# ska
## English
### Etymology

Origin uncertain. Probably imitative of the crisp guitar sound; other suggestions include a contraction of “skavoovie” (a word invented and used by musician Cluett Johnson), or of “speed polka”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /skɑː/, enPR: skä
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Homophone: scar (non-rhotic)
* Rhymes: -ɑː

### Noun

ska (uncountable)
* (music) A style of Jamaican dance music originating in the late 1950s, combining elements of Caribbean calypso and mento with American jazz and rhythm and blues; it was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae.
** 1991, Douglas Coupland, “Eat Your Parents”, in Generation X, New York: St. Martin's Press, →OCLC, page 85:Musical Hairsplitting: The act of classifying music and musicians into pathologically picayune categories: “The Vienna Franks are a good example of urban white acid folk revivalism crossed with ska.”
** 2014, Heather Augustyn, “Preface”, in Ska: An Oral History, McFarland, →ISBN, page 3:Everyone who loves ska has their own story to tell—the first time they heard the Specials back in the '70s, the first time they danced onstage at a Toasters show in the '80s, the first time they saw the Skatalites perform in the '90s.

#### Derived terms

* skacore
* skank
* ska punk

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ “ska”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

### Further reading

* ska on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* AKs, ASK, Ask, KAs, KSA, SAK, aks, ask, kas

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* s'ka

### Etymology

From s' +‎ kam.

### Verb

ska
* (impersonal, third person) there isn't
    ska parkim ― no parking
    ska përse (ska pse) ― you're welcome (literally, “there isn't why”)

#### Derived terms

* ska probljem

## Basque
### Etymology

From English ska.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /es̺ka/ [es̺.ka]
* Rhymes: -es̺ka

### Noun

ska inan
* (music) ska

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “ska”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English ska.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /skaː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ska
* Rhymes: -aː

### Noun

ska m (uncountable)
* (music) ska

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Verb

ska (present tense skar, past tense skadde, past participle skadd)
* form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by skade

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse skaða.

#### Alternative forms

* skada (long form with a or split infinitive)
* skade (long form with e infinitive)

#### Verb

ska (present tense skar, past tense skadde, past participle skadd, present participle skadande, imperative ska)
* (transitive) to damage, injure
* (transitive) to harm, inconvenience

### Etymology 2

Apocopic form of skal (“shall”).

#### Verb

ska
* (dialectal) alternative form of skal, present tense of skulle
** 1802, Edvard Storm, “Sæterreiſe”, in Laurents Hallager, Norsk Ordsamling, Sebastian Popp, page 183:Qvar ein Dag ſka Gjæstbo væra, Māt ſka naa aat døkre Kne.Every day shall be a feast, food shall reach to your knees
** c. 1700, Sigurd Kolsrud, quoting Jacob Rasch, “Eldste nynorske bibeltekst: Jacob Rasch c. 1700”, in Syn og Segn, volume 56, published 1950, page 110:den ret-færigie ska værte salig a trunaathe just shall be saved by the faith

### References

* “ska” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
* “ska” in The Ordnett Dictionary

## Polish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English ska.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈska/
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: ska
* Homophone: -ska

### Noun

ska n (indeclinable)
* ska (style of Jamaican dance music originating in the late 1950s, combining elements of Caribbean calypso and mento with American jazz and rhythm and blues; it was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae)

### Further reading

* ska in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ska in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Spanish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English ska.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈska/ [ˈska], /esˈka/ [esˈka]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: ska

### Noun

ska m (plural skas)
* ska

#### Usage notes

According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

## Swedish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English ska.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈskɑː/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

ska c
* ska; a style of dance music

### Etymology 2

Apocopic form of skall, present tense of skola (see there for additional senses and examples), from skulu, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /skɑː/
* (Gothenburg) IPA: /ˈskaː/
* Audio:(file)

#### Verb

ska
* will, be going to; denotes a promise or strong intent to perform an action in the future
    Imorgon ska vi mata tigrarTomorrow, we're going to feed tigers
    Jag ska göra det imorgon. Jag lovar!I will do it tomorrow. I promise!
* shall, have to; be required to
    Nej, du ska göra det idag!No, you shall do it today!
* to be said to, to be claimed, to be alleged
    Mannen ska ha uppträtt hotfulltThe man is said to have behaved in a threatening manner
    Hon ska vara över två meter långShe is said to be more than two meters tall
    Det ska tydligen regna imorgonApparently, it's going to rain tomorrow (it is said to be raining tomorrow, on the weather report or the like)
    Jag är väldigt upprörd över ryktena om att jag skulle varit otrogen mot min fruI am very upset by the rumors claiming that I have been unfaithful to my wife
* (with an adverbial involving movement or direction) to intend (for) to go (to/towards) (as if a gå (“walk”), åka (“drive, go”), följa (“follow”), resa (“travel”), or the like had been elided); compare constructions like "I want home" in English.
    Jag ska g̶å̶/å̶k̶a̶ till affärenI'm going to the store
    Jag ska g̶å̶/å̶k̶a̶ hemI'm going home
    Jag ska k̶l̶ä̶t̶t̶r̶a̶ upp på taketI'm going up on the roof
    Vi ska g̶å̶ av vid bensinstationenWe're getting off at the gas station
    Ska du f̶ö̶l̶j̶a̶ med?Wanna join us (to some place)?
    Han ska å̶k̶a̶ ut!We must get him out of here!
    Jag tror han skulle g̶å̶/å̶k̶a̶ hemI think he was going home
    Skulle du f̶ö̶l̶j̶a̶ med eller?Were you going to join or what?
    Jag ska g̶å̶/å̶k̶a̶ dit imorgonI'm going there tomorrow

##### Usage notes

* The construction in (sense 4) is commonly used with vilja (“want”) and måste (“must”) as well, and may occasionally be used with for example borde (“should, ought to”).
* Not old-fashioned or formal like English shall in (sense 2), but a perfect match for meaning (which is usually the case for other senses as well). Skall is an older or more formal spelling and pronunciation for the present tense, which does match English shall in tone. See also the usage notes for skall.
* Infinitive and supine are rarely (if ever) used, and may be considered archaic, but see skola for some additional senses and examples related to other forms.
* kommer att may also be used to denote a future action, but while it denotes something inevitable (something absolutely certain), ska refers to something which is required, intended, or a promise. Compare also böra, which is a (very) strong recommendation, but not without possibility to wiggle out of; and måste (must) which is used when there is a compelling need to do something:
    Solen kommer att gå upp i morgon bittiThe Sun will rise tomorrow morning.
    Jag kommer att städa i morgon.I will clean up tomorrow (There's no doubt about that)
    Jag ska städa i morgon.I will (I promise to/I have been forced to promise to) clean up tomorrow.
    Jag måste städa i morgon.I have to clean up tomorrow [since there are guests coming]
    Jag bör städa i morgon.I should clean up tomorrow (It would be good if I did some cleaning up tomorrow)

##### See also

* skola (the rare infinitive – has additional senses and examples)

### References

* ska in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* ska in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* ska in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* Ask, ask, sak

## Zacatepec Chatino
### Numeral

ska
* one