# کشتی
## Khalaj
### Noun

کَشتی (kəşti) (definite accusative کَشتینی, plural کَشتیلَر)
* Arabic spelling of kəşti (“boat”)

#### Declension
## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭱𐭲𐭩𐭪𐭩 (kštyky /⁠kaštīg⁠/, “boat, ship”).
* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Not listed in etymological dictionaries. Is this a loanword from some unknown language or is it natively derived from Proto-Iranian? Note the similarity with Sanskrit काष्ठ (kāṣṭha, “wood”).”

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [kaʃ.ˈtiː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰɪʃ.t̪ʰíː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰɪʃ.t̪ʰíː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [kʰɪʃ.t̪ʰíː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [kʰiʃ.t̪ʰí]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [kʰʲæʃ.t̪ʰíː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [kʰiʃ.t̪ʰí]
* (Indo-Persian) IPA: /kiʃˈtiː/

#### Noun

| Dari | کشتی |
| Iranian Persian | کشتی |
| Tajik | киштӣ |
کَشْتی • (kašti) (plural کشتی‌ها (kašti-hâ))
* boat, ship
    Synonym: قایق (qâyeq)
    سوار کشتی ― savâr-e kašti ― on a ship
    کشتی راندن ― kašti rândan ― to steer a ship

##### Derived terms

* کشتی شکسته (kašti šekaste)
* کشتی نوح (kašti-ye nuh)

##### Descendants

* → Middle Bengali: কিশ্তী (kiśti)
** Bengali: কিস্তী (kisti)
* → Gujarati: કિશ્તી (kiśtī), કિસ્તી (kistī)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: कश्ती (kaśtī)
    Urdu: کشتی (kiśtī)
* → Khalaj: kəşti
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਕਸ਼ਤੀ (kaśtī)
    Shahmukhi script: کَشتی (kaśtī)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Parthian *kuštīg, from Proto-Iranian *kušti-, a t-extension of Proto-Iranian *kuši- (“side (of the body)”), from Proto-Indo-European *kuḱis (“(female) pubic hair; vulva”), from *kew-k-, from *kew- (“to be concave or convex”). Doublet of کستی (kosti, “sacred Zoroastrian waist-girdle”), which was inherited, as well as with کس (kos, “vulva”); outside of Iranian, cognate with Sanskrit कुक्षि (kukṣi, “belly, interior, womb”) and Lithuanian kūšỹs (“pubic hair; vulva”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [kuʃ.tiː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [kʰoʃ.t̪ʰiː]

#### Noun

| Dari | کشتی |
| Iranian Persian | کشتی |
| Tajik | гӯштӣ |
کُشْتی • (košti)
* wrestling

##### Derived terms

* کشتی آزاد (košti-ye âzâd)
* کشتی فرنگی (košti-ye farangi)
* کشتی گرفتن (košti gereftan)
* کشتی‌گیر (košti-gir)

##### Descendants

* → Middle Bengali: কুশ্তি (kuśti)
** Bengali: কুস্তি (kusti)
* → Gujarati: કુસ્તી (kustī)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: कुश्ती (kuśtī)
    Urdu: کشتی (kuśtī)
* → Kannada: ಕುಸ್ತಿ (kusti)
* → Malayalam: ഗുസ്തി (gusti)
* → Marathi: कुस्ती (kustī)
* → Punjabi: kuśtī
    Gurmukhi script: ਕੁਸ਼ਤੀ
    Shahmukhi script: کُشتی
* → Malay: gusti
** Indonesian: gusti

### Etymology 3

From کشت (kešt, “field”) +‎ ی (-i).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [kiʃ.tiː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰɪʃ.t̪ʰiː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [kʰɪʃ.t̪ʰiː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [kʰɪʃ.t̪ʰiː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [kʰiʃ.t̪ʰi]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [kʰʲeʃ.t̪ʰiː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [kʰiʃ.t̪ʰi]

#### Adjective

کِشْتی • (kešti)
* fit to be planted

#### Noun

کِشْتی • (kešti)
* cultivation; planting
* (uncommon) seed

### References

* ↑ Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 411-2
* ↑ Chehabi, Houchang (2018) “Wrestling in the Shahnameh and Later Persian Epics”, in The Layered Heart: Essays on Persian Poetry‎, →ISBN, pages 241—242

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian کشتی (kaštī, kištī).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /kəʃ.t̪iː/
* Rhymes: -iː
* Hyphenation: کَش‧تی

### Noun

کَشتی • (kaśtī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਕਸ਼ਤੀ)
* boat; ark, canoe
    Synonym: بیڑی (beṛī)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “کشتی”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
* “ਕਿਸ਼ਤੀ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian کشتی (kaštī, kištī).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /kɪʃ.t̪iː/
* (Punjabic Urdu, Delhi Urdu) IPA: [kəʃ.t̪iː]
* Rhymes: -iː
* Hyphenation: کِش‧تی

#### Noun

کِشْتی • (kiśtī) f (Hindi spelling कश्ती)
* boat, ship

##### Declension

Declension of کشتی :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | کِشْتی (kiśtī) | کِشْتِیاں (kiśtiyā̃) |
| oblique | کِشْتی (kiśtī) | کِشْتِیوں (kiśtiyō̃) |
| vocative | کِشْتی (kiśtī) | کِشْتِیو (kiśtiyō) |

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian کشتی (kuštī). Cognate with Marathi कुस्ती (kustī).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /kʊʃ.t̪iː/
* Rhymes: -iː
* Hyphenation: کُش‧تی

#### Noun

کُشْتی • (kuśtī) f (Hindi spelling कुश्ती)
* wrestling
    Synonym: کشتی بازی (kušti bāzī)

##### Declension

Declension of کشتی :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | کُشْتی (kuśtī) | کُشْتِیاں (kuśtiyā̃) |
| oblique | کُشْتی (kuśtī) | کُشْتِیوں (kuśtiyō̃) |
| vocative | کُشْتی (kuśtī) | کُشْتِیو (kuśtiyō) |

##### Related terms

* کشتی لڑنا (kušti laṛnā, “to wrestle”)
* کشتی باز (kušti bāz, “wrestler”)

### Further reading

* “کشتی”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “کشتی”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “کشتی”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.