# 洶

| 洶 | U+6D36, &#27958; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D36 |
| ← 洵 [U+6D35] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 洷 → [U+6D37] |

## Translingual
### Han character

洶 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水心山大 (EPUK), four-corner 3712$_0$, composition ⿰氵匈)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 622, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17417
* Dae Jaweon: page 1018, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1614, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6D36

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 洶
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 酗 | *qʰos |
| 凶 | *qʰoŋ |
| 匈 | *qʰoŋ |
| 兇 | *qʰoŋ, *qʰoŋʔ |
| 訩 | *qʰoŋ |
| 胸 | *qʰoŋ |
| 胷 | *qʰoŋ |
| 洶 | *qʰoŋ, *qʰoŋʔ |
| 恟 | *qʰoŋ |
| 詾 | *qʰoŋ, *qʰoŋʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiōng (xiong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hoeng$^1$ / hyeng$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hiong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syong
*** Wade–Giles: hsiung$^1$
*** Yale: syūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiong
*** Palladius: сюн (sjun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^1$
*** Yale: hūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hoeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hœŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hyeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hyøŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiong
*** Tâi-lô: hiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: xjowng, xjowngX
Rime :
| Character | 洶 | 洶 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 許容切 | 許拱切 |
| Baxter | xjowng | xjowngX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨoŋ/ | /hɨoŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hioŋ/ | /hioŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xioŋ/ | /xioŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /huawŋ/ | /huawŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /xioŋ/ | /xioŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭwoŋ/ | /xĭwoŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xi̯woŋ/ | /xi̯woŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiōng | xiǒng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^1$ | hung$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰoŋ/, /*qʰoŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 洶 | 洶 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13895 | 13900 |
| Phonetic component | 凶 | 凶 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 胷 | 洶 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰoŋ/ | /*qʰoŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

洶
* (of waves) turbulent; tempestuous
* roaring; uproarious

#### Compounds

* 人情洶洶／人情汹汹
* 來勢洶洶／来势汹汹 (láishìxiōngxiōng)
* 其勢洶洶／其势汹汹 (qíshìxiōngxiōng)
* 天下洶洶／天下汹汹
* 暗潮洶湧／暗潮汹涌
* 氣勢洶洶／气势汹汹
* 波濤洶湧／波涛汹涌 (bōtāoxiōngyǒng)
* 洶動／汹动
* 洶洶／汹汹
* 洶洶拳拳／汹汹拳拳
* 洶涌 (xiōngyǒng)
* 洶涌澎湃
* 洶湧／汹涌 (xiōngyǒng)
* 洶湧澎湃／汹涌澎湃

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “汹”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 266.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kun: わく (waku, 洶く)

## Korean
### Hanja

洶 (eum 흉 (hyung))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

洶: Hán Nôm readings: húng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation