# ϣⲱϣ
## Coptic
### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* ⲥⲱϣ (sōš) — Sahidic
* ϣⲱⲥ (šōs) — Sahidic, Akhmimic, Lycopolitan

#### Verb

ϣⲱϣ • (šōš) (nominal state (B) ϣⲉϣ-, or (B) ϣⲁϣ-, pronominal state (B) ϣⲟϣ⸗, or (F) ϣⲁϣ⸗, stative ϣⲏϣ, conjunct participle (B) ϣⲁϣ)
* (Bohairic, Fayyumic, intransitive) to be despised, humbled
* (Bohairic, Fayyumic, transitive) to despise

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϣⲱϣ šōš | imperative | affirmative | ϣⲱϣ šōš |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲱϣ štemšōš | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϣⲱϣ m̀peršōš |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϣⲱϣ tišōš | ⲕϣⲱϣ kšōš | ⲧⲉϣⲱϣ tešōš | ϥϣⲱϣ fšōš | ⲥϣⲱϣ sšōš | ⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ tenšōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ tetenšōš | ⲥⲉϣⲱϣ sešōš | ϣⲱϣ šōš |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϣⲱϣ eišōš | ⲉⲕϣⲱϣ ekšōš | ⲉⲣⲉϣⲱϣ erešōš | ⲉϥϣⲱϣ efšōš | ⲉⲥϣⲱϣ esšōš | ⲉⲛϣⲱϣ enšōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ eretenšōš | ⲉⲩϣⲱϣ eušōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ere- šōš |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϣⲱϣ etišōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ etekšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲱϣ etešōš | ⲉⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ etefšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ etesšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etetenšōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ etoušōš | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ete- šōš |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϣⲱϣ naišōš | ⲛⲁⲕϣⲱϣ nakšōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ narešōš | ⲛⲁϥϣⲱϣ nafšōš | ⲛⲁⲥϣⲱϣ nasšōš | ⲛⲁⲛϣⲱϣ nanšōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ naretenšōš | ⲛⲁⲩϣⲱϣ naušōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nare- šōš |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϣⲱϣ aišōš | ⲁⲕϣⲱϣ akšōš | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ arešōš | ⲁϥϣⲱϣ afšōš | ⲁⲥϣⲱϣ asšōš | ⲁⲛϣⲱϣ anšōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ aretenšōš | ⲁⲩϣⲱϣ aušōš | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ are- šōš |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϣⲱϣ tinašōš | ⲭⲛⲁϣⲱϣ khnašōš | ⲧⲉⲣⲁϣⲱϣ terašōš | ϥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ fnašōš | ⲥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ snašōš | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ tennašōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ tetennašōš | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ senašōš | ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ našōš |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁϣⲱϣ einašōš | ⲉⲭⲛⲁϣⲱϣ ekhnašōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ erenašōš | ⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ efnašōš | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ esnašōš | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ ennašōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ eretennašōš | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϣⲱϣ eunašōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ ere- našōš |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etinašōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etekhnašōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etenašōš | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etefnašōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etesnašōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etennašōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etetennašōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etounašōš | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ ete- našōš |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nainašōš | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nakhnašōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ narenašōš | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nafnašōš | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nasnašōš | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nannašōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ naretennašōš | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϣⲱϣ naunašōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nare- našōš |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁϣⲱϣ ainašōš | ⲁⲭⲛⲁϣⲱϣ akhnašōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ arenašōš | ⲁϥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ afnašōš | ⲁⲥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ asnašōš | ⲁⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ annašōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ aretennašōš | ⲁⲩⲛⲁϣⲱϣ aunašōš | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ are- našōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϣⲱϣ aišōš | ⲁⲕϣⲱϣ akšōš | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ arešōš | ⲁϥϣⲱϣ afšōš | ⲁⲥϣⲱϣ asšōš | ⲁⲛϣⲱϣ anšōš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ atetenšōš | ⲁⲩϣⲱϣ aušōš | ⲁ- ϣⲱϣ a- šōš |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲱϣ m̀pišōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ m̀pekšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲱϣ m̀pešōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ m̀pefšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ m̀pesšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ m̀penšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ m̀petenšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ m̀poušōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ m̀pe- šōš |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϣⲱϣ eaišōš | ⲉⲁⲕϣⲱϣ eakšōš | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ earešōš | ⲉⲁϥϣⲱϣ eafšōš | ⲉⲁⲥϣⲱϣ easšōš | ⲉⲁⲛϣⲱϣ eanšōš | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ eatetenšōš | ⲉⲁⲩϣⲱϣ eaušōš | ⲉⲁ- ϣⲱϣ ea- šōš |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲱϣ em̀pišōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ em̀pekšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲱϣ em̀pešōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ em̀pefšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ em̀pesšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ em̀penšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ em̀petenšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ em̀poušōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ em̀pe- šōš |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϣⲱϣ etaišōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϣⲱϣ etakšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ etarešōš | ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲱϣ etafšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϣⲱϣ etasšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϣⲱϣ etanšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etaretenšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϣⲱϣ etaušōš | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϣⲱϣ eta- šōš |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲱϣ etm̀pišōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ etm̀pekšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲱϣ etm̀pešōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ etm̀pefšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ etm̀pesšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etm̀penšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etm̀petenšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ etm̀poušōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etm̀pe- šōš |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓϣⲱϣ neaišōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϣⲱϣ neakšōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ nearešōš | ⲛⲉⲁϥϣⲱϣ neafšōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϣⲱϣ neasšōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϣⲱϣ neanšōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ neatetenšōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϣⲱϣ neaušōš | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϣⲱϣ nea- šōš |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲱϣ nem̀pišōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nem̀pekšōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲱϣ nem̀pešōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ nem̀pefšōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nem̀pesšōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nem̀penšōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nem̀petenšōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ nem̀poušōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nem̀pe- šōš |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϣⲱϣ etaišōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϣⲱϣ etakšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ etarešōš | ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲱϣ etafšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϣⲱϣ etasšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϣⲱϣ etanšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etaretenšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϣⲱϣ etaušōš | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϣⲱϣ eta- šōš |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ m̀patišōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ m̀patekšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ m̀patešōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ m̀patefšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ m̀patesšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ m̀patenšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ m̀patetenšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ m̀patoušōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ m̀pate- šōš |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ em̀patišōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ em̀patekšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ em̀patešōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ em̀patefšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ em̀patesšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ em̀patenšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ em̀patetenšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ em̀patoušōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ em̀pate- šōš |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ etm̀patišōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ etm̀patekšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ etm̀patešōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ etm̀patefšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ etm̀patesšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etm̀patenšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etm̀patetenšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ etm̀patoušōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etm̀pate- šōš |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ nam̀patišōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nam̀patekšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ nam̀patešōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ nam̀patefšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nam̀patesšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nam̀patenšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nam̀patetenšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ nam̀patoušōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nam̀pate- šōš |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ šaišōš | ϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ šakšōš | ϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ šarešōš | ϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ šafšōš | ϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ šasšōš | ϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ šanšōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ šatetenšōš | ϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ šaušōš | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ šare- šōš |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲱϣ m̀paišōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲱϣ m̀pakšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ m̀parešōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲱϣ m̀pafšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲱϣ m̀pasšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲱϣ m̀panšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ m̀paretenšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲱϣ m̀paušōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ m̀pare- šōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ ešaišōš | ⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ ešakšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ ešarešōš | ⲉϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ ešafšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ ešasšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ ešanšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ešatetenšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ ešaušōš | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ešare- šōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲱϣ em̀paišōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲱϣ em̀pakšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ em̀parešōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲱϣ em̀pafšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲱϣ em̀pasšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲱϣ em̀panšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ em̀paretenšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲱϣ em̀paušōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ em̀pare- šōš |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ etšaišōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ etšakšōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ etšarešōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ etšafšōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ etšasšōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ etšanšōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etšatetenšōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ etšaušōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etšare- šōš |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲱϣ etm̀paišōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲱϣ etm̀pakšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ etm̀parešōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲱϣ etm̀pafšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲱϣ etm̀pasšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲱϣ etm̀panšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etm̀paretenšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲱϣ etm̀paušōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etm̀pare- šōš |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ našaišōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ našakšōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ našarešōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ našafšōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ našasšōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ našanšōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ našatetenšōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ našaušōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ našare- šōš |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲱϣ nam̀paišōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲱϣ nam̀pakšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ nam̀parešōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲱϣ nam̀pafšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲱϣ nam̀pasšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲱϣ nam̀panšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nam̀paretenšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲱϣ nam̀paušōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nam̀pare- šōš |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲱϣ em̀paišōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲱϣ em̀pakšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ em̀parešōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲱϣ em̀pafšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲱϣ em̀pasšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲱϣ em̀panšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ em̀paretenšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲱϣ em̀paušōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ em̀pare- šōš |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϣⲱϣ eiešōš | ⲉⲕⲉϣⲱϣ ekešōš | ⲉⲣⲉϣⲱϣ erešōš | ⲉϥⲉϣⲱϣ efešōš | ⲉⲥⲉϣⲱϣ esešōš | ⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ enešōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ eretenešōš | ⲉⲩⲉϣⲱϣ euešōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ere- šōš |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ ǹnašōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕϣⲱϣ ǹnekšōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϣⲱϣ ǹnešōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϣⲱϣ ǹnefšōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϣⲱϣ ǹnesšōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ǹnenšōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ǹnetenšōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϣⲱϣ ǹnoušōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ǹne- šōš |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϣⲱϣ marišōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲱϣ marefšōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲱϣ maresšōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϣⲱϣ marenšōš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϣⲱϣ maroušōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ mare- šōš |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϣⲱϣ m̀penthrišōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϣⲱϣ m̀penthrefšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϣⲱϣ m̀penthresšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϣⲱϣ m̀penthrenšōš | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩϣⲱϣ m̀penthreušōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ m̀penthre- šōš |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁϣⲱϣ ǹtašōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ ǹtekšōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϣⲱϣ ǹtešōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ ǹtefšōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ ǹtesšōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ǹtenšōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ǹtetenšōš | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ ǹsešōš, ǹtoušōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ǹte- šōš |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϣⲱϣ tarišōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϣⲱϣ tarekšōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ tarešōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲱϣ tarefšōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲱϣ taresšōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛϣⲱϣ tarenšōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ taretenšōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϣⲱϣ taroušōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ tare- šōš |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯϣⲱϣ šatišōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ šatekšōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ šatešōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ šatefšōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ šatesšōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ šatenšōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ šatetenšōš | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ šatoušōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ šate- šōš |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ aišanšōš | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ akšanšōš | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ arešanšōš | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ afšanšōš | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ asšanšōš | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ anšanšōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ aretenšanšōš | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ aušanšōš | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϣⲱϣ arešan- šōš |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϣⲱϣ aišōš | ⲁⲕϣⲱϣ akšōš | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ arešōš | ⲁϥϣⲱϣ afšōš | ⲁⲥϣⲱϣ asšōš | ⲁⲛϣⲱϣ anšōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ aretenšōš | ⲁⲩϣⲱϣ aušōš | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ are- šōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ϣⲱϣ šōš | imperative | affirmative | ϣⲱϣ šōš |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲱϣ štemšōš | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗϣⲱϣ, ⲡⲉⲗϣⲱϣ mpelšōš, pelšōš |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϣⲱϣ tišōš | ⲕϣⲱϣ kšōš | ⲧⲉϣⲱϣ tešōš | ϥϣⲱϣ fšōš | ⲥϣⲱϣ sšōš | ⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ tenšōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ tetenšōš | ⲥⲉϣⲱϣ sešōš | ϣⲱϣ šōš |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϣⲱϣ eišōš | ⲉⲕϣⲱϣ ekšōš | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ elešōš | ⲉϥϣⲱϣ efšōš | ⲉⲥϣⲱϣ esšōš | ⲉⲛϣⲱϣ enšōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ eletenšōš | ⲉⲩϣⲱϣ eušōš | ⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ele- šōš |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϣⲱϣ etišōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ etekšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲱϣ etešōš | ⲉⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ etefšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ etesšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etetenšōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ etoušōš | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ete- šōš, etele- šōš |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϣⲱϣ naišōš | ⲛⲁⲕϣⲱϣ nakšōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ nalešōš | ⲛⲁϥϣⲱϣ nafšōš | ⲛⲁⲥϣⲱϣ nasšōš | ⲛⲁⲛϣⲱϣ nanšōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ naletenšōš | ⲛⲁⲩϣⲱϣ naušōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nale- šōš |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϣⲱϣ aišōš | ⲁⲕϣⲱϣ akšōš | ⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ alešōš | ⲁϥϣⲱϣ afšōš | ⲁⲥϣⲱϣ asšōš | ⲁⲛϣⲱϣ anšōš | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ aletenšōš | ⲁⲩϣⲱϣ aušōš | ⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ale- šōš |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉϣⲱϣ tinešōš | ⲕⲛⲉϣⲱϣ knešōš | ⲧⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ tenešōš | ϥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ fnešōš | ⲥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ snešōš | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ tennešōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ tetennešōš | ⲥⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ senešōš | ⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nešōš |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉϣⲱϣ einešōš | ⲉⲕⲛⲉϣⲱϣ eknešōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ elenešōš | ⲉϥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ efnešōš | ⲉⲥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ esnešōš | ⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ ennešōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ eletennešōš | ⲉⲩⲛⲉϣⲱϣ eunešōš | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϣⲱϣ ele- nešōš |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etinešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉϣⲱϣ eteknešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etenešōš | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etefnešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etesnešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etennešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etetennešōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etounešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etele- nešōš |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nainešōš | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉϣⲱϣ naknešōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nalenešōš | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nafnešōš | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nasnešōš | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nannešōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ naletennešōš | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉϣⲱϣ naunešōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nale- nešōš |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉϣⲱϣ ainešōš | ⲁⲕⲛⲉϣⲱϣ aknešōš | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ alenešōš | ⲁϥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ afnešōš | ⲁⲥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ asnešōš | ⲁⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ annešōš | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ aletennešōš | ⲁⲩⲛⲉϣⲱϣ aunešōš | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϣⲱϣ ale- nešōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϣⲱϣ aišōš | ⲁⲕϣⲱϣ akšōš | ⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ alešōš | ⲁϥϣⲱϣ afšōš | ⲁⲥϣⲱϣ asšōš | ⲁⲛϣⲱϣ anšōš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ atetenšōš | ⲁⲩϣⲱϣ aušōš | ⲁ- ϣⲱϣ a- šōš |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓϣⲱϣ mpišōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ mpekšōš | ⲙⲡⲉϣⲱϣ mpešōš | ⲙⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ mpefšōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ mpesšōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ mpenšōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ mpetenšōš | ⲙⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ mpoušōš | ⲙⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ mpe- šōš |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϣⲱϣ eaišōš | ⲉⲁⲕϣⲱϣ eakšōš | ⲉⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ ealešōš | ⲉⲁϥϣⲱϣ eafšōš | ⲉⲁⲥϣⲱϣ easšōš | ⲉⲁⲛϣⲱϣ eanšōš | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ eatetenšōš | ⲉⲁⲩϣⲱϣ eaušōš | ⲉⲁ- ϣⲱϣ ea- šōš |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓϣⲱϣ empišōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ empekšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϣⲱϣ empešōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ empefšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ empesšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ empenšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ empetenšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ empoušōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ empe- šōš |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓϣⲱϣ ntaišōš | ⲛⲧⲁⲕϣⲱϣ ntakšōš | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ ntalešōš | ⲛⲧⲁϥϣⲱϣ ntafšōš | ⲛⲧⲁⲥϣⲱϣ ntasšōš | ⲛⲧⲁⲛϣⲱϣ ntanšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etaletenšōš | ⲛⲧⲁⲩϣⲱϣ ntaušōš | ⲛⲧⲁ- ϣⲱϣ nta- šōš |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓϣⲱϣ etempišōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ etempekšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϣⲱϣ etempešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ etempefšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ etempesšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etempenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etempetenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ etempoušōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etempe- šōš |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓϣⲱϣ nneaišōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕϣⲱϣ nneakšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ nnealešōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥϣⲱϣ nneafšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥϣⲱϣ nneasšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛϣⲱϣ nneanšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nneatetenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩϣⲱϣ nneaušōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ϣⲱϣ nnea- šōš |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϣⲱϣ nnempišōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nnempekšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϣⲱϣ nnempešōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ nnempefšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nnempesšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnempenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnempetenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ nnempoušōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nnempe- šōš |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓϣⲱϣ aaišōš | ⲁⲁⲕϣⲱϣ aakšōš | ⲁⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ aalešōš | ⲁⲁϥϣⲱϣ aafšōš | ⲁⲁⲥϣⲱϣ aasšōš | ⲁⲁⲛϣⲱϣ aanšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etaletenšōš | ⲁⲁⲩϣⲱϣ aaušōš | ⲁⲁ- ϣⲱϣ aa- šōš |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ mpatišōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ mpatekšōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ mpatešōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ mpatefšōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ mpatesšōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ mpatenšōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ mpatetenšōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ mpatoušōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ mpate- šōš |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ empatišōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ empatekšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ empatešōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ empatefšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ empatesšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ empatenšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ empatetenšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ empatoušōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ empate- šōš |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ etempatišōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ etempatekšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ etempatešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ etempatefšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ etempatesšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etempatenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etempatetenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ etempatoušōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etempate- šōš |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ nnempatišōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nnempatekšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ nnempatešōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ nnempatefšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nnempatesšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnempatenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnempatetenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ nnempatoušōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nnempate- šōš |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ šaišōš | ϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ šakšōš | ϣⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ šalešōš | ϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ šafšōš | ϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ šasšōš | ϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ šanšōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ šatetenšōš | ϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ šaušōš | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ šale- šōš |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓϣⲱϣ meišōš | ⲙⲉⲕϣⲱϣ mekšōš | ⲙⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ melešōš | ⲙⲉϥϣⲱϣ mefšōš | ⲙⲉⲥϣⲱϣ mesšōš | ⲙⲉⲛϣⲱϣ menšōš | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ meletenšōš | ⲙⲉⲩϣⲱϣ meušōš | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ mele- šōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ ešaišōš | ⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ ešakšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ ešalešōš | ⲉϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ ešafšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ ešasšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ ešanšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ešatetenšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ ešaušōš | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ešale- šōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓϣⲱϣ emeišōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲱϣ emekšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ emelešōš | ⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲱϣ emefšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲱϣ emesšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲱϣ emenšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ emeletenšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲱϣ emeušōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ emele- šōš |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ etešaišōš, nšaišōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ etešakšōš, nšakšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ etešalešōš, nšalešōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ etešafšōš, nšafšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ etešasšōš, nšasšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ etešanšōš, nšanšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etešatetenšōš, nšatetenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ etešaušōš, nšaušōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etešale- šōš, nšale- šōš |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓϣⲱϣ etemeišōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲱϣ etemekšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ etemelešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲱϣ etemefšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲱϣ etemesšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etemenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etemeletenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲱϣ etemeušōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etemele- šōš |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ nnešaišōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ nnešakšōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ nnešalešōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ nnešafšōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ nnešasšōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ nnešanšōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnešatetenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ nnešaušōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nnešale- šōš |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓϣⲱϣ nnemeišōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nnemekšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ nnemelešōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲱϣ nnemefšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nnemesšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnemenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnemeletenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲱϣ nnemeušōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nnemele- šōš |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓϣⲱϣ nmeišōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nmekšōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ nmelešōš | ⲛⲙⲉϥϣⲱϣ nmefšōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nmesšōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nmenšōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nmeletenšōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲩϣⲱϣ nmeušōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nmele- šōš |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϣⲱϣ eiešōš | ⲉⲕⲉϣⲱϣ ekešōš | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ elešōš | ⲉϥⲉϣⲱϣ efešōš | ⲉⲥⲉϣⲱϣ esešōš | ⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ enešōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ eletenešōš | ⲉⲩⲉϣⲱϣ euešōš | ⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ele- šōš |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nnašōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nnekšōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nnešōš | ⲛⲛⲉϥϣⲱϣ nnefšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nnesšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnetenšōš | ⲛⲛⲟⲩϣⲱϣ nnoušōš | ⲛⲛⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nne- šōš |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓϣⲱϣ mališōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥϣⲱϣ malefšōš | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥϣⲱϣ malesšōš | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛϣⲱϣ malenšōš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩϣⲱϣ maloušōš | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ male- šōš |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓϣⲱϣ mpeltrišōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥϣⲱϣ mpeltrefšōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥϣⲱϣ mpeltresšōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛϣⲱϣ mpeltrenšōš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩϣⲱϣ mpeltreušōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ mpeltre- šōš |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁϣⲱϣ tašōš, ntašōš | ⲛⲕϣⲱϣ nkšōš | ⲛⲧⲉϣⲱϣ ntešōš | ⲛϥϣⲱϣ nfšōš | ⲛⲥϣⲱϣ nsšōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ntenšōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ntetenšōš | ⲛⲥⲉϣⲱϣ nsešōš | ⲛⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nte- šōš |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓϣⲱϣ tališōš, ntališōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕϣⲱϣ talekšōš, ntalekšōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ talešōš, ntalešōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥϣⲱϣ talefšōš, ntalefšōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥϣⲱϣ talesšōš, ntalesšōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛϣⲱϣ talenšōš, ntalenšōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ taletenšōš, ntaletenšōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩϣⲱϣ taloušōš, ntaloušōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ tale- šōš, ntale- šōš |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓϣⲱϣ ntelišōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕϣⲱϣ ntelekšōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ ntelešōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥϣⲱϣ ntelefšōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥϣⲱϣ ntelesšōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ntelenšōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nteletenšōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩϣⲱϣ nteloušōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ntele- šōš |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϣⲱϣ šantišōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ šantekšōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϣⲱϣ šantešōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ šantefšōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ šantesšōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ šantenšōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ šantetenšōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ šantoušōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ šante- šōš |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ eišanšōš | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ ekšanšōš | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ elešanšōš | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ efšanšōš | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ esšanšōš | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ enšanšōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ eletenšanšōš | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ eušanšōš | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϣⲱϣ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ϣⲱϣ elešan- šōš, elšan- šōš |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϣⲱϣ aišōš | ⲁⲕϣⲱϣ akšōš | ⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ alešōš | ⲁϥϣⲱϣ afšōš | ⲁⲥϣⲱϣ asšōš | ⲁⲛϣⲱϣ anšōš | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ aletenšōš | ⲁⲩϣⲱϣ aušōš | ⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ale- šōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* ϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ (šoušou) — Sahidic
* ⳉⲱⳉ (xōx) — Akhmimic

#### Verb

ϣⲱϣ • (šōš) (nominal state ϣⲉϣ-, or (B) ϣⲁϣ-, pronominal state (B, S) ϣⲁϣ⸗, or (B, S) ϣⲟϣ⸗, stative ϣⲏϣ)
* (Bohairic, Fayyumic, Sahidic, intransitive) to scatter, spread

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϣⲱϣ šōš | imperative | affirmative | ϣⲱϣ šōš |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲱϣ štemšōš | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϣⲱϣ m̀peršōš |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϣⲱϣ tišōš | ⲕϣⲱϣ kšōš | ⲧⲉϣⲱϣ tešōš | ϥϣⲱϣ fšōš | ⲥϣⲱϣ sšōš | ⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ tenšōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ tetenšōš | ⲥⲉϣⲱϣ sešōš | ϣⲱϣ šōš |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϣⲱϣ eišōš | ⲉⲕϣⲱϣ ekšōš | ⲉⲣⲉϣⲱϣ erešōš | ⲉϥϣⲱϣ efšōš | ⲉⲥϣⲱϣ esšōš | ⲉⲛϣⲱϣ enšōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ eretenšōš | ⲉⲩϣⲱϣ eušōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ere- šōš |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϣⲱϣ etišōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ etekšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲱϣ etešōš | ⲉⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ etefšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ etesšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etetenšōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ etoušōš | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ete- šōš |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϣⲱϣ naišōš | ⲛⲁⲕϣⲱϣ nakšōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ narešōš | ⲛⲁϥϣⲱϣ nafšōš | ⲛⲁⲥϣⲱϣ nasšōš | ⲛⲁⲛϣⲱϣ nanšōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ naretenšōš | ⲛⲁⲩϣⲱϣ naušōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nare- šōš |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϣⲱϣ aišōš | ⲁⲕϣⲱϣ akšōš | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ arešōš | ⲁϥϣⲱϣ afšōš | ⲁⲥϣⲱϣ asšōš | ⲁⲛϣⲱϣ anšōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ aretenšōš | ⲁⲩϣⲱϣ aušōš | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ are- šōš |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϣⲱϣ tinašōš | ⲭⲛⲁϣⲱϣ khnašōš | ⲧⲉⲣⲁϣⲱϣ terašōš | ϥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ fnašōš | ⲥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ snašōš | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ tennašōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ tetennašōš | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ senašōš | ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ našōš |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁϣⲱϣ einašōš | ⲉⲭⲛⲁϣⲱϣ ekhnašōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ erenašōš | ⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ efnašōš | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ esnašōš | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ ennašōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ eretennašōš | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϣⲱϣ eunašōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ ere- našōš |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etinašōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etekhnašōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etenašōš | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etefnašōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etesnašōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etennašōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etetennašōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etounašōš | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ ete- našōš |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nainašōš | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nakhnašōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ narenašōš | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nafnašōš | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nasnašōš | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nannašōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ naretennašōš | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϣⲱϣ naunašōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nare- našōš |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁϣⲱϣ ainašōš | ⲁⲭⲛⲁϣⲱϣ akhnašōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ arenašōš | ⲁϥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ afnašōš | ⲁⲥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ asnašōš | ⲁⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ annašōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ aretennašōš | ⲁⲩⲛⲁϣⲱϣ aunašōš | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ are- našōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϣⲱϣ aišōš | ⲁⲕϣⲱϣ akšōš | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ arešōš | ⲁϥϣⲱϣ afšōš | ⲁⲥϣⲱϣ asšōš | ⲁⲛϣⲱϣ anšōš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ atetenšōš | ⲁⲩϣⲱϣ aušōš | ⲁ- ϣⲱϣ a- šōš |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲱϣ m̀pišōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ m̀pekšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲱϣ m̀pešōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ m̀pefšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ m̀pesšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ m̀penšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ m̀petenšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ m̀poušōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ m̀pe- šōš |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϣⲱϣ eaišōš | ⲉⲁⲕϣⲱϣ eakšōš | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ earešōš | ⲉⲁϥϣⲱϣ eafšōš | ⲉⲁⲥϣⲱϣ easšōš | ⲉⲁⲛϣⲱϣ eanšōš | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ eatetenšōš | ⲉⲁⲩϣⲱϣ eaušōš | ⲉⲁ- ϣⲱϣ ea- šōš |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲱϣ em̀pišōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ em̀pekšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲱϣ em̀pešōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ em̀pefšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ em̀pesšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ em̀penšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ em̀petenšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ em̀poušōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ em̀pe- šōš |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϣⲱϣ etaišōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϣⲱϣ etakšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ etarešōš | ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲱϣ etafšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϣⲱϣ etasšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϣⲱϣ etanšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etaretenšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϣⲱϣ etaušōš | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϣⲱϣ eta- šōš |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲱϣ etm̀pišōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ etm̀pekšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲱϣ etm̀pešōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ etm̀pefšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ etm̀pesšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etm̀penšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etm̀petenšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ etm̀poušōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etm̀pe- šōš |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓϣⲱϣ neaišōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϣⲱϣ neakšōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ nearešōš | ⲛⲉⲁϥϣⲱϣ neafšōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϣⲱϣ neasšōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϣⲱϣ neanšōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ neatetenšōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϣⲱϣ neaušōš | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϣⲱϣ nea- šōš |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲱϣ nem̀pišōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nem̀pekšōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲱϣ nem̀pešōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ nem̀pefšōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nem̀pesšōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nem̀penšōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nem̀petenšōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ nem̀poušōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nem̀pe- šōš |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϣⲱϣ etaišōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϣⲱϣ etakšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ etarešōš | ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲱϣ etafšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϣⲱϣ etasšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϣⲱϣ etanšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etaretenšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϣⲱϣ etaušōš | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϣⲱϣ eta- šōš |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ m̀patišōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ m̀patekšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ m̀patešōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ m̀patefšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ m̀patesšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ m̀patenšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ m̀patetenšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ m̀patoušōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ m̀pate- šōš |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ em̀patišōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ em̀patekšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ em̀patešōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ em̀patefšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ em̀patesšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ em̀patenšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ em̀patetenšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ em̀patoušōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ em̀pate- šōš |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ etm̀patišōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ etm̀patekšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ etm̀patešōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ etm̀patefšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ etm̀patesšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etm̀patenšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etm̀patetenšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ etm̀patoušōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etm̀pate- šōš |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ nam̀patišōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nam̀patekšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ nam̀patešōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ nam̀patefšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nam̀patesšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nam̀patenšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nam̀patetenšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ nam̀patoušōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nam̀pate- šōš |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ šaišōš | ϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ šakšōš | ϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ šarešōš | ϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ šafšōš | ϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ šasšōš | ϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ šanšōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ šatetenšōš | ϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ šaušōš | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ šare- šōš |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲱϣ m̀paišōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲱϣ m̀pakšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ m̀parešōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲱϣ m̀pafšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲱϣ m̀pasšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲱϣ m̀panšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ m̀paretenšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲱϣ m̀paušōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ m̀pare- šōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ ešaišōš | ⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ ešakšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ ešarešōš | ⲉϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ ešafšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ ešasšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ ešanšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ešatetenšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ ešaušōš | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ešare- šōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲱϣ em̀paišōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲱϣ em̀pakšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ em̀parešōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲱϣ em̀pafšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲱϣ em̀pasšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲱϣ em̀panšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ em̀paretenšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲱϣ em̀paušōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ em̀pare- šōš |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ etšaišōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ etšakšōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ etšarešōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ etšafšōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ etšasšōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ etšanšōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etšatetenšōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ etšaušōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etšare- šōš |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲱϣ etm̀paišōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲱϣ etm̀pakšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ etm̀parešōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲱϣ etm̀pafšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲱϣ etm̀pasšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲱϣ etm̀panšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etm̀paretenšōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲱϣ etm̀paušōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etm̀pare- šōš |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ našaišōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ našakšōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ našarešōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ našafšōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ našasšōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ našanšōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ našatetenšōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ našaušōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ našare- šōš |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲱϣ nam̀paišōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲱϣ nam̀pakšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ nam̀parešōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲱϣ nam̀pafšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲱϣ nam̀pasšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲱϣ nam̀panšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nam̀paretenšōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲱϣ nam̀paušōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nam̀pare- šōš |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲱϣ em̀paišōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲱϣ em̀pakšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ em̀parešōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲱϣ em̀pafšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲱϣ em̀pasšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲱϣ em̀panšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ em̀paretenšōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲱϣ em̀paušōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ em̀pare- šōš |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϣⲱϣ eiešōš | ⲉⲕⲉϣⲱϣ ekešōš | ⲉⲣⲉϣⲱϣ erešōš | ⲉϥⲉϣⲱϣ efešōš | ⲉⲥⲉϣⲱϣ esešōš | ⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ enešōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ eretenešōš | ⲉⲩⲉϣⲱϣ euešōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ere- šōš |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ ǹnašōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕϣⲱϣ ǹnekšōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϣⲱϣ ǹnešōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϣⲱϣ ǹnefšōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϣⲱϣ ǹnesšōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ǹnenšōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ǹnetenšōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϣⲱϣ ǹnoušōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ǹne- šōš |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϣⲱϣ marišōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲱϣ marefšōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲱϣ maresšōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϣⲱϣ marenšōš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϣⲱϣ maroušōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ mare- šōš |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϣⲱϣ m̀penthrišōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϣⲱϣ m̀penthrefšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϣⲱϣ m̀penthresšōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϣⲱϣ m̀penthrenšōš | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩϣⲱϣ m̀penthreušōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ m̀penthre- šōš |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁϣⲱϣ ǹtašōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ ǹtekšōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϣⲱϣ ǹtešōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ ǹtefšōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ ǹtesšōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ǹtenšōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ǹtetenšōš | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ ǹsešōš, ǹtoušōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ǹte- šōš |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϣⲱϣ tarišōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϣⲱϣ tarekšōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ tarešōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲱϣ tarefšōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲱϣ taresšōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛϣⲱϣ tarenšōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ taretenšōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϣⲱϣ taroušōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ tare- šōš |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯϣⲱϣ šatišōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ šatekšōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ šatešōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ šatefšōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ šatesšōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ šatenšōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ šatetenšōš | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ šatoušōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ šate- šōš |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ aišanšōš | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ akšanšōš | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ arešanšōš | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ afšanšōš | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ asšanšōš | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ anšanšōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ aretenšanšōš | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ aušanšōš | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϣⲱϣ arešan- šōš |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϣⲱϣ aišōš | ⲁⲕϣⲱϣ akšōš | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ arešōš | ⲁϥϣⲱϣ afšōš | ⲁⲥϣⲱϣ asšōš | ⲁⲛϣⲱϣ anšōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ aretenšōš | ⲁⲩϣⲱϣ aušōš | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ are- šōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ϣⲱϣ šōš | imperative | affirmative | ϣⲱϣ šōš |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲱϣ štemšōš | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗϣⲱϣ, ⲡⲉⲗϣⲱϣ mpelšōš, pelšōš |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϣⲱϣ tišōš | ⲕϣⲱϣ kšōš | ⲧⲉϣⲱϣ tešōš | ϥϣⲱϣ fšōš | ⲥϣⲱϣ sšōš | ⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ tenšōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ tetenšōš | ⲥⲉϣⲱϣ sešōš | ϣⲱϣ šōš |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϣⲱϣ eišōš | ⲉⲕϣⲱϣ ekšōš | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ elešōš | ⲉϥϣⲱϣ efšōš | ⲉⲥϣⲱϣ esšōš | ⲉⲛϣⲱϣ enšōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ eletenšōš | ⲉⲩϣⲱϣ eušōš | ⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ele- šōš |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϣⲱϣ etišōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ etekšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲱϣ etešōš | ⲉⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ etefšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ etesšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etetenšōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ etoušōš | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ete- šōš, etele- šōš |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϣⲱϣ naišōš | ⲛⲁⲕϣⲱϣ nakšōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ nalešōš | ⲛⲁϥϣⲱϣ nafšōš | ⲛⲁⲥϣⲱϣ nasšōš | ⲛⲁⲛϣⲱϣ nanšōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ naletenšōš | ⲛⲁⲩϣⲱϣ naušōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nale- šōš |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϣⲱϣ aišōš | ⲁⲕϣⲱϣ akšōš | ⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ alešōš | ⲁϥϣⲱϣ afšōš | ⲁⲥϣⲱϣ asšōš | ⲁⲛϣⲱϣ anšōš | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ aletenšōš | ⲁⲩϣⲱϣ aušōš | ⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ale- šōš |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉϣⲱϣ tinešōš | ⲕⲛⲉϣⲱϣ knešōš | ⲧⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ tenešōš | ϥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ fnešōš | ⲥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ snešōš | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ tennešōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ tetennešōš | ⲥⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ senešōš | ⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nešōš |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉϣⲱϣ einešōš | ⲉⲕⲛⲉϣⲱϣ eknešōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ elenešōš | ⲉϥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ efnešōš | ⲉⲥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ esnešōš | ⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ ennešōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ eletennešōš | ⲉⲩⲛⲉϣⲱϣ eunešōš | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϣⲱϣ ele- nešōš |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etinešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉϣⲱϣ eteknešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etenešōš | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etefnešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etesnešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etennešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etetennešōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etounešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etele- nešōš |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nainešōš | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉϣⲱϣ naknešōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nalenešōš | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nafnešōš | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nasnešōš | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nannešōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ naletennešōš | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉϣⲱϣ naunešōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nale- nešōš |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉϣⲱϣ ainešōš | ⲁⲕⲛⲉϣⲱϣ aknešōš | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ alenešōš | ⲁϥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ afnešōš | ⲁⲥⲛⲉϣⲱϣ asnešōš | ⲁⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ annešōš | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ aletennešōš | ⲁⲩⲛⲉϣⲱϣ aunešōš | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϣⲱϣ ale- nešōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϣⲱϣ aišōš | ⲁⲕϣⲱϣ akšōš | ⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ alešōš | ⲁϥϣⲱϣ afšōš | ⲁⲥϣⲱϣ asšōš | ⲁⲛϣⲱϣ anšōš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ atetenšōš | ⲁⲩϣⲱϣ aušōš | ⲁ- ϣⲱϣ a- šōš |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓϣⲱϣ mpišōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ mpekšōš | ⲙⲡⲉϣⲱϣ mpešōš | ⲙⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ mpefšōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ mpesšōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ mpenšōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ mpetenšōš | ⲙⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ mpoušōš | ⲙⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ mpe- šōš |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϣⲱϣ eaišōš | ⲉⲁⲕϣⲱϣ eakšōš | ⲉⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ ealešōš | ⲉⲁϥϣⲱϣ eafšōš | ⲉⲁⲥϣⲱϣ easšōš | ⲉⲁⲛϣⲱϣ eanšōš | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ eatetenšōš | ⲉⲁⲩϣⲱϣ eaušōš | ⲉⲁ- ϣⲱϣ ea- šōš |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓϣⲱϣ empišōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ empekšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϣⲱϣ empešōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ empefšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ empesšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ empenšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ empetenšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ empoušōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ empe- šōš |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓϣⲱϣ ntaišōš | ⲛⲧⲁⲕϣⲱϣ ntakšōš | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ ntalešōš | ⲛⲧⲁϥϣⲱϣ ntafšōš | ⲛⲧⲁⲥϣⲱϣ ntasšōš | ⲛⲧⲁⲛϣⲱϣ ntanšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etaletenšōš | ⲛⲧⲁⲩϣⲱϣ ntaušōš | ⲛⲧⲁ- ϣⲱϣ nta- šōš |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓϣⲱϣ etempišōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ etempekšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϣⲱϣ etempešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ etempefšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ etempesšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etempenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etempetenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ etempoušōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etempe- šōš |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓϣⲱϣ nneaišōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕϣⲱϣ nneakšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ nnealešōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥϣⲱϣ nneafšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥϣⲱϣ nneasšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛϣⲱϣ nneanšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nneatetenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩϣⲱϣ nneaušōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ϣⲱϣ nnea- šōš |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϣⲱϣ nnempišōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nnempekšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϣⲱϣ nnempešōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϣⲱϣ nnempefšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nnempesšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnempenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnempetenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ nnempoušōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nnempe- šōš |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓϣⲱϣ aaišōš | ⲁⲁⲕϣⲱϣ aakšōš | ⲁⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ aalešōš | ⲁⲁϥϣⲱϣ aafšōš | ⲁⲁⲥϣⲱϣ aasšōš | ⲁⲁⲛϣⲱϣ aanšōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etaletenšōš | ⲁⲁⲩϣⲱϣ aaušōš | ⲁⲁ- ϣⲱϣ aa- šōš |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ mpatišōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ mpatekšōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ mpatešōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ mpatefšōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ mpatesšōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ mpatenšōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ mpatetenšōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ mpatoušōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ mpate- šōš |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ empatišōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ empatekšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ empatešōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ empatefšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ empatesšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ empatenšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ empatetenšōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ empatoušōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ empate- šōš |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ etempatišōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ etempatekšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ etempatešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ etempatefšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ etempatesšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etempatenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etempatetenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ etempatoušōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etempate- šōš |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ nnempatišōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nnempatekšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ nnempatešōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ nnempatefšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nnempatesšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnempatenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnempatetenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ nnempatoušōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nnempate- šōš |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ šaišōš | ϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ šakšōš | ϣⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ šalešōš | ϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ šafšōš | ϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ šasšōš | ϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ šanšōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ šatetenšōš | ϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ šaušōš | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ šale- šōš |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓϣⲱϣ meišōš | ⲙⲉⲕϣⲱϣ mekšōš | ⲙⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ melešōš | ⲙⲉϥϣⲱϣ mefšōš | ⲙⲉⲥϣⲱϣ mesšōš | ⲙⲉⲛϣⲱϣ menšōš | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ meletenšōš | ⲙⲉⲩϣⲱϣ meušōš | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ mele- šōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ ešaišōš | ⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ ešakšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ ešalešōš | ⲉϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ ešafšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ ešasšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ ešanšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ešatetenšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ ešaušōš | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ešale- šōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓϣⲱϣ emeišōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲱϣ emekšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ emelešōš | ⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲱϣ emefšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲱϣ emesšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲱϣ emenšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ emeletenšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲱϣ emeušōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ emele- šōš |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ etešaišōš, nšaišōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ etešakšōš, nšakšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ etešalešōš, nšalešōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ etešafšōš, nšafšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ etešasšōš, nšasšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ etešanšōš, nšanšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etešatetenšōš, nšatetenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ etešaušōš, nšaušōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etešale- šōš, nšale- šōš |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓϣⲱϣ etemeišōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲱϣ etemekšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ etemelešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲱϣ etemefšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲱϣ etemesšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etemenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etemeletenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲱϣ etemeušōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etemele- šōš |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓϣⲱϣ nnešaišōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ nnešakšōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ nnešalešōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ nnešafšōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ nnešasšōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ nnešanšōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnešatetenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ nnešaušōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nnešale- šōš |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓϣⲱϣ nnemeišōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nnemekšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ nnemelešōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲱϣ nnemefšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nnemesšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnemenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnemeletenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲱϣ nnemeušōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nnemele- šōš |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓϣⲱϣ nmeišōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nmekšōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ nmelešōš | ⲛⲙⲉϥϣⲱϣ nmefšōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nmesšōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nmenšōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nmeletenšōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲩϣⲱϣ nmeušōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nmele- šōš |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϣⲱϣ eiešōš | ⲉⲕⲉϣⲱϣ ekešōš | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ elešōš | ⲉϥⲉϣⲱϣ efešōš | ⲉⲥⲉϣⲱϣ esešōš | ⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ enešōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ eletenešōš | ⲉⲩⲉϣⲱϣ euešōš | ⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ele- šōš |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nnašōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nnekšōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲱϣ nnešōš | ⲛⲛⲉϥϣⲱϣ nnefšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nnesšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnenšōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nnetenšōš | ⲛⲛⲟⲩϣⲱϣ nnoušōš | ⲛⲛⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nne- šōš |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓϣⲱϣ mališōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥϣⲱϣ malefšōš | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥϣⲱϣ malesšōš | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛϣⲱϣ malenšōš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩϣⲱϣ maloušōš | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ male- šōš |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓϣⲱϣ mpeltrišōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥϣⲱϣ mpeltrefšōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥϣⲱϣ mpeltresšōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛϣⲱϣ mpeltrenšōš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩϣⲱϣ mpeltreušōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ mpeltre- šōš |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁϣⲱϣ tašōš, ntašōš | ⲛⲕϣⲱϣ nkšōš | ⲛⲧⲉϣⲱϣ ntešōš | ⲛϥϣⲱϣ nfšōš | ⲛⲥϣⲱϣ nsšōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ntenšōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ntetenšōš | ⲛⲥⲉϣⲱϣ nsešōš | ⲛⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nte- šōš |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓϣⲱϣ tališōš, ntališōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕϣⲱϣ talekšōš, ntalekšōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ talešōš, ntalešōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥϣⲱϣ talefšōš, ntalefšōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥϣⲱϣ talesšōš, ntalesšōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛϣⲱϣ talenšōš, ntalenšōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ taletenšōš, ntaletenšōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩϣⲱϣ taloušōš, ntaloušōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ tale- šōš, ntale- šōš |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓϣⲱϣ ntelišōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕϣⲱϣ ntelekšōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϣⲱϣ ntelešōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥϣⲱϣ ntelefšōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥϣⲱϣ ntelesšōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛϣⲱϣ ntelenšōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nteletenšōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩϣⲱϣ nteloušōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ntele- šōš |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϣⲱϣ šantišōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲱϣ šantekšōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϣⲱϣ šantešōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲱϣ šantefšōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲱϣ šantesšōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ šantenšōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ šantetenšōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ šantoušōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ šante- šōš |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ eišanšōš | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ ekšanšōš | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ elešanšōš | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ efšanšōš | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ esšanšōš | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ enšanšōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ eletenšanšōš | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ eušanšōš | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϣⲱϣ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ϣⲱϣ elešan- šōš, elšan- šōš |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϣⲱϣ aišōš | ⲁⲕϣⲱϣ akšōš | ⲁⲗⲉϣⲱϣ alešōš | ⲁϥϣⲱϣ afšōš | ⲁⲥϣⲱϣ asšōš | ⲁⲛϣⲱϣ anšōš | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱϣ aletenšōš | ⲁⲩϣⲱϣ aušōš | ⲁⲗⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ale- šōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ϣⲱϣ šōš | imperative | affirmative | ϣⲱϣ šōš |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ϣⲱϣ tm̄šōš | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϣⲱϣ m̄pr̄šōš |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϣⲱϣ tišōš | ⲕϣⲱϣ kšōš | ⲧⲉϣⲱϣ tešōš | ϥϣⲱϣ fšōš | ⲥϣⲱϣ sšōš | ⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ tn̄šōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ tetn̄šōš | ⲥⲉϣⲱϣ sešōš | ϣⲱϣ šōš |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ eïšōš | ⲉⲕϣⲱϣ ekšōš | ⲉⲣⲉϣⲱϣ erešōš | ⲉϥϣⲱϣ efšōš | ⲉⲥϣⲱϣ esšōš | ⲉⲛϣⲱϣ enšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ etetn̄šōš | ⲉⲩϣⲱϣ eušōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ere- šōš |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϣⲱϣ etišōš | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϣⲱϣ etk̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϣⲱϣ etešōš, eterešōš | ⲉⲧϥ̄ϣⲱϣ etf̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϣⲱϣ ets̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ etn̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ etetn̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ etoušōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etere- šōš |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ neïšōš | ⲛⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nekšōš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉϣⲱϣ nerešōš | ⲛⲉϥϣⲱϣ nefšōš | ⲛⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nesšōš | ⲛⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nenšōš | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ netetn̄šōš | ⲛⲉⲩϣⲱϣ neušōš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nere- šōš |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϣⲱϣ tinašōš | ⲕⲛⲁϣⲱϣ knašōš | ⲧⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ tenašōš | ϥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ fnašōš | ⲥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ snašōš | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ tn̄našōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲱϣ tetnašōš | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ senašōš | ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ našōš |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ eïnašōš | ⲉⲕⲛⲁϣⲱϣ eknašōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ erenašōš | ⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ efnašōš | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ esnašōš | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ ennašōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etetnašōš | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϣⲱϣ eunašōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ ere- našōš |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etinašōš | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etk̄našōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etenašōš, eterenašōš | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etf̄našōš | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ ets̄našōš | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etn̄našōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etetnašōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etounašōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ etere- našōš |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ neïnašōš | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϣⲱϣ neknašōš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nerenašōš | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nefnašōš | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nesnašōš | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nennašōš | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲱϣ netetnašōš | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϣⲱϣ neunašōš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ nere- našōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ aïšōš | ⲁⲕϣⲱϣ akšōš | ⲁϣⲱϣ, ⲁⲣϣⲱϣ, ⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ ašōš, aršōš, arešōš | ⲁϥϣⲱϣ afšōš | ⲁⲥϣⲱϣ asšōš | ⲁⲛϣⲱϣ anšōš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ atetn̄šōš | ⲁⲩϣⲱϣ aušōš | ⲁ- ϣⲱϣ a- šōš |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϣⲱϣ m̄pišōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϣⲱϣ m̄pk̄šōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϣⲱϣ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϣⲱϣ m̄pešōš, m̄pr̄šōš | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϣⲱϣ m̄pf̄šōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϣⲱϣ m̄ps̄šōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ m̄pn̄šōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ m̄petn̄šōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ m̄poušōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ m̄pe- šōš |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ eaïšōš | ⲉⲁⲕϣⲱϣ eakšōš | ⲉⲁϣⲱϣ, ⲉⲁⲣϣⲱϣ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ eašōš, earšōš, earešōš | ⲉⲁϥϣⲱϣ eafšōš | ⲉⲁⲥϣⲱϣ easšōš | ⲉⲁⲛϣⲱϣ eanšōš | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ eatetn̄šōš | ⲉⲁⲩϣⲱϣ eaušōš | ⲉⲁ- ϣⲱϣ ea- šōš |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϣⲱϣ em̄pišōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϣⲱϣ em̄pk̄šōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϣⲱϣ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϣⲱϣ em̄pešōš, em̄pr̄šōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϣⲱϣ em̄pf̄šōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϣⲱϣ em̄ps̄šōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ em̄pn̄šōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ em̄petn̄šōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ em̄poušōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ em̄pe- šōš |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ entaïšōš, n̄taïšōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϣⲱϣ entakšōš, n̄takšōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϣⲱϣ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϣⲱϣ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ entašōš, n̄tašōš, entaršōš, n̄taršōš, entarešōš, n̄tarešōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱϣ entafšōš, n̄tafšōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϣⲱϣ entasšōš, n̄tasšōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϣⲱϣ entanšōš, n̄tanšōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ entatetn̄šōš, n̄tatetn̄šōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲱϣ entaušōš, n̄taušōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϣⲱϣ enta- šōš, n̄ta- šōš |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϣⲱϣ etem̄pišōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϣⲱϣ etem̄pk̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϣⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϣⲱϣ etem̄pešōš, etem̄pr̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϣⲱϣ etem̄pf̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϣⲱϣ etem̄ps̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ etem̄pn̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ etem̄petn̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ etem̄poušōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etem̄pe- šōš |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ neaïšōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϣⲱϣ neakšōš | ⲛⲉⲁϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ neašōš, nearšōš, nearešōš | ⲛⲉⲁϥϣⲱϣ neafšōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϣⲱϣ neasšōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϣⲱϣ neanšōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ neatetn̄šōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϣⲱϣ neaušōš | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϣⲱϣ nea- šōš |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϣⲱϣ nem̄pišōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϣⲱϣ nem̄pk̄šōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϣⲱϣ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϣⲱϣ nem̄pešōš, nem̄pr̄šōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϣⲱϣ nem̄pf̄šōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϣⲱϣ nem̄ps̄šōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ nem̄pn̄šōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ nem̄petn̄šōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϣⲱϣ nem̄poušōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nem̄pe- šōš |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ n̄taïšōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϣⲱϣ n̄takšōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ n̄tašōš, n̄taršōš, n̄tarešōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲱϣ n̄tafšōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϣⲱϣ n̄tasšōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϣⲱϣ n̄tanšōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ n̄tatetn̄šōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲱϣ n̄taušōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϣⲱϣ n̄ta- šōš |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ m̄patišōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϣⲱϣ m̄patk̄šōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ m̄patešōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϣⲱϣ m̄patf̄šōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϣⲱϣ m̄pats̄šōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ m̄patn̄šōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ m̄patetn̄šōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ m̄patoušōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ m̄pate- šōš |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ em̄patišōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϣⲱϣ em̄patk̄šōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ em̄patešōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϣⲱϣ em̄patf̄šōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϣⲱϣ em̄pats̄šōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ em̄patn̄šōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ em̄patetn̄šōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ em̄patoušōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ em̄pate- šōš |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ etem̄patišōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϣⲱϣ etem̄patk̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ etem̄patešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϣⲱϣ etem̄patf̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϣⲱϣ etem̄pats̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ etem̄patn̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ etem̄patetn̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ etem̄patoušōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etem̄pate- šōš |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϣⲱϣ nem̄patišōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϣⲱϣ nem̄patk̄šōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲱϣ nem̄patešōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϣⲱϣ nem̄patf̄šōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϣⲱϣ nem̄pats̄šōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ nem̄patn̄šōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ nem̄patetn̄šōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ nem̄patoušōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nem̄pate- šōš |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ šaïšōš | ϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ šakšōš | ϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ šarešōš | ϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ šafšōš | ϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ šasšōš | ϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ šanšōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ šatetn̄šōš | ϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ šaušōš | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ šare- šōš |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ meïšōš | ⲙⲉⲕϣⲱϣ mekšōš | ⲙⲉⲣⲉϣⲱϣ merešōš | ⲙⲉϥϣⲱϣ mefšōš | ⲙⲉⲥϣⲱϣ mesšōš | ⲙⲉⲛϣⲱϣ menšōš | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ metetn̄šōš | ⲙⲉⲩϣⲱϣ meušōš | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ mere- šōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ ešaïšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ ešakšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ ešarešōš | ⲉϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ ešafšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ ešasšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ ešanšōš | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ ešatetn̄šōš | ⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ ešaušōš | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ešare- šōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ emeïšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲱϣ emekšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϣⲱϣ emerešōš | ⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲱϣ emefšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲱϣ emesšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲱϣ emenšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ emetetn̄šōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲱϣ emeušōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ emere- šōš |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ etešaïšōš, ešaïšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ etešakšōš, ešakšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ etešarešōš, ešarešōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ etešafšōš, ešafšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ etešasšōš, ešasšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ etešanšōš, ešanšōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ etešatetn̄šōš, ešatetn̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ etešaušōš, ešaušōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etešare- šōš, ešare- šōš |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ etemeïšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲱϣ etemekšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϣⲱϣ etemerešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲱϣ etemefšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲱϣ etemesšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲱϣ etemenšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ etemetetn̄šōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲱϣ etemeušōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ etemere- šōš |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ nešaïšōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲱϣ nešakšōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ nešarešōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϣⲱϣ nešafšōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲱϣ nešasšōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ nešanšōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ nešatetn̄šōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲱϣ nešaušōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nešare- šōš |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ nemeïšōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲱϣ nemekšōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϣⲱϣ nemerešōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲱϣ nemefšōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲱϣ nemesšōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲱϣ nemenšōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ nemetetn̄šōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲱϣ nemeušōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ nemere- šōš |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ emeïšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲱϣ emekšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϣⲱϣ emerešōš | ⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲱϣ emefšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲱϣ emesšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲱϣ emenšōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ emetetn̄šōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲱϣ emeušōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ emere- šōš |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉϣⲱϣ eïešōš | ⲉⲕⲉϣⲱϣ ekešōš | ⲉⲣⲉϣⲱϣ erešōš | ⲉϥⲉϣⲱϣ efešōš | ⲉⲥⲉϣⲱϣ esešōš | ⲉⲛⲉϣⲱϣ enešōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉϣⲱϣ etetnešōš | ⲉⲩⲉϣⲱϣ euešōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ere- šōš |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϣⲱϣ n̄našōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕϣⲱϣ n̄nekšōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϣⲱϣ n̄nešōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϣⲱϣ n̄nefšōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥϣⲱϣ n̄nesšōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛϣⲱϣ n̄nenšōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ n̄netn̄šōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϣⲱϣ n̄neušōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ϣⲱϣ n̄ne- šōš |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϣⲱϣ marišōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲱϣ marefšōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲱϣ maresšōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ marn̄šōš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϣⲱϣ maroušōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ mare- šōš |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁϣⲱϣ m̄pr̄trašōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥϣⲱϣ m̄pr̄trefšōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥϣⲱϣ m̄pr̄tresšōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛϣⲱϣ m̄pr̄trenšōš | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩϣⲱϣ m̄pr̄treušōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ m̄pr̄tre- šōš |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϣⲱϣ, ⲧⲁϣⲱϣ n̄tašōš, tašōš | ⲛ̄ⲅϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲕϣⲱϣ n̄gšōš, n̄kšōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϣⲱϣ n̄tešōš | ⲛ̄ϥϣⲱϣ n̄fšōš | ⲛ̄ⲥϣⲱϣ n̄sšōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ n̄tn̄šōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ n̄tetn̄šōš | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϣⲱϣ n̄sešōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ n̄te- šōš |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϣⲱϣ tarišōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϣⲱϣ tarekšōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲱϣ tarešōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲱϣ tarefšōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲱϣ taresšōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ tarn̄šōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ taretn̄šōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϣⲱϣ taroušōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ tare- šōš |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓϣⲱϣ n̄terišōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕϣⲱϣ n̄terekšōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣϣⲱϣ n̄terešōš, n̄tereršōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥϣⲱϣ n̄terefšōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϣⲱϣ n̄teresšōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛϣⲱϣ n̄tern̄šōš, n̄terenšōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ n̄teretn̄šōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϣⲱϣ n̄teroušōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ n̄tere- šōš |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϣⲱϣ šantišōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϣⲱϣ šantk̄šōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϣⲱϣ šantešōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϣⲱϣ šantf̄šōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϣⲱϣ šants̄šōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ šantn̄šōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ šantetn̄šōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲱϣ šantoušōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϣⲱϣ šante- šōš |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ eïšanšōš | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ ekšanšōš | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ eršanšōš, erešanšōš | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ efšanšōš | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ esšanšōš | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ enšanšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ etetn̄šanšōš | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϣⲱϣ eušanšōš | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ϣⲱϣ eršan- šōš |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲱϣ eïšōš | ⲉⲕϣⲱϣ ekšōš | ⲉⲣⲉϣⲱϣ erešōš | ⲉϥϣⲱϣ efšōš | ⲉⲥϣⲱϣ esšōš | ⲉⲛϣⲱϣ enšōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲱϣ etetn̄šōš | ⲉⲩϣⲱϣ eušōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲱϣ ere- šōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### Etymology 3
#### Alternative forms

* ⲥⲱϣⲉ (sōše) — Sahidic
* ⳉⲱⳉ (xōx) — Akhmimic

#### Verb

ϣⲱϣ • (šōš) (nominal state (B, S) ϣⲉϣ-, pronominal state (B, S) ϣⲁϣ⸗, or (B, S) ϣⲟϣ⸗, or (F) ϣⲉϣ⸗, stative ϣⲏϣ)
* (Bohairic, Fayyumic, Sahidic, Lycopolitan, transitive) to make equal, level, strait

#### Noun

ϣⲱϣ • (šōš) m
* (Bohairic) equality, sameness

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

ϣⲱϣ • (šōš) (nominal state ϣⲉϣ-, or (S) ϣⲱϣ-, stative ϣⲏϣ)
* (Bohairic, Sahidic, intransitive) to twist (a rope)

### Etymology 5
#### Noun

ϣⲱϣ • (šōš) f
* (Bohairic) fork or rake (used to separate grain from chaff)

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, pages 375, 605, 606, 607
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 170, 259