# 違犯
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wéifàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ ㄈㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wai$^4$ faan$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vì-fam
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ûi-hoān
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wéifàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ ㄈㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wéifàn
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^2$-fan$^4$
*** Yale: wéi-fàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weifann
*** Palladius: вэйфань (vɛjfanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯³⁵ fän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^4$ faan$^6$
*** Yale: wàih faahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^4$ faan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^4$ fan$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯²¹ faːn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vì-fam
*** Hakka Romanization System: vi$^ˇ$ fam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vi$^2$ fam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /vi¹¹ fam⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-hoān
*** Tâi-lô: uî-huān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ui'hoan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ui²⁴⁻²² huan²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴⁻²² huan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³⁻²² huan²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ui²⁴⁻¹¹ huan³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³⁻³³ huan³³/

### Verb

違犯
* to violate (a law, regulation, etc.); to infringe
    From: 1957, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題》 (On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
    Duìyú nàoshì de dàitóu rénwù, chúle nàxiē wéifàn xíngfǎ de fènzǐ hé xiànxíng fǎngémìng fènzǐ yīngdāng fǎbàn yǐwài, bù yīngdāng qīngyì kāichú. [Pinyin]
    The ringleaders in disturbances should not be summarily expelled, except for those who have committed criminal offences or are active counter-revolutionaries and have to be punished by law.

#### Synonyms

* 侵犯 (qīnfàn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 違 | 犯 |
| い Grade: S | はん Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いはん [ìháń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ihã̠ɴ]

### Noun

違(い)犯(はん) • (ihan)
* violation

### Verb

違(い)犯(はん)する • (ihan suru) intransitive suru (stem 違(い)犯(はん)し (ihan shi), past 違(い)犯(はん)した (ihan shita))
* violate a law

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 違犯し | いはんし | ihan shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 違犯し | いはんし | ihan shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 違犯する | いはんする | ihan suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 違犯する | いはんする | ihan suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 違犯すれ | いはんすれ | ihan sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 違犯せよ¹ 違犯しろ² | いはんせよ¹ いはんしろ² | ihan seyo¹ ihan shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 違犯される | いはんされる | ihan sareru |
| Causative | 違犯させる 違犯さす | いはんさせる いはんさす | ihan saseru ihan sasu |
| Potential | 違犯できる | いはんできる | ihan dekiru |
| Volitional | 違犯しよう | いはんしよう | ihan shiyō |
| Negative | 違犯しない | いはんしない | ihan shinai |
| Negative continuative | 違犯せず | いはんせず | ihan sezu |
| Formal | 違犯します | いはんします | ihan shimasu |
| Perfective | 違犯した | いはんした | ihan shita |
| Conjunctive | 違犯して | いはんして | ihan shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 違犯すれば | いはんすれば | ihan sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* 違反(いはん) (ihan)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 違 | 犯 |

### Verb

違犯
* chữ Hán form of vi phạm (“to violate (a law); to break”).