# ⲓⲱⲥ
## Coptic
### Verb

ⲓⲱⲥ • (iōs) (stative (B) ⲓⲏⲥ, (F) ⲉⲓⲉⲥ)
* (Bohairic, Fayyumic) to hasten, be urgent

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲓⲱⲥ iōs | imperative | affirmative | ⲓⲱⲥ iōs |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲱⲥ štemiōs | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲓⲱⲥ m̀periōs |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲓⲱⲥ tiiōs | ⲭⲓⲱⲥ khiōs | ⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ teiōs | ϥⲓⲱⲥ fiōs | ⲥⲓⲱⲥ siōs | ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ teniōs | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ teteniōs | ⲥⲉⲓⲱⲥ seiōs | ⲓⲱⲥ iōs |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲓⲱⲥ eiiōs | ⲉⲭⲓⲱⲥ ekhiōs | ⲉⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ ereiōs | ⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ efiōs | ⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ esiōs | ⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ eniōs | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ ereteniōs | ⲉⲩⲓⲱⲥ euiōs | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ ere- iōs |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲓⲱⲥ etiiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲓⲱⲥ etekhiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ eteiōs | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ etefiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ etesiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ eteniōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ eteteniōs | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ etouiōs | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ ete- iōs |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ naiiōs | ⲛⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ nakhiōs | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ nareiōs | ⲛⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ nafiōs | ⲛⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ nasiōs | ⲛⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ naniōs | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nareteniōs | ⲛⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ nauiōs | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ nare- iōs |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ aiiōs | ⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ akhiōs | ⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ areiōs | ⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ afiōs | ⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ asiōs | ⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ aniōs | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ areteniōs | ⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ auiōs | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ are- iōs |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ tinaiōs | ⲭⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ khnaiōs | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲓⲱⲥ teraiōs | ϥⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ fnaiōs | ⲥⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ snaiōs | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ tennaiōs | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ tetennaiōs | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ senaiōs | ⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ naiōs |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ einaiōs | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ ekhnaiōs | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ erenaiōs | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ efnaiōs | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ esnaiōs | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ ennaiōs | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ eretennaiōs | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ eunaiōs | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ ere- naiōs |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ etinaiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ etekhnaiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ etenaiōs | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ etefnaiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ etesnaiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ etennaiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ etetennaiōs | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ etounaiōs | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ ete- naiōs |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ nainaiōs | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ nakhnaiōs | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ narenaiōs | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ nafnaiōs | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ nasnaiōs | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ nannaiōs | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ naretennaiōs | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ naunaiōs | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ nare- naiōs |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ ainaiōs | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ akhnaiōs | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ arenaiōs | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ afnaiōs | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ asnaiōs | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ annaiōs | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ aretennaiōs | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ aunaiōs | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ are- naiōs |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ aiiōs | ⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ akhiōs | ⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ areiōs | ⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ afiōs | ⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ asiōs | ⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ aniōs | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ ateteniōs | ⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ auiōs | ⲁ- ⲓⲱⲥ a- iōs |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲓⲱⲥ m̀piiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲓⲱⲥ m̀pekhiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲥ m̀peiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ m̀pefiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ m̀pesiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ m̀peniōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ m̀peteniōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ m̀pouiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ m̀pe- iōs |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ eaiiōs | ⲉⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ eakhiōs | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ eareiōs | ⲉⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ eafiōs | ⲉⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ easiōs | ⲉⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ eaniōs | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ eateteniōs | ⲉⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ eauiōs | ⲉⲁ- ⲓⲱⲥ ea- iōs |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲓⲱⲥ em̀piiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲓⲱⲥ em̀pekhiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲥ em̀peiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ em̀pefiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ em̀pesiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ em̀peniōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ em̀peteniōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ em̀pouiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ em̀pe- iōs |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ etaiiōs | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ etakhiōs | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ etareiōs | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ etafiōs | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ etasiōs | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ etaniōs | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etareteniōs | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ etauiōs | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲓⲱⲥ eta- iōs |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲓⲱⲥ etm̀piiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pekhiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲥ etm̀peiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pefiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pesiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etm̀peniōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etm̀peteniōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pouiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pe- iōs |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ neaiiōs | ⲛⲉⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ neakhiōs | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ neareiōs | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ neafiōs | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ neasiōs | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ neaniōs | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ neateteniōs | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ neauiōs | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲓⲱⲥ nea- iōs |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲓⲱⲥ nem̀piiōs | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲓⲱⲥ nem̀pekhiōs | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲓⲱⲥ nem̀peiōs | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ nem̀pefiōs | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ nem̀pesiōs | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nem̀peniōs | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nem̀peteniōs | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ nem̀pouiōs | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ nem̀pe- iōs |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ etaiiōs | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ etakhiōs | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ etareiōs | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ etafiōs | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ etasiōs | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ etaniōs | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etareteniōs | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ etauiōs | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲓⲱⲥ eta- iōs |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲓⲱⲥ m̀patiiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲓⲱⲥ m̀patekhiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ m̀pateiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ m̀patefiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ m̀patesiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ m̀pateniōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ m̀pateteniōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ m̀patouiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ m̀pate- iōs |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲓⲱⲥ em̀patiiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲓⲱⲥ em̀patekhiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ em̀pateiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ em̀patefiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ em̀patesiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ em̀pateniōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ em̀pateteniōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ em̀patouiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ em̀pate- iōs |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲓⲱⲥ etm̀patiiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲓⲱⲥ etm̀patekhiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pateiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ etm̀patefiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ etm̀patesiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pateniōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pateteniōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ etm̀patouiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pate- iōs |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲓⲱⲥ nam̀patiiōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲓⲱⲥ nam̀patekhiōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ nam̀pateiōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ nam̀patefiōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ nam̀patesiōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nam̀pateniōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nam̀pateteniōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ nam̀patouiōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ nam̀pate- iōs |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ šaiiōs | ϣⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ šakhiōs | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ šareiōs | ϣⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ šafiōs | ϣⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ šasiōs | ϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ šaniōs | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ šateteniōs | ϣⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ šauiōs | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ šare- iōs |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ m̀paiiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ m̀pakhiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ m̀pareiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ m̀pafiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ m̀pasiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ m̀paniōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ m̀pareteniōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ m̀pauiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ m̀pare- iōs |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ ešaiiōs | ⲉϣⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ ešakhiōs | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ ešareiōs | ⲉϣⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ ešafiōs | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ ešasiōs | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ ešaniōs | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ ešateteniōs | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ ešauiōs | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ ešare- iōs |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ em̀paiiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ em̀pakhiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ em̀pareiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ em̀pafiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ em̀pasiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ em̀paniōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ em̀pareteniōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ em̀pauiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ em̀pare- iōs |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ etšaiiōs | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ etšakhiōs | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ etšareiōs | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ etšafiōs | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ etšasiōs | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ etšaniōs | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etšateteniōs | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ etšauiōs | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ etšare- iōs |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ etm̀paiiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pakhiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pareiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pafiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pasiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ etm̀paniōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pareteniōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pauiōs | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ etm̀pare- iōs |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ našaiiōs | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ našakhiōs | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ našareiōs | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ našafiōs | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ našasiōs | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ našaniōs | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ našateteniōs | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ našauiōs | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ našare- iōs |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ nam̀paiiōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ nam̀pakhiōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ nam̀pareiōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ nam̀pafiōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ nam̀pasiōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ nam̀paniōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nam̀pareteniōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ nam̀pauiōs | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ nam̀pare- iōs |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ em̀paiiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ em̀pakhiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ em̀pareiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ em̀pafiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ em̀pasiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ em̀paniōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ em̀pareteniōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ em̀pauiōs | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ em̀pare- iōs |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲓⲱⲥ eieiōs | ⲉⲕⲉⲓⲱⲥ ekeiōs | ⲉⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ ereiōs | ⲉϥⲉⲓⲱⲥ efeiōs | ⲉⲥⲉⲓⲱⲥ eseiōs | ⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ eneiōs | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ ereteneiōs | ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲱⲥ eueiōs | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ ere- iōs |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ ǹnaiōs | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲭⲓⲱⲥ ǹnekhiōs | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ ǹneiōs | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ ǹnefiōs | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ ǹnesiōs | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ ǹneniōs | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ ǹneteniōs | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ ǹnouiōs | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ ǹne- iōs |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲓⲱⲥ mariiōs | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ marefiōs | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ maresiōs | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ mareniōs | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ marouiōs | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ mare- iōs |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲓⲱⲥ m̀penthriiōs | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ m̀penthrefiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ m̀penthresiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ m̀penthreniōs | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲓⲱⲥ m̀penthreuiōs | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ m̀penthre- iōs |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲓⲱⲥ ǹtaiōs | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲭⲓⲱⲥ ǹtekhiōs | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ ǹteiōs | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ ǹtefiōs | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ ǹtesiōs | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ ǹteniōs | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ ǹteteniōs | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ ǹseiōs, ǹtouiōs | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ ǹte- iōs |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲓⲱⲥ tariiōs | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲭⲓⲱⲥ tarekhiōs | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ tareiōs | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ tarefiōs | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ taresiōs | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ tareniōs | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ tareteniōs | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ tarouiōs | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ tare- iōs |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲓⲱⲥ šatiiōs | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲭⲓⲱⲥ šatekhiōs | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ šateiōs | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ šatefiōs | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ šatesiōs | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ šateniōs | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ šateteniōs | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ šatouiōs | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ šate- iōs |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ aišaniōs | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ akšaniōs | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ arešaniōs | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ afšaniōs | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ asšaniōs | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ anšaniōs | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ aretenšaniōs | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ aušaniōs | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲓⲱⲥ arešan- iōs |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ aiiōs | ⲁⲭⲓⲱⲥ akhiōs | ⲁⲣⲉⲓⲱⲥ areiōs | ⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ afiōs | ⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ asiōs | ⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ aniōs | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ areteniōs | ⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ auiōs | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ are- iōs |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲓⲱⲥ iōs | imperative | affirmative | ⲓⲱⲥ iōs |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲱⲥ štemiōs | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲓⲱⲥ, ⲡⲉⲗⲓⲱⲥ mpeliōs, peliōs |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲓⲱⲥ tiiōs | ⲕⲓⲱⲥ kiōs | ⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ teiōs | ϥⲓⲱⲥ fiōs | ⲥⲓⲱⲥ siōs | ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ teniōs | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ teteniōs | ⲥⲉⲓⲱⲥ seiōs | ⲓⲱⲥ iōs |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲓⲱⲥ eiiōs | ⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ ekiōs | ⲉⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ eleiōs | ⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ efiōs | ⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ esiōs | ⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ eniōs | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ eleteniōs | ⲉⲩⲓⲱⲥ euiōs | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ ele- iōs |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲓⲱⲥ etiiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ etekiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ eteiōs | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ etefiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ etesiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ eteniōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ eteteniōs | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ etouiōs | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ ete- iōs, etele- iōs |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ naiiōs | ⲛⲁⲕⲓⲱⲥ nakiōs | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ naleiōs | ⲛⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ nafiōs | ⲛⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ nasiōs | ⲛⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ naniōs | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ naleteniōs | ⲛⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ nauiōs | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ nale- iōs |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ aiiōs | ⲁⲕⲓⲱⲥ akiōs | ⲁⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ aleiōs | ⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ afiōs | ⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ asiōs | ⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ aniōs | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ aleteniōs | ⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ auiōs | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ ale- iōs |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ tineiōs | ⲕⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ kneiōs | ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ teneiōs | ϥⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ fneiōs | ⲥⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ sneiōs | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ tenneiōs | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ tetenneiōs | ⲥⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ seneiōs | ⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ neiōs |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ eineiōs | ⲉⲕⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ ekneiōs | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ eleneiōs | ⲉϥⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ efneiōs | ⲉⲥⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ esneiōs | ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ enneiōs | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ eletenneiōs | ⲉⲩⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ euneiōs | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ ele- neiōs |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ etineiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ etekneiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ eteneiōs | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ etefneiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ etesneiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ etenneiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ etetenneiōs | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ etouneiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ etele- neiōs |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ naineiōs | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ nakneiōs | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ naleneiōs | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ nafneiōs | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ nasneiōs | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ nanneiōs | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ naletenneiōs | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ nauneiōs | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ nale- neiōs |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ aineiōs | ⲁⲕⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ akneiōs | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ aleneiōs | ⲁϥⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ afneiōs | ⲁⲥⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ asneiōs | ⲁⲛⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ anneiōs | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ aletenneiōs | ⲁⲩⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ auneiōs | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ ale- neiōs |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ aiiōs | ⲁⲕⲓⲱⲥ akiōs | ⲁⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ aleiōs | ⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ afiōs | ⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ asiōs | ⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ aniōs | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ ateteniōs | ⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ auiōs | ⲁ- ⲓⲱⲥ a- iōs |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓⲓⲱⲥ mpiiōs | ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ mpekiōs | ⲙⲡⲉⲓⲱⲥ mpeiōs | ⲙⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ mpefiōs | ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ mpesiōs | ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ mpeniōs | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ mpeteniōs | ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ mpouiōs | ⲙⲡⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ mpe- iōs |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ eaiiōs | ⲉⲁⲕⲓⲱⲥ eakiōs | ⲉⲁⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ ealeiōs | ⲉⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ eafiōs | ⲉⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ easiōs | ⲉⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ eaniōs | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ eateteniōs | ⲉⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ eauiōs | ⲉⲁ- ⲓⲱⲥ ea- iōs |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲓⲱⲥ empiiōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ empekiōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲓⲱⲥ empeiōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ empefiōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ empesiōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ empeniōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ empeteniōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ empouiōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ empe- iōs |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ ntaiiōs | ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲓⲱⲥ ntakiōs | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ ntaleiōs | ⲛⲧⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ ntafiōs | ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ ntasiōs | ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ ntaniōs | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etaleteniōs | ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ ntauiōs | ⲛⲧⲁ- ⲓⲱⲥ nta- iōs |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓⲓⲱⲥ etempiiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ etempekiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲓⲱⲥ etempeiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ etempefiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ etempesiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etempeniōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etempeteniōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ etempouiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ etempe- iōs |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ nneaiiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕⲓⲱⲥ nneakiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ nnealeiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ nneafiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ nneasiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ nneaniōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nneateteniōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ nneauiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ⲓⲱⲥ nnea- iōs |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲓⲱⲥ nnempiiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ nnempekiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲓⲱⲥ nnempeiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ nnempefiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ nnempesiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nnempeniōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nnempeteniōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ nnempouiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ nnempe- iōs |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ aaiiōs | ⲁⲁⲕⲓⲱⲥ aakiōs | ⲁⲁⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ aaleiōs | ⲁⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ aafiōs | ⲁⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ aasiōs | ⲁⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ aaniōs | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etaleteniōs | ⲁⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ aauiōs | ⲁⲁ- ⲓⲱⲥ aa- iōs |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯⲓⲱⲥ mpatiiōs | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ mpatekiōs | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ mpateiōs | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ mpatefiōs | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ mpatesiōs | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ mpateniōs | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ mpateteniōs | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ mpatouiōs | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ mpate- iōs |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲓⲱⲥ empatiiōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ empatekiōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ empateiōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ empatefiōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ empatesiōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ empateniōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ empateteniōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ empatouiōs | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ empate- iōs |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲓⲱⲥ etempatiiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ etempatekiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ etempateiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ etempatefiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ etempatesiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etempateniōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etempateteniōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ etempatouiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ etempate- iōs |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲓⲱⲥ nnempatiiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ nnempatekiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ nnempateiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ nnempatefiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ nnempatesiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nnempateniōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nnempateteniōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ nnempatouiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ nnempate- iōs |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ šaiiōs | ϣⲁⲕⲓⲱⲥ šakiōs | ϣⲁⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ šaleiōs | ϣⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ šafiōs | ϣⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ šasiōs | ϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ šaniōs | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ šateteniōs | ϣⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ šauiōs | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ šale- iōs |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓⲓⲱⲥ meiiōs | ⲙⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ mekiōs | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ meleiōs | ⲙⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ mefiōs | ⲙⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ mesiōs | ⲙⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ meniōs | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ meleteniōs | ⲙⲉⲩⲓⲱⲥ meuiōs | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ mele- iōs |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ ešaiiōs | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲓⲱⲥ ešakiōs | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ ešaleiōs | ⲉϣⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ ešafiōs | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ ešasiōs | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ ešaniōs | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ ešateteniōs | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ ešauiōs | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ ešale- iōs |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓⲓⲱⲥ emeiiōs | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ emekiōs | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ emeleiōs | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ emefiōs | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ emesiōs | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ emeniōs | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ emeleteniōs | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲓⲱⲥ emeuiōs | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ emele- iōs |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛϣⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ etešaiiōs, nšaiiōs | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛϣⲁⲕⲓⲱⲥ etešakiōs, nšakiōs | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ etešaleiōs, nšaleiōs | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛϣⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ etešafiōs, nšafiōs | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛϣⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ etešasiōs, nšasiōs | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ etešaniōs, nšaniōs | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etešateteniōs, nšateteniōs | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛϣⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ etešauiōs, nšauiōs | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ etešale- iōs, nšale- iōs |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓⲓⲱⲥ etemeiiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ etemekiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ etemeleiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ etemefiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ etemesiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etemeniōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ etemeleteniōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲓⲱⲥ etemeuiōs | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ etemele- iōs |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ nnešaiiōs | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲓⲱⲥ nnešakiōs | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ nnešaleiōs | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ nnešafiōs | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ nnešasiōs | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ nnešaniōs | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nnešateteniōs | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ nnešauiōs | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ nnešale- iōs |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓⲓⲱⲥ nnemeiiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ nnemekiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ nnemeleiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ nnemefiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ nnemesiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nnemeniōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nnemeleteniōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲓⲱⲥ nnemeuiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ nnemele- iōs |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓⲓⲱⲥ nmeiiōs | ⲛⲙⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ nmekiōs | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ nmeleiōs | ⲛⲙⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ nmefiōs | ⲛⲙⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ nmesiōs | ⲛⲙⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nmeniōs | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nmeleteniōs | ⲛⲙⲉⲩⲓⲱⲥ nmeuiōs | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ nmele- iōs |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲓⲱⲥ eieiōs | ⲉⲕⲉⲓⲱⲥ ekeiōs | ⲉⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ eleiōs | ⲉϥⲉⲓⲱⲥ efeiōs | ⲉⲥⲉⲓⲱⲥ eseiōs | ⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ eneiōs | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ eleteneiōs | ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲱⲥ eueiōs | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ ele- iōs |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁⲓⲱⲥ nnaiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ nnekiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲓⲱⲥ nneiōs | ⲛⲛⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ nnefiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ nnesiōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nneniōs | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nneteniōs | ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ nnouiōs | ⲛⲛⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ nne- iōs |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲓⲱⲥ maliiōs | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ malefiōs | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ malesiōs | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ maleniōs | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ malouiōs | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ male- iōs |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓⲓⲱⲥ mpeltriiōs | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ mpeltrefiōs | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ mpeltresiōs | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ mpeltreniōs | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩⲓⲱⲥ mpeltreuiōs | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ mpeltre- iōs |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲱⲥ taiōs, ntaiōs | ⲛⲕⲓⲱⲥ nkiōs | ⲛⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ nteiōs | ⲛϥⲓⲱⲥ nfiōs | ⲛⲥⲓⲱⲥ nsiōs | ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nteniōs | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nteteniōs | ⲛⲥⲉⲓⲱⲥ nseiōs | ⲛⲧⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ nte- iōs |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓⲓⲱⲥ taliiōs, ntaliiōs | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ talekiōs, ntalekiōs | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ taleiōs, ntaleiōs | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ talefiōs, ntalefiōs | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ talesiōs, ntalesiōs | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ taleniōs, ntaleniōs | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ taleteniōs, ntaleteniōs | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ talouiōs, ntalouiōs | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ tale- iōs, ntale- iōs |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓⲓⲱⲥ nteliiōs | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ ntelekiōs | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ nteleiōs | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ ntelefiōs | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ ntelesiōs | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nteleniōs | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ nteleteniōs | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ ntelouiōs | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ ntele- iōs |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲓⲱⲥ šantiiōs | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲓⲱⲥ šantekiōs | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲓⲱⲥ šanteiōs | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥⲓⲱⲥ šantefiōs | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲓⲱⲥ šantesiōs | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ šanteniōs | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ šanteteniōs | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ šantouiōs | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ šante- iōs |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ eišaniōs | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ ekšaniōs | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ elešaniōs | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ efšaniōs | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ esšaniōs | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ enšaniōs | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ eletenšaniōs | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ eušaniōs | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲓⲱⲥ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ⲓⲱⲥ elešan- iōs, elšan- iōs |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲓⲱⲥ aiiōs | ⲁⲕⲓⲱⲥ akiōs | ⲁⲗⲉⲓⲱⲥ aleiōs | ⲁϥⲓⲱⲥ afiōs | ⲁⲥⲓⲱⲥ asiōs | ⲁⲛⲓⲱⲥ aniōs | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲱⲥ aleteniōs | ⲁⲩⲓⲱⲥ auiōs | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲱⲥ ale- iōs |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 86a
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 48