# 熟

| 熟 | U+719F, &#29087; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-719F |
| ← 熞 [U+719E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 熠 → [U+71A0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

熟 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜戈火 (YIF), four-corner 0533$_1$, composition ⿱孰灬)

#### Derived characters

* 𰃁, 𤒙

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 680, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19332
* Dae Jaweon: page 1091, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2231, character 3
* Unihan data for U+719F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 熟 | *djɯwɢ |
| 孰 | *djɯwɢ |
| 塾 | *djɯwɢ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯwɢ) : phonetic 孰 (OC *djɯwɢ, “cooked; ripe”) + semantic 灬 (“fire”) – cooked with fire.

### Etymology

Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Proto-Kiranti (*tʰok ~ tʰuk, "ripen; cooked") (Schuessler, 2007)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shú, shóu
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˊ, ㄕㄡˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): su$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): suk$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): suuk$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): su̍k
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sug$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): sueh$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sṳ̆k
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soeh$^7$ / syeh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): se̍k / sia̍k / sio̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sêg$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zoq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shou$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, literary; standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shú
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shú
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^2$
*** Yale: shú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shwu
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, colloquial; standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shóu
*** Wade–Giles: shou$^2$
*** Yale: shóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shour
*** Palladius: шоу (šou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂoʊ̯³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: su$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: su
*** Sinological IPA : /su²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: suk$^6$
*** Yale: suhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: suk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊk̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: suuk$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵk̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: su̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: sug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /suk̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /sʊk̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: sueh$^5$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /suəʔ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̆k
*** Sinological IPA : /syʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: soeh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬœʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syeh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyøʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k
*** Tâi-lô: si̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sek
*** IPA (Singapore): /sek̚⁴³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: sia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siak̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: sio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔk̚⁴/
* se̍k/sia̍k - vernacular (“ripe; cooked; processed; familiar with; practiced; ”);
* sio̍k - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit熟 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂou³⁵/ /ʂu³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʂou²⁴/ /ʂu²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʂou⁴⁵/ /sou⁴⁵/ /su⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʂu⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʃu⁴²/ ～了 /ʂu⁴²/ ～悉 |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʂu⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /fu²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /fv̩²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʂu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /fu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʂu⁵¹/ /fu⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /səu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /su³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /su²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʂu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʂuʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʂuəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /suəʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /suʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /suəʔ⁴³/ ～悉 /səu³¹/ 飯～ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zoʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zoʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /zoʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /jɤu²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /su²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕiu¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʂəu²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ʂəɯ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /suʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /suk̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʃuk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sok̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /suk̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /suk̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /siɔk̚⁵/ /sik̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /syʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sy⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sek̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /sok̚⁵/ /tiak̚³/ |
* Middle Chinese: dzyuwk
Rime :
| Character | 熟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 殊六切 |
| Baxter | dzyuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑuwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭuk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʑi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | suk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]uk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djɯwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 熟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]uk/ |
| English | cooked, ripe |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 熟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11797 |
| Phonetic component | 孰 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 熟 |
| Old Chinese | /*djɯwɢ/ |

### Definitions

熟
* (of fruits, etc.) ripe
    香蕉熟了沒？／香蕉熟了没？ ― Xiāngjiāo shóu le méi? ― Have the bananas ripened?
* (of cooked dishes, etc.) cooked; done
       Miàntiáo bùyào zhǔ tài shóu. [Pinyin]
       Do not overcook the noodles.
* processed
    熟鐵／熟铁 ― shútiě ― wrought iron
* familiar with; well-acquainted with
       Wǒ gēn tā bù tài shóu. [Pinyin]
       I'm not that well-acquainted with him/her.
       nei$^5$ tung$^4$ keoi$^5$ suk$^6$ m$^4$ suk$^6$ gaa$^3$? [Jyutping]
       Are you well-acquainted with him/her?
       ngo$^5$ m$^4$ hai$^6$ taai$^3$ suk$^6$ ni$^1$ tau$^4$ di$^1$ lou$^6$. [Jyutping]
       I'm not familiar with the roads in this area.
* practiced
    把曲子練熟／把曲子练熟 ― bǎ qǔzi liàn shú ― to practise this piece well
* sound; deep
    深思熟慮／深思熟虑 ― shēnsīshúlǜ ― to deliberate carefully
    貓咪睡得很熟。／猫咪睡得很熟。 ― Māomī shuì de hěn shú. ― The cat is sleeping soundly.
* (historical ethnography) civilized; settled
    熟黎 ― shú lí ― civilized Li
* (Hokkien) crop harvest
    秋熟 [Hokkien] ― chhiu se̍k [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― autumn harvest

#### Compounds

* 一成熟 (yīchéngshú)
* 七成熟 (qīchéngshú)
* 三成熟 (sānchéngshú)
* 不熟 (bùshú)
* 乍熟
* 五成熟 (wǔchéngshú)
* 五熟行
* 倒熟
* 倒熟話／倒熟话
* 催熟 (cuīshú)
* 全熟 (quánshú)
* 兼權熟計／兼权熟计
* 半熟茶
* 半生不熟 (bànshēngbùshú)
* 半生半熟
* 善馬熟人／善马熟人
* 圓熟／圆熟 (yuánshú)
* 大熟
* 嫻熟／娴熟 (xiánshú)
* 情熟
* 慣熟／惯熟
* 成熟 (chéngshú)
* 成熟期 (chéngshúqī)
* 托熟
* 摸手熟
* 攀親託熟／攀亲托熟
* 早熟 (zǎoshú)
* 早熟兒童／早熟儿童
* 晚熟 (wǎnshú)
* 未熟兒／未熟儿
* 果熟自落
* 水泥熟料
* 深思熟慮／深思熟虑
* 滑熟
* 滾瓜爛熟／滚瓜烂熟 (gǔnguālànshú)
* 炊熟
* 熟事 (shúshì)
* 熟人 (shúrén)
* 熟似 (se̍k-sāi)
* 熟分
* 熟切店
* 熟化
* 熟商量
* 熟嘴
* 熟土 (shútǔ)
* 熟地 (shúdì)
* 熟套
* 熟套子
* 熟嫻／熟娴 (shúxián)
* 熟字 (shúzì)
* 熟客 (shúkè)
* 熟年
* 熟思 (shúsī)
* 熟悉 (shúxī, “familiar”)
* 熟慣／熟惯
* 熟慮／熟虑 (shúlǜ)
* 熟手 (shúshǒu)
* 熟料材兒／熟料材儿
* 熟會／熟会
* 熟水
* 熟滑
* 熟炭
* 熟番 (shúfān)
* 熟皮
* 熟睡 (shúshuì)
* 熟知 (shúzhī)
* 熟石灰 (shúshíhuī)
* 熟石膏
* 熟視／熟视 (shúshì)
* 熟視無睹／熟视无睹 (shúshìwúdǔ)
* 熟稔 (shúrěn)
* 熟精
* 熟紙／熟纸
* 熟絡／熟络 (shúluò)
* 熟練／熟练 (shúliàn)
* 熟羅／熟罗
* 熟習／熟习 (shúxí)
* 熟能生巧 (shúnéngshēngqiǎo)
* 熟腳／熟脚
* 熟臉兒／熟脸儿
* 熟苗
* 熟荒
* 熟茶
* 熟菜
* 熟落 (shúluò)
* 熟藥／熟药
* 熟記／熟记 (shújì)
* 熟話／熟话
* 熟語／熟语 (shúyǔ)
* 熟諳／熟谙 (shú'ān)
* 熟識／熟识 (shúshí)
* 熟讀／熟读
* 熟讀玩味／熟读玩味
* 熟讀精思／熟读精思
* 熟貨／熟货
* 熟路 (shúlù)
* 熟路輕車／熟路轻车
* 熟路輕轍／熟路轻辙
* 熟銅／熟铜
* 熟鐵／熟铁 (shútiě)
* 熟門熟路／熟门熟路 (shúménshúlù)
* 熟間／熟间
* 熟閑／熟闲
* 熟面人
* 熟食 (shúshí)
* 熟魏生張／熟魏生张
* 爛熟／烂熟 (lànshú)
* 瓜熟蒂落
* 生張熟魏／生张熟魏
* 相熟 (xiāngshú)
* 眾所熟知／众所熟知
* 眼熟 (yǎnshú)
* 精熟
* 純熟／纯熟 (chúnshú)
* 羊胛熟
* 習熟／习熟
* 耳熟 (ěrshú)
* 耳熟能詳／耳熟能详 (ěrshúnéngxiáng)
* 背熟
* 腐熟
* 蕃熟 (fánshú)
* 豐熟／丰熟 (fēngshú)
* 趁熟
* 軟熟／软熟 (ruǎnshú)
* 輕車熟路／轻车熟路
* 鄰熟／邻熟
* 面熟 (miànshú)
* 面生不熟
* 飛熟／飞熟
* 駕輕就熟／驾轻就熟 (jiàqīngjiùshú)
* 黃熟／黄熟

#### Synonyms

* (familiar):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 熟悉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 熟悉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 熟悉, 熟 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 熟 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 熟似 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 熟似 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 熟悉 |
* (practiced):
* 嫻／娴 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
* 嫻熟／娴熟 (xiánshú) (formal)
* 熟嫻／熟娴 (shúxián) (literary)
* 熟手 (Hokkien, mainland China)
* 熟練／熟练 (shúliàn)
* 純／纯
* 純熟／纯熟 (chúnshú)
* (deep):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 沉, 熟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 死, 實 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 沉, 熟 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 淰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 淰 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 淰 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 沉 |

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “civilized”): 生 (shēng)

#### Descendants

* → Thai: สุก (sùk)
* → Zhuang: sug

### Further reading

* “熟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

#### Southern Min

* “Entry #11221”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* boil
* ripen
* a complete state

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅく (juku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しゅく (shuku)
* Kun: うれる (ureru, 熟れる, Jōyō)、こなす (konasu, 熟す)、にる (niru, 熟る)、つらつら (tsuratsura, 熟)、つくづく (tsukuzuku, 熟)

## Korean
### Hanja

熟 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk, Yale swuk)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

熟: Hán Nôm readings: thục
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.