# 誹謗
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fěibàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄟˇ ㄅㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fei$^2$ pong$^3$ / fei$^2$ bong$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hūi-báung
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): húi-pòng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fěibàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄟˇ ㄅㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fěibàng
*** Wade–Giles: fei$^3$-pang$^4$
*** Yale: fěi-bàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feeibanq
*** Palladius: фэйбан (fɛjban)
*** Sinological IPA : /feɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fei$^2$ pong$^3$ / fei$^2$ bong$^3$
*** Yale: féi pong / féi bong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fei$^2$ pong$^3$ / fei$^2$ bong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: féi$^2$ pong$^3$ / féi$^2$ bong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fei̯³⁵ pʰɔːŋ³³/, /fei̯³⁵ pɔːŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hūi-báung
*** Sinological IPA : /hui³³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(p-)}$βɑuŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: húi-pòng
*** Tâi-lô: huí-pòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huy'poxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pɔŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: pj+j|pj+jH pangH
Rime :
| Character | 誹 | 誹 | 謗 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (21) | 微 (21) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | I |
| Fanqie | 甫微切 | 方味切 | 補曠切 |
| Baxter | pj+j | pj+jH | pangH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʉi/ | /pʉi$^H$/ | /pɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷɨi/ | /pʷɨi$^H$/ | /pɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuəi/ | /piuəi$^H$/ | /pɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puj/ | /puj$^H$/ | /paŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /piuəi/ | /piuəi$^H$/ | /pɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwəi/ | /pĭwəi$^H$/ | /pɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pwe̯i/ | /pwe̯i$^H$/ | /pɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fēi | fèi | bàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fei$^1$ | fei$^3$ | bong$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə[j] pˤaŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pɯl|pɯlʔ|pɯls paːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 誹 | 謗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fěi | bàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pj+j › | ‹ pang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pə[j]/ | /*pˁaŋ-s/ |
| English | slander | slander |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 誹 | 誹 | 誹 | 謗 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3083 | 3089 | 3092 | 2992 |
| Phonetic component | 非 | 非 | 非 | 方 |
| Rime group | 微 | 微 | 微 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 猆 | 匪 | 沸 | 螃 |
| Old Chinese | /*pɯl/ | /*pɯlʔ/ | /*pɯls/ | /*paːŋs/ |

### Verb

誹謗
* to slander; to vilify; to libel; to defame
* (Classical) to criticize; to comment; to discuss

#### Synonyms

* (to slander):
* 倚賴／倚赖 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 彎鬱／弯郁 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 攻擊／攻击 (gōngjī)
* 栽贓／栽赃 (zāizāng)
* 毀謗／毁谤 (huǐbàng)
* 污蔑 (wūmiè)
* 潑髒水／泼脏水 (pō zāng shuǐ) (figurative)
* 瘄污 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 詆毀／诋毁 (dǐhuǐ)
* 誣告／诬告
* 誣害／诬害 (wūhài)
* 誣捏／诬捏 (ŭ-niĕk) (Eastern Min)
* 誣枉／诬枉 (wūwǎng)
* 誣蔑／诬蔑 (wūmiè)
* 誣賴／诬赖 (wūlài)
* 誣陷／诬陷 (wūxiàn)
* 謠諑／谣诼 (yáozhuó) (literary)
* 讒害／谗害 (chánhài)
* 賴／赖 (lài)

#### Derived terms

* 口頭誹謗／口头诽谤
* 誹謗之木／诽谤之木
* 誹謗罪／诽谤罪 (fěibàngzuì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 誹(ひ)謗(ぼう) (hibō)
* → Korean: 비방(誹謗) (bibang)
* → Vietnamese: phỉ báng (誹謗)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 誹 | 謗 |
| ひ Hyōgai | ぼう Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひぼー [hìbóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çibo̞ː]

### Noun

誹(ひ)謗(ぼう) • (hibō)
* slander
* verbal abuse

#### Synonyms

* 訕謗(せんぼう) (senbō)

### Verb

誹(ひ)謗(ぼう)する • (hibō suru) transitive suru (stem 誹(ひ)謗(ぼう)し (hibō shi), past 誹(ひ)謗(ぼう)した (hibō shita))
* to slander someone
* to verbally abuse someone

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 誹謗し | ひぼうし | hibō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 誹謗し | ひぼうし | hibō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 誹謗する | ひぼうする | hibō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 誹謗する | ひぼうする | hibō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 誹謗すれ | ひぼうすれ | hibō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 誹謗せよ¹ 誹謗しろ² | ひぼうせよ¹ ひぼうしろ² | hibō seyo¹ hibō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 誹謗される | ひぼうされる | hibō sareru |
| Causative | 誹謗させる 誹謗さす | ひぼうさせる ひぼうさす | hibō saseru hibō sasu |
| Potential | 誹謗できる | ひぼうできる | hibō dekiru |
| Volitional | 誹謗しよう | ひぼうしよう | hibō shiyō |
| Negative | 誹謗しない | ひぼうしない | hibō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 誹謗せず | ひぼうせず | hibō sezu |
| Formal | 誹謗します | ひぼうします | hibō shimasu |
| Perfective | 誹謗した | ひぼうした | hibō shita |
| Conjunctive | 誹謗して | ひぼうして | hibō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 誹謗すれば | ひぼうすれば | hibō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 誹 | 謗 |

### Noun

誹謗 • (bibang) (hangeul 비방)
* hanja form of 비방 (“slander”)