# 囪

| 囪 | U+56EA, &#22250; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56EA |
| ← 囩 [U+56E9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 囫 → [U+56EB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

囪 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹田大大 (HWKK), four-corner 2600$_0$, composition ⿱丿⿴囗⿻丿㐅 or ⿱丿⿴囗⿻㐅丿)

#### Derived characters

* 𢭇, 𤗄, 𥓁, 𦕻, 𤴙, 𥫑, 𢍍, 𠭛
* 窗, 蔥, 聰, 憁, 熜, 璁 — in traditional Chinese (Hong Kong and Taiwan), the upper right component for these characters is written 囪 instead of 囱. Note that 悤 on its own is written with 囱 as the top component.

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 217, character 13
* Dae Jaweon: page 444, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 1, page 715, character 6
* Unihan data for U+56EA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 囪 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 牎 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 窗 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 窓 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 囱 | *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloːŋ |
| 總 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 熜 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 傯 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 緫 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 揔 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 偬 | *ʔsloːŋʔ, *ʔsloːŋs |
| 囪 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 璁 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 驄 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 蔥 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 匆 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 怱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 葱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 楤 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 聦 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 繱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 騘 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 鍯 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 聰 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 愡 | *sʰloːŋs |
| 檧 | *sloːŋ, *sloːŋʔ |
| 憽 | *sloːŋ |
| 幒 | *sʰloŋʔ, *kjoŋ |
Pictogram (象形) —a window closed with a shutter, or something similar.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cōng (cong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cung$^1$ / tung$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): corng$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cong
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻung$^1$
*** Yale: tsūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsong
*** Palladius: цун (cun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cung$^1$ / tung$^1$
*** Yale: chūng / tūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsung$^1$ / tung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cung$^1$ / tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/, /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* cung1 - literary;
* tung1 - vernacular, see 煙通／烟通 (jin1 tung1).
* Middle Chinese: tshuwng
Rime :
| Character | 囪 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 倉紅切 |
| Baxter | tshuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰloːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 囪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1818 |
| Phonetic component | 囱 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 怱 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰloːŋ/ |
| Notes | 說文囪 |

#### Definitions

囪
* chimney, funnel

#### Compounds

* 煙囪／烟囱 (“chimney”)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 囪 – see 窗 (“window”). (This character is a variant form of 窗).

### References

* “囪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “囱”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 39.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): そう (sō)、す (su)
* Kun: てんまど (tenmado)、まど (mado)、けむだし (kemudashi)

## Korean
### Hanja

囪 • (chang, chong) (hangeul 창, 총, revised chang, chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, ch'ong)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

囪: Hán Nôm readings: song, thông
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.