# 加工
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāgōng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚ ㄍㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa$^1$ gung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kâ-kûng
    (Hailu, HRS): ga$^ˋ$ gung$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ga$^1$ gung$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ka-kang / kee-kang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gia$^1$ gang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāgōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ ㄍㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiagong
*** Wade–Giles: chia$^1$-kung$^1$
*** Yale: jyā-gūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiagong
*** Palladius: цзягун (czjagun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$加工 夾攻／夹攻 家公
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaa$^1$ gung$^1$
*** Yale: gā gūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaa$^1$ gung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ga$^1$ gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaː⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$加工 家公
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-kûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: ga$^ˊ$ gung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ga$^1$ gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ga$^ˋ$ gung$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ka⁵³ kuŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ga$^1$ gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ka⁴⁴ kʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-kang
*** Tâi-lô: ka-kang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ka'kafng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³ kaŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ka⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee-kang
*** Tâi-lô: kee-kang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gia$^1$ gang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kia kang
*** Sinological IPA : /kia³³⁻²³ kaŋ³³/

#### Verb

加工
* to process (to perform mechanical or chemical operations)
* to polish (to improve; to refine)

#### Noun

加工
* processing (of a mechanical or chemical nature)
    材料加工工程 ― cáiliào jiāgōng gōngchéng ― material processing engineering
    農產品加工／农产品加工 ― nóngchǎnpǐn jiāgōng ― processing of agricultural products
* working (of machinery)

#### Adjective

加工
* (attributive) processed
    加工食品 ― jiāgōng shípǐn ― processed food

##### Antonyms

* 純天然／纯天然 (chúntiānrán)
* 無加工／无加工 (wújiāgōng)

#### Derived terms

* 加工廠／加工厂 (jiāgōngchǎng)
* 加工業／加工业 (jiāgōngyè)
* 加工機／加工机 (jiāgōngjī)
* 加工水 (jiāgōngshuǐ)
* 無加工／无加工 (wújiāgōng)
* 精加工

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ke-kang / kee-kang
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke-kang
*** Tâi-lô: ke-kang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ke'kafng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /ke⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ke⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ke³³ kaŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee-kang
*** Tâi-lô: kee-kang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

#### Verb

加工
* (Southern Min) to waste one's energy

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 加 | 工 |
| か Grade: 4 | こう Grade: 2 |
| kan'on ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かこー [kàkóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠ko̞ː]

### Noun

加(か)工(こう) • (kakō)
* manufacturing
* processing

### Verb

加(か)工(こう)する • (kakō suru) transitive suru (stem 加(か)工(こう)し (kakō shi), past 加(か)工(こう)した (kakō shita))
* manufacture
* process

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 加工し | かこうし | kakō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 加工し | かこうし | kakō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 加工する | かこうする | kakō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 加工する | かこうする | kakō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 加工すれ | かこうすれ | kakō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 加工せよ¹ 加工しろ² | かこうせよ¹ かこうしろ² | kakō seyo¹ kakō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 加工される | かこうされる | kakō sareru |
| Causative | 加工させる 加工さす | かこうさせる かこうさす | kakō saseru kakō sasu |
| Potential | 加工できる | かこうできる | kakō dekiru |
| Volitional | 加工しよう | かこうしよう | kakō shiyō |
| Negative | 加工しない | かこうしない | kakō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 加工せず | かこうせず | kakō sezu |
| Formal | 加工します | かこうします | kakō shimasu |
| Perfective | 加工した | かこうした | kakō shita |
| Conjunctive | 加工して | かこうして | kakō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 加工すれば | かこうすれば | kakō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 加 | 工 |

### Noun

加工 • (gagong) (hangeul 가공)
* hanja form of 가공 (“processing; treatment; improvement”)