# 閻羅王
## Chinese

* 閻羅王 (Gan)
* 阎罗王 (Wu)
* 閻羅王 (Cantonese)
* 閻羅王 (Written Standard Chinese)

### Etymology

Partial calque of Sanskrit यमराज (yamarāja).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Yánluó Wáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄨㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jim$^4$ lo$^4$ wong$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Ngiàm-lò-vòng / Ngiàm-ló-vòng
* Northern Min (KCR): Ngîng-lô̤-uâng
* Eastern Min (BUC): Ngià$^{→ngiá}$-là-uòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Giâm-lô-ông / Giâm-lô-n̂g
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngiam$^5$ lo$^5$ uang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gni-lu-waon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Yánluó Wáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄨㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Yánluó Wáng
*** Wade–Giles: Yen$^2$-lo$^2$ Wang$^2$
*** Yale: Yán-lwó Wáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yanluo Wang
*** Palladius: Яньло Ван (Janʹlo Van)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^4$ lo$^4$ wong$^4$
*** Yale: yìhm lòh wòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^4$ lo$^4$ wong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^4$ lo$^4$ wong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm²¹ lɔː²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Ngiàm-lò-vòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiam$^ˇ$ lo$^ˇ$ vong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam$^2$ lo$^2$ vong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯am¹¹ lo¹¹ voŋ¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Ngiàm-lò-vòng / Ngiàm-ló-vòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiam$^ˇ$ lo$^ˇ$ vong$^ˇ$ / ngiam$^ˇ$ lo$^ˋ$ vong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam$^2$ lo$^2$ vong$^2$ / ngiam$^2$ lo$^3$ vong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯am¹¹ lo¹¹ voŋ¹¹/, /ŋi̯am¹¹ lo³¹ voŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Ngîng-lô̤-uâng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋiŋ³³ lɔ³³ uaŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Ngià$^{→ngiá}$-là-uòng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋia⁵³⁻⁵⁵ l̃a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ uoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Giâm-lô-ông
*** Tâi-lô: Giâm-lô-ông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: giamloi'oong
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiam¹³⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ɡiam²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡiam²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiam²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, dated in Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Giâm-lô-n̂g
*** Tâi-lô: Giâm-lô-n̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: giamloi'ngg
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡiam²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiam²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ ŋ̍²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiam²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² ŋ̍²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngiam$^5$ lo$^5$ uang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiâm lô uâng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋiam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gni-lu-waon
*** MiniDict: nyi$^去$ lu waon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyi-lu-hhuaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²² lu⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃²¹/
* Middle Chinese: yem la hjwang
Rime :
| Character | 閻 | 羅 | 王 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 來 (37) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) | 歌 (94) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I | III |
| Fanqie | 余廉切 | 魯何切 | 雨方切 |
| Baxter | yem | la | hjwang |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇm/ | /lɑ/ | /ɦʉɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛm/ | /lɑ/ | /ɦʷiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jæm/ | /lɑ/ | /ɣiuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiam/ | /la/ | /ɦuaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛm/ | /lɑ/ | /ɣiuaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛm/ | /lɑ/ | /ɣĭwaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ɛm/ | /lɑ/ | /iwaŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yán | luó | wáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jim$^4$ | lo$^4$ | wong$^4$ |

### Proper noun

閻羅王
* (Buddhism, Chinese mythology) Synonym of 閻羅／阎罗 (Yánluó, “Yama (god of the underworld)”)
* (Church of the East, historical) the Devil.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 閻王, 閻羅, 閻羅王 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 閻王, 閻王爺, 閻羅, 閻羅王, 閻君 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 閻王爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 閻王爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 閻王爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 閻王爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 閻王爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 閻王爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 閻王爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 閻羅王 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 閻王爺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 閻王爺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 閻王爺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 閻王, 閻王爺爺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 閻王爺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 閻王 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 閻王爺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 閻王, 閻王爺爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 閻王 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 閻王爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 閻王爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 閻王爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 閻王 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 閻王爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 閻王爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 閻王爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 閻王老爺, 閻王, 閻王爺, 閻王老子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 閻王爺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 閻王爺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 閻王爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 閻王, 閻王老爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 閻王老爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 閻王老爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 閻王 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 閻王 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 閻王 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 閻王, 閻王五爹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 閻王 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 閻王 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 閻王, 閻王老子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 閻王, 閻王老二 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 閻老王 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 閻王老爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 閻王 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 閻羅王, 閻王, 閻王爺, 閻王老子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Fujian) | 閻羅皇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 閻羅王 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 閻羅王, 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 閻王, 閻羅王 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 閻王 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 閻王 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 閻王老爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yongzhou | 閻王菩薩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 閻王爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 閻老王 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 閻老王 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 閻老王 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 閻王爺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 閻王, 閻王爺, 閻王老爺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 閻王, 閻王老爺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 閻王, 閻王老爺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 閻王老爺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 閻王, 閻王老爺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 閻王 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 閻王 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 閻王 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 閻王老子, 閻王老子爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 閻羅王, 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 閻羅王 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 閻頭王 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 閻羅王 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 閻羅王 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 閻羅王 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 閻羅王 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 閻羅王 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 閻羅王 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 閻王 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 閻羅王, 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 閻流王 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 閻羅王, 閻王 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 閻王 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 閻羅王, 閻王爺 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 閻羅王 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 閻王 |
| Gan | Pengze | 閻王 |
| Gan | Yanshan | 閻王 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 閻王 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 閻王 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 閻王 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 閻頭王 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 閻羅王 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 閻羅王 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 閻王 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 閻羅王 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 閻王 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 閻羅王 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 閻羅王 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 閻羅王 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 閻羅王 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 閻羅王 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 閻羅王 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 閻王 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 閻王 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 閻王爺 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 閻王, 閻王爺, 閻君 |
| Jin | Datong | 閻王爺 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 閻王爺 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 閻王爺 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 閻王, 閻王爺兒 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 閻爺, 閻王爺 |
| Jin | Linhe | 閻王 |
| Jin | Jining | 閻王爺 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Jin | Handan | 閻王, 閻王爺 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 閻王爺 |
| Jin | Suide | 閻王 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Jiande | 閻龍王 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Jinhua | 閻龍王 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 閻龍王 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Tunxi | 閻羅王 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 閻羅王 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 閻羅王, 閻王 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 閻羅王, 閻君爺 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 閻羅王 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 閻羅王 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 閻羅王 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 閻羅王 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 閻羅王 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 閻羅王 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 閻羅王 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 閻羅王 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 閻羅王 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 閻羅 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 閻羅王 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 閻羅爺 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 閻羅王 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 閻羅王 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 閻羅王 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 閻公 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 閻王 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 閻流王 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 閻羅王 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 閻龍王 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dongbianzhou) | 閻王 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 閻羅王, 閻王 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 閻羅王 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 閻洛王 |
| Wu | Danyang | 閻王 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 閻羅王 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 閻羅王 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 閻羅大王 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 閻羅王 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 閻龍王 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 閻王 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) | 閻王 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 閻王 |
| Xiang | Hengshan | 閻王老子 |
| Xiang | Hengshan (Baiguo) | 閻王老子 |
| Xiang | Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) | 閻王 |
| Branch | Words |
| Protestant | 撒但, 撒旦 |
| Roman Catholic | 撒殫 |
| Church of the East | 閻羅王 |

#### Derived terms

* 去閻羅王處報到／去阎罗王处报到
* 閻羅王出告示——鬼睇／阎罗王出告示——鬼睇
* 閻羅王吊頸——你唔死我死／阎罗王吊颈——你唔死我死
* 閻羅王嫁女——鬼要／阎罗王嫁女——鬼要
* 閻羅王後一代——正鬼仔頭／阎罗王后一代——正鬼仔头
* 閻羅王打交——鬼打鬼／阎罗王打交——鬼打鬼
* 閻羅王打仗——鬼打鬼／阎罗王打仗——鬼打鬼
* 閻羅王招工——搵鬼嚟做／阎罗王招工——揾鬼嚟做
* 閻羅王探病——問你死未／阎罗王探病——问你死未
* 閻羅王揸攤——鬼買／阎罗王揸摊——鬼买
* 閻羅王貼告示——鬼話連篇／阎罗王贴告示——鬼话连篇 (Yánluó Wáng tiē gàoshì, guǐhuàliánpiān)
* 閻羅王開飯店——鬼食／阎罗王开饭店——鬼食

### References

* Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “n̂g”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, [With 1923 Supplement after the Appendix by Thomas Barclay, Shanghai: Commercial Press, Ltd.] edition (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 341; New Edition (With Chinese Character Glosses) edition, London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 341