# 薨

| 薨 | U+85A8, &#34216; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-85A8 |
| ← 薧 [U+85A7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 薩 → [U+85A9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

薨 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+13, 19 strokes, cangjie input 廿田中心 (TWLP), four-corner 4421$_1$, composition ⿱⿳卝罒冖死 or ⿳𦭝冖死)

#### Derived characters

* 𠐿, 𤃫, 𥍇, 𩙛, 𩖎, 𪈘

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1062, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32147
* Dae Jaweon: page 1526, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3302, character 3
* Unihan data for U+85A8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蘉 | *maːŋ |
| 瞢 | *mɯːŋ, *mɯŋ, *mɯŋs |
| 懜 | *mɯːŋs, *mɯːŋ, *mɯŋ |
| 懵 | *mɯːŋs, *mɯːŋʔ |
| 甍 | *mrɯːŋ |
| 薨 | *hmɯːŋ |
| 夢 | *mɯŋ, *mɯŋs |
| 鄸 | *mɯŋs |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hōng (hong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwang$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hong / eng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hong
*** Wade–Giles: hung$^1$
*** Yale: hūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hong
*** Palladius: хун (xun)
*** Sinological IPA : /xʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwang$^1$
*** Yale: gwāng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwang$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gueng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong
*** Tâi-lô: hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hofng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: dated in Xiamen, dated in Zhangzhou, dated in Quanzhou, dated in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: eng
*** Tâi-lô: ing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: efng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: xwong
Rime :
| Character | 薨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 登 (130) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 呼肱切 |
| Baxter | xwong |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hwəŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hʷəŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xuəŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwəŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /xuəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /xuəŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xwəŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fang$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤəŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hmɯːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 薨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xwong › |
| Old Chinese | /*m̥ˁəŋ/ |
| English | to die (of king or prince) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 薨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8992 |
| Phonetic component | 夢 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 薨 |
| Old Chinese | /*hmɯːŋ/ |

### Definitions

薨
* (archaic, of feudal lords or high officials) to pass away; to die
       From: 查繼佐, 《東山國語》, 臺灣前語
       Huì Yánpíngwáng Chénggōng hōng, zhǎngzǐ Jīng sìlì, Táiwān chū chēng Dōngdū, gǎi Míngjīng yǐ hòu Guìwáng zhī bì. [Pinyin]
       When Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong) passed away, his eldest son Jing succeeded to the throne. Taiwan was initially named Dongdu [The Eastern Capital], then changed to Mingjing [Capital of the Ming Dynasty] to await the arrival of the Prince of Gui.
* (onomatopoeia) swarming; flocking; noisy
       From: circa 11th century BCE — 7th century BCE, The Classic of Poetry. The translation here emphasises the onomatopoeic nature of the ideophonic reduplications.
       Zhōngsī yǔ, hōnghōng xī! Yí ěr zǐsūn, shéngshéng xī! [Pinyin]
       Grasshoppers on the wing — Your racket goes hmoong-hmoong! No wonder your children — They are all like, bleng-bleng!

#### Synonyms

* (to pass away):
* 下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
* 上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
* 上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
* 不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
* 不幸 (bùxìng) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
* 不祿／不禄 (bùlù) (archaic, euphemistic, of military officers)
* 亡
* 亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
* 仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
* 仙遊／仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
* 作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
* 做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
* 傾世／倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
* 傾亡／倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
* 入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
* 凋謝／凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age)
* 化去 (huàqù) (euphemistic)
* 升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
* 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
* 去世 (qùshì)
* 合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic)
* 喪亡／丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary)
* 喪命／丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic)
* 喪生／丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
* 嗚呼／呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic)
* 嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, derogatory)
* 嚥氣／咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial)
* 回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous)
* 圓寂／圆寂 (yuánjì) (of Buddhist monks or nuns)
* 壽終正寢／寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (euphemistic)
* 失氣／失气 (shīqì) (literary)
* 安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
* 安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
* 小喇叭兒吹了／小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing Mandarin)
* 就義／就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr)
* 崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 彈老三／弹老三 (Northern Wu, informal, humorous)
* 往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic)
* 忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
* 掛／挂 (guà) (slang, humorous)
* 故 (gù)
* 故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
* 故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
* 斃命／毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
* 早死 (zǎosǐ)
* 晏駕／晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative)
* 棄世／弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
* 歸天／归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
* 歸西／归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)
* 歸道山／归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
* 死 (sǐ)
* 死亡 (sǐwáng) (formal)
* 死人 (sǐrén)
* 死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
* 死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
* 死翹翹／死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)
* 死脫／死脱 ($^5$shi-theq) (Wu)
* 殞／殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
* 氣絕／气绝 (qìjué) (literary)
* 永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
* 沒世／没世 (mòshì) (literary)
* 沉眠 (chénmián) (euphemistic)
* 消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
* 物化 (wùhuà) (literary)
* 畢命／毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic)
* 病亡 (bìngwáng) (to die of illness)
* 病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness)
* 病死 (bìngsǐ) (to die of illness)
* 病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness)
* 百年歸老／百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
* 盡命／尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic)
* 終／终 (zhōng) (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic)
* 絕／绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
* 翹辮子／翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
* 老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
* 蒙主寵召／蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào) (euphemistic)
* 薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
* 被難／被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.)
* 見背／见背 (jiànbèi) (literary, of one's parents or elders)
* 見閻王／见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative)
* 謝世／谢世 (xièshì) (literary)
* 賓天／宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 走 (zǒu) (euphemistic)
* 走去踮 (Hokkien, euphemistic)
* 身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes)
* 辭世／辞世 (císhì) (literary)
* 辭塵／辞尘 (cíchén) (literary, euphemistic)
* 逝世 (shìshì)
* 進棺材／进棺材 (jìn guāncái)
* 過世／过世 (guòshì)
* 過去／过去 (guòqù) (euphemistic)
* 過往／过往 (Hokkien, euphemistic, Teochew, euphemistic)
* 過身／过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
* 過面／过面 (Hokkien)
* 長山賣鴨卵／长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
* 長眠／长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
* 閉眼／闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic)
* 隕落／陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic)
* 離世／离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
* 駕崩／驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 駕鶴西去／驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic)
* 駕鶴西遊／驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic)
* 龍馭上賓／龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)

#### Compounds

* 薨薨 (hōnghōng)
* 薨逝 (hōngshì)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): こう (kō)
* Kun: みまかる (mimakaru, 薨る)

## Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Hanja

薨 (eumhun 죽을 훙 (jugeul hung))
* (obsolete) hanja form of 훙 (“(of feudal lords or high officials) to pass away; to die”)

### Etymology 2
#### Hanja

薨 (eumhun 많을 횡 (maneul hoeng))
* (obsolete) hanja form of 횡 (“(onomatopoeia) swarming; flocking; noisy”)