# 睪

| 睪 | U+776A, &#30570; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-776A |
| ← 睩 [U+7769] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 睫 → [U+776B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

睪 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 田中土廿十 (WLGTJ), four-corner 2640$_1$, composition ⿱罒幸)

#### Derived characters

* 凙(𪞝/𪞚), 㘁, 墿(𰉣/㘮), 嶧(峄/𡵸), 懌(怿/𢗜), 擇(择/択), 曎, 檡(𰗛/𣏧), 殬, 澤(泽/沢), 燡(𰞇), 䁺, 礋(𰦰), 䆁, 繹(绎/䋇), 䐾, 蠌(𰲵/蚇), 襗(𫋷), 譯(译/訳), 醳(𰼅), 釋(释/釈), 鐸(铎/鈬), 䭞(𬲳), 驛(驿/駅), 斁(𭣧), 歝, 鸅(𱉟), 䦴, 圛, 䕉
* 𤢟(𤝢), 𪼢, 𥜃, 𥼶(𬖘), 𦔥, 𦡇, 𨆅(𬦫), 𨼸, 𩍜, 𩏪(𩏽), 𩼓, 𠓋, 𤑹(𪹀), 𩴮, 𣀇, 𤢕, 𦒡, 𩁇, 𫅌, 𠪯, 𢋇, 𤻂, 𢍰(𪪴)

#### Related characters

* 睾 (Preferred form used for the pronunciation "gāo" in mainland China and Hong Kong)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 811, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23466
* Dae Jaweon: page 1226, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2918, character 6
* Unihan data for U+776A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 睪 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 斁 | *ʔl'aːɡs, *l'aːɡs, *laːɡ |
| 籜 | *l̥ʰaːɡ |
| 蘀 | *l̥ʰaːɡ |
| 鐸 | *l'aːɡ |
| 凙 | *l'aːɡ |
| 襗 | *l'aːɡ, *rlaːɡ, *laːɡ |
| 擇 | *rlaːɡ |
| 澤 | *rlaːɡ |
| 鸅 | *rlaːɡ |
| 蠌 | *rlaːɡ |
| 檡 | *rlaːɡ, *hljaɡ |
| 釋 | *hljaɡ |
| 繹 | *laːɡ |
| 睪 | *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː |
| 譯 | *laːɡ |
| 嶧 | *laːɡ |
| 懌 | *laːɡ |
| 驛 | *laːɡ |
| 醳 | *laːɡ |
| 圛 | *laːɡ |
| 墿 | *laːɡ |
| 燡 | *laːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + 㚔. The latter component is an arrow, hence "eye" + "arrow" convey the concept of "aiming, spying".
According to folk etymology, the component at the bottom is the representation of a pair of handcuffs (which instead appears in 報 and 執).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yì (yi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jik$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): e̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yì
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yì
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$
*** Yale: yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jik$^6$
*** Yale: yihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
*** Tâi-lô: i̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ek
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: yek, nrjep
Rime :
| Character | 睪 | 睪 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 昔 (123) | 葉 (156) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 羊益切 | 尼輒切 |
| Baxter | yek | nrjep |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇk̚/ | /ɳˠiᴇp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛk̚/ | /ɳᵚiɛp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iæk̚/ | /niæp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiajk̚/ | /ɳjiap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛk̚/ | /njɛp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛk̚/ | /nĭɛp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯ɛk̚/ | /ni̯ɛp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yì | niè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jik$^6$ | nip$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*laːɡ/, /*neb/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 睪 | 睪 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/3 |
| No. | 15137 | 13887 |
| Phonetic component | 睪 | 幸 |
| Rime group | 鐸 | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 繹 | 聶 |
| Old Chinese | /*laːɡ/ | /*neb/ |

#### Definitions

睪
* to spy on
* a surname

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gāo, gǎo (gao$^1$, gao$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ, ㄍㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gou$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kâu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gau$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gŏ̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ko / ko͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gao$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gao
*** Wade–Giles: kao$^1$
*** Yale: gāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gau
*** Palladius: гао (gao)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǎo
*** Wade–Giles: kao$^3$
*** Yale: gǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gao
*** Palladius: гао (gao)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gou$^1$
*** Yale: gōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kou̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâu
*** Hakka Romanization System: gau$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kau̯²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kau⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gŏ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /ko⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko
*** Tâi-lô: ko
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koy
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ko⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘
*** Tâi-lô: koo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kof
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gao$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kau
*** Sinological IPA : /kau³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kau
*** MiniDict: kau$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɔ⁵³/

#### Definitions

睪
* testicle

##### Usage notes

* In mainland China and Hong Kong, 睾 is the orthodox form.
* In Taiwan, 睪 is the orthodox form while 睾 is considered as one of its variant forms (異體字／异体字 (yìtǐzì)).

#### Compounds

* 副睪／副睾
* 副睪丸／副睾丸
* 提睪肌／提睾肌 (tígāojī)
* 睪丸／睾丸
* 睪固酮／睾固酮
* 睪酮／睾酮 (gāotóng)
* 附睪／附睾 (fùgāo)
* 隱睪／隐睾 (yǐngāo)
* 隱睪症／隐睾症 (yǐngāozhèng)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gāo (gao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gao
*** Wade–Giles: kao$^1$
*** Yale: gāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gau
*** Palladius: гао (gao)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kuː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 睪 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 3784 |
| Phonetic component | 皋 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 髙 |
| Old Chinese | /*kuː/ |
| Notes | 皐字注俗體，見靈樞 |

#### Definitions

睪
* Alternative form of 皋 (gāo, “tall; high”)

#### Compounds

* 睪如／𠬤如
* 睪然／𠬤然

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gāo, hào (gao$^1$, hao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ, ㄏㄠˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gao
*** Wade–Giles: kao$^1$
*** Yale: gāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gau
*** Palladius: гао (gao)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hào
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hào
*** Wade–Giles: hao$^4$
*** Yale: hàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haw
*** Palladius: хао (xao)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

#### Definitions

睪
* Alternative form of 皞 (hào, “vast and boundless”)

#### Compounds

* 睪睪／𠬤𠬤

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zé (ze$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaak$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zé
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zé
*** Wade–Giles: tsê$^2$
*** Yale: dzé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzer
*** Palladius: цзэ (czɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaak$^6$
*** Yale: jaahk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaak$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zag$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːk̚²/

#### Definitions

睪
* Alternative form of 澤／泽 (zé, “Eupatorium”)
    See also: 澤蘭

#### Compounds

* 睪芷／𠬤芷
* 睪茝／𠬤茝

### Etymology 6

* For pronunciation and definitions of 睪 – see 擇 (“to select; to choose; to pick out; to pick up”). (This character is a variant form of 擇).

### References

* “睪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02784

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): えき (eki)、やく (yaku)、じょう (jō)、にょう (nyō)
* Kun: うかがいめる (ukagaimeru)

## Korean
### Hanja

睪 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.