# rill
## English
### Etymology

From or akin to West Frisian ril (“rill; a narrow channel”), Dutch ril (“rill; gully; trench; watercourse”), German Low German Rille, Rill (“a small channel; brook; furrow”), German Rille (“a groove; furrow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹɪl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
    Rhymes: -ɪl

### Noun

rill (plural rills)
* A very small brook; a streamlet; a creek, rivulet.
** 1750 June 12 (date written; published 1751), T[homas] Gray, “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, in Designs by Mr. R[ichard] Bentley, for Six Poems by Mr. T. Gray, London: […] R[obert] Dodsley, […], published 1753, →OCLC:[N]or yet beside the rill / Nor up the lawn, nor at the wood was he
** 1797, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Kubla Khan: Or A Vision in a Dream”, in Christabel: Kubla Khan, a Vision: The Pains of Sleep, London: […] John Murray, […], by William Bulmer and Co. […], published 1816, →OCLC, pages 55–56:So twice five miles of fertile ground / With walls and towers were girdled round: / And here were gardens bright with sinuous rills, / Where blossom'd many an incense-bearing tree; / And here were forests ancient as the hills, / And folding sunny spots of greenery.
** 1860, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Essay III. Wealth.”, in The Conduct of Life, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 101:The secret of success lies never in the amount of money, but in the relation of income to outgo; as if, after expense has been fixed at a certain point, then new and steady rills of income, though never so small, being added, wealth begins.
** 1936, Norman Lindsay, The Flyaway Highway, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 53:"Most of them don't wash. Those who do usually plunge their head into some brook or rill, if there happens to be one about."
** 1955, J.R.R. Tolkien, The Return of the King:Light grew, and lo! the Company passed through another gateway, high-arched and broad, and a rill ran out beside them; and beyond, going steeply down, was a road between sheer cliffs, knife-edged against the sky far above.
* (planetology) Alternative form of rille.

#### Derived terms

* rill erosion
* rillet

#### Translations
### Verb

rill (third-person singular simple present rills, present participle rilling, simple past and past participle rilled)
* To trickle, pour, or run like a small stream.
** 1862, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Il Mystico, 81-86:And fainter, finer, trickle far To where the listening uplands are; To pause—then from his gurgling bill Let the warbled sweetness rill, And down the welkin, gushing free, Hark the molten melody;
** 1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 158:Alladad Khan was panting hard, soaked in sweat, and his rolled-up sleeve was all blood, blood rilling down his arm.

## Irish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

rill (present analytic rilleann, future analytic rillfidh, verbal noun rilleadh, past participle rillte)
* (transitive) riddle, sieve, sift
* (transitive) pour (as from sieve)

#### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | rillim | rilleann tú; rillir$^†$ | rilleann sé, sí | rillimid | rilleann sibh | rilleann siad; rillid$^†$ | a rilleann; a rilleas | rilltear |
| indicative | past | rill mé; rilleas | rill tú; rillis | rill sé, sí | rilleamar; rill muid | rill sibh; rilleabhair | rill siad; rilleadar | a rill / ar rill* | rilleadh |
| indicative | past habitual | rillinn | rillteá | rilleadh sé, sí | rillimis; rilleadh muid | rilleadh sibh | rillidís; rilleadh siad | a rilleadh / a rilleadh* | rilltí |
| future | future | rillfidh mé; rillfead | rillfidh tú; rillfir$^†$ | rillfidh sé, sí | rillfimid; rillfidh muid | rillfidh sibh | rillfidh siad; rillfid$^†$ | a rillfidh; a rillfeas | rillfear |
| conditional | conditional | rillfinn | rillfeá | rillfeadh sé, sí | rillfimis; rillfeadh muid | rillfeadh sibh | rillfidís; rillfeadh siad | a rillfeadh / a rillfeadh* | rillfí |
| subjunctive | present | go rille mé; go rillead$^†$ | go rille tú; go rillir$^†$ | go rille sé, sí | go rillimid; go rille muid | go rille sibh | go rille siad; go rillid$^†$ | — | go rilltear |
| subjunctive | past | dá rillinn | dá rillteá | dá rilleadh sé, sí | dá rillimis; dá rilleadh muid | dá rilleadh sibh | dá rillidís; dá rilleadh siad | — | dá rilltí |
| imperative | imperative | rillim | rill | rilleadh sé, sí | rillimis | rilligí; rillidh$^†$ | rillidís | — | rilltear |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | rilleadh | rilleadh | rilleadh | rilleadh | rilleadh | rilleadh | rilleadh | rilleadh |
| past participle | past participle | rillte | rillte | rillte | rillte | rillte | rillte | rillte | rillte |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form

#### Derived terms

* rilleán m (“riddle, coarse sieve”)

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “rill”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “rillim”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “rill”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024