OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 扶ける
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 扶
* たす Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 扶ける – see the following entry. :
| 【助たすける】 | [verb] to help; to assist [verb] to save; to rescue Alternative spellings 輔ける, 右ける, 佑ける, 幇ける, 佐ける |
| 【助すける】 | [verb] Synonym of 助ける (tasukeru) above. Alternative spellings 輔ける, 右ける, 佑ける, 幇ける, 佐ける |
(This term, 扶ける, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.) :
# қашыр
## Kazakh

Alternative scripts :
| Arabic | قاشىر |
| Cyrillic | қашыр |
| Latin | qaşyr |
| Yañalif | qacьr |

### Etymology

Cognate with Turkish katır, Kyrgyz качыр (kacır), Azerbaijani qatır; also with Uzbek xachir and Uyghur خېچىر (xëchir).

### Noun

қашыр • (qaşyr)
* mule
# 幸虧
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xìngkuī
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄎㄨㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hang$^6$ kwai$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hěng-khui / hēng-khui
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xìngkuī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄎㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìngkuei
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^4$-kʻuei$^1$
*** Yale: syìng-kwēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinqkuei
*** Palladius: синкуй (sinkuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ⁵¹ kʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hang$^6$ kwai$^1$
*** Yale: hahng kwāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hang$^6$ kwai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heng$^6$ kuei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐŋ²² kʷʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hěng-khui
*** Tâi-lô: hǐng-khui
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²² kʰui³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēng-khui
*** Tâi-lô: hīng-khui
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hexngquy
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰui⁴⁴/

### Adverb

幸虧
* fortunately; luckily
    From: 1919, Lu Xun（魯迅）,《明天》 (“Tomorrow”), translated in English by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang
    Xiàbàntiān, guānmù cái héshàng gài: yīnwèi Shàn sìsǎozǐ kū yīhuí, kàn yīhuí, zǒng bùkěn sǐxīntādì de gàishàng; xìngkuī Wáng jiǔmā děng de bùnàifán, qìfènfèn de pǎo shàngqián, yībǎ tuōkāi tā, cái qīshǒubājiǎo de gàishàng le. [Pinyin]
    Not till that afternoon was the lid of the coffin put on, because Fourth Shan's Wife would keep crying, then taking a look, and could not bear to have the lid closed down. Luckily, Ninth Aunt Wang grew tired of waitng, hurried indignantly forward and pulled her aside. Then they hastily closed it up.

#### Synonyms

* 佳哉 (Hokkien)
* 多虧／多亏 (duōkuī)
* 好代得 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 好佳哉 (Hokkien)
* 好值得 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 好在 (hǎozài)
* 好彩 (Cantonese, Hakka)
* 好得 (Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew)
* 好是 (hǎoshì) (formal)
* 好路 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 幸好 (xìnghǎo)
* 幸而 (xìng'ér)
* 得虧／得亏 (děikuī) (dialectal)
* 打幫／打帮 (Hakka)
* 虧／亏 (kuī)
* 虧得／亏得 (kuīde)
* 造化 (cô̤-*huá) (Eastern Min)
# crystal clearer
## English
### Adjective

crystal clearer
* (rare) comparative form of crystal clear: more crystal clear
# Iceland spar
## English
### Noun

Iceland spar (countable and uncountable, plural Iceland spars)
* A transparent form of calcite, used to demonstrate the polarization of light.
    Synonym: Iceland crystal
** 2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 127:portions of the original aragonite—which make up the nacreous layers of the pearl—had, through “induced paramorphism,” as it was known to the artful sons of Nippon, been selectively changed here and there to a different form of calcium carbonate—namely, to microscopic crystals of the doubly refracting calcite known as Iceland spar.

### Anagrams

* spiral dance
# calças à boca de sino
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* calças à boca-de-sino (pre-1990 spelling)
* calças boca de sino

### Noun

calças à boca de sino f pl (plural only)
* bell-bottoms
    Synonym: boca de sino

#### Related terms

* calças
* sino
# castanha-do-pará
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* castanha do Pará (pre-1990 spelling)

### Etymology

Named after Captaincy of Grão Pará, former administrative unit in Brazil's North Region, to which the nut is native.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kasˌtɐ̃.ɲɐ.du.paˈɾa/ [kasˌtɐ̃.j̃ɐ.du.paˈɾa]
* (Brazil) IPA: /kasˌtɐ̃.ɲɐ.du.paˈɾa/ [kasˌtɐ̃.j̃ɐ.du.paˈɾa]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /kaʃˌtɐ̃.ɲɐ.du.paˈɾa/ [kaʃˌtɐ̃.j̃ɐ.du.paˈɾa]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /kasˌtɐ.ɲa.do.paˈɾa/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kɐʃˌtɐ.ɲɐ.du.pɐˈɾa/ [kɐʃˌtɐ.ɲɐ.ðu.pɐˈɾa]
* (Portugal) IPA: /kɐʃˌtɐ.ɲɐ.du.pɐˈɾa/ [kɐʃˌtɐ.ɲɐ.ðu.pɐˈɾa]
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /kɐʃˌta.ɲɐ.du.pɐˈɾa/ [kɐʃˌta.ɲɐ.ðu.pɐˈɾa]

### Noun

castanha-do-pará f (plural castanhas-do-pará)
* brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa)
    Synonyms: castanha-do-brasil, noz-amazônica, tucari, turiri
** 1864, Couto de Magalhães, “Appendice”, in Relatorio dos negocios da provincia do Pará‎, Belém: Typographia Frederico Rhossard, Castanhas, page 9:A castanha do Pará, geral e impropriamente conhecida com o nome de castanha do Maranhão, é, como se sabe, o fructo da Bertholletia Excelsa ou castanheiro.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1869, Domingos Soares Ferreira Penna, chapter VII, in A região occidental da provincia do Pará‎, Belém: Typographia do Diario de Belem, page 211:O preço da castanha do Pará, segundo se me informou, regulava ha 60 annos, a 80 réis por alqueire e conservou-se por muito tempo a 100, 160 e 200 réis.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1890, Paula Freitas, “Explorações em Matto-Grosso”, in Revista da Sociedade de Geographia do Rio de Janeiro‎, volume VI, number 4, Rio de Janeiro: Typographia Perseverança, page 148:Já então não tinhamos mantimentos alguns; as nossas barracas estavam completamente podres; foi preciso fazer ranchos de palha para nos abrigarmos das chuvas torrenciaes que cahiam sem interrupção. Os nossos recursos eram a caça e a pesca e pricipalmente o fructo do tucary, a castanha do Pará.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
# 太極旗
## Chinese

* 太極旗

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Tàijíqí
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄞˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄑㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taai$^3$ gik$^6$ kei$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Thài-ke̍k-kî / Thài-kia̍k-kî
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Tàijíqí
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄞˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄑㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Tàijící
*** Wade–Giles: Tʻai$^4$-chi$^2$-chʻi$^2$
*** Yale: Tài-jí-chí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tayjyichyi
*** Palladius: Тайцзици (Tajczici)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taai$^3$ gik$^6$ kei$^4$
*** Yale: taai gihk kèih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taai$^3$ gik$^9$ kei$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tai$^3$ gig$^6$ kéi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːi̯³³ kɪk̚² kʰei̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thài-ke̍k-kî
*** Tâi-lô: Thài-ki̍k-kî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tae'kegkii
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² ki²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ki¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² ki²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² ki²³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thài-kia̍k-kî
*** Tâi-lô: Thài-kia̍k-kî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tae'kiagkii
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiak̚²⁴⁻² ki²⁴/

### Proper noun

太極旗
* Taegeukgi, the official flag of South Korea

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 太 | 極 | 旗 |
| たい Grade: 2 | きょく Grade: 4 | き Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi |||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ta̠ikʲo̞kɯ̟kʲi]

### Proper noun

太(たい)極(きょく)旗(き) • (Taikyokuki)
* Taegeukgi, the official flag of South Korea

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 太 | 極 | 旗 |

### Proper noun

太極旗 • (Taegeukgi) (hangeul 태극기)
* hanja form of 태극기 (“Taegeukgi, the official flag of South Korea”)
# hematológia
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From scientific Latin haematologia. With -lógia ending.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈhɛmɒtoloːɡijɒ]
* Hyphenation: he‧ma‧to‧ló‧gia
* Rhymes: -jɒ

### Noun

hematológia (plural hematologiák)
* haematology, hematology
    Synonym: vértan

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦematɔloːɡi̯a]

### Noun

hematológia f (related adjective hematologický)
* haematology, hematology

#### Related terms

* hematológ
* hematologička

### Further reading

* “hematológia”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# veľkomučenica
## Slovak
### Etymology

From veľký +‎ -o- +‎ mučenica.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈveʎkɔmut͡ʃeɲit͡sa]

### Noun

veľkomučenica f
* great martyress; female equivalent of veľkomučeník
# prvomučenica
## Slovak
### Etymology

From prvý +‎ -o- +‎ mučenica.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpr̩vɔmut͡ʃeɲit͡sa]

### Noun

prvomučenica f
* protomartyress; female equivalent of prvomučeník
# bridlica
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbridʎit͡sa]

### Noun

bridlica f (related adjective bridlicový)
* shale (sedimentary rock)
    Synonym: ílovitá bridlica
* slate (sedimentary rock)
    Synonym: kryštalická bridlica

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “bridlica”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# espinho de Jerusalém
## Portuguese
### Noun

espinho de Jerusalém m (plural espinhos de Jerusalém)
* Pre-reform spelling (used until 1990) of espinho-de-jerusalém. Still used in countries where the agreement hasn't come into effect; may occur as a sporadic misspelling.
# tanečnica
## Slovak
### Etymology

From tanec (“dance”) +‎ -nica (“suffix forming female occupational names”); the taxonomic name is metonymical expressing the similarity of the mushroom with a fairy female dancer with an umbrella.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtaɲet͡ʃɲit͡sa]
* Rhymes: -t͡sa, -ɲit͡sa
* Hyphenation: ta‧nec‧ni‧ca

### Noun

tanečnica f (male equivalent tanečník)
* female dancer
* (taxonomy) fungus belonging to the genus Marasmius or to the species of the genera Gloiocephala, Gymnopus, Mycetinis etc. that were previously classified under the generic name Marasmius, fairy ring mushroom, parachute mushroom

#### Related terms

* tancovať
* tanec m
* tanečný
* barová tanečnica
* cirkusová tanečnica
* dobrá tanečnica
* revuálna tanečnica
* sólová tanečnica
* tanečnica poľná (“Marasmius oreades, fairy ring mushroom”)

### Further reading

* “tanečnica”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# Schuft
## German
### Etymology

According to Kluge, borrowed from Middle Low German schūvūt (“eagle owl”) (itself onomatopoeic in origin). The word may have been applied to criminals because, like the bird, they shy away from the light of day.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃʊft]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ʊft

### Noun

Schuft m (strong, genitive Schuftes or Schufts, plural Schufte)
* scoundrel, villain

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

#### Derived terms

* schuftig

### Further reading

* “Schuft” in Duden online
* “Schuft” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* Friedrich Kluge (2002) “Schuft”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 24th edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN

## Plautdietsch
### Etymology

From Middle Low German schūvūt (“eagle owl”), of imitative origin.

### Noun

Schuft m (plural Schuften)
* scoundrel, rogue, scamp
# Dodo
## German
### Etymology

From Portuguese doudo (“simpleton”)

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Dodo m (strong, genitive Dodos, plural Dodos)
* Dodo, †Raphus cucullatus.
    Synonym: Dronte f

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Dodo” in Duden online
# feijão-com-arroz
## Portuguese
### Adjective

feijão-com-arroz (invariable)
* Pre-reform spelling (used until 1990) of feijão com arroz. Still used in countries where the agreement hasn't come into effect; may occur as a sporadic misspelling.
# foras-da-lei
## Portuguese
### Noun

foras-da-lei m or f
* plural of fora-da-lei
# harmónica
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* harmônica (Brazil)

### Etymology

From English harmonica.

### Pronunciation

* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐɾˈmɔ.ni.kɐ/
* Hyphenation: har‧mó‧ni‧ca

### Noun

harmónica f (plural harmónicas) (European Portuguese spelling)
* (music) harmonica
    Synonyms: gaita de beiços, gaita

### Adjective

harmónica (European Portuguese spelling)
* feminine singular of harmónico
# thāsǖthōng
## Khiamniungan Naga
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰa³³ʃə³³tʰoŋ³³/

### Noun

thāsǖthōng
* (Patsho) relatives
# jovialiteit
## Dutch
### Etymology

From joviaal +‎ -iteit.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

jovialiteit f (plural jovialiteiten)
* joviality
# thāthōng
## Khiamniungan Naga
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰa³³tʰoŋ³³/

### Noun

thāthōng
* (Patsho) siblings
# lua-de-mel
## Portuguese
### Noun

lua-de-mel f (plural luas-de-mel)
* Pre-reform spelling (used until 1990) of lua de mel. Still used in countries where the agreement hasn't come into effect; may occur as a sporadic misspelling.
# چفتجیلك
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From چفتجی (çiftci, “farmer, husbandman”) +‎ ـلك (-lik, lük, “-ness, -ship, -hood”).

### Noun

چفتجیلك • (çiftcilik)
* agriculture, husbandry, agronomy, the occupation or work of a husbandman or farmer
    Synonyms: دهقانی (dihkânî), فلاحت (felahat)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: çiftçilik
* → Albanian: çiftçillëk

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “çiftçilik”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 987
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “چفتجیلك”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 184a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “چفتجیلك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 471
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “چفتجیلك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1625
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “چفتجیلك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 723
# pugnas
## Latin
### Verb

pugnās
* second-person singular present active indicative of pugnō

### Noun

pugnās f
* accusative plural of pugna (“fight, battle”)

## Portuguese
### Verb

pugnas
* second-person singular present indicative of pugnar

## Spanish
### Noun

pugnas f pl
* plural of pugna

### Verb

pugnas
* second-person singular present indicative of pugnar
# elm tree
## English
### Alternative forms

* elmtree

### Noun

elm tree (plural elm trees)
* A tree of the genus Ulmus.

#### Usage notes

* Elm tree is less commonly used by far than elm in referring to such trees.

#### Synonyms

* elm

#### Translations
### References

* “elm tree”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
# elow
## Cornish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

elow f pl (singulative elowen)
* (collective) elms
# Maria vai com as outras
## Portuguese
### Noun

Maria vai com as outras m or f by sense (plural Maria vai com as outras or (nonstandard) Marias vai com as outras or (nonstandard) Marias vão com as outras)
* Alternative spelling of maria vai com as outras
# hyperphysicality
## English
### Noun

hyperphysicality (uncountable)
* The quality of being hyperphysical.
# nenāc
## Latvian
### Verb

nenāc
* inflection of nenākt:
** second-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative
# thēpthēp
## Khiamniungan Naga
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰep³³tʰep³³/

### Adjective

thēpthēp
* (Patsho) wet or soaked
# respawn
## English
### Etymology

From re- +‎ spawn.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)
* IPA: /ɹɪˈspɔːn/, /ɹiˈspɔːn/
* Rhymes: -ɔːn

### Verb

respawn (third-person singular simple present respawns, present participle respawning, simple past and past participle respawned)
* (zoology) To spawn again.
** 1970, Idaho Wildlife Review, volumes 23-29, page 161:This diminishes even further the remote chance of the fish surviving to respawn.
* (video games, of a collected item, weapon or other pickup, or enemy) To reappear at its spawn point.
* (video games, of a character) To re-enter play after being killed, often where the game was last saved.
** 2009 September 17, Pinsent Masons, “Hidden Flash cookies track even opt-out users on web's biggest sites”, in Out-law‎, retrieved 2014-04-24:Some top 100 websites are circumventing user deletion of HTTP cookies by respawning them using Flash cookies with identical values, […]
** 2014 March 25, Angela Watercutter, “Tom Cruise Respawns Into Alien War in New Edge of Tomorrow Trailer”, in Wired‎, retrieved 2014-04-24:How and why he gets stuck in this constant respawn cycle is a bit unclear, […]
** 2024 April 3, Dan Milmo, quoting Mark Borkowski, “How much is Elon Musk to blame for Tesla sales slip?”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:“Everything in this cult of personality is fragile,” Borkowski said, but added that Musk had proven before that he can “re-spawn” when he encountered difficulties.

#### Antonyms

* despawn

### Noun

respawn (plural respawns)
* (video games) The reappearance of an item or enemy; the situation where something is respawned.
** 2014, Jeff W. Murray, C# Game Programming Cookbook for Unity 3D, page 339:The race controller will check for a trigger hit between this player's collider and the start/finish line trigger, but this script has an OnTriggerEnter function to check for triggers used to force a respawn.

### Anagrams

* Pawsner, enwraps, pawners, repawns, spawner
# มลาก
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | มลาก m l ā k |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | มฺลาก m ̥ l ā k |
| Romanization | Paiboon | mlâak |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | mlak |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /mlaːk̚˥˩/ |

### Etymology 1
#### Adverb

มลาก • (mlâak) (abstract noun ความมลาก)
* Alternative form of มาก (mâak, “many”)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

มลาก • (mlâak) (abstract noun การมลาก)
* Alternative form of ลาก (lâak, “to drag”)

### References

* “มลาก”, in พจนานุกรม ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน พ.ส. ๒๕๕๔ [The Royal Institute Dictionary, BE 2554]‎ (in Thai), 2011
# 浮腫み
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 浮 | 腫 |
| む Grade: S | く Grade: S |
| jukujikun ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 浮腫み – see the following entry. :
| 【むくみ】 | [noun] 浮腫, 浮腫み: edema [verb] 浮腫み: stem or continuative form of むくむ (mukumu) [godan] Alternative spelling 浮腫 |
(This term, 浮腫み, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# शुध्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* शुन्ध् (śundh), शोध् (śodh)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱew-dʰ- (“clean”), an extension of *(s)ḱew- (“to shine”). Probably related to शोण (śoṇa, “red, crimson”) and शुच् (śuc, “to shine”).

### Root

शुध् • (śudh)
* to purify

#### Derived terms
##### Primary Verbal Forms

* शुध्यति (śudhyati, Present)
* शुन्धति (śundhati, Present)
* शुन्द्धि (śunddhi, Present imperative)
* शोत्स्यति (śotsyáti, Future)
* शुन्धिष्यति (śundhiṣyáti, Future)
* शोद्धा (śoddhā́, Periphrastic Future)
* शुन्धिता (śundhitā́, Periphrastic Future)
* अशुधत् (áśudhat, Aorist)
* अशुन्धीत् (áśundhīt, Aorist)
* शुशोध (śuśódha, Perfect)
* शुशुन्ध (śuśundha, Perfect)

##### Secondary Forms

* शुध्यते (śudhyáte, Passive)
* अशोधि (áśodhi, Passive Aorist)
* शुन्धयति (śundhayati, Causative)
* शोधयति (śodhayati, Causative)
* अशूशुधत् (aśūśudhat, Causative Aorist)
* शुशुत्सति (śuśutsati, Desiderative)
* शोशुध्यते (śośudhyate, Intensive)
* शोशोद्धि (śośoddhi, Intensive)

##### Non-Finite Forms

* शुद्ध (śuddha, Past Participle)
* शोद्धुम् (śoddhum, Infinitive)
* शोधनीय (śodhanī́ya, Gerundive)
* शोधयितव्य (śodhayitavya, Causative Gerundive)

##### Derived Nominal Forms

* शोध (śodha)
* शोधक (śodhaka)
* शोधिन् (śodhin)
* शोध्य (śodhya)
* शुन्धन (śundhana)
* शोधन (śodhana)
* शुद्धि (śuddhi)
* शुन्ध्यु (śundhyu)

#### Descendants

* Pali: sudh

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “शुध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1082.
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “शुध्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 175
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “शुध्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 646; 657
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 356-357
* Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 330
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) “0595”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 0595
# gryplan
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* gry plan (less common)

### Etymology

Likely a calque of German Spielplan. By surface analysis, gra +‎ -y- +‎ plan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡrɘ.plan/
* Rhymes: -ɘplan
* Syllabification: gry‧plan

### Noun

gryplan m inan
* (colloquial, humorous) Synonym of harmonogram (“schedule”)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* gryplan in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* gryplan in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* gryplan in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
# ostrom
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Sturm (“storm”), from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈoʃtrom]
* Hyphenation: ost‧rom
* Rhymes: -om

### Noun

ostrom (plural ostromok)
* siege

#### Derived terms

* ostromol
* ostromállapot
* ostromgép
* ostromzár

### References

* ↑ ostrom in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* ostrom in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Goral):
*** (Żywiec) IPA: /ˈɔs.trɔm/

### Noun

ostrom m inan
* (Żywiec, construction) beam on which a ceiling beam rest

### Further reading

* Izydor Kopernicki (1875) “ostrom”, in Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I), volume 3, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 373

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɔstrɔm]

### Adjective

ostrom
* masculine/neuter locative singular of ostrý
# pé-de-chumbo
## Portuguese
### Noun

pé-de-chumbo m (plural pés-de-chumbo)
* Pre-reform spelling (used until 1990) of pé de chumbo. Still used in countries where the agreement hasn't come into effect; may occur as a sporadic misspelling.