# 子孫
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zǐsūn
    (Zhuyin): ㄗˇ ㄙㄨㄣ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zi$^2$ syun$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): du$^2$ lhun$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳ́-sûn
    (Hailu, HRS): zii$^ˊ$ sun$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zi$^3$ sun$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chú-sun / chír-sun
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǐsūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗˇ ㄙㄨㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǐhsun
*** Wade–Giles: tzŭ$^3$-sun$^1$
*** Yale: dž-swūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyysuen
*** Palladius: цзысунь (czysunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯ən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^2$ syun$^1$
*** Yale: jí syūn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^2$ syn$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^2$ xun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː³⁵ syːn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: du$^2$ lhun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tu⁵⁵ ɬun³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́-sûn
*** Hakka Romanization System: zii$^ˋ$ sun$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zi$^3$ sun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ³¹ sun²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zii$^ˊ$ sun$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ²⁴⁻³³ sun⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zi$^3$ sun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sz̩³¹ sun⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chú-sun
*** Tâi-lô: tsú-sun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zwswn
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sun⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chír-sun
*** Tâi-lô: tsír-sun
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sun³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsiX swon
Rime :
| Character | 子 | 孫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 即里切 | 思渾切 |
| Baxter | tsiX | swon |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ | /suən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ | /suon/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sie$^X$/ | /suən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ | /swən/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siə$^X$/ | /suən/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭə$^X$/ | /suən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡si$^X$/ | /suən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zǐ | sūn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^2$ | syun$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsəʔ [s]ˤu[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯʔ suːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 子 | 孫 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zǐ | sūn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsi$^X$ › | ‹ swon › |
| Old Chinese | /*tsəʔ/ | /*[s]ˁu[n]/ |
| English | child; gentleman, master | grandchild; descendant |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 子 | 孫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17857 | 12178 |
| Phonetic component | 子 | 孫 |
| Rime group | 之 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 子 | 孫 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔslɯʔ/ | /*suːn/ |

### Noun

子孫
* children and grandchildren; descendants
    子孫後代／子孙后代 ― zǐsūn hòudài ― future generations
    遺禍子孫／遗祸子孙 ― yíhuò zǐsūn ― to harm future generations

#### Synonyms

* 下輩／下辈 (xiàbèi)
* 仔孫／仔孙 (zai$^2$ syun$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 兒孫／儿孙 (érsūn)
* 囝孫／囝孙 (Min)
* 子胤 (zǐyìn) (literary)
* 孫子／孙子 (literary)
* 後人／后人 (hòurén)
* 後代／后代 (hòudài)
* 後嗣／后嗣 (hòusì)
* 後生／后生 (hòushēng) (literary)
* 後裔／后裔 (hòuyì)
* 根 (gēn) (figurative)
* 緒餘／绪余 (xùyú) (literary)
* 苗 (miáo) (literary, or in compounds)
* 遺裔／遗裔 (yíyì) (literary)
* 餘緒／余绪 (yúxù) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 不肖子孫／不肖子孙 (bùxiào zǐsūn)
* 吃子孫飯／吃子孙饭
* 子子孫孫／子子孙孙 (zǐzǐsūnsūn)
* 子孫根／子孙根 (zǐsūngēn)
* 子孫桶／子孙桶
* 子孫滿堂／子孙满堂 (zǐsūnmǎntáng)
* 德流子孫／德流子孙
* 慶流子孫／庆流子孙
* 炎黃子孫／炎黄子孙 (Yán-Huáng zǐsūn)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 子(し)孫(そん) (shison)
* → Korean: 자손(子孫) (jason)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 子 | 孫 |
| し Grade: 1 | そん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しそん [shíꜜsòǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕisõ̞ɴ]

### Noun

子(し)孫(そん) • (shison)
* descendant, scion
    Synonyms: 後裔 (kōei), 孫子 (magoko)
    Antonyms: 先祖 (senzo), 父祖 (fuso)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN