# 行李
## Chinese
### Etymology

From 行理 (“messenger”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xínglǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hang$^4$ lei$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hàng-lí / hèn-lí
* Jin (Wiktionary): xing$^1$ li$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hèng-*lī
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hêng-lí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hêng$^5$ li$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ghan-li
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xínglǐ → xíngli (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˇ → ㄒㄧㄥˊ ˙ㄌㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: síngli̊
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^2$-li$^5$
*** Yale: syíng-li
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyng.lii
*** Palladius: синли (sinli)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ → /ɕiŋ³⁵ li³/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$行李 行禮／行礼
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hang$^4$ lei$^5$
*** Yale: hàhng léih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hang$^4$ lei$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heng$^4$ léi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐŋ²¹ lei̯¹³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàng-lí / hèn-lí
*** Hakka Romanization System: hang$^ˇ$ li$^ˋ$ / hen$^ˇ$ li$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hang$^2$ li$^3$ / hen$^2$ li$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹ li³¹/, /hen¹¹ li³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xing$^1$ li$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiŋ¹¹ li⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hèng-*lī
*** Sinological IPA : /hɛiŋ⁵³⁻³³ l̃i³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-lí
*** Tâi-lô: hîng-lí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: henglie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² li⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² li⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ li⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hêng$^5$ li$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hêng lí
*** Sinological IPA : /heŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ghan-li
*** MiniDict: ghan$^去$ li
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhan-li
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦã²² li⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: haeng liX
Rime :
| Character | 行 | 李 |
| Reading # | 2/4 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 戸庚切 | 良士切 |
| Baxter | haeng | liX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠæŋ/ | /lɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚaŋ/ | /lɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣaŋ/ | /lie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨjŋ/ | /lɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɐŋ/ | /liə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɐŋ/ | /lĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɐŋ/ | /li$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | héng | lǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hang$^4$ | lei$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤraŋ C.rəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːŋ rɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 行 | 李 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xíng | lǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hæng › | ‹ li$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.[ɡ]ˁraŋ/ | /*C.rəʔ/ |
| English | walk (v.) | plum |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 行 | 李 |
| Reading # | 3/4 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13867 | 17869 |
| Phonetic component | 行 | 子 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 行 | 里 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡraːŋ/ | /*rɯʔ/ |

### Noun

行李
* belongings one carries for travelling; luggage; baggage (Classifier: 件 m c; 奇 mn)
    行李托運／行李托运 ― xínglǐ tuōyùn ― bag drop
    行李安檢／行李安检 ― xínglǐ ānjiǎn ― luggage inspection
    行李寄存處／行李寄存处 ― xínglǐ jìcúnchù ― luggage deposit
    托運行李／托运行李 ― tuōyùn xínglǐ ― to check through luggage
    行李傳送帶／行李传送带 ― xínglǐ chuánsòngdài ― baggage carousel
       Qǐng bǎ tā de xíngli ná huíjiā. [Pinyin]
       Please take his luggage back home.
       Xíngli ràng yǔ gěi lìnshī le. [Pinyin]
       The luggage was soaked by rain.
* (Classical) herald; messenger

#### Derived terms

* 行李房
* 行李捲兒／行李卷儿
* 行李箱 (xínglǐxiāng)
* 行李袋
* 行李車／行李车 (xínglǐchē)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 行李(こうり) (kōri)
* → Korean: 행리(行李) (haengni)
* → Vietnamese: hành lí (行李)
Others:
* → Uyghur: شىڭلى (shingli)

#### See also

* 行裝／行装 (xíngzhuāng)

### References

* Duffus, William (1883) “baggage”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 16

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 行 | 李 |
| こう Grade: 2 | り Jinmeiyō |
| kan'on | on'yomi |
* Alternative spelling
* 梱
/kauri/ → /kɔːri/ → /koːri/
From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 行李 (MC haeng liX, “baggage, luggage”). First cited in Japanese in a section of the 続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi) dated to 706.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーり [kóꜜòrì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ko̞ːɾʲi]

#### Counter

行(こう)李(り) • (-kōri)
* [from 1867] used to count items of luggage, cargo, or freight: box, bundle, item, bale, package

##### Usage notes

More commonly encountered with the shortened reading kori.

#### Noun

行(こう)李(り) • (kōri)
* [from 1612] a wicker trunk used as luggage, with a lid that slides down over the top, generally made of bamboo, willow, or wisteria
    Synonym: 葛籠 (tsuzura, more general term for any wicker basket or box)
* [from 892] a messenger, an envoy
    Synonym: 使者 (shisha)
* [from 706] luggage, baggage (what one takes on a trip to contain one's possessions)
    Synonym: 荷物 (nimotsu)
* [from early 1100s] a trip, a voyage (by extension from the luggage sense)
    Synonyms: 旅 (tabi), 旅行 (ryokō)
* [from 1939] (historical, military) in the former Japanese army, the unit tasked with transporting materiel and supplies: military logistics

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 行 | 李 |
| こう > こ Grade: 2 | り Jinmeiyō |
| irregular | on'yomi |
* Alternative spelling
* 梱
/kɔːri/ → /kori/
Analyzable as a shortening of the kōri reading. First cited in 1523.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こり [kóꜜrì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ko̞ɾʲi]

#### Counter

行(こ)李(り) • (-kori)
* [from late 1870s] used to count items of luggage, cargo, or freight: box, bundle, item, bale, package

#### Noun

行(こ)李(り) • (kori)
* [from 1523] a bundle of one or more pieces of luggage secured with rope or cord
* [from 1603] a wicker trunk used as luggage, with a lid that slides down over the top, generally made of bamboo, willow, or wisteria
    Synonym: 葛籠 (tsuzura, more general term for any wicker basket or box)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 行 | 李 |
| あん Grade: 2 | り Jinmeiyō |
| tōon | on'yomi |
Shift from earlier kōri reading to adopt the tō-on reading for the initial 行 character. May be either a later re-borrowing from Chinese, or influenced by later changes in Chinese pronunciation.
First attested in the 1230s.
This reading is not included in various dictionaries and may be obsolete.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あんり [áꜜǹrì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ã̠n̺ɾʲi]

#### Noun

行(あん)李(り) • (anri)
* [from 1230s] (Zen Buddhism) Alternative spelling of 行履 (anri): daily life, what one does in a regular day
    Synonyms: 行住坐臥 (gyōjūzaga, Zen terminology, literally “going, staying, sitting, lying down”), 日常生活 (nichijō seikatsu, general terminology, literally “daily lifestyle”)
* [from 1548] (archaic, possibly obsolete) luggage, baggage (what one takes on a trip to contain one's possessions)
    Synonym: 荷物 (nimotsu)
* [from 1717] (archaic, possibly obsolete) a messenger, an envoy
    Synonym: 使者 (shisha)

### References

* 1 2 “行李・梱”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ “梱・行李”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ “行李”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 行 | 李 |

### Noun

行李
* chữ Hán form of hành lí (“luggage; baggage”).