# 桓

| 桓 | U+6853, &#26707; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6853 |
| ← 桒 [U+6852] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 桔 → [U+6854] |

## Translingual
### Han character

桓 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木一日一 (DMAM), four-corner 4191$_6$, composition ⿰木亘)

#### Derived characters

* 𦶙, 𭗁, 𨕹

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 526, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14774
* Dae Jaweon: page 915, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1195, character 6
* Unihan data for U+6853

## Chinese

* 桓姓 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Hoân (bo̍k-kèng) (Southern Min)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 桓 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 烜 | *qʰrolʔ, *qʰonʔ |
| 貆 | *qʰoːn, *ɡoːn, *qʰon |
| 峘 | *ɡoːn, *ɡɯːŋ |
| 狟 | *ɡoːn |
| 絙 | *ɡoːn, *kɯːŋ |
| 荁 | *ɡoːn |
| 宣 | *sqʰon |
| 咺 | *qʰonʔ |
| 暅 | *qʰonʔ |
| 桓 | *ɡʷaːn |
| 洹 | *ɡʷaːn, *ɢʷan |
| 揎 | *sqʰʷan |
| 愃 | *sqʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ |
| 瑄 | *sqʰʷan |
| 渲 | *sqʰʷans |
| 喧 | *qʰʷan |
| 萱 | *qʰʷan |
| 暄 | *qʰʷan |
| 諠 | *qʰʷan |
| 翧 | *qʰʷan |
| 蝖 | *qʰʷan |
| 垣 | *ɢʷan |
| 楦 | *qʰʷans |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːn) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 亘

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huán (huan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wun$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): huang$^2$ / huong$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^5$ / huêng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huán
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huán
*** Wade–Giles: huan$^2$
*** Yale: hwán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwan
*** Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯än³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wun$^4$
*** Yale: wùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wun$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuːn²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: huang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: huong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /huoŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoân
*** Tâi-lô: huân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoaan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /huan²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /huan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^5$ / huêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng / huêng
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ⁵⁵/, /hueŋ⁵⁵/
* huang5 - Shantou;
* huêng5 - Chaozhou.
* Middle Chinese: hwan
Rime :
| Character | 桓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡官切 |
| Baxter | hwan |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwan/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤar/, /*ɦʷˤar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 桓 | 桓 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huán | huán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwan › | ‹ hwan › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷˁar/ | /*ɦʷˁar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˁar) |
| English | pillar; martial-looking | 烏桓 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 桓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14004 |
| Phonetic component | 亘 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 桓 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷaːn/ |

### Definitions

桓
* Chinese soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi)
* (obsolete) pillar used as a signpost
* mighty; martial; large
* Used in 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán).
* a surname

### Compounds

* 三桓
* 桓文
* 桓桓
* 桓殷危語
* 桓表
* 槃桓 (pánhuán)
* 漢桓帝／汉桓帝
* 烏桓／乌桓 (Wūhuán)
* 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán)
* 盤桓髻／盘桓髻
* 磐桓 (pánhuán)
* 般桓
* 釋提桓因／释提桓因 (Shìtíhuányīn)
* 齊桓公／齐桓公

### References

* “桓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “桓”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 93.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: がん (gan)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)

## Korean
### Hanja

桓 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

桓: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.