# 亡國
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wángguó
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mong$^4$ gwok$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): mong$^3$ gok$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bông-kok
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wángguó
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wángguó
*** Wade–Giles: wang$^2$-kuo$^2$
*** Yale: wáng-gwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wanggwo
*** Palladius: ванго (vango)
*** Sinological IPA : /wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$亡國／亡国 王國／王国
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mong$^4$ gwok$^3$
*** Yale: mòhng gwok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mong$^4$ gwok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mong$^4$ guog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: mong$^3$ gok$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbɔŋ²² kɔk̚⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bông-kok
*** Tâi-lô: bông-kok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bongkog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: mjang kwok
Rime :
| Character | 亡 | 國 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) | 德 (132) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 武方切 | 古或切 |
| Baxter | mjang | kwok |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mʉɐŋ/ | /kwək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mʷiɐŋ/ | /kʷək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miuɑŋ/ | /kuək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muaŋ/ | /kwək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /miuaŋ/ | /kuək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭwaŋ/ | /kuək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /miwaŋ/ | /kwək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wáng | guo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mong$^4$ | gwak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*maŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*maŋ kʷɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 亡 | 國 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wáng | guó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjang › | ‹ kwok › |
| Old Chinese | /*maŋ/ | /*[C.q]ʷˁək/ |
| English | flee; disappear; die | state (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 亡 | 國 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12662 | 5547 |
| Phonetic component | 亡 | 或 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 亡 | 國 |
| Old Chinese | /*maŋ/ | /*kʷɯːɡ/ |

### Verb

亡⫽國 (verb-object) (intransitive)
* (of a state) to perish

#### Derived terms

* 亡國之音／亡国之音 (wángguó zhī yīn)
* 亡國奴／亡国奴 (wángguónú)

### Noun

亡國
* (Classical) perished state
    From: The Art of War, circa 5th century BCE
    Wángguó bù kěyǐ fù cún, sǐzhě bù kěyǐ fùshēng. [Pinyin]
    The perished states cannot be refounded, and the dead cannot come back to life.

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 亡(ぼう)国(こく) (bōkoku)
* → Korean: 망국(亡國) (mangguk)
* → Vietnamese: vong quốc (亡國)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 亡 | 國 |
| ぼう Grade: 6 | こく Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 亡國 – see the following entry. :
| 【亡国ぼうこく】 | [noun] the destruction of a country [noun] a perished/destroyed country |
(This term, 亡國, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 亡 | 國 |

### Noun

亡國 • (mangguk) (hangeul 망국)
* hanja form of 망국

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 亡 | 國 |

### Verb

亡國
* chữ Hán form of vong quốc (“to lose one's country; to perish (of a state)”).