# 能力
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nénglì
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄥˊ ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): nang$^4$ lik$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): nèn-li̍t
    (Hailu, HRS): nen lid$^ˋ$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): nn̂g-lia̍k / lêng-le̍k / lêng-lia̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lêng$^5$ lag$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nénglì
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄥˊ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nénglì
*** Wade–Giles: nêng$^2$-li$^4$
*** Yale: néng-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nenglih
*** Palladius: нэнли (nɛnli)
*** Sinological IPA : /nɤŋ³⁵ li⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nang$^4$ lik$^6$
*** Yale: nàhng lihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nang$^4$ lik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: neng$^4$ lig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɐŋ²¹ lɪk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nèn-li̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: nen$^ˇ$ lid
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nen$^2$ lid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /nen¹¹ lit̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: nen lid$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /nen⁵⁵ lit²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nn̂g-lia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: nn̂g-lia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nngliak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /nŋ̍²⁴⁻²² liak̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng-le̍k
*** Tâi-lô: lîng-li̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lenglek
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³⁻²² liɪk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² liɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Hui'an)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng-lia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: lîng-lia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lengliak
*** IPA (Hui'an): /leŋ²⁴⁻²² liak̚²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lêng$^5$ lag$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lêng la̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lak̚⁴/

### Noun

能力
* ability; capability; capacity; faculty; competence
    科研能力 ― kēyán nénglì ― research ability
    配套能力 ― pèitào nénglì ― supporting capabilities
    承載能力／承载能力 ― chéngzài nénglì ― carrying capacity
    專業能力／专业能力 ― zhuānyè nénglì ― expertise
    讀寫能力／读写能力 ― dúxiě nénglì ― ability to read and write; literacy
    生育能力 ― shēngyù nénglì ― ability to have children; fertility
    能力超群 ― nénglì chāoqún ― to have outstanding ability
    語言能力很強／语言能力很强 ― yǔyán nénglì hěn qiáng ― to have a strong capacity for language
       Tā de dúlì shēnghuó de nénglì hěn chà. [Pinyin]
       His ability to live independently is very poor.

#### Synonyms

* 一手
* 人才 (réncái)
* 伎倆／伎俩 (jìliǎng) (literary)
* 俊才 (jùncái)
* 兩手／两手 (liǎngshǒu)
* 力 (lì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 力量 (lìliàng)
* 功力 (gōnglì)
* 功夫 (gōngfu) (especially in martial arts)
* 天才 (tiāncái) (genius)
* 才具 (cáijù) (formal)
* 才力 (cáilì)
* 才器 (cáiqì) (literary)
* 才幹／才干 (cáigàn)
* 才情 (cáiqíng)
* 手段 (shǒuduàn)
* 手法 (shǒufǎ)
* 手眼 (shǒuyǎn)
* 才能 (cáinéng)
* 手腕 (shǒuwàn)
* 手腕子 (shou$^3$ onn$^3$ zr) (Xiang)
* 才華／才华 (cáihuá)
* 技巧 (jìqiǎo)
* 把式 (bǎshì) (dialectal)
* 技能 (jìnéng)
* 技藝／技艺 (jìyì)
* 技術／技术 (jìshù)
* 招數／招数 (zhāoshù)
* 本事
* 本領／本领 (běnlǐng)
* 材幹／材干 (cáigān) (Classical Chinese)
* 能為／能为 (néngwéi) (literary, dialectal)
* 能耐 (néngnài) (colloquial)
* 能量 (néngliàng)
* 花頭／花头 (Wu)
* 著數／着数
* 解數／解数
* 資力／资力 (zīlì)
* 路數／路数 (lùshù)
* 身手 (shēnshǒu)
* 道行

#### Derived terms

* 交際能力／交际能力 (jiāojì nénglì)
* 償付能力／偿付能力 (chángfù nénglì)
* 就業能力／就业能力 (jiùyè nénglì)
* 性能力 (xìngnénglì)
* 權利能力／权利能力 (quánlì nénglì)
* 無能力／无能力
* 華語文能力測驗／华语文能力测验 (Huáyǔwén Nénglì Cèyàn)
* 行為能力／行为能力 (xíngwéi nénglì)
* 超能力 (chāonénglì)
* 運動能力／运动能力 (yùndòng nénglì)
* 降解能力 (jiàngjiě nénglì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 能(のう)力(りょく) (nōryoku); 能(のう)力(りき) (nōriki)
* → Korean: 능력(能力) (neungnyeok)
* → Vietnamese: năng lực (能力)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 能 | 力 |
| のう Grade: 5 | りき Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
Kanji in this term :
| 能 | 力 |
| のう Grade: 5 | りょく Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) のーりょく [nóꜜòryòkù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [no̞ːɾʲo̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

能(のう)力(りょく) or 能(のう)力(りき) • (nōryoku or nōriki)
* ability; capability; capacity; faculty
** 2000 April 20, “スロットマシーンＡ(エー)Ｍ(エム)－７(セブン)”, in Magic Ruler －魔法の支配者－, Konami:
    スロットに揃(そろ)う数(かず)で能(のう)力(りょく)を変(へん)化(か)させる事(こと)ができるという機(き)械(かい)。
       Surotto ni sorou kazu de nōryoku o henka saseru koto ga dekiru to iu kikai.
       A machine said to be able to change its ability according to the slot numbers.
** 2002 September 19, “アイツ”, in 黒魔導の覇者, Konami:
    非(ひ)常(じょう)に頼(たよ)りない姿(すがた)をしているが、実(じつ)はとてつもない潜(せん)在(ざい)能(のう)力(りょく)を隠(かく)し持(も)っているらしい。
       Hijō ni tayorinai sugata o shite iru ga, jitsu wa totetsu mo nai senzai nōryoku o kakushimotte iru rashii.
       He looks completely unreliable, but he is actually said to have incredible potential.

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 能 | 力 |

### Noun

能力 • (neungnyeok) (hangeul 능력)
* hanja form of 능력 (“capacity, ability”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 能 | 力 |

### Noun

能力
* chữ Hán form of năng lực (“power; ability; energy”).