# 粲

| 粲 | U+7CB2, &#31922; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CB2 |
| ← 粱 [U+7CB1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 粳 → [U+7CB3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

粲 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜水火木 (YEFD), four-corner 2790$_4$, composition ⿱𣦼米)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 909, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26966
* Dae Jaweon: page 1335, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3148, character 14
* Unihan data for U+7CB2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 餐 | *sʰaːn |
| 湌 | *sʰaːn |
| 粲 | *sʰaːns |
| 燦 | *sʰaːns |
| 璨 | *sʰaːns |
| 薒 | *sʰaːns |
| 殩 | *sʰoːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːns) : phonetic 𣦼 + semantic 米 (“rice”).

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sal (“clear, bright, pleasant”) (Unger, 1990; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སལ་བ། (sal ba, “clear, distinct, bright”).
Benedict, 1972 compares this with Tibetan མཚར་བ (mtshar ba, “bright, shining, beautiful”) yet this isn't preferrable consider Middle Chinese *tsʰ- corresponds to Written Tibetan gs-.
Luce, 1981 considers the "polished white rice" sense to be related to Burmese ဆန် (hcan, “uncooked white rice”), perhaps referring to the "clear and bright" nature of uncooked rice.
Same word as 燦 (OC *sʰaːns).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): càn (can$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caan$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: càn
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: càn
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻan$^4$
*** Yale: tsàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsann
*** Palladius: цань (canʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caan$^3$
*** Yale: chaan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: can$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːn³³/
* Middle Chinese: tshanH
Rime :
| Character | 粲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蒼案切 |
| Baxter | tshanH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | càn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤar-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰaːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 粲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | càn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshan$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁar-s/ |
| English | bright and white |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 粲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1119 |
| Phonetic component | 粲 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 粲 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰaːns/ |
| Notes | 聲符本歺又，粲爲去蕪取精， 與之同源 |

#### Definitions

粲
* (literary) polished white rice
* (literary) bright; radiant
* (literary) beautiful; splendid
* (literary) smiling; beaming
* (literary) numerous; multitudinous
* (literary) Alternative form of 餐 (cān, “meal”)

##### Compounds

* 一粲
* 白粲
* 粲然 (cànrán)
* 粲然可觀／粲然可观
* 粲爛／粲烂 (cànlàn)
* 粲粲 (càncàn)
* 粲者
* 粲花之論／粲花之论
* 翠粲
* 舌粲蓮花／舌粲莲花
* 荀粲熨婦／荀粲熨妇

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 粲 – see 燦 (“vivid; illuminating; bright; lustrous”). (This character is the draft (1955) first-round simplified and variant form of 燦).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### References

* “粲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: さん (san)
* Kan-on: さん (san)
* Kun: いい (ī)
* Nanori: あきら (akira)、きよし (kiyoshi)、つばら (tsubara)

## Korean
### Hanja

粲 • (chan) (hangeul 찬, revised chan, McCune–Reischauer ch'an, Yale chan)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

粲: Hán Nôm readings: sán, xán
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation