# मृद्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* মৃদ্ (Assamese script)
* ᬫᬺᬤ᭄ (Balinese script)
* মৃদ্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰦𑰴𑰟𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀫𑀾𑀤𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* မၖဒ် (Burmese script)
* મૃદ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਮ੍ਰਦ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌮𑍃𑌦𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦩꦽꦢ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂧𑃂𑂠𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಮೃದ್ (Kannada script)
* ម្ឫទ៑ (Khmer script)
* ມ຺ຣິທ຺ (Lao script)
* മൃദ് (Malayalam script)
* ᠮᡵᡳᡩ (Manchu script)
* 𑘦𑘵𑘟𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠮᠷᠢᢑ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧆𑧖𑦿𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐩𑐺𑐡𑑂 (Newa script)
* ମୃଦ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢪꢺꢣ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆩𑆸𑆢𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖦𑖴𑖟𑖿 (Siddham script)
* මෘද් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩴𑩙𑩭 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚢𑚛𑚶 (Takri script)
* ம்ரித்³ (Tamil script)
* మృద్ (Telugu script)
* มฺฤทฺ (Thai script)
* མྲྀ་ད྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒧𑒵𑒠𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨢𑨼𑨉𑨛𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /mŕ̩d/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /mr̩d̪/
* (Vedic) IPA: /mr̩d/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /mr̩d̪/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mŕ̥ts, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mŕ̥ts, from Proto-Indo-European *mĺ̥dʰ-s. Cognate with मृदु (mṛdu, “soft, weak”) Ancient Greek μάλθη (málthē), Old English molde (whence English mold).

#### Noun

मृद् • (mṛ́d) stem, f
* earth, soil, clay, loam
* a piece of earth, lump of clay
* a kind of fragrant earth
* aluminous slate

##### Descendants

* → Tamil: மிருதை (mirutai)

### Etymology 2

From a conflation of two roots, Proto-Indo-European *(s)merd- (“to hurt, sting”) (represented by मर्द् (mard, “to crush”)) and *mled-, *(s)meld- (“to be soft, melt”) (represented by म्रद् (mrad, “to be weak, soft”)). The two roots became confused within Indo-Aryan early on during the Vedic era. Examples for each root include मर्दति (mardati) for the former, and विम्रद् (vimrad, “to soften”) and perhaps मृदु (mṛdu) for the latter.

#### Alternative forms

* मर्द् (mard, “to crush”), म्रद् (mrad, “to be soft”)

#### Root

मृद् • (mṛd)
* to press, squeeze, crush, smash, trample down, tread upon,
* to destroy, kill, waste, ravage, kill, slay
* to rub, stroke, wipe (e.g. the forehead)
* to rub into, mingle with
* to rub against, touch, pass through (a constellation)
* to overcome, surpass

##### Derived terms

* मृद्नाति (mṛdnāti, Present)
* मर्दति (mardati, Present)
* मर्दिष्यति (mardiṣyati, Future)
* अमर्दीत् (amardīt, Aorist)
* मृद्यात् (mṛdyāt, Benedictive)
* ममर्द (mamarda, Perfect)
* मृद्यते (mṛdyáte, Passive)
* मर्दयति (mardayati, Causative)
* अमीमृदत् (amīmṛdat, Causative Aorist)
* अममर्दत् (amamardat, Causative Aorist)
* मर्द्यते (mardyate, Passive of Causative)
* मिमर्दिषति (mimardiṣati, Desiderative)
* मर्मर्त्ति (marmartti, Intensive)
* मरीमर्त्ति (marīmartti, Intensive)
* मरीमृद्यते (marīmṛdyate, Intensive)
* मृदित (mṛditá, Past Participle)
* मर्दितुम् (marditum, Infinitive)
* मर्दितोस् (marditos, Infinitive)
* म्रदे (mradé, Infinitive)
* मृदित्वा (mṛditvā, Gerund)
* मृद्य (mṛ́dya, Gerund)
* मर्द्य (mardya, Gerundive)
* मर्दनीय (mardanīya, Gerundive)
* मर्दितव्य (marditavya, Gerundive)
* मिमर्दिषु (mimardiṣu, Desiderative Participle)
* मिमर्दयिषु (mimardayiṣu, Desiderative Participle of Causative)
* मर्द (marda)
* मर्दक (mardaka)
* मर्दन (márdana)
* मर्दितृ (marditṛ)
* मर्दिन् (mardin)
* मृदु (mṛdú)
* म्रदस् (mradas)
* प्रमृद् (pramṛd)
* विमृद् (vimṛd)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “मृद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 830, columns 1-2.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 126
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “मृद्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “मृद्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
* Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “mṛd”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 328; 372; 386-7
* Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 373
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 735
* ↑ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 303
* ↑ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 316-7
* ↑ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 179-80