# 通用
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tōngyòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥ ㄩㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^1$ jung$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thûng-yung
* Eastern Min (BUC): tŭng-ê̤ṳng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thong-iōng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tong$^1$ êng$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tōngyòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ ㄩㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tongyòng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^1$-yung$^4$
*** Yale: tūng-yùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tongyonq
*** Palladius: тунъюн (tunʺjun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^1$ jung$^6$
*** Yale: tūng yuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^1$ jung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^1$ yung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thûng-yung
*** Hakka Romanization System: tung$^ˊ$ iung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tung$^1$ yung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯uŋ⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thûng-yung
*** Hakka Romanization System: tung$^ˊ$ (r)iung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tung$^1$ yung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯uŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tŭng-ê̤ṳng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋøyŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-iōng
*** Tâi-lô: thong-iōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tong'iong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ³³ iɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tong$^1$ êng$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thong ēng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰoŋ³³⁻²³ eŋ¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: thuwng yowngH
Rime :
| Character | 通 | 用 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 他紅切 | 余頌切 |
| Baxter | thuwng | yowngH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰuŋ/ | /jɨoŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰuŋ/ | /jioŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰuŋ/ | /ioŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰəwŋ/ | /juawŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰuŋ/ | /ioŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰuŋ/ | /jĭwoŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tʰuŋ/ | /i̯woŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tōng | yòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^1$ | jung$^6$ |

### Verb

通用
* to be in common use

### Adjective

通用
* (attributive) interchangeable
* (attributive, computing) interoperable

#### Derived terms

* 通用商標／通用商标 (tōngyòng shāngbiāo)
* 通用字
* 通用字表
* 通用拼音 (tōngyòng pīnyīn)
* 通用語／通用语 (tōngyòngyǔ)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 通 | 用 |
| つう Grade: 2 | よう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つうよー [tsùúyóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨːjo̞ː]

### Noun

通(つう)用(よう) • (tsūyō)
* common use

### Verb

通(つう)用(よう)する • (tsūyō suru) intransitive suru (stem 通(つう)用(よう)し (tsūyō shi), past 通(つう)用(よう)した (tsūyō shita))
* be in common use, be current

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 通用し | つうようし | tsūyō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 通用し | つうようし | tsūyō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 通用する | つうようする | tsūyō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 通用する | つうようする | tsūyō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 通用すれ | つうようすれ | tsūyō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 通用せよ¹ 通用しろ² | つうようせよ¹ つうようしろ² | tsūyō seyo¹ tsūyō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 通用される | つうようされる | tsūyō sareru |
| Causative | 通用させる 通用さす | つうようさせる つうようさす | tsūyō saseru tsūyō sasu |
| Potential | 通用できる | つうようできる | tsūyō dekiru |
| Volitional | 通用しよう | つうようしよう | tsūyō shiyō |
| Negative | 通用しない | つうようしない | tsūyō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 通用せず | つうようせず | tsūyō sezu |
| Formal | 通用します | つうようします | tsūyō shimasu |
| Perfective | 通用した | つうようした | tsūyō shita |
| Conjunctive | 通用して | つうようして | tsūyō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 通用すれば | つうようすれば | tsūyō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 通 | 用 |

### Noun

通用 • (tong'yong) (hangeul 통용)
* hanja form of 통용

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 通 | 用 |

### Adjective

通用
* chữ Hán form of thông dụng (“common, commonly used”).