# 敗勢
## Chinese
### Etymology

From Hokkien 歹勢／歹势 (pháiⁿ-sè).

### Pronunciation

* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phài-se
    (Hailu, HRS): pai$^˖$ she$^ˇ$
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phài-se
*** Hakka Romanization System: pai$^ˇ$ se
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pai$^2$ se$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰai̯¹¹ se⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: pai$^˖$ she$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰai³³ ʃe¹¹/

### Interjection

敗勢
* (Taiwanese Hakka) sorry; excuse me
       Phài-se! M̀-tú-hó lâu ǹg ke chhâ-é chhong-fái lé. [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]
       Sorry, [I] accidentally broke your car.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jilin | 對不住 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 對不起 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 對不起 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 對不起 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 對不住 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xingtai | 對不住 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 對不起, 對不住 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 對不起 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 對不起 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 對不起, 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhumadian | 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhoukou | 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Nanyang | 對不起, 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linyi | 對不起, 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 對不起, 不好意思 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 對不起, 外氣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Kaifeng | 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 對不起, 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xianyang | 對不起 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 擔持 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 對不起 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 對不起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 對不起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 對不起, 對不住, 不好意思, 抱歉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 對不起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Lhasa | 對不起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 對不起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 不好意思 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 對沒起, 沒好意思 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 對不起 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 對不起 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Taizhou | 對不起 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 對不起 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 對不住 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 對唔住 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 對唔住, sorry, sor informal |
| Cantonese | Macau | 對唔住 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 對唔住 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 對冇住 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 對唔住 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 對唔住 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 不好得的 |
| Gan | Yichun | 對不住 |
| Gan | Ji'an | 難為你 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 對唔住 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 唔好意思 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 失禮, 敗勢, 斯里麻生 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 失禮, 壞勢, 斯里麻生 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 失禮, 敗勢, 斯里麻生 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 失禮, 敗勢, 歪勢, 斯里麻生 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 失禮, 敗勢, 斯里麻生 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 失禮, 歹勢, 斯里麻生 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 敗勢 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 對不起 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 對伓住 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 對不住 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 對不住 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 歹勢, 對不住, 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 歹勢, 對不住 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 䆀勢, 對不住 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 失禮, 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 失禮, 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 失禮, 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 失禮, 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 歹勢, sorry |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹勢, 對毋住, sorry |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 歹勢, 對不住 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 對唔住 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 對唔住 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 對唔住, 歹勢 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 勿好意思, 對勿起 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) | 對勿起 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 對勿起 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) | 對勿起 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 對勿起 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 對勿住 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 對弗起 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 對弗住 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 對弗起 |
| Wu | Taicang | 抱歉 |
| Wu | Zhangjiagang | 對弗起 |
| Wu | Haining (Xiashi) | 對勿住 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 對勿起 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 對不起 |
| Wu | Tonglu | 對勿住 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 對勿住 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 交代勿過, 勿好意思 |
| Wu | Yuyao | 對勿住, 交代勿過 |
| Wu | Cixi | 交代弗過 |
| Wu | Taizhou (Jiaojiang) | 對弗住 |
| Wu | Linhai | 對弗住 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 對否起 |
| Wu | Rui'an | 對否起 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 對弗住, 弗好意思 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 對不住 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 對不住 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 不好意思 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 不好意思 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 不好意思 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 不好意思 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 唔好意思 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 唔好意思 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 唔好意思 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 唔好意思 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 唔好意思 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 敗勢 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 壞勢 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 敗勢 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 敗勢, 歪勢 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 敗勢 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 歹勢 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 唔好意思 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 敗勢 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 䆀勢 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 歹勢, 無好意思 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 孬意思 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 孬意思 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 孬意思 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 孬意思, 歹勢 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 勿好意思 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 不好意思 |

### References

* 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.