# dotuit
## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /doˈtutʲ/

### Etymology 1

From to- +‎ Proto-Celtic *tudeti, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to push, hit”); cognate with Sanskrit तुदति (tudáti), Latin tundō, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (stautan). The final consonant originated in the prototonic ·tuit /ˈtutʲ/ from */ˈtoθuðʲθʲ/, syncopated from *to-tudeti, and later spread to the deuterotonic. The /u/ vowel, on the other hand, originated in the deuterotonic and later spread to the prototonic, as the original prototonic form */ˈtoθuðθʲ/ would normally have become *·túait */ˈtuːa̯tʲ/.
The preterite stem is from to- + Proto-Celtic *kerat (“to fall”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“to break”); cognate with Sanskrit शृणाति (śṛṇā́ti, “to crush”) and Ancient Greek κεραΐζω (keraḯzō, “to ravage, plunder”).

#### Verb

do·tuit (prototonic ·tuit, verbal noun tothaimm)
* to fall (move to a lower position under the effect of gravity; come down or descend)

##### Conjugation

| | | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. |
| Present indicative | Deut. | | | do·tuit | | do·tuitet | do·tuiter |
| Present indicative | Prot. | | | ·tuit | | ·tuitet | ·tuiter |
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | | | | | | |
| Imperfect indicative | Prot. | | | | | ·tuititis | |
| Preterite | Deut. | | | do·ceir | | do·certar | |
| Preterite | Prot. | | | | | | |
| Perfect | Deut. | | | do·rochair | | do·rochratar | |
| Perfect | Prot. | ·torchar | ·torchar | ·torchair | | | |
| Future | Deut. | | | do·tóeth | | do·tóethsat | |
| Future | Prot. | ·tóethus | ·tóethais | ·tóeth | | ·tóethsat | |
| Conditional | Deut. | | | | | | |
| Conditional | Prot. | | | ·tóethsad | | ·tóethsaitis | |
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | do·rothudus (ro-form) | | | | do·todsat | |
| Present subjunctive | Prot. | | ·tothais | | ·torthaissem (ro-form) | ·todsat; ·torthaisset (ro-form) | |
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | do·toidsinn | | do·rothsad (ro-form) | | | |
| Past subjunctive | Prot. | | | | | | ·todsaitis; ·ndodsitis (eclipsed after co (“so that”)) |
| Imperative | Imperative | | tuit | | | | |
| Verbal noun | Verbal noun | tothaimm | | | | | |
| Past participle | Past participle | | | | | | |
| Verbal of necessity | Verbal of necessity | | | | | | |

##### Quotations

* c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4$^d$15
    In Belzefuth: is béss didu ind lïacc benir il-béim friss, et intí do·thuit foir ɔ·boing a chnámi, intí fora tuit-som immurgu at·bail-side.The Beelzebub: it is the custom, then, of the stone that many blows are hit against it, and he who falls upon it breaks his bones; however, he whom it falls on perishes
* c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5$^b$11
    Cair in sí a méit fris·comartatar co ndo⟨d⟩sitis huili a fide Christi? Non; do nertad Iude trá inso lessom.Have they offended so greatly that all should fall from the faith of Christ? No; he considers this, then, for the exhortation of the Jews.

##### Derived terms

* con·tuit

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: do·fuit, ·tuit
** Irish: tuit, tit
** Manx: tuitt
** Scottish Gaelic: tuit

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 do·tuit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 656

### Etymology 2

From dí- +‎ Proto-Celtic *tudeti, as above.

#### Verb

do·tuit (prototonic ·díthat, verbal noun díthim)
* to lapse
* to become forfeit

##### Conjugation

| | | 1st sg. | 3rd sg. | 3rd pl. |
| Present indicative | Deut. | | | |
| Present indicative | Prot. | | ·díthat | |
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | | | |
| Imperfect indicative | Prot. | | | |
| Preterite | Deut. | | | |
| Preterite | Prot. | | | |
| Perfect | Deut. | | do·roth | |
| Perfect | Prot. | | ·deroth | ·dertaiset |
| Future | Deut. | | | |
| Future | Prot. | | | |
| Conditional | Deut. | | | |
| Conditional | Prot. | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Prot. | | | |
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | | | |
| Past subjunctive | Prot. | | | |
| Imperative | Imperative | | | |
| Verbal noun | Verbal noun | díthim | | |
| Past participle | Past participle | | | |
| Verbal of necessity | Verbal of necessity | | | |

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 do·tuit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 657

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tudo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 393
* ↑ Stüber, Karin (1998) The Historical Morphology of n-stems in Celtic (Maynooth Studies in Celtic Linguistics; III), Maynooth: The Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland, →ISBN, pages 76–77
* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kerV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 202