# 風景
## Chinese

* 風景 (Written Standard Chinese)
* hong-kéng (Southern Min)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): fēngjǐng
       (Zhuyin): ㄈㄥ ㄐㄧㄥˇ
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): fěngjìng
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фынҗин (fɨnžin, I-II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fung$^1$ ging$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): fuung$^1$ gen$^2$
    (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): fung$^1$ ging$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): fung$^1$ jin$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fûng-kín
    (Hailu, HRS): fung$^ˋ$ gin$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fung$^1$ gin$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): hó̤ng-gěng
* Eastern Min (BUC): hŭng-*gīng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hong-kéng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^1$ gêng$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$fon-cin$_5$ / $^1$fon-cin$_3$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hong$^1$ jin$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēngjǐng → fēngjing (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄥ ㄐㄧㄥˇ → ㄈㄥ ˙ㄐㄧㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fongji̊ng
*** Wade–Giles: fêng$^1$-ching$^5$
*** Yale: fēng-jing
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feng.jiing
*** Palladius: фэнцзин (fɛnczin)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ → /fɤŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥iŋ²/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: fěngjìng
*** Sinological IPA : /fəŋ²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фынҗин (fɨnžin, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /fəŋ²⁴ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fung$^1$ ging$^2$
*** Yale: fūng gíng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fung$^1$ ging$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fung$^1$ ging$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: fuung$^1$ gen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɵŋ³³ ken⁵⁵/
** (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
*** Jyutping++: fung$^1$ ging$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊŋ³³ kɪŋ²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: fung$^1$ jin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuŋ⁴² t͡ɕin²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûng-kín
*** Hakka Romanization System: fung$^ˊ$ gin$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fung$^1$ gin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /fuŋ²⁴ kin³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fung$^ˋ$ gin$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /fuŋ⁵³ kin²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fung$^1$ gin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /fʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kin³¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hó̤ng-gěng
*** Sinological IPA : /xɔŋ⁵⁴ keiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭng-*gīng
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ kiŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-kéng
*** Tâi-lô: hong-kíng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongkeang
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^1$ gêng$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang kéng
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ³³⁻²³ keŋ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$fon-cin$_5$
*** MiniDict: fon$^平$ cin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$fon-jin$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /foŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/
** (Northern: Suzhou, Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^1$fon-cin$_3$
*** MiniDict: fon$^平$ cin$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /foŋ⁴⁴ t͡ɕin/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /foŋ⁴⁴ t͡ɕin²¹/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: hong$^1$ jin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xʊŋ³³ t͡ɕin⁴¹/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /xən³³ t͡ɕin⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: pjuwng kjaengX
Rime :
| Character | 風 | 景 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 方戎切 | 居影切 |
| Baxter | pjuwng | kjaengX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨuŋ/ | /kˠiæŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piuŋ/ | /kᵚiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuŋ/ | /kiaŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puwŋ/ | /kiajŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /piuŋ/ | /kiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭuŋ/ | /kĭɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pi̯uŋ/ | /ki̯ɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fēng | jǐng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fung$^1$ | ging$^2$ |

### Noun

風景
* scenery; landscape; view; scene (Classifier: 個／个 m)
    如畫的風景／如画的风景 ― rúhuà de fēngjǐng ― picturesque landscape
       Zhège guójiā yǒu hěnduō měilì de fēngjǐng. [Pinyin]
       This country has a lot of beautiful landscapes.
* (obsolete) circumstances

#### Synonyms

* (scenery):
* 光景 (guāngjǐng)
* 勝景／胜景 (shèngjǐng) (wonderful scenery)
* 勝概／胜概 (shènggài) (beautiful scenery, literary)
* 山川 (shānchuān) (figurative)
* 山水 (shānshuǐ) (figurative)
* 春景 (chūnjǐng) (spring scenery)
* 春色 (chūnsè) (spring scenery)
* 景物 (jǐngwù)
* 景致 (jǐngzhì)
* 景色 (jǐngsè)
* 景觀／景观 (jǐngguān)
* 景象 (jǐngxiàng) (literary)
* 氣象／气象 (qìxiàng) (literary)
* 秀色 (xiùsè) (beautiful scenery)
* 秋景 (qiūjǐng) (autumn scenery)
* 秋色 (qiūsè) (autumn scenery)
* 美景 (měijǐng) (beautiful scenery)
* 花月 (huāyuè) (literary)
* 雨景 (yǔjǐng) (rainy scene)
* 風光／风光
* 風物／风物 (fēngwù)
* 風貌／风貌 (fēngmào)

#### Derived terms

* 煞風景／煞风景
* 風景區／风景区 (fēngjǐngqū)
* 風景照／风景照
* 風景畫／风景画
* 風景線／风景线 (fēngjǐngxiàn)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 風景(ふうけい) (fūkei)
* → Korean: 풍경(風景) (punggyeong)
* → Vietnamese: phong cảnh (風景)

### References

* “Entry #50704”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 風 | 景 |
| ふう Grade: 2 | けい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふうけー [fúꜜùkèè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟ːke̞ː]

### Noun

風(ふう)景(けい) • (fūkei)
* scenery, landscape, view
    Synonyms: 眺め, 景色, 光景, 眺望, ビュー
    パナマの田舎(いなか)は美(うつく)しい風景(ふうけい)がある。
       Panama no inaka wa utsukushii fūkei ga aru.
       Panama's countryside has beautiful landscapes.
* scene

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 風 | 景 |

### Noun

風景 • (punggyeong) (hangeul 풍경)
* hanja form of 풍경 (“scenery, landscape”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 風 | 景 |

### Noun

風景
* chữ Hán form of phong cảnh (“scenery; landscape”).