# 濃

| 濃 | U+6FC3, &#28611; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FC3 |
| ← 濂 [U+6FC2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 濄 → [U+6FC4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

濃 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 水廿田女 (ETWV), four-corner 3513$_2$, composition ⿰氵農)

#### Descendants

* 浓

#### Derived characters

* 𤒚, 𮦽

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 654, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18442
* Dae Jaweon: page 1064, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1756, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6FC3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 嶩 | *nuː |
| 噥 | *rnuːŋ, *nuːŋ |
| 鬞 | *rnuːŋ, *noŋ |
| 擃 | *rnuːŋʔ |
| 齈 | *noːŋs |
| 癑 | *noːŋs |
| 農 | *nuːŋ |
| 辳 | *nuːŋ |
| 憹 | *nuːŋ |
| 膿 | *nuːŋ |
| 儂 | *nuːŋ |
| 濃 | *noŋ |
| 醲 | *noŋ |
| 襛 | *noŋ, *njoŋ |
| 穠 | *noŋ, *njoŋ |
| 檂 | *noŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *noŋ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 農 (OC *nuːŋ).

### Etymology

* 濃 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 濃 (Cantonese)
* 濃 (Wu)
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːŋ (“heavy; thick, viscous”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nóng (nong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): nung$^4$ / jung$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): nuung$^3$ / nguung$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): nùng / ngiùng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): nung$^2$ / ngiung$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): nùng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): long$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnion
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nóng
*** Wade–Giles: nung$^2$
*** Yale: núng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nong
*** Palladius: нун (nun)
*** Sinological IPA : /nʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nung$^4$ / jung$^4$
*** Yale: nùhng / yùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nung$^4$ / jung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nung$^4$ / yung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /nʊŋ²¹/, /jʊŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: nuung$^3$ / nguung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ⁿdɵŋ²²/, /ᵑɡɵŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nùng / ngiùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: nung$^ˇ$ / ngiung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nung$^2$ / ngiung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /nuŋ¹¹/, /ŋi̯uŋ¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: nung$^2$ / ngiung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /nʊŋ¹¹/, /ŋiʊŋ¹¹/
* Meixian:
** nung2 - literary;
** ngiung2 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: nrjowng
Rime :
| Character | 濃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 女容切 |
| Baxter | nrjowng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳɨoŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳioŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nioŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳuawŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /nioŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /nĭwoŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ni̯woŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*n<r>oŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*noŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 濃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | nóng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nrjowng › |
| Old Chinese | /*n<r>oŋ/ |
| English | thick (esp. as a liquid); strong (drink) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 濃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9577 |
| Phonetic component | 農 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 醲 |
| Old Chinese | /*noŋ/ |

### Definitions

濃
* thick; concentrated
* (of colors) deep
    Synonym: 深 (shēn)
    Antonyms: 淺／浅, 淡
* (of beverage) strong; concentrated

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 稠 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 稠 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 稠, 糨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 稠 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 稠 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 稠 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 厚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 稠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 稠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 稠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 稠, 厚 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 稠 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 稠 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 稠, 糨, 糊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 稠, 乾, 釅 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 釅, 稠 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 乾 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 稠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 稠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 厚, 稠, 乾 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 厚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 厚, 乾 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 醹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 醹, 杰 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 醹, 杰 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 杰, 醹 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 𤄷, 杰 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 杰 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 及 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 濃 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 濃 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 醹, 結 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 醹 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 醹, 竭 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 竭 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Changting | 醹, 濃, 竭 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 醹, 竭 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 醹, 竭 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 濃, 稠 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 竭 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 竭 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 濃 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 醹 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 厚 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 硬 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 稠 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 濃 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 洘 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 洘 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 濃 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 𬇴 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 洘, 洽 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 洘, 洽 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 洘, 洽, 汔, 𠕇, 醪 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 𠕇, 汔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 糊 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 洘 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 洘, 汔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 洘, 洽 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 汔, 釅 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 乾, 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 渴 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 洘, 醪 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 杰 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 洘, 渴 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 渴 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 渴 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 洘 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 洘 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 濃 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 濃 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 杰 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 厚 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 厚 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 厚 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 乾 |
| Wu | Danyang | 乾, 厚 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 厚 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 燥 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 饘 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 厚 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 釅 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 濃 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 釅, 濃 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 釅 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 濃 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 濃 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 釅 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 釅 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 釅 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 釅 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 濃 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 濃 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 濃 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 濃 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 濃 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 濃 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 濃 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 釅 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 釅 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 釅 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 濃 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 濃, 鎮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 厚 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 厚 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 厚 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 厚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 厚 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 厚 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 釅, 厚 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 厚, 濃 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 濃 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 濃 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 釅 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 釅, 濃 |

### Compounds

* 信濃川／信浓川
* 戰雲濃密／战云浓密
* 淡妝濃抹／淡妆浓抹
* 濃厚／浓厚 (nónghòu)
* 濃妝／浓妆 (nóngzhuāng)
* 濃妝淡抹／浓妆淡抹
* 濃妝豔抹／浓妆艳抹 (nóngzhuāngyànmǒ)
* 濃妝豔服／浓妆艳服
* 濃妝豔裹／浓妆艳裹
* 濃妝豔飾／浓妆艳饰
* 濃密／浓密 (nóngmì)
* 濃度／浓度 (nóngdù)
* 濃快／浓快
* 濃抹／浓抹 (nóngmǒ)
* 濃抹淡妝／浓抹淡妆
* 濃桃豔李／浓桃艳李
* 濃淡／浓淡 (nóngdàn)
* 濃湯／浓汤 (nóngtāng)
* 濃濃／浓浓 (nóngnóng)
* 濃烈／浓烈 (nóngliè)
* 濃煙／浓烟 (nóngyān)
* 濃眉／浓眉 (nóngméi)
* 濃眉大眼／浓眉大眼 (nóngméi dà yǎn)
* 濃睡／浓睡
* 濃縮／浓缩 (nóngsuō)
* 濃縮版／浓缩版
* 濃縮鈾／浓缩铀 (nóngsuōyóu)
* 濃茶／浓茶 (nóngchá)
* 濃蔭／浓荫
* 濃蔭蔽空／浓荫蔽空
* 濃豔／浓艳 (nóngyàn)
* 濃郁 (nóngyù)
* 濃重／浓重 (nóngzhòng)
* 濃雲密布／浓云密布
* 濃霧／浓雾 (nóngwù)
* 濃黑／浓黑
* 濃墨／浓墨
* 甘旨肥濃／甘旨肥浓
* 美濃／美浓 (Měinóng)
* 血濃於水／血浓于水 (xuènóngyúshuǐ)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* dark
* thick

#### Readings

* Go-on: にゅう (nyū)
* Kan-on: じょう (jō)
* Kan’yō-on: のう (nō, Jōyō)
* Kun: こい (koi, 濃い, Jōyō)
* Nanori: の (no)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 濃
* のう Grade: S
* kan'yōon

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [no̞ː]

#### Affix

濃(のう) • (nō)
* dark color

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 濃
* こ Grade: S
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ko̞]

#### Prefix

濃(こ) • (ko-)
* dark color

## Korean
### Hanja

濃 (eumhun 짙을 농 (jiteul nong))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 雪濃湯

## Vietnamese
### Han character

濃: Hán Nôm readings: nùng, nống, nồng, nông
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.