# 竟

| 竟 | U+7ADF, &#31455; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7ADF |
| ← 竞 [U+7ADE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 章 → [U+7AE0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

竟 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿日竹山 (YTAHU), four-corner 0021$_6$, composition ⿱音儿)

#### Derived characters

* 傹 境 摬 樈 滰 獍 璄 鏡 竸 𧫙

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 871, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25757
* Dae Jaweon: page 1301, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2710, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7ADF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 竟 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 滰 | *ɡaŋʔ |
| 境 | *kraŋʔ |
| 竟 | *kraŋs |
| 鏡 | *kraŋs |
| 獍 | *kraŋs |
| 樈 | *ɡraŋ |
| 璄 | *qraŋʔ |
| 摬 | *qraŋʔ |
Uncertain. At least three theories exist:
According to the version on bronzes and Yu Shengwu (于省吾), 辛 ("chisel to mark prisoners") + 人 ("man"); the character indicates a punishment and, according to Yu Shengwu, it is the original version of 黥. Compare the phonetic component of 接.
According to He Linyi (何琳儀), it is the contraction of the character 競.
According to Shuowen, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 音 (“sound”) + 儿 (“man”) (originally written as 舌 and 人) - a man has spoken. This interpretation is partly related to 競.

### Etymology

Cognate with 境 (OC *kraŋʔ, “boundary”) (Schuelsser, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìng (jing$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ging$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kèng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^4$
*** Yale: jìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
*** Palladius: цзин (czin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ging$^2$
*** Yale: gíng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ging$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ging$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪŋ³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
*** Tâi-lô: kìng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gêng$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kéng
*** Sinological IPA : /keŋ⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: kjaengH
Rime :
| Character | 竟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居慶切 |
| Baxter | kjaengH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiæŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kiajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯ɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ging$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]raŋʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kraŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 竟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jìng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjæng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]raŋʔ-s/ |
| English | end, in the end |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 竟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6869 |
| Phonetic component | 竟 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 敬 |
| Old Chinese | /*kraŋs/ |

### Definitions

竟
* to finish; to end (literary)
* finally; after all; at last (literary)
* unexpectedly; to one's surprise; surprisingly
* whole; entire

#### Synonyms

* (unexpectedly):
* 先勿先 (Wu)
* 出乎意料地 (chūhūyìliào de)
* 居然 (jūrán)
* 煞 (Hokkien)
* 硬敢 (Liuzhou)
* 竟然 (jìngrán)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 居然, 竟然, 竟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 居然, 竟然 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 竟然 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 敢, 硬敢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 居然 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 竟然 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 竟然, 居然, 竟然間 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 煞, 竟然 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 煞, 竟然 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 煞, 竟然 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 煞, 竟然 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 夰, 紲, 一回, 落, 敢敢 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 居然, 竟然, 竟, 先勿先, 伊講 |

#### Compounds

* 一探究竟
* 一竟
* 探個究竟／探个究竟
* 有志者事竟成 (yǒu zhì zhě shì jìng chéng)
* 有志竟成
* 未竟之志
* 歐陽竟無／欧阳竟无
* 畢竟／毕竟 (bìjìng)
* 看個究竟／看个究竟
* 究竟 (jiūjìng)
* 窮源竟委／穷源竟委
* 窮竟／穷竟
* 終竟／终竟
* 考竟
* 芳蘭竟體／芳兰竟体
* 難竟全功／难竟全功
* 竟坐
* 竟夕 (jìngxī)
* 竟夜 (jìngyè)
* 竟天
* 竟敢 (jìnggǎn)
* 竟日 (jìngrì)
* 竟是 (jìngshì)
* 竟會／竟会
* 竟然 (jìngrán)
* 竟爾／竟尔
* 竟陵八友
* 竟陵體／竟陵体

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* end; final

#### Readings

* Go-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kan-on: けい (kei)
* Kun: おわる (owaru, 竟わる)、わたる (wataru, 竟る)、ついに (tsuini, 竟に)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 竟
* つい Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 竟 – see the following entry. :
| 【終つい】3 | [noun] end, conclusion [noun] end-of-life, death Alternative spelling 遂 |
(This term, 竟, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

竟 (eumhun 다할 경 (dahal gyeong))
* hanja form of 경 (“exhaust, end”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

竟: Hán Nôm readings: cánh, cạnh, giạnh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.