# 長衫
## Chinese

* 長衫

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chángshān
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng$^4$ saam$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhòng-sâm
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tn̂g-saⁿ / chhiông-sam
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zan-se
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chángshān
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chángshan
*** Wade–Giles: chʻang$^2$-shan$^1$
*** Yale: cháng-shān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charngshan
*** Palladius: чаншань (čanšanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$常山 長山／长山 長衫／长衫
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coeng$^4$ saam$^1$
*** Yale: chèuhng sāam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng$^4$ saam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêng$^4$ sam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ saːm⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhòng-sâm
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong$^ˇ$ sam$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cong$^2$ sam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ sam²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tn̂g-saⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tn̂g-sann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dngsvaf
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tŋ̍¹³⁻²² sã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² sã³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² sã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tŋ̍²³⁻³³ sã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ sã⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiông-sam
*** Tâi-lô: tshiông-sam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiongsafm
*** IPA (Penang): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²³⁻²¹ sam³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zan-se
*** MiniDict: zan$^去$ se
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zan-se
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zã²² se⁴⁴/

### Noun

長衫
* changshan (a long gown worn by males)
** 1963, 瓊瑤, chapter 3, in 窗外:
       [Jiāng Yǎngzhǐ] niánqīng shí shì ge biāozhǔn de dōngfāng měi nánzǐ, méiqīngmùxiù, chúnhóngchǐbái, cóng dúshū qǐ jiù xíguànxìng de chuān zhe yī xí chángshān, zhídào xiànzài bù biàn. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (regional) cheongsam; qipao (a long gown worn by females)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 長袍, 長衫, 大褂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 長袍兒, 長衫兒, 大褂兒, 大衫兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 長衫 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 大褂兒, 大衣裳 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 長袍兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 大褂兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 大衫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 大衫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 長衫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 長衣裳, 大褂兒, 長衫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 長衫子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 衫子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 長袍子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 長衫子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 長褂子, 長褂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 長衫子, 長袍子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 長衫 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 大褂 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 大褂子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 長衫 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 長衫 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 長褂 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 長衣服 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 長衫 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 長衫 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 長衫 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 長衫 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 長衫 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 長衫 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 長衫 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 長衫 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 大衫子, 大褂, 袍子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 大襖兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 長衫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 長衫 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 長衫 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 長衫 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 長衫 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 長衫 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 長衫 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 長衫 |
| Wu | Danyang | 長褂子, 長衫 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 大衫兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 長衫 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 長衫 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 長布衫, 長衫 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 長袍子, 長褂子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 長襴衣, 長襴衫 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 旗袍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 旗袍兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 旗袍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 旗袍兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 旗袍 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 旗袍 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 旗袍兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 旗袍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 旗袍兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 旗袍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 旗袍 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 旗袍 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 旗袍 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 旗袍兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 旗袍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 旗袍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 旗袍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 旗袍 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 旗袍 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 旗袍 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 旗袍, 長衫 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 旗袍, 長衫 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 旗袍, 女人長衫 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 長衫 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 旗袍 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 旗袍 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 旗袍 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 旗袍 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 旗袍 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 旗袍 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 旗袍 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 旗袍 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 旗袍 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 旗袍 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 旗袍 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 旗袍 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 長衫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 旗袍 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 旗袍 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 旗袍 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 旗袍 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 長衫 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 旗袍, 長衫 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 旗袍 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 旗袍 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 旗袍 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 旗袍 |
| Wu | Danyang | 旗袍 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 旗袍 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 旗袍 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 旗袍 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 旗袍 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 旗袍 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 旗袍 |

#### Descendants

* → English: cheongsam (via Cantonese), changshan (via Mandarin)
* → Indonesian: congsam
* → Vietnamese: xường xám