# ὅπου
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ὅκου (hókou) — Ionic

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷos +‎ -ου (-ou).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hó.puː/ → /ˈo.pu/ → /ˈo.pu/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hó.puː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)o.pu/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈo.pu/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈo.pu/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈo.pu/

### Adverb

ὅπου • (hópou) (relative, interrogative, and demonstrative adverb)
* where
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 403E
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 415D, (compare Herodotus, Histories 2.172)
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 2.4.27
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 517
** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Fragments 287
** 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1301
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.129
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 342E
** 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 403C
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 3.3.5
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 12
** (in indirect questions)
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.16, (compare 16.306)
*** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 924
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.119
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 40, (compare Ajax 1237)
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 3.1.37
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.6.6
*** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 214
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.150
** (extended senses)
*** (of time or occasion)
**** 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 922, (compare 999)
**** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 582
*** (of manner) by which, that
**** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 448
**** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1069
**** 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 186
*** (of cause) whereas
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.68
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.195
**** 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 112.17
**** 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 205
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.118
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.3.11
**** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 4.7.3
* (Koine demonstrative adverb)
** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.427C

#### Descendants

* Greek: όπου (ópou)

#### See also

| type | interrogative | indefinite | (medial) demonstrative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | relative | indefinite relative | identity | other |
| basic | τίς | τις, ἔνιοι | †ὁ, οὗτος | ὅδε | ἐκεῖνος | ὅς | ὅστις | ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός | ἕτερος, ἄλλος |
| dual | πότερος | πότερος, ποτερός | | | | ὁπότερος | ὁπότερος | | |
| quality | ποῖος | ποιός | †τοῖος, τοιοῦτος | τοιόσδε | | οἷος | ὁποῖος | ὅμοιος | ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος |
| quantity | πόσος | ποσός | †τόσος, τοσοῦτος | τοσόσδε | | ὅσος | ὁπόσος | | |
| manner | πῶς | πως | †τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως | ὧδε | | ὡς | ὅπως | ὁμῶς | ἑτέρως, ἄλλως |
| method, path, place | πῇ | πῃ | τῇ, ταύτῃ | τῇδε | ἐκείνῃ | ᾗ | ὅπῃ | | ἄλλῃ |
| place | ποῦ, †πόθι | που, †ποθι | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνθάδε | ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι | οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι | ὅπου, †ὁπόθι | αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ | ἄλλοθι |
| source | πόθεν | ποθεν | †τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν | ἐνθένδε | ἐκεῖθεν | ὅθεν | ὁπόθεν | †ὁμόθεν | ἄλλοθεν |
| destination | ποῖ, †πόσε | ποι | ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα | ἐνθάδε, δεῦρο | ἐκεῖσε | οἷ | ὅποι, †ὁπόσε | αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε | ἄλλοσε |
| time | πότε, πῆμος | ποτέ, ποτε, τοτέ, ἐνίοτε | τότε, τῆμος | τημόσδε | | ὅτε, ἦμος | ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος | ἅμα | ἄλλοτε |
| exact time | πηνίκα | | †τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα | τηνικάδε | | ἡνίκα | ὁπηνίκα | αὐτίκα | |
| duration of time | | | τέως | | | ἕως | | | |
| size, age | πηλίκος | πηλίκος | †τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος | τηλικόσδε | | ἡλίκος | ὁπηλίκος | ὁμῆλιξ | |
| repetition | ποσάκις, ποσίνδα | ποσάκις | τουτάκις, τοσάκις | | | †ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις | ὁποσάκις | | |
| multiplication | ποσαπλάσιος | | | | | ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων | | | |
| order | πόστος | ποστός | | | | | ὁπόστος | | |
| † Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions. ||||||||||

### Further reading

* “ὅπου”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ὅπου”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ὅπου”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ὅπου in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ὅπου in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* G3699 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* ὅπου in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. where idem, page 975.whereas idem, page 975.wheresoever, wherever idem, page 975.