# 子曰
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zǐyuē
       (Zhuyin): ㄗˇ ㄩㄝ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi$^3$ yue$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^2$ joek$^6$ / zi$^2$ jyut$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsy $^8$yoq; $^5$tsy $^8$yuq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǐyuē
*** Zhuyin: ㄗˇ ㄩㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǐhyue
*** Wade–Giles: tzŭ$^3$-yüeh$^1$
*** Yale: dž-ywē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyyiue
*** Palladius: цзыюэ (czyjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zi$^3$ yue$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zye
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩⁵³ ye⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^2$ joek$^6$ / zi$^2$ jyut$^6$
*** Yale: jí yeuhk / jí yuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^2$ joek$^9$ / dzi$^2$ jyt$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^2$ yêg$^6$ / ji$^2$ yud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː³⁵ jœːk̚²/, /t͡siː³⁵ jyːt̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tsy $^8$yoq; $^5$tsy $^8$yuq
*** MiniDict: tsy$^去$ yoh$^入$; tsy$^去$ yuih$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tsr $^5$hhioq; $^2$tsr $^5$hhyq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩⁴⁴ ɦioʔ¹²/, /t͡sz̩⁴⁴ ɦyɪʔ¹²/
* Middle Chinese: tsiX hjwot
Rime :
| Character | 子 | 曰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 月 (68) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 即里切 | 王伐切 |
| Baxter | tsiX | hjwot |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ | /ɦʉɐt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ | /ɦʷiɐt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sie$^X$/ | /ɣiuɐt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ | /ɦuat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siə$^X$/ | /ɣiuɐt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭə$^X$/ | /ɣĭwɐt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡si$^X$/ | /i̯wɐt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zǐ | yuè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^2$ | jyut$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsəʔ [ɢ]ʷat/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯʔ ɢʷad/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 子 | 曰 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zǐ | yuē |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsi$^X$ › | ‹ hjwot › |
| Old Chinese | /*tsəʔ/ | /*[ɢ]ʷat/ |
| English | child; gentleman, master | say |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 子 | 曰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17857 | 16312 |
| Phonetic component | 子 | 曰 |
| Rime group | 之 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 子 | 越 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔslɯʔ/ | /*ɢʷad/ |

### Phrase

子曰
* Confucius said; the Master said

#### Usage notes

This phrase is frequently used in Analects (論語), as it mainly records Confucius' speeches.

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 자왈(子曰) (jawal)
* → Japanese: 子曰く (Shi iwaku, Shi notamawaku) (calque)

### Noun

子曰
* (Sichuanese) reason (Classifier: 個／个)
    From: 成都方言詞典
    so$^2$ hua$^4$ bu$^2$ zo su$^4$ nyi$^3$ ge$^1$ da$^4$ jia$^1$ so$^2$ go$^4$ zi$^3$ yue$^1$ ma [Sichuanese Pinyin]
    You've got to give us a reason for not keeping your word.