# 栴檀
## Chinese

* 栴檀

### Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit चन्दन (candana, “sandalwood”), possibly via Prakrit 𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀡 (caṃdaṇa) with syncope of the unstable final -a (see Bailey, 1946); cf. cognate in Tocharian B cantāṃ.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhāntán
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ ㄊㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zin$^1$ taan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhāntán
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ ㄊㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhantán
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^1$-tʻan$^2$
*** Yale: jān-tán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jantarn
*** Palladius: чжаньтань (čžanʹtanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵ tʰän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zin$^1$ taan$^4$
*** Yale: jīn tàahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzin$^1$ taan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jin$^1$ tan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːn⁵⁵ tʰaːn²¹/
* Middle Chinese: tsyen dan
Rime :
| Character | 栴 | 檀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 諸延切 | 徒干切 |
| Baxter | tsyen | dan |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇn/ | /dɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛn/ | /dɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjæn/ | /dɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cian/ | /dan/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛn/ | /dɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛn/ | /dɑn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛn/ | /dʱɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhān | tán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zin$^1$ | taan$^4$ |

### Noun

栴檀
* sandalwood
* bead tree

#### Synonyms

* (sandalwood): 檀香 (tánxiāng)
* (bead tree):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 楝, 楝樹, 苦楝, 苦楝樹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 苦楝, 苦楝樹, 楝樹, 苦苓 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 苦楝子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 苦楝子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 楝樹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 苦楝子樹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 楝棗子, 楝棗樹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 苦楝子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 楝樹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 苦楝子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 苦楝樹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 楝樹, 苦楝樹, 苦楝 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 楝樹, 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 古楝 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 火楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 火楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 苦楝, 森木 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 苦林森 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 火楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 森木樹 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 火楝杵 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 苦楝森 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 苦楝森 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 禾鐮樹 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 苦楝木 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 苦楝子樹 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 苦楝樹 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 苦楝子樹 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 苦楝樹 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 苦楝樹 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 苦楝樹 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 苦楝樹 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 鴨仔樹 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 苦楝 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 苦楝樹, 麻風樹 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 苦楝樹 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 苦楝樹, 苦楝 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 苦楝 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 苦楝樹, 苦楝 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 苦楝樹, 苦楝 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 苦楝樹, 苦楝 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 苦楝樹, 苦楝 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 苦楝樹 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 苦楝樹 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 楝少仔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 苦楝仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 苦楝仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 苦楝仔 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 苦楝樹 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 苦楝樹 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 森木 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 森木, 森木樹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 苦楝根 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 楝樹 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 楝樹 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 楝樹 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 楝樹 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 苦楝樹 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 楝樹 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 苦楝子樹 |

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 栴 | 檀 |
| せん Hyōgai | だん Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi | goon |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せんだん [sèńdáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sẽ̞ndã̠ɴ]

### Noun

栴(せん)檀(だん) or 栴檀(センダン) • (sendan)
* bead tree (Melia azedarach)
    Synonym: 楝 (ōchi)
* Synonym of 白檀 (byakudan, “white sandalwood, Santalum album”)

#### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

#### See also

* 苦楝子(くれんし) (kurenshi)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 栴 | 檀 |

### Noun

栴檀 • (jeondan) (hangeul 전단)
* hanja form of 전단 (“(Buddhism) sandalwood”)