# 去年
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qùnián
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qü$^4$ nyian$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): heoi$^3$ nin$^4$ / heoi$^3$ nin$^{4-2}$
* Jin (Wiktionary): qy$^3$ nie$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ko̤̿-nīng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khì-nî / khìr-nî
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$chiu-gni
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): ke$^4$ nyienn$^2$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): qy$^4$ nien$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qùnián
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyùnián
*** Wade–Giles: chʻü$^4$-nien$^2$
*** Yale: chyù-nyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuhnian
*** Palladius: цюйнянь (cjujnjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: qü$^4$ nyian$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ky nian
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy²¹³ nʲiɛn²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: heoi$^3$ nin$^4$ / heoi$^3$ nin$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: heui nìhn / heui nín
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoey$^3$ nin$^4$ / hoey$^3$ nin$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hêu$^3$ nin$^4$ / hêu$^3$ nin$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɵy̯³³ niːn²¹/, /hɵy̯³³ niːn²¹⁻³⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qy$^3$ nie$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁵ nie¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ko̤̿-nīng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔ³³ niŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì-nî
*** Tâi-lô: khì-nî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qienii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khìr-nî
*** Tâi-lô: khìr-nî
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nĩ²⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$chiu-gni
*** MiniDict: chiu$^去$ nyi
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$qy-nyi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰy³³ n̠ʲi⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ke$^4$ nyienn$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɤ̞⁴⁵ n̠ʲi̯ẽ¹³/
** (Hengyang)
*** Wiktionary: qy$^4$ nien$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy³²⁴ n̠ʲi̯ɛn¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: khjoH nen
Rime :
| Character | 去 | 年 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 丘倨切 | 奴顚切 |
| Baxter | khjoH | nen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɨʌ$^H$/ | /nen/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰiɔ$^H$/ | /nen/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰiɔ$^H$/ | /nɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰɨə̆$^H$/ | /nɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰiɔ$^H$/ | /nen/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭo$^H$/ | /nien/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰi̯wo$^H$/ | /nien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qù | nián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | heoi$^3$ | nin$^4$ |

### Noun

去年
* last year
       Tā qùnián jià gěi le dàxué tóngxué. [Pinyin]
       She married her university classmate last year.
       Fēngzhí shōurù láikàn, qùnián 12 yuè 30 rì, “liàn yǔ zhìzuòrén” zài App Store chàngxiāobǎng dádào de zuìgāo páiwèi dì 4 míng. [Pinyin]
       In terms of peak revenue, "Lover and Producer" reached the 4th highest rank in the App Store's bestseller list in December last year.
    From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE
    Qùnián hǔ shí wú fū, jīnnián shí wú zǐ, shìyǐ kū āi yě. [Pinyin]
    Last year, the tiger ate my husband, and this year, it ate my son, so I am weeping sadly.
    From: 《韋員外家花樹歌 / 韦员外家花树歌》, Cen Shen, 700s
    Jīnnián huā sì qùnián hǎo, qùnián rén dào jīnnián lǎo. [Pinyin]
    This year's flowers are as good as yesteryear's, but the people this year are older than yesteryear.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 去年, 舊年 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 去年 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 去年, 頭年 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 去年 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 去年, 頭年 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 去年 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 去年, 頭年 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 去年, 上年, 頭年 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 去年 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 去年 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 去年, 頭年 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 上年, 頭年 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 去年, 頭年 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 年時個兒, 頭年裡 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 去年 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Weicheng) | 上年, 頭年 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Fangzi) | 上年, 頭年 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Changle | 上年 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shouguang | 今上年 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Rizhao | 上年 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Wulian | 上年, 頭年 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 去年, 年時 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 頭年 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 去年, 頭年, 上年 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Weifang (Hanting) | 頭年 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Changyi | 頭年 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Gaomi | 上年, 頭年 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 上年, 頭年 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Anqiu | 上年 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Linqu | 上年 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingzhou | 上年, 頭年 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 去年, 年時年, 年時個兒, 頭年 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 年時, 年兒個 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 年時個, 年時年 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 年時, 年時個, 去年, 上年 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 去年, 年時 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 年時, 年時個兒, 舊年 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 去年, 去年子, 年時, 頭年 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 年時, 去年 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 去年, 年時個 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 去年, 年時個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 昨年, 昨年子, 去年, 去年子, 上年, 上年子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Xindu) | 去年, 去年子, 舊年子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 去年子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 去年, 頭年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 去年, 去年子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 去年, 頭年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 去年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guanyang | 隔年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 去年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 舊年, 去年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 去年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 去年, 舊年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Binyang (Nanjie) | 去年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 去年, 舊年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 去年, 舊年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 去年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 去年, 上一年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 去年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pematangsiantar | 去年 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 去年 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 去年, 去年子, 舊年, 舊年子, 上年 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 去年子, 上年子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 去年, 去年子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 舊年, 上年 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 舊年, 上年 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 舊年, 上年 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 去年 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jintian) | 舊年, 去年 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jiangkou) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Changtan) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Dongxing | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Chongzuo (Laituan) | 舊年, 去年 |
| Cantonese | Fusui (Qujiu) | 舊年, 去年 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) | 去年 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 舊年 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 舊年 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 舊年 |
| Gan | Pengze | 舊年 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 舊年, 去年 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 舊年子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 舊年, 上春 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Tangkeng) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 舊年, 舊年哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Changting | 舊年哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 舊年子 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 舊年, 去年, 上年 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 去年 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Shahe) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Longtan) | 去年, 舊年 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Lingping) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Xingye (Gaofeng) | 舊背年 |
| Hakka | Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Pingle (Tong'an) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Yangshuo (Jinbao) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Longtan) | 舊年子 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Shiling) | 舊年子 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Longwang) | 舊年子 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Shibantan) | 舊年, 舊年子 |
| Hakka | Chengdu (Xindu Subdistrict) | 舊年, 舊年子 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Pontianak (Meixian) | 舊年 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Meixian) | 舊年 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 去年 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 去年 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 年時, 去年 |
| Jin | Datong | 年省, 年省個, 去年 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 年省, 年省個 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 年時 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 年時 |
| Jin | Linhe | 去年, 年時 |
| Jin | Jining | 去年 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 去年, 年省, 年時個兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 去年 |
| Jin | Handan | 去年, 年兒個, 頭年 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 去年 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 去年暝, 去年 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 舊年, 去年 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 頂年 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 舊年, 頂年 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Pingtian) | 去年 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Xiaowen) | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Dongsheng) | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Fengshun (Liuhuang) | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 舊年 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 去年 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 舊年, 舊年暝 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 舊年, 舊年暝 |
| Puxian Min | Fuding (Aoyao) | 舊年暝 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 去年 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 舊年 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 舊年 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Gejiayuan) | 一背年 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Zhegulu) | 舊年 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Silian) | 舊年 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Xiuxiang) | 舊年 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 去年, 舊年 |
| Southern Pinghua | Hengzhou (Baihe) | 舊年, 舊背年 |
| Southern Pinghua | Chongzuo (Laituan) | 去年 |
| Southern Pinghua | Liucheng (Yangmei) | 舊年 |
| Southern Pinghua | Luocheng (Niubi) | 去年 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dabu) | 去年 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Yangjia) | 去年, 去年時 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Qianjing) | 空年時 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) | 舊年 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liangjiang, Lingui) | 舊年 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) | 去年 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 去年 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Gaoqiao) | 去年 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 去年 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 舊年, 去年, 舊年子, 去年子 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 舊年, 舊年頭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 舊年 |
| Wu | Danyang | 舊年 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 舊年子, 去年子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 舊年子, 舊年 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 舊年子, 舊年 |
| Wu | Linhai | 舊年 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 舊年 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 上年 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 去年, 去年子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 去年, 去年子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 欠年 |

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 去年(きょねん) (kyonen)
* → Korean: 거년(去年) (geonyeon)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 去 | 年 |
| きょ Grade: 3 | ねん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きょねん [kyóꜜnèǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲo̞nẽ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

去(きょ)年(ねん) • (kyonen)
* last year

##### Usage notes

In New Year's cards (年賀状), 去年 should not be used because 去 has negative implications including “to die” or “to separate”, etc. 昨年(さくねん) (sakunen) or 旧年(きゅうねん) (kyūnen) should be used instead.

##### Antonyms

* 来年(らいねん) (rainen, “next year”)

##### See also

* 今年(ことし) (kotoshi)
* 当年(とうねん) (tōnen)
* 本年(ほんねん) (honnen) (somewhat rare)

### Etymology 2

/ko$_2$zo$_2$/ > /kozo/.

#### Noun

去年(こぞ) • (kozo)
* (obsolete) last year
** 905 Kokin Wakashū (poem #1)
    年の内に春はきにけりひととせを去年（こぞ）とやいはむ今年（ことし）とやいはん
* (obsolete) last night

### Related terms

時 (“Time”) :
| | ~ | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | Continual |
| Day | 日 | 一昨昨日 | 一昨日 | 昨日 | 今日 | 明日 | 明後日 | 毎日 |
| Morning | 朝 | — | 一昨朝 | 昨朝 | 今朝 | 明朝 | — | 毎朝 |
| Night | 晩 | — | 一昨晩 | 昨晩 | 今晩 | 明晩 | — | 毎晩 |
| Week | 週 | — | 先々週 | 先週 | 今週 | 来週 | 再来週 | 毎週 |
| Month | 月 | — | 先々月 | 先月 | 今月 | 来月 | 再来月 | 毎月 |
| Year | 年 | 一昨昨年 | 一昨年 | 去年 | 今年 | 来年 | 再来年 | 毎年 |

### References

* Kojima, Noriyuki with Arai Eizō (1989) [905] Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 5: Kokin Wakashū (in Japanese), Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 去 | 年 |

### Noun

去年 • (geonyeon) (hangeul 거년)
* hanja form of 거년 (“last year”)