# فردوس
## Arabic
### Etymology

An Iranian borrowing, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *paridayjah. According to Eilers, an Iranian form *parādēs, which resembles the very common broken plural pattern فَعَالِيق (faʕālīq), was perhaps borrowed as a plural فَرَادِيس (farādīs) and the singular فِرْدَوْس (firdaws) created as a back-formation from it. However, the plural فَرَادِيس (farādīs) could have been borrowed from Ancient Greek παράδεισος (parádeisos) instead.

### Noun

فِرْدَوْس • (firdaws) m or f (plural فَرَادِيس (farādīs))
* a group of gardens, Elysium, Eden, heaven, Heaven, paradise
    Synonyms: جَنَّة (janna), نَعِيم (naʕīm)
    Antonyms: سَعِير (saʕīr), لَظَىٰ (laẓā), النَّار (an-nār), جَهَنَّم (jahannam), جَحِيم (jaḥīm), حُطَمَة (ḥuṭama), سَقَر (saqar), هَاوِيَة (hāwiya)
** The Paradise/Firdaus; the highest place in the celestial garden.
    Antonym: دَرْك (dark)

#### Related terms

* اَلْفِرْدَوْس (al-firdaws)
* فِرْدَوْسِيّ (firdawsiyy)

#### Descendants

* Hijazi Arabic: فردوس (firdōs)
* → Classical Persian: فردوس (firdaus)
** Dari: فردوس (firdaus)
** Iranian Persian: فردوس (ferdous)
** Tajik: фирдавс (firdavs)
** → Pashto: فردوس (firdaws)
** → Urdu: فردوس (firdaus)
** → Bengali: ফেরদৌস (pherdōus)
* → Ottoman Turkish: فردوس (firdevs)
** Turkish: firdevs

### References

* ↑ Eilers, Wilhelm (1962) “Iranisches Lehngut im arabischen Lexikon”, in Indo-Iranian Journal (in German), volume 5, number 3, page 206

## Malay
### Noun

فردوس
* Jawi spelling of firdaus‎.

### Proper noun

فردوس
* Jawi spelling of Firdaus‎.

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic فِرْدَوْس (firdaws, “paradise, Heaven”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *paridayjah.

### Noun

فردوس • (firdevs) (definite accusative فردوسی (firdevsi), plural فرادیس (ferâdis))
* (originally) garden, park, any outdoor, luxuriant area where plants are grown for ornamental purposes
    Synonyms: باغ (bağ), باغچه (bağçe), جنت (cennet)
* (religion) Heaven, paradise, the abode of God or the gods, when considered as a specific location
    Synonyms: اوچماق (uçmak), جنت (cennet)

#### Derived terms

* فردوس آشیان (firdevs aşiyan, “deceased, received to Glory”)
* فردوسی (firdevsî, “heavenly, paradisiac”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: firdevs

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “firdevs”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1596
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “firdevs”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 320
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “فردوس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 892
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Paradisus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1240
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “فردوس”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3492
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “firdevs”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “فردوس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1374

## Pashto
### Etymology

From Persian فردوس.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɪrˈd̪aws/

### Noun

فردوس • (firdaws) m
* the highest level of paradise

#### Synonyms

* جنت (jannat)

## Persian
### Etymology

Reborrowed from Arabic فِرْدَوْس (firdaws), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *paridayjah, like the native پالیز (pâlêz, pâliz).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [fiɾ.ˈdaws]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fɪɾ.d̪ǽws]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fɪɾ.d̪ǽws]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [fɪɾ.d̪ǽws]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [fiɾ.d̪ǽws]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [feɹ.d̪óws]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [fiɾ.d̪ǽws]

### Noun

| Dari | فردوس |
| Iranian Persian | فردوس |
| Tajik | фирдавс |
فردوس • (ferdows) (plural فرادیس (farâdis))
* paradise
* garden, vineyard
* fertile valley

#### Synonyms

* پردیس (pardis)
* (paradise): بهشت (behešt)
* (garden): باغ (bâğ)

#### Derived terms

* فردوسی (ferdowsi)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian فردوس (firdaws), from Arabic فِرْدَوْس (firdaws), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *paridayjah.

### Noun

فردوس • (firdaus) m (Hindi spelling फ़िरदौस)
* paradise
* garden