# 禍

| 禍 | U+798D, &#31117; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-798D |
| ← 禌 [U+798C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 禎 → [U+798E] |
| 禍 | U+FA52, &#64082; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA52 |
| ← 祝 [U+FA51] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 禎 → [U+FA53] |

## Translingual
### Han character

禍 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈火月月口 (IFBBR), four-corner 3722$_7$, composition ⿰礻咼)

#### Derived characters

* 𡁜, 𨘌, 𮒓

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 844, character 31
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24766
* Dae Jaweon: page 1265, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2402, character 4
* Unihan data for U+798D
* Unihan data for U+FA52

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 禍 :
| Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 碢 | *l'oːl |
| 腡 | *ɡ·roːl, *kʷroːl |
| 過 | *kloːl, *kloːls |
| 渦 | *kloːl, *qloːl |
| 鍋 | *kloːl |
| 楇 | *kloːl, *ɡloːls |
| 瘑 | *kloːl |
| 緺 | *koːl, *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
| 堝 | *kloːl |
| 濄 | *kloːl, *qloːl |
| 鐹 | *kloːlʔ, *kloːls |
| 薖 | *kʰloːl |
| 簻 | *kʰloːl, *kr'oːl |
| 禍 | *ɡloːlʔ |
| 窩 | *qloːl |
| 萵 | *qloːl |
| 檛 | *kr'oːl |
| 膼 | *kr'oːl |
| 蝸 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
| 媧 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
| 騧 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
| 冎 | *kroːlʔ |
| 剮 | *kroːlʔ |
| 諣 | *qʰroːls, *qʰʷroːls |
| 歄 | *kʷroːl |
| 咼 | *kʰʷroːl |
| 喎 | *kʰʷroːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡloːlʔ) : semantic 示 (“sacrifice”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huò (huo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wo$^6$ / wo$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fo
* Jin (Wiktionary): hue$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): huā
* Eastern Min (BUC): huô
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hǒ͘ / hō / ě / ē
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hua$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huò
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huò
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^4$
*** Yale: hwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
*** Palladius: хо (xo)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wo$^6$ / wo$^5$
*** Yale: woh / wóh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wo$^6$ / wo$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wo$^6$ / wo$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔː²²/, /wɔː¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fo
*** Hakka Romanization System: fo
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fo⁵⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: hue$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuɤ⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huā
*** Sinological IPA : /xua⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huô
*** Sinological IPA : /huɔ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǒ͘
*** Tâi-lô: hǒo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō
*** Tâi-lô: hō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoi
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ho²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ho³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ě
*** Tâi-lô: ě
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /e²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ē
*** Tâi-lô: ē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: e
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /e³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /e²²/
* hǒ͘/hō - literary;
* ě/ē - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit禍 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xuo⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /xuo⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /xuo⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /xuə²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /xuə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /xuo³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /xuo⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /xu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /xuə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /xuə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /xuɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /xuo³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /xo¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /xo²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /xo²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /xo⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /xʊ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xuɤ⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /xuə³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /xuɤ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦu²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦəu³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦo¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /vu³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /xo²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /xo²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xo⁵⁵/ /xo¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɦo²¹/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /fo²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /fo⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /fo⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wɔ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /wɔ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /wɔ²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ho²²/ /e²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /huɔ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xua⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hua³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ho³³/ /hua³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: hwaX
Rime :
| Character | 禍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡果切 |
| Baxter | hwaX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuɑ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuɑ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɑ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwa$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɑ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuɑ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣuɑ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wo$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ʷˤajʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡloːlʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 禍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huò |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwa$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ʷˁajʔ/ |
| English | calamity |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 禍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4375 |
| Phonetic component | 冎 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 禍 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡloːlʔ/ |

### Definitions

禍
* disaster; misfortune; calamity
    From: Tao Te Ching, 4th century BCE
    huò xī fú zhī suǒ yǐ, fú xī huò zhī suǒ fú [Pinyin]
    Misery! - happiness is to be found by its side! Happiness! - misery lurks beneath it!
** 2021 January 27, 呂爵安 (Edan Lui) (lyrics and music), “E先生連環不幸事件” (1:42 from the start):
       waan$^4$ koeng$^4$ sing$^3$ gaak$^3$ daai$^3$ loi$^4$ gang$^1$ cung$^4$ zoi$^1$ wo$^5$ [Jyutping]
       Stubborness will lead to more disasters.
* to bring disaster upon

#### Synonyms

* (disaster):
* 亂兒／乱儿 (luànr) (dialectal)
* 人禍／人祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)
* 劫 (jié) (Buddhism)
* 劫煞 (Hokkien)
* 劫難／劫难 (jiénàn)
* 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 大禍／大祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)
* 大難／大难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)
* 天災／天灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)
* 央厄 (yāng'è) (literary)
* 奇禍／奇祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)
* 巨禍／巨祸 (jùhuò) (literary)
* 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 慘事／惨事 (cǎnshì)
* 慘劇／惨剧 (cǎnjù)
* 慘禍／惨祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)
* 沙𧐔 (sua$^1$ sab$^4$) (Teochew)
* 浩劫 (hàojié)
* 災／灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)
* 災劫／灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)
* 災厄／灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)
* 災害／灾害 (zāihài)
* 災殃／灾殃 (zāiyāng)
* 災禍／灾祸 (zāihuò)
* 災變／灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)
* 災難／灾难 (zāinàn)
* 癰疽／痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)
* 眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
* 禍事／祸事 (huòshì)
* 禍害／祸害 (huòhài)
* 禍息／祸息 (ho$^5$ si$^6$) (Xiang)
* 禍患／祸患 (huòhuàn)
* 禍殃／祸殃 (huòyāng)
* (to bring disaster upon):
* 傷害／伤害 (shānghài)
* 危及 (wēijí)
* 危害 (wēihài)
* 妨害 (fánghài)
* 戕害 (qiānghài) (literary)
* 戕賊／戕贼 (literary)
* 損／损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 損傷／损伤 (sǔnshāng)
* 損害／损害 (sǔnhài)
* 暴害 (bàohài) (literary)
* 有傷／有伤 (yǒushāng) (chiefly used in derived terms)
* 禍害／祸害 (huòhài)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “disaster”): (literary, or in compounds) 福 (fú)

### Compounds

* 不測之禍／不测之祸
* 人禍／人祸 (rénhuò)
* 兵禍／兵祸 (bīnghuò)
* 兵連禍結／兵连祸结
* 兵革之禍／兵革之祸
* 包藏禍心／包藏祸心 (bāocáng-huòxīn)
* 召禍／召祸
* 因禍得福／因祸得福 (yīnhuòdéfú)
* 因禍為福／因祸为福
* 大禍／大祸 (dàhuò)
* 大禍臨頭／大祸临头
* 天災人禍／天灾人祸 (tiānzāirénhuò)
* 奇禍／奇祸 (qíhuò)
* 女禍／女祸 (nǚhuò)
* 嫁禍／嫁祸 (jiàhuò)
* 嫁禍於人／嫁祸于人 (jiàhuòyúrén)
* 巨禍／巨祸 (jùhuò)
* 幸災樂禍／幸灾乐祸 (xìngzāilèhuò)
* 悔禍／悔祸
* 惡稔禍盈／恶稔祸盈
* 惡積禍盈／恶积祸盈
* 惡貫禍盈／恶贯祸盈
* 惹災招禍／惹灾招祸
* 惹禍／惹祸 (rěhuò)
* 惹禍招愆／惹祸招愆
* 惹禍招殃／惹祸招殃
* 惹禍招災／惹祸招灾
* 慘禍／惨祸 (cǎnhuò)
* 戰禍／战祸 (zhànhuò)
* 戰禍連年／战祸连年
* 扠禍／扠祸
* 招災攬禍／招灾揽祸
* 招禍／招祸
* 搞禍／搞祸
* 撞禍／撞祸 (zhuànghuò)
* 旦夕禍福／旦夕祸福
* 樂禍／乐祸
* 樂禍幸災／乐祸幸灾
* 橫殃飛禍／横殃飞祸
* 橫災飛禍／横灾飞祸
* 橫禍／横祸
* 橫禍非災／横祸非灾
* 橫禍飛災／横祸飞灾
* 殃國禍家／殃国祸家
* 殺身之禍／杀身之祸 (shāshēnzhīhuò)
* 毋望之禍／毋望之祸
* 池魚之禍／池鱼之祸 (chíyúzhīhuò)
* 滔天大禍／滔天大祸
* 滅族之禍／灭族之祸 (mièzú zhī huò)
* 滅門之禍／灭门之祸
* 潛包禍謀／潜包祸谋
* 潛身遠禍／潜身远祸
* 災梨禍棗／灾梨祸枣
* 災禍／灾祸 (zāihuò)
* 無妄之禍／无妄之祸
* 焚如之禍／焚如之祸
* 直言取禍／直言取祸
* 直言賈禍／直言贾祸
* 眉睫之禍／眉睫之祸
* 神作禍作／神作祸作
* 禍不反踵／祸不反踵
* 禍不單行／祸不单行 (huòbùdānxíng)
* 禍不妄至／祸不妄至
* 禍不旋踵／祸不旋踵
* 禍中有福／祸中有福
* 禍亂／祸乱 (huòluàn)
* 禍亂交興／祸乱交兴
* 禍亂滔天／祸乱滔天
* 禍事／祸事 (huòshì)
* 禍作福階／祸作福阶
* 禍來神昧／祸来神昧
* 禍出不測／祸出不测
* 禍到臨頭／祸到临头
* 福善禍淫／福善祸淫 (fúshànhuòyín)
* 禍因惡積／祸因恶积
* 禍國殃民／祸国殃民 (huòguóyāngmín)
* 禍在旦夕／祸在旦夕
* 禍在目前／祸在目前 (huò zài mùqián)
* 禍害／祸害 (huòhài)
* 禍弄／祸弄
* 禍從口出／祸从口出
* 禍從天降／祸从天降
* 禍心／祸心 (huòxīn)
* 禍患／祸患 (huòhuàn)
* 禍根／祸根 (huògēn)
* 禍梯／祸梯
* 禍棗災梨／祸枣灾梨
* 禍殃／祸殃 (huòyāng)
* 禍母／祸母
* 禍水／祸水 (huòshuǐ)
* 福為禍先／福为祸先
* 禍為福先／祸为福先
* 福為禍始／福为祸始
* 禍生不測／祸生不测
* 禍生於忽／祸生于忽
* 禍生肘腋／祸生肘腋 (huòshēngzhǒuyè)
* 禍發蕭牆／祸发萧墙
* 禍發齒牙／祸发齿牙
* 禍盈惡稔／祸盈恶稔
* 禍祟／祸祟 (huòsuì)
* 禍福／祸福 (huòfú)
* 禍福倚伏／祸福倚伏
* 禍福同門／祸福同门
* 禍福惟人／祸福惟人
* 禍福有命／祸福有命
* 禍福無偏／祸福无偏
* 禍福無常／祸福无常
* 禍福無門／祸福无门
* 禍福由人／祸福由人
* 禍福相倚／祸福相倚
* 禍福相生／祸福相生
* 禍福與共／祸福与共
* 禍福靡常／祸福靡常
* 禍稔惡盈／祸稔恶盈
* 禍稔蕭牆／祸稔萧墙
* 禍種頭／祸种头
* 禍端／祸端 (huòduān)
* 禍結兵連／祸结兵连
* 禍絕福連／祸绝福连
* 禍結釁深／祸结衅深
* 禍胎／祸胎 (huòtāi)
* 禍與福鄰／祸与福邻
* 禍起蕭牆／祸起萧墙 (huòqǐxiāoqiáng)
* 禍起隱微／祸起隐微
* 禍起飛語／祸起飞语
* 禍首／祸首 (huòshǒu)
* 禍首罪魁／祸首罪魁
* 移禍／移祸 (yíhuò)
* 移禍江東／移祸江东
* 空頭禍／空头祸
* 罪魁禍首／罪魁祸首 (zuìkuíhuòshǒu)
* 肇禍／肇祸 (zhàohuò)
* 肇禍者／肇祸者
* 自取其禍／自取其祸 (zìqǔqíhuò)
* 苞藏禍心／苞藏祸心
* 蕭牆之禍／萧墙之祸
* 蕭牆禍起／萧墙祸起
* 被災蒙禍／被灾蒙祸
* 被禍／被祸
* 要寵召禍／要宠召祸
* 資怨助禍／资怨助祸
* 賈禍／贾祸 (gǔhuò)
* 赤禍／赤祸
* 車禍／车祸 (chēhuò)
* 轉禍為福／转祸为福
* 連環車禍／连环车祸 (liánhuán chēhuò)
* 遺禍／遗祸 (yíhuò)
* 避禍／避祸
* 避禍就福／避祸就福
* 釀禍／酿祸
* 闖禍／闯祸 (chuǎnghuò)
* 飛來橫禍／飞来横祸 (fēiláihènghuò)
* 飛殃走禍／飞殃走祸
* 飛災橫禍／飞灾横祸
* 飛禍／飞祸
* 鬩牆之禍／阋墙之祸
* 黃禍／黄祸 (huánghuò)
* 黨禍／党祸 (dǎnghuò)
* 黨錮之禍／党锢之祸
* 齒牙為禍／齿牙为祸

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 禍 |
| Kyūjitai | 禍 &#xFA52; or 禍+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 禍󠄀 禍+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 禍󠄃 禍+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 禍)
* disaster; calamity; misfortune

#### Readings

* Go-on: が (ga)、わ (wa)
* Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
* Kun: わざわい (wazawai, 禍い)、まが (maga, 禍)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 禍
* わざわい Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 禍 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 禍 – see the following entry. :
| 【災わざわい】 | [noun] calamity; catastrophe Alternative spelling 殃 |
(This term, 禍, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 禍
* まが Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 禍 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 禍 – see the following entry. :
| 【まが】 | [adjective] [from 712] (archaic) bad; disastrous |
(This term, 禍, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ “禍”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

## Korean
### Hanja

禍 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)
* disaster, calamity

## Vietnamese
### Han character

禍: Hán Nôm readings: họa/hoạ, vạ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.