# clois
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish cloisid, cloistid, apparently a conflation of coistid (“is silent, listens”) with clúas (“hearing”). Coistid is a late form of con·túaisi, from Proto-Celtic *tausos (“silent”) (compare Old Irish tóe (“silent”), Welsh taw (“be silent”)), from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂ws- (“still, silent”) (compare Sanskrit तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm, “silently”). Clos is related to clúas (“hearing, ear”), from Proto-Celtic *kloustā (“hearing, ear”) (compare Welsh clust), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewst- (compare Old English hlyst (“hearing”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”).
The past tense forms are suppletive and originally belonged to cluin, itself from Old Irish ro·cluinethar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /klˠɔʃ/
* (Aran) IPA: /klɨʃ/
* (Cois Fharraige) IPA: /kl̪ˠʊʃ/

### Verb

clois (present analytic cloiseann, future analytic cloisfidh, verbal noun cloisteáil, past participle cloiste)
* (Munster, parts of Connacht) to hear

#### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | cloisim | cloiseann tú; cloisir$^†$ | cloiseann sé, sí | cloisimid; cloiseann muid | cloiseann sibh | cloiseann siad; cloisid$^†$ | a chloiseann; a chloiseas / a gcloiseann*; a gcloiseas* | cloistear |
| indicative | past | chuala mé; chualas | chuala tú; chualais | chuala sé, sí | chualamar; chuala muid | chuala sibh; chualabhair | chuala siad; chualadar | a chuala / ar chuala* | chualathas |
| indicative | past habitual | chloisinn / gcloisinn‡‡ | chloisteá / gcloisteá‡‡ | chloiseadh sé, sí / gcloiseadh sé, sí‡‡ | chloisimis; chloiseadh muid / gcloisimis‡‡; gcloiseadh muid‡‡ | chloiseadh sibh / gcloiseadh sibh‡‡ | chloisidís; chloiseadh siad / gcloisidís‡‡; gcloiseadh siad‡‡ | a chloiseadh / a gcloiseadh* | chloistí / gcloistí‡‡ |
| future | future | cloisfidh mé; cloisfead | cloisfidh tú; cloisfir$^†$ | cloisfidh sé, sí | cloisfimid; cloisfidh muid | cloisfidh sibh | cloisfidh siad; cloisfid$^†$ | a chloisfidh, a chloisfeas / a gcloisfidh*, a gcloisfeas* | cloisfear |
| conditional | conditional | chloisfinn / gcloisfinn‡‡ | chloisfeá / gcloisfeá‡‡ | chloisfeadh sé, sí / gcloisfeadh sé, sí‡‡ | chloisfimis; chloisfeadh muid / gcloisfimis‡‡; gcloisfeadh muid‡‡ | chloisfeadh sibh / gcloisfeadh sibh‡‡ | chloisfidís; chloisfeadh siad / gcloisfidís‡‡; gcloisfeadh siad‡‡ | a chloisfeadh / a gcloisfeadh* | chloisfí / gcloisfí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go gcloise mé; go gcloisead$^†$ | go gcloise tú; go gcloisir$^†$ | go gcloise sé, sí | go gcloisimid; go gcloise muid | go gcloise sibh | go gcloise siad; go gcloisid$^†$ | — | go gcloistear |
| subjunctive | past | dá gcloisinn | dá gcloisteá | dá gcloiseadh sé, sí | dá gcloisimis; dá gcloiseadh muid | dá gcloiseadh sibh | dá gcloisidís; dá gcloiseadh siad | — | dá gcloistí |
| imperative | imperative | cloisim | clois | cloiseadh sé, sí | cloisimis | cloisigí; cloisidh$^†$ | cloisidís | — | cloistear |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | cloisteáil, cloisint, cloistin, cloistint | cloisteáil, cloisint, cloistin, cloistint | cloisteáil, cloisint, cloistin, cloistint | cloisteáil, cloisint, cloistin, cloistint | cloisteáil, cloisint, cloistin, cloistint | cloisteáil, cloisint, cloistin, cloistint | cloisteáil, cloisint, cloistin, cloistint | cloisteáil, cloisint, cloistin, cloistint |
| past participle | past participle | cloiste | cloiste | cloiste | cloiste | cloiste | cloiste | cloiste | cloiste |
*indirect relative † dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

#### Synonyms

* cluin (Ulster; parts of Connacht)

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “clois(t)id”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 155
* ↑ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], § 215, page 111

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927) “cloisim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “clois”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /klɔi̯s/

### Verb

clois
* first-person singular preterite of cloi