# ⳉⲓⲥⲉ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϩⲓⲥⲉ (hise) — Sahidic, Lycopolitan
* ϧⲓⲥⲓ (xisi) — Bohairic
* ϩⲓⲥⲓ (hisi) — Fayyumic

### Verb

ⳉⲓⲥⲉ • (xise) (stative ⳉⲁⲥⲉ)
* (Akhmimic, intransitive) to toil, be troubled, difficult
* (Akhmimic, transitive, reflexive) be wearied, suffering

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⳉⲓⲥⲉ xise | imperative | affirmative | ⳉⲓⲥⲉ xise |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ tm̄xise, tm̄n̄xise | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄n̄xise |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⳉⲓⲥⲉ tixise | ⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ kxise | ⲧⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ texise | ϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ fxise | ⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ sxise | ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ tn̄xise | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ tetn̄xise | ⲥⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ sexise | ⳉⲓⲥⲉ xise |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ eïxise | ⲉⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ ekxise | ⲉⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ erexise | ⲉϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ efxise | ⲉⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ esxise | ⲉⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ enxise | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etetn̄xise | ⲉⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ euxise | ⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ e- xise, ere- xise |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⳉⲓⲥⲉ etixise | ⲉⲧⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ etkxise | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ etexise, eterexise | ⲉⲧϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ etfxise | ⲉⲧⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ etsxise | ⲉⲧⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ etnxise | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etetn̄xise | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ etouxise | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ ete- xise, etere- xise |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ naïxise | ⲛⲁⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ nakxise | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ narexise | ⲛⲁϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ nafxise | ⲛⲁⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ nasxise | ⲛⲁⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ nanxise | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ natetn̄xise | ⲛⲁⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ nauxise | ⲛⲁ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ na- xise, nare- xise |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⳉⲓⲥⲉ aixise | ⲁⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ akxise | ⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ arexise | ⲁϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ afxise | ⲁⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ asxise | ⲁⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ anxise | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ aretenxise | ⲁⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ auxise | ⲁ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲁⲣ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ a- xise, ar- xise, are- xise |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ tinaxise | ⲕⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ knaxise | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ tenaxise | ϥⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ fnaxise | ⲥⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ snaxise | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ tn̄naxise | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ tetnaxise | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ senaxise | ⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ naxise |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ eïnaxise | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ eknaxise | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ erenaxise | ⲉϥⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ efnaxise | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ esnaxise | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ ennaxise | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ etetnaxise | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ eunaxise | ⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ e- naxise |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ etinaxise | ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ etknaxise | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ etenaxise, eterenaxise | ⲉⲧϥⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ etfnaxise | ⲉⲧⲥⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ etsnaxise | ⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ etnnaxise | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ etetnaxise | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ etounaxise | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ ete- naxise |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ naïnaxise | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ naknaxise | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ narenaxise | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ nafnaxise | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ nasnaxise | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ nannaxise | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ netetnaxise | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ naunaxise | ⲛⲁ- ⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ na- naxise |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ ainaxise | ⲁⲕⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲕⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ aknaxise, eknaxise | ⲁⲣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ araxise | ⲁϥⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ afnaxise | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ asnaxise | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ annaxise | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ aretennaxise | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ aunaxise | ⲁ- ⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ a- naxise, are- naxise |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ aïxise | ⲁⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ akxise | ⲁⲣⳉⲓⲥⲉ arxise | ⲁϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ afxise | ⲁⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ asxise | ⲁⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ anxise | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ atetn̄xise | ⲁⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ auxise | ⲁ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ a- xise |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄pixise | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄pk̄xise | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄pexise, m̄pr̄xise | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄pf̄xise | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄ps̄xise | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄pn̄xise | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄petn̄xise | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄pouxise | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄pe- xise |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ eaïxise | ⲉⲁⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ eakxise | ⲉⲁⲣⳉⲓⲥⲉ earxise | ⲉⲁϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ eafxise | ⲉⲁⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ easxise | ⲉⲁⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ eanxise | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ eatetn̄xise | ⲉⲁⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ eauxise | ⲉⲁ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ ea- xise |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄pixise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄pk̄xise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄pexise, em̄pr̄xise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄pf̄xise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄ps̄xise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄pn̄xise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄petn̄xise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄pouxise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄pe- xise |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etaïxise | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ etakxise | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⳉⲓⲥⲉ etarxise | ⲉⲧⲁϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ etafxise | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ etasxise | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ etanxise | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etatetn̄xise | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ etauxise | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ eta- xise |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄pixise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄pk̄xise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄pexise, etem̄pr̄xise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄pf̄xise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄ps̄xise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄pn̄xise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄petn̄xise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄pouxise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄pe- xise |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ neaïxise | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ neakxise | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⳉⲓⲥⲉ nearxise | ⲛⲉⲁϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ neafxise | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ neasxise | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ neanxise | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ neatetn̄xise | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ neauxise | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nea- xise |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄pixise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄pk̄xise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄pexise, nem̄pr̄xise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄pf̄xise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄ps̄xise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄pn̄xise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄petn̄xise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄pouxise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄pe- xise |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ naïxise | ⲛⲁⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ nakxise | ⲛⲁⲣⳉⲓⲥⲉ narxise | ⲛⲁϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ nafxise | ⲛⲁⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ nasxise | ⲛⲁⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ nanxise | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ natetn̄xise | ⲛⲁⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ nauxise | ⲛⲁ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ na- xise |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄patixise | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄patk̄xise | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄patexise | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄patf̄xise | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄pats̄xise | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄patn̄xise | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄patetn̄xise | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄patouxise | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ m̄pate- xise |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄patixise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄patk̄xise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄patexise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄patf̄xise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄pats̄xise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄patn̄xise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄patetn̄xise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄patouxise | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ em̄pate- xise |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄patixise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄patk̄xise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄patexise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄patf̄xise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄pats̄xise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄patn̄xise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄patetn̄xise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄patouxise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etem̄pate- xise |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄patixise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄patk̄xise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄patexise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄patf̄xise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄pats̄xise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄patn̄xise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄patetn̄xise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄patouxise | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nem̄pate- xise |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ xareïxise | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ xarekxise | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ xarexise | ⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ xarefxise | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ xaresxise | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ xarenxise | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ xaretetn̄xise | ⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ xarouxise | ⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ xare- xise |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ maïxise | ⲙⲁⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ makxise | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ marexise | ⲙⲁϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ mafxise | ⲙⲁⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ masxise | ⲙⲁⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ manxise | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ matetn̄xise | ⲙⲁⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ mauxise | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲙⲁ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ mare- xise, ma- xise |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ exareïxise | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ exarekxise | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ exarexise | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ exarefxise | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ exaresxise | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ exarenxise | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ exaretetn̄xise | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ exarouxise | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ exare- xise |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ emaïxise | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ emakxise | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ emarexise | ⲉⲙⲁϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ emafxise | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ emasxise | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ emanxise | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ ematetn̄xise | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ emauxise | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲙⲁ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ emare- xise, ema- xise |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etexareïxise, etxareïxise | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ etexarekxise, etxarekxise | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ etexarexise, etxarexise | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ etexarefxise, etxarefxise | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ etexaresxise, etxaresxise | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ etexarenxise, etxarenxise | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etexaretetn̄xise, etxaretetn̄xise | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ etexarouxise, etxarouxise | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etexare- xise, etxare- xise |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etemaïxise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ etemakxise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ etemarexise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ etemafxise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ etemasxise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ etemanxise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etematetn̄xise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ etemauxise | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ etemare- xise, etema- xise |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nexareïxise | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ nexarekxise | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ nexarexise | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ nexarefxise | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ nexaresxise | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ nexarenxise | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nexaretetn̄xise | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ nexarouxise | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nexare- xise |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nemaïxise | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ nemakxise | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ nemarexise | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ nemafxise | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ nemasxise | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ nemanxise | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nematetn̄xise | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ nemauxise | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙⲁ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ nemare- xise, nema- xise |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ amaïxise | ⲁⲙⲁⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ amakxise | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ amarexise | ⲁⲙⲁϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ amafxise | ⲁⲙⲁⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ amasxise | ⲁⲙⲁⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ amanxise | ⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ amatetn̄xise | ⲁⲙⲁⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ amauxise | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲙⲁ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ amare- xise, ma- xise |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ aïaxise | ⲁⲕⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ akaxise | ⲁⲣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ araxise | ⲁϥⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ afaxise | ⲁⲥⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ asaxise | ⲁⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ anaxise | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ atetnaxise | ⲁⲩⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ auaxise | ⲁ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ a- xise |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲛⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ naxise, enaxise | ⲛⲉⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ nekxise, enekxise | ⲛⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ nexise, enexise | ⲛⲉϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ nefxise, enefxise | ⲛⲉⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ nesxise, enesxise | ⲛⲉⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ nenxise, enenxise | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ netn̄xise, enetn̄xise | ⲛⲉⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ neuxise, eneuxise | ⲛⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ ne- xise |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⳉⲓⲥⲉ marixise | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ marefxise | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ maresxise | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ marn̄xise | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ marouxise | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ mare- xise |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ mn̄taxise | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ mn̄tf̄xise | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ mn̄ts̄xise | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ mn̄tn̄xise | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ mn̄touxise | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ mn̄te- xise |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ taxise | ⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ kxise | ⲧⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ texise | ϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ fxise, n̄tfxise | ⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ sxise | ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ tn̄xise | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ tetn̄xise | ⲥⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲥⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ sexise, souxise | ⲧⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ te- xise |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲓⲥⲉ tarixise | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ tarekxise | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ tarexise | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ tarefxise | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ taresxise | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ tarn̄xise | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ taretetn̄xise | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ tarouxise | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ tare- xise |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲓⲥⲉ n̄tarixise, tarixise | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ n̄tarekxise, tarekxise | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ n̄tarexise, tarexise | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ n̄tarefxise, tarefxise | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ n̄taresxise, taresxise | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ n̄tarn̄xise, tarn̄xise | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ n̄taretn̄xise, taretn̄xise | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ n̄tarouxise, tarouxise | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ n̄tare- xise, tare- xise |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⳉⲓⲥⲉ šatixise | ϣⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ šatk̄xise | ϣⲁⲧⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ šatexise | ϣⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ šatf̄xise | ϣⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ šats̄xise | ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ šatn̄xise | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ šatetn̄xise | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ šatouxise | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ šate- xise |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ aïšaxise, eïšaxise | ⲁⲕϣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲕϣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ akšaxise, ekšaxise | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ arešaxise, erešaxise | ⲁϥϣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉϥϣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ afšaxise, efšaxise | ⲁⲥϣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲥϣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ asšaxise, esšaxise | ⲁⲛϣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲛϣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ anšaxise, enšaxise | ⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ ašatetn̄xise, ešatetn̄xise | ⲁⲩϣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉⲩϣⲁⳉⲓⲥⲉ aušaxise, eušaxise | ⲁϣⲁ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ, ⲉϣⲁ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ aša- xise, eša- xise |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲓⲥⲉ aïxise | ⲁⲕⳉⲓⲥⲉ akxise | ⲁⲣⲉⳉⲓⲥⲉ arexise | ⲁϥⳉⲓⲥⲉ afxise | ⲁⲥⳉⲓⲥⲉ asxise | ⲁⲛⳉⲓⲥⲉ anxise | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲓⲥⲉ atetn̄xise | ⲁⲩⳉⲓⲥⲉ auxise | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲓⲥⲉ are- xise |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- |

### Noun

ⳉⲓⲥⲉ • (xise) m
* (Akhmimic) labour, weariness, suffering
* (Akhmimic) work

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, pages 710-712
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 297
* TLA lemma no. C6852 (ⳉⲓⲥⲉ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA), , ,