# 積極的
## Chinese
### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 積(せっ)極(きょく)的(てき) (sekkyokuteki).

### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chek-ke̍k-tek
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek-ke̍k-tek
*** Tâi-lô: tsik-ki̍k-tik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zekkegdeg
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² tiɪk̚³²/

### Adjective

積極的
* (Taiwanese Hokkien, dated) active (in contrast to passive)
    From: 1928 April, 陳金然, 束縛才是自由, in 台灣教會報, issue 517 (originally in Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
    Siōng-tè khòaⁿ sè-kan lâng ê chhám-chōng, I chiū chiâⁿ I ê chí-ì, chiong to̍k-seⁿ Kiáⁿ Iâ-so͘ lâi kiàn-siat sin ê lu̍t-hoat, sī chek-ke̍k-tek ê, chiū-sī "tio̍h...." ê kài-bēng lah! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    When God saw the wretched state of humanity, He fulfilled His will, allowing His Only Son Jesus to establish the new law, which is active, the commandments of "do..."!
    From: 1933 September, 潘道榮, 努力！奮鬥！, in 台灣教會公報, issue 582 (originally in Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
    Khó-sioh ta̍k-pái ê Tâi-hoē sī kan-ta chhú Hiān-chōng î-chhî ê chèng-chhek, tì-kàu bē-thang chek-ke̍k-tek ê chìn-hêng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 1941 September, 吳天命, 著背十字架, in 台灣教會公報, issue 678 (originally in Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
    Jîn-keh chiū beh hiòng siōng lâi ji̍p tī kám-siā hoaⁿ-hí moá-moá ê chek-ke̍k-tek seng-gâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 1952 April, 董大成, 羅馬字運動, in 台灣教會公報, issue 760 (originally in Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
    Hit ê bo̍k-tek sī beh koh-khah chek-ke̍k-tek chhui-hêng Lô-má-jī tī kàu-hōe lāi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The goal is to promote Romanization in the church more actively.
    From: 1964 January, Iông-bêng, 成功的路, in 台灣教會公報, issue 926 (originally in Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
    Kim-àm goá teh thiaⁿ lí ê oē, thiaⁿ-tio̍h lí teh kóng chek-ke̍k-tek só͘ siūⁿ ê le̍k-liōng ê tāi-chì. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Usage notes

In this word borrowed from Japanese, 的 is a suffix, not a particle; it can be used before the native Hokkien particle 的 (ê) (see citations).

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 積 | 極 | 的 |
| せき > せっ Grade: 4 | きょく Grade: 4 | てき Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi |||

### Etymology

Compound of 積極 (sekkyoku, “positive procession towards an objective; the positive pole”) +‎ 的 (-teki, adjective-forming suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せっきょくてき [sèkkyókútékí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [se̞k̚ʲkʲo̞kɯ̟te̞kʲi]

### Adjective

積(せっ)極(きょく)的(てき) • (sekkyokuteki) -na (adnominal 積(せっ)極(きょく)的(てき)な (sekkyokuteki na), adverbial 積(せっ)極(きょく)的(てき)に (sekkyokuteki ni))
* proactive, positive, active, constructive

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 積極的だろ | せっきょくてきだろ | sekkyokuteki daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 積極的で | せっきょくてきで | sekkyokuteki de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 積極的だ | せっきょくてきだ | sekkyokuteki da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 積極的な | せっきょくてきな | sekkyokuteki na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 積極的なら | せっきょくてきなら | sekkyokuteki nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 積極的であれ | せっきょくてきであれ | sekkyokuteki de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 積極的ではない 積極的じゃない | せっきょくてきではない せっきょくてきじゃない | sekkyokuteki de wa nai sekkyokuteki ja nai |
| Informal past | 積極的だった | せっきょくてきだった | sekkyokuteki datta |
| Informal negative past | 積極的ではなかった 積極的じゃなかった | せっきょくてきではなかった せっきょくてきじゃなかった | sekkyokuteki de wa nakatta sekkyokuteki ja nakatta |
| Formal | 積極的です | せっきょくてきです | sekkyokuteki desu |
| Formal negative | 積極的ではありません 積極的じゃありません | せっきょくてきではありません せっきょくてきじゃありません | sekkyokuteki de wa arimasen sekkyokuteki ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 積極的でした | せっきょくてきでした | sekkyokuteki deshita |
| Formal negative past | 積極的ではありませんでした 積極的じゃありませんでした | せっきょくてきではありませんでした せっきょくてきじゃありませんでした | sekkyokuteki de wa arimasen deshita sekkyokuteki ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 積極的で | せっきょくてきで | sekkyokuteki de |
| Conditional | 積極的なら（ば） | せっきょくてきなら（ば） | sekkyokuteki nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 積極的だったら | せっきょくてきだったら | sekkyokuteki dattara |
| Volitional | 積極的だろう | せっきょくてきだろう | sekkyokuteki darō |
| Adverbial | 積極的に | せっきょくてきに | sekkyokuteki ni |
| Degree | 積極的さ | せっきょくてきさ | sekkyokutekisa |

#### Antonyms

* 消極的(しょうきょくてき) (shōkyokuteki)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN