# 生物
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shēngwù
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ ㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sang$^1$ mat$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sên-vu̍t / sâng-vu̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sên$^1$ vud$^6$ / sang$^1$ vud$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĕng-ŭk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): seng$^1$ boh$^7$ / seng$^1$ buoh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): seng-bu̍t / sng-bu̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sên$^1$ muêh$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$sen-veq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēngwù
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ ㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shengwù
*** Wade–Giles: shêng$^1$-wu$^4$
*** Yale: shēng-wù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shengwuh
*** Palladius: шэнъу (šɛnʺu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sang$^1$ mat$^6$
*** Yale: sāng maht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sang$^1$ mat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seng$^1$ med$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐŋ⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên-vu̍t / sâng-vu̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: sen$^ˊ$ vud / sang$^ˊ$ vud
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sen$^1$ vud$^6$ / sang$^1$ vud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴⁻¹¹ vut̚⁵/, /saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ vut̚⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sên$^1$ vud$^6$ / sang$^1$ vud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɛn⁴⁴ ʋut̚⁵/, /saŋ⁴⁴ ʋut̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕng-ŭk
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛiŋ⁵⁵ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋuʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: seng$^1$ boh$^7$ [Phonetic: seng$^5$ moh$^7$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(p-)}$mɔʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: seng$^1$ buoh$^7$ [Phonetic: seng$^5$ muoh$^7$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(p-)}$muoʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng-bu̍t
*** Tâi-lô: sing-bu̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sengbut
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² but̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ but̚⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² but̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng-bu̍t
*** Tâi-lô: sng-bu̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sngbut
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³ but̚²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sên$^1$ muêh$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seⁿ mue̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /sẽ³³⁻²³ mueʔ⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$sen-veq
*** MiniDict: sen$^平$ veh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$sen-veq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sən⁵⁵ vəʔ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: sraeng mjut
Rime :
| Character | 生 | 物 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) | 物 (60) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 所庚切 | 文弗切 |
| Baxter | sraeng | mjut |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠæŋ/ | /mɨut̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚaŋ/ | /miut̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃaŋ/ | /miuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂaɨjŋ/ | /mut̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃɐŋ/ | /miuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃɐŋ/ | /mĭuət̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʂɐŋ/ | /mi̯uət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shēng | wù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sang$^1$ | mat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sreŋ C.mut/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ mɯd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 生 | 物 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shēng | wù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sræng › | ‹ mjut › |
| Old Chinese | /*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?) | /*C.mut/ |
| English | bear, be born; live | thing |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 生 | 物 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11312 | 13218 |
| Phonetic component | 生 | 勿 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 生 | 物 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰleːŋ/ | /*mɯd/ |

### Noun

生物
* (biology) organism; living being; lifeform (Classifier: 個／个)
* biology (study of all life or living matter)

#### Synonyms

* (organism):
* 有機體／有机体 (yǒujītǐ)
* 機體／机体 (jītǐ)
* 活物 (huówù)
* 生物體／生物体 (shēngwùtǐ)
* (biology): 生物學／生物学 (shēngwùxué)

#### Antonyms

* 死物 (sǐwù)

### Adjective

生物
* (attributive) biological; bio-

### Derived terms

* 原核生物 (yuánhé shēngwù)
* 原生生物 (yuánshēng shēngwù)
* 古生物 (gǔshēngwù)
* 古生物學／古生物学 (gǔshēngwùxué)
* 寄生物 (jìshēngwù)
* 底棲生物／底栖生物
* 廣食性生物／广食性生物
* 微生物 (wēishēngwù)
* 海洋生物
* 浮游生物 (fúyóu shēngwù)
* 生物化學／生物化学 (shēngwù huàxué)
* 生物危害 (shēngwù wēihài)
* 生物危險／生物危险 (shēngwù wēixiǎn)
* 生物合成 (shēngwù héchéng)
* 生物因子
* 生物圈 (shēngwùquān)
* 生物地理學／生物地理学 (shēngwù dìlǐxué)
* 生物多樣性／生物多样性 (shēngwù duōyàngxìng)
* 生物學／生物学 (shēngwùxué)
* 生物工程 (shēngwù gōngchéng)
* 生物戰／生物战
* 生物時鐘／生物时钟
* 生物武器 (shēngwù wǔqì)
* 生物永生 (shēngwù yǒngshēng)
* 生物治療／生物治疗 (shēngwù zhìliáo)
* 生物潛能／生物潜能
* 生物界
* 生物相 (shēngwùxiāng)
* 生物科技 (shēngwù kējì)
* 生物群 (shēngwùqún)
* 生物群聚
* 生物能 (shēngwùnéng)
* 生物能源 (shēngwù néngyuán)
* 生物製劑／生物制剂 (shēngwù zhìjì)
* 生物質能／生物质能 (shēngwù zhìnéng)
* 生物量 (shēngwùliàng)
* 生物鐘／生物钟 (shēngwùzhōng)
* 生物防治 (shēngwù fángzhì)
* 生物降解 (shēngwù jiàngjiě)
* 生物降解性 (shēngwù jiàngjiěxìng)
* 生物降解能力 (shēngwù jiàngjiě nénglì)
* 生物電流／生物电流
* 生物食品
* 生物體／生物体 (shēngwùtǐ)
* 生物鹼／生物碱 (shēngwùjiǎn)
* 真核生物 (zhēnhé shēngwù)
* 非生物界
* 餌料生物／饵料生物

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 生物(せいぶつ) (seibutsu)
* → Korean: 생물(生物) (saengmul)
* → Vietnamese: sinh vật (生物)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 生 | 物 |
| せい Grade: 1 | ぶつ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せーぶつ [séꜜèbùtsù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [se̞ːbɯ̟t͡sɨ]

#### Noun

生(せい)物(ぶつ) • (seibutsu)
* an organism; a life form
    Synonym: 生き物 (ikimono)

#### See also

* 生(せい)物(ぶつ)学(がく) (seibutsugaku)
* 生(せい)命(めい) (seimei)
* 生(せい)物(ぶつ)時(ど)計(けい) (seibutsudokei)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 生 | 物 |
| なま Grade: 1 | もの Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 生物 – see the following entry. :
| 【なまもの】 | [noun] raw / unprocessed food Alternative spelling 生もの |
(This term, 生物, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 生 | 物 |

### Noun

生物 • (saengmul) (hangeul 생물)
* hanja form of 생물 (“organism”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 生 | 物 |

### Noun

生物
* chữ Hán form of sinh vật (“organism”).