OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# counteruse
## English
### Etymology

From counter- +‎ use.

### Noun

counteruse (countable and uncountable, plural counteruses)
* The act of using something against someone or something.
** 2024 December 2, William Langewiesche, “The Secret Pentagon War Game That Offers a Stark Warning for Our Time”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:The critical challenge now is not how to ward off a sneak attack but how to control an escalation that occurs in plain sight — for instance, a conventional conflict that goes wrong, leading to nuclear saber rattling, leading to the first use of a few small nuclear weapons on the battlefield, leading to the counteruse of small nuclear weapons, leading to much of the world sliding uncontrollably into extinction.

### Verb

counteruse (third-person singular simple present counteruses, present participle counterusing, simple past and past participle counterused)
* (transitive) To use something against (someone or something).
** 1993, Paul J. Nahin, Time Machines: Time Travel in Physics, Metaphysics, and Science Fiction, Woodbury, N.Y.: American Institute of Physics, →ISBN, page 164:By the story's end, both sides are using and counterusing this technique, evading each other "to and fro along an ever increasing complexity of mutually perpendicular time axes." Indeed, the final count exceeds 75(!) time axes, making two-dimensional time look rather skimpy by comparison.
# poprzedzałaś
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔ.pʂɛˈd͡za.waɕ/
* Rhymes: -awaɕ
* Syllabification: po‧prze‧dza‧łaś

### Verb

poprzedzałaś
* feminine second-person singular past of poprzedzać
# enfleurage
## English
### Etymology

From French enfleurage.

### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /ˌɑ̃.fluˈɹɑʒ/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

enfleurage (usually uncountable, plural enfleurages)
* The process of extracting fragrance (essential oils) from flowers by using unscented wax or fat, then extracting with alcohol.
    The perfumes of plants like jasmine could only be extracted by enfleurage, as other methods of the time would denature the scents.
** 2002, Michel Faber, The Crimson Petal and the White, Canongate Books (2010), page 652:‘Thereʼs a man in Somerset who claims heʼs invented a method of enfleurage that requires no alcohol.’
** 2024 May 10, Lily Stewart, “A love letter to lilacs and the joys of fleeting pleasure”, in The Christian Science Monitor:I was set on developing a lilac enfleurage from my own shrub.

#### Derived terms

* absolute of enfleurage

#### Translations
### See also

* fat washing

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑ̃.flœ.ʁaʒ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

enfleurage m (usually uncountable, plural enfleurages)
* enfleurage

#### Related terms

* enfleurer
# evrur
## Icelandic
### Noun

evrur f
* inflection of evra:
** indefinite nominative plural
** indefinite accusative plural
# bâlbâitor
## Romanian
### Alternative forms

* bîlbîitor — 1953–1993 spelling

### Etymology

From bâlbâi +‎ -tor.

### Adjective

bâlbâitor m or n (feminine singular bâlbâitoare, masculine plural bâlbâitori, feminine and neuter plural bâlbâitoare)
* which babbles

#### Declension
### References

* bâlbâitor in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN
# pomatený
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpomatɛniː]
* Hyphenation: po‧ma‧te‧ný

### Adjective

pomatený (comparative pomatenější, superlative nejpomatenější, adverb pomateně)
* crazy, mad, unhinged

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “pomatený”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “pomatený”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “pomatený”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
# hit the fan
## English
### Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly derived from an old joke:
   A man in a crowded bar needed to defecate but couldn't find a bathroom, so he went upstairs and used a hole in the floor. Returning, he found everyone had gone except the bartender, who was cowering behind the bar. When the man asked what had happened, the bartender replied, 'Where were you when the shit hit the fan?'
Other possible sources include American/Canadian military slang or agricultural manure spreaders.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Verb

hit the fan (third-person singular simple present hits the fan, present participle hitting the fan, simple past and past participle hit the fan)
* (idiomatic, intransitive) To have a dramatic, usually negative, effect.
    They were just clowning around, when suddenly it all hit the fan.
    Then the shit really hit the fan.
** 2004 December 2, Neil Cavuto, “Interview With Jeff Flake”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):Let me ask you, Congressman, the case of a lot of these corporate scandals, I followed enough of them to know how -- how it works out. Once everything starts hitting the fan, the CEO, the chairman or maybe a large share of the board of directors simply leaves, resigns

#### Usage notes

* Usually in the phrase (when the) shit hits the fan. Use with other subjects than shit is probably intended to evoke the image without actually saying the word which is taboo in some contexts.

#### Related terms

* shit show
* shitstorm
* shower of shit
* shit happens

### References

* ↑ Hugh Rawson, "Wicked Words," 1989 in Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “shit”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
* ↑ Patridge, Eric (1986) A Dictionary of Catch Phrases: British and American, from the Sixteenth Century to the Present Day, Routledge
# ολοκαίνουργιος
## Greek
### Alternative forms

* ολοκαίνουριος (olokaínourios)
* ολοκαίνουργος (olokaínourgos) (colloquial)

### Adjective

ολοκαίνουργιος • (olokaínourgios) m (feminine ολοκαίνουργια, neuter ολοκαίνουργιο)
* brand new (unused)

#### Declension

| number case \ gender | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| number case \ gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | ολοκαίνουργιος • | ολοκαίνουργια • | ολοκαίνουργιο • | ολοκαίνουργιοι • | ολοκαίνουργιες • | ολοκαίνουργια • |
| genitive | ολοκαίνουργιου • | ολοκαίνουργιας • | ολοκαίνουργιου • | ολοκαίνουργιων • | ολοκαίνουργιων • | ολοκαίνουργιων • |
| accusative | ολοκαίνουργιο • | ολοκαίνουργια • | ολοκαίνουργιο • | ολοκαίνουργιους • | ολοκαίνουργιες • | ολοκαίνουργια • |
| vocative | ολοκαίνουργιε • | ολοκαίνουργια • | ολοκαίνουργιο • | ολοκαίνουργιοι • | ολοκαίνουργιες • | ολοκαίνουργια • |
# aferentacją
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (standard) /a.fɛ.rɛnˈta.t͡sjɔw̃/, (regional or dialectal, proscribed) /a.fɛ.rɛnˈta.t͡sjɔm/
* Rhymes: -at͡sjɔw̃
* Syllabification: a‧fe‧ren‧ta‧cją

### Noun

aferentacją
* instrumental singular of aferentacja
# semprevivo
## Italian
### Noun

semprevivo m (plural semprevivi)
* houseleek
# Garfunkel
## English
### Alternative forms

* Garfinkel

### Etymology

From Yiddish גאָרפֿינקל (gorfinkl, “carbuncle”).

### Proper noun

Garfunkel (plural Garfunkels)
* A surname.
# xamate
## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شَاه مَاتَ (šāh māta). from Persian شاه مات (šâh mât, “the king is ambushed/conquered”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʃaˈma.t͡ʃi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʃaˈma.t͡ʃi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ʃaˈma.te/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʃɐˈma.tɨ/
* Hyphenation: xa‧ma‧te

### Noun

xamate m (plural xamates)
* (chess) checkmate (conclusive victory in a game of chess)
    Synonyms: xaque-mate, xeque-mate

#### Related terms

* chá-mate

### Further reading

* “xamate”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
* xamate on the Portuguese Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{pt}$
# deun
## Dibabawon Manobo
### Noun

dèun
* leaf

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch duene, from Old Dutch *duni, from Proto-Germanic *duniz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwen-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /døːn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: deun
* Rhymes: -øːn

### Noun

deun m (plural deunen, diminutive deuntje n)
* tune
    Synonyms: wijs, wijsje

#### See also

* melodie

## Irish
### Verb

deun (present analytic deunann, future analytic deunfaidh, verbal noun deunamh, past participle deunta)
* Obsolete spelling of déan.
# прошлогодний
## Russian
### Etymology

про́шлый (próšlyj, “last”) +‎ -о- (-o-) +‎ год (god, “year”) +‎ -ний (-nij)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [prəʂɫɐˈɡodʲnʲɪj]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

прошлого́дний • (prošlogódnij)
* (relational) last year; last year's
    прошлого́дний снег ― prošlogódnij sneg ― last year's snow
** 1892, Антон Чехов [Anton Chekhov], “Глава II”, in Палата № 6; English translation from Constance Garnett, transl., Ward No. 6, 1921:На́до ду́мать, что чте́ние бы́ло одно́ю из его́ боле́зненных привы́чек, так как он с одина́ковою жа́дностью набра́сывался на всё, что попада́ло ему́ под ру́ки, да́же на прошлого́дние газе́ты и календари́.Nádo dúmatʹ, što čténije býlo odnóju iz jevó boléznennyx privýček, tak kak on s odinákovoju žádnostʹju nabrásyvalsja na vsjo, što popadálo jemú pod rúki, dáže na prošlogódnije gazéty i kalendarí.It must be supposed that reading was one of his morbid habits, as he fell upon anything that came into his hands with equal avidity, even last year's newspapers and calendars.

#### Synonyms

* летошний (letošnij) (dialectal)

#### Related terms

* про́шлый (próšlyj)
* год m (god)
# sernaid
## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *starnāti, from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- via the nasal infix formation *str̥néh₃ti.

### Verb

sernaid (verbal noun sreth)
* to arrange, to order, to dispose

#### Inflection

| | | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. |
| Present indicative | Abs. | | | | sernait | sernair | serntair |
| Present indicative | Conj. | | | | ·sernat | ·sernar | |
| Present indicative | Rel. | | | | | sernar | |
| Imperfect indicative | Imperfect indicative | | | ·sernad | | | |
| Preterite | Abs. | | | | | | |
| Preterite | Conj. | | | | | | |
| Preterite | Rel. | | | | | | |
| Perfect | Deut. | | | | | ro·sreth | ro·sretha |
| Perfect | Prot. | | | | | | |
| Future | Abs. | | | | | | |
| Future | Conj. | | | | | | |
| Future | Rel. | | | | | | |
| Conditional | Conditional | | | | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | | | | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Conj. | | | ·sera | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Rel. | | | | | | |
| Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive | | | | | ·sernte | |
| Imperative | Imperative | | sérnn | | | | |
| Verbal noun | Verbal noun | sreth | | | | | |
| Past participle | Past participle | srithiu (dative singular) | | | | | |
| Verbal of necessity | Verbal of necessity | srethi | | | | | |

#### Descendants

* Irish: searn

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “sernaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
# stepmother
## English
### Alternative forms

* step-mother

### Etymology

From Middle English stepmoder, from Old English stēopmōdor, from Proto-Germanic *steupamōdēr (“stepmother”), corresponding to step- +‎ mother. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stäifmuur (“stepmother”), Dutch stiefmoeder (“stepmother”), German Low German Steevmoder (“stepmother”), German Stiefmutter (“stepmother”), Danish stedmor (“stepmother”), Swedish styvmor (“stepmother”), Icelandic stjúpmóðir (“stepmother”). Compare also West Frisian styfmem (“stepmother”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈstɛpmʌðə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Hyphenation: step‧moth‧er

### Noun

stepmother (plural stepmothers)
* The wife of one's biological father, other than one's biological mother.
    Synonyms: (euphemistic) bonus mother, (same-sex and polygamous families) co-mother
    Hypernym: stepparent
    Coordinate term: stepfather
* (botany, rare) A viola, especially Viola tricolor, heartsease.
** 1974, Tove Jansson, translated by Thomas Teal, The Summer Book, Sort Of Books, published 2003, page 115:The second came up about ten days later in the lee of the channel marker, and it was called stepmother, or love-in-idelness.

#### Usage notes

* In Western heterosexual couples, this is typically after the divorce or death of the birth mother; in polygamous marriages and lesbian couples, the term may be used for co-mother or nonbirth mother.

#### Synonyms

* mother-in-law (dated)
* stepdame (archaic)
Dialectal forms:
* stepma (chiefly Ireland, US regional)
* stepmam (chiefly Ireland, Northern England)
* stepmama (chiefly US regional)
* stepmamma (chiefly US regional)
* stepmom (chiefly US)
* stepmomma (chiefly US, informal)
* stepmommy (chiefly US, informal)
* stepmum (chiefly UK, Commonwealth)
* stepmummy (chiefly UK, Commonwealth, informal)

#### Derived terms

* ex-stepmother

#### Translations
### See also

* Category:English terms prefixed with step-
* ex-stepfather
* ex-stepparent
* stepbrother
* stepchild
* stepdaughter
* stepmother-in-law
* stepfamily
* stepfather
* stepparent
* stepsibling
* stepsister
* stepson
# запалка
## Belarusian
### Etymology

From запа́льваць (zapálʹvacʹ, “to ignite, to set fire”) +‎ -лка (-lka). Compare Polish zapałka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [zaˈpaɫka]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

запа́лка • (zapálka) f inan (genitive запа́лкі, nominative plural запа́лкі, genitive plural запа́лак)
* match (a device to make fire)
    Synonym: се́рнік (sjérnik)
** 1940 [1861], Charles Dickens, anonymous translator, Вялікія чаканні, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Great Expectations, page 302:Ён не спяшаючыся паднёс запалку да свечкі, запаліў яе, кінуў запалку на падлогу і затаптаў нагою.Jon nje spjašajučysja padnjós zapalku da svječki, zapaliŭ jaje, kinuŭ zapalku na padlóhu i zataptaŭ nahóju.[original: He lighted the candle from the flaring match with great deliberation, and dropped the match, and trod it out.]

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

### References

* “запалка”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
* “запалка” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Formed as запа́лвам (zapálvam, “to ignite, to set fire”) +‎ -ка (-ka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [zɐˈpaɫkɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

запа́лка • (zapálka) f
* (lighter) lighter, strike a light
* fuse, squib

#### Declension
### References

* “запалка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “запалка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzapaɫka]

### Noun

запалка • (zapalka) f (plural запалки)
* lighter (fire making device)
* fuse, squib

#### Declension
### References

* запалка in Makedonisch Info (germansko-makedonski rečnik, makedonsko-germanski rečnik)
# Sguaitamatti
## Italian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Sguaitamatti m or f by sense
* a surname

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2024
# unbespeak
## English
### Etymology

From un- +‎ bespeak.

### Verb

unbespeak (third-person singular simple present unbespeaks, present participle unbespeaking, simple past unbespoke, past participle unbespoken)
* (obsolete, transitive) To unsay; to annul or cancel something that has been said.
** 1669 April 23 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Samuel Pepys, Mynors Bright, transcriber, “April 13th, 1669”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, The Diary of Samuel Pepys […], volume VIII, London: George Bell & Sons […]; Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co., published 1896, →OCLC:[…] after spending most of the afternoon also, I away home, and there sent for W. Hewer, and he and I by water to White Hall to loop among other things, for Mr. May, to unbespeak his dining with me to-morrow.

### References

* “unbespeak”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# Amalija
## Lithuanian
### Proper noun

Amalija f
* a female given name

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /amáːlija/

### Proper noun

Amȃlija f
* a female given name

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Amalija”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024
# ὑποθήκη
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From the verb ῠ̔ποτῐ́θημῐ (hupotíthēmi, “put down, pledge”). Morphologically, from ὑπο- (hupo-, “under”) +‎ -θήκη (-thḗkē, “case, holster”). Other suggestion, from ὀπτῐκός (optikós, “of or for sight”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hy.po.tʰɛ̌ː.kɛː/ → /y.poˈθi.ci/ → /i.poˈθi.ci/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hy.po.tʰɛ̌ː.kɛː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /(h)y.poˈtʰe̝.ke̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /y.poˈθi.ci/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /y.poˈθi.ci/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /i.poˈθi.ci/

### Noun

ῠ̔ποθήκη • (hupothḗkē) f (genitive ῠ̔ποθήκης); first declension
* suggestion, counsel, warning
    Χείρωνος ὑποθῆκαι ― Kheírōnos hupothêkai ― The Precepts of Chiron
* (law) pledge, deposit, mortgage
    Synonym: ῥύσιον (rhúsion)

#### Descendants

* Latin: hypothēca
* Catalan: hipoteca
* Czech: hypotéka
* Dutch: hypotheek
* English: hypothec
* French: hypothèque
* German: Hypothek
* Italian: ipoteca
* Portuguese: hipoteca
* Romanian: ipotecă
* Russian: ипотека (ipoteka)
* Spanish: hipoteca

### References

* “ὑποθήκη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ὑποθήκη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. deposit idem, page 212.hint idem, page 400.mortgage idem, page 542.pledge idem, page 620.security idem, page 747.suggestion idem, page 836.
* “ὑποθήκη”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
# chichado
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʃiˈʃa.du/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʃiˈʃa.du/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ʃiˈʃa.do/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʃiˈʃa.du/ [ʃiˈʃa.ðu]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʃiˈʃa.du/ [ʃiˈʃa.ðu]
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /t͡ʃiˈt͡ʃa.du/ [t͡ʃiˈt͡ʃa.ðu]
* Hyphenation: chi‧cha‧do

### Participle

chichado (feminine chichada, masculine plural chichados, feminine plural chichadas)
* past participle of chichar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃiˈt͡ʃado/ [t͡ʃiˈt͡ʃa.ð̞o]
* Rhymes: -ado
* Syllabification: chi‧cha‧do

### Participle

chichado (feminine chichada, masculine plural chichados, feminine plural chichadas)
* past participle of chichar
# فرزی
## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /fəɾ.ziː/

### Noun

فَرْزِی • (farzī) m (Hindi spelling फ़रज़ी)
* Alternative form of فَرْزِین (farzīn)
# alrdy
## English
### Adverb

alrdy (not comparable)
* (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of already.
# insgelijks
## Dutch
### Etymology

From earlier insghelijck +‎ -s (adverbial suffix), univerbation of Middle Dutch in (“in”) +‎ des (“its”) +‎ ghelijke (“likeness”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ins‧ge‧lijks

### Adverb

insgelijks
* likewise (said in reply to a well-wish)
    Prettig weekend!—Insgelijks!Have a nice weekend!—You too!

### References

* ↑ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
# quickplay
## English
### Etymology

From quick +‎ play.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

quickplay (uncountable)
* (chess) A style of play in which each player has a fixed amount of time available to make all moves.
* (video games) A mode in which the player can begin and play a game quickly, without time-consuming configuration or layered objectives.
# chichizinho
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From chichi (“pee”) +‎ -zinho.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʃiˌʃiˈzĩ.ɲu/ [ʃiˌʃiˈzĩ.j̃u]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʃiˌʃiˈzĩ.ɲu/ [ʃiˌʃiˈzĩ.j̃u]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ʃiˌʃiˈzi.ɲo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʃiˌʃiˈzi.ɲu/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʃiˌʃiˈzi.ɲu/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /t͡ʃiˌt͡ʃiˈzi.ɲu/
* Hyphenation: chi‧chi‧zi‧nho

### Noun

chichizinho m (plural chichizinhos)
* (Portugal, informal) smidgen (a little bit of something)
    Synonyms: nadinha, bocadinho, pouquinho
* diminutive of chichi

#### Related terms

* chichi

### Further reading

* “chichizinho”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
* “chichizinho”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
# действие
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic дѣиствиѥ (děistvije), probably via Russian де́йствие (déjstvije).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdɛjstviɛ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

де́йствие • (déjstvie) n
* action (something done so as to accomplish a purpose)

#### Declension
## Russian
### Alternative forms

* дѣ́йствіе (dě́jstvije) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic дѣиствиѥ (děistvije). By surface analysis, де́йство (déjstvo) +‎ -ие (-ije).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdʲejstvʲɪje]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

де́йствие • (déjstvije) n inan (genitive де́йствия, nominative plural де́йствия, genitive plural де́йствий)
* action, activity
** 1869, Лев Толстой [Leo Tolstoy], “Том 3, Часть первая, I”, in Война и мир; English translation from Aylmer and Louise Maude, transl., War and Peace, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922–1923:Де́йствия Наполео́на и Алекса́ндра, от сло́ва кото́рых зави́село, каза́лось, что́бы собы́тие соверши́лось и́ли не соверши́лось — бы́ли так же ма́ло произво́льны, как и де́йствие ка́ждого солда́та, ше́дшего в похо́д по жре́бию и́ли по набо́ру.Déjstvija Napoleóna i Aleksándra, ot slóva kotóryx zavíselo, kazálosʹ, štóby sobýtije soveršílosʹ íli ne soveršílosʹ — býli tak že málo proizvólʹny, kak i déjstvije káždovo soldáta, šédševo v poxód po žrébiju íli po nabóru.The actions of Napoleon and Alexander, on whose words the event seemed to hang, were as little voluntary as the actions of any soldier who was drawn into the campaign by lot or by conscription.
* effect, efficacy
* influence, impact
* (military, engineering, mathematics) operation
* (theater) act

#### Related terms

* де́йственный (déjstvennyj)
* действи́тельно (dejstvítelʹno)
* действи́тельность (dejstvítelʹnostʹ)
* действи́тельный (dejstvítelʹnyj)
* де́йствовать (déjstvovatʹ)
* де́йствующий (déjstvujuščij)
* чудоде́йственный (čudodéjstvennyj)