# 空洞
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kōngdòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^1$ dung$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khong-tōng / khang-tōng / khong-tǒng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kong$^1$ tong$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kōngdòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kongdòng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^1$-tung$^4$
*** Yale: kūng-dùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kongdonq
*** Palladius: кундун (kundun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^1$ dung$^6$
*** Yale: hūng duhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^1$ dung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^1$ dung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khong-tōng
*** Tâi-lô: khong-tōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qongdong
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ³³ tɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khang-tōng
*** Tâi-lô: khang-tōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qangdong
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khong-tǒng
*** Tâi-lô: khong-tǒng
*** IPA (Longyan): /kʰoŋ³³⁴ toŋ⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kong$^1$ tong$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khong thông
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰoŋ³³⁻²³ tʰoŋ⁵⁵/

### Noun

空洞
* cavity; hole; void

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 孔, 洞, 穴 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 孔, 洞, 孔洞, 空洞, 空穴, 窿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 窟窿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 洞 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 窟窿 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 窟窿 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 窟窿 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 窟窿子, 窟窿 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 窟窿, 洞洞, 洞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 窟窿, 窟眼, 洞洞, 洞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 窿 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 窟窿 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 洞, 窟窿 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 窟窿, 洞 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 窿, 咕窿 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 窿, 咕窿 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 孔 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 窿 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 窿 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 窿 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 洞 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 窿仔, 窿空仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 空 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 空 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 空 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 空 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 空 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 空 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 窟窿, 窟子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 川 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 空空 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 空, 空口 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 空 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 空口 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 空 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 空 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 空 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 空 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 空 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 空 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 空, 洞 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 空 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 空 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 空 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 窿 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 洞 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 洞, 窟, 窟窿 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 窟窿 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 洞, 洞子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 眼貢, 洞 |

### Adjective

空洞
* hollow; empty
* abstract; vacuous; hollow; shallow

#### Synonyms

* (hollow): 空虛／空虚 (kōngxū)
* (abstract): 抽象 (chōuxiàng)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “abstract”): 具體／具体 (jùtǐ)

#### Derived terms

* 空空洞洞
* 防空洞 (fángkōngdòng)

### References

* 郭启熹 [Guo, Qixi], editor (2016), “空洞”, in 龙岩方言词典 LONGYAN FANGYAN CIDIAN [Dictionary of Longyan dialect] (overall work in Min Nan and Mandarin), Xiamen: 鷺江出版社 [Lujiang Publishing House], →ISBN, page 487.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 空 | 洞 |
| くう Grade: 1 | どう Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɯ̟ːdo̞ː]

### Noun

空(くう)洞(どう) • (kūdō)
* a hollow
** 1924, 小川未明, 赤い船のお客:
    笛(ふえ)の中(なか)は、ただ一本(いっぽん)の空洞(くうどう)の竹(たけ)にしかすぎませんでした。
       Fue no naka wa, tada ippon no kūdō no take ni shika sugimasen deshita.
       The inside of the flute was nothing more than the hollow of a piece of bamboo.
* cave