# 靉靆
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): àidài
    (Zhuyin): ㄞˋ ㄉㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): oi$^2$ doi$^6$ / oi$^3$ doi$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ái-dâi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: àidài
*** Zhuyin: ㄞˋ ㄉㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: àidài
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^4$-tai$^4$
*** Yale: ài-dài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ayday
*** Palladius: айдай (ajdaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$愛戴／爱戴 靉靆／叆叇
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: oi$^2$ doi$^6$ / oi$^3$ doi$^6$
*** Yale: ói doih / oi doih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: oi$^2$ doi$^6$ / oi$^3$ doi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: oi$^2$ doi$^6$ / oi$^3$ doi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔːi̯³⁵ tɔːi̯²²/, /ɔːi̯³³ tɔːi̯²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ái-dâi
*** Sinological IPA : /ai²¹³⁻⁵³ $^{(t-)}$lɑi²⁴²/
* Middle Chinese: 'ojH dojH
Rime :
| Character | 靉 | 靆 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 烏代切 | 徒耐切 |
| Baxter | 'ojH | dojH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔʌi$^H$/ | /dʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔəi$^H$/ | /dəi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɒi$^H$/ | /dɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔəj$^H$/ | /dəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔᴀi$^H$/ | /dᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɒi$^H$/ | /dɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔɑ̆i$^H$/ | /dʱɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ài | dài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | oi$^3$ | doi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qɯːds l'ɯːds/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 靉 | 靆 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4 | 7956 |
| Phonetic component | 愛 | 隶 |
| Rime group | 隊 | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 愛 | 代 |
| Old Chinese | /*qɯːds/ | /*l'ɯːds/ |
| Notes | | 見楚辭遠遊 |

### Etymology 1

Native reduplicative ideophone.

#### Adjective

靉靆
* (literary, ideophonic, of clouds) thick
* (literary, ideophonic, of the sky) gloomy; dark; cloudy

##### Derived terms

* 氤氳靉靆／氤氲叆叇

### Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of a word from an unidentified foreign language (pronounced ai-dai, ai-na, etc.), since the 15th century CE (Chiu, 1936). Frequently cited etymons are Arabic عُوَيْنات (ʕuwaynāt), الْعُوَيْنات (al-ʕuwaynāt, “spectacles”, literally “little eyes”) and Persian عینک ('eynak, “spectacles”), both derived from Arabic عَيْن (ʕayn, “eye”) (Chiu, 1936; Needham, 1962: 118–121; Hong, 1994; Chiu, 2015).
Semantically, the sense “eyeglasses” was associated with Etymology 1, the interpretation being that eyeglasses are what cover the eyes to allow one to see more clearly, akin to the way clouds cover the sky, according to Liuqing rizha (《留青日札》, 1573 CE) by Ming-dynasty scholar Tian Yiheng.

#### Noun

靉靆
* (literary, obsolete) eyeglasses; spectacles
    From: 16th century, Tian Yiheng (田藝蘅), 《留青日札》
    Àidài rú dàqián...... Sè rú yúnmǔ. Lǎorén mùlì hūnjuàn, bù biàn xìshū, yǐ cǐ yǎn mù. Jīngshén bù sàn, bǐhuà bèi míng....... Chū yú Xīyù Mǎnlìguó. [Pinyin]
    Ai-tai resemble big coins […] and their color is like talc. When eyes of old people are dizzy and tired, and cannot read fine print, they put ai-tai over their eyes, then their concentration will not be dispersed and the strokes of the characters will appear doubly clear. […] Ai-tai come from Malacca in the West [sic].
    alt. forms: 僾逮／𫣊逮, 矮納／矮纳

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 靉靆, 眼鏡 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 眼鏡 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 眼鏡 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 眼鏡兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 眼鏡 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 眼鏡兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 眼鏡, 鏡子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 眼鏡兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 眼鏡兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 眼鏡兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 眼鏡 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 眼鏡 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 眼鏡兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 眼鏡兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 眼鏡兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 眼鏡兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 眼鏡, 鏡子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 眼鏡子, 鏡子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 眼鏡兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 眼鏡兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 眼鏡 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 眼鏡 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 眼鏡 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 眼鏡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 眼鏡兒, 二餅兒 derogatory |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 眼鏡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 眼鏡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 眼鏡, 鏡子 dated, 二柄子 derogatory |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 眼鏡兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 眼鏡兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 眼鏡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 眼鏡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 眼鏡兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 眼鏡, 眼鏡子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 眼鏡, 眼鏡兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 眼鏡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 眼鏡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子, 眼鏡兒子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 眼鏡, 二餅 humorous |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 眼鏡, 鏡子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 眼鏡子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 眼鏡, 眼鏡兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子, 鏡子, 二軲轆 humorous |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 眼鏡子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 眼鏡 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 眼鏡子, 鏡子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 眼鏡兒, 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 眼鏡兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 眼鏡, 眼鏡子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 眼鏡兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 眼鏡兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 眼鏡, 鏡子 dated, 玻璃 humorous |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 眼鏡, 鏡子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 眼鏡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 眼鏡子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 眼鏡, 二餅 humorous |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 眼鏡子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 眼鏡 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 眼鏡子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 眼鏡 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 眼鏡, 眼睛罩 dated |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 眼鏡子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 眼鏡子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 眼鏡兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 眼鏡, 鏡子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 眼鏡, 眼枷 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 眼鏡, 二文錢 dated |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 眼鏡 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 眼鏡 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 眼鏡子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 眼鏡 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 目鏡, 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Changting | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) | 目鏡, 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Zhongshan) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Zhongbao) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Laiyuan) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 眼枷仔 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 眼枷仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 目鏡 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Meixian) | 眼鏡 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Fengshun) | 目鏡 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 眼鏡 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 眼鏡 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 眼鏡 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Jin | Datong | 眼鏡兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 眼鏡, 二餅子 derogatory |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 眼鏡兒 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 眼鏡兒 |
| Jin | Linhe | 眼鏡 |
| Jin | Jining | 眼鏡兒 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 眼鏡 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 眼鏡兒 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 眼鏡子, 鏡子 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Jin | Handan | 眼鏡 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 眼鏡 |
| Jin | Suide | 眼鏡 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 眼鏡 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 眼鏡 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 眼鏡 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 眼鏡 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 眼鏡 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 眼鏡 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 眼鏡 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 眼鏡 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 眼鏡 |
| Eastern Min | Youxi | 眼鏡 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 眼鏡 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 眼鏡 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 眼鏡 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Phnom Penh (Teochew) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 目鏡 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 目鏡 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 目鏡 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 目鏡 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 目鏡 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 目鏡 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 目鏡 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 目鏡 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 目鏡 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 眼鏡, 目鏡 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 目鏡 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 眼鏡 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 眼鏡 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 目鏡 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 眼鏡, 眼枷 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 眼鏡子 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 眼鏡 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 眼鏡, 托力克 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 眼鏡 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 眼鏡 |
| Wu | Danyang | 眼鏡子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 眼鏡兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 蔡眼 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 眼鏡, 眼視鏡 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 眼鏡 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 眼鏡 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 眼鏡 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 眼鏡 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 眼鏡 |

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 靉靆(あいたい) (aitai)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 靉 | 靆 |
| あい Hyōgai | たい Hyōgai |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spelling
* 靄靆

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 靉靆 (MC 'ojH dojH).
The “eyeglasses” sense is a borrowing of Mandarin 靉靆／叆叇 (àidài).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あいたい [àítáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠ita̠i]

### Adjective

靉(あい)靆(たい) • (aitai) $^†$-tari (adnominal 靉(あい)靆(たい)とした (aitai to shita) or 靉(あい)靆(たい)たる (aitai taru), adverbial 靉(あい)靆(たい)と (aitai to) or 靉(あい)靆(たい)として (aitai to shite))
* (of clouds) cloudy, dark
* (of feelings) dark, gloomy

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 靉靆たら | あいたいたら | aitaitara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 靉靆と$^{[1]}$ 靉靆たり$^{[2]}$ | あいたいと あいたいたり | aitaito aitaitari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 靉靆たり | あいたいたり | aitaitari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 靉靆たる | あいたいたる | aitaitaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 靉靆たれ | あいたいたれ | aitaitare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 靉靆たれ | あいたいたれ | aitaitare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 靉靆たらず | あいたいたらず | aitaitarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 靉靆たれど | あいたいたれど | aitaitaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 靉靆たれば | あいたいたれば | aitaitareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 靉靆たらば | あいたいたらば | aitaitaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 靉靆たりき | あいたいたりき | aitaitariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 靉靆たりけり | あいたいたりけり | aitaitarikeri |
| Adverbial | 靉靆と | あいたいと | aitaito |
| $^{[1]}$Without auxiliary verb. $^{[2]}$With auxiliary verb. ||||

### Noun

靉(あい)靆(たい) • (aitai)
* eyeglasses, spectacles
    Synonym: 眼鏡 (megane)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN