# 鑄

| 鑄 | U+9444, &#37956; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9444 |
| ← 鑃 [U+9443] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鑅 → [U+9445] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 鑄 |
| Shinjitai | 鋳 |
| Simplified | 铸 |

### Han character

鑄 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+14, 22 strokes, cangjie input 金土弓戈 (CGNI), four-corner 8414$_1$, composition ⿰釒壽)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1324, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40972
* Dae Jaweon: page 1825, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4266, character 7
* Unihan data for U+9444

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鑄 :
| Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States |
| Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 禱 | *tuːʔ, *tuːs |
| 擣 | *tuːʔ |
| 檮 | *tuːʔ, *duː, *du |
| 壔 | *tuːʔ |
| 懤 | *tuːʔ, *du, *dus |
| 濤 | *duː, *duː |
| 燾 | *duː, *duːs |
| 翿 | *duː, *duːs |
| 幬 | *duːs, *du |
| 儔 | *duːs, *du |
| 譸 | *tu |
| 籌 | *du |
| 疇 | *du |
| 躊 | *du |
| 燽 | *du |
| 薵 | *du |
| 魗 | *tʰjuʔ, *dju |
| 醻 | *dju |
| 壽 | *djuʔ, *djus |
| 璹 | *djuʔ, *djuɡ |
| 鑄 | *tjos |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjos) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus). Historically, the glyph forms for this character used to be highly composite, with combinations of various ideogrammic (會意／会意) components, including 皿 (“container, crucible, or mould”), 火 (“fire”), 寸 (“hand”), or 𦦡 = 𦥑 (“two hands”) + 鬲 (“cauldron, container”), etc., indicating metal-casting. The phonetic value were signified by the optional component 𠃬, which also appeared in 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhù (zhu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chù
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zu$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^4$
*** Yale: jù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zyu$^3$
*** Yale: jyu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzy$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ju$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syː³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chù
*** Tâi-lô: tsù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zux
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡su⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡su¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zu$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsù
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyuH
Rime :
| Character | 鑄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 之戍切 |
| Baxter | tsyuH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕio$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕio$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cuə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕio$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zyu$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tu-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjos/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鑄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyu$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tu-s/ (MC F!) |
| English | to cast (a bronze vessel) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鑄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11710 |
| Phonetic component | 壽 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 注 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjos/ |

### Definitions

鑄
* to cast; to melt; to found; to forge
* to form; to create; to mould
* to cultivate; to train

### Compounds

* 壓鑄／压铸
* 晉鑄刑鼎／晋铸刑鼎
* 歐冶鑄劍／欧冶铸剑
* 澆鑄／浇铸 (jiāozhù)
* 白鑄鐵／白铸铁
* 研經鑄史／研经铸史
* 臨難鑄兵／临难铸兵
* 鎔鑄／镕铸
* 鑄件／铸件 (zhùjiàn)
* 鑄字／铸字
* 鑄山煮海／铸山煮海
* 鑄工／铸工
* 鑄幣局／铸币局
* 鑄成大錯／铸成大错 (zhùchéngdàcuò)
* 鑄模／铸模 (zhùmú)
* 鑄造／铸造 (zhùzào)
* 鑄鋼／铸钢
* 鑄鐵／铸铁 (zhùtiě)
* 鑄鼎象物／铸鼎象物
* 陶鎔鼓鑄／陶镕鼓铸
* 陶鑄／陶铸
* 鬥而鑄兵／斗而铸兵
* 鬥而鑄錐／斗而铸锥
* 鼓鑄／鼓铸

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 鋳 |
| Kyūjitai | 鑄 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 鋳)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: す (su)
* Kan-on: しゅ (shu)
* Kan’yō-on: ちゅう (chū)
* Kun: いる (iru, 鑄る)

## Korean
### Hanja

鑄 • (ju) (hangeul 주)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鑄: Hán Nôm readings: chú
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.