# 臉

| 臉 | U+81C9, &#33225; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81C9 |
| ← 臈 [U+81C8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 臊 → [U+81CA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

臉 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月人一人 (BOMO), four-corner 7828$_6$, composition ⿰⺼僉)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 996, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29954
* Dae Jaweon: page 1447, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2117, character 4
* Unihan data for U+81C9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 厱 | *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam |
| 歛 | *qʰlaːm |
| 臉 | *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ |
| 醶 | *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ |
| 鹼 | *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam |
| 薟 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram |
| 匳 | *ɡ·ram |
| 獫 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ |
| 蘞 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam |
| 籢 | *ɡ·ram |
| 斂 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
| 瀲 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
| 撿 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ |
| 羷 | *ɡ·ramʔ |
| 殮 | *ɡ·rams |
| 簽 | *skʰlam |
| 僉 | *skʰlam |
| 憸 | *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
| 譣 | *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
| 檢 | *kramʔ |
| 瞼 | *kramʔ |
| 儉 | *ɡramʔ |
| 顩 | *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 嬐 | *ŋramʔ |
| 嶮 | *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ |
| 噞 | *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams |
| 驗 | *ŋrams |
| 險 | *qʰramʔ |
| 劒 | *kams |
| 劍 | *kams |
| 𩏩 | *qʰam |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ) : semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gram (“cheek; face”). Cognate with Tibetan འགྲམ་པ ('gram pa, “cheek”), འགྲམ་རུས ('gram rus, “cheekbone”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): liǎn, jiǎn (lian$^3$, jian$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˇ, ㄐㄧㄢˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nian$^3$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лян (li͡an, II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lim$^5$ / lim$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): liam$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): lien$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): liám
    (Meixian, Guangdong): liên$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): lie$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): lǐng
* Eastern Min (BUC): liēng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lián / liám
    (Teochew, Peng'im): liang$^2$ / liêng$^2$ / liam$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$li
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lienn$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liǎn
*** Wade–Giles: lien$^3$
*** Yale: lyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lean
*** Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛn²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (臉兒／脸儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liǎnr
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liǎnr
*** Wade–Giles: lien$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: lyǎnr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leal
*** Palladius: ляньр (ljanʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɑɻ²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, shangkouzi pronunciation)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎn
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^3$
*** Yale: jyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nian$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lian
*** Sinological IPA : /niɛn⁵³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лян (li͡an, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /liæ̃⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lim$^5$ / lim$^6$
*** Yale: líhm / lihm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lim$^5$ / lim$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lim$^5$ / lim$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːm¹³/, /liːm²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: liam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /liam²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: lien$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /liɛn²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liám
*** Hakka Romanization System: liam$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: liam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /li̯am³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: liên$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /liɛn⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: lie$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /lie⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǐng
*** Sinological IPA : /liŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: liēng
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ieŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lián / liám
*** Tâi-lô: lián / liám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liern, liarm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɛn⁵³/, /liam⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛn⁵⁵⁴/, /liam⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛn⁵³/, /liam⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɛn⁵³/, /liam⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn⁴¹/, /liam⁴¹/
* lián - vernacular;
* liám - literary.
* Middle Chinese: leamX
Rime :
| Character | 臉 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 咸 (151) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 力減切 |
| Baxter | leamX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lˠɛm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lᵚæm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɐm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ləɨm$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /lɐm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lɐm$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /lăm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | laam$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·reːmʔ/, /*kramʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 臉 | 臉 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 10180 | 10212 |
| Phonetic component | 僉 | 僉 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 臉 | 檢 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·reːmʔ/ | /*kramʔ/ |
| Notes | | 瞼分化字 |

#### Definitions

臉
* (literary) cheek
* face (Classifier: 張／张 m)
    洗臉／洗脸 ― xǐliǎn ― to wash one's face
    臉上的笑容／脸上的笑容 ― liǎn shàng de xiàoróng ― smile on one's face
* (by extension) facial expression; complexion
* (figurative) front part of something
* (figurative) reputation; face; image
    賞臉／赏脸 ― shǎngliǎn ― to honour somebody with one's presence
    丟臉／丢脸 ― diūliǎn ― to lose face; to bring shame to oneself
    沒臉見人／没脸见人 ― méi liǎn jiàn rén ― to be too embarrassed to face anybody

#### Synonyms

* (face):
* 喙面 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 嘴臉／嘴脸 (zuǐliǎn) (usually derogatory)
* 臉子／脸子 (liǎnzi) (colloquial)
* 臉蛋／脸蛋 (liǎndàn) (colloquial)
* 臉蛋子／脸蛋子 (liǎndànzi) (colloquial, mainland China)
* 臉部／脸部 (liǎnbù)
* 臉面／脸面 (liǎnmiàn)
* 面 (miàn) (compounds or dialectical)
* 面孔 (miànkǒng) (formal or Wu)
* 面目 (miànmù)
* 面貌 (miànmào)
* 面部 (miànbù)
* 顏面／颜面 (yánmiàn)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 面, 顏 countenance |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 臉, 臉部, 面孔, 臉孔, 臉面 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 臉, 臉兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 臉蛋子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 臉蛋子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 臉, 臉蛋子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 臉, 臉蛋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 臉 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 臉 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 臉 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 臉 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 臉 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 臉 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 臉, 面 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Kaifeng | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 臉, 面 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 臉, 面 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 臉, 臉佬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 臉, 臉兒, 臉膛子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 臉, 臉面 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 張臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 臉, 面 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 臉, 臉蛋子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Xigou) | 臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Changshanzi) | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 臉, 盤子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 臉, 臉敦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 臉, 臉巴兒, 臉登兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 臉, 面孔 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 臉, 面 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 臉, 面子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 臉, 臉面 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 臉, 臉盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 臉包 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 臉, 面 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 臉, 面孔 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 臉, 面 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 臉 |
| Mandarin | Nanping (Yanping) | 臉 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 面, 面頂 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 面 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 面 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 面 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 面 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 面 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 面, 面口 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 面 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 面 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 面, 面子蛋 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 面 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 面 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 面 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 面 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 面 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 面 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 面 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 面 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 面 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 臉 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 面 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 面 |
| Gan | Jianning | 面嘴 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 面 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 面 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 面 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 面 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 面 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 面 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 面 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 面 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 面 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 面 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 面 |
| Hakka | Changting | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 面 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 面, 面嘴 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 面盤 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 面 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 面 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 面 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 面 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 面 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 面 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 面 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 面 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 面, 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 面 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 面 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 面 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 面 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 面 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 面 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 面 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 面 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 面 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 面 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 面 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 面 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 面 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Hengzhou (Xiaoyi) | 面 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 面 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 面 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 面 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 面 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 面 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 面嘴 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 面嘴 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 臉 |
| Jin | Taiyuan (Jinyuan) | 臉 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 臉 |
| Jin | Datong | 臉 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 臉, 臉面 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 臉 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 臉, 臉面 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 臉 |
| Jin | Linhe | 臉 |
| Jin | Jining | 臉 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 臉 |
| Jin | Baotou | 臉 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 眉眼 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 面 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 臉 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 臉 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 臉 |
| Jin | Handan | 臉 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 臉 |
| Jin | Suide | 臉, 臉面 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 面孔 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 面, 面頰 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 面頰 |
| Northern Min | Nanping (Xiayang, Yanping) | 面 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 面, 面頰 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 面 |
| Northern Min | Shunchang (Yangdun) | 面 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 面 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 面 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 面, 面䫌 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi (Xiyang, Xibin) | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi (Tiantang, Yangzhong) | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi (Tangchuan) | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi (Zhongxian) | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 面 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 面 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 面 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 面 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 面 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 面 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 面 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 面 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 面 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 面 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 面 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Yongjing) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 面 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 面 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 面 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 面 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 面頰 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 面 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 面, 隔溝 |
| Southern Min | Youxi (Jiemian, Banmian) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Youxi (Longyi, Xinyang) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Shunchang (Pushang) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Pingtian) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Xiaowen) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Dongsheng) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 面 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 面 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 面 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 面 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 面 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 面 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 面 |
| Puxian Min | Fuding (Aoyao) | 面 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 面嘴 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 面嘴 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 面嘴 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 面嘴 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 面 |
| Shaojiang Min | Jiangle | 面 |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 面嘴 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shunchang | 面把 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 面 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 面 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 面 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Xinxu) | 面 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 面 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 面 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 面 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 面 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 面 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 面 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 面 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 面 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 面 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 面 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 面 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 面 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 面 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 面 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 面 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 面包 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 面 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 面孔, 面顴, 番斯 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 面孔 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 面孔 |
| Wu | Danyang | 面孔 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 臉, 臉孔 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 面孔 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 面股, 面 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 面, 面孔 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 臉 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 面 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 面 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 臉 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 面腮 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Dong'an | 面古 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) | 面鉢, 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Zhoutian) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Shitang) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Songwei, Guitou) | 面鉢 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Changlai) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Beixiang) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Huangpu) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) | 面 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Sanxi) | 面 |

#### Compounds

* 上臉／上脸 (shàngliǎn)
* 三花臉／三花脸
* 上頭鋪臉／上头铺脸
* 不得臉／不得脸
* 不要臉／不要脸 (bùyàoliǎn)
* 不順臉／不顺脸
* 丟臉／丢脸 (diūliǎn)
* 二花臉／二花脸
* 倥臉／倥脸
* 做嘴臉／做嘴脸
* 做臉／做脸
* 做臉兒／做脸儿
* 做鬼臉／做鬼脸 (zuò guǐliǎn)
* 光臉／光脸
* 兜臉／兜脸
* 冰臉／冰脸
* 冷臉子／冷脸子 (lěngliǎnzi)
* 凍凌觜臉／冻凌觜脸
* 凹心臉兒／凹心脸儿
* 刮臉／刮脸 (guāliǎn)
* 刷臉／刷脸 (shuāliǎn)
* 刮臉皮／刮脸皮 (guā liǎnpí)
* 劈臉／劈脸
* 劈頭劈臉／劈头劈脸
* 劈頭蓋臉／劈头盖脸 (pītóugàiliǎn)
* 勻臉／匀脸
* 勾臉／勾脸
* 勾臉譜／勾脸谱
* 卸臉／卸脸 (xièliǎn)
* 厚臉皮／厚脸皮 (hòu liǎnpí)
* 反臉／反脸
* 反臉無情／反脸无情
* 含臉／含脸
* 呆著臉／呆著脸
* 哭喪臉／哭丧脸
* 哭喪著臉／哭丧著脸 (kūsāng zhe liǎn)
* 唱紅白臉／唱红白脸
* 喪著臉／丧著脸
* 嘻皮笑臉 (xīpíxiàoliǎn)
* 嘴臉／嘴脸 (zuǐliǎn)
* 圓臉／圆脸
* 團臉／团脸
* 團頭團臉／团头团脸
* 大團白臉／大团白脸
* 大白臉／大白脸
* 大花臉／大花脸
* 娃娃臉／娃娃脸 (wáwaliǎn)
* 嫩臉／嫩脸
* 嬉皮笑臉／嬉皮笑脸 (xīpíxiàoliǎn)
* 孤拐臉／孤拐脸
* 容長臉／容长脸
* 對臉／对脸
* 小白臉／小白脸 (xiǎobáiliǎn)
* 小臉兒／小脸儿
* 小花臉／小花脸
* 平頭大臉／平头大脸
* 平頭整臉／平头整脸
* 平頭正臉／平头正脸
* 後臉兒／后脸儿
* 得臉／得脸
* 急赤白臉／急赤白脸
* 愁眉苦臉／愁眉苦脸 (chóuméikǔliǎn)
* 慢臉／慢脸
* 戴頭識臉／戴头识脸
* 扁塌臉／扁塌脸
* 打腫臉龐／打肿脸庞
* 打臉子／打脸子
* 打花臉／打花脸
* 扮白臉／扮白脸
* 抓破臉兒／抓破脸儿
* 扯破臉皮／扯破脸皮
* 把臉一板／把脸一板
* 扮鬼臉／扮鬼脸 (bànguǐliǎn)
* 抹下臉／抹下脸
* 拉下臉／拉下脸
* 拐子臉／拐子脸
* 抹臉／抹脸
* 拋臉／抛脸
* 拉長臉／拉长脸
* 拍鬼臉／拍鬼脸
* 挨肩擦臉／挨肩擦脸
* 掉背臉／掉背脸
* 掙臉／挣脸
* 掃臉／扫脸
* 撂下臉來／撂下脸来
* 摔臉子／摔脸子
* 撲克臉／扑克脸 (pūkèliǎn)
* 撕破臉／撕破脸 (sīpòliǎn)
* 撲臉／扑脸
* 撲頭撲臉／扑头扑脸
* 擦臉／擦脸
* 攢眉苦臉／攒眉苦脸
* 放下臉／放下脸
* 放下黑臉／放下黑脸
* 整臉／整脸
* 整臉子／整脸子
* 有臉／有脸
* 有臉面／有脸面
* 有頭有臉／有头有脸 (yǒutóuyǒuliǎn)
* 有頭臉／有头脸
* 杏臉／杏脸
* 杏臉桃腮／杏脸桃腮
* 板著臉／板著脸
* 板起臉／板起脸 (bǎnqǐliǎn)
* 架子花臉／架子花脸
* 桃腮杏臉／桃腮杏脸
* 棗核臉／枣核脸
* 樺皮臉／桦皮脸
* 死不要臉／死不要脸
* 死皮賴臉／死皮赖脸 (sǐpílàiliǎn)
* 死要臉／死要脸
* 沉下臉／沉下脸
* 沒皮沒臉／没皮没脸
* 沒皮賴臉／没皮赖脸
* 沒臉／没脸
* 沒臉面／没脸面
* 沒頭沒臉／没头没脸
* 油頭滑臉／油头滑脸
* 洗臉／洗脸 (xǐliǎn)
* 涎皮賴臉／涎皮赖脸 (xiánpílàiliǎn)
* 涎臉／涎脸
* 涎臉涎皮／涎脸涎皮
* 滿臉／满脸 (mǎnliǎn)
* 滿臉堆笑／满脸堆笑
* 滿臉濺朱／满脸溅朱
* 滿臉花／满脸花
* 滿臉通紅／满脸通红
* 滿臉飛紅／满脸飞红
* 灰頭土臉／灰头土脸 (huītóutǔliǎn)
* 照臉／照脸
* 蒸臉／蒸脸
* 熟臉兒／熟脸儿
* 爭臉／争脸
* 狗血噴臉／狗血喷脸
* 獃著臉／呆著脸
* 瓜子臉／瓜子脸 (guāzǐliǎn)
* 生臉兒／生脸儿
* 甩臉子／甩脸子
* 留臉／留脸
* 留臉面／留脸面
* 白臉／白脸 (báiliǎn)
* 白臉兒／白脸儿
* 皮臉／皮脸
* 皮著臉／皮著脸
* 看臉子／看脸子
* 破了臉／破了脸
* 破臉／破脸
* 磨不開臉／磨不开脸
* 神頭鬼臉／神头鬼脸
* 窮腮乞臉／穷腮乞脸
* 笑臉／笑脸 (xiàoliǎn)
* 笑臉攻勢／笑脸攻势
* 紅臉／红脸
* 紅臉兒漢／红脸儿汉
* 絞臉／绞脸
* 給臉／给脸
* 繃臉／绷脸 (běngliǎn)
* 羞羞臉／羞羞脸
* 翻臉／翻脸 (fānliǎn)
* 老臉／老脸
* 老臉皮／老脸皮
* 老著臉／老著脸
* 老著臉皮／老著脸皮
* 耍臉子／耍脸子
* 腆臉／腆脸
* 腆著臉／腆著脸
* 臉上／脸上
* 臉上無光／脸上无光
* 臉上貼金／脸上贴金
* 臉兒／脸儿 (liǎnr)
* 臉型／脸型 (liǎnxíng)
* 臉大／脸大
* 臉嫩／脸嫩
* 臉子／脸子 (liǎnzi)
* 臉孔／脸孔 (liǎnkǒng)
* 臉巴子／脸巴子 (liǎnbāzi)
* 臉帕／脸帕
* 臉龐／脸庞 (liǎnpáng)
* 臉急／脸急
* 臉慢／脸慢
* 臉欺膩玉／脸欺腻玉
* 臉水／脸水
* 臉波／脸波
* 臉熱／脸热
* 臉白氣噎／脸白气噎
* 臉皮／脸皮 (liǎnpí)
* 臉皮厚／脸皮厚
* 臉皮薄／脸皮薄
* 臉盆／脸盆 (liǎnpén)
* 臉盤兒／脸盘儿 (liǎnpánr)
* 臉硬／脸硬
* 臉紅／脸红 (liǎnhóng)
* 臉紅心跳／脸红心跳
* 臉紅耳赤／脸红耳赤
* 臉紅頭脹／脸红头胀
* 臉腦／脸脑
* 臉膛兒／脸膛儿 (liǎntángr)
* 臉色／脸色 (liǎnsè)
* 臉色有異／脸色有异
* 臉蛋／脸蛋 (liǎndàn)
* 臉譜／脸谱 (liǎnpǔ)
* 臉軟／脸软
* 臉軟心慈／脸软心慈
* 臉道／脸道
* 臉部／脸部 (liǎnbù)
* 臉都綠了／脸都绿了
* 臉酸／脸酸
* 臉面／脸面 (liǎnmiàn)
* 臉面之情／脸面之情
* 臉頰／脸颊 (liǎnjiá)
* 臉頰骨／脸颊骨
* 臉黃皮寡／脸黄皮寡
* 花臉／花脸 (huāliǎn)
* 花臉狼／花脸狼
* 苦瓜臉／苦瓜脸 (kǔguāliǎn)
* 苦著臉／苦著脸
* 落著臉／落著脸
* 蓋臉／盖脸
* 薄臉／薄脸
* 蘋果臉／苹果脸
* 虎臉子／虎脸子
* 蟹殼臉／蟹壳脸
* 衲臉／衲脸
* 裝鬼臉／装鬼脸
* 西眉南臉／西眉南脸
* 要臉／要脸 (yàoliǎn)
* 討沒臉面／讨没脸面
* 訕臉／讪脸
* 變嘴臉／变嘴脸
* 變臉／变脸 (biànliǎn)
* 貓兒洗臉／猫儿洗脸
* 貓兒臉／猫儿脸
* 買臉／买脸
* 賠笑臉／赔笑脸 (péixiàoliǎn)
* 賞臉／赏脸 (shǎngliǎn)
* 賣臉／卖脸
* 轉臉／转脸
* 逞臉／逞脸
* 醜頭怪臉／丑头怪脸
* 長著臉／长著脸
* 門臉／门脸 (ménliǎn)
* 門臉兒／门脸儿
* 開臉／开脸
* 闖開臉兒／闯开脸儿
* 陪笑臉／陪笑脸 (péi xiàoliǎn)
* 陰陽臉／阴阳脸
* 露臉／露脸 (lòuliǎn)
* 青臉獠牙／青脸獠牙
* 靦臉／䩄脸
* 鞋臉／鞋脸
* 頇臉／顸脸
* 頭臉／头脸
* 顧臉／顾脸
* 馬起臉／马起脸
* 驢臉／驴脸
* 骨查臉／骨查脸
* 高揚臉兒／高扬脸儿
* 鬼臉／鬼脸 (guǐliǎn)
* 鬼臉青／鬼脸青
* 鴨蛋臉／鸭蛋脸
* 鴨蛋臉兒／鸭蛋脸儿
* 鵝蛋臉兒／鹅蛋脸儿
* 麻胡著臉／麻胡著脸
* 麻臉／麻脸 (máliǎn)
* 黃臉婆／黄脸婆 (huángliǎnpó)
* 黑臉／黑脸 (hēiliǎn)
* 黑臉兒／黑脸儿
* 黑臉董嘴／黑脸董嘴
* 鼻青臉腫／鼻青脸肿 (bíqīngliǎnzhǒng)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiān (qian$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cim$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cian
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^1$
*** Yale: chyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
*** Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cim$^1$
*** Yale: chīm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsim$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːm⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tshjem
Rime :
| Character | 臉 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 七廉切 |
| Baxter | tshjem |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰiᴇm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰiɛm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰjæm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰiam/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰiɛm/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰĭɛm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰi̯ɛm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cim$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*skʰlam/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 臉 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 10203 |
| Phonetic component | 僉 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 籤 |
| Old Chinese | /*skʰlam/ |

#### Definitions

臉
* (obsolete) meat soup

#### Compounds

* 臉䑎／脸䑎

### References

* “臉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* cheek
* face

#### Readings

* Go-on: けん (ken)、せん (sen)、れん (ren)
* Kan-on: けん (ken)、せん (sen)、らん (ran)
* Kan’yō-on: れん (ren)
* Kun: まぶた (mabuta, 臉)

## Korean
### Hanja

臉 (eumhun 뺨 검 (ppyam geom))
* cheek
* face

## Vietnamese
### Han character

臉: Hán Nôm readings: kiểm, quặm, liển, liễn, liễm, kiễm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.