# multus
## Esperanto
### Verb

multus
* conditional of multi

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *moltos, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥tós (“crumbled, crumpled”, past passive participle), from *mel-. Cognate with melior, Ancient Greek μάλα (mála), and Latvian milns (“very many”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈmul.tus/, [ˈmʊɫ̪t̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈmul.tus/, [ˈmul̪t̪us]

### Adjective

multus (feminine multa, neuter multum, comparative plūs, superlative plūrimus, adverb multō); first/second-declension adjective
* (in the singular) much
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.3-4:Multa virī virtūs animō multusque recursat / gentis honōs [...].The hero’s [great] valor and [high] noble birth returns to [Dido’s] thought again and again. (An example of polyptoton: Here, multa . . . multusque can be understood both adjectivally and predicatively, and can modify viri virtus and gentis honos as well as recursat. In the Aeneid, cf.: 1.3-5: multum … multa; and 1.750: multa … multa.)
* (in the plural) many

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Derived terms

* permultus

#### Related terms

* multa
* multitūdō
* multō
* multum

#### Descendants

* Aragonese: muito
* Asturian: munchu
* Aromanian: multu
* Catalan: molt
* Dalmatian: mult, muolt
* Emilian: móllt, môlt
* Extremaduran: munchu
* Friulian: molt
* Interlingua: multe, multo
* Italian: molto
* Leonese: mueitu
* Neapolitan: muto
* Old French: molt, mult, mout
** French: moult
* Megleno-Romanian: mult
* Old Galician-Portuguese: muito, mui
** Galician: moito, moi
** Portuguese: muito
* Romagnol: molt
* Romanian: mult
* Old Spanish: mucho, muy
** Spanish: mucho, muy
* Sicilian: mutu
* Venetan: móndo
* Walloon: molt

### References

* “multus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “multus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* multus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* multus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) the day is already far advanced: multus dies or multa lux est a long conversation: multus sermo not to be prolix: ne longus, multus sim not to be diffuse on such a well-known subject: ne in re nota et pervulgata multus sim (ambiguous) our generation has seen many victories: nostra aetas multas victorias vidit (ambiguous) to foresee the far distant future: futura or casus futuros (multo ante) prospicere (ambiguous) the day is already far advanced: multus dies or multa lux est (ambiguous) till late at night: ad multam noctem (ambiguous) late at night: multa de nocte (ambiguous) Homer lived many years before the foundation of Rome: Homerus fuit multis annis ante Romam conditam (ambiguous) with many tears: multis cum lacrimis (ambiguous) I was induced by several considerations to..: multae causae me impulerunt ad aliquid or ut... (ambiguous) in many respects; in many points: multis rebus or locis (ambiguous) to contribute much towards...; to affect considerably; to be instrumental in..: multum valere ad aliquid (ambiguous) to contribute much towards...; to affect considerably; to be instrumental in..: multum afferre ad aliquid (ambiguous) to experience the ups and downs of life: multis casibus iactari (ambiguous) to be severely tried by misfortune: multis iniquitatibus exerceri (ambiguous) to considerably (in no way) further the common good: multum (nihil) ad communem utilitatem afferre (ambiguous) to be highly favoured by; to be influential with..: multum valere gratia apud aliquem (ambiguous) to consider of importance; to set much (some) store by a thing: multum (aliquid) alicui rei tribuere (ambiguous) to value, esteem a person: multum alicui tribuere (ambiguous) to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight: multum auctoritate valere, posse apud aliquem (ambiguous) to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight: alicuius auctoritas multum valet apud aliquem (ambiguous) to expend great labour on a thing: egregiam operam (multum, plus etc. operae) dare alicui rei (ambiguous) to exert oneself very energetically in a matter: multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re (ambiguous) to be involved in many undertakings; to be much occupied, embarrassed, overwhelmed by business-claims: multis negotiis implicatum, districtum, distentum, obrutum esse (ambiguous) to possess great ability: intellegentia or mente multum valere (ambiguous) to have a good memory: memoriā (multum) valere (opp. memoriā vacillare) (ambiguous) varied, manifold experience: multarum rerum usus (ambiguous) he has had many painful experiences: multa acerba expertus est (ambiguous) to be well (slightly) acquainted with Greek literature: multum (mediocriter) in graecis litteris versari (ambiguous) to be well-informed, erudite: multa cognita, percepta habere, multa didicisse (ambiguous) to be well-informed, erudite: multarum rerum cognitione imbutum esse (opp. litterarum or eruditionis expertem esse or [rerum] rudem esse) (ambiguous) for a Roman he is decidedly well educated: sunt in illo, ut in homine Romano, multae litterae (De Sen. 4. 12) (ambiguous) to enjoy close intercourse with... (of master and pupil): multum esse cum aliquo (Fam. 16. 21) (ambiguous) to collect, accumulate instances: multa exempla in unum (locum) colligere (ambiguous) to have great weight as a speaker: multum dicendo valere, posse (ambiguous) to go deeply into a matter, discuss it fully: multa verba facere (ambiguous) to go deeply into a matter, discuss it fully: multum, nimium esse (in aliqua re) (De Or. 2. 4. 17) (ambiguous) he has made several mistakes: saepe (crebro, multa) peccavit, erravit, lapsus est (ambiguous) to make extracts from Cicero's writings: aliquid, multa ex Ciceronis libris excerpere (not excerpere librum) (ambiguous) we are united by many mutual obligations: multa et magna inter nos officia intercedunt (Fam. 13. 65) (ambiguous) to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation: in eum sermonem incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore (ambiguous) to prolong a conversation far into the night: sermonem producere in multam noctem (Rep. 6. 10. 10) (ambiguous) much money: pecunia magna, grandis (multum pecuniae) (ambiguous) one of the crowd; a mere individual: unus de or e multis (ambiguous) to be always considering what people think: multum communi hominum opinioni tribuere (ambiguous) to obtain many (few) votes in a century or tribe: multa (pauca) puncta in centuria (tribu) aliqua ferre (ambiguous) to impose a fine (used of the prosecutor or the tribunus plebis proposing a fine to be ratified by the people): multam irrogare alicui (Cic. Dom. 17. 45) (ambiguous) a large force, many troops: magnae copiae (not multae) (ambiguous) after many had been wounded on both sides: multis et illatis et acceptis vulneribus (B. G. 1. 50) (ambiguous) the victory cost much blood and many wounds, was very dearly bought: victoria multo sanguine ac vulneribus stetit (Liv. 23. 30) (ambiguous) to have a powerful navy: rebus maritimis multum valere (ambiguous) in short; to be brief: ne multa, quid plura? sed quid opus est plura?
* multus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 394