# gaudium
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* gau (pre-Classical, poetic)
* gaudius (post-classical)

### Etymology

From gaudeō +‎ -ium.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈɡau̯.di.um/, [ˈɡäu̯d̪iʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈɡau̯.di.um/, [ˈɡäːu̯d̪ium]

### Noun

gaudium n (genitive gaudiī or gaudī); second declension
* joy, delight
    Synonyms: dēlicium, dēlectātiō, voluptās, laetitia, frūctus, alacritās
    Antonyms: maeror, maestitia, aegritūdō, lūctus, trīstitia, trīstitūdō, tristitās, dēsīderium

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | gaudium | gaudia |
| Genitive | gaudiī gaudī$^1$ | gaudiōrum |
| Dative | gaudiō | gaudiīs |
| Accusative | gaudium | gaudia |
| Ablative | gaudiō | gaudiīs |
| Vocative | gaudium | gaudia |
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Derived terms

* gaudiālis
* gaudibundus
* gaudimōnium
* gaudivigēns

#### Related terms

* gaudēns
* gaudeō
* gāvīsus

#### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Corsican: goju
** Italian: godio (Tuscan)
** Neapolitan: gautšə (Cerignola)
** Old Sicilian: gauju
*** Sicilian: gàuju (Calabria), javiu (Eastern Sicily)
* Padanian:
** Old Ligurian: gozo, goyo (Genova)
** Old Lombard: gouço
** Old Piedmontese: goy, goz (Asti)
*** Piedmontese: gòi
** Romagnol: gogio
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Bourguignon: zouaie
** Champenois: joë
** Franc-Comtois: djôe
** Franco-Provençal: dzeuya, jouè, joei
** Lorrain: žūy, žōy, djôye, džọ̄y, djoûe
** Norman: joué (St. Saire), jouaie (Jersey), goée (Les Andelys)
** Old French: joi, joie (see there for further descendants)
** Old Picard: goie
** Poitevin-Saintongeais: jeu (Poitou), jouée (Saintonge)
** Walloon: djôye
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Aragonese: goyo, goi
** Catalan: goig, goi (northwestern)
** Old Occitan: gaug, gauch
*** Gascon: gai, gòi
*** Languedocien: gaug
*** Limousin: jai
*** → Old Catalan: gaug, gauig
* Ibero-Romance
** Old Galician-Portuguese: goyo, goyvo, *gouço (Old Galician)
*** Portuguese: goivo
** Old Spanish: goço, gozo, gaudio
*** Spanish: gozo, gaudio
*** → Galician: gozo
*** → Portuguese: gozo
*** → Sardinian: gosu
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: gaju (Nuorese)
* Ancient borrowings:
** → Albanian: gaz, gëzim
* Learned borrowings:
** → English: gaudy
** → Friulian: gaudie
** → German: Gaudium
** → Italian: gaudio
** → Old French: gaudie (from Medieval Latin gaudia)
*** → Middle English: gaude, gauid
**** English: gaud
*** → Middle English: gaudi, gaudy, gaudee
**** English: gaudy
**** Yola: gaudés (plural)
** → Portuguese: gáudio

### References

* Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “gozo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume III (G–Ma), Gredos, →ISBN, page 185
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “gaudium”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 4: G H I, page 80
* ↑ “gaug” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

### Further reading

* “gaudium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “gaudium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* gaudium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to weep for joy: gaudio lacrimare to give pleasure to some one: afficere aliquem gaudio, laetitia to be filled with delight: gaudio perfundi to add the crowning point to a person's joy: cumulum gaudii alicui afferre (vid. sect. V. 6) (Fam. 16. 21. 1) to utter cries of joy: gaudio, laetitia exsultare to be beside oneself with joy: gaudio, laetitia efferri to almost lose one's reason from excess of joy: nimio gaudio paene desipere