# -sz
## Dutch
### Suffix

-sz
* Alternative form of -s (“patronymic suffix”)

#### Derived terms
## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [s]

### Suffix

-sz
* (personal suffix) Forms the second-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
    ‎tud (“can”) + ‎-sz → ‎tudsz (“you can”)
    Tudsz segíteni? ― Can you help?
* (obsolete frequentative verb-forming suffix) It was later reinterpreted as a present-tense marker, and eventually as a part of the stem. Sometimes it is one of several suffixes, such as in -szik and in -szkodik​/​-aszkodik​/​-eszkedik (qq.v.). Its frequentative sense is still perceptible in verbs suffixed with -ászik​/​-észik.
    Individual verbs: metsz (“to cut, incise”), uszít (“to instigate”), vonszol (“to drag/lug”), edz (et + sz) (“to train/harden”) etc.
    sz-inserting v-stem verbs: tesz (“to do; to put”), lesz (“to become; will be”), vesz (“to take/get”), visz (“to take/carry”), hisz (“to believe”), eszik (“to eat”), iszik (“to drink”), alszik (“to sleep”), fekszik (“to lie/recline”), nyugszik (“to rest/repose”)
* (nominal-forming suffix) See -asz/-esz.

#### Usage notes

| Person | Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | Front vowel |
| Person | Person | Back vowel | unrounded | rounded |
| én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
| én | -ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm |
| te | 2nd person singular | -sz | -sz | -sz |
| te | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | -esz |
| te | after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl |
| ő maga ön | 3rd person singular | – | – | – |
| ő maga ön | -ik verbs | -ik | -ik | -ik |
| mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | -ünk |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
| ti | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök |
| ők maguk önök | 3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | -nek |
| ők maguk önök | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | -enek |
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |||||
* (personal suffix) Variants:
    -sz added to verbs not in the categories listed below
       ‎vár (“to wait”) + ‎-sz → ‎vársz (“you wait, you are waiting”)
    -asz added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
       ‎hall (“to hear”) + ‎-asz → ‎hallasz (“you hear, you are hearing”)
       ‎tanít (“to teach”) + ‎-asz → ‎tanítasz (“you teach, you are teaching”)
    -esz added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
       ‎dönt (“to decide”) + ‎-esz → ‎döntesz (“you decide, you are deciding”)
       ‎segít (“to help”) + ‎-esz → ‎segítesz (“you help, you are helping”)
    -ol added to back-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
       ‎olvas (“to read”) + ‎-ol → ‎olvasol (“you read, you are reading”)
    -el added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
       ‎vesz (“to buy”) + ‎-el → ‎veszel (“you buy, you are buying”)
    -öl added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
       ‎főz (“to cook”) + ‎-öl → ‎főzöl (“you cook, you are cooking”)

### References

* 1 2 3 -sz in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)