# 自閉症
## Chinese

* 自閉症

### Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 自(じ)閉(へい)症(しょう) (jiheishō); used in Hong Kong and Taiwan since the 1970s, and in Mainland China since the late 1980s (Yu, 2017). In Mainland China, first attested in 1983.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zìbìzhèng
    (Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄅㄧˋ ㄓㄥˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zi$^6$ bai$^3$ zing$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): du$^5$ bai$^1$ zen$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ-pi-chṳn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chū-pì-chèng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ze$^6$ bi$^6$ zêng$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zìbìzhèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄅㄧˋ ㄓㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zìhbìjhèng
*** Wade–Giles: tzŭ$^4$-pi$^4$-chêng$^4$
*** Yale: dz̀-bì-jèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhbihjenq
*** Palladius: цзыбичжэн (czybičžɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^6$ bai$^3$ zing$^3$
*** Yale: jih bai jing
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^6$ bai$^3$ dzing$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^6$ bei$^3$ jing$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː²² pɐi̯³³ t͡sɪŋ³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: du$^5$ bai$^1$ zen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tu³² pai³³ t͡sen³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-pi-chṳn
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii bi ziin
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ci$^4$ bi$^4$ zin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ pi⁵⁵ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-pì-chèng
*** Tâi-lô: tsū-pì-tsìng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zuxpiezexng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ pi²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡su³³⁻¹¹ pi¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ze$^6$ bi$^6$ zêng$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̆ pĭ tsèng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ pi³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡seŋ²¹³/

### Noun

自閉症
* (proscribed in Mainland China) autism (neurological disorder) [from 1970s]
    From: 1983 September 25, 《画家洪通贫病交迫》, in People's Daily, →ISSN
    Jù Tái “Zhōngguó Shíbào” 8 yuè 8 rì gāi bào jìzhě zhuānfǎng bàodào, […] yǒurén huáiyí Hóng Tōng huàn le “zìbìzhèng”. [Pinyin]
    According to Taiwan's China Times on August 8, one of their reporters interviewed him, reporting that […] some suspect that Hung Tung now has "autism".
    From: 1989 March 17, 《〈雨中人〉——影评界的宠儿》, in People's Daily, →ISSN
    Léiméngdé (Dásītíng Huòfūmàn bànyǎn) shì ge zìbìzhèng huànzhě, “yǔ zhōng rén” shì tā tóngnián shídài de chuòhào. [Pinyin]
    Raymond (played by Dustin Hoffman) is afflicted with autism, and "Rain Man" is his childhood nickname.

#### Usage notes

Proscribed by the China Disabled Persons' Federation, a Government-organized non-governmental organization in Mainland China.

#### Synonyms

* 孤獨症／孤独症 (gūdúzhèng)

#### Derived terms

* 自閉症譜系障礙／自闭症谱系障碍 (zìbìzhèng pǔxì zhàng'ài)

### References

* ↑ “关于宣传报道中残疾人及残疾人工作有关称谓的通知”, in China Disabled Persons' Federation‎, 2022: “称“孤独症”，不用“自闭症””
* “自閉症”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 自 | 閉 | 症 |
| じ Grade: 2 | へい Grade: 6 | しょう Grade: S |
| on'yomi |||

### Etymology

Compound of 自閉(じへい) (jihei, “social withdrawal”) + 症(しょう) (shō, “condition”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じへーしょー [jìhééshóó] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) じへーしょー [jìhéꜜèshòò] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [d͡ʑihe̞ːɕo̞ː]

### Noun

自(じ)閉(へい)症(しょう) • (jiheishō)
* autism (neurological disorder)

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 自閉症／自闭症 (zìbìzhèng)
* → Korean: 자폐증 (自閉症, japyejeung)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 自 | 閉 | 症 |

### Noun

自閉症 • (japyejeung) (hangeul 자폐증)
* hanja form of 자폐증 (“autism”)