# 冽

| 冽 | U+51BD, &#20925; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51BD |
| ← 冼 [U+51BC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 冾 → [U+51BE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

冽 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 戈一一弓弓 (IMMNN), four-corner 3210$_0$, composition ⿰冫列)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 132, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1637
* Dae Jaweon: page 296, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 297, character 2
* Unihan data for U+51BD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 例 | *reds |
| 鮤 | *reds, *red |
| 栵 | *reds, *red |
| 洌 | *reds, *red |
| 銐 | *r'eds, *r̥ʰjeds |
| 峛 | *relʔ |
| 列 | *red |
| 裂 | *red |
| 烈 | *red |
| 冽 | *red |
| 迾 | *red |
| 蛚 | *red |
| 茢 | *red |
| 颲 | *red |
| 鴷 | *red |
| 挒 | *red |
| 姴 | *red |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *red) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 列 (OC *red).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liè (lie$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lit$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lia̍t
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liè
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liè
*** Wade–Giles: lieh$^4$
*** Yale: lyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lieh
*** Palladius: ле (le)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lit$^6$
*** Yale: liht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lit$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːt̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: lia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liat
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛt̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛt̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛt̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: ljet
Rime :
| Character | 冽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 薛 (81) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 良辥切 |
| Baxter | ljet |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /liɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭɛt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /li̯ɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lit$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.r[a]t/
    (Zhengzhang): /*red/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 冽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | liè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljet › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.r[a]t/ |
| English | cold, raw |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 冽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8131 |
| Phonetic component | 列 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*red/ |

### Definitions

冽
* cold; frigid; freezing
* Alternative form of 洌 (liè, “pure; clear”)

### Compounds

* 冷冽 (lěngliè)
* 冽冽
* 冽泉 (lièquán)
* 冽霜
* 凜冽／凛冽 (lǐnliè)
* 凜凜冽冽／凛凛冽冽
* 慄冽／栗冽
* 泠冽
* 清冽
* 甘冽

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): れつ (retsu)、れい (rei)
* Kun: さむい (samui)、つめたい (tsumetai)

### Proper noun

冽(ただし) or 冽(たゞし) • (Tadashi)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Hanja

冽 (eum 렬 (ryeol))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

冽: Hán Nôm readings: liệt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.