# 鮑

| 鮑 | U+9B91, &#39825; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B91 |
| ← 鮐 [U+9B90] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鮒 → [U+9B92] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鮑 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+5, 16 strokes, cangjie input 弓火心口山 (NFPRU), four-corner 2731$_2$, composition ⿰魚包)

#### Derived characters

* 𧂫

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1468, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46074
* Dae Jaweon: page 2001, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4683, character 1
* Unihan data for U+9B91

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鮑 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 袍 | *buː |
| 袌 | *buː, *buːs |
| 軳 | *buː |
| 抱 | *buːʔ |
| 勽 | *buːs, *mɯnʔ |
| 菢 | *buːs |
| 勹 | *pruː |
| 包 | *pruː |
| 胞 | *pruː, *pʰruː |
| 苞 | *pruː |
| 枹 | *pruː, *bu, *bu |
| 飽 | *pruːʔ |
| 泡 | *pʰruː, *m̥ʰruːs, *bruː |
| 炮 | *pʰruːs, *bruː |
| 皰 | *pʰruːs, *bruːs |
| 疱 | *pʰruːs, *bruːs |
| 跑 | *bruː, *bruːɡ |
| 咆 | *bruː |
| 庖 | *bruː |
| 匏 | *bruː |
| 刨 | *bruː |
| 狍 | *bruː |
| 炰 | *bruː |
| 鉋 | *bruː, *bruːs |
| 瓟 | *bruː, *bruːɡ |
| 颮 | *bruː, *pʰruːɡ |
| 鞄 | *bruː, *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *pʰruːɡ |
| 鮑 | *bruːʔ |
| 骲 | *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *bruːɡ, *pʰoːɡ |
| 玸 | *bu |
| 雹 | *bruːɡ |
| 窇 | *bruːɡ |

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bào (bao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baau$^6$ / baau$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pâu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bau$^1$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): bao$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bào
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bào
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^4$
*** Yale: bàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
*** Palladius: бао (bao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baau$^6$ / baau$^1$
*** Yale: baauh / bāau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baau$^6$ / baau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bao$^6$ / bao$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːu̯²²/, /paːu̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pâu
*** Hakka Romanization System: bau$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pau̯²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: bau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pau⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bao$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pău
*** Sinological IPA : /pau³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: baewX
Rime :
| Character | 鮑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 薄巧切 |
| Baxter | baewX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bˠau$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bᵚau$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bau$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baɨw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /bau$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /bau$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱau$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | baau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bruːʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鮑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 297 |
| Phonetic component | 勹 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鮑 |
| Old Chinese | /*bruːʔ/ |

#### Definitions

鮑
* (literary) salted fish

#### Compounds

* 鮑老／鲍老
* 鮑肆／鲍肆
* 鮑螺／鲍螺
* 鮑魚／鲍鱼 (bàoyú)
* 鮑魚之肆／鲍鱼之肆 (bàoyú zhī sì)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bào (bao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): baau$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): bau$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): pau$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pâu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bau$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): pāu
* Eastern Min (BUC): páu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pau / pâu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bao$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bào
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bào
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^4$
*** Yale: bàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
*** Palladius: бао (bao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baau$^1$
*** Yale: bāau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bao$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːu̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: bau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pau³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: pau$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰau¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pâu
*** Hakka Romanization System: bau$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pau̯²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: bau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pau⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pāu
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰau⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: páu
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑu²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pau
*** Tâi-lô: pau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: paw
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pau⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâu
*** Tâi-lô: pâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: paau
*** IPA (Taipei): /pau²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pau²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bao$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pău
*** Sinological IPA : /pau³⁵/

#### Definitions

鮑
* abalone

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 鰒 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鮑, 鰒, 鮑魚, 鰒魚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 鮑魚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 鮑魚 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 鮑魚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 鮑魚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鮑魚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鮑魚 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 鮑魚 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 鮑魚 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 鮑魚 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鮑魚 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 鮑魚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鮑魚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 鮑魚 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 鮑魚 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 鮑魚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鮑魚 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鮑魚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鮑魚 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 鮑魚 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鮑魚 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 鮑魚 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 石決明 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 牛眉 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 鮑魚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 鮑魚 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 鮑魚 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 鮑魚 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 鮑魚 |

#### Compounds

* 青邊鮑／青边鲍
* 鮑參翅肚／鲍参翅肚 (bàoshēnchìdǔ)
* 鮑魚／鲍鱼 (bàoyú)
* 鮑魚菇／鲍鱼菇

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “same as etymology 1 or 4?”)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Bào (Bao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): baau$^6$ / baau$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): bau$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Pāu / Pǎu / Pau
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bao$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Bào
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Bào
*** Wade–Giles: Pao$^4$
*** Yale: Bàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Baw
*** Palladius: Бао (Bao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baau$^6$ / baau$^1$
*** Yale: baauh / bāau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baau$^6$ / baau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bao$^6$ / bao$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːu̯²²/, /paːu̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: bau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pau³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pāu
*** Tâi-lô: Pāu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pau
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pau³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pau²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pǎu
*** Tâi-lô: Pǎu
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pau²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pau
*** Tâi-lô: Pau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: paw
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pau⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bao$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pău
*** Sinological IPA : /pau³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: baewX
Rime :
| Character | 鮑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 薄巧切 |
| Baxter | baewX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bˠau$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bᵚau$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bau$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baɨw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /bau$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /bau$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱau$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | baau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bruːʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鮑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 297 |
| Phonetic component | 勹 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鮑 |
| Old Chinese | /*bruːʔ/ |

#### Definitions

鮑
* a surname
    鮑照／鲍照 ― Bào Zhào ― Bao Zhao (Chinese writer during the Liu Song dynasty)

#### Compounds

* 管鮑／管鲍
* 管鮑之交／管鲍之交 (guǎnbàozhījiāo)
* 管鮑分金／管鲍分金
* 鮑峽／鲍峡 (Bàoxiá)
* 鮑氏不動桿菌／鲍氏不动杆菌 (bàoshì bùdònggānjūn)
* 鮑氏囊／鲍氏囊 (bàoshìnáng)
* 鮑羅定／鲍罗定

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bào (bao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bào
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bào
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^4$
*** Yale: bàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
*** Palladius: бао (bao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/

#### Definitions

鮑
* (obsolete) Synonym of 鞄 (páo, “leather craftsman”)
    From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version
    Gǔzhě Yì zuò gōng, Yú zuò jiǎ, Xīzhòng zuò chē, Qiǎochuí zuò zhōu, ránzé jīn zhī bào, hán, chē, jiàng jiē jūnzǐ yě, ér Yì, Yú, Xīzhòng, Qiǎochuí jiē xiǎorén yé? [Pinyin]
    In antiquity Yi invented the bow, Yu invented armour, Xi Zhong invented vehicles, and Qiao Cui invented boats. Would he say, the tanners, armourers, and carpenters of to-day are all superior men, whereas Yi, Yu, Xi Zhong, and Qiao Cui were all ordinary men?

#### Compounds

* 鮑人／鲍人

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* abalone

#### Readings

* Go-on: びょう (byō)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō)
* Kun: しおうお (shiouo, 鮑)、あわび (awabi, 鮑)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 鮑
* あわび Hyōgai
* kun'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あわび [áꜜwàbì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [a̠β̞a̠bʲi]

### Noun

鮑(あわび) • (awabi)
* abalone

#### Descendants

* → Macanese: auábe, auabi

#### See also

* 石決明(せっけつめい) (sekketsumei)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

鮑 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鮑: Hán Nôm readings: bảo, bào
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Zhuang
### Noun

鮑
* Sawndip form of baeu (“crab”)