# 長江
## Chinese

* 長江 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 長江 (Cantonese)
* 長江 (Classical)
* 長江 (Gan)
* Diòng-gĕ̤ng (Eastern Min)
* Tiông-kang (Southern Min)
* 長江 (Wu)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Cháng Jiāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄤ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): coeng$^4$ gong$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ciang$^3$ gong$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Chhòng-kông
* Eastern Min (BUC): Diòng-gĕ̤ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Tn̂g-kang / Tiông-kang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ciang$^5$ gang$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zan-kaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Cháng Jiāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Cháng Jiang
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻang$^2$ Chiang$^1$
*** Yale: Cháng Jyāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Charng Jiang
*** Palladius: Чан Цзян (Čan Czjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coeng$^4$ gong$^1$
*** Yale: chèuhng gōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng$^4$ gong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêng$^4$ gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ciang$^3$ gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiaŋ²² kɔŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chhòng-kông
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong$^ˇ$ gong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cong$^2$ gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ koŋ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Diòng-gĕ̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(k-)}$ŋøyŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tn̂g-kang / Tiông-kang
*** Tâi-lô: Tn̂g-kang / Tiông-kang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dngkafng, diongkafng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/, /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/, /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tŋ̍¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/, /tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/, /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tŋ̍²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/, /tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ciang$^5$ gang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiâng kang
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zan-kaon
*** MiniDict: zan$^去$ kaon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zan-kaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zã²² kɑ̃⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: drjang kaewng
Rime :
| Character | 長 | 江 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 江 (9) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | II |
| Fanqie | 直良切 | 古雙切 |
| Baxter | drjang | kaewng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨɐŋ/ | /kˠʌŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖiɐŋ/ | /kᵚɔŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiɑŋ/ | /kɔŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖɨaŋ/ | /kaɨwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiaŋ/ | /kɔŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭaŋ/ | /kɔŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯aŋ/ | /kɔŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cháng | jiāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | coeng$^4$ | gong$^1$ |

### Proper noun

長江
* Yangtze River
    From: c. 730, 李白 (Li Bai), 黃鶴樓送孟浩然之廣陵
    Gūfān yuǎn yǐng bìkōng jìn, wéi jiàn Chángjiāng tiānjì liú. [Pinyin]
    A solitary sail's distant image disappears into the blue sky; only the Yangtze River continues to flow towards the horizon.
* (～河) Changjiang Creek, the upper course of the Jin River (錦江／锦江 (Jǐnjiāng)) in Jiangxi
* (～社區) Changjiang (a community of Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

#### Synonyms

* 江 (jiāng) (ancient, literary, or abbreviated)
* 揚子江／扬子江 (Yángzǐ Jiāng) (originally only in reference to the lower reaches)
* 大江 (dàjiāng) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 長江三峽／长江三峡 (Chángjiāng Sānxiá)
* 長江三角洲／长江三角洲 (Chángjiāng Sānjiǎozhōu)
* 長江中下游平原／长江中下游平原 (Chángjiāng Zhōngxiàyóu Píngyuán)
* 長江天塹／长江天堑
* 長江後浪催前浪，一代新人換舊人／长江后浪催前浪，一代新人换旧人
* 長江後浪推前浪／长江后浪推前浪 (Chángjiāng hòulàng tuī qiánlàng)
* 長江無六月／长江无六月

#### Descendants

* → Manchu: ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ (golmin ula) (calque)

#### See also

* 黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé)
* 淮河 (Huái Hé)
* 濟水／济水 (Jǐ Shuǐ)
* 四瀆／四渎 (Sì Dú)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 長 | 江 |
| ちょう Grade: 2 | こう Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
From Chinese 長江／长江 (Cháng Jiāng, literally “long river”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちょーこー [chóꜜòkòò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [t͡ɕo̞ːko̞ː]

#### Noun

長(ちょう)江(こう) • (chōkō)
* (literal) a long river

#### Proper noun

長(ちょう)江(こう) • (Chōkō)
* the Yangtze River
    Synonym: 揚子江 (Yōsukō)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 長 | 江 |
| なが Grade: 2 | え Grade: S |
| kun'yomi ||
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [na̠ɡa̠e̞]

#### Proper noun

長(なが)江(え) • (Nagae)
* a surname

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 長 | 江 |

### Proper noun

長江 • (Janggang) (hangeul 장강)
* hanja form of 장강 (“Yangtze River”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 長 | 江 |

### Proper noun

長江
* chữ Hán form of Trường Giang (“Yangtze River”).