# حلوا
## Arabic
### Verb

حلوا (form I)
* حَلُّوا (ḥallū) /ħal.luː/: third-person masculine plural past active of حَلَّ (ḥalla)
* حُلُّوا (ḥullū) /ħul.luː/: inflection of حَلَّ (ḥalla):
** third-person masculine plural past passive
** second-person masculine plural imperative
* حِلُّوا (ḥillū) /ħil.luː/: second-person masculine plural imperative of حَلَّ (ḥalla)

## Munji
### Noun

حلوا (halwā)
* dessert

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian حلوا (halvâ, “sweetmeat”), from Arabic حَلْوَى (ḥalwā, “candy, confection, dessert”).

### Noun

حلوا • (halva or helva) (definite accusative حلوایی (helvayı), plural حلوالر (helvalar))
* halva, a traditional Middle Eastern confection usually made from crushed sesame seeds and honey

#### Derived terms

* آق حلوا (ak helva, “white halva”)
* ارشته حلواسی (erişte helvası, “fresh made halva of vermicelli”)
* اون حلواسی (un helvası, “halva prepared with flour and butter”)
* بادم حلواسی (badem helvası, “halva prepared with almonds”)
* حلوا باصمق (helva basmak, “to make halva”)
* حلوا صحبتی (helva sohbeti, “social feast at which halva is the main dish”)
* حلوا پیشرمك (helva pişirmek, “to cook halva”)
* حلواجی (helvacı, “confectioner”)
* حلواخانه (helvahane, “cauldron used to make halva”)
* حلوالق (helvalık, “child's pocket-money”)
* خاقانی حلوا (hakani helva, “kind of homemade halva”)
* خبیص حلواسی (hâbis helvası, “jelly-halva”)
* رشیدیه حلواسی (reşidiye helvası, “halva made in a mass of vermicelli”)
* ساقز حلواسی (sakız helvası, “halva with mastic”)
* سیسام حلواسی (sisam helvası, “halva prepared with sesame seeds”)
* طحین حلواسی (tahin helvası, “halva made of tahini”)
* غازیلر حلواسی (gâziler helvası, “halva of warriors”)
* فندق حلواسی (fındık helvası, “halva with hazelnuts”)
* قار حلواسی (kar helvası, “syrup poured on snow”)
* قامش حلواسی (kamış helvası, “halva in the form of a stick”)
* قدرت حلواسی (kudret helvası, “manna”)
* قوز حلواسی (koz helvası, “halva in which kernels of walnuts are mixed”)
* كاغد حلواسی (kâğıd helvası, “wafers with halva between”)
* كتان حلواسی (katan helvası, “halva made in a mass of fibres”)
* نشاسته حلواسی (nişasta helvası, “halva made with starch”)
* هند حلوا (hind helva, “black catechu”)

#### Descendants

* > Turkish: helva (inherited)
* → Albanian: hallvë
* → Bulgarian: халва́ (halvá)
* → Crimean Tatar: elva
* → Greek: χαλβάς (chalvás)
* → Hebrew: חלווה (khálva)
** → Yiddish: כאַלווע (khalve)
** → Dutch: halva
** → English: halva
* → Ladino: halvá
* → Macedonian: алва (alva)
* → Romanian: halva
* → Russian: халва́ (xalvá)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
** Latin script: halva
** Cyrillic script: халва

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “حلوا”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 664
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “helva”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1928
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “حلوا”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 201a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “حلوا”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 517
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Dulciarium”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 436
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “حلوا”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1800
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “helva”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حلوا”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 802

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَلْوَى (ḥalwā).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [hal.wɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [häl.wɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [häl.wɑː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäl.wɑː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäl.wɔː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [hæl.vɒː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [häl.vɔ]

### Noun

حلوا • (halvâ)
* sweetmeat

#### Descendants

* → Assamese: হালুৱা (halua)
* → Bengali: হালুয়া (haluẏa)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: हलवा (halvā)
    Urdu: حلوہ (halvā)
** → Burmese: ဟလဝါ (ha.la.wa)
* → Marathi: हलवा (halvā)
* → Ottoman Turkish: حلوا (halva, helva)
** > Turkish: helva (inherited)
** → Albanian: hallvë
** → Bulgarian: халва́ (halvá)
** → Crimean Tatar: elva
** → Greek: χαλβάς (chalvás)
** → Hebrew: חלווה (khálva)
*** → Yiddish: כאַלווע (khalve)
*** → Dutch: halva
*** → English: halva
** → Ladino: halvá
** → Macedonian: алва (alva)
** → Romanian: halva
** → Russian: халва́ (xalvá)
** → Serbo-Croatian:
*** Latin script: halva
*** Cyrillic script: халва
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਹਲਵਾ (halvā)
    Shahmukhi script: حلوا (halvā)