# 獻

| 獻 | U+737B, &#29563; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-737B |
| ← 獺 [U+737A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 獼 → [U+737C] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 献 |
| Simplified | 献 |
| Traditional | 獻 |

### Han character

獻 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+16, 20 strokes, cangjie input 卜月戈大 (YBIK), four-corner 2323$_4$, composition ⿰鬳犬)

#### Derived characters

* 囐 巘 㩵 瓛 讞 䡾 钀 巚 𨏾 齾 𡔎 𭨓 𣡌 𤅊 𪺉 𧖃 𮥲 𪚋 𦉧

#### Descendants

* 献

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 721, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20783
* Dae Jaweon: page 1133, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1376, character 9
* Unihan data for U+737B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 獻 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 獻 | *sŋaːl, *hŋans, *ŋrad |
| 甗 | *ŋan, *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans |
| 巘 | *ŋranʔ, *ŋanʔ |
| 讞 | *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans, *ŋrad |
| 鬳 | *ŋans |
| 瓛 | *ɦŋʷaːn |
| 囐 | *sɡaːd |
| 齾 | *ŋaːd, *ŋraːd |
| 钀 | *ŋrad, *ŋad |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaːl, *hŋans, *ŋrad) : phonetic 鬳 (OC *ŋans) + semantic 犬 (“dog”).

### Etymology

Same word as 憲 (OC *hŋans) (Schuessler, 2007), its basic meaning being seemingly "elevate > to be elavated".
Inside the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, it's related to 甗 (OC *ŋan, *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans, “a cooking vessel consisting of a steamer 'elevated' on a three-legged boiler”). Furthermore, it's possibly cognate to Tibetan སྔར་མ (sngar ma, “sharp-witted, quick-witted, intelligent”) (ibid., Gong, 2000).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiàn (xian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hin$^3$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): hian$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hióng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hoeng$^4$ / hyeng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hiàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hiang$^3$ / hiêng$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$shi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^4$
*** Yale: syàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
*** Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hin$^3$
*** Yale: hin
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hin$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiːn³³/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hian⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hióng
*** Sinological IPA : /hyɔŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hoeng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hœŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hyeng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hyøŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàn
*** Tâi-lô: hiàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiexn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hiang$^3$ / hiêng$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiàng / hièng
*** Sinological IPA : /hiaŋ²¹³/, /hieŋ²¹³/
* hiang3 - Shantou;
* hiêng3 - Chaozhou.
* Middle Chinese: xjonH
Rime :
| Character | 獻 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (65) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許建切 |
| Baxter | xjonH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨɐn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hiɐn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiɐn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xiɐn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭɐn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xɨ̯ɐn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hin$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ̊ar-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hŋans/, /*ŋrad/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 獻 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjon$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋ̊ar-s/ |
| English | offer, present |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 獻 | 獻 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 14459 | 14467 |
| Phonetic component | 鬳 | 鬳 |
| Rime group | 元 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 獻 | 孼 |
| Old Chinese | /*hŋans/ | /*ŋrad/ |

#### Definitions

獻
* to offer; to present; to donate
* to show; to display
* (archaic) virtuous person
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zǐyuē: “Xiàlǐ, wú néng yán zhī, Qǐ bùzú zhēng yě; Yīnlǐ, wú néng yán zhī, Sòng bùzú zhēng yě. Wénxiàn bùzú gù yě, zú zé wú néng zhēng zhī yǐ.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "I could describe the ceremonies of the Xia dynasty, but Qi cannot sufficiently attest my words. I could describe the ceremonies of the Yin dynasty, but Song cannot sufficiently attest my words. (They cannot do so) because of the insufficiency of their records and wise men. If those were sufficient, I could adduce them in support of my words."
* a surname
* (neologism, slang) to commit a mass murder
    From: 2023, 《「四不青年」只能「卷躺潤獻」 中國年輕人對未來感到絕望》, 《自由時報》
    Zhōngguó wǎnglù yě yòng “juǎn tǎng rùn xiàn” xíngróng niánqīngrén de shēngcún zhuàngtài, “juǎn” jiù shì nèijuǎn, zhǐ rén yǔ rén zhī jiān jīliè jìngzhēng; “tǎng” jiù shì tǎngpíng, jí yīzhǒng fàngqì xīntài, shénme dōu bù zuò; “rùn” jiù shì líkāi zhōngguó, yímín guówài; ér “xiàn” zé shì zhǐ wúchābié dì xíjī biérén, yǐ xuānxiè xīnzhōng yuànhèn gǎn de xíngwèi. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Synonym: 獻忠／献忠 (xiànzhōng)

#### Compounds

* 三獻／三献
* 亞獻／亚献
* 供獻／供献
* 借花獻佛／借花献佛 (jièhuāxiànfó)
* 出謀獻策／出谋献策
* 分獻／分献
* 初獻／初献
* 呈獻／呈献 (chéngxiàn)
* 奉獻／奉献 (fèngxiàn)
* 奉獻物／奉献物
* 奉獻箱／奉献箱
* 寧獻王／宁献王
* 張獻忠／张献忠 (Zhāng Xiànzhōng)
* 打勤獻趣／打勤献趣
* 承歡獻媚／承欢献媚 (chénghuān xiànmèi)
* 投獻／投献 (tóuxiàn)
* 捐獻／捐献 (juānxiàn)
* 文獻／文献 (wénxiàn)
* 文獻通考／文献通考 (Wénxiàn Tōngkǎo)
* 晉獻公／晋献公
* 曝獻／曝献
* 朝獻／朝献
* 林獻堂／林献堂
* 河間獻王／河间献王
* 漢獻帝／汉献帝
* 爭妍獻媚／争妍献媚
* 獻俘／献俘
* 獻儀／献仪
* 獻功／献功
* 獻勤／献勤
* 獻可替否／献可替否
* 獻媚／献媚 (xiànmèi)
* 獻寶／献宝
* 獻技／献技 (xiànjì)
* 獻拙／献拙
* 獻捷／献捷 (xiànjié)
* 獻新／献新
* 獻旗／献旗
* 獻曝／献曝
* 獻替可否／献替可否
* 獻歲／献岁
* 獻殷勤 (xiàn yīnqín)
* 獻狀／献状
* 獻疑／献疑
* 獻神／献神
* 獻禮／献礼 (xiànlǐ)
* 獻策／献策 (xiàncè)
* 獻臺／献台
* 獻芹／献芹
* 獻花／献花 (xiànhuā)
* 獻茶／献茶
* 獻藝／献艺
* 獻計／献计 (xiànjì)
* 獻詞／献词 (xiàncí)
* 獻身／献身 (xiànshēn)
* 獻酬／献酬
* 獻醜／献丑 (xiànchǒu)
* 獻金／献金 (xiànjīn)
* 獻關／献关 (xiànguān)
* 獻首／献首 (xiànshǒu)
* 獻馘／献馘
* 王獻之／王献之
* 當場獻醜／当场献丑
* 祭獻／祭献 (jìxiàn)
* 秦獻公／秦献公
* 納土獻印／纳土献印
* 納獻／纳献 (nàxiàn)
* 終獻／终献
* 芹獻／芹献
* 貢獻／贡献 (gòngxiàn)
* 進獻／进献 (jìnxiàn)
* 酌獻／酌献
* 野人獻曝／野人献曝
* 野人獻芹／野人献芹
* 陳獻章／陈献章
* 飛觥獻斝／飞觥献斝
* 麻姑獻壽／麻姑献寿
* 黎獻／黎献

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: hiến (獻)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): suō (suo$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄛ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: suō
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: suo
*** Wade–Giles: so$^1$
*** Yale: swō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suo
*** Palladius: со (so)
*** Sinological IPA : /su̯ɔ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: sa
Rime :
| Character | 獻 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 素何切 |
| Baxter | sa |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sa/ |
| Li Rong | /sɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /sɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /sɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | suō |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | so$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ŋˤar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sŋaːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 獻 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sa › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-ŋˁar/ |
| English | to filter wine |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 獻 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 14451 |
| Phonetic component | 鬳 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 娑 |
| Old Chinese | /*sŋaːl/ |

#### Definitions

獻
* (historical) a method of filtering wine
* (historical) sacrificial wine vessel

#### Compounds

* 獻尊／献尊

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 献 |
| Kyūjitai | 獻 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 献)
* to revere, to contribute, to present

#### Readings

* Go-on: こん (kon)
* Kan-on: けん (ken)
* Kun: たてまつる (tatematsuru, 獻る)
* Nanori: すすむ (susumu)、たけ (take)、ただす (tadasu)、のぶ (nobu)

## Korean
### Hanja

獻 • (heon, sa) (hangeul 헌, 사, revised heon, sa, McCune–Reischauer hŏn, sa, Yale hen, sa)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

獻: Hán Việt readings: hiến, ta
獻: Nôm readings: hiến
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.