# ⲱϥⲉ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲱⲃⲉ (ōbe), ⲱⲃ (ōb) — Sahidic
* ⲱϥ (ōf) — Sahidic, Akhmimic
* ⲱϥⲓ (ōfi) — Bohairic

### Verb

ⲱϥⲉ • (ōfe) (nominal state ⲉϥ- or ⲱϥ-, pronominal state ⲟϥ⸗)
* (Sahidic) to press

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲱϥⲉ ōfe | imperative | affirmative | ⲱϥⲉ ōfe |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲱϥⲉ tm̄ōfe | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥⲉ m̄pr̄ōfe |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲱϥⲉ tiōfe | ⲕⲱϥⲉ kōfe | ⲧⲉⲱϥⲉ teōfe | ϥⲱϥⲉ fōfe | ⲥⲱϥⲉ sōfe | ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ tn̄ōfe | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ tetn̄ōfe | ⲥⲉⲱϥⲉ seōfe | ⲱϥⲉ ōfe |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ eïōfe | ⲉⲕⲱϥⲉ ekōfe | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ ereōfe | ⲉϥⲱϥⲉ efōfe | ⲉⲥⲱϥⲉ esōfe | ⲉⲛⲱϥⲉ enōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ etetn̄ōfe | ⲉⲩⲱϥⲉ euōfe | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ ere- ōfe |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲱϥⲉ etiōfe | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥⲉ etk̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲱϥⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ eteōfe, etereōfe | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲱϥⲉ etf̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥⲉ ets̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ etn̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ etetn̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱϥⲉ etouōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ etere- ōfe |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ neïōfe | ⲛⲉⲕⲱϥⲉ nekōfe | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ nereōfe | ⲛⲉϥⲱϥⲉ nefōfe | ⲛⲉⲥⲱϥⲉ nesōfe | ⲛⲉⲛⲱϥⲉ nenōfe | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ netetn̄ōfe | ⲛⲉⲩⲱϥⲉ neuōfe | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ nere- ōfe |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ tinaōfe | ⲕⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ knaōfe | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ tenaōfe | ϥⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ fnaōfe | ⲥⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ snaōfe | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ tn̄naōfe | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ tetnaōfe | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ senaōfe | ⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ naōfe |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ eïnaōfe | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ eknaōfe | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ erenaōfe | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ efnaōfe | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ esnaōfe | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ ennaōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ etetnaōfe | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ eunaōfe | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ ere- naōfe |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ etinaōfe | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ etk̄naōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ etenaōfe, eterenaōfe | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ etf̄naōfe | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ ets̄naōfe | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ etn̄naōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ etetnaōfe | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ etounaōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ etere- naōfe |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ neïnaōfe | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ neknaōfe | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ nerenaōfe | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ nefnaōfe | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ nesnaōfe | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ nennaōfe | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ netetnaōfe | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ neunaōfe | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ nere- naōfe |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ aïōfe | ⲁⲕⲱϥⲉ akōfe | ⲁⲱϥⲉ, ⲁⲣⲱϥⲉ, ⲁⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ aōfe, arōfe, areōfe | ⲁϥⲱϥⲉ afōfe | ⲁⲥⲱϥⲉ asōfe | ⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ anōfe | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ atetn̄ōfe | ⲁⲩⲱϥⲉ auōfe | ⲁ- ⲱϥⲉ a- ōfe |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥⲉ m̄piōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥⲉ m̄pk̄ōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥⲉ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥⲉ m̄peōfe, m̄pr̄ōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥⲉ m̄pf̄ōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥⲉ m̄ps̄ōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ m̄pn̄ōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ m̄petn̄ōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥⲉ m̄pouōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ m̄pe- ōfe |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ eaïōfe | ⲉⲁⲕⲱϥⲉ eakōfe | ⲉⲁⲱϥⲉ, ⲉⲁⲣⲱϥⲉ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ eaōfe, earōfe, eareōfe | ⲉⲁϥⲱϥⲉ eafōfe | ⲉⲁⲥⲱϥⲉ easōfe | ⲉⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ eanōfe | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ eatetn̄ōfe | ⲉⲁⲩⲱϥⲉ eauōfe | ⲉⲁ- ⲱϥⲉ ea- ōfe |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥⲉ em̄piōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥⲉ em̄pk̄ōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥⲉ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥⲉ em̄peōfe, em̄pr̄ōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥⲉ em̄pf̄ōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥⲉ em̄ps̄ōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ em̄pn̄ōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ em̄petn̄ōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥⲉ em̄pouōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ em̄pe- ōfe |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ entaïōfe, n̄taïōfe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲱϥⲉ entakōfe, n̄takōfe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϥⲉ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲱϥⲉ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ entaōfe, n̄taōfe, entarōfe, n̄tarōfe, entareōfe, n̄tareōfe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲱϥⲉ entafōfe, n̄tafōfe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱϥⲉ entasōfe, n̄tasōfe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ entanōfe, n̄tanōfe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ entatetn̄ōfe, n̄tatetn̄ōfe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲱϥⲉ entauōfe, n̄tauōfe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲱϥⲉ enta- ōfe, n̄ta- ōfe |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥⲉ etem̄piōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥⲉ etem̄pk̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥⲉ etem̄peōfe, etem̄pr̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥⲉ etem̄pf̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥⲉ etem̄ps̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ etem̄pn̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ etem̄petn̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥⲉ etem̄pouōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ etem̄pe- ōfe |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ neaïōfe | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲱϥⲉ neakōfe | ⲛⲉⲁⲱϥⲉ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲱϥⲉ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ neaōfe, nearōfe, neareōfe | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲱϥⲉ neafōfe | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱϥⲉ neasōfe | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ neanōfe | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ neatetn̄ōfe | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲱϥⲉ neauōfe | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲱϥⲉ nea- ōfe |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥⲉ nem̄piōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥⲉ nem̄pk̄ōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥⲉ nem̄peōfe, nem̄pr̄ōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥⲉ nem̄pf̄ōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥⲉ nem̄ps̄ōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ nem̄pn̄ōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ nem̄petn̄ōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥⲉ nem̄pouōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ nem̄pe- ōfe |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ n̄taïōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲱϥⲉ n̄takōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ n̄taōfe, n̄tarōfe, n̄tareōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲱϥⲉ n̄tafōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱϥⲉ n̄tasōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ n̄tanōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ n̄tatetn̄ōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲱϥⲉ n̄tauōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲱϥⲉ n̄ta- ōfe |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥⲉ m̄patiōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥⲉ m̄patk̄ōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥⲉ m̄pateōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥⲉ m̄patf̄ōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥⲉ m̄pats̄ōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ m̄patn̄ōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ m̄patetn̄ōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥⲉ m̄patouōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ m̄pate- ōfe |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥⲉ em̄patiōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥⲉ em̄patk̄ōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥⲉ em̄pateōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥⲉ em̄patf̄ōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥⲉ em̄pats̄ōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ em̄patn̄ōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ em̄patetn̄ōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥⲉ em̄patouōfe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ em̄pate- ōfe |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥⲉ etem̄patiōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥⲉ etem̄patk̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥⲉ etem̄pateōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥⲉ etem̄patf̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥⲉ etem̄pats̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ etem̄patn̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ etem̄patetn̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥⲉ etem̄patouōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ etem̄pate- ōfe |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥⲉ nem̄patiōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥⲉ nem̄patk̄ōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥⲉ nem̄pateōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥⲉ nem̄patf̄ōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥⲉ nem̄pats̄ōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ nem̄patn̄ōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ nem̄patetn̄ōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥⲉ nem̄patouōfe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ nem̄pate- ōfe |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ šaïōfe | ϣⲁⲕⲱϥⲉ šakōfe | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ šareōfe | ϣⲁϥⲱϥⲉ šafōfe | ϣⲁⲥⲱϥⲉ šasōfe | ϣⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ šanōfe | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ šatetn̄ōfe | ϣⲁⲩⲱϥⲉ šauōfe | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ šare- ōfe |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ meïōfe | ⲙⲉⲕⲱϥⲉ mekōfe | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ mereōfe | ⲙⲉϥⲱϥⲉ mefōfe | ⲙⲉⲥⲱϥⲉ mesōfe | ⲙⲉⲛⲱϥⲉ menōfe | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ metetn̄ōfe | ⲙⲉⲩⲱϥⲉ meuōfe | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ mere- ōfe |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ ešaïōfe | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϥⲉ ešakōfe | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ ešareōfe | ⲉϣⲁϥⲱϥⲉ ešafōfe | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϥⲉ ešasōfe | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ ešanōfe | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ ešatetn̄ōfe | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϥⲉ ešauōfe | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ ešare- ōfe |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ emeïōfe | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϥⲉ emekōfe | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ emereōfe | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϥⲉ emefōfe | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϥⲉ emesōfe | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϥⲉ emenōfe | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ emetetn̄ōfe | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϥⲉ emeuōfe | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ emere- ōfe |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ etešaïōfe, ešaïōfe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϥⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϥⲉ etešakōfe, ešakōfe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ etešareōfe, ešareōfe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲱϥⲉ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲱϥⲉ etešafōfe, ešafōfe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϥⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϥⲉ etešasōfe, ešasōfe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ etešanōfe, ešanōfe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ etešatetn̄ōfe, ešatetn̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϥⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϥⲉ etešauōfe, ešauōfe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ etešare- ōfe, ešare- ōfe |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ etemeïōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϥⲉ etemekōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ etemereōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϥⲉ etemefōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϥⲉ etemesōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϥⲉ etemenōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ etemetetn̄ōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϥⲉ etemeuōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ etemere- ōfe |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ nešaïōfe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϥⲉ nešakōfe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ nešareōfe | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲱϥⲉ nešafōfe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϥⲉ nešasōfe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ nešanōfe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ nešatetn̄ōfe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϥⲉ nešauōfe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ nešare- ōfe |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ nemeïōfe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϥⲉ nemekōfe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ nemereōfe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϥⲉ nemefōfe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϥⲉ nemesōfe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϥⲉ nemenōfe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ nemetetn̄ōfe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϥⲉ nemeuōfe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ nemere- ōfe |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ emeïōfe | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϥⲉ emekōfe | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ emereōfe | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϥⲉ emefōfe | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϥⲉ emesōfe | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϥⲉ emenōfe | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ emetetn̄ōfe | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϥⲉ emeuōfe | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ emere- ōfe |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲱϥⲉ eïeōfe | ⲉⲕⲉⲱϥⲉ ekeōfe | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ ereōfe | ⲉϥⲉⲱϥⲉ efeōfe | ⲉⲥⲉⲱϥⲉ eseōfe | ⲉⲛⲉⲱϥⲉ eneōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲱϥⲉ etetneōfe | ⲉⲩⲉⲱϥⲉ eueōfe | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ ere- ōfe |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥⲉ n̄naōfe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲱϥⲉ n̄nekōfe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲱϥⲉ n̄neōfe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲱϥⲉ n̄nefōfe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲱϥⲉ n̄nesōfe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲱϥⲉ n̄nenōfe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ n̄netn̄ōfe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲱϥⲉ n̄neuōfe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ n̄ne- ōfe |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲱϥⲉ mariōfe | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥⲉ marefōfe | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥⲉ maresōfe | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ marn̄ōfe | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥⲉ marouōfe | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ mare- ōfe |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲱϥⲉ m̄pr̄traōfe | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲱϥⲉ m̄pr̄trefōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲱϥⲉ m̄pr̄tresōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲱϥⲉ m̄pr̄trenōfe | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲱϥⲉ m̄pr̄treuōfe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ m̄pr̄tre- ōfe |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϥⲉ, ⲧⲁⲱϥⲉ n̄taōfe, taōfe | ⲛ̄ⲅⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲱϥⲉ n̄gōfe, n̄kōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲱϥⲉ n̄teōfe | ⲛ̄ϥⲱϥⲉ n̄fōfe | ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥⲉ n̄sōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ n̄tn̄ōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ n̄tetn̄ōfe | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲱϥⲉ n̄seōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ n̄te- ōfe |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϥⲉ tariōfe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥⲉ tarekōfe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ tareōfe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥⲉ tarefōfe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥⲉ taresōfe | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ tarn̄ōfe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ taretn̄ōfe | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥⲉ tarouōfe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ tare- ōfe |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲱϥⲉ n̄teriōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲱϥⲉ n̄terekōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲱϥⲉ n̄tereōfe, n̄tererōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲱϥⲉ n̄terefōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϥⲉ n̄teresōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲱϥⲉ n̄tern̄ōfe, n̄terenōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ n̄teretn̄ōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱϥⲉ n̄terouōfe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ n̄tere- ōfe |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲱϥⲉ šantiōfe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥⲉ šantk̄ōfe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲱϥⲉ šanteōfe | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲱϥⲉ šantf̄ōfe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥⲉ šants̄ōfe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ šantn̄ōfe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ šantetn̄ōfe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲱϥⲉ šantouōfe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ šante- ōfe |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ eïšanōfe | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ ekšanōfe | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ eršanōfe, erešanōfe | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ efšanōfe | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ esšanōfe | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ enšanōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ etetn̄šanōfe | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲱϥⲉ eušanōfe | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲱϥⲉ eršan- ōfe |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥⲉ eïōfe | ⲉⲕⲱϥⲉ ekōfe | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϥⲉ ereōfe | ⲉϥⲱϥⲉ efōfe | ⲉⲥⲱϥⲉ esōfe | ⲉⲛⲱϥⲉ enōfe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥⲉ etetn̄ōfe | ⲉⲩⲱϥⲉ euōfe | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥⲉ ere- ōfe |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 535b
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 231