# 包含
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bāohán
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠ ㄏㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baau$^1$ ham$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pâu-hàm
    (Hailu, HRS): bau$^ˋ$ ham
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pau-hâm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bao$^1$ ham$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bāohán
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ ㄏㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: baohán
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^1$-han$^2$
*** Yale: bāu-hán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bauharn
*** Palladius: баохань (baoxanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xän³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$包含 包涵
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baau$^1$ ham$^4$
*** Yale: bāau hàhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baau$^1$ ham$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bao$^1$ hem$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːu̯⁵⁵ hɐm²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pâu-hàm
*** Hakka Romanization System: bau$^ˊ$ ham$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bau$^1$ ham$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pau̯²⁴ ham¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bau$^ˋ$ ham
*** Sinological IPA: /pau⁵³ ham⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pau-hâm
*** Tâi-lô: pau-hâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pau'haam
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pau⁴⁴⁻²² ham²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pau³³ ham²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pau⁴⁴⁻²² ham¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pau⁴⁴⁻³³ ham²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pau⁴⁴⁻³³ ham²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bao$^1$ ham$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pau hâm
*** Sinological IPA : /pau³³⁻²³ ham⁵⁵/

### Verb

包含
* to contain; to include; to embody

#### Synonyms

* 儲藏／储藏 (chǔcáng)
* 包 (literary, or in compounds)
* 包孕 (bāoyùn)
* 包容 (bāoróng)
* 包括 (bāokuò)
* 包羅／包罗 (bāoluó)
* 包舉／包举 (bāojǔ) (literary)
* 包蘊／包蕴 (bāoyùn)
* 含
* 含有 (hányǒu)
* 含蓄 (hánxù)
* 囊括 (nángkuò)
* 容納／容纳 (róngnà)
* 涵括 (hánkuò)
* 涵蓋／涵盖 (hángài)
* 蘊含／蕴含 (yùnhán)
* 蘊涵／蕴涵 (yùnhán)
* 蘊藏／蕴藏 (yùncáng)
* 貯藏／贮藏 (zhùcáng)
* 連／连

#### See also

* (not to be confused with) 包涵 (bāohán)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 包 | 含 |
| ほう Grade: 4 | がん Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーがん [hòógáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞ːɡã̠ɴ]

### Noun

包(ほう)含(がん) • (hōgan)
* inclusion; subsumption; containment

### Verb

包(ほう)含(がん)する • (hōgan suru) suru (stem 包(ほう)含(がん)し (hōgan shi), past 包(ほう)含(がん)した (hōgan shita))
* to include; to subsume; to contain
    B(ビー)に完全(かんぜん)に包含(ほうがん)されている
       bī ni kanzen ni hōgan sareteiru
       entirely subsumed within B

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 包含し | ほうがんし | hōgan shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 包含し | ほうがんし | hōgan shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 包含する | ほうがんする | hōgan suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 包含する | ほうがんする | hōgan suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 包含すれ | ほうがんすれ | hōgan sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 包含せよ¹ 包含しろ² | ほうがんせよ¹ ほうがんしろ² | hōgan seyo¹ hōgan shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 包含される | ほうがんされる | hōgan sareru |
| Causative | 包含させる 包含さす | ほうがんさせる ほうがんさす | hōgan saseru hōgan sasu |
| Potential | 包含できる | ほうがんできる | hōgan dekiru |
| Volitional | 包含しよう | ほうがんしよう | hōgan shiyō |
| Negative | 包含しない | ほうがんしない | hōgan shinai |
| Negative continuative | 包含せず | ほうがんせず | hōgan sezu |
| Formal | 包含します | ほうがんします | hōgan shimasu |
| Perfective | 包含した | ほうがんした | hōgan shita |
| Conjunctive | 包含して | ほうがんして | hōgan shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 包含すれば | ほうがんすれば | hōgan sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 包 | 含 |

### Noun

包含 • (poham) (hangeul 포함)
* hanja form of 포함 (“inclusion”)