# ἔθω
## Ancient Greek

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### Etymology

* PIE word
* *swé
From Proto-Indo-European *swe-dʰh₁- (“custom, character”), from the reflexive pronoun *swé (“self”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”), equivalent to the acc. ἕ (hé) of οὗ (hoû, “him”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to set”): thus the original sense is to "set as one's own". Cognates include Latin suēscō, soleō, Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā́) and Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃 (sidus).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /é.tʰɔː/ → /ˈe.θo/ → /ˈe.θo/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /é.tʰɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈe.tʰo/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈe.θo/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈe.θo/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈe.θo/

### Verb

*ἔθω • (éthō) (found only in forms as at #Inflection)
* (with infinitive) to be accustomed, to tend to
** 391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 282
** 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 1
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.111
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.31
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.80
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.231
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.766
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.408
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.540
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.260
** 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 27b
** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Sulla 9
** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 939
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.99
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.51
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.17
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.55
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, Hist. 2.45.1:τὸν γὰρ οὐκ ὄντα ἅπας εἴωθεν ἐπαινεῖνtòn gàr ouk ónta hápas eíōthen epaineîneverybody tends to praise the deceased
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, Hist. 3.1.2:καὶ προσβολαί, ὥσπερ εἰώθεσαν, ἐγίγνοντο τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἱππέωνkaì prosbolaí, hṓsper eiṓthesan, egígnonto tôn Athēnaíōn hippéōnthe Athenian cavalry as usual attacked them

#### Inflection

Active present: Only the participle ἔθων (éthōn), ἔθουσᾰ (éthousa), ἔθοv (éthov) Active present perfect used in present sense: see εἴωθα (eíōtha)
Active pluperfect used in imperfect sense:
An aorist (past tense) *εἶθον is found only in Grammars and its infinitive εἰθεῖν (eitheîn) at Hesychius

#### Derived terms

* εἰωθώς m (eiōthṓs), εἰωθυίᾰ f (eiōthuía), εἰωθός n (eiōthós, present perfect participle)
** κατὰ τὸ εἰωθός (katà tò eiōthós, “according to custom”)
** παρὰ τὸ εἰωθός (parà tò eiōthós, “contrary to custom”)
** εἰωθότως (eiōthótōs, adverb)
* ἐθήμων (ethḗmōn)
* ἐθίζω (ethízō)
* ἔθος (éthos)
** ἐθικός (ethikós)
* ἔθιμος (éthimos)
* ἔθνος (éthnos)
* ἦθος (êthos)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἔθος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 378

### Further reading

* “ἔθω”, “εἴωθα”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
* “ἔθω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἔθω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ἔθω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ἔθω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* ἔθω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* ἔθω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
* G1486 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible