# 紛紛
## Chinese
### Etymology

Ideophonic: A reduplication of 紛 (OC *pʰɯn, “silk ribbon; disordered, confused → numerous”). Attested in Guanzi and Mengzi, meaning "disorderly, confused". Possibly cognate with 煩 (OC *ban, “annoyed; numerous”), 繁 (OC *baːl, *baːn, *ban, “numerous”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fēnfēn
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣ ㄈㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fan$^1$ fan$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûn-fûn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hun-hun
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hung$^1$ hung$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēnfēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄣ ㄈㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fenfen
*** Wade–Giles: fên$^1$-fên$^1$
*** Yale: fēn-fēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenfen
*** Palladius: фэньфэнь (fɛnʹfɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fən⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fan$^1$ fan$^1$
*** Yale: fān fān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fan$^1$ fan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fen$^1$ fen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐn⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûn-fûn
*** Hakka Romanization System: fun$^ˊ$ fun$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fun$^1$ fun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /fun²⁴⁻¹¹ fun²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-hun
*** Tâi-lô: hun-hun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hunhwn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³ hun³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hung$^1$ hung$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hung hung
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ³³⁻²³ huŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: phjun phjun
Rime :
| Character | 紛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 撫文切 |
| Baxter | phjun |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰɨun/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰiun/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰiuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰun/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰiuən/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰĭuən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pʰi̯uən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fēn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯn pʰɯn/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 紛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3155 |
| Phonetic component | 分 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 芬 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰɯn/ |
| Notes | 撫由府校改 |

### Adjective

紛紛
* (ideophonic) numerous and confused; in droves; in great numbers

#### Synonyms

* 紛紜／纷纭 (fēnyún)
* 紛繁／纷繁 (fēnfán)
* 紛雜／纷杂 (fēnzá) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 亂紛紛／乱纷纷
* 土雨紛紛／土雨纷纷
* 湎湎紛紛／湎湎纷纷
* 碎紛紛／碎纷纷
* 紛紛不一／纷纷不一
* 紛紛嚷嚷／纷纷嚷嚷
* 紛紛揚揚／纷纷扬扬 (fēnfēnyángyáng)
* 紛紛擁擁／纷纷拥拥
* 紛紛擾擾／纷纷扰扰
* 紛紛攘攘／纷纷攘攘
* 紛紛洋洋／纷纷洋洋
* 紛紛穰穰／纷纷穰穰
* 紛紛籍籍／纷纷籍籍
* 紛紛翼翼／纷纷翼翼
* 紛紛議論／纷纷议论
* 紛紛鬧鬧／纷纷闹闹
* 膠膠紛紛／胶胶纷纷
* 議論紛紛／议论纷纷 (yìlùnfēnfēn)
* 郁郁紛紛
* 鬧紛紛／闹纷纷

### Adverb

紛紛
* (ideophonic) one after another; in succession

#### Synonyms

* 一連／一连 (yīlián)
* 不斷／不断 (bùduàn)
* 先後／先后 (xiānhòu)
* 前後／前后 (qiánhòu)
* 勿斷／勿断 ($^8$veq-doe) (Wu)
* 接連／接连 (jiēlián)
* 接連不斷／接连不断 (jiēliánbùduàn)
* 沓沓 (Hokkien)
* 直透 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 相繼／相继 (xiāngjì)
* 絡繹／络绎 (luòyì) (literary)
* 連／连
* 連紲／连绁 (Hokkien)
* 連續／连续 (liánxù)
* 連連／连连 (liánlián)
* 陸續／陆续 (lùxù)
* 陸陸續續／陆陆续续 (lùlùxùxù)