# -ais
## French
### Pronunciation

* (France, Quebec) IPA: /ɛ/
* (France, Africa) IPA: /e/

### Etymology 1

From Middle French -ois, from conflation of Latin -ēbās and -iēbas — second, third, and fourth conjugation variants of -bās, later generalized to all verbs.

#### Suffix

-ais
* forms the first-person and second-person singular imperfect indicative form of a verb
    Je regardais la télé pendant que tu parlais au téléphone.I was watching the telly while you were talking on the phone.

##### Related terms

* -ait
* -ions
* -iez
* -aient

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old French -eis (feminine form -esche). In some senses from Late Latin, Vulgar Latin -iscus (from Frankish *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (“-ish”), conflated with Ancient Greek -ισκος (-iskos), all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos), in others from Latin -ēnsis. Akin to -ois.

#### Suffix

-ais (feminine -aise, masculine plural -ais, feminine plural -aises)
* forms adjectives that denote where something or someone is from
    ‎France + ‎-ais → ‎français
    ‎Angle(terre) + ‎-ais → ‎anglais
    ‎Marseille + ‎-ais → ‎marseillais

#### Suffix

-ais m (plural -ais)
* forms nouns that denote where something or someone is from
    ‎France + ‎-ais → ‎Français
    ‎Angle(terre) + ‎-ais → ‎Anglais
    ‎Marseille + ‎-ais → ‎Marseillais
* forms nouns that specify the name of the language spoken in this place
    ‎France + ‎-ais → ‎français
    ‎Angle(terre) + ‎-ais → ‎anglais

## Irish
### Suffix

-ais
* inflection of -as:
** vocative/genitive singular
** nominative/dative plural

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈajs/ [ˈaɪ̯s]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈajs/ [ˈaɪ̯s]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈajʃ/ [ˈaɪ̯ʃ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈajʃ/
* (Northeast Brazil) IPA: /ˈajʃ/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -ajs, (Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -ajʃ

### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* -aes (pre-reform)

#### Suffix

-ais m pl or f pl
* plural of -al

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -ades, with the loss of the intervocalic -d-, from Latin -ātis. Cognate with Galician -ades and Spanish -áis.

#### Alternative forms

* -ades (dated)
* -aes (pre-reform)

#### Suffix

-ais
* a suffix indicating the second-person plural present indicative of -ar
    ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-ais → ‎amais (“[you all/formal you] love”)
    ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-ais → ‎cantais (“[you all/formal you] sing”)

### Etymology 3
#### Alternative forms

* -ades (dated)
* -aes (pre-reform)

#### Suffix

-ais
* a suffix indicating the second-person plural present subjunctive of -er
    ‎correr (“to run”) + ‎-ais → ‎corrais (“[that] you all run”)
* a suffix indicating the second-person plural present subjunctive of -ir
    ‎emitir (“to emit”) + ‎-ais → ‎emitais (“[that] you all emit”)

### References

* ↑ '/Possâmos/, /façâmos/ e /saiâmos/, de novo' in Ciberdúvidas

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* (first-person singular preterite): (colloquial) -es

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales, standard) IPA: /ai̯s/
** (North Wales, colloquial) IPA: /ɛs/, /ɛʃ/, /ɪʃ/
* (South Wales, standard) IPA: /ai̯s/
** (South Wales, colloquial) IPA: /ɛs/

### Suffix

-ais
* verb suffix for the first-person singular preterite

#### Usage notes

In the literary language, -ais causes i-affection of internal vowels, for example, ‎canu (“to sing”) + ‎-ais → ‎cenais (“I sang”).