# 瞎

| 瞎 | U+778E, &#30606; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-778E |
| ← 瞍 [U+778D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瞏 → [U+778F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

瞎 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 月山十手口 (BUJQR), four-corner 6306$_1$, composition ⿰目害)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 814, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23586
* Dae Jaweon: page 1228, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2507, character 15
* Unihan data for U+778E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 轄 | *kʰaːds, *ɡraːd |
| 害 | *ɡaːds |
| 犗 | *kraːds |
| 幰 | *qʰanʔ |
| 攇 | *qʰanʔ |
| 憲 | *hŋans |
| 瀗 | *qʰans |
| 割 | *kaːd |
| 磍 | *kreːd, *kʰraːd |
| 瞎 | *qʰraːd |
| 鎋 | *ɡraːd |
| 鶷 | *ɡraːd |
| 縖 | *ɡraːd |
| 豁 | *qʰʷaːd |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xiā (xia$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ха (ha, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hat$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hat
    (Meixian, Guangdong): had$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): hăi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hah$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hat / khoeh
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hag$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^7$haq / $^7$haeq / $^7$shiaq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiā
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sia
*** Wade–Giles: hsia$^1$
*** Yale: syā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shia
*** Palladius: ся (sja)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ха (ha, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /xa²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hat$^6$
*** Yale: haht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hed$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hat
*** Hakka Romanization System: had$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: had$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /hat̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: had$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /hat̚¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hăi
*** Sinological IPA : /xai²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hah$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /haʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hah$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /haʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hat
*** Tâi-lô: hat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: had
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hat̚³²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoeh
*** Tâi-lô: khueh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoeq
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kʰueʔ³²/
* hat - literary;
* khoeh - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit瞎 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕia⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕia⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕiɑ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕia²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕia⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕia²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /xa²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕia⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕia¹³/ ～子 /xa¹³/ ～倯 |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /xa¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /xa²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕia²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕia³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕia²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕia̠³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕiɑʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕiɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xaʔ²/ /ɕiaʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /xʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕiaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /haʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /haʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɕiɑʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ha²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /xaʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /xɔ⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕia²⁴/ /xa²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /hɒ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /haʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hat̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hɑt̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɐt̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hɐt̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /hɐt̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hap̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hɑʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xai²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /hak̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hai³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: xaet
Rime :
| Character | 瞎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 黠 (71) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 許鎋切 |
| Baxter | xaet |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠat̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hᵚat̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɐt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /haɨt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /xat̚/ |
| Wang Li | /xat̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xăt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xia |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haat$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰraːd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瞎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4854 |
| Phonetic component | 害 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 瞎 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰraːd/ |
| Notes | 見釋名 |

### Definitions

瞎
* to be blind
    又聾又瞎／又聋又瞎 ― yòu lóng yòu xiā ― deaf and blind
    右眼瞎了 ― yòu yǎn xiā le ― the right eye went blind
    你瞎了眼嗎？／你瞎了眼吗？ ― Nǐ xiā le yǎn ma? ― Are you blind?
* at random; aimlessly
    瞎說／瞎说 ― xiāshuō ― to talk drivel
    瞎走 ― xiā zǒu ― to walk around aimlessly
    瞎花錢／瞎花钱 ― xiā huāqián ― to spend money foolishly
* (colloquial) to fail
* (dialectal) to become tangled
* (dialectal Mandarin, including Dungan) bad
* (Wu) very; extremely
    瞎快 [Shanghainese] ― $^7$haq-khua [Wugniu] ― very quickly

#### Synonyms

* (to be blind):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 瞽, 盲 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 失明, 瞎眼, 瞎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 瞎眼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 瞎, 盲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 瞎, 盲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 盲, 盲眼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 盲, 盲眼 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 盲 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 瞎, 盲 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 眼瞎 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 目瞎 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 目瞨, 目瞎, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 青盲 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 瞎 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Pingtian) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 青盲 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 青盲 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 瞎 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 盲 |

### Compounds

* 抓瞎 (zhuāxiā)
* 摸瞎
* 盲人瞎馬／盲人瞎马 (mángrénxiāmǎ)
* 睜眼瞎子／睁眼瞎子 (zhēngyǎn xiāzi)
* 瞎七搭八
* 瞎七瞎八
* 瞎三話四／瞎三话四
* 瞎了眼
* 瞎信 (xiāxìn)
* 瞎子 (xiāzi)
* 瞎子摸象 (xiāzimōxiàng)
* 瞎子摸魚／瞎子摸鱼
* 瞎子點燈／瞎子点灯
* 瞎帳／瞎帐
* 瞎忙 (xiāmáng)
* 瞎想
* 瞎扎呼
* 瞎抓 (xiāzhuā)
* 瞎扯 (xiāchě)
* 瞎扯臊
* 瞎拼 (xiāpīn)
* 瞎掰 (xiābāi)
* 瞎搞
* 瞎撞
* 瞎攪／瞎搅
* 瞎淘淘
* 瞎炒蛋
* 瞎猜 (xiācāi)
* 瞎畫／瞎画
* 瞎白貨／瞎白货
* 瞎眼 (xiāyǎn)
* 瞎碰
* 瞎神搗鬼／瞎神捣鬼
* 瞎編／瞎编 (xiābiān)
* 瞎聊 (xiāliáo)
* 瞎話／瞎话 (xiāhuà)
* 瞎說／瞎说 (xiāshuō)
* 瞎說八道／瞎说八道
* 瞎講／瞎讲
* 瞎謅／瞎诌
* 瞎講八講／瞎讲八讲
* 瞎鬧／瞎闹
* 瞎點子／瞎点子
* 蠻針瞎灸／蛮针瞎灸 (mánzhēnxiājiǔ)
* 說瞎話／说瞎话
* 黑燈瞎火／黑灯瞎火 (hēidēngxiāhuǒ)
* 黑瞎子 (hēixiāzi)

### References

* “瞎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “瞎”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 254.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: けち (kechi)
* Kan-on: かつ (katsu)
* Kun: かため (katame)、めくら (mekura)

## Korean
### Hanja

瞎 (eumhun 애꾸눈 할 (aekkunun hal))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

瞎: Hán Nôm readings: hạt, hắt, hặt, hát
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.