# 患

| 患 | U+60A3, &#24739; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60A3 |
| ← 悢 [U+60A2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 悤 → [U+60A4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

患 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中中心 (LLP), four-corner 5033$_6$, composition ⿱串心)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 388, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10691
* Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2300, character 9
* Unihan data for U+60A3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 漶 | *ɡoːns |
| 贃 | *qroːns |
| 患 | *ɡroːns |
| 槵 | *ɡroːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡroːns) : phonetic 串 (OC *kroːns, *kʰjons) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
Since Shuowen does not have the character 串, it interprets the character as phonetic 吅 (OC *qʰon, *sqʰon, *sɢoŋs) + semantic 丨 + semantic 心 (“heart”) – to pierce through something from the heart. Duan Yucai claims in his commentary that older copies of Shuowen actually have phonetic 毌 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “to pierce through”) + semantic 心 (“heart”) instead.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huàn (huan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): waan$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): van$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fam
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fam$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): hūing
* Eastern Min (BUC): huâng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): huang$^5$ / huong$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huam$^6$ / huang$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huàn
*** Wade–Giles: huan$^4$
*** Yale: hwàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huann
*** Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯än⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waan$^6$
*** Yale: waahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wan$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /waːn²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: van$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /van³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam
*** Hakka Romanization System: fam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fam⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fam⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hūing
*** Sinological IPA : /xuiŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huâng
*** Sinological IPA : /huɑŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: huang$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: huong$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /huoŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
*** Tâi-lô: huān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /huan²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /huan³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huam$^6$ / huang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăm / huăng
*** Sinological IPA : /huam³⁵/, /huaŋ³⁵/
* huam6 - Chaozhou;
* huang6 - Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping, Puning.
* Middle Chinese: hwaenH
Rime :
| Character | 患 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (70) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 胡慣切 |
| Baxter | hwaenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠuan$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷᵚan$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɐn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwaɨn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuan$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣwan$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣwan$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | waan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤro[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡroːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 患 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwæn$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁro[n]-s/ |
| English | calamity; distress |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 患 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5364 |
| Phonetic component | 患 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 患 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡroːns/ |
| Notes | 本從串（毌）聲 |

### Definitions

患
* to contract (an illness); to suffer from; to be afflicted with
* disease; illness
* to worry; to feel anxious
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ yuē: “Bù huàn rén zhī bù jǐ zhī, huàn bùzhī rén yě.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men."
* disaster; calamity; catastrophe
    水患 ― shuǐhuàn ― flood
    有備無患／有备无患 ― yǒubèiwúhuàn ― preparedness averts peril

#### Synonyms

* (to contract an illness):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 生病, 得病, 患, 患病, 害病, 染病, 發病, 病倒, 帶病, 抱病, 抱恙, 罹病, 罹患 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 病, 得病, 鬧病, 不舒服 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 病, 生病, 不舒服 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 病 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 病 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 病 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 病 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 病, 作病 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 生病 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 生病 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 長病, 病, 不好, 不熨貼, 不舒坦, 不得勁兒, 鬧症候 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 得病, 病病兒, 不濟, 不熨貼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 害病, 生病, 病, 有病兒, 不好, 不老兒好, 不美氣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 犯病, 難過 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 病, 不得勁 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 害病, 得病, 病, 不受活 of an adult, 不乖 of a child |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 病下, 得病, 不爽快 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 得病, 害病, 病, 不舒坦, 不舒服, 不如適, 出故事 of a child, 出症兒 of a child, 出症 of a child |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 得病, 病下, 不行下, 不受活, 不乖 of a child |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 得病, 害病, 不受活, 不乖 of a child |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 害病, 有病, 得病, 不好, 不清乾 Hui |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 害病, 病 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 病下, 不舒坦, 不爽快, 不輕身 of an adult, 不乖 of a child, 變狗 of a child |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 病下, 害病, 不舒服 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 害病, 得病, 病, 不好, 不安逸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 害病, 病, 有病, 不好, 不舒服, 不乖 of a child, 做狗狗 of a child |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 痛病, 痛, 生病, 不好在, 不安逸, 逗狗 of a child |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 不好 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 病 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 病, 做狗崽 of a child, 做狗 of a child |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 生病, 害病, 不爽快, 不爽, 不舒服 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 害病, 不好過 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 不好過 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 害病, 病, 不伸坦 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 病, 唔舒服, 唔精神, 唔自然 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 病, 唔舒服, 唔精神 dated, 唔自然 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 病 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 病 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 有病 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 有病 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 病 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 病 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 唔精神 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 病 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 病, 唔精神 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 病 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 病 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 唔精神 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 唔精神 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 病 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 病 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 病 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 病 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 病, 唔精神 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 病 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 病 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 病 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 病, 唔精神 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 病, 唔舒服 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 病 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 病, 唔精神 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 唔養得 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 病, 得病, 無自由 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 生病, 病 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 生病 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 生病 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 發病 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 有病 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 病 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 病 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 生病, 病, 不好過, 不舒服 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 病 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 病, 不熨貼 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 發病, 起病, 唔自然, 唔舒服, 犯病 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 有病 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 唔做得 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 唔做得 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 病 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 病 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 病 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 發病仔, 發病, 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 發病, 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 發病, 著病, 破病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔快活, 唔自然 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 發病仔, 發病, 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 破病, 著病, 無快活, 無堵好 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 病 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 生病 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 病 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 害病, 起病 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 病, 害病, 鬧病, 難活 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 難過 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 病 |
| Jin | Linhe | 病 |
| Jin | Jining | 病 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 難過 |
| Jin | Baotou | 病 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 病 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 難活 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 病, 凊著, 伓鬆爽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 破病, 病去, 𣍐爽快, 做犬 of a child |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 破病, 著病, 致病, 無爽, 無好勢, 艱苦 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 破病, 毋好, 著病, 致病, 艱苦 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 破病 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 破病 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 破病, 著病, 致病, 毋愛, 𣍐乖 of a child |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 破病 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 破病 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 破病, 艱苦 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 破病, 艱苦 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 破病 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 破病, 艱苦 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 破病 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 破病, 艱苦 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 破病 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 破病 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 破病 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 破病 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 破病 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 破病 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 毋好, 破病 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 病 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 生病, 唔好, 無若好 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 破相, 儂孬 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 破相, 儂孬 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 著病, 破病, 生毛 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 唔寬活, 儂孬 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 破病 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 破病 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 惡抵 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 惡耐, 生病 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 病, 病痛, 惡抵, 惡耐 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 病, 惡耐 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 唔精神 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 病 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 病 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 生病, 生毛病, 有毛病, 勿適意, 勿舒服 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 無得力氣 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 生病, 生毛病, 勿適意, 勿鬆 suburbs |
| Wu | Wuxi | 生病 |
| Wu | Danyang | 生病, 害病, 弗好過, 無本事 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 生毛病, 不舒服 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 生病, 病, 否好過 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 生病, 弗好過 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 得病, 病, 不好過 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 病 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 病, 不好過 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 生病 |
* (disease):
* 症 (zhèng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 病 (bìng)
* 疾 (jí) (literary, or in compounds)
* 病患 (bìnghuàn)
* 疾病 (jíbìng)
* 病疾 (bìngjí) (literary)
* 病症 (bìngzhèng)
* 疾症
* 病痛 (bìngtòng)
* 症頭／症头 (Hakka, Hokkien)
* 病魔 (bìngmó) (figurative)
* (to worry):
* 怕
* 急 (jí)
* 急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
* 恐怕 (kǒngpà)
* 愁 (chóu)
* 憂心／忧心 (yōuxīn)
* 憂慮／忧虑 (yōulǜ)
* 懸心／悬心 (xuánxīn)
* 掛心／挂心 (guàxīn)
* 掛礙／挂碍 (guà'ài)
* 揪心 (jiūxīn)
* 提心 (tíxīn)
* 擔心／担心 (dānxīn)
* 擔憂／担忧 (dānyōu)
* 燒心／烧心 (shāoxīn) (regional or dated)
* 犯愁 (fànchóu)
* 疑慮／疑虑 (yílǜ)
* 發急／发急 (fājí)
* 發愁／发愁 (fāchóu)
* 發極／发极 ($^7$faq $^8$jiq) (Wu)
* 著急／着急 (zháojí)
* 起急 (qǐjí) (colloquial)
* 顧慮／顾虑 (gùlǜ)
* (disaster):
* 亂兒／乱儿 (luànr) (dialectal)
* 人禍／人祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)
* 劫 (jié) (Buddhism)
* 劫煞 (Hokkien)
* 劫難／劫难 (jiénàn)
* 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 大禍／大祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)
* 大難／大难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)
* 天災／天灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)
* 央厄 (yāng'è) (literary)
* 奇禍／奇祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)
* 巨禍／巨祸 (jùhuò) (literary)
* 慘事／惨事 (cǎnshì)
* 慘劇／惨剧 (cǎnjù)
* 慘禍／惨祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)
* 沙𧐔 (sua$^1$ sab$^4$) (Teochew)
* 浩劫 (hàojié)
* 災／灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)
* 災劫／灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)
* 災厄／灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)
* 災害／灾害 (zāihài)
* 災殃／灾殃 (zāiyāng)
* 災禍／灾祸 (zāihuò)
* 災變／灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)
* 災難／灾难 (zāinàn)
* 癰疽／痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)
* 眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
* 禍／祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
* 禍事／祸事 (huòshì)
* 禍害／祸害 (huòhài)
* 禍息／祸息 (ho$^5$ si$^6$) (Xiang)
* 禍患／祸患 (huòhuàn)
* 禍殃／祸殃 (huòyāng)

### Compounds

* 不患
* 人之患在好為人師／人之患在好为人师 (rén zhī huàn zài hàowéirénshī)
* 人滿為患／人满为患 (rénmǎnwéihuàn)
* 備嘗憂患／备尝忧患
* 傷患／伤患
* 內患／内患
* 內憂外患／内忧外患 (nèiyōuwàihuàn)
* 共患
* 共患難／共患难 (gònghuànnàn)
* 分憂共患／分忧共患 (fēnyōu gòng huàn)
* 外患 (wàihuàn)
* 弭患
* 弭患無形／弭患无形
* 後患／后患 (hòuhuàn)
* 後患無窮／后患无穷 (hòuhuànwúqióng)
* 後顧之患／后顾之患
* 心腹之患 (xīnfùzhīhuàn)
* 心腹大患 (xīnfùdàhuàn)
* 心腹重患
* 患害
* 患得患失 (huàndéhuànshī)
* 患病 (huànbìng)
* 患者 (huànzhě)
* 患苦
* 患處／患处 (huànchù)
* 患難／患难 (huànnàn)
* 患難之交／患难之交 (huànnànzhījiāo)
* 患難夫妻／患难夫妻
* 患難相恤／患难相恤
* 患難相扶／患难相扶
* 患難相死／患难相死
* 患難與共／患难与共 (huànnànyǔgòng)
* 患難見真情／患难见真情 (huànnàn jiàn zhēnqíng)
* 慮患／虑患
* 憂患／忧患 (yōuhuàn)
* 憂患意識／忧患意识
* 救災恤患／救灾恤患
* 有備無患／有备无患 (yǒubèiwúhuàn)
* 未形之患
* 杜絕後患／杜绝后患
* 民患淡食
* 水患 (shuǐhuàn)
* 河患 (héhuàn)
* 河魚之患／河鱼之患
* 火患 (huǒhuàn)
* 災患／灾患
* 為民除患／为民除患
* 無患／无患 (wúhuàn)
* 無患子／无患子 (wúhuànzǐ)
* 疾患 (jíhuàn)
* 病患 (bìnghuàn)
* 病患狀／病患状
* 禍患／祸患 (huòhuàn)
* 絕後患／绝后患
* 罹患 (líhuàn)
* 肘腋之患
* 腹心之患
* 西患
* 覆餗之患／覆𫗧之患
* 言出患入
* 辟惡除患
* 邊患／边患 (biānhuàn)
* 重患
* 防患未然 (fánghuànwèirán)
* 除患興利／除患兴利
* 陽侯之患／阳侯之患
* 隱患／隐患 (yǐnhuàn)
* 飽經憂患／饱经忧患
* 養癰成患／养痈成患
* 養癰自患／养痈自患
* 養癰貽患／养痈贻患
* 養癰遺患／养痈遗患
* 養虎留患／养虎留患
* 養虎貽患／养虎贻患
* 養虎遺患／养虎遗患 (yǎnghǔyíhuàn)

### Further reading

* “患”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “患”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 93.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* afflicted

#### Readings

* Go-on: げん (gen)
* Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
* Kun: わずらう (wazurau, 患う, Jōyō)、うれえる (ureeru, 患える)、うれい (urei, 患い)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 患
* かん Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 患 (MC hwaenH).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kã̠ɴ]

### Affix

患(かん) • (kan)
* worry; suffer
* afflicted

### Noun

患(かん) • (kan)
* trouble; worries; pain
* illness; sickness

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɸwa̠n]
* Phonetic hangul: [환]

### Hanja

Wikisource 患 (eumhun 근심 환 (geunsim hwan))
* hanja form of 환 (“worry”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

患: Hán Nôm readings: hoạn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.