# 淚

| 淚 | U+6DDA, &#28122; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DDA |
| ← 淙 [U+6DD9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 淛 → [U+6DDB] |
| 淚 | U+F94D, &#63821; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F94D |
| ← 樓 [U+F94C] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 漏 → [U+F94E] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 淚 |
| Shinjitai | 涙 |
| Simplified | 泪 |

### Han character

淚 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水竹尸大 (EHSK) or 難水竹尸大 (XEHSK), four-corner 3313$_4$, composition ⿰氵戾)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 630, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17644
* Dae Jaweon: page 1032, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1662, character 7
* Unihan data for U+6DDA
* Unihan data for U+F94D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 錑 | *ruːds |
| 戻 | *tʰɯːds |
| 戾 | *rɯːds, *rɯːd |
| 綟 | *rɯːds, *rɯːd |
| 唳 | *rɯːds, *rɯːd |
| 蜧 | *rɯːds |
| 捩 | *rɯːds, *rɯːd |
| 悷 | *rɯːds |
| 淚 | *ruds |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruds) : semantic 水 + phonetic 戾 (OC *rɯːds, *rɯːd).

### Etymology 1

Often thought to be related to 泣 (OC *k-r̥əp, “to weep”) (Mei, 1980b; Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
However, Schuessler (2007, 2015) finds this phonologically problematic. He instead proposes that 淚 (OC *r(i)uts) derives from 流 (OC *r(i)u, “to flow”) + *-t (suffix in nouns for naturally occurring things), literally "the things that are flowing".

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): lèi, luì (lei$^4$, lui$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˋ, ㄌㄨㄟˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nui$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): leoi$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lui$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): lui$^5$ / li$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lui
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lui$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): lui$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): lṳ̄
* Eastern Min (BUC): lôi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lūi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lui$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$li
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lei$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, common; standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lèi
*** Wade–Giles: lei$^4$
*** Yale: lèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ley
*** Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /leɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, conservative)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: luì
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: luèi
*** Wade–Giles: lui$^4$
*** Yale: lwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luey
*** Palladius: луй (luj)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nui$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lui
*** Sinological IPA : /nuei²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: leoi$^6$
*** Yale: leuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɵy̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lui$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lui³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: lui$^5$ / li$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lui¹¹/, /li¹¹/
* lui5 - literary;
* li5 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: lwijH
Rime :
| Character | 淚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (16) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力遂切 |
| Baxter | lwijH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liuɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lʷi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljuɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lwi$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /lui$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lwi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /lwi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lèi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | leoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r][ə]p-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ruds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 淚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lèi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lwij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r][ə]p-s/ |
| English | tears (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 淚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7948 |
| Phonetic component | 戾 |
| Rime group | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 類 |
| Old Chinese | /*ruds/ |
| Notes | 見戰國策 |

#### Definitions

淚
* tear; teardrop
    流淚／流泪 ― liúlèi ― to shed tears
* (literary) to weep; to cry

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 淚, 涕 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 眼淚, 淚水, 淚液 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 眼淚兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 眼淚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 眼淚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 眼淚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 眼淚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 眼淚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 眼淚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 眼淚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 眼淚 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 眼淚兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 眼淚, 淚 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 淚, 眼淚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 眼淚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 淚顆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 眼淚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 眼淚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 眼淚 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 眼淚 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 眼淚 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 眼淚 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 眼淚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 眼淚, 眼淚花兒, 眼淚水, 眼流水, 眼睛水兒, 眼睛水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 眼淚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 眼淚水, 眼淚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 眼淚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 眼淚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 眼淚 †, 眼水 ‡ |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 眼力水, 眼淚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 眼水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 眼淚 †, 眼水 ‡, 眼淚水 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 眼淚 †, 馬尿 †, 眼水 ‡ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 眼淚, 眼淚水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 眼水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 眼水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 眼淚 †, 眼水 ‡ |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 眼水 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 眼淚, 眼汁 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 眼淚 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 眼淚 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 眼淚 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 眼淚 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 眼淚 |
| Gan | Jianning | 眼涕 |
| Gan | Taining | 目水 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 目汁 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 目汁, 眼水 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 眼淚 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 目汁 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 眼汁 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 眼汁 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 眼汁 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 眼汁 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 眼水 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 眼汁 |
| Hakka | Changting | 目汁 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 目汁 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 目汁 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 目汁 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 眼汁 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 眼淚 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 眼泣水 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 眼鼻水 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 目汁 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 目汁 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 目汁 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 目汁 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 目汁 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 目汁 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 眼汁 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 眼水 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 眼汁 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 眼汁 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 目汁 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 眼淚, 眼淚水 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 眼淚, 淚 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 眼淚 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 淚 |
| Jin | Linhe | 眼淚 |
| Jin | Jining | 淚 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 淚蛋蛋 |
| Jin | Baotou | 淚 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 眼淚 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 淚 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 目澤, 目澤水 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 目滓 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 目滓 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 目滓 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 目屎 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 目屎 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 目屎, 目滓 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 目屎 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 目屎, 目滓 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 目汁 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 目汁 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 目屎 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 目屎 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 目屎 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 目屎 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 目屎 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 目屎 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 目屎 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 目屎 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 目屎 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 目屎 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 目油 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 目屎 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 目屎 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 眼淚 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 目汁 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 目汁 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 目汁 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 目汁 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 目汁 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 目汁 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 目汁 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 目汁 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 目汁 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 目滓 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 目滓 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 目滓 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 目滓 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 目滓 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 目滓 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 目滓 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 目珠水 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 目珠水 |
| Shaojiang Min | Jiangle | 目汁 |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 目汁 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shunchang | 目汁 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 目睭汁 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 目汁 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 眼淚, 眼淚水 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 眼淚 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 眼水 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 眼淚水, 眼淚 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 眼淚水, 眼淚 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 眼淚, 眼淚水 |
| Wu | Danyang | 眼月 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 眼淚水兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 眼淚水, 眼淚 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 眼淚, 眼淚水 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 眼淚 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 眼漏 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 眼淚水, 眼淚 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 眼淚 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 眼淚 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 眼淚水 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 眼淚 |
| Note | † - from crying; ‡ - from irritation | † - from crying; ‡ - from irritation |

#### Compounds

* 一字一淚／一字一泪 (yīzì yī lèi)
* 偷彈珠淚／偷弹珠泪
* 催淚彈／催泪弹 (cuīlèidàn)
* 催淚瓦斯／催泪瓦斯 (cuīlèi wǎsī)
* 含悲忍淚／含悲忍泪
* 含淚／含泪 (hánlèi)
* 噙淚／噙泪
* 垂淚／垂泪 (chuílèi)
* 墮淚／堕泪
* 孤星淚／孤星泪
* 孤雛淚／孤雏泪
* 愁眉淚眼／愁眉泪眼
* 抆淚／抆泪 (wěnlèi)
* 抹淚／抹泪
* 抹淚揉眵／抹泪揉眵
* 拭淚／拭泪
* 挹淚揉眵／挹泪揉眵
* 掩淚／掩泪
* 揮淚／挥泪 (huīlèi)
* 揩淚／揩泪
* 揉眵抹淚／揉眵抹泪
* 新亭淚／新亭泪
* 欲哭無淚／欲哭无泪 (yùkūwúlèi)
* 泣淚成珠／泣泪成珠
* 流淚／流泪 (liúlèi)
* 涕淚／涕泪
* 涕淚交下／涕泪交下
* 涕淚交加／涕泪交加
* 涕淚交垂／涕泪交垂
* 涕淚交流／涕泪交流
* 涕淚交集／涕泪交集
* 涕淚交零／涕泪交零
* 涕淚俱下／涕泪俱下
* 涕淚縱橫／涕泪纵横
* 淚下交頤／泪下交颐
* 淚下如雨／泪下如雨 (lèi xià rú yǔ)
* 淚乾腸斷／泪干肠断
* 淚人／泪人 (lèirén)
* 淚人兒／泪人儿 (lèirénr)
* 淚光／泪光 (lèiguāng)
* 淚出痛腸／泪出痛肠
* 淚囊／泪囊
* 淚囊炎／泪囊炎
* 淚堂／泪堂
* 淚如泉湧／泪如泉涌 (lèirúquányǒng)
* 淚如雨下／泪如雨下 (lèirúyǔxià)
* 淚妝／泪妆
* 淚容／泪容
* 淚槽／泪槽
* 淚水／泪水 (lèishuǐ)
* 淚汪汪／泪汪汪 (lèiwāngwāng)
* 淚波／泪波
* 淚流滿面／泪流满面 (lèiliúmǎnmiàn)
* 淚涔涔／泪涔涔
* 淚液／泪液 (lèiyè)
* 淌淚／淌泪
* 淚滴／泪滴 (lèidī)
* 淚漣漣／泪涟涟
* 淚珠／泪珠 (lèizhū)
* 淚珠盈眶／泪珠盈眶
* 淚痕／泪痕 (lèihén)
* 淚盈盈／泪盈盈
* 淚盤如露／泪盘如露
* 淚眼／泪眼 (lèiyǎn)
* 淚眼愁眉／泪眼愁眉
* 淌眼抹淚／淌眼抹泪
* 淚眼汪汪／泪眼汪汪
* 淚眼矇矓／泪眼蒙眬
* 淚竹／泪竹
* 淚管／泪管
* 淚腺／泪腺 (lèixiàn)
* 淚花／泪花 (lèihuā)
* 淚蠟／泪蜡
* 淚雨／泪雨
* 淚點／泪点 (lèidiǎn)
* 滴淚／滴泪
* 漻淚／漻泪
* 潸然淚下／潸然泪下
* 灑淚／洒泪 (sǎlèi)
* 熱淚／热泪 (rèlèi)
* 熱淚盈眶／热泪盈眶 (rèlèiyíngkuàng)
* 燭淚／烛泪
* 珠淚／珠泪 (zhūlèi)
* 珠淚偷彈／珠泪偷弹
* 眼淚／眼泪 (yǎnlèi)
* 眼淚汪汪／眼泪汪汪
* 眼淚洗面／眼泪洗面
* 紅淚／红泪
* 絲淚／丝泪
* 老淚／老泪
* 老淚縱橫／老泪纵横 (lǎolèizōnghéng)
* 聲淚俱下／声泪俱下 (shēnglèijùxià)
* 落淚／落泪 (luòlèi)
* 蠟淚／蜡泪
* 血淚／血泪 (xuèlèi)
* 諂淚／谄泪
* 迸淚／迸泪
* 鉛淚／铅泪
* 閣淚／阁泪
* 雨淚／雨泪 (yùlèi)
* 零淚／零泪
* 青衫淚／青衫泪
* 鼻淚管／鼻泪管 (bílèiguǎn)

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: lệ (淚)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lì (li$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lì
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lì
*** Wade–Giles: li$^4$
*** Yale: lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹/

#### Definitions

淚
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 淒淚／凄泪

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 涙 |
| Kyūjitai | 淚 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 涙)
* tears

#### Readings

* Go-on: るい (rui)
* Kan-on: るい (rui)
* Tō-on: れい (rei)
* Kun: なみだ (namida, 淚)

## Korean
### Hanja

淚 (eumhun 눈물 루 (nunmul ru), word-initial (South Korea) 눈물 누 (nunmul nu))
* hanja form of 루/누 (“tear”)
* hanja form of 루/누 (“weep, cry”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

淚: Hán Nôm readings: lệ, lụy/luỵ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
* Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999