# pro-
## Translingual
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Prefix

pro-
* similar to

#### Derived terms
## English
### Alternative forms

* ꝓ- (abbreviation, obsolete)

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /pɹəʊ/
* (US) IPA: /pɹoʊ/
* Rhymes: -əʊ

### Etymology 1

From Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”).

#### Prefix

pro-
* agreeing with; supporting; favouring
** 2020 September 6, “Hong Kong police arrest 289 at protests over election delay”, in The Washington Post, Associated Press‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-19, Asia & Pacific‎:Police said that 289 people had been arrested, mostly for unlawful assembly. One woman was arrested in the Kowloon district of Yau Ma Tei on charges of assault and spreading pro-independence slogans, the police department said on its Facebook page. It said such slogans are illegal under a newly enacted national security law.
* substituting for

##### Derived terms

* (substituting for): pro-form, pronoun, pro-sentence; pro-drop

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”).

#### Prefix

pro-
* forward movement
** progress compared to regress

### Etymology 3

From Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”).

#### Prefix

pro-
* earlier; prior
* (biology) precursor (molecule)
    Coordinate term: prepro-
* rudimentary
* in front of

##### Translations
### Antonyms

* ante-, anti-
* counter-
* per-
* post-

### Further reading

* “pro-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* “pro-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “pro-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN. -- lists many derived terms
* John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “pro-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN. -- lists many derived terms

### Anagrams

* RPO, opr., ROP, orp, OPr., POR

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pro ]

### Prefix

pro-
* through
* forms a perfective verb and makes the verb transitive, the direct object is related to money or time
    ‎pro- + ‎pít (“to drink”) → ‎propít (“to spend sth on drinking”)
    ‎pro- + ‎bulet → ‎probulet
    ‎pro- + ‎podnikat → ‎propodnikat
    ‎pro- + ‎večírkovat → ‎provečírkovat
* (pro- + imperfective base + se) + direction forms a perfective verb and changes the sense of motion from literal to fictive
    ‎pro- + ‎zdravit → ‎prozdravit se
    ‎pro- + ‎rvát → ‎prorvat se
    ‎pro- + ‎kouřit → ‎prokouřit se
    ‎pro- + ‎žvanit → ‎prožvanit se

#### See also

* prů-

### Further reading

* pro-/prů- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

## French
### Prefix

pro-
* pro-

#### Derived terms
## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin prō (“in front of”).

### Prefix

pro-
* pro-

#### Derived terms
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* prōd- (prevocalic)
* por- (pre-Classical)
* ꝓ- (abbreviation, Medieval Latin)

### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *pro-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-. Synchronically served as the prefix counterpart to the preposition prō.

### Pronunciation
#### pro-

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /pro/, [prɔ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /pro/, [pro]

#### prō-

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /proː/, [proː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /pro/, [prɔː]

### Prefix

prō- or pro-
* forward direction, forward movement
    prō- + clīvus + -is → prōclīvis
    ‎prōd- + ‎eō → ‎prōdeō
    ‎prō- + ‎gradior → ‎prōgredior
** downward and forward movement
    prō- + flīgō + -ō → prōflīgō
    ‎prō- + ‎terō → ‎prōterō
* action directed forward or in front
    ‎prō- + ‎pugnō → ‎prōpugnō
    ‎prō- + ‎tegō → ‎prōtegō
* prominence
    ‎prō- + ‎*mineō → ‎prōmineō
    ‎prō- + ‎pendeō → ‎prōpendeō
* (prefixed to verbs of utterance) in place of, on behalf of
    ‎prō- + ‎clāmō → ‎prōclāmō
    ‎prō- + ‎loquor → ‎prōloquor
* bringing into being, forth, or into the open
    ‎prō- + ‎creō → ‎prōcreō
    ‎prō- + ‎gignō → ‎prōgignō
    ‎prō- + ‎*olēs → ‎prōlēs
    ‎prō- + ‎emō → ‎prōmō
* (temporally) prior, fore-
    ‎pro- + ‎avus → ‎proavus
    ‎prō- + ‎rogō → ‎prōrogō
    ‎prō- + ‎videō → ‎prōvideō
* advantage
    ‎prō- + ‎cūrō → ‎prōcūrō
    ‎prō- + ‎faciō → ‎prōficiō
    ‎prō(d)- + ‎sum → ‎prōsum

#### Derived terms
### References

* “pro-” on page 1,463/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin prō-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /prɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔ
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

### Prefix

pro-
* pro-

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* pro- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pro-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /prɔ-/

### Prefix

pro-
* Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
** moving through
    ‎pro- + ‎sẹ́vati (“to radiate”) → ‎prosẹ́vati (“to shine through”)

#### Derived terms
## Spanish
### Prefix

pro-
* pro-

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “pro-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28