# sub-
## English
### Etymology

From Latin sub (“under”). Doublet of hypo-.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: sŭb, IPA: /sʌb/
** Audio (US):(file)

### Prefix

sub-
* under, beneath
    subterranean
    submarine
* subsidiary, secondary
    subplot
* almost, nearly
    subconical
    subequatorial

#### Usage notes

In Latin, the following sound changes affected "sub-" and cause English borrowings from Latin which contain this prefix to have different forms. Words formed in English using the prefix "sub-" do not exhibit these sound changes. (Combination with 's' involved elision and the other changes involved assimilation.)
* sub + c = suc- (hence succession, from Latin successiō; but e.g. subculture formed in English from sub- + culture)
* sub + p = sup- (support, but subpage)
* sub + c, p or t = sus- (susceptible, suspend, sustain, but subtitle)
* sub + g = sug- (suggestion, but subgroup)
* sub + r = sur- (surrogate, but subroutine)
* sub + f = suf- (suffer, but subfield)
* sub + s(p) = su- (suspect, suspire but subset, subspecies)

#### Synonyms

* (under): under-, hypo-, infra-
* (almost): pene-, quasi-

#### Antonyms

* super-

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ http://www.affixes.org/s/sub-.html

### Further reading

* “sub-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “sub-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

### Anagrams

* Bus., SBU, UBS, USB, bus, bus.

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin sub.

### Prefix

sub-
* sub-

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “sub-” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “sub-”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
* “sub-” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “sub-” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sub ]

### Prefix

sub-
* sub-
    Synonym: pod-
    ‎sub- + ‎optimální → ‎suboptimální

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “sub-”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* sub- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Prefix

sub-
* sub-

#### Derived terms
## French
### Etymology

From Latin sub-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /syb/, /syp/

### Prefix

sub-
* sub-

#### Derived terms
## Galician
### Etymology

From Latin sub.

### Prefix

sub-
* sub-

#### Derived terms

From

### Further reading

* “sub-”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024

## German
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin sub (“under”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [zʊp]
* Audio:(file)

### Prefix

sub-
* sub-

#### Derived terms
## Italian
### Alternative forms

* sud- (before a letter "d")
* sum- (before a letter "m")

### Etymology

From Latin sub-.

### Prefix

sub-
* sub-

#### Derived terms
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* suc- (before c)
* suf- (before f)
* sug- (before g)
* sum- (before m)
* sup- (before p)
* sur- (before r)
* su- (before sp)
* sus- (sometimes before c or t)

### Etymology

From sub (“under, beneath, below”).

### Prefix

sub-
* under, sub-
** Attached to verbs, may denote the position or direction of an action
    ‎sub- (“under, below”) + ‎scrībō (“write”) → ‎subscrībō (“to write underneath, to write below”)
** In compounds, may stand for sub in a prepositional phrase
    ‎sub- (“under”) + ‎terra (“earth”) + ‎-āneus (adjective-forming suffix) → ‎subterrāneus (“subterranean, underground”)
    ‎sub- (“under”) + ‎lūna (“moon”) + ‎-āris (adjective-forming suffix) → ‎sublūnāris (“sublunar, sublunary”)
** Attached to adjectives, creates new adjectives of lesser intensity, having a sense like "somewhat", "slightly", "rather", "-ish"
    ‎sub- (“somewhat”) + ‎amārus (“bitter”) → ‎subamārus (“somewhat bitter, bitterish”)

#### Derived terms
## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin sub-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sub/
* Rhymes: -ub
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

### Prefix

sub-
* sub- (under, beneath)
    Synonym: pod-
* sub- (subsidiary, secondary)
    Synonym: pod-
* sub- (almost, nearly)
    Synonym: pod-

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* sub- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin sub-. Doublet of so-.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈsub(i)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈsub(ɨ)/

### Prefix

sub-
* sub- (under, beneath)
    Synonym: so-
* sub- (subsidiary, secondary)

#### Derived terms
## Romanian
### Etymology

See sub, from Latin sub.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sub/

### Prefix

sub-
* sub-

#### Derived terms
## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin sub-.

### Prefix

sub-
* sub-
    Synonym: so-

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “sub-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014