# 箴

| 箴 | U+7BB4, &#31668; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7BB4 |
| ← 箳 [U+7BB3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 箵 → [U+7BB5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

箴 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹戈竹口 (HIHR), four-corner 8825$_3$, composition ⿱𥫗咸)

#### Derived characters

* 𢤝, 𱩺, 𫄏, 𦏣, 𨮼, 鱵, 𮬤, 𪇳, 𪉕, 𪒹, 𪈁

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 890, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26214
* Dae Jaweon: page 1318, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2990, character 3
* Unihan data for U+7BB4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 感 | *kɯːmʔ |
| 鱤 | *kɯːmʔ |
| 顑 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms |
| 轗 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms |
| 撼 | *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 憾 | *ɡɯːms |
| 喊 | *qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ |
| 緘 | *krɯːm |
| 瑊 | *krɯːm, *kjum |
| 黬 | *krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm |
| 減 | *krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ |
| 羬 | *ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram |
| 麙 | *ŋɡrɯːm |
| 咸 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 鹹 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 醎 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 諴 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 椷 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 輱 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 鍼 | *ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm |
| 箴 | *kjɯm |
| 葴 | *kjɯm |
| 鱵 | *kjum |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjɯm) : semantic 𥫗 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm) – a bamboo needle, probe.

### Etymology

Same word as 針 (OC *kjum). See there for more.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhēn (zhen$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zam$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂m
* Eastern Min (BUC): cĭng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chim / cherm / chom
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zim$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tsen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhen
*** Wade–Giles: chên$^1$
*** Yale: jēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jen
*** Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zam$^1$
*** Yale: jām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐm⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂m
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziim$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨm²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chim
*** Tâi-lô: tsim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cym
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sim⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cherm
*** Tâi-lô: tserm
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡səm³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chom
*** Tâi-lô: tsom
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zofm
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔm⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zim$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsim
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sim³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tsen
*** MiniDict: tsen$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tsen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyim
Rime :
| Character | 箴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 職深切 |
| Baxter | tsyim |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cim/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiəm/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭĕm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhēn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[k]əm/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kjɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 箴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhēn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyim › |
| Old Chinese | /*t.[k]əm/ |
| English | needle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 箴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13527 |
| Phonetic component | 咸 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 斟 |
| Old Chinese | /*kjɯm/ |

### Definitions

箴
* to admonish; to warn
* Alternative form of 針／针 (zhēn, “needle; probe”)

### Compounds

* 官箴
* 箴尹
* 箴石
* 箴規／箴规
* 箴言 (zhēnyán)
* 箴諫／箴谏

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しん (shin)
* Kan-on: しん (shin)
* Kun: いましめる (imashimeru, 箴める)、はり (hari, 箴)

#### Compounds

* 規(き)箴(しん) (kishin)
* 四(し)箴(しん) (shishin)
* 指(し)箴(しん) (shishin)
* 女(じょ)史(し)箴(しん)図(ず) (joshishinzu)
* 箴(しん)警(けい) (shinkei)
* 箴(しん)言(げん) (shingen, “proverb”), 箴(しん)言(げん) (Shingen, “Proverbs”)
* 箴(しん)砭(ぺん) (shinpen)

## Korean
### Hanja

箴 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 잠언 (箴言, jameon, “proverb”), 잠언 (箴言, Jameon, “Proverbs”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

箴: Hán Nôm readings: châm, giăm, dăm, giằm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Nôm: châm, dăm, dằm, giăm, giằm

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
* Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999