# dúil
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪ˠuːlʲ/

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

dúil f (genitive singular dúile)
* desire, like, hankering, appetite
    Synonyms: fonn, mian, saint
    Níl dúil i mbainne agam. ― I have no desire for milk.
    D’imigh mo dhúil as an mbiadh. ― I lost my appetite for food.
    Blais é agus tiocfaidh dúil agat ann. ― Taste it and you will get an appetite for it.
    dúil an anma ― an intense desire
    cuirim dúil i ― I desire
    Glacann dúil in athrú mé. ― I became desirous of change.
    Ghlac dúil mé féin sna cártaí. ― I became enamored of card-playing.
    dúil chráite ― a craving
    dúil nimhe ― consuming desire
* expectation, hope
    Synonyms: dóchas, súil
    ag dúil leis ― expecting him, looking out for him
    mar dhúil is go ― in the hope that

##### Declension

Second declension

##### Derived terms

* andúil (“addiction”)

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish dúil.

#### Noun

dúil f (genitive singular dúile, nominative plural dúile)
* element (simplest or essential part or principle of anything; simplest chemical substance; basic building blocks in ancient philosophy)
    Synonyms: eilimint, uraiceacht
* (in the plural) the elements (atmospheric forces)
    a Dhia na ndúl ― O God of Nature
    Thug sé Dia agus dúile. ― He swore by God and the elements.
    ó Dhia is ó dhúile ― from God and the elements
* creature, being
    Synonyms: créatúr, neach
    dúil dhaonna ― a human creature
    dúil ainglí ― an angelic being
    dúil bheo ― a living thing
    An dúil de dhéithe í? ― Is she a being from the gods?
    dúil dár dhligh searc ― a being who deserved to be loved

##### Declension

Second declension

##### Derived terms

* dúlra (“nature”)

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 55
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 73
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “dúil”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “dúil”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 268
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “dúil”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “dúil”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “dúil”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Old Irish
### Etymology

MacBain suggests a relation to Ancient Greek θυμός (thumós, “soul, desire, passion”) and Lithuanian dūmas (“smoke”) (NB: Perhaps erroneously, MacBain glosses the Lithuanian as dumas (“thought”)). Regardless, if true, it would be from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [duːlʲ]

### Noun

dúil f
* element
* being, creature
* thing

#### Inflection

Feminine i-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | dúil | dúil$^L$ | dúili$^H$, dúli$^H$ |
| Vocative | dúil | dúil$^L$ | dúili$^H$, dúli$^H$ |
| Accusative | dúil$^N$ | dúil$^L$ | dúili$^H$, dúli$^H$ |
| Genitive | dúlo$^H$, dúla$^H$ | dúlo$^H$, dúla$^H$ | dúile$^N$ |
| Dative | dúil$^L$ | dúilib, dúlib | dúilib, dúlib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Quotations

* c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 20$^b$2
    Is airi da·rogart-som noíb, ar frith⟨t⟩uidecht innaní as·rubartatar nád robae remdéicsiu ná láthar nDǽ dïa dúlib.It is for this reason that he has called himself a saint, because of the opposition of those who have said that there is neither providence nor dispensation of God for his creatures.
* c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 94$^b$7
    Amal as messe duda·forsat inna dúli, is mé dano bǽras mes fírían foraib.As it is I who have created the elements, so too it is I who will pass righteous judgment on them.
* c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 120$^c$7
    cid torbae ara·torsata ⁊ cía gním du·gníat inna dúliwhat use the elements have been created for and what work they do

#### Derived terms

* dúildetu

#### Descendants

* Irish: dúil
* Scottish Gaelic: dùil

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “dúil”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “dùil”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN, page 146