# 放心
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fàngxīn
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fong$^3$ sam$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): fong$^1$ lhim$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fong-sîm
    (Hailu, HRS): fong$^ˇ$ sim$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fong$^4$ xim$^1$ / biong$^4$ xim$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hòng-sim / pàng-sim
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bang$^3$ sim$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fàngxīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fàngsin
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^4$-hsin$^1$
*** Yale: fàng-syīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanqshin
*** Palladius: фансинь (fansinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^3$ sam$^1$
*** Yale: fong sām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^3$ sam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^3$ sem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ³³ sɐm⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: fong$^1$ lhim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔŋ³³ ɬim³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fong-sîm
*** Hakka Romanization System: fong xim$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fong$^4$ xim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /foŋ⁵⁵ sim²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fong$^ˇ$ sim$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /foŋ¹¹ sim⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fong$^4$ xim$^1$ / biong$^4$ xim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /fɔŋ⁵³ sim⁴⁴/, /piɔŋ⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòng-sim
*** Tâi-lô: hòng-sim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: horngsym
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sim³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan, Singapore, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pàng-sim
*** Tâi-lô: pàng-sim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: parngsym
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /paŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sim³³/
*** IPA (Singapore): /paŋ²¹⁻⁴² sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sim⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bang$^3$ sim$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pàng sim
*** Sinological IPA : /paŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sim³³/
* Middle Chinese: pjangH sim
Rime :
| Character | 放 | 心 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 甫妄切 | 息林切 |
| Baxter | pjangH | sim |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʉɐŋ$^H$/ | /siɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷiɐŋ$^H$/ | /sim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuɑŋ$^H$/ | /sjem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puaŋ$^H$/ | /sim/ |
| Li Rong | /piuaŋ$^H$/ | /siəm/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwaŋ$^H$/ | /sĭĕm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /piwaŋ$^H$/ | /si̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fàng | xīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^3$ | sam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*paŋ-s səm/
    (Zhengzhang): /*paŋs slɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 放 | 心 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fàng | xīn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjang$^H$ › | ‹ sim › |
| Old Chinese | /*paŋ-s/ | /*səm/ |
| English | release; let go | heart |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 放 | 心 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3038 | 13801 |
| Phonetic component | 方 | 心 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 放 | 心 |
| Old Chinese | /*paŋs/ | /*slɯm/ |

### Verb

放⫽心 (verb-object) (intransitive)
* to set one's mind at rest; to be at ease; to feel relieved; to be rest assured; to not worry; to be safe; to have peace of mind
       Fàngxīn, wǒ huì shǒukǒurúpíng de. [Pinyin]
       Don't worry, my lips are sealed.
       Fàngxīn ba, zhè shì bāo zài wǒ shēnshang. [Pinyin]
       Don't worry! Just leave it to me.
    From: Windows 95 (Taiwan)
    nín xiànzài kěyǐ fàngxīn guānjī [Pinyin]
    It's now safe to turn off your computer.
* (literary, of the mind) to indulge
* (literary, of the will of the people) to scatter

#### Synonyms

* (to set one's mind at rest): 安心 (ānxīn); (Hokkien) 落心

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to set one's mind at rest”): 憂慮／忧虑 (yōulǜ), (Hokkien) 煞心

### Adjective

放心
* (attributive) quality-assured
    放心肉 ― fàngxīn ròu ― quality-assured meat

### Noun

放心
* (literary) indulgent mind

### Adverb

放心
* (literary) determinedly

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 放 | 心 |
| ほう Grade: 3 | しん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーしん [hòóshíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞ːɕĩɴ]

### Noun

放(ほう)心(しん) • (hōshin)
* being in a trance
    びっくりしすぎて放心(ほうしん)状態(じょうたい)
       bikkurishisugite hōshin jōtai
       shocked into a trance
* being at ease

### Verb

放(ほう)心(しん)する • (hōshin suru) intransitive suru (stem 放(ほう)心(しん)し (hōshin shi), past 放(ほう)心(しん)した (hōshin shita))
* to be in a trance
* to be at ease

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 放心し | ほうしんし | hōshin shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 放心し | ほうしんし | hōshin shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 放心する | ほうしんする | hōshin suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 放心する | ほうしんする | hōshin suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 放心すれ | ほうしんすれ | hōshin sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 放心せよ¹ 放心しろ² | ほうしんせよ¹ ほうしんしろ² | hōshin seyo¹ hōshin shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 放心される | ほうしんされる | hōshin sareru |
| Causative | 放心させる 放心さす | ほうしんさせる ほうしんさす | hōshin saseru hōshin sasu |
| Potential | 放心できる | ほうしんできる | hōshin dekiru |
| Volitional | 放心しよう | ほうしんしよう | hōshin shiyō |
| Negative | 放心しない | ほうしんしない | hōshin shinai |
| Negative continuative | 放心せず | ほうしんせず | hōshin sezu |
| Formal | 放心します | ほうしんします | hōshin shimasu |
| Perfective | 放心した | ほうしんした | hōshin shita |
| Conjunctive | 放心して | ほうしんして | hōshin shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 放心すれば | ほうしんすれば | hōshin sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 放 | 心 |

### Noun

放心 • (bangsim) (hangeul 방심)
* hanja form of 방심 (“being careless and unprepared”)