OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# привіт
## Ukrainian

* This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.For other Ukrainian entries on this topic, see Greetings.

### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic привѣтъ (privětŭ, “greeting; appeal; dictum, word; intention, will”), from Proto-Slavic *privětъ. Compare Russian приве́т (privét) and Belarusian прыве́т (pryvjét).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [preˈʋʲit]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

приві́т • (pryvít) m inan (genitive приві́ту, nominative plural приві́ти, genitive plural приві́тів)
* greeting

#### Derived terms

* приві́тний (pryvítnyj)

### Interjection

приві́т • (pryvít)
* hello (informal)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “привіт”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
# tesť
## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьstь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [cesc]

### Noun

tesť m pers (female equivalent testiná)
* father-in-law (wife's father)
    Coordinate term: svokor

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “tesť”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# Semipalatinsk
## English
### Proper noun

Semipalatinsk
* Synonym of Semey.
** For quotations using this term, see Citations:Semipalatinsk.
# वम्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ৱম্ (Assamese script)
* ᬯᬫ᭄ (Balinese script)
* বম্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰪𑰦𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀯𑀫𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ဝမ် (Burmese script)
* વમ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਵਮ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌵𑌮𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦮꦩ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂫𑂧𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ವಮ್ (Kannada script)
* វម៑ (Khmer script)
* ວມ຺ (Lao script)
* വമ് (Malayalam script)
* ᠸᠠᠮ (Manchu script)
* 𑘪𑘦𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠸᠠᠮ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧊𑧆𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐰𑐩𑑂 (Newa script)
* ଵମ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢮꢪ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆮𑆩𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖪𑖦𑖿 (Siddham script)
* වම් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩾𑩴 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚦𑚢𑚶 (Takri script)
* வம் (Tamil script)
* వమ్ (Telugu script)
* วมฺ (Thai script)
* ཝ་མ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒫𑒧𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨭𑨢𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wemh₁-.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ʋɐm/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ʋɐm/

### Root

वम् • (vam)
* to vomit

#### Derived terms
##### Primary Verbal Forms

* वमति (vamati, Present)
* वमिति (vámiti, Present)
* वमिष्यति (vamiṣyáti, Future)
* वमिता (vamitā́, Periphrastic Future)
* अवान् (ávān, Aorist)
* अवमीत् (ávamīt, Aorist)
* ववाम (vavā́ma, Perfect)
* उवाम (uvā́ma, Perfect)

##### Secondary Forms

* वम्यते (vamyáte, Passive)
* अवामि (ávāmi, Passive Aorist)
* वामयति (vāmáyati, Causative)
* वमयति (vamáyati, Causative)
* अवीवमत् (ávīvamat, Causative Aorist)
* विवमिषति (vivamiṣati, Desiderative)
* वंवम्यते (vaṃvamyate, Intensive)
* वंवन्ति (vaṃvanti, Intensive)

##### Non-Finite Forms

* वान्त (vāntá, Past Participle)
* वमितुम् (vamitum, Infinitive)
* वमित्वा (vamitvā́, Gerund)
* वमितव्य (vamitavya, Gerundive)
* वमनीय (vamanīya, Gerundive)

##### Derived Nominal Forms

* वमथु (vamathu)
* वमन (vamana, “vomiting”)
* वमि (vami)
* वामिन् (vāmin)

##### Prefixed Root Forms

* अभिवम् (abhivam)
* उद्वम् (udvam)
* निर्वम् (nirvam)
* परावम् (parāvam)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “वम्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 920, column 2.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 154
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “VAM$^I$”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 506-7
# jokeress
## English
### Etymology

From joker +‎ -ess.

### Noun

jokeress (plural jokeresses)
* (rare) A female joker.
# Stenodera palaestina
## Translingual
### Etymology

Stenodera f (“genus”) +‎ Latin Palaestīna f (“Palestinian”), literally “Palestinian Stenodera”

### Proper noun

Stenodera palaestina f
* A taxonomic species within the family Meloidae – certain blister beetles.

#### Hypernyms

* (species): Coleoptera – order; Polyphaga – suborder; Cucujiformia – infraorder; Tenebrionoidea – superfamily; Meloidae – family; Nemognathinae – subfamily; Nemognathini – tribe; Stenodera – genus

### Further reading

* Blister beetle on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Stenodera palaestina on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Stenodera palaestina on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# zhooshiest
## English
### Adjective

zhooshiest
* superlative form of zhooshy: most zhooshy
# stare decisis
## English
### Etymology

From the Latin stāre (“to stand; to stay, to remain”) + dēcīsīs (ablative plural of dēcīsus, from dēcīdō (“I sever, I decide”); literally "to stand by decided matters".

### Pronunciation

* (General American) enPR: stârʹē dĭ.sīʹsĭs, IPA: /ˈstɛəɹi dɪˈsaɪsɪs/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈstɛəɹi dɪˈsaɪsɪs/

### Noun

stare decisis (uncountable)
* (law) The principle of following judicial precedent.
** 2006, Saul Brenner, Harold J. Spaeth, Stare Indecisis: The Alteration of Precedent on the Supreme Court, 1946-1992, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 3:Similarly, Walter F. Murphy, a student of judicial politics, noted that stare decisis provides the “harried judges who face difficult choices with a welcome decision-making crutch.”

#### Translations
### Further reading

* precedent on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# pradedo
## Slovak
### Etymology

From pra- +‎ dedo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpraɟedɔ]

### Noun

pradedo m pers (related adjective pradedovský, diminutive pradedko or pradedenko)
* great-grandfather
    Synonym: praded

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “pradedo”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# ziębita
## Polish
### Etymology

From Jerzy Zięba + -ita.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʑɛmˈbi.ta/
* Rhymes: -ita
* Syllabification: zię‧bi‧ta

### Noun

ziębita m pers (female equivalent ziębitka)
* (derogatory, neologism) alternative medicine supporter or believer (especially of those who support Jerzy Zięba's methods) (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* ziebita at Obserwatorium językowe Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
# androido
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [androˈido]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ido
* Hyphenation: an‧dro‧i‧do

### Noun

androido (accusative singular androidon, plural androidoj, accusative plural androidojn)
* android
# jokeresses
## English
### Noun

jokeresses
* plural of jokeress
# palaestinus
## Latin
### Adjective

palaestīnus (feminine palaestīna, neuter palaestīnum); first/second-declension adjective
* (taxonomy) Alternative letter-case form of Palaestinus; Palestinian

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Derived terms

* Stenodera palaestina
# pseudocomplemented
## English
### Etymology

From pseudo- +‎ complemented.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

pseudocomplemented (not comparable)
* Having a pseudocomplement
** 2015, Hanamantagouda P. Sankappanavar, “JI-distributive dually quasi-De Morgan linear semi-Heyting algebras”, in arXiv‎:The main purpose of this paper is to axiomatize the join of the variety DPCSHC of dually pseudocomplemented semi-Heyting algebras generated by chains and the variety generated by D2, the De Morgan expansion of the four element Boolean Heyting algebra.
# menhir
## English
### Etymology

* PIE word
* *méǵh₂s
Either borrowed from French menhir, or from its etymon Breton maen-hir (literally “long stone”), from maen (“stone”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“big, great”)) + hir (“long”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“long; lasting”)). Cognate with Cornish mênhere, Welsh maen hir.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈmɛnhɪə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈmɛnˌ(h)ɪ(ə)ɹ/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Hyphenation: men‧hir

### Noun

menhir (plural menhirs)
* (archaeology) A single tall standing stone as a monument, especially one dating to prehistoric times.
    Synonym: standing stone
    Hypernyms: monolith, megalith
    Near-synonym: orthostat
** 1963, Thomas Pynchon, “Confessions of Fausto Maijstral”, in V.: […], Philadelphia, Pa., New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC, pages 310–311:[N]o time has passed since we lived in caves, grappled with fish at the reedy shore, buried our dead with a song, with red-ochre and pulled up our dolmens, temples and menhirs and standing stones to the glory of some indeterminate god or gods, […]
** 1980, Anthony Burgess, chapter 39, in Earthly Powers, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, London: Penguin Books, published 1981, →ISBN, page 280:On the coast tree ferns and pandanus palms. Inland termite menhirs seventeen feet high.

#### See also

* stela, stele

### References

* ↑ “menhir, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020; “menhir, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

### Further reading

* menhir on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Breton menhir, from Breton maen-hir.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

menhir m (plural menhirs, diminutive menhirtje n)
* (archaeology) menhir

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Breton maen-hir, from maen (“stone”) +‎ hir (“tall”) (compare Welsh maen hir, Cornish mênhere).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /me.niʁ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

menhir m (plural menhirs)
* (archaeology) menhir

### Further reading

* “menhir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French menhir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɛn.xir/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛnxir
* Syllabification: men‧hir

### Noun

menhir m inan
* (archaeology) menhir (single tall standing stone as a monument, especially one dating to prehistoric times)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* menhir in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* menhir in PWN's encyclopedia

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Breton menhir, from Breton maen-hir.

### Noun

menhir n (plural menhire)
* (archaeology) menhir

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French menhir, from Breton maen-hir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /meˈniɾ/ [meˈniɾ]
* Rhymes: -iɾ

### Noun

menhir m (plural menhires)
* (archaeology) menhir

### Further reading

* “menhir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
# 電子錶
## Chinese

(This form in the hanzi box is uncreated: "电子表".)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): diànzǐbiǎo
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄗˇ ㄅㄧㄠˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diànzǐbiǎo [Phonetic: diànzíbiǎo]
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄗˇ ㄅㄧㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diànzǐhbiǎo
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^4$-tzŭ$^3$-piao$^3$
*** Yale: dyàn-dž-byǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dianntzyybeau
*** Palladius: дяньцзыбяо (djanʹczybjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Noun

電子錶
* electronic watch; (especially) digital watch
# mních
## Slovak
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Czech mnich, from Old High German munih, from Proto-West Germanic *munik. First attested in the 15th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɲiːx]

### Noun

mních m pers (female equivalent mníška, related adjective mníšsky, diminutive mníšik or mníško)
* monk

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Králik, Ľubor (2016) “mních”, in Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny [Concise Etymological Dictionary of Slovak] (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV, →ISBN, page 364

### Further reading

* “mních”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# -banare
## Japanese
### Romanization

-banare
* Rōmaji transcription of ばなれ
# Ruumschipp
## German Low German
### Etymology

Ruum +‎ Schipp

### Noun

Ruumschipp n (plural Ruumscheep or Ruumschääp)
* spaceship

#### See also

* Tietschipp (“timeship”)

### References

* Der neue SASS: Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, Plattdeutsch - Hochdeutsch, Hochdeutsch - Plattdeutsch. Plattdeutsche Rechtschreibung, sixth revised edition (2011, →ISBN, Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster)
# qrḥ-mr
## Egyptian
### Etymology

From qrḥ (“pot”) +‎ mr (“libation basin”), presumably in a direct genitive construction.

### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /kɛrɛh mɛr/
** Conventional anglicization: qereh-mer

### Noun

m
* vessel for holding fish [20th Dynasty]

#### Alternative forms

qrḥ-mr :

### References

* “qrḥ-mr (lemma ID 161930)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 97.10
# pseudoconcept
## English
### Etymology

From pseudo- +‎ concept, introduced by Lev Vygotsky.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

pseudoconcept (plural pseudoconcepts)
* (linguistics) A set of things (e.g. blue things, round things) conceptualized by a child who is learning language, approximating a general concept of something.

## Romanian
### Etymology

From pseudo- +‎ concept.

### Noun

pseudoconcept n (plural pseudoconcepte)
* pseudoconcept

#### Declension
### References

* pseudoconcept in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN
# עיטם לבן־גחון
## Hebrew
### Etymology

Literally white-of-underbelly sea eagle

### Noun

עֵיטָם לְבֶן־גָּחוֹן • (etám l'ven-gakhón) m (plural indefinite עיטמים לבני־גחון)
* white-breasted sea eagle (a large bird of prey, Haliaeetus leucogaster, native across Southeast Asia and northern Australia)
# ٹیکسی
## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from English taxi.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ʈɛːk.siː/

### Noun

ٹَیکْسِی • (ṭaiksī) f (Hindi spelling टैक्सी)
* taxi

#### Declension

Declension of ٹیکسی :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | ٹَیکْسی (ṭaiksī) | ٹَیکْسِیاں (ṭaiksiyā̃) |
| oblique | ٹَیکْسی (ṭaiksī) | ٹَیکْسِیوں (ṭaiksiyō̃) |
| vocative | ٹَیکْسی (ṭaiksī) | ٹَیکْسِیو (ṭaiksiyō) |
# podestrian
## English
### Etymology

Blend of pod +‎ pedestrian

### Noun

podestrian (plural podestrians)
* (slang) A pedestrian who listens to music (in particular, using an iPod) while walking and thus has lessened situational awareness.
** 2010 January 26, Michael Hviid Jacobsen, The Contemporary Goffman (Routledge Studies in Social and Political Thought)‎, Routledge, →ISBN, Enter Podestrians:Some Londoners have a death wish. Every day I slam on the bike brakes to avoid ploughing into people blissfully unaware of traffic thanks to their iPods ... Podestrians, as they've been labeled, wander blindly into moving traffic, smiling happily to Neil diamond.
** 2010 March 20, Nigel Farndale, “Explaining a Darwin Award death”, in The Daily Telegraph‎:Because he was listening to his iPod, he didn’t hear the approaching light aircraft as it made an emergency landing … Two thoughts strike me about this unfortunate incident. The first is that I can see how it might have happened. “Podestrians”, as they are known to the emergency services, now account for one in 10 of all minor accidents involving the sudden braking of cars or bikes.
# soffgrupp
## Swedish
### Etymology

Compound of soffa +‎ grupp.

### Noun

soffgrupp c
* sofa group (set of sofas and chairs in a matching style placed close together)

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | soffgrupp | soffgrupps |
| singular | definite | soffgruppen | soffgruppens |
| plural | indefinite | soffgrupper | soffgruppers |
| plural | definite | soffgrupperna | soffgruppernas |

### Further reading

* soffgrupp in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
# seodóir
## Irish
### Etymology

From seoid (“jewel”) +‎ -óir (agent suffix).

### Noun

seodóir m (genitive singular seodóra, nominative plural seodóirí)
* jeweller

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
seodóir
seodóirí
vocative
a sheodóir
a sheodóirí
genitive
seodóra
seodóirí
dative
seodóir
seodóirí
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an seodóir
na seodóirí
genitive
an tseodóra
na seodóirí
dative
leis an seodóir don seodóir
leis na seodóirí :

#### Derived terms

* seodóireacht (“jeweller's”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* “seodóir”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
# underframing
## English
### Etymology

From under- +‎ framing.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

underframing (countable and uncountable, plural underframings)
* An underframe.
# settest about
## English
### Verb

settest about
* (archaic) second-person singular simple present indicative of set about
# pseudolikelihood
## English
### Etymology

From pseudo- +‎ likelihood.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

pseudolikelihood (plural pseudolikelihoods)
* (statistics) An approximation to the joint probability distribution of a collection of random variables.
# diùltadh
## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* (Lewis) IPA: /ˈd̥ʲɔ̃ũl̪ˠt̪əɣ/, [ˈd̥ʲɔ̃ʊ̃l̪̊ˠt̪əɣ]
* (Uist, Barra) IPA: /ˈd̥ʒuːl̪ˠt̪əɣ/

### Noun

diùltadh m (genitive singular diùltaidh, plural diùltaidhean)
* verbal noun of diùlt
* refusal, rejection, rebuff
* denial

### References

* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
# American hornbeam
## English
### Etymology

American + hornbeam (from the hardness of its wood)

### Noun

American hornbeam (countable and uncountable, plural American hornbeams)
* Carpinus caroliniana, a deciduous tree of eastern North America.
* (uncountable) The wood of this tree.

#### Synonyms

* (Carpinus caroliniana): blue beech, musclewood, ironwood

#### Translations
### References

* Carpinus caroliniana on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* American hornbeam on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Carpinus caroliniana on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# җылы
## Tatar
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yïlïg. Cognate to Bashkir йылы (yılı), etc.

### Adjective

җылы • (cılı)
* warm
# bekymmersfriaste
## Swedish
### Adjective

bekymmersfriaste
* attributive superlative degree of bekymmersfri
# estoire
## Old French
### Etymology 1

From Latin historia.

#### Alternative forms

* historie

#### Noun

estoire oblique singular, f (oblique plural estoires, nominative singular estoire, nominative plural estoires)
* history
** c. 1180,, Chrétien de Troyes, Perceval ou le conte du Graal:La senestre, selonc l'estoire, senefie la vainne gloire qui vint de fause ypocrisie. Et la destre, que senefie ? Charité, qui de sa bone oevre pas ne se vante, ençois la coevre[.]The left, according to history Represents vainglory Which comes from false hypocrisy And the right, what does that represent? Charity, which does not boast about its good work
* story; tale

##### Descendants

* Anglo-Norman: estorie (see there for further descendants)
* French: histoire, hîtoire (obsolete)
** Haitian Creole: istwa
* Gallo: istoèrr
* Norman: histouaire, histouaithe (Jersey), histouère (continental Normandy), istwer (Sark), histouère, istwer
* → Middle English: historie (see there for further descendants)

### Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek στόλιον (stólion), diminutive of στολή (stolḗ, “equipment”).

#### Noun

estoire ?
* Alternative form of estoile (“war provision”)

### References

* ↑ Euren, S. F. (1896) chapter 2, in Étude sur l'r français‎, Upsala: Imprimerie Almquist & Wiksell, page 22

## Portuguese
### Verb

estoire
* inflection of estoirar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
# underdramatise
## English
### Etymology

From under- +‎ dramatise.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Verb

underdramatise (third-person singular simple present underdramatises, present participle underdramatising, simple past and past participle underdramatised)
* Alternative form of underdramatize
# محسوس
## Arabic

* Root
* ح س س (ḥ s s)
* 12 terms

### Etymology

Derived from the passive participle of حَسَّ (ḥassa, “to feel”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maħ.suːs/
* Rhymes: -uːs

### Adjective

مَحْسُوس • (maḥsūs)
* felt, sensed, perceived
* perceptible

#### Descendants

* → Persian: محسوس (maḥsūs)
** → Urdu: محسوس (mahsūs)
* → Ottoman Turkish: محسوس (mahsûs)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian محسوس (maḥsūs), itself from Arabic مَحْسُوس (maḥsūs).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /məɦ.suːs/, [mɛɦ.suːs]
* (Punjabic Urdu) IPA: [mə.suːs]
* Rhymes: -uːs
* Hyphenation: مَحْ‧سُوس

### Adjective

مَحْسُوس • (mahsūs) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling महसूस)
* felt, sensed, perceived

### Further reading

* “محسوس”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “محسوس”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “محسوس”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
# pseudovascular
## English
### Etymology

From pseudo- +‎ vascular.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

pseudovascular (not comparable)
* Apparently, but not actually, vascular
# verificationism
## English
### Etymology

From verification +‎ -ism.

### Noun

verificationism (usually uncountable, plural verificationisms)
* (philosophy) Belief in the verifiability principle.

#### Related terms

* verificationist
# kwama
## Swahili
### Etymology

-kwaa (“to stumble”) +‎ -ama.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-kwama (infinitive kukwama)
* to be stranded
* to be stuck
* to be deadlocked

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -kwama :
| Positive present | -nakwama |
| Subjunctive | -kwame |
| Negative | -kwami |
| Imperative singular | kwama |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kukwama |
| Negative | kutokwama |
Imperatives :
| Singular | kwama |
| Plural | kwameni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hukwama |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -likwama |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kukwama |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -takwama |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -takwama |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sikwame |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngekwama |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singekwama |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalikwama |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalikwama |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mekwama |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshakwama |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jakwama |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kikwama |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipokwama |
| Consecutive | kakwama / positive subject concord + -kakwama |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kakwame |
| Object concord | — |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :