# ἐπιθυμέω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἐπῐ́θῡμος (epíthūmos, “desirous”) +‎ -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /e.pi.tʰyː.mé.ɔː/ → /e.pi.θyˈme.o/ → /e.pi.θiˈme.o/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /e.pi.tʰyː.mé.ɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /e.pi.tʰyˈme.o/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /e.pi.θyˈme.o/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /e.pi.θyˈme.o/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /e.pi.θiˈme.o/

### Verb

ἐπῐθῡμέω • (epithūméō)
* to set one's heart on a thing, desire, covet
** (with genitive)
** (Koine, with accusative)
*** 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 5:27–28:Ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐρρέθη· Οὐ μοιχεύσεις. ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι πᾶς ὁ βλέπων γυναῖκα πρὸς τὸ ἐπιθυμῆσαι αὐτὴν ἤδη ἐμοίχευσεν αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ.Ēkoúsate hóti errhéthē; Ou moikheúseis. egṑ dè légō humîn hóti pâs ho blépōn gunaîka pròs tò epithumêsai autḕn ḗdē emoíkheusen autḕn en têi kardíāi autoû.You have heard it said "Do not commit adultery." But I tell you that everyone looking at a woman to covet her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.
*** New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 13:8–9:Μηδενὶ μηδὲν ὀφείλετε, εἰ μὴ τὸ ἀλλήλους ἀγαπᾶν· ὁ γὰρ ἀγαπῶν τὸν ἕτερον νόμον πεπλήρωκεν. τὸ γάρ · Οὐ μοιχεύσεις, Οὐ φονεύσεις, Οὐ κλέψεις, Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις, καὶ εἴ τις ἑτέρα ἐντολή, ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ ⸃ ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται, ἐν τῷ· Ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν.Mēdenì mēdèn opheílete, ei mḕ tò allḗlous agapân; ho gàr agapôn tòn héteron nómon peplḗrōken. tò gár ; Ou moikheúseis, Ou phoneúseis, Ou klépseis, Ouk epithumḗseis, kaì eí tis hetéra entolḗ, en tôi lógōi toútōi ⸃ anakephalaioûtai, en tôi; Agapḗseis tòn plēsíon sou hōs seautón.Owe nothing to anyone, except loving each other. For the one who loves another has fulfilled the law. For "Do not commit adultery", "Do not murder", "Do not steal", "Do not covet", and whatever other command, is summed up in "Love your neighbor as yourself".
** (with infinitive) desire, want to
*** 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 143d:νῦν δὲ ἧττον γὰρ ἐκείνους ἢ τούσδε φιλῶ, καὶ μᾶλλον ἐπιθυμῶ εἰδέναι τίνες ἡμῖν τῶν νέων ἐπίδοξοι γενέσθαι ἐπιεικεῖς.nûn dè hêtton gàr ekeínous ḕ toúsde philô, kaì mâllon epithumô eidénai tínes hēmîn tôn néōn epídoxoi genésthai epieikeîs.For right now I care less for people there than people here, and I very much want to know which of our young men are likely to turn out well.
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus @perseus.tufts.edu:οὕτως ἐπιτεθύμηκα ἀκοῦσαιhoútōs epitethúmēka akoûsaiI have so desired to hear

#### Inflection

Present perfect, active: ἐπιτεθῡ́μηκα (epitethū́mēka) (see quotations)

#### Derived terms

* ἐπῐθῡ́μημα (epithū́mēma)
* ἐπῐθῡ́μησις (epithū́mēsis)
* ἐπῐθῡμήτειρα (epithūmḗteira)
* ἐπῐθῡμητής (epithūmētḗs)
* ἐπῐθῡμητικός (epithūmētikós)
* ἐπῐθῡμητός (epithūmētós)

#### Related terms

* ἐπῐθῡμίᾱ (epithūmíā)
* ἐπῐ́θῡμος (epíthūmos) (gloss)

### References

* “ἐπιθυμέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἐπιθυμέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ἐπιθυμέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* G1937 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* “ἐπιθυμέω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011