# 湧

| 湧 | U+6E67, &#28263; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E67 |
| ← 湦 [U+6E66] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 湨 → [U+6E68] |

## Translingual
### Han character

湧 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水弓月尸 (ENBS), four-corner 3712$_7$, composition ⿰氵勇)
* well up
* gush forth
* rise

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 638, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17862
* Dae Jaweon: page 1044, character 26
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1691, character 5
* Unihan data for U+6E67

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 勇 (OC *loŋʔ)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǒng (yong$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jung$^2$ / jung$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yúng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): éng / ióng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iong$^3$ / êng$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ion
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǒng
*** Wade–Giles: yung$^3$
*** Yale: yǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeong
*** Palladius: юн (jun)
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jung$^2$ / jung$^5$
*** Yale: yúng / yúhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jung$^2$ / jung$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yung$^2$ / yung$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ³⁵/, /jʊŋ¹³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
*** Hakka Romanization System: iung$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng
*** Tâi-lô: íng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: eang
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng
*** Tâi-lô: ióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iorng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹/
* éng - vernacular;
* ióng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: yowngX
Rime :
| Character | 湧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 余隴切 |
| Baxter | yowngX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨoŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jioŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ioŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juawŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ioŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭwoŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯woŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǒng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jung$^5$ |

### Definitions

湧
* (of water) to spring up from below
* to rush out like water; to gush
       yī dà qún rén yǒng le chūlái [Pinyin]
       a crowd of people gushed out
* (Southern Min) wave
    海湧／海涌 [Hokkien] ― hái-éng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― sea wave

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 瀾, 浪 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 浪 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 浪 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 浪 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 浪頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 浪 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 浪子 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 浪 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 浪 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 浪頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 浪 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 湧 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 湧 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 湧 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 湧 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 湧 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 湧 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 湧 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 浪頭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 浪頭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 浪頭, 浪 |

### Compounds

* 思如泉湧／思如泉涌
* 思如湧泉／思如涌泉
* 思若湧泉／思若涌泉
* 操瓶湧泉／操瓶涌泉
* 文思泉湧／文思泉涌
* 暗潮洶湧／暗潮汹涌
* 氣湧如山／气涌如山
* 泉湧／泉涌
* 波濤洶湧／波涛汹涌 (bōtāoxiōngyǒng)
* 洶湧／汹涌 (xiōngyǒng)
* 洶湧澎湃／汹涌澎湃
* 淚如泉湧／泪如泉涌 (lèirúquányǒng)
* 湧入／涌入 (yǒngrù)
* 湧出／涌出 (yǒngchū)
* 湧升流
* 湧泉／涌泉
* 湧潮／涌潮 (yǒngcháo)
* 湧現／涌现 (yǒngxiàn)
* 湧進／涌进
* 潮湧／潮涌 (cháoyǒng)
* 痟狗湧／痟狗涌 (siáu-káu-éng) (Min Nan)
* 翻湧／翻涌 (fānyǒng)
* 蜂湧／蜂涌
* 蜂湧而出／蜂涌而出
* 謀如湧泉／谋如涌泉
* 鋪霜湧雪／铺霜涌雪 (pūshuāngyǒngxuě)
* 風起潮湧／风起潮涌
* 風起雲湧／风起云涌
* 風靡雲湧／风靡云涌

### References

* “湧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 湧 |
| Kyūjitai | 湧󠄂 湧+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* (of water) to spring up from below
    Synonym: 涌

#### Readings

* Go-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: よう (yō)
* Kun: わく (waku, 湧く, Jōyō)、わかす (wakasu, 湧かす)、わき (waki, 湧き)
* Nanori: わか (waka)、わき (waki)、わく (waku)

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1311 (paper), page 706 (digital)

## Korean
### Hanja

湧 (eum 용 (yong))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

湧: Hán Nôm readings: rụng, dộng, dũng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.