# 娩

| 娩 | U+5A29, &#23081; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5A29 |
| ← 娨 [U+5A28] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 娪 → [U+5A2A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

娩 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女弓日山 (VNAU), four-corner 4741$_6$, composition ⿰女免)

#### Derived characters

* 嬎, 𡤳

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 263, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6337
* Dae Jaweon: page 530, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1053, character 9
* Unihan data for U+5A29

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 娩
* Shang
* Oracle bone script
| | Old Chinese |
| 免 | *mronʔ |
| 娩 | *mronʔ, *mronʔ, *m̥ʰons, *monʔ, *mons, *muns |
| 勉 | *mronʔ |
| 俛 | *mronʔ |
| 鮸 | *mronʔ |
| 冕 | *mronʔ |
| 絻 | *mronʔ, *moːn, *muns |
| 婏 | *m̥ʰos |
| 浼 | *muːlʔ |
| 鞔 | *moːn |
| 悗 | *moːn |
| 嬎 | *m̥ʰons |
| 晚 | *monʔ |
| 挽 | *monʔ |
| 輓 | *monʔ, *mons |
| 脕 | *monʔ, *mons, *muns |
| 莬 | *muns |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): miǎn (mian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): min$^5$ / maan$^5$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bián
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: miǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: miǎn
*** Wade–Giles: mien$^3$
*** Yale: myǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mean
*** Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: min$^5$ / maan$^5$
*** Yale: míhn / máahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: min$^5$ / maan$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: min$^5$ / man$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːn¹³/, /maːn¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: meng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɛŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: meng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɛŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián
*** Tâi-lô: bián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biern
*** IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: mjenX
Rime :
| Character | 娩 |
| Reading # | 2/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (79) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 亡辨切 |
| Baxter | mjenX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠiᴇn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚiɛn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mian$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /mjɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭɛn$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯ɛn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | miǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | min$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mronʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 娩 | 娩 |
| Reading # | 1/6 | 2/6 |
| No. | 9066 | 9067 |
| Phonetic component | 免 | 免 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 免 | 免 |
| Old Chinese | /*mronʔ/ | /*mronʔ/ |
| Notes | 媚 | 原同說文從子， 生子古只作免， 唐宋後通用作娩 |

#### Definitions

娩
* to give birth to a child

#### Compounds

* 分娩 (fēnmiǎn)
* 娩出 (miǎnchū)
* 娩息
* 無痛分娩／无痛分娩

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wǎn, miǎn (wan$^3$, mian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˇ, ㄇㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): waan$^5$ / min$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǎn
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^3$
*** Yale: wǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woan
*** Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: miǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: miǎn
*** Wade–Giles: mien$^3$
*** Yale: myǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mean
*** Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waan$^5$ / min$^5$
*** Yale: wáahn / míhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waan$^5$ / min$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wan$^5$ / min$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /waːn¹³/, /miːn¹³/
* Middle Chinese: mjonX
Rime :
| Character | 娩 |
| Reading # | 1/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 無遠切 |
| Baxter | mjonX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mʉɐn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mʷiɐn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miuɐn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muan$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /miuɐn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭwɐn$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯wɐn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | maan$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*monʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 娩 |
| Reading # | 4/6 |
| No. | 9082 |
| Phonetic component | 免 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 晚 |
| Old Chinese | /*monʔ/ |
| Notes | 見禮記 |

#### Definitions

娩
* (literary) beautiful; delicate; fine
* (literary) complaisant; agreeable

#### Compounds

* 婉娩

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wàn (wan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maan$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wàn
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^4$
*** Yale: wàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wann
*** Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maan$^6$
*** Yale: maahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: man$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːn²²/
* Middle Chinese: mjonH
Rime :
| Character | 娩 |
| Reading # | 4/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 無販切 |
| Baxter | mjonH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mʉɐn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mʷiɐn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miuɐn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /miuɐn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭwɐn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯wɐn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | maan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mons/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 娩 |
| Reading # | 5/6 |
| No. | 9086 |
| Phonetic component | 免 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 万 |
| Old Chinese | /*mons/ |

#### Definitions

娩
* A surname.
* Alternative form of 萬／万 (wàn)

### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fàn (fan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faan$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fàn
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^4$
*** Yale: fàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fann
*** Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faan$^3$
*** Yale: faan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːn³³/
* Middle Chinese: phjonH
Rime :
| Character | 娩 |
| Reading # | 5/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 芳万切 |
| Baxter | phjonH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰʉɐn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰʷiɐn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰiuɐn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰuan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰiuɐn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰĭwɐn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pʰi̯wɐn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*m̥ʰons/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 娩 |
| Reading # | 3/6 |
| No. | 9079 |
| Phonetic component | 免 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 嬔 |
| Old Chinese | /*m̥ʰons/ |
| Notes | 兔子說文從兔， 爾雅作嬎 |

#### Definitions

娩
* (alt. form 嬎) to reproduce

### Pronunciation 5

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wèn (wen$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄣˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wùn
*** Wade–Giles: wên$^4$
*** Yale: wèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wenn
*** Palladius: вэнь (vɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wən⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: mjunH
Rime :
| Character | 娩 |
| Reading # | 3/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 亡運切 |
| Baxter | mjunH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨun$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miun$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miuən$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mun$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /miuən$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭuən$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯uən$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | man$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*muns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 娩 |
| Reading # | 6/6 |
| No. | 9091 |
| Phonetic component | 免 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 問 |
| Old Chinese | /*muns/ |

#### Definitions

娩
* Used in female personal names.

### References

* “娩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “娩”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 157.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | Shinjitai (extended) |
| 娩󠄂 娩+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | Shinjitai (extended) |
| Kyūjitai | 娩 |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* bear (children)

#### Readings

* Go-on: まん (man)、めん (men)
* Kan-on: ばん (ban)、べん (ben)
* Kun: うむ (umu, 娩む)

## Korean
### Hanja

娩 • (man) (hangeul 만)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

娩: Hán Nôm readings: vãn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation