# 催

| 催 | U+50AC, &#20652; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50AC |
| ← 傫 [U+50AB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 傭 → [U+50AD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

催 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人山人土 (OUOG), four-corner 2221$_4$, composition ⿰亻崔)

#### Derived characters

* 𡀰, 𨮑, 𪝱

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 114, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1005
* Dae Jaweon: page 242, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 211, character 7
* Unihan data for U+50AC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 催
* Small seal scripts05875
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 嗺 | *ʔslo, *ʔsluːl, *sluːl, *ʔslul, *ʔslulʔ |
| 催 | *sʰluːl |
| 璀 | *sʰluːlʔ |
| 皠 | *sʰluːlʔ |
| 漼 | *sʰluːlʔ |
| 鏙 | *sʰluːlʔ |
| 摧 | *zluːl |
| 崔 | *zluːl, *sʰluːl |
| 慛 | *zluːl |
| 槯 | *zluːl |
| 繀 | *sluːls |
| 膗 | *zruːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰluːl) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 崔 (OC *zluːl, *sʰluːl).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cuī (cui$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceoi$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cui$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhui
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cui$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tshoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cuī
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cuei
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻui$^1$
*** Yale: tswēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuei
*** Palladius: цуй (cuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceoi$^1$
*** Yale: chēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûi
*** Hakka Romanization System: cui$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cui$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu̯i²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cui$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰui⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhui
*** Tâi-lô: tshui
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhuy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰui³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cui$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshui
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰui³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tshoe
*** MiniDict: tshoe$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tshoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰø⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: tshwoj
Rime :
| Character | 催 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 倉回切 |
| Baxter | tshwoj |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰuʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰuoi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰuɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰwəj/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰuᴀi/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰuɒi/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰuɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cuī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ceoi$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tʰˤuj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰluːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 催 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cuī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshwoj › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-tʰˁuj/ |
| English | urge, repress |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 催 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1877 |
| Phonetic component | 崔 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 崔 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰluːl/ |

### Definitions

催
* to urge; to push someone to do something
       dim$^2$ gaai$^2$ ngo$^5$ seng$^4$ jat$^6$ jiu$^3$ ceoi$^1$ nei$^5$ gaa$^3$? [Jyutping]
       Why do I always have to urge you?
       jau$^6$ hai$^6$ aa$^3$ maa$^1$ daa$^2$ din$^6$ waa$^{6-2}$ lai$^4$ ceoi$^1$ ngo$^5$ faan$^1$ uk$^1$ kei$^2$. [Jyutping]
       Mum was on the phone again, trying to get me to come home.
* to speed up; to accelerate

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 催 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 催 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 催 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 勸 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 催 |

### Compounds

* 三催四請／三催四请 (sāncuīsìqǐng)
* 催併／催并
* 催促 (cuīcù)
* 催化 (cuīhuà)
* 催化劑／催化剂 (cuīhuàjì)
* 催吐劑／催吐剂 (cuītùjì)
* 催告
* 催告書／催告书
* 催命 (cuīmìng)
* 催命符 (cuīmìng fú)
* 催命鬼
* 催奶 (cuīnǎi)
* 催批
* 催明鳥／催明鸟
* 催淚彈／催泪弹 (cuīlèidàn)
* 催淚瓦斯／催泪瓦斯 (cuīlèi wǎsī)
* 催熟 (cuīshú)
* 催生 (cuīshēng)
* 催產／催产 (cuīchǎn)
* 催眠 (cuīmián)
* 催眠劑／催眠剂 (cuīmiánjì)
* 催眠曲 (cuīmiánqǔ)
* 催眠術／催眠术 (cuīmiánshù)
* 催督 (cuīdū)
* 催科 (cuīkē)
* 催租
* 催芽
* 催花雨
* 催討／催讨 (cuītǎo)
* 催請／催请
* 催趲／催趱
* 催辦／催办 (cuībàn)
* 催迫
* 催逼 (cuībī)
* 催青
* 催魂
* 公示催告
* 督催
* 碎催
* 羯鼓催花
* 臘鼓頻催／腊鼓频催
* 頻催／频催
* 風催電／风催电

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* encourage; urge; persuade
* hold (a meeting), throw (a party), etc.

#### Readings

* Go-on: せ (se)
* Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
* Kun: もよおす (moyōsu, 催す, Jōyō)、うながす (unagasu, 催す)

#### Compounds

* 催(さい)告(こく) (saikoku)
* 催(さい)促(そく) (saisoku)
* 催(さい)眠(みん)術(じゅつ) (saiminjutsu)
* 催(さい)涙(るい) (sairui)
* 催(さい)涙(るい)弾(だん) (sairuidan)

## Korean
### Hanja

催 (eum 최 (choe))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

催: Hán Nôm readings: thôi, thòi, thui
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.