# διαιρέω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From δῐᾰ- (dia-) + αἱρέω (hairéō).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /di.ai̯.ré.ɔː/ → /ði.ɛˈre.o/ → /ði.eˈre.o/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /di.ai̯.ré.ɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /di.ɛˈre.o/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ði.ɛˈre.o/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ði.eˈre.o/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ði.eˈre.o/

### Verb

δῐαιρέω • (diairéō)
* to take apart, cleave in twain, divide
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 20.20:διὰ δ᾽ ἀμφοτέρους ἕλε κύκλους ἀσπίδος
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.119:παῖδα κατὰ μέλεα διελώνpaîda katà mélea dielṓn
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.123:δ. λαγόνd. lagóncut it open
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.110:δ. πυλίδαd. pulídabreak it open
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.51
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.48:δ. τὴν ὀροφήνd. tḕn orophḗntear away, pull down
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.2.21:τοὺς σταυρούςtoùs stauroús
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.75:δ. τοῦ τείχουςd. toû teíkhoustake down part of the wall, make a breach in it
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.76:τὸ διῃρημένονtò diēirēménonthe breach
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.3
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 556a.18, (of insects):διῃρημένοι τὸ ὑπόζωμαdiēirēménoi tò hupózōma
** 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Phenomena and Inferences 1:διαιρουμένος τὴν καρδίανdiairouménos tḕn kardían
* to divide
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.94, (compare 4.148):δύο μοίρας Λυδῶνdúo moíras Ludônthe Lydians into two parts
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Olympiodorus 12:δύο μερίδαςdúo merídas
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 253c:δ. τριχῇ ψυχήνd. trikhêi psukhḗn
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Sens. 440b.5:δ. εἰς τὸ ἐλάχιστονd. eis tò elákhiston
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 486a.5, (passive):εἰς ὁμοιομερῆeis homoiomerê
** (middle voice) divide for themselves; divide among themselves
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.11:κατ᾽ ὀλίγας ναῦς διελόμενοιdistributing their ships in small divisions
*** 314 CE – 393 CE, Libanius, Orations 52.4:τοῖς δικάζουσι δ. τὰ ὦταtoîs dikázousi d. tà ôtalending an ear to both parties
*** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 112:τιμάςtimás
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.85:τὴν ληΐηνtḕn lēḯēn
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.19:κατὰ πόλεις τὸ ἔργονkatà póleis tò érgon
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Stephanus 1 38:τἀδικήματαtadikḗmata
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.114, (absolute):δ. κατὰ πόλειςd. katà póleis
** (passive voice)
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.75:διῃρημένοι κατ᾽ ἀναπαύλαςdivided into relays
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, The Statesman 261c, (future middle form used in a passive sense):διαιρήσομαιdiairḗsomai
*** 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Fourth Philippic 51:διῄρητο τὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων εἰς δύοdiḗirēto tà tôn Hellḗnōn eis dúo
*** to break up, opposed to συντιθέναι
**** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 78c
*** to dispense
**** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.73b:φάρμακονphármakon
* to distinguish
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1295a.8:τυραννίδος εἴδη δύο διείλομενturannídos eídē dúo dieílomen
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 7.26:δ. πότερα…d. pótera…
** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 742, (absolute)
** (middle voice)
*** 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 182c
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 950c:δ. τοὺς ἀμείνους καὶ τοὺς χείροναςd. toùs ameínous kaì toùs kheíronas
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Charmides 163d:δ. περί τινοςd. perí tinos
*** to determine, decide
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.23:διαφορὰς διαιρέοντεςdiaphoràs diairéontes
**** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 472:δίκαςdíkas
**** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 488:τοῦτο πρᾶγμαtoûto prâgma
**** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 630:ψήφῳ δ. τοῦδε πράγματος πέριpsḗphōi d. toûde prágmatos péri
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Ways and Means 3.3, (compare Plato, The Republic 571a, Protagoras 314b, and elsewhere in the same author):τὰ ἀμφίλογαtà amphíloga
**** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 946b:κλήρῳ δ. τὸν νικῶνταklḗrōi d. tòn nikônta
**** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 239b.13:δ. περί τινοςd. perí tinos
**** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1300b.18:διαιρείσθω πόσα εἴδηdiaireísthō pósa eídē
**** 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 1100, (absolute)
**** 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 206, (codices):δ. εἴτεd. eíte
*** to define expressly
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.16C
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.103
**** (middle voice, with accusative and infinitive)
***** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.47
*** (middle voice) to interpret
**** 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 4.60:τέρας, δημεῖονtéras, dēmeîon
**** 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 9.6
* (logic) to divide; divide a genus into its species
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 273e:δ. κατ᾽ εἴδη τὰ ὄντα
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Posterior Analytics 96b.15, (and elsewhere in the same author)
** (middle voice)
*** 350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 642b.5
* (mathematics) to divide
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 895e, (passive)
** c. 225 BCE, Archimedes, On the Sphere and Cylinder 1.6, (and elsewhere in the same author):διελόντιdielóntidividendo
* to divide words, punctuate in reading; in the language of the Grammarians, resolve a diphthong or contracted form
** 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 12.17
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1401a.24, (passive)
** 50 CE – 250 CE, Apollonius Dyscolus, On Pronouns 38.17, (compare Lucius Annaeus Cornutus, De Natura Deorum 5 and Herodian, Philet. p.456.P.):διῃρῆσθαι Ἰακῶςdiēirêsthai Iakôs
* to allocate revenues
** Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones Selectae 573.24, (Cilicia)

#### Quotations

* 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 10.57, (in the sense “separate out”):τὰν πολέμοιο δόσιν ἀκρόθινα διελὼν ἔθυεtàn polémoio dósin akróthina dielṑn éthue

### Further reading

* “διαιρέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “διαιρέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* διαιρέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* διαιρέω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
* “διαιρέω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter