# 如是我聞
## Chinese

| | | like this; so; such | I; me | hear; news; celebratedhear; news; celebrated; sniff at |
| trad. (如是我聞) | trad. (如是我聞) | 如是 | 我 | 聞 |
| simp. (如是我闻) | simp. (如是我闻) | 如是 | 我 | 闻 |
| anagram | anagram | 我聞如是／我闻如是 | 我聞如是／我闻如是 | 我聞如是／我闻如是 |
* 如是我聞

### Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit एवं मया श्रुतम् (evaṃ mayā śrutam). The syntax of this translation directly reflects the original Sanskrit as opposed to the lesser-used 我聞如是／我闻如是 (wǒwénrúshì). The "I" in the translation generally refers to the Buddha's cousin Ānanda 阿難／阿难 (Ānán), renowned for having the best memory among the Buddha's disciples.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rúshìwǒwén
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˊ ㄕˋ ㄨㄛˇ ㄨㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^4$ si$^6$ ngo$^5$ man$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): jû-sī-ngó͘-bûn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rúshìwǒwén
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ ㄕˋ ㄨㄛˇ ㄨㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rúshìhwǒwún
*** Wade–Giles: ju$^2$-shih$^4$-wo$^3$-wên$^2$
*** Yale: rú-shr̀-wǒ-wén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rushyhwoowen
*** Palladius: жушивовэнь (žušivovɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐu³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^4$ si$^6$ ngo$^5$ man$^4$
*** Yale: yùh sih ngóh màhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^4$ si$^6$ ngo$^5$ man$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^4$ xi$^6$ ngo$^5$ men$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː²¹ siː²² ŋɔː¹³ mɐn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jû-sī-ngó͘-bûn
*** Tâi-lô: jû-sī-ngóo-bûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jusixngofbuun
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu²³⁻³³ si³³⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun²³/
* Middle Chinese: nyo dzyeX ngaX mjun
Rime :
| Character | 如 | 是 | 我 | 聞 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 常 (25) | 疑 (31) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 支 (11) | 歌 (94) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III | I | III |
| Fanqie | 人諸切 | 承紙切 | 五可切 | 無分切 |
| Baxter | nyo | dzyeX | ngaX | mjun |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨʌ/ | /d͡ʑiᴇ$^X$/ | /ŋɑ$^X$/ | /mɨun/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɔ/ | /d͡ʑiɛ$^X$/ | /ŋɑ$^X$/ | /miun/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑiɔ/ | /d͡ʑjɛ$^X$/ | /ŋɑ$^X$/ | /miuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵɨə̆/ | /d͡ʑiə̆$^X$/ | /ŋa$^X$/ | /mun/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiɔ/ | /ʑie$^X$/ | /ŋɑ$^X$/ | /miuən/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭo/ | /ʑǐe$^X$/ | /ŋɑ$^X$/ | /mĭuən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯wo/ | /ʑie̯$^X$/ | /ŋɑ$^X$/ | /mi̯uən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rú | shì | ě | wén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^4$ | si$^6$ | ngo$^5$ | man$^4$ |

### Phrase

如是我聞
* (Buddhism) Thus have I heard... (a common opening of Buddhist texts)
       From: The Avataṃsaka Sūtra, translated by Śikṣānanda circa 7th century CE
       Rúshìwǒwén: yīshí, fó zài Mójiétíguó ālánrě fǎ pútí chǎng zhōng, shǐ chéng zhèngjiào. [Pinyin]
       Thus have I heard: The Buddha was once at the dharma-bodhimanda in the forest of Magādha (Bodh Gayā), just having attained enlightenment.

### References

* ↑ Jiandao Shi, Jianxun Shi, Jiajuan Xiong, "Chinese language and Buddhism" in The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Applied Linguistics (2019).

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 如 | 是 | 我 | 聞 |
| にょ Grade: S | ぜ Grade: S | が Grade: 6 | もん Grade: 2 |
| goon ||||

### Etymology

Derived from Middle Chinese 如是我聞 (MC nyo dzyeX ngaX mjun), from Sanskrit एवं मया श्रुतम् (evaṃ mayā śrutam).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɲ̟o̞ze̞ ɡa̠mõ̞ɴ]

### Phrase

如(にょ)是(ぜ)我(が)聞(もん) • (nyoze gamon)
* (Buddhism) Thus have I heard... (a common opening of Buddhist texts)