# 菩提薩埵
## Chinese

| | | bodhi; bodhi tree | sentient beings, living things; bodhisattva |
| trad. (菩提薩埵) | trad. (菩提薩埵) | 菩提 | 薩埵 |
| simp. (菩提萨埵) | simp. (菩提萨埵) | 菩提 | 萨埵 |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva, “enlightened existence”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pútísàduǒ
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄧˊ ㄙㄚˋ ㄉㄨㄛˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pútísàduǒ
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄧˊ ㄙㄚˋ ㄉㄨㄛˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pútísàduǒ
*** Wade–Giles: pʻu$^2$-tʻi$^2$-sa$^4$-to$^3$
*** Yale: pú-tí-sà-dwǒ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwutyisahduoo
*** Palladius: путисадо (putisado)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵ sä⁵¹ tu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Middle Chinese: bu dej sat twaX
Rime :
| Character | 菩 | 提 | 薩 | 埵 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 定 (7) | 心 (16) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 齊 (39) | 曷 (63) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | IV | I | I |
| Fanqie | 薄胡切 | 杜奚切 | 桑割切 | 丁果切 |
| Baxter | bu | dej | sat | twaX |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /buo/ | /dei/ | /sɑt̚/ | /tuɑ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /buo/ | /dei/ | /sɑt̚/ | /tuɑ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bo/ | /dɛi/ | /sɑt̚/ | /tuɑ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bɔ/ | /dɛj/ | /sat̚/ | /twa$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /bo/ | /dei/ | /sɑt̚/ | /tuɑ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /bu/ | /diei/ | /sɑt̚/ | /tuɑ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱuo/ | /dʱiei/ | /sɑt̚/ | /tuɑ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pú | tí | sa | duǒ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pou$^4$ | tai$^4$ | saat$^3$ | do$^2$ |

### Noun

菩提薩埵
* (Buddhism) bodhisattva
    From: 7th century, Xuanzang (translator), Prajnaparamita Heart Sutra; Translation from: Red Pine (2008) The Platform Sutra: The Zen Teaching of Hui-Neng, Counterpoint Press, →ISBN, page 149.
    Pútísàduǒ yī bōrě bōluómìduō gù, xīn wú guà'ài. [Pinyin]
    Bodhisattvas take refuge in Prajnaparamita, and their minds are without obstruction.

#### Synonyms

* 摩訶薩埵／摩诃萨埵 (móhēsàduǒ)
* (short form) 菩薩／菩萨 (púsà)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 菩(ぼ)提(だい)薩埵(さった) (bodai-satta)
* → Korean: 보리살타(菩提薩埵) (borisalta)
* → Vietnamese: bồ đề tát đỏa (菩提薩埵)

#### See also

* 菩提 (pútí)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 菩 | 提 | 薩 | 埵 |
| ぼ Jinmeiyō | だい Grade: 5 | さち > さっ Jinmeiyō | た Hyōgai |
| kan'yōon | goon | goon | kan'on |

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 菩提薩埵 (MC bu dej sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva, “enlightened existence”).
Equivalent to 菩提 (bodai, “bodhi, enlightenment”) +‎ 薩埵 (satta, “being”).

### Noun

菩(ぼ)提(だい)薩(さっ)埵(た) • (bodai-satta)
* (Buddhism) a bodhisattva
** 7th century, Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)
    …無(む)智(ち)亦(やく)無(む)得(とく)。以無(いむ)所(しょ)得(とく)故(こ)。菩(ぼ)提(だい)薩(さっ)埵(た)。依(え)般若(はんにゃ)波羅(はら)蜜多(みった)故(こ)。心(しん)無(む)罣(けい)礙(げ)。無(む)罣(けい)礙故(げこ)。無有(むう)恐怖(くふ)。
       …mu chi yaku mu toku, i mu shotoku ko. Bodai-satta, e hannya haramitta ko, shin mu keige, mu keige ko, mu u kufu.
       …there is no knowledge and attainment because there is nothing to attain. The Bodhisattva rests in the wisdom that has been perfected. Because his heart is free of attachments, he has no fear.
    Synonym: 菩薩 (bosatsu)

#### See also

* 開(かい)士(し) (kaishi)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Mark Hosak, Walter Luebeck (2006) The Big Book of Reiki Symbols: The Spiritual Transition of Symbols and Mantras of the Usui System of Natural Healing, illustrated edition, Lotus Press, →ISBN, page 304