# ни
## Bulgarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ni]

### Etymology 1
#### Pronoun

ни • (ni) (personal, possessive)
* short form of the first-person plural pronoun in the accusative case, used as the direct object of a verb; us
    Не мисля, че ни видяха да идваме.Ne mislja, če ni vidjaha da idvame.I don't think they saw us come.
* short form of the first-person plural pronoun in the dative case, used as the indirect object of a verb; to us, for us, us
    Бихте ли ни казали в колко часа каца самолетът?Bihte li ni kazali v kolko časa kaca samoletǎt?Could you tell us at what time the plane lands?
* short form of the first-person plural possessive pronoun; our
    Първата ни спирка е Париж.Pǎrvata ni spirka e Pariž.Our first stop is Paris.

##### Related terms

| Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) | Accusative (direct complement) | Accusative (direct complement) | Dative (indirect complement) | Dative (indirect complement) | Prepositional |
| Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) | Full | Short | Full | Short | Prepositional |
| Singular | First | — | аз (az) | мен (men) ме́не (méne) | ме (me) | ме́не (méne) | ми (mi) | мен (men) ме́не (méne) |
| Singular | Second | Informal | ти (ti) | теб (teb) те́бе (tébe) | те (te) | те́бе (tébe) | ти (ti) | теб (teb) те́бе (tébe) |
| Singular | Second | Formal | Ви́е (Víe) | Вас (Vas) | Ви (Vi) | Вам (Vam) | Ви (Vi) | Вас (Vas) |
| Singular | Third | Masculine | той (toj) | не́го (négo) | го (go) | не́му (nému) | му (mu) | не́го (négo) |
| Singular | Third | Feminine | тя (tja) | не́я (néja) | я (ja) | ней (nej) | ѝ (ì) | не́я (néja) |
| Singular | Third | Neuter | то (to) | не́го (négo) | го (go) | не́му (nému) | му (mu) | не́го (négo) |
| Plural | First | — | ни́е (níe) ний (nij) | нас (nas) | ни (ni) | нам (nam) | ни (ni) | нас (nas) |
| Plural | Second | Informal | ви́е (víe) вий (vij) | вас (vas) | ви (vi) | вам (vam) | ви (vi) | вас (vas) |
| Plural | Second | Formal | Ви́е (Víe) | Вас (Vas) | Ви (Vi) | Вам (Vam) | Ви (Vi) | Вас (Vas) |
| Plural | Third | — | те (te) | тях (tjah) | ги (gi) | тям (tjam) | им (im) | тях (tjah) |
| Possessor | Possessor | Possessor | Possessee | Possessee | Possessee | Possessee | Possessee | Possessee | Possessee | Possessee | Possessee | Possessee |
| Number | Person | Person | Masculine | Masculine | Masculine | Feminine | Feminine | Neuter | Neuter | Plural | Plural | Short form |
| Number | Person | Person | indefinite | definite subject form | definite object form | indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | Short form |
| Singular | First | First | мой (moj) | мо́ят (mójat) | мо́я (mója) | мо́я (mója) | мо́ята (mójata) мо́йта (mójta) | мо́е (móe) | мо́ето (móeto) мо́йто (mójto) | мо́и (mói) | мо́ите (móite) мо́йте (mójte) | ми (mi) |
| Singular | Second | Informal | твой (tvoj) | тво́ят (tvójat) | тво́я (tvója) | тво́я (tvója) | тво́ята (tvójata) тво́йта (tvójta) | тво́е (tvóe) | тво́ето (tvóeto) тво́йто (tvójto) | тво́и (tvói) | тво́ите (tvóite) тво́йте (tvójte) | ти (ti) |
| Singular | Second | Formal | Ваш (Vaš) | Ва́шият (Vášijat) | Ва́шия (Vášija) | Ва́ша (Váša) | Ва́шата (Vášata) Ва́шта (Vášta) | Ва́ше (Váše) | Ва́шето (Vášeto) Ва́што (Vášto) | Ва́ши (Váši) | Ва́шите (Vášite) Ва́ште (Vášte) | Ви (Vi) |
| Singular | Third | Masculine | не́гов (négov) | не́говият (négovijat) | не́говия (négovija) | не́гова (négova) | не́говата (négovata) | не́гово (négovo) | не́говото (négovoto) | не́гови (négovi) | не́говите (négovite) | му (mu) |
| Singular | Third | Feminine | не́ин (néin) | не́йният (néjnijat) | не́йния (néjnija) | не́йна (néjna) | не́йната (néjnata) | не́йно (néjno) | не́йното (néjnoto) | не́йни (néjni) | не́йните (néjnite) | ѝ (ì) |
| Singular | Third | Neuter | не́гов (négov) | не́говият (négovijat) | не́говия (négovija) | не́гова (négova) | не́говата (négovata) | не́гово (négovo) | не́говото (négovoto) | не́гови (négovi) | не́говите (négovite) | му (mu) |
| Plural | First | First | наш (naš) | на́шият (nášijat) | на́шия (nášija) | на́ша (náša) | на́шата (nášata) на́шта (nášta) | на́ше (náše) | на́шето (nášeto) на́што (nášto) | на́ши (náši) | на́шите (nášite) на́ште (nášte) | ни (ni) |
| Plural | Second | Informal | ваш (vaš) | ва́шият (vášijat) | ва́шия (vášija) | ва́ша (váša) | ва́шата (vášata) ва́шта (vášta) | ва́ше (váše) | ва́шето (vášeto) ва́што (vášto) | ва́ши (váši) | ва́шите (vášite) ва́ште (vášte) | ви (vi) |
| Plural | Second | Formal | Ваш (Vaš) | Ва́шият (Vášijat) | Ва́шия (Vášija) | Ва́ша (Váša) | Ва́шата (Vášata) Ва́шта (Vášta) | Ва́ше (Váše) | Ва́шето (Vášeto) Ва́што (Vášto) | Ва́ши (Váši) | Ва́шите (Vášite) Ва́ште (Vášte) | Ви (Vi) |
| Plural | Third | Third | те́хен (téhen) | те́хният (téhnijat) | те́хния (téhnija) | тя́хна (tjáhna) | тя́хната (tjáhnata) | тя́хно (tjáhno) | тя́хното (tjáhnoto) | те́хни (téhni) | те́хните (téhnite) | им (im) |
| Reflexive | Reflexive | Reflexive | свой (svoj) | сво́ят (svójat) | сво́я (svója) | сво́я (svója) | сво́ята (svójata) сво́йта (svójta) | сво́е (svóe) | сво́ето (svóeto) сво́йто (svójto) | сво́и (svói) | сво́ите (svóite) сво́йте (svójte) | си (si) |

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *ni.

#### Particle

ни • (ni)
* used for emphasis to mean 'no thing or person'; not a, not one
    Synonym: ни́то (níto)
    Не обели ни дума.Ne obeli ni duma.He didn't say a single word.
    Ни един от хората, които бях поканил, не дойде.Ni edin ot horata, koito bjah pokanil, ne dojde.Not one of the people I'd invited showed up.

#### Conjunction

ни • (ni)
* used to show that a negative statement is true of two things; neither, nor
    Synonym: ни́то (níto)
    Това е ни в клин, ни в ръкав.Tova e ni v klin, ni v rǎkav.That is neither here nor there.
    Тя ни знае, ни се интересува какво се е случило.Tja ni znae, ni se interesuva kakvo se e slučilo.She neither knows nor cares what happened.

### Anagrams

* ин- (in-), ин (in)

## Dungan
### Etymology

Cognate to Standard Mandarin 你 (nǐ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni⁵¹/

### Adjective

ни • (ni) (II)
* you

## Erzya
### Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *ńij, inherited from Proto-Uralic *niŋä (“woman, female”). Cognates include Northern Sami njiŋŋalâs, Lule Sami niŋŋēlis, Hungarian nő, Tundra Nenets не (nye).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

ни • (ńi)
* wife
    од ни ― od ńi ― a young wife
** 1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 68:Ki javovi es ninze martonzo avoľ lia marto pežeteń kis i uŕvaksty ombotse langso, te pežet teji martonzo.Anyone who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery.

#### Declension
### References

* B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “ни”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
* Entry #598 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

## Lezgi
### Etymology

Akin to Archi ди (di).

### Noun

ни • (ni)
* a smell

## Macedonian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ni.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ni]

#### Conjunction

ни • (ni)
* neither
    Synonym: ниту (nitu)
    Нема ни жена ни деца.Nema ni žena ni deca.He has neither a wife nor children.

#### Particle

ни • (ni)
* not even
    Ни мајката не те сака.Ni majkata ne te saka.Not even your mother loves you.
    Не сакаше ни да се обиде.Ne sakaše ni da se obide.He didn't even want to try.
* neither, either
    Ни јас не сакам да дојдам.Ni jas ne sakam da dojdam.I don't want to come either.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ni]

#### Pronoun

ни • (ni)
* Short indirect object form of ние (nie).

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ni]

#### Noun

ни • (ni) n
* nu (Greek letter)

## Nivkh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɲi/

### Pronoun

ни (ņi)
* I

## Old Church Slavonic
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ni (“nor, not”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nei, from Proto-Indo-European *nei.

### Conjunction

ни • (ni)
* not

#### Related terms

* не (ne)

## Old East Slavic
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ni. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic ни (ni).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni/→/nʲi/→/nʲi/
* (ca. 9th CE) IPA: /ni/
* (ca. 11th CE) IPA: /nʲi/
* (ca. 13th CE) IPA: /nʲi/
* Hyphenation: ни

### Conjunction

ни (ni)
* nor, neither
** 1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik‎, page 3:ни правьдникъ [съставить сѧ] бес почитаниꙗ книжьнаагоni pravĭdnikŭ [sŭstavitĭ sę] bes počitanija knižĭnaagonor [can] a righteous person [be built] without a reading of the books

#### Descendants

* Old Ruthenian: ни (ni)
** Belarusian: ні (ni)
** Carpathian Rusyn: ни (ny)
** Ukrainian: ні (ni)
* Russian: ни (ni)

### References

* Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902) “ни”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 443

## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nʲɪ]
* Audio:(file)
* Homophone: не (ne) (when unstressed)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old East Slavic ни (ni), from Proto-Slavic *ni.

#### Conjunction

ни • (ni)
* neither, nor
    ни он, ни она́ ― ni on, ni oná ― neither he nor she
    ни ку́шает, ни спит ― ni kúšajet, ni spit ― neither eats nor sleeps

#### Particle

ни • (ni)
* not a
    ни оди́н из ста ― ni odín iz sta ― not one in a hundred
* (between a personal pronoun and the verb in the affirmative) whatever, however
    что он ни ска́жет ― što on ni skážet ― whatever he says
    как бы он ни был бога́т ― kak by on ni byl bogát ― however rich he may be
* (before какой, кто, что) any, no
    ни в како́й кни́ге ― ni v kakój kníge ― (not) in any book, in no book
    ни на что не годи́тся ― ni na što ne godítsja ― it’s good for nothing

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Greek νι (ni).

#### Noun

ни • (ni) n inan (indeclinable)
* nu (the modern Greek letter Ν/ν)
    Synonym: (ancient or modern Greek) ню (nju)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ni (“nor, not”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nej, from Proto-Indo-European *ney. Compare ни-, не.

### Particle

ни (Latin spelling ni)
* (emphasizes negation) even, either
    ни ја то не знам ― even I don't know that; I don't know that either
    нисам хт(ј)ео ни да чујем за пр(иј)едлог ― I didn't even want to listen about the proposal

### Conjunction

ни (Latin spelling ni)
* neither, nor
    она није ни паметна ни(ти) марљива ― she is neither smart nor industrious
    ни трага ни гласа о .. ― not a trace about ..
    ни крив ни дужан ― completely innocent

## Tundra Nenets
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Samoyedic *niə.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nʲi]
* Hyphenation: ни

#### Noun

ни • (nyi)
* belt

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Samoyedic *ńëj, from Proto-Uralic *ńële.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nʲi]
* Hyphenation: ни

#### Noun

ни • (nyi)
* (in compounds) arrow

##### Derived terms

* туни (tunyi)

### References

* Pyrerka, A. P., Tereščenko, N. M. (1948) Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, page 213
* N. M. Tereschenko (2005) “ни”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN