# imbuo
## Latin
### Etymology

Back-formation from the past participle imbūtus, itself from Proto-Italic *enðūtos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-dʰh₁-u-h₁-tós, an instrumental-based participial derivative of *h₁en (“in”) +‎ *dʰeh₁- (“to do, place”) +‎ *-us +‎ *-tós.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈim.bu.oː/, [ˈɪmbuoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈim.bu.o/, [ˈimbuo]

### Verb

imbuō (present infinitive imbuere, perfect active imbuī, supine imbūtum); third conjugation
* to wet, moisten, dip
    Synonyms: rigō, perfundō
    Antonyms: siccō, dūrō
** c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 4.13–21:Amastri Pontica et Cytōre buxifer, tibi haec fuisse et esse cognitissima ait phasēlus; ultimā ex orīgine tuō stetisse dīcit in cacūmine, tuō imbuisse palmulās in aequore, et inde tot per impotentia freta erum tulisse, laeva sīve dextera vocāret aura, sīve utrumque Iuppiter simul secundus incidisset in pedem.Pontic Amastris and boxwood-bearing Cytorus, to you to have been and to be most acquainted claims the phaselus; from the first origin to have stood on your mountaintop, in your water to have dipped the shears, and thence over so many powerless waves to have taken the master, whether a left- or right-hand breeze called, or whichever sheet Jupiter came astern at the same time on.
** 9 CE, Ovid, The Ibis 223–228:Prōtinus Eumenidēs lāvēre palūstribus undīs, quā cava dē Stygiīs flūxerat unda vadīs, pectoraque ūnxērunt Ērebeae felle colubrae terque cruentātās increpuēre manūs, gutturaque inbuērunt īnfantia lacte canīnō: hic prīmus puerī vēnit in ōra cibus.Immediately the Furies washed him in the marshy waters, where the hollow wave flowed from the ford of the Styx and anointed his chest with the venom of a serpent from Erebus and thrice clapped their bloodied hands and moistened the infant throat with dog milk: this food came first into the child's mouth.
* to fill, tinge, stain, taint, infect, imbue
    Synonyms: impleō, expleō, compleō, cumulō, stīpō
    Antonyms: exhauriō, dēpleō, dēfundō
** C.E. 4th C., Nonius Marcellus (author), W. M. Lindsay (editor), Dē compendiōsā doctrīnā (1903), page 838:
    Inbuere cōnsuētūdō indūcere extimat, cum sit propriē maculāre vel polluere vel īnficere. Accius Armōrum Iūdiciō: 'Inter quōs saepe et multō imbūtōs sanguine'. Īdem Melanippō: 'Crēditĭs mē amīcī morte inbūtūrum manūs?'
       To imbue is usually taken to mean specifically to stain or soil or tinge. Accius in The Trial of Weapons: 'Amongst them oft too tainted with much blood'. The same in Melanippus: 'You think I'm going to stain my hands with the blood of a friend?'
* to accustom or impress early, inspire, imbue
    Synonyms: īnspīrō, perfundō
** c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 5.78:Aegyptiōrum mōrem quis ignōrat? quōrum inbūtae mentēs prāvitātis errōribus quamvīs carnificīnam prius subierint quam ībim aut aspidem aut faelem aut canem aut corcodillum violent, quōrum etiamsī inprūdentēs quippiam fēcerint, poenam nūllam recūsent.Who doesn't know the custom of the Egyptians? whose minds accustomed to delusions of wrongness would rather undergo as much torture as you want than desecrate the ibis or the asp or the cat or the crocodile, and to whom, even if one inadvertently did something to, he would not refuse any punishment.
* to do something for the first time, set the example
** 30 BCE – 16 BCE, Propertius, Elegies 4.10.5–8:Imbuis exemplum prīmae tū, Rōmule, palmae huius, et exuviō plēnus ab hoste redīs, tempore quō portās Caenīnum Acrōna petentem victor in ēversum cuspide fundis equum.You set the example, Romulus, of the first prize, and return loaded with spoils from the enemy, at the time when the Caenine Acron going for the gates you kill with a spear upon his fallen horse.
* to instruct, initiate, train to a degree; familiarise
    Synonyms: īnstruō, doceō, discō, ēducō, ērudiō, ēdoceō, magistrō, fingō
** 20 BCE – 14 BCE, Horace, Epistles 2.2.1–9:Flōre, bonō clārōque fidēlis amīce Nerōnī, sī quis forte velit puerum tibi vēndere nātum Tībure vel Gabiīs, et tēcum sīc agat: 'Hīc et candidus et tālōs ā vertice pulcher ad īmōs fīet eritque tuus nummōrum mīlibus octō, verna ministeriīs ad nūtūs aptus erīlīs, litterulīs Graecīs imbutūs, idōneus artī cuilibet; argillā quidvīs imitāberis ūdā; quīn etiam canet indoctum sed dulce bibentī. […] 'Florus, faithful friend to the good and famous Tiberius Claudius Nero, if someone by chance wanted to sell you a slave born at Tibur or Gabii, and dealt with you thus: 'This one will become white and beautiful from top to the lowest ankles and will be yours for eight thousand sesterces, a home-born slave apt for tasks at the master's nod, somewhat initiated in Greek learning, fitting for any trade; you'll model whatever you will in wet clay; moreover, he'll also sing, artlessly but sweetly, to you when you drink. […]
** c. 102 CE, Tacitus, Dialogus de oratoribus 19.5: […] vix in cortīnā quisquam adsistat quīn elementīs studiōrum, etsī nōn instrūctus, at certē imbūtus sit […] […] hardly does anyone stand in the circle of hearers who isn't, if not instructed, but surely familiarised with the elements of study […]

#### Descendants

* Catalan: imbuir
* Italian: imbuire
* Galician: imbuír
* Portuguese: imbuir
* Spanish: imbuir
* → English: imbue

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “imbuō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 299

### Further reading

* “imbuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “imbuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* imbuo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to be imbibing false opinions: opinionibus falsis imbui to receive the first elements of a liberal education: primis litterarum elementis imbui to inspire with religious feeling, with the fear of God: imbuere (vid. sect. VII. 7, note imbuere...) pectora religione

## Portuguese
### Verb

imbuo
* first-person singular present indicative of imbuir