# 海外
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hǎiwài
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˇ ㄨㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi$^2$ ngoi$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hói-ngoi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hoi$^3$ ngoi$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hāi-nguôi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hái-gōa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hai$^2$ ghua$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$he-nga
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hǎiwài
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄨㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hǎiwài
*** Wade–Giles: hai$^3$-wai$^4$
*** Yale: hǎi-wài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haeway
*** Palladius: хайвай (xajvaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ waɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoi$^2$ ngoi$^6$
*** Yale: hói ngoih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoi$^2$ ngoi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hoi$^2$ ngoi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːi̯³⁵ ŋɔːi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hói-ngoi
*** Hakka Romanization System: hoi$^ˋ$ ngoi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hoi$^3$ ngoi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hoi̯³¹ ŋoi̯⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hoi$^3$ ngoi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hoɪ³¹ ŋoɪ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hāi-nguôi
*** Sinological IPA : /hai³³⁻⁵⁵ ŋui²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hái-gōa
*** Tâi-lô: hái-guā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hay'goa
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡua²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡua⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡua²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡua³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡua³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hai$^2$ ghua$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hái guā
*** Sinological IPA : /hai⁵²⁻³⁵ ɡua¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$he-nga
*** MiniDict: he$^去$ nga
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$he-nga
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /he³³ ŋa⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: xojX ngwajH
Rime :
| Character | 海 | 外 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 泰 (26) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 呼改切 | 五會切 |
| Baxter | xojX | ngwajH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hʌi$^X$/ | /ŋuɑi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /həi$^X$/ | /ŋʷɑi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɒi$^X$/ | /ŋuɑi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /həj$^X$/ | /ŋwaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xᴀi$^X$/ | /ŋuɑi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xɒi$^X$/ | /ŋuɑi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xɑ̆i$^X$/ | /ŋuɑi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hǎi | wèi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hoi$^2$ | ngoi$^6$ |

### Noun

海外
* overseas; abroad
    流亡海外 ― liúwáng hǎiwài ― to be in exile overseas
       yuǎnxiāo hǎiwài de Zhōngguó chǎnpǐn [Pinyin]
       Chinese products sold overseas
       Zhège gōngsī zài hǎiwài shìchǎng zhànyǒu yīxízhīdì. [Pinyin]
       This company occupies a niche in the overseas market.

#### Synonyms

* (obsolete or Hakka) 外洋 (wàiyáng)

#### Antonyms

* 海內／海内 (hǎinèi)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 海 | 外 |
| かい Grade: 2 | がい Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 海外 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 海外 (MC xojX ngwajH, literally “sea + outside, beyond”). Compare modern Mandarin 海外 (hǎiwài).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かいがい [káꜜìgàì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ka̠iɡa̠i]

### Noun

海(かい)外(がい) • (kaigai)
* the area beyond seas
* overseas, foreign countries

#### Usage notes

As Japan is an island nation, all other countries are “beyond seas”. This word is thus often used synonymously with 国際 (kokusai, “international”), 多国籍 (takokuseki, “multinational”) or 地球規模 (chikyūkibo, “global”).

#### Synonyms

* (overseas): 外国(がいこく) (gaikoku), 異国(いこく) (ikoku)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 海 | 外 |

### Noun

海外 • (hae'oe) (hangeul 해외)
* hanja form of 해외 (“overseas”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 海 | 外 |

### Noun

海外
* chữ Hán form of hải ngoại (“overseas”).