# 黜

| 黜 | U+9EDC, &#40668; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9EDC |
| ← 黛 [U+9EDB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 黝 → [U+9EDD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

黜 (Kangxi radical 203, 黑+5, 17 strokes, cangjie input 田火山山 (WFUU), four-corner 6237$_2$, composition ⿰黑出)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1519, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48076
* Dae Jaweon: page 2053, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4747, character 10
* Unihan data for U+9EDC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 黜
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 聉 | *r̥ʰuːlʔ, *ŋrɯd, *ʔr'uːd, *ŋruːd |
| 贅 | *kljods |
| 祟 | *sqʰluds |
| 出 | *kʰljuds, *kʰljud |
| 茁 | *ʔl'ɯd, *skruːd, *skrod, *skrud |
| 欪 | *qʰlɯd, *l̥ʰud |
| 貀 | *ŋr'uːd |
| 袦 | *ŋr'oːd |
| 咄 | *ʔl'oːd, *ʔl'uːd |
| 柮 | *sɡloːd, *ʔl'uːd |
| 拙 | *kljod |
| 炪 | *kljod, *l̥ʰud |
| 掘 | *ɡlod, *ɡlud |
| 鈯 | *l'uːd |
| 啒 | *kluːd, *qʰluːd |
| 淈 | *kluːd, *ɡluːd |
| 窟 | *kʰluːd |
| 泏 | *kʰluːd, *ʔl'ud |
| 堀 | *kʰluːd, *ɡlud |
| 胐 | *kʰluːd |
| 窋 | *ʔl'ud |
| 絀 | *ʔl'ud |
| 黜 | *l̥ʰud |
| 屈 | *klud, *kʰlud |
| 趉 | *klud |
| 鶌 | *klud |
| 詘 | *kʰlud |
| 倔 | *ɡlud |
| 崛 | *ɡlud, *ŋɡlud |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰud) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 出 (OC *kʰljuds, *kʰljud).

### Etymology 1

From 出 (to come out) with a causative *-r- infix (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chù (chu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceot$^1$ / zeot$^1$ / zyut$^3$ / zyut$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thut
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chù
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chù
*** Wade–Giles: chʻu$^4$
*** Yale: chù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuh
*** Palladius: чу (ču)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceot$^1$ / zeot$^1$ / zyut$^3$ / zyut$^6$
*** Yale: chēut / jēut / jyut / jyuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoet$^7$ / dzoet$^7$ / dzyt$^8$ / dzyt$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêd$^1$ / zêd$^1$ / jud$^3$ / jud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵt̚⁵/, /t͡sɵt̚⁵/, /t͡syːt̚³/, /t͡syːt̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thut
*** Tâi-lô: thut
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tud
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰut̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰut̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰut̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰut̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰut̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: trhwit
Rime :
| Character | 黜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 徹 (10) |
| Final (韻) | 術 (52) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 丑律切 |
| Baxter | trhwit |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈʰiuɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈʰʷit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶʰjuet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈʰwit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶʰiuĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶʰĭuĕt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶʰi̯uĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ceot$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.kʰ<r>ut/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰud/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 黜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trhwit › |
| Old Chinese | /*t.kʰ<r>ut/ |
| English | expel |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 黜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1574 |
| Phonetic component | 出 |
| Rime group | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 黜 |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ʰud/ |

#### Definitions

黜
* (literary) to dismiss; to demote; to downgrade
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Liǔxià Huì wéi shìshī, sān chù. [Pinyin]
    Hui of Liu Xia, being chief criminal judge, was thrice dismissed from his office.
* (literary) to discard; to reject
* (literary) to abolish
    From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
    Gōng jiāng chù Tàizǐ Shēnshēng ér lì Xīqí. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (literary) to belittle and denounce
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Zǐgòng lìkǒu qiǎocí, Kǒngzǐ cháng chù qí biàn. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (Hokkien) to come loose; to come off
       Thâu-mn̂g lut liáu-liáu. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       Hair (on my head) is coming off.
* (Hokkien) to rub back and forth (to make something fall off)
    黜鉎／黜𰽫 [Hokkien] ― thut sian [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to rub one's skin to remove dirt sticking on it
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to trample with one's feet, or to rub one's feet against each other

#### Compounds

* 廢黜／废黜 (fèichù)
* 擯黜／摈黜 (bìnchù)
* 罷黜／罢黜 (bàchù)
* 貶黜／贬黜 (biǎnchù)
* 黜免 (chùmiǎn)
* 黜臼
* 黜退 (chùtuì)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 黜 – see 甪 (“(Southern Min) to come loose; to come off”). (This character is a variant form of 甪).

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 黜 – see 拓 (“(Hokkien) to shovel; to level off; to scrape”). (This character is a variant form of 拓).

### References

* “黜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちゅち (chuchi)
* Kan-on: ちゅつ (chutsu)
* Kun: しりぞける (shirizokeru, 黜ける)

## Korean
### Hanja

黜 • (chul) (hangeul 출, revised chul, McCune–Reischauer ch'ul, Yale chwul)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

黜: Hán Nôm readings: truất, trụt, truột
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.