# 殉

| 殉 | U+6B89, &#27529; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B89 |
| ← 殈 [U+6B88] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 殊 → [U+6B8A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

殉 (Kangxi radical 78, 歹+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一弓心日 (MNPA), four-corner 1722$_0$, composition ⿰歹旬)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 580, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16448
* Dae Jaweon: page 972, character 30
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1386, character 6
* Unihan data for U+6B89

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 枃 | *skins |
| 笉 | *skʰinʔ |
| 郇 | *ɡʷreːn, *sqʰʷin |
| 絢 | *qʰʷiːns |
| 眴 | *qʰʷiːns, *ɡʷiːns, *sqʰʷin, *qʰʷjins, *ŋʷjin |
| 盷 | *ɡʷiːn |
| 訇 | *ɡʷiːn, *qʰʷreːŋ |
| 迿 | *ɡʷiːns, *sqʰʷins |
| 姰 | *ɡʷiːns, *sqʰʷin |
| 畇 | *l'iːŋ, *sqʰʷin, *sɢʷin, *ɢʷin |
| 荀 | *sqʰʷin |
| 詢 | *sqʰʷin |
| 洵 | *sqʰʷin, *sɢʷin |
| 恂 | *sqʰʷin |
| 峋 | *sqʰʷin |
| 珣 | *sqʰʷin |
| 槆 | *sqʰʷin |
| 筍 | *sqʰʷinʔ |
| 箰 | *sqʰʷinʔ |
| 旬 | *sɢʷin |
| 殉 | *sɢʷins |
| 徇 | *sɢʷins |
| 侚 | *sɢʷins |
| 均 | *kʷin |
| 鈞 | *kʷin |
| 袀 | *kʷin |
| 汮 | *kʷin, *kʷrin |
| 呁 | *kʷins |
| 筠 | *ɡʷin |
| 荺 | *ɢʷin, *ɡʷinʔ |
| 匀 | *ɢʷin |
| 韵 | *ɢʷins |
| 輷 | *qʰʷreːŋ, *qʰʷreːŋs |
| 揈 | *qʰʷreːŋ |
| 鍧 | *qʰʷreːŋ |
| 渹 | *qʰʷreːŋ |
| 赹 | *ɡʷeŋ |
| 憌 | *ɡʷeŋ |
| 惸 | *ɡʷeŋ |
| 咰 | *sqʰʷrid |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɢʷins) : semantic 歹 + phonetic 旬 (OC *sɢʷin).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xùn (xun$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seon$^1$ / seon$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sŭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): song$^4$ / suong$^4$ / song$^5$ / suong$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sūn / sûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sung$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syùn
*** Wade–Giles: hsün$^4$
*** Yale: syùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunn
*** Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seon$^1$ / seon$^6$
*** Yale: sēun / seuhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soen$^1$ / soen$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sên$^1$ / sên$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵn⁵⁵/, /sɵn²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sŭng
*** Sinological IPA : /suŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: song$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɔŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: suong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬuoŋ⁴²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: song$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɔŋ²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: suong$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬuoŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sūn
*** Tâi-lô: sūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sun
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sun²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sun³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sûn
*** Tâi-lô: sûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suun
*** IPA (Taipei): /sun²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sung$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sûng
*** Sinological IPA : /suŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: zwinH
Rime :
| Character | 殉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 辭閏切 |
| Baxter | zwinH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ziuɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zʷin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zjuen$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zwin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ziuĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭuĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /zi̯uĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xùn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | seon$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.[ɢ]ʷi[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sɢʷins/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 殉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xùn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zwin$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.[ɢ]ʷi[n]-s/ |
| English | accompany in death |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 殉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16398 |
| Phonetic component | 匀 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 殉 |
| Old Chinese | /*sɢʷins/ |

### Definitions

殉
* to be buried alive with the dead
* to die for the cause of; to be a martyr for
* (literary) to pursue

### Compounds

* 以身殉國／以身殉国
* 以身殉職／以身殉职 (yǐshēnxùnzhí)
* 以身殉道
* 因公殉職／因公殉职 (yīngōngxùnzhí)
* 小人殉財／小人殉财
* 捐生殉國／捐生殉国
* 殉利
* 殉名
* 殉國／殉国
* 殉情 (xùnqíng)
* 殉情記／殉情记
* 殉教 (xùnjiào)
* 殉節／殉节 (xùnjié)
* 殉義／殉义
* 殉義忘生／殉义忘生
* 殉義忘身／殉义忘身
* 殉職／殉职 (xùnzhí)
* 殉葬 (xùnzàng)
* 殉葬品
* 殉財／殉财
* 殉身
* 殉道 (xùndào)
* 殉道者 (xùndàozhě)
* 殉難／殉难 (xùnnàn)

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “殉”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 272.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅん (jun, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しゅん (shun)
* Kun: したがう (shitagau, 殉う)

## Korean
### Hanja

殉 (eum 순 (sun))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

殉: Hán Nôm readings: tuẫn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.