OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# күүкн
## Kalmyk
### Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *keü-ken, compare Mongolian хүүхэд (xüüxed), Buryat хүүгэд (xüüged).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kyːˈkən/

### Noun

күүкн • (küükn) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡉᡉᡍᡄᠨ (küüken), plural күүкд or күүкс)
* girl, female child, lady

#### Related terms

* кукн (kukn)
* күүкд (küükd)
* күүкд күн (küükd kün)

### References

A. Pozdneev (1911) “күүкн”, in Калмыцко-русскій словарь [Kalmyk-Russian dictionary], Saint-Petersburg: Типографія императорской академіи наук, page 293
# Löwenbergers
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈløːvn̩ˌbɛɐ̯ɡɐs]
* Hyphenation: Lö‧wen‧ber‧gers

### Proper noun

Löwenbergers
* genitive singular of Löwenberger
* plural of Löwenberger
# олзлх
## Kalmyk
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ol.zəlˈχə/

### Verb

олзлх • (olzlx) (Clear script spelling ᡆᠯᠴᡆᠯᡆᡍᡇ (olzoloxu) or ᡆᠯᠴᠠᠯᠠᡍᡇ (olzalaxu))
* (transitive) to use, to employ (for profit)
    Synonym: керглх (kerglx)
* to profit, to gain
* to take hostage
# peskłać
## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Masovia):
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /ˈpɛs.kwat͡ɕ/

### Verb

peskłać impf
* (reflexive with się, Far Masovian) to splash about (to play in water)
    Nie peskłajta sie w wodzie, bo sie zamoruchata. ― Don't splash about in the water, or else you'll get dirty.

### Further reading

* Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “peskłać”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 118
# pletniak
## Polish
### Etymology

From pleść +‎ -niak.

### Pronunciation

* (Masovia):
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /ˈplɛt.ɲak/

### Noun

pletniak m inan
* (Far Masovian) fence made of hawthorn or thorns
    Hypernym: płot

### Further reading

* Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “pletńak”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 118
# podroby
## Polish
### Etymology

Deverbal from podrobić.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔdˈrɔ.bɘ/
* (Masovia):
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /pɔˈdrɔ.bɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔbɘ
* Syllabification: pod‧ro‧by

### Noun

podroby nvir pl (related adjective podrobowy)
* offal, giblets (internal organs of an animal, used as food)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* podroby in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* podroby in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “podroby”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 118
# podzygować
## Polish
### Etymology

From pod- +‎ German saugen +‎ -ować.

### Pronunciation

* (Masovia):
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /pɔ.d͡zɘˈɡɔ.vat͡ɕ/

### Verb

podzygować pf
* (transitive, Far Masovian) to feed a child
    Ledwiem zdońzyła podzygować dzieciaka, a tu juz wsyscy ido za dzień (do roboty). ― I had just barely managed to feed my child, and everyone's already going (to work) for the day.

### Further reading

* Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “podzygować”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 118
# 礅

| 礅 | U+7905, &#30981; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7905 |
| ← 礄 [U+7904] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 礆 → [U+7906] |

## Translingual
### Han character

礅 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一口卜木大 (MRYDK), four-corner 1864$_0$, composition ⿰石敦)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 837, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2457, character 3
* Unihan data for U+7905

## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dūn (dun$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): deon$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dong$^1$ / duong$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tun
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dun
*** Wade–Giles: tun$^1$
*** Yale: dwūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duen
*** Palladius: дунь (dunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯ən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: deon$^1$
*** Yale: dēun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: doen$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dên$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɵn⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: duong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tuoŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tun
*** Tâi-lô: tun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dwn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tun³³/

### Definitions

礅
* large stone

### Compounds

* 石礅

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “礅”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 57.
# hylendid
## Welsh
### Etymology

From hylan (“hygienic”) +‎ -did influenced by glendid (“cleanliness”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /həˈlɛndɪd/

### Noun

hylendid m (uncountable, not mutable)
* hygiene
    Synonyms: glanweithdra, iechydiaeth

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “hylendid”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# вълхвъ
## Old East Slavic
### Alternative forms

* волхвъ (volxvŭ), волъхвъ (volŭxvŭ), вълъхвъ (vŭlŭxvŭ)

### Etymology

Related to Old Church Slavonic влъхвъ (vlŭxvŭ) and Old Church Slavonic влъснѫти (vlŭsnǫti, “to stutter”), referring to the trances the priests used in their ceremonies. Cognate with Old Czech vlchvec. Polish wołchw, Slovene volh

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋʊlxʋʊ/→/ˈʋʊlxʋʊ/→/ˈʋɔlxʋ/
* (ca. 9th CE) IPA: /ˈʋʊlxʋʊ/
* (ca. 11th CE) IPA: /ˈʋʊlxʋʊ/
* (ca. 13th CE) IPA: /ˈʋɔlxʋ/

### Noun

вълхвъ (vŭlxvŭ) m
* wizard, mage

#### Synonyms

* кудесникъ (kudesnikŭ)
* обавьникъ (obavĭnikŭ)

#### Related terms

* вълхва (vŭlxva)
* вълхвованиѥ (vŭlxvovanije)
* вълхвовати (vŭlxvovati)

#### Descendants

* Russian: волхв (volxv)
** → English: volkhv
* Ukrainian: волхв (volxv)
* → Proto-Finnic: *vëlho (see there for further descendants)

### References

* Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “вълхвъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 382
# Gallini
## Translingual

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Etymology

Gallus +‎ -ini

### Proper noun

Gallini
* A taxonomic tribe within the family Phasianidae.

#### Hypernyms

* (tribe): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Reptilia – class; Aves – subclass; Neognathae – infraclass; Galloanseri – superorder; Galliformes – order; Phasianidae – family; Perdicinae or Phasianinae (syn. Pavoninae) – subfamily

#### Hyponyms

* (tribe): Bambuscicola (bamboo partridges); Gallus (junglefowl); Peliperdix, Francolinus (from which Ortygornis, Afrocolinus, and Campocolinus have been recently extracted), Scleroptila (true francolins) – genera

### References

* Phasianinae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Phasianinae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Phasianidae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Pericinae at Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
* Phasianidae at the Tree of Life Web Project
* Perdicinae at National Center for Biotechnology Information
* Phasianidae at Avian Taxonomy in Flux
# Accringtonians
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ækɹɪŋˈtəʊnɪ.ənz/

### Noun

Accringtonians
* plural of Accringtonian
# 㙍

| 㙍 | U+364D, &#13901; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-364D |
| ← 㙌 [U+364C] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A | 㙎 → [U+364E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

㙍 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土水水水 (GEEE), composition ⿰土叕)
* name of a place in modern-day Guangdong province

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 232, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 459, character 7
* Unihan data for U+364D

## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): duō, duó
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄛ, ㄉㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): do$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): doeh$^6$ / dyeh$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: duō
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: duo
*** Wade–Giles: to$^1$
*** Yale: dwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duo
*** Palladius: до (do)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: duó
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: duó
*** Wade–Giles: to$^2$
*** Yale: dwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwo
*** Palladius: до (do)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: do$^1$
*** Yale: dō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: do$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: do$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔː⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: doeh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tœʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dyeh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tyøʔ²/

### Definitions

㙍
* Used in place names.
    塘㙍 ― Tángduō ― the name of a place in Guangdong

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “㙍”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 58.
# Lehnsgerichts
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈleːnsˌɡəˌʁɪçts]
* Hyphenation: Lehns‧ge‧richts

### Noun

Lehnsgerichts n
* genitive singular of Lehnsgericht
# Kirkham
## English
### Etymology

From a Scandinvianized form of Old English ċiriċe (“church”) + hām (“homestead”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈkɜː(ɹ)kəm/

### Proper noun

Kirkham (countable and uncountable, plural Kirkhams)
* (uncountable) A placename:
** A town and civil parish in Fylde borough, Lancashire, England (OS grid ref SD4232).
** A small village in Westow parish, Ryedale district, North Yorkshire, England (OS grid ref SE7365).
** A suburb of the council of Camden, south-west of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
* (countable) A habitational surname from Old English.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Kirkham is the 8032nd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 4121 individuals. Kirkham is most common among White (92.87%) individuals.

### References

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Kirkham”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 310.
* ↑ Parish map (Lancashire)
# засолить
## Russian
### Etymology

за- (za-) +‎ соли́ть (solítʹ)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [zəsɐˈlʲitʲ]

### Verb

засоли́ть • (zasolítʹ) pf (imperfective заса́ливать)
* to salt, to pickle, to corn

#### Related terms

* соль (solʹ), соляно́й (soljanój), солево́й (solevój)
* соли́ть (solítʹ), соле́ние (solénije), соле́нье (solénʹje)
* солёный (soljónyj), со́лоно (sólono)
* солонова́тый (solonovátyj)
* солоне́ц (solonéc)
* соло́нка (solónka)
* солева́рня (solevárnja), солева́рница (solevárnica)
* солони́на (solonína)
* солонча́к (solončák)
# Rawtenstall
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɹɒtənstɔːl/

### Proper noun

Rawtenstall
* A town in Rossendale borough, Lancashire, England (OS grid ref SD8123).
# паглайарга
## Northern Altai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bāg. Cognate to Shor пағларға (paɣlarɣa), etc.

### Verb

паглайарга • (paglayarga)
* to tie, bind

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, editor (1985), “пагла-”, in Severnyje Dialekty Altajskovo( Ojrotskovo) Jazyka- Dialekt Lebedinskix Tatar-čalkancev(kuu-kiži) [Northern Altai language-Dialect of Chelkan], Moskva: glavnaja redakcija vostočnoj literatury, →ISBN
# blind typewriter
## English
### Noun

blind typewriter (plural blind typewriters)
* Synonym of upstrike (“a kind of typewriter”)
# 코스어
## Korean
### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kʰo̞sʰɯʌ̹]
* Phonetic hangul: [코스어]

### Noun

코스어 • (koseueo)
* Short for 코스플레이어 (koseupeulleieo, “cosplayer”).
# khòa-sèng-pia̍t
## Hokkien

* For pronunciation and definitions of khòa-sèng-pia̍t – see 跨性別 (“transgenderness; transgender person”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 跨性别, which is in turn a variant form of 跨性別).
# fud3p
## Tagalog
### Etymology

From fud +‎ 3p, approximating the pronunciation of the word foodtrip.

### Noun

fud3p (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜉ᜔) (text messaging, Internet slang)
* Abbreviation of foodtrip.
# bark scorpion
## English
### Noun

bark scorpion (plural bark scorpions)
* Any of various scorpions of the genus Centruroides

### Further reading

* bark scorpion on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Centruroides on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Centruroides on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# سماد
## Arabic

* Root
* س م د (s m d)
* 2 terms

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.maːd/

### Noun

سَمَاد • (samād) m (plural أَسْمِدَة (ʔasmida))
* fertilizer

#### Declension
### See also

* Thesaurus – Arabic terms for “feces, excrement, dung, ordure, manure”
# underween
## English
### Etymology

From under- +‎ ween.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Verb

underween (third-person singular simple present underweens, present participle underweening, simple past and past participle underweened)
* (transitive, rare or nonstandard) To undervalue.
** 1837, Edward Fisher, Thomas Boston, The Marrow of Modern Divinity: In Two Parts, page 290:...in this Commandment is forbidden too high a conceit or esteem of ourselves, and so also is too mean a conceit, in underweening the good things that be in ourselves,
** 1977, Cornell University, Epoch: Volumes 27-28:You'd better underween.
** 2006 April 25, Sanity, “A prayer for freedom from religion”, in alt.gathering.rainbow‎ (Usenet):Really? I thought Dubya was underweened.
** 2012 January 12, tony cooper, “"Apothegmbusters4" - Nod = Wink to Blind Man”, in alt.philosophy (Usenet):Harrison has little to offer, but comparatively underweens.

#### Derived terms

* underweening

### Anagrams

* unrenewed
# impénétrable
## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin impenētrābilis. By surface analysis, im- +‎ pénétrable.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ̃.pe.ne.tʁabl/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

impénétrable (plural impénétrables)
* impenetrable
    une barrière impénétrable ― an impenetrable barrier
* (figuratively) not understandable, mysterious
    Les voies du Seigneur sont impénétrables.God works in mysterious ways.(literally, “The ways of the Lord are impenetrable.”)

#### Derived terms

* impénétrablement

### Further reading

* “impénétrable”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# strożak
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* stróżok (Poznań)

### Etymology

Borrowed from German Strohsack.

### Pronunciation

* (Greater Poland):
** (Central Greater Poland) IPA: /ˈstrɔ.ʐak/

### Noun

strożak m inan
* (Central Greater Poland) Synonym of siennik

### Further reading

* Oskar Kolberg (1877) “strożak”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 24
# back buffer
## English
### Noun

back buffer (plural back buffers)
* (computer graphics) A buffer used to store graphics while they are being drawn, and later copied to the display in a single operation.
# макетный
## Russian
### Etymology

маке́т (makét) +‎ -ный (-nyj)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɐˈkʲetnɨj]

### Adjective

маке́тный • (makétnyj)
* (relational) model, mockup
# filatelistyka
## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (prescriptive) /filatɛˈlistɘka/, (colloquial) /filatɛliˈstɘka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -istɘka, -ɘka
* Syllabification: fi‧la‧te‧li‧sty‧ka

### Noun

filatelistyka f
* philately (stamp collecting)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* filatelistyka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* filatelistyka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# ᠪᠣᠩᡤᠣ
## Manchu
### Adjective

ᠪᠣᠩᡤᠣ • (bonggo)
* first
* point; apex

### References

* Jerry Norman (2013) A Comprehensive Manchu-English Dictionary, Harvard University Press
# underproductive
## English
### Etymology

From under- +‎ productive.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

underproductive (comparative more underproductive, superlative most underproductive)
* Insufficiently productive.
** 2007 December 13, Ian Fisher, “In a Funk, Italy Sings an Aria of Disappointment”, in New York Times‎:Doubt clouds the family itself: 70 percent of Italians between 20 and 30 still live at home, condemning the young to an extended and underproductive adolescence.

#### Related terms

* underproductiveness
* underproductivity
# kutaifishia
## Swahili
### Verb

kutaifishia (verbal noun of the ku class)
* infinitive of -taifishia
# carromata
## English
### Etymology

From Philippine Spanish carromata, from Spanish carromato +‎ -a. Compare Tagalog karomata, Cebuano karomata.

### Noun

carromata (plural carromatas)
* (Philippines, historical) A light two-wheeled, horse-drawn passenger carriage with a tilt roof used to convey passengers within city limits or for countryside travelling.
# kapcsolható
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From kapcsol (“to connect, link”) +‎ -ható (“-able”, adjective-forming suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɒpt͡ʃolɦɒtoː]
* Hyphenation: kap‧csol‧ha‧tó
* Rhymes: -toː

### Adjective

kapcsolható (not comparable)
* connectable, linkable, attributable, associable (to something or someone: -hoz/-hez/-höz)
    A vállalat az internethez kapcsolható videókamerákat árul. ― The company sells video cameras connectable to the internet.
    A hívott szám pillanatnyilag nem kapcsolható. ― The called number cannot be connected at the moment.
# domian
## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *dōmōn (“to dispense justice”), equivalent to dōm +‎ -ian. Cognate with Old Frisian dōmia (“to grant”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdoː.mi.ɑn/

### Verb

dōmian
* to praise, glorify

#### Related terms

* dēman

#### Descendants

* Middle English: domen
** English: doom
** Scots: doom

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *dōmijan, from Proto-Germanic *dōmijaną. Akin to Old English dēman (earlier Old English dœ̄man), Old Norse dǿma.

### Verb

dōmian
* to judge
* to deem

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: dōmen
# 浅葱
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 浅 | 葱 |
| あさ Grade: 4 | ぎ Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi | irregular |
* Alternative spelling
* 淺葱 (kyūjitai)

#### Noun

浅(あさ)葱(ぎ) • (asagi)
* pale greenish blue
* a person of the 六位 (rokui, “sixth rank”) at court
* Short for 浅葱裏 (asagi-ura, “greenish-blue lining”).
* Short for 浅葱幕 (asagi maku, “greenish-blue curtain”).

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 浅 | 葱 |
| あさ Grade: 4 | つき Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi | irregular |
* Alternative spellings
* 淺葱 (kyūjitai) 糸葱

#### Noun

浅(あさ)葱(つき) or 浅葱(アサツキ) • (asatsuki)
* Allium schoenoprasum var. foliosum, a variety of chive
    Synonym: 有明 (ariake)
* Short for 浅葱膾 (asatsuki-namasu, “boiled chives and clams, seasoned with vinegared miso”).

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).
# sethen
## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* cethyn, sethyn, seþine, seþen, seoþe, zeoþen, seþe, seeþ, seeth, seþ, seeþe

### Etymology

From Old English sēoþan, from Proto-Germanic *seuþaną; a cognate of Middle Low German sēden, Middle Dutch sieden, Middle High German sieden, and Old Swedish siūþa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈseːðən/

### Verb

sethen
* To boil or seethe; to heat a fluid:
** To boil food or meat as to cook or prepare it.
*** 1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum ix”, in, book VI, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 98, verso; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 196, lines 29–33:A none ſyr kay ſayd ⸝ here is good mete for vs for one meale ⸝ for we had not many a day no good repaſt ⸝ And ſo that veneſon was roſted baken and ſoden ⸝ and ſo after ſouper ſomme abode there al that nyghteAnon, Sir Kay said, here is good meat for us for one meal, for we had no good repast for many a day. And so that venison was roasted, baked and boiled, and so after supper some abided there all that night.
** To boil down or off; to reduce by boiling something.
** To boil something into an essence; to boil as a form of processing.
** To inflict punishment or injury by boiling (typically used of Hell)
* To cook or heat (especially used of processing ceramics or ingredients)
* To break down or process one's consumed food using stomach acid; to digest.
* (figurative, rare) To make pure; to revitalise.

#### Usage notes

While the past singular forms in seth- and present forms in seth- were spelt the same way, the past forms' vowel was /ɛː/ while the present forms had /eː/.

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) sethen, sethe | (to) sethen, sethe |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | sethe | seth, soth |
| 2nd-person singular | sethest | sothe, sode, seth, soth |
| 3rd-person singular | setheth, seth | seth, soth |
| subjunctive singular | sethe | sothe$^1$, sode$^1$ |
| imperative singular | sethe | — |
| plural$^2$ | sethen, sethe | sothen, sothe, soden, sode |
| imperative plural | setheth, sethe | — |
| participles | sethynge, sethende | soden, sode, ysoden, ysode |
$^1$Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English. $^2$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

#### Derived terms

* forsethen
* sether
* sethyng

#### Descendants

* English: seethe (sodden is from the former past participle)
* Scots: seth, seith, seethe (sodden is from the former past participle)

#### References

* “sẹ̄then, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-05.
# underdot
## English
### Etymology

From under- +‎ dot.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

underdot (plural underdots)
* A dot placed below a letter, as a diacritical mark.
    a with underdot = ạ

#### Antonyms

* overdot

#### Hypernyms

* dot
# Scleroptila afra
## Translingual
### Proper noun

Scleroptila afra m
* A taxonomic species within the family Phasianidae – grey-winged francolin.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Galliformes – order; Phasianidae – family; Phasianinae – subfamily; Gallini – tribe; Scleroptila – genus

### References

* Scleroptila afra on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Phasianidae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Scleroptila afra on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Gill, F. and Wright, M. (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names, Princeton University Press, →ISBN
# productiveness
## English
### Etymology

From productive +‎ -ness.

### Noun

productiveness (uncountable)
* The state of being productive.
    Synonym: productivity

#### Translations
### References

* “productiveness”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
# Užovič
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈuʒɔvit͡ʃ]

### Proper noun

Užovič m pers (female equivalent Užovičová)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Užovič”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024