# 許嫁
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xǔjià
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˇ ㄐㄧㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): heoi$^2$ gaa$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xǔjià
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˇ ㄐㄧㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syǔjià
*** Wade–Giles: hsü$^3$-chia$^4$
*** Yale: syǔ-jyà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheujiah
*** Palladius: сюйцзя (sjujczja)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: heoi$^2$ gaa$^3$
*** Yale: héui ga
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoey$^2$ gaa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hêu$^2$ ga$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɵy̯³⁵ kaː³³/

### Verb

許嫁
* (literary) to consent to marry a man

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 許 | 嫁 |
| いいなずけ ||
| Grade: 5 | Grade: S |
| jukujikun ||
*/ipinaduke/ → /ifinad͡zuke/ → /iːnazuke/
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 言い名付く (iinazuku), modern 言い名付ける (iinazukeru, “to betroth someone, to engage someone to be married, to take someone as a fiancé / fiancée”, literally “to name someone out loud”).
The kanji compound is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 許嫁／许嫁 (xǔjià).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いいなずけ [ìínázúké] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [iːna̠zɨke̞]

#### Noun

許嫁(いいなずけ) or 許嫁(いいなづけ) • (iinazuke)
* Alternative spelling of 許婚: (historical) an arranged engagement, wherein both sets of parents promise that their children shall wed; generally arranged while the children are still young
* Alternative spelling of 許婚: (rare) a fiancée (female) or fiancé (male)

##### Synonyms

* (fiancé / fiancée): 婚(こん)約(やく)者(しゃ) (kon'yakusha), フィアンセ (fianse) (much more common)

#### Verb

許嫁(いいなずけ)する or 許嫁(いいなづけ)する • (iinazuke suru) suru (stem 許嫁(いいなずけ)し (iinazuke shi), past 許嫁(いいなずけ)した (iinazuke shita))
* (historical) to arrange an engagement, whereby both sets of parents promise that their children shall wed; generally arranged while the children are still young

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 許嫁し | いいなずけし | īnazuke shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 許嫁し | いいなずけし | īnazuke shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 許嫁する | いいなずけする | īnazuke suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 許嫁する | いいなずけする | īnazuke suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 許嫁すれ | いいなずけすれ | īnazuke sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 許嫁せよ¹ 許嫁しろ² | いいなずけせよ¹ いいなずけしろ² | īnazuke seyo¹ īnazuke shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 許嫁される | いいなずけされる | īnazuke sareru |
| Causative | 許嫁させる 許嫁さす | いいなずけさせる いいなずけさす | īnazuke saseru īnazuke sasu |
| Potential | 許嫁できる | いいなずけできる | īnazuke dekiru |
| Volitional | 許嫁しよう | いいなずけしよう | īnazuke shiyō |
| Negative | 許嫁しない | いいなずけしない | īnazuke shinai |
| Negative continuative | 許嫁せず | いいなずけせず | īnazuke sezu |
| Formal | 許嫁します | いいなずけします | īnazuke shimasu |
| Perfective | 許嫁した | いいなずけした | īnazuke shita |
| Conjunctive | 許嫁して | いいなずけして | īnazuke shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 許嫁すれば | いいなずけすれば | īnazuke sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 許 | 嫁 |
| ゆいなずけ ||
| Grade: 5 | Grade: S |
| jukujikun ||
Irregular shift from iinazuke above, apparently influenced by the alternative yui reading for root verb stem 言う (ii, standard reading), and possibly also influenced by 結い (yui, “knot; binding together”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 結う (yuu, “to tie a knot; to bind together”)).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ゆいなずけ [yùínázúké] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [jɯ̟ina̠zɨke̞]

##### Usage notes

This reading appears to be rare. The senses are all the same as for iinazuke above.

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 許 | 嫁 |
| きょ Grade: 5 | か Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese 許嫁 (MC xjoX kaeH, “permitted; betrothed + marriage”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きょか [kyóꜜkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kʲo̞ka̠]

#### Noun

許(きょ)嫁(か) • (kyoka)
* permission from both sets of parents to marry
* (rare) someone so permitted: a fiancée (female) or fiancé (male)

##### Synonyms

* (fiancé / fiancée): 婚(こん)約(やく)者(しゃ) (kon'yakusha), フィアンセ (fianse) (much more common)

#### Verb

許(きょ)嫁(か)する • (kyoka suru) suru (stem 許(きょ)嫁(か)し (kyoka shi), past 許(きょ)嫁(か)した (kyoka shita))
* to permit one's child to marry

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 許嫁し | きょかし | kyoka shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 許嫁し | きょかし | kyoka shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 許嫁する | きょかする | kyoka suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 許嫁する | きょかする | kyoka suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 許嫁すれ | きょかすれ | kyoka sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 許嫁せよ¹ 許嫁しろ² | きょかせよ¹ きょかしろ² | kyoka seyo¹ kyoka shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 許嫁される | きょかされる | kyoka sareru |
| Causative | 許嫁させる 許嫁さす | きょかさせる きょかさす | kyoka saseru kyoka sasu |
| Potential | 許嫁できる | きょかできる | kyoka dekiru |
| Volitional | 許嫁しよう | きょかしよう | kyoka shiyō |
| Negative | 許嫁しない | きょかしない | kyoka shinai |
| Negative continuative | 許嫁せず | きょかせず | kyoka sezu |
| Formal | 許嫁します | きょかします | kyoka shimasu |
| Perfective | 許嫁した | きょかした | kyoka shita |
| Conjunctive | 許嫁して | きょかして | kyoka shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 許嫁すれば | きょかすれば | kyoka sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN