# 衰弱
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shuāiruò
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄞ ㄖㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi$^1$ joek$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sôi-ngio̍k
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): soe-lio̍k / soe-jio̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shuāiruò
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄞ ㄖㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shuairuò
*** Wade–Giles: shuai$^1$-jo$^4$
*** Yale: shwāi-rwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuairuoh
*** Palladius: шуайжо (šuajžo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵⁵ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seoi$^1$ joek$^6$
*** Yale: sēui yeuhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soey$^1$ joek$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêu$^1$ yêg$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵy̯⁵⁵ jœːk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sôi-ngio̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: soi$^ˊ$ ngiog
*** Hagfa Pinyim: soi$^1$ ngiog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /soi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯ok̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soe-lio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: sue-lio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soeliok
*** IPA (Taipei): /sue⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sue³³ liɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sue⁴⁴⁻²² liɔk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soe-jio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: sue-jio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soejiok
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sue⁴⁴⁻³³ ziɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sue⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziɔk̚¹²¹/

### Verb

衰弱
* to fall away; to waste away; to weaken

#### Synonyms

* 消減／消减 (xiāojiǎn)
* 消退 (xiāotuì)
* 減退／减退 (jiǎntuì)
* 衰退 (shuāituì)

#### Derived terms

* 神經衰弱／神经衰弱 (shénjīng shuāiruò)

### Adjective

衰弱
* feeble; weak; faint

#### Synonyms

* 冉弱 (rǎnruò) (literary)
* 單薄／单薄 (dānbó)
* 孤單／孤单 (gūdān)
* 孱弱 (chánruò) (literary)
* 弱 (ruò)
* 微弱 (wēiruò)
* 柔弱 (róuruò)
* 瘦弱 (shòuruò)
* 瘦瘠 (shòují)
* 羸弱 (léiruò)
* 脆弱 (cuìruò)
* 荏弱 (Hokkien)
* 薄弱 (bóruò)
* 虛弱／虚弱 (xūruò)
* 虛荏／虚荏 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 虛虧／虚亏 (xūkuī)
* 虧弱／亏弱 (kuīruò)
* 軟弱／软弱 (ruǎnruò)
* 軟蔫蔫／软蔫蔫 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 軟䭕／软𬲕 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 雌 (cí) (literary)
* 體弱／体弱 (tǐruò)

#### Antonyms

* 堅強／坚强 (jiānqiáng)
* 堅毅／坚毅 (jiānyì)
* 強健／强健 (qiángjiàn)
* 茁壯／茁壮 (zhuózhuàng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 衰(すい)弱(じゃく) (suijaku)
* → Korean: 쇠약(衰弱) (soeyak)
* → Vietnamese: suy nhược (衰弱)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 衰 | 弱 |
| すい Grade: S | じゃく Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) すいじゃく [sùíjákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sɨiʑa̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

衰(すい)弱(じゃく) • (suijaku)
* breakdown, collapse, emaciation, debility

#### Derived terms

* 衰(すい)弱(じゃく)死(し) (suijakushi)
* 神(しん)経(けい)衰(すい)弱(じゃく) (shinkei suijaku)
* 精(せい)神(しん)衰(すい)弱(じゃく) (seishin suijaku)

### Verb

衰(すい)弱(じゃく)する • (suijaku suru) intransitive suru (stem 衰(すい)弱(じゃく)し (suijaku shi), past 衰(すい)弱(じゃく)した (suijaku shita))
* to break down, to collapse
* to waste away, to fall into decline, to weaken

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 衰弱し | すいじゃくし | suijaku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 衰弱し | すいじゃくし | suijaku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 衰弱する | すいじゃくする | suijaku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 衰弱する | すいじゃくする | suijaku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 衰弱すれ | すいじゃくすれ | suijaku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 衰弱せよ¹ 衰弱しろ² | すいじゃくせよ¹ すいじゃくしろ² | suijaku seyo¹ suijaku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 衰弱される | すいじゃくされる | suijaku sareru |
| Causative | 衰弱させる 衰弱さす | すいじゃくさせる すいじゃくさす | suijaku saseru suijaku sasu |
| Potential | 衰弱できる | すいじゃくできる | suijaku dekiru |
| Volitional | 衰弱しよう | すいじゃくしよう | suijaku shiyō |
| Negative | 衰弱しない | すいじゃくしない | suijaku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 衰弱せず | すいじゃくせず | suijaku sezu |
| Formal | 衰弱します | すいじゃくします | suijaku shimasu |
| Perfective | 衰弱した | すいじゃくした | suijaku shita |
| Conjunctive | 衰弱して | すいじゃくして | suijaku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 衰弱すれば | すいじゃくすれば | suijaku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 衰 | 弱 |

### Noun

衰弱 • (soeyak) (hangeul 쇠약)
* hanja form of 쇠약 (“weakness; infirmity”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 衰 | 弱 |

### Verb

衰弱
* chữ Hán form of suy nhược (“depleted (of energy); debilitated; weakened”).