# 紂

| 紂 | U+7D02, &#32002; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D02 |
| ← 紁 [U+7D01] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 紃 → [U+7D03] |

## Translingual
### Han character

紂 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女火木戈 (VFDI), four-corner 2490$_0$, composition ⿰糹寸)

#### Derived characters

* 𰂠, 𠷵, 𩋰, 葤, 𦋝, 䈙

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 915, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27239
* Dae Jaweon: page 1343, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3364, character 3
* Unihan data for U+7D02

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 肘 | *tkuʔ |
| 疛 | *tuʔ, *dus |
| 紂 | *duʔ |
| 葤 | *duʔ |
| 酎 | *l'us |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duʔ) : semantic 糹 + abbreviated phonetic 肘 (OC *tkuʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhòu (zhou$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zau$^6$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): diu$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiū
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhòu
*** Wade–Giles: chou$^4$
*** Yale: jòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jow
*** Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zau$^6$
*** Yale: jauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zeo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐu̯²²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: diu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiu²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiū
*** Tâi-lô: tiū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiu²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiu²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiu³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiu³³/
* Middle Chinese: drjuwX
Rime :
| Character | 紂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 除柳切 |
| Baxter | drjuwX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖiu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖuw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭəu$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯ə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ruʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*duʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 紂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhòu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drjuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ruʔ/ |
| English | leather belt used on the rump of a horse hitched to a cart; name of last Shāng ruler |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 紂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17546 |
| Phonetic component | 肘 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 紂 |
| Old Chinese | /*duʔ/ |

### Definitions

紂
* King Zhou of the Shang dynasty
* (archaic) crupper (part of a saddle or carriage attachment)

### Compounds

* 助紂為虐／助纣为虐 (zhùzhòuwéinüè)
* 商紂／商纣
* 村紂／村纣
* 桀紂／桀纣 (jiézhòu)
* 紂棍／纣棍

### References

* “紂”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “纣”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 312.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅう (jū)
* Kan-on: ちゅう (chū)
* Kun: しりがい (shirigai)

## Korean
### Hanja

紂 (eum 주 (ju))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Chữ Hán

紂: Hán Việt readings: trụ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation