# ἔαρ
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /é.ar/ → /ˈe.ar/ → /ˈe.ar/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /é.ar/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈe.ar/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈe.ar/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈe.ar/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈe.ar/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Hellenic *éhər, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥. Cognates include Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar), Sanskrit असृज् (asṛj), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn), Latin sanguis and Old Latin assyr.

#### Alternative forms

* εἶᾰρ (eîar)
* ἦᾰρ (êar), ῐ̓́ᾰρᾰ (íara) — Homeric

#### Noun

ἔᾰρ • (éar) n (genitive ἔᾰρος); third declension
* blood, gore
** Oppian of Corycus, Halieutica 2.616–18:     οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐπαΐγδην γενύεσσι σάρκας ἀφαρπάζουσι καὶ ἀρτιχύτοιο φόνοιο θερμὸν ἔαρ λάπτουσιν·     hoi mèn gàr epaḯgdēn genúessi sárkas apharpázousi kaì artikhútoio phónoio thermòn éar láptousin;They rush upon him and rend his flesh with their jaws and lap the warm gore of new-shed blood.
* juice

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Hellenic *wéhər, from Proto-Indo-European *wésr̥. Cognates include Latin ver, Persian بهار (bahâr), Sanskrit वसन्त (vasantá) and वसर् (vasar, “morning”), Old Norse vár, Old Armenian գարուն (garun), Old Church Slavonic весна (vesna).

#### Alternative forms

* εἶᾰρ (eîar) — Poetic
* ἦρ (êr) — Attic, Ionic

#### Noun

ἔᾰρ • (éar) n (genitive ἔᾰρος); third declension
* spring (season)
    Coordinate terms: θέρος (théros), ὀπώρα (opṓra), χειμών (kheimṓn)
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.147:φύλλα τὰ μέν τ’ ἄνεμος χαμάδις χέει, ἄλλα δέ θ’ ὕλη τηλεθόωσα φύει, ἔαρος δ’ ἐπιγίγνεται ὥρη·phúlla tà mén t’ ánemos khamádis khéei, álla dé th’ húlē tēlethóōsa phúei, éaros d’ epigígnetai hṓrē;The wind sheds the leaves upon the ground, but the flourishing forest brings them forth, and they follow the season of spring.
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.518:ὡς δ’ ὅτε Πανδαρέου κούρη, χλωρηῒς ἀηδών, καλὸν ἀείδῃσιν ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο, ...hōs d’ hóte Pandaréou koúrē, khlōrēï̀s aēdṓn, kalòn aeídēisin éaros néon histaménoio, ...As the daughter of Pandareus, the nightingale of the greenwood, beautifully sings when spring is not long begun, ...
** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 460
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.31, (compare Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.117, 6.8)
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.56:πρὸς ἔαρpròs éar
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.17:πρὸς τὸ ἔαρpròs tò éar
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.116:περὶ τὸ ἔαρperì tò éar
** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1137:ἐξ ἦρος εἰς Ἀρκτοῦρονex êros eis Arktoûron
* prime, freshness, flower
** 250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 99D, (compare Herodotus, Histories 7.162, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1.7.34)
** 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 13.45:ἔαρ ὁρᾶνéar horân
** Palatine Anthology 6.242:γενύων ἔαρgenúōn éar
** Palatine Anthology 7.12:ὕπνων ἔαρhúpnōn éar
** Inscriptiones Graecae 511:Χαρίτων ἔαρKharítōn éar

##### Derived terms

* μία χελιδὼν ἔαρ οὐ ποιεῖ (mía khelidṑn éar ou poieî)

##### Descendants

* Greek: έαρ (éar)

### References

* “ἔαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἔαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἔαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ἔαρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ἔαρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἔαρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* ἔαρ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
* “ἔαρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. spring idem, page 805.