# 美濃
## Chinese

* 美濃區 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 美濃市 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Mî-nùng-khî (Hakka)
* Bi-long (Southern Min)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Měinóng
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄟˇ ㄋㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mei$^5$ nung$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Mî-nùng / Mì-nùng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Bí-lông / Bi-long
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Měinóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˇ ㄋㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Měinóng
*** Wade–Giles: Mei$^3$-nung$^2$
*** Yale: Měi-núng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Meeinong
*** Palladius: Мэйнун (Mɛjnun)
*** Sinological IPA : /meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mei$^5$ nung$^4$
*** Yale: méih nùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mei$^5$ nung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: méi$^5$ nung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mei̯¹³ nʊŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Mî-nùng / Mì-nùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: mi$^ˊ$ nung$^ˇ$ / mi$^ˇ$ nung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mi$^1$ nung$^2$ / mi$^2$ nung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi²⁴ nuŋ¹¹/, /mi¹¹ nuŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bí-lông
*** Tâi-lô: Bí-lông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: byloong
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bi-long
*** Tâi-lô: Bi-long
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bilofng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bi⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ⁴⁴/

### Etymology 1

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 美濃(みの) (Mino), from Hakka 彌濃／弥浓 (Mì-nùng).

#### Proper noun

美濃
* (～區) Meinong District (Hakka district in Kaohsiung, Taiwan)
** 2015, 羅文裕 [Wing], Jesse Edbrooke (lyrics and music), “關於我和你”‎performed by 羅文裕 [Wing] and 前進樂團 [Transition]:
       Ngài hêm-cho Lò Vùn-yi, Mî-nùng e Hak-kâ-ngìn [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]
       I'm called Wing Lo, a Hakka from Meinong

### Etymology 2

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 美濃(みの) (Mino).

#### Proper noun

美濃
* (～市) Mino (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)

##### Derived terms

* 美濃瓜／美浓瓜 (měinóngguā)
* 美濃紙／美浓纸

## Japanese
### Etymology

Kanji in this term :
| 美 | 濃 |
| み Grade: 3 (ateji) | の Grade: S (ateji) |
| kan'on | nanori |
⟨mi$_1$no$_1$⟩ → /mʲinʷo/ → /mino/
From Old Japanese.
The name of a province in ancient Japan, this appears in the oldest records of the 600s, and again later in the Kojiki of 712 CE, as 三野国 (Mino no kuni, literally “three + farm/field + 's + province”), apparently because the region had three large farms. This shifted to 御野国 (Mino no kuni, literally “honorable + farm/field + 's + province”), by roughly 702 CE, then a few years later in roughly 708 CE the spelling was officially changed to 美濃国 (Mino no kuni, literally “beautiful + rich/concentrated + 's + province”), with this spelling then later becoming the only one.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みの [míꜜnò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [mʲino̞]

### Proper noun

美(み)濃(の) • (Mino)
* a placename, especially:
** (historical) Short for 美濃国 (Mino no kuni): Mino Province, an old province of Japan
** Short for 美濃市 (Mino-shi): Mino (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)
* Short for 美濃紙 (Mino-gami, “traditional Japanese paper made in the Mino area”).
* Short for 美濃絹 (Mino-ginu, “traditional Japanese silk made in the Mino area”).

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 “美濃国”, in 世界大百科事典 第２版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998
* 1 2 “美濃国”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014
* ↑ “美濃国”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN