# गुण
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुण (guṇá).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɡʊɳ/, [ɡʊ̃ɳ]

### Noun

गुण • (guṇ) m (Urdu spelling گُن)
* quality, condition
    उसके कोई अच्छे गुण हैं ही नहीं।uske koī acche guṇ ha͠i hī nahī̃.He has no good qualities at all.
* characteristic, property
* merit, virtue

#### Alternative forms

* गुन (gun) — Braj Bhāshā, dated

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुण (guṇá).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡuɳ/, [ɡuːɳ]

### Noun

गुण • (guṇ) m
* (good) quality,
* attribute, property
* excellence, merit, virtue
* benefit, advantage, good, gain
* product, effect, matter (produced or resulting)
* marks

#### Declension
### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “गुण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “गुण”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

## Old Gujarati
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुण (guṇá).

### Noun

गुण • (guṇa) m
* virtue

#### Descendants

* Gujarati: ગુણ (guṇ)

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* guṇa (Latin script)
* 𑀕𑀼𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* গুণ (Bengali script)
* ගුණ (Sinhalese script)
* ဂုဏ or ၷုꧣ (Burmese script)
* คุณ or คุณะ (Thai script)
* ᨣᩩᨱ (Tai Tham script)
* ຄຸຓ or ຄຸຓະ (Lao script)
* គុណ (Khmer script)
* 𑄉𑄪𑄕 (Chakma script)

### Noun

गुण m
* Devanagari script form of guṇa (“string”)
* Devanagari script form of guṇa (“quality”)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* গুণ (Assamese script)
* ᬕᬸᬡ (Balinese script)
* গুণ (Bengali script)
* 𑰐𑰲𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀕𑀼𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* ဂုဏ (Burmese script)
* ગુણ (Gujarati script)
* ਗੁਣ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌗𑍁𑌣 (Grantha script)
* ꦒꦸꦟ (Javanese script)
* 𑂏𑂳𑂝 (Kaithi script)
* ಗುಣ (Kannada script)
* គុណ (Khmer script)
* ຄຸຓ (Lao script)
* ഗുണ (Malayalam script)
* ᡤᡠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘐𑘳𑘜 (Modi script)
* ᠺᠤᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦰𑧔𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐐𑐸𑐞 (Newa script)
* ଗୁଣ (Odia script)
* ꢔꢸꢠ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆓𑆶𑆟 (Sharada script)
* 𑖐𑖲𑖜 (Siddham script)
* ගුණ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩞𑩒𑩪 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚌𑚰𑚘 (Takri script)
* கு³ண (Tamil script)
* గుణ (Telugu script)
* คุณ (Thai script)
* གུ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒑𑒳𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨍𑨃𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Of uncertain origin. The oldest attested meaning is probably “time, occurrence”, though the original meaning is probably "hair" or "string". The prevailing theory links the word to Persian گون (gun, “color; species”); see there for more. Other theories connect the word to Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰 (kunawida, “fetters”) and Avestan 𐬔𐬏𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (gūnao$^i$ti, “increases”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɡu.ɳɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɡu.ɳɐ/

### Noun

गुण • (guṇá) stem, m
* string, strand
* sinew (of a bow)
* string (of an instrument)
* time (occurrence)
** c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 10.8.43:त्रिभिर्गुणेभिर्tribhír guṇébhirthree times
* quality, property
* (grammar, ablaut) full grade of vowels, ie /a/, /ar/, /e/, and /o/ (contrasts with zero grade and lengthened grade/vṛddhi)

#### Descendants

* Pali: guṇa
** → Khmer: គុណ (kun)
** → Burmese: ဂုဏ် (gun)
** → Shan: ၵုင်ႇ (kùng)
** → Thai: คุณ (kun)
* → English: guna
* → Hindi: गुण (guṇ)
* → Marathi: गुण m (guṇ)
* → Malay: guna
** Indonesian: guna
* → Old Gujarati: गुण (guṇa)
* → Old Javanese: guṇa
** Javanese: ꦒꦸꦤ (guna)
** → Balinese: ᬕᬸᬡ (guna)
* → Telugu: గుణము (guṇamu)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “गुण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0357/1.
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “गुण”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 489
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 338