# ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲥⲕⲁⲗⲕⲗ (skalkl), ⲥⲕⲁⲣⲕⲣ (skarkr), ⲥⲗⲉϭⲗⲉϭ (sleclec) — Fayyumic
* ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ (skerker) — Bohairic
* ⲥⲕⲁⲣⲕⲣⲉ (skarkre) — Akhmimic

### Verb

ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ • (skorkr) (nominal state ⲥⲕⲣⲕⲣ-, pronominal state ⲥⲕⲣⲕⲱⲣ⸗, stative ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲱⲣ or ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲟⲣⲧ)
* (Sahidic) to roll, be rolled

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ skorkr | imperative | affirmative | ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ skorkr |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ tm̄skorkr | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄pr̄skorkr |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ tiskorkr | ⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ kskorkr | ⲧⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ teskorkr | ϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ fskorkr | ⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ sskorkr | ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ tn̄skorkr | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ tetn̄skorkr | ⲥⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ seskorkr | ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ skorkr |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eïskorkr | ⲉⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ekskorkr | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ereskorkr | ⲉϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ efskorkr | ⲉⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ esskorkr | ⲉⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ enskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etetn̄skorkr | ⲉⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ euskorkr | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ere- skorkr |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etiskorkr | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etk̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eteskorkr, etereskorkr | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etf̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ets̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etn̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etetn̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etouskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etere- skorkr |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ neïskorkr | ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nekskorkr | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nereskorkr | ⲛⲉϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nefskorkr | ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nesskorkr | ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nenskorkr | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ netetn̄skorkr | ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ neuskorkr | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nere- skorkr |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ tinaskorkr | ⲕⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ knaskorkr | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ tenaskorkr | ϥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ fnaskorkr | ⲥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ snaskorkr | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ tn̄naskorkr | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ tetnaskorkr | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ senaskorkr | ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ naskorkr |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eïnaskorkr | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eknaskorkr | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ erenaskorkr | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ efnaskorkr | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ esnaskorkr | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ennaskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etetnaskorkr | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eunaskorkr | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ere- naskorkr |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etinaskorkr | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etk̄naskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etenaskorkr, eterenaskorkr | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etf̄naskorkr | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ets̄naskorkr | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etn̄naskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etetnaskorkr | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etounaskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etere- naskorkr |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ neïnaskorkr | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ neknaskorkr | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nerenaskorkr | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nefnaskorkr | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nesnaskorkr | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nennaskorkr | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ netetnaskorkr | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ neunaskorkr | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nere- naskorkr |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ aïskorkr | ⲁⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ akskorkr | ⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲁⲣⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ askorkr, arskorkr, areskorkr | ⲁϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ afskorkr | ⲁⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ asskorkr | ⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ anskorkr | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ atetn̄skorkr | ⲁⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ auskorkr | ⲁ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ a- skorkr |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄piskorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄pk̄skorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄peskorkr, m̄pr̄skorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄pf̄skorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄ps̄skorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄pn̄skorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄petn̄skorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄pouskorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄pe- skorkr |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eaïskorkr | ⲉⲁⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eakskorkr | ⲉⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉⲁⲣⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ easkorkr, earskorkr, eareskorkr | ⲉⲁϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eafskorkr | ⲉⲁⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ easskorkr | ⲉⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eanskorkr | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eatetn̄skorkr | ⲉⲁⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eauskorkr | ⲉⲁ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ea- skorkr |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄piskorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄pk̄skorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄peskorkr, em̄pr̄skorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄pf̄skorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄ps̄skorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄pn̄skorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄petn̄skorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄pouskorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄pe- skorkr |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ entaïskorkr, n̄taïskorkr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ entakskorkr, n̄takskorkr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ entaskorkr, n̄taskorkr, entarskorkr, n̄tarskorkr, entareskorkr, n̄tareskorkr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ entafskorkr, n̄tafskorkr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ entasskorkr, n̄tasskorkr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ entanskorkr, n̄tanskorkr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ entatetn̄skorkr, n̄tatetn̄skorkr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ entauskorkr, n̄tauskorkr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ enta- skorkr, n̄ta- skorkr |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄piskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄pk̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄peskorkr, etem̄pr̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄pf̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄ps̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄pn̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄petn̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄pouskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄pe- skorkr |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ neaïskorkr | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ neakskorkr | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ neaskorkr, nearskorkr, neareskorkr | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ neafskorkr | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ neasskorkr | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ neanskorkr | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ neatetn̄skorkr | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ neauskorkr | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nea- skorkr |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄piskorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄pk̄skorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄peskorkr, nem̄pr̄skorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄pf̄skorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄ps̄skorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄pn̄skorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄petn̄skorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄pouskorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄pe- skorkr |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄taïskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄takskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄taskorkr, n̄tarskorkr, n̄tareskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄tafskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄tasskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄tanskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄tatetn̄skorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄tauskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄ta- skorkr |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄patiskorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄patk̄skorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄pateskorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄patf̄skorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄pats̄skorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄patn̄skorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄patetn̄skorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄patouskorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄pate- skorkr |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄patiskorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄patk̄skorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄pateskorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄patf̄skorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄pats̄skorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄patn̄skorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄patetn̄skorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄patouskorkr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ em̄pate- skorkr |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄patiskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄patk̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄pateskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄patf̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄pats̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄patn̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄patetn̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄patouskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etem̄pate- skorkr |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄patiskorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄patk̄skorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄pateskorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄patf̄skorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄pats̄skorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄patn̄skorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄patetn̄skorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄patouskorkr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nem̄pate- skorkr |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šaïskorkr | ϣⲁⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šakskorkr | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šareskorkr | ϣⲁϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šafskorkr | ϣⲁⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šasskorkr | ϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šanskorkr | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šatetn̄skorkr | ϣⲁⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šauskorkr | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šare- skorkr |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ meïskorkr | ⲙⲉⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ mekskorkr | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ mereskorkr | ⲙⲉϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ mefskorkr | ⲙⲉⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ messkorkr | ⲙⲉⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ menskorkr | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ metetn̄skorkr | ⲙⲉⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ meuskorkr | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ mere- skorkr |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ešaïskorkr | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ešakskorkr | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ešareskorkr | ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ešafskorkr | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ešasskorkr | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ešanskorkr | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ešatetn̄skorkr | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ešauskorkr | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ešare- skorkr |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emeïskorkr | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emekskorkr | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emereskorkr | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emefskorkr | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emesskorkr | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emenskorkr | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emetetn̄skorkr | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emeuskorkr | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emere- skorkr |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etešaïskorkr, ešaïskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etešakskorkr, ešakskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etešareskorkr, ešareskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etešafskorkr, ešafskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etešasskorkr, ešasskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etešanskorkr, ešanskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etešatetn̄skorkr, ešatetn̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etešauskorkr, ešauskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etešare- skorkr, ešare- skorkr |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etemeïskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etemekskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etemereskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etemefskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etemesskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etemenskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etemetetn̄skorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etemeuskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etemere- skorkr |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nešaïskorkr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nešakskorkr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nešareskorkr | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nešafskorkr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nešasskorkr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nešanskorkr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nešatetn̄skorkr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nešauskorkr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nešare- skorkr |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nemeïskorkr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nemekskorkr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nemereskorkr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nemefskorkr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nemesskorkr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nemenskorkr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nemetetn̄skorkr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nemeuskorkr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ nemere- skorkr |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emeïskorkr | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emekskorkr | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emereskorkr | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emefskorkr | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emesskorkr | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emenskorkr | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emetetn̄skorkr | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emeuskorkr | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ emere- skorkr |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eïeskorkr | ⲉⲕⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ekeskorkr | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ereskorkr | ⲉϥⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ efeskorkr | ⲉⲥⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eseskorkr | ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eneskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etetneskorkr | ⲉⲩⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eueskorkr | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ere- skorkr |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄naskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄nekskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄neskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄nefskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄nesskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄nenskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄netn̄skorkr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄neuskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄ne- skorkr |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ mariskorkr | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ marefskorkr | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ maresskorkr | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ marn̄skorkr | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ marouskorkr | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ mare- skorkr |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄pr̄traskorkr | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄pr̄trefskorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄pr̄tresskorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄pr̄trenskorkr | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄pr̄treuskorkr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ m̄pr̄tre- skorkr |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲧⲁⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄taskorkr, taskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲅⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄gskorkr, n̄kskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄teskorkr | ⲛ̄ϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄fskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄sskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄tn̄skorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄tetn̄skorkr | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄seskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄te- skorkr |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ tariskorkr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ tarekskorkr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ tareskorkr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ tarefskorkr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ taresskorkr | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ tarn̄skorkr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ taretn̄skorkr | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ tarouskorkr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ tare- skorkr |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄teriskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄terekskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄tereskorkr, n̄tererskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄terefskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄teresskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄tern̄skorkr, n̄terenskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄teretn̄skorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄terouskorkr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ n̄tere- skorkr |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šantiskorkr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šantk̄skorkr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šanteskorkr | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šantf̄skorkr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šants̄skorkr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šantn̄skorkr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šantetn̄skorkr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šantouskorkr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ šante- skorkr |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eïšanskorkr | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ekšanskorkr | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eršanskorkr, erešanskorkr | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ efšanskorkr | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ esšanskorkr | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ enšanskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etetn̄šanskorkr | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eušanskorkr | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eršan- skorkr |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ eïskorkr | ⲉⲕⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ekskorkr | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ereskorkr | ⲉϥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ efskorkr | ⲉⲥⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ esskorkr | ⲉⲛⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ enskorkr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ etetn̄skorkr | ⲉⲩⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ euskorkr | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ ere- skorkr |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 329
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 150