# 感謝
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): gǎnxiè
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄝˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gan$^3$ xie$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gam$^2$ ze$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gam$^2$ die$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kám-chhia
    (Hailu, HRS): gam$^ˊ$ cia$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gam$^3$ qia$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): gan$^2$ xie$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gāng-siâ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kám-siā
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gam$^2$ sia$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$koe-zhia
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gan$^3$ xie$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǎnxiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǎnsiè
*** Wade–Giles: kan$^3$-hsieh$^4$
*** Yale: gǎn-syè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaanshieh
*** Palladius: ганьсе (ganʹse)
*** Sinological IPA : /kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: gan$^3$ xie$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ganxie
*** Sinological IPA : /kan⁵³ ɕiɛ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^2$ ze$^6$
*** Yale: gám jeh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^2$ dze$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^2$ zé$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm³⁵ t͡sɛː²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gam$^2$ die$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kam⁵⁵ tiɛ³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kám-chhia
*** Hakka Romanization System: gam$^ˋ$ qia
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gam$^3$ qia$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kam³¹ t͡sʰi̯a⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gam$^ˊ$ cia$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /kam²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰia³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gam$^3$ qia$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kam³¹ t͡sʰia⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: gan$^2$ xie$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kæ̃⁵³ ɕie⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gāng-siâ
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(s-)}$niɑ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám-siā
*** Tâi-lô: kám-siā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafmsia
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sia²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sia⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sia²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sia³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sia³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gam$^2$ sia$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kám siā
*** Sinological IPA : /kam⁵²⁻³⁵ sia¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$koe-zhia
*** MiniDict: koe$^去$ zhia
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$koe-xxia
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kø³³ ʑia⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: gan$^3$ xie$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kan⁴¹ ɕi̯e̞⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: komX zjaeH
Rime :
| Character | 感 | 謝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 古禫切 | 辝夜切 |
| Baxter | komX | zjaeH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʌm$^X$/ | /zia$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kəm$^X$/ | /zia$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɒm$^X$/ | /zia$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəm$^X$/ | /zia$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kᴀm$^X$/ | /zia$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kɒm$^X$/ | /zĭa$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kăm$^X$/ | /zi̯a$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gǎn | xiè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gam$^2$ | ze$^6$ |

### Verb

感謝
* to thank; to be grateful; to be appreciative; to appreciate; thank you to; thank you for
    非常感謝／非常感谢 ― fēicháng gǎnxiè ― to be extremely grateful; thank you very much
    表示感謝／表示感谢 ― biǎoshì gǎnxiè ― to express thanks
    感謝致電。／感谢致电。 ― Gǎnxiè zhìdiàn. ― Thank you for calling.
       Gǎnxiè lǎoshī zhème duō nián lái xīnqín de fùchū, péiyǎng le wúshù yōuxiù de réncái. [Pinyin]
       Thank you to the teachers who put in many years of hard work to produce so many outstanding talented individuals.
       Gǎnxiè nín bǎimángzhīzhōng chōukòng jiàn wǒ. [Pinyin]
       Thank you for taking the time out of your busy schedule to see me.
    感謝得很！／感谢得很！ ― Gǎnxiè de hěn! ― [I/We] greatly appreciate [that]!

#### Synonyms

* 多謝／多谢 (duōxiè)
* 感恩 (gǎn'ēn)
* 感激 (gǎnjī)
* 知感 (Dungan, chiefly religion)
* 謝謝／谢谢 (xièxie)

#### Derived terms

* 感謝信／感谢信 (gǎnxièxìn)
* 萬分感謝／万分感谢 (wànfēn gǎnxiè)
* 非常感謝／非常感谢 (fēicháng gǎnxiè)

### Interjection

感謝
* (literary or dialectal) thank you

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 有勞, 感謝, 感恩 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 謝謝, 多謝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 謝謝, 謝謝你 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 謝謝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 謝謝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 多謝, рахмат |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 謝謝, 感謝 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 唔該 †, 多謝 § |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 唔該 †, 多謝 § |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 唔該 †, 多謝 § |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 無該, 多謝 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 唔該 †, 多謝 § |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 唔該 †, 多謝 § |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 唔該 †, 多謝 § |
| Gan | Nanchang | 多謝 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 多謝, 恁仔細 § |
| Hakka | Xingning | 多謝 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 恁仔細 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian) | 恁仔細 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian) | 恁仔細 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian) | 承蒙, 恁仔細 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian) | 承蒙 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian) | 承蒙 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian) | 承蒙 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 承蒙你, 恁仔細, 感謝, 多謝 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 承蒙你, 恁仔細, 感謝, 多謝 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 多謝 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 多謝 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 多謝 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 感謝, 多謝, 承蒙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 承蒙, 承蒙你, 阿里加多 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 勞瀝, 恁勞瀝, 承蒙, 承蒙你, 阿里加多 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 承蒙, 承蒙你, 恁仔細, 勞力, 阿里加多 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 感謝 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 勞力, 阿里加多 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 多謝 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 多謝 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 謝謝 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 多謝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 謝謝, 起動 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 多謝 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 謝謝, 多謝 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 謝謝, 起動 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 感謝, 多謝, 費神, 勞力 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 道謝, 感謝, 費神, 勞力 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 多謝, 費神, 勞力 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 多謝, 感謝 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 多謝, 勞力 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 勞力, 多謝, 阿里加多 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 勞力 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 勞力 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 多謝, 勞力, 感恩 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 勞力, 多謝, 感恩 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 勞力, 謝謝, 感恩 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 勞力, 多謝, 感恩 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 勞力, 多謝, 感恩 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 多謝, 勞力, 感恩 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 勞力, 多謝, 感恩 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 勞力, 多謝 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 多謝, 勞力 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 勞力, 多謝 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 多謝, 勞力, 感恩 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 勞力, 多謝, 感恩 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 勞力, 多謝 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 勞力, 多謝 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 勞力, 多謝 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 勞力, 多謝 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 感謝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 感謝, 費神, 多謝 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 多謝, 感謝 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | 感謝 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 㩼謝 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 㩼謝 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 㩼謝 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 感謝 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 㩼謝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 㩼謝, 感謝 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 無該 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 無該, 謝謝 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 無該, 謝謝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 無該 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 唔該 †, 多謝 § |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 唔該, 多謝 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 謝謝, 謝謝儂, 多謝 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 謝謝儂, 交關感謝 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 謝謝你 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 多謝 |
| Note | † - when someone does you a favour; § - when someone gives you a gift | † - when someone does you a favour; § - when someone gives you a gift |

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 感謝(かんしゃ) (kansha)
* → Korean: 감사(感謝) (gamsa)
* → Vietnamese: cảm tạ (感謝)
Others:
* → English: cumshaw, comshaw, gum xia
* → Chinese Pidgin English: cumshaw
* → Malay: kamsia

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 感 | 謝 |
| かん Grade: 3 | しゃ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かんしゃ [káꜜǹshà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kã̠ɰ̃ɕa̠]

### Noun

感(かん)謝(しゃ) • (kansha)
* thanks, appreciation, gratitude

### Verb

感(かん)謝(しゃ)する • (kansha suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 感(かん)謝(しゃ)し (kansha shi), past 感(かん)謝(しゃ)した (kansha shita))
* express one's appreciation

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 感謝し | かんしゃし | kansha shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 感謝し | かんしゃし | kansha shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 感謝する | かんしゃする | kansha suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 感謝する | かんしゃする | kansha suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 感謝すれ | かんしゃすれ | kansha sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 感謝せよ¹ 感謝しろ² | かんしゃせよ¹ かんしゃしろ² | kansha seyo¹ kansha shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 感謝される | かんしゃされる | kansha sareru |
| Causative | 感謝させる 感謝さす | かんしゃさせる かんしゃさす | kansha saseru kansha sasu |
| Potential | 感謝できる | かんしゃできる | kansha dekiru |
| Volitional | 感謝しよう | かんしゃしよう | kansha shiyō |
| Negative | 感謝しない | かんしゃしない | kansha shinai |
| Negative continuative | 感謝せず | かんしゃせず | kansha sezu |
| Formal | 感謝します | かんしゃします | kansha shimasu |
| Perfective | 感謝した | かんしゃした | kansha shita |
| Conjunctive | 感謝して | かんしゃして | kansha shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 感謝すれば | かんしゃすれば | kansha sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 感 | 謝 |

### Noun

感謝 • (gamsa) (hangeul 감사)
* hanja form of 감사 (“thanks”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 感 | 謝 |

### Verb

感謝
* chữ Hán form of cảm tạ (“to thank”).