# آس
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔaːs/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Aramaic אָסָא / ܐܵܣܵܐ (ʾāsā, “myrtle”), from Akkadian 𒄑𒊍 (asum, “myrtle”).

#### Noun

آس • (ʔās) m
* myrtle (Myrtus gen. et spp.)
    Synonyms: رَيْحَان (rayḥān), مَرْسِين (marsīn), هَدَس (hadas), قُمَام (qumām)
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 29, Art. 15, pages 383–384:والكتم قال أبو الخير هو ثلاثة أنواع منها ما له ورق عريض مثل ورق الآس الذي ينبت في الشعرى وهو يعلو كثيرا ويأخذ من التدويح وورقه مشرفة مثل تشريف المنشار ومنه نوع آخر له ورق دون الأول في العرض وتعظم شجرته أيضا وله حب في قدر حب الفلفل والريحان ويعتصر منه دهن يستصبح به ونوع آخر له ورق طويل دقيق مثل ورق المسان وقيل إن مما جرب فصح إنه إن سقى من عصارة ورقه ثمانية دراهم لمن عضه الكلب فإنه يبرئ في ذلك اليوم ويخلص بإذن الله تعالى وأن فزع من الماء فإنه يبرئ والكتم هو شبيه للحناء ويجفف ورقه ويدق نعما ويخلط بالحناء وخضب به الشعر.About the mock privet says Abū al-Ḵayr that there are three kinds of it: The first has wide leaves similar to the leaves of the myrtle which grows in the maquis and it becomes very high and swollen and its leaves are humped like a saw, the second has leaves of lesser width but its tree is also poddy and its seeds are of the size of the seeds of peppers and myrtles and from them one can press oil for lighting, and another kind has long delicate leaves like sandpaper and it is said if someone is affected by scabies then he will regain health, that if he whom a dog has bitten drinks eight dirhem from the extract of its leaves he will becomes free from the ailment the same day and cleansed of it if God is gracious; so that he will fear water but he will be free of the pest. Mock privet is similar to henna and one dries its leaves and crushes them well and mixes with henna and dyes the hair with it.

##### Descendants

* ⇒ Cypriot Arabic: ximplás
* → Ge'ez: እልኣስ (ʾəlʾas, “myrtle”)
* → Middle Armenian: հապալաս (hapalas) (√ حَبّ الْآس (ḥabb al-ʔās))
** → Armenian: հապալաս (hapalas) (learned)

### Etymology 2

Ultimately from Latin as, likely through French as.

#### Noun

آس • (ʔās) m (plural آسَات (ʔāsāt))
* ace (card games, dice games, etc.)

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Aramaic אָסְיָא / ܐܵܣܝܵܐ (ʾāsyā, “physician, healer”), from Akkadian 𒀀𒍪 (A.ZU /⁠asû⁠/, “physician, healer”), from Sumerian 𒀀𒍪 (A.ZU /⁠azu⁠/, “physician, healer”). This term has merged with the native root ء س و (ʔ-s-w) having originally the meanings “to grieve”, “to hurt”, and developed additional forms, this noun being reinterpreted as an active participle of the form I verb, the same happening in Aramaic. It has also engendered additional forms in Aramaic, Hebrew, Ethiopian Semitic.

#### Noun

آسٍ • (ʔāsin) m (construct state آسِي (ʔāsī), plural آسُونَ (ʔāsūna) or أُسَاة (ʔusāh) or إِسَاء (ʔisāʔ), feminine آسِيَة (ʔāsiya)) (archaic)
* physician, healer, one who knows medicine
    Synonym: طَبِيب (ṭabīb)
** a. 965, Al-Mutanabbi, فِي الْخَدِّ أَنْ عَزَمَ الْخَلِيطُ رَحِيلًا (fī l-ḵaddi ʔan ʕazama l-ḵalīṭu raḥīlan):يَطَأُ الثَّرَى مُتَرَفِّقًا مِنْ تَيْهِهِ // فَكَأَنَّهُ آسٍ يَجُسُّ عَلِيلَاyaṭaʔu ṯ-ṯarā mutaraffiqan min tayhihi // fakaʔannahu ʔāsin yajussu ʕalīlā(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1948, مُحَمَّد مَهْدِيّ اَلْجَوَاهِرِيّ [muḥammad mahdiyy al-jawāhiriyy], “أَخِي جَعْفَر [ʔaḵī jaʕfar]”, in سَعِيد عَلِيّ [saʕīd ʕaliyy], compiler, دِيوَان الْجَوَاهِرِيّ [dīwān al-jawāhiriyy], part 1, Saida, Lebanon: اَلْمَكْتَبَة اَلْعَصْرِيَّة [al-maktaba(t) al-ʕaṣriyya], published 1967 October, →OCLC, page 180:فَيَا لَكَ مِنْ مَرْهَمٍ مَا ٱهْتَدَى إِلَيْهِ الْأُسَاةُ وَمَا رَهَّمُواfayā laka min marhamin mā htadā ʔilayhi l-ʔusātu wamā rahhamū(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Declension
### References

* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 139
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 261

## Baluchi
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Iranian *HáHtr̥š; see there for more.

### Noun

آس • (ás)
* fire
* flame

### See also

* آچ (ác)

## Pashto
### Noun

آس • (ās)
* Alternative form of اس (as, “horse”)

## Persian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”); compare English edge. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Noun

آس • (âs)
* millstone

#### Derived terms

* آس کردن (âs kardan)
* آسیاب (âsyâb)
** آسیاب آبی (âsyâb-e âbi)
** آسیاب بادی (âsyâb-e bâdi)
* آسباد (âsbâd)

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “آس”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Urdu آس (ās).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /äːs/

### Noun

آس • (ās) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਸ)
* hope, expectation

#### Declension
### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “āśás”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 66

### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “آس”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
* Bashir, Kanwal (2012) “آس”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press, page 5
* “ਆਸ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024

## Urdu
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀆𑀲𑀸 (āsā), from Sanskrit आशा (āśā, “hope, wish, expectation”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɑːs/

### Noun

آس • (ās) f (Hindi spelling आस)
* hope, expectation

### References

* “آس”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “آس”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 10