# کرن
## Malay
### Noun

کرن (plural کرن-کرن or کرن۲, informal 1st possessive کرنکو, 2nd possessive کرنمو, 3rd possessive کرنڽ)
* Jawi spelling of keran‎

## Northern Kurdish
### Verb

کرن (kirn)
* Arabic spelling of kirin (“to do, to make; to marry”)

## Persian
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

کرن • (koron)
* (music, especially Iranian traditional music) koron, a symbol used to lower a note by an interval smaller than a semitone and broadly corresponding to a quarter tone. It is used to show an effect on pitch in a similar way to a sharp or a flat.
    سی کرن ― si koron ― B lowered by an interval broadly corresponding to a quarter tone
    لا کرن ― lâ koron ― A lowered by an interval broadly corresponding to a quarter tone
    نت‌های کرن ― not-hâ-ye koron ― notes lowered by an interval broadly corresponding to a quarter-tone in Iranian traditional music

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

کرن • (koran)
* Alternative form of کرند (korand)

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit किरण (kiraṇa). First attested in c. 1518 as Middle Hindi کرن (krn /⁠kiran⁠/).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /kɪ.ɾən/
* Rhymes: -ən
* Hyphenation: کِ‧رَن

#### Noun

کِرَن • (kiran) f (Hindi spelling किरण)
* ray, beam (of light, of the sun or moon etc.)
    Synonym: شُعاع (śuʻā‘)
* tasselled lace (of silver, gold etc.)

##### Declension

Declension of کرن :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | کِرَن (kiran) | کِرَنیں (kiranẽ) |
| oblique | کِرَن (kiran) | کِرَنوں (kiranõ) |
| vocative | کِرَن (kiran) | کِرَنو (kirano) |

### Etymology 2

Semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa). First attested in c. 1657 as Middle Hindi کرن (krn /⁠karan⁠/).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /kə.ɾən/
* Rhymes: -ən
* Hyphenation: کَ‧رَن

#### Noun

کَرَن • (karan) m (Hindi spelling कर्ण) (obsolete or India)
* (anatomy) the ear

##### Declension

Declension of کرن :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | کَرَن (karan) | کَرَنیں (karanẽ) |
| oblique | کَرَن (karan) | کَرَنوں (karanõ) |
| vocative | کَرَن (karan) | کَرَنو (karano) |

### Etymology 3

Semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit करण (karaṇa). First attested in c. 1611 as Middle Hindi کرن (krn /⁠karan⁠/).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /kə.ɾən/
* Rhymes: -ən
* Hyphenation: کَ‧رَن

#### Noun

کَرَن • (karan) m (Hindi spelling करण) (chiefly India)
* making, doing
* committing (a crime)
* causing; producing

##### Declension

Declension of کرن :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | کَرَن (karan) | کَرَنیں (karanẽ) |
| oblique | کَرَن (karan) | کَرَنوں (karanõ) |
| vocative | کَرَن (karan) | کَرَنو (karano) |

### References

* ↑ “کرن”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* ↑ “کرن”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* ↑ “کرن”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

### Further reading

* “کرن”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
* Fallon, Platts, Qureshi, Shakespear (2024) “کرن”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Urdu Dictionaries]