# 泛濫
## Chinese

| | | float; general; vague | excessive; indiscriminate |
| trad. (泛濫/氾濫/汎濫) | trad. (泛濫/氾濫/汎濫) | 泛/氾/汎 | 濫 |
| simp. (泛滥) | simp. (泛滥) | 泛 | 滥 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fànlàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˋ ㄌㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faan$^3$ laam$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fam-lam
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hoàn-lām
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fànlàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˋ ㄌㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fànlàn
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^4$-lan$^4$
*** Yale: fàn-làn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fannlann
*** Palladius: фаньлань (fanʹlanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ län⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faan$^3$ laam$^6$
*** Yale: faan laahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faan$^3$ laam$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fan$^3$ lam$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːn³³ laːm²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam-lam
*** Hakka Romanization System: fam lam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fam$^4$ lam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fam⁵⁵ lam⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoàn-lām
*** Tâi-lô: huàn-lām
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoarnlam
*** IPA (Xiamen): /huan²¹⁻⁵³ lam²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan²¹⁻⁵³ lam²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /huan¹¹⁻⁵³ lam³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan²¹⁻⁴¹ lam³³/
* Middle Chinese: phjomH lamH
Rime :
| Character | 泛 | 濫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 凡 (146) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 孚梵切 | 盧𣊟切 |
| Baxter | phjomH | lamH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰɨɐm$^H$/ | /lɑm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰiɐm$^H$/ | /lɑm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰiɐm$^H$/ | /lɑm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰuam$^H$/ | /lam$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰiɐm$^H$/ | /lɑm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰĭwɐm$^H$/ | /lɑm$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pʰi̯wɐm$^H$/ | /lɑm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fàn | làn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faan$^3$ | laam$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰoms ɡ·raːms/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 泛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ phjom$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰ(r)[o]m-s/ |
| English | to float |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 泛 | 濫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| No. | 2844 | 6094 |
| Phonetic component | 乏 | 監 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 汎 | |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰoms/ | /*ɡ·raːms/ |

### Verb

泛濫
* to flood; to inundate; to overflow
* (figurative, of something bad) to spread unchecked; to run rampant
* (archaic) to float and sink in the water

#### Synonyms

* (to spread unchecked): (literary) 濫觴／滥觞 (lànshāng)

### Adjective

泛濫
* (archaic) widespread; extensive; wide-ranging

#### Synonyms

* 共通 (gòngtōng)
* 廣／广
* 廣泛／广泛 (guǎngfàn)
* 普通 (pǔtōng)
* 普遍
* 流行 (liúxíng)
* 遍 (literary, or in compounds)

### Derived terms

* 泛濫博文／泛滥博文
* 泛濫平原／泛滥平原
* 泛濫成災／泛滥成灾 (fànlànchéngzāi)
* 自由泛濫／自由泛滥

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 氾濫(はんらん) (hanran)
* → Korean: 범람(汎濫) (beomnam)
Others
* → Lingao: fam² lam²

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 泛 | 濫 |
| はん Hyōgai | らん Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 泛濫 – see the following entry. :
| 【氾濫はんらん】 | [noun] for water levels to increase and overflow; a flood, flooding [noun] for many undesirable things to appear; an overflow [verb] to flood, to overflow Alternative spellings 汎濫, はん濫 |
(This term, 泛濫, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :