# desmaiar
## Catalan
### Alternative forms

* esmaiar

### Etymology

Probably from Vulgar Latin *exmagāre (“deprive of power or strength”), from ex- + *magare (“to enable; empower”), from Frankish *magan, *mugan (“to be able”), from Proto-Germanic *maganą. Compare Old French esmaier, Old Occitan esmaiar, Portuguese esmagar, Spanish amagar, Spanish esmayar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [dəz.məˈja]
* IPA: (Valencia) [dez.maˈjaɾ]

### Verb

desmaiar (first-person singular present desmaio, first-person singular preterite desmaí, past participle desmaiat)
* (intransitive) to lose heart, to falter
* (intransitive, pronominal) to faint

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | desmaiar | desmaiar | desmaiar | desmaiar | desmaiar |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | desmaiant | desmaiant | desmaiant | desmaiant | desmaiant |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | desmaiat | desmaiat | desmaiada | desmaiada |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | desmaiats | desmaiats | desmaiades | desmaiades |
| person | person | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| person | person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| indicative | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| indicative | present | desmaio | desmaies | desmaia | desmaiem | desmaieu | desmaien |
| indicative | imperfect | desmaiava | desmaiaves | desmaiava | desmaiàvem | desmaiàveu | desmaiaven |
| indicative | future | desmaiaré | desmaiaràs | desmaiarà | desmaiarem | desmaiareu | desmaiaran |
| indicative | preterite | desmaí | desmaiares | desmaià | desmaiàrem | desmaiàreu | desmaiaren |
| indicative | conditional | desmaiaria | desmaiaries | desmaiaria | desmaiaríem | desmaiaríeu | desmaiarien |
| subjunctive | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| subjunctive | present | desmaï | desmaïs | desmaï | desmaiem | desmaieu | desmaïn |
| subjunctive | imperfect | desmaiés | desmaiessis | desmaiés | desmaiéssim | desmaiéssiu | desmaiessin |
| imperative | | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès |
| imperative | affirmative | — | desmaia | desmaï | desmaiem | desmaieu | desmaïn |
| imperative | negative (no) | — | no desmaïs | no desmaï | no desmaiem | no desmaieu | no desmaïn |

#### Derived terms

* desmai
* desmaiat

### Further reading

* “desmaiar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “desmaiar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* esmaiar

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese desmayar (13th century), from Old French esmaiier, from Proto-Germanic *magaz (“strong”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [desmaˈjar]

### Verb

desmaiar (first-person singular present desmaio, first-person singular preterite desmaiei, past participle desmaiado)
* (pronominal) to faint
    Synonym: desfalecer
* (intransitive) to dismay; to falter; to become discouraged; to weaken
    Synonyms: desfalecer, esmorecer

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “desmayar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “desmay”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “desmaiar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “desmaiar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “desmaiar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* esmaiar

### Etymology

Alteration of esmaiar, from Old French esmaier, from Vulgar Latin *exmagāre (“lose the strength”), from Frankish *magan (“to have strength”). Compare Galician desmaiar, Spanish desmayar and Spanish esmayar

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /dez.majˈa(ʁ)/ [dez.maɪ̯ˈa(h)], /d͡ʒiz.majˈa(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒiz.maɪ̯ˈa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /dez.majˈa(ʁ)/ [dez.maɪ̯ˈa(h)], /d͡ʒiz.majˈa(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒiz.maɪ̯ˈa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /dez.majˈa(ɾ)/ [dez.maɪ̯ˈa(ɾ)], /d͡ʒiz.majˈa(ɾ)/ [d͡ʒiz.maɪ̯ˈa(ɾ)]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /deʒ.majˈa(ʁ)/ [deʒ.maɪ̯ˈa(χ)], /d͡ʒiʒ.majˈa(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒiʒ.maɪ̯ˈa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /dez.majˈa(ɻ)/ [dez.maɪ̯ˈa(ɻ)]
* (Northern Portugal) IPA: /dɨʒ.mai̯ˈaɾ/
* (Central, Southern Portugal) IPA: /dɨʒ.mɐi̯ˈaɾ/
* Hyphenation: des‧mai‧ar

### Verb

desmaiar (first-person singular present desmaio, first-person singular preterite desmaiei, past participle desmaiado)
* (intransitive) to faint (to lose consciousness)
    Synonyms: (colloquial) desacordar, desfalecer, esvair
* (intransitive, figurative) to dishearten
    Synonyms: desanimar, esmorecer
* (intransitive, figurative) to fall asleep suddenly, usually by excessive tiredness
* (transitive) to cause a person to faint, often by drugging them and with criminal intentions

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Related terms

* desmaiado
* desmaio
* esmaecido

### References

* ↑ “desmaiar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
* ↑ “desmaiar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024