# ϩⲟⲟⲩ
## Coptic
### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* ⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ (ehoou) — Bohairic
* ϩⲁⲟⲩ (haou), ϩⲁⲩ (hau), ϩⲁⲁⲟⲩ (haaou), ϩⲁⲁⲩ (haau) — Fayyumic
* ϩⲟⲟⲩⲉ (hooue) — Lycopolitan, Akhmimic
* ϩⲱⲟⲩⲉ (hōoue) — Akhmimic

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɔːw/

#### Noun

ϩⲟⲟⲩ • (hoou) m (nominal form ϩⲟⲩ- (hou-))
* (Sahidic, Fayyumic, Lycopolitan) day

##### Derived terms

* ϩⲟⲩⲙⲓⲥⲉ (houmise, “birthday”)

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* ϩⲁⲩ (hau) — Akhmimic, Fayyumic
* ϩⲱⲟⲩ (hōou) — Bohairic

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɔw/

#### Verb

ϩⲟⲟⲩ • (hoou)
* (Sahidic) to be evil

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϩⲟⲟⲩ hoou | imperative | affirmative | ϩⲟⲟⲩ hoou |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ tm̄hoou | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pr̄hoou |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϩⲟⲟⲩ tihoou | ⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ khoou | ⲧⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ tehoou | ϥϩⲟⲟⲩ fhoou | ⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ shoou | ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ tn̄hoou | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ tetn̄hoou | ⲥⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ sehoou | ϩⲟⲟⲩ hoou |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ eïhoou | ⲉⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ ekhoou | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ erehoou | ⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ efhoou | ⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ eshoou | ⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ enhoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etetn̄hoou | ⲉⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ euhoou | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ ere- hoou |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϩⲟⲟⲩ etihoou | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etk̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ etehoou, eterehoou | ⲉⲧϥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etf̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ ets̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etn̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etetn̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ etouhoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ etere- hoou |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ neïhoou | ⲛⲉⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ nekhoou | ⲛⲉⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ nerehoou | ⲛⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ nefhoou | ⲛⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ neshoou | ⲛⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ nenhoou | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ netetn̄hoou | ⲛⲉⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ neuhoou | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ nere- hoou |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ tinahoou | ⲕⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ knahoou | ⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ tenahoou | ϥⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ fnahoou | ⲥⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ snahoou | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ tn̄nahoou | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ tetnahoou | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ senahoou | ⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ nahoou |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ eïnahoou | ⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ eknahoou | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ erenahoou | ⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ efnahoou | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ esnahoou | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ ennahoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ etetnahoou | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ eunahoou | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ ere- nahoou |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ etinahoou | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ etk̄nahoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ etenahoou, eterenahoou | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ etf̄nahoou | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ ets̄nahoou | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ etn̄nahoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ etetnahoou | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ etounahoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ etere- nahoou |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ neïnahoou | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ neknahoou | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ nerenahoou | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ nefnahoou | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ nesnahoou | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ nennahoou | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ netetnahoou | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ neunahoou | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ nere- nahoou |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ aïhoou | ⲁⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ akhoou | ⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲁⲣϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲁⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ahoou, arhoou, arehoou | ⲁϥϩⲟⲟⲩ afhoou | ⲁⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ ashoou | ⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ anhoou | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ atetn̄hoou | ⲁⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ auhoou | ⲁ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ a- hoou |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pihoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pk̄hoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pehoou, m̄pr̄hoou | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pf̄hoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄ps̄hoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pn̄hoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄petn̄hoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pouhoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pe- hoou |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ eaïhoou | ⲉⲁⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ eakhoou | ⲉⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲁⲣϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ eahoou, earhoou, earehoou | ⲉⲁϥϩⲟⲟⲩ eafhoou | ⲉⲁⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ eashoou | ⲉⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ eanhoou | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ eatetn̄hoou | ⲉⲁⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ eauhoou | ⲉⲁ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ ea- hoou |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄pihoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄pk̄hoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄pehoou, em̄pr̄hoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄pf̄hoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄ps̄hoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄pn̄hoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄petn̄hoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄pouhoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄pe- hoou |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ entaïhoou, n̄taïhoou | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ entakhoou, n̄takhoou | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ entahoou, n̄tahoou, entarhoou, n̄tarhoou, entarehoou, n̄tarehoou | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲟⲟⲩ entafhoou, n̄tafhoou | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ entashoou, n̄tashoou | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ entanhoou, n̄tanhoou | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ entatetn̄hoou, n̄tatetn̄hoou | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ entauhoou, n̄tauhoou | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ enta- hoou, n̄ta- hoou |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pihoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pk̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pehoou, etem̄pr̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pf̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄ps̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pn̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄petn̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pouhoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pe- hoou |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ neaïhoou | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ neakhoou | ⲛⲉⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ neahoou, nearhoou, nearehoou | ⲛⲉⲁϥϩⲟⲟⲩ neafhoou | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ neashoou | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ neanhoou | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ neatetn̄hoou | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ neauhoou | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ nea- hoou |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pihoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pk̄hoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pehoou, nem̄pr̄hoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pf̄hoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄ps̄hoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pn̄hoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄petn̄hoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pouhoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pe- hoou |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄taïhoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄takhoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄tahoou, n̄tarhoou, n̄tarehoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄tafhoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄tashoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄tanhoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄tatetn̄hoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄tauhoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄ta- hoou |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄patihoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄patk̄hoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄patehoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄patf̄hoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pats̄hoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄patn̄hoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄patetn̄hoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄patouhoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pate- hoou |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄patihoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄patk̄hoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄patehoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄patf̄hoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄pats̄hoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄patn̄hoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄patetn̄hoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄patouhoou | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ em̄pate- hoou |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄patihoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄patk̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄patehoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄patf̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pats̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄patn̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄patetn̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄patouhoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pate- hoou |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄patihoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄patk̄hoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄patehoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄patf̄hoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pats̄hoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄patn̄hoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄patetn̄hoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄patouhoou | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pate- hoou |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ šaïhoou | ϣⲁⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ šakhoou | ϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ šarehoou | ϣⲁϥϩⲟⲟⲩ šafhoou | ϣⲁⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ šashoou | ϣⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ šanhoou | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ šatetn̄hoou | ϣⲁⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ šauhoou | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ šare- hoou |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ meïhoou | ⲙⲉⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ mekhoou | ⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ merehoou | ⲙⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ mefhoou | ⲙⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ meshoou | ⲙⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ menhoou | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ metetn̄hoou | ⲙⲉⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ meuhoou | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ mere- hoou |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ ešaïhoou | ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ ešakhoou | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ešarehoou | ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲟⲟⲩ ešafhoou | ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ ešashoou | ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ ešanhoou | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ ešatetn̄hoou | ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ ešauhoou | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ ešare- hoou |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ emeïhoou | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ emekhoou | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ emerehoou | ⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ emefhoou | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ emeshoou | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ emenhoou | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ emetetn̄hoou | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ emeuhoou | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ emere- hoou |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ etešaïhoou, ešaïhoou | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ etešakhoou, ešakhoou | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ etešarehoou, ešarehoou | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲟⲟⲩ etešafhoou, ešafhoou | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ etešashoou, ešashoou | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ etešanhoou, ešanhoou | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etešatetn̄hoou, ešatetn̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ etešauhoou, ešauhoou | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ etešare- hoou, ešare- hoou |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ etemeïhoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ etemekhoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ etemerehoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ etemefhoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ etemeshoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ etemenhoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etemetetn̄hoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ etemeuhoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ etemere- hoou |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ nešaïhoou | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ nešakhoou | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ nešarehoou | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϩⲟⲟⲩ nešafhoou | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ nešashoou | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ nešanhoou | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ nešatetn̄hoou | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ nešauhoou | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ nešare- hoou |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ nemeïhoou | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ nemekhoou | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ nemerehoou | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ nemefhoou | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ nemeshoou | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ nemenhoou | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ nemetetn̄hoou | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ nemeuhoou | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ nemere- hoou |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ emeïhoou | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ emekhoou | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ emerehoou | ⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ emefhoou | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ emeshoou | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ emenhoou | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ emetetn̄hoou | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ emeuhoou | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ emere- hoou |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ eïehoou | ⲉⲕⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ekehoou | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ erehoou | ⲉϥⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ efehoou | ⲉⲥⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ esehoou | ⲉⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ enehoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ etetnehoou | ⲉⲩⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ euehoou | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ ere- hoou |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄nahoou | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄nekhoou | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄nehoou | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄nefhoou | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄neshoou | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄nenhoou | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄netn̄hoou | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄neuhoou | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄ne- hoou |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϩⲟⲟⲩ marihoou | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ marefhoou | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ mareshoou | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ marn̄hoou | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ marouhoou | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ mare- hoou |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pr̄trahoou | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pr̄trefhoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pr̄treshoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pr̄trenhoou | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pr̄treuhoou | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ m̄pr̄tre- hoou |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲧⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄tahoou, tahoou | ⲛ̄ⲅϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄ghoou, n̄khoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄tehoou | ⲛ̄ϥϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄fhoou | ⲛ̄ⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄shoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄tn̄hoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄tetn̄hoou | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄sehoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄te- hoou |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϩⲟⲟⲩ tarihoou | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ tarekhoou | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ tarehoou | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ tarefhoou | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ tareshoou | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ tarn̄hoou | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ taretn̄hoou | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ tarouhoou | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ tare- hoou |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄terihoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄terekhoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄terehoou, n̄tererhoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄terefhoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄tereshoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄tern̄hoou, n̄terenhoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄teretn̄hoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄terouhoou | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ n̄tere- hoou |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϩⲟⲟⲩ šantihoou | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ šantk̄hoou | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ šantehoou | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ šantf̄hoou | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ šants̄hoou | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ šantn̄hoou | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ šantetn̄hoou | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ šantouhoou | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ šante- hoou |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ eïšanhoou | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ ekšanhoou | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ eršanhoou, erešanhoou | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ efšanhoou | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ esšanhoou | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ enšanhoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ etetn̄šanhoou | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ eušanhoou | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ eršan- hoou |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲟⲟⲩ eïhoou | ⲉⲕϩⲟⲟⲩ ekhoou | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ erehoou | ⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ efhoou | ⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ eshoou | ⲉⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ enhoou | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲟⲟⲩ etetn̄hoou | ⲉⲩϩⲟⲟⲩ euhoou | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲟⲟⲩ ere- hoou |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 304
* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 730