# 濮

| 濮 | U+6FEE, &#28654; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FEE |
| ← 濭 [U+6FED] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 濯 → [U+6FEF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

濮 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 水人廿人 (EOTO), four-corner 3213$_4$, composition ⿰氵僕)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 657, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18526
* Dae Jaweon: page 1067, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1770, character 6
* Unihan data for U+6FEE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 樸 | *baː, *pʰroːɡ, *poːɡ, *boːɡ |
| 璞 | *pʰroːɡ |
| 墣 | *pʰroːɡ, *pʰoːɡ |
| 撲 | *broːɡ, *pʰoːɡ |
| 轐 | *poːɡ, *buːɡ |
| 獛 | *poːɡ |
| 蹼 | *poːɡ |
| 襆 | *poːɡ, *boɡ |
| 濮 | *poːɡ |
| 纀 | *poːɡ |
| 醭 | *pʰoːɡ |
| 僕 | *boːɡ, *buːɡ |
| 菐 | *boːɡ, *puɡ |
| 穙 | *boːɡ |
| 鏷 | *buːɡ |
| 幞 | *boɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poːɡ) : semantic 水 + phonetic 僕 (OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Pú (Pu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): buk$^1$ / buk$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Bŭk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): porh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Po̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pog$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Pú
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Pú
*** Wade–Giles: Pʻu$^2$
*** Yale: Pú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Pwu
*** Palladius: Пу (Pu)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: buk$^1$ / buk$^6$
*** Yale: būk / buhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: buk$^7$ / buk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bug$^1$ / bug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʊk̚⁵/, /pʊk̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Bŭk
*** Sinological IPA : /puʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: porh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɒʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: porh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɒʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Po̍k
*** Tâi-lô: Po̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pok
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pɔk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phok
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰok̚²/
* Middle Chinese: puwk
Rime :
| Character | 濮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 博木切 |
| Baxter | puwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /puk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /puk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /puk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pəwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /puk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /puk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /puk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | buk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*poːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 濮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | pú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ puwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁok/ |
| English | [part of a proper name] |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 濮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9889 |
| Phonetic component | 菐 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 卜 |
| Old Chinese | /*poːɡ/ |

### Definitions

濮
* (～縣) A former county of Shandong, China
* name of an ancient river
* Pu (an ancient ethnic group)
    From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
    Wǒ yǒubāng zhǒngjūn, yùshì, sītú, sīmǎ, sīkōng, yàlǚ, shīshì, qiānfūcháng, bǎifūcháng, jí Yōng, Shǔ, Qiāng, Máo, Wēi, Lú, Péng, Pú rén. [Pinyin]
    Ah! ye hereditary rulers of my friendly states; ye managers of affairs - the Ministers of Instruction, of War, and of Works; the great officers subordinate to these, and the many other officers; the master of my body-guards; the captains of thousands and captains of hundreds; and ye, O men of Yong, Shu, Qiang, Mao, Wei, Lu, Peng, and Pu.
* a surname

### Compounds

* 城濮
* 桑間濮上／桑间濮上 (sāngjiānpúshàng)
* 濮上 (púshàng)
* 濮上之音 (púshàngzhīyīn)
* 濮上桑間／濮上桑间
* 濠濮間想／濠濮间想

### References

* “濮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “濮”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 179.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ほく (hoku)
* Kan-on: ほく (hoku)
* Kan’yō-on: ぼく (boku)

## Korean
### Hanja

濮 (eum 복 (bok))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

濮: Hán Nôm readings: bộc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.