# 棚

| 棚 | U+68DA, &#26842; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68DA |
| ← 棙 [U+68D9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 棛 → [U+68DB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

棚 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木月月 (DBB), four-corner 4792$_0$, composition ⿰木朋)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 533, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14941
* Dae Jaweon: page 921, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1235, character 12
* Unihan data for U+68DA

## Chinese

* 棚

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 崩 | *pɯːŋ |
| 堋 | *pɯːŋs, *pʰɯːŋ, *bɯːŋ |
| 漰 | *pʰɯːŋ |
| 倗 | *pʰɯːŋʔ, *bɯːŋ, *bɯːŋs |
| 朋 | *bɯːŋ |
| 鵬 | *bɯːŋ |
| 棚 | *bɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ |
| 鬅 | *bɯːŋ |
| 掤 | *pɯŋ |
| 淜 | *bɯŋ |
| 輣 | *brɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ |
| 繃 | *prɯːŋ, *prɯːŋ |
| 弸 | *pʰrɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 朋 (OC *bɯːŋ)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): péng (peng$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): paang$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phàng
    (Hailu, HRS): pang
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pang$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): bàng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pêng / phêng / pîⁿ / pêⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bên$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ban
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: péng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: péng
*** Wade–Giles: pʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: péng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perng
*** Palladius: пэн (pɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɤŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: paang$^4$
*** Yale: pàahng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: paang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phàng
*** Hakka Romanization System: pang$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰaŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: pang
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰaŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰaŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bàng
*** Sinological IPA : /paŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng
*** Tâi-lô: pîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: peeng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /piɪŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phêng
*** Tâi-lô: phîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pheeng
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /pʰiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiɪŋ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pîⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: pînn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pvii
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen, Singapore): /pĩ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: pênn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pvee
*** IPA (Singapore): /pẽ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛ̃¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pẽ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bên$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pêⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /pẽ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ban
*** MiniDict: ban$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ban
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bã²³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit棚 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pʰəŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /pʰəŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /pʰəŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /pʰəŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /pʰəŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /pʰəŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /pʰəŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /pʰə̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /pʰəŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /pʰə̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /pʰɤŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /pʰoŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /pʰoŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /pʰoŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /pʰoŋ¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /pʰən²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /pʰəŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /pʰəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /pʰəŋ¹³/ /pie̞¹³/ ～子 |
| Jin | Hohhot | /pʰə̃ŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /bã²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /bɑ̃¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /boŋ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /biɛ³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /pʰʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /pʰan⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /poŋ¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /bən¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /pʰɑŋ²⁴/ 瓜～ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pʰaŋ¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /pʰɑŋ¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pʰaŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /pʰaŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /pʰaŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pʰiŋ³⁵/ /pĩ³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /paŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /paŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /pẽ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /foŋ³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: baeng, beang, bong
Rime :
| Character | 棚 | 棚 | 棚 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 並 (3) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) | 耕 (117) | 登 (129) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II | I |
| Fanqie | 薄庚切 | 薄萌切 | 步崩切 |
| Baxter | baeng | beang | bong |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bˠæŋ/ | /bˠɛŋ/ | /bəŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bᵚaŋ/ | /bᵚæŋ/ | /bəŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /baŋ/ | /bɐŋ/ | /bəŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baɨjŋ/ | /bəɨjŋ/ | /bəŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /bɐŋ/ | /bɛŋ/ | /bəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /bɐŋ/ | /bæŋ/ | /bəŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱɐŋ/ | /bʱæŋ/ | /bʱəŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | péng | péng | péng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pang$^4$ | pang$^4$ | pang$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bɯːŋ/, /*brɯːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 棚 | 棚 | 棚 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 9666 | 9672 | 9677 |
| Phonetic component | 朋 | 朋 | 朋 |
| Rime group | 蒸 | 蒸 | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 朋 | 彭 | 輣 |
| Old Chinese | /*bɯːŋ/ | /*brɯːŋ/ | /*brɯːŋ/ |

### Definitions

棚
* tent; awning (Classifier: 個／个 m; 座 m)
* shed; shack
    草棚 ― cǎopéng ― thatched shack
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) scaffolding
* (Cantonese) Classifier for teeth or bones, indicating a set.
    Synonym: 排 (pái)
       keoi$^5$ paang$^4$ ngaa$^4$ saang$^1$ dak$^1$ hou$^2$ cai$^4$. [Jyutping]
       His/her teeth are really straight.
* (Cantonese) Classifier for groups of people.
    一大棚人 [Cantonese] ― jat$^1$ daai$^6$ paang$^4$ jan$^4$ [Jyutping] ― a large group of people

### Compounds

* 余家棚 (Yújiāpéng)
* 卷棚
* 吳棚／吴棚 (Wúpéng)
* 四里棚 (Sìlǐpéng)
* 大布棚
* 大陸棚／大陆棚 (dàlùpéng)
* 天棚 (tiānpéng)
* 姚棚 (Yáopéng)
* 孤棚
* 山棚
* 工棚 (gōngpéng)
* 帳棚／帐棚 (zhàngpéng)
* 廠棚／厂棚
* 彩棚 (cǎipéng)
* 徐家棚 (Xújiāpéng)
* 捲棚／卷棚
* 搭棚 (dāpéng)
* 攝影棚／摄影棚 (shèyǐngpéng)
* 書棚本／书棚本
* 棚匠 (péngjiang)
* 棚圈
* 棚子 (péngzi)
* 棚屋 (péngwū)
* 棚戶／棚户 (pénghù)
* 棚攔／棚拦
* 棚朳
* 棚架 (péngjià)
* 棚蜘蛛
* 棚裂
* 棚規／棚规
* 棚車／棚车
* 棚鋪／棚铺
* 棚館／棚馆
* 樂棚／乐棚
* 歹戲拖棚／歹戏拖棚
* 浮棚
* 涼棚／凉棚 (liángpéng)
* 灰棚
* 爆棚 (bàopéng)
* 爬孤棚
* 牛棚 (niúpéng)
* 瓜棚
* 窩棚／窝棚 (wōpeng)
* 綵棚／彩棚
* 罩棚
* 考棚
* 聯棚／联棚 (Liánpéng)
* 腰棚
* 芭棚
* 茅草棚
* 草棚 (cǎopéng)
* 茶棚 (Chápéng)
* 草窩棚／草窝棚
* 蓆棚／席棚
* 蔭棚／荫棚
* 謝棚／谢棚 (Xièpéng)
* 趙棚／赵棚 (Zhàopéng)
* 鄧棚／邓棚 (Dèngpéng)
* 陸棚／陆棚
* 雨棚 (yǔpéng)
* 頂棚／顶棚
* 馬棚／马棚 (mǎpéng)
* 馬棚風／马棚风
* 馬面戰棚／马面战棚

### References

* “棚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “Entry #8507”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 棚 |
| Kyūjitai | 棚󠄁 棚+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 棚󠄃 棚+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* shelf

#### Readings

* Go-on: びょう (byō)、ぼう (bō)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō)、ほう (hō)
* Kun: たな (tana, 棚, Jōyō)、かけはし (kakehashi, 棚)
* Nanori: すけ (suke)、たな (tana)、ほう (hō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 棚
* たな Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. Attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling of 多奈 ⟨tana⟩. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *tana.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たな [tàná] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ta̠na̠]

### Noun

棚(たな) • (tana)
* shelf, ledge, rack, trellis

### References

* ↑ “棚”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
* ↑ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese tana”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

棚 • (bung) (hangeul 붕)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

棚: Hán Nôm readings: bằng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.