# 狀元
## Chinese

* 狀元

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhuàngyuan, zhuàngyuán
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ ˙ㄩㄢ, ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄩㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zuang$^4$ yuan$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zong$^6$ jyun$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhong-ngièn / chhong-ngiàn
    (Hailu, HRS): cong$^˖$ ngien
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing$^5$ ngue$^2$ / zing$^5$ ngui$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiōng-goân / chiōng-oân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zo$^6$ nguang$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàngyuan
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ ˙ㄩㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàngyuån
*** Wade–Giles: chuang$^4$-yüan$^5$
*** Yale: jwàng-ywan
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq.iuan
*** Palladius: чжуанъюань (čžuanʺjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ɥɛn¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàngyuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàngyuán
*** Wade–Giles: chuang$^4$-yüan$^2$
*** Yale: jwàng-ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanqyuan
*** Palladius: чжуанъюань (čžuanʺjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zuang$^4$ yuan$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zuongwan
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suaŋ²¹³ yan²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zong$^6$ jyun$^4$
*** Yale: johng yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzong$^6$ jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zong$^6$ yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːŋ²² jyːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong-ngièn
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong ngien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cong$^4$ ngian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong-ngiàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong ngian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cong$^4$ ngian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong$^˖$ ngien
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ³³ ŋien⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zing$^5$ ngue$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ²¹ ŋuei¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zing$^5$ ngui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ²¹ ŋui¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Philippines, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiōng-goân
*** Tâi-lô: tsiōng-guân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioxnggoaan
*** IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /t͡siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ɡuan²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ɡuan²⁴/
*** IPA (Philippines): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ɡuan²³/
** (Hokkien: Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiōng-oân
*** Tâi-lô: tsiōng-uân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioxng'oaan
*** IPA (Philippines): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² uan²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zo$^6$ nguang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsŏ nguâng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡so³⁵⁻¹¹ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dzrjangH ngjwon
Rime :
| Character | 狀 | 元 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 鋤亮切 | 愚袁切 |
| Baxter | dzrjangH | ngjwon |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʒɨɐŋ$^H$/ | /ŋʉɐn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖ͡ʐiɐŋ$^H$/ | /ŋʷiɐn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʒiɑŋ$^H$/ | /ŋiuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖ͡ʐɨaŋ$^H$/ | /ŋuan/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʒiaŋ$^H$/ | /ŋiuɐn/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʒĭaŋ$^H$/ | /ŋĭwɐn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɖ͡ʐʱi̯aŋ$^H$/ | /ŋi̯wɐn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhuàng | yuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zong$^6$ | jyun$^4$ |

### Noun

狀元
* (historical) zhuangyuan, someone who was ranked first class in the palace examination, the highest level of the Chinese imperial examination; champion
* (in modern uses) one who achieves the highest score in an examination; top scorer; valedictorian
* (by extension) the very best in a field; top performer
    From: 1993, June 22, Ji Xianlin (季羡林), My Study（《我的书斋》）
    Cèshù cónglái méiyǒu tǒngjì guò, zǒng yǒu jīwàn cè ba. Zài Běidà jiàoshòu zhōng, “cángshū zhuàngyuán” wǒ kǒngpà shì dāngzhīwúkuì de. [Pinyin]
    I have never counted the number of my books; probably it exceeds tens of thousands. Of all the professors at Peking University, I'm deservedly “No.1” in terms of stored books.
* (Hokkien, dice games) the winning dice roll in a Mooncake Festival Dice Game

#### Synonyms

* 龍頭／龙头 (lóngtóu)

#### Coordinate terms

* 榜眼 (bǎngyǎn)
* 探花 (tànhuā)

#### Derived terms

* 三百六十行，行行出狀元／三百六十行，行行出状元 (sānbǎi liùshí háng, hángháng chū zhuàngyuán)
* 中狀元／中状元
* 有狀元學生，無狀元先生／有状元学生，无状元先生
* 狀元及第／状元及第
* 狀元及第粥／状元及第粥
* 狀元圓／状元圆
* 狀元籌／状元筹
* 狀元籤／状元签
* 狀元紅／状元红
* 狀元餅／状元饼
* 狀元香／状元香
* 行行出狀元／行行出状元
* 跋狀元籌／跋状元筹

#### Descendants

* → Thai: จอหงวน
* → Vietnamese: trạng nguyên

### References

* “Entry #4347”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.