# ⲧⲱⲙ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲑⲱⲙ (thōm) — Bohairic

### Verb

ⲧⲱⲙ • (tōm) (nominal state (S) ⲧⲉⲙ-, or (S) ⲧⲙ-, pronominal state (S) ⲧⲟⲙ⸗, stative (S) ⲧⲏⲙ, conjunct participle (S) ⲧⲁⲙ-)
* (Sahidic, Lycopolitan, Akhmimic) to shut

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲧⲱⲙ tōm | imperative | affirmative | ⲧⲱⲙ tōm |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ tm̄tōm, tm̄n̄tōm | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄n̄tōm |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲧⲱⲙ titōm | ⲕⲧⲱⲙ ktōm | ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ tetōm | ϥⲧⲱⲙ ftōm | ⲥⲧⲱⲙ stōm | ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ tn̄tōm | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ tetn̄tōm | ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲙ setōm | ⲧⲱⲙ tōm |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ eïtōm | ⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ ektōm | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ eretōm | ⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ eftōm | ⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ estōm | ⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ entōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etetn̄tōm | ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ eutōm | ⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ e- tōm, ere- tōm |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲧⲱⲙ etitōm | ⲉⲧⲕⲧⲱⲙ etktōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ etetōm, eteretōm | ⲉⲧϥⲧⲱⲙ etftōm | ⲉⲧⲥⲧⲱⲙ etstōm | ⲉⲧⲛⲧⲱⲙ etntōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etetn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ etoutōm | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ ete- tōm, etere- tōm |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ naïtōm | ⲛⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ naktōm | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ naretōm | ⲛⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ naftōm | ⲛⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ nastōm | ⲛⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ nantōm | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ natetn̄tōm | ⲛⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ nautōm | ⲛⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ na- tōm, nare- tōm |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲧⲱⲙ aitōm | ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ aktōm | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ aretōm | ⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ aftōm | ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ astōm | ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ antōm | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ aretentōm | ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ autōm | ⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲁⲣ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ a- tōm, ar- tōm, are- tōm |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ tinatōm | ⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ knatōm | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ tenatōm | ϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ fnatōm | ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ snatōm | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ tn̄natōm | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ tetnatōm | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ senatōm | ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ natōm |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ eïnatōm | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ eknatōm | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ erenatōm | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ efnatōm | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ esnatōm | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ ennatōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etetnatōm | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ eunatōm | ⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ e- natōm |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etinatōm | ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etknatōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etenatōm, eterenatōm | ⲉⲧϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etfnatōm | ⲉⲧⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etsnatōm | ⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etnnatōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etetnatōm | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etounatōm | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ ete- natōm |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ naïnatōm | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ naknatōm | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ narenatōm | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ nafnatōm | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ nasnatōm | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ nannatōm | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ netetnatōm | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ naunatōm | ⲛⲁ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ na- natōm |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ ainatōm | ⲁⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ aknatōm, eknatōm | ⲁⲣⲁⲧⲱⲙ aratōm | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ afnatōm | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ asnatōm | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ annatōm | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ aretennatōm | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ aunatōm | ⲁ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ a- natōm, are- natōm |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ aïtōm | ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ aktōm | ⲁⲣⲧⲱⲙ artōm | ⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ aftōm | ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ astōm | ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ antōm | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ atetn̄tōm | ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ autōm | ⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ a- tōm |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲙ m̄pitōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pk̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄petōm, m̄pr̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pf̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄ps̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pn̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄petn̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ m̄poutōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pe- tōm |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ eaïtōm | ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ eaktōm | ⲉⲁⲣⲧⲱⲙ eartōm | ⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ eaftōm | ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ eastōm | ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ eantōm | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ eatetn̄tōm | ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ eautōm | ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ ea- tōm |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲙ em̄pitōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄pk̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄petōm, em̄pr̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄pf̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄ps̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄pn̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄petn̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ em̄poutōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ em̄pe- tōm |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ etaïtōm | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ etaktōm | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱⲙ etartōm | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ etaftōm | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ etastōm | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ etantōm | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etatetn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ etautōm | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ eta- tōm |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pitōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pk̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄petōm, etem̄pr̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pf̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄ps̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄petn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ etem̄poutōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pe- tōm |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ neaïtōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ neaktōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲧⲱⲙ neartōm | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ neaftōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ neastōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ neantōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ neatetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ neautōm | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ nea- tōm |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pitōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pk̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄petōm, nem̄pr̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pf̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄ps̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄petn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ nem̄poutōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pe- tōm |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ naïtōm | ⲛⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ naktōm | ⲛⲁⲣⲧⲱⲙ nartōm | ⲛⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ naftōm | ⲛⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ nastōm | ⲛⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ nantōm | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ natetn̄tōm | ⲛⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ nautōm | ⲛⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ na- tōm |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲙ m̄patitōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄patk̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ m̄patetōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄patf̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pats̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄patn̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄patetn̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ m̄patoutōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pate- tōm |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲙ em̄patitōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄patk̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ em̄patetōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄patf̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄pats̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄patn̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄patetn̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ em̄patoutōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ em̄pate- tōm |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patitōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patk̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patetōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patf̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pats̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patetn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patoutōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pate- tōm |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patitōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patk̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patetōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patf̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pats̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patoutōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pate- tōm |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ xareïtōm | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ xarektōm | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ xaretōm | ⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ xareftōm | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ xarestōm | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ xarentōm | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ xaretetn̄tōm | ⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ xaroutōm | ⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ xare- tōm |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ maïtōm | ⲙⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ maktōm | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ maretōm | ⲙⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ maftōm | ⲙⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ mastōm | ⲙⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ mantōm | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ matetn̄tōm | ⲙⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ mautōm | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲙⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ mare- tōm, ma- tōm |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ exareïtōm | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ exarektōm | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ exaretōm | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ exareftōm | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ exarestōm | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ exarentōm | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ exaretetn̄tōm | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ exaroutōm | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ exare- tōm |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ emaïtōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ emaktōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ emaretōm | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ emaftōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ emastōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ emantōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ ematetn̄tōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ emautōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲙⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ emare- tōm, ema- tōm |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ etexareïtōm, etxareïtōm | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ etexarektōm, etxarektōm | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ etexaretōm, etxaretōm | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ etexareftōm, etxareftōm | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ etexarestōm, etxarestōm | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ etexarentōm, etxarentōm | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etexaretetn̄tōm, etxaretetn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ etexaroutōm, etxaroutōm | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ etexare- tōm, etxare- tōm |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ etemaïtōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ etemaktōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ etemaretōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ etemaftōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ etemastōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ etemantōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etematetn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ etemautōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ etemare- tōm, etema- tōm |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ nexareïtōm | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ nexarektōm | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ nexaretōm | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ nexareftōm | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ nexarestōm | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ nexarentōm | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nexaretetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ nexaroutōm | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ nexare- tōm |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ nemaïtōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ nemaktōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ nemaretōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ nemaftōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ nemastōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ nemantōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nematetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ nemautōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛⲉⲙⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ nemare- tōm, nema- tōm |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ amaïtōm | ⲁⲙⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ amaktōm | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ amaretōm | ⲁⲙⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ amaftōm | ⲁⲙⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ amastōm | ⲁⲙⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ amantōm | ⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ amatetn̄tōm | ⲁⲙⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ amautōm | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲙⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ amare- tōm, ma- tōm |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲧⲱⲙ aïatōm | ⲁⲕⲁⲧⲱⲙ akatōm | ⲁⲣⲁⲧⲱⲙ aratōm | ⲁϥⲁⲧⲱⲙ afatōm | ⲁⲥⲁⲧⲱⲙ asatōm | ⲁⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ anatōm | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ atetnatōm | ⲁⲩⲁⲧⲱⲙ auatōm | ⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ a- tōm |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ natōm, enatōm | ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ nektōm, enektōm | ⲛⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱⲙ netōm, enetōm | ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲛⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ neftōm, eneftōm | ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ nestōm, enestōm | ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ nentōm, enentōm | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ netn̄tōm, enetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ neutōm, eneutōm | ⲛⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ ne- tōm |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲙ maritōm | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ mareftōm | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ marestōm | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ marn̄tōm | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ maroutōm | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ mare- tōm |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲙ mn̄tatōm | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ mn̄tf̄tōm | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ mn̄ts̄tōm | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ mn̄tn̄tōm | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ mn̄toutōm | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ mn̄te- tōm |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲙ tatōm | ⲕⲧⲱⲙ ktōm | ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ tetōm | ϥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧϥⲧⲱⲙ ftōm, n̄tftōm | ⲥⲧⲱⲙ stōm | ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ tn̄tōm | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ tetn̄tōm | ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ setōm, soutōm | ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ te- tōm |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲙ taritōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ tarektōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ taretōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ tareftōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ tarestōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ tarn̄tōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ taretetn̄tōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ taroutōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ tare- tōm |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲙ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲙ n̄taritōm, taritōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ n̄tarektōm, tarektōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ n̄taretōm, taretōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ n̄tareftōm, tareftōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ n̄tarestōm, tarestōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ n̄tarn̄tōm, tarn̄tōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ n̄taretn̄tōm, taretn̄tōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ, ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ n̄taroutōm, taroutōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ n̄tare- tōm, tare- tōm |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲧⲱⲙ šatitōm | ϣⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ šatk̄tōm | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ šatetōm | ϣⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ šatf̄tōm | ϣⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ šats̄tōm | ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ šatn̄tōm | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ šatetn̄tōm | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ šatoutōm | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ šate- tōm |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲧⲱⲙ aïšatōm, eïšatōm | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲕϣⲁⲧⲱⲙ akšatōm, ekšatōm | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲧⲱⲙ arešatōm, erešatōm | ⲁϥϣⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϥϣⲁⲧⲱⲙ afšatōm, efšatōm | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲥϣⲁⲧⲱⲙ asšatōm, esšatōm | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲛϣⲁⲧⲱⲙ anšatōm, enšatōm | ⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ ašatetn̄tōm, ešatetn̄tōm | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲩϣⲁⲧⲱⲙ aušatōm, eušatōm | ⲁϣⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ aša- tōm, eša- tōm |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ aïtōm | ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ aktōm | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ aretōm | ⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ aftōm | ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ astōm | ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ antōm | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ atetn̄tōm | ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ autōm | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ are- tōm |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲧⲱⲙ tōm | imperative | affirmative | ⲧⲱⲙ tōm |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲧⲱⲙ tm̄tōm | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛⲧⲱⲙ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄ntōm, m̄pr̄tōm |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲧⲱⲙ titōm | ⲕⲧⲱⲙ ktōm | ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ tetōm | ϥⲧⲱⲙ ftōm | ⲥⲧⲱⲙ stōm | ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ tn̄tōm | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ tetn̄tōm | ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲙ setōm | ⲧⲱⲙ tōm |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ eïtōm | ⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ ektōm | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ eretōm | ⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ eftōm | ⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ estōm | ⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ entōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etetn̄tōm | ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ eutōm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ ere- tōm |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲧⲱⲙ etitōm | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ etk̄tōm, etektōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ etetōm, eteretōm | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ etf̄tōm, eteftōm | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ ets̄tōm, etestōm | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ etn̄tōm, etentōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etetn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ etoutōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ etere- tōm, ete- tōm |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ neïtōm | ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ nektōm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ neretōm | ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ neftōm | ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ nestōm | ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ nentōm | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ netetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ neutōm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ nere- tōm |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ tinatōm | ⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ knatōm | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ tenatōm | ϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ fnatōm | ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ snatōm | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ tn̄natōm | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ tetnatōm | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ senatōm | ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ natōm |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ eïnatōm | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ eknatōm | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ erenatōm | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ efnatōm | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ esnatōm | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ ennatōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etetnatōm | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ eunatōm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ ere- natōm |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etinatōm | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etk̄natōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etenatōm, eterenatōm | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etf̄natōm | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ ets̄natōm | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etn̄natōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etetnatōm | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etounatōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etere- natōm |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ neïnatōm | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ neknatōm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ nerenatōm | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ nefnatōm | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ nesnatōm | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ nennatōm | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ netetnatōm | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ neunatōm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ nere- natōm |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ aïtōm | ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ aktōm | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ aretōm | ⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ aftōm | ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ astōm | ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ antōm | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ atetn̄tōm | ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ autōm | ⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ a- tōm |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲙ m̄pitōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ m̄pk̄tōm, m̄pektōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄petōm, m̄pr̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ m̄pf̄tōm, m̄peftōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ m̄ps̄tōm, m̄pestōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ m̄pn̄tōm, m̄pentōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄petn̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ m̄poutōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pe- tōm |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ eaïtōm | ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ eaktōm | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ earetōm | ⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ eaftōm | ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ eastōm | ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ eantōm | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ eatetn̄tōm | ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ eautōm | ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ ea- tōm |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲧⲱⲙ empitōm | ⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ empk̄tōm, empektōm | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲙ empetōm, empr̄tōm | ⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ empk̄tōm, empektōm | ⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ emps̄tōm, empestōm | ⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ empn̄tōm, empentōm | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ empetn̄tōm | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ empoutōm | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ empe- tōm |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ etaïtōm, n̄taïtōm | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ etaktōm, n̄taktōm | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲙⲧⲱⲙ etaretōm, n̄tatōmtōm | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ etaftōm, n̄taftōm | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ etastōm, n̄tastōm | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ etantōm, n̄tantōm | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etatetn̄tōm, n̄tatetn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ etautōm, n̄tautōm | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ eta- tōm, n̄ta- tōm |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓⲧⲱⲙ etempitōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ etempk̄tōm, etempektōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etempetōm, etempr̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ etempk̄tōm, etempektōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ etemps̄tōm, etempestōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ etempn̄tōm, etempentōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etempetn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ etempoutōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ etempe- tōm |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ neaïtōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ neaktōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ nearetōm | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ neaftōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ neastōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ neantōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ neatetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ neautōm | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ nea- tōm |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲧⲱⲙ nempitōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ nempk̄tōm, nempektōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nempetōm, nempr̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ nempk̄tōm, nempektōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ nemps̄tōm, nempestōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ nempn̄tōm, nempentōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nempetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ nempoutōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ nempe- tōm |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ n̄taïtōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ n̄taktōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ n̄taretōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ n̄taftōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ n̄tastōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ n̄tantōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ n̄tatetn̄tōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ n̄tautōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ n̄ta- tōm |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲙ m̄patitōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄patk̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ m̄patetōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄patf̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pats̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄patn̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄patetn̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ m̄patoutōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pate- tōm |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲙ em̄patitōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄patk̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ em̄patetōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄patf̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄pats̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄patn̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄patetn̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ em̄patoutōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ em̄pate- tōm |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patitōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patk̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patetōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patf̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pats̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patetn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patoutōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pate- tōm |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patitōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patk̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patetōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patf̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pats̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patoutōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pate- tōm |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ šaïtōm | ϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ šaktōm | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ šaretōm | ϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ šaftōm | ϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ šastōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ šantōm | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ šatetn̄tōm | ϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ šautōm | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ šare- tōm |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ maïtōm | ⲙⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ maktōm | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ maretōm | ⲙⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ maftōm | ⲙⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ mastōm | ⲙⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ mantōm | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ matetn̄tōm | ⲙⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ mautōm | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ mare- tōm |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ ešaïtōm | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ ešaktōm | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ ešaretōm | ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ ešaftōm | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ ešastōm | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ ešantōm | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ ešatetn̄tōm | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ ešautōm | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ ešare- tōm |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ emaïtōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ emaktōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ emaretōm | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ emaftōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ emastōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ emantōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ ematetn̄tōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ emautōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ emare- tōm |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ etešaïtōm, ešaïtōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ etešaktōm, ešaktōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ etešaretōm, ešaretōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ etešaftōm, ešaftōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ etešastōm, ešastōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ etešantōm, ešantōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etešatetn̄tōm, ešatetn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ etešautōm, ešautōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ etešare- tōm, ešare- tōm |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ etemaïtōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ etemaktōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ etemaretōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ etemaftōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ etemastōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ etemantōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etematetn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ etemautōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ etemare- tōm |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ nešaïtōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ nešaktōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ nešaretōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ nešaftōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ nešastōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ nešantōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nešatetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ nešautōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ nešare- tōm |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ nemaïtōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ nemaktōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ nemaretōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ nemaftōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ nemastōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ nemantōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nematetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ nemautōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ nemare- tōm |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ emaïtōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ emaktōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ emaretōm | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ emaftōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ emastōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ emantōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ ematetn̄tōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ emautōm | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ emare- tōm |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲧⲱⲙ eïatōm | ⲉⲕⲁⲧⲱⲙ ekatōm | ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲱⲙ eratōm | ⲉϥⲁⲧⲱⲙ efatōm | ⲉⲥⲁⲧⲱⲙ esatōm | ⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ enatōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etetnatōm | ⲉⲩⲁⲧⲱⲙ euatōm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ ere- tōm |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ natōm | ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ nektōm | ⲛⲉⲧⲱⲙ netōm | ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ neftōm | ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ nestōm | ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ nentōm | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ netn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ neutōm | ⲛⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ ne- tōm |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲙ maritōm | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ mareftōm | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ marestōm | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ marn̄tōm | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ maroutōm | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ mare- tōm |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲁⲧⲱⲙ m̄prtratōm | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ m̄prtreftōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ m̄prtrestōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ m̄prtrentōm | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ m̄prtreutōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲱⲣⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pōrte- tōm |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲙ n̄tatōm, tatōm | ⲛ̄ⲅⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲧⲱⲙ, ⲕⲧⲱⲙ n̄gtōm, n̄ktōm, ktōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ n̄tetōm, tetōm | ⲛ̄ϥⲧⲱⲙ, ϥⲧⲱⲙ n̄ftōm, ftōm | ⲛ̄ⲥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲥⲧⲱⲙ n̄stōm, stōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ n̄tn̄tōm, tn̄tōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ n̄tetn̄tōm, tetn̄tōm | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲙ n̄setōm, setōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ n̄te- tōm |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲙ taritōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ tarektōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ taretōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ tareftōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ tarestōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ tarn̄tōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ taretn̄tōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ taroutōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ tare- tōm |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲙ n̄taritōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ n̄tarektōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ n̄taretōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ n̄tareftōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ n̄tarestōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ n̄tarn̄tōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ n̄taretn̄tōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ n̄taroutōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ n̄tare- tōm |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲧⲱⲙ šantitōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ šantk̄tōm, šantektōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ šantetōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ šantf̄tōm, šanteftōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ šants̄tōm, šantestōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ šantn̄tōm, šantentōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ šantetn̄tōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ šantoutōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ šante- tōm |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ eïšantōm | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ ekšantōm | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ eršantōm, erešantōm | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ efšantōm | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ esšantōm | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ enšantōm | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ ešantetn̄tōm | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ eušantōm | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲣϣⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ ešante- tōm, erša- tōm |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ eïtōm | ⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ ektōm | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ eretōm | ⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ eftōm | ⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ estōm | ⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ entōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etetn̄tōm | ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ eutōm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ ere- tōm |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲧⲱⲙ tōm | imperative | affirmative | ⲧⲱⲙ tōm |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲧⲱⲙ tm̄tōm | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pr̄tōm |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲧⲱⲙ titōm | ⲕⲧⲱⲙ ktōm | ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ tetōm | ϥⲧⲱⲙ ftōm | ⲥⲧⲱⲙ stōm | ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ tn̄tōm | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ tetn̄tōm | ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲙ setōm | ⲧⲱⲙ tōm |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ eïtōm | ⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ ektōm | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ eretōm | ⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ eftōm | ⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ estōm | ⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ entōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etetn̄tōm | ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ eutōm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ ere- tōm |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲧⲱⲙ etitōm | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etk̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ etetōm, eteretōm | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etf̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ ets̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etetn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ etoutōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ etere- tōm |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ neïtōm | ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ nektōm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ neretōm | ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ neftōm | ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ nestōm | ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ nentōm | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ netetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ neutōm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ nere- tōm |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ tinatōm | ⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ knatōm | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ tenatōm | ϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ fnatōm | ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ snatōm | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ tn̄natōm | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ tetnatōm | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ senatōm | ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ natōm |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ eïnatōm | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ eknatōm | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ erenatōm | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ efnatōm | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ esnatōm | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ ennatōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etetnatōm | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ eunatōm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ ere- natōm |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etinatōm | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etk̄natōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etenatōm, eterenatōm | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etf̄natōm | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ ets̄natōm | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etn̄natōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etetnatōm | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etounatōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ etere- natōm |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ neïnatōm | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ neknatōm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ nerenatōm | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ nefnatōm | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ nesnatōm | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ nennatōm | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ netetnatōm | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ neunatōm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ nere- natōm |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ aïtōm | ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ aktōm | ⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲁⲣⲧⲱⲙ, ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ atōm, artōm, aretōm | ⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ aftōm | ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ astōm | ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ antōm | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ atetn̄tōm | ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ autōm | ⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ a- tōm |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲙ m̄pitōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pk̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄petōm, m̄pr̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pf̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄ps̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pn̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄petn̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ m̄poutōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pe- tōm |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ eaïtōm | ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ eaktōm | ⲉⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲁⲣⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ eatōm, eartōm, earetōm | ⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ eaftōm | ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ eastōm | ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ eantōm | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ eatetn̄tōm | ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ eautōm | ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ ea- tōm |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲙ em̄pitōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄pk̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄petōm, em̄pr̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄pf̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄ps̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄pn̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄petn̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ em̄poutōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ em̄pe- tōm |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ entaïtōm, n̄taïtōm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ entaktōm, n̄taktōm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ entatōm, n̄tatōm, entartōm, n̄tartōm, entaretōm, n̄taretōm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ entaftōm, n̄taftōm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ entastōm, n̄tastōm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ entantōm, n̄tantōm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ entatetn̄tōm, n̄tatetn̄tōm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ entautōm, n̄tautōm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ enta- tōm, n̄ta- tōm |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pitōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pk̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄petōm, etem̄pr̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pf̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄ps̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄petn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ etem̄poutōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pe- tōm |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ neaïtōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ neaktōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ neatōm, neartōm, nearetōm | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ neaftōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ neastōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ neantōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ neatetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ neautōm | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ nea- tōm |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pitōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pk̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄petōm, nem̄pr̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pf̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄ps̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄petn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ nem̄poutōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pe- tōm |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ n̄taïtōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ n̄taktōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ n̄tatōm, n̄tartōm, n̄taretōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ n̄taftōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ n̄tastōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ n̄tantōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ n̄tatetn̄tōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ n̄tautōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲙ n̄ta- tōm |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲙ m̄patitōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄patk̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ m̄patetōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄patf̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pats̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄patn̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ m̄patetn̄tōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ m̄patoutōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pate- tōm |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲙ em̄patitōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄patk̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ em̄patetōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄patf̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄pats̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄patn̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ em̄patetn̄tōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ em̄patoutōm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ em̄pate- tōm |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patitōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patk̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patetōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patf̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pats̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patetn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ etem̄patoutōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ etem̄pate- tōm |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patitōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patk̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patetōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patf̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pats̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ nem̄patoutōm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ nem̄pate- tōm |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ šaïtōm | ϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ šaktōm | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ šaretōm | ϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ šaftōm | ϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ šastōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ šantōm | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ šatetn̄tōm | ϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ šautōm | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ šare- tōm |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ meïtōm | ⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ mektōm | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ meretōm | ⲙⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ meftōm | ⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ mestōm | ⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ mentōm | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ metetn̄tōm | ⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ meutōm | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ mere- tōm |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ ešaïtōm | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ ešaktōm | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ ešaretōm | ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ ešaftōm | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ ešastōm | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ ešantōm | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ ešatetn̄tōm | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ ešautōm | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ ešare- tōm |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ emeïtōm | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ emektōm | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ emeretōm | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ emeftōm | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ emestōm | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ ementōm | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ emetetn̄tōm | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ emeutōm | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ emere- tōm |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ etešaïtōm, ešaïtōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ etešaktōm, ešaktōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ etešaretōm, ešaretōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ etešaftōm, ešaftōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ etešastōm, ešastōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ etešantōm, ešantōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etešatetn̄tōm, ešatetn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ etešautōm, ešautōm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ etešare- tōm, ešare- tōm |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ etemeïtōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ etemektōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ etemeretōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ etemeftōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ etemestōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ etementōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etemetetn̄tōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ etemeutōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ etemere- tōm |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ nešaïtōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲙ nešaktōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ nešaretōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲙ nešaftōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲙ nešastōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ nešantōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nešatetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲙ nešautōm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ nešare- tōm |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ nemeïtōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ nemektōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ nemeretōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ nemeftōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ nemestōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ nementōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ nemetetn̄tōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ nemeutōm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ nemere- tōm |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ emeïtōm | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ emektōm | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ emeretōm | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ emeftōm | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ emestōm | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ ementōm | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ emetetn̄tōm | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ emeutōm | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ emere- tōm |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲧⲱⲙ eïetōm | ⲉⲕⲉⲧⲱⲙ eketōm | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ eretōm | ⲉϥⲉⲧⲱⲙ efetōm | ⲉⲥⲉⲧⲱⲙ esetōm | ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱⲙ enetōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲧⲱⲙ etetnetōm | ⲉⲩⲉⲧⲱⲙ euetōm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ ere- tōm |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲙ n̄natōm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ n̄nektōm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲱⲙ n̄netōm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ n̄neftōm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ n̄nestōm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ n̄nentōm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ n̄netn̄tōm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ n̄neutōm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ n̄ne- tōm |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲙ maritōm | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ mareftōm | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ marestōm | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ marn̄tōm | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ maroutōm | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ mare- tōm |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲧⲱⲙ m̄pr̄tratōm | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ m̄pr̄treftōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ m̄pr̄trestōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ m̄pr̄trentōm | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ m̄pr̄treutōm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ m̄pr̄tre- tōm |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲙ, ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲙ n̄tatōm, tatōm | ⲛ̄ⲅⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲧⲱⲙ n̄gtōm, n̄ktōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ n̄tetōm | ⲛ̄ϥⲧⲱⲙ n̄ftōm | ⲛ̄ⲥⲧⲱⲙ n̄stōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ n̄tn̄tōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ n̄tetn̄tōm | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲙ n̄setōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ n̄te- tōm |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲙ taritōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ tarektōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ taretōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ tareftōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ tarestōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ tarn̄tōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ taretn̄tōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ taroutōm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ tare- tōm |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲧⲱⲙ n̄teritōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ n̄terektōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲧⲱⲙ n̄teretōm, n̄terertōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ n̄tereftōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ n̄terestōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ n̄tern̄tōm, n̄terentōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ n̄teretn̄tōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ n̄teroutōm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ n̄tere- tōm |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲧⲱⲙ šantitōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲙ šantk̄tōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲱⲙ šantetōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ šantf̄tōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲙ šants̄tōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ šantn̄tōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ šantetn̄tōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ šantoutōm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ šante- tōm |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ eïšantōm | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ ekšantōm | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ eršantōm, erešantōm | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ efšantōm | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ esšantōm | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ enšantōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ etetn̄šantōm | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲙ eušantōm | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲧⲱⲙ eršan- tōm |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲙ eïtōm | ⲉⲕⲧⲱⲙ ektōm | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲙ eretōm | ⲉϥⲧⲱⲙ eftōm | ⲉⲥⲧⲱⲙ estōm | ⲉⲛⲧⲱⲙ entōm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲙ etetn̄tōm | ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲙ eutōm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲙ ere- tōm |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 412b
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 187