# 壽

| 壽 | U+58FD, &#22781; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58FD |
| ← 壼 [U+58FC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 壾 → [U+58FE] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 寿 |
| Simplified | 寿 |
| Traditional | 壽 |

### Han character

壽 (Kangxi radical 33, 士+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土弓一戈 (GNMI), four-corner 4064$_1$, composition ⿳⿳士乛工一吋)

#### Derived characters

* 儔 嚋 壔 嬦 嶹 幬 懤 擣 檮 濤 燽 㹗 璹 疇 㿧 禱 䊭 䌧 譸 躊 軇 醻 鑄 隯 䮻 䲖 䬞 翿 魗 㿒 籌 薵 㦞 燾
* 𣋬 𤘀 𥌆 𥖲 𦡴 𦦰 𫇠 𫋤 𩟕 𧈙 𣀓 𣀘 𣤫 𣫐 𨞪 𩕯 𪇘 𠠐 𡕐 𡕑 𦏟 𩯦 𦦾 𣝷 𭷈 𮖻 𬰯

#### Descendants

* 寿

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 244, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5672
* Dae Jaweon: page 484, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 483, character 10
* Unihan data for U+58FD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 壽 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 禱 | *tuːʔ, *tuːs |
| 擣 | *tuːʔ |
| 檮 | *tuːʔ, *duː, *du |
| 壔 | *tuːʔ |
| 懤 | *tuːʔ, *du, *dus |
| 濤 | *duː, *duː |
| 燾 | *duː, *duːs |
| 翿 | *duː, *duːs |
| 幬 | *duːs, *du |
| 儔 | *duːs, *du |
| 譸 | *tu |
| 籌 | *du |
| 疇 | *du |
| 躊 | *du |
| 燽 | *du |
| 薵 | *du |
| 魗 | *tʰjuʔ, *dju |
| 醻 | *dju |
| 壽 | *djuʔ, *djus |
| 璹 | *djuʔ, *djuɡ |
| 鑄 | *tjos |
These forms are seen in bronze inscriptions:
* Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𢏚 (OC *du).
* Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𠷎 (𦓃).
* Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𠼡.
The current traditional glyph is from the composition #3, with 又 (yòu) becoming 寸 (cùn) (耂 + 𠾉).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shòu (shou$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄡˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sau$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): siu$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): su
    (Hailu, HRS): shiu$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): su$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): sou$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): siū
* Eastern Min (BUC): sêu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): siu$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siū
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siu$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zeu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shòu
*** Wade–Giles: shou$^4$
*** Yale: shòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: show
*** Palladius: шоу (šou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sau$^6$
*** Yale: sauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐu̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: siu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /siu³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: su
*** Hakka Romanization System: su
*** Hagfa Pinyim: su$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /su⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shiu$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃiu³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: su$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /su⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: sou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /səu⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: siū
*** Sinological IPA : /siu⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sêu
*** Sinological IPA : /siɛu²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: siu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiu²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siū
*** Tâi-lô: siū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siu²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siu²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siu³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siu³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siu$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siū
*** Sinological IPA : /siu¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zeu
*** MiniDict: zeu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zeu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɤ²³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit壽 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂou⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʂou⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʂou⁵³/ /sou⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʂou²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʃou⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʂou³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʂou⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʂɯ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʂəu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʂou¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʂɤu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /səu³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /səu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /səu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʂəu²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʂəɯ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʂɯ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /səu⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʂəu³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /səu⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zɤ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zɤ³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /zei¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /jɤu²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiu²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕiu¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʂəu⁵⁵/ /ʂəu¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ʂəɯ²¹/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɨu²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /su⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʃu⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐu²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /sɐu²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /sɐu²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /siu²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sieu²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /siu⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /siu³¹/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /tiu³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: dzyuwX, dzyuwH
Rime :
| Character | 壽 | 壽 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 殖酉切 | 承呪切 |
| Baxter | dzyuwX | dzyuwH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨu$^X$/ | /d͡ʑɨu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiu$^X$/ | /d͡ʑiu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiəu$^X$/ | /d͡ʑiəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑuw$^X$/ | /d͡ʑuw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiu$^X$/ | /ʑiu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭəu$^X$/ | /ʑĭəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ə̯u$^X$/ | /ʑi̯ə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shòu | shòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sau$^6$ | sau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-t]uʔ/, /*[N-t]uʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djuʔ/, /*djus/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 壽 | 壽 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shòu | shòu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyuw$^X$ › | ‹ dzyuw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[N-t]uʔ/ | /*[N-t]uʔ-s/ |
| English | longevity | longevity |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 壽 | 壽 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11707 | 11709 |
| Phonetic component | 壽 | 壽 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 受 | 授 |
| Old Chinese | /*djuʔ/ | /*djus/ |

#### Definitions

壽
* old age; long life
    福壽雙全／福寿双全 ― fúshòushuāngquán ― to enjoy both felicity and longevity
* life; age
* birthday
    壽辰／寿辰 ― shòuchén ― birthday
    祝壽／祝寿 ― zhùshòu ― to congratulate a person (usually an elderly person) on his or her birthday
* (euphemistic) funerary (especially prepared before one's death)
    壽材／寿材 ― shòucái ― coffin prepared before one's death
    壽衣／寿衣 ― shòuyī ― burial shroud (prepared before one's death)
* (Wu, Cantonese) foolish; stupid; cloddish
    壽頭／寿头 [Shanghainese] ― $^6$zeu-deu [Wugniu] ― silly person; fool; idiot
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 下壽／下寿
* 上壽／上寿 (shàngshòu)
* 並壽／并寿
* 中壽／中寿
* 享壽／享寿 (xiǎngshòu)
* 人壽／人寿 (rénshòu)
* 人壽保險／人寿保险 (rénshòu bǎoxiǎn)
* 人壽年豐／人寿年丰 (rénshòuniánfēng)
* 仁壽／仁寿
* 介壽／介寿 (Jièshòu)
* 借壽／借寿
* 做壽／做寿 (zuòshòu)
* 具壽／具寿
* 冥壽／冥寿
* 南山並壽／南山并寿
* 南山壽／南山寿
* 喬松之壽／乔松之寿
* 固壽／固寿
* 壽丹／寿丹
* 壽元／寿元
* 壽司／寿司 (shòusī)
* 壽命／寿命 (shòumìng)
* 壽器／寿器
* 壽國／寿国
* 壽域／寿域
* 壽堂／寿堂
* 壽夭／寿夭
* 壽妝／寿妆
* 壽山／寿山
* 壽山石／寿山石
* 壽山福海／寿山福海
* 壽序／寿序
* 壽房／寿房
* 壽數／寿数 (shòushù)
* 壽文／寿文
* 壽斑／寿斑
* 壽星／寿星 (shòuxīng)
* 壽星老兒／寿星老儿
* 壽木／寿木 (shòumù)
* 壽材／寿材 (shòucái)
* 壽板／寿板 (shòubǎn)
* 壽桃／寿桃 (shòutáo)
* 壽母／寿母
* 壽比南山／寿比南山 (shòubǐnánshān)
* 壽民／寿民
* 壽滿天年／寿满天年
* 壽祿／寿禄
* 壽禮／寿礼 (shòulǐ)
* 壽穴／寿穴 (shòuxué)
* 壽紀／寿纪
* 壽終／寿终 (shòuzhōng)
* 壽終內寢／寿终内寝
* 壽終正寢／寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn)
* 壽考／寿考
* 壽者相／寿者相
* 壽聯／寿联
* 壽藏／寿藏
* 壽衣／寿衣 (shòuyī)
* 壽觴／寿觞
* 壽誕／寿诞 (shòudàn)
* 壽豐／寿丰 (Shòufēng)
* 壽辰／寿辰 (shòuchén)
* 壽酒／寿酒 (shòujiǔ)
* 壽陵匍匐／寿陵匍匐
* 壽陽／寿阳
* 壽陽公主／寿阳公主
* 壽陽妝／寿阳妆
* 壽險／寿险 (shòuxiǎn)
* 壽頭／寿头 (shòutóu)
* 壽頭壽腦／寿头寿脑 (shòutóushòunǎo)
* 壽麵／寿面 (shòumiàn)
* 多福多壽／多福多寿
* 大壽／大寿 (dàshòu)
* 夭壽／夭寿 (yāoshòu)
* 天壽山／天寿山
* 富貴壽考／富贵寿考
* 嵩壽／嵩寿 (sōngshòu)
* 平均壽命／平均寿命 (píngjūn shòumìng)
* 延壽／延寿
* 延壽添嗣／延寿添嗣
* 延年益壽／延年益寿 (yánniányìshòu)
* 慶壽／庆寿 (qìngshòu)
* 折壽／折寿 (zhéshòu)
* 拜壽／拜寿 (bàishòu)
* 損壽／损寿
* 暖壽／暖寿
* 曼壽／曼寿
* 期頤之壽／期颐之寿
* 松喬之壽／松乔之寿
* 松柏之壽／松柏之寿
* 椿壽／椿寿
* 殀壽／夭寿
* 比壽／比寿
* 添壽／添寿
* 漢壽亭侯／汉寿亭侯
* 無量壽佛／无量寿佛
* 無量壽經／无量寿经
* 玉枝卜壽／玉枝卜寿
* 白壽／白寿 (báishòu)
* 百壽／百寿
* 百壽圖／百寿图
* 百齡眉壽／百龄眉寿
* 益壽／益寿 (yìshòu)
* 益壽延年／益寿延年 (yìshòuyánnián)
* 眉壽／眉寿 (méishòu)
* 短壽促命／短寿促命
* 祝壽／祝寿 (zhùshòu)
* 祝壽延年／祝寿延年
* 福壽／福寿 (fúshòu)
* 福壽全歸／福寿全归
* 福壽天成／福寿天成
* 福壽天齊／福寿天齐
* 福壽年高／福寿年高
* 福壽康寧／福寿康宁
* 福壽無疆／福寿无疆 (fúshòuwújiāng)
* 福壽粥／福寿粥
* 福壽綿綿／福寿绵绵
* 福壽綿長／福寿绵长
* 福壽膏／福寿膏
* 福壽雙全／福寿双全 (fúshòushuāngquán)
* 福壽餅／福寿饼
* 福壽齊天／福寿齐天
* 萬壽／万寿 (wànshòu)
* 萬壽千秋／万寿千秋
* 萬壽山／万寿山 (Wànshòushān)
* 萬壽橋／万寿桥 (Wànshòuqiáo)
* 萬壽無疆／万寿无疆 (wànshòuwújiāng)
* 萬壽菊／万寿菊 (wànshòujú)
* 積壽／积寿
* 米壽／米寿 (mǐshòu)
* 結壽緣／结寿缘
* 罵毛延壽／骂毛延寿
* 老壽星／老寿星 (lǎoshòuxīng)
* 賀壽／贺寿 (hèshòu)
* 鈴鐺壽星／铃铛寿星
* 長壽／长寿 (chángshòu)
* 長壽麵／长寿面 (chángshòumiàn)
* 陰壽／阴寿 (yīnshòu)
* 陽壽／阳寿 (yángshòu)
* 韓壽偷香／韩寿偷香
* 韓壽分香／韩寿分香
* 頤性養壽／颐性养寿
* 頤神養壽／颐神养寿
* 高壽／高寿 (gāoshòu)
* 鶴壽／鹤寿
* 麻姑獻壽／麻姑献寿
* 龜年鶴壽／龟年鹤寿

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siū
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siu$^7$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siū
*** Tâi-lô: siū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siu²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siu²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siu³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siu³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siu$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siū
*** Sinological IPA : /siu¹¹/

#### Definitions

壽
* (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of 岫 (“nest, den or lair of animals”)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 寿 |
| Kyūjitai | 壽 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 寿)
* longevity, long life
* congratulations

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅ (ju)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū)
* Kan’yō-on: す (su)
* Kun: ことぶき (kotobuki, 壽)、ことぶく (kotobuku, 壽く)、く (ku)、ことほぐ (kotohogu, 壽ぐ)、ぐ (gu)
* Nanori: かず (kazu)、じ (ji)、じゅう (jū)、すっ (su')、すみ (sumi)、とし (toshi)、としかつ (toshikatsu)、なが (naga)、のぶ (nobu)、のり (nori)、ひさ (hisa)、ひさし (hisashi)、やす (yasu)、やすし (yasushi)

##### Usage notes

Seldom used in modern Japanese. See the 寿 entry for further details.

## Korean
### Hanja

壽 (eum 수 (su))
* long life
    壽 (eum 장수하다 (jangsuhada))
    To live to a great age

## Vietnamese
### Han character
#### Readings

壽: Hán Việt readings: thọ
壽: Nôm readings: thọ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.