# सायम्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* সায়ম্ (Assamese script)
* ᬲᬵᬬᬫ᭄ (Balinese script)
* সায়ম্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰭𑰯𑰧𑰦𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀲𑀸𑀬𑀫𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* သာယမ် (Burmese script)
* સાયમ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਸਾਯਮ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌸𑌾𑌯𑌮𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦱꦴꦪꦩ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂮𑂰𑂨𑂧𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಸಾಯಮ್ (Kannada script)
* សាយម៑ (Khmer script)
* ສາຍມ຺ (Lao script)
* സായമ് (Malayalam script)
* ᠰᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠶᠠᠮ (Manchu script)
* 𑘭𑘰𑘧𑘦𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠰᠠᢗᠶ᠋ᠠᠮ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧍𑧑𑧇𑧆𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐳𑐵𑐫𑐩𑑂 (Newa script)
* ସାଯମ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢱꢵꢫꢪ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆱𑆳𑆪𑆩𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖭𑖯𑖧𑖦𑖿 (Siddham script)
* සායම් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪁𑩛𑩻𑩴 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚨𑚭𑚣𑚢𑚶 (Takri script)
* ஸாயம் (Tamil script)
* సాయమ్ (Telugu script)
* สายมฺ (Thai script)
* སཱ་ཡ་མ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒮𑒰𑒨𑒧𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨰𑨊𑨪𑨢𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From साय (sāyá, “evening”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“long, lasting”), hence distantly related to Latin sērus.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /sɑː.jɐ́m/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈs̪ɑː.jɐm/

### Adverb

सायम् • (sāyám)
* in the evening, at eventide
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.146.3:उत गाव इवादन्त्युत वेश्मेव दृश्यते । उतो अरण्यानिः सायं शकटीरिव सर्जति ॥uta gāva ivādantyuta veśmeva dṛśyate. uto araṇyāniḥ sāyaṃ śakaṭīriva sarjati.And, there, cattle seem to graze, what seems a dwelling-place appears: Or else in the evening the goddess of the forest seems to free the carts.
** c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 4.12.48:प्रयतः कीर्तयेत्प्रातः समवाये द्विजन्मनाम् । सायं च पुण्यश्लोकस्य ध्रुवस्य चरितं महत् ॥prayataḥ kīrtayetprātaḥ samavāye dvijanmanām. sāyaṃ ca puṇyaślokasya dhruvasya caritaṃ mahat.A pious person should chant of the character of the well-famed Dhruva in the morning and in the evening, in a society of persons of the 3 upper castes.
** c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 7.12.2.1:सायं प्रातरुपासीत गुर्वग्‍न्यर्कसुरोत्तमान् ।sāyaṃ prātarupāsīta gurvag‍nyarkasurottamān.In the evening and in the morning, one should worship his guru, Agni, Surya, and Vishnu.

#### Derived terms

* साय (sāya)

#### Descendants

* Pali: sāyaṃ
* Prakrit: सायं (sāyaṃ)
* → Hindi: सायं m or f (sāyam, “evening”, noun)

### Noun

सायम् • (sāyám) n
* nominative/accusative singular of साय (sāyá, “unloosing, unyoking”)

### References

* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 725
* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sīro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 337
* ↑ Monier Williams (1899) “सायम्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1207, column 2.
* ↑ Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “सायम्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1673

### Further reading

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sāyám”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 770
* Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “sāyam”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.