# 感恩
## Chinese

* 感恩 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Gratitude (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǎn'ēn
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˇ ㄣ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gam$^2$ jan$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gam$^2$ yin$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kám-ên
    (Hailu, HRS): gam$^ˊ$ en$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gāng-ŏng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kám-un / kám-in
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gam$^2$ eng$^1$ / gam$^2$ êng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$koe-en
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǎn'ēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˇ ㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǎn-en
*** Wade–Giles: kan$^3$-ên$^1$
*** Yale: gǎn-ēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaanen
*** Palladius: ганьэнь (ganʹenʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^2$ jan$^1$
*** Yale: gám yān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^2$ jan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^2$ yen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm³⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gam$^2$ yin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kam⁵⁵ jin³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kám-ên
*** Hakka Romanization System: gam$^ˋ$ en$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gam$^3$ en$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kam³¹ en²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gam$^ˊ$ en$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kam²⁴⁻³³ en⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gāng-ŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ³³⁻²¹ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋouŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám-un
*** Tâi-lô: kám-un
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafm'wn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ un³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám-in
*** Tâi-lô: kám-in
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafm'yn
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ in⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gam$^2$ eng$^1$ / gam$^2$ êng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kám ṳng / kám eng
*** Sinological IPA : /kam⁵²⁻³⁵ ɯŋ³³/, /kam⁵²⁻³⁵ eŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$koe-en
*** MiniDict: koe$^去$ en
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$koe-en
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kø³³ ən⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: komX 'on
Rime :
| Character | 感 | 恩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) | 痕 (53) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 古禫切 | 烏痕切 |
| Baxter | komX | 'on |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʌm$^X$/ | /ʔən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kəm$^X$/ | /ʔən/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɒm$^X$/ | /ʔən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəm$^X$/ | /ʔən/ |
| Li Rong | /kᴀm$^X$/ | /ʔən/ |
| Wang Li | /kɒm$^X$/ | /ən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kăm$^X$/ | /ʔən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gǎn | ēn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gam$^2$ | an$^1$ |

### Verb

感恩
* to have gratitude for; to feel grateful
       Xuéhuì gǎn'ēn, shàndài ēnrén. [Pinyin]
       Learn to be grateful, and be kind to those who help you.

#### Synonyms

* 多謝／多谢 (duōxiè)
* 感激 (gǎnjī)
* 感謝／感谢 (gǎnxiè)
* 知感 (Dungan, chiefly religion)
* 謝謝／谢谢 (xièxie)

#### Derived terms

* 感恩圖報／感恩图报
* 感恩戴德 (gǎn'ēndàidé)
* 感恩祭
* 感恩節／感恩节 (Gǎn'ēnjié)
* 感恩經／感恩经 (gǎn'ēnjīng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 感(かん)恩(おん) (kan'on)
* → Korean: 감은(感恩) (gameun)
Others:
* → Vietnamese: cảm ơn, cám ơn

### Proper noun

感恩
* (～縣) (historical) Gan'en (a former county of Hainan, Guangdong, China; now part of Dongfang, Hainan)

### References

* “Entry #9478”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 感 | 恩 |

### Noun

感恩 • (gameun) (hangeul 감은)
* hanja form of 감은

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 感 | 恩 |

### Alternative forms

* 敢恩 (cảm ơn, cám ơn)

### Interjection

感恩
* chữ Hán form of cảm ơn, cám ơn (“thank you”).

### Verb

感恩
* chữ Hán form of cảm ơn, cám ơn (“to thank; to be grateful”).