# 骨力
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǔlì
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwat$^1$ lik$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kut-le̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔlì
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔlì
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^3$-li$^4$
*** Yale: gǔ-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guulih
*** Palladius: гули (guli)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$古力 古麗／古丽 穀粒／谷粒 股利 骨力 鼓勵／鼓励
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwat$^1$ lik$^6$
*** Yale: gwāt lihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwat$^7$ lik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gued$^1$ lig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐt̚⁵ lɪk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kut-le̍k
*** Tâi-lô: kut-li̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kutlek
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kwot lik
Rime :
| Character | 骨 | 力 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 沒 (56) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 古忽切 | 林直切 |
| Baxter | kwot | lik |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuət̚/ | /lɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuot̚/ | /lɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuət̚/ | /liek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwət̚/ | /lik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kuət̚/ | /liək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kuət̚/ | /lĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuət̚/ | /li̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gu | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwat$^1$ | lik$^6$ |

#### Noun

骨力
* (calligraphy) vigour of strokes
* vigour of a piece of literary work
* unyielding character
* physical strength

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Manchu guli (團結)?”)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gúli
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˊ ˙ㄌㄧ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gúli
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˊ ˙ㄌㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gúli̊
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^2$-li$^5$
*** Yale: gú-li
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gwu.li
*** Palladius: гули (guli)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku³⁵ li³/

#### Adjective

骨力
* (dialectal Mandarin) vigorous; sturdy
* (dialectal Mandarin) hard and level

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): goh$^6$ lih$^7$ / guoh$^6$ lih$^7$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kut-la̍t
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: goh$^6$ lih$^7$ [Phonetic: goh$^7$ lih$^7$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ liʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: guoh$^6$ lih$^7$ [Phonetic: guoh$^7$ lih$^7$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kuoʔ²⁻²⁴ liʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kut-la̍t
*** Tâi-lô: kut-la̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kutlat
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ lat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kut̚⁵⁻²⁴ lat̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kut̚³²⁻⁵ lat̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ lat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ lat̚⁴/

#### Adjective

骨力
* (Hokkien, Puxian Min) hardworking

##### Synonyms

* 下力 (xiàlì) (Muping Mandarin)
* 亹亹 (wěiwěi) (literary)
* 刻苦 (kèkǔ)
* 力落 (lag$^8$ loh$^8$) (Teochew)
* 努力 (nǔlì)
* 勤力 (qínlì) (literary or Cantonese)
* 勤勉 (qínmiǎn)
* 勤勞／勤劳 (qínláo)
* 勤奮／勤奋 (qínfèn)
* 勤快 (qínkuài) (informal)
* 勤懇／勤恳 (qínkěn) (diligent and conscientious)
* 勤謹／勤谨 (Dungan)
* 堅苦／坚苦 (jiānkǔ) (hardworking and persevering)
* 巴劫 (bājié) (literary)
* 巴巴結結／巴巴结结 (bāba-jiējiē) (regional)
* 急計／急计 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 用功 (yònggōng)
* 發狠／发狠 (fa$^3$ hen$^6$) (Xiang)
* 耐勞／耐劳 (nàiláo)

### References

* “Entry #6829”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.