# gwneud
## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* gwneuthur

### Etymology

Back-formation from gwneuthud, gwneuthur, from Middle Welsh gwneithur, altered from *gwreithur with -n- from gwnïo (“to sew”), from Proto-Brythonic *gwrėɣɨd, from Proto-Celtic *wregeti, from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ-.
See also Cornish gwra (“he does, makes”), Breton gra (“he does, makes”), Old Irish fairged (“they made”); also English work.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales, standard) IPA: /ɡwneɨ̯d/
** (North Wales, colloquial) IPA: /ɡneɨ̯d/, /neɨ̯d/
* (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA: /ɡwnei̯d/
** (South Wales, colloquial) IPA: /ɡnei̯d/, /nei̯d/
* Rhymes: -eɨ̯d

### Verb

gwneud (first-person singular present gwnaf)
* to do; to make
    Dw i'n gwneud e heddiw. ― I am doing it today.
    Wyt ti'n gwneud y brecwast y bore 'ma? ― Are you making breakfast this morning?
* auxiliary verb used to form the past or future tenses.
    Wnes i anghofio. ― I forgot. (literally, “I did forget.”)
    Wnest ti gofio'r ateb. ― You remembered the answer. (literally, “You did remember the answer.”)
    Wnaethoch chi ei gweld hi? ― Did you see her?
    Wnaeth o fwyta'r brechdan? ― Did he eat the sandwich?
    Wnaeth hi dy weld di. ― She saw you. (literally, “She did see you.”)
    Wnaeth y ci ddim bwyta'r cig. ― The dog didn't eat the meat.
    Wnaethon ni ddod adref. ― We came home. (literally, “We did come home.”)
    Wnaethon nhw ddim mynd i Fangor. ― They didn't go to Bangor.

#### Conjugation

| Literary forms | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | impersonal |
| Literary forms | first | second | third | first | second | third | impersonal |
| present indicative/future | gwnaf, gwnelaf | gwnei, gwneli | gwna, gwnelir | gwnawn, gwnelwn | gwnewch, gwnelwch | gwnânt, gwnelant | gwneir, gwnelir |
| imperfect indicative/conditional | gwnawn | gwnait | gwnâi | gwnaem | gwnaech | gwnaent | gwneid |
| preterite | gwneuthum | gwnaethost | gwnaeth | gwnaethom | gwnaethoch | gwnaethant | gwnaethpwyd, gwnaed, gwnawd |
| pluperfect | gwnaethwn | gwnaethit | gwnaethai | gwnaethem | gwnaethech | gwnaethent | gwnaethid, gwnelsid |
| present subjunctive | gwnelwyf | gwnelych | gwnêl, gwnelo | gwnelom | gwneloch | gwnelont | gwneler, gwnaer |
| imperfect subjunctive | gwnelwn | gwnelit | gwnelai | gwnelem | gwnelech | gwnelent | gwnelid |
| imperative | — | gwna | gwnaed | gwnawn | gwnewch | gwnaent | gwnaer, gwneler |
| verbal noun | gwneud, gwneuthur | gwneud, gwneuthur | gwneud, gwneuthur | gwneud, gwneuthur | gwneud, gwneuthur | gwneud, gwneuthur | gwneud, gwneuthur |
| verbal adjectives | gwneuthuredig, gwneuthuriedig gwneuthuradwy | gwneuthuredig, gwneuthuriedig gwneuthuradwy | gwneuthuredig, gwneuthuriedig gwneuthuradwy | gwneuthuredig, gwneuthuriedig gwneuthuradwy | gwneuthuredig, gwneuthuriedig gwneuthuradwy | gwneuthuredig, gwneuthuriedig gwneuthuradwy | gwneuthuredig, gwneuthuriedig gwneuthuradwy |
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| Inflected colloquial forms | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| preterite | gwnes i gnes i nes i | gwnest ti gnest ti nest ti | gwnaeth o/e/hi gnaeth o/e/hi naeth o/e/hi | gwnaethon ni gnaethon ni naethon ni nethon ni | gwnaethoch chi gnaethoch chi naethoch chi nethoch chi | gwnaethon nhw gnaethon nhw naethon nhw nethon nhw |
| future | gwnaf i gnaf i naf i gwna i gna i na i | gwnei di gnei di nei di | gwneith o/e/hi gneith o/e/hi neith o/e/hi gwnaiff o/e/hi gnaiff o/e/hi naiff o/e/hi | gwnawn ni gnawn ni nawn ni gwnewn ni gnewn ni newn ni | gwnewch chi gnewch chi newch chi | gwnân nhw gnân nhw nân nhw gwnewn nhw gnewn nhw newn nhw |
| conditional | gwnawn i gnawn i nawn i gwnelwn i gnelwn i nelwn i gwnelen i gnelen i nelen i | gwnaet ti gnaet ti naet ti gwnelet ti gnelet ti nelet ti | gwnâi o/e/hi gnâi o/e/hi nâi o/e/hi gwnelai fe/hi gnelai fe/hi nelai fe/hi | gwnaen ni gnaen ni naen ni gwnelen ni gnelen ni nelen ni | gwnaech chi gnaech chi naech chi gwnelech chi gnelech chi nelech chi | gwnaen nhw gnaen nhw naen nhw gwnelen nhw gnelen nhw nelen nhw |
| imperative | — | gwna | — | — | gwnewch | — |
| verbal noun | gwneud, gneud, neud | gwneud, gneud, neud | gwneud, gneud, neud | gwneud, gneud, neud | gwneud, gneud, neud | gwneud, gneud, neud |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |||||||

#### Derived terms

* dad-wneud (“to undo, to redo”)
* gwneud môr a mynydd (“to make a mountain out of a molehill”)
* gwneud dŵr (“to urinate”, literally “to make water”)
* ymwneud (“to do (with)”)

#### Related terms

* gweithred

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwneud”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies