# caur
## Latvian
### Etymology

From the adverb cauri, from the same stem as the adjective caurs (“having a hole”) (q.v.).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tsāūɾ]
* Audio:(file)

### Preposition

caur (with accusative)
* through (indicating movement through something else)
    jāt caur mežu ― to ride through the forest
    līst caur žogu ― to sneak through the fence
    saule iespīdēja caur logu ― the sun shone through the window
    elpot caur degunu, caur muti ― to breathe through the nose, through the mouth
* through (simultaneously with, alternating with)
    smaidīt caur asarām ― to smile through the tears
    viņi runāja cits caur citu ― they talked through each other (= at the same time)
* through, via (with someone's help or participation)
    saņemt ziņas caur tēvu ― to receive news through / via (one's) father

#### Derived terms

* caurredzams, caurredzamība
* caurspīdīgs, caurspīdīgums, caurspīdība
* caurums

#### Related terms

* cauri
* caurs

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “caurs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kawaros, cognate with the Germanic tribal name Charudes.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kau̯r/

### Noun

caur m (genitive caurad, nominative plural cauraid)
* hero, warrior
** c. 1100, Táin Bó Cúailnge (Strachan 1944, p 6):
    Luid Conchobar íarum ⁊ cóeca cairptech imbi do neoch ba ṡruithem ⁊ ba airegdam inna caurad.Then he set off together and fifty chariot-warriors around him, from anyone who was the noblest and most illustrious of the heroes.

#### Declension

Masculine t-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | caur | cauraid$^L$, caur | cauraid |
| Vocative | caur | cauraid$^L$, caur | caurta |
| Accusative | cauraid$^N$ | cauraid$^L$, caur | caurta |
| Genitive | caurad | caurad | caurad$^N$ |
| Dative | cauraid$^L$ | caurtaib | caurtaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: cur
** Irish: curadh

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “caur”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Matasović, Ranko (2009) “kawaro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 196
* Strachan, John, ed. (1944), Stories from the Táin. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy.

## Scots
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic ceàrr (“wrong, incorrect, immoral, astray; left”), from Old Irish cerr (“crooked, wry, maimed”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɑːr], [kɔːr]
* (Northern Scots) IPA: [kaːr], [keːr], [kɛr]

#### Adjective

caur (not comparable)
* left, left-handed
* awkward

##### Synonyms

* caurie

##### Derived terms

* caur-haundit (“left-handed”)

### Etymology 2

From Middle English carre, from Anglo-Norman carre, from Latin carra, neuter plural of carrus (“four-wheeled baggage wagon”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɑːr], [kɔːr]
* (Northern Scots, Insular Scots) IPA: [kaːr]

#### Noun

caur (plural caurs)
* car

##### Derived terms

* motorcaur (“motorcar”)
* tramcaur (“tramcar”)
* (Ulster) trottle-caur (“a low vehicle for moving hay”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɑːr], [kɔːr]
* (Northern Scots, Insular Scots) IPA: [kaːr]

#### Noun

caur
* plural of cauf