# 先輩
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiānbèi
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢ ㄅㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sin$^1$ bui$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siên-phi / sên-pái
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sian-pòe / siăn-pái
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shi-pe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiānbèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ ㄅㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sianbèi
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^1$-pei$^4$
*** Yale: syān-bèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shianbey
*** Palladius: сяньбэй (sjanʹbɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$先輩／先辈 仙貝／仙贝
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sin$^1$ bui$^3$
*** Yale: sīn bui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sin$^1$ bui$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xin$^1$ bui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːn⁵⁵ puːi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siên-phi / sên-pái
*** Hakka Romanization System: xien$^ˊ$ pi / sen$^ˊ$ bai$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xian$^1$ pi$^4$ / sen$^1$ bai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰi⁵⁵/, /sen²⁴ pai̯³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sian-pòe
*** Tâi-lô: sian-puè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sienpoex
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² pue²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ pue¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ pue²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn³³ pue⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siăn-pái
*** Tâi-lô: sia̋n-pái
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn³⁵ pai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɛn³⁵ pai⁵³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$shi-pe
*** MiniDict: shi$^平$ pe
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$xi-pe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕi⁵⁵ pe²¹/
* Middle Chinese: sen pwojH
Rime :
| Character | 先 | 輩 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV | I |
| Fanqie | 蘇前切 | 補妹切 |
| Baxter | sen | pwojH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sen/ | /puʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sen/ | /puoi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɛn/ | /puɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɛn/ | /pwəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /sen/ | /puᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /sien/ | /puɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /sien/ | /puɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiān | bèi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sin$^1$ | bui$^3$ |

### Noun

先輩
* older generation; senior; elder
* ancestor; predecessor

#### Synonyms

* (older generation):
* 上一代 (shàng yīdài)
* 上輩／上辈 (shàngbèi)
* 前輩／前辈 (qiánbèi)
* 老人 (lǎorén)
* 老勻／老匀 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 老輩／老辈 (lǎobèi)
* 長輩／长辈 (zhǎngbèi)
* (ancestor):
* 上輩／上辈 (shàngbèi)
* 上輩子／上辈子 (shàngbèizi)
* 先人 (xiānrén)
* 先代 (xiāndài) (literary)
* 先古 (xiāngǔ) (literary)
* 先君 (xiānjūn) (literary)
* 先祖 (xiānzǔ) (literary)
* 公婆 (Hokkien)
* 公媽／公妈 (Min Nan)
* 早勻／早匀 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 父祖 (fùzǔ) (literary)
* 皇考 (huángkǎo) (archaic)
* 祖上 (zǔshàng)
* 祖先 (zǔxiān)
* 祖宗 (zǔzōng)
* 老祖宗
* 老輩／老辈 (lǎobèi)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “older generation”):
* 下一代 (xià yīdài)
* 下勻／下匀 (Hokkien)
* 下輩／下辈 (xiàbèi)
* 小輩子／小辈子 (xiao$^3$ bei$^4$ zi$^3$) (Sichuanese)
* 序細／序细 (Hokkien)
* 後輩／后辈 (hòubèi)
* 晚輩／晚辈 (wǎnbèi)
* 細輩／细辈 (soi$^3$ buê$^3$) (Teochew)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 先輩(せんぱい) (senpai)
* → Korean: 선배(先輩) (seonbae)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 先 | 輩 |
| せん Grade: 1 | はい > ぱい Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Alternative forms

* (slang) パイセン (paisen)

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 先輩 (MC sen pwojH). Doublet of ソンベ (sonbe).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せんぱい [sèńpáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sẽ̞mpa̠i]

### Noun

先(せん)輩(ぱい) • (senpai)
* a person who entered one’s school earlier
** an upperclassman
** an older alumnus (graduate) of one’s school
* a person who entered one’s workplace earlier; a senior; one who has seniority
* an elder (one who is older)
* a person who is higher in social standing or level of education, skill, or experience; a superior

#### Usage notes

Can be used after a person’s name as an honorific.

#### Coordinate terms

* 後輩(こうはい) (kōhai)
* 同輩(どうはい) (dōhai)

#### Derived terms

* 先輩面(せんぱいづら) (senpaizura)

#### Related terms

* 先生(せんせい) (sensei)

#### Descendants

* → English: senpai, sempai
* → Hokkien: 先輩／先辈 (in Taiwan)
* → Korean: 센빠이 (senppai)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 先 | 輩 |

### Noun

先輩 • (seonbae) (hangeul 선배)
* hanja form of 선배 (“a senior or elder in an organization; an upperclassman”)