# 違反
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wéifǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ ㄈㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wai$^4$ faan$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vì-fán
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ûi-hoán
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wéifǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ ㄈㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wéifǎn
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^2$-fan$^3$
*** Yale: wéi-fǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weifaan
*** Palladius: вэйфань (vɛjfanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯³⁵ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^4$ faan$^2$
*** Yale: wàih fáan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^4$ faan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^4$ fan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯²¹ faːn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vì-fán
*** Hakka Romanization System: vi$^ˇ$ fan$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vi$^2$ fan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /vi¹¹ fan³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-hoán
*** Tâi-lô: uî-huán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ui'hoarn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ui²⁴⁻²² huan⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴⁻²² huan⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³⁻²² huan⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ui²⁴⁻¹¹ huan⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³⁻³³ huan⁴¹/

### Verb

違反
* to violate; to run counter to; to transgress; to infringe; to breach; to break; to go against
    違反校規／违反校规 ― wéifǎn xiàoguī ― to breach school regulations
    違反醫囑／违反医嘱 ― wéifǎn yīzhǔ ― to be against medical advice
    違反交通規則／违反交通规则 ― wéifǎn jiāotōng guīzé ― to violate traffic regulations

#### Usage notes

* Commonly collocates with 原則／原则 (yuánzé), 規章／规章 (guīzhāng) and 制度 (zhìdù).

#### Synonyms

* 乖 (guāi) (literary, or in compounds)
* 犯 (fàn)
* 破壞／破坏 (pòhuài)
* 背離／背离 (bèilí)
* 違背／违背 (wéibèi)

#### Derived terms

* 違章／违章 (wéizhāng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 違(い)反(はん) (ihan)
* → Korean: 위반(違反) (wiban)
* → Vietnamese: vi phản (違反)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 違 | 反 |
| い Grade: S | はん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いはん [ìháń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ihã̠ɴ]

### Noun

違(い)反(はん) • (ihan)
* violation

#### Derived terms

* 違反者

### Verb

違(い)反(はん)する • (ihan suru) intransitive suru (stem 違(い)反(はん)し (ihan shi), past 違(い)反(はん)した (ihan shita))
* to violate a law

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 違反し | いはんし | ihan shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 違反し | いはんし | ihan shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 違反する | いはんする | ihan suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 違反する | いはんする | ihan suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 違反すれ | いはんすれ | ihan sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 違反せよ¹ 違反しろ² | いはんせよ¹ いはんしろ² | ihan seyo¹ ihan shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 違反される | いはんされる | ihan sareru |
| Causative | 違反させる 違反さす | いはんさせる いはんさす | ihan saseru ihan sasu |
| Potential | 違反できる | いはんできる | ihan dekiru |
| Volitional | 違反しよう | いはんしよう | ihan shiyō |
| Negative | 違反しない | いはんしない | ihan shinai |
| Negative continuative | 違反せず | いはんせず | ihan sezu |
| Formal | 違反します | いはんします | ihan shimasu |
| Perfective | 違反した | いはんした | ihan shita |
| Conjunctive | 違反して | いはんして | ihan shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 違反すれば | いはんすれば | ihan sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* 違犯(いはん) (ihan)

### References

* ↑ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.