OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 憍陳如
## Chinese

* 憍陳如

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कौण्डिन्य (kauṇḍinya).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Jiāochénrú
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ ㄔㄣˊ ㄖㄨˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāochénrú
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ ㄔㄣˊ ㄖㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Jiaochénrú
*** Wade–Giles: Chiao$^1$-chʻên$^2$-ju$^2$
*** Yale: Jyāu-chén-rú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jiauchernru
*** Palladius: Цзяочэньжу (Czjaočɛnʹžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ʐu³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kjew drin nyo
Rime :
| Character | 憍 | 陳 | 如 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 澄 (11) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (92) | 眞 (44) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 舉喬切 | 直珍切 | 人諸切 |
| Baxter | kjew | drin | nyo |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiᴇu/ | /ɖˠiɪn/ | /ȵɨʌ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚiɛu/ | /ɖᵚin/ | /ȵiɔ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiæu/ | /ȡien/ | /ȵʑiɔ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kiaw/ | /ɖjin/ | /ȵɨə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /kjɛu/ | /ȡjĕn/ | /ȵiɔ/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɛu/ | /ȡǐĕn/ | /ȵʑĭo/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯ɛu/ | /ȡʱi̯ĕn/ | /ȵʑi̯wo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiāo | chén | rú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | giu$^1$ | can$^4$ | jyu$^4$ |

### Proper noun

憍陳如
* Kaundinya, 13th ruler of Funan
# 控制物質
## Chinese

| | | to control; to contain; to dominate | matter; material; substancematter; material; substance; means of subsistence; livelihood; wealth |
| trad. (控制物質) | trad. (控制物質) | 控制 | 物質 |
| simp. (控制物质) | simp. (控制物质) | 控制 | 物质 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kòngzhì wùzhì, kòngzhì wùzhí
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥˋ ㄓˋ ㄨˋ ㄓˋ, ㄎㄨㄥˋ ㄓˋ ㄨˋ ㄓˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kòngzhì wùzhì
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˋ ㄓˋ ㄨˋ ㄓˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kòngjhìh wùjhìh
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^4$-chih$^4$ wu$^4$-chih$^4$
*** Yale: kùng-jr̀ wù-jr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: konqjyh wuhjyh
*** Palladius: кунчжи учжи (kunčži učži)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kòngzhì wùzhí
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˋ ㄓˋ ㄨˋ ㄓˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kòngjhìh wùjhíh
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^4$-chih$^4$ wu$^4$-chih$^2$
*** Yale: kùng-jr̀ wù-jŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: konqjyh wuhjyr
*** Palladius: кунчжи учжи (kunčži učži)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

### Noun

控制物質
* (law) controlled substance
# 控头壳
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 控头壳 – see 控頭殼 (“to scratch one's head”). (This term is the simplified form of 控頭殼).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 掛線
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guàxiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaa$^3$ sin$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guàxiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guàsiàn
*** Wade–Giles: kua$^4$-hsien$^4$
*** Yale: gwà-syàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guahshiann
*** Palladius: гуасянь (guasjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$掛線／挂线 卦限
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwaa$^3$ sin$^3$
*** Yale: gwa sin
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwaa$^3$ sin$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gua$^3$ xin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷaː³³ siːn³³/

### Verb

掛線
* to hang up (the phone)

#### Synonyms

* 掛斷／挂断 (guàduàn)
* (Cantonese) 收線／收线, cut線／cut线
# 文雅
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wényǎ
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄣˊ ㄧㄚˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): man$^4$ ngaa$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vùn-ngá
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bûn-ngá / bûn-ngée
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhung$^5$ ngia$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wényǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˊ ㄧㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wúnyǎ
*** Wade–Giles: wên$^2$-ya$^3$
*** Yale: wén-yǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wenyea
*** Palladius: вэнья (vɛnʹja)
*** Sinological IPA : /wən³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: man$^4$ ngaa$^5$
*** Yale: màhn ngáh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: man$^4$ ngaa$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: men$^4$ nga$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐn²¹ ŋaː¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vùn-ngá
*** Hakka Romanization System: vun$^ˇ$ nga$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vun$^2$ nga$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /vun¹¹ ŋa³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-ngá
*** Tâi-lô: bûn-ngá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bunngar
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bun²⁴⁻²² ŋã⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bun²³⁻³³ ŋã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bun²⁴⁻²² ŋã⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bun²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋã⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-ngée
*** Tâi-lô: bûn-ngée
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bun¹³⁻²² ŋɛ̃⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhung$^5$ ngia$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bûng ngiá
*** Sinological IPA : /buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋia⁵²/

### Adjective

文雅
* elegant; refined

#### Synonyms

* 優美／优美 (yōuměi) (of music, scenery)
* 典雅 (diǎnyǎ)
* 古雅 (gǔyǎ)
* 嫻／娴 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
* 嫻靜／娴静 (xiánjìng)
* 幽美 (yōuměi) (literary, of an environment)
* 彬 (bīn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 彬彬 (bīnbīn) (literary)
* 文靜／文静 (wénjìng)
* 斯文 (sīwén)
* 斯文胎胎 (si$^1$ wen$^2$ tai$^1$ tai$^1$) (Sichuanese)
* 斯斯文文 (sīsīwénwén)
* 柔美 (róuměi) (of music, scenery)
* 酥巧 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 雅相 (ia$^3$ sian$^4$) (Xiang)
* 雅緻／雅致 (yǎzhì)
* 高尚 (gāoshàng)
* 高雅 (gāoyǎ)

#### Antonyms

* 低下 (dīxià)
* 低俗 (dīsú)
* 低級／低级 (dījí)
* 俗氣／俗气 (súqì)
* 俗骨 (zuk$^6$ gwat$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 傖俗／伧俗 (cāngsú) (formal)
* 卑俗 (bēisú)
* 庸俗 (yōngsú)
* 鄙俗 (bǐsú)
* 鄙吝 (bǐlìn) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 雍容文雅

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 文(ぶん)雅(が) (bunga)
* → Korean: 문아(文雅) (muna)
* → Vietnamese: văn nhã (文雅)
# 文鎮化
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 文 | 鎮 | 化 |
| ぶん Grade: 1 | ちん Grade: S | か Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi |||
* Alternative spelling
* 文鎭化 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

文(ぶん)鎮(ちん) (bunchin, “paperweight”) + 化(か) (ka, “-ize”). Literally "to make into paperweight".

### Noun

文(ぶん)鎮(ちん)化(か) • (bunchinka)
* (computing slang) bricking (making an electronic device nonfunctional and usually beyond repair)

### Verb

文(ぶん)鎮(ちん)化(か)する • (bunchinka suru) suru (stem 文(ぶん)鎮(ちん)化(か)し (bunchinka shi), past 文(ぶん)鎮(ちん)化(か)した (bunchinka shita))
* (computing slang) to brick (to make an electronic device nonfunctional and usually beyond repair)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 文鎮化し | ぶんちんかし | bunchinka shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 文鎮化し | ぶんちんかし | bunchinka shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 文鎮化する | ぶんちんかする | bunchinka suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 文鎮化する | ぶんちんかする | bunchinka suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 文鎮化すれ | ぶんちんかすれ | bunchinka sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 文鎮化せよ¹ 文鎮化しろ² | ぶんちんかせよ¹ ぶんちんかしろ² | bunchinka seyo¹ bunchinka shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 文鎮化される | ぶんちんかされる | bunchinka sareru |
| Causative | 文鎮化させる 文鎮化さす | ぶんちんかさせる ぶんちんかさす | bunchinka saseru bunchinka sasu |
| Potential | 文鎮化できる | ぶんちんかできる | bunchinka dekiru |
| Volitional | 文鎮化しよう | ぶんちんかしよう | bunchinka shiyō |
| Negative | 文鎮化しない | ぶんちんかしない | bunchinka shinai |
| Negative continuative | 文鎮化せず | ぶんちんかせず | bunchinka sezu |
| Formal | 文鎮化します | ぶんちんかします | bunchinka shimasu |
| Perfective | 文鎮化した | ぶんちんかした | bunchinka shita |
| Conjunctive | 文鎮化して | ぶんちんかして | bunchinka shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 文鎮化すれば | ぶんちんかすれば | bunchinka sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||
# 手弯子
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 手弯子 – see 手彎子 (“crook of the arm”). (This term is the simplified form of 手彎子).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 放肆
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fàngsì
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˋ ㄙˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fong$^3$ si$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): huóng-sé̤ṳ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hòng-sìr / hòng-sù
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^3$ se$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fàngsì
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˋ ㄙˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fàngsìh
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^4$-ssŭ$^4$
*** Yale: fàng-sz̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanqsyh
*** Palladius: фансы (fansy)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^3$ si$^3$
*** Yale: fong si
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^3$ si$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^3$ xi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ³³ siː³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huóng-sé̤ṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /huoŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ $^{(s-)}$nøy²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòng-sìr
*** Tâi-lô: hòng-sìr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòng-sù
*** Tâi-lô: hòng-sù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: horngsux
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ su²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ su¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ su²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^3$ se$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huàng sṳ̀
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sɯ²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: pjangH sijH
Rime :
| Character | 放 | 肆 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 甫妄切 | 息利切 |
| Baxter | pjangH | sijH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʉɐŋ$^H$/ | /siɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷiɐŋ$^H$/ | /si$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuɑŋ$^H$/ | /sjɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puaŋ$^H$/ | /si$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /piuaŋ$^H$/ | /si$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwaŋ$^H$/ | /si$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /piwaŋ$^H$/ | /si$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fàng | sì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^3$ | si$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*paŋ-s s-ləp-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*paŋs hljɯds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 放 | 肆 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fàng | sì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjang$^H$ › | ‹ sij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*paŋ-s/ | /*s-ləp-s/ |
| English | release; let go | unrestrained |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 放 | 肆 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3038 | 7961 |
| Phonetic component | 方 | 隶 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 放 | 四 |
| Old Chinese | /*paŋs/ | /*hljɯds/ |
| Notes | | 說文右從隸聲， 漢碑隸變爲此 |

### Adjective

放肆
* impudent; wanton; unbridled

#### Synonyms

* (literary) 容易 (róngyì)

#### Antonyms

* 收斂／收敛 (shōuliǎn)

#### Related terms

* 猖獗 (chāngjué)
* 猖狂 (chāngkuáng)
* 瘋狂／疯狂 (fēngkuáng)
# 放胆
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 放胆 – see 放膽 (“to pluck up courage; to act boldly”). (This term is the simplified form of 放膽).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 改宗
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǎizōng
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄞˇ ㄗㄨㄥ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǎizōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˇ ㄗㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǎizong
*** Wade–Giles: kai$^3$-tsung$^1$
*** Yale: gǎi-dzūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaetzong
*** Palladius: гайцзун (gajczun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

### Verb

改宗
* to convert to a different religion

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 改 | 宗 |
| かい Grade: 4 | しゅう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かいしゅう [kàíshúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠iɕɨː]

### Noun

改(かい)宗(しゅう) • (kaishū)
* religious conversion

### Verb

改(かい)宗(しゅう)する • (kaishū suru) suru (stem 改(かい)宗(しゅう)し (kaishū shi), past 改(かい)宗(しゅう)した (kaishū shita))
* to convert to a different religion

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 改宗し | かいしゅうし | kaishū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 改宗し | かいしゅうし | kaishū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 改宗する | かいしゅうする | kaishū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 改宗する | かいしゅうする | kaishū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 改宗すれ | かいしゅうすれ | kaishū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 改宗せよ¹ 改宗しろ² | かいしゅうせよ¹ かいしゅうしろ² | kaishū seyo¹ kaishū shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 改宗される | かいしゅうされる | kaishū sareru |
| Causative | 改宗させる 改宗さす | かいしゅうさせる かいしゅうさす | kaishū saseru kaishū sasu |
| Potential | 改宗できる | かいしゅうできる | kaishū dekiru |
| Volitional | 改宗しよう | かいしゅうしよう | kaishū shiyō |
| Negative | 改宗しない | かいしゅうしない | kaishū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 改宗せず | かいしゅうせず | kaishū sezu |
| Formal | 改宗します | かいしゅうします | kaishū shimasu |
| Perfective | 改宗した | かいしゅうした | kaishū shita |
| Conjunctive | 改宗して | かいしゅうして | kaishū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 改宗すれば | かいしゅうすれば | kaishū sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 改定
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǎidìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄞˇ ㄉㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): goi$^2$ ding$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǎidìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˇ ㄉㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǎidìng
*** Wade–Giles: kai$^3$-ting$^4$
*** Yale: gǎi-dìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaedinq
*** Palladius: гайдин (gajdin)
*** Sinological IPA : /kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$改定 改訂／改订
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: goi$^2$ ding$^6$
*** Yale: gói dihng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: goi$^2$ ding$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: goi$^2$ ding$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːi̯³⁵ tɪŋ²²/

### Verb

改定
* to revise and set as the new version
* to determine separately

#### Synonyms

* (to revise):
* 修改 (xiūgǎi)
* 修正 (xiūzhèng)
* 修編／修编 (xiūbiān)
* 修訂／修订 (xiūdìng)
* 刪改／删改 (shāngǎi)
* 匡正 (kuāngzhèng) (literary)
* 參訂／参订 (cāndìng) (to proofread and correct)
* 批改 (pīgǎi) (to mark)
* 改正 (gǎizhèng)
* 改訂／改订 (gǎidìng)
* 更定 (gēngdìng)
* 更正 (gēngzhèng)
* 格正 (gézhèng) (literary)
* 校正 (jiàozhèng) (to proofread and correct)
* 矯正／矫正 (jiǎozhèng)
* 端正 (duānzhèng)
* 糾正／纠正 (jiūzhèng)
* 訂正／订正 (dìngzhèng)
* 重修 (chóngxiū)
* 釐正 (lízhèng) (literary)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 改 | 定 |
| かい Grade: 4 | てい Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

改(かい)定(てい) • (kaitei)
* revision (of laws)

### Verb

改(かい)定(てい)する • (kaitei suru) transitive suru (stem 改(かい)定(てい)し (kaitei shi), past 改(かい)定(てい)した (kaitei shita))
* revise

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 改定し | かいていし | kaitei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 改定し | かいていし | kaitei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 改定する | かいていする | kaitei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 改定する | かいていする | kaitei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 改定すれ | かいていすれ | kaitei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 改定せよ¹ 改定しろ² | かいていせよ¹ かいていしろ² | kaitei seyo¹ kaitei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 改定される | かいていされる | kaitei sareru |
| Causative | 改定させる 改定さす | かいていさせる かいていさす | kaitei saseru kaitei sasu |
| Potential | 改定できる | かいていできる | kaitei dekiru |
| Volitional | 改定しよう | かいていしよう | kaitei shiyō |
| Negative | 改定しない | かいていしない | kaitei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 改定せず | かいていせず | kaitei sezu |
| Formal | 改定します | かいていします | kaitei shimasu |
| Perfective | 改定した | かいていした | kaitei shita |
| Conjunctive | 改定して | かいていして | kaitei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 改定すれば | かいていすれば | kaitei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||
# 斫伐
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 斫 | 伐 |
| しゃく Hyōgai | ばつ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕa̠kɯ̟ba̠t͡sɨ]

### Noun

斫(しゃく)伐(ばつ) • (shakubatsu)
* (literary) tree felling

### Verb

斫(しゃく)伐(ばつ)する • (shakubatsu suru) suru (stem 斫(しゃく)伐(ばつ)し (shakubatsu shi), past 斫(しゃく)伐(ばつ)した (shakubatsu shita))
* (literary) to fell a tree

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 斫伐し | しゃくばつし | shakubatsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 斫伐し | しゃくばつし | shakubatsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 斫伐する | しゃくばつする | shakubatsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 斫伐する | しゃくばつする | shakubatsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 斫伐すれ | しゃくばつすれ | shakubatsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 斫伐せよ¹ 斫伐しろ² | しゃくばつせよ¹ しゃくばつしろ² | shakubatsu seyo¹ shakubatsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 斫伐される | しゃくばつされる | shakubatsu sareru |
| Causative | 斫伐させる 斫伐さす | しゃくばつさせる しゃくばつさす | shakubatsu saseru shakubatsu sasu |
| Potential | 斫伐できる | しゃくばつできる | shakubatsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 斫伐しよう | しゃくばつしよう | shakubatsu shiyō |
| Negative | 斫伐しない | しゃくばつしない | shakubatsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 斫伐せず | しゃくばつせず | shakubatsu sezu |
| Formal | 斫伐します | しゃくばつします | shakubatsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 斫伐した | しゃくばつした | shakubatsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 斫伐して | しゃくばつして | shakubatsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 斫伐すれば | しゃくばつすれば | shakubatsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||
# 斬到一頸血
## Chinese

| | | behead; chop | to (a place); until (a time); up toto (a place); until (a time); up to; to go; to arrive | one; single; aone; single; a; (before verbs) as soon as, once; (before a noun) entire (family, etc.) | neck | blood |
| trad. (斬到一頸血) | trad. (斬到一頸血) | 斬 | 到 | 一 | 頸 | 血 |
| simp. (斩到一颈血) | simp. (斩到一颈血) | 斩 | 到 | 一 | 颈 | 血 |
| Literally: “to be chopped, leaving a neck full of blood”. |||||||

### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaam$^2$ dou$^3$ jat$^1$ geng$^2$ hyut$^3$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaam$^2$ dou$^3$ jat$^1$ geng$^2$ hyut$^3$
*** Yale: jáam dou yāt géng hyut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam$^2$ dou$^3$ jat$^7$ geng$^2$ hyt$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zam$^2$ dou$^3$ yed$^1$ géng$^2$ hüd$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːm³⁵ tou̯³³ jɐt̚⁵ kɛːŋ³⁵ hyːt̚³/

### Idiom

斬到一頸血
* (Cantonese) being ripped off
    From: 2016, 羅尚沛 (Eugene Law), 越爆越亢奮, 港股策略王, issue 84, page 61
    tung$^1$ soeng$^4$ cing$^4$ fong$^3$ hai$^6$ go$^3$ daai$^6$ gu$^2$ dung$^1$ ji$^5$ ging$^1$ zaam$^2$ dou$^3$ jat$^1$ geng$^2$ hyut$^3$ dou$^1$ jiu$^3$ baan$^6$ saai$^3$ siu$^1$ saa$^2$, zau$^1$ wai$^4$ tung$^4$ jan$^4$ gong$^2$ zung$^6$ jau$^5$ gei$^2$ sap$^6$ go$^3$ jik$^1$ wui$^5$ tok$^3$ faan$^1$ soeng$^5$ heoi$^3$. [Jyutping]
    The usual case is that the big shareholder still has to pretend to be charming after getting ripped off, telling people all over that he still has billions of dollars to bring back up.
# 文學碩士
## Chinese

| | | literature; arts; liberal artsliterature; arts; liberal arts; humanities | master's degree; someone who has a master's degree |
| trad. (文學碩士) | trad. (文學碩士) | 文學 | 碩士 |
| simp. (文学硕士) | simp. (文学硕士) | 文学 | 硕士 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wénxué shuòshì
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄣˊ ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄕㄨㄛˋ ㄕˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): man$^4$ hok$^6$ sek$^6$ si$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wénxué shuòshì
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˊ ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄕㄨㄛˋ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wúnsyué shuòshìh
*** Wade–Giles: wên$^2$-hsüeh$^2$ shuo$^4$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: wén-sywé shwò-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wenshyue shuohshyh
*** Palladius: вэньсюэ шоши (vɛnʹsjue šoši)
*** Sinological IPA : /wən³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: man$^4$ hok$^6$ sek$^6$ si$^6$
*** Yale: màhn hohk sehk sih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: man$^4$ hok$^9$ sek$^9$ si$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: men$^4$ hog$^6$ ség$^6$ xi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐn²¹ hɔːk̚² sɛːk̚² siː²²/

### Noun

文學碩士
* Master of Arts
# 救死扶傷
## Chinese

| | | to save; to assist; to rescue | to die; impassable; uncrossableto die; impassable; uncrossable; inflexible; rigid | to support with hand; to help someone up; to help | injure; injury; wound |
| trad. (救死扶傷) | trad. (救死扶傷) | 救 | 死 | 扶 | 傷 |
| simp. (救死扶伤) | simp. (救死扶伤) | 救 | 死 | 扶 | 伤 |

### Etymology

    From: Sima Qian, Letter to Ren An. 1st century BCE. Translated by Burton Watson.
    Yǔ Chányú lián zhàn shí yǒuyú rì, suǒ shā guò dāng, lǔ jiùsǐfúshāng bù jǐ. [Pinyin]
    For over ten days they continued in combat with the Chanyu. The enemy fell in disproportionate numbers; those who tried to rescue their dead and wounded could not even save themselves.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiùsǐfúshāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄙˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄕㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gau$^3$ sei$^2$ fu$^4$ soeng$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiùsǐfúshāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄙˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄕㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiòusǐhfúshang
*** Wade–Giles: chiu$^4$-ssŭ$^3$-fu$^2$-shang$^1$
*** Yale: jyòu-sž-fú-shāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiowsyyfwushang
*** Palladius: цзюсыфушан (czjusyfušan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gau$^3$ sei$^2$ fu$^4$ soeng$^1$
*** Yale: gau séi fùh sēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gau$^3$ sei$^2$ fu$^4$ soeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geo$^3$ séi$^2$ fu$^4$ sêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐu̯³³ sei̯³⁵ fuː²¹ sœːŋ⁵⁵/

### Idiom

救死扶傷
* to rescue the dying and treat the sick and the wounded
# 日头日脚
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 日头日脚 – see 日頭日腳 (“date”). (This term is the simplified form of 日頭日腳).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 日头丝
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 日头丝 – see 日頭絲 (“sunlight; sunshine; sunbeam; daylight”). (This term is the simplified form of 日頭絲).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 整断
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 整断 – see 整斷 (“to damage into two or more pieces”). (This term is the simplified form of 整斷).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 把盏
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 把盏 – see 把盞 (“to raise one's cup”). (This term is the simplified form of 把盞).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 把砲
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 把砲 – see 把炮 (“assurance; confidence; ability; capability; etc.”). (This term is the simplified form of 把炮).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 映画監督
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 映 | 画 | 監 | 督 |
| えい Grade: 6 | が Grade: 2 | かん Grade: S | とく Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||||
* Alternative spelling
* 映畫監督 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

映画 (“movie”) + 監督 (“director”).

### Noun

映(えい)画(が)監(かん)督(とく) • (eiga kantoku)
* film director
    衣(きぬ)笠(がさ)氏(し)は映(えい)画(が)監(かん)督(とく)であるだけでなく、俳(はい)優(ゆう)でもあった。
       Kinugasa-shi wa eiga kantoku de aru dake de naku, haiyū de mo atta.
       Kinugasa was not just a film director; he was also an actor.

### References

* Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
# 映衬
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 映衬 – see 映襯 (“antithesis; to set off; to serve as contrast”). (This term is the simplified form of 映襯).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 撮錄
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cuōlù, cuòlù
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄛ ㄌㄨˋ, ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄨˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cuōlù
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄛ ㄌㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cuolù
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻo$^1$-lu$^4$
*** Yale: tswō-lù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuoluh
*** Palladius: цолу (colu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cuòlù
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cuòlù
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻo$^4$-lu$^4$
*** Yale: tswò-lù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuohluh
*** Palladius: цолу (colu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

### Verb

撮錄
* (archaic) to excerpt; to take excerpts from