# بزرقطونا
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* زَرْقَطُونَا (zarqaṭūnā) — al-Andalus, Morocco
* بَذَرْقَطُونَا (baḏarqaṭūnā), بَذْرَقَطُونَا (baḏraqaṭūnā), بَزْر قَطُونَا (bazr qaṭūnā), بَذْر قَطُونَا (baḏr qaṭūnā)

### Etymology

From Classical Syriac ܙܪܱܥ ܩܱܛܘܿܢܳܐ (zəraʿ qaṭṭōnā, “fleawort, Plantago afra”, literally “kitten seed”), or rather ܙܪܱܥ ܩܷܛܘܿܢܳܐ (zəraʿ qeṭōnā, literally “flea seed”), and reinterpreted as containing بَزْر (bazr, “seed”) or بَذْر (baḏr, “seed”), since the ispaghul’s seeds are the main use of the plant.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.zar.qa.tˤuː.naː/, /baz.ra.qa.tˤuː.naː/

### Noun

بَزَرْقَطُونَا or بَزْرَقَطُونَا • (bazarqaṭūnā or bazraqaṭūnā) f
* fleawort, Plantago afra syn. Plantago psyllium
    Hypernyms: لِسَان الْحَمَل (lisān al-ḥamal), لِسَان الْخَرُوف (lisān al-ḵarūf), ذَنَب الْفَأْر (ḏanab al-faʔr)
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 33, page 619:وَإِذَا عَرَضَ لِلدَّابَّةِ الْقَلَقُ بِسَبَبِ الْوَجَعِ الَّذِي فِيهَا وَكَانَ يُكْثَرُ التَمَرُّغُ فَيُؤْخَذُ بَزْرُ قَطُونَا أُوقِيَّةً وَجَوَاشِيرٌ نِصْفَ أُوقِيَّةٍ وَيَسَارَةُ قَرْنِ الأيَّلِ يُخْلَطُ ذٰلِكَ مَعَ عَسَلٍ وَماءٍ قَدْ طُبِخَ فِيهِ النَعْنَعُ وَأَطْرَافُ شَجَرَةِ الْغَارِ وَيُوجَرُ الدَابَّةُ بِهٰذِهِ.waʔiḏā ʕaraḍa li-d-dābbati l-qalaqu bi-sababi l-wajaʕi llaḏī fī-hā wa-kāna yukṯaru t-tamarruḡu fa-yuʔḵaḏu bazru qaṭūnā ʔūqiyyatan wa-jawāšīrun niṣfa ʔūqiyyatin wa-yasāratu qarni l-ʔuyyali yuḵlaṭu ḏālika maʕa ʕasalin wa-māʔin qad ṭubiḵa fī-hi n-naʕnaʕu wa-ʔaṭrāfu šajarati l-ḡāri wa-yūjaru d-dābbatu bi-hāḏihī.If the beast shows signs of unrest because of pain in it and it wallows much one takes an ounce of ispaghula, half an ounce of opopanax, and a bit of deer horn and mixes it with honey and water in which one has sodden mint and laurel leaves and puts the beast to ingest it orally.

#### Descendants

* → Middle Armenian: բզրկատուն (bzrkatun)
* → Persian: بزر قطونا (bazr-i qatûnâ)
* → Ottoman Turkish: بزر قطونا (bezr-i katuna)

### References

* بزرقطونا on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{ar}$
* Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), “BZRQṬN”, in Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 140
* Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), “ZRQṬN”, in Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 583
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “بزر قطونا / بَزَرْقَطُونَاء / بَزَرْقَطُونَا”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 81
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “زَرْقَطُونَا”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 589
* Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎ (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, pages 314–315
* Löw, Immanuel (1916) “Bemerkungen zu Budge’s „The Syriac Book of Medicines“”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 70, pages 526, line 24–35
* Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 63–64
* “zrˁ**qṭwnˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–