# -r
## Chuukese
### Suffix

-r
* (indirect object suffix) them

## Estonian
### Etymology

Mostly borrowed from Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”). Cognate to Finnish -ari, -uri.

### Suffix

-r (genitive -ri, partitive -rit)
* Forms various agent nouns.
    kala "fish" → kalur "fisherman"
    tuupima "to study excessively" → tuupur "nerd"
    surfama "to surf" → surfar "surfer"
    õppima "to learn" → õppur "learner"
    rokk "rock music" → rokkar "rocker"

#### Derived terms
## Finnish
### Suffix

-r
* Alternative form of -ra

### Suffix

-r
* Alternative form of -re

## Hungarian
### Suffix

-r
* (frequentative suffix, obsolete) Added to a stem to form a verb expressing a (quickly) repeating action. No longer productive. It can be found in obscured derivatives, e.g. tántorog, kever.
* (nominal-forming suffix, obsolete) Originally it was added to nouns primarily as a diminutive suffix. Today it can be found only in obscured derivatives, e.g. tompor. No longer productive.

#### Derived terms
### References

* -r in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

## Irish
### Etymology

From the Old Irish ro- (perfective prefix).

### Suffix

-r
* A suffix added to certain preverbs and subordinating conjunctions when these occur with past tense verbs, and in the past/conditional copular form of these preverbs and conjunctions.

#### Derived terms
## Old Norse
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Suffix

-r
* denotes the nominative singular of adjectives, masculine a-stem, i-stem, u-stem, and an-stem, as well as feminine ijo-stem nouns
* denotes the nominative and accusative plurals of r- and consonant stem nouns

##### Descendants

* Icelandic: -ur
* Faroese: -ur
* Middle Norwegian: -r, -er
* Old Swedish: -er

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Norse -ᛁᛉ (-iʀ).

#### Suffix

-r
* (no longer productive, with i-mutation) -ed, forms adjectives from nouns
    ‎auga (“eye”) + ‎-r → ‎eygr (“eyed”)

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /r/

### Suffix

-r
* Suffix for the indefinite plural form of some of the nouns of the third declension, chiefly if they end in a stressed vowel except -e or -i, or if it ends in an unstressed -e.
* Suffix for the present tense, active voice, indicative mood (all persons) for a small number of Swedish verbs which ends in a vowel except -a in the infinitive; formally also for a large part of those verbs which do end in -a in infinitive.
    Hon går. ― She walks.
    Vi dansar ― We dance.

#### Usage notes

* The modern treatment is to consider also the verbs which in present tense ends in -ar to use the suffix -r, even though they frequently are denoted -ar-verbs, as if the suffix would be -ar. However, the -a- is rather interpreted as being part of the stem of the verb.
* In more casual – especially written – language, the subject is sometimes dropped in the present tense (as well as in other tenses). If the subject is assumed to be jag (I), then "Sitter på balkongen och dricker kaffe" ("Sitting on the balcony, drinking coffee" – natural-sounding) is literally "Sit on the balcony and drink coffee," but less ambiguous, since sitter (sit) and dricker (drink) are distinctly present tense. Compare "(He) sits on the balcony and drinks coffee," which is also less ambiguous. Swedish uses the same inflection for all subjects.

#### See also
##### plural suffix

* -or
* -ar
* -er
* -n

##### present tense suffix

* -er

## Turkish
### Suffix

-r
Post-vocalic form of -er.
* Simple present tense suffix.
    oku(-mak) – okur
    (to) read – he/she/it reads

#### Usage notes

* Personal suffixes are added after "-r".
    oku + -r + -um = okurum (I read)
    oku + -r + -sun = okursun (you read)
    oku + -r = okur (he/she/it reads)
    oku + -r + -uz = okuruz (we read)
    oku + -r + -sunuz = okursunuz (you read)
    oku + -r + -lar = okurlar (they read)
* If the verb ends in a consonant, then this suffix becomes "-ar", "-er", "-ır", "-ir", "-ur" or "-ür"
    -ar: yap – yapar, çık – çıkar, kon – konar, sun – sunar
    -er: et – eder, git – gider, sön – söner, büz – büzer
    -ır: kal – kalır, çıldır – çıldırır
    -ir: gel – gelir, veril – verilir
    -ur: ol – olur, bul – bulur
    -ür: gör – görür, ölün – ölünür