# 何時
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): héshí
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ ㄕˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ho$^4$ si$^4$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): ho$^2$ si$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hô-sî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ho$^5$ si$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: héshí
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ ㄕˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: héshíh
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^2$-shih$^2$
*** Yale: hé-shŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hershyr
*** Palladius: хэши (xɛši)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$何時／何时 和食 核實／核实
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ho$^4$ si$^4$
*** Yale: hòh sìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ho$^4$ si$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ho$^4$ xi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔː²¹ siː²¹/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ho$^2$ si$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ho¹¹ sz̩¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô-sî
*** Tâi-lô: hô-sî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoisii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ho²⁴⁻²² si²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ho²⁴⁻²² si²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ho¹³⁻²² si¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ho²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²³⁻³³ si²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ho$^5$ si$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hô sî
*** Sinological IPA : /ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ si⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: ha dzyi
Rime :
| Character | 何 | 時 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 胡歌切 | 市之切 |
| Baxter | ha | dzyi |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɑ/ | /d͡ʑɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦɑ/ | /d͡ʑɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɑ/ | /d͡ʑie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦa/ | /d͡ʑɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɑ/ | /ʑiə/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɑ/ | /ʑĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɑ/ | /ʑi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hé | chí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ho$^4$ | si$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤaj [d]ə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːl djɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 何 | 時 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hé | shí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ha › | ‹ dzyi › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁaj/ | /*[d]ə/ (~ *[d]əʔ) |
| English | what | time |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 何 | 時 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 7458 | 12042 |
| Phonetic component | 可 | 寺 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 何 | 時 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡaːl/ | /*djɯ/ |

### Pronoun

何時
* (literary) when; what time
       Wúlùn héshí hédì, zhǐyào nǐ yǒu kùnnan huò yǒu rènhé yíwèn, dōu huānyíng suíshí liánxì wǒ. [Pinyin]
       No matter when or where you have any difficulties or questions, please feel free to contact me.
    From: 1925, 朱自清 (Zhu Ziqing), 背影 (Retreating Figure)
    Ài, wǒ bùzhī héshí zài néng yǔ tā xiāngjiàn. [Pinyin]
    Alas, I do not know when I will see him again.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 曷, 何時, 幾時 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 何時, 幾時, 什麼時候 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 多咱兒, 多會兒, 多咱, 多早, 多早晚兒, 多咱晚兒, 多晚兒, 幾兒, 幾兒個 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 什麼時候 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 啥時候, 多會兒, 多前兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 啥時候兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 什麼時候, 啥時候, 多會兒, 多咱, 多晚, 多晚兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 什麼時候, 啥時候, 多會兒, 多咱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 幾時, 什麼時候 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 幾時, 什麼時候 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 多咱, 多晚兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 啥時候, 多前兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 多咱兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 多會兒, 多怎 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 多會兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 多咱, 什麼時候, 麼時候 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 多亥兒, 多時晚兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 多咱, 多會兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 多咱晚兒, 啥時候兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 多乎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong (Ronghe) | 幾當番 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 啥時候兒, 多早兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 什麼時候, 啥時候, 幾時 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 多乎兒, 啥時候, 阿個時候, 阿會兒, 阿空兒, 多咱 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 早晚, 多咱, 多會兒, 啥時候, 什麼時候 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 啥時候兒, 幾時, 多會兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 啥時候, 幾時 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 幾時, 多會, 多會兒, 啥時候 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 什麼時節 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 啥時節, 啥時候, 多會兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 哪陣, 哪陣子, 啥子時候, 啥子時候兒, 啥時候兒, 哪個時候, 好久 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 麼咱, 幾時, 幾咱, 幾麼咱, 哪咱, 哪麼咱, 什麼時候 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 好久, 哪崗, 哪下, 哪陣, 哪樣時候 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 什麼時候, 多陣, 哪陣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 什麼時候 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 幾時, 哪時, 什麼時候 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 什麼時候, 幾時, 多咱, 多咱子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 什麼時候, 多晚子, 多晚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 什麼時候, 多早晚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 哄晌子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 幾時, 乜嘢時候 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 幾時, 邊時 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 乜時候 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 乜嘢時候 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 幾時, 乜嘢時候 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 幾時 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 幾時 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 幾場中, 幾時間 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 什仔時分 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 咋個時會, 咋個時仔, 幾時, 幾時仔 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 幾時, 麼個時候 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 一惹時候 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 幾時 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 幾時 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 耐幾時 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 麼個時候 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 幾時, 哪久, 哪下, 哪央時, 麼個央時, 麼個時節 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 幾時, 哪久, 哪下, 哪下仔, 哪時, 哪時節, 麼個時節 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 幾時, 哪久, 哪下, 哪當時, 哪量時, 麼個時節 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 幾時, 哪久, 哪下, 哪時, 哪央時, 麼個時節 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 幾時, 哪久, 哪下, 哪央時, 哪量時, 麼個央時, 麼個時節 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 幾時, 哪時, 麼個時, 麼個時務 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 幾時 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 幾時 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 麼老時候, 何時, 哪一歇 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 麼唉時候, 哪扎 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 底物時候, 底物時間 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 底物時候 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 什麼時候 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 底物時候 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 什時候, 多會兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 什會兒, 多會兒, 哪會兒, 什麼時候, 什時候 |
| Jin | Linhe | 什時候, 多咱會兒 |
| Jin | Jining | 多會兒 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 什時候 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 什麼時候, 多會兒 |
| Jin | Handan | 啥時候 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 孰時候, 孰麼時候 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 什乇辰候, 乜乇時間 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 什乇時候 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 底時 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 底時 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 底時 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 底時 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 當時, 底時, 底當時 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 底時, 幾時 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 底時, 𫢗時 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 底時, 幾時 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 幾時, 幾當仔, 幾當時仔 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 乜時候, 𫢗時 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 𫢗時, 底𫢗時 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 底𫢗時, 𫢗時 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 底時, 𫢗時 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 底𫢗時 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 底𫢗時 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 𫢗時, 底時 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 乜候 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 底時候, 乜時候, 底時, 底個時候, 乜物時候, 乜個時候, 個乜時候 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 幾時 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 幾時, 哪時 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 啥辰光 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 何辰光, 幾場浪 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 啥辰光 |
| Wu | Danyang | 哪歇候, 哪娘收, 哪早晚, 點高時候 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 啥格辰光 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 啥辰光, 咋辰光, 幾時 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 何時節, 幾恁界 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 幾時, 淡時節, 哪樣時節, 哪樣節, 哪時節, 待時節, 哪孑, 哪孑時節 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 麼子時候 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 麼子時際, 麼子時界, 麼子時界唧 |

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 何 | 時 |
| いつ ||
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 何時 – see the following entry. :
| 【いつ】 | [pronoun] when |
(This term, 何時, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 何 | 時 |
| なん Grade: 2 | じ Grade: 2 |
| yutōyomi ||
Compound of 何 (nan, “what”) +‎ 時 (ji, “hour”). The nan portion is derived from Old Japanese 何 (nani, “what”), while the ji portion is derived from Middle Chinese 時 (MC dzyi).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なんじ [náꜜǹjì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [nã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

#### Pronoun

何(なん)時(じ) • (nanji)
* what time, when
    今(いま)何(なん)時(じ)ですか?
       ima nanji desu ka?
       What time is it right now?
** 2019, “Ikezu (いけず)”, performed by Otoboke Beaver:お前きょう何時に帰るて言うた!?omae kyō nanji ni kaerute yuuta!?What time did you tell me you'd be home!?

##### Usage notes

* Often spelled in kanji. Nanji is more commonly used to mean when in terms of time of day, while itsu is more commonly used to mean when in terms of dates or days.

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 何 | 時 |
| なん Grade: 2 | とき > どき Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 何刻 (rare)
Compound of 何 (nan, “what”) +‎ 時 (toki, “time”). The toki changes to doki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なんどき [nàńdókí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [nã̠ndo̞kʲi]

#### Pronoun

何(なん)時(どき) • (nandoki)
* (dated) what time, when

##### Usage notes

* Use is more limited than nanji or itsu. Most commonly found in set phrase いつなんどき (itsu nandoki), comparable to English phrase “when and at what time”, but only used when expressing ignorance, never used in questions.
* May sound old-fashioned.

### See also

Japanese number-counter combinations for 時(じ) (ji) :
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | What time? |
| 零(れい)時(じ) (reiji) | 一(いち)時(じ) (ichiji) | 二(に)時(じ) (niji) | 三(さん)時(じ) (sanji) | 四(よ)時(じ) (yoji) | 五(ご)時(じ) (goji) | 六(ろく)時(じ) (rokuji) | 七(しち)時(じ) (shichiji) 七(なな)時(じ) (nanaji) | 八(はち)時(じ) (hachiji) | 九(く)時(じ) (kuji) | 十(じゅう)時(じ) (jūji) | 十(じゅう)一(いち)時(じ) (jūichiji) | 十(じゅう)二(に)時(じ) (jūniji) | 何(なん)時(じ) (nanji) |

### References

* 1 2 3 “何時”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN