# کژ
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [kaʒ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰäʒ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰäʒ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [kʰäʒ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [kʰäʒ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [kʰʲæʒ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [kʰäʒ]

### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kaž, gaz), from Proto-Indo-European *kog-, *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook, claw”). Related to چنگ (čang). Cognate with English hook.

#### Adjective

کژ • (kaž) (comparative کژتَر (kaž-tar), superlative کژتَرین (kaž-tarin))
* Alternative form of کج (kaj, “crooked”)
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 317:و آن فسون دیو در دلهای کژ میرود چون کفش کژ در پای کژu ān fasūn-i dēw dar dil-hā-i kaž mē-rawad čōn kafš-i kaž dar pā-i kažWhile the spell of the Devil goes into crooked hearts as a crooked shoe on to a crooked foot.

##### Derived terms

* کژی (kaži)
* کژدم (každom)

#### References

* Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864) “کژ”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume II, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 828
* Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 217

### Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kač). Akin to Old Armenian կաճ (kač, “felt”), Old Georgian ყაჭი (q̇ač̣i), Proto-Nakh *q̇aač̣, Aramaic קָזָא / קָאזָא (qāzzā), Arabic خَزّ (ḵazz), قَزّ (qazz, “silk”), possibly also Sanskrit कोशज (kośaja, “coming from the cocoon, silk”) and Ancient Greek χάσδιον (khásdion, “a kind of silk-cloth”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Alternative forms

* کز (kaz), کج (kaj), غژ (ğaž), قز (qaz)

#### Noun

کژ • (kaž)
* a type of silk

##### Derived terms

* کژاگند (kažâgand), کژاغند (kažâğand), کژاکند (kažâkand), قزاگند (qazâgand), قزاغند (qazâgand), قزاکند (qazâkand), کزاگند (kazâgand), کزاغند (kazâğand), کجاغند (kajâğand), کجاکند (kajâkand)

#### References

* Asbaghi, Asya (1988) Persische Lehnwörter im Arabischen‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 218
* Марр, Н. (1925) “По поводу русского слова "сало" в древнеармянском описании хазарской трапезы VII в. [Regarding the Russian word "сало" in a 7th century Old Armenian description of a Khazar meal]”, in Тексты и разыскания по кавказской филологии. Том 1 (in Russian), Leningrad: Academy Press, page 115 of 66–125
* Tietze, Andreas (1967) “Persian Loanwords in Anatolian Turkish”, in Oriens, volume 20, in collaboration with Gilbert Lazard, →DOI, § 72, page 147 of 125–168
* Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864) “کژ”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume II, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 828
* Zieme, Peter (1995) “Philologische Bemerkungen zu einigen alttürkischen Stoffnamen”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae‎ (in German), volume 48, number 3, pages 493–494