# 盟

| 盟 | U+76DF, &#30431; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76DF |
| ← 盞 [U+76DE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 盠 → [U+76E0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

盟 (Kangxi radical 108, 皿+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 日月月廿 (ABBT), four-corner 6710$_7$, composition ⿱明皿)

#### Derived characters

* 擝, 𤀄, 𨞚, 𦡉, 𬏾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 795, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23024
* Dae Jaweon: page 1210, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2565, character 7
* Unihan data for U+76DF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 盟 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 莔 | *mraːŋ, *qʰɯd |
| 明 | *mraŋ |
| 盟 | *mraŋ, *mraːŋs |
| 萌 | *mreːŋ |
| 奣 | *ʔmraːŋʔ |
Oracle bone script (𥁰): Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraŋ, *mraːŋs) : semantic 囧 + phonetic 皿 (OC *maŋʔ).
Bronze inscriptions (𥂗): Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraŋ, *mraːŋs) : phonetic 朙 + semantic 皿. 月 was added to 𥁰. 朙 is an ancient form of 明, and now this character (盟) is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraŋ, *mraːŋs) : phonetic 明 (OC *mraŋ) + semantic 皿.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): méng (meng$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): min$^2$, mong$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mang$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): mang$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): min$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mèn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mên$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): meng$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): měng
* Eastern Min (BUC): mèng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): morng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$men; $^6$min
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): min$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: méng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: méng
*** Wade–Giles: mêng$^2$
*** Yale: méng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meng
*** Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɤŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: min$^2$, mong$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: min, mung
*** Sinological IPA : /min²¹ moŋ²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mang$^4$
*** Yale: màhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: meng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: mang$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbaŋ²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: min$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /min³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: men$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: men$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /men¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mên$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mɛn¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: meng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /mə̃ŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: měng
*** Sinological IPA : /meiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mèng
*** Sinological IPA : /mɛiŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: morng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng
*** Tâi-lô: bîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: beeng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /biɪŋ²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mêng
*** Sinological IPA : /meŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$men; $^6$min
*** MiniDict: men$^去$; min$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$men; $^3$min
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mən²³/, /min²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /min¹³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit盟 (同盟) |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /məŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /məŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /məŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /məŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /məŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /məŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /məŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /mə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /məŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /mə̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /mɤŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /min²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /min³¹/ /moŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /min²¹/ 老 /moŋ²¹/ 新 |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /moŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /mən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /məŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /məŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /miŋ¹³/ /məŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /mə̃ŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /məŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /mən¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /men²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /meŋ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /miʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /man⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /min¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /min¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /min⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /men¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /men¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mɐŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /mɐŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /mɐŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /biŋ³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /mɛiŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /meiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /meŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /moŋ³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: mjaeng
Rime :
| Character | 盟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 武兵切 |
| Baxter | mjaeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /miajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /miɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | míng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ming$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mraŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mraŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 盟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | méng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*mraŋ/ |
| English | covenant |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 盟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 9189 |
| Phonetic component | 明 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 明 |
| Old Chinese | /*mraŋ/ |

#### Definitions

盟
* to swear; to pledge
* oath; covenant; alliance
* league (administrative unit in Inner Mongolia)

#### Compounds

* 不結盟／不结盟
* 主盟
* 乞盟
* 侯馬盟書／侯马盟书
* 割臂以盟
* 割臂盟
* 割臂盟公
* 加盟 (jiāméng)
* 加盟店 (jiāméngdiàn)
* 劫盟
* 匱盟／匮盟
* 同盟 (tóngméng)
* 同盟國／同盟国 (tóngméngguó)
* 同盟會／同盟会 (tóngménghuì)
* 同盟者 (tóngméngzhě)
* 國際聯盟／国际联盟 (Guójì Liánméng)
* 城下之盟 (chéngxiàzhīméng)
* 大同盟
* 姊妹盟
* 定盟
* 家族同盟
* 寒盟
* 屢盟／屡盟
* 山盟海誓 (shānménghǎishì)
* 拜盟 (bàiméng)
* 指地為盟／指地为盟
* 指水盟松
* 攻守同盟 (gōngshǒu tóngméng)
* 敗盟／败盟
* 普奧同盟／普奥同盟
* 曹柯之盟
* 會盟／会盟 (huìméng)
* 柯盟
* 桃園盟／桃园盟
* 歃血為盟／歃血为盟 (shàxuèwéiméng)
* 歃血而盟
* 海誓山盟 (hǎishìshānméng)
* 渝盟
* 潰盟／溃盟
* 澶淵之盟／澶渊之盟
* 盟主 (méngzhǔ)
* 盟兄弟 (méngxiōngdì)
* 盟友 (méngyǒu)
* 盟國／盟国 (méngguó)
* 盟府
* 盟戰／盟战
* 盟旗制度
* 盟書／盟书
* 盟約／盟约 (méngyuē)
* 盟誓
* 盟軍／盟军 (méngjūn)
* 盟邦 (méngbāng)
* 盟長／盟长 (méngzhǎng)
* 盟墨
* 神聖同盟／神圣同盟 (Shénshèng Tóngméng)
* 結盟／结盟 (jiéméng)
* 締盟／缔盟
* 聯盟／联盟 (liánméng)
* 蒞盟／莅盟
* 西歐聯盟／西欧联盟
* 要盟
* 訂盟／订盟
* 詛盟／诅盟
* 誓山盟海
* 誓海盟山
* 車笠之盟／车笠之盟
* 部落同盟
* 金石之盟
* 鷗盟／鸥盟
* 齊盟／齐盟
* 齧臂盟／啮臂盟

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mèng (meng$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maang$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mèng
*** Wade–Giles: mêng$^4$
*** Yale: mèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: menq
*** Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɤŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maang$^6$
*** Yale: maahng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maang$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mang$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːŋ²²/
* Middle Chinese: maengH
Rime :
| Character | 盟 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 莫更切 |
| Baxter | maengH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠæŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚaŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /maŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maɨjŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /mɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /mɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mang$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mraːŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 盟 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 9190 |
| Phonetic component | 明 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 孟 |
| Old Chinese | /*mraːŋs/ |

#### Definitions

盟
* Only used in 盟津, alternative form of 孟津 (Mèngjīn)

### References

* “盟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “盟”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 155.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* alliance

#### Readings

* Go-on: みょう (myō)
* Kan-on: めい (mei, Jōyō)
* Kun: ちかう (chikau, 盟う)、ちかい (chikai, 盟い)

## Korean
### Hanja

盟 (eumhun 맹세할 맹 (maengsehal maeng))
* hanja form of 맹 (“swear”)
* hanja form of 맹 (“oath, covenant, alliance”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

盟: Hán Nôm readings: minh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.