# 洱

| 洱 | U+6D31, &#27953; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D31 |
| ← 洰 [U+6D30] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 洲 → [U+6D32] |

## Translingual
### Han character

洱 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水尸十 (ESJ), four-corner 3114$_0$, composition ⿰氵耳)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 622, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17412
* Dae Jaweon: page 1018, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1602, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6D31

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 佴 | *nɯːs, *njɯs |
| 麛 | *miː |
| 弭 | *mniʔ |
| 渳 | *mniʔ |
| 葞 | *mniʔ |
| 髶 | *njis, *njoŋ |
| 聻 | *nɯʔ |
| 恥 | *n̥ʰɯʔ |
| 咡 | *njɯ, *njɯs |
| 誀 | *njɯ, *njɯs |
| 耳 | *njɯʔ |
| 洱 | *njɯʔ, *njɯs |
| 駬 | *njɯʔ |
| 餌 | *njɯs |
| 珥 | *njɯs |
| 衈 | *njɯs |
| 毦 | *njɯs |
| 刵 | *njɯs |
| 眲 | *njɯs, *rnɯːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯʔ, *njɯs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 耳 (OC *njɯʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ěr (er$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄦˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): nei$^2$ / ji$^5$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zi$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ěr
*** Zhuyin: ㄦˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ěr
*** Wade–Giles: êrh$^3$
*** Yale: ěr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eel
*** Palladius: эр (er)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤɻ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nei$^2$ / ji$^5$
*** Yale: néi / yíh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nei$^2$ / ji$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: néi$^2$ / yi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /nei̯³⁵/, /jiː¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si³³²/
* Middle Chinese: nyiX, nyiH
Rime :
| Character | 洱 | 洱 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 而止切 | 仍吏切 |
| Baxter | nyiX | nyiH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨ$^X$/ | /ȵɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵɨ$^X$/ | /ȵɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑie$^X$/ | /ȵʑie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵɨ$^X$/ | /ȵɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiə$^X$/ | /ȵiə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭə$^X$/ | /ȵʑĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi$^X$/ | /ȵʑi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ěr | èr |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^5$ | ji$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njɯʔ/, /*njɯs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 洱 | 洱 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 2784 | 2794 |
| Phonetic component | 耳 | 耳 |
| Rime group | 之 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 耳 | 餌 |
| Old Chinese | /*njɯʔ/ | /*njɯs/ |
| Notes | 見漢書 | 見漢書 |

### Definitions

洱
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Compounds

* 普洱 (pǔ'ěr)
* 普洱茶 (pǔ'ěrchá)
* 洱海 (Ěrhǎi)

### References

* “洱”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “洱”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): じ (ji)、に (ni)

## Korean

이

## Vietnamese
### Han character

洱: Hán Nôm readings: nhĩ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation