# 敏

| 敏 | U+654F, &#25935; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-654F |
| ← 敎 [U+654E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 敐 → [U+6550] |
| 敏 | U+FA41, &#64065; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA41 |
| ← 懲 [U+FA40] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 既 → [U+FA42] |
| 敏 | U+2F8C8, &#194760; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C8 |
| ← 㩬 [U+2F8C7] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 敬 → [U+2F8C9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

敏 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+7 in Chinese, 攴+6 in Japanese, 11 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人卜人大 (OYOK), four-corner 8854$_0$, composition ⿰每攵 or ⿰毎攵)
* fast, quick, clever, smart
* A given name

#### Derived characters

* 𠍁, 𠽊, 𪤓, 𢄯, 𭛿, 𢠨, 𢳺, 𭲅, 𪱃, 𣙕, 𤨨, 𰴈, 𥼖, 𬥧, 𪪉, 䲄, 𪉾
* 𭔍, 𭄼, 𭒘, 慜, 𤛎, 繁, 瀪, 鰵(鳘), 𪄴

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 471, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13202
* Dae Jaweon: page 823, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1463, character 1
* Unihan data for U+654F
* Unihan data for U+FA41
* Unihan data for U+2F8C8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 敏
* Western Zhou
* Bronze inscriptions
| | Old Chinese |
| 脢 | *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
| 挴 | *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ |
| 海 | *hmlɯːʔ |
| 毐 | *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ |
| 呣 | *mɯ |
| 拇 | *mɯʔ |
| 母 | *mɯʔ |
| 胟 | *mɯʔ |
| 姆 | *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ |
| 畮 | *mɯʔ |
| 踇 | *mɯʔ |
| 苺 | *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs |
| 莓 | *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
| 敏 | *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ |
| 鰵 | *mrɯŋʔ |
| 慜 | *mrɯŋʔ |
| 毋 | *ma |
| 梅 | *mɯː |
| 酶 | *mɯː |
| 鋂 | *mɯː |
| 每 | *mɯːʔ |
| 毎 | *mɯːs |
| 痗 | *mɯːs, *hmɯːs |
| 晦 | *hmɯːs |
| 誨 | *hmɯːs |
| 悔 | *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs |
| 霉 | *mrɯl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ) : phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ) + semantic 攴 (“hand; action”). The 攴 component was sometimes written as 又 (“hand”) in early writing.

### Etymology

Compare Burmese မြန် (mran, “quick, fast”) (Luce, 1981).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mǐn (min$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): man$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mén
* Eastern Min (BUC): mīng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bín
    (Teochew, Peng'im): miang$^2$ / miêng$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$min
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǐn
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǐn
*** Wade–Giles: min$^3$
*** Yale: mǐn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miin
*** Palladius: минь (minʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /min²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: man$^5$
*** Yale: máhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: man$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: men$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐn¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mén
*** Hakka Romanization System: men$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: men$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /men³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mīng
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bín
*** Tâi-lô: bín
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bien
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bin⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bin⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bin⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bin⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bin⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: miang$^2$ / miêng$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miáng / miéng
*** Sinological IPA : /miaŋ⁵²/, /mieŋ⁵²/
* miang2 - Shantou;
* miêng2 - Chaozhou.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit敏 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /min²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /min²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /min¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /miẽ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /miə̃⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /min⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /miẽ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /miə̃⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /miŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /mĩn⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /miŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /min⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /min⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /min⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /mĩ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /min²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /min²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /miəŋ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /miŋ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /mĩŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /miŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /min⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /min⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /meŋ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /miʌ̃³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /min³¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /min⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /min⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /min²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /men³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /mien²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mɐn²³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /mɐn²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /mɐn¹³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /bin⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /miŋ³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /meiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /miaŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /min²¹³/ |
* Middle Chinese: minX
Rime :
| Character | 敏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (44) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 眉殞切 |
| Baxter | minX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠiɪn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚin$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mien$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mjin$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /mjĕn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mǐĕn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯ĕn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǐn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | man$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mrə[n]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mrɯʔ/, /*mrɯŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 敏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mǐn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ min$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*mrə[n]ʔ/ (~ *mrəʔ) |
| English | diligent, active |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 敏 | 敏 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 9296 | 9297 |
| Phonetic component | 母 | 母 |
| Rime group | 之 | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 愍 | 愍 |
| Old Chinese | /*mrɯʔ/ | /*mrɯŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

敏
* quick
* clever

### Compounds

* 不敏 (bùmǐn)
* 伶俐聰敏／伶俐聪敏
* 俊敏
* 光敏作用
* 光敏症
* 勤敏
* 士敏土 (shìmǐntǔ)
* 心閑手敏／心闲手敏
* 恪敏
* 才思敏捷 (cáisīmǐnjié)
* 敏士
* 敏感 (mǐngǎn)
* 敏感度
* 敏感話題／敏感话题
* 敏慧 (mǐnhuì)
* 敏捷 (mǐnjié)
* 敏於伎／敏于伎
* 敏給／敏给
* 敏練慈愷／敏练慈恺
* 敏豆 (mǐndòu)
* 敏贍／敏赡
* 敏銳／敏锐 (mǐnruì)
* 敬謝不敏／敬谢不敏
* 機敏／机敏 (jīmǐn)
* 熱敏性／热敏性
* 熱敏電阻／热敏电阻 (rèmǐn diànzǔ)
* 神經過敏／神经过敏 (shénjīng guòmǐn)
* 穎敏／颖敏
* 精敏
* 聰敏／聪敏 (cōngmǐn)
* 膚敏／肤敏
* 西敏宮／西敏宫
* 西敏寺 (Xīmǐnsì)
* 辨敏
* 過敏／过敏 (guòmǐn)
* 過敏原／过敏原
* 遜志時敏／逊志时敏
* 銳敏／锐敏 (ruìmǐn)
* 開敏／开敏
* 靈敏／灵敏 (língmǐn)
* 靈敏度／灵敏度

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 敏 |
| Kyūjitai | 敏 &#xFA41; or 敏+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 敏󠄀 敏+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 敏󠄃 敏+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 敏)
* alert
* agile
* quick

#### Readings

* Go-on: みん (min)
* Kan-on: びん (bin, Jōyō)
* Kun: さとい (satoi, 敏い)、とし (toshi, 敏し)
* Nanori: あきら (akira)、さと (sato)、さとし (satoshi)、すすむ (susumu)、つとむ (tsutomu)、と (to)、とし (toshi)、はや (haya)、はやし (hayashi)、はる (haru)、みぬ (minu)、ゆき (yuki)、よし (yoshi)

#### Compounds

* 敏感(びんかん) (binkan, “sensitivity”)
* Kanji in this term
* 敏
* びん Grade: S
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 敏 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 敏 (MC minX).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) びん [bíꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [bʲĩɴ]

### Adjective

敏(びん) • (bin) -na (adnominal 敏(びん)な (bin na), adverbial 敏(びん)に (bin ni))
* quick, sharp

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 敏だろ | びんだろ | bin daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 敏で | びんで | bin de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 敏だ | びんだ | bin da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 敏な | びんな | bin na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 敏なら | びんなら | bin nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 敏であれ | びんであれ | bin de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 敏ではない 敏じゃない | びんではない びんじゃない | bin de wa nai bin ja nai |
| Informal past | 敏だった | びんだった | bin datta |
| Informal negative past | 敏ではなかった 敏じゃなかった | びんではなかった びんじゃなかった | bin de wa nakatta bin ja nakatta |
| Formal | 敏です | びんです | bin desu |
| Formal negative | 敏ではありません 敏じゃありません | びんではありません びんじゃありません | bin de wa arimasen bin ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 敏でした | びんでした | bin deshita |
| Formal negative past | 敏ではありませんでした 敏じゃありませんでした | びんではありませんでした びんじゃありませんでした | bin de wa arimasen deshita bin ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 敏で | びんで | bin de |
| Conditional | 敏なら（ば） | びんなら（ば） | bin nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 敏だったら | びんだったら | bin dattara |
| Volitional | 敏だろう | びんだろう | bin darō |
| Adverbial | 敏に | びんに | bin ni |
| Degree | 敏さ | びんさ | binsa |

### Noun

敏(びん) • (bin)
* quickness, sharpness

### Proper noun

敏(さとし) • (Satoshi)
* a male given name

### References

* ↑ “敏”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

敏 (eumhun 민첩할 민 (mincheophal min))
* hanja form of 민 (“nimble, agile”)
* hanja form of 민 (“quick-witted”)
* hanja form of 민 (“humble, well-mannered”)
* hanja form of 민 (“thorough”)
* hanja form of 민 (“hardworking”)

#### Compounds

* 민감 (敏感, min'gam, “sensitivity”)
* 민첩성 (敏捷性, mincheopseong, “agility”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

敏: Hán Nôm readings: mẫn, mắn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* mẫn cảm (敏感, “sensitive”)