# 加油
## Chinese

* This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

### Etymology

It started to be used as an interjection in the '60s and '70s during the Macau Grand Prix when people start chanting "加油", urging the drivers to step on the gas pedal to increase speed. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāyóu
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚ ㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa$^1$ jau$^{4-2}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kâ-yù
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ga$^1$ yu$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jia$^1$ iou$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gă-ìu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ka-iû / kee-iû
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gia$^1$ iu$^5$ / gê$^1$ iu$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ka $^6$yeu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāyóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ ㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiayóu
*** Wade–Giles: chia$^1$-yu$^2$
*** Yale: jyā-yóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiayou
*** Palladius: цзяю (czjaju)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ joʊ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāyóur
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ ㄧㄡˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiayóur
*** Wade–Giles: chia$^1$-yu$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: jyā-yóur
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiayoul
*** Palladius: цзяюр (czjajur)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ jɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaa$^1$ jau$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: gā yáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaa$^1$ jau$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ga$^1$ yeo$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaː⁵⁵ jɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-yù
*** Hakka Romanization System: ga$^ˊ$ iu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ga$^1$ yiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴ i̯u¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-yù
*** Hakka Romanization System: ga$^ˊ$ (r)iu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ga$^1$ yiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴ (j)i̯u¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ga$^1$ yu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ka⁴⁴⁻³⁵ iu¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jia$^1$ iou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕia¹¹ iəu¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gă-ìu
*** Sinological IPA : /ka⁵⁵ ieu⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-iû
*** Tâi-lô: ka-iû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ka'iuu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ka⁴⁴⁻²² iu²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ iu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ iu²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³ iu²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee-iû
*** Tâi-lô: kee-iû
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² iu¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gia$^1$ iu$^5$ / gê$^1$ iu$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kia iû / ke iû
*** Sinological IPA : /kia³³⁻²³ iu⁵⁵/, /ke³³⁻²³ iu⁵⁵/
* gia1 iu5 - as an interjection;
* gê1 iu5 - "to refuel".

### Verb

加⫽油 (verb-object) (intransitive)
* (literally) to oil; to lubricate
* (literally) to refuel
* (figuratively) to refuel to accelerate; to hit the gas
* (figuratively) to make extra effort; to work hard
* (figuratively) to cheer someone on

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 加油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 加油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 打油 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 打油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 加油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 上油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 上油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 上油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 上油 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 入油 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 加油 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 添油, 加油 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 添油, 加油 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 添油, 加油 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 添油, 加油 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 添油, 加油 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 添油, 加油 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 打油 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 加油 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 添油 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 加油 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 加油 GT |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 拍油, 添油 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 拍油 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 添油, 入油 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 加油 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 加油 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |

#### Derived terms

* 加油加醋
* 加油機／加油机
* 加油添醋
* 加油添醬／加油添酱
* 加油站 (jiāyóuzhàn)
* 火上加油 (huǒshàngjiāyóu)
* 空中加油
* 空中加油飛機／空中加油飞机

### Interjection

加油！
* come on!; go for it!; go!
       Jiāyóu, nǐ néng xíng de! [Pinyin]
       Come on, you can do it!
    中國，加油！／中国，加油！ ― Zhōngguó, jiāyóu! ― Go, China!

#### Usage notes

* This interjection is idiomatic. It is mainly used during sporting events, games or competitions, or just to encourage someone.

#### Synonyms

* (informal) 乾巴得／干巴得 (gānbādei)
* (Sichuanese) 雄起 (xióngqǐ)

#### Descendants

* → English: add oil (calque)