# Luoxian
## English
### Etymology

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 羅先／罗先 (Luóxiān).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA or enPR then please add some!

### Proper noun

Luoxian
* Synonym of Rason: the Mandarin Chinese-derived name.
** [2012, Nathan Beauchamp-Mustafaga, “Prospects for Economic Reform in North Korea”, in China Perspectives‎, number 92, →DOI, →ISSN, →JSTOR, →OCLC, archived from the original on June 16, 2019, China Analysis / Les Nouvelles de Chine‎:The most recent surge of reform is generally dated to January 2010. In rapid succession, North Korea announced the Strategic 10 Year Plan (2011-2020) for National Economic Development, created the Taepung International Investment Group and the National Development Bank, and elevated the Rason Economic and Trade Zone (luoxian jingji maoyi qu 罗先经济贸易区) to the new status of “special city” (tebie shi 特别市).]
** 2013 [2012 March 22], Ian Jeffries, “Economic developments”, in North Korea, 2009-2012: A guide to economic and political developments (Guides to Economic and Political Developments in Asia)‎, Routledge, sourced from International Herald Tribune, p.20, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, Foreign trade, page 839:The tours will start in the Chinese city of Yanji, passing through the city of Huichun in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and the Luoxian special economic zone in North Korea, and will include a cruise to Mount Kumgang.
** 2016, Chuanglin Fang [方创琳], Danlin Yu [余丹林], “About the Authors”, in China’s New Urbanization: Developmental Paths, Blueprints and Patterns‎, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages xvii–xviii:Dr. Chuanglin Fang obtained his Ph.D. in geography in 1998 from the Institute of Geography at the Chinese Academy of Science—National Planning Committee. […] He is currently a member of the International Society of City and Regional Planners, […] member of the expert committee for China's Tumen River regional collaborative development and planning, chief expert for China–North Korea Luoxian Economic Trading Zone Planning, […] and expert consultant for Beijing, Nanjing, Zhengzhou, Chongqing, and Baoding.
** 2018 July 17, Bing Li, Zhifeng Liu [刘志锋], Ying Nan, Shengnan Li, Yanmin Yang, “Comparative Analysis of Urban Heat Island Intensities in Chinese, Russian, and DPRK Regions across the Transnational Urban Agglomeration of the Tumen River in Northeast Asia”, in Sustainability‎, volume 10, number 8, published 2018, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on December 03, 2023‎:The transnational urban agglomeration of the Tumen River (TUATR) in northeastern Asia is located across the region of China, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and Russia, with this geographical area including the major port cities of Vladivostok, Luojin, and Chongjin [9,17] (Figure 1). This region represents an important part of the “Chinese-Russian-DPRK-Mongolia” international channel as a key component of the Chinese “The Belt and Road” strategy [17], which has also been identified as a key region for the development of Russia’s Far East region and Luoxian Economic Zone in DPRK. Therefore, the sustainable development of regional cities in this area is of great importance to three countries [18,19,20]. The rapid urbanization of this region has resulted in an increase in the UHII in this area [21], with global warming predicted to increase the temperature of this region further [22,23].
** 2023 January 7, Teng Gao [高腾], Mingye Zhang [张洺也], Chunzi Zhao [赵春子], “An Evaluation of the Sustainability of the Urban Water Resources of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, China”, in Sustainability‎, volume 15, number 2, published 2023, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on July 11, 2024‎:The Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture (YKAP) is located in the transnational urban agglomeration of the Tumen River in northeastern Asia [7]. It is adjacent to major port cities such as Vladivostok and Luojin. It is an important trade cooperation partner of Russia’s Far East and the Luoxian Economic Zone of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) [8]. YKAP represents an important part of the Chinese “Belt and Road” strategy, which has also been identified as a key component of the international China–Russia–DPRK–Mongolia channel [9,10]. Therefore, the development of YKAP’s cities based on the sustainability of water resources is of great importance to three countries.8. Mikhailov, R.V.; Russian Mission in Asia. “Berdyaev Readings? in Vladivostok. Polis. Political Stud. 2015, 6, 23–28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
** 2023 May 25 [2023 February 16], Adam Cathcart, “Bridges, Anti-Corruption, and Minerals: Sino-North Korean Borderland News”, in Sino-NK‎, sourced from Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Wang Wenbin’s Regular Press Conference on February 16, 2023 , archived from the original on May 25, 2023, Borderlands‎:Reuters: I just wanted to follow up on my question earlier about the transport of cargo between China and North Korea. The report talked about the transport of cargo from the Chinese city of Hunchun to the North Korean city of Rason or Luoxian. So I just want to ask whether the foreign ministry can confirm that this particular crossing is indeed open as this report describes. Wang Wenbin: I just stated China’s position and have nothing further to share.路透社记者：还是关于中朝货物运输的问题。有报道提到中国珲春和朝鲜罗先之间的货运。你能否确认报道中提及的口岸是否开放？ 汪文斌：我刚才已经介绍了中方相关立场，没有其他消息要补充。
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Luoxian.