# جو
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒaww/
** (Hijazi) IPA: /d͡ʒaww/
** (Moroccan) IPA: /ʒaww/

### Noun

جَوّ • (jaww) m (dual جَوَّانِ (jawwāni), plural أَجْوَاء (ʔajwāʔ) or جِوَاء (jiwāʔ))
* air (the apparently open space above the ground)
    Coordinate terms: بَحْر (baḥr), بَرّ (barr)
* weather
* atmosphere
* (figurative) atmosphere (apparent mood)
* wide valley
* open pasture-ground
* interior of a house
    Antonym: بَرّ (barr)
* hall

#### Derived terms

* جَوِّيّ (jawwiyy)
* جَوَّانِيّ (jawwāniyy)
* جَوّ الْيَمَامَة (jaww al-yamāma, “Al-Yamama (ancient district in Saudi Arabia)”)

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “جو”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Baluchi
### Noun

جو • (joho)
* barley

## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (Šᵍ /⁠jaw⁠/), from Old Persian *yáwaʰ, from Proto-Iranian *yáwah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒaw]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒäw]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒäw]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒäw]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒäw]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒow]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒäw]

#### Noun

| Dari | جو |
| Iranian Persian | جو |
| Tajik | ҷав |
جو • (jow)
* barley
* grain

### Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (joi) or Middle Persian [script needed] (yoi), from Old Persian [script needed] (yauviya). Cognate with Northern Kurdish co and Sanskrit यव्या (yavyā).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒoː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒoː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒoː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒoː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒʊː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒuː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɵ]

#### Noun

| Dari | جو, جوی |
| Iranian Persian | جو, جوی |
| Tajik | ҷӯ, ҷӯй |
جو • (ju)
* stream
* brook
* irrigation channel

##### Alternative forms

* جوی (juy)
* جوغ (juğ) (dialectal, Isfahan, southwestern Fars)
* جوق (juq) (dialectal, Abadan)
* جوب (jub) (dialectal)

### Etymology 3

From Arabic جَوّ (jaww, “weather, environment”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒaww]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒäw(ː)]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒäw(ː)]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒäw(ː)]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒäw(ː)]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒæv(ː)]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒäw(ː)]

#### Noun

جو • (javv)
* air
* sky
* atmosphere

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒʊː], [d͡ʒu]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒuː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɵ], [d͡ʒu]

#### Verb

جو • (ju)
* present stem form of جستن (jostan), suffixed form indicating "seeker"/"seeking"

##### Derived terms

* جنگجو (jangju)
* دانشجو (dânešju)

## Sindhi
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡ʑo]

### Preposition

جو • (jo) (Devanagari जो)
* of; genitive case marker

### References

* Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “جو”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
* Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “جو”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ج و و
* 2 terms

### Etymology

From Arabic جَوّ (jaww).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒaww/, [ʒaw]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

جوّ • (jaww) m (plural أجواء (ʔajwāʔ))
* air
    Synonym: هوا (hawa)
* atmosphere
* weather
    Synonym: طقس (ṭaʔs)

## Ternate
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈd͡ʒoː]

### Noun

جو (Rumi joo)
* a shortening of جوو (“joou”)

### References

* Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill

## Urdu
### Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑁄 (jo), from Sanskrit यः (yáḥ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d͡ʒoː/
* Rhymes: -oː
* Hyphenation: جو

### Noun

جو • (jo) m or f by sense (Hindi spelling जो)
* the relative pronoun:
** who; whoever
** whichever
** whatever

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “yá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 601

### Further reading

* “جو”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “جو”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “جو”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “جو”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* John Shakespear (1834) “جو”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
* S. W. Fallon (1879) “جو”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.