# 北風
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): běifēng
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˇ ㄈㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bak$^1$ fung$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'bet$^6$ fung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pet-fûng
    (Hailu, HRS): bed fung$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bêd$^5$ fung$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): bei$^2$ feng$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pak-hong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: běifēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˇ ㄈㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: běifong
*** Wade–Giles: pei$^3$-fêng$^1$
*** Yale: běi-fēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beeifeng
*** Palladius: бэйфэн (bɛjfɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bak$^1$ fung$^1$
*** Yale: bāk fūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bak$^7$ fung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: beg$^1$ fung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɐk̚⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'bet$^6$ fung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈpɛt̚⁵ fuŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pet-fûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: bed$^ˋ$ fung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bed$^5$ fung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pet̚² fuŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bed fung$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /pet⁵⁻² fuŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: bêd$^5$ fung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pɛt̚¹ fʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: bei$^2$ feng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pei⁵³ fə̃ŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pak-hong
*** Tâi-lô: pak-hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pakhofng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pak̚³²⁻⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: pok pjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 北 | 風 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (131) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 博墨切 | 方戎切 |
| Baxter | pok | pjuwng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pək̚/ | /pɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pək̚/ | /piuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pək̚/ | /piuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pək̚/ | /puwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /pək̚/ | /piuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /pək̚/ | /pĭuŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pək̚/ | /pi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bo | fēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bak$^1$ | fung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤək prəm/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pɯːɡ plum/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 北 | 風 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | běi | fēng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pok › | ‹ pjuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁək/ | /*prəm/ |
| English | north | wind (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 北 | 風 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 414 | 2921 |
| Phonetic component | 北 | 凡 |
| Rime group | 職 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 北 | 風 |
| Old Chinese | /*pɯːɡ/ | /*plum/ |

### Noun

北風
* northerly; north wind (a persistent wind from the north)
* (by extension) cold wind

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 北風(ほくふう) (hokufū)
* → Korean: 북풍(北風) (bukpung)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 北 | 風 |
| きた Grade: 2 | かぜ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きたかぜ [kìtákázé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲita̠ka̠ze̞]

#### Noun

北(きた)風(かぜ) • (kitakaze)
* northerly; north wind

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 北 | 風 |
| ほく Grade: 2 | ふう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほくふう [hòkúfúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞kɯ̟ɸɯ̟ː]

#### Noun

北(ほく)風(ふう) • (hokufū)
* northerly; north wind

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 北 | 風 |

### Noun

北風 • (bukpung) (hangeul 북풍)
* hanja form of 북풍 (“north wind”)