# تف
## Arabic
### Verb

تَفِ • (tafi) (form I) /ta.fi/
* inflection of وَفَى (wafā):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive

## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ptyēw- (“to spit, vomit”). Akin to Ossetian ту (tu, “spittle”), Sanskrit ष्ठीवति (ṣṭhīvati, “to spit”), Armenian թուք (tʻukʻ, “spit, spittle”), Serbo-Croatian pljuvati (“to spit”), Ancient Greek πτύω (ptúō, “to spit out”), Latin spuō (“to spit”), English spew.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [tuf]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰʊf]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰʊf]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰʊf]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰuf]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰof]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰuf]

#### Noun

تف • (tof)
* spittle, spit
    Synonym: خیو (xayu)

##### Derived terms

* تف کردن (tof kardan)

### Etymology 2

Related to Old Armenian տապ (tap, “heat”), an Iranian borrowing. Related to تب (tab).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [taf]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäf]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäf]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰäf]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰäf]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰæf]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰäf]

#### Noun

تف • (taf)
* flame, heat, warmth

##### Derived terms

* تف دادن (taf dâdan)

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “تف”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ت ف ف
* 1 term

### Etymology

Imitative of spitting. Form II means “to utter a тьфу (tʹfu)” (as a common interjection nowadays goes in Russian).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taff/, [taf]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

تفّ • (taff) I (present بتفّ (bitiff, bitoff))
* to spit

#### Usage notes

* The non-past forms of this verb are typically pronounced with the vowel “i” by Palestinians and “u” by Jordanians.

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of تفّ (taff), present: بتفّ (bitiff) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | تفّيت (taffēt) | تفّيت (taffēt) | تفّ (taff) | تفّينا (taffēna) | تفّيتو (taffētu) | تفّو (taffu) |
| past | f | تفّيت (taffēt) | تفّيتي (taffēti) | تفّت (taffat) | تفّينا (taffēna) | تفّيتو (taffētu) | تفّو (taffu) |
| present | m | بتفّ (batiff) | بتتفّ (bittiff) | بتفّ (bitiff) | منتفّ (mintiff) | بتتفّو (bittiffu) | بتفّو (bitiffu) |
| present | f | بتفّ (batiff) | بتتفّي (bittiffi) | بتتفّ (bittiff) | منتفّ (mintiff) | بتتفّو (bittiffu) | بتفّو (bitiffu) |
| subjunctive | m | اتفّ (atiff) | تتفّ (ttiff) | يتفّ (ytiff) | نتفّ (ntiff) | تتفّو (ttiffu) | يتفّو (ytiffu) |
| subjunctive | f | اتفّ (atiff) | تتفّي (ttiffi) | تتفّ (ttiff) | نتفّ (ntiff) | تتفّو (ttiffu) | يتفّو (ytiffu) |
| imperative | m | | تفّ (tiff) | | | تفّو (tiffu) | |
| imperative | f | | تفّي (tiffi) | | | تفّو (tiffu) | |
Conjugation of تفّ (taff), present: بتفّ (bitoff) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | تفّيت (taffēt) | تفّيت (taffēt) | تفّ (taff) | تفّينا (taffēna) | تفّيتو (taffētu) | تفّو (taffu) |
| past | f | تفّيت (taffēt) | تفّيتي (taffēti) | تفّت (taffat) | تفّينا (taffēna) | تفّيتو (taffētu) | تفّو (taffu) |
| present | m | بتفّ (batoff) | بتتفّ (bittoff) | بتفّ (bitoff) | منتفّ (mintoff) | بتتفّو (bittoffu) | بتفّو (bitoffu) |
| present | f | بتفّ (batoff) | بتتفّي (bittoffi) | بتتفّ (bittoff) | منتفّ (mintoff) | بتتفّو (bittoffu) | بتفّو (bitoffu) |
| subjunctive | m | اتفّ (atoff) | تتفّ (ttoff) | يتفّ (ytoff) | نتفّ (ntoff) | تتفّو (ttoffu) | يتفّو (ytoffu) |
| subjunctive | f | اتفّ (atoff) | تتفّي (ttoffi) | تتفّ (ttoff) | نتفّ (ntoff) | تتفّو (ttoffu) | يتفّو (ytoffu) |
| imperative | m | | تفّ (toff) | | | تفّو (toffu) | |
| imperative | f | | تفّي (toffi) | | | تفّو (toffu) | |

### References

* ↑ Fridrik E. Tiedemann (2015) The 101 Most Used Verbs In Spoken Arabic: Jordan and Palestine, Amman: The Author, →ISBN, page 155