# सपत्नी
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सपत्नी (sapátnī). Doublet of सौत (saut).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /sə.pət̪.niː/, [sɐ.pɐt̪̚.niː]

### Noun

सपत्नी • (sapatnī) f (Urdu spelling سپتنی)
* (literary) a co-wife, rival wife
** 1984, डॉ॰ प्यारेलाल शुक्ल, भक्तिकालीन काव्य में चित्रित नारी-जीवन‎, Allahabad: Sāhityavāṇī, →OCLC, page 335:कैकेयी की सपत्नी-ईर्ष्या में उसका पुत्र-प्रेम कारण बन गया। पुत्र का हित बाधित होता देख कर उसकी सपत्नी-ईर्ष्या जाग उठती है।kaikeyī kī sapatnī-īrṣyā mẽ uskā putra-prem kāraṇ ban gayā. putra kā hit bādhit hotā dekh kar uskī sapatnī-īrṣyā jāg uṭhtī hai.Kaikeyi's jealousy for her co-wife was caused by her love for her son. Seeing her son's well-being obstructed would awaken her jealousy for her co-wife.

#### Declension
### References

* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “सपत्नी”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 4947

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* সপত্নী (Assamese script)
* ᬲᬧᬢ᭄ᬦᬷ (Balinese script)
* সপত্নী (Bengali script)
* 𑰭𑰢𑰝𑰿𑰡𑰱 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀲𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀦𑀻 (Brahmi script)
* သပတ္နီ (Burmese script)
* સપત્ની (Gujarati script)
* ਸਪਤ੍ਨੀ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌸𑌪𑌤𑍍𑌨𑍀 (Grantha script)
* ꦱꦥꦠ꧀ꦤꦷ (Javanese script)
* 𑂮𑂣𑂞𑂹𑂢𑂲 (Kaithi script)
* ಸಪತ್ನೀ (Kannada script)
* សបត្នី (Khmer script)
* ສປຕ຺ນີ (Lao script)
* സപത്നീ (Malayalam script)
* ᠰᠠᢒᠠᢠᠨᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
* 𑘭𑘢𑘝𑘿𑘡𑘲 (Modi script)
* ᠰᠠᢒᠠᢐᠨᠢᠢ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧍𑧂𑦽𑧠𑧁𑧓 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐳𑐥𑐟𑑂𑐣𑐷 (Newa script)
* ସପତ୍ନୀ (Odia script)
* ꢱꢦꢡ꣄ꢥꢷ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆱𑆥𑆠𑇀𑆤𑆵 (Sharada script)
* 𑖭𑖢𑖝𑖿𑖡𑖱 (Siddham script)
* සපත‍්නී (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪁𑩰𑩫 𑪙𑩯𑩑𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚨𑚞𑚙𑚶𑚝𑚯 (Takri script)
* ஸபத்நீ (Tamil script)
* సపత్నీ (Telugu script)
* สปตฺนี (Thai script)
* ས་པ་ཏྣཱི (Tibetan script)
* 𑒮𑒣𑒞𑓂𑒢𑒲 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨰𑨞𑨙𑩇𑨝𑨁𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sapátniH, from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-pót-nih₂, from *sm̥- (“together, co-”) + *pótnih₂ (“wife”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬚𐬥𐬍 (hapaθnī, “co-wife”), Pashto بن (bën). By surface analysis, स- (sa-, copulative prefix) +‎ पत्नी (pátnī, “wife”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /sɐ.pɐ́t.niː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /s̪ɐˈpɐt̪.n̪iː/

### Noun

सपत्नी • (sapátnī) stem, f
* a co-wife, rival wife; another wife of one’s polygamous husband
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.145.1:इमां खनाम्योषधिं वीरुधं बलवत्तमाम्। यया सपत्नीं बाधते यया संविन्दते पतिम्॥imāṃ khanāmyoṣadhiṃ vīrudhaṃ balavattamām. yayā sapatnīṃ bādhate yayā saṃvindate patim.From out the earth I dig this plant, a herb of most effectual power, Wherewith one quells the co-wife and gains the husband for herself.
** c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 2.8.37:दर्पान्निराकृता पूर्वं त्वया सौभाग्यवत्तया । राममाता सपत्नी ते कथं वैरं न शातयेत् ॥darpānnirākṛtā pūrvaṃ tvayā saubhāgyavattayā. rāmamātā sapatnī te kathaṃ vairaṃ na śātayet.Out of your fortune [being the favourite wife of the husband] you slighted her earlier with [your] pride. How will she, Rama's mother, your co-wife [Kausalya] remain without retaliating?
** c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 2.7.8:विद्धः सपत्न्य्उदितपत्त्रिभिरन्ति राज्ञो बालोऽपि सन्नुपगतस्तपसे वनानि । तस्मा अदाद् ध्रुवगतिं गृणते प्रसन्नो दिव्याः स्तुवन्ति मुनयो यदुपर्यधस्तात् ॥viddhaḥ sapatnyuditapattribhiranti rājño bāloʼpi sannupagatastapase vanāni. tasmā adād dhruvagatiṃ gṛṇate prasanno divyāḥ stuvanti munayo yaduparyadhastāt.Insulted by the sharp words [lit. arrows] spoken by the co-wife before the king, the boy [Dhruva] took to do tapas in forests. A pleased [Vishnu] gave to the extolling Dhruva, a firm position [as Polaris star], which is lauded even by divine munis.

#### Descendants

* Pali: sapattī
* Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (savattī), 𑀲𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (saüttī)
** Hindustani: saut
    Hindi: सौत
    Urdu: سوت
** Old Marathi: savatī
    Devanagari script: सवती
    Modi script: 𑘭𑘪𑘝𑘲
*** Marathi: सवत (savat)
* ⇒ Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀡𑀻 (savattiṇī)
** Hindi: सौतन (sautan)
* → Hindi: सपत्नी (sapatnī) (learned)

### References

* ↑ Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 585: “PIIr. *sa-pátniH-”

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “सपत्नी”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1149.
* Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “sapatnī”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “सपत्नी”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1625
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “सपत्नी”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 334
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sapátnī”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 760