# 才能
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cáinéng
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˊ ㄋㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): coi$^4$ nang$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhòi-nèn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): coi$^2$ nen$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): châi-lêng / châi-nn̂g
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cai$^5$ nêng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cáinéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˊ ㄋㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cáinéng
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻai$^2$-nêng$^2$
*** Yale: tsái-néng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsairneng
*** Palladius: цайнэн (cajnɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ nɤŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coi$^4$ nang$^4$
*** Yale: chòih nàhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi$^4$ nang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: coi$^4$ neng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ nɐŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhòi-nèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: coi$^ˇ$ nen$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: coi$^2$ nen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoi̯¹¹ nen¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: coi$^2$ nen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoɪ¹¹ nən¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: châi-lêng
*** Tâi-lô: tsâi-lîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zaileeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai¹³⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²³⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: châi-nn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: tsâi-nn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zainngg
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai²⁴⁻²² nŋ̍²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cai$^5$ nêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshâi nêng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ neŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dzoj nong
Rime :
| Character | 才 | 能 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 登 (129) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 昨哉切 | 奴登切 |
| Baxter | dzoj | nong |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zʌi/ | /nəŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zəi/ | /nəŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zɒi/ | /nəŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zəj/ | /nəŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zᴀi/ | /nəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zɒi/ | /nəŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡zʱɑ̆i/ | /nəŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cái | néng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | coi$^4$ | nang$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤə nˤə(ʔ)/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zlɯː nɯːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 才 | 能 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cái | néng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzoj › | ‹ nong › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]ˁə/ | /*nˁə(ʔ)/ (~ *nˁəŋ) |
| English | talent, ability | able; ability |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 才 | 能 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 3/4 |
| No. | 1061 | 9415 |
| Phonetic component | 才 | 能 |
| Rime group | 之 | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 裁 | 能 |
| Old Chinese | /*zlɯː/ | /*nɯːŋ/ |

### Noun

才能
* ability; talent; competence
* (literary) person of talent

#### Synonyms

* 一手
* 人才 (réncái)
* 伎倆／伎俩 (jìliǎng) (literary)
* 俊才 (jùncái)
* 兩手／两手 (liǎngshǒu)
* 力 (lì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 力量 (lìliàng)
* 功力 (gōnglì)
* 功夫 (gōngfu) (especially in martial arts)
* 天才 (tiāncái) (genius)
* 才具 (cáijù) (formal)
* 才力 (cáilì)
* 才器 (cáiqì) (literary)
* 才幹／才干 (cáigàn)
* 才情 (cáiqíng)
* 手段 (shǒuduàn)
* 手法 (shǒufǎ)
* 手眼 (shǒuyǎn)
* 手腕 (shǒuwàn)
* 手腕子 (shou$^3$ onn$^3$ zr) (Xiang)
* 才華／才华 (cáihuá)
* 技巧 (jìqiǎo)
* 把式 (bǎshì) (dialectal)
* 技能 (jìnéng)
* 技藝／技艺 (jìyì)
* 技術／技术 (jìshù)
* 招數／招数 (zhāoshù)
* 本事
* 本領／本领 (běnlǐng)
* 材幹／材干 (cáigān) (Classical Chinese)
* 能力 (nénglì)
* 能為／能为 (néngwéi) (literary, dialectal)
* 能耐 (néngnài) (colloquial)
* 能量 (néngliàng)
* 花頭／花头 (Wu)
* 著數／着数
* 解數／解数
* 資力／资力 (zīlì)
* 路數／路数 (lùshù)
* 身手 (shēnshǒu)
* 道行

#### Derived terms

* 才能幹濟／才能干济
* 特殊才能

#### Related terms

* 才學／才学 (cáixué)
* 才智 (cáizhì)
* 學問／学问 (xuéwèn)
* 智慧 (zhìhuì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 才能(さいのう) (sainō)
* → Korean: 재능(才能) (jaeneung)
* → Vietnamese: tài năng (才能)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 才 | 能 |
| さい Grade: 2 | のう Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

才(さい)能(のう) • (sainō)
* ability, talent
    才能(さいのう)が貧(まず)しい
       sainō ga mazushii
       I'm poor in ability.
    才能(さいのう)を伸(の)ばす
       sainō o nobasu
       I will extend my abilities.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 才 | 能 |

### Noun

才能 • (jaeneung) (hangeul 재능)
* hanja form of 재능 (“talent, ability”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 才 | 能 |

### Noun

才能
* chữ Hán form of tài năng (“talent”).