# 挖

| 挖 | U+6316, &#25366; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6316 |
| ← 挕 [U+6315] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 挗 → [U+6317] |

## Translingual
### Han character

挖 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手十金弓 (QJCN), four-corner 5301$_7$, composition ⿰扌穵)

#### Derived characters

* 𫪶

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 431, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12070
* Dae Jaweon: page 780, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1875, character 11
* Unihan data for U+6316

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 劜 | *qreːd |
| 札 | *sqriːd |
| 扎 | *sqriːd |
| 蚻 | *ʔsriːd |
| 紮 | *ʔsriːd |
| 軋 | *qriːd |
| 圠 | *qriːd |
| 穵 | *qriːd, *qʷriːd |
| 挖 | *qʷriːd |
| 鳦 | *qriːd, *qrid |
| 耴 | *ŋrid, *teb |
| 乙 | *qriɡ |
| 肊 | *qrɯɡ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wā (wa$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄨㄚ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wa$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ва (va, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): waat$^3$ / waa$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yet / yat
* Eastern Min (BUC): uă
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): uih / oeh / oat / oa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): uai$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$uaq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wā
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wa
*** Wade–Giles: wa$^1$
*** Yale: wā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ua
*** Palladius: ва (va)
*** Sinological IPA : /wä⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: wa$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ua
*** Sinological IPA : /ua⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ва (va, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /va²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waat$^3$ / waa$^1$
*** Yale: waat / wā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waat$^8$ / waa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wad$^3$ / wa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /waːt̚³/, /waː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yet
*** Hakka Romanization System: ied$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯et̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yat
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iad$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯at̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: uă
*** Sinological IPA : /ua⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: uih
*** Tâi-lô: uih
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uiq
*** IPA (Xiamen): /uiʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uiʔ⁵/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oeh
*** Tâi-lô: ueh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oeq
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ueʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oat
*** Tâi-lô: uat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oad
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /uat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uat̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oa
*** Tâi-lô: ua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oaf
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ua³³/
* uih/oeh - vernacular (“to dig; to uncover”);
* oat - literary;
* oa - common literary variant.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit挖 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ua⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ua⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /vɑ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /va²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /va²¹³/ ～洞 /va⁵⁵/ ～飯 |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ua²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ua²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ua⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /va⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /va¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /va⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ua⁵⁵/ ～苦 /ua²¹³/ ～土 |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ua⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ua⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ua̠⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /uɑʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /uɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /vaʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /uɑ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /va³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /uaʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /uaʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔuɑʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /o²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /uaʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /uːə⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ua²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /uɒ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /uaʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /va⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /vet̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wat̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /wɛt̚³³/ /wat̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /wat̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /uat̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /uɑʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ua⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /uai³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /uak̚⁵/ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʷriːd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 挖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14918 |
| Phonetic component | 乙 |
| Rime group | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 婠 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷriːd/ |
| Notes | 穵晚起分化字 |

#### Definitions

挖
* to dig; to dig out; to gouge out; to scoop
    挖井 ― wā jǐng ― to dig a well
    挖耳屎 [Cantonese] ― waat$^3$ ji$^5$ si$^2$ [Jyutping] ― to remove ear wax
* (figurative) to explore; to discover; to go deep into
* (Hokkien) to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal

##### Synonyms

* (to dig): 掏 (tāo)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 挖 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 挖 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 挖 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 挖 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 挖 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 掘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 挖 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 挖 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 挖 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 挖 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 掘 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 掘 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 挖 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 挖 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 挖 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 掘 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 搤, 摀, 挖 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 搤, 挖 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 搤 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 摀, 挖 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 搤, 摀 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 搤, 摀 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 搤 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 掘 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 掘 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 挖 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 掘 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 挖 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 掘 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 掘 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 掘 |

#### Compounds

* 挖土機／挖土机 (wātǔjī)
* 挖掘 (wājué)
* 挖掉
* 挖掘機／挖掘机 (wājuéjī)
* 挖槽機／挖槽机
* 挖泥船
* 挖潛／挖潜
* 挖牆腳／挖墙脚 (wā qiángjiǎo)
* 挖穴
* 挖空心思 (wākōngxīnsī)
* 挖耳 (wā'ěr)
* 挖肉補瘡／挖肉补疮
* 挖苦 (wākǔ)
* 挖補／挖补 (wābǔ)
* 挖角 (wājué)
* 挖角兒／挖角儿
* 挖通

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ó͘ / óe
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ó͘
*** Tâi-lô: óo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: or
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung): /ɔ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: óe
*** Tâi-lô: ué
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oea
*** IPA (Taipei): /ue⁵³/

#### Definitions

挖
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 摀／𰓆 (“to dig”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iah
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iah
*** Tâi-lô: iah
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iaq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /iaʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iaʔ⁵/

#### Definitions

挖
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 搤 (iah, “to dig”)

### References

* “挖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): あつ (atsu)、あち (achi)
* Kun: あばく (abaku, 挖く)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

挖: Hán Nôm readings: oạt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.