# 蕎

| 蕎 | U+854E, &#34126; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-854E |
| ← 蕍 [U+854D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蕏 → [U+854F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蕎 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+12, 16 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 15 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿竹大月 (THKB), four-corner 4422$_7$, composition ⿱艹喬)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1057, character 27
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31946
* Dae Jaweon: page 1520, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3292, character 4
* Unihan data for U+854E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 驕 | *krew |
| 嬌 | *krew, *krewʔ, *ɡrew |
| 憍 | *krew, *kʰrew |
| 穚 | *krew |
| 鷮 | *krew, *ɡrew |
| 蕎 | *krew, *ɡrew |
| 喬 | *krew, *ɡrew |
| 簥 | *krew |
| 撟 | *krew, *krewʔ |
| 矯 | *krewʔ |
| 鱎 | *krewʔ |
| 敽 | *krewʔ |
| 蟜 | *krewʔ, *ɡrew |
| 譑 | *krewʔ, *kʰews |
| 蹻 | *krewʔ, *kʰew, *ɡrew, *kewɢ, *ɡewɢ |
| 繑 | *kʰew |
| 鞽 | *kʰrew |
| 趫 | *kʰrew, *ɡrew |
| 嘺 | *ɡew |
| 橋 | *ɡrew |
| 僑 | *ɡrew |
| 鐈 | *ɡrew |
| 毊 | *ɡrew, *qʰrew |
| 轎 | *ɡrew, *ɡrews |
| 嶠 | *ɡrews |
| 獢 | *qʰrew |
| 屩 | *kewɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krew, *ɡrew) : semantic 艸 (“grass, plant”) + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew).

### Etymology 1

Compare Longchuan Achang tɕhauʔ⁵⁵, Tshobdun ʃɔ, Lhasa Tibetan བྲ་བོ (bra bo) (Blench and Post, 2014).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qiáo (qiao$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄠˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qiao$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kiu$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kiau$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qieu$^2$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): kiau$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): qiau$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): giǎu
* Eastern Min (BUC): gièu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiô
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kiao$^5$ / kiou$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$jiau
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jiau$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciáo
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiao$^2$
*** Yale: chyáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyau
*** Palladius: цяо (cjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: qiao$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kiao
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiau²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kiu$^4$
*** Yale: kìuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kiu$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kiu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiːu̯²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kiau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiau²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qieu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiɛu²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kiau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰiau¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qiau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiau¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: giǎu
*** Sinological IPA : /kiau²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gièu
*** Sinological IPA : /kieu⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiô
*** Tâi-lô: kiô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiooi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kio²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kio²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kio¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kio²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɤ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kiao$^5$ / kiou$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiâu / khiôu
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiau⁵⁵/, /kʰiou⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$jiau
*** MiniDict: jiau$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$jjiau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑiɔ²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: jiau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯¹³/
* Middle Chinese: gjew
Rime :
| Character | 蕎 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (92) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 巨嬌切 |
| Baxter | gjew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiᴇu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡᵚiɛu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiæu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /giaw/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡjɛu/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭɛu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /gi̯ɛu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiáo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | kiu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)aw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrew/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蕎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qiáo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gjew › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ](r)aw/ (no pre-Qín exx.) |
| English | buckwheat (qiáomài 蕎⿆麥) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蕎 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 10353 |
| Phonetic component | 喬 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 喬 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡrew/ |

#### Definitions

蕎
* buckwheat

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蕎麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蕎麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 蕎麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 蕎麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 蕎麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 蕎麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 蕎麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 蕎麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 蕎麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 蕎麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 蕎麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 蕎麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 蕎麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 蕎麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 蕎麥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 蕎麥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 蕎麥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 蕎麥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 蕎麥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 稜子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 蕎麥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 蕎麥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 蕎麥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 蕎麥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 蕎麥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 蕎麥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 蕎麥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 蕎麥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 蕎麥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 蕎麥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 蕎麥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 蕎麥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 蕎麥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 蕎麥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 蕎麥, 蕎子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 蕎子, 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 蕎子, 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 蕎子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 蕎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 蕎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 三角麥, 蕎麥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 蕎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 蕎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 蕎麥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 蕎麥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蕎麥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 蕎麥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 蕎麥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 蕎麥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 蕎麥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 蕎麥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 蕎麥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 蕎麥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 三角麥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 蕎麥 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 花麥 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 三角麥 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 三角麥 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 三角麥 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 三角麥 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蕎麥 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 蕎麥 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 花麥 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蕎麥 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 花麥, 三稜子 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 蕎麥 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 烏麥 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 蕎麥 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 蕎麥 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 蕎麥 |
| Jin | Datong | 蕎麥 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 蕎麥 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 蕎麥 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 蕎麥 |
| Jin | Linhe | 蕎麵 |
| Jin | Jining | 蕎麥 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 蕎麥 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 蕎麥 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 蕎麥 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 蕎麥 |
| Jin | Handan | 蕎麥 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 蕎麥 |
| Jin | Suide | 蕎麥 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 三角麥 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 大麥 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 蕎麥 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 蕎麥 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 苦麥 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 三角麥, 蕎麥 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 蕎麥 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蕎麥 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 蕎麥 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蕎麥 |
| Wu | Danyang | 蕎麥 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 蕎麥 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 蕎麥 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 花麥, 三角麥 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 蕎麥 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 蕎麥 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 蕎麥子, 蕎麥 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 蕎麥 |

#### Compounds

* 苦蕎／苦荞 (kǔqiáo)
* 苦蕎茶／苦荞茶
* 苦蕎麥／苦荞麦 (kǔqiáomài)
* 蕎子／荞子
* 蕎巴／荞巴
* 蕎粑／荞粑
* 蕎絲／荞丝
* 蕎麥／荞麦 (qiáomài)
* 蕎麥子／荞麦子
* 蕎麥皮／荞麦皮
* 蕎麥麵／荞麦面 (qiáomàimiàn)
* 蕎麵／荞面 (qiáomiàn)
* 韃靼蕎麥／鞑靼荞麦

#### Descendants

* → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ɟæu

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāo, qiáo (jiao$^1$, qiao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ, ㄑㄧㄠˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiao
*** Wade–Giles: chiao$^1$
*** Yale: jyāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiau
*** Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciáo
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiao$^2$
*** Yale: chyáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyau
*** Palladius: цяо (cjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kjew
Rime :
| Character | 蕎 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (92) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 舉喬切 |
| Baxter | kjew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiᴇu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚiɛu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiæu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kiaw/ |
| Li Rong | /kjɛu/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɛu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯ɛu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | giu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*krew/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蕎 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 10331 |
| Phonetic component | 喬 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 驕 |
| Old Chinese | /*krew/ |

#### Definitions

蕎
* (obsolete) Peking spurge (Euphorbia pekinensis)
    Synonym: 大戟 (dàjǐ)

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to 藠?”)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiáo (qiao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄠˊ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): giō / kiō / hiō / giǒ / jiō / kioh
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciáo
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiao$^2$
*** Yale: chyáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyau
*** Palladius: цяо (cjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Tainan, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giō
*** Tâi-lô: giō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gioi
*** IPA (Tainan): /ɡiɤ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡio³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /ɡio²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiō
*** Tâi-lô: kiō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kioi
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kio²²/
*** IPA (Yilan): /kio³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiō
*** Tâi-lô: hiō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hioi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hio²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giǒ
*** Tâi-lô: giǒ
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡio²²/
*** IPA (Lukang): /ɡio³³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiō
*** Tâi-lô: jiō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jioi
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɤ³³/
** (Hokkien: Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kioh
*** Tâi-lô: kioh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kioiq

#### Definitions

蕎
* Only used in 蕗蕎／蕗荞 (lùqiáo).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* buckwheat

#### Readings

* Go-on: きょう (kyō)、ぎょう (gyō)
* Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kun: そば (soba)

## Korean
### Hanja

蕎 (eumhun 메밀 교 (memil gyo))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Naver Hanja Dictionary: 蕎

## Vietnamese
### Han character

蕎: Hán Việt readings: kiều
蕎: Nôm readings: kiều, kiệu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation: 蕎