# ⲛⲁⲓ
## Coptic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: */nai̯/

### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* ⲛⲉⲓ (nei) — Fayyumic, Akhmimic
* ⲛⲉⲉⲓ (neei) — Lycopolitan, Akhmimic

#### Pronoun

ⲛⲁⲓ • (nai)
* (Bohairic, Sahidic) these

#### See also

* ⲫⲁⲓ m (phai, “this”) — Bohairic
* ⲡⲁⲓ m (pai, “this”) — Sahidic
* ⲑⲁⲓ f (thai, “this”) — Bohairic
* ⲧⲁⲓ f (tai, “this”) — Sahidic

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* ⲛⲁ (na), ⲛⲁⲁ (naa) — Sahidic
* ⲛⲁⲉ (nae) — Lycopolitan, Akhmimic, Sahidic
* ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲏ (naeiē) — Sahidic
* ⲛⲉⲓ (nei), ⲛⲉⲉⲓ (neei) — Fayyumic

#### Verb

ⲛⲁⲓ • (nai) (conjunct participle ⲛⲁ-)
* (Bohairic, Sahidic, intransitive) to have pity, have mercy

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ nai | imperative | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ nai |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲛⲁⲓ štemnai | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲛⲁⲓ m̀pernai |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲓ tinai | ⲭⲛⲁⲓ khnai | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ tenai | ϥⲛⲁⲓ fnai | ⲥⲛⲁⲓ snai | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ tennai | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ tetennai | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲓ senai | ⲛⲁⲓ nai |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲓ einai | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓ ekhnai | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ erenai | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ efnai | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ esnai | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ ennai | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ eretennai | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓ eunai | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ ere- nai |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲓ etinai | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓ etekhnai | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ etenai | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ etefnai | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ etesnai | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ etennai | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ etetennai | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ etounai | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ ete- nai |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ nainai | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ nakhnai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ narenai | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ nafnai | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ nasnai | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ nannai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ naretennai | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ naunai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ nare- nai |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ ainai | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ akhnai | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ arenai | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ afnai | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ asnai | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ annai | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ aretennai | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ aunai | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ are- nai |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ tinanai | ⲭⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ khnanai | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲛⲁⲓ teranai | ϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ fnanai | ⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ snanai | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ tennanai | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ tetennanai | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ senanai | ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ nanai |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ einanai | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ ekhnanai | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ erenanai | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ efnanai | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ esnanai | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ ennanai | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ eretennanai | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ eunanai | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ ere- nanai |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etinanai | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etekhnanai | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etenanai | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etefnanai | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etesnanai | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etennanai | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etetennanai | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etounanai | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ ete- nanai |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ nainanai | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ nakhnanai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ narenanai | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ nafnanai | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ nasnanai | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ nannanai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ naretennanai | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ naunanai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ nare- nanai |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ ainanai | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ akhnanai | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ arenanai | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ afnanai | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ asnanai | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ annanai | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ aretennanai | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ aunanai | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ are- nanai |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ ainai | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ akhnai | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ arenai | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ afnai | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ asnai | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ annai | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ atetennai | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ aunai | ⲁ- ⲛⲁⲓ a- nai |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲓ m̀pinai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓ m̀pekhnai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲓ m̀penai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ m̀pefnai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ m̀pesnai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ m̀pennai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ m̀petennai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ m̀pounai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ m̀pe- nai |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ eainai | ⲉⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ eakhnai | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ earenai | ⲉⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ eafnai | ⲉⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ easnai | ⲉⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ eannai | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ eatetennai | ⲉⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ eaunai | ⲉⲁ- ⲛⲁⲓ ea- nai |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲓ em̀pinai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓ em̀pekhnai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲓ em̀penai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ em̀pefnai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ em̀pesnai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ em̀pennai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ em̀petennai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ em̀pounai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ em̀pe- nai |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ etainai | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ etakhnai | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ etarenai | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ etafnai | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ etasnai | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ etannai | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ etaretennai | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ etaunai | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲛⲁⲓ eta- nai |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲓ etm̀pinai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓ etm̀pekhnai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲓ etm̀penai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ etm̀pefnai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ etm̀pesnai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ etm̀pennai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ etm̀petennai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ etm̀pounai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ etm̀pe- nai |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ neainai | ⲛⲉⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ neakhnai | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ nearenai | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ neafnai | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ neasnai | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ neannai | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ neatetennai | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ neaunai | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲛⲁⲓ nea- nai |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲓ nem̀pinai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓ nem̀pekhnai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲓ nem̀penai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ nem̀pefnai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ nem̀pesnai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ nem̀pennai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ nem̀petennai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ nem̀pounai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ nem̀pe- nai |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ etainai | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ etakhnai | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ etarenai | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ etafnai | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ etasnai | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ etannai | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ etaretennai | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ etaunai | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲛⲁⲓ eta- nai |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲓ m̀patinai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓ m̀patekhnai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ m̀patenai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ m̀patefnai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ m̀patesnai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ m̀patennai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ m̀patetennai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ m̀patounai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ m̀pate- nai |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲓ em̀patinai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓ em̀patekhnai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ em̀patenai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ em̀patefnai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ em̀patesnai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ em̀patennai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ em̀patetennai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ em̀patounai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ em̀pate- nai |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲓ etm̀patinai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓ etm̀patekhnai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ etm̀patenai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ etm̀patefnai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ etm̀patesnai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ etm̀patennai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ etm̀patetennai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ etm̀patounai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ etm̀pate- nai |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲓ nam̀patinai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓ nam̀patekhnai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ nam̀patenai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ nam̀patefnai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ nam̀patesnai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ nam̀patennai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ nam̀patetennai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ nam̀patounai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ nam̀pate- nai |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ šainai | ϣⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ šakhnai | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ šarenai | ϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ šafnai | ϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ šasnai | ϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ šannai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ šatetennai | ϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ šaunai | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ šare- nai |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ m̀painai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ m̀pakhnai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ m̀parenai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ m̀pafnai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ m̀pasnai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ m̀pannai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ m̀paretennai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ m̀paunai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ m̀pare- nai |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ ešainai | ⲉϣⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ ešakhnai | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ ešarenai | ⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ ešafnai | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ ešasnai | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ ešannai | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ ešatetennai | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ ešaunai | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ ešare- nai |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ em̀painai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ em̀pakhnai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ em̀parenai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ em̀pafnai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ em̀pasnai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ em̀pannai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ em̀paretennai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ em̀paunai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ em̀pare- nai |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ etšainai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ etšakhnai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ etšarenai | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ etšafnai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ etšasnai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ etšannai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ etšatetennai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ etšaunai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ etšare- nai |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ etm̀painai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ etm̀pakhnai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ etm̀parenai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ etm̀pafnai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ etm̀pasnai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ etm̀pannai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ etm̀paretennai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ etm̀paunai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ etm̀pare- nai |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ našainai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ našakhnai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ našarenai | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ našafnai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ našasnai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ našannai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ našatetennai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ našaunai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ našare- nai |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ nam̀painai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ nam̀pakhnai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ nam̀parenai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ nam̀pafnai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ nam̀pasnai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ nam̀pannai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ nam̀paretennai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ nam̀paunai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ nam̀pare- nai |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ em̀painai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ em̀pakhnai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ em̀parenai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ em̀pafnai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ em̀pasnai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ em̀pannai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ em̀paretennai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ em̀paunai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ em̀pare- nai |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲛⲁⲓ eienai | ⲉⲕⲉⲛⲁⲓ ekenai | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ erenai | ⲉϥⲉⲛⲁⲓ efenai | ⲉⲥⲉⲛⲁⲓ esenai | ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲁⲓ enenai | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲛⲁⲓ eretenenai | ⲉⲩⲉⲛⲁⲓ euenai | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ ere- nai |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ ǹnanai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓ ǹnekhnai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲓ ǹnenai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ ǹnefnai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ ǹnesnai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ ǹnennai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ ǹnetennai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ ǹnounai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ ǹne- nai |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲛⲁⲓ marinai | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ marefnai | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ maresnai | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ marennai | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ marounai | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ mare- nai |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲛⲁⲓ m̀penthrinai | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ m̀penthrefnai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ m̀penthresnai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ m̀penthrennai | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓ m̀penthreunai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ m̀penthre- nai |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲓ ǹtanai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓ ǹtekhnai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ ǹtenai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ ǹtefnai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ ǹtesnai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ ǹtennai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ ǹtetennai | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ ǹsenai, ǹtounai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ ǹte- nai |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲛⲁⲓ tarinai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓ tarekhnai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ tarenai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ tarefnai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ taresnai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ tarennai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ taretennai | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ tarounai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ tare- nai |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲛⲁⲓ šatinai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓ šatekhnai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ šatenai | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ šatefnai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ šatesnai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ šatennai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ šatetennai | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ šatounai | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ šate- nai |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ aišannai | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ akšannai | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ arešannai | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ afšannai | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ asšannai | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ anšannai | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ aretenšannai | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ aušannai | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲛⲁⲓ arešan- nai |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓ ainai | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓ akhnai | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ arenai | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ afnai | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ asnai | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ annai | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ aretennai | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ aunai | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ are- nai |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ nai | imperative | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ nai |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲛⲁⲓ tm̄nai | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲁⲓ m̄pr̄nai |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲓ tinai | ⲕⲛⲁⲓ knai | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ tenai | ϥⲛⲁⲓ fnai | ⲥⲛⲁⲓ snai | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ tn̄nai | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ tetn̄nai | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲓ senai | ⲛⲁⲓ nai |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ eïnai | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲓ eknai | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ erenai | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ efnai | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ esnai | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ ennai | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etetn̄nai | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓ eunai | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ ere- nai |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲓ etinai | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etk̄nai | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ etenai, eterenai | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etf̄nai | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ ets̄nai | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etn̄nai | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etetn̄nai | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ etounai | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ etere- nai |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ neïnai | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲓ neknai | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ nerenai | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ nefnai | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ nesnai | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ nennai | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ netetn̄nai | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓ neunai | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ nere- nai |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ tinanai | ⲕⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ knanai | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ tenanai | ϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ fnanai | ⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ snanai | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ tn̄nanai | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ tetnanai | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ senanai | ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ nanai |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ eïnanai | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ eknanai | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ erenanai | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ efnanai | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ esnanai | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ ennanai | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etetnanai | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ eunanai | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ ere- nanai |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etinanai | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etk̄nanai | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etenanai, eterenanai | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etf̄nanai | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ ets̄nanai | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etn̄nanai | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etetnanai | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etounanai | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ etere- nanai |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ neïnanai | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ neknanai | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ nerenanai | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ nefnanai | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ nesnanai | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ nennanai | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ netetnanai | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ neunanai | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ nere- nanai |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ aïnai | ⲁⲕⲛⲁⲓ aknai | ⲁⲛⲁⲓ, ⲁⲣⲛⲁⲓ, ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ anai, arnai, arenai | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ afnai | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ asnai | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ annai | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ atetn̄nai | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ aunai | ⲁ- ⲛⲁⲓ a- nai |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲓ m̄pinai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲓ m̄pk̄nai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲓ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲁⲓ m̄penai, m̄pr̄nai | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ m̄pf̄nai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ m̄ps̄nai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ m̄pn̄nai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ m̄petn̄nai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ m̄pounai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ m̄pe- nai |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ eaïnai | ⲉⲁⲕⲛⲁⲓ eaknai | ⲉⲁⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉⲁⲣⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ eanai, earnai, earenai | ⲉⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ eafnai | ⲉⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ easnai | ⲉⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ eannai | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ eatetn̄nai | ⲉⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ eaunai | ⲉⲁ- ⲛⲁⲓ ea- nai |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲓ em̄pinai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲓ em̄pk̄nai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲁⲓ em̄penai, em̄pr̄nai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ em̄pf̄nai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ em̄ps̄nai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ em̄pn̄nai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ em̄petn̄nai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ em̄pounai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ em̄pe- nai |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ entaïnai, n̄taïnai | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲓ entaknai, n̄taknai | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ entanai, n̄tanai, entarnai, n̄tarnai, entarenai, n̄tarenai | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ entafnai, n̄tafnai | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ entasnai, n̄tasnai | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ entannai, n̄tannai | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ entatetn̄nai, n̄tatetn̄nai | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ entaunai, n̄taunai | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲛⲁⲓ enta- nai, n̄ta- nai |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲓ etem̄pinai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etem̄pk̄nai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etem̄penai, etem̄pr̄nai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etem̄pf̄nai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etem̄ps̄nai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etem̄pn̄nai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etem̄petn̄nai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ etem̄pounai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ etem̄pe- nai |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ neaïnai | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲛⲁⲓ neaknai | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ neanai, nearnai, nearenai | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ neafnai | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ neasnai | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ neannai | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ neatetn̄nai | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ neaunai | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲛⲁⲓ nea- nai |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲓ nem̄pinai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲓ nem̄pk̄nai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲁⲓ nem̄penai, nem̄pr̄nai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ nem̄pf̄nai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ nem̄ps̄nai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ nem̄pn̄nai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ nem̄petn̄nai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ nem̄pounai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ nem̄pe- nai |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ n̄taïnai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲓ n̄taknai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ n̄tanai, n̄tarnai, n̄tarenai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ n̄tafnai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ n̄tasnai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ n̄tannai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ n̄tatetn̄nai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ n̄taunai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲛⲁⲓ n̄ta- nai |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲓ m̄patinai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲓ m̄patk̄nai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ m̄patenai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ m̄patf̄nai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ m̄pats̄nai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ m̄patn̄nai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ m̄patetn̄nai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ m̄patounai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ m̄pate- nai |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲓ em̄patinai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲓ em̄patk̄nai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ em̄patenai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ em̄patf̄nai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ em̄pats̄nai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ em̄patn̄nai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ em̄patetn̄nai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ em̄patounai | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ em̄pate- nai |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲓ etem̄patinai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etem̄patk̄nai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ etem̄patenai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etem̄patf̄nai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etem̄pats̄nai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etem̄patn̄nai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etem̄patetn̄nai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ etem̄patounai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ etem̄pate- nai |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲓ nem̄patinai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲓ nem̄patk̄nai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ nem̄patenai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ nem̄patf̄nai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ nem̄pats̄nai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ nem̄patn̄nai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ nem̄patetn̄nai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ nem̄patounai | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ nem̄pate- nai |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ šaïnai | ϣⲁⲕⲛⲁⲓ šaknai | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ šarenai | ϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ šafnai | ϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ šasnai | ϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ šannai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ šatetn̄nai | ϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ šaunai | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ šare- nai |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ meïnai | ⲙⲉⲕⲛⲁⲓ meknai | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ merenai | ⲙⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ mefnai | ⲙⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ mesnai | ⲙⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ mennai | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ metetn̄nai | ⲙⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓ meunai | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ mere- nai |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ ešaïnai | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲁⲓ ešaknai | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ ešarenai | ⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ ešafnai | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ ešasnai | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ ešannai | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ ešatetn̄nai | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ ešaunai | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ ešare- nai |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ emeïnai | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲛⲁⲓ emeknai | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ emerenai | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ emefnai | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ emesnai | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ emennai | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ emetetn̄nai | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓ emeunai | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ emere- nai |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ etešaïnai, ešaïnai | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲁⲓ etešaknai, ešaknai | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ etešarenai, ešarenai | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ etešafnai, ešafnai | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ etešasnai, ešasnai | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ etešannai, ešannai | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etešatetn̄nai, ešatetn̄nai | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ etešaunai, ešaunai | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ etešare- nai, ešare- nai |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ etemeïnai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲛⲁⲓ etemeknai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ etemerenai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ etemefnai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ etemesnai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ etemennai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etemetetn̄nai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓ etemeunai | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ etemere- nai |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ nešaïnai | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲁⲓ nešaknai | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ nešarenai | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲓ nešafnai | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓ nešasnai | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ nešannai | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ nešatetn̄nai | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓ nešaunai | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ nešare- nai |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ nemeïnai | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲛⲁⲓ nemeknai | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ nemerenai | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ nemefnai | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ nemesnai | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ nemennai | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ nemetetn̄nai | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓ nemeunai | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ nemere- nai |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ emeïnai | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲛⲁⲓ emeknai | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ emerenai | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ emefnai | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ emesnai | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ emennai | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ emetetn̄nai | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓ emeunai | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ emere- nai |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲛⲁⲓ eïenai | ⲉⲕⲉⲛⲁⲓ ekenai | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ erenai | ⲉϥⲉⲛⲁⲓ efenai | ⲉⲥⲉⲛⲁⲓ esenai | ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲁⲓ enenai | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲛⲁⲓ etetnenai | ⲉⲩⲉⲛⲁⲓ euenai | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ ere- nai |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲓ n̄nanai | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲓ n̄neknai | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲓ n̄nenai | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ n̄nefnai | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ n̄nesnai | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ n̄nennai | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ n̄netn̄nai | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓ n̄neunai | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ n̄ne- nai |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲛⲁⲓ marinai | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ marefnai | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ maresnai | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ marn̄nai | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ marounai | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ mare- nai |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲛⲁⲓ m̄pr̄tranai | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ m̄pr̄trefnai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ m̄pr̄tresnai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ m̄pr̄trennai | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓ m̄pr̄treunai | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ m̄pr̄tre- nai |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲓ, ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲓ n̄tanai, tanai | ⲛ̄ⲅⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲛⲁⲓ n̄gnai, n̄knai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ n̄tenai | ⲛ̄ϥⲛⲁⲓ n̄fnai | ⲛ̄ⲥⲛⲁⲓ n̄snai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ n̄tn̄nai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ n̄tetn̄nai | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲓ n̄senai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ n̄te- nai |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲛⲁⲓ tarinai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲛⲁⲓ tareknai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ tarenai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ tarefnai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ taresnai | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ tarn̄nai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ taretn̄nai | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ tarounai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ tare- nai |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲛⲁⲓ n̄terinai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲛⲁⲓ n̄tereknai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲛⲁⲓ n̄terenai, n̄terernai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ n̄terefnai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ n̄teresnai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ n̄tern̄nai, n̄terennai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ n̄teretn̄nai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ n̄terounai | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ n̄tere- nai |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲛⲁⲓ šantinai | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲓ šantk̄nai | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ šantenai | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ šantf̄nai | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲓ šants̄nai | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ šantn̄nai | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ šantetn̄nai | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ šantounai | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ šante- nai |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ eïšannai | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ ekšannai | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ eršannai, erešannai | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ efšannai | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ esšannai | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ enšannai | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ etetn̄šannai | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓ eušannai | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲛⲁⲓ eršan- nai |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲓ eïnai | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲓ eknai | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓ erenai | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ efnai | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓ esnai | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓ ennai | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲓ etetn̄nai | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓ eunai | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓ ere- nai |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

#### Noun

ⲛⲁⲓ • (nai) m
* (Bohairic) mercy, charity

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 103, 105
* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, pages 216, 259