# 穰

| 穰 | U+7A70, &#31344; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A70 |
| ← 穯 [U+7A6F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 穱 → [U+7A71] |

## Translingual
### Han character

穰 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+17, 22 strokes, cangjie input 竹木卜口女 (HDYRV), four-corner 2093$_2$, composition ⿰禾襄)

#### Derived characters

* 𧅼

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 861, character 46
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25383
* Dae Jaweon: page 1288, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2639, character 18
* Unihan data for U+7A70

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 囊 | *naːŋ |
| 蠰 | *naːŋ, *sraŋ, *hnjaŋs, *njaŋʔ |
| 曩 | *naːŋʔ |
| 灢 | *naːŋʔ, *naːŋs |
| 儾 | *naːŋs |
| 孃 | *naŋ, *njaŋ |
| 瓤 | *naŋ, *njaŋ |
| 鑲 | *naŋ, *njaŋ |
| 釀 | *naŋs |
| 瓖 | *snaŋ, *snaŋ |
| 驤 | *snaŋ |
| 襄 | *snaŋ |
| 纕 | *snaŋ |
| 忀 | *snaŋ |
| 欀 | *snaŋ, *njaŋs |
| 饟 | *hnjaŋ, *hnjaŋʔ, *hnjaŋs |
| 攘 | *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ, *njaŋs |
| 禳 | *njaŋ |
| 穰 | *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ |
| 躟 | *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ |
| 瀼 | *njaŋ |
| 獽 | *njaŋ |
| 儴 | *njaŋ |
| 蘘 | *njaŋ |
| 鬤 | *njaŋ, *rnaːŋ |
| 勷 | *njaŋ |
| 壤 | *njaŋʔ |
| 嚷 | *njaŋʔ |
| 讓 | *njaŋs |
| 懹 | *njaŋs |
| 攮 | *rnoːŋʔ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ráng (rang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng$^4$ / joeng$^5$ / joeng$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ráng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ráng
*** Wade–Giles: jang$^2$
*** Yale: ráng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rang
*** Palladius: жан (žan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joeng$^4$ / joeng$^5$ / joeng$^6$
*** Yale: yèuhng / yéuhng / yeuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joeng$^4$ / joeng$^5$ / joeng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêng$^4$ / yêng$^5$ / yêng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːŋ²¹/, /jœːŋ¹³/, /jœːŋ²²/
* Middle Chinese: nyang
Rime :
| Character | 穰 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 汝陽切 |
| Baxter | nyang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ráng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | joeng$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njaŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 穰 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 13633 |
| Phonetic component | 襄 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 穰 |
| Old Chinese | /*njaŋ/ |

#### Definitions

穰
* stalk of grain
* (alt. form 壤) bumper harvest; abundant crops
* Alternative form of 瓤 (ráng, “pulp; flesh”)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 人煙浩穰／人烟浩穰 (rényānhàoráng)
* 浩穰 (hàoráng)
* 穰歲／穰岁
* 豐穰／丰穰
* 豚蹄穰田
* 鬧鬧穰穰／闹闹穰穰

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rǎng (rang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄤˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rǎng
*** Wade–Giles: jang$^3$
*** Yale: rǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: raang
*** Palladius: жан (žan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Middle Chinese: nyangX
Rime :
| Character | 穰 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 如兩切 |
| Baxter | nyangX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑiɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵɨaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯aŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rǎng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | joeng$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njaŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 穰 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 13645 |
| Phonetic component | 襄 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 壤 |
| Old Chinese | /*njaŋʔ/ |

#### Definitions

穰
* many; numerous
* flourishing; thriving
* a numeral that refers to 10$^{28}$ or others
* Synonym of 禳 (ráng, “to offer sacrifice to avoid calamity”)
* Alternative form of 攘 (rǎng, “to disturb”)

#### Compounds

* 人稠物穰
* 急穰穰
* 搽穰捲兒／搽穰卷儿
* 穰穰
* 紛紛穰穰／纷纷穰穰

#### See also

Chinese numerals :
| 10$^4$ | 10$^8$ | 10$^{12}$ | 10$^{16}$ | 10$^{20}$ | 10$^{24}$ | 10$^{28}$ | 10$^{32}$ | 10$^{36}$ | 10$^{40}$ | 10$^{44}$ | 10$^{48}$ |
| 萬／万 (wàn) | 億／亿 (yì) | 兆 (zhào) (Taiwan) | 京 (jīng) (Taiwan) | 垓 (gāi) | 秭 (zǐ) | 穰 (ráng) | 溝／沟 (gōu) | 澗／涧 (jiàn) | 正 (zhèng) | 載／载 (zài) | 極／极 (jí) |
| 萬／万 (wàn) | 億／亿 (yì) | 萬億／万亿 (wànyì) (Mainland China) | 億億/亿亿 (Mainland China) | 垓 (gāi) | 秭 (zǐ) | 穰 (ráng) | 溝／沟 (gōu) | 澗／涧 (jiàn) | 正 (zhèng) | 載／载 (zài) | 極／极 (jí) |

### References

* “穰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 穣 |
| Kyūjitai | 穰 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 穣)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): じょう (jō)
* Kun: ゆたか (yutaka)、わら (wara)
* Nanori: みのる (minoru)

### Proper noun

穰(じょう) • (Jō)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Hanja

穰 (eumhun 짚 양 (jip yang))
* hanja form of 양 (“rice straw”)