# 懷璧其罪
## Chinese

| | | | his; her; itshis; her; its; theirs; that; such; it (refers to something preceding it) | guilt; crime; faultguilt; crime; fault; blame; sin |
| trad. (懷璧其罪) | trad. (懷璧其罪) | 懷璧 | 其 | 罪 |
| simp. (怀璧其罪) | simp. (怀璧其罪) | 怀璧 | 其 | 罪 |

### Etymology

From Zuo Zhuan (《左傳·桓公十年》):
    初，虞叔有玉，虞公求旃。弗獻。既而悔之。曰：「周諺有之：『匹夫無罪，懷璧其罪。』吾焉用此，其以賈害也？」乃獻。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]初，虞叔有玉，虞公求旃。弗献。既而悔之。曰：「周谚有之：『匹夫无罪，怀璧其罪。』吾焉用此，其以贾害也？」乃献。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's versionChū, Yú Shū yǒu yù, Yú Gōng qiú zhān. Fú xiàn. Jì ér huǐ zhī. Yuē: “Zhōu yàn yǒu zhī: ‘Pǐfū wú zuì, huái bì qí zuì.’ Wú yān yòng cǐ, qí yǐ gǔ hài yě?” Nǎi xiàn. [Pinyin]The 3rd brother of the duke of Yu had a valuable piece of jade, which the duke asked of him. He refused it, but afterwards repented, saying, "There is the proverb in Zhou, 'A man may have no crime; — that he keeps his bi is his crime.' This jade is of no use to me; — shall I buy my hurt with it?" He then presented it to the duke.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huáibìqízuì
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄅㄧˋ ㄑㄧˊ ㄗㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): waai$^4$ bik$^1$ kei$^4$ zeoi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huáibìqízuì
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄅㄧˋ ㄑㄧˊ ㄗㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huáibìcízuèi
*** Wade–Giles: huai$^2$-pi$^4$-chʻi$^2$-tsui$^4$
*** Yale: hwái-bì-chí-dzwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwaibihchyitzuey
*** Palladius: хуайбицицзуй (xuajbiciczuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ pi⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waai$^4$ bik$^1$ kei$^4$ zeoi$^6$
*** Yale: wàaih bīk kèih jeuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waai$^4$ bik$^7$ kei$^4$ dzoey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wai$^4$ big$^1$ kéi$^4$ zêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /waːi̯²¹ pɪk̚⁵ kʰei̯²¹ t͡sɵy̯²²/
* Middle Chinese: hweaj pjiek gi dzwojX
Rime :
| Character | 懷 | 璧 | 其 | 罪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 幫 (1) | 群 (30) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (34) | 昔 (123) | 之 (19) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | III | III | I |
| Fanqie | 戸乖切 | 必益切 | 渠之切 | 徂賄切 |
| Baxter | hweaj | pjiek | gi | dzwojX |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠuɛi/ | /piᴇk̚/ | /ɡɨ/ | /d͡zuʌi$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷᵚæi/ | /piɛk̚/ | /ɡɨ/ | /d͡zuoi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɐi/ | /piæk̚/ | /ɡie/ | /d͡zuɒi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwəɨj/ | /piajk̚/ | /gɨ/ | /d͡zwəj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɛi/ | /piɛk̚/ | /ɡiə/ | /d͡zuᴀi$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣwɐi/ | /pĭɛk̚/ | /ɡĭə/ | /d͡zuɒi$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣwăi/ | /pi̯ɛk̚/ | /gi/ | /d͡zʱuɑ̆i$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huái | bi | qí | zuì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | waai$^4$ | bik$^1$ | kei$^4$ | zeoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤruj pek ɡə [dz]ˤujʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡruːl peɡ ɡɯ zuːlʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 懷 | 璧 | 其 | 罪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huái | bì | qí | zuì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwɛj › | ‹ pjiek › | ‹ gi › | ‹ dzwoj$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁruj/ | /*pek/ | /*ɡə/ | /*[dz]ˁujʔ/ |
| English | bosom; embrace | circular jade insignium | modal particle | crime, offense |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 懷 | 璧 | 其 | 罪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5341 | 676 | 9947 | 17981 |
| Phonetic component | 褱 | 辟 | 其 | 罪 |
| Rime group | 微 | 錫 | 之 | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 懷 | 辟 | 其 | 辠 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡruːl/ | /*peɡ/ | /*ɡɯ/ | /*zuːlʔ/ |
| Notes | | | | 同辠 |

### Idiom

懷璧其罪
* possessing something valuable or being talented can invite trouble due to others' envy

#### Derived terms

* 匹夫無罪，懷璧其罪／匹夫无罪，怀璧其罪