# 恬

| 恬 | U+606C, &#24684; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-606C |
| ← 恫 [U+606B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 恭 → [U+606D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

恬 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心竹十口 (PHJR), four-corner 9206$_4$, composition ⿰忄舌)

#### Derived characters

* 湉, 𦳇

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10595
* Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2296, character 5
* Unihan data for U+606C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 銛 | *koːd, *slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ |
| 栝 | *koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ |
| 餂 | *l̥ʰeːmʔ |
| 恬 | *l'eːm |
| 湉 | *l'eːm |
| 甜 | *l'iːm |
| 狧 | *l̥ʰaːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːm) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + abbreviated phonetic 甜 (OC *l'iːm).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tián (tian$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tim$^4$ / tim$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiâm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tiam$^5$ / tiang$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tián
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tián
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^2$
*** Yale: tyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyan
*** Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tim$^4$ / tim$^5$
*** Yale: tìhm / tíhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tim$^4$ / tim$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tim$^4$ / tim$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiːm²¹/, /tʰiːm¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâm
*** Tâi-lô: tiâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diaam
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiam¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /tiam²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tiam$^5$ / tiang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiâm / thiâng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiam⁵⁵/, /tʰiaŋ⁵⁵/
* tiam5 - Chaozhou;
* tiang5 - Chenghai.
* Middle Chinese: dem
Rime :
| Character | 恬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 添 (157) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 徒兼切 |
| Baxter | dem |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dem/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dem/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛm/ |
| Li Rong | /dem/ |
| Wang Li | /diem/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱiem/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tim$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'eːm/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 恬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12406 |
| Phonetic component | 甜 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 甜 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'eːm/ |

#### Definitions

恬
* quiet; calm; tranquil; peaceful
* simple and contented; indifferent to fame or gain
* unperturbed; indifferent; not caring of

##### Synonyms

* 和平 (hépíng)
* 嗼寂 (mòjì)
* 安恬 (āntián) (literary)
* 安生 (ānshēng)
* 安謐／安谧 (ānmì) (literary)
* 安靖 (ānjìng) (literary)
* 安靜／安静 (ānjìng)
* 寂寥 (jìliáo)
* 寂寞 (jìmò)
* 寂然 (jìrán) (literary)
* 寂靜／寂静 (jìjìng)
* 寧靜／宁静 (níngjìng)
* 平和
* 平靜／平静 (píngjìng)
* 幽靜／幽静 (yōujìng)
* 恬倓 (tiántán)
* 恬淡 (tiándàn)
* 恬謐／恬谧 (tiánmì) (literary)
* 恬靜／恬静 (tiánjìng)
* 悄悄 (qiāoqiāo)
* 沉寂 (chénjì)
* 沉靜／沉静 (chénjìng)
* 清淨／清净 (qīngjìng)
* 清靜／清静 (qīngjìng)
* 自靜／自静 (zi$^3$ jing$^2$) (Jin)
* 靜寂／静寂 (jìngjì)
* 靜寂寂／静寂寂 (Hokkien)
* 靜悄悄／静悄悄 (jìngqiāoqiāo)
* 靜生生／静生生 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

#### Compounds

* 平和恬淡
* 心曠神恬／心旷神恬
* 恬不為怪／恬不为怪
* 恬不為意／恬不为意
* 恬不知怪
* 恬不知恥／恬不知耻 (tiánbùzhīchǐ)
* 恬和
* 恬恬
* 恬愉
* 恬淡 (tiándàn)
* 恬淡寡欲
* 恬淡無欲／恬淡无欲
* 恬淡無為／恬淡无为
* 恬澹
* 恬然 (tiánrán)
* 恬然不恥／恬然不耻
* 恬謐／恬谧 (tiánmì)
* 恬退
* 恬逸 (tiányì)
* 恬適／恬适
* 恬靜／恬静 (tiánjìng)
* 文恬武嬉 (wéntián wǔxī)
* 浪恬波靜／浪恬波静
* 浪靜風恬／浪静风恬
* 清恬
* 蒙恬
* 蒙恬造筆／蒙恬造笔
* 風恬日朗／风恬日朗
* 風恬月朗／风恬月朗
* 風恬浪靜／风恬浪静

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tiâm
    (Hailu, HRS): diam$^ˋ$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiām / tiǎm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): diam$^7$ / diang$^7$
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tiâm
*** Hakka Romanization System: diam$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: diam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ti̯am²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: diam$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /tiam⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiām
*** Tâi-lô: tiām
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diam
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiam³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /tiam²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǎm
*** Tâi-lô: tiǎm
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiam²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: diam$^7$ / diang$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiām / tiāng
*** Sinological IPA : /tiam¹¹/, /tiaŋ¹¹/
* diam7 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang;
* diang7 - Chenghai.

#### Definitions

恬
* (Southern Min, Hakka) quiet; silent; calm
    恬喙！ [Hokkien] ― Tiām chhùi! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Be quiet! / Shut up!

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 住口, 住嘴, 閉嘴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 閉嘴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 閉嘴 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 閉嘴, 靜靜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 閉嘴 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 收聲, 收口, 收嗲, 收皮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 收聲, 收口, 收嗲, 收皮 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 收聲, 收嗲 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 合嘴 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 恬去 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 恬 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 恬 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 恬 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 關喙 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 關脫 |

#### See also

* 恬恬

### References

* “Entry #4919”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* nonchalant

#### Readings

* Go-on: でん (den)
* Kan-on: てん (ten)
* Kun: やすい (yasui, 恬い)、やすらか (yasuraka, 恬らか)
* Nanori: しずか (shizuka)

## Korean
### Hanja

恬 • (nyeom>yeom) (hangeul 념>염, revised nyeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer nyŏm>yŏm, Yale nyem>yem)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

恬: Hán Nôm readings: điềm, đềm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.