# 服役
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fúyì
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk$^6$ jik$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ho̍k-e̍k / ho̍k-ia̍k / ho̍k-ia̍h
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fúyì
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fúyì
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^2$-i$^4$
*** Yale: fú-yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwuyih
*** Palladius: фуи (fui)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu³⁵ i⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$扶翼 服役
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fuk$^6$ jik$^6$
*** Yale: fuhk yihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fuk$^9$ jik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fug$^6$ yig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊk̚² jɪk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k-e̍k
*** Tâi-lô: ho̍k-i̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hog'ek
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ iɪk̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k-ia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: ho̍k-ia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hog'iak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚²⁴⁻² iak̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k-ia̍h
*** Tâi-lô: ho̍k-ia̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hog'iah
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚⁴⁻³² iaʔ⁴/
* Middle Chinese: bjuwk ywek
Rime :
| Character | 服 | 役 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) | 昔 (124) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 房六切 | 營隻切 |
| Baxter | bjuwk | ywek |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨuk̚/ | /jwiᴇk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biuk̚/ | /jʷiɛk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biuk̚/ | /iuæk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buwk̚/ | /jwiajk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /biuk̚/ | /iuɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭuk̚/ | /jĭwɛk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯uk̚/ | /i̯wɛk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fú | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fuk$^6$ | wik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ək ɢʷek/
    (Zhengzhang): /*bɯɡ ɢʷeɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 服 | 役 |
| Reading # | 3/4 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fú | yì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjuwk › | ‹ ywek › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ək/ | /*ɢʷek/ |
| English | subdue, submit | war expedition; service |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 服 | 役 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3366 | 15006 |
| Phonetic component | 服 | 役 |
| Rime group | 職 | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 伏 | 役 |
| Old Chinese | /*bɯɡ/ | /*ɢʷeɡ/ |

### Verb

服⫽役 (verb-object)
* to serve in the army; to be in active service
* (obsolete) to do hard labor

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 當兵, 服役, 服兵役 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 當兵 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 當兵, 服兵役 formal |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 當兵 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當兵, 做兵 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 當兵, 做兵 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當兵, 做兵 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當兵, 做兵 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當兵, 做兵 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 做兵 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 做兵 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 做兵 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 做兵 |

#### See also

* 兵役 (bīngyì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 服 | 役 |
| ふく Grade: 3 | えき Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふくえき [fùkúékí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟e̞kʲi]

### Noun

服(ふく)役(えき) • (fukueki)
* penal servitude, time in prison

### Verb

服(ふく)役(えき)する • (fukueki suru) intransitive suru (stem 服(ふく)役(えき)し (fukueki shi), past 服(ふく)役(えき)した (fukueki shita))
* serve time in prison
** 2023 December 7, “ペルーのフジモリ元大統領 収監先の刑務所から釈放 [Former Peruvian President Fujimori released from prison]”, in NHK‎:
    南米(なんべい)のペルーで日系人(にっけいじん)として初(はじ)めて大統領(だいとうりょう)に就任(しゅうにん)し、有罪(ゆうざい)判決(はんけつ)を受(う)けて服役(ふくえき)していた、アルベルト・フジモリ元(もと)大統領(だいとうりょう)が 6 日(にち)、収監(しゅうかん)先(さき)の刑務所(けいむしょ)から釈放(しゃくほう)されました。
       Nanbei no perū de nikkeijin toshite hajimete daitōryō ni shūninshi , yūzai hanketsu o ukete fukuekishite ita , aruberuto fujimori moto daitōryō ga 6 nichi , shūkan saki no keimusho kara shakuhō saremashita .
       On the 6th day [of December], former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori, who was the first Japanese person to become president of the South American country and who had been serving his sentence after being convicted, was released from prison.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 服役し | ふくえきし | fukueki shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 服役し | ふくえきし | fukueki shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 服役する | ふくえきする | fukueki suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 服役する | ふくえきする | fukueki suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 服役すれ | ふくえきすれ | fukueki sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 服役せよ¹ 服役しろ² | ふくえきせよ¹ ふくえきしろ² | fukueki seyo¹ fukueki shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 服役される | ふくえきされる | fukueki sareru |
| Causative | 服役させる 服役さす | ふくえきさせる ふくえきさす | fukueki saseru fukueki sasu |
| Potential | 服役できる | ふくえきできる | fukueki dekiru |
| Volitional | 服役しよう | ふくえきしよう | fukueki shiyō |
| Negative | 服役しない | ふくえきしない | fukueki shinai |
| Negative continuative | 服役せず | ふくえきせず | fukueki sezu |
| Formal | 服役します | ふくえきします | fukueki shimasu |
| Perfective | 服役した | ふくえきした | fukueki shita |
| Conjunctive | 服役して | ふくえきして | fukueki shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 服役すれば | ふくえきすれば | fukueki sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN