# 諳

| 諳 | U+8AF3, &#35571; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AF3 |
| ← 諲 [U+8AF2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 諴 → [U+8AF4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

諳 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口卜廿日 (YRYTA), four-corner 0066$_1$, composition ⿰訁音)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1171, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35736
* Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4000, character 19
* Unihan data for U+8AF3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 諳 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 諳 | *qɯːm |
| 腤 | *qɯːm |
| 嬜 | *qɯːm, *qʰaːm, *qʰrɯm |
| 喑 | *qɯːm, *qrɯm, *qrɯms |
| 揞 | *qɯːmʔ, *qrɯːms |
| 隌 | *qɯːmʔ, *qrɯm |
| 罯 | *qɯːmʔ, *qɯːb |
| 暗 | *qɯːms |
| 闇 | *qɯːms |
| 黯 | *qrɯːm, *qrɯːmʔ |
| 歆 | *qʰrɯm |
| 愔 | *qɯm |
| 韾 | *qɯm |
| 音 | *qrɯm |
| 瘖 | *qrɯm |
| 窨 | *qrɯms |
| 湆 | *kʰrɯb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯːm) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 音 (OC *qrɯm).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): ān (an$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄢ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ngan$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): am$^1$ / am$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ān
*** Zhuyin: ㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: an
*** Wade–Giles: an$^1$
*** Yale: ān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: an
*** Palladius: ань (anʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀän⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ngan$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngan
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋan²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: am$^1$ / am$^2$
*** Yale: ām / ám
*** Cantonese Pinyin: am$^1$ / am$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: em$^1$ / em$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɐm⁵⁵/, /ɐm³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: 'om
Rime :
| Character | 諳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 烏含切 |
| Baxter | 'om |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔʌm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔəm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɒm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔəm/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔᴀm/ |
| Wang Li | /ɒm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔăm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | am$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qɯːm/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 諳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15206 |
| Phonetic component | 音 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 諳 |
| Old Chinese | /*qɯːm/ |

### Definitions

諳
* to learn by heart
* to be well versed in, to know well; to be familiar with; to be fully acquainted with
       Tā shēn ān zhe wǒmen guójiā de dǐcéng shèhuì. [Pinyin]
       He has a deep understanding of the underclass of our country.
* (Sichuanese) to think, to believe

#### Compounds

* 不諳／不谙
* 不諳事務／不谙事务
* 熟諳／熟谙 (shú'ān)
* 知音諳呂／知音谙吕
* 言不諳典／言不谙典
* 諳事／谙事
* 諳分／谙分
* 諳歷／谙历
* 諳練／谙练 (ānliàn)
* 諳習／谙习 (ānxí)

### References

* “諳”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: おん (on)
* Kan-on: あん (an)
* Kun: そらんじる (soranjiru, 諳んじる)

## Korean
### Hanja

諳 • (am) (hangeul 암)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

諳: Hán Nôm readings: am
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.