# 玷

| 玷 | U+73B7, &#29623; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-73B7 |
| ← 玶 [U+73B6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 玸 → [U+73B8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

玷 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一土卜口 (MGYR), four-corner 1116$_0$, composition ⿰𤣩占)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 728, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20895
* Dae Jaweon: page 1140, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1106, character 4
* Unihan data for U+73B7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 頕 | *taːm |
| 煔 | *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms |
| 炶 | *ɦlaːm |
| 詀 | *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb |
| 站 | *rteːms |
| 檆 | *sreːm |
| 黏 | *nem |
| 粘 | *nem |
| 枮 | *slem, *ʔl'ɯm |
| 霑 | *tem |
| 沾 | *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm |
| 覘 | *tems, *tʰem |
| 鉆 | *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb |
| 占 | *ʔljem, *tjems |
| 颭 | *tjemʔ |
| 佔 | *tjems, *teːm |
| 苫 | *hljem, *hljems |
| 痁 | *hljem, *teːms |
| 蛅 | *njem |
| 阽 | *lem |
| 敁 | *teːm |
| 掂 | *tiːm |
| 點 | *teːmʔ |
| 玷 | *teːmʔ, *teːms |
| 店 | *tiːms |
| 坫 | *tiːms, *tim |
| 黇 | *tʰeːm |
| 扂 | *deːmʔ |
| 拈 | *neːm |
| 鮎 | *neːm |
| 砧 | *ʔl'ɯm |
| 笘 | *teːb |
| 跕 | *teːb, *tʰeːb |
| 貼 | *tʰeːb |
| 帖 | *tʰeːb |
| 怗 | *tʰeːb |
| 呫 | *tʰeːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːmʔ, *teːms) : semantic 𤣩 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): diàn (dian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dim$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): diéng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dieng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiàm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): diam$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^4$
*** Yale: dyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
*** Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dim$^3$
*** Yale: dim
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dim$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dim$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiːm³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: diéng
*** Sinological IPA : /tiɛŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dieng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiɛŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiàm
*** Tâi-lô: tiàm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diaxm
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiam²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiam⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: diam$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiam
*** Sinological IPA : /tiam³³/
* Middle Chinese: temX
Rime :
| Character | 玷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 添 (157) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 多忝切 |
| Baxter | temX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tem$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tem$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɛm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tɛm$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /tem$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /tiem$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tiem$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | diǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dim$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤemʔ/, /*tˤemʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*teːmʔ/, /*teːms/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 玷 | 玷 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | diàn | diàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tem$^X$ › | ‹ tem$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁemʔ/ | /*tˁemʔ-s/ |
| English | black spot | black spot, flaw |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 玷 | 玷 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 16722 | 16727 |
| Phonetic component | 占 | 占 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 點 | 店 |
| Old Chinese | /*teːmʔ/ | /*teːms/ |

#### Definitions

玷
* flaw in gem; defect in jade
* (figuratively, of a person) flaw in character
* to blemish; to stain

#### Compounds

* 玷污 (diànwū)
* 玷辱 (diànrǔ)
* 瑕玷
* 畢生之玷／毕生之玷
* 白圭之玷

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 玷 – see 掂 (“to weigh in hand”). (This character is an obsolete form of 掂).

### References

* “玷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “玷”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 51.
* zi.tools

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: てん (ten)
* Kan-on: てん (ten)
* Kun: かける (kakeru, 玷ける)

## Korean
### Hanja

玷 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

玷: Hán Nôm readings: điếm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Nôm: đém, điếm

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
* Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville