# ⲁⲗⲉ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲁⲗⲏⲓ (alēi) — Bohairic
* ⲁⲗⲏ (alē) — Fayyumic

### Verb

ⲁⲗⲉ • (ale) (pronominal form ⲁⲗⲟ⸗, imperative ⲁⲗⲱⲧⲛ, stative ⲁⲗⲏⲩ)
* (Sahidic, transitive) to mount, board, go up, go on

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲁⲗⲉ ale | imperative | affirmative | ⲁⲗⲉ ale |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲁⲗⲉ tm̄ale | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲁⲗⲉ m̄pr̄ale |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲁⲗⲉ tiale | ⲕⲁⲗⲉ kale | ⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉ teale | ϥⲁⲗⲉ fale | ⲥⲁⲗⲉ sale | ⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ tn̄ale | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ tetn̄ale | ⲥⲉⲁⲗⲉ seale | ⲁⲗⲉ ale |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ eïale | ⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉ ekale | ⲉⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ ereale | ⲉϥⲁⲗⲉ efale | ⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉ esale | ⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉ enale | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etetn̄ale | ⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉ euale | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ ere- ale |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲁⲗⲉ etiale | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etk̄ale | ⲉⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ eteale, etereale | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etf̄ale | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ ets̄ale | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etn̄ale | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etetn̄ale | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉ etouale | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ etere- ale |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ neïale | ⲛⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉ nekale | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ nereale | ⲛⲉϥⲁⲗⲉ nefale | ⲛⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉ nesale | ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉ nenale | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ netetn̄ale | ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉ neuale | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ nere- ale |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ tinaale | ⲕⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ knaale | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ tenaale | ϥⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ fnaale | ⲥⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ snaale | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ tn̄naale | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ tetnaale | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ senaale | ⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ naale |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ eïnaale | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ eknaale | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ erenaale | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ efnaale | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ esnaale | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ ennaale | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ etetnaale | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ eunaale | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ ere- naale |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ etinaale | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ etk̄naale | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ etenaale, eterenaale | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ etf̄naale | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ ets̄naale | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ etn̄naale | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ etetnaale | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ etounaale | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ etere- naale |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ neïnaale | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ neknaale | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ nerenaale | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ nefnaale | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ nesnaale | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ nennaale | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ netetnaale | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ neunaale | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ nere- naale |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ aïale | ⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉ akale | ⲁⲁⲗⲉ, ⲁⲣⲁⲗⲉ, ⲁⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ aale, arale, areale | ⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ afale | ⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉ asale | ⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ anale | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ atetn̄ale | ⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ auale | ⲁ- ⲁⲗⲉ a- ale |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲁⲗⲉ m̄piale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲁⲗⲉ m̄pk̄ale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲁⲗⲉ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲁⲗⲉ m̄peale, m̄pr̄ale | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ m̄pf̄ale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ m̄ps̄ale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ m̄pn̄ale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ m̄petn̄ale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉ m̄pouale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ m̄pe- ale |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ eaïale | ⲉⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉ eakale | ⲉⲁⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉⲁⲣⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ eaale, earale, eareale | ⲉⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ eafale | ⲉⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉ easale | ⲉⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ eanale | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ eatetn̄ale | ⲉⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ eauale | ⲉⲁ- ⲁⲗⲉ ea- ale |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲁⲗⲉ em̄piale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲁⲗⲉ em̄pk̄ale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲁⲗⲉ em̄peale, em̄pr̄ale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ em̄pf̄ale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ em̄ps̄ale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ em̄pn̄ale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ em̄petn̄ale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉ em̄pouale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ em̄pe- ale |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ entaïale, n̄taïale | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉ entakale, n̄takale | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ entaale, n̄taale, entarale, n̄tarale, entareale, n̄tareale | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ entafale, n̄tafale | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉ entasale, n̄tasale | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ entanale, n̄tanale | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ entatetn̄ale, n̄tatetn̄ale | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ entauale, n̄tauale | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲁⲗⲉ enta- ale, n̄ta- ale |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲁⲗⲉ etem̄piale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etem̄pk̄ale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etem̄peale, etem̄pr̄ale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etem̄pf̄ale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etem̄ps̄ale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etem̄pn̄ale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etem̄petn̄ale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉ etem̄pouale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ etem̄pe- ale |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ neaïale | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉ neakale | ⲛⲉⲁⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ neaale, nearale, neareale | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ neafale | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉ neasale | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ neanale | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ neatetn̄ale | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ neauale | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲁⲗⲉ nea- ale |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲁⲗⲉ nem̄piale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲁⲗⲉ nem̄pk̄ale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲁⲗⲉ nem̄peale, nem̄pr̄ale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ nem̄pf̄ale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ nem̄ps̄ale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ nem̄pn̄ale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ nem̄petn̄ale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉ nem̄pouale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ nem̄pe- ale |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ n̄taïale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉ n̄takale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ n̄taale, n̄tarale, n̄tareale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ n̄tafale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉ n̄tasale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ n̄tanale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ n̄tatetn̄ale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ n̄tauale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲁⲗⲉ n̄ta- ale |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲁⲗⲉ m̄patiale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲁⲗⲉ m̄patk̄ale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉ m̄pateale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ m̄patf̄ale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ m̄pats̄ale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ m̄patn̄ale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ m̄patetn̄ale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉ m̄patouale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ m̄pate- ale |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲁⲗⲉ em̄patiale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲁⲗⲉ em̄patk̄ale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉ em̄pateale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ em̄patf̄ale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ em̄pats̄ale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ em̄patn̄ale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ em̄patetn̄ale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉ em̄patouale | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ em̄pate- ale |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲁⲗⲉ etem̄patiale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etem̄patk̄ale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉ etem̄pateale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etem̄patf̄ale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etem̄pats̄ale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etem̄patn̄ale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etem̄patetn̄ale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉ etem̄patouale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ etem̄pate- ale |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲁⲗⲉ nem̄patiale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲁⲗⲉ nem̄patk̄ale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉ nem̄pateale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ nem̄patf̄ale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ nem̄pats̄ale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ nem̄patn̄ale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ nem̄patetn̄ale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉ nem̄patouale | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ nem̄pate- ale |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ šaïale | ϣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉ šakale | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ šareale | ϣⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ šafale | ϣⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉ šasale | ϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ šanale | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ šatetn̄ale | ϣⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ šauale | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ šare- ale |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ meïale | ⲙⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉ mekale | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ mereale | ⲙⲉϥⲁⲗⲉ mefale | ⲙⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉ mesale | ⲙⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉ menale | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ metetn̄ale | ⲙⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉ meuale | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ mere- ale |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ ešaïale | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉ ešakale | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ ešareale | ⲉϣⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ ešafale | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉ ešasale | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ ešanale | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ ešatetn̄ale | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ ešauale | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ ešare- ale |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ emeïale | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉ emekale | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ emereale | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲁⲗⲉ emefale | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉ emesale | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉ emenale | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ emetetn̄ale | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉ emeuale | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ emere- ale |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ etešaïale, ešaïale | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉ etešakale, ešakale | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ etešareale, ešareale | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ etešafale, ešafale | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉ etešasale, ešasale | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ etešanale, ešanale | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etešatetn̄ale, ešatetn̄ale | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ etešauale, ešauale | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ etešare- ale, ešare- ale |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ etemeïale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉ etemekale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ etemereale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲁⲗⲉ etemefale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉ etemesale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉ etemenale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etemetetn̄ale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉ etemeuale | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ etemere- ale |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ nešaïale | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉ nešakale | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ nešareale | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲁⲗⲉ nešafale | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉ nešasale | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ nešanale | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ nešatetn̄ale | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉ nešauale | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ nešare- ale |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ nemeïale | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉ nemekale | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ nemereale | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲁⲗⲉ nemefale | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉ nemesale | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉ nemenale | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ nemetetn̄ale | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉ nemeuale | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ nemere- ale |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ emeïale | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉ emekale | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ emereale | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲁⲗⲉ emefale | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉ emesale | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉ emenale | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ emetetn̄ale | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉ emeuale | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ emere- ale |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲁⲗⲉ eïeale | ⲉⲕⲉⲁⲗⲉ ekeale | ⲉⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ ereale | ⲉϥⲉⲁⲗⲉ efeale | ⲉⲥⲉⲁⲗⲉ eseale | ⲉⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉ eneale | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉ etetneale | ⲉⲩⲉⲁⲗⲉ eueale | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ ere- ale |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉ n̄naale | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉ n̄nekale | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉ n̄neale | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲁⲗⲉ n̄nefale | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉ n̄nesale | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉ n̄nenale | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ n̄netn̄ale | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉ n̄neuale | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ n̄ne- ale |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁⲗⲉ mariale | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲁⲗⲉ marefale | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉ maresale | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ marn̄ale | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉ marouale | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ mare- ale |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲁⲗⲉ m̄pr̄traale | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲁⲗⲉ m̄pr̄trefale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉ m̄pr̄tresale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉ m̄pr̄trenale | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉ m̄pr̄treuale | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ m̄pr̄tre- ale |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲁⲗⲉ, ⲧⲁⲁⲗⲉ n̄taale, taale | ⲛ̄ⲅⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲁⲗⲉ n̄gale, n̄kale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉ n̄teale | ⲛ̄ϥⲁⲗⲉ n̄fale | ⲛ̄ⲥⲁⲗⲉ n̄sale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ n̄tn̄ale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ n̄tetn̄ale | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲁⲗⲉ n̄seale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ n̄te- ale |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲁⲗⲉ tariale | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉ tarekale | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ tareale | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲁⲗⲉ tarefale | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉ taresale | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ tarn̄ale | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ taretn̄ale | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉ tarouale | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ tare- ale |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲁⲗⲉ n̄teriale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉ n̄terekale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲁⲗⲉ n̄tereale, n̄tererale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲁⲗⲉ n̄terefale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉ n̄teresale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉ n̄tern̄ale, n̄terenale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ n̄teretn̄ale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉ n̄terouale | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ n̄tere- ale |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲁⲗⲉ šantiale | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲁⲗⲉ šantk̄ale | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉ šanteale | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ šantf̄ale | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲁⲗⲉ šants̄ale | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ šantn̄ale | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ šantetn̄ale | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉ šantouale | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ šante- ale |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ eïšanale | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ ekšanale | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ eršanale, erešanale | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ efšanale | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ esšanale | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ enšanale | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ etetn̄šanale | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ eušanale | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲁⲗⲉ eršan- ale |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲗⲉ eïale | ⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉ ekale | ⲉⲣⲉⲁⲗⲉ ereale | ⲉϥⲁⲗⲉ efale | ⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉ esale | ⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉ enale | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲁⲗⲉ etetn̄ale | ⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉ euale | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉ ere- ale |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 4a
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 4
* TLA lemma no. C37 (ⲁⲗⲉ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),