# jaque
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒak/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Portuguese jaca (“jackfruit”), from Malayalam ചക്ക (cakka) / Tamil சக்கை (cakkai).

#### Noun

jaque m or f (plural jaques)
* jackfruit

##### Alternative forms

* jacque

##### Derived terms

* jaquier (“jackfruit tree”)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old French jaque; see there for more.

#### Noun

jaque m (plural jaques)
* (historical) gambison

### Further reading

* “jaque”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* jacque

### Etymology

Usually linked to the given name Jacques; an alternative origin connects it with jaque (“coat of arms”), which is from Arabic شـَكّ (šakk, “breastplate”).

### Noun

jaque oblique singular, m (oblique plural jaques, nominative singular jaques, nominative plural jaque)
* a gambison; a type of tight-fitting shirt

#### Derived terms

* jaquet, jacquet

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: jaca
* French: jaque
* → German: Jacke
* → Middle English: jakke, jacke, jak, jake
** English: jack
** Yola: jock
* → Italian: giacca
* → Romanian: geacă
* → Sicilian: giacca
* → Venetan: xaca
From diminutive jaquet:
* French: jaquette
** → Catalan: jaqueta
** → German: Jackett
** → Greek: ζακέτα (zakéta)
** → Romanian: jachetă
** → Italian: giacchetta
** → Sicilian: giacchetta
** → Spanish: chaqueta
** → Portuguese: jaqueta
* → Albanian: xhaketë
* → English: jacket
* → Irish: seaicéad
* → Scottish Gaelic: seacaid

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* jeque (Brazil)

### Etymology

Borrowed from English jack.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʒa.ki/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʒa.ki/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʒa.ke/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʒa.kɨ/
* Hyphenation: ja‧que

### Noun

jaque m (plural jaques) (European Portuguese spelling)
* (nautical) jack (naval ensign)

### References

* ↑ “jaque”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
* ↑ “jaque”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxake/ [ˈxa.ke]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -ake
* Syllabification: ja‧que

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish xaque, from Arabic شاه (šāh, “shah; king chess piece”), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾ /⁠šāh⁠/, “king”). Doublet of cheque and escaque (“chess tile”), the latter formerly meaning "(any) chess piece" as well.
To explain the unusual rendering of Arabic -h as /k/ (-que), Coromines and Pascual suggest influence from escaque instead. They also mention an alternative idea they find less likely where the sound [h] was exaggerated as [k], cf. Medieval Latin nichil [ˈnikil]. Yet another explanation (not in Coromines and Pascual) for the /k/ is that it is from Arabic شاهك šāh-ak ("your king"), especially as it is used to announce an upcoming attack onto the enemy's king. First attested in 1283 as dar xaque ("to threaten the enemy's king").

#### Noun

jaque m (plural jaques)
* (chess) check
    No oí bien cuando me dijo « ¡Jaque! »I didn't hear well when she said "Check!"
* jeopardy
    Vamos, no me pongas en jaque con esa pregunta repentina.C'mon, don't put me in jeopardy with that sudden question.

##### Derived terms

* jácaro (“dandy”)
* jaquear (“to check, to bother”)
* jaque mate (“checkmate”)
* tener en jaque (“to bully”)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

jaque
* inflection of jaquir:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### References

* Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “jaque”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume III (G–Ma), Gredos, →ISBN, page 490

### Further reading

* “jaque”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014