# quantus
## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kʷāntos, from either:
* A thematization of Proto-Indo-European *kʷéh₂onts (“how much, how many”), from *kʷéh₂ (neuter plural of *kʷos) + *-onts (Caland adjectival suffix).
* A -tos derivative of Proto-Italic *kʷām (whence quam), accusative of *kʷoi.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkʷan.tus/, [ˈkʷän̪t̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkwan.tus/, [ˈkwän̪t̪us]

### Adjective

quantus (feminine quanta, neuter quantum); first/second-declension adjective
* how much, how many
* how big or how great
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.48-49:“[...] Teucrum comitantibus armīs / Pūnica sē quantīs attollet glōria rēbus!”“With the arms of Troy accompanying our own, Punic renown will arise through such great deeds!”
* as much, great, or far as, etc., expressing a relative proportion or related quantity
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.445–446:[...] ipsa haeret scopulīs et, quantum vertice ad aurās / aetheriās, tantum rādīce in Tartara tendit.[The wind and the oak tree:] the [tree] itself holds tight to bedrock and, as high as its peak [towers] to heavenly air, to that extent its roots stretch [down] to Tartarus.

#### Usage notes

* Being an adjective in its most basic function, quantus was then used substantively as quantum (with genitive) to mean "as much of...as"; as quantī (pretiī) to mean "how high (a price)", "as high (a price) as", "how dear", "as dear as"; adverbially as quantum to mean "as much as" (cf. quam); as quantō to mean "by how much", "by as much as". For all these tantus has its coordinate functions.

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Coordinate terms

* tantus

#### Derived terms

* quantitās
* quantopere
* quantulus
* quantusvīs

#### Related terms

| type | demonstrative | demonstrative | demonstrative | anaphoric | identity | interrogative/ relative | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | negative | other |
| type | proximal | medial | distal | anaphoric | identity | interrogative/ relative | relative | indefinite | free choice | universal | negative polarity | negative | other |
| basic | hic | iste, istic | ille, illic | is | ipse, īdem | quis/quī | quisquis, quīcumque | quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiam | quīvis, quīlibet | quisque | quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam | nēmō, nihil, nūllus | alius |
| dual | | | | | | uter | utercumque | alteruter | utervīs, uterlibet | uterque | | neuter | alter |
| place | hīc | istīc | illīc | ibī̆ | ibī̆dem | ubī̆ | ubiubi, ubī̆cumque | alicubī, uspiam | ubivīs, ubilibet | ubīque | usquam | nusquam, nūllibī | alibī, aliās |
| source | hinc | istinc | illinc | inde | indidem | unde | undecumque, undeunde | alicunde | °undelibet | undique | | | aliunde |
| destination | hūc, °hōrsum | istūc, °istōrsum | illūc, °illōrsum | eō | eōdem | quō, quōrsum | quōquō, quōcumque | aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum | quōvīs, quōlibet | | quōquam | nusquam, nūllōrsum | aliō, aliōrsum |
| method, means, path, place | hāc | istāc | illāc | eā | eādem | quā | quāquā, quācumque | aliquā | quāvīs, quālibet | quāque | | nēquāquam, haudquāquam | aliā |
| manner | hōc modō | istō modō | illō modō | ita, sīc, eō modō | item, itidem | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque | quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō | quōmodolibet | utīque | ūllō modō | nūllō modō | aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō |
| time | num, nunc | | ōlim | tum, tunc | simul | quandō, ‡cum | cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque | quondam, aliquandō | quandōlibet | quandōque | umquam | numquam | aliās |
| quantity | | | | tam | †tamen, †tandem | quam | †quamquam | aliquam | quamvīs, quamlibet | | | | |
| size | | | | tantus | tantusdem | quantus | quantuscumque | aliquantus | quantusvīs, quantuslibet | | | | |
| quality | | | | tālis | | quālis | quālis, quāliscumque | aliquālis | quālislibet | | | | |
| number | | | | tot | totidem | quot | quotquot, quotcumque | aliquot | quotlibet | | | | |
| order | | | | totus | | quotus | quotuscumque | aliquotus | quotuslibet | | | | |
| repetition | | | | totiēns | | quotiēns | quotiēnscumque | aliquotiēns | quotiēnslibet | | | | |
| multiplication | | | | totuplex | | quotuplex | | | | | | | |
| † Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare ‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative ||||||||||||||

#### Descendants

* Aromanian: cãt (through conflation with quotus)
* Asturian: cuántu
* Aragonese: quan
* Catalan: quant
* Dalmatian: cont
* Franco-Provençal: quint (through confusion with quinam)
* French: quant
* → Interlingua: quante
* Italian: quanto
* Lombard: quat
* Megleno-Romanian: cǫt (through conflation with quotus)
* Neapolitan: quanto
* Occitan: quant
* Old Galician-Portuguese: quanto
** Galician: canto
** Portuguese: quanto
* Romanian: cât (through conflation with quotus)
* Romansch: quant, cont, quaunt
* Sardinian: cantu
* Sicilian: quantu
* Spanish: cuanto, cuánto
* Venetan: cuanto

### References

* ↑ Lowe, John (2014) “Indo-European Caland Adjectives in *-nt- and Participles in Sanskrit”, in Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics‎, volume 127, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISSN, →JSTOR, pages 166–195
* “quantus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “quantus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* quantus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* quantus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) as far as I can guess: quantum ego coniectura assequor, auguror (ambiguous) as far as I know: quantum scio (ambiguous) I am not dissatisfied with my progress: non me paenitet, quantum profecerim (ambiguous) to take only enough food to support life: tantum cibi et potionis adhibere quantum satis est
* “quantity”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.