# 皇上
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): huángshang
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˊ ˙ㄕㄤ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хуоншон (huonšon, I-III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wong$^4$ soeng$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hông-siōng / hông-siāng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huángshang
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ˙ㄕㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huángshång
*** Wade–Giles: huang$^2$-shang$^5$
*** Yale: hwáng-shang
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwang.shang
*** Palladius: хуаншан (xuanšan)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂɑŋ³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хуоншон (huonšon, I-III)
*** Sinological IPA : /xuɑŋ²⁴ ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wong$^4$ soeng$^6$
*** Yale: wòhng seuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wong$^4$ soeng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wong$^4$ sêng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔːŋ²¹ sœːŋ²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-siōng
*** Tâi-lô: hông-siōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongsiong
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-siāng
*** Tâi-lô: hông-siāng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongsiang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³⁻²² siaŋ²²/
* Middle Chinese: hwang dzyangX
Rime :
| Character | 皇 | 上 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (102) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 胡光切 | 時掌切 |
| Baxter | hwang | dzyangX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦwɑŋ/ | /d͡ʑɨɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷɑŋ/ | /d͡ʑiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɑŋ/ | /d͡ʑiɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwaŋ/ | /d͡ʑɨaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɑŋ/ | /ʑiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuɑŋ/ | /ʑĭaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣwɑŋ/ | /ʑi̯aŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huáng | shàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wong$^4$ | soeng$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤaŋ Cə-daŋʔ|m-daŋʔ|daŋʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaːŋ djaŋʔ|djaŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 皇 | 皇 | 上 | 上 | 上 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huáng | huáng | shàng | shàng | shàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwang › | ‹ hwang › | ‹ dzyang$^X$ › | ‹ dzyang$^X$ › | ‹ dzyang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/ | /*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/ | /*Cə-daŋʔ/ | /*m-daŋʔ/ | /*daŋʔ-s/ |
| English | yellow and white spotted | sovereign | ascend | to put up | top, above (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 皇 | 上 | 上 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 12696 | 11102 | 11103 |
| Phonetic component | 王 | 上 | 上 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 黃 | 上 | 尚 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷaːŋ/ | /*djaŋʔ/ | /*djaŋs/ |
| Notes | 禮王制鄭注冕屬， 金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文 | | |

### Noun

皇上
* the emperor
* Your Majesty; His Majesty (when directed to an emperor)

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 황상(皇上) (hwangsang)
* → Vietnamese: hoàng thượng (皇上)

#### See also

* 皇帝 (huángdì)