# 得罪
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dézuì
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄜˊ ㄗㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dak$^1$ zeoi$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ak$^2$ dui$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tiet-chhui
    (Meixian, Guangdong): dêd$^5$ cui$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tek-chōe / tiak-chǒe / tit-chōe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dig$^4$ zo$^6$ / dig$^4$ zuê$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dézuì → dézui (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄜˊ ㄗㄨㄟˋ → ㄉㄜˊ ˙ㄗㄨㄟ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dézue̊i
*** Wade–Giles: tê$^2$-tsui$^5$
*** Yale: dé-dzwei
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: der.tzuey
*** Palladius: дэцзуй (dɛczuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɤ³⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/ → /tɤ³⁵ d͡z̥u̯eɪ̯³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dak$^1$ zeoi$^6$
*** Yale: dāk jeuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dak$^7$ dzoey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: deg$^1$ zêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐk̚⁵ t͡sɵy̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ak$^2$ dui$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ak̚⁵⁵ tui³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tiet-chhui
*** Hakka Romanization System: died$^ˋ$ cui
*** Hagfa Pinyim: diad$^5$ cui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ti̯et̚² t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: dêd$^5$ cui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tɛt̚¹ t͡sʰuɪ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tek-chōe
*** Tâi-lô: tik-tsuē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dekzoe
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sue²²/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sue²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sue³³/
*** IPA (Singapore): /tek̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sue²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiak-chǒe
*** Tâi-lô: tiak-tsuě
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sue²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tit-chōe
*** Tâi-lô: tit-tsuē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ditzoe
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sue²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sue³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dig$^4$ zo$^6$ / dig$^4$ zuê$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tik tsŏ / tik tsuĕ
*** Sinological IPA : /tik̚²⁻⁴ t͡so³⁵/, /tik̚²⁻⁴ t͡sue³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tok dzwojX
Rime :
| Character | 得 | 罪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (131) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 多則切 | 徂賄切 |
| Baxter | tok | dzwojX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tək̚/ | /d͡zuʌi$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tək̚/ | /d͡zuoi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tək̚/ | /d͡zuɒi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tək̚/ | /d͡zwəj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /tək̚/ | /d͡zuᴀi$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /tək̚/ | /d͡zuɒi$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tək̚/ | /d͡zʱuɑ̆i$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | de | zuì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dak$^1$ | zeoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤək [dz]ˤujʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tɯːɡ zuːlʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 得 | 罪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dé | zuì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tok › | ‹ dzwoj$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁək/ | /*[dz]ˁujʔ/ |
| English | obtain | crime, offense |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 得 | 罪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2165 | 17981 |
| Phonetic component | 得 | 罪 |
| Rime group | 職 | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 德 | 辠 |
| Old Chinese | /*tɯːɡ/ | /*zuːlʔ/ |
| Notes | | 同辠 |

### Verb

得罪
* to offend; to commit a faux pas
       Rúguǒ tā dézuì le nǐ, nà tā shì yǒuzuǐwúxīn. [Pinyin]
       If he has offended you, he does not mean it.
       hou$^2$ ci$^5$ cyun$^4$ sai$^3$ gaai$^3$ dak$^1$ zeoi$^6$ nei$^5$ gam$^2$ [Jyutping]
       as if the entire world has incurred your wrath
    From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE
    Ruò chùjiā dézuì yú jiācháng, yóu yǒu línjiā suǒ bìtáo zhī. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (literary) to commit a crime; to break the law

#### Synonyms

* (to offend):
* 冒犯 (màofàn)
* 唐突 (tángtū) (literary)
* 干犯 (gānfàn) (literary)
* 得失 (déshī) (dialectal)
* 惹
* 沖犯／冲犯 (chōngfàn)
* 碰撞 (pèngzhuàng)
* 衝撞／冲撞 (chōngzhuàng)
* 觸犯／触犯 (chùfàn)
* 開罪／开罪 (kāizuì) (literary)
* (to commit a crime):
* 作案 (zuò'àn)
* 犯法 (fànfǎ)
* 犯科 (fànkē) (formal)
* 犯罪 (fànzuì)
* 獲罪／获罪 (huòzuì)
* 違法／违法 (wéifǎ)

### Interjection

得罪
* excuse me
    From: 17th century, 李漁, 《覺世名言十二樓·聞過樓第三》
    Nà rén bùyóu qíngyuàn, sāi zài tā shǒu zhōng, shuō le yīshēng “dézuì”, jìng zì qù le. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 1808, 沈復, 《浮生六記》 [Six Records of a Floating Life]
    Yú xìng shuǎngzhí, luòtuòbùjī; yún ruò fǔrú, yūjū duōlǐ. Ǒu wèi pī yī zhěng xiù, bì liánshēng dào “dézuì”; huò dì jīn shòu shàn, bì qǐshēn lái jiē. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)