# Holodomor
## English
### Alternative forms

* Golodomor, holodomor

### Etymology

Late 1980s, from Ukrainian Голодомо́р (Holodomór), from го́лод (hólod, “hunger, famine”) + мор (mor, “mass death, exhaustion”). Compare мори́ти (morýty, “kill by hunger or exhaustion”, verb). Not related to Holocaust.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌhɒlədəˈmɔː(ɹ)/

### Proper noun

Holodomor (plural Holodomors)
* (historical) The 1932–33 famine affecting rural Ukraine and other territories of the Soviet Union, a result of the forced collectivization of land-owning peasants by the Soviet government.
** 1990, Oral History of the Commission on the Ukraine Famine, volume 2, Washington, DC: Commission on the Ukraine Famine, page 1034:In 1928 the village was divided into kulaks, middle-peasants, and poor peasants: "this was the beginning of the planned murder-famine (holodomor)."
** 1995, The English Quarterly, vv 27–29, Toronto: Canadian Council of Teachers of English, p 49:
    This article argues that English studies about the Holodomor should focus on the historical conditions that led to it, through study and interpretation of narrative (political, media, religious, and testimonial) texts.
** 2004, Lubomyr Y. Luciuk, Not Worthy: Walter Duranty’s Pulitzer Prize and the New York Times, Kingston, Canada: Kashtan Press, p 152:
    There are sophists who retort that Mr. Duranty was recognized for what he wrote before he bore false witness about the Holodomor, as Ukrainians refer to this genocide.
** 2007, Remembrance of Victims of the Great Famine (Holodomor) in Ukraine, Paris: Unesco General Conference, annex p 1:
    Recalling the Joint Statement on the 70th anniversary of the Great Famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine (Holodomor) that was circulated as an official document of the United Nations General Assembly and in which Holodomor was officially recognized as the national tragedy of the Ukrainian people, caused by the cruel actions and policies of the totalitarian regime, […]
** 2022 November 25, Philip Oltermann, “Germany set to declare starvation of Ukrainians under Stalin a genocide”, in The Guardian‎:The resolution, which will be jointly brought to the vote next week by the three governing parties and conservative opposition leaders, will describe the 1932–33 Holodomor as part of “a list of inhuman crimes by totalitarian systems that extinguished millions of human lives in Europe in the first half of the 20th century”.
* (historical, rare) А famine with mass deaths, especially one of the Soviet famines in 1921–22, 1932–33, or 1946–47.
** 2008, Liudmyla Grynevych [Hrynevych], “The Present State of Ukrainian Historiography on the Holodomor and Prospects for its Development,” Harriman Review, v 16, n 2 (November, “Holodomor 1932–33: Papers from the 75th-Anniversary Conference”), p 17:
    Some of the publications of the Association’s regional branches are also steeped in xenophobia and anti-Semitism (for example, the proceedings of the 2003 Kharkiv conference “The Holodomors in Ukraine: Reasons, Victims, Perpetrators”).

#### Synonyms

* artificial famine
* famine-genocide
* Great Famine
* terror famine
* terror-genocide

#### Translations
### See also

* dekulakization
* Asharshylyk, another famine that affected Kazakhstan during Soviet times

### References

* 1 2 3 Serbyn, Roman (2005) “Ukraine (Famine)”, in Dinah L. Shelton, editor, Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity, volume 3, Detroit, MI: Thomson Gale, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 1055

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ukrainian Голодомо́р (Holodomór).

### Noun

Holodomor m (invariable)
* (historical) Holodomor

## Portuguese
### Proper noun

Holodomor m
* Holodomor (1932–33 famine in Ukraine)