# 宀

| 宀 | U+5B80, &#23424; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B80 |
| ← 孿 [U+5B7F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 宁 → [U+5B81] |
| ⼧ | U+2F27, &#12071; KANGXI RADICAL ROOF |
| ← ⼦ [U+2F26] | Kangxi Radicals | ⼨ → [U+2F28] |

## Translingual
### Han character

宀 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 戈月 (IB) or 難戈月 (XIB), composition ⿱丶冖)
* Kangxi radical #40, ⼧.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/宀
* 穴, 字, 㲾, 灾, 牢, 𡥜, 𧯜, 𤇵, 𭴠, 梥, 𢜇, 𭝜, 𮔉, 賔, 賓, 𪀱, 䥌, 𭒲, 𧔃
* 𤡛, 㺙, 𥢃, 𤪓, 𦣙, 𥘀, 𧁸

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 281, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7054
* Dae Jaweon: page 551, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 909, character 13
* Unihan data for U+5B80

## Chinese

* 宀部

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 宀 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) – a house; similar to 广. According to Wang Yun (王筠), the latter character depicts a building with three walls, while the former depicts a house with four walls.
Today, the pictogram appears smaller, but a conservative character is 𰃦, which appears in 向. See also the top component of 冡 and the original version of 叟.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mián (mian$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): min$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): biân / bô͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mián
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mián
*** Wade–Giles: mien$^2$
*** Yale: myán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mian
*** Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: min$^4$
*** Yale: mìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: min$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: min$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biân / bô͘
*** Tâi-lô: biân / bôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bieen, boo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn²⁴/, /bɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn²⁴/, /bɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn¹³/, /bɔ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɛn²⁴/, /bɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn²³/, /bɔ²³/
* Middle Chinese: mjien
Rime :
| Character | 宀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 武延切 |
| Baxter | mjien |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /miᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mian/ |
| Li Rong | /miɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | min$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*me[ŋ]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*men/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 宀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mián |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjien › |
| Old Chinese | /*me[ŋ]/ (no pre-Qín exx.) |
| English | house, building |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 宀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9028 |
| Phonetic component | 宀 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 緜 |
| Old Chinese | /*men/ |

### Definitions

宀
* a type of deep house with walls on all four sides, a roof, a main hall, and back rooms
* a kind of flower
* Kangxi radical #40 宀 (“roof”)

#### Usage notes

As a component, often referred to as 寶蓋／宝盖 (bǎogài) or 寶蓋頭／宝盖头 (bǎogàitóu).

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), C02462

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* “roof” radical (ウ冠, u-kanmuri; literally “u-crown”)

#### Readings

* Go-on: めん (men)
* Kan-on: べん (ben)

## Korean
### Hanja

宀 (eumhun 집 면 (jip myeon))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

宀: Hán Nôm readings: miên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation