# 楝

| 楝 | U+695D, &#26973; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-695D |
| ← 楜 [U+695C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 楞 → [U+695E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

楝 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木木田火 (DDWF), four-corner 4599$_6$, composition ⿰木柬)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 540, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15148
* Dae Jaweon: page 927, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1245, character 9
* Unihan data for U+695D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 楝
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 蘭 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 攔 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 欄 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 瀾 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns |
| 讕 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns |
| 闌 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 韊 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 幱 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 籣 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 躝 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 爛 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 爤 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 鑭 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 糷 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 斕 | *ɡ·reːn |
| 揀 | *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns |
| 柬 | *kreːnʔ |
| 暕 | *kreːnʔ |
| 諫 | *kraːns |
| 練 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 鍊 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 煉 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 楝 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 萰 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 堜 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 湅 | *ɡ·reːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·reːns) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): liàn (lian$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nian$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lin$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): lien$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lien
    (Meixian, Guangdong): liên$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): lie$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): liêng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lēng / nūi / lěng / liān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): noin$^7$ / nai$^7$ / liang$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$li
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lienn$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liàn
*** Wade–Giles: lien$^4$
*** Yale: lyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liann
*** Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛn⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nian$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lian
*** Sinological IPA : /niɛn²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lin$^6$
*** Yale: lihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lin$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lin$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːn²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: lien$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /liɛn¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lien
*** Hakka Romanization System: lien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /li̯en⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: liên$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /liɛn⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: lie$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /lie⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: liêng
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃iɛŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Sanxia, Yilan, Tainan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lēng
*** Tâi-lô: līng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: leng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan): /liɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen): /liɪŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nūi
*** Tâi-lô: nuī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nui
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /nuĩ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Lukang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lěng
*** Tâi-lô: lǐng
*** IPA (Lukang): /liɪŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liān
*** Tâi-lô: liān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lien
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /liɛn²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɛn³³/
* lēng/nūi/lěng - vernacular;
* liān - literary.
* Middle Chinese: lenH
Rime :
| Character | 楝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 郎甸切 |
| Baxter | lenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /len$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /len$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɛn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɛn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /len$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lien$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /lien$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lin$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·reːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 楝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6144 |
| Phonetic component | 柬 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 練 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·reːns/ |

### Definitions

楝
* bead tree (Melia azedarach, formerly known as Melia japonica), a tree in the mahogany family

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 楝, 楝樹, 苦楝, 苦楝樹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 苦楝, 苦楝樹, 楝樹, 苦苓 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 苦楝子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 苦楝子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 楝樹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 苦楝子樹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 楝棗子, 楝棗樹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 苦楝子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 楝樹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 苦楝子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 苦楝樹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 楝樹, 苦楝樹, 苦楝 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 楝樹, 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 古楝 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 火楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 火楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 森樹 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 苦楝, 森木 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 苦林森 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 苦楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 火楝樹 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 森木樹 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 火楝杵 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 苦楝森 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 苦楝森 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 苦楝 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 禾鐮樹 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 苦楝木 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 苦楝子樹 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 苦楝樹 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 苦楝子樹 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 苦楝樹 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 苦楝樹 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 苦楝樹 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 苦楝樹 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 鴨仔樹 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 苦楝 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 苦楝樹, 麻風樹 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 苦楝樹 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 苦楝樹, 苦楝 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 苦楝 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 苦楝樹, 苦楝 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 苦楝樹, 苦楝 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 苦楝樹, 苦楝 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 苦楝樹, 苦楝 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 苦楝樹 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 苦楝樹 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 楝少仔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 苦楝仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 苦楝仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 苦楝仔 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 苦楝 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 苦楝樹 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 苦楝樹 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 森木 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 森木, 森木樹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 苦楝根 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 楝樹 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 楝樹 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 楝樹 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 楝樹 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 苦楝樹 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 楝樹 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 苦楝子樹 |

### Compounds

* 楝樹／楝树 (liànshù)
* 楝花風／楝花风
* 白楝
* 苦楝 (kǔliàn)
* 苦楝子 (kǔliànzǐ)
* 苦楝樹／苦楝树 (kǔliànshù)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* Japanese bead tree

#### Readings

* Go-on: れん (ren)
* Kan-on: れん (ren)
* Kun: おうち (ouchi, 楝)

## Korean
### Hanja

楝 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen)
* (멀구슬나무): bead tree, chinaberry, Melia azedarach

#### See also

* 白檀 (백단, baegdan) white sandalwood
* 檀 (단, dan) birch; sandalwood; rosewood
* 栴 (전, jeon) sandalwood

## Vietnamese
### Han character

楝: Hán Nôm readings: luyện, xoan
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.