# 采

| 采 | U+91C7, &#37319; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91C7 |
| ← 釆 [U+91C6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 釈 → [U+91C8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

采 (Kangxi radical 165, 釆+1, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月木 (BD), four-corner 2090$_4$, composition ⿱爫木)

#### Derived characters

* 𤔁, 倸, 𨺉, 㥒, 䣋, 啋, 埰, 婇, 寀, 彩, 採, 𡸯, 𣶶, 𤟖, 䐆, 棌, 𣈄, 𤊕, 𤚀, 𥚖, 睬, 𤷕, 𬎱, 綵, (䌽), 菜, 𨤔, 𫆇, 踩, 𧳥, 𨨫, 𩓰, 䰂

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1290, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40116
* Dae Jaweon: page 1790, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3898, character 2
* Unihan data for U+91C7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 采 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 采 | *sʰɯːʔ |
| 睬 | *sʰɯːʔ |
| 彩 | *sʰɯːʔ |
| 採 | *sʰɯːʔ |
| 綵 | *sʰɯːʔ |
| 寀 | *sʰɯːʔ |
| 菜 | *sʰɯːs |
| 埰 | *sʰɯːs |
| 棌 | *sʰɯːs |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) . Two forms can be found in oracle bone script:
* 爪 (“hand”) + 果 (“fruit”) – a hand (爪) picking fruits from a tree (果 (guǒ)).
* 爪 (“hand”) + 木 (“tree”) – a hand (爪) picking from a tree (木 (mù)).
The current glyph is of composition 2.

### Etymology 1

Uncertain. Several etymologies have been proposed:
* From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa-n (“child; grandchild; nephew; niece”), whence Tibetan བཙའ (btsa', “to fruit, bear, bring forth”), བཙས (btsas, “to harvest, to reap”), possibly as well as 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs), 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007);
* Related to Tibetan ཚོད་མ (tshod ma, “vegetables”) (Schuessler, 2007);
* Related to 穡 (OC *s.rək, “to reap; harvest”) (Baxter, 1992; Sagart, 1999; Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cǎi (cai$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): coi$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhái
* Eastern Min (BUC): chāi
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhái
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǎi
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻai$^3$
*** Yale: tsǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsae
*** Palladius: цай (caj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coi$^2$
*** Yale: chói
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: coi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhái
*** Hakka Romanization System: cai$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chāi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰai³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhái
*** Tâi-lô: tshái
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhae
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰai⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰai⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰai⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: tshojX
Rime :
| Character | 采 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 倉宰切 |
| Baxter | tshojX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰʌi$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰəi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɒi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰəj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰᴀi$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɒi$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰɑ̆i$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cǎi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | coi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.r̥ˤəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰɯːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 采 | 采 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cǎi | cǎi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshoj$^X$ › | ‹ tshoj$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.r̥ˁəʔ/ | /*s.r̥ˁəʔ/ |
| English | gather, pluck | colorful |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 采 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1070 |
| Phonetic component | 采 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 采 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰɯːʔ/ |

##### Definitions

采
* to pick; to pluck; to gather; to collect
    alt. forms: 採／采 (cǎi)
* to pick; to choose; to select
    alt. forms: 採／采 (cǎi)
* to mine; to dig
    alt. forms: 採／采 (cǎi)
* to drag; to pull
    alt. forms: 採／采 (cǎi)
* color
    alt. forms: 綵／彩 (cǎi), 彩 (cǎi)
* colored silk
    alt. forms: 綵／彩 (cǎi), 彩 (cǎi)
* literary talent
    alt. forms: 彩 (cǎi), 綵／彩 (cǎi)
    文采 ― wéncǎi ― literary talent
* luster
    alt. forms: 彩 (cǎi)
* beautiful in words but poor in content; using colorful language to cover up flaws
* expression; spirit; complexion
    興高采烈／兴高采烈 ― xìnggāocǎiliè ― elated
* wager; stake
    alt. forms: 彩 (cǎi)
* lucky (in gambling)
    alt. forms: 彩 (cǎi)
* oak
    alt. forms: 棌
    采椽 ― cǎichuán ― oak
* to heed; to pay attention to
    alt. forms: 睬 (cǎi), 採／采 (cǎi), 倸 (cǎi)
* official position
    alt. forms: 寀／采
* vine; creeper
* (Can we verify this sense?) thing
* to exploit; to gain
    alt. forms: 採／采 (cǎi)
* to accept
    alt. forms: 採／采 (cǎi)
* currency
* tomb
* a surname

##### Compounds

* 下采
* 不大精采
* 不討采
* 不采
* 丰采 (fēngcǎi)
* 五采
* 偢采
* 儷采
* 光采 (guāngcǎi)
* 喝倒采 (hèdàocǎi)
* 喝采 (hècǎi)
* 多姿多采
* 多采多姿 (duōcǎi-duōzī)
* 大放異采
* 大采
* 尼采 (Nícǎi)
* 展采
* 干名采譽
* 得采
* 情采
* 捋采
* 文采 (wéncǎi)
* 文采風流
* 有采
* 樵采 (qiáocǎi)
* 氣揚采飛／气扬采飞
* 沒精打采 (méijīngdǎcǎi)
* 沒采
* 無精打采 (wújīngdǎcǎi)
* 異采 (yìcǎi)
* 發采揚明／发采扬明
* 神采 (shéncǎi)
* 神采奕奕 (shéncǎi yìyì)
* 神采奕然
* 神采煥發／神采焕发
* 神采英拔
* 神采飛揚／神采飞扬 (shéncǎifēiyáng)
* 神采駿發／神采骏发
* 符采
* 精采 (jīngcǎi)
* 精采絕倫／精采绝伦
* 納采
* 結采
* 興高采烈 (xìnggāocǎiliè)
* 舉手可采
* 葑菲之采
* 藍采和
* 蟠采
* 衣不兼采
* 衣不完采
* 衣不重采
* 褒采一介
* 詞采
* 辭采
* 采光剖璞
* 采女 (cǎinǚ)
* 采椽
* 采椽不斲
* 采石之役
* 采石磯
* 采綠
* 采緝
* 采聲
* 采色 (cǎisè)
* 采芑
* 采芹
* 采苓
* 采菽
* 采葛
* 采薇 (cǎiwéi)
* 采薪之憂
* 采薪之疾
* 采蘋
* 采蘩
* 采蘭贈芍／采兰赠芍
* 采詩 (cǎishī)
* 采采
* 采頭
* 采風 (cǎifēng)
* 采風錄／采风录
* 鏤金錯采／镂金错采
* 風采 (fēngcǎi)
* 風采堂堂
* 鹿門采藥／鹿门采药

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cài (cai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cài
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cài
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻai$^4$
*** Yale: tsài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsay
*** Palladius: цай (caj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

##### Definitions

采
* fief
    alt. forms: 寀／采, 埰 (cài)
* Alternative form of 菜 (cài)

##### Compounds

* 采地 (càidì)
* 采邑 (càiyì)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 采 – see 採 (“to pick; to pluck; to select; to choose; to pick; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 採).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 采 – see 彩 (“variegated colors; rich and bright colors; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 彩).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### References

* “采”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 采 |
| Kyūjitai | 采󠄁 采+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 采󠄃 采+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* a die, dice

#### Readings

* Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
* Kun: いろどり (irodori, 采り)、とる (toru, 采る)
* Nanori: あや (aya)、うね (une)、こと (koto)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 采
* さい Grade: S
* on'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さい [sáꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [sa̠i]

#### Noun

采(さい) • (sai)
* a die, dice

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2163 (paper), page 1133 (digital)
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

采 • (chae) (hangeul 채, revised chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, Yale chay)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.