# cras
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈkɾas]

### Adjective

cras (feminine crassa, masculine plural crassos, feminine plural crasses)
* gross (great, serious, flagrant, or shameful)

#### Derived terms

* crassament

### Further reading

* “cras” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *krās, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head, top”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /kraːs/, [kräːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /kras/, [kräs]
* Rhymes: -aːs

### Adverb

crās (not comparable)
* tomorrow
    Antonym: herī
    Crās Mārcus lūdōs vidēbit.Tomorrow, Marcus will see the games.
** 86 CE – 103 CE, Martial, Epigrammata 5.58:Crās tē vīctūrum, crās dīcis, Postume, semper. Dīc mihi, crās istud, Postume, quando venit? quam longē crās istud, ubi est? aut unde petendum? numquid apud Parthōs Armeniōsque latet? jam crās istud habet Priamī vel Nestoris annōs. crās istud quantī, dīc mihi, possit emī? crās vīvēs? hodiē jam vīvere, Postume, sērum est: ille sapit quisquis, Postume, vīxit heri.

#### Derived terms

* crāstinus
* prōcrāstinō

#### Descendants

* Italian: crai (archaic)
* Neapolitan: craje
* Old Galician-Portuguese: cras
** Galician: crás (archaic)
** Portuguese: crás (archaic)
* Old Spanish: cras
** Spanish: cras (archaic)
* Sardinian: cras

#### See also

* dē māne

### References

* Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “cras”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 181
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “cras”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 1275

### Further reading

* “cras”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “cras”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* cras in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* cras in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to-day the 5th of September; tomorrow September the 5th: hodie qui est dies Non. Sept.; cras qui dies futurus est Non. Sept.
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cras”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* gras

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin crassus.

### Noun

cras oblique singular, m (oblique plural cras, nominative singular cras, nominative plural cras)
* fat

#### Related terms

* craisse

#### Descendants

* French: gras, crasse
** → English: crass

### References

* “cras”, in DEAF: Dictionnaire Étymologique de l'Ancien Français, Heidelberg: Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1968-.

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin crās (“tomorrow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɾas̺/

### Adverb

cras
* tomorrow
** 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 353 (facsimile):
    con tigo non comerei out[ra] vez / ſe cras mige cõ meu p[adre] non quiſeres yr iãntar.
       I shall not eat with you again unless you will go to dine with me and my Father tomorrow.

#### Descendants

* Galician: crás (archaic)
* Portuguese: crás (archaic)

### See also

* eire
* oge

## Old Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin crās.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɾas/

### Adverb

cras
* tomorrow
** c. 1140 – 1207, anonymous, Poem of the Cid 537-538:Todos ſodes pagados ⁊ ninguno nõ por pagar / Cras ala mañana penſemos de caualgaRAll of you have been paid, none remains to be paid / Tomorrow morning let's get ready to ride

#### Descendants

* Spanish: cras (archaic)

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French crasse, Latin crassus. Doublet of gras.

### Adjective

cras m or n (feminine singular crasă, masculine plural crași, feminine and neuter plural crase)
* crass

#### Declension
## Sardinian
### Etymology

From Latin crās.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkras/, [ˈkɾaː.ză]

### Adverb

cras
* tomorrow

### References

* AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 347: “domani” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish cras, inherited from Latin crās.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɾas/ [ˈkɾas]
* Rhymes: -as
* Syllabification: cras

### Adverb

cras
* (obsolete) tomorrow
    Synonym: mañana
** 1589, Juan de Pineda, Diálogos familiares de la agricultura cristiana 58:La corneja dice con su canto cras, cras, que quiere decir mañana; mañana, también como el canto de los cuervos; y ansí los que viven de esperanzas pasan de día en día, prometiéndose buenaventura para los venideros, y porque en la materia de virtudes es mal caso dejar para mañana el bien, que hoy se puede hacer, condena Dios en la ley por aves inmundas a todos los linajes de cuervos, que siempre dicen cras o mañana.A small crow says in its song, cras cras, which means 'tomorrow', so does the song of regular crows. This is how those who live off hope pass their days, promising to themselves better times in future days. Among virtues, it is bad form to leave the good that can be done today till tomorrow, and so God condemns all types of crows as foul birds, because they say cras, that is 'tomorrow'.

#### Usage notes

* Already obsolescent by the late 16th century.

### Further reading

* “cras”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

## Welsh
### Etymology

Compare Cornish kras (“toasted”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kraːs/
* Rhymes: -aːs

### Adjective

cras (feminine singular cras, plural creision, equative crased, comparative crasach, superlative crasaf)
* dry, parched, scorched, arid
    Synonyms: sych, crib, crin
* rough, coarse, rude
    Synonyms: garw, cwrs
* harsh, grating
    Synonym: croch

#### Derived terms

* crasu (“to dry”)
* crasboeth (“hot and dry, torrid”)
* lletgras (“semiarid”)

### Noun

cras m (plural creision)
* Something dried or scorched.

#### Derived terms

* creision

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cras”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies