# 朽

| 朽 | U+673D, &#26429; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-673D |
| ← 朼 [U+673C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 朾 → [U+673E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

朽 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 木一女尸 (DMVS), four-corner 4192$_7$, composition ⿰木丂)

#### Derived characters

* 𪳋

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 510, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14439
* Dae Jaweon: page 894, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1153, character 4
* Unihan data for U+673D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 丂 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 攷 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 考 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 烤 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 拷 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 栲 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 洘 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 銬 | *kʰluːs |
| 巧 | *kʰruːʔ, *kʰruːs |
| 朽 | *qʰluʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰluʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 丂 (OC *kʰluːʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiǔ (xiu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jau$^2$ / nau$^2$ / nau$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hiú
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hiu$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hiū
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hiu$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hiú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hiun$^2$ / hiu$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$shieu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǒu
*** Wade–Giles: hsiu$^3$
*** Yale: syǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheou
*** Palladius: сю (sju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^2$ / nau$^2$ / nau$^5$
*** Yale: yáu / náu / náuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^2$ / nau$^2$ / nau$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^2$ / neo$^2$ / neo$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯³⁵/, /nɐu̯³⁵/, /nɐu̯¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiú
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hiu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯u³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hiu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /hiu³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hiū
*** Sinological IPA : /hieu³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hiu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiu⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hiu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiu³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiú
*** Tâi-lô: hiú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiuo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiu⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiu⁵⁵⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hiun$^2$ / hiu$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiúⁿ / hiú
*** Sinological IPA : /hĩũ⁵²/, /hiu⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$shieu
*** MiniDict: shieu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$xieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɤ³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: xjuwX
Rime :
| Character | 朽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許久切 |
| Baxter | xjuwX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hiu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /huw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /xiu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭəu$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xi̯ə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jau$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰ(r)uʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰluʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 朽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰ(r)uʔ/ |
| English | rot, decay |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 朽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7412 |
| Phonetic component | 丂 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 朽 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰluʔ/ |

### Definitions

朽
* decayed; rotten; decrepit
* to rot; to decay

### Compounds

* 三不朽
* 不朽 (bùxiǔ)
* 並垂不朽／并垂不朽
* 九朽一罷／九朽一罢
* 名傳不朽／名传不朽
* 名垂不朽
* 奔車朽索／奔车朽索
* 年朽
* 戶樞不朽／户枢不朽
* 拉朽
* 拉朽摧枯
* 摧枯拉朽 (cuīkū lāxiǔ)
* 木朽不雕
* 朽壞／朽坏 (xiǔhuài)
* 朽壤
* 朽敗／朽败 (xiǔbài)
* 朽木 (xiǔmù)
* 朽木不雕
* 朽木之才
* 朽木死灰
* 朽木糞土／朽木粪土
* 朽木糞牆／朽木粪墙 (xiǔmùfènqiáng)
* 朽木蟲／朽木虫
* 朽株枯木
* 朽棘不彫／朽棘不雕
* 朽爛／朽烂 (xiǔlàn)
* 朽蠹
* 朽邁／朽迈
* 枯木朽株
* 枯朽 (kūxiǔ)
* 枯莖朽骨／枯茎朽骨 (kūjīngxiǔgǔ)
* 根朽枝枯
* 樗朽之材
* 死且不朽
* 死而不朽
* 歿而不朽／殁而不朽
* 歿而無朽／殁而无朽
* 永傳不朽／永传不朽
* 永垂不朽 (yǒngchuíbùxiǔ)
* 永存不朽
* 沒而不朽／没而不朽
* 生枯起朽
* 粟紅貫朽／粟红贯朽
* 粟陳貫朽／粟陈贯朽
* 紅腐貫朽／红腐贯朽
* 老朽 (lǎoxiǔ)
* 老朽無用／老朽无用
* 腐朽 (fǔxiǔ)
* 薄田朽屋
* 衰朽 (shuāixiǔ)
* 貫朽／贯朽
* 貫朽粟紅／贯朽粟红
* 貫朽粟腐／贯朽粟腐
* 貫朽粟陳／贯朽粟陈
* 鏤冰雕朽／镂冰雕朽

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “朽”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 267.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* decay

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)
* Kun: くちる (kuchiru, 朽ちる, Jōyō)

## Korean
### Hanja

朽 (eum 후 (hu))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

朽: Hán Nôm readings: hủ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.