# 顛倒
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): diāndǎo
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢ ㄉㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): din$^1$ dou$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tiên-to / tiên-tó
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thian-tho̍h
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diāndǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢ ㄉㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diandǎo
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^1$-tao$^3$
*** Yale: dyān-dǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diandao
*** Palladius: дяньдао (djanʹdao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: din$^1$ dou$^2$
*** Yale: dīn dóu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: din$^1$ dou$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: din$^1$ dou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiːn⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tiên-to / tiên-tó
*** Hakka Romanization System: dien$^ˊ$ do / dien$^ˊ$ do$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dian$^1$ do$^4$ / dian$^1$ do$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ti̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ to⁵⁵/, /ti̯en²⁴ to³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-tho̍h
*** Tâi-lô: thian-tho̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tientoih
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰoʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ tʰoʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰoʔ¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰoʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɤʔ⁴/
* Middle Chinese: ten tawX
Rime :
| Character | 顛 | 倒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | I |
| Fanqie | 都年切 | 都晧切 |
| Baxter | ten | tawX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ten/ | /tɑu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ten/ | /tɑu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɛn/ | /tɑu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tɛn/ | /taw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ten/ | /tɑu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /tien/ | /tɑu$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tien/ | /tɑu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | diān | dǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | din$^1$ | dou$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤi[n] tˤawʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tiːn taːwʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 顛 | 倒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | diān | dǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ten › | ‹ taw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁi[n]/ | /*tˁawʔ/ |
| English | top | turn upside down (v.i.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 顛 | 倒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| No. | 17038 | 2114 |
| Phonetic component | 眞 | 刀 |
| Rime group | 眞 | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 顚 | 倒 |
| Old Chinese | /*tiːn/ | /*taːwʔ/ |
| Notes | | 見漢賦 |

#### Verb

顛倒
* (literal) to turn upside-down; to reverse; to be topsy-turvy
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Dōngfāng wèi xī, diāndǎo chángyī. [Pinyin]
    Before there was a streak of dawn in the east, I was putting on my clothes upside down.
* (figurative) to be confused; to be deranged; to go crazy; to be chaotic; to be disorderly; to fool around; to behave irrationally or frivolously
* (literary) to be overthrown; to be overturned
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Xùn yǔ bùgù, diāndǎo sī yǔ. [Pinyin]
    I admonish him, but he will not regard me; When he is overthrown, he will think of me.

##### Derived terms

* 不知顛倒／不知颠倒
* 夢魂顛倒／梦魂颠倒
* 屋無主，掃帚顛倒豎／屋无主，扫帚颠倒竖
* 是非顛倒／是非颠倒 (shìfēidiāndǎo)
* 晨昏顛倒／晨昏颠倒
* 本末顛倒／本末颠倒 (běnmòdiāndǎo)
* 神魂顛倒／神魂颠倒 (shénhúndiāndǎo)
* 語言顛倒／语言颠倒
* 迷離顛倒／迷离颠倒
* 顛倒乾坤／颠倒干坤
* 顛倒教室／颠倒教室 (diāndǎo jiàoshì)
* 顛倒是非／颠倒是非 (diāndǎoshìfēi)
* 顛倒而行／颠倒而行
* 顛倒衣裳／颠倒衣裳
* 顛倒錯亂／颠倒错乱
* 顛倒陰陽／颠倒阴阳
* 顛倒黑白／颠倒黑白 (diāndǎohēibái)
* 顛顛倒倒／颠颠倒倒
* 黑白顛倒／黑白颠倒

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 顛倒(てんとう) (tentō)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): diāndǎo
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢ ㄉㄠˇ
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tiên-to
    (Hailu, HRS): dien$^ˋ$ do$^ˇ$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tian-tó / tian-tò
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ding$^1$ do$^3$ / dêng$^1$ do$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diāndǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢ ㄉㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diandǎo
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^1$-tao$^3$
*** Yale: dyān-dǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diandao
*** Palladius: дяньдао (djanʹdao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tiên-to
*** Hakka Romanization System: dien$^ˊ$ do
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dian$^1$ do$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ti̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ to⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: dien$^ˋ$ do$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /tien⁵³ to¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tian-tó
*** Tâi-lô: tian-tó
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diendoir
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn³³ to⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tian-tò
*** Tâi-lô: tian-tò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diendoix
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ to¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ding$^1$ do$^3$ / dêng$^1$ do$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ting tò / teng tò
*** Sinological IPA : /tiŋ³³⁻²³ to²¹³/, /teŋ³³⁻²³ to²¹³/

#### Conjunction

顛倒
* (literary or Taiwanese Hakka, Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) instead; on the contrary
* (literary) only

### References

* “Entry #12931”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
* “Entry #12932”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 顛 | 倒 |
| てん Hyōgai | とう Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 顚倒 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 顛倒 – see the following entry. :
| 【転倒てんとう】 | [noun] a fall, overturning, a tumble [verb] to fall, to overturn [verb] to be upset [verb] to be reversed |
(This term, 顛倒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :