ଗ୍ରାମ (Odia script)
* ꢔ꣄ꢬꢵꢪ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆓𑇀𑆫𑆳𑆩 (Sharada script)
* 𑖐𑖿𑖨𑖯𑖦 (Siddham script)
* ග්‍රාම (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩞 𑪙𑩼𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚌𑚶𑚤𑚭𑚢 (Takri script)
* க்³ராம (Tamil script)
* గ్రామ (Telugu script)
* คฺราม (Thai script)
* གྲཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒑𑓂𑒩𑒰𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨍𑩇𑨫𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *grā́mas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *grā́mas, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gróm-os, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ger- (“to assemble, gather together”). Cognate with Middle Persian [script needed] (grāmag, “property, wealth”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɡɾɑ́ː.mɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɡɾɑː.mɐ/

### Noun

ग्राम • (grāma) stem, m
* an inhabited place, village, hamlet, settlement
* the collective inhabitants of place, community, race
* any number of men associated together, multitude, troop (especially of soldiers)
* the old women of a family
* a multitude, class, collection, number
* a number of tones, scale, gamut
* indriya
* inhabitants, people

#### Declension
### Noun

ग्राम • (grāma) stem, n
* village
* flock

#### Descendants

* Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀕𑀸𑀫 (gāma)
** Prakrit: 𑀕𑀸𑀫 (gāma) (see there for further descendants)
** Bengali: গাঁ (gā)
* Dardic:
** Dameli: [script needed] (gram)
** Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (lām)
** Grangali: [script needed] (lām)
** Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (gā̃)
** Kalami: [script needed] (lām)
** Kalasha: grom
** Khowar: [script needed] (gram) (in compounds)
** Kashmiri: گام (gām)
** Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (lāma)
** Phalura: [script needed] (grōm)
** Savi: [script needed] (grām)
** Shina: [script needed] (gām)
** Shumashti: [script needed] (lām)
** Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (lām)
** Torwali: [script needed] (gām)
** Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (gām)
* Pali: gāma
* Old Punjabi:
** Punjabi: grāṉ (“village”)
    Gurmukhi script: ਗਰਾਂ
    Shahmukhi script: گراں
** Pahari-Potwari: گراں (grāṉ, “village”)
* → Tamil: கிராமம் (kirāmam)
* → Assamese: গ্ৰাম (gram) (learned)
* → Bengali: গ্রাম (gram) (learned)
** → Rohingya: gram
* → Hindi: ग्राम (grām) (learned)
* → Kannada: ಗ್ರಾಮ (grāma) (learned)
* → Marathi: ग्राम (grām) (learned)
* → Punjabi: ਗਰਾਮ (garām) (learned)
* → Telugu: గ్రామము (grāmamu) (learned)
* → Bengali: গেরাম (geram) (semi-learned)
* → Sylheti: ꠉꠦꠞꠣꠝ (geram) (semi-learned)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “ग्राम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0373/1.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 507-508
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “grāˊma”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press