# топ
## Bulgarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tɔp]

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top, “ball, clump”).

#### Noun

топ • (top) m (diminutive то́пче)
* (originally) cannonball, bullet (round projectile)
    Synonym: гюле́ (gjulé)
    → (by methonymic generalization) cannon
    хвърлям топа (idiom) ― hvǎrljam topa ― to kick the bucket (literally, “to shoot the cannonball”)
* bundle, roll, pellet, round clump
    топ харти́я ― top hartíja ― bundle of paper
    топ плат ― top plat ― roll of fabric
    топ тесто́ ― top testó ― pellet of dough

##### Usage notes

In the modern language, the two meanings of the word are often interpreted as separate lemmas, but etymologically they share the same origin.

##### Derived terms

* то́пам (tópam, “to bounce a ball”)
* то́пка (tópka, “ball”)
* топчи́я (topčíja, “artilleryman”)
* топхана́ (tophaná, “arsenal, armory warehouse”) (historical, obsolete)

##### Related terms

* топу́з (topúz, “cudgel, mace”) (historical, dialectal)

#### References

* “топ”, in Речник на българския език (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “топ”, in Речник на българския език (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
* Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1904) “*топъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ.‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 347
* Krǎsteva, Vesela (2003) “топ”, in Тълковен речник на турцизмите в българския език (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Skorpio vi, page 200

### Etymology 2

Calque of Persian رخ (rox, “battle tower”).

#### Noun

топ • (top) m
* (chess) rook
    Synonym: тур (tur)

#### See also

Chess pieces in Bulgarian · шахматни фигури (šahmatni figuri) (layout · text) :
| цар (car) | царица (carica) | топ (top) | офицер (oficer) | кон (kon) | пешка (peška) |

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from English top.

#### Adjective

топ • (top) (indeclinable)
* top, excellent, superb
    топ диви́зия ― top divízija ― highest division
    топ секре́тен ― top sekréten ― top secret

##### Derived terms

* тип-топ (tip-top, “tip-top”)

### Anagrams

* пот (pot), топ- (top-)

## Chechen
### Etymology

From Turkic, compare Azerbaijani top.

### Noun

топ • (top)
* gun
* rifle

## Kazakh

Alternative scripts :
| Arabic | توپ |
| Cyrillic | топ |
| Latin | top |

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [top]

### Noun

топ • (top)
* team, group, cluster

#### Synonyms

* (group): жиын (jiyn), лек (lek), сап (sap), тобыр (tobyr), топыр (topyr), шоғыр (şoğyr)

#### Derived terms

* топтау (toptau)
* топтама (toptama), топтамалау (toptamalau)
* топты (topty)
* топтық (toptyq)
* топшы (topşy)

## Kyrgyz
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [top]

### Noun

топ • (top) (Arabic spelling توپ)
* ball
* group, team, cluster

#### Derived terms

* топтоо (toptoo)
* топтомо (toptomo)
* топтуу (toptuu)
* топтук (toptuk)
* топчу (topcu)

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tɔp]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔp

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top).

#### Noun

топ • (top) m (relational adjective топовски)
* cannon

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English top.

#### Adjective

топ • (top) (indeclinable, not comparable)
* topnotch, great, awesome

#### Adverb

топ • (top) (not comparable)
* in a topnotch, great, awesome way

## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [top]

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch top, English top, or Low German Topp.

#### Noun

топ • (top) m inan (genitive то́па, nominative plural то́пы, genitive plural то́пов, diminutive то́пик)
* top (of the mast)
* cheese, note (pressed mass of tobacco in tobacco cutting machine)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic.

#### Interjection

топ • (top)
* stamp (sound of stamping when walking)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tôp/

### Noun

то̏п m (Latin spelling tȍp)
* cannon
* (chess) rook

#### Declension
### See also

Chess pieces in Serbo-Croatian · šahovske figure / шаховске фигуре (layout · text) :
| kralj краљ | dama, kraljica дама, краљица | top, kula топ, кула | lovac, trkač, laufer ловац, тркач, лауфер | skakač, konj скакач, коњ | pješak, pešak, pion, pijun пјешак, пешак, пион, пијун |

## Southern Altai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *top.

### Noun

топ • (top)
* (archaic) round thing

#### Derived terms

* тобук (tobuk), томук (tomuk)

### References

* Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 489