# 夭逝
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yāoshì, yǎoshì
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠ ㄕˋ, ㄧㄠˇ ㄕˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu$^2$ sai$^6$ / jiu$^1$ sai$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yāoshì
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yaoshìh
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^1$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: yāu-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iaushyh
*** Palladius: яоши (jaoši)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, literary)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎoshì
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˇ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎoshìh
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^3$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: yǎu-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeaushyh
*** Palladius: яоши (jaoši)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jiu$^2$ sai$^6$ / jiu$^1$ sai$^6$
*** Yale: yíu saih / yīu saih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jiu$^2$ sai$^6$ / jiu$^1$ sai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yiu$^2$ sei$^6$ / yiu$^1$ sei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːu̯³⁵ sɐi̯²²/, /jiːu̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯²²/

### Verb

夭逝
* (literary) to die young
* (literary, figuratively) to come to a premature end; to be short-lived; to be aborted prematurely

#### Synonyms

* (to die young):
* 夭壽／夭寿 (yāoshòu)
* 夭壽死／夭寿死 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 夭折
* 夭閼／夭阏 (yǎo'è)
* 早夭
* 早死 (zǎosǐ)
* 短命 (duǎnmìng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 夭 | 逝 |
| よう Hyōgai | せい Grade: S |
| on'yomi | kan'on |

### Etymology

Ultimately from Chinese 夭逝 (literally “die young + die, pass away”), possibly as a learned borrowing from Chinese. Likely used as a slight orthographic variant of more-common and older synonym 夭折 (yōsetsu), adding the 辶 (chuò) element to the 折 character. Listed in some dictionaries as a synonym for 夭折 (yōsetsu) with more Chinese overtones.
First cited to 1935, compared to a first attestation of 756 CE for 夭折 (yōsetsu).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) よーせー [yòóséé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [jo̞ːse̞ː]

### Noun

夭(よう)逝(せい) • (yōsei)
* [from 1935] a premature death, dying while still young
    Synonym: 夭折 (yōsetsu)

### Verb

夭(よう)逝(せい)する • (yōsei suru) intransitive suru (stem 夭(よう)逝(せい)し (yōsei shi), past 夭(よう)逝(せい)した (yōsei shita))
* [from 1935] to die prematurely, to die while still young
    Synonym: 夭折 (yōsetsu)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 夭逝し | ようせいし | yōsei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 夭逝し | ようせいし | yōsei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 夭逝する | ようせいする | yōsei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 夭逝する | ようせいする | yōsei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 夭逝すれ | ようせいすれ | yōsei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 夭逝せよ¹ 夭逝しろ² | ようせいせよ¹ ようせいしろ² | yōsei seyo¹ yōsei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 夭逝される | ようせいされる | yōsei sareru |
| Causative | 夭逝させる 夭逝さす | ようせいさせる ようせいさす | yōsei saseru yōsei sasu |
| Potential | 夭逝できる | ようせいできる | yōsei dekiru |
| Volitional | 夭逝しよう | ようせいしよう | yōsei shiyō |
| Negative | 夭逝しない | ようせいしない | yōsei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 夭逝せず | ようせいせず | yōsei sezu |
| Formal | 夭逝します | ようせいします | yōsei shimasu |
| Perfective | 夭逝した | ようせいした | yōsei shita |
| Conjunctive | 夭逝して | ようせいして | yōsei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 夭逝すれば | ようせいすれば | yōsei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 夭 | 逝 |

### Noun

夭逝 • (yoseo) (hangeul 요서)
* hanja form of 요서