# 俄羅斯
## Chinese

* 俄羅斯 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 俄羅斯 (Cantonese)
* 俄羅斯 (Classical)
* 俄羅斯 (Gan)
* Ngò-lò-sṳ̂ (Hakka)
* Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆ (Eastern Min)
* Gô-lô-su (Southern Min)
* 俄羅斯 (Wu)

### Etymology

Qing-era transcription of Manchu ᠣᡵᠣᠰ (oros, “Russians; Russia”), from Classical Mongolian ᠣᠷᠤᠰ᠋ (orus, “Russians; Russia”), from Middle Mongol 斡羅思 (orus, “Rus”), from Kipchak [Term?] (“Rus”) (whence Armeno-Kipchak Որուս (Orus, “Ruthenia”), with vowel-harmonic prothesis o- before liquid r-), from Old East Slavic Русь f (Rusĭ, “Rus”), from Proto-Finnic *roocci (“Swede, Varangian”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Éluósī, Èluósī
    (Zhuyin): ㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ, ㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngo$^4$ lo$^4$ si$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngo$^3$ lo$^3$ lhu$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Ngò-lò-sṳ̂
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngo$^2$ lo$^2$ si$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Gô-lô-su / Ngô͘-lô-sir
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngo$^5$ lo$^5$ se$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ngu-lu-sy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Éluósī
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: éluósih
*** Wade–Giles: o$^2$-lo$^2$-ssŭ$^1$
*** Yale: é-lwó-sz̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: erluosy
*** Palladius: элосы (elosy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant, common in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Èluósī
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: èluósih
*** Wade–Giles: o$^4$-lo$^2$-ssŭ$^1$
*** Yale: è-lwó-sz̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ehluosy
*** Palladius: элосы (elosy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngo$^4$ lo$^4$ si$^1$
*** Yale: ngòh lòh sī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngo$^4$ lo$^4$ si$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngo$^4$ lo$^4$ xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔː²¹ lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngo$^3$ lo$^3$ lhu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡᵘɔ²² lᵘɔ²² ɬu³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Ngò-lò-sṳ̂
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngo$^ˇ$ lo$^ˇ$ sii$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngo$^2$ lo$^2$ si$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹ lo¹¹ sɨ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngo$^2$ lo$^2$ si$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹ lo¹¹ sz̩⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋo⁵³⁻³³ l̃o⁵³⁻³³ $^{(s-)}$ly⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Gô-lô-su
*** Tâi-lô: Gô-lô-su
*** Phofsit Daibuun: goiloisw
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡo²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡo²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ngô͘-lô-sir
*** Tâi-lô: Ngôo-lô-sir
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngo$^5$ lo$^5$ se$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngô lô sṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sɯ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ngu-lu-sy
*** MiniDict: ngu$^去$ lu sy
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ngu-lu-sr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋu²² lu⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

### Proper noun

俄羅斯
* Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)
       Zhōngguó hé Éluósī de biānjiè [Pinyin]
       the border between China and Russia

#### Synonyms

* (abbreviation) 俄 (É)
* (Dungan) Вурус (Vurus)
* 俄國／俄国 (Éguó)
* 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī)
* 俄羅斯聯邦／俄罗斯联邦 (Éluósī Liánbāng) (full name of modern Russia)
* 契哥 (qìgē) (Internet slang, derogatory)
* 斡羅思／斡罗思 (Yuan Dynasty)
* 羅剎／罗刹 (Luóchà) (obsolete, derogatory, Qing Dynasty)
* 羅宋／罗宋 (Luósòng) (dated, Shanghainese)
* 鿡西亞／鿡西亚 (Qing Dynasty, Orthodox Christian)
* 蘇聯／苏联 (Sūlián) (informal, by extension, imprecise)
* 鄂羅斯／鄂罗斯 (Qing Dynasty)
* 露西亞／露西亚 (Lùxīyà) (dated, Min Nan, Hakka, Northeastern Mandarin, Dalian dialect, ACG)
* 魯西亞／鲁西亚 (Ming Dynasty)
* The dial-syn page 「俄羅斯」 does not yet exist. Create the data page and the map!

#### Derived terms

* 俄羅斯人／俄罗斯人 (éluósīrén)
* 俄羅斯文／俄罗斯文 (Éluósīwén)
* 俄羅斯方塊／俄罗斯方块 (Éluósī Fāngkuài)
* 俄羅斯沙拉／俄罗斯沙拉 (Éluósī shālā)
* 俄羅斯聯邦／俄罗斯联邦 (Éluósī Liánbāng)
* 俄羅斯語／俄罗斯语 (Éluósīyǔ)
* 俄羅斯輪盤／俄罗斯轮盘 (Éluósīlúnpán)
* 大俄羅斯主義／大俄罗斯主义 (dà éluósī zhǔyì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 俄(オ)羅(ロ)斯(ス) (Orosu); 俄(オ)羅(ロ)斯(シャ) (Orosha)
* → Korean: 아라사(俄羅斯) (Arasa)
* → Vietnamese: Nga La Tư (俄羅斯)
* → Zhuang: Ngozlozswh

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 俄 | 羅 | 斯 |
| オ Jinmeiyō (ateji) | ロ Grade: S (ateji) | ス Jinmeiyō (ateji) |
| irregular | irregular | tōon |
From Mandarin 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞ɾo̞sɨ]

#### Proper noun

俄(オ)羅(ロ)斯(ス) • (Orosu)
* (dated, rare) Russia
    Synonyms: ロシア, 露国, 魯国

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 俄 | 羅 | 斯 |
| オ Jinmeiyō (ateji) | ロ Grade: S (ateji) | シャ Jinmeiyō (ateji) |
| irregular |||
From Mandarin 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī), affected by Russian Росси́я (Rossíja).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞ɾo̞ɕa̠]

#### Proper noun

俄(オ)羅(ロ)斯(シャ) • (Orosha)
* (dated, rare) Russia
** (Can we date this quote?), ja:森鷗外, 柵草紙の山房論文:
    美(び)術(じゅつ)を評(ひょう)し、文(ぶん)學(がく)を論(ろん)ずるに當(あた)りて、沒(ぼつ)理(り)想(そう)を基(もと)とするものは、獨逸(ドイツ)に文(ぶん)庫(こ) Magazin(マガツィーン) の一黨(いっとう)あり、スカンヂナヰヤにイプセンが餘(よ)流(りゅう)あり、英吉利(イギリス)にも俄羅斯(オロシャ)にもその人(ひと)あれど、概(おほむね)皆(みな)エミル・ゾラを宗(むね)とす。
       Bijutsu o hyōshi, bungaku o ronzuru ni atari te, botsurisō o moto to suru mono wa, Doitsu ni bunko Magatsīn no ittō ari, Sukanjinaiya ni Ipusen ga yoryū ari, Igirisu nimo Orosha nimo sono hito aredo, ohomune mina Emiru Zora o mune tosu.
       (please add an English translation of this example)

### References

* ↑ Tetsuji Morohashi [et al.] (1989) 大漢和辞典, →ISBN
* ↑ Akiyasu Tōdō [et al.] (2011) 漢字源, →ISBN
* ↑ Tadashi Kamata [et al.] (2004) 新漢語林, →ISBN
* ↑ 坂似水 (1874) 地名訳書字引

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 俄 | 羅 | 斯 |

### Proper noun

俄羅斯 • (Arasa) (hangeul 아라사)
* hanja form of 아라사 (“(obsolete) Russia”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 俄 | 羅 | 斯 |

### Proper noun

俄羅斯
* chữ Hán form of Nga La Tư (“(obsolete) Russia”).