# 瑁

| 瑁 | U+7441, &#29761; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7441 |
| ← 瑀 [U+7440] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瑂 → [U+7442] |

## Translingual
### Han character

瑁 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一土日月山 (MGABU), four-corner 1616$_0$, composition ⿰𤣩冒)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 736, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21096
* Dae Jaweon: page 1147, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1126, character 5
* Unihan data for U+7441

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 瑁
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 媢 | *mɯɡs, *muːʔ, *muːɡs, *muːɡ |
| 冃 | *muːɡs |
| 冒 | *muːɡs, *mɯːɡ |
| 帽 | *muːɡs |
| 瑁 | *muːɡs, *mɯːɡs, *muːɡ |
| 賵 | *m̥ʰuŋs |
| 艒 | *mɯːɡ, *muːɡ, *muːɡ |
| 萺 | *muːɡ, *muɡ |
| 勗 | *hmoɡ |
| 勖 | *hmoɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *muːɡs, *mɯːɡs, *muːɡ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 冒 (OC *muːɡs, *mɯːɡ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mào (mao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mou$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mào
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mào
*** Wade–Giles: mao$^4$
*** Yale: màu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maw
*** Palladius: мао (mao)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^6$
*** Yale: mouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²²/
* Middle Chinese: mawH
Rime :
| Character | 瑁 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫報切 |
| Baxter | mawH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɑu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mɑu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɑu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /mɑu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /mɑu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mɑu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*muːɡs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瑁 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 8918 |
| Phonetic component | 冃 |
| Rime group | 奧 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 冃 |
| Old Chinese | /*muːɡs/ |

#### Definitions

瑁
* jade used by Son of Heaven to be pieced together with feudal lords' ceremonical jade gui (圭)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mào, mèi
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄠˋ, ㄇㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mui$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mào
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mào
*** Wade–Giles: mao$^4$
*** Yale: màu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maw
*** Palladius: мао (mao)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mèi
*** Wade–Giles: mei$^4$
*** Yale: mèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mey
*** Palladius: мэй (mɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /meɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mui$^6$
*** Yale: muih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mui$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mui$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /muːi̯²²/
* Middle Chinese: mwojH, mowk
Rime :
| Character | 瑁 | 瑁 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) | 沃 (6) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 莫佩切 | 莫沃切 |
| Baxter | mwojH | mowk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muʌi$^H$/ | /muok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muoi$^H$/ | /muok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muɒi$^H$/ | /mok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwəj$^H$/ | /mawk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /muᴀi$^H$/ | /mok̚/ |
| Wang Li | /muɒi$^H$/ | /muok̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /muɑ̆i$^H$/ | /muok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mèi | mù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mui$^6$ | muk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mɯːɡs/, /*muːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瑁 | 瑁 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 8920 | 8925 |
| Phonetic component | 冃 | 冃 |
| Rime group | 代 | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 妹 | 瑁 |
| Old Chinese | /*mɯːɡs/ | /*muːɡ/ |
| Notes | 見淮南子玳瑁 | 見子虛賦，漢書作毒冒 |

#### Definitions

瑁
* Only used in 玳瑁 (dàimào, dàimèi).

#### Compounds

* 玳瑁 (dàimào)
* 玳瑁梁
* 玳瑁筵

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02589
* “瑁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* jade used by emperor of China

#### Readings

* Go-on: まい (mai)、もう (mō)
* Kan-on: ばい (bai)、ぼう (bō)

## Korean
### Hanja

瑁 • (mo, mae) (hangeul 모, 매, revised mo, mae, McCune–Reischauer mo, mae, Yale mo, may)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Chữ Hán

瑁: Hán Việt readings: mội (莫(mạc)佩(bội)切(thiết)), mạo (莫(mạc)報(báo)切(thiết)), mại, mồi
瑁: Nôm readings: mồi, mùi, mao
* chữ Hán form of mội (“only used in 玳瑁 (đại mội)”).
* chữ Hán form of mạo (“imperial jade used in ancient China”).
* Nôm form of mồi (“tortoise shell”).

#### Compounds

* 玳瑁 (đại mội)
* 玳瑁 (đồi mồi)

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).