# करना
## Hindi
### Etymology

* Hindi verb set
* करना (karnā)
* कराना (karānā)
* करवाना (karvānā)
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁂𑀇 (karei), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑁄𑀢𑀺 (karoti), from Sanskrit क॒रोति॑ (karóti), from कृ॒णोति॑ (kṛṇóti), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥náwti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- + *-néwti. Cognate with Punjabi ਕਰਨਾ (karnā), Nepali गर्नु (garnu), Persian کردن (kardan).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kəɾ.nɑː/, [kɐɾ.näː]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -əɾnɑː, -ɑː
* Hyphenation: कर‧ना

### Verb

करना • (karnā) (Urdu spelling کرنا)
* (transitive) to do (to perform or execute, to commit)
    कर देना ― kar denā ― to accomplish, complete
    कर लेना ― kar lenā ― to do (for oneself), to decide and do
    कर सकना ― kar saknā ― to be able to do
    कर पाना ― kar pānā ― to have succeeded in doing
    कर दिखाना ― kar dikhānā ― to show that it can be done, prove
    फ़र्ज़ करना ― farz karnā ― to perform one's duty
    तू क्या कर रहा है? ― tū kyā kar rahā hai? ― What are you doing?
    कर्तव्य कर्म करना चाहिए।kartavya karm karnā cāhie.One must do the necessary work.
    हम बनारस को तीर्थयात्रा करेंगे।ham banāras ko tīrthayātrā kareṅge.We will make a pilgrimage to Varanasi.
* (transitive) to work, do work
    उसकी बहन क्या करती है?uskī bahan kyā kartī hai?What work does his sister do?
    Synonym: काम करना (kām karnā)
* (transitive) to make, create
    गड़बड़ी करना ― gaṛabṛī karnā ― to make a mess
* (transitive) to cause to become, to render
    मैं हमेशा आपकी सहायता करूँगा।ma͠i hameśā āpkī sahāytā karūṅgā.I will always render help to you.
    फ्रेंच करना ― phrẽc karnā ― to render (translate) into French
* (transitive) to engage, involve, enlist, hire
    टैक्सी करना ― ṭaiksī karnā ― to hire a taxi
* (transitive) an element of a compound verb: makes most (especially borrowed) adjectives and nouns into verbs
    मैं जंप करते समय गिर पड़ा। ― ma͠i jamp karte samay gir paṛā. ― I fell while jumping.
    साफ़ करना ― sāf karnā ― to clean
    ग़लती करना ― ġaltī karnā ― to make a mistake; do incorrectly
    डांस करना ― ḍāns karnā ― to dance
    See Category:Hindi compound verbs formed with करना for more.
* (transitive, auxiliary) to do habitually
    मैं रोज़ परिवार के साथ खाया करता था।ma͠i roz parivār ke sāth khāyā kartā thā.I used to eat with my family every day.

#### Usage notes

In Hinglish, English verbs are conjugated as compound verbs with करना (karnā). For example, clean is used as such:
    अपनी क़मीज़ को पहले क्लीन करो/करें।apnī qamīz ko pahle clean karo/karẽ.Clean your shirt first.

#### Conjugation

$^1$The participle किये (kiye) can also be spelled without the y: किए (kie).
$^1$The participle किये (kiye) can also be spelled without the y: किए (kie). $^2$The forms कीजिये (kījiye) and कीजियेगा (kījiyegā) can also be spelled without the y: कीजिए (kījie) and कीजिएगा (kījiegā). $^3$The forms करिये (kariye) and करियेगा (kariyegā) can also be spelled without the y: करिए (karie) and करिएगा (kariegā).

### Further reading

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “करना”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “करना”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “करना”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
* “करना”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “करना”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “करना”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House