# 罪人
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zuìrén
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄖㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi$^6$ jan$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhui-ngìn
* Northern Min (KCR): cò-nêng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chōe-jîn / chōe-lîn / chǒe-lîn / chōe-lâng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zuìrén → zuìren (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄖㄣˊ → ㄗㄨㄟˋ ˙ㄖㄣ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zuèire̊n
*** Wade–Giles: tsui$^4$-jên$^5$
*** Yale: dzwèi-ren
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuey.ren
*** Palladius: цзуйжэнь (czujžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/ → /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$罪人 醉人
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeoi$^6$ jan$^4$
*** Yale: jeuih yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey$^6$ jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêu$^6$ yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵy̯²² jɐn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhui-ngìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: cui ngin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cui$^4$ ngin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cò-nêng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡so⁴² neiŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-jîn
*** Tâi-lô: tsuē-jîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoexjiin
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue³³⁻²¹ zin²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sue²²⁻²¹ d͡zin¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-lîn
*** Tâi-lô: tsuē-lîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoexliin
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue³³⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sue²²⁻²¹ lin²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒe-lîn
*** Tâi-lô: tsuě-lîn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sue²² lin²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-lâng
*** Tâi-lô: tsuē-lâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoexlaang
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dzwojX nyin
Rime :
| Character | 罪 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 徂賄切 | 如鄰切 |
| Baxter | dzwojX | nyin |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zuʌi$^X$/ | /ȵiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zuoi$^X$/ | /ȵin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zuɒi$^X$/ | /ȵʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zwəj$^X$/ | /ȵin/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zuᴀi$^X$/ | /ȵiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zuɒi$^X$/ | /ȵʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡zʱuɑ̆i$^X$/ | /ȵʑi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zuì | rén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zeoi$^6$ | jan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤujʔ ni[ŋ]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zuːlʔ njin/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 罪 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zuì | rén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzwoj$^X$ › | ‹ nyin › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]ˁujʔ/ | /*ni[ŋ]/ |
| English | crime, offense | (other) person |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 罪 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17981 | 10800 |
| Phonetic component | 罪 | 人 |
| Rime group | 微 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 辠 | 仁 |
| Old Chinese | /*zuːlʔ/ | /*njin/ |
| Notes | 同辠 | |

### Noun

罪人
* guilty person; sinner; wrongdoer
    From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
    Shàngtiān fúyòu xiàmín, zuìrén chùfú. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Derived terms

* 千古罪人 (qiāngǔzuìrén)
* 罪人不孥
* 罪人不帑

### Verb

罪人
* (Classical) to take the blame on others
    罪人不孥 ― zuìrén bù nú ― Take no blame on the offspring (a principle of Mencius)
    From: Huainanzi, 2nd century BCE
    Yǔ, Tāng zuìjǐ, qí xìng yě bèi yān; Jié, Zhòu zuìrén, qí wáng yě hū yān. [Pinyin]
    Yu and Tang blamed themselves, and their rise was indeed contrary (to expectations); Jie and Zhou blamed others, and their fall was indeed sudden.

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 罪 | 人 |
| ざい Grade: 5 | にん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ざいにん [zàíníń] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) ざいにん [zàíníꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [d͡za̠iɲ̟ĩɴ]

#### Noun

罪(ざい)人(にん) • (zainin)
* criminal, offender, culprit
* sinner, transgressor

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 罪 | 人 |
| つみ Grade: 5 | ひと > びと Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つみびと [tsùmíbító] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨmʲibʲito̞]

#### Noun

罪(つみ)人(びと) • (tsumibito)
* sinner

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 罪 | 人 |

### Noun

罪人 • (joein) (hangeul 죄인)
* hanja form of 죄인 (“criminal, convict, prisoner, culprit; sinner”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 罪 | 人 |

### Noun

罪人
* chữ Hán form of tội nhân (“sinner; wrongdoer”).