# 砝

| 砝 | U+781D, &#30749; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-781D |
| ← 砜 [U+781C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 砞 → [U+781E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

砝 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一口土戈 (MRGI), four-corner 1463$_1$, composition ⿰石去)

#### Derived characters

* 䂶

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 828, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24081
* Dae Jaweon: page 1243, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2422, character 5
* Unihan data for U+781D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin
#### Etymology 1

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 + abbreviated phonetic 法.

#### Etymologies 2 and 3

| | Old Chinese |
| 佉 | *kʰal |
| 呿 | *kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab |
| 抾 | *kʰɯ, *kʰɯ, *kʰab |
| 弆 | *kaʔ, *kʰaʔ |
| 祛 | *kʰa |
| 袪 | *kʰa |
| 阹 | *kʰa |
| 胠 | *kʰa, *kʰas, *kʰab |
| 魼 | *kʰa, *kʰl'aːb |
| 去 | *kʰaʔ, *kʰas |
| 麮 | *kʰaʔ, *kʰas |
| 鼁 | *kʰas |
| 砝 | *kaːb, *kab |
| 劫 | *kab, *kab |
| 鉣 | *kab |
| 蜐 | *kab, *kab |
| 怯 | *kʰab |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːb, *kab) : semantic 石 + phonetic 去 (OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fǎ (fa$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faat$^3$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hah$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huab$^4$ / huag$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǎ
*** Wade–Giles: fa$^3$
*** Yale: fǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faa
*** Palladius: фа (fa)
*** Sinological IPA : /fä²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faat$^3$
*** Yale: faat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːt̚³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hah$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /haʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hah$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /haʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoat
*** Tâi-lô: huat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoad
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huat̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huab$^4$ / huag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huap / huak
*** Sinological IPA : /huap̚²/, /huak̚²/
* huab4 - Chaozhou;
* huag4 - Shantou, Chenghai, Chaoyang.

#### Definitions

砝
* Used in 砝碼／砝码 (fǎmǎ).

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jié (jie$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jié
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jié
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^2$
*** Yale: jyé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye
*** Palladius: цзе (cze)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kjaep
Rime :
| Character | 砝 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 業 (147) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居怯切 |
| Baxter | kjaep |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨɐp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiɐp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiɐp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kiap̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɐp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯ɐp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jie |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gip$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kab/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 砝 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 10696 |
| Phonetic component | 去 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 劫 |
| Old Chinese | /*kab/ |

#### Definitions

砝
* (obsolete, rare) hard

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gé (ge$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gé
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gé
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^2$
*** Yale: gé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ger
*** Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kap
Rime :
| Character | 砝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 盍 (144) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 居盍切 |
| Baxter | kap |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kɑp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ge |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gap$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kaːb/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 砝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 10693 |
| Phonetic component | 去 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 砝 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaːb/ |

#### Definitions

砝
* (obsolete, rare) the sound of rocks

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “砝”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): きょう (kyō)、こう (kō)、ほう (hō)
* Kun: かたい (katai)