# ⳉⲙⲁⲙ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϩⲙⲟⲙ (hmom), ϣⲙⲟⲙ (šmom) — Sahidic
* ϩⲙⲁⲙ (hmam) — Fayyumic, Lycopolitan
* ϧⲙⲟⲙ (xmom) — Bohairic

### Verb

ⳉⲙⲁⲙ • (xmam)
* (Akhmimic, intransitive) to be hot, have fever

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⳉⲙⲁⲙ xmam | imperative | affirmative | ⳉⲙⲁⲙ xmam |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ tm̄xmam | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pr̄xmam |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⳉⲙⲁⲙ tixmam | ⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ kxmam | ⲧⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ texmam | ϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ fxmam | ⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ sxmam | ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ tn̄xmam | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ tetn̄xmam | ⲥⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ sexmam | ⳉⲙⲁⲙ xmam |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ eïxmam | ⲉⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ ekxmam | ⲉⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ erexmam | ⲉϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ efxmam | ⲉⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ esxmam | ⲉⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ enxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etetn̄xmam | ⲉⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ euxmam | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ ere- xmam |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⳉⲙⲁⲙ etixmam | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etk̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ etexmam, eterexmam | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etf̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ ets̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etn̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etetn̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ etouxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etere- xmam |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ neïxmam | ⲛⲉⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ nekxmam | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ nerexmam | ⲛⲉϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ nefxmam | ⲛⲉⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ nesxmam | ⲛⲉⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ nenxmam | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ netetn̄xmam | ⲛⲉⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ neuxmam | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nere- xmam |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ tinaxmam | ⲕⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ knaxmam | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ tenaxmam | ϥⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ fnaxmam | ⲥⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ snaxmam | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ tn̄naxmam | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ tetnaxmam | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ senaxmam | ⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ naxmam |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ eïnaxmam | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ eknaxmam | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ erenaxmam | ⲉϥⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ efnaxmam | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ esnaxmam | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ ennaxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ etetnaxmam | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ eunaxmam | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ ere- naxmam |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ etinaxmam | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ etk̄naxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ etenaxmam, eterenaxmam | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ etf̄naxmam | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ ets̄naxmam | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ etn̄naxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ etetnaxmam | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ etounaxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ etere- naxmam |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ neïnaxmam | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ neknaxmam | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ nerenaxmam | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ nefnaxmam | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ nesnaxmam | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ nennaxmam | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ netetnaxmam | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ neunaxmam | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ nere- naxmam |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ aïxmam | ⲁⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ akxmam | ⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲁⲣⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲁⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ axmam, arxmam, arexmam | ⲁϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ afxmam | ⲁⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ asxmam | ⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ anxmam | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ atetn̄xmam | ⲁⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ auxmam | ⲁ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ a- xmam |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pixmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pk̄xmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pexmam, m̄pr̄xmam | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pf̄xmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄ps̄xmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pn̄xmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄petn̄xmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pouxmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pe- xmam |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ eaïxmam | ⲉⲁⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ eakxmam | ⲉⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉⲁⲣⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ eaxmam, earxmam, earexmam | ⲉⲁϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ eafxmam | ⲉⲁⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ easxmam | ⲉⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ eanxmam | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ eatetn̄xmam | ⲉⲁⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ eauxmam | ⲉⲁ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ ea- xmam |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄pixmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄pk̄xmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄pexmam, em̄pr̄xmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄pf̄xmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄ps̄xmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄pn̄xmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄petn̄xmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄pouxmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄pe- xmam |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ entaïxmam, n̄taïxmam | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ entakxmam, n̄takxmam | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ entaxmam, n̄taxmam, entarxmam, n̄tarxmam, entarexmam, n̄tarexmam | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ entafxmam, n̄tafxmam | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ entasxmam, n̄tasxmam | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ entanxmam, n̄tanxmam | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ entatetn̄xmam, n̄tatetn̄xmam | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ entauxmam, n̄tauxmam | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ enta- xmam, n̄ta- xmam |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄pixmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄pk̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄pexmam, etem̄pr̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄pf̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄ps̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄pn̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄petn̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄pouxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄pe- xmam |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ neaïxmam | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ neakxmam | ⲛⲉⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ neaxmam, nearxmam, nearexmam | ⲛⲉⲁϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ neafxmam | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ neasxmam | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ neanxmam | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ neatetn̄xmam | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ neauxmam | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nea- xmam |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄pixmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄pk̄xmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄pexmam, nem̄pr̄xmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄pf̄xmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄ps̄xmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄pn̄xmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄petn̄xmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄pouxmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄pe- xmam |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄taïxmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄takxmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄taxmam, n̄tarxmam, n̄tarexmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄tafxmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄tasxmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄tanxmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄tatetn̄xmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄tauxmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄ta- xmam |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄patixmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄patk̄xmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄patexmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄patf̄xmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pats̄xmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄patn̄xmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄patetn̄xmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄patouxmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pate- xmam |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄patixmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄patk̄xmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄patexmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄patf̄xmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄pats̄xmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄patn̄xmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄patetn̄xmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄patouxmam | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ em̄pate- xmam |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄patixmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄patk̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄patexmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄patf̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄pats̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄patn̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄patetn̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄patouxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etem̄pate- xmam |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄patixmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄patk̄xmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄patexmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄patf̄xmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄pats̄xmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄patn̄xmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄patetn̄xmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄patouxmam | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nem̄pate- xmam |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ šaïxmam | ϣⲁⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ šakxmam | ϣⲁⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ šarexmam | ϣⲁϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ šafxmam | ϣⲁⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ šasxmam | ϣⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ šanxmam | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ šatetn̄xmam | ϣⲁⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ šauxmam | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ šare- xmam |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ meïxmam | ⲙⲉⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ mekxmam | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ merexmam | ⲙⲉϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ mefxmam | ⲙⲉⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ mesxmam | ⲙⲉⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ menxmam | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ metetn̄xmam | ⲙⲉⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ meuxmam | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ mere- xmam |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ ešaïxmam | ⲉϣⲁⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ ešakxmam | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ ešarexmam | ⲉϣⲁϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ ešafxmam | ⲉϣⲁⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ ešasxmam | ⲉϣⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ ešanxmam | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ ešatetn̄xmam | ⲉϣⲁⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ ešauxmam | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ ešare- xmam |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ emeïxmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ emekxmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ emerexmam | ⲉⲙⲉϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ emefxmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ emesxmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ emenxmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ emetetn̄xmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ emeuxmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ emere- xmam |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etešaïxmam, ešaïxmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ etešakxmam, ešakxmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ etešarexmam, ešarexmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉϣⲁϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ etešafxmam, ešafxmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ etešasxmam, ešasxmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ etešanxmam, ešanxmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etešatetn̄xmam, ešatetn̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ etešauxmam, ešauxmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etešare- xmam, ešare- xmam |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etemeïxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ etemekxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ etemerexmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ etemefxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ etemesxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ etemenxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etemetetn̄xmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ etemeuxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etemere- xmam |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nešaïxmam | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ nešakxmam | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ nešarexmam | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ nešafxmam | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ nešasxmam | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ nešanxmam | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nešatetn̄xmam | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ nešauxmam | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nešare- xmam |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nemeïxmam | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ nemekxmam | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ nemerexmam | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ nemefxmam | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ nemesxmam | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ nemenxmam | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nemetetn̄xmam | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ nemeuxmam | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ nemere- xmam |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ emeïxmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ emekxmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ emerexmam | ⲉⲙⲉϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ emefxmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ emesxmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ emenxmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ emetetn̄xmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ emeuxmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ emere- xmam |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ eïexmam | ⲉⲕⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ ekexmam | ⲉⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ erexmam | ⲉϥⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ efexmam | ⲉⲥⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ esexmam | ⲉⲛⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ enexmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ etetnexmam | ⲉⲩⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ euexmam | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ ere- xmam |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄naxmam | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄nekxmam | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄nexmam | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄nefxmam | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄nesxmam | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄nenxmam | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄netn̄xmam | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄neuxmam | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄ne- xmam |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⳉⲙⲁⲙ marixmam | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ marefxmam | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ maresxmam | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ marn̄xmam | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ marouxmam | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ mare- xmam |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pr̄traxmam | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pr̄trefxmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pr̄tresxmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pr̄trenxmam | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pr̄treuxmam | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ m̄pr̄tre- xmam |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲧⲁⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄taxmam, taxmam | ⲛ̄ⲅⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄gxmam, n̄kxmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄texmam | ⲛ̄ϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄fxmam | ⲛ̄ⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄sxmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄tn̄xmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄tetn̄xmam | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄sexmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄te- xmam |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲙⲁⲙ tarixmam | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ tarekxmam | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ tarexmam | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ tarefxmam | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ taresxmam | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ tarn̄xmam | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ taretn̄xmam | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ tarouxmam | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ tare- xmam |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄terixmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄terekxmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄terexmam, n̄tererxmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄terefxmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄teresxmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄tern̄xmam, n̄terenxmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄teretn̄xmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄terouxmam | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ n̄tere- xmam |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⳉⲙⲁⲙ šantixmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ šantk̄xmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ šantexmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ šantf̄xmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ šants̄xmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ šantn̄xmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ šantetn̄xmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ šantouxmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ šante- xmam |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ eïšanxmam | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ ekšanxmam | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ eršanxmam, erešanxmam | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ efšanxmam | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ esšanxmam | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ enšanxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ etetn̄šanxmam | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ eušanxmam | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ eršan- xmam |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲙⲁⲙ eïxmam | ⲉⲕⳉⲙⲁⲙ ekxmam | ⲉⲣⲉⳉⲙⲁⲙ erexmam | ⲉϥⳉⲙⲁⲙ efxmam | ⲉⲥⳉⲙⲁⲙ esxmam | ⲉⲛⳉⲙⲁⲙ enxmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲙⲁⲙ etetn̄xmam | ⲉⲩⳉⲙⲁⲙ euxmam | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲙⲁⲙ ere- xmam |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### Noun

ⳉⲙⲁⲙ • (xmam) m
* (Akhmimic) heat, fever

#### Related terms

* ϩⲙⲙⲉ (hmme, “heat, fever”)

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 677
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 283