# 硅

| 硅 | U+7845, &#30789; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7845 |
| ← 硄 [U+7844] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 硆 → [U+7846] |

## Translingual
### Han character

硅 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一口土土 (MRGG), four-corner 1461$_4$, composition ⿰石圭)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 829, character 40
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24151
* Dae Jaweon: page 1245, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2427, character 7
* Unihan data for U+7845

#### Further reading

* 硅 on Wikidata.Wikidata

## Chinese

* 硅

### Glyph origin 1

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 圭 (guī).

#### Etymology

An orthographic borrowing from Japanese 硅(けい)素(そ) (keiso) (Wu, 2010); pronunciation from its phonetic part 圭 (guī) (ibid.), in turn from Dutch keiaarde (“silicon”). The usage of 矽 (xī) is dated in Mainland China as it is homophonous to 硒 (xī) "selenium" and 錫／锡 (xī) "tin". In Taiwan, these three words are not homophonous.
The 1932 ROC Ministry of Education's Principles of Chemical Nomenclature says:
    硅由日名珪素孳演而成，因爲固體，故改王旁爲石。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]硅由日名珪素孳演而成，因为固体，故改王旁为石。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: 1932, 國立編譯館, 化學命名原則Guī yóu rì míng guīsù zī yǎn ér chéng, yīn wéi gùtǐ, gù gǎi wáng páng wéi shí. [Pinyin]硅 is derived and developed from the Japanese name 珪素 (けいそ, keiso). Considering Si is a solid substance, we hence convert the component 王 into 石.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guī (gui$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kui
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kue
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guī
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guei
*** Wade–Giles: kuei$^1$
*** Yale: gwēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guei
*** Palladius: гуй (guj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwai$^1$
*** Yale: gwāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kui
*** Tâi-lô: kui
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kuy
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kui³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kue
*** MiniDict: kue$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kue
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kue⁵³/

#### Definitions

硅
* (Mainland China, chemistry) silicon
    Synonym: 矽 (xī) (Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau)

#### Compounds

* 硅片
* 硅石 (guīshí)
* 硅肺 (guīfèi)
* 硅膠／硅胶 (guījiāo)
* 硅谷 (Guīgǔ)
* 硅酸 (guīsuān)
* 硅鋼／硅钢 (guīgāng)

### Glyph origin 2

| | Old Chinese |
| 街 | *kreː, *kreː |
| 鞋 | *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː |
| 娾 | *ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ |
| 佳 | *kreː |
| 鮭 | *ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
| 涯 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
| 崖 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
| 啀 | *ŋreː |
| 厓 | *ŋreː |
| 捱 | *ŋreː |
| 睚 | *ŋreːs |
| 娃 | *qreː |
| 洼 | *qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː |
| 哇 | *qreː, *qʷraː |
| 胿 | *ɡeː, *kʷeː |
| 溎 | *qeːns |
| 觟 | *ɡʷraːʔ |
| 黊 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː |
| 蘳 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe |
| 蛙 | *qʷraː, *qʷreː |
| 窪 | *qʷraː |
| 卦 | *kʷreːs |
| 挂 | *kʷreːs |
| 掛 | *kʷreːs |
| 詿 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs |
| 罣 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs |
| 絓 | *kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs |
| 鼃 | *ɢʷreː, *qʷreː |
| 圭 | *kʷeː |
| 珪 | *kʷeː |
| 邽 | *kʷeː |
| 閨 | *kʷeː |
| 袿 | *kʷeː |
| 窐 | *kʷeː, *ɡʷeː |
| 茥 | *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
| 桂 | *kʷeːs |
| 筀 | *kʷeːs |
| 奎 | *kʰʷeː |
| 刲 | *kʰʷeː |
| 蝰 | *kʰʷeː |
| 楏 | *kʰʷeː |
| 睳 | *qʰʷeː |
| 畦 | *ɡʷeː |
| 眭 | *ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi |
| 烓 | *qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ |
| 跬 | *kʰʷeʔ |
| 恚 | *qʷes |
| 硅 | *qʰʷreɡ |

#### Definitions

* For pronunciation and definitions of 硅 – see 砉 (“sound of a thing flying quickly by; whoosh; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 砉).

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), C08724
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B02950-000

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

As variant kanji of 珪: (Can we verify this pronunciation?)
* Go-on: かい (kai)
* Kan-on: けい (kei)
As variant kanji of 砉: (Can we verify this pronunciation?)
* Go-on: きゃく (kyaku)
* Kan-on: かく (kaku)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: やぶる (yaburu, 硅る)

#### Compounds

* 硅(けい)素(そ) (keiso, “silicon”)

## Korean
### Hanja

硅 (eum 규 (gyu))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

硅: Hán Nôm readings: khuê
硅: Nôm readings: cuội
* pebble

#### References

* Nom Foundation
* ↑ Trần (2004).