# 愿

| 愿 | U+613F, &#24895; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-613F |
| ← 愾 [U+613E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 慀 → [U+6140] |

## Translingual
### Han character

愿 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一火心 (MFP), four-corner 7133$_9$, composition ⿸原心(G) or ⿱原心(HTJKV))

#### Derived characters

* 𨆸, 𩕮

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 397, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11030
* Dae Jaweon: page 736, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2333, character 10
* Unihan data for U+613F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 愿
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 羱 | *ŋʷaːn, *ŋʷan |
| 豲 | *ɦŋʷaːn |
| 謜 | *sŋ̊ʰʷan, *ŋʷan |
| 縓 | *sŋ̊ʰʷan, *sŋ̊ʰʷans |
| 原 | *ŋʷan |
| 源 | *ŋʷan |
| 厵 | *ŋʷan |
| 嫄 | *ŋʷan |
| 騵 | *ŋʷan |
| 榞 | *ŋʷan |
| 獂 | *ŋʷan |
| 蒝 | *ŋʷan |
| 願 | *ŋʷans |
| 傆 | *ŋʷans |
| 愿 | *ŋʷans |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷans) : phonetic 原 (OC *ŋʷan) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

### Etymology 1

* For pronunciation and definitions of 愿 – see 願 (“to desire; to want: to wish; desire; wish; ambition; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 願).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuàn (yuan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnioe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuàn
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^4$
*** Yale: ywàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuann
*** Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^6$
*** Yale: yuhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gnioe
*** MiniDict: nyoe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyyoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲyø²³/
* Middle Chinese: ngjwonH
Rime :
| Character | 愿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 魚怨切 |
| Baxter | ngjwonH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋʉɐn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋʷiɐn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiuɐn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋuan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiuɐn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭwɐn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ŋi̯wɐn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷans/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 愿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16198 |
| Phonetic component | 原 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 願 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋʷans/ |

#### Definitions

愿
* (literary) honest and prudent

#### Compounds

* 鄉愿 (xiāngyuàn)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): げん (gen)
* Kun: つつしむ (tsutsushimu)
* Nanori: すなお (sunao)、よし (yoshi)

## Korean
### Hanja

愿 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.