# 閥

| 閥 | U+95A5, &#38309; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95A5 |
| ← 閤 [U+95A4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 閦 → [U+95A6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

閥 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 日弓人戈 (ANOI), four-corner 7725$_3$, composition ⿵門伐)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1334, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41308
* Dae Jaweon: page 1840, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4297, character 1
* Unihan data for U+95A5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 茷 | *paːds, *bads, *bad |
| 筏 | *paːd, *bad |
| 伐 | *bad |
| 閥 | *bad |
| 垡 | *bad |
| 栰 | *bad |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bad) : semantic 門 + phonetic 伐 (OC *bad).

### Etymology

Meaning "valve" is borrowed from English valve.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fá (fa$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fat$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): huăk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): huah$^7$ / huoh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoa̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huag$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fá
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fá
*** Wade–Giles: fa$^2$
*** Yale: fá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: far
*** Palladius: фа (fa)
*** Sinological IPA : /fä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fat$^6$
*** Yale: faht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fed$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐt̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huăk
*** Sinological IPA : /huaʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: huah$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /huaʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: huoh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /huoʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoa̍t
*** Tâi-lô: hua̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoat
*** IPA (Xiamen): /huat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /huat̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /huat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huat̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huag$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hua̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /huak̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: bjot
Rime :
| Character | 閥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 月 (68) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 房越切 |
| Baxter | bjot |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bʉɐt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bʷiɐt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biuɐt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /biuɐt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭwɐt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱi̯wɐt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fá |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bad/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 閥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2861 |
| Phonetic component | 伐 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 伐 |
| Old Chinese | /*bad/ |
| Notes | 古作伐 |

### Definitions

閥
* contribution
* family status
* powerful and influential group
* valve

### Compounds

* 制水閥／制水阀
* 北洋軍閥／北洋军阀 (Běiyáng Jūnfá)
* 名閥／名阀
* 婚閥／婚阀
* 學閥／学阀 (xuéfá)
* 安全閥／安全阀 (ānquánfá)
* 官閥／官阀
* 排泥閥／排泥阀
* 減壓閥／减压阀
* 空氣閥／空气阀
* 財閥／财阀 (cáifá)
* 軍閥／军阀 (jūnfá)
* 門閥／门阀
* 閘閥／闸阀 (zháfá)
* 閥族／阀族
* 閥閱／阀阅
* 黨閥／党阀 (dǎngfá)

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “阀”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* powerful and influential group; a clique

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぼち (bochi)
* Kan-on: はつ (hatsu)
* Kan’yō-on: ばつ (batsu, Jōyō)
* Kun: いえがら (iegara, 閥)、いさお (isao, 閥)

## Korean
### Hanja

閥 • (beol) (hangeul 벌, revised beol, McCune–Reischauer pŏl, Yale pel)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

閥: Hán Nôm readings: phiệt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.