# 建造
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiànzào
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄗㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gin$^3$ zou$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kien-chho / kian-chho
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiàn-chǒ / kiàn-chō
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiànzào
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄗㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiànzào
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^4$-tsao$^4$
*** Yale: jyàn-dzàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianntzaw
*** Palladius: цзяньцзао (czjanʹczao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gin$^3$ zou$^6$
*** Yale: gin jouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gin$^3$ dzou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gin$^3$ zou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːn³³ t͡sou̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kien-chho
*** Hakka Romanization System: gien co
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gian$^4$ co$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯en⁵⁵ t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kian-chho
*** Hakka Romanization System: gian co
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gian$^4$ co$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯an⁵⁵ t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàn-chǒ
*** Tâi-lô: kiàn-tsǒ
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡so²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàn-chō
*** Tâi-lô: kiàn-tsō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiernzoi
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɤ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡so³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ t͡so²²/

### Verb

建造
* (transitive) to build; to construct

#### Synonyms

* 修建 (xiūjiàn)
* 修築／修筑 (xiūzhù)
* 塑建 (sùjiàn)
* 建構／建构 (jiàngòu) (something abstract)
* 建築／建筑 (jiànzhù) (literally or figuratively)
* 建設／建设 (jiànshè)
* 搭 (Hokkien)
* 搭建 (dājiàn)
* 搭蓋／搭盖 (dāgài) (a temporary structure)
* 搭設／搭设 (dāshè)
* 架構／架构 (jiàgòu)
* 構作／构作 (gòuzuò)
* 構建／构建 (gòujiàn) (something abstract)
* 構築／构筑 (gòuzhù)
* 構造／构造 (gòuzào)
* 營造／营造 (yíngzào)
* 版築／版筑 (bǎnzhù) (literary)
* 築／筑 (zhù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 築造／筑造 (zhùzào)
* 興修／兴修 (xīngxiū) (a large project)
* 興建／兴建 (xīngjiàn)
* 興築／兴筑 (xīngzhù) (literary)
* 起立 (qǐlì)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蓋, 建, 建造, 建築, 興建, 修建 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蓋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 蓋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 蓋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 建 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 蓋 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 蓋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 起 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 蓋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 蓋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 蓋, 起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 修, 起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 起, 修 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 起 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 蓋, 造 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蓋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 起 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 起 |
| Cantonese | Rongxian | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 做 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 起 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Mule) | 起, 整 |
| Cantonese | Pingnan | 起 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Gangcheng) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Pingdong) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 起 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 起, 做 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 做 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 起, 搭 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 起 |
| Cantonese | Bangkok (Guangfu) | 起 |
| Cantonese | Betong (Rongxian) | 起 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 起 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 做 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 起 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 起, 做 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 做 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 起 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 起 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 起 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 起 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 起 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 起 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 起 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 起 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 起 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 蓋 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 蓋 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 開 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 起 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 起 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 起 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 起 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 起 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 起 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 起 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 起 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 起 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Hat Yai (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 起 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 作 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 作 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 起 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 造 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 造, 起 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 造 |
| Wu | Danyang | 砌 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 造 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 起 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 起 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 起 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 起 |

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 建 | 造 |
| けん Grade: 4 | ぞう Grade: 5 |
| kan'on | on'yomi |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けんぞー [kèńzóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kẽ̞nd͡zo̞ː]

### Noun

建(けん)造(ぞう) • (kenzō)
* construction

#### Derived terms

* 建(けん)造(ぞう)物(ぶつ) (kenzōbutsu)

### Verb

建(けん)造(ぞう)する • (kenzō suru) transitive suru (stem 建(けん)造(ぞう)し (kenzō shi), past 建(けん)造(ぞう)した (kenzō shita))
* build, construct
    潜(せん)水(すい)艦(かん)を建(けん)造(ぞう)する
       sensuikan o kenzō suru
       construct a submarine

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 建造し | けんぞうし | kenzō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 建造し | けんぞうし | kenzō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 建造する | けんぞうする | kenzō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 建造する | けんぞうする | kenzō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 建造すれ | けんぞうすれ | kenzō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 建造せよ¹ 建造しろ² | けんぞうせよ¹ けんぞうしろ² | kenzō seyo¹ kenzō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 建造される | けんぞうされる | kenzō sareru |
| Causative | 建造させる 建造さす | けんぞうさせる けんぞうさす | kenzō saseru kenzō sasu |
| Potential | 建造できる | けんぞうできる | kenzō dekiru |
| Volitional | 建造しよう | けんぞうしよう | kenzō shiyō |
| Negative | 建造しない | けんぞうしない | kenzō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 建造せず | けんぞうせず | kenzō sezu |
| Formal | 建造します | けんぞうします | kenzō shimasu |
| Perfective | 建造した | けんぞうした | kenzō shita |
| Conjunctive | 建造して | けんぞうして | kenzō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 建造すれば | けんぞうすれば | kenzō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 建 | 造 |

### Noun

建造
* chữ Hán form of kiến tạo.

### Verb

建造
* chữ Hán form of kiến tạo.