# 官話
## Chinese

* 官話 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 官話 (Cantonese)
* 官話 (Classical)
* Guăng-uâ (Eastern Min)
* Koaⁿ-ōe (Southern Min)
* 官話 (Wu)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guānhuà
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gun$^1$ waa$^{6-2}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kôn-fa
    (Meixian, Guangdong): guon$^1$ fa$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): guăng-uâ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): guang$^1$ hua$^5$ / guong$^1$ hua$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koaⁿ-ōe
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kuoe-gho
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guānhuà
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guanhuà
*** Wade–Giles: kuan$^1$-hua$^4$
*** Yale: gwān-hwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanhuah
*** Palladius: гуаньхуа (guanʹxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯än⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gun$^1$ waa$^{6-2}$
*** Yale: gūn wá
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gun$^1$ waa$^{6-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gun$^1$ wa$^{6-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuːn⁵⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôn-fa
*** Hakka Romanization System: gon$^ˊ$ fa
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gon$^1$ fa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kon²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: guon$^1$ fa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ fa⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: guăng-uâ
*** Sinological IPA : /kuaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋuɑ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: guang$^1$ hua$^5$ [Phonetic: guang$^2$ nua$^5$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kuaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ $^{(h-)}$nua²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: guong$^1$ hua$^5$ [Phonetic: guong$^2$ nua$^5$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kuoŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ $^{(h-)}$nua²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ-ōe
*** Tâi-lô: kuann-uē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kvoa'oe
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² ue²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kuã³³ ue⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² ue²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kuoe-gho
*** MiniDict: kuoe$^平$ gho
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kuoe-hho
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kuø⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kwan hwaejH
Rime :
| Character | 官 | 話 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) | 夬 (30) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 古丸切 | 下快切 |
| Baxter | kwan | hwaejH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuɑn/ | /ɦˠuai$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷɑn/ | /ɦʷᵚai$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɑn/ | /ɣuai$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwan/ | /ɦwaɨjs$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɑn/ | /ɣuai$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kuɑn/ | /ɣwæi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuɑn/ | /ɣwai$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guān | huài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gun$^1$ | waai$^6$ |

### Noun

官話
* Mandarin; Guanhua (group of Northern Chinese dialects including Putonghua (Standard Chinese))
    From: 《朝鮮王朝實錄》 (Joseon Veritable Records), 1483
    반역심호 이간유고어 불합시용 차불시관화 무인인청 Banyeok sim ho[-hana] i gan yu goeo[-hago] bulhap siyong[-hamyeo] cha bul si gwanhwa[-ini] mu in in cheong[-harira]. [Sino-Korean]
    The [Koreans'] translation [into Chinese] is very good, but there is occasionally ancient language which is not in accordance with current usage; in addition, it is not Mandarin, [so] nobody will understand it by listening.
* bureaucratic gibberish; high-sounding but insincere words; officialese
    Synonym: 官腔 (guānqiāng)

#### Synonyms

* (Mandarin): 北方話／北方话 (běifānghuà)

#### Derived terms

* 中原官話／中原官话 (Zhōngyuán guānhuà)
* 冀魯官話／冀鲁官话 (Jì-Lǔ Guānhuà)
* 北京官話／北京官话 (Běijīng guānhuà)
* 天不怕，地不怕，只怕廣東人說官話／天不怕，地不怕，只怕广东人说官话 (tiān bùpà, dì bùpà, zhǐ pà Guǎngdōngrén shuō guānhuà)
* 官話化／官话化 (guānhuàhuà)
* 官話合聲字母／官话合声字母 (Guānhuà Héshēng Zìmǔ)
* 官話字母／官话字母
* 戲棚官話／戏棚官话 (xìpéng guānhuà)
* 打官話／打官话
* 東北官話／东北官话 (dōngběi guānhuà)
* 江淮官話／江淮官话 (Jiānghuái guānhuà)
* 膠遼官話／胶辽官话
* 藍青官話／蓝青官话 (lánqīng guānhuà)
* 蘭銀官話／兰银官话
* 西南官話／西南官话 (xīnán guānhuà)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 官話(かんわ) (kanwa)
* → Okinawan: 官話(くゎんふぁー) (kwanfā)
* → Korean: 관화(官話) (gwanhwa)
* → Vietnamese: Quan thoại (官話)

### References

* “Entry #73586”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
* 陈浩淼 [CHEN, Haomiao] (2019 June) “莆仙方言连读音变中-n、-m韵尾的残留 [The Ｒesidual of-n，-m Tail Vowel in the Liaison of Puxian Dialect]”, in 莆田学院学报 [Journal of Putian University] (in Chinese), volume 26, number 3, Fuzhou

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 官 | 話 |
| かん Grade: 4 | わ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | kan'yōon |

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 官話 (MC kwan hwaejH).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かんわ [kàńwá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kã̠ɰ̃β̞a̠]

### Noun

官(かん)話(わ) • (kanwa)
* Mandarin; Guanhua (group of Northern Chinese dialects including Putonghua (Standard Chinese))

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 官 | 話 |

### Noun

官話 • (gwanhwa) (hangeul 관화)
* hanja form of 관화 (“Mandarin; Guanhua (group of Northern Chinese dialects including Putonghua (Standard Chinese))”)

## Okinawan

Kanji in this term :
| 官 | 話 |
| くゎん Grade: 4 | ふぁー Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 官話 (MC kwan hwaejH). Cognate to Japanese 官話 (kanwa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʷam̩ɸaː/

### Noun

官(くゎん)話(ふぁー) (kwanfā)
* Mandarin; Guanhua (group of Northern Chinese dialects including Putonghua (Standard Chinese))

### References

* “くぁんふぁー・くゎんふぁー【官話】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
* “クヮンファー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 官 | 話 |

### Noun

官話
* chữ Hán form of Quan thoại (“Mandarin; Guanhua”).