# 接近
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiējìn
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zip$^3$ gan$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chiap-khiun
    (Meixian, Guangdong): jiab$^5$ kiun$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiap-kūn / chiap-kǔn / chiap-kīn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziab$^4$ geng$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^7$ciq-jin$_6$ / $^7$ciq-jin$_4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiējìn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiejìn
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^1$-chin$^4$
*** Yale: jyē-jìn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiejinn
*** Palladius: цзецзинь (czeczinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zip$^3$ gan$^6$
*** Yale: jip gahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzip$^8$ gan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jib$^3$ gen$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːp̚³ kɐn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chiap-khiun
*** Hakka Romanization System: jiab$^ˋ$ kiun
*** Hagfa Pinyim: jiab$^5$ kiun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯ap̚² kʰi̯un⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: jiab$^5$ kiun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡siap̚¹ kʰiun⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiap-kūn
*** Tâi-lô: tsiap-kūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciapkun
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiap-kǔn
*** Tâi-lô: tsiap-kǔn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siap̚⁵⁻²⁴ kun²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiap-kīn
*** Tâi-lô: tsiap-kīn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciapkin
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kin³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siap̚³²⁻⁵ kin²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziab$^4$ geng$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiap kṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siap̚²⁻⁴ kɯŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$ciq-jin$_6$
*** MiniDict: cih$^入$ jin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$jiq-jjin$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ d͡ʑin⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^7$ciq-jin$_4$
*** MiniDict: cih$^入$ jin$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/

### Verb

接近
* to approach; to get close to; to draw near
    接近尾聲／接近尾声 ― jiējìn wěishēng ― to be close to the end
* to be similar (to); to be analogous (to)

#### Synonyms

* (to get close to):
* 倚近 (Hokkien)
* 傍依 (bàngyī)
* 傍邊／傍边 (bàngbiān) (colloquial)
* 向邇／向迩 (xiàng'ěr) (literary)
* 把 (colloquial)
* 挨近 (āijìn)
* 挨邊／挨边 (āibiān) (colloquial, to be close to an age or number)
* 接 (jiē)
* 擦 (cā)
* 比鄰／比邻 (bǐlín) (literary)
* 湊／凑 (còu)
* 瀕於／濒于 (bīnyú) (of something undesirable)
* 瀕臨／濒临 (bīnlín)
* 相鄰／相邻 (xiānglín)
* 臨近／临近 (línjìn)
* 親近／亲近 (qīnjìn)
* 鄰近／邻近 (línjìn)
* 附 (fù)
* 靠近 (kàojìn)
* (to approach):
* 就 (jiù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 搭近 (Hokkien)
* 攝／摄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 湊近／凑近 (còujìn)
* 貼近／贴近 (tiējìn)
* 迫臨／迫临 (pòlín)
* 迫近 (pòjìn)
* 逼倚 (Hokkien)
* 逼近 (bījìn)
* (to be similar):
* 就 (jiù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 搭近 (Hokkien)
* 攝／摄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 湊近／凑近 (còujìn)
* 貼近／贴近 (tiējìn)
* 迫臨／迫临 (pòlín)
* 迫近 (pòjìn)
* 逼倚 (Hokkien)
* 逼近 (bījìn)

### Adjective

接近
* near; close
* intimate; close
* (attributive) proximity
    接近檢測／接近检测 ― jiējìn jiǎncè ― proximity detection
    接近傳感器／接近传感器 ― jiējìn chuángǎnqì ― proximity sensor

#### Synonyms

* (intimate):
* 同衾 (tóngqīn) (literary, figuratively)
* 周密 (zhōumì) (literary, of dealings)
* 密切 (mìqiè)
* 火熱／火热 (huǒrè)
* 熱和／热和 (rèhuo) (colloquial)
* 熱火／热火 (rèhuǒ) (colloquial)
* 知心 (zhīxīn)
* 緊密／紧密 (jǐnmì)
* 親切／亲切 (qīnqiè)
* 親善／亲善 (qīnshàn) (of relations between countries)
* 親密／亲密 (qīnmì)
* 親熱／亲热 (qīnrè)
* 親近／亲近 (qīnjìn)
* 貼己／贴己 (tiējǐ)
* 貼身／贴身 (tiēshēn)
* 近 (jìn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 近乎 (jìnhu) (colloquial)
* 過心／过心 (guòxīn) (regional)
* 體己／体己

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 接 | 近 |
| せつ > せっ Grade: 5 | きん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せっきん [sèkkíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [se̞k̚ʲkʲĩɴ]

### Noun

接(せっ)近(きん) • (sekkin)
* getting closer, approaching

### Verb

接(せっ)近(きん)する • (sekkin suru) intransitive suru (stem 接(せっ)近(きん)し (sekkin shi), past 接(せっ)近(きん)した (sekkin shita))
* to get close, to approach

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 接近し | せっきんし | sekkin shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 接近し | せっきんし | sekkin shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 接近する | せっきんする | sekkin suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 接近する | せっきんする | sekkin suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 接近すれ | せっきんすれ | sekkin sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 接近せよ¹ 接近しろ² | せっきんせよ¹ せっきんしろ² | sekkin seyo¹ sekkin shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 接近される | せっきんされる | sekkin sareru |
| Causative | 接近させる 接近さす | せっきんさせる せっきんさす | sekkin saseru sekkin sasu |
| Potential | 接近できる | せっきんできる | sekkin dekiru |
| Volitional | 接近しよう | せっきんしよう | sekkin shiyō |
| Negative | 接近しない | せっきんしない | sekkin shinai |
| Negative continuative | 接近せず | せっきんせず | sekkin sezu |
| Formal | 接近します | せっきんします | sekkin shimasu |
| Perfective | 接近した | せっきんした | sekkin shita |
| Conjunctive | 接近して | せっきんして | sekkin shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 接近すれば | せっきんすれば | sekkin sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 接 | 近 |

### Noun

接近 • (jeopgeun) (hangeul 접근)
* hanja form of 접근 (“approach”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 接 | 近 |

### Verb

接近
* chữ Hán form of tiếp cận (“to approach”).