# 糟

| 糟 | U+7CDF, &#31967; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CDF |
| ← 糞 [U+7CDE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 糠 → [U+7CE0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

糟 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 火木廿田日 (FDTWA), four-corner 9596$_6$, composition ⿰米曹)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 912, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27104
* Dae Jaweon: page 1339, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3158, character 2
* Unihan data for U+7CDF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 糟
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 遭 | *ʔsluː |
| 糟 | *ʔsluː |
| 醩 | *ʔsluːu |
| 傮 | *ʔsluː |
| 槽 | *ʔsluː, *zluː |
| 曹 | *zluː |
| 螬 | *zluː |
| 漕 | *zluː, *zluːs |
| 嘈 | *zluː |
| 艚 | *zluː |
| 褿 | *zluː |
| 蓸 | *zluː |
| 慒 | *lju, *zluːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsluː) : semantic 米 + phonetic 曹 (OC *zluː). The original version is 𥽾. The radical of the rice perhaps is a reference to the liquor made out of fermented rice (see for instance 鬯) and the original meaning is "unfiltered", referred for instance to liquor and wine.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zāo (zao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zou$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): zau$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chô
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zau$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cău
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): cho / chau
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zao$^1$ / zo$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tsau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zao
*** Wade–Giles: tsao$^1$
*** Yale: dzāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzau
*** Palladius: цзао (czao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zou$^1$
*** Yale: jōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sou̯⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: zau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sau⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chô
*** Hakka Romanization System: zo$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡so²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sau⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cău
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sau⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cho
*** Tâi-lô: tso
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoy
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡so⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chau
*** Tâi-lô: tsau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zaw
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sau³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sau⁴⁴/
* cho/chau(Quanzhou) - literary;
* chau - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tsaw
Rime :
| Character | 糟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 作曹切 |
| Baxter | tsaw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡saw/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sɑu/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sɑu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zou$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤu/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsluː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 糟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsaw › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁu/ |
| English | dregs |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 糟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1150 |
| Phonetic component | 曹 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 糟 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsluː/ |

### Definitions

糟
* alcohol dregs
* to preserve food in alcohol or alcohol dregs
* (informal) awful; messy; terrible; in bad shape
* to decay; to decompose; to spoil
* (literary, or in compounds) to damage; to cause destruction to; to harm

#### Synonyms

* (awful):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 惡 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 壞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 壞, 賴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 壞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 壞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 壞 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 壞, 孬, 賴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 瞎, 壞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 壞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 壞, 拐 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 壞 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 壞 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 壞, 弊, 衰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 壞, 衰 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 衰 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 壞 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 衰 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 衰 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 壞 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 壞 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 衰 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 賴, 壞 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 壞, 獰 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 呆, 否 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 歹, 䆀 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 䆀 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 䆀, 孬 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 䆀, 歹 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 歹 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 孬 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 孬 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 孬, 歹 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 孬 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 歹, 孬 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 㾀 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 㾀 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 㾀 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 㾀 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 壞, 恘 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 壞, 恘 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 歪, 推扳, 嘸做 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 毛 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 壞, 拐 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 壞, 拐 |
* (to decay):
* 壞／坏 (huài)
* 朽壞／朽坏 (xiǔhuài)
* 朽弊 (xiǔbì) (literary)
* 朽敗／朽败 (xiǔbài)
* 朽爛／朽烂 (xiǔlàn) (literary)
* 朽腐 (xiǔfǔ)
* 糟朽 (zāoxiǔ) (literary)
* 腐敗／腐败 (fǔbài)
* 腐朽 (fǔxiǔ)
* 腐爛／腐烂 (fǔlàn)
* 臭爛／臭烂 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 䭞／𬲳 (Hokkien)
* (to damage):
* 亂／乱 (luàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
* 圮毀／圮毁 (pǐhuǐ) (literary)
* 壞／坏 (huài)
* 打掉 (dǎdiào)
* 損壞／损坏 (sǔnhuài)
* 損毀／损毁 (sǔnhuǐ)
* 搗砸／捣砸 (dau$^2$ zah$^5$) (Jin)
* 摧殘／摧残 (cuīcán)
* 摧毀／摧毁 (cuīhuǐ)
* 毀／毁 (huǐ)
* 毀壞／毁坏 (huǐhuài)
* 毀損／毁损 (huǐsǔn)
* 決裂／决裂 (juéliè) (archaic)
* 破 (pò) (literary, or in compounds)
* 破壞／破坏 (pòhuài)
* 糟蹋 (zāotà)
* 隳 (huī) (literary, or in compounds)

#### Compounds

* 一團糟／一团糟 (yītuánzāo)
* 不棄糟糠／不弃糟糠 (bùqìzāokāng)
* 亂七八糟／乱七八糟 (luànqībāzāo)
* 亂糟糟／乱糟糟 (luànzāozāo)
* 污糟 (wūzāo)
* 烏七八糟／乌七八糟 (wūqībāzāo)
* 破米糟糖
* 糟丘
* 糟坊 (zāofáng)
* 糟心
* 糟擾／糟扰
* 糟粕 (zāopò)
* 糟糕 (zāogāo)
* 糟糠 (zāokāng)
* 糠糟
* 糟糠不厭／糟糠不厌
* 糟糠之妻 (zāokāngzhīqī)
* 糟糠妻
* 糟老頭兒／糟老头儿
* 糟豆腐
* 糟蹋 (zāotà)
* 糟錢兒／糟钱儿
* 糟頭／糟头
* 貧賤糟糠／贫贱糟糠
* 酒糟 (jiǔzāo)
* 酒糟頭／酒糟头
* 酒糟鼻 (jiǔzāobí)
* 醪糟 (láozāo)
* 鏖糟
* 餔糟啜醨／𫗦糟啜醨
* 餔糟歠醨／𫗦糟歠醨

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: そう (sō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
* Kun: かす (kasu, 糟)、もろみ (moromi, 糟)

### Definitions

* Kanji in this term
* 糟
* かす Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 糟 – see the following entry. :
| 【かすカス】 | [noun] [from 934] 粕, 糟: in sake production, the dregs or lees left over after extracting the liquid from the fermented rice mash [noun] [from 1820] 粕, 糟: (figurative) a scolding, terrible criticism (only used in this sense in the set phrase 粕(かす)を食(く)う, 糟(かす)を食(く)う (kasu o kuu, literally “to eat the dregs”)) Alternative spelling 粕 |
(This term, 糟, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

糟 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

糟: Hán Nôm readings: tao, tào
* (literary, only used in compound tao khang) alcohol dregs

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).