# 琥珀
## Chinese
### Etymology

Probably borrowed from a language in Central Asia during the Han Dynasty; compare Middle Persian khlpʾd (kah-rubāy, “amber”).
The Book of Han:
    出封牛、水牛、象、大狗、沐猴、孔爵、珠璣、珊瑚、虎魄、璧流離。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]出封牛、水牛、象、大狗、沐猴、孔爵、珠玑、珊瑚、虎魄、璧流离。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]Chū fēngniú, shuǐniú, xiàng, dàgǒu, mùhóu, kǒngjué, zhūjī, shānhú, hǔpò, bìliúlí. [Pinyin](The country of Jibin in the Western Regions) produces bison, buffalo, elephants, big dogs (kuchis?), macaques, peacocks, jewels, corals, ambers and cat's eyes.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hǔpò
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˇ ㄆㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fu$^2$ paak$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'fu$^3$ pet$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hū-páe̤k
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hó͘-phek / hó͘-phiak
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hǔpò
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˇ ㄆㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hǔpò
*** Wade–Giles: hu$^3$-pʻo$^4$
*** Yale: hǔ-pwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huupoh
*** Palladius: хупо (xupo)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fu$^2$ paak$^3$
*** Yale: fú paak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fu$^2$ paak$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fu$^2$ pag$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuː³⁵ pʰaːk̚³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'fu$^3$ pet$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈfu²¹³⁻¹³ pʰɛt̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hū-páe̤k
*** Sinological IPA : /hu³³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(pʰ-)}$βɔyʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hó͘-phek
*** Tâi-lô: hóo-phik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hofpheg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰiɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰiɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hó͘-phiak
*** Tâi-lô: hóo-phiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hofphiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pʰiak̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: xuX phaek
Rime :
| Character | 琥 | 珀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 陌 (113) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 呼古切 | 普伯切 |
| Baxter | xuX | phaek |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /huo$^X$/ | /pʰˠæk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /huo$^X$/ | /pʰᵚak̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xo$^X$/ | /pʰak̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɔ$^X$/ | /pʰaɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /xo$^X$/ | /pʰɐk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /xu$^X$/ | /pʰɐk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xuo$^X$/ | /pʰɐk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hǔ | po |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fu$^2$ | pak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰlaːʔ pʰraːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 琥 | 珀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5231 | 200 |
| Phonetic component | 虍 | 白 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 虎 | 拍 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰlaːʔ/ | /*pʰraːɡ/ |

### Noun

琥珀
* amber

#### Derived terms

* 琥珀孫／琥珀孙
* 琥珀抱龍丸／琥珀抱龙丸 (hǔpò bàolóngwán)
* 琥珀拾芥
* 琥珀糖
* 琥珀色 (hǔpòsè)
* 琥珀詞／琥珀词
* 琥珀酸 (hǔpòsuān)
* 琥珀餳／琥珀饧

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 琥(こ)珀(はく) (kohaku)
* → Korean: 호박(琥珀) (hobak)
* → Vietnamese: hổ phách (琥珀)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 琥 | 珀 |
| こ Jinmeiyō | はく Jinmeiyō |
| kan'on ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こはく [kòhákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞ha̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

琥(こ)珀(はく) • (kohaku)
* amber (fossil resin)

#### Derived terms

* 琥(こ)珀(はく)色(いろ) (kohakuiro)
* 琥(こ)珀(はく)織(お)り (kohakuori)
* 琥(こ)珀(はく)酸(さん) (kohakusan)
* 琥(こ)珀(はく)縞(じま) (kohakujima)
* 琥(こ)珀(はく)糖(とう) (kohakutō)

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 琥 | 珀 |

### Noun

琥珀 • (hobak) (hangeul 호박)
* hanja form of 호박 (“amber”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 琥 | 珀 |

### Noun

琥珀
* chữ Hán form of hổ phách (“amber”).