# ꝭ

| ꝭ | U+A76D, &#42861; LATIN SMALL LETTER IS |
| ← Ꝭ [U+A76C] | Latin Extended-D | Ꝯ → [U+A76E] |

## Translingual
### Letter

ꝭ (upper case Ꝭ)
* (siglum) Scribal abbreviation of -us, scribal abbreviation of -is, or scribal abbreviation of -es.
** 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible) (in English), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew xxiij:[25], folio xxxiij, recto:Wo be to you ſcrybꝭ / ãd phariſes ypocritꝭ / for ye make clene the vtter ſide off the cuppe / and off the platter: but with in they are full of brybery and exceſſe.
*** 1836, The New Testament of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ: Published in 1526. Being the First Translation from the Greek into English, by That Eminent Scholar and Martyr, William Tyndale. Reprinted Verbatim: […] (in English), London: Samuel Bagster, Matthew xxiij:[25], folio xxj, verso:Wo be to you scrybes / and pharises ypocrites / for ye make clene the vtter side off the cuppe / and off the platter: but with in they are full of brybery and excesse.
** 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible) (in English), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Mark j:[1–2], folio xliij, verso:The begyñyng off the Goſpell of Ieſu Chriſt the ſonne off God / as yt ys written in the prophettꝭ […]
** 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible) (in English), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Mark j:[16], folio xliiij, recto:As he [Jesus] walked by the ſee of galile / he ſawe Simon and Andrewe his brother caſtinge nettꝭ in to the ſee / for they were fyſſhers.

### References

* Sara Norja (2012 April) “Seruyce is no herytagge”? Notions of Servanthood in Three Late Middle English Lyrics: An Edition of National Library of Scotland MS Advocates 19.3.1, ff. 91r–92v, University of Helsinki, page 45: “=Abbreviations also come in the form of suspensions (e.g. w$^t$) and special abbreviation symbols, e.g. <ꝭ> for -es and the Tironian et <⁊> standing for ‘and’.”
* Patrick Feaster (2018 July 1) “Reading Secretary Hand (and Sound Recordings, Too)”, in Griffonage-Dot-Com: Patrick Feaster’s Explorations in Historical Media: “We also see two forms of s: the “long s” in these, and a special form at the end of presentes—a loop up, backwards, and down (ꝭ)—used as an abbreviation for es.”
* Daisy Smith (2019) “The Predictability of {S} Abbreviation in Older Scots Manuscripts According to Stem-final Littera”, in Rhona Alcorn, Joanna Kopaczyk, Bettelou Los, Benjamin Molineaux, editors, Historical Dialectology in the Digital Age, Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, part III (Placing Features in Context), pages 190–191:The <ꝭ> abbreviation is discussed by Kopaczyk (2001), who found that it was most common in ME texts from Cumberland, but that the OSc manuscripts did not use it at all. Based on this finding, Kopaczyk (2001) speculates that the plural abbreviation symbol was not frequently used in Scotland and, on the evidence of the majority unabbreviated npl {S} form in Cumberland being <es>, that the abbreviation could be interpreted as standing for <es>. Having said this, Kopaczyk does acknowledge the impossibility of definitively assigning an equivalence relationship between the abbreviation and a particular orthographic representation of the inflection. Even if a scribe consistently used <es> whenever he did not abbreviate the inflection, it is not certain that he considered <ꝭ> a direct abbreviation of <es>.
* Päivi Tiitu (2019 April) How to Save Both Body and Soul: Editing and Contextualizing a Middle English Primer in Glasgow University Library MS Hunter 520, University of Helsinki, page 70: “ꝭ -is, -es, -us.”