OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# spruce up
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Verb

spruce up (third-person singular simple present spruces up, present participle sprucing up, simple past and past participle spruced up)
* (idiomatic) To dress or arrange smartly, elegantly, and neatly; to smarten.
* (idiomatic) To refresh, revamp; to freshen or improve something, especially its appearance.
    Fresh paint and some new curtains would do a lot to spruce up this dark room.
** 2010, Bruce Gilley, “Deng Xiaoping and His Successors (1976 to the present)”, in William A. Joseph, editor, Politics in China: An Introduction‎, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 114:Hu Yaobang was officially rehabilitated on the ninetieth anniversary of his birth in 2005 and his mausoleum in China Youth League City (Gongqingcheng) in Jiangxi province was spruced up.
** 2020 December 3, Anna Rahmanan, “Christmas trees are, indeed, more expensive this year than last”, in Time Out‎:Here's an interesting effect of a global pandemic that has forced Americans to stay home for nearly 10 months: with less vacation and dine-out options, folks have more money saved up than usual and, given the virtually endless amount of time spent staring at their own four walls, they seem to be more willing than usual to shell out some extra cash to spruce up their abodes.

#### Synonyms

* spiff up
* sprucen up
* tart up

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* super cup, supercup
# Selenga
## English
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Selenga
* A river in Mongolia and Russia, flows into Baikal Lake.
** 1841, Scanderoon - Signet:From this range another branches off at the source of the river Vitima, near 113° E. long., which runs to the south-west, separating the rivers which fall into the Amur from those which run westward to the Selenga.
** 1874, Sir Clements Robert Markham, The Geographical Magazine, page 111:The western extremity of this region, namely the territory lying to the west of the Selenga, and between the frontier and the southern end of Baikal, presents the appearance of a table-land, with a height of about 20oo feet,
** 1999, T. Petr, Fish and Fisheries at Higher Altitudes: Asia, Food & Agriculture Org., →ISBN, page 195:This migration coincides with summer floods in the Selenga. With declining water temperature the migration stops. Sturgeons have often been observed to overwinter in deep pools of the Selenga and its tributaries.
** 2017 March 13, Neil MacFarquhar, “A Russian Lake’s Future Hangs on Tourists and Toilets”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on March 14, 2017, Europe‎:The chemicals abandoned when the paper mill closed are seeping into the ground water and will eventually contaminate the lake, according to a study by the Irkutsk region’s Ministry of Natural Resources. Plans by Mongolia to dam the Selenga River, which flows into the lake, are also a Russian concern.

#### Related terms

* Novoselenginsk
* Selenginsk

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Angeles, Leganés, Neagles, Senegal
# en mouvement
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑ̃ muv.mɑ̃/

### Prepositional phrase

en mouvement
* in motion, moving
    Antonym: immobile
    être en mouvement ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    mettre en mouvement ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
# entrer en service
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑ̃.tʁe ɑ̃ sɛʁ.vis/, (more formal) /ɑ̃.tʁe.ʁ‿ɑ̃ sɛʁ.vis/

### Verb

entrer en service
* to take up one's post, to start one's new job
    Synonym: entrer en fonction

#### Derived terms

* entrée en service

#### Related terms

* mettre en service
# 그녀
## Korean
### Etymology

Calque from Japanese 彼女(か​のじょ) (ka​nojo), coined by Kim Dong-in. 그 (geu) +‎ 녀(女) (nyeo). The noun meaning was created due to the literary overtones of the pronoun, possibly with influence from Japanese 彼女(か​のじょ) (ka​nojo).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kɯɲʌ̹]
** Audio:(file)
* Phonetic hangul: [그녀]

### Pronoun

그녀 • (geunyeo) (hanja 그女)
* (literary) she
    Synonym: (literary, archaic) 궐녀(厥女) (gwollyeo)
    그녀는 힘으로는 그를 이길 수 없기에 다른 방법을 강구해야 했다.Geunyeo-neun him-euro-neun geu-reul igil su eopgi-e dareun bangbeob-eul gangguhaeya haetda.She couldn't beat him with her strength, so she had to figure out another way.
    그녀는 나에게 어떻게 수영하는지를 가르쳤다.Geunyeo-neun na-ege eotteoke suyeonghaneunji-reul gareucheotda.She taught me how to swim.
    그녀의 추억은 슬픔을 띤 것이었다.Geunyeoui chueog-eun seulpeum-eul ttin geos-ieotda.Her memory was tinged with sorrow.

### Noun

그녀 • (geunyeo) (hanja 그女)
* (rather colloquial) girlfriend; crush; a woman that one is romantically interested in
    첫눈에 반한 그녀cheonnun-e banhan geunyeothe girl that I fell in love with at first sight

### Usage notes

* While comparable to Japanese 彼女, 그녀 (geunyeo) is significantly more unnatural in speech, in both pronoun and noun senses. The pronoun in particular is almost never used in speech unless in a deliberately literary register.
* The pronoun is often followed by the topic marker 는 (neun), which makes it indistinguishable in speech from the vulgar phrase 그년은 (geunyeon-eun, “as for that bitch”), which is much more widespread in the spoken language. This may contribute to speakers avoiding the pronoun.

### References

* ↑ Chae-un Yi (이재운), Ttŭt to morŭgo chaju ssŭnŭn uri mal ŏwŏn 500-kaji (뜻도 모르고 자주 쓰는 우리말 어원 500가지), 2008, →ISBN
# adweithydd niwclear
## Welsh
### Noun

adweithydd niwclear m (plural adweithyddion niwclear)
* nuclear reactor

#### Related terms

* adwaith niwclear (“nuclear reaction”)
* gorsaf bŵer niwclear (“nuclear power station”)

### References

* Delyth Prys, J.P.M. Jones, Owain Davies, Gruffudd Prys (2006) Y Termiadur: termau wedi'u safoni; standardised terminology‎ (in Welsh), Cardiff: Awdurdod cymwysterau, cwricwlwm ac asesu Cymru (Qualifications curriculum & assessment authority for Wales), →ISBN
# adwaith
## Welsh
### Etymology

From ad- +‎ gwaith; calque of English reaction.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈadwai̯θ/

### Noun

adwaith m (plural adweithiau)
* (chemistry) reaction

#### Derived terms

* adwaith niwclear (“nuclear reaction”)
* adweithio (“to react”)
* adweithiol (“reactive; reactionary”)
* adweithiwr (“reactionary”)
* adweithydd (“reactor”)

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “adwaith”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# adwaith niwclear
## Welsh
### Noun

adwaith niwclear m (plural adweithyddiau niwclear)
* nuclear reaction

#### Related terms

* adweithydd niwclear (“nuclear reactor”)

### References

* Delyth Prys, J.P.M. Jones, Owain Davies, Gruffudd Prys (2006) Y Termiadur: termau wedi'u safoni; standardised terminology‎ (in Welsh), Cardiff: Awdurdod cymwysterau, cwricwlwm ac asesu Cymru (Qualifications curriculum & assessment authority for Wales), →ISBN
# geondþencan
## Old English
### Etymology

Equivalent to ġeond- +‎ þenċan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /je͜ondˈθen.t͡ʃɑn/

### Verb

ġeondþenċan
* to think over, consider, contemplate
** 10th century, The Wanderer:þonne iċ eorla līf · eal ġeondþenċe, hū hī fǣrlīċe · flet ofġēafon,when I think of all fighters lives, how they suddenly left halls,
** 10th century, The Wanderer:Sē þonne þisne wealsteal · wīse ġeþōhte ond þis deorce līf · dēope ġeondþenċeð, frōd in ferðe, · feor oft ġemon wælsleahta worn, · ond þās word ācwið:Then he deeply thinks over this wall-place and this dark life with wise thought, shrewd in mind, oft recalls the long bygone swarm of slaughters, and utters these words:

#### Conjugation
### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “geondþencan”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
# truc de ouf
## French
### Alternative forms

* truc de fou

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʁyk də uf/

### Noun

truc de ouf m (plural trucs de ouf)
* (informal) crazy stuff
    Synonyms: truc de dingue, dinguerie
# belucan
## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *bilūkan. Cognate with Old Frisian bilūka, Old Saxon bilūkan, and Old High German bilūhhan. Equivalent to be- +‎ lūcan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /beˈluː.kɑn/

### Verb

belūcan
* to shut in; enclose, confine
* to close
** late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
    Constantīnus hēt ǣrest manna þæt man ċirican timbrede and þæt man beluce ǣlċ dēofolġieldhūs.Constantine was the first emperor to build churches and to close every pagan temple.
* to lock up
** late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilus, Bishop"
    Uton belucan þas circan and loc geinseglian and ġe ealle siðþan waciað þreo niht wuniġende on gebedum and...Let us lock up this church, and seal the lock and do ye all afterward watch three nights, continuing in prayer and...'
* to conclude (come or bring to an end)
** c. 992, Ælfric, "The First Sunday of the Lord's Advent"
    Sē apostol belēac þisne pistol mid þissum wordum.The apostle concluded the letter with these words.
** c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of the Holy Virgins"
    Þæt godspell belȳcþ þus: "Waciaþ eornostlīċe, for þon þe ġē nyton þone dæġ ne þā tīd."The gospel concludes with this: "Keep watch, because you don't know the day or the hour."
* to include
** c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Greater Litany"
    Mid þǣre bēne hē belēac ealle þā ġelēaffullan þe þurh þāra apostola bodunge ġebugon tō Cristes ġelēafan, and ġīet būgaþ dæġhwāmlīce oþ þisse weorolde ġeendunge.With that prayer, he included all the believers who converted to Christ's religion, and will convert every day until the end of this world.
** c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
    Suī (“his”) næfþ nānne vocātīvum nāwðer ne mid Crēcum ne mid Lǣdenwarum, for þām ġesċāde þæt hit nǣre ōðrum wordum ġelīċ. Fēower fiellas hē hæfþ, and þā belūcaþ twifeald ġetæl and tō ǣlcum cynne hīe belimpaþ.Suī (“his”) has no vocative, either in Greek or in Latin, for the reason that it's not the same as other words. It has four cases, and they include both numbers and belong to each case.

#### Antonyms

* openian
* ontynan

#### Descendants

* Middle English: bilouken, belouken
** English: belock
# Peadar
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish Petur, from Latin Petrus, from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros), from πέτρος (pétros, “stone, rock”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpʲad̪ˠəɾˠ/

### Proper noun

Peadar m (genitive Pheadair)
* a male given name from Ancient Greek, equivalent to English Peter
* (biblical) Peter (Apostle)

#### Declension

First declension

### References

* ↑ Template:R:ga:Tourmakeady
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 397, page 132

## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* Peadair

### Etymology

From Old Irish Petur, from Latin Petrus, from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros), from πέτρος (pétros, “stone, rock”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpʰet̪əɾ/

### Proper noun

Peadar m (genitive Pheadair, vocative a Pheadair)
* a male given name from Ancient Greek, equivalent to English Peter
* (biblical) Peter

#### Synonyms

* Pàdraig
# self-esteem
## English
### Etymology

From self- +‎ esteem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌsɛlf.əˈstiːm/

### Noun

self-esteem (usually uncountable, plural self-esteems)
* Confidence in one's own worth; self-respect.
** 2004, George Carlin, “EUPHEMISMS: What Do You Do for a Living?”, in When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops?‎, New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 90:American companies now put a great deal of effort into boosting their employees' self-esteem by handing out inflated job titles. Most likely, they think it also helps compensate for the longer hours, unpaid overtime and stagnant wages that have become standard. It doesn't.
** 2011, Roy F. Baumeister, John Tierney, Willpower, →ISBN, pages 191–192:People with high self-esteem think they're more popular, charming, and socially skilled than other people, but objective studies find no difference.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “self-esteem”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
# ӄызыл
## Tofa
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kïŕïl. Cognates include Tuvan кызыл (kızıl).

### Adjective

ӄызыл (qïzïl)
* red
* ginger (color)

### References

* V. I. Rassadin, editor (2005), Словарь тофаларско-русский и русско-тофаларский [Tofa-Russian and Russian-Tofa dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Издательство «Дрофа» Санкт-Петербург, →ISBN, page 49
# diyakuno
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /diˈakuno/ [ˌd͡ʒaː.xʊˈn̪o]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /diˈakuno/ [ˈd̪jaː.xʊ.n̪o]
* Rhymes: -akuno
* Syllabification: di‧ya‧ku‧no

### Noun

diyákunó (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜌᜃᜓᜈᜓ)
* Alternative form of diyakono
# 베레모
## Korean
### Etymology

From 베레 (bere, “beret”) +‎ 모(帽) (mo, “hat”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pe̞ɾe̞mo̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [베레모]

### Noun

베레모 • (beremo) (hanja —帽)
* beret
    Synonym: 베레 (bere)
# şairanə
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شَاعِرَانَه (šā'irāna). By surface analysis, şair +‎ -anə.

### Adjective

şairanə (comparative daha şairanə, superlative ən şairanə)
* poetic, poetical

#### Derived terms

* şairanəlik
# šarže
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃarʒɛ]

### Noun

šarže f
* batch, lot
# sông Cửu Long
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

sông (“river”) + Cửu Long (九龍, “nine dragons”), literally “River of the Nine Dragons”, referring to the nine main distributaries of the Mekong in its lower reaches before it enters the sea.
An alternative theory holds that Cửu Long 九龍 (MC kjuwX ljowng) is essentially a disyllabified, Sino-Vietnamese phono-semantic matching of Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”), whence Modern Vietnamese sông. Although this practice is widely attested (compare Dóng vs. Phù Đổng, Giầu vs. Phù Lưu, Trèm vs. Từ Liêm), the geographical remoteness from the Vietnamese heartland (Northern and North Central Vietnam) and the rather recent settlement history of Vietnamese speakers in the region may cast some doubt on the theory.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [səwŋ͡m˧˧ kiw˧˩ lawŋ͡m˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˧˨ lawŋ͡m˧˧] ~ [səwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˧˨ lɔŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧] ~ [səwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

### Proper noun

sông Cửu Long
* The collective name for the distributaries of the Mekong River in Vietnam's territory.

#### Derived terms

* đồng bằng sông Cửu Long
# Donaustadt
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Donaustadt.

### Proper noun

Donaustadt
* The district of Vienna, Austria which currently covers the eastern quarter of that city.

### Further reading

* Donaustadt on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Category:Districts of Vienna on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## German
### Etymology

Donau +‎ Stadt

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdoːnaʊ̯ʃtat/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Donaustadt
* Donaustadt, the twenty-second district of Vienna, covering the eastern quarter of the city [post-1875]
* (archaic) Donaustadt, an area of southern Vienna located by the banks of the Danube [pre-1870]

### Noun

Donaustadt f (genitive Donaustadt, plural Donaustädte)
* city on the Danube
** (in particular) Vienna

#### Synonyms

* Wien, Donaumetropole

#### Derived terms

* Donaustädter
** Donaustädterin
* donaustädtisch

#### Related terms

* Donaueschingen, Donaustauf, Donauwörth
* Eisenhüttenstadt, Großumstadt, Karlstadt, Neustadt, Weinstadt
# morczyzna
## Polish
### Etymology

From morka +‎ -yzna.

### Pronunciation

* (Masovia):
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /mɔrˈt͡ʂɘz.na/

### Noun

morczyzna f
* (Far Masovian) storm (fine, heavy rain, lasting several days in a row)

### Further reading

* Stanisław Ciszewski (1909) “morczyzna”, in “Przyczynek do słownika gwary mazowieckiej”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 7, z. 1, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 207
# ıstılah
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish اصطلاح (ıstılah), from Arabic اِصْطِلَاح (iṣṭilāḥ). Compare Azerbaijani istilah.

### Noun

ıstılah (definite accusative ıstılahı, plural ıstılahlar)
* technical term; idiom
* a high-flown word

#### Derived terms

* ıstılahat (Arabic plural)

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ıstılah”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اصطلاح”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 128
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN, page 504
# téméraire
## French
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin temerārius.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /te.me.ʁɛʁ/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

téméraire (plural téméraires)
* rash; reckless
    courageux mais pas téméraire ― not too brave, rather cowardly (literally, “brave but not reckless”)

#### Derived terms

* témérairement

#### Related terms

* témérité

### Further reading

* “téméraire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# 小人河馬
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 小 | 人 | 河 | 馬 |
| こ Grade: 1 | ひと > びと Grade: 1 | か Grade: 5 | ば Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi | kun'yomi | on'yomi | on'yomi |
* For pronunciation and definitions of 小人河馬 – see the following entry: コビトカバ
(The following entry is uncreated: コビトカバ.)
# llygad cath
## Welsh
### Etymology

Literally, “cat's eye”.

### Noun

llygad cath f (plural llygaid cathod)
* (road transport, often in the plural) cat's eye (retroreflective stud on a road)

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “llygad”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# Natmegs
## English
### Noun

Natmegs
* plural of Natmeg
# Hull
## English
### Etymology

The town in England is Inherited from Middle English Hull, Hul, Hulle, traditionally derived from Proto-Brythonic *hʉl, from Proto-Celtic *soulos, from Proto-Indo-European *sew- (“to press”); Breeze instead suggests derivation from hula, plural of hulu (“hut”). Chaucer's Hulle (for expected *Hul, *Hule) is presumably a hypersouthernism.
The surname is either from the English town or Middle English hulle, western variant of hylle (“hill”); many other place names are ultimately from the surname.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hʌl/
* (Northern England) IPA: /hʊl/, (nonstandard) /ʊl/

### Proper noun

Hull (countable and uncountable, plural Hulls)
* A placename:
** A river in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, which flows into the Humber.
** The common name of Kingston upon Hull, a city in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.
** Hull, Quebec: The central business district and oldest neighborhood of Gatineau, Quebec, Canada.
** Any of various places in the United States:
*** An unincorporated community in DeSoto County, Florida.
*** A city in Madison County, Georgia.
*** A village in Pike County, Illinois.
*** A city in Sioux County, Iowa.
*** A town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts.
*** An unincorporated community in Emmons County, North Dakota.
*** An unincorporated community and census-designated place in Liberty County, Texas.
*** An unincorporated community in McDowell County, West Virginia.
*** A town in Marathon County, Wisconsin.
*** A town in Portage County, Wisconsin.
* (countable) A surname.

#### Derived terms

* Bishop's Hull
* Ottawa-Hull (Hull, Quebec):

#### Descendants

(Hull, Quebec):
* French: Hull, Hullois, hullois

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Andrew Breeze (2019 September 12) “Old English Hula ‘Sheds’ and Hull, Yorkshire”, in SELIM: Journal of the Spanish Society for Medieval English Language and Literature, volume 24, number 1, Universidad de Oviedo, →DOI, pages 149-156

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English Hull.

### Proper noun

Hull f
* a placename
** Various places in Canada, USA, UK
*** A district of Gatineau, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.
*** Hull, Quebec, Canada

#### Derived terms

(Hull, Quebec):
* Ottawa-Hull
* Hullois
* hullois
# тәсбих
## Bashkir
### Etymology

From Volga Turki تسبیح (täsbîx, “praise”), from Arabic تَسْبِيح (tasbīḥ, “praise”). Doublet of тиҫбе (tiśbe).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tæsˈbʲiχ]
* Hyphenation: тәс‧бих
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

тәсбих • (təsbix)
* prayer beads, rosary

#### Declension
## Kazakh

Alternative scripts :
| Arabic | ٴتاسبيح |
| Cyrillic | тәсбих |
| Latin | täsbix |
| Yañalif | təsʙix |

### Alternative forms

* таспиық (taspiyq)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic تَسْبِيح (tasbīḥ). Doublet of десбі (desbı).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tæsˈbʲix]

### Noun

тәсбих • (täsbix)
* prayer beads, rosary
# intrépide
## French
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin intrepidus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ̃.tʁe.pid/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Switzerland):(file)

### Adjective

intrépide (plural intrépides)
* intrepid, fearless

#### Derived terms

* intrépidement
* intrépidité

### Further reading

* “intrépide”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# پھل
## Punjabi
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀨𑀼𑀮𑁆𑀮 (phulla), from Sanskrit फुल्ल (phulla). Cognate with Hindustani پُھول (phūl) / फूल (phūl).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /pʰʊlːə̆/, [pʰŏlːə̆]
* (India) IPA: [fʊlːə̆]

#### Noun

پُھلّ • (phull) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਫੁੱਲ)
* flower

##### Declension
#### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “پھُل”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz, page 162
* “ਫੁੱਲ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “phulla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 511

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Sanskrit फल (phala), borrowed from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam. Cognate with Hindustani پَھل (phal) / फल (phal).

#### Noun

پَھل • (phal) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਫਲ)
* fruit
* consequence; outcome

##### Declension
#### Further reading

* Bashir, Kanwal (2012) “پھل$^1$”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press, page 162
* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “پھل”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz, page 667
* “ਫਲ਼”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “phála$^1$”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 508

## Urdu
### Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Sanskrit फल (phála), borrowed from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (“ripe fruit”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /pʰəl/
* Rhymes: -əl

### Noun

پَھل • (phal) m (Hindi spelling फल)
* (chiefly) fruit
    Synonym: ثمر (samar)
* (figuratively) reward

#### Declension

Declension of پھل :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | پھل (phal) | پھل (phal) |
| oblique | پھل (phal) | پھلوں (phalõ) |
| vocative | پھل (phal) | پھلو (phalo) |

### References

* “پھل”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “پھل”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

## Ushojo
### Noun

پھل (phal)
* a type of poetry