# qala
## Aymara
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qala/

### Noun

qala
* stone, rock

#### References

Glosbe

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Ultimately from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

qala (definite accusative qalanı, plural qalalar)
* castle
    Synonym: qəsr
* tower
    Synonyms: bürc, qüllə

#### Declension
## Fanagalo
### Etymology

From Zulu -qala.

### Verb

qala
* to start, to begin

## Maltese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʔaː.la/

### Noun

qala f (plural qaliet)
* inlet

## Phuthi
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-qála
* to start, to begin

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Southern Ndebele
### Verb

-qala$^?$
* to look

#### Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kǃâːla]

### Verb

-qâla
* to begin, to start

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* isiqalo

## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǃâːla/

### Verb

-qâla
* (intransitive) to begin, to start, to commence
* (transitive) to begin, to start, to initiate, to set off
* (transitive) to provoke, to start a fight with
* (transitive) to launch

#### Inflection

Tone HH :
| Infinitive | ukuqala |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqala | ukungaqali |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qala | -qale |
| Plural | qalani | -qaleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqala, ngiqala | engiqalayo, engiqala | ngiqala | angiqali | engingaqali | ngingaqali |
| 2nd singular | uyaqala, uqala | oqalayo, oqala | uqala | awuqali | ongaqali | ungaqali |
| 1st plural | siyaqala, siqala | esiqalayo, esiqala | siqala | asiqali | esingaqali | singaqali |
| 2nd plural | niyaqala, niqala | eniqalayo, eniqala | niqala | aniqali | eningaqali | ningaqali |
| Class 1 | uyaqala, uqala | oqalayo, oqala | eqala | akaqali | ongaqali | engaqali |
| Class 2 | bayaqala, baqala | abaqalayo, abaqala | beqala | abaqali | abangaqali | bengaqali |
| Class 3 | uyaqala, uqala | oqalayo, oqala | uqala | awuqali | ongaqali | ungaqali |
| Class 4 | iyaqala, iqala | eqalayo, eqala | iqala | ayiqali | engaqali | ingaqali |
| Class 5 | liyaqala, liqala | eliqalayo, eliqala | liqala | aliqali | elingaqali | lingaqali |
| Class 6 | ayaqala, aqala | aqalayo, aqala | eqala | awaqali | angaqali | engaqali |
| Class 7 | siyaqala, siqala | esiqalayo, esiqala | siqala | asiqali | esingaqali | singaqali |
| Class 8 | ziyaqala, ziqala | eziqalayo, eziqala | ziqala | aziqali | ezingaqali | zingaqali |
| Class 9 | iyaqala, iqala | eqalayo, eqala | iqala | ayiqali | engaqali | ingaqali |
| Class 10 | ziyaqala, ziqala | eziqalayo, eziqala | ziqala | aziqali | ezingaqali | zingaqali |
| Class 11 | luyaqala, luqala | oluqalayo, oluqala | luqala | aluqali | olungaqali | lungaqali |
| Class 14 | buyaqala, buqala | obuqalayo, obuqala | buqala | abuqali | obungaqali | bungaqali |
| Class 15 | kuyaqala, kuqala | okuqalayo, okuqala | kuqala | akuqali | okungaqali | kungaqali |
| Class 17 | kuyaqala, kuqala | okuqalayo, okuqala | kuqala | akuqali | okungaqali | kungaqali |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqalile, ngiqalē | engiqalile, engiqalē | ngiqalile, ngiqalē | angiqalanga | engingaqalanga | ngingaqalanga |
| 2nd singular | uqalile, uqalē | oqalile, oqalē | uqalile, uqalē | awuqalanga | ongaqalanga | ungaqalanga |
| 1st plural | siqalile, siqalē | esiqalile, esiqalē | siqalile, siqalē | asiqalanga | esingaqalanga | singaqalanga |
| 2nd plural | niqalile, niqalē | eniqalile, eniqalē | niqalile, niqalē | aniqalanga | eningaqalanga | ningaqalanga |
| Class 1 | uqalile, uqalē | oqalile, oqalē | eqalile, eqalē | akaqalanga | ongaqalanga | engaqalanga |
| Class 2 | baqalile, baqalē | abaqalile, abaqalē | beqalile, beqalē | abaqalanga | abangaqalanga | bengaqalanga |
| Class 3 | uqalile, uqalē | oqalile, oqalē | uqalile, uqalē | awuqalanga | ongaqalanga | ungaqalanga |
| Class 4 | iqalile, iqalē | eqalile, eqalē | iqalile, iqalē | ayiqalanga | engaqalanga | ingaqalanga |
| Class 5 | liqalile, liqalē | eliqalile, eliqalē | liqalile, liqalē | aliqalanga | elingaqalanga | lingaqalanga |
| Class 6 | aqalile, aqalē | aqalile, aqalē | eqalile, eqalē | awaqalanga | angaqalanga | engaqalanga |
| Class 7 | siqalile, siqalē | esiqalile, esiqalē | siqalile, siqalē | asiqalanga | esingaqalanga | singaqalanga |
| Class 8 | ziqalile, ziqalē | eziqalile, eziqalē | ziqalile, ziqalē | aziqalanga | ezingaqalanga | zingaqalanga |
| Class 9 | iqalile, iqalē | eqalile, eqalē | iqalile, iqalē | ayiqalanga | engaqalanga | ingaqalanga |
| Class 10 | ziqalile, ziqalē | eziqalile, eziqalē | ziqalile, ziqalē | aziqalanga | ezingaqalanga | zingaqalanga |
| Class 11 | luqalile, luqalē | oluqalile, oluqalē | luqalile, luqalē | aluqalanga | olungaqalanga | lungaqalanga |
| Class 14 | buqalile, buqalē | obuqalile, obuqalē | buqalile, buqalē | abuqalanga | obungaqalanga | bungaqalanga |
| Class 15 | kuqalile, kuqalē | okuqalile, okuqalē | kuqalile, kuqalē | akuqalanga | okungaqalanga | kungaqalanga |
| Class 17 | kuqalile, kuqalē | okuqalile, okuqalē | kuqalile, kuqalē | akuqalanga | okungaqalanga | kungaqalanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqala | engāqala | ngāqala | angiqalanga | engingaqalanga | ngingaqalanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqala | owāqala | wāqala | awuqalanga | ongaqalanga | ungaqalanga |
| 1st plural | sāqala | esāqala | sāqala | asiqalanga | esingaqalanga | singaqalanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqala | enāqala | nāqala | aniqalanga | eningaqalanga | ningaqalanga |
| Class 1 | wāqala | owāqala | āqala | akaqalanga | ongaqalanga | engaqalanga |
| Class 2 | bāqala | abāqala | bāqala | abaqalanga | abangaqalanga | bengaqalanga |
| Class 3 | wāqala | owāqala | wāqala | awuqalanga | ongaqalanga | ungaqalanga |
| Class 4 | yāqala | eyāqala | yāqala | ayiqalanga | engaqalanga | ingaqalanga |
| Class 5 | lāqala | elāqala | lāqala | aliqalanga | elingaqalanga | lingaqalanga |
| Class 6 | āqala | āqala | āqala | awaqalanga | angaqalanga | engaqalanga |
| Class 7 | sāqala | esāqala | sāqala | asiqalanga | esingaqalanga | singaqalanga |
| Class 8 | zāqala | ezāqala | zāqala | aziqalanga | ezingaqalanga | zingaqalanga |
| Class 9 | yāqala | eyāqala | yāqala | ayiqalanga | engaqalanga | ingaqalanga |
| Class 10 | zāqala | ezāqala | zāqala | aziqalanga | ezingaqalanga | zingaqalanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqala | olwāqala | lwāqala | aluqalanga | olungaqalanga | lungaqalanga |
| Class 14 | bāqala | obāqala | bāqala | abuqalanga | obungaqalanga | bungaqalanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqala | okwāqala | kwāqala | akuqalanga | okungaqalanga | kungaqalanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqala | okwāqala | kwāqala | akuqalanga | okungaqalanga | kungaqalanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqala | — | ngingaqala | ngingeqale | — | ngingeqale |
| 2nd singular | ungaqala | — | ungaqala | ungeqale | — | ungeqale |
| 1st plural | singaqala | — | singaqala | singeqale | — | singeqale |
| 2nd plural | ningaqala | — | ningaqala | ningeqale | — | ningeqale |
| Class 1 | angaqala | — | engaqala | angeqale | — | engeqale |
| Class 2 | bangaqala | — | bengaqala | bangeqale | — | bengeqale |
| Class 3 | ungaqala | — | ungaqala | ungeqale | — | ungeqale |
| Class 4 | ingaqala | — | ingaqala | ingeqale | — | ingeqale |
| Class 5 | lingaqala | — | lingaqala | lingeqale | — | lingeqale |
| Class 6 | angaqala | — | engaqala | angeqale | — | engeqale |
| Class 7 | singaqala | — | singaqala | singeqale | — | singeqale |
| Class 8 | zingaqala | — | zingaqala | zingeqale | — | zingeqale |
| Class 9 | ingaqala | — | ingaqala | ingeqale | — | ingeqale |
| Class 10 | zingaqala | — | zingaqala | zingeqale | — | zingeqale |
| Class 11 | lungaqala | — | lungaqala | lungeqale | — | lungeqale |
| Class 14 | bungaqala | — | bungaqala | bungeqale | — | bungeqale |
| Class 15 | kungaqala | — | kungaqala | kungeqale | — | kungeqale |
| Class 17 | kungaqala | — | kungaqala | kungeqale | — | kungeqale |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqala | engizoqala | ngizoqala | angizuqala | engingezuqala | ngingezuqala |
| 2nd singular | uzoqala | ozoqala | uzoqala | awuzuqala | ongezuqala | ungezuqala |
| 1st plural | sizoqala | esizoqala | sizoqala | asizuqala | esingezuqala | singezuqala |
| 2nd plural | nizoqala | enizoqala | nizoqala | anizuqala | eningezuqala | ningezuqala |
| Class 1 | uzoqala | ozoqala | ezoqala | akazuqala | ongezuqala | engezuqala |
| Class 2 | bazoqala | abazoqala | bezoqala | abazuqala | abangezuqala | bengezuqala |
| Class 3 | uzoqala | ozoqala | uzoqala | awuzuqala | ongezuqala | ungezuqala |
| Class 4 | izoqala | ezoqala | izoqala | ayizuqala | engezuqala | ingezuqala |
| Class 5 | lizoqala | elizoqala | lizoqala | alizuqala | elingezuqala | lingezuqala |
| Class 6 | azoqala | azoqala | ezoqala | awazuqala | angezuqala | engezuqala |
| Class 7 | sizoqala | esizoqala | sizoqala | asizuqala | esingezuqala | singezuqala |
| Class 8 | zizoqala | ezizoqala | zizoqala | azizuqala | ezingezuqala | zingezuqala |
| Class 9 | izoqala | ezoqala | izoqala | ayizuqala | engezuqala | ingezuqala |
| Class 10 | zizoqala | ezizoqala | zizoqala | azizuqala | ezingezuqala | zingezuqala |
| Class 11 | luzoqala | oluzoqala | luzoqala | aluzuqala | olungezuqala | lungezuqala |
| Class 14 | buzoqala | obuzoqala | buzoqala | abuzuqala | obungezuqala | bungezuqala |
| Class 15 | kuzoqala | okuzoqala | kuzoqala | akuzuqala | okungezuqala | kungezuqala |
| Class 17 | kuzoqala | okuzoqala | kuzoqala | akuzuqala | okungezuqala | kungezuqala |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqala | engiyoqala | ngiyoqala | angiyuqala | engingeyuqala | ngingeyuqala |
| 2nd singular | uyoqala | oyoqala | uyoqala | awuyuqala | ongeyuqala | ungeyuqala |
| 1st plural | siyoqala | esiyoqala | siyoqala | asiyuqala | esingeyuqala | singeyuqala |
| 2nd plural | niyoqala | eniyoqala | niyoqala | aniyuqala | eningeyuqala | ningeyuqala |
| Class 1 | uyoqala | oyoqala | eyoqala | akayuqala | ongeyuqala | engeyuqala |
| Class 2 | bayoqala | abayoqala | beyoqala | abayuqala | abangeyuqala | bengeyuqala |
| Class 3 | uyoqala | oyoqala | uyoqala | awuyuqala | ongeyuqala | ungeyuqala |
| Class 4 | iyoqala | eyoqala | iyoqala | ayiyuqala | engeyuqala | ingeyuqala |
| Class 5 | liyoqala | eliyoqala | liyoqala | aliyuqala | elingeyuqala | lingeyuqala |
| Class 6 | ayoqala | ayoqala | eyoqala | awayuqala | angeyuqala | engeyuqala |
| Class 7 | siyoqala | esiyoqala | siyoqala | asiyuqala | esingeyuqala | singeyuqala |
| Class 8 | ziyoqala | eziyoqala | ziyoqala | aziyuqala | ezingeyuqala | zingeyuqala |
| Class 9 | iyoqala | eyoqala | iyoqala | ayiyuqala | engeyuqala | ingeyuqala |
| Class 10 | ziyoqala | eziyoqala | ziyoqala | aziyuqala | ezingeyuqala | zingeyuqala |
| Class 11 | luyoqala | oluyoqala | luyoqala | aluyuqala | olungeyuqala | lungeyuqala |
| Class 14 | buyoqala | obuyoqala | buyoqala | abuyuqala | obungeyuqala | bungeyuqala |
| Class 15 | kuyoqala | okuyoqala | kuyoqala | akuyuqala | okungeyuqala | kungeyuqala |
| Class 17 | kuyoqala | okuyoqala | kuyoqala | akuyuqala | okungeyuqala | kungeyuqala |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqale | ngingaqali |
| 2nd singular | uqale | ungaqali |
| 1st plural | siqale | singaqali |
| 2nd plural | niqale | ningaqali |
| Class 1 | aqale | angaqali |
| Class 2 | baqale | bangaqali |
| Class 3 | uqale | ungaqali |
| Class 4 | iqale | ingaqali |
| Class 5 | liqale | lingaqali |
| Class 6 | aqale | angaqali |
| Class 7 | siqale | singaqali |
| Class 8 | ziqale | zingaqali |
| Class 9 | iqale | ingaqali |
| Class 10 | ziqale | zingaqali |
| Class 11 | luqale | lungaqali |
| Class 14 | buqale | bungaqali |
| Class 15 | kuqale | kungaqali |
| Class 17 | kuqale | kungaqali |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqala | ngangaqala, angaqala, angangaqala |
| 2nd singular | waqala | wangaqala, awaqala, awangaqala |
| 1st plural | saqala | sangaqala, asaqala, asangaqala |
| 2nd plural | naqala | nangaqala, anaqala, anangaqala |
| Class 1 | waqala | wangaqala, akaqala, akangaqala |
| Class 2 | baqala | bangaqala, abaqala, abangaqala |
| Class 3 | waqala | wangaqala, awaqala, awangaqala |
| Class 4 | yaqala | yangaqala, ayaqala, ayangaqala |
| Class 5 | laqala | langaqala, alaqala, alangaqala |
| Class 6 | aqala | angaqala, awaqala, awangaqala |
| Class 7 | saqala | sangaqala, asaqala, asangaqala |
| Class 8 | zaqala | zangaqala, azaqala, azangaqala |
| Class 9 | yaqala | yangaqala, ayaqala, ayangaqala |
| Class 10 | zaqala | zangaqala, azaqala, azangaqala |
| Class 11 | lwaqala | lwangaqala, alwaqala, alwangaqala |
| Class 14 | baqala | bangaqala, abaqala, abangaqala |
| Class 15 | kwaqala | kwangaqala, akwaqala, akwangaqala |
| Class 17 | kwaqala | kwangaqala, akwaqala, akwangaqala |

#### Derived terms

* -qaleka
* -qalisa
* isiqalo

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qala (3.9)”