OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# erwerben
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German erwerben, from Old High German irwerban. Equivalent to er- +‎ werben. Compare Dutch verwerven.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɛɐ̯ˈvɛʁbən], [ɛɐ̯ˈvɛɐ̯bən], [ɛɐ̯ˈvɛɐ̯bm̩]
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: er‧wer‧ben

### Verb

erwerben (class 3 strong, third-person singular present erwirbt, past tense erwarb, past participle erworben, past subjunctive erwürbe, auxiliary haben)
* (transitive) to earn, gain, acquire
    Synonym: erlangen
    Er hat zwei Doktortitel erworben.He has earned two doctoral degrees.
    Sie hat sich ausgezeichnete Computerkenntnisse erworben.She has gained excellent computer skills.
* (transitive) to acquire, to succeed to (irrespectively of the legal cause)
    Als Alleinerbe meines Vaters habe ich Eigentum an diesem Grundstück erworben.As the sole heir of my father, I have succeeded into the ownership of this land lot.
** (Can we date this quote?), BGB, (Please provide the book title or journal name), § 854 I:Der Besitz einer Sache wird durch die Erlangung der tatsächlichen Gewalt über die Sache erworben.Possession of a material object is acquired by obtaining the factual power over the material object.
* (transitive) to purchase, acquire (grandiose trope for an act of buying but never in legal language)
    Synonym: kaufen
    In Mailand konnte ich diese wunderschöne Stola erwerben.In Milan I was able to purchase this wonderful stole.
* (medicine, psychology) to gradually develop, acquire, learn (as opposed to being born with)
    Ein erworbenes und nicht angeborenes Verhalten.An acquired but not innate behavior.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* Erwerben, Erwerber, Erwerbung, Erwerb
* erwerbend, erworben

### Further reading

* “erwerben” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “erwerben” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “erwerben” in Duden online
* “erwerben” in OpenThesaurus.de
# Vierzighubener
## German
### Etymology

From Vierzighuben +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfɪɐ̯t͡sɪçˌhuːbn̩ɐ]
* Hyphenation: Vier‧zig‧hu‧be‧ner

### Noun

Vierzighubener m (strong, genitive Vierzighubeners, plural Vierzighubener, feminine Vierzighubenerin)
* a native or inhabitant of Vierzighuben

#### Declension
### Adjective

Vierzighubener (indeclinable, no predicative form)
* (relational) of Vierzighuben

#### Usage notes

* Words like this are considered indeclinable adjectives, as noted by Duden, DWDS and other modern German references, but are capitalized because they originated as genitive plurals of substantives. See -er for more.
# erwehren
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German erwern, from Old High German irwerren, irwerien. Equivalent to er- +‎ wehren.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɛɐ̯ˈveːʁən]
* Hyphenation: er‧weh‧ren
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

erwehren (weak, third-person singular present erwehrt, past tense erwehrte, past participle erwehrt, auxiliary haben)
* (reflexive) to resist, to fend off [with genitive ‘someone/something’]
** 2022, Marcus Land, “Künstler für die Ukraine: Momente mit Gänsehaut und voller Empathie”, in Hellweger Anzeiger‎:Zweieinhalb Flugstunden vom Ruhrgebiet entfernt erwehrt sich ein Volk eines kriegerischen Angriffs.Two and a half hours by plane from the Ruhr region, a nation is fighting off a belligerent assault.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* Erwehren

### Further reading

* “erwehren” in Duden online
* “erwehren” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “erwehren” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
# buge
## Champenois
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin būteō.

### Pronunciation

IPA: /byʒ/

### Noun

buge f (plural buges)
* buzzard, Buteo

### References

* Daunay, Jean (1998) Parlers de Champagne : Pour un classement thématique du vocabulaire des anciens parlers de Champagne (Aube - Marne - Haute-Marne)‎ (in French), Rumilly-lés-Vaudes
* Baudoin, Alphonse (1885) Glossaire de la forêt de Clairvaux‎ (in French), Troyes

## Danish
### Noun

buge c
* indefinite plural of bug
# 警察庁
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 警 | 察 | 庁 |
| けい Grade: 6 | さつ Grade: 4 | ちょう Grade: 6 |
* Alternative spelling
* 警察廳 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

警察 (“police”) +‎ 庁 (“government office”)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けーさつちょー [kèésátsúꜜchòò] (Nakadaka – [4])
* (Tokyo) けーさつちょー [kèésáꜜtsùchòò] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [ke̞ːsa̠t͡sɨ̥t͡ɕo̞ː]

### Proper noun

警(けい)察(さつ)庁(ちょう) • (keisatsuchō)
* National Police Agency
# gubasić
## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From gubić się + -as + ić?”)

### Pronunciation

* (Greater Poland):
** (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) IPA: /ɡuˈba.ɕit͡ɕ/

### Verb

gubasić impf
* (reflexive with się, Chełmno) Synonym of guzdrać się

### Further reading

* Gustaw Pobłocki (1887) “gubasić”, in Słownik kaszubski z dodatkiem idyotyzmów chełmińskich i kociewskich (in Polish), 2 edition, Chełmno, page 131
# erwürgen
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German erwürgen, from Old High German irwurgen. Equivalent to er- +‎ würgen (“to choke”). The main sense has always been “strangle”. In Early Modern German it was generalised to “kill, murder”, but this use was shortlived.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛʁˈvʏʁɡən/, [ʔɛɐ̯ˈvʏɐ̯.ɡŋ̍]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

erwürgen (weak, third-person singular present erwürgt, past tense erwürgte, past participle erwürgt, auxiliary haben)
* (transitive) to strangle (choke someone to death)
    Synonym: erdrosseln
* (obsolete) to kill violently, to slay, murder [chiefly 16th c.]

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* Erwürgen

#### Related terms

* würgen

### Further reading

* “erwürgen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “erwürgen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “erwürgen” in Duden online
# ristrutturò
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ri.strut.tuˈrɔ/$^*$
* Rhymes: -ɔ
* Hyphenation: ri‧strut‧tu‧rò

### Verb

ristrutturò
* third-person singular past historic of ristrutturare
# Ferae
## Translingual
### Etymology

From Latin ferae (“wild, savage”), originally coined in its now obsolete sense by Carl Linnaeus.

### Proper noun

Ferae
* (obsolete) A taxonomic order within the class Mammalia – corresponding to Carnivora.
* An unranked clade (mirorder) uniting the orders Carnivora and Pholidota.

#### Synonyms

* (clade of Carnivora and Pholidota): Ostentoria (neologism)

### Further reading

* “Ferae”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
# dual degree
## English
### Noun

dual degree (plural dual degrees)
* Synonym of double degree
# Mravec
## Czech
### Etymology

From dialectal mravec (“ant”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmravɛt͡s]

### Proper noun

Mravec m anim (female equivalent Mravcová)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Mravec”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)

## Slovak
### Etymology

From mravec (“ant”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmravet͡s]
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Mravec m pers (female equivalent Mravcová)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Mravec”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# Glen Lyon
## English
### Proper noun

Glen Lyon
* A glen and valley of the River Lyon in Perth and Kinross council area, Scotland.
* A census-designated place in Newport Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States.
# erzürnen
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German erzürnen, from Old High German irzurnen. Equivalent to er- +‎ zürnen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɛɐ̯ˈt͡sʏʁnən]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: er‧zür‧nen

### Verb

erzürnen (weak, third-person singular present erzürnt, past tense erzürnte, past participle erzürnt, auxiliary haben)
* (transitive, formal) to enrage
** 1809, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, chapter 18, in Die Wahlverwandschaften [Elective Affinities]‎, part 1:Man haßt einen, man erzürnt sich, man übereilt sich, und in Gefolg von dem und manchem andern kann es wohl kommen, daß man gelegentlich einen totschlägt.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1827, Heinrich Heine, Buch der Lieder [Book of Songs]‎, Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe:Denn du, Poetlein, hast nie mich erzürnt, / Du hast kein einziges Türmchen verletzt / An Priamos' heiliger Feste(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* Erzürnen
* erzürnend, erzürnt

#### Related terms

* Zorn

### Further reading

* “erzürnen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “erzürnen” in Duden online
* “erzürnen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “erzürnen” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
# biodiverzita
## Czech
### Etymology

From bio- +‎ diverzita.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɪjodɪvɛrzɪta]

### Noun

biodiverzita f
* (ecology) biodiversity
    Synonym: biologická diverzita

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “biodiverzita”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Slovak
### Etymology

From bio- +‎ diverzita.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbiɔdiverzita]

### Noun

biodiverzita f
* (ecology) biodiversity

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “biodiverzita”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# აბედი
## Georgian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Georgian აბედი (abedi). Further etymology is unknown.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [abedi]

### Noun

აბედი • (abedi) (plural აბედები)
* tinder, touchwood; amadou
    აბედის სოკო ― abedis soḳo ― tinder fungus (Fomes fomentarius/ignarius)
* canker

#### Derived terms

* აბედივით ვაშლი (abedivit vašli)
* აბედა (abeda)

#### Descendants

* → Middle Armenian: աբեթ (abetʻ), աբէդ (abēd), աբեդ (abed)
** Armenian: աբեթ (abetʻ), աբՙբՙեթ (abʻbʻetʻ) — Haçin, աբՙէթ (abʻētʻ) — Kharberd, ափէթ (apʻētʻ) — Hamshen, աբՙիթ (abʻitʻ) — Zeitun, աբէթ (abētʻ) — Karabakh
* → Mingrelian: ობედი (obedi), აბედი (abedi)
** → Svan: ჰობედ (hobed)
* → Svan: ჰაბედ (habed), ჰაბო̈დ (haböd), აბედ (abed), ა̈ბედ (äbed), აბედ (abed)
* → Turkish: abet — Artvin

### Further reading

* Bläsing, Uwe (2015) “Georgische Gewächse auf türkischer Erde: Ein Beitrag zur Phytonomie in Nordostanatolien”, in Uwe Bläsing, Victoria Arakelova and Matthias Weinreich, editors, Studies on Iran and the Caucasus: In honour of Garnik Asatrian (in German), Leiden: Brill, →DOI, pages 256–260
* Klimov, G. A. (1964) Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 43, reconstructs Proto-Kartvelian
* Klimov, G. A. (1985) “Дополнения к этимологическому словарю картвельских языков. II [Additions to the Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages. II]”, in Этимология‎ (in Russian), number 1983, Moscow: Nauka, page 168 of 166–179, discards the aforementioned reconstruction
* Marr, N. (1918) “Яфетические элементы в языках Армении. X [Japhethic Elements in the Languages of Armenia. X]”, in Известия Российской Академии Наук. VI серия‎ (in Russian), volume 12, number 6, page 339 of 317–348, derives from the root underlying Svan ლი-ბიდ (li-bid), მჷ-ბიდ (mə-bid, “combustible”), ლი-ბდ-ინ-ე (li-bd-in-e, “to set on fire”) (see Proto-Kartvelian *bdw-)
* Rayfield, Donald, editor (2006), “აბედი”, in A Comprehensive Georgian–English Dictionary, London: Garnett Press
* Starostin, S. A. (2005) “*abed-”, in Kartvelian etymological database compiled on the basis of G. Klimov's and Fähnrich-Sarjveladze's etymological dictionaries of Kartvelian languages

## Mingrelian
### Noun

აბედი • (abedi)
* Alternative form of ობედი (obedi)
# temnota
## Czech
### Etymology

From temný +‎ -ota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtɛmnota]

### Noun

temnota f
* darkness
    Synonym: tma

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “temnota”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “temnota”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “temnota”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

## Slovak
### Etymology

From temný +‎ -ota.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈcemnɔta]

### Noun

temnota f (related adjective temnotný)
* darkness
    Synonyms: tma, temno

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “temnota”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# kandidóza
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkandɪdoːza]

### Noun

kandidóza f
* (pathology) candidiasis

#### Declension
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkandidoːza]

### Noun

kandidóza f
* (pathology) candidiasis

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “kandidóza”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# Phong reflection
## English
### Noun

Phong reflection (countable and uncountable, plural Phong reflections)
* (computer graphics) Synonym of Phong lighting
# ukrajinčina
## Slovak
### Etymology

From ukrajinský +‎ -ina.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈukrajint͡ʃina]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

ukrajinčina f
* Ukrainian (language)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “ukrajinčina”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# described video
## English
### Noun

described video (countable and uncountable, plural described videos)
* A video recording that includes an audio track designed for a visually impaired audience that describes the visual elements of a film, which can also include acting out subtitled dialogue in character as needed.
    Synonyms: described audio, DV
    Coordinate term: audio description

#### Derived terms

* DV

#### Related terms

* video description

#### See also

* ST / subtitle / subtitling
* CC / closed caption / closed captioning
# tigriňa
## Slovak
### Etymology

Derived from Tigrinya ትግርኛ (təgrəña).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtiɡriɲa/

### Noun

tigriňa f (genitive singular tigrine, declension pattern of ulica)
* the Tigrinya language

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “tigriňa”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# corporate nuns
## English
### Noun

corporate nuns
* plural of corporate nun
# 一期末代
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 一 | 期 | 末 | 代 |
| いち Grade: 1 | ご Grade: 3 | まつ Grade: 4 | だい Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [it͡ɕiɡo̞ma̠t͡sɨda̠i]

### Phrase

一(いち)期(ご)末(まつ)代(だい) • (ichigomatsudai)
* this world (life) and the next; eternity
# bretónčina
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbretoːnt͡ʃina]

### Noun

bretónčina f
* Breton (language)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “bretónčina”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# hebrejčina
## Slovak
### Etymology

From hebrejský +‎ -ina.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦebrejt͡ʃina]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

hebrejčina f
* Hebrew (language)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “hebrejčina”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# 一見客
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 一 | 見 | 客 |
| いち Grade: 1 | けん > げん Grade: 1 | きゃく Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi |||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いちげんきゃく [ìchígéꜜǹ kyàkù] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [it͡ɕiɡe̞ŋʲ kʲa̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

一(いち)見(げん)客(きゃく) • (ichigen kyaku)
* first-time customer, chance customer; customer without an introduction from a regular customer

#### Related terms

* 一見(いちげん)さん (ichigen-san)
# nūns
## English
### Noun

nūns
* plural of nūn
# komijčina
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɔmijt͡ʃina]

### Noun

komijčina f
* Komi (language)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “komijčina”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# თურქული
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tʰuɾkʰuli]
* Hyphenation: თურ‧ქუ‧ლი

### Proper noun

თურქული • (turkuli)
* Turkish language
    თურქული არ ვიცი ― turkuli ar vici ― I don't speak Turkish

### Noun

თურქული • (turkuli) (plural თურქულები)
* murrain
# backalong
## English
### Adverb

backalong (not comparable)
* (Cornwall) In former times; in the past.
# nemčina
## Slovak
### Etymology

From nemecký +‎ -ina.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɲemt͡ʃina]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

nemčina f
* German (language)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “nemčina”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# ùrlar
## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Middle Irish urlár (compare Irish urlár).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈuːrˠl̪ˠəɾ/, [ˈuːɹl̪ˠəɾ]
* (Uist, Barra) IPA: /ˈũːl̪ˠaɾ/ (as if spelled unnlar)

### Noun

ùrlar m (genitive singular ùrlair, plural ùrlaran)
* floor
    air an ùrlar ― on the floor
* (music) theme, motif
** (pìobaireachd) the ground, the first movement in a pìobaireachd composition, a highly ornamented theme

#### Synonyms

* (floor): làr

#### Derived terms

* àrd-ùrlar (“stage, rostrum, platform, dais”)
* ùrlaraich (“pave, floor”, verb)

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “airlár”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎, Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “ùrlar”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
# Leonard
## English
### Alternative forms

* (surname): Larned

### Etymology

From Old French Leonard, name of a 6th century Frankish saint, from Old High German leo (“lion”) or Old High German liut (“person”) and hart (“hard”). As a surname, also used as an anglicisation of Irish Ó Leannáin (Lennon).

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˈlɛnɚd/

### Proper noun

Leonard
* A male given name from the Germanic languages.
** 1844, Catherine Gore, The Birthright and Other Tales, Henry Colburn, published 1844, page 251:- - - save the delight of being called "Leo" by those whom the newspapers call "the leading fashionables", whereas, had he stuck to the city, he might still have been called only Leonard, like his father before him.
** 1997, Don DeLillo, Underworld, Simon&Schuster, published 1998, →ISBN, page 592:"You want names, I'll give you names. My name is Leonard Alfred Schneider. What was I doing when I took the name Lenny Bruce? I was moving towards the invisible middle.
* A surname transferred from the given name.
* A surname from Irish.
* A number of places in the United States:
** A village in Oakland County, Michigan.
** A minor city in Clearwater County, Minnesota.
** A village in Shelby County, Missouri.
** A minor city in Cass County, North Dakota.
** An unincorporated community in Tulsa County, Oklahoma.
** A city in Fannin County, Texas.

#### Usage notes

* The given name has been in quite continuous use since the Middle Ages. A popularity peak occurred during the first half of the 20th century.

#### Derived terms

* Leonardtown
* St Leonards, St Leonard's

#### Related terms

* (diminutives) Len, Lenny, Leo, Leon

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Leonard is the 338th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 91.475 individuals. Lange is most common among White (80.38%) and Black (14.07%) individuals.

### Anagrams

* Landore, Renaldo, endoral, ladrone

## Old French
### Proper noun

Leonard m (nominative singular Leonards)
* a male given name, equivalent to English Leonard

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lɛˈɔ.nart/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔnart
* Syllabification: Le‧o‧nard

### Etymology 1

Derived from Old High German leo + hart.

#### Proper noun

Leonard m pers (female equivalent Leonarda, diminutive Leoś)
* a male given name from Old High German, equivalent to English Leonard

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Proper noun

Leonard f
* genitive plural of Leonarda

### Further reading

* Leonard in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Proper noun

Leonard m (genitive/dative lui Leonard)
* a male given name

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɛɔnard/

### Proper noun

Leonard m pers (genitive singular Leonarda, nominative plural Leonardovia, declension pattern of chlap)
* a male given name

#### Derived terms

* Leonardko
* Leo
* Leoš

### Further reading

* “Leonard”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
# Cromwell
## English
### Etymology

From Old English crump (“crooked, bent”) +‎ wella (“spring”), equivalent to crump +‎ well.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈkɹɒmwəl/, /ˈkɹɒmwɛl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈkɹɑmwəl/, /ˈkɹɑmwɛl/
* (dated) IPA: /ˈkɹʌmwəl/, /ˈkɹʌmwɛl/
* Hyphenation: Crom‧well

### Proper noun

Cromwell
* An English habitational surname from Old English from any of several placenames.
** Oliver Cromwell, English military leader, politician, and dictator, or his son Richard Cromwell.
* A village and civil parish in Newark and Sherwood district, Nottinghamshire, England (OS grid ref SK7961).
* A town in Central Otago, New Zealand.
* An unincorporated community in Choctaw County, Alabama, United States.
* A former settlement in Lassen County, California, United States.
* A town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States.
* A town in Noble County, Indiana, United States.
* A small city in Union County, Iowa, United States.
* A small city in Carlton County, Minnesota, United States.
* A town in Seminole County, Oklahoma, United States.
* An unincorporated community in Pierce County, Washington, United States.

#### Derived terms

* Cromwellian
* Cromwell's rule

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Cromwell is the 4,397th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 8,087 individuals. Cromwell is most common among White (66.32%) and Black (25.75%) individuals.

### References

* ↑ “Cromwell Surname Origin & Meaning”, in forebears.io, 2020
* ↑ Parish map (England)
* ↑ NZ Topo Map

### Further reading

* “Cromwell”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.