# मुख
## Garhwali
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मुख (mukha).

### Noun

मुख (mukh) m
* mouth
* face

## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मुख (mukha). Doublet of मुँह (mũh), a tadbhava.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /mʊkʰ/

### Noun

मुख • (mukh) m (Urdu spelling مکھ)
* (anatomy) mouth
* (anatomy) face

#### Synonyms

* (mouth): मुँह (mũh)
* (face): चेहरा (cehrā)

#### Derived terms

* मुखाभिगम (mukhābhigam)
* मुखमैथुन (mukhmaithun)

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मुख (múkha, “mouth, face, visage”). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘦𑘳𑘏 (mukha).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mukʰ/, [muːkʰ]

### Noun

मुख • (mukh) n
* (anatomy) mouth
    Synonym: तोंड (toṇḍa)
* (anatomy) face
    Synonyms: चेहरा (cehrā), तोंड (toṇḍa)

#### Declension
### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “मुख”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “मुख”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “मुख”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

## Nepali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मुख (mukha).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [muk̞ʰ]
* Phonetic Devanagari: मुख्

### Noun

मुख • (mukh)
* (anatomy) mouth
* mouth (opening, outlet, source)
* beak
* (anatomy) face

## Old Marathi
### Noun

मुख (mukha) n
* Devanagari script form of 𑘦𑘳𑘏

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* mukha (Latin script)
* 𑀫𑀼𑀔 (Brahmi script)
* মুখ (Bengali script)
* මුඛ (Sinhalese script)
* မုခ or မုၶ (Burmese script)
* มุข or มุขะ (Thai script)
* ᨾᩩᨡ (Tai Tham script)
* ມຸຂ or ມຸຂະ (Lao script)
* មុខ (Khmer script)
* 𑄟𑄪𑄈 (Chakma script)

### Noun

मुख n
* Devanagari script form of mukha

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* মুখ (Assamese script)
* ᬫᬸᬔ (Balinese script)
* মুখ (Bengali script)
* 𑰦𑰲𑰏 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀫𑀼𑀔 (Brahmi script)
* မုခ (Burmese script)
* મુખ (Gujarati script)
* ਮੁਖ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌮𑍁𑌖 (Grantha script)
* ꦩꦸꦑ (Javanese script)
* 𑂧𑂳𑂎 (Kaithi script)
* ಮುಖ (Kannada script)
* មុខ (Khmer script)
* ມຸຂ (Lao script)
* മുഖ (Malayalam script)
* ᠮᡠᡘᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘦𑘳𑘏 (Modi script)
* ᠮᠤᠻᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧆𑧔𑦯 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐩𑐸𑐏 (Newa script)
* ମୁଖ (Odia script)
* ꢪꢸꢓ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆩𑆶𑆒 (Sharada script)
* 𑖦𑖲𑖏 (Siddham script)
* මුඛ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩴𑩒𑩝 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚢𑚰𑚋 (Takri script)
* முக² (Tamil script)
* ముఖ (Telugu script)
* มุข (Thai script)
* མུ་ཁ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒧𑒳𑒐 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨢𑨃𑨌 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *múkʰam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *múkʰam, from earlier *múkHam, with further origin uncertain.
According to Pokorny, ultimately from Dravidian and not related to Proto-Indo-European *mū- (“lips, muzzle”) (Proto-Germanic *mūlō, English mutter, Latin muttiō).
However, Mayrhofer considers an Indo-European derivation to be more likely, taking Proto-Indo-European *mu- to mean "a vocal gesture for pressed lips", and compares Ancient Greek μῠχός (mukhós, “innermost part of a place”), μῦθος (mûthos, “word”), and German Maul (“mouth (of an animal)”). According to him, the possibility of a borrowing from Dravidian (compare Tamil முகம் (mukam, “face”)) or "pan-Asiatic" is possible but unlikely due to the root's presence in Vedic texts and Iranian languages.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /mú.kʰɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈmu.kʰɐ/

### Noun

मुख॑ • (múkha) stem, n
* (anatomy) mouth
* (anatomy) face
* visage
* (neologism) font

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Khowar: موخ (mux)
** Shina: مُک (muk)
* Pali: mukha
** → Burmese: မုခ် (muhk)
*** → Shan: မုၵ်ႈ (mūk)
* Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀳 (muha) (see there for further descendants)

##### Borrowed terms

* → Assamese: মুখ (mukh)
* → Bengali: মুখ (mukh)
* → Gujarati: મુખ (mukh)
* → Hindi: मुख (mukh)
* → Kannada: ಮುಖ (mukha)
* → Khmer: មុខ (muk)
* → Malay: muka
** Indonesian: muka
* → Malayalam: മുഖം (mukhaṁ)
* → Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘳𑘏 (mukha)
** Marathi: मुख (mukh)
* → Nepali: मुख (mukh)
* → Punjabi: ਮੁਖ (mukh)
* → Marwari:
    Devanagari script: मुखड़ौ (mukhṛau)
    Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅒𑅖𑅲𑅒 (mukhṛu /⁠mukhṛau⁠/)
* → Tamil: முகம் (mukam)
* → Tagalog: mukhâ
* → Telugu: ముఖము (mukhamu)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “मुख”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 819/3.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 360
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 648-649
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) “751-52”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 751-52