# 窮苦
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qióngkǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄎㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kung$^4$ fu$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiùng-khú
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kêng-khó͘ / kiông-khó͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kiong$^5$ kou$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qióngkǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄎㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyóngkǔ
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiung$^2$-kʻu$^3$
*** Yale: chyúng-kǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyongkuu
*** Palladius: цюнку (cjunku)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kung$^4$ fu$^2$
*** Yale: kùhng fú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kung$^4$ fu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kung$^4$ fu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ²¹ fuː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiùng-khú
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiung$^ˇ$ ku$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiung$^2$ ku$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uŋ¹¹ kʰu³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kêng-khó͘
*** Tâi-lô: kîng-khóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kengqor
*** IPA (Tainan): /kiɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiông-khó͘
*** Tâi-lô: kiông-khóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiongqor
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ¹³⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kiong$^5$ kou$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiông khóu
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰioŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰou⁵²/

### Adjective

窮苦
* destitute; poverty-stricken

#### Synonyms

* 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
* 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
* 困窮／困穷 (kùnqióng)
* 困苦 (kùnkǔ)
* 困難／困难
* 困頓／困顿 (kùndùn)
* 宋凶 (Hokkien)
* 散 (Hokkien)
* 散凶 (Hokkien)
* 散赤 (Hokkien)
* 清苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
* 淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
* 清貧／清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
* 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
* 磽／硗 (Teochew)
* 䆀康 (Hokkien)
* 空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
* 窄
* 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
* 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
* 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
* 窮／穷 (qióng)
* 窮乏／穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)
* 窮困／穷困 (qióngkùn)
* 窮㾪／穷㾪 (Hokkien)
* 窮赤／穷赤 (Hokkien)
* 艱苦／艰苦 (Hokkien)
* 苦寒 (kǔhán)
* 貧乏／贫乏 (pínfá)
* 貧困／贫困 (pínkùn)
* 貧寒／贫寒 (pínhán)
* 貧瘠／贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
* 貧窮／贫穷 (pínqióng)
* 貧苦／贫苦 (pínkǔ)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 貧, 窮 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 窮, 貧窮, 窮困, 貧困, 赤貧, 貧乏, 貧苦, 貧寒, 苦寒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 窮, 貧窮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 窮, 貧窮, 窮苦 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 窮 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 窮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 苦寒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 窮 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 窮 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 窮 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 窮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 窮 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 窮無 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 窮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 宋凶, 㾪赤, 窮㾪, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 宋凶, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 窮赤 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 宋凶, 散, 散赤, 赤, 䆀空, 無空 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 散, 散赤, 散食, 散凶, 窮赤, 窮散, 窮苦 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 磽 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 窮, 磽 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 窮, 磽 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 窮, 蒯 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 窮 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 窮 |
| Wu | Danyang | 窮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 窮 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 倒灶 |

#### Antonyms

* 富裕 (fùyù)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 窮 | 苦 |

### Adjective

窮苦
* chữ Hán form of cùng khổ (“impoverished”).