# 往

| 往 | U+5F80, &#24448; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F80 |
| ← 彿 [U+5F7F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 征 → [U+5F81] |

## Translingual
### Han character

往 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹人卜土 (HOYG), four-corner 2021$_4$, composition ⿰彳主)

#### Derived characters

* 𠉫, 𠗤, 𢛛, 𣶂, 暀, 𥆜, 𫃮, 𬻯, 𭈕, 𥯂, 𮤵, 𤷮

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 365, character 32
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10073
* Dae Jaweon: page 685, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 817, character 6
* Unihan data for U+5F80

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 往 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 暀 | *ɢʷaŋs, *ɢʷaŋʔ, *ɢʷaŋs |
| 誑 | *kʷaŋs, *ɡʷaŋ, *kʷaŋs |
| 枉 | *qʷaŋʔ |
| 往 | *ɢʷaŋ |
According to the version on bronzes, originally phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷaŋ) : semantic 止 (“foot”) + phonetic 王 (OC *ɢʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs), hence the original version is 㞷; see also the top component of 出 and 岁. Later 彳 was added to form phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷaŋ) : semantic 彳 (“walk”) + semantic 止 (“foot”) + phonetic 王 (OC *ɢʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs). Hence, the new character 𢓸 was coined.
Eventually, the right component was stylized into the unrelated 主. The fooprint pointing upwards on top became a point as in the character 之.

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-wa-ŋ (“to go; to come”). Cognate with Burmese ဝင် (wang, “to come in; to enter”), Tibetan འོང ('ong, “to come”), ཡོང (yong, “to come”). Related to 于 (OC *ɢʷa, “to go”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wǎng, wàng, wǎn, wàn (wang$^3$, wang$^4$, wan$^3$, wan$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄨㄤˇ, ㄨㄤˋ, ㄨㄢˇ, ㄨㄢˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wang$^3$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вон (von, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wong$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): uong$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): vông
    (Meixian, Guangdong): vong$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): von$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): uǎng
* Eastern Min (BUC): uōng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): óng / éng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): uang$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$uaon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): uan$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese and Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǎng
*** Wade–Giles: wang$^3$
*** Yale: wǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woang
*** Palladius: ван (van)
*** Sinological IPA : /wɑŋ²¹⁴/
** (Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wàng
*** Wade–Giles: wang$^4$
*** Yale: wàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wanq
*** Palladius: ван (van)
*** Sinological IPA : /wɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǎn
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^3$
*** Yale: wǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woan
*** Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän²¹⁴/
** (Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wàn
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^4$
*** Yale: wàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wann
*** Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän⁵¹/
* wàng - used as a preposition, not used in compounds. Also written as 望 (wàng);
* wǎn, wàn - colloquial readings used as a preposition.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit往 (來往) |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /uɑŋ²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /uaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /vɑŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /vaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /vaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /uaŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /vaŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /uɔ̃⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /vɑŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /vɑ̃⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /vɑŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /uaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /uaŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /uaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /uã̠⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /uaŋ²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /uɑ̃²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /vɒ̃⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /uɑŋ⁵³/ /uə⁵³/ ～南 |
| Jin | Hohhot | /vɑ̃⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /uɑ̃³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /uɑ̃⁵¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔuɑŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /jyɔ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /o³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /au³¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /uan⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /uɔn⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /uɔŋ²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /voŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /voŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wɔŋ²³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /wɔŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /wɔŋ¹³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ɔŋ⁵³/ /iŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /uoŋ³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /uaŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /uaŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /uaŋ²¹³/ |
* Middle Chinese: hjwangX
Rime :
| Character | 往 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 于兩切 |
| Baxter | hjwangX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦʉɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦuaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭwaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /iwaŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wǎng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wong$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢʷaŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 往 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wǎng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hjwang$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷaŋʔ/ |
| English | go to |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 往 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12760 |
| Phonetic component | 往 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 往 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷaŋ/ |
| Notes | 甲文乃從止王聲 |

#### Definitions

往
* to go to; to head for
    往返 ― wǎngfǎn ― to travel to and from
* to; towards
       Shànghǎi fēi wǎng Běijīng de hángbān [Pinyin]
       a flight from Shanghai to Beijing
    我往右拐的。 ― Wǒ wǎng yòu guǎi de. ― I turned right.
       Bùyào wǎng hé lǐ rēng shítóu. [Pinyin]
       Don't throw rocks into the river.
       Tāmen wǎng xiǎo zhèn fāngxiàng qù le. [Pinyin]
       They made their way toward the town.
* past; previous
    往事 ― wǎngshì ― past events
    往昔 ― wǎngxī ― in the past

##### Synonyms

* 向 (xiàng)

##### Compounds

* 一來一往／一来一往 (yīláiyīwǎng)
* 一如既往 (yīrújìwǎng)
* 一往情深 (yīwǎngqíngshēn)
* 一往無前／一往无前 (yīwǎngwúqián)
* 一往直前 (yīwǎngzhíqián)
* 不咎既往 (bùjiùjìwǎng)
* 不溯既往
* 不相來往／不相来往
* 不相往來／不相往来
* 交往 (jiāowǎng)
* 人來人往／人来人往
* 人來客往／人来客往
* 今來古往／今来古往
* 令人神往
* 以往 (yǐwǎng)
* 以往鑒來／以往鉴来
* 你來我往／你来我往
* 來來往往／来来往往
* 來往／来往 (láiwǎng)
* 倏來忽往／倏来忽往
* 前塵往事／前尘往事 (qiánchénwǎngshì)
* 前往 (qiánwǎng)
* 勇往直前 (yǒngwǎngzhíqián)
* 南來北往／南来北往
* 古往今來／古往今来 (gǔwǎngjīnlái)
* 向往 (xiàngwǎng)
* 否往泰來／否往泰来
* 嚮往／向往 (xiàngwǎng)
* 夙心往志
* 夢往神遊／梦往神游
* 大來大往／大来大往
* 寒來暑往／寒来暑往
* 小往大來／小往大来
* 已往 (yǐwǎng)
* 彰往察來／彰往察来
* 往事 (wǎngshì)
* 往來／往来 (wǎnglái)
* 往例
* 往來如織／往来如织
* 往初
* 往前 (wǎngqián)
* 往古
* 往古來今／往古来今
* 往哲 (wǎngzhé)
* 往常 (wǎngcháng)
* 往常間／往常间
* 往年 (wǎngnián)
* 往往 (wǎngwǎng)
* 往後／往后 (wǎnghòu)
* 往復／往复 (wǎngfù)
* 往日 (wǎngrì)
* 往昔 (wǎngxī)
* 往時／往时 (wǎngshí)
* 往生 (wǎngshēng)
* 往生論／往生论
* 往者 (wǎngzhě)
* 往返 (wǎngfǎn)
* 往還／往还 (wǎnghuán)
* 徒勞往返／徒劳往返
* 心嚮往之／心向往之
* 心往神馳／心往神驰
* 心馳神往／心驰神往
* 悠然神往
* 意往神馳／意往神驰
* 拔來報往／拔来报往
* 數往知來／数往知来
* 斷絕往來／断绝往来
* 既往不咎 (jìwǎngbùjiù)
* 日往月來／日往月来
* 日浹往來／日浃往来
* 明來暗往／明来暗往
* 暑來寒往／暑来寒往
* 暑往寒來／暑往寒来
* 有來有往／有来有往 (yǒuláiyǒuwǎng)
* 泰來否往／泰来否往
* 無往不利／无往不利 (wúwǎngbùlì)
* 熙來攘往／熙来攘往
* 獨來獨往／独来独往 (dúláidúwǎng)
* 獨往／独往
* 獨往獨來／独往独来
* 發往／发往
* 直來直往／直来直往
* 知來藏往／知来藏往
* 知往鑒今／知往鉴今
* 神往 (shénwǎng)
* 禮尚往來／礼尚往来 (lǐshàngwǎnglái)
* 禮節往來／礼节往来
* 繼往開來／继往开来 (jìwǎngkāilái)
* 英姿邁往／英姿迈往
* 英特邁往／英特迈往
* 虛往實歸／虚往实归
* 親往／亲往 (qīnwǎng)
* 觀往知來／观往知来
* 躬往
* 迎來送往／迎来送往
* 送往事居
* 送往迎來／送往迎来
* 通往 (tōngwǎng)
* 過往／过往 (guòwǎng)
* 過此以往／过此以往
* 邁往／迈往
* 鑒往知來／鉴往知来
* 鑑往知來／鉴往知来
* 長此以往／长此以往 (chángcǐyǐwǎng)
* 飛往／飞往

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kông
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông
*** Hakka Romanization System: gong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴/

#### Definitions

往
* (Hakka) towards
** 2016, 彭瑞珠, “時間停跎个所在”, in 《教育部電子報》‎, number 718:
       Ên chhai sân-táng khon kông hâ — liòng-fûng khiâng-khiâng-é sô-tén hò-pa mien, hò-pa lióng phién thièn-khiû hàn-he chhap-chhè ke vò-é, si-vì sân-kien hàn-he chhiâng-yû ke su-lìm. [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2019 December 13, “徙”, 陳美燕, 邱廉欽, Uncle Willow, Regina Grounded (lyrics), 邱廉欽 and 賴威成 (music)‎performed by 愛客樂:
       sai´ gong` ha`, goˇ ho baˇ, bag san` gong`, gan` sin` chud ngoi⁺ zong`, zaiˇ sai´ gong` chud, goˇ tai⁺ gong`, cim rhid zhag rhiu` ho´ gang` zhungˇ gaiˇ ti⁺ fong` [Taiwanese Hakka Romanization System]
       Migrating down, crossing rivers, climbing mountains, going out of the village with difficulty; then migrating out, crossing big rivers to look for a place good for farming

##### Usage notes

It is used after a verb and before a directional term, such as 上 (“up”), 下 (“down”), 出 (“out”).

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$maon
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$maon
*** MiniDict: maon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$maan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɑ̃²³/

#### Definitions

往
* (Wu) Alternative form of 望 ($^6$maon)

### References

* “往”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 往 |
| Kyūjitai | 往󠄁 往+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 往󠄃 往+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: おう (ō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: おう (ō, Jōyō)
* Kun: いく (iku, 往く)、いにしえ (inishie, 往)、さきに (sakini, 往に)、ゆく (yuku, 往く)
* Nanori: おき (oki)、なり (nari)、ひさ (hisa)、みち (michi)、もち (mochi)、ゆき (yuki)、よし (yoshi)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 往
* おう Grade: 5
* on'yomi
*/waŋ/ → /wau/ → /ɔː/ → /oː/
From Middle Chinese 往 (MC hjwangX).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞ː]

### Affix

往(おう) • (ō)
* to go to, to head for
* past, previous

### References

* ↑ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “往”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 822 (paper), page 461 (digital)
* ↑ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 520 (paper), page 273 (digital)

## Korean
### Hanja

往 (eumhun 갈 왕 (gal wang))
* hanja form of 왕 (“to go to”)

#### Compounds

* 왕래 (往來, wangnae, “traffic, coming and going”)
* 왕년 (往年, wangnyeon, “former, once”)
* 왕복 (往復, wangbok, “a round trip, going back and forth”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

往: Hán Nôm readings: vãng, vạng, vảng, vởn, váng, vãn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation