# philtrum
## English
### Alternative forms

* filtrum

### Etymology

Borrowed from the Latin philtrum (“a love potion”), from Ancient Greek φῐ́λτρον (phíltron, “a love charm; the dimple in the upper lip”). Doublet of philter.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɪl.tɹəm/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

philtrum (plural philtra or philtrums)
* (anatomy) The shallow vertical groove running from the nasal septum to the center of the upper lip.
    Synonym: infranasal depression
** 2005, M. L. Kulkarni, Physical Examination of Children (Clinical Methods in Paediatrics; 2B)‎, India: Jaypee Brothers, page 142:Oral intercommissural distance (mouth width) and philtrum length are useful measurements for diagnosis of wide or large mouth (macrostomia), small mouth (microstomia), long philtrum and short philtrum and form ‘good handles’ in syndromic delineation.
** 2007, Loren J. Borud, Arin K. Greene, “Chapter 24: Lip Reconstruction”, in Josef E. Fischer, Kirby I. Bland, Mark P. Callery, editors, Mastery of Surgery‎, 5th edition, volume 1, page 301, column 3:Upper lip reconstruction is more difficult than lower lip reconstruction because the upper lip has a central structure, the philtrum. […] Wounds adjacent to the philtrum that are closed primarily may shift the philtrum to the affected side. However, with time, the philtrum will tend to return to its midline position.
** 2011, Hrishikesh Dubey, Mysteries of Vedic Face Reading‎, Categorization of the Philtrum According to Its Length:If the philtrum is long and deep, then these people are very romantic, sexual, lively and friendly.
* (zootomy) The junction between the two halves of an animal's upper lip or nose.

#### Derived terms

* jestrum

#### Translations
### See also

* Cupid's bow

### References

* “philtrum”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “philtrum”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* Henry Gray (1918) “XII. Surface Anatomy and Surface Markings”, in Anatomy of the Human Body‎, 2. Surface Markings of Special Regions of the Head and Neck

## French
### Etymology

From the Ancient Greek φίλτρον (phíltron), from φιλέω (philéō, “to love, to kiss”).

### Noun

philtrum m (plural philtrums)
* philtrum

### Further reading

* “philtrum”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φῐ́λτρον (phíltron, “a love charm”), derived from φῐλέω (philéō, “to love; to kiss”) +‎ -τρον (-tron, instrument noun suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpʰil.trum/, [ˈpʰɪɫ̪t̪rʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfil.trum/, [ˈfil̪t̪rum]

### Noun

philtrum n (genitive philtrī); second declension
* (poetic, in the plural) love potion, philter

#### Inflection

Second-declension noun (neuter).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | philtrum | philtra |
| Genitive | philtrī | philtrōrum |
| Dative | philtrō | philtrīs |
| Accusative | philtrum | philtra |
| Ablative | philtrō | philtrīs |
| Vocative | philtrum | philtra |

#### Descendants

* → English: philter, philtrum
* French: feutre
* → Italian: filtro
* Sicilian: firtru
* → French: philtre (learned)

### References

* “philtrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* philtrum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.