OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 氣候變化
## Chinese

| | | climate; climate | to change; to vary |
| trad. (氣候變化) | trad. (氣候變化) | 氣候 | 變化 |
| simp. (气候变化) | simp. (气候变化) | 气候 | 变化 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qìhòu biànhuà
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ ㄏㄡˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hei$^3$ hau$^6$ bin$^3$ faa$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hi-heu pien-fa
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qìhòu biànhuà
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ ㄏㄡˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cìhòu biànhuà
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^4$-hou$^4$ pien$^4$-hua$^4$
*** Yale: chì-hòu byàn-hwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chihhow biannhuah
*** Palladius: цихоу бяньхуа (cixou bjanʹxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hei$^3$ hau$^6$ bin$^3$ faa$^3$
*** Yale: hei hauh bin fa
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hei$^3$ hau$^6$ bin$^3$ faa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: héi$^3$ heo$^6$ bin$^3$ fa$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hei̯³³ hɐu̯²² piːn³³ faː³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hi-heu pien-fa
*** Hakka Romanization System: hi heu bien fa
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hi$^4$ heu$^4$ bian$^4$ fa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi⁵⁵ heu̯⁵⁵ pi̯en⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/

### Noun

氣候變化
* climate change
       rénlèi huódòng dǎozhì de qìhòu biànhuà [Pinyin]
       human-induced climate change

#### Synonyms

* 氣候變遷／气候变迁 (qìhòu biànqiān)
* 氣候改變／气候改变 (qìhòu gǎibiàn)
* 氣候轉變／气候转变 (qìhòu zhuǎnbiàn)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 氣 | 候 | 變 | 化 |

### Noun

氣候變化 • (gihu byeonhwa) (hangeul 기후 변화)
* hanja form of 기후 변화
# 氣候變遷
## Chinese

| | | climate; climate | to change; to transition |
| trad. (氣候變遷) | trad. (氣候變遷) | 氣候 | 變遷 |
| simp. (气候变迁) | simp. (气候变迁) | 气候 | 变迁 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qìhòu biànqiān
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ ㄏㄡˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄢ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qìhòu biànqiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ ㄏㄡˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cìhòu biàncian
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^4$-hou$^4$ pien$^4$-chʻien$^1$
*** Yale: chì-hòu byàn-chyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chihhow biannchian
*** Palladius: цихоу бяньцянь (cixou bjanʹcjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

### Noun

氣候變遷
* climate change

#### Synonyms

* 氣候變化／气候变化 (qìhòu biànhuà)
* 氣候改變／气候改变 (qìhòu gǎibiàn)
* 氣候轉變／气候转变 (qìhòu zhuǎnbiàn)
# 氣功療法
## Chinese

| | | qigong | therapy; medical treatment |
| trad. (氣功療法) | trad. (氣功療法) | 氣功 | 療法 |
| simp. (气功疗法) | simp. (气功疗法) | 气功 | 疗法 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qìgōng liáofǎ
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄈㄚˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hei$^3$ gung$^1$ liu$^4$ faat$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qìgōng liáofǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄈㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cìgong liáofǎ
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^4$-kung$^1$ liao$^2$-fa$^3$
*** Yale: chì-gūng lyáu-fǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chihgong liaufaa
*** Palladius: цигун ляофа (cigun ljaofa)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hei$^3$ gung$^1$ liu$^4$ faat$^3$
*** Yale: hei gūng lìuh faat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hei$^3$ gung$^1$ liu$^4$ faat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: héi$^3$ gung$^1$ liu$^4$ fad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hei̯³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹ faːt̚³/

### Noun

氣功療法
* (alternative medicine) qigong therapy
# 氣勢
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qìshì
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ ㄕˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hei$^3$ sai$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khì-sè / khì-sì / khùi-sì / khùi-sè
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ki$^3$ si$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qìshì
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cìshìh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^4$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: chì-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chihshyh
*** Palladius: циши (ciši)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$器識／器识 棄世／弃世 棄市／弃市 氣勢／气势 氣室／气室
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hei$^3$ sai$^3$
*** Yale: hei sai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hei$^3$ sai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: héi$^3$ sei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hei̯³³ sɐi̯³³/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$棄世／弃世 氣勢／气势
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì-sè
*** Tâi-lô: khì-sè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiesex
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ se⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ se²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ se¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ se²¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì-sì
*** Tâi-lô: khì-sì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiesix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ si²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ si²¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùi-sì
*** Tâi-lô: khuì-sì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: quiesix
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰui²¹⁻⁴¹ si²¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùi-sè
*** Tâi-lô: khuì-sè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: quiesex
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰui¹¹⁻⁵³ se¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ki$^3$ si$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khì sì
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ si²¹³/

### Noun

氣勢
* momentum; imposing manner; force; vigor; energy

#### Synonyms

* 威勢／威势 (wēishì)
* 氣／气
* 氣焰／气焰 (qìyàn) (archaic, of a person)
* 氣魄／气魄 (qìpò)
* 筆勢／笔势 (bǐshì) (of calligraphy, art, literary works, etc.)

#### Derived terms

* 氣勢如虹／气势如虹 (qìshìrúhóng)
* 氣勢洶洶／气势汹汹
* 氣勢熏灼／气势熏灼
* 氣勢磅礴／气势磅礴 (qìshìpángbó)
* 氣勢雄偉／气势雄伟

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 기세(氣勢) (gise)
* → Vietnamese: khí thế (氣勢)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 氣 | 勢 |

### Noun

氣勢 • (gise) (hangeul 기세)
* hanja form of 기세 (“vigour”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 氣 | 勢 |

### Noun

氣勢
* chữ Hán form of khí thế (“momentum; strength; force; vigor; energy”).
# 洗濯機
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 洗 | 濯 | 機 |
| せん Grade: 6 | たく Grade: S | き Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi |||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せんたくき [sèńtákúꜜkì] (Nakadaka – [4])
* (Tokyo) せんたくき [sèńtáꜜkùkì] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [sẽ̞nta̠kɯ̟̊kʲi]

#### Noun

洗(せん)濯(たく)機(き) • (sentakuki)
* washing machine

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 洗 | 濯 | 機 |
| せん Grade: 6 | たく > たっ Grade: S | き Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi |||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sẽ̞nta̠k̚ʲkʲi]
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “pitch accent?”

#### Noun

洗(せん)濯(たっ)機(き) • (sentakki)
* washing machine

##### Usage notes

* The reading of sentakki is more informal than sentakuki.

### References

* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 洗 | 濯 | 機 |

### Noun

洗濯機 • (setakgi) (hangeul 세탁기)
* hanja form of 세탁기 (“washing machine”)
# 永暦
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 永 | 暦 |
| えい Grade: 5 | りゃく Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 永曆 (kyūjitai)

### Proper noun

永(えい)暦(りゃく) • (Eiryaku)
* the Eiryaku era, 1160-1161

#### See also

* 平治(へいじ) (Heiji) (era preceding Eiryaku)
* 応保(おうほう) (Ōhō) (era following Eiryaku)
# 永曆
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Yǒnglì
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥˇ ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wing$^5$ lik$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Yǒnglì
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Yǒnglì
*** Wade–Giles: Yung$^3$-li$^4$
*** Yale: Yǔng-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yeonglih
*** Palladius: Юнли (Junli)
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$勇力 擁立／拥立
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wing$^5$ lik$^6$
*** Yale: wíhng lihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wing$^5$ lik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wing$^5$ lig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɪŋ¹³ lɪk̚²/

### Proper noun

永曆 (historical)
* (～帝) the Yongli Emperor, commonly known as Zhu Youlang (the fourth and final emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty)
* the Yongli era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, from 1647 to 1662)
# 永昌
## Chinese

* 永昌 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Éng-chhiong-koān (Southern Min)
* Yongchang (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǒngchāng, Yǒngchāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥˇ ㄔㄤ, ㄩㄥˇ ㄔㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wing$^5$ coeng$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): éng-chhiong / Éng-chhiong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǒngchāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ ㄔㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǒngchang
*** Wade–Giles: yung$^3$-chʻang$^1$
*** Yale: yǔng-chāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeongchang
*** Palladius: юнчан (junčan)
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Yǒngchāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ ㄔㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Yǒngchang
*** Wade–Giles: Yung$^3$-chʻang$^1$
*** Yale: Yǔng-chāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yeongchang
*** Palladius: Юнчан (Junčan)
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wing$^5$ coeng$^1$
*** Yale: wíhng chēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wing$^5$ tsoeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wing$^5$ cêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɪŋ¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng-chhiong / Éng-chhiong
*** Tâi-lô: íng-tshiong / Íng-tshiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: efngchiofng, efngchiofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/, /iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/, /iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/, /iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/, /iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/, /iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

### Adjective

永昌
* (literary) long and prosperous (life)

### Proper noun

永昌
* (～縣) Yongchang (a county of Jinchang, Gansu, China)
* (historical) the Yongchang era (a Chinese era name):
** The third era of Emperor Yuan of Jin, from 322 to 323.
** The fourth era of Emperor Ruizong of Tang, in 689.
** The era of Li Zicheng as emperor of Shun, from 1644 to 1645.
# 池座
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chízuò
    (Zhuyin): ㄔˊ ㄗㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ci$^4$ zo$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chízuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄔˊ ㄗㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chíhzuò
*** Wade–Giles: chʻih$^2$-tso$^4$
*** Yale: chŕ-dzwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyrtzuoh
*** Palladius: чицзо (čiczo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^4$ zo$^6$
*** Yale: chìh joh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^4$ dzo$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^4$ zo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː²¹ t͡sɔː²²/

### Noun

池座
* front stalls (of a theatre)

#### Synonyms

* 池子 (chízi)
# 満州国
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 満 | 州 | 国 |
| まん Grade: 4 | しゅう Grade: 3 | こく Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |||
* Alternative spellings
* 滿洲國 (kyūjitai) 満洲国

### Etymology

州 is a daiyōji replacing 洲.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mã̠ɰ̃ɕɨːko̞kɯ̟]

### Proper noun

満(まん)州(しゅう)国(こく) • (Manshūkoku)
* (historical) Manchuria, Manchukuo
# 流变
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 流变 – see 流變 (“to change and develop; to evolve; change and development; evolution”). (This term is the simplified form of 流變).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 海牙
## Chinese

* 海牙

### Etymology

Probably from French La Haye or Portuguese Haia.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Hǎiyá
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˇ ㄧㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi$^2$ ngaa$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Hǎiyá
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄧㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Hǎiyá
*** Wade–Giles: Hai$^3$-ya$^2$
*** Yale: Hǎi-yá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Haeya
*** Palladius: Хайя (Xajja)
*** Sinological IPA : /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoi$^2$ ngaa$^4$
*** Yale: hói ngàh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoi$^2$ ngaa$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hoi$^2$ nga$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːi̯³⁵ ŋaː²¹/

### Proper noun

海牙
* The Hague (the administrative capital of the Netherlands)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 海 | 牙 |
| はあ Grade: 2 (ateji) | ぐ Grade: S (ateji) |
| irregular ||
* Alternative spelling
* 海牙 (kyūjitai)

### Proper noun

海牙(ハーグ) • (Hāgu)
* The Hague (the administrative capital of the Netherlands)
# 海物
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hǎiwù
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˇ ㄨˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hǎiwù
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hǎiwù
*** Wade–Giles: hai$^3$-wu$^4$
*** Yale: hǎi-wù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haewuh
*** Palladius: хайу (xaju)
*** Sinological IPA : /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵¹/

### Noun

海物
* (Harbin Mandarin) seafood

#### Synonyms

* 水產／水产 (shuǐchǎn)
* 水產品／水产品 (shuǐchǎnpǐn)
* 河鮮／河鲜 (héxiān) (freshwater seafood from a river)
* 海味 (hǎiwèi)
* 海品 (Liuzhou Mandarin)
* 海產／海产 (hǎichǎn)
* 海產食品／海产食品 (hǎichǎn shípǐn)
* 海菜 (hǎicài) (Liuzhou Mandarin)
* 海鮮／海鲜 (hǎixiān)
* 湖鮮／湖鲜 (húxiān) (freshwater seafood from a lake)
* 魚腥／鱼腥 (Wu)
* 魚腥蝦蟹／鱼腥虾蟹 (Wu)
* 魚臊／鱼臊 (Hokkien)
* 魚蝦／鱼虾 (yúxiā)
* 魚貨／鱼货 (yúhuò) (fish product)
* 魚鮮／鱼鲜 (yúxiān)
# 溶滓
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 溶 | 滓 |
| よう Grade: S | し Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
Kanji in this term :
| 溶 | 滓 |
| よう Grade: S | さい Hyōgai |
| on'yomi | kan'yōon |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) よーし [yóꜜòshì] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) よーさい [yòósáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [jo̞ːɕi]
* IPA: [jo̞ːsa̠i]

### Noun

溶(よう)滓(し) or 溶(よう)滓(さい) • (yōshi or yōsai)
* slag

#### Synonyms

* スラグ (suragu)
* 鉱滓
* のろ (noro)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 溶着
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 溶 | 着 |
| よう Grade: S | ちゃく Grade: 3 |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spelling
* 熔着

### Etymology

溶 is a daiyōji replacing 熔.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) よーちゃく [yòóchákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [jo̞ːt͡ɕa̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

溶(よう)着(ちゃく) • (yōchaku)
* bonding heating at a high temperature

#### Related terms

* 溶(よう)接(せつ) (yōsetsu)

### Verb

溶(よう)着(ちゃく)する • (yōchaku suru) transitive suru (stem 溶(よう)着(ちゃく)し (yōchaku shi), past 溶(よう)着(ちゃく)した (yōchaku shita))
* to bond heating at a high temperature

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 溶着し | ようちゃくし | yōchaku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 溶着し | ようちゃくし | yōchaku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 溶着する | ようちゃくする | yōchaku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 溶着する | ようちゃくする | yōchaku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 溶着すれ | ようちゃくすれ | yōchaku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 溶着せよ¹ 溶着しろ² | ようちゃくせよ¹ ようちゃくしろ² | yōchaku seyo¹ yōchaku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 溶着される | ようちゃくされる | yōchaku sareru |
| Causative | 溶着させる 溶着さす | ようちゃくさせる ようちゃくさす | yōchaku saseru yōchaku sasu |
| Potential | 溶着できる | ようちゃくできる | yōchaku dekiru |
| Volitional | 溶着しよう | ようちゃくしよう | yōchaku shiyō |
| Negative | 溶着しない | ようちゃくしない | yōchaku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 溶着せず | ようちゃくせず | yōchaku sezu |
| Formal | 溶着します | ようちゃくします | yōchaku shimasu |
| Perfective | 溶着した | ようちゃくした | yōchaku shita |
| Conjunctive | 溶着して | ようちゃくして | yōchaku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 溶着すれば | ようちゃくすれば | yōchaku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 溫泉
## Chinese

* 溫泉 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 溫泉 (Cantonese)
* Un-chôaⁿ (Southern Min)
* 溫泉 (Wu)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wēnquán
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄣ ㄑㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wan$^1$ cyun$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vûn-chhièn / vûn-chhàn
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): un-chôaⁿ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wēnquán
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄣ ㄑㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wuncyuán
*** Wade–Giles: wên$^1$-chʻüan$^2$
*** Yale: wēn-chywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uenchyuan
*** Palladius: вэньцюань (vɛnʹcjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wan$^1$ cyun$^4$
*** Yale: wān chyùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wan$^1$ tsyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wen$^1$ qun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$溫存／温存 溫泉／温泉
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vûn-chhièn / vûn-chhàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: vun$^ˊ$ qien$^ˇ$ / vun$^ˊ$ can$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vun$^1$ qian$^2$ / vun$^1$ can$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /vun²⁴ t͡sʰi̯en¹¹/, /vun²⁴ t͡sʰan¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vûn-chhièn
*** Hakka Romanization System: vun$^ˊ$ qien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vun$^1$ qian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /vun²⁴ t͡sʰi̯en¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: un-chôaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: un-tsuânn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: unzvoaa
*** IPA (Xiamen): /un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡suã²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /un³³ t͡suã²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡suã¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suã²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suã²³/
* Middle Chinese: 'won dzjwen
Rime :
| Character | 溫 | 泉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) | 仙 (78) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 烏渾切 | 疾緣切 |
| Baxter | 'won | dzjwen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔuən/ | /d͡ziuᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔuon/ | /d͡zʷiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔuən/ | /d͡zjuæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔwən/ | /d͡zwian/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔuən/ | /d͡ziuɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /uən/ | /d͡zĭwɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔuən/ | /d͡zʱi̯wɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wēn | quán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wan$^1$ | cyun$^4$ |

### Noun

溫泉
* hot spring; spa; onsen
    泡溫泉／泡温泉 ― pào wēnquán ― to soak in a hot spring

#### Synonyms

* (literary or Min Nan) 湯泉／汤泉 (tāngquán)

#### Antonyms

* 冷泉 (lěngquán)

#### Derived terms

* 溫泉浴／温泉浴

### Proper noun

溫泉
* (～縣) Wenquan County (a county of Xinjiang, China)
* (～鎮) Wenquan Town (name of various towns in China)
** (～鎮) Wenquan (a town in Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, China)
** (～鎮) Wenquan (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 溫 | 泉 |
| おん Jinmeiyō | せん Grade: 6 |
| kan'on ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 溫泉 – see the following entry. :
| 【温泉おんせん】 | [noun] a hot spring [noun] a spa, an onsen |
(This term, 溫泉, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 溫 | 泉 |

### Noun

溫泉 • (oncheon) (hangeul 온천)
* hanja form of 온천 (“hot spring, thermal spring, onsen”)
# 潛隱
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiányǐn, qiǎnyǐn
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄧㄣˇ, ㄑㄧㄢˇ ㄧㄣˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiányǐn
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄧㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciányǐn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^2$-yin$^3$
*** Yale: chyán-yǐn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyanyiin
*** Palladius: цяньинь (cjanʹinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ in²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎnyǐn [Phonetic: qiányǐn]
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˇ ㄧㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎnyǐn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^3$-yin$^3$
*** Yale: chyǎn-yǐn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheanyiin
*** Palladius: цяньинь (cjanʹinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ in²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Verb

潛隱
* (literary) to hide; to conceal

### Adjective

潛隱
* (literary) hidden; concealed
# 清静
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 清静 – see 清靜 (“tranquil; quiet; peaceful”). (This term is the simplified form of 清靜).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 点点
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 点点 – see 點點 (“a little bit”). (This term is the simplified form of 點點).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 溜沟子
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 溜沟子 – see 溜溝子 (“to brownnose; to kiss someone's ass; to suck up”). (This term is the simplified form of 溜溝子).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 湊仔公
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): cau$^3$ zai$^2$ gung$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cau$^3$ zai$^2$ gung$^1$
*** Yale: chau jái gūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsau$^3$ dzai$^2$ gung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ceo$^3$ zei$^2$ gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐu̯³³ t͡sɐi̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

### Noun

湊仔公
* (Cantonese) househusband who looks after the children
# 溫都爾汗
## Chinese

| | | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic |
| trad. (溫都爾汗) | trad. (溫都爾汗) | 溫 | 都 | 爾 | 汗 |
| simp. (温都尔汗) | simp. (温都尔汗) | 温 | 都 | 尔 | 汗 |
* 溫都爾汗

### Etymology

Borrowed from Mongolian Өндөрхаан (Öndörxaan).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Wēndū'ěrhán
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄣ ㄉㄨ ㄦˇ ㄏㄢˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Wēndū'ěrhán
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄣ ㄉㄨ ㄦˇ ㄏㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Wundu-ěrhán
*** Wade–Giles: Wên$^1$-tu$^1$-êrh$^3$-han$^2$
*** Yale: Wēn-dū-ěr-hán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Uendueelharn
*** Palladius: Вэньдуэрхань (Vɛnʹduerxanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wən⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän³⁵/

### Proper noun

溫都爾汗
* Öndörkhaan (the capital city of Khentii, Mongolia)
# 溫言在口，大棒在手
## Chinese

| | | (luke)warm; to review | to speak; to say; talkto speak; to say; talk; word | (located) at; in; exist(located) at; in; exist; (before verbs) immediately involved in; right in the middle of doing | mouth; (a measure word, for people, livestock or utensils) | | big; great; hugebig; great; huge; large; major; wide; deep; oldest; eldest; doctor | a stick; club or cudgel; smarta stick; club or cudgel; smart; capable; strong | (located) at; in; exist(located) at; in; exist; (before verbs) immediately involved in; right in the middle of doing | hand; convenient; ‑er |
| trad. (溫言在口，大棒在手) | trad. (溫言在口，大棒在手) | 溫 | 言 | 在 | 口 | ， | 大 | 棒 | 在 | 手 |
| simp. (温言在口，大棒在手) | simp. (温言在口，大棒在手) | 温 | 言 | 在 | 口 | ， | 大 | 棒 | 在 | 手 |
| Literally: “gentle words in mouth, big stick on hand”. |||||||||||

### Etymology

Calque of English speak softly and carry a big stick.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wēnyán zài kǒu, dàbàng zài shǒu
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄣ ㄧㄢˊ ㄗㄞˋ ㄎㄡˇ , ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄤˋ ㄗㄞˋ ㄕㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wan$^1$ jin$^4$ zoi$^6$ hau$^2$, daai$^6$ paang$^5$ zoi$^6$ sau$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wēnyán zài kǒu, dàbàng zài shǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄣ ㄧㄢˊ ㄗㄞˋ ㄎㄡˇ , ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄤˋ ㄗㄞˋ ㄕㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wunyán zài kǒu, dàbàng zài shǒu
*** Wade–Giles: wên$^1$-yen$^2$ tsai$^4$ kʻou$^3$, ta$^4$-pang$^4$ tsai$^4$ shou$^3$
*** Yale: wēn-yán dzài kǒu-, dà-bàng dzài shǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uenyan tzay koou, dahbanq tzay shoou
*** Palladius: вэньянь цзай коу, дабан цзай шоу (vɛnʹjanʹ czaj kou, daban czaj šou)
*** Sinological IPA : /wən⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wan$^1$ jin$^4$ zoi$^6$ hau$^2$, daai$^6$ paang$^5$ zoi$^6$ sau$^2$
*** Yale: wān yìhn joih háu, daaih páahng joih sáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wan$^1$ jin$^4$ dzoi$^6$ hau$^2$, daai$^6$ paang$^5$ dzoi$^6$ sau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wen$^1$ yin$^4$ zoi$^6$ heo$^2$, dai$^6$ pang$^5$ zoi$^6$ seo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐn⁵⁵ jiːn²¹ t͡sɔːi̯²² hɐu̯³⁵ taːi̯²² pʰaːŋ¹³ t͡sɔːi̯²² sɐu̯³⁵/

### Proverb

溫言在口，大棒在手
* speak softly and carry a big stick
** 2024 January 14, Lianhe Zaobao, 美学者提醒：台湾选后应保持克制同时加强备战 (American Scholar Reminds: Post-Election Taiwan Should Exercise Restraint while Enhance War-Preperation)‎:
       Dàiyǎmén yě yǐnshù měiguó yǐgù zǒngtǒng lǎo luósīfú míngyán “wēnyánzàikǒu, dàbàngzàishǒu”, zhǐ bàidēng zhèngfǔ zhèngshì yīxún cǐ lùxiàn, bù cǎiqǔ tiǎoxìn jǔcuò...... [Pinyin]
       Larry Diamond also quotes the late U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt's famous quote "speak softly and carry a big stick". He says the Biden Administration follows this path by not pursuing provocation...