# 玳瑁
## Chinese

* 玳瑁 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 玳瑁 (Cantonese)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Attested as early as in Lu Jia (陸賈)'s New Discourses (新語 (xīnyǔ)):
* 夫驢騾駱駞，犀象瑇瑁，琥珀珊瑚，翠羽珠玉，山生水藏，擇地而居。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]夫驴骡骆驼，犀象瑇瑁，琥珀珊瑚，翠羽珠玉，山生水藏，择地而居。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Lu Jia, Xinyu (A New Discourse), c. 197 BCEFú lǘ luó luòtuó, xī xiàng dàimèi, hǔpò shānhú, cuìyǔ zhūyù, shān shēng shuǐ cáng, zé dì ér jū. [Pinyin]Donkeys, mules, camels, rhinoceroses, elephants, hawksbill sea turtles, ambers, corals, kingfishers' feathers, pearls, and jades; they are generated on mountains or stored in the seas; each chooses a place to dwell.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dàimào, dàimèi
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄞˋ ㄇㄠˋ, ㄉㄞˋ ㄇㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): doi$^6$ mui$^6$ / doi$^6$ mou$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tāi-mō͘ / tāi-pōe / tāi-pē
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàimào
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˋ ㄇㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàimào
*** Wade–Giles: tai$^4$-mao$^4$
*** Yale: dài-màu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daymaw
*** Palladius: даймао (dajmao)
*** Sinological IPA : /taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàimàor
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˋ ㄇㄠˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàimàor
*** Wade–Giles: tai$^4$-mao$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: dài-màur
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daymawl
*** Palladius: даймаор (dajmaor)
*** Sinological IPA : /taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ maʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàimèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˋ ㄇㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàimèi
*** Wade–Giles: tai$^4$-mei$^4$
*** Yale: dài-mèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daymey
*** Palladius: даймэй (dajmɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ meɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: doi$^6$ mui$^6$ / doi$^6$ mou$^6$
*** Yale: doih muih / doih mouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: doi$^6$ mui$^6$ / doi$^6$ mou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: doi$^6$ mui$^6$ / doi$^6$ mou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔːi̯²² muːi̯²²/, /tɔːi̯²² mou̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi-mō͘
*** Tâi-lô: tāi-mōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: daixmo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tai²²⁻²¹ mɔ̃²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi-pōe
*** Tâi-lô: tāi-puē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: daixpoe
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tai³³⁻²¹ pue³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tai³³⁻¹¹ pue³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tai²²⁻²¹ pue²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi-pē
*** Tâi-lô: tāi-pē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: daixpe
*** IPA (Taipei): /tai³³⁻¹¹ pe³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tai²²⁻²¹ pe²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tai³³⁻²¹ pe³³/
* Middle Chinese: dojH|dowk mwojH|mowk
Rime :
| Character | 玳 | 玳 | 瑁 | 瑁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 定 (7) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 沃 (6) | 灰 (42) | 沃 (6) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 徒耐切 | 徒沃切 | 莫佩切 | 莫沃切 |
| Baxter | dojH | dowk | mwojH | mowk |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dʌi$^H$/ | /duok̚/ | /muʌi$^H$/ | /muok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dəi$^H$/ | /duok̚/ | /muoi$^H$/ | /muok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɒi$^H$/ | /dok̚/ | /muɒi$^H$/ | /mok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəj$^H$/ | /dawk̚/ | /mwəj$^H$/ | /mawk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /dᴀi$^H$/ | /dok̚/ | /muᴀi$^H$/ | /mok̚/ |
| Wang Li | /dɒi$^H$/ | /duok̚/ | /muɒi$^H$/ | /muok̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱɑ̆i$^H$/ | /dʱuok̚/ | /muɑ̆i$^H$/ | /muok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dài | dú | mèi | mù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | doi$^6$ | duk$^6$ | mui$^6$ | muk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯːɡs mɯːɡs|muːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 玳 | 瑁 | 瑁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 14967 | 8920 | 8925 |
| Phonetic component | 弋 | 冃 | 冃 |
| Rime group | 代 | 代 | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 代 | 妹 | 瑁 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'ɯːɡs/ | /*mɯːɡs/ | /*muːɡ/ |
| Notes | 瑇字注或體見淮南子 | 見淮南子玳瑁 | 見子虛賦，漢書作毒冒 |

### Noun

玳瑁
* hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
    From: The Compendium of Materia Medica [Bencao Gangmu], by Li Shizhen, 1578 CE
    Shízhēn yuē: àn Fànchéngdà “Yú héng zhì” yún: dàimào shēng hǎiyáng shēnchù. Zhuàng rú guī yuán ér ké shāo cháng, bèi yǒu jiǎ shísān piàn, hēibái bānwén, xiàngcuò ér chéng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* shell of the hawksbill sea turtle
    From: 779 AD, 淡海三船 (Ōmi no Mifune) 《唐大和上東征傳》
    ... pútízǐ sān dǒu, qīnglián huá niàn jīng, dàimào diézǐ bā miàn, tiānzhú gélǚ èr liǎng... [Pinyin]
    […] three jars filled with seedlings of the bodhi tree, twenty stalks of the blue lotus flower, eight dishes made from the shell of the hawksbill sea turtle, two pairs of leather shoes from India […]

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 玳瑁(タイマイ) (taimai)
* → Korean: 대모(玳瑁) (daemo)
Others:
* → Vietnamese: đồi mồi

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 玳 | 瑁 |
| たい Hyōgai | まい Hyōgai |
| kan'on | goon |
* Alternative spelling
* 瑇瑁

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 玳瑁 (MC dojH mwojH).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たいまい [tàímáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ta̠ima̠i]

### Noun

玳(たい)瑁(まい) or 玳瑁(タイマイ) • (taimai)
* hawksbill sea turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata

#### See also

* 鼈甲(べっこう) (bekkō)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 玳 | 瑁 |

### Alternative forms

* 瑇瑁

### Noun

玳瑁 • (daemo) (hangeul 대모)
* hanja form of 대모 (“hawksbill sea turtle”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 玳 | 瑁 |

### Noun

玳瑁
* Nôm form of đồi mồi (“hawksbill sea turtle; liver spots”).