# 鴛鴦
## Chinese

* 鴛鴦

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuānyāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢ ㄧㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^1$ joeng$^1$ / jin$^1$ joeng$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): yon$^1$ iong
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yên-yông / yân-yông
    (Hailu, HRS): rhan$^ˋ$ rhong$^ˋ$
* Northern Min (KCR): ṳ́ing-ió̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): uŏng-iŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): eng$^1$ ieo$^1$ / eng$^1$ iuⁿ$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): oan-iuⁿ / oan-ioⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): uang$^1$ ion$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ioe-ian$_1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuānyāng → yuānyang (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢ ㄧㄤ → ㄩㄢ ˙ㄧㄤ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuanyång
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^1$-yang$^5$
*** Yale: ywān-yang
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iuan.iang
*** Palladius: юаньян (juanʹjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/ → /ɥɛn⁵⁵ jɑŋ²/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^1$ joeng$^1$ / jin$^1$ joeng$^1$
*** Yale: yūn yēung / yīn yēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^1$ joeng$^1$ / jin$^1$ joeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^1$ yêng$^1$ / yin$^1$ yêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/, /jiːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: yon$^1$ iong
*** Sinological IPA : /yɵn⁴² iɔŋ²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yên-yông
*** Hakka Romanization System: ien$^ˊ$ iong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^1$ yong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yân-yông
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian$^ˊ$ (r)iong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^1$ yong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhan$^ˋ$ rhong$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒan⁵³ ʒoŋ⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ́ing-ió̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /yiŋ⁵⁴ iɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: uŏng-iŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /uoŋ⁵⁵ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋyoŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: eng$^1$ ieo$^1$ [Phonetic: eng$^5$ ngieo$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋieu⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: eng$^1$ iuⁿ$^1$ [Phonetic: eng$^5$ ngiu$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋiu⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan-iuⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: uan-iunn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oan'viw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /uan⁴⁴⁻²² iũ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /uan⁴⁴⁻³³ iũ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uan³³ iũ³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan-ioⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: uan-ionn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oan'vioy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan⁴⁴⁻²² iɔ̃⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: uang$^1$ ion$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uang ioⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /uaŋ³³⁻²³ ĩõ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ioe-ian$_1$
*** MiniDict: ioe$^平$ ian$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$yoe-ian$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /yø⁵⁵ iã²¹/
* Middle Chinese: 'jwon|'won 'jang|'ang
Rime :
| Character | 鴛 | 鴛 | 鴦 | 鴦 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) | 魂 (55) | 陽 (105) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I | III | I |
| Fanqie | 於袁切 | 烏渾切 | 於良切 | 烏郎切 |
| Baxter | 'jwon | 'won | 'jang | 'ang |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔʉɐn/ | /ʔuən/ | /ʔɨɐŋ/ | /ʔɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔʷiɐn/ | /ʔuon/ | /ʔiɐŋ/ | /ʔɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuɐn/ | /ʔuən/ | /ʔiɑŋ/ | /ʔɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔuan/ | /ʔwən/ | /ʔɨaŋ/ | /ʔaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuɐn/ | /ʔuən/ | /ʔiaŋ/ | /ʔɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭwɐn/ | /uən/ | /ĭaŋ/ | /ɑŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔi̯wɐn/ | /ʔuən/ | /ʔi̯aŋ/ | /ʔɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuān | wēn | yāng | āng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^1$ | wan$^1$ | joeng$^1$ | ong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*quːn|qon qaːŋ|qaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鴦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔaŋ/ |
| English | female mandarin duck |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鴛 | 鴛 | 鴦 | 鴦 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 16280 | 16288 | 14472 | 14491 |
| Phonetic component | 夗 | 夗 | 央 | 央 |
| Rime group | 文 | 元 | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𥁕 | 鴛 | 鴦 | 央 |
| Old Chinese | /*quːn/ | /*qon/ | /*qaːŋ/ | /*qaŋ/ |

### Noun

鴛鴦
* mandarin duck (Classifier: 隻／只; 雙／双; 對／对)
    From: 1986, 許鏡清 Xu Jingqing (music) & 楊潔 Yang Jie (lyrics), 《女儿情》 "Maiden's Love"
    Yuānyāng shuāngqī, dié shuāngfēi; Mǎnyuán chūnsè rě rén zuì. [Pinyin]
    The Mandarin ducks, drake and hen, perch together, the butterflies fly side-by-side; The inebriating spring's colours fill the garden.
* (obsolete) ruddy shelduck
* (figurative) objects or people occurring in inseparable pairs
* (figurative) affectionate couple; happily married couple
* yuenyeung (a beverage made from mixing coffee with Hong Kong-style milk tea) (Classifier: 杯)

#### Derived terms

* 亂點鴛鴦／乱点鸳鸯
* 亂點鴛鴦譜／乱点鸳鸯谱 (luàn diǎn yuānyāngpǔ)
* 同命鴛鴦／同命鸳鸯
* 喬太守亂點鴛鴦譜／乔太守乱点鸳鸯谱
* 棒打鴛鴦／棒打鸳鸯 (bàngdǎ yuānyāng)
* 水鴛鴦／水鸳鸯
* 被底鴛鴦／被底鸳鸯
* 野鴛鴦／野鸳鸯
* 鴛鴦厝／鸳鸯厝
* 鴛鴦壽／鸳鸯寿
* 鴛鴦客／鸳鸯客
* 鴛鴦戲水／鸳鸯戏水
* 鴛鴦房／鸳鸯房
* 鴛鴦折頸／鸳鸯折颈
* 鴛鴦椽／鸳鸯椽
* 鴛鴦樓／鸳鸯楼
* 鴛鴦浴／鸳鸯浴
* 鴛鴦湖／鸳鸯湖
* 鴛鴦炒飯／鸳鸯炒饭 (yuānyāng chǎofàn)
* 鴛鴦燈／鸳鸯灯
* 鴛鴦瓦／鸳鸯瓦
* 鴛鴦臥絮／鸳鸯卧絮
* 鴛鴦蝴蝶派／鸳鸯蝴蝶派
* 鴛鴦被／鸳鸯被 (yuānyāngbèi)
* 鴛鴦鍋／鸳鸯锅 (yuānyāngguō)
* 鴛鴦魚／鸳鸯鱼 (yuānyāngyú)
* 鴛鴦鳥／鸳鸯鸟
* 鴛鴦麵／鸳鸯面

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 鴛(えん)鴦(おう) (en'ō)
* → Korean: 원앙(鴛鴦) (wonang)
* → Vietnamese: uyên ương (鴛鴦)
Others:
* → English: yuenyeung (from Cantonese)
* → English: yuanyang (from Mandarin)
* ⇒ Zhuang: roegyaemyieng

### Proper noun

鴛鴦
* (～鄉) Yuanyang (a township in Maojian district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 鴛 | 鴦 |
| おし ||
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun ||
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720.
* /wosi/ → /oɕi/
Further derivation unclear. Possibly from Old and Classical Japanese adjective 愛し (woshi, modern reading oshi, “dear, loving”), from the way the ducks are believed to mate for life and seldom stray far from one another. This interpretation is traced back to readings applied to the Nihon Shoki and understandings of the 詩経 (Shikyō, “Shījīng” or “Classic of Poetry”).
The spelling is from Chinese, with 鴛 representing the male bird and 鴦 representing the female bird.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おし [óꜜshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [o̞ɕi]

#### Noun

鴛鴦(おし) or 鴛鴦(オシ) • (oshi)
* [from 720] (archaic, poetic) older name of the 鴛鴦(おしどり) (oshidori, “mandarin duck”)
* [from 1220] a kind of 家紋(かもん) (kamon, “family crest”) featuring a mandarin duck

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as オシ.

##### Derived terms

* アメリカオシ (amerika oshi)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 鴛 | 鴦 |
| おしどり ||
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun ||
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Man'yōshū of 759.
Compound of 鴛鴦 (oshi, “mandarin duck”) +‎ 鳥 (tori, “bird”). The tori changes to dori as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おしどり [òshíꜜdòrì] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [o̞ɕido̞ɾʲi]

#### Noun

鴛鴦(おしどり) or 鴛鴦(オシドリ) • (oshidori)
* [from 759] a mandarin duck, Aix galericulata
* [from 1739] (figurative) a pair of lovebirds, a loving couple
* [from 1791] a topknot or bun hairstyle wherein the hair is bunched on each side in a shape vaguely resembling two mandarin ducks

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as オシドリ.

##### Derived terms

* 鴛鴦夫(おしどりふう)婦(ふ) (oshidori fūfu, “loving couple”)
* アメリカオシドリ (amerika oshidori)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 鴛 | 鴦 |
| えん Hyōgai | おう Hyōgai |
| kan'on ||
/weɴau/ → /weɴɔː/ → /eɴoː/
From Middle Chinese 鴛鴦 (MC 'jwon|'won 'jang|'ang, literally “male mandarin duck + female mandarin duck”). First cited in Japanese to a text from 835.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えんおー [èń'óó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ẽ̞ɰ̃o̞ː]

#### Noun

鴛(えん)鴦(おう) • (en'ō)
* [from 835] (rare) a mandarin duck, Aix galericulata
* [from early 1100s] (rare, figurative) a pair of lovebirds, a loving couple

### References

* 1 2 3 4 “鴛鴦”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 鴛 | 鴦 |

### Noun

鴛鴦 • (wonang) (hangeul 원앙)
* hanja form of 원앙 (“mandarin duck”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 鴛 | 鴦 |

### Noun

鴛鴦
* chữ Hán form of uyên ương (“mandarin duck”).