OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# dunovietr
## Old Czech
### Etymology

From dunúti +‎ vietr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈdunoʋi̯ɛːtr/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈdunoviːtr̩/

### Noun

dunovietr m inan
* southeast wind

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “dunovietr”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
# Roch
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English Rechedham, from Old English Rachetham, of Brythonic origin, from the intensive Proto-Brythonic prefix *ar- + *koɨd (“wood”), meaning "river opposite of the wood." More at Roch.

### Proper noun

Roch
* A river in Greater Manchester, England, which joins the River Irwell.
* A village in Nolton and Roch community, Pembrokeshire, Wales (OS grid ref SM8721).

#### Derived terms

* Rochdale (English town)
* Nolton and Roch (Welsh community)

### See also

* Roach (alternative spelling for the river)
* Riemann-Roch theorem (etymologically unrelated)

### References

* Mills, A.D.: A Dictionary of English Place Names, 2nd Edition, page 289, s.n. Rochdale. Oxford University Press, 1998

### Anagrams

* OCHR, chor

## French
### Etymology

Of Germanic origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁɔk/
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Roch m
* a male given name, equivalent to English Rocco

## Polish
### Etymology

Derived from:
* Saint Roch
* truncation of Polish personal names beginning with Ro- (e.g. Rościsław and Rodsław) + -ch
* Old Polish roch ("rook", chess piece), from Old French roc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɔx/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔx
* Syllabification: Roch

### Proper noun

Roch m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Roch f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

### Further reading

* “Roch”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022
# maghanap ng sakit ng katawan
## Tagalog
### Etymology

Literally, “to find body pain”.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /maɡhaˌnap naŋ saˌkit naŋ kataˈwan/ [mɐɡ.hɐˌn̪ap n̪ɐn̪ sɐˌxit̪ n̪ɐŋ kɐ.t̪ɐˈwan̪]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: mag‧ha‧nap ng sa‧kit ng ka‧ta‧wan

### Verb

maghanáp ng sakít ng katawán (complete naghanap ng sakit ng katawan, progressive naghahanap ng sakit ng katawan, contemplative maghahanap ng sakit ng katawan, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄ᜔ᜑᜈᜉ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜐᜃᜒᜆ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜃᜆᜏᜈ᜔)
* (idiomatic) to pick a fight; to challenge someone into a brawl
# נאַטאָ
## Yiddish
### Proper noun

נאַטאָ • (nato) ?
* NATO
# schupfen
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German schupfen, from Proto-Germanic *skuppōną, intensive form of *skeubaną, whence German schieben and English shove. Doublet of now colloquial German schuppen. Also cognate with schubsen and Dutch schoppen. See also Bavarian schupfn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃʊpfn̩/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: schup‧fen

### Verb

schupfen (weak, third-person singular present schupft, past tense schupfte, past participle geschupft, auxiliary haben)
* (Austria, Bavaria, Switzerland) to shove (push roughly)
    Synonyms: schubsen, stoßen
* (Austria, Bavaria, Switzerland) to toss something; to throw lightly
    Synonym: werfen
    Schupf den Ball her! ― Throw me the ball!
* (Austria, Bavaria, informal) to manage, to run, to organize
    Synonym: schmeißen
    Seit fast zwanzig Jahren schupfen sie den Laden. ― They've been running the business for almost twenty years.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* Schupfnudel

### Further reading

* “schupfen” in Duden online
* “schupfen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# zöld ágra vergődik
## Hungarian
### Alternative forms

* zöld ágra jut

### Etymology

Literally, “to flounder onto [a] green branch”. It may be a calque of German auf (k)einen/den grünen Zweig kommen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzøld ˈaːɡrɒ ˈvɛrɡøːdik]

### Verb

zöld ágra vergődik
* (intransitive, idiomatic) to deal with a difficulty, to get on, to get one's act together
    Synonym: boldogul
** 1980, James Baldwin, translated by Katalin Dezsényi, “Ha a néger utca beszélni tudna”, in Ha a néger utca beszélni tudna (Modern Könyvtár; 404), Budapest: Európa Könyvkiadó, →ISBN, page 17; translation of If Beale Street Could Talk, New York, N. Y.: Corgi Books, 1975:Azt persze hallottam, hogy az emberek, mármint a színes bőrűek nem voltak akkoriban olyan szegények, mint mikor az én szüleim próbáltak zöld ágra vergődni.[original: Of course, as I’ve been told, people, coloured people, weren’t as poor then as they had been when my Mama and Daddy were trying to get it together.]

#### Conjugation

* For the verb, see vergődik.
* The rest of the idiom remains unchanged.

### References

* ↑ zöld ágra vergődik (Szövegkovács.blog.hu, March 24, 2017)
# Kruja
## Albanian
### Proper noun

Kruja m
* a surname transferred from the place name
# ϫⲛⲟϥ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϫⲉⲛⲟϥ (čenof), ϫⲉⲛⲟⲃ (čenob) — Sahidic
* ϭⲛⲟϥ (cnof), ϣⲛⲟϥ (šnof), ϣⲛⲟⲩϥ (šnouf) — Bohairic

### Etymology

From Demotic ḏnf (“basket”), from Semitic.

### Noun

ϫⲛⲟϥ • (čnof) m
* (Sahidic) basket, crate

#### Descendants

* → Egyptian Arabic: شنف

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 777
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 317
* TLA lemma no. C7270 (ϫⲛⲟϥ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),
# âm giai
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 音階, composed of 音 (“sound”) and 階 (“step; stair”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔəm˧˧ zaːj˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔəm˧˧ jaːj˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔəm˧˧ jaːj˧˧]

### Noun

âm giai
* (music) musical scale
    Synonym: gam

### See also

* nhiệt giai
# вадичеп
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From вадити +‎ чеп.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋǎdit͡ʃep/
* Hyphenation: ва‧ди‧чеп

### Noun

ва̀дичеп m (Latin spelling vàdičep)
* corkscrew

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “вадичеп” in Hrvatski jezični portal
# लीपना
## Hindi
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀮𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (lippaï) from Sanskrit लिप्यते (lipyate).

### Verb

लीपना • (līpnā)
* to coat, smear, plaster (cowdung, mud, whitewash)
# Maslowski
## English
### Etymology

From Polish Masłowski.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA or enPR then please add some!

### Proper noun

Maslowski (plural Maslowskis)
* A surname.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Maslowski is the 19441st most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1390 individuals. Maslowski is most common among White (95.83%) individuals.
# ahidahntuwieroangoaroang
## Pohnpeian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

ahidahntuwieroangoaroang
* Wood that catches fire easily, but also burns out quickly.

### Adjective

ahidahntuwieroangoaroang
* (idiomatic, of a person) Easily angered, but also quick to calm down.

### References

* Pohnpeian-English - A. Hawaii.edu.
# การต่อรอง
## Thai
### Etymology

การ (gaan) +‎ ต่อรอง (dtɔ̀ɔ-rɔɔng)

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | การต่อรอง k ā r t ˋ ɒ r ɒ ŋ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | กาน-ต่อ-รอง k ā n – t ˋ ɒ – r ɒ ŋ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | gaan-dtɔ̀ɔ-rɔɔng |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | kan-to-rong |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kaːn˧.tɔː˨˩.rɔːŋ˧/ |

### Noun

การต่อรอง • (gaan-dtɔ̀ɔ-rɔɔng)
* abstract noun of ต่อรอง (dtɔ̀ɔ-rɔɔng)
# megja
## Old Norse
### Verb

megja
* (rare) Alternative form of mega
# neurobehavioral
## English
### Alternative forms

* neurobehavioural

### Etymology

From neuro- +‎ behavioral.

### Adjective

neurobehavioral (not comparable)
* Of or pertaining to the assessment of a person's neurological state by observation of their behavior.

#### Related terms

* neurobehaviorally
# apé
## Dakota
### Noun

apé
* leaf (of a tree or plant)

#### Derived terms

* chąʾápe

## Lakota
### Noun

apé
* leaf (of a tree or plant)

#### Synonyms

* waȟpé
* wápe

## Louisiana Creole
### Alternative forms

* ap, apré
* ê (Pointe-Coupée)

### Etymology

Inherited from French (être) après (“(to be) in the process of”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈpe/
* Rhymes: -pe, -e

### Particle

apé
* progressive marker
    Lòragan-la apé pasé. ― The hurricane is passing.
    Lanèj t'apé tombé. ― Snow was falling.
** 1998, Albert Valdman, Thomas A. Klingler, Margaret M. Marshall, Kevin J. Rottet, Dictionary of Louisiana Creole, page 49:Pendant yé t'apé batt' ein gros zozo qui t'apé voler en haut, oua yé. [Pendan yé t'apé bat, in gro zozo ki t'apé volé enho wá yé.]While they were fighting, a big bird that was flying up above saw them.
* inchoative marker
** 1998, Valdman, et al., Dictionary of Louisiana Creole, page 49:M ape fatige ek tez-istwar. [M'apé fatigé ék tê zistwar.]I'm starting to get tired of your stories.
* future marker
** 1998, Valdman, et al., Dictionary of Louisiana Creole, page 49:N ape vini mwa ki vyen. [N'apé vini mwa ki vyin.]We're coming next month.
* habitual marker
** 1998, Valdman, et al., Dictionary of Louisiana Creole, page 49:M a pyèste men m pe e koud. [M'a pyèsté min m pé é koud.]I will patch but I won't sew.

#### Usage notes

* Followed by the long form of two-stem verbs.

#### Derived terms

* pé
* pé é

## Old Tupi
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɛ

### Noun

apé
* Combining form of pé
# Würselenerin
## German
### Etymology

From Würselener +‎ -in.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvʏʁzələnəʁɪn]
* Hyphenation: Wür‧se‧le‧ne‧rin

### Noun

Würselenerin f (genitive Würselenerin, plural Würselenerinnen)
* female equivalent of Würselener: female person from Würselen
# กลุ้ม
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | กลุ้ม k l u ˆ m |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | กฺลุ้ม k ̥ l u ˆ m |
| Romanization | Paiboon | glûm |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | klum |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /klum˥˩/ |

### Verb

กลุ้ม • (glûm) (abstract noun การกลุ้ม)
* to worry; to distress.
# กลุ่มอาการ
## Thai
### Etymology

From กลุ่ม (glùm, “group”) +‎ อาการ (aa-gaan, “symptom”).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | กลุ่มอาการ k l u ˋ m ɒ ā k ā r |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | กฺลุ่ม-อา-กาน k ̥ l u ˋ m – ɒ ā – k ā n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | glùm-aa-gaan |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | klum-a-kan |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /klum˨˩.ʔaː˧.kaːn˧/ |

### Noun

กลุ่มอาการ • (glùm-aa-gaan)
* syndrome.
# กลเม็ด
## Thai
### Etymology

The bound form of กล (gon) + เม็ด (mét).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | กลเม็ด k l e m ˘ ɗ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | กน-ละ-เม็ด k n – l a – e m ˘ ɗ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | gon-lá-mét |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | kon-la-met |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kon˧.la˦˥.met̚˦˥/ |

### Noun

กลเม็ด • (gon-lá-mét)
* skill; technique
# กล่องดินสอ
## Thai
### Etymology

From กล่อง (glɔ̀ng, “box”) +‎ ดินสอ (din-sɔ̌ɔ, “pencil”); literally "pencil box".

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | กล่องดินสอ k l ˋ ɒ ŋ ɗ i n s ɒ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | กฺล่อง-ดิน-สอ k ̥ l ˋ ɒ ŋ – ɗ i n – s ɒ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | glɔ̀ɔng-din-sɔ̌ɔ |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | klong-din-so |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /klɔːŋ˨˩.din˧.sɔː˩˩˦/ |

### Noun

กล่องดินสอ • (glɔ̀ɔng-din-sɔ̌ɔ) (classifier ใบ)
* pencil box.

#### Synonyms

* ตลับดินสอ (dtà-làp-din-sɔ̌ɔ)
# รายงาน
## Thai
### Etymology

From ราย (raai, “per”) +‎ งาน (ngaan, “work; activity; event; etc”).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | รายงาน r ā y ŋ ā n |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ราย-งาน r ā y – ŋ ā n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | raai-ngaan |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | rai-ngan |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /raːj˧.ŋaːn˧/ |

### Noun

รายงาน • (raai-ngaan) (classifier เรื่อง or เล่ม or ฉบับ)
* report: account or statement (of a matter, situation, etc).

#### Derived terms

* รายงานกระบวนพิจารณา
* รายงานการประชุม
* รายงานพิสดาร
* สมุดรายงาน

### Verb

รายงาน • (raai-ngaan) (abstract noun การรายงาน)
* to report: to give an account or statement (of).
* to report: to present (oneself before an authority).

#### Derived terms

* มหาดเล็กรายงาน
# ยัญ
## Thai
### Etymology

From Sanskrit यज्ञ (yajña), Pali yañña.

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ยัญ y ạ ɲ | ยัญ y ạ ɲ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ยัน y ạ n | [bound form] ยัน-ยะ- y ạ n – y a – |
| Romanization | Paiboon | yan | yan-yá- |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | yan | yan-ya- |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /jan˧/ | /jan˧.ja˦˥./ |
| Homophonesedit | Homophonesedit | ยัน ยันต์ ยันตร์ | |

### Noun

ยัญ • (yan)
* sacrifice; offering
# ลิงลม
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ลิงลม l i ŋ l m |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ลิง-ลม l i ŋ – l m |
| Romanization | Paiboon | ling-lom |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | ling-lom |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /liŋ˧.lom˧/ |

### Noun

ลิงลม • (ling-lom) (classifier ตัว)
* slow loris.
# ความสนุกสนาน
## Thai
### Etymology

From ความ (kwaam) +‎ สนุกสนาน (sà-nùk-sà-nǎan).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ความสนุกสนาน g w ā m s n u k s n ā n |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | คฺวาม-สะ-หฺนุก-สะ-หฺนาน g ̥ w ā m – s a – h ̥ n u k – s a – h ̥ n ā n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | kwaam-sà-nùk-sà-nǎan |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | khwam-sa-nuk-sa-nan |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kʰwaːm˧.sa˨˩.nuk̚˨˩.sa˨˩.naːn˩˩˦/ |

### Noun

ความสนุกสนาน • (kwaam-sà-nùk-sà-nǎan)
* fun; pleasure; enjoyment.
# ความว่องไว
## Thai
### Etymology

From ความ (kwaam) +‎ ว่องไว (wɔ̂ng-wai).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ความว่องไว g w ā m w ˋ ɒ ŋ ai w |
| Phonemic {Unorthographical; Short} | Phonemic {Unorthographical; Short} | คฺวาม-ว็่อง-ไว g ̥ w ā m – w ˘ ˋ ɒ ŋ – ai w |
| Romanization | Paiboon | kwaam-wɔ̂ng-wai |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | khwam-wong-wai |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kʰwaːm˧.wɔŋ˥˩.waj˧/ |

### Noun

ความว่องไว • (kwaam-wɔ̂ng-wai)
* abstract noun of ว่องไว (wɔ̂ng-wai): nimbleness; agility.
# ความศรัทธา
## Thai
### Etymology

From ความ (kwaam) +‎ ศรัทธา (sàt-taa).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ความศรัทธา g w ā m ɕ r ạ d dʰ ā |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | คฺวาม-สัด-ทา g ̥ w ā m – s ạ ɗ – d ā |
| Romanization | Paiboon | kwaam-sàt-taa |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | khwam-sat-tha |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kʰwaːm˧.sat̚˨˩.tʰaː˧/ |

### Noun

ความศรัทธา • (kwaam-sàt-taa)
* abstract noun of ศรัทธา (sàt-taa)
# ความวู่วาม
## Thai
### Etymology

From ความ (kwaam) +‎ วู่วาม (wûu-waam).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ความวู่วาม g w ā m w ū ˋ w ā m |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | คฺวาม-วู่-วาม g ̥ w ā m – w ū ˋ – w ā m |
| Romanization | Paiboon | kwaam-wûu-waam |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | khwam-wu-wam |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kʰwaːm˧.wuː˥˩.waːm˧/ |

### Noun

ความวู่วาม • (kwaam-wûu-waam)
* abstract noun of วู่วาม (wûu-waam)
# เกอิชา
## Thai
### Alternative forms

* เกชา (gee-chaa)

### Etymology

From Japanese 芸者 (geisha).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | เกอิชา e k ɒ i d͡ʑ ā |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | เก-อิ-ชา e k – ɒ i – d͡ʑ ā |
| Romanization | Paiboon | gee-ì-chaa |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | ke-i-cha |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /keː˧.ʔi˨˩.t͡ɕʰaː˧/ |

### Noun

เกอิชา • (gee-ì-chaa)
* geisha.
# เกะกะ
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | เกะกะ e k a k a |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | เกะ-กะ e k a – k a |
| Romanization | Paiboon | gè-gà |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | ke-ka |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /keʔ˨˩.kaʔ˨˩/ |

### Adjective

เกะกะ • (gè-gà) (abstract noun ความเกะกะ)
* rowdy; disorderly.
* mischievous behaving.
# เกาลัด
## Thai
### Alternative forms

* เกาลัก

### Etymology

From Teochew 侯栗 (gao6 lag8, “chestnut”).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | เกาลัด e k ā l ạ ɗ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | เกา-ลัด e k ā – l ạ ɗ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | gao-lát |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | kao-lat |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kaw˧.lat̚˦˥/ |

### Noun

เกาลัด • (gao-lát)
* (ลูก~) chestnut.
# ชักใย
## Thai
### Etymology

From ชัก (chák, “to pull”) +‎ ใย (yai, “fiber; any thin or fine thread, as cobweb”).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ชักใย d͡ʑ ạ k au y |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ชัก-ไย d͡ʑ ạ k – ai y |
| Romanization | Paiboon | chák-yai |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | chak-yai |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /t͡ɕʰak̚˦˥.jaj˧/ |

### Verb

ชักใย • (chák-yai) (abstract noun การชักใย)
* (idiomatic) to pull the strings behind the scenes; to control, manipulate, or mastermind behind the scenes.
# ชัด
## Thai
### Etymology

Compare Lao ຊັດ (sat).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic/Phonemic | Orthographic/Phonemic | ชัด d͡ʑ ạ ɗ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | chát |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | chat |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /t͡ɕʰat̚˦˥/ |
| Homophonesedit | Homophonesedit | ชัฏ |

### Adjective

ชัด • (chát) (abstract noun ความชัด)
* clear; sharp.

#### Derived terms

* ชัดเจน (chát-jeen)
* ชัดถ้อยชัดคำ
* แน่ชัด (nɛ̂ɛ-chát)
# หยด
## Thai
### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Compare Lao ຢອດ (yǭt), Vietnamese giọt.”

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | หยด h y ɗ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | หฺยด h ̥ y ɗ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | yòt |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | yot |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /jot̚˨˩/ |

### Noun

หยด • (yòt) (classifier หยด)
* drop.
    หยดน้ำ
       yòt náam
       waterdrop, drop of water

### Verb

หยด • (yòt) (abstract noun การหยด)
* to make a drop.
# หยัก
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | หยัก h y ạ k |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | หฺยัก h ̥ y ạ k |
| Romanization | Paiboon | yàk |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | yak |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /jak̚˨˩/ |

### Verb

หยัก • (yàk) (abstract noun การหยัก)
* to notch; to indent.

### Adjective

หยัก • (yàk) (abstract noun ความหยัก)
* wavy; notched.
# เชื่อม
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic/Phonemic | Orthographic/Phonemic | เชื่อม e d͡ʑ ụ̄ ˋ ɒ m |
| Romanization | Paiboon | chʉ̂ʉam |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | chueam |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /t͡ɕʰɯa̯m˥˩/ |

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

เชื่อม • (chʉ̂ʉam) (abstract noun การเชื่อม)
* to caramelize (e.g. a fruit).
* to heat in caramel or syrup.

#### Adjective

เชื่อม • (chʉ̂ʉam)
* caramelized (fruit).
* (dated) much sweet.
* (dated) watery (eye).

#### Derived terms

* น้ำเชื่อม (nám-chʉ̂ʉam)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

เชื่อม • (chʉ̂ʉam) (abstract noun การเชื่อม)
* to weld; to fasten; to attach (into one object).
* to connect; to link; to join (something unconnected).
# ทุกทุก
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ทุกทุก d u k d u k |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ทุก-ทุก d u k – d u k |
| Romanization | Paiboon | túk-túk |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | thuk-thuk |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /tʰuk̚˦˥.tʰuk̚˦˥/ |

### Determiner

ทุกทุก • (túk-túk)
* (poetic) Alternative form of ทุก ๆ (túk-túk)
# ทุจริต
## Thai
### Etymology

From Pali duccarita (literally “bad action; bad act; bad deed; etc”), fron du (“bad; ill”) + carita (“action; act; deed; etc”); equivalent to Thai ทุ (tú) +‎ จริต (jà-rìt). Cognate with Khmer ទុច្ចរិត (tuccaʼrət), Lao ທຸຈະລິດ (thu cha lit).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ทุจริต d u t͡ɕ r i t |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ทุด-จะ-หฺริด d u ɗ – t͡ɕ a – h ̥ r i ɗ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | tút-jà-rìt |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | thut-cha-rit |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /tʰut̚˦˥.t͡ɕa˨˩.rit̚˨˩/ |

### Noun

ทุจริต • (tút-jà-rìt)
* misbehaviour, misconduct; dishonesty, corruption; misfeasance, malfeasance, malversation; deceit, fraud, cheating.

#### Antonyms

* สุจริต (sùt-jà-rìt)

#### Derived terms

* กายทุจริต
* มโนทุจริต
* วจีทุจริต

### Verb

ทุจริต • (tút-jà-rìt) (abstract noun การทุจริต)
* to misbehave, to misconduct; to commit dishonesty or corruption; to be dishonest or corrupt; to commit misfeasance, malfeasance, or malversation; to exercise deceit, to defraud, to cheat.

### Adjective

ทุจริต • (tút-jà-rìt) (abstract noun ความทุจริต)
* misbehaved, misconducted; dishonest, corrupt; given to misfeasance, malfeasance, or malversation; deceitful, fraudulent, cheating.
# ติรานา
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ติรานา t i r ā n ā |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ติ-รา-นา t i – r ā – n ā |
| Romanization | Paiboon | dtì-raa-naa |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | ti-ra-na |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /ti˨˩.raː˧.naː˧/ |

### Proper noun

ติรานา • (dtì-raa-naa)
* Tirana (the capital city of Albania)
# เสียสละ
## Thai
### Etymology

From เสีย (sǐia) +‎ สละ (sà-là).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | เสียสละ e s ī y s l a |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | เสีย-สะ-หฺละ e s ī y – s a – h ̥ l a |
| Romanization | Paiboon | sǐia-sà-là |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | sia-sa-la |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /sia̯˩˩˦.sa˨˩.laʔ˨˩/ |

### Verb

เสียสละ • (sǐia-sà-là) (abstract noun การเสียสละ or ความเสียสละ)
* to sacrifice.
# เสียผี
## Thai
### Etymology

From เสีย (sǐia, “to breach; to violate; to offend”) +‎ ผี (pǐi, “deity, god; ghost, spirit; corpse, remains”).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | เสียผี e s ī y pʰ ī |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | เสีย-ผี e s ī y – pʰ ī |
| Romanization | Paiboon | sǐia-pǐi |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | sia-phi |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /sia̯˩˩˦.pʰiː˩˩˦/ |

### Verb

เสียผี • (sǐia-pǐi) (abstract noun การเสียผี)
* to, by making offerings, apologise a deity or spirit for having breached a sexual taboo.
* (slang) to lose one's virginity.

#### Related terms

* ผิดผี (pìt-pǐi)
# เหง้า
## Thai
### Alternative forms

* (obsolete) เง่า (ngâo)

### Etymology

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ʰŋawꟲ (“central root”), from Old Chinese 藕 (OC *ŋoːʔ, “lotus root”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨦᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ, Lao ເຫງົ້າ (ngao), Lü ᦄᧁᧉ (ṅgaw²), Shan ငဝ်ႈ (ngāo), Ahom 𑜂𑜧 (ṅaw), 𑜂𑜨𑜧 (ṅow), or 𑜂𑜧𑜈𑜫 (ṅaww); also compare Vietnamese ngó.

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | เหง้า e h ŋ ˆ ā |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | เง่า e ŋ ˋ ā |
| Romanization | Paiboon | ngâo |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | ngao |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /ŋaw˥˩/ |

### Noun

เหง้า • (ngâo)
* ancestor, source, heritage.
* base or underground portion of a plant stem or tree trunk.

### References

* ↑ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014) “Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai”, in MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities, volume 20 (special issue), Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University, →ISSN, pages 47–68.
# เหนียวแน่น
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | เหนียวแน่น e h n ī y w æ n ˋ n |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | เหฺนียว-แน่น e h ̥ n ī y w – æ n ˋ n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | nǐao-nɛ̂ɛn |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | niao-naen |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /nia̯w˩˩˦.nɛːn˥˩/ |

### Adjective

เหนียวแน่น • (nǐao-nɛ̂ɛn) (abstract noun ความเหนียวแน่น)
* frugal; thrifty
* firm; stiff; hard
# เหนี่ยว
## Thai
### Etymology

Cognate with Lao ໜ່ຽວ (niāu), Shan ၼဵဝ်ႈ (nāeo).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | เหนี่ยว e h n ī ˋ y w |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | เหฺนี่ยว e h ̥ n ī ˋ y w |
| Romanization | Paiboon | nìao |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | niao |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /nia̯w˨˩/ |

### Verb

เหนี่ยว • (nìao) (abstract noun การเหนี่ยว)
* to pull.
* to hold back.
# ปรากฎการณ์
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ปรากฎการณ์ p r ā k ᶑ k ā r ɳ ʻ | ปรากฎการณ์ p r ā k ᶑ k ā r ɳ ʻ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ปฺรา-กด-ตะ-กาน p ̥ r ā – k ɗ – t a – k ā n | ปฺรา-กด-กาน p ̥ r ā – k ɗ – k ā n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | bpraa-gòt-dtà-gaan | bpraa-gòt-gaan |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | pra-kot-ta-kan | pra-kot-kan |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /praː˧.kot̚˨˩.ta˨˩.kaːn˧/ | /praː˧.kot̚˨˩.kaːn˧/ |

### Noun

ปรากฎการณ์ • (bpraa-gòt-dtà-gaan)
* Misspelling of ปรากฏการณ์ (bpraa-gòt-dtà-gaan).