# 彼岸
## Chinese
### Etymology

Literal translation of Sanskrit पारमिता (pāramitā). Compare the phonetic translation 波羅蜜多／波罗蜜多 (bōluómìduō).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǐ'àn
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˇ ㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bei$^2$ ngon$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pí-gān
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǐ'àn
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ ㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǐ-àn
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^3$-an$^4$
*** Yale: bǐ-àn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biiann
*** Palladius: биань (bianʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bei$^2$ ngon$^6$
*** Yale: béi ngohn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bei$^2$ ngon$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: béi$^2$ ngon$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pei̯³⁵ ŋɔːn²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pí-gān
*** Tâi-lô: pí-gān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: py'gan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡan³³/
* Middle Chinese: pjeX nganH
Rime :
| Character | 彼 | 岸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (13) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 甫委切 | 五旰切 |
| Baxter | pjeX | nganH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pˠiᴇ$^X$/ | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pᵚiɛ$^X$/ | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piɛ$^X$/ | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pjiə̆$^X$/ | /ŋan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /pje$^X$/ | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pǐe$^X$/ | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pie̯$^X$/ | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bǐ | àn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bei$^2$ | ngon$^6$ |

### Noun

彼岸
* (literary) opposite bank (of a river, etc.); the other shore; the other side
* (Buddhism) paramita; the perfection of a virtue; the goal to be reached

#### Synonyms

* (paramita): 波羅蜜／波罗蜜 (bōluómì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 彼岸(ひがん) (higan)
* → Korean: 피안(彼岸) (pian)
* → Vietnamese: bỉ ngạn (彼岸)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 彼 | 岸 |
| ひ Grade: S | がん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Alternative forms

* お彼岸(ひがん) (o-higan)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひがん [hìgáꜜǹ] (Nakadaka –)
* (Tokyo) ひがん [hìgáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çiɡã̠ɴ]

### Noun

彼(ひ)岸(がん) • (higan)
* (literary) the opposite shore
* (subsequently) the afterlife
    Antonyms: 此岸 (shigan), 娑婆 (shaba)
* (Buddhism) pāramitā the sought after perfection, Clipping of 到彼岸 (tōhigan).
    Synonym: 波羅蜜多 (haramitta)
* Clipping of 彼岸会 (higane). (also お彼岸 (“o-higan”)), the 7 days surrounding the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. Also the Buddhist ceremonies held during this period

#### Derived terms

* 彼岸桜(ひがんざくら) (higanzakura)
* 彼岸潮(ひがんしお) (higanshio)
* 彼岸花(ひがんばな) (higanbana)
* 彼岸河豚(ひがんふぐ) (higanfugu)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 彼 | 岸 |

### Noun

彼岸 • (pian) (hangeul 피안)
* hanja form of 피안 (“the paramita”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 彼 | 岸 |

### Noun

彼岸
* chữ Hán form of bỉ ngạn.