# 鼓吹
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǔchuī
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄔㄨㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gu$^2$ ceoi$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kú-chhôi
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘-chhui
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔchuī
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄔㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔchuei
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^3$-chʻui$^1$
*** Yale: gǔ-chwēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guuchuei
*** Palladius: гучуй (gučuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^2$ ceoi$^1$
*** Yale: gú chēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^2$ tsoey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^2$ cêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kú-chhôi
*** Hakka Romanization System: gu$^ˋ$ coi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gu$^3$ coi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku³¹ t͡sʰoi̯²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-chhui
*** Tâi-lô: kóo-tshui
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kofzhuy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰui³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

#### Verb

鼓吹
* to promote enthusiastically; to preach
* to brag

##### Synonyms

* (to promote):
* 安利 (ānlì) (mainland China, slang, neologism)
* 宣傳／宣传 (xuānchuán)
* 宣揚／宣扬 (xuānyáng)
* 揄揚／揄扬 (yúyáng) (literary)
* 種草／种草 (zhòngcǎo) (mainland China, slang, neologism)
* (to brag):
* 口大 (kǒudà) (obsolete)
* 吹 (chuī) (colloquial)
* 吹噓／吹嘘 (chuīxū)
* 吹水 (chuīshuǐ) (chiefly Cantonese)
* 吹牛 (chuīniú) (colloquial)
* 吹牛三 ($^1$tshy $^6$gnieu-se) (Wu)
* 吹牛屄 (chuīniúbī)
* 吹牛皮 (chuī niúpí) (colloquial)
* 呾卵話／呾卵话 (dan$^3$ lang$^6$ uê$^7$) (Teochew)
* 喝仙 (hoah-sian) (Hokkien)
* 嗙虎膦 (phâng-fú-lín) (Southern Sixian Hakka)
* 嗙雞胲／嗙鸡胲 (phâng-kiê-kôi) (Hakka)
* 好臉／好脸 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 拉空 (la$^1$ kang$^1$) (Teochew)
* 拉誧／拉𰵩 (la$^1$ pu$^2$) (Teochew)
* 放空 (pàng-khang) (Hokkien)
* 放臭屁 (pàng-chhàu-phùi) (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 放風球／放风球 (pàng-hoang-kiû) (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 放風龜／放风龟 (pàng-hong-ku) (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 歕雞胲／𬅫鸡胲 (phùn-kiê-kôi) (Zhao'an Hakka)
* 歕雞胿／𬅫鸡胿 (pûn-ke-kui) (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 白話／白话 (báihua) (regional)
* 相空 (siàng-khang) (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 矜人 (jīnrén) (literary)
* 紅膏／红膏 (Puxian Min)
* 練扇空／练扇空 (liān-siàn-khang) (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 膨風／膨风 (phòng-hong) (Hokkien)
* 自矜 (zìjīn)
* 自誇／自夸 (zìkuā)
* 自詡／自诩 (zìxǔ)
* 表功 (biǎogōng) (to brag about one's contributions)
* 誇／夸 (kuā)
* 誇口／夸口 (kuākǒu)
* 誇喙／夸喙 (kuă-*chói) (Eastern Min)
* 誇耀／夸耀 (kuāyào)
* 說大話／说大话 (shuō dàhuà)
* 講嘐潲話／讲嘐潲话 (kóng hau-siâu-uē) (Hokkien)
* 講空／讲空 (kàng-khang) (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 車大炮／车大炮 (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew)
* 風龜／风龟 (hong-ku) (Hokkien)

##### See also

* 主張／主张 (zhǔzhāng)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǔchuī, gǔchuì
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄔㄨㄟ, ㄍㄨˇ ㄔㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gu$^2$ ceoi$^3$ / gu$^2$ ceoi$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘-chhe / kó͘-chher / kó͘-chhoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔchuī
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄔㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔchuei
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^3$-chʻui$^1$
*** Yale: gǔ-chwēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guuchuei
*** Palladius: гучуй (gučuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔchuì
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄔㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔchuèi
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^3$-chʻui$^4$
*** Yale: gǔ-chwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guuchuey
*** Palladius: гучуй (gučuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^2$ ceoi$^3$ / gu$^2$ ceoi$^1$
*** Yale: gú cheui / gú chēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^2$ tsoey$^3$ / gu$^2$ tsoey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^2$ cêu$^3$ / gu$^2$ cêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯³³/, /kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-chhe
*** Tâi-lô: kóo-tshe
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kofzhef
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-chher
*** Tâi-lô: kóo-tsher
*** IPA (Lukang): /kɔ⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡sʰə³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰə³³/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /kɔ⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰə⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-chhoe
*** Tâi-lô: kóo-tshue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kofzhoef
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Yilan, Tainan): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

#### Noun

鼓吹
* a loud wind and percussion ensemble in traditional Chinese music, usually featuring suona, drums, gongs and cymbals
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) suona (a type of woodwind instrument)
* (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) trumpet; horn (wind instrument)
* (literary) music

##### Synonyms

* (suona):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 嗩吶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 嗩吶, 鼻兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 嗩吶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 嗩吶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 樂人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 嗩吶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 嗩吶子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 撒拉子, 哩哩吶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 嗩吶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 咪嗎, 嗩吶 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 啲咑, 哬哚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 啲咑, 嗩吶 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 啲咑 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 啲咑 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 吹打, 嗩吶 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 喇叭 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 喇叭 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 哈噠 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 吹打 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 笛仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 笛仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 吹笛 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 笛仔 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 笛仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 笛仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 笛, 啲咑 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 笛仔, 笛 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 嗒嘀 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 大親 |
| Jin | Taiyuan (Jinyuan) | 咪咪 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 三號 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 啲嗒仔 soprano, 喇叭 alto or bass |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 𫪦咑 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 噯仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 噯仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 嗒知嘟 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 鼓吹 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 啲咑 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 啲咑 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 啲咑 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 啲咑 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 鼓手 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 笛 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 哬哚 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 嗩吶 |

##### Derived terms

* 鼓吹樂／鼓吹乐

### Pronunciation 3

* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gou$^3$ cue$^1$
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gou$^3$ cue$^1$ [Phonetic: gou$^5$ cue$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔu⁴⁵³⁻²¹ t͡sʰuei⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gou$^3$ cue$^1$ [Phonetic: gou$^5$ cue$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔu³³²⁻²¹ t͡sʰuei⁵³³/

#### Verb

鼓吹
* (Puxian Min) to speak ill of someone behind their back

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “鼓吹”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 236.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 鼓 | 吹 |
| こ Grade: S | すい Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こすい [kòsúí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞sɨi]

### Noun

鼓(こ)吹(すい) • (kosui)
* encouragement

### Verb

鼓(こ)吹(すい)する • (kosui suru) suru (stem 鼓(こ)吹(すい)し (kosui shi), past 鼓(こ)吹(すい)した (kosui shita))
* to encourage

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 鼓吹し | こすいし | kosui shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 鼓吹し | こすいし | kosui shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 鼓吹する | こすいする | kosui suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 鼓吹する | こすいする | kosui suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 鼓吹すれ | こすいすれ | kosui sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 鼓吹せよ¹ 鼓吹しろ² | こすいせよ¹ こすいしろ² | kosui seyo¹ kosui shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 鼓吹される | こすいされる | kosui sareru |
| Causative | 鼓吹させる 鼓吹さす | こすいさせる こすいさす | kosui saseru kosui sasu |
| Potential | 鼓吹できる | こすいできる | kosui dekiru |
| Volitional | 鼓吹しよう | こすいしよう | kosui shiyō |
| Negative | 鼓吹しない | こすいしない | kosui shinai |
| Negative continuative | 鼓吹せず | こすいせず | kosui sezu |
| Formal | 鼓吹します | こすいします | kosui shimasu |
| Perfective | 鼓吹した | こすいした | kosui shita |
| Conjunctive | 鼓吹して | こすいして | kosui shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 鼓吹すれば | こすいすれば | kosui sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 鼓 | 吹 |

### Verb

鼓吹
* chữ Hán form of cổ xúy (“encourage”).