# 家族
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāzú
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚ ㄗㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa$^1$ zuk$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kâ-chhu̍k
* Eastern Min (BUC): gă-cŭk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ka-cho̍k / kee-cho̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gê$^1$ zog$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$cia-zoq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāzú
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ ㄗㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiazú
*** Wade–Giles: chia$^1$-tsu$^2$
*** Yale: jyā-dzú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiatzwu
*** Palladius: цзяцзу (czjaczu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaa$^1$ zuk$^6$
*** Yale: gā juhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaa$^1$ dzuk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ga$^1$ zug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-chhu̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: ga$^ˊ$ cug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ga$^1$ cug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuk̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gă-cŭk
*** Sinological IPA : /ka⁵⁵ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒuʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-cho̍k
*** Tâi-lô: ka-tso̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kazok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee-cho̍k
*** Tâi-lô: kee-tso̍k
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gê$^1$ zog$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ke tso̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /ke³³⁻²³ t͡sok̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$cia-zoq
*** MiniDict: cia$^平$ zoh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$jia-zoq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕia⁵⁵ zoʔ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kae dzuwk
Rime :
| Character | 家 | 族 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I |
| Fanqie | 古牙切 | 昨木切 |
| Baxter | kae | dzuwk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠa/ | /d͡zuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚa/ | /d͡zuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ka/ | /d͡zuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨ/ | /d͡zəwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ka/ | /d͡zuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ka/ | /d͡zuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ka/ | /d͡zʱuk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiā | zú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaa$^1$ | zuk$^6$ |

### Noun

家族
* family; household; clan
    家族世襲／家族世袭 ― jiāzú shìxí ― hereditary succession

#### Synonyms

* 人家
* 室 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 家
* 家子 (jiāzi) (colloquial)
* 家室 (jiāshì)
* 家庭 (jiātíng)
* 戶家／户家 (hùjiā) (literary)
* 房頭／房头 (fángtóu) (literary)
* 親族／亲族 (qīnzú)

#### Derived terms

* 大家族 (dàjiāzú)
* 家族史 (jiāzúshǐ)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 家(か)族(ぞく) (kazoku)
* → Korean: 가족(家族) (gajok)
* → Vietnamese: gia tộc (家族)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 家 | 族 |
| か Grade: 2 | ぞく Grade: 3 |
| kan'on | goon |

### Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 家族 (MC kae dzuwk). However, not attested until 1808, so possibly a borrowing from modern written Chinese 家族 (jiāzú) with the expected Japanese reading applied.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かぞく [káꜜzòkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠zo̞kɯ̟]
* Homophone: 華族

### Noun

家(か)族(ぞく) • (kazoku)
* a family, a household
** 2015 July 27, Åsa Ekström, “第１話 (Daiichiwa)　ようこそ、ここへ (Yōkoso, Koko E) [Chapter 1: Welcome Here]”, in さよならセプテンバー (Sayonara Seputenbā) [Goodbye September], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Creek & River:
    ぼくらは幸(しあわ)せな家(か)族(ぞく)になるよぜったい！
       Bokura wa shiawase na kazoku ni naru yo zettai!
       We’ll definitely make a happy family!

#### Usage notes

家族 refers to one’s own family, particularly immediate family – parents, children, and siblings. To refer to another’s family, one uses the honorific form ご家族 (go-kazoku, “another’s family”, honorific). To refer to one’s relatives generally, one uses 親戚 (shinseki, “relative”), which includes even distant relatives. For first cousins – i.e. aunts, uncles, and close cousins – one may use 近親 (kinshin, “close relative”). For close people, not necessarily family, one may use 身内 (miuchi, “close family, close friends”).

#### Synonyms

* 御(ご)家(か)族(ぞく), ご家(か)族(ぞく) (go-kazoku) (honorific)

### References

* ↑ “家族”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
   * Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 家 | 族 |

### Noun

家族 • (gajok) (hangeul 가족)
* hanja form of 가족 (“family, household”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 家 | 族 |

### Noun

家族
* chữ Hán form of gia tộc (“family”).