# इष्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ইষ্ (Assamese script)
* ᬇᬱ᭄ (Balinese script)
* ইষ্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰂𑰬𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀇𑀱𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ဣၑ် (Burmese script)
* ઇષ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਇਸ਼੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌇𑌷𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦆꦰ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂅𑂭𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಇಷ್ (Kannada script)
* ឥឞ៑ (Khmer script)
* ອິຩ຺ (Lao script)
* ഇഷ് (Malayalam script)
* ᡳᢢ (Manchu script)
* 𑘂𑘬𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠢᢔ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦢𑧌𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐂𑐲𑑂 (Newa script)
* ଇଷ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢄꢰ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆅𑆰𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖂𑖬𑖿 (Siddham script)
* ඉෂ් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩑𑪀 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚂𑚶 (Takri script)
* இஷ் (Tamil script)
* ఇష్ (Telugu script)
* อิษฺ (Thai script)
* ཨི་ཥ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒃𑒭𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨁𑨯𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /iʂ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /iʂ/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hiś, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eys-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *jьskati (“to seek”), Latin aestimō (“to value, estimate”) and English ask.

#### Root

इष् • (iṣ)
* to desire, wish, long for, request, particularly:
** to intend or be about to do
** to strive to obtain
** to ask for
** to assent, be favourable, concede
** to choose
* to acknowledge, maintain, regard, think
* (passive voice) to be wanted, particularly:
** to be liked
** to be asked for or requested
** to be prescribed or ordered
** to be approved or acknowledged
** to be accepted or regarded as
** to be worth
** to be wanted as a desideratum

##### Derived terms
###### Primary Verbal Forms

* इच्छति (iccháti, Present)
* इषूयति (iṣūyati, Present)
* एषिष्यति (eṣiṣyati, Future)
* एषिता (eṣitā, Periphrastic Future)
* एष्टा (eṣṭā, Periphrastic Future)
* ऐषीत् (áiṣīt, Aorist)
* इयेष (iyeṣa, Perfect)

###### Secondary Forms

* इष्यते (iṣyate, Passive)
* एषयति (eṣayati, Causative)
* ऐषिषत् (áiṣiṣat, Causative Aorist)
* एषिषिषति (eṣiṣiṣati, Desiderative)

###### Non-Finite Forms

* इष्ट (iṣṭá, Past Participle)
* एष्टुम् (éṣṭum, Infinitive)
* एष्टवै (eṣṭavái, Infinitive)
* एषितुम् (eṣitum, Infinitive)
* इष्ट्वा (iṣṭvā, Gerund)
* इषित्वा (iṣitvā, Gerund)
* एष्य (eṣya, Gerundive)
* एषणीय (eṣaṇī́ya, Gerundive)
* एष्टव्य (eṣṭavyá, Gerundive)
* एषितव्य (eṣitavya, Gerundive)
* एषित (eṣita, Causative Past Participle)

###### Derived Nominal Forms

* इच्छक (icchaka)
* इच्छा (icchā)
* इच्छु (icchu)
* इष् (iṣ)
* इष (iṣa)
* इषि (iṣi)
* इषिर (iṣira)
* इष्टि (iṣṭi)
* इष्मिन् (iṣmin)
* एष (eṣa)
* एषक (eṣaka)
* एषिन् (eṣin)
* एषण (eṣaṇa)
* एषणा (eṣaṇā)
* एष्टृ (eṣṭṛ)
* इषुध्य (iṣudhya)
* इषुध्यु (iṣudhyu)
* इषुध्या (iṣudhyā)

#### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “इष्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 169/1.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 9
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “इष्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hiṣ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to power, drive”).

#### Root

इष् • (iṣ)
* to cause to move quickly, let fly, throw, cast, swing
* to send out or off, stream out, pour out, discharge
* to deliver (a speech), announce, proclaim
* to impel, incite, animate, promote
* to endeavour to make favourable

##### Derived terms
###### Primary Verbal Forms

* इष्णाति (iṣṇā́ti, Present)

#### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “इष्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 168/3.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 9
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “इष्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016

### References

* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “ẸS$^1$”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 270-71
* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “ẸS$^2$”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 271-72
* ↑ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 234