# -sto
## Finnish
### Etymology

From earlier *-s-ta-i, from -s + -ta (akin to -ea << *-e-ta, like in -usta) + -i, all noun-forming suffixes.

### Suffix

-sto (front vowel harmony variant -stö, linguistic notation -stO)
* Forms collective nouns from nouns indicating individual things.
    ‎kirja (“book”) + ‎-sto → ‎kirjasto (“library”)
    ‎laiva (“ship”) + ‎-sto → ‎laivasto (“fleet”)
    ‎puu (“tree”) + ‎-sto → ‎puisto (“park”)
    ‎oppi (“education, doctrine”) + ‎-sto → ‎opisto (“academy, institute”)

#### Declension

* The most common genitive and partitive plural forms for -sto nouns are -stojen and -stoja, which correspond to declension type 1 (valo). Kielitoimiston sanakirja classifies many but not all three-syllable words with this suffix as type 2 (palvelu) despite the fact that the forms ending in -stoiden/-stoitten and -stoita are rarely used in practice.
Possessive forms of -sto (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-stoni
-stoni
accusative
nom.
-stoni
-stoni
gen.
-stoni
genitive
-stoni
-stojeni
partitive
-stoani
-stojani
inessive
-stossani
-stoissani
elative
-stostani
-stoistani
illative
-stooni
-stoihini
adessive
-stollani
-stoillani
ablative
-stoltani
-stoiltani
allative
-stolleni
-stoilleni
essive
-stonani
-stoinani
translative
-stokseni
-stoikseni
abessive
-stottani
-stoittani
instructive
comitative
—-stoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-stosi
-stosi
accusative
nom.
-stosi
-stosi
gen.
-stosi
genitive
-stosi
-stojesi
partitive
-stoasi
-stojasi
inessive
-stossasi
-stoissasi
elative
-stostasi
-stoistasi
illative
-stoosi
-stoihisi
adessive
-stollasi
-stoillasi
ablative
-stoltasi
-stoiltasi
allative
-stollesi
-stoillesi
essive
-stonasi
-stoinasi
translative
-stoksesi
-stoiksesi
abessive
-stottasi
-stoittasi
instructive
comitative
—-stoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-stomme
-stomme
accusative
nom.
-stomme
-stomme
gen.
-stomme
genitive
-stomme
-stojemme
partitive
-stoamme
-stojamme
inessive
-stossamme
-stoissamme
elative
-stostamme
-stoistamme
illative
-stoomme
-stoihimme
adessive
-stollamme
-stoillamme
ablative
-stoltamme
-stoiltamme
allative
-stollemme
-stoillemme
essive
-stonamme
-stoinamme
translative
-stoksemme
-stoiksemme
abessive
-stottamme
-stoittamme
instructive
comitative
—-stoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-stonne
-stonne
accusative
nom.
-stonne
-stonne
gen.
-stonne
genitive
-stonne
-stojenne
partitive
-stoanne
-stojanne
inessive
-stossanne
-stoissanne
elative
-stostanne
-stoistanne
illative
-stoonne
-stoihinne
adessive
-stollanne
-stoillanne
ablative
-stoltanne
-stoiltanne
allative
-stollenne
-stoillenne
essive
-stonanne
-stoinanne
translative
-stoksenne
-stoiksenne
abessive
-stottanne
-stoittanne
instructive
comitative
—-stoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-stonsa
-stonsa
accusative
nom.
-stonsa
-stonsa
gen.
-stonsa
genitive
-stonsa
-stojensa
partitive
-stoaan -stoansa
-stojaan -stojansa
inessive
-stossaan -stossansa
-stoissaan -stoissansa
elative
-stostaan -stostansa
-stoistaan -stoistansa
illative
-stoonsa
-stoihinsa
adessive
-stollaan -stollansa
-stoillaan -stoillansa
ablative
-stoltaan -stoltansa
-stoiltaan -stoiltansa
allative
-stolleen -stollensa
-stoilleen -stoillensa
essive
-stonaan -stonansa
-stoinaan -stoinansa
translative
-stokseen -stoksensa
-stoikseen -stoiksensa
abessive
-stottaan -stottansa
-stoittaan -stoittansa
instructive
comitative
—-stoineen -stoinensa :
Possessive forms of -sto (Kotus type 2/palvelu, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-stoni
-stoni
accusative
nom.
-stoni
-stoni
gen.
-stoni
genitive
-stoni
-stojeni -stoideni -stoitteni
partitive
-stoani
-stojani -stoitani
inessive
-stossani
-stoissani
elative
-stostani
-stoistani
illative
-stooni
-stoihini
adessive
-stollani
-stoillani
ablative
-stoltani
-stoiltani
allative
-stolleni
-stoilleni
essive
-stonani
-stoinani
translative
-stokseni
-stoikseni
abessive
-stottani
-stoittani
instructive
comitative
—-stoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-stosi
-stosi
accusative
nom.
-stosi
-stosi
gen.
-stosi
genitive
-stosi
-stojesi -stoidesi -stoittesi
partitive
-stoasi
-stojasi -stoitasi
inessive
-stossasi
-stoissasi
elative
-stostasi
-stoistasi
illative
-stoosi
-stoihisi
adessive
-stollasi
-stoillasi
ablative
-stoltasi
-stoiltasi
allative
-stollesi
-stoillesi
essive
-stonasi
-stoinasi
translative
-stoksesi
-stoiksesi
abessive
-stottasi
-stoittasi
instructive
comitative
—-stoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-stomme
-stomme
accusative
nom.
-stomme
-stomme
gen.
-stomme
genitive
-stomme
-stojemme -stoidemme -stoittemme
partitive
-stoamme
-stojamme -stoitamme
inessive
-stossamme
-stoissamme
elative
-stostamme
-stoistamme
illative
-stoomme
-stoihimme
adessive
-stollamme
-stoillamme
ablative
-stoltamme
-stoiltamme
allative
-stollemme
-stoillemme
essive
-stonamme
-stoinamme
translative
-stoksemme
-stoiksemme
abessive
-stottamme
-stoittamme
instructive
comitative
—-stoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-stonne
-stonne
accusative
nom.
-stonne
-stonne
gen.
-stonne
genitive
-stonne
-stojenne -stoidenne -stoittenne
partitive
-stoanne
-stojanne -stoitanne
inessive
-stossanne
-stoissanne
elative
-stostanne
-stoistanne
illative
-stoonne
-stoihinne
adessive
-stollanne
-stoillanne
ablative
-stoltanne
-stoiltanne
allative
-stollenne
-stoillenne
essive
-stonanne
-stoinanne
translative
-stoksenne
-stoiksenne
abessive
-stottanne
-stoittanne
instructive
comitative
—-stoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-stonsa
-stonsa
accusative
nom.
-stonsa
-stonsa
gen.
-stonsa
genitive
-stonsa
-stojensa -stoidensa -stoittensa
partitive
-stoaan -stoansa
-stojaan -stoitaan -stojansa -stoitansa
inessive
-stossaan -stossansa
-stoissaan -stoissansa
elative
-stostaan -stostansa
-stoistaan -stoistansa
illative
-stoonsa
-stoihinsa
adessive
-stollaan -stollansa
-stoillaan -stoillansa
ablative
-stoltaan -stoltansa
-stoiltaan -stoiltansa
allative
-stolleen -stollensa
-stoilleen -stoillensa
essive
-stonaan -stonansa
-stoinaan -stoinansa
translative
-stokseen -stoksensa
-stoikseen -stoiksensa
abessive
-stottaan -stottansa
-stoittaan -stoittansa
instructive
comitative
—-stoineen -stoinensa :

#### Derived terms
## Ingrian
### Etymology

Akin to Finnish -sto.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /-sto/, [-s̠to̞]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /-sto/, [-ʃto̞]

### Suffix

-sto (front vowel variant -stö)
* Used to form collective nouns.
    ‎noori (“young”) + ‎-sto → ‎nooristo (“youth”)