# kamel
## Danish
### Etymology

From late Old Norse kamell, from Latin camelus, from Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos, “camel”).

### Noun

kamel c (singular definite kamelen, plural indefinite kameler)
* camel

#### Inflection
## Kashubian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Kamel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.mɛl/
* Rhymes: -amɛl
* Syllabification: ka‧mel

### Noun

kamel m animal (female equivalent kamelka)
* camel (mammal of the genus Camelus)
    Synonym: wielbłąd

### References

* Jan Trepczyk (1994) “wielbłąd”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “wielbłąd”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎

## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

From German Kamel, from Latin camēlus, from Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos), from Proto-Semitic *gamal-; compare Arabic جَمَل (jamal) and Hebrew גמל (gamál).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈmɛl/

### Noun

kamel m anim (feminine kamelka)
* camel (beast of burden)

#### Declension
### References

* Lower Sorbian vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

## Mapudungun
### Adverb

kamel (Raguileo spelling)
* last year

## Middle English
### Noun

kamel
* Alternative form of camel

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos), via Old Norse kamell.

### Noun

kamel m (definite singular kamelen, indefinite plural kameler, definite plural kamelene)
* a camel (in particular the Bactrian camel, Camelus bactrianus)

#### Related terms

* dromedar

### References

* “kamel” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos), via Old Norse kamell.

### Noun

kamel m (definite singular kamelen, indefinite plural kamelar, definite plural kamelane)
* a camel (as Norwegian Bokmål above)

#### Related terms

* dromedar

### References

* “kamel” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin camēlus. First attested in 1471.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /kamɛlʲ/
* IPA: (15th CE) /kamɛlʲ/

### Noun

kamel m animacy unattested
* camel (mammal)
    Synonym: wielbłąd
** 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 96:Rozmnozenye camelow inundacio camelorum (inundatio camelorum operiet te Is 60, 6)[Rozmnożenie kamelow inundacio camelorum (inundatio camelorum operiet te Is 60, 6)]

#### Descendants

* Polish: kamel

### References

* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “kamel”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish kamel, from Latin camēlus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.mɛl/
* Rhymes: -amɛl
* Syllabification: ka‧mel

### Noun

kamel m animal
* (rare, regional or obsolete) Synonym of wielbłąd (“camel”)
** 1855, “Turcya”, in Czas‎, page 3:Zaspy piaszczyste, przez które wielkie okręty, jedynie rozbrojone i na kamelach (na podłożonych pod nie tratwach drzewa) przesunąć się mogą, […] .Sanddrifts that large ships, only disarmbed and on camels (on the tree's rafts placed under them), can't pass through, further.
** 1928, Tygodnik na Powiat Tarnogórski : z dodatkiem "Orędownik Powiatowy" : pismo poświęcone sprawom lokalnym‎, volume 6, number 70, page 2:W niedzielę zakończa Sarrasani swe przedstawienia w Zabrzu i w przeciągu poniedziałku dopołudnia przewiezą auto 56 lwów, 14 tygrysów, lwów morskich, leopardów hipopetama, niedźwiedzi itp. zaś osobne pociągi 22 słoniami, 200 końmi, kamelami, cebrami, bawołami, buhajami dostajni w Bytomiu.On Sunday, Sarrasani ends his performances in Zabrze and during Monday morning they will transport 56 lions, 14 tigers, sea lions, hippo leopards, bears, etc., and separate trains with 22 elephants, 200 horses, camels, zebras, buffaloes, with bulls in Bytom.
** 1937, Gazeta Olsztyńska‎, page 3:Moje druchny egipskie zaproszały ma żebym wstąpsiuł do nich jek banda w Kairze to ma zaziozó na kamelach do piramidów łoglądać mumie egipskie.My Egyptian lady friends were inviting me to join their group in Cairo on camels to the pyramids to look at Egyptian mummies.
** 2007, Bogdan Dzierżawa, “Starzikowo chojinka”, in Tygodnik Rybnicki‎, ul. Zborowa 4, 47-400 Racibórz, Poland: Wydawnictwo Nowiny Sp. z o.o., →ISSN:Posadziył Jorgusia na kamela, kero ruszyła z kopyta, a starzik godo: – Widzisz tam daleko, kaj sie te chałupy biylom, tam jadymy, bo dzisioj sie tam mały Jezusek narodziył.He sat Jorguś down on the camel, which Chadra moved from its hooves, and the old man says: -Do you see far out there, where those huts shine white, that's where we're going, because today little Jesus was born there.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “kamel”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 213

## Romani
### Etymology

Three etymologies have been proposed:
* Inherited from Sanskrit काम (kāma, “love, desire”).
* Borrowed from Middle Persian [script needed] (kām-am).
* Borrowed from Old Armenian կամ-իմ (kam-im) (itself an Iranian borrowing).
All three are ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”).

### Verb

kamel
* to love
* to want

#### Descendants

* Caló: camelar
** → Spanish: camelar

### References

* ↑ Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “kamél”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 134

### Further reading

* Marcel Courthiade (2009) “kam/el I, -lǎs”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 185a
* Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “kamel (kamlǎs)”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 150

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish kamel, from Late Old Norse kamell, from Latin camelus, from Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos, “camel”), ultimately from Proto-Semitic *gamal-.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

kamel c
* camel (especially the Bactrian camel, Camelus bactrianus)

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | kamel | kamels |
| singular | definite | kamelen | kamelens |
| plural | indefinite | kameler | kamelers |
| plural | definite | kamelerna | kamelernas |

#### Synonyms

* baktrisk kamel

#### Related terms

* kameldjur
* kameldrivare
* kamelföl
* kamelförare
* kamelhingst
* kamelhår
* kamelkaravan
* kamelrygg
* kamelryttare
* kamelsadel
* kamelsto
* kamelull

#### See also

* dromedar (“dromedary”)
* karavan (“caravan”)
* puckel (“hump”)

### References

* kamel in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* kamel in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* kamel in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Upper Sorbian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Kamel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈmɛl/
* Rhymes: -ɛl
* Hyphenation: ka‧mel
* Syllabification: ka‧mel

### Noun

kamel m animal
* (zoology) camel
    Synonym: wjelbłud

#### Declension
### References

* “kamel” in Soblex