# 戚戚
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīqī
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ ㄑㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cik$^1$ cik$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiak-chhiak / chhek-chhek
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīqī
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ ㄑㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cici
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^1$-chʻi$^1$
*** Yale: chī-chī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chichi
*** Palladius: цици (cici)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cik$^1$ cik$^1$
*** Yale: chīk chīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsik$^7$ tsik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qig$^1$ qig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪk̚⁵ t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak-chhiak
*** Tâi-lô: tshiak-tshiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiakchiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek-chhek
*** Tâi-lô: tshik-tshik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhekzheg
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: tshek tshek
Rime :
| Character | 戚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 倉歷切 |
| Baxter | tshek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰiek̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰiek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tʰˤiwk s.tʰˤiwk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰlɯːwɢ sʰlɯːwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 戚 | 戚 |
| Reading # | 2/4 | 4/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qī | qī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshek › | ‹ tshek › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.tʰˁiwk/ | /*s.tʰˁiwk/ |
| English | relatives | worried; sad; depressed |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 戚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11729 |
| Phonetic component | 尗 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 戚 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰlɯːwɢ/ |

#### Adjective

戚戚
* (ideophonic, literary) intimate; closely related
* (ideophonic, literary) apprehensive; distressed; sorrowful
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ tǎndàngdàng, xiǎorén cháng qīqī.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, “The superior man is satisfied and composed; the mean man is always full of distress.”
    From: Li Qingzhao, 《聲聲慢》 (A Long Melancholy Tune)
    Xúnxúnmìmì, lěnglěngqīngqīng, qīqīcǎncǎn qīqī. [Pinyin]
    Searching, seeking, seeking, searching, what comes of it but coldness and desolation, a world of dreariness and misery and stabbing pain!
* (ideophonic, literary, of one's heart) moved; swayed

##### Derived terms

* 君子坦蕩蕩，小人長戚戚／君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚
* 悲悲戚戚
* 愁戚戚
* 戚戚具爾／戚戚具尔
* 戚戚嗟嗟
* 瑣瑣戚戚／琐琐戚戚

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cùcù
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨˋ ㄘㄨˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cùcù
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨˋ ㄘㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cùcù
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻu$^4$-tsʻu$^4$
*** Yale: tsù-tsù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuhtsuh
*** Palladius: цуцу (cucu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰu⁵¹/

#### Adjective

戚戚
* (ideophonic, literary) hurried; rushed