OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# mamzer
## English
### Alternative forms

* mamser, momser, momzer

### Etymology

From Hebrew ממזר (mamzér, “bastard”).

### Noun

mamzer (plural mamzers or mamzerim)
* (Judaism) A child born to Jewish parents whose relationship is incestuous or otherwise forbidden by Jewish law (e.g. an unmarried man and a married woman), or the descendant of such a person.
** 2001, David L. Lieber and Jules Harlow, Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary, page 1122:No descendant of a mamzer may ever enter the assembly, no matter how many generations later.
* A child who is born from an incestuous or adulterous relationship; a bastard.
* A contemptible person; a jerk.

#### Translations
## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* mamzeer (rare)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Yiddish ממזר (mamzer), from Hebrew מַמְזֵר (mamzér).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɑm.zər/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: mam‧zer

### Noun

mamzer m (plural mamzers or mamzeirem)
* (Judaism) mamzer, bastard (child born from a disallowed relationship)
# 雪花
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xuěhuā
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄏㄨㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): syut$^3$ faa$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siet-fâ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): soat-hoa / seh-hoe / serh-hoe / seh-hoa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): soh$^4$ huê$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$shiq-ho
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuěhuā
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄏㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuěhua
*** Wade–Giles: hsüeh$^3$-hua$^1$
*** Yale: sywě-hwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheuehua
*** Palladius: сюэхуа (sjuexua)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (雪花兒／雪花儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuěhuār
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄏㄨㄚㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuěhuar
*** Wade–Giles: hsüeh$^3$-hua$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: sywě-hwār
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheuehual
*** Palladius: сюэхуар (sjuexuar)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syut$^3$ faa$^1$
*** Yale: syut fā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: syt$^8$ faa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xud$^3$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /syːt̚³ faː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siet-fâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: xied$^ˋ$ fa$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiad$^5$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯et̚² fa²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soat-hoa
*** Tâi-lô: suat-hua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soathoaf
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suat̚⁵⁻²⁴ hua³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suat̚³²⁻⁴ hua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /suat̚³²⁻⁵ hua⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seh-hoe
*** Tâi-lô: seh-hue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sehhoef
*** IPA (Xiamen): /se(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hue⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: serh-hoe
*** Tâi-lô: serh-hue
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sə(ʔ)⁵ hue³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seh-hoa
*** Tâi-lô: seh-hua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sehhoaf
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /se(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hua⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: soh$^4$ huê$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: soh hue
*** Sinological IPA : /soʔ²⁻⁴ hue³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$shiq-ho
*** MiniDict: shih$^入$ ho
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$xiq-ho
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɪʔ³³ ho⁴⁴/

### Noun

雪花
* snowflake (Classifier: 片)
* noise (static produced by a TV when no signal is received)

#### Derived terms

* 雪花屏 (xuěhuā píng)
* 雪花球 (xuěhuāqiú)
* 雪花肉
* 雪花膏 (xuěhuāgāo)
* 雪花菜 (xuěhuācài)
* 雪花蓮／雪花莲 (xuěhuālián)
* 雪花銀／雪花银

#### See also

* 雪片 (xuěpiàn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 雪 | 花 |
| せつ > せっ Grade: 2 | か Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

雪(せっ)花(か) • (sekka)
* snowflake
# 惡化
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): èhuà
    (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ok$^3$ faa$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ok-hòa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ag$^4$ huê$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: èhuà
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: èhuà
*** Wade–Giles: o$^4$-hua$^4$
*** Yale: è-hwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ehhuah
*** Palladius: эхуа (exua)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$惡化／恶化 顎化／颚化 齶化／腭化
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ok$^3$ faa$^3$
*** Yale: ok fa
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ok$^8$ faa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: og$^3$ fa$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔːk̚³ faː³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok-hòa
*** Tâi-lô: ok-huà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: okhoax
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hua²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ hua⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hua²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hua¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hua²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ag$^4$ huê$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ak huè
*** Sinological IPA : /ak̚²⁻⁴ hue²¹³/

### Verb

惡化
* (intransitive) to worsen; to deteriorate; to take a turn for the worse
    環境惡化／环境恶化 ― huánjìng èhuà ― environmental degradation
       Shìtài yuèláiyuè èhuà. [Pinyin]
       The situation is getting worse.
* (transitive) to make worse; to exacerbate; to harm; to damage

#### Synonyms

* (to worsen): 變差／变差 (biànchà), 逆轉／逆转 (nìzhuǎn)
* (to make worse): 耽誤／耽误 (dānwu)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to worsen”): 好轉／好转 (hǎozhuǎn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 惡 | 化 |
| あく > あっ Jinmeiyō | か Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 惡化 – see the following entry. :
| 【悪化あっか】 | [noun] aggravation, deterioration, degeneration, corruption [verb] to worsen, to aggravate, to deteriorate Alternative spelling あっ化 |
(This term, 惡化, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 惡 | 化 |

### Noun

惡化 • (akhwa) (hangeul 악화)
* hanja form of 악화 (“deterioration, degeneration, aggravation, exacerbation”)
# 沃花
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ak-hoe / ak-hoa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ag$^4$ huê$^1$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ak-hoe
*** Tâi-lô: ak-hue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: akhoef
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ak̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hue³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ak-hoa
*** Tâi-lô: ak-hua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: akhoaf
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ak̚³²⁻⁵ hua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ak̚³²⁻⁴ hua⁴⁴/
* Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
** hoe - vernacular;
** hoa - literary.

### Verb

沃花
* (Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) to water flowers

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 澆花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 澆花 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 淋花 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 淋花 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 淋花 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 淋花 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 淋花 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 淋花 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 淋花 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 淋花 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 淋花, 浴花 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 沃花 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 沃花 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 沃花 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 沃花 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 沃花 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 沃花 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 沃花 |
# śrotownia
## Polish
### Etymology

From śrót +‎ -ownia.

### Pronunciation

* (Greater Poland):
** (Western Greater Poland) IPA: /ɕrɔˈtɔv.ɲa/

### Noun

śrotownia f
* (Western Greater Poland) windmill for milling wholemeal flour with two stones

### Further reading

* Oskar Kolberg (1877) “śrotownia”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 28
# 王后
## Chinese

* 王后

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wánghòu
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wong$^4$ hau$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vòng-heu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ông-hō͘ / ông-hiǒ / ông-hiō
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hêng$^5$ hou$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$waon-gheu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wánghòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wánghòu
*** Wade–Giles: wang$^2$-hou$^4$
*** Yale: wáng-hòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wanghow
*** Palladius: ванхоу (vanxou)
*** Sinological IPA : /wɑŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wong$^4$ hau$^6$
*** Yale: wòhng hauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wong$^4$ hau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wong$^4$ heo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔːŋ²¹ hɐu̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vòng-heu
*** Hakka Romanization System: vong$^ˇ$ heu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vong$^2$ heu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /voŋ¹¹ heu̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ông-hō͘
*** Tâi-lô: ông-hōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ongho
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔ²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ông-hiǒ
*** Tâi-lô: ông-hiǒ
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hio²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ông-hiō
*** Tâi-lô: ông-hiō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: onghioi
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔŋ²³⁻³³ hiɤ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hio³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hêng$^5$ hou$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hêng hŏu
*** Sinological IPA : /heŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hou³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$waon-gheu
*** MiniDict: waon$^去$ gheu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhuaan-hheu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦuɑ̃²² ɦɤ⁴⁴/

### Noun

王后
* queen consort

#### Synonyms

* (Hokkien) 王某

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 王 | 后 |
| おう Grade: 1 | こう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

王(おう)后(こう) • (ōkō)
* queen, empress

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 王 | 后 |

### Noun

王后 • (wanghu) (hangeul 왕후)
* hanja form of 왕후 (“queen, empress”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 王 | 后 |

### Noun

王后
* chữ Hán form of vương hậu (“queen, empress”).
# 光榮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guāngróng
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄤ ㄖㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwong$^1$ wing$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kông-yùng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kong-êng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guang$^1$ iong$^5$ / guang$^1$ uêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kuaon-yon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guāngróng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄤ ㄖㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guangróng
*** Wade–Giles: kuang$^1$-jung$^2$
*** Yale: gwāng-rúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guangrong
*** Palladius: гуанжун (guanžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwong$^1$ wing$^4$
*** Yale: gwōng wìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwong$^1$ wing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guong$^1$ wing$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông-yùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: gong$^ˊ$ iung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gong$^1$ yung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴ i̯uŋ¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông-yùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: gong$^ˊ$ (r)iung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gong$^1$ yung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴ (j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-êng
*** Tâi-lô: kong-îng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kong'eeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ iɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: guang$^1$ iong$^5$ / guang$^1$ uêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuang iông / kuang uêng
*** Sinological IPA : /kuaŋ³³⁻²³ ioŋ⁵⁵/, /kuaŋ³³⁻²³ ueŋ⁵⁵/
* guang1 iong5 - Chaozhou;
* guang1 uêng5 - Jieyang.

### Adjective

光榮
* honourable; glorious
    致富光榮／致富光荣 ― zhìfù guāngróng ― to get rich is glorious

#### Synonyms

* 光彩 (guāngcǎi)
* 光耀 (guāngyào)
* 名譽／名誉 (míngyù)
* 好聽／好听 (hǎotīng)
* 榮光／荣光 (róngguāng)
* 榮耀／荣耀 (róngyào)
* 風光／风光 (fēngguang) (figurative, colloquial)
* 體面／体面 (tǐmiàn)

#### Antonyms

* 不名譽／不名誉 (bùmíngyù)

### Noun

光榮
* honour; glory
    永遠的光榮／永远的光荣 ― yǒngyuǎn de guāngróng ― eternal glory

#### Synonyms

* 光彩 (guāngcǎi)
* 光芒 (guāngmáng)
* 榮耀／荣耀 (róngyào)
* 榮譽／荣誉 (róngyù)

### Derived terms

* 光榮榜／光荣榜 (guāngróngbǎng)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 光(こう)栄(えい) (kōei)
* → Korean: 광영(光榮) (gwang'yeong)
* → Vietnamese: quang vinh (光榮)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 光 | 榮 |
| こう Grade: 2 | えい Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 光榮 – see the following entry. :
| 【光栄こうえい】 | [adjective] honourable; an honour [noun] honour [verb] to bring honour |
(This term, 光榮, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 光 | 榮 |

### Noun

光榮 • (gwang'yeong) (hangeul 광영)
* hanja form of 광영 (“glory; honour”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 光 | 榮 |

### Noun

光榮
* chữ Hán form of quang vinh (“honor; glory”).

### Adjective

光榮
* chữ Hán form of quang vinh (“glorious”).
# 除数
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 除数 – see 除數 (“divisor; division”). (This term is the simplified form of 除數).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 除 | 数 |
| じょ Grade: 6 | すう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 除數 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じょすう [jòsúꜜù] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [d͡ʑo̞sɨː]

### Noun

除(じょ)数(すう) • (josū)
* (arithmetic) divisor

#### Related terms

* 加(か)算(さん) (kasan): 被(ひ)加(か)数(すう) (hikasū) + 加(か)数(すう) (kasū) = 和(わ) (wa)
* 減(げん)算(さん) (gensan): 被(ひ)減(げん)数(すう) (higensū) − 減(げん)数(すう) (gensū) = 差(さ) (sa)
* 乗(じょう)算(ざん) (jōzan): 被(ひ)乗(じょう)数(すう) (hijōsū) × 乗(じょう)数(すう) (jōsū) = 積(せき) (seki)
* 除(じょ)算(さん) (josan): 被(ひ)除(じょ)数(すう) (hijosū) ÷ 除(じょ)数(すう) (josū) = 商(しょう) (shō)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 弁える
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 弁
* わきま Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 辨える (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Japanese 辨ふ. The first element may be the ren'yōkei of Old Japanese 分く (“to separate”), whence Japanese 分ける (“to separate”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) わきまえる [wàkímáéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])
* (Tokyo) わきまえる [wàkímáꜜèrù] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [β̞a̠kʲima̠e̞ɾɯ̟]

### Verb

弁(わきま)える • (wakimaeru) transitive ichidan (stem 弁(わきま)え (wakimae), past 弁(わきま)えた (wakimaeta))
* distinguish, tell something from another thing
* to know (manners, one's place, etc.); to understand; to bear in mind
    偉(えら)そうな事(こと)言(い)う前(まえ)に身(み)の程(ほど)わきまえろっ！
       Erasō na koto iu mae ni mi no hodo wakimaero'!
       Know your place before you say anything pretentious!

#### Usage notes

This term is often spelled in hiragana.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 弁え | わきまえ | wakimae |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 弁え | わきまえ | wakimae |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 弁える | わきまえる | wakimaeru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 弁える | わきまえる | wakimaeru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 弁えれ | わきまえれ | wakimaere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 弁えよ¹ 弁えろ² | わきまえよ¹ わきまえろ² | wakimaeyo¹ wakimaero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 弁えられる | わきまえられる | wakimaerareru |
| Causative | 弁えさせる 弁えさす | わきまえさせる わきまえさす | wakimaesaseru wakimaesasu |
| Potential | 弁えられる 弁えれる³ | わきまえられる わきまえれる³ | wakimaerareru wakimaereru³ |
| Volitional | 弁えよう | わきまえよう | wakimaeyō |
| Negative | 弁えない 弁えぬ 弁えん | わきまえない わきまえぬ わきまえん | wakimaenai wakimaenu wakimaen |
| Negative continuative | 弁えず | わきまえず | wakimaezu |
| Formal | 弁えます | わきまえます | wakimaemasu |
| Perfective | 弁えた | わきまえた | wakimaeta |
| Conjunctive | 弁えて | わきまえて | wakimaete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 弁えれば | わきまえれば | wakimaereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
# decembermörker
## Swedish
### Etymology

Compound of december +‎ mörker.

### Noun

decembermörker n (uncountable)
* December darkness

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | decembermörker | decembermörkers |
| singular | definite | decembermörkret | decembermörkrets |
| plural | indefinite | — | — |
| plural | definite | — | — |

### Further reading

* decembermörker in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
# novembermörkrets
## Swedish
### Noun

novembermörkrets
* definite genitive singular of novembermörker
# kvällsmörkret
## Swedish
### Noun

kvällsmörkret
* definite singular of kvällsmörker
# nattmörkret
## Swedish
### Noun

nattmörkret
* definite singular of nattmörker
# mörkrumslampa
## Swedish
### Etymology

Compound of mörkrum +‎ -s- +‎ lampa.

### Noun

mörkrumslampa c
* safelight, lamp suitable for a darkroom

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | mörkrumslampa | mörkrumslampas |
| singular | definite | mörkrumslampan | mörkrumslampans |
| plural | indefinite | mörkrumslampor | mörkrumslampors |
| plural | definite | mörkrumslamporna | mörkrumslampornas |

### Further reading

* mörkrumslampa in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
# hand signal
## English
### Noun

hand signal (plural hand signals)
* A standardized hand gesture used by cyclists and some motorists to indicate intentions (such as turning or braking) to other traffic.
# wysławić
## Polish
### Etymology

From wy- +‎ sławić.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɘˈswa.vit͡ɕ/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Western Greater Poland) IPA: /vɘˈswa.vit͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -avit͡ɕ
* Syllabification: wy‧sła‧wić

### Verb

wysławić pf (imperfective wysławiać)
* (transitive, literary) to glorify (to exalt, or give glory or praise to something or someone)
* (reflexive with się, literary) to glorify oneself
* (transitive, Western Greater Poland) to list; to call by name
    Nie wysławił mnie wcale. ― He didn't say my surname at all.

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* wysławić in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* wysławić in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Oskar Kolberg (1877) “wysławić”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 28
# ar brofiad
## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /arˈbrɔvjad/

### Prepositional phrase

ar brofiad
* on probation, on trial

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ar brofiad”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# verisimilitudo
## Latin
### Etymology

From vērī, genitive singular of vērus (“true, real”), + similitūdō (“likeness, resemblance”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /u̯eː.ri.si.mi.liˈtuː.doː/, [u̯eːrɪs̠ɪmɪlʲɪˈt̪uːd̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ve.ri.si.mi.liˈtu.do/, [veris̬imiliˈt̪uːd̪o]

### Noun

vērisimilitūdō f (genitive vērisimilitūdinis); third declension
* true likeness; verisimilitude

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Related terms

* vērisimilis

#### Descendants

* French: vérisimilitude
** → English: verisimilitude
# krzet
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Greater Poland):
** (Western Greater Poland) IPA: /ˈkʂɛt/

### Noun

krzet m animal
* (Western Greater Poland) Alternative form of kret

### Further reading

* Oskar Kolberg (1877) “krzet”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 27
# Zusammenstauchen
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡suˈzamənˌʃtaʊ̯xn̩]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Zu‧sam‧men‧stau‧chen

### Noun

Zusammenstauchen n (strong, genitive Zusammenstauchens, no plural)
* gerund of zusammenstauchen
# doccan
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdok.kɑn/

### Noun

doccan
* accusative/genitive/dative singular of docce
# oriferous
## English
### Adjective

oriferous
* Containing or having ora (like e.g. a pollen grain).
* Misspelling of auriferous.
# เสนาบดี
## Thai
### Etymology

Borrowed from Pali senāpati (literally “army chief”), from senā (“army”) + pati (“chief”); ultimately from Sanskrit सेनापति (senāpati), from सेना (senā) + पति (pati). By surface analysis, เสนา (sěe-naa) +‎ บดี (bɔɔ-dii).
Cognate with Old Khmer senāpāti (“army general”), Modern Khmer សេនាបតី (seeniəptəy, “army general”), Old Javanese senāpati (“army general”), Modern Javanese ꦱꦺꦤꦥꦠꦶ (sénapati, “army general”), Lao ເສນາບໍດີ (sē nā bǭ dī, “army commander”).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | เสนาบดี e s n ā ɓ ɗ ī |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | เส-นา-บอ-ดี e s – n ā – ɓ ɒ – ɗ ī |
| Romanization | Paiboon | sěe-naa-bɔɔ-dii |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | se-na-bo-di |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /seː˩˩˦.naː˧.bɔː˧.diː˧/ |

### Noun

เสนาบดี • (sěe-naa-bɔɔ-dii) (classifier คน)
* (archaic, rare) military commander
* (archaic, replaced by รัฐมนตรี (rát-tà-mon-dtrii) from 1932) minister of state; cabinet minister
** 1931, สมาหารหิตะคดี (โป๊ โปรคุปต์), ขุน, “หมวด ฎ”, in พจนานุกรมกฎหมาย, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์โสภณพิพรรฒธนากร, page 118:
    ฟ้องอุทธรณ์คำพิพากษาศาลอุทธรณ์หรือกล่าวโทษเสนาบดีเจ้ากระทรวงในข้อที่เกี่ยวด้วยหน้าที่ราชการ
       fɔ́ɔng ùt-tɔɔn kam-pí-pâak-sǎa sǎan-ùt-tɔɔn rʉ̌ʉ glàao-tôot sěe-naa-bɔɔ-dii jâao grà-suuang nai kɔ̂ɔ tîi gìao dûai nâa-tîi râat-chá-gaan
       A petition to appeal a judgment of an appellate court or accuse a minister in charge of a ministry of a matter which relates to a public function
** 1932, พิทยาลงกรณ์, พระราชวรวงศ์เธอ กรมหมื่น, ข่าวตอนต้นรัชชกาลที่ ๓ ตามรายงานราชการอังกฤษ, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์โสภณพิพรรฒธนากร, page 1:
    สำเนาคำแปลจดหมายพระคลังหรือเสนาบดีว่าการต่างประเทศ
       sǎm-nao kam-bplɛɛ jòt-mǎai prá-klang rʉ̌ʉ sěe-naa-bɔɔ-dii wâa gaan dtàang-bprà-têet
       A copy of a translation of a letter of Phra Khlang or the minister in charge of foreign affairs
** 1944, ดำรงราชานุภาพ, สมเด็ดพระเจ้าบรมวงส์เทอ กรมพระยา, “นิทานที่ 8 เรื่อง เจ้าพระยาอภัยราชา (โรลังยัคมินส)”, in นิทานโบรานคดี, พระนคร: กรมสิลปากร, page 100:
    มองสิเออโรลังยัคมินสชำนาญทั้งกดหมายและลักสนะการปกครองไนยุโรปด้วยเคย...เปนเสนาบดีกะซวงมหาดไทยไนเบลเยียม
       mɔng-sì-əə roo-lang-yák-min cham-naan táng gòt-mǎai lɛ́ lák-sà-nà gaan-bpòk-krɔɔng nai yú-ròop dûai kəəi ... bpen sěe-naa-bɔɔ-dii gà-suuang má-hàat-tai nai beel-yîiam
       Monsieur Rolin-Jaequemyns was expert [in] both law and administrative methods in Europe for [he] used […] to be the minister [in charge of] the Ministry of Interior in Belgium.

#### Derived terms

* กฎเสนาบดี
* อัครมหาเสนาบดี (àk-krá-má-hǎa-sěe-naa-bɔɔ-dii)

### References

* ↑ ราชบัณฑิตยสภา (2020) พจนานุกรมโบราณศัพท์ ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสภา (in Thai), กรุงเทพฯ: สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา, →ISBN, page 81
# hazyna
## Turkmen
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَزِينَة (ḵazīna).

### Noun

hazyna (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])
* treasury, treasure house
* treasure
# atama
## Japanese
### Romanization

atama
* Rōmaji transcription of あたま

## Turkish
### Etymology 1

See atamak.

#### Noun

atama (definite accusative atamayı, plural atamalar)
* verbal noun of atamak (“to appoint”)
    Synonyms: tayin, nasıp, nasbetme

##### Declension
#### Verb

atama
* second-person singular negative imperative of atamak

### Etymology 2

See ata.

#### Noun

atama
* first-person singular single-possession possessive dative of ata

### Further reading

* “atama”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu

## Uzbek
### Noun

atama (plural atamalar)
* (grammar) term

#### Synonyms

* termin
# undesired
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English undesired; equivalent to un- +‎ desired.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -aɪə(ɹ)d

### Adjective

undesired (comparative more undesired, superlative most undesired)
* Not desired; unwanted.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* underside
# abbodas
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑb.bo.dɑs/

### Noun

abbodas
* nominative/accusative plural of abbod