# 夷狄
## Chinese
### Etymology

From archaic exonymic references to tribes that were not considered 諸夏, but were physically located close to the 中國; from 夷 (OC *lil, “eastern tribes”) + 狄 (OC *deːɡ, “northern tribes”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yídí
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˊ ㄉㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ji$^4$ dik$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yídí
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˊ ㄉㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yídí
*** Wade–Giles: i$^2$-ti$^2$
*** Yale: yí-dí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yidyi
*** Palladius: иди (idi)
*** Sinological IPA : /i³⁵ ti³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^4$ dik$^6$
*** Yale: yìh dihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^4$ dik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^4$ dig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː²¹ tɪk̚²/
* Middle Chinese: yij dek
Rime :
| Character | 夷 | 狄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 以脂切 | 徒歷切 |
| Baxter | yij | dek |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiɪ/ | /dek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ji/ | /dek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jɪ/ | /dɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ji/ | /dɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /i/ | /dek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ji/ | /diek̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i/ | /dʱiek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yí | dí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^4$ | dik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ləj lˤek/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lil deːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 夷 | 狄 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yí | dí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yij › | ‹ dek › |
| Old Chinese | /*ləj/ | /*lˁek/ |
| English | foreigner (especially to the east) | (name of a northern tribe) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 夷 | 狄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14862 | 2206 |
| Phonetic component | 夷 | 狄 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 姨 | 荻 |
| Old Chinese | /*lil/ | /*deːɡ/ |

### Noun

夷狄
* (historical, archaic) the barbarians (peoples inhabiting regions peripheral to the historical Chinese heartland)
    Antonym: 諸夏／诸夏 (Zhūxià)
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zǐyuē: “Yídí zhī yǒu jūn, bùrú zhūxià zhī wáng yě.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "The barbarians have their princes, and are not like the States of our great land which are without them."
* (literary, derogatory) barbarian (any ethnic group considered uncivilized)

#### Usage notes

Typically applied by those who consider themselves 諸夏, with the connotation of otherhood or distance.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 夷 | 狄 |
| い Jinmeiyō | てき Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ite̞kʲi]

### Noun

夷(い)狄(てき) • (iteki)
* uncivilized people; barbarians

### References

* “夷狄”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
* “夷狄” in Weblio Dictionary.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 夷 | 狄 |

### Noun

夷狄 • (ijeok) (hangeul 이적)
* hanja form of 이적 (“barbarians”)