# 陛下
## Chinese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bìxià
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bai$^6$ haa$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pi-ha
* Eastern Min (BUC): bê-hâ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pē-hā
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bi$^6$ ê$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bìxià
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bìsià
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^4$-hsia$^4$
*** Yale: bì-syà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bihshiah
*** Palladius: бися (bisja)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bai$^6$ haa$^6$
*** Yale: baih hah
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bai$^6$ haa$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bei$^6$ ha$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɐi̯²² haː²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi-ha
*** Hakka Romanization System: bi ha
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bi$^4$ ha$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵ ha⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bê-hâ
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²⁴²⁻⁵³ $^{(h-)}$ɑ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pē-hā
*** Tâi-lô: pē-hā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pexha
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pe²²⁻²¹ ha²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pe⁴¹⁻²² ha⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pe²²⁻²¹ ha²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pe³³⁻¹¹ ha³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pe³³⁻²¹ ha³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bi$^6$ ê$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pĭ ĕ
*** Sinological IPA : /pi³⁵⁻¹¹ e³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: bejX haeX
Rime :
| Character | 陛 | 下 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | II |
| Fanqie | 傍禮切 | 胡雅切 |
| Baxter | bejX | haeX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bei$^X$/ | /ɦˠa$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bei$^X$/ | /ɦᵚa$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bɛi$^X$/ | /ɣa$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bɛj$^X$/ | /ɦaɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /bei$^X$/ | /ɣa$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /biei$^X$/ | /ɣa$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱiei$^X$/ | /ɣa$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bì | xià |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bai$^6$ | haa$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*biːʔ ɡraːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 下 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xià |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hæ$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡˁraʔ/ |
| English | down |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 陛 | 下 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 506 | 13445 |
| Phonetic component | 比 | 下 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 陛 | 下 |
| Old Chinese | /*biːʔ/ | /*ɡraːʔ/ |

### Noun

陛下
* (honorific) Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 陛(へい)下(か) (heika)
* → Korean: 폐하(陛下) (pyeha)
* → Vietnamese: bệ hạ (陛下)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 陛 | 下 |
| へい Grade: 6 | か Grade: 1 |
| kan'on ||

### Etymology

Literary Chinese 陛下 (bìxià)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) へーか [héꜜèkà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [he̞ːka̠]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

陛(へい)下(か) • (heika)
* (rare, attributive) down the steps to the emperor's palace, looking up
    Coordinate terms: 閣下, 猊下, 殿下
* (monarchy) Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty
    Coordinate terms: 閣下, 猊下, 殿下
    天(てん)皇(のう)陛(へい)下(か)
       Tennō Heika
       His Imperial Majesty the Emperor
    皇(こう)后(ごう)陛(へい)下(か)
       Kōgō Heika
       Her Imperial Majesty the Empress (Consort)
    天(てん)皇(のう)皇(こう)后(ごう)両(りょう)陛(へい)下(か)
       Tennō Kōgō Ryōheika
       Their Imperial Majesties the Emperor and Empress (Consort)
    女(じょ)王(おう)陛(へい)下(か)
       Jōu Heika
       Her Royal Majesty the Queen (Regnant)
** 2004 May 1, Izawa, Hiroshi with Yamada, Kotaro, “第(だい)28話(わ)　揺(ゆ)れる王(おう)国(こく) [Chapter 28: The Kingdom Shaken]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], volume 7 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, pages 150–151:勘(かん)違(ちが)いされては困(こま)る　貴(き)様(さま)のためになど戦(たたか)うつもりは毛(もう)頭(とう)ない！わしをつき動(うご)かすのは国王陛下(モルドレッド様)への忠(ちゅう)誠(せい)心(しん)のみ！Kanchigai sarete wa komaru Kisama no tame ni nado tatakau tsumori wa mōtō nai! Washi o tsukiugokasu no wa Kokuō Heika (Morudoreddo-sama) e no chūseishin nomi!Make no mistake, I have no intention of fighting for you! I am doing it only because I swore allegiance to His Majesty!

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 陛 | 下 |

### Noun

陛下 • (pyeha) (hangeul 폐하)
* hanja form of 폐하 (“Your Majesty”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 陛 | 下 |

### Noun

陛下
* chữ Hán form of bệ hạ (“Your Majesty”).