# manioc
## English
### Alternative forms

* manioca, mandioc, manihoc
* manihot (from Guaraní rather than Old Tupi)

### Etymology

From French manioc and Spanish mandioca, ultimately from Old Tupi mani'oka.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈmæ.ni.ɒk/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈmæ.niˌɑk/, /ˈmeɪ.niˌɑk/
* Hyphenation: man‧i‧oc

### Noun

manioc (usually uncountable, plural maniocs)
* (countable, uncountable) The tropical plant Manihot esculenta, from which cassava and tapioca are prepared.
** 1975, William R. Bascom, African Dilemma Tales, Mouton (De Gruyter), page 86,
    The banana, the most important crop above ground, quarreled with the manioc, the most important underground crop. […] The manioc said that it, the yam, the sweet potato, and others were the ones that fed people and that without them people could not exist.
** 1977, Donald W. Lathrap, Our Father the Cayman, Our Mother the Gourd, Charles A. Reed (editor), Origins of Agriculture, Mouton (De Gruyter), page 741,
    The selection process leading to the bitter group of maniocs has been in terms of higher starch yield and in terms of starch of a quality more appropriate for making bread ans flour.
** 1988, Robert L. Carneiro, “5: Indians of the Amazonian Rainforest”, in Julie Sloan Denslow, Christine Padoch, editors, People of the Tropical Rain Forest, University of California Press, page 82:Manioc, the main subsistence crop of Amazonia, is planted entirely from cuttings, which are inserted into mounds hoed up in the spaces left between the logs and the stumps.
** 1993, Jonathan D. Sauer, Historical Geography of Crop Plants: A Select Roster, CRC Press, page 60:Manioc was first reported being grown on the mainland in 1635 at the Portuguese post at Bissau.
** 2003, Ian Spencer Hornsey, A History of Beer and Brewing, Royal Society of Chemistry, page 26:Manioc gives the highest yield of starch per hectare of any known crop; some 90% of the fabric of the crop can be regarded as potentially fermentable carbohydrate.
* (uncountable) Cassava root, eaten as a food.
** 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:In the morning, after a frugal breakfast of coffee and manioc - we had to be economical of our stores - we held a council of war as to the best method of ascending to the plateau above us.
** 2006, Dietland Muller-Schwarze, Chemical Ecology of Vertebrates, Cambridge University Press, page 321:Ground manioc (cassava) is mixed with water and pressed through tube woven from palm fibers to remove toxic cyanogenic compounds.
** 2013, Elizabeth Ewart, Space and Society in Central Brazil: A Panará Ethnography, Bloomsbury, page 174:She made manioc pie, got water, got wild banana leaves and pounded manioc. She made the earth oven and later she opened and took out the manioc pie.
* (uncountable) A food starch prepared from the root.

#### Synonyms

* (Manihot esculenta): cassava, yuca
* (cassava root): cassava, yuca
* (food starch): cassava, tapioca

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### References

* manioc on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Manihot on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Manihot on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Category:Cassava on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

### Anagrams

* Camino, MINOCA, Monica, anicom, anomic, camion, conima

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ma.njɔk/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

manioc m (plural maniocs)
* cassava, manioc

#### Descendants

* → German: Maniok
* → Ottoman Turkish: مانیوق
** Turkish: manyok
* → Romanian: manioc

### Further reading

* “manioc”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* camion

## Middle French
### Noun

manioc m (plural maniocs)
* cassava, manioc

#### Descendants

* French: manioc
** → German: Maniok
** → Ottoman Turkish: مانیوق
*** Turkish: manyok
** → Romanian: manioc
* → English: manioc
* → Lingala: manyɔ́kɔ
* → Romanian: manioc

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French manioc.

### Noun

manioc n (uncountable)
* cassava