# 醱

| 醱 | U+91B1, &#37297; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91B1 |
| ← 醰 [U+91B0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 醲 → [U+91B2] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 醱 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 醗 |
| Simplified | 酦 |

### Han character

醱 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一田弓人水 (MWNOE), four-corner 1264$_7$, composition ⿰酉發)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1288, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40041
* Dae Jaweon: page 1788, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3599, character 9
* Unihan data for U+91B1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 廢 | *pads |
| 癈 | *pads |
| 橃 | *pads, *bad |
| 撥 | *paːd |
| 鱍 | *paːd, *pʰaːd |
| 襏 | *paːd |
| 驋 | *paːd |
| 鏺 | *pʰaːd |
| 潑 | *pʰaːd |
| 醱 | *pʰaːd |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pō, pò (po$^1$, po$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄛ, ㄆㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): put$^3$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): puah$^6$ / puoh$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pō
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: po
*** Wade–Giles: pʻo$^1$
*** Yale: pwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: po
*** Palladius: по (po)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pò
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pò
*** Wade–Giles: pʻo$^4$
*** Yale: pwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: poh
*** Palladius: по (po)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: put$^3$
*** Yale: put
*** Cantonese Pinyin: put$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pud$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuːt̚³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: puah$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuaʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: puoh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuoʔ²/
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 醱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2838 |
| Phonetic component | 發 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鏺 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰaːd/ |
| Notes | 肺原作胏 |

#### Definitions

醱
* to brew or ferment for the second time

#### Compounds

* 醱醅／酦醅

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fā, pò (fa$^1$, po$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚ, ㄆㄛˋ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): huah$^6$ / huoh$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fā
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fa
*** Wade–Giles: fa$^1$
*** Yale: fā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fa
*** Palladius: фа (fa)
*** Sinological IPA : /fä⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pò
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pò
*** Wade–Giles: pʻo$^4$
*** Yale: pwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: poh
*** Palladius: по (po)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: huah$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /huaʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: huoh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /huoʔ²/

#### Definitions

醱
* Only used in 醱酵／酦酵, alternative form of 發酵／发酵 (fājiào, “to ferment”)

#### Compounds

* 醱酵／酦酵 (fājiào)
* 醱酵乳／酦酵乳

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “酦”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 醗 |
| Kyūjitai | 醱 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 醗)
* to ferment

#### Readings

* Go-on: はち (hachi)
* Kan-on: はつ (hatsu)
* Kun: かもす (kamosu, 醱す)

#### Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 醱 is mostly replaced by 発, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

#### Compounds

* 醱(はっ)酵(こう) (hakkō, “fermentation”)
* 醱(はつ)醅(はい) (hatsuhai, “vigorous bubbling of fermenting sake”) (also 潑醅)

#### References

“K'sBookshelf 辞典・用語 漢字林 酉部”, in ksbookshelf.com, accessed 2024-03-12

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 醱. Recorded as Middle Korean 발〮 (pál) (Yale: pal) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 醱 (eumhun 빚을 발 (bijeul bal))
* hanja form of 발 (“ferment”)

#### Compounds

* 발효 (醱酵, balhyo)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.