# undermargin
## English
### Etymology 1

From under- +‎ margin.

#### Noun

undermargin (plural undermargins)
* The lower rim or margin of something.
** 1915, Domestic Engineering and the Journal of Mechanical Contracting:In a valve of the type herein described, the combination of a valve casing provided with a partition dividing its interior into an inlet chamber, an outlet chamber and a piston chamber, the piston chamber having a lower portion of greater area than its upper portion, the said partition having a passage connecting the inlet and outlet chambers, the undermargin of said passage being formed into a valve seat, a restricted passage in the aforesaid partition connecting the inlet chamber with the lower end of the piston chamber, a piston valve disposed in said piston chamber and having upper and lower portions corresponding in diameter to that of the upper and lower portions of the piston chamber and moving therein, ....
** 1949, Rufus Ashley Lyman, Pharmaceutical Compounding and Dispensing, page 119:To overcome this difficulty, the undermargins of the poultice may be treated with Some oleaginous material such as petrolatum or one of the vegetable oils.
** 1962, Studies in Genetics, page 159:The angle formed by the anterior and undermargins is termed the heel (A-5) by Hsu, the angulo anterior-inferior by Malogolowkin.
** 1992, Suzanne C. O'Connell Smeltzer, Brenda G. Bare, Lillian Sholtis Brunner, Brunner and Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing, →ISBN:This is performed through an incision along the undermargin of the breast, in the axilla, or at the border of the areola and the breast is then elevated and a pocket is formed between the breast and the chest wall.
* The lower margin of a page or of an inset image on a page, where it is possible to add a caption.
** 1866, Gustaaf Schlegel, Thian Ti Hwui: The Hung-league, Or Heaven-earth-league, page 40:On the undermargin stands the inscription: "Abolish the Tsing, exterminate the Manchoos.”
** 1874, Frederik Muller, Catalogue of Books, Maps, Plates on America, and of a Remarkable Early Voyages:Same plate, 3$^d$ state, fainter impression, the year 1658 in the undermargin eflaced, with the names of painter and engraver.
** 2013, Martinus Nijhoff, Catalogue of Books and Periodicals on International Law and Diplomatic History, →ISBN:The undermargin of the titlepage repaired, without loss of text.
* (finance) A shortfall; the amount by which the value of an investment purchased on margin falls below the required maintenance amount.
** 1978, The Philippine Law Report - Volume 5, page xcvii:In the instant case, it should be noted that the petitioner did not know the exact abount of its undermargin, and that even after its request for a statement of account, it was only some three months thereafter that private respondents were able to comply.
** 1990, CA Magazine - Volume 123, page 36:An undermargin or shortfall in security can occur at any time during a company's business cycle.
** 1995, Michael T. Reddy, Securities operations:A $2,000 decrease in a long account would only have resulted in an undermargin amount of $1,000.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

#### Verb

undermargin (third-person singular simple present undermargins, present participle undermargining, simple past and past participle undermargined)
* (finance) To fall below margin; to create an undermargin.
** 1973, American jurisprudence: a modern comprehensive text statement of American Law, State and Federal, Volume 69, page 852:In view of the second aspect of its control function, the Federal Reserve Board prohibits, with specified limited exceptions, the wisthdrawal of securities from general accounts where such withdrawals would undermargin such accounts.
** 2006, David J. Sharp, Cases in Business Ethics, →ISBN, page 32:Marchisi's account had a negative equity of $492 and was undermargined by $4,534.
* To buy less on margin than one can afford.
** 2010, Robert W. Kolb, Lessons from the Financial Crisis, →ISBN:Finally, exchanges need to be wary of adverse selection — positions that are undermargined would be heavily used while those that are overmargined would be less popular.

### Anagrams

* underarming