# 萬壽無疆
## Chinese

| | | longevity | endless; limitless |
| trad. (萬壽無疆) | trad. (萬壽無疆) | 萬壽 | 無疆 |
| simp. (万寿无疆) | simp. (万寿无疆) | 万寿 | 无疆 |

### Etymology

Occurred several times in the Classic of Poetry, for example, in poem 154 (《詩經·豳風·七月》):
    躋彼公堂，稱彼兕觥，萬壽無疆。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]跻彼公堂，称彼兕觥，万寿无疆。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's versionJī bǐ gōngtáng, chēng bǐ sì gōng, wànshòu wújiāng. [Pinyin]And go to the hall of our prince, There raise the cup of rhinoceros horn, And wish him long life, that he may live for ever.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wànshòuwújiāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˋ ㄕㄡˋ ㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maan$^6$ sau$^6$ mou$^4$ goeng$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wànshòuwújiāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˋ ㄕㄡˋ ㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wànshòuwújiang
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^4$-shou$^4$-wu$^2$-chiang$^1$
*** Yale: wàn-shòu-wú-jyāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wannshowwujiang
*** Palladius: ваньшоууцзян (vanʹšouuczjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ u³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maan$^6$ sau$^6$ mou$^4$ goeng$^1$
*** Yale: maahn sauh mòuh gēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maan$^6$ sau$^6$ mou$^4$ goeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: man$^6$ seo$^6$ mou$^4$ gêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːn²² sɐu̯²² mou̯²¹ kœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: mjonH dzyuwX|dzyuwH mju kjang
Rime :
| Character | 萬 | 壽 | 壽 | 無 | 疆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 常 (25) | 常 (25) | 明 (4) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) | 尤 (136) | 尤 (136) | 虞 (24) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open | Open | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 無販切 | 殖酉切 | 承呪切 | 武夫切 | 居良切 |
| Baxter | mjonH | dzyuwX | dzyuwH | mju | kjang |
| Reconstructions ||||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mʉɐn$^H$/ | /d͡ʑɨu$^X$/ | /d͡ʑɨu$^H$/ | /mɨo/ | /kɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mʷiɐn$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiu$^X$/ | /d͡ʑiu$^H$/ | /mio/ | /kiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miuɐn$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiəu$^X$/ | /d͡ʑiəu$^H$/ | /mio/ | /kiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muan$^H$/ | /d͡ʑuw$^X$/ | /d͡ʑuw$^H$/ | /muə̆/ | /kɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /miuɐn$^H$/ | /ʑiu$^X$/ | /ʑiu$^H$/ | /mio/ | /kiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭwɐn$^H$/ | /ʑĭəu$^X$/ | /ʑĭəu$^H$/ | /mĭu/ | /kĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯wɐn$^H$/ | /ʑi̯ə̯u$^X$/ | /ʑi̯ə̯u$^H$/ | /mi̯u/ | /ki̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wàn | shòu | shòu | wú | jiāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | maan$^6$ | sau$^6$ | sau$^6$ | mou$^4$ | goeng$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ma[n]-s [N-t]uʔ|[N-t]uʔ-s ma kaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mlans djuʔ|djus ma kaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 萬 | 壽 | 壽 | 無 | 疆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wàn | shòu | shòu | wú | jiāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjon$^H$ › | ‹ dzyuw$^X$ › | ‹ dzyuw$^H$ › | ‹ mju › | ‹ kjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.ma[n]-s/ | /*[N-t]uʔ/ | /*[N-t]uʔ-s/ | /*ma/ | /*kaŋ/ |
| English | 10000 | longevity | longevity | not have | boundary |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 萬 | 壽 | 壽 | 無 | 疆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12633 | 11707 | 11709 | 13117 | 6261 |
| Phonetic component | 萬 | 壽 | 壽 | 無 | 畺 |
| Rime group | 元 | 幽 | 幽 | 魚 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 万 | 受 | 授 | 無 | 薑 |
| Old Chinese | /*mlans/ | /*djuʔ/ | /*djus/ | /*ma/ | /*kaŋ/ |
| Notes | | | | | 同畺 |

### Idiom

萬壽無疆
* boundless longevity
    From: a slogan used during the Cultural Revolution
    Jìngzhù Máo zhǔxí wànshòuwújiāng, Lín fùzhǔxí yǒngyuǎn jiànkāng! [Pinyin]
    Long live Chairman Mao, and wish Vice Chairman Lin healthy forever!