# 出世
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chūshì
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨ ㄕˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceot$^1$ sai$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ciit$^6$ si$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhut-se
    (Hailu, HRS): chud she$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cud$^5$ sê$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chók-sié
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): coh$^6$ si$^4$ / cuoh$^6$ si$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhut-sì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cug$^4$ si$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chūshì
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chushìh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻu$^1$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: chū-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chushyh
*** Palladius: чуши (čuši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$出世 出事 出仕 出示 初試／初试
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceot$^1$ sai$^3$
*** Yale: chēut sai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoet$^7$ sai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêd$^1$ sei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɐi̯³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ciit$^6$ si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵ sz̩³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhut-se
*** Hakka Romanization System: cud$^ˋ$ se
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cud$^5$ se$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰut̚² se⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: chud she$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰut⁵⁻² ʃe¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cud$^5$ sê$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰut̚¹ se⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chók-sié
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ siɛ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: coh$^6$ si$^4$ [Phonetic: coh$^7$ si$^4$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬi⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cuoh$^6$ si$^4$ [Phonetic: cuoh$^7$ si$^4$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuoʔ²⁻²⁴ ɬi⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-sì
*** Tâi-lô: tshut-sì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhutsix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ si²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ si⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ si²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ si¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ si²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cug$^4$ si$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuk sì
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ si²¹³/

#### Verb

出世
* (literary or dialectal) to come into the world; to be born
* to be introduced to the world; to come out; to be published

##### Synonyms

* (to come into the world):
* 出生 (chūshēng)
* 生人 (shēngrén) (of a person)
* 落地 (figurative)
* 誕生／诞生 (dànshēng) (of a person)
* 降世 (jiàngshì) (especially of an important figure)
* 降生 (jiàngshēng) (especially of an important figure)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 生, 出世 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 出生, 出世, 誕生, 降生, 降世 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 出生 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 出生 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 出世 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 出世 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 出世 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 出世 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 出世 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 出世 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 出世 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 出世 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 出世 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 出世 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 出世 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 出世 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 出世 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 出世 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 出世 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 出世 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 出世 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 出世 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 出世 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 出世 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 出生 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 出世 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 出世 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 出世 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 出世 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 出世 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 出世 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 出世 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 出世 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 出世, 出生 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 出世 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 出世 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 出生 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 出世 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 出世 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 出世 |
* (to be introduced to the world):
* 催生 (cuīshēng) (figurative)
* 問世／问世 (wènshì)
* 形成 (xíngchéng)
* 現世／现世 (xiànshì)
* 生成 (shēngchéng)
* 產生／产生 (chǎnshēng)
* 登臺／登台 (dēngtái) (figurative)
* 行世 (xíngshì) (literary)
* 誕生／诞生 (dànshēng)
* 長成／长成 (zhǎngchéng) (literary)
* 面世 (miànshì)

##### Descendants

* → Malay: cutsi (“to be born”)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chūshì
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨ ㄕˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceot$^1$ sai$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhut-se
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhut-sè / chhut-sì
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chūshì
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chushìh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻu$^1$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: chū-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chushyh
*** Palladius: чуши (čuši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$出世 出事 出仕 出示 初試／初试
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceot$^1$ sai$^3$
*** Yale: chēut sai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoet$^7$ sai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêd$^1$ sei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɐi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhut-se
*** Hakka Romanization System: cud$^ˋ$ se
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cud$^5$ se$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰut̚² se⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-sè
*** Tâi-lô: tshut-sè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhutsex
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ se¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ se⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ se²¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-sì
*** Tâi-lô: tshut-sì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhutsix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ si²¹/

#### Verb

出世
* (Buddhism) to attain liberation from samsara
* to transcend worldliness

##### Derived terms

* 一佛出世
* 一佛出世，二佛升天
* 一佛出世，二佛涅槃 (yīfóchūshì, èrfónièpán)

### Antonyms

* 入世 (rùshì)

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “出世”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 110.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 出 | 世 |
| しゅつ > しゅっ Grade: 1 | せ Grade: 3 |
| kan'on | goon |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゅっせ [shùssé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕɨsːe̞]

### Noun

出(しゅっ)世(せ) • (shusse)
* success in life

#### Derived terms

* 出(しゅっ)世(せ)魚(うお) (shusse-uo)
* 出(しゅっ)世(せ)頭(がしら) (shussegashira)
* 出(しゅっ)世(せ)作(さく) (shussesaku)
* 出(しゅっ)世(せ)証(しょう)文(もん) (shusse shōmon)
* 出(しゅっ)世(せ)払(ばら)い (shusse barai)
* 出(しゅっ)世(せ)本(ほん)懐(がい) (shusse hongai)
* 出(しゅっ)世(せ)力(りき)士(し) (shusse rikishi)

### Verb

出(しゅっ)世(せ)する • (shusse suru) intransitive suru (stem 出(しゅっ)世(せ)し (shusse shi), past 出(しゅっ)世(せ)した (shusse shita))
* to rise (in the world, to a position, etc.)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 出世し | しゅっせし | shusse shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 出世し | しゅっせし | shusse shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 出世する | しゅっせする | shusse suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 出世する | しゅっせする | shusse suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 出世すれ | しゅっせすれ | shusse sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 出世せよ¹ 出世しろ² | しゅっせせよ¹ しゅっせしろ² | shusse seyo¹ shusse shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 出世される | しゅっせされる | shusse sareru |
| Causative | 出世させる 出世さす | しゅっせさせる しゅっせさす | shusse saseru shusse sasu |
| Potential | 出世できる | しゅっせできる | shusse dekiru |
| Volitional | 出世しよう | しゅっせしよう | shusse shiyō |
| Negative | 出世しない | しゅっせしない | shusse shinai |
| Negative continuative | 出世せず | しゅっせせず | shusse sezu |
| Formal | 出世します | しゅっせします | shusse shimasu |
| Perfective | 出世した | しゅっせした | shusse shita |
| Conjunctive | 出世して | しゅっせして | shusse shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 出世すれば | しゅっせすれば | shusse sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 出 | 世 |

### Noun

出世 • (chulse) (hangeul 출세)
* hanja form of 출세