# ☉

| ☉ | U+2609, &#9737; SUN |
| ← ☈ [U+2608] | Miscellaneous Symbols | ☊ → [U+260A] |

## Translingual
### Etymology

The shield of the sun god Apollo, with a boss in the center. Medieval replacement of ⟨🜚⟩, the sun with a single ray, which in ancient times had replaced a sun orb surrounded by multiple rays.
Compare the Egyptian hieroglyph ⟨⟩ and the Chinese character ⟨⟩, both of which mean 'sun' and 'day'.

### Symbol

* (astronomy, astrology) Sol, the Sun.
    A subscript to variables in mathematical equations, such as π$_☉$ (solar parallax).
** 1803, Robert Patterson, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, volume 40 (in English), Princeton University Press, published 2013, page 71:Suppose the apparent angular distance of the sun & moon's nearest limbs [...] to be 110°.2′.30″ the app. alt of ☉'s lower limb measuring 20°.40′ and that of ☽'s lower limb 35°.24′
* (astronomy) solar mass.
    Synonym: M$_☉$
** 1939, Oppenheimer & Volkoff, “On Massive Neutron Cores”, in Physical Review, volume 55:For masses under $\textstyle {\frac {1}{3}}$☉ only one equilibrium solution exists
* (botany) annual.
* (alchemy) gold.
* (rare) Sunday.
    Refers to the Latin phrase dies Solis, which literally means "Sun's day".
* (philately) cancellation (with an ordinary post-office cancellation mark).
* (chemistry, obsolete) hydrogen (Daltonian symbol).
    Technically, this should be red: ☉. May also be typeset ⊙.

#### Synonyms

* (sun, daytime): ☼
* (sun, gold): 🌞︎, 🜚 (obsolete)

#### Derived terms

* (astronomy): M$_☉$ – solar mass (as a unit of measurement for the masses of stars)
    L$_☉$ – solar luminosity (as a unit of measurement).
    R$_☉$ – solar radius (as a unit of measurement).
    S$_☉$ – solar constant (as a unit of measurement).
* (alchemy): ☉⃞ (gold leaf, gold foil)

#### Related terms

* (botany): ⚇ (biennial)
* (astrology): 🝵 (Solar eclipse)

### Gallery

* An abstract variant
* A decorative variant in the Netherlands
* As a symbol for gold
* Symbol on a gold background

### See also

* 𓇳 (hieroglyph for Sun)
* ⊙ (mathematics, computing)

### References

* ↑ Jones, Alexander (1999) Astronomical Papyri from Oxyrhynchus, →ISBN, pages 62–63
* ↑ J. Lindley (1848) An introduction to botany‎, 4 edition, volume 2, London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, pages 385–386

## English
### Symbol

* (Should we delete this redundant sense?) the sun
** 1797, Sigismund Bacstrom, transl., Chemical Moon-Shine: Wherein is Demonstrated the True Subject of Philosophy, Where We are to Look for it, & How it is to be Prepared:The matter must be collected when the Ram is grasing. |: i.e. ☉ in ♈︎ :|
* (Should we delete this redundant sense?) (alchemy) gold
** 1650, Paracelsus, “Of the Nature of Things”, in John French, transl., A New Light of Alchymie, page 73:But that the five leſſer, and impurer Metalls, viz. ♀ ♃ ♄ ♂ and ☿ may be tranſmuted into the greater, pureſt, and moſt perfect Metalls, viz. into ☉ and ☾, it cannot be done without the Tincture, or Philoſophers ſtone.

## German
### Symbol

* (cartography): city center

## Latin
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

☉ m sg (genitive ☉lis); third declension
* (alchemy) Abbreviation of sol (“sun”).
** 1688, Caspar Cramer, Collegium chymicum, page 6:Sic ſunt homines, qui ad lumen candelæ non autem ☉lis cœcutiunt, morbus nyctalopia dicitur.Thus there are men who are blind to the light of a candle but not of the sun; the disease is called nyctalopia.

##### Declension

Third-declension noun, singular only.
Third-declension noun, singular only.

##### Derived terms

* ☉is

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

☉ n (genitive ☉rī); second declension
* (alchemy) Abbreviation of aurum (“gold”).
** 1701, Johann Christoph Sommerhoff, Lexicon pharmaceutico-chymicum latino-germanicum & germanico-latinum [Pharmaceutico-Chemical Lexicon, Latin-German and German-Latin], page 34:Aurum fulminans fit ex ☉ro in 🜆egis ſolutoFulminating gold is made from gold dissolved in aqua regia

##### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).