# 沙汰
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shātài
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ ㄊㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saa$^1$ taai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shātài
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ ㄊㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shatài
*** Wade–Giles: sha$^1$-tʻai$^4$
*** Yale: shā-tài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shatay
*** Palladius: шатай (šataj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂä⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saa$^1$ taai$^3$
*** Yale: sā taai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saa$^1$ taai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sa$^1$ tai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /saː⁵⁵ tʰaːi̯³³/

### Verb

沙汰
* (archaic) to do away with; to abolish

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 沙汰(さた) (sata)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 沙 | 汰 |
| さ Grade: S | た Grade: S |
| kan'on | kan'yōon |

### Etymology

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 沙汰 (MC srae|sraeH thajH, literally “sand + washing”). Originally referred to "washing away" (汰 (tài)) "sand" (沙) from something desirable.
First cited in Japanese to a text from 786.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さた [sàtáꜜ] (Odaka –)
* (Tokyo) さた [sáꜜtà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [sa̠ta̠]

### Noun

沙(さ)汰(た) • (sata)
* washing away sand to obtain something desirable, such as gold dust or rice
* by extension, a fine-grained or careful sorting out or selection of something or someone
* deliberation of an issue and arriving at an appropriate outcome:
** the proper disposal or treatment of an issue
** a court case, a lawsuit, a trial
** a public affair, something in the court of public opinion
* a transmission of information:
** an instruction or order
** a notification
** a reputation
** a rumor
** an action, event, or matter worth talking about: how things shake out
* (in compounds) incident
    警察(けいさつ)沙汰(ざた)
       keisatsu-zata
       an incident in which one has called the police
    暴力(ぼうりょく)沙汰(ざた)
       bōryoku-zata
       violent incident

#### Synonyms

* (careful selection): 淘(とう)汰(た) (tōta)
* (discussion, deliberation): 検討(けんとう) (kentō), 論(ろん)議(ぎ) (rongi), 評(ひょう)議(ぎ) (hyōgi)
* (court case): 裁判(さいばん) (saiban)
* (lawsuit): 訴(そ)訟(しょう) (soshō)
* (public affair): 公(おおやけ)事(ごと) (ōyakegoto)
* (instruction): 指(さし)図(ず) (sashizu)
* (order): 指(し)令(れい) (shirei), 命令(めいれい) (meirei)
* (notification): 報(ほう)知(ち) (hōchi), 通(つう)知(ち) (tsūchi), 便(たよ)り (tayori), 知(し)らせ (shirase)
* (reputation): 評(ひょう)判(ばん) (hyōban)
* (rumor): 噂(うわさ) (uwasa)
* (action): 行(こう)為(い) (kōi)
* (event, matter): 事柄(ことがら) (kotogara)

#### Derived terms

* 無沙汰(ぶさた) (busata)
** ご無沙汰(ぶさた) (go-busata)
*** ご無沙汰(ぶさた)しております (go-busata shite orimasu)
* 正(しょう)気(き)の沙汰(さた)でない (shōki no sata de nai)

### Verb

沙(さ)汰(た)する • (sata suru) suru (stem 沙(さ)汰(た)し (sata shi), past 沙(さ)汰(た)した (sata shita))
* to wash away sand to obtain something desirable, such as gold dust or rice
* by extension, to carefully sort out or select something or someone
* to deliberate on an issue and arrive at an appropriate outcome
* to transmit information:
** to give an instruction or order
** to notify
** to gossip, to spread rumors

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 沙汰し | さたし | sata shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 沙汰し | さたし | sata shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 沙汰する | さたする | sata suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 沙汰する | さたする | sata suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 沙汰すれ | さたすれ | sata sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 沙汰せよ¹ 沙汰しろ² | さたせよ¹ さたしろ² | sata seyo¹ sata shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 沙汰される | さたされる | sata sareru |
| Causative | 沙汰させる 沙汰さす | さたさせる さたさす | sata saseru sata sasu |
| Potential | 沙汰できる | さたできる | sata dekiru |
| Volitional | 沙汰しよう | さたしよう | sata shiyō |
| Negative | 沙汰しない | さたしない | sata shinai |
| Negative continuative | 沙汰せず | さたせず | sata sezu |
| Formal | 沙汰します | さたします | sata shimasu |
| Perfective | 沙汰した | さたした | sata shita |
| Conjunctive | 沙汰して | さたして | sata shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 沙汰すれば | さたすれば | sata sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* (to select carefully): 淘(とう)汰(た) (tōta)
* (to discuss, to deliberate): 検討(けんとう) (kentō), 論(ろん)議(ぎ) (rongi), 評(ひょう)議(ぎ) (hyōgi)
* (to give an instruction): 指(さし)図(ず) (sashizu)
* (to give an order): 指(し)令(れい) (shirei), 命令(めいれい) (meirei)
* (to notify): 報(ほう)知(ち) (hōchi), 通(つう)知(ち) (tsūchi), 便(たよ)り (tayori), 知(し)らせ (shirase)
* (to gossip): 噂(うわさ) (uwasa)

### References

* ↑ “沙汰”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN