# 薰

| 薰 | U+85B0, &#34224; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-85B0 |
| ← 薯 [U+85AF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 薱 → [U+85B1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

薰 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+14, 20 strokes, cangjie input 廿竹土火 (THGF), four-corner 4433$_1$, composition ⿱艹熏)

#### Derived characters

* 𭌧, 𡓽, 𭳵, 𭸳, 𣌕, 𣎰, 𬅑, 𤓂, 䌲, 𮡍, 𬬡, 𧰣, 𪈧

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1062, character 46
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32192
* Dae Jaweon: page 1527, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3313, character 14
* Unihan data for U+85B0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 櫄 | *tqʰun |
| 薰 | *qʰun, *qʰuns |
| 曛 | *qʰun |
| 勲 | *qʰun |
| 熏 | *qʰun |
| 燻 | *qʰun |
| 獯 | *qʰun |
| 纁 | *qʰun |
| 醺 | *qʰun |
| 臐 | *qʰun, *qʰuns |
| 爋 | *qʰuns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰun, *qʰuns) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 熏 (OC *qʰun). However, the phonetic component is a reference to smoked herbs; it is also the original form of this character, so it indicates part of the meaning.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xūn (xun$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fan$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hiûn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hiun$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hŏng / hṳ̆ng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hong$^1$ / huong$^1$ / hyng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hun
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hung$^1$ / hng$^1$ / heng$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): hung$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shiun
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syun
*** Wade–Giles: hsün$^1$
*** Yale: syūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiun
*** Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fan$^1$
*** Yale: fān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiûn
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiun$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hiun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯un²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hiun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hiun⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hŏng / hṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /houŋ⁵⁵/, /hyŋ⁵⁵/
* hŏng - vernacular (“cigarette”);
* hṳ̆ng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: xjun, xjunH
Rime :
| Character | 薰 | 薰 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 許云切 | 許運切 |
| Baxter | xjun | xjunH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨun/ | /hɨun$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hiun/ | /hiun$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiuən/ | /xiuən$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hun/ | /hun$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xiuən/ | /xiuən$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭuən/ | /xĭuən$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi̯uən/ | /xi̯uən$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xūn | xùn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fan$^1$ | fan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰu[n]/, /*qʷʰər/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰun/, /*qʰuns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 薰 | 薰 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xūn | xūn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjun › | ‹ xjun › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰu[n]/ | /*qʷʰər/ |
| English | Allium | peaceful, harmonious |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 薰 | 薰 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 14107 | 14117 |
| Phonetic component | 熏 | 熏 |
| Rime group | 文 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 薰 | 訓 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰun/ | /*qʰuns/ |
| Notes | 薰轉註字 | |

### Definitions

薰
* fragrance of flowers
* coumarou, tonka bean
* (Min) cigarette; smoke (Classifier: 支 mn)
    From: 2018, 茄子蛋 (EggPlantEgg), 《浪流連》 (“Waves Wandering”)
    Góa í-keng koat-tēng beh chòe chi̍t ê siān-liông ê pháiⁿ-kiáⁿ, Hun mài koh chia̍h chiú bōe koh ta [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    I have decided to be a good-hearted hooligan, no more smoking or drinking again.
* to smoke
    See also: 熏
* to cauterize

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 香煙, 紙煙, 捲煙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 煙捲兒, 煙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 香煙, 煙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 香煙, 洋煙, 煙捲兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 香煙 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 洋煙, 洋煙捲兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 煙捲兒, 煙 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 煙捲兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 洋煙, 洋煙捲兒, 紙煙, 煙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 紙煙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 紙煙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 紙煙, 香煙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 香煙, 煙捲兒, 洋煙, 紙煙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 煙棒子, 煙棒棒子, 煙棒棒兒, 煙棒棒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 煙棒子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 煙棒子, 紙煙, 捲煙 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 紙煙 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 紙煙 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 紙煙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 紙煙, 香煙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 香煙, 紙煙, 煙, 條子, 條, 熏條子 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 紙煙, 香煙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 紙煙 dated, 煙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 紙煙, 煙崽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 香煙, 洋煙 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 香煙, 煙 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 紙煙, 香煙 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 煙仔, 煙, 黑米 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 煙仔, 煙, 香煙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 煙仔, 煙 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 煙仔, 煙 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 煙仔, 煙 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 煙 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 煙仔 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 煙仔 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 香煙 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 香煙, 煙 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 香煙, 煙 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 煙仔, 煙枝 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 煙仔, 煙 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 煙 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 香煙 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) | 煙仔, 煙 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) | 煙 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 香煙, 紙煙 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 紙煙 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 紙煙 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 煙 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 煙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 煙 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 煙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 薰 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 薰 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 紙煙 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 煙仔 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 煙枝 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 香煙 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 洋旱煙, 紙煙, 煙捲兒, 煙 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 紙煙, 洋旱煙 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 紙煙, 煙 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 洋煙 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 薰囝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 薰囝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 洋薰, 薰囝 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 薰囝 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 薰囝 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 洋薰 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 薰囝 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 薰囝 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 洋薰 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 洋薰 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 薰枝, 薰 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 薰枝, 薰 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 薰枝 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 薰 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 薰枝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 薰枝, 薰 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 薰 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 薰 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 薰 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 薰 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 薰枝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 薰枝 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 薰枝, 薰 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 洋薰 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 薰枝 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 薰 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 薰囝 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 薰囝, 薰 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 薰囝, 薰枝 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 薰 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 薰枝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 薰枝 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 薰囝, 薰 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 煙囝 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 煙囝 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 薰, 薰枝 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 薰 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 薰 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 薰 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 薰, 薰枝 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 薰 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 薰 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 煙崽 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 紙煙 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 香煙, 薰條 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 香煙 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 香煙, 煙 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 香煙 |
| Wu | Danyang | 香煙, 煙 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 香煙 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 香煙, 煙 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 香煙 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 香煙 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 紙煙, 煙 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 紙煙, 香煙 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 紙煙 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 香煙 |

### Compounds

* 一薰一蕕／一薰一莸
* 三沐三薰 (sānmùsānxūn)
* 利慾薰心／利欲薰心
* 利祿薰心／利禄薰心
* 南薰
* 憂心如薰／忧心如薰
* 摘豔薰香／摘艳薰香
* 薰囝
* 薰屎
* 薰心
* 薰染 (xūnrǎn)
* 薰沐
* 薰灼
* 薰然
* 薰蒸
* 薰穴求君
* 薰籠／薰笼
* 薰絲／薰丝
* 薰脩
* 薰草
* 薰蕕／薰莸
* 薰蕕同器／薰莸同器
* 薰蕕異器／薰莸异器
* 薰衣草 (xūnyīcǎo)
* 薰豁
* 薰赫
* 薰陶 (xūntáo)
* 薰陸／薰陆 (xūnlù)
* 薰風／薰风 (xūnfēng)
* 薰香
* 蘭薰桂馥／兰薰桂馥
* 食薰 (siăh→siĕh-*hŏng)

### References

* “薰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “薰”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 271.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 薫 |
| Kyūjitai | 薰 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 薫)
* smoke
* scent
* parfume
* smolder

#### Readings

* Go-on: くん (kun)
* Kan-on: くん (kun)
* Kun: かおる (kaoru, 薰る)
* Nanori: かおり (kaori)、かおる (kaoru)、かほ (kaho)、かほる (kahoru)、くに (kuni)、しげ (shige)、にほ (niho)、のぶ (nobu)、よし (yoshi)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɸʷun]
* Phonetic hangul: [훈]

### Hanja

Wikisource 薰 • (hun) (hangeul 훈, revised hun, McCune–Reischauer hun, Yale hwun)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

薰: Hán Nôm readings: huân
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.