# voluntas
## Ido
### Verb

voluntas
* present of voluntar

## Latin
### Etymology

Derived from the old present participle stem *welont- +‎ -(t)ās. Compare with volēns (“willing”) and post-classical volentia (“will”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /u̯oˈlun.taːs/, [u̯ɔˈɫ̪ʊn̪t̪äːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /voˈlun.tas/, [voˈlun̪t̪äs]

### Noun

voluntās f (genitive voluntātis); third declension
* will, free will, choice
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.44:Si iterum experiri velint, se iterum paratum esse decertare; si pace uti velint, iniquum esse de stipendio recusare, quod sua voluntate ad id tempus pependerint.If they chose to make a second trial, he was ready to encounter them again; but if they chose to enjoy peace, it was unfair to refuse the tribute, which of their own free-will they had paid up to that time.
** Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, 2:14:Gloria in altissimis Deo, et in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis.Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace to people of good will.
* desire, inclination
* disposition towards (something or someone)
* favor, affection
* last will, testament
* goal, object, purpose, intention
    Synonyms: intentiō, propositum, fīnis, cōnsilium, animus, mēns
* signification, import

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | voluntās | voluntātēs |
| Genitive | voluntātis | voluntātum |
| Dative | voluntātī | voluntātibus |
| Accusative | voluntātem | voluntātēs |
| Ablative | voluntāte | voluntātibus |
| Vocative | voluntās | voluntātēs |

#### Related terms

* volō
* voluntāriē
* voluntārius

#### Descendants

* Albanian: vullnet
* Basque: borondate
* Dalmatian: voluntuot
* English: volunty
* Friulian: volontât
* Italian: voluntà, volontà
* Ladin: veluntad, ulentà
* Ligurian: voentæ, vuluntà
* Old French: volunté, volenté, volonté
** Middle French: volunté
*** French: volonté
**** Antillean Creole: volonté
* Old Occitan: volontat
** Old Catalan: volentat
*** Catalan: voluntat
** Occitan: volontat
* Old Galician-Portuguese: voontade
** Portuguese: vontade
* Piedmontese: voluntà
* Romansch: voluntad, volunted, voluntà
* Sardinian: bolontade, boluntadi, volontade
* Old Leonese: veluntat
** Asturian: veluntá
** Leonese: veluntá
* Asturian: voluntá
* Old Spanish: veluntad, voluntad
** Ladino: veluntad
** Spanish: voluntad

### References

* “voluntas”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “voluntas”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* voluntas in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* voluntas in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. when life runs smoothly: in rebus prosperis et ad voluntatem fluentibus to find favour with some one; to get into their good graces: benevolentiam, favorem, voluntatem alicuius sibi conciliare or colligere (ex aliqua re) to look favourably upon; to support: propenso animo, studio esse or propensa voluntate esse in aliquem (opp. averso animo esse ab aliquo) to accomodate oneself to another's wishes: se conformare, se accommodare ad alicuius voluntatem to accomodate oneself to another's wishes: alicuius voluntati morem gerere to become estranged, alienated from some one: voluntatemor animum alicuius a se abalienare, aliquem a se abalienare or alienare to satisfy a person's wishes: voluntati alicuius satisfacere, obsequi a good conscience: conscientia recta, recte facti (factorum), virtutis, bene actae vitae, rectae voluntatis the last wishes of a deceased person: alicuius mortui voluntas (suprema) the spirit of the law: sententia or voluntas legis unpopularity: offensa populi voluntas
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1137