# میدان
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian میدان (meydān, “square, plaza”), from Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān, “square”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *mádyanah (“middle”).

### Noun

میدان • (meydan) (definite accusative میدانی (meydanı), plural میادین (meyadin))
* square, plaza, any open space or park often containing trees, seating and other features

#### Derived terms

* آت میدانی (at meydanı, “racecourse”)
* میدان آرامق (meydan aramak, “to seek an opportunity”)
* میدان آلمق (meydan almak, “to get a good start”)
* میدان اوقومق (meydan okumak, “to provoke”)
* میدان بولمق (meydan bolmak, “to find space”)
* میدان حرب (meydan-ı harb, “battlefield”)
* میدان سوپورگه‌سی (meydan süpürgesi, “broom, besom”)
* میدان گلمك (meydan gelmek, “to reach maturity”)
* میدانسز (meydansız, “narrow, confined”)
* میدانلو (meydanlı, “spacious, wide”)
* میدانه قویمق (meydana koymak, “to exhibit; to reveal”)
* میدانه چیقارمق (meydana çıkarmak, “to publish”)
* میدانه چیقمق (meydana çıkmak, “to come out into the open”)
* میدانگاه (meydangâh, “public square”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: meydan
* → Albanian: mejdan
* → Aromanian: migdane, migdãni, miydane
* → Bulgarian: мегда́н (megdán)
* → Crimean Tatar: meydan
* → Czech: mejdan
* → Greek: μεϊντάνι (meïntáni)
* → Macedonian: мегдан (megdan)
* → Romanian: maidan
* → Serbo-Croatian: mègdān / мѐгда̄н, mèjdān / мѐјда̄н
* → Tatar: мәйдан (mäydan)

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “meydan1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3184
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “meydân”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 762
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “میدان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1255
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Campus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 140
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “میدان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 5068
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “meydan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “میدان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2052

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān), itself an Iranian borrowing. Doublet of میان (miyân).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [maj.ˈdɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäj.d̪ɑ́ːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäj.d̪ɑ́ːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mäj.d̪ɑ́ːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mäj.d̪ɔ́ːn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mej.d̪ɒ́ːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mäj.d̪ɔ́n]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

| Dari | میدان |
| Iranian Persian | میدان |
| Tajik | майдон |
میدان • (meydân) (plural میدان‌ها (meydân-hâ))
* plaza, square (of a town etc.)
    میدان آزادی ― meydân-e âzâdi ― Azadi Square
* field, plain
* battlefield; (metonymically) battle
* (mathematics, physics) field
    میدان مغناطیسی ― meydân-e mağnâtisi ― magnetic field
* (Sufism, uncommon) stage of the mystical path
    Synonym: (more common) منزل (manzel)

#### Descendants

* Tajik: майдон (maydon)
** → Uzbek: maydon
* → Assamese: ময়দান (moyodan)
* → Azerbaijani: meydan
* → Braj: मैदान (maidān)
* → Middle Bengali: ময়দান (moẏdan)
** Bengali: ময়দান (moẏdan)
* → Dhivehi: މައިޒާން (maizān̊)
* → Dogri: madān
    Devanagari script: मदान
    Dogra script: 𑠢𑠛𑠬𑠝
* → Georgian: მოედანი (moedani)
* → Gojri: میدان (maidān)
* → Gujarati: મેદાન (medān)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: मैदान (maidān)
    Urdu: مَیْدَانْ (maidān)
** → English: maidan
** → Tamil: மைதானம் (maitāṉam)
* → Kannada: ಮೈದಾನ (maidāna)
* → Kashmiri: mạ̄dān
    Arabic script: مٲدان
    Devanagari script: मऻदान
    Sharada script: 𑆩𑆳𑆢𑆳𑆤𑇀
* → Kazakh: майдан (maidan)
* → Konkani:
    Devanagari script: मैदान (maidān)
    Kannada script: ಮಯ್ದಾನ್
    Latin script: moidan
* → Kumyk: майдан (maydan)
* → Lezgi: майдан (majdan)
* → Maithili: medān
    Devanagari script: मॆदान
    Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒺𑒠𑒰𑒢
* → Malayalam: മൈദാനം (maidānaṁ)
* → Malvi: मेदान (medān)
* → Marathi: maidān
    Devanagari script: मैदान
    Modi script: 𑘦𑘺𑘟𑘰𑘡
* → Marwari:
    Devanagari script: मैदान (maidān)
    Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅑𑅥𑅧 (midn)
* → Nepali: मैदान (maidān)
* → Ottoman Turkish: میدان (meydân)
** Turkish: meydan
** → Albanian: mejdan
** → Aromanian: migdane, migdãni, miydane
** → Bulgarian: мегда́н (megdán)
** → Crimean Tatar: meydan
** → Czech: mejdan
** → Greek: μεϊντάνι (meïntáni)
** → Macedonian: мегдан (megdan)
** → Romanian: maidan
** → Serbo-Croatian: mègdān / мѐгда̄н, mèjdān / мѐјда̄н
** → Tatar: мәйдан (mäydan)
* → Odia: ମଇଦାନ (maidāna)
* → Old Punjabi: ਮੈਦਾਨੁ (maidānu)
** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਮੈਦਾਨ (maidān), ਮਦਾਨ (madān)
    Shahmukhi script: مَیدان (maidān)
* → Sindhi: maidānu
    Arabic script: مَيدانُ
    Devanagari script: मैदानु
    Khudawadi script: 𑋗𑋦𑋏𑋠𑋑𑋣
* → Telugu: మైదానము (maidānamu)
* → Ukrainian: майдан (majdan) (via a Turkic language)
* → Uyghur: مەيدان (meydan)
* → Uzbek: maydon
* → Khorezmian Turkic: ميدان (mäydan)
* → Zazaki: meydan

### References

* Durkin, Philip (2004) “Loanword etymologies in the third edition of the OED: Some questions of classification”, in Christian J. Kay, Simon Horobin, Jeremy J. Smith, editors, New Perspectives on English Historical Linguistics: Selected papers from 12 ICEHL, Glasgow, 21–26 August 2002. Volume II: Lexis and Transmission (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory; 252), John Benjamins, →ISBN, page 83

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian میدان (maydān), from Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /mɛː.d̪ɑːn/
* Rhymes: -ɑːn
* Hyphenation: مَے‧دان

### Noun

مَیدان • (maidān) m (Hindi spelling मैदान)
* ground, field, arena
* battleground
* maidan, plains

#### Declension

Declension of میدان :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | مَیدان (maidān) | مَیدان (maidān) |
| oblique | مَیدان (maidān) | مَیدانوں (maidānõ) |
| vocative | مَیدان (maidān) | مَیدانو (maidāno) |

### Further reading

* “میدان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “میدان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “میدان”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “میدان”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* S. W. Fallon (1879) “میدان”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
* John Shakespear (1834) “میدان”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC