OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃
## Gothic
### Participle

𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 • (uslaubjands)
* present participle of 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (uslaubjan)

#### Declension

An/īn-stem, strong in m. nom. sg. :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃, 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 uslaubjands, uslaubjanda | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 uslaubjandei | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉 uslaubjandō |
| Accusative | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 uslaubjandan | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 uslaubjandein | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉 uslaubjandō |
| Genitive | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 uslaubjandins | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 uslaubjandeins | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 uslaubjandins |
| Dative | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 uslaubjandin | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 uslaubjandein | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 uslaubjandin |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 uslaubjandans | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 uslaubjandeins | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 uslaubjandōna |
| Accusative | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 uslaubjandans | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 uslaubjandeins | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 uslaubjandōna |
| Genitive | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 uslaubjandanē | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉 uslaubjandeinō | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 uslaubjandanē |
| Dative | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 uslaubjandam | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼 uslaubjandeim | 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 uslaubjandam |
# 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹
## Gothic
### Verb

𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹 • (uslaubei)
* second-person singular imperative of 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (uslaubjan)
# 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃
## Gothic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdiɡands/, [ˈdiɣands]

### Participle

𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 • (digands)
* present participle of 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (digan)

#### Declension

An/īn-stem, strong in m. nom. sg. :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃, 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 digands, diganda | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 digandei | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉 digandō |
| Accusative | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 digandan | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 digandein | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉 digandō |
| Genitive | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 digandins | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 digandeins | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 digandins |
| Dative | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 digandin | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 digandein | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 digandin |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 digandans | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 digandeins | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 digandōna |
| Accusative | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 digandans | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 digandeins | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 digandōna |
| Genitive | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 digandanē | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉 digandeinō | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 digandanē |
| Dative | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 digandam | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼 digandeim | 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 digandam |
# 𐎄𐎍𐎍
## Ugaritic
### Verb

𐎄𐎍𐎍 • (dll)
* to oppress, subjugate
# 𐎄𐎎
## Ugaritic
### Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *dam-. Compare Hebrew דָּם (dām), Arabic دَم (dam).

### Noun

𐎄𐎎 • (dm)
* blood
# 𐎄𐎊𐎐
## Ugaritic
### Verb

𐎄𐎊𐎐 • (dyn /dāna/) (class i).
* to judge
# 𐎀

| 𐎀 | U+10380, &#66432; UGARITIC LETTER ALPA |
* [unassigned: U+1037B–U+1037F]
| ← ◌𐍺 [U+1037A] | Ugaritic | 𐎁 → [U+10381] |

## Ugaritic
### Letter

𐎀 • (ả)
* A letter of the Ugaritic cuneiform script, that represents a glottal stop ʾ when followed by the vowels a, ā, or â.
# 𐎀𐎂𐎐
## Ugaritic
### Noun

𐎀𐎂𐎐 • (ảgn)
* cauldron, cooking pot
# 𐍃𐌻𐌴𐍀𐌹𐌸
## Gothic
### Verb

𐍃𐌻𐌴𐍀𐌹𐌸 • (slēpiþ)
* inflection of 𐍃𐌻𐌴𐍀𐌰𐌽 (slēpan):
** third-person singular present active indicative
** second-person plural present active indicative
** second-person plural imperative
# 𐍃𐌻𐍉𐌷
## Gothic
### Verb

𐍃𐌻𐍉𐌷 • (slōh)
* first/third-person singular past active indicative of 𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (slahan)
# 𐔱𐔼𐕀𐔰𐔾
## Aghwan
### Etymology

From 𐔱𐔼𐕀 (bix, “create”, verb) +‎ -𐔰𐔾 (-al, noun making suffix).

### Noun

𐔱𐔼𐕀𐔰𐔾 (bixal) (plural 𐔱𐔼𐕀𐔰𐔾𐔼𐕀)
* parent

### Further reading

* Gippert J., Schulze W., Aleksidze Z., Mahé J.-P., editors (2009), The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mount Sinai (Monumenta Palaeographica Medii Aevi: Series Ibero-Caucasica; 2), volume 1, Turnhout: Brepols, →ISBN, page II-22
# 𐬌

| 𐬌 | U+10B0C, &#68364; AVESTAN LETTER I |
| ← 𐬋 [U+10B0B] | Avestan | 𐬍 → [U+10B0D] |

## Avestan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i/

### Letter

𐬌 • (i)
* The thirteenth letter in the Avestan alphabet, transliterated as i
# 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹
## Gothic
### Noun

𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 • (garaideinai)
* dative singular of 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (garaideins)
# 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐍉𐌽
## Gothic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaˈrɛːdoːn/, [ɡaˈrɛːðoːn]

### Adjective

𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐍉𐌽 • (garaidōn)
* feminine accusative/dative singular weak of 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (garaiþs)
# 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃
## Gothic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *segaz. Cognates include German Sieg, Dutch zege, Old Norse sigr.

### Noun

𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃 • (sigis) n
* victory

#### Declension

Neuter a-stem :
| | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃 sigis | 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃𐌰 sigisa |
| Vocative | 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃 sigis | 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃𐌰 sigisa |
| Accusative | 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃 sigis | 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃𐌰 sigisa |
| Genitive | 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃𐌹𐍃 sigisis | 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃𐌴 sigisē |
| Dative | 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃𐌰 sigisa | 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌼 sigisam |

#### Derived terms

* 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽 (sigislaun, “prize, spoils”)
# 𐭢𐭥𐭦
## Middle Persian
### Etymology

From unattested Old Persian *angauza, probably ultimately from Old Iranian *gauza- (“nut”), with the preverb *han-, from Proto-Iranian *gauz- (“to hide, conceal”) (compare Sanskrit गूहति (gū́hati, “to cover, conceal”)), referring to the fact that the edible nut is enclosed in a green outer fruit wall. Compare the cognates listed at Old Armenian ընկոյզ (ənkoyz).

### Noun

𐭢𐭥𐭦 • (gwz /gawz/)
* walnut

#### Descendants

* Persian: گوز (gowz)
* → Arabic: جَوْز (jawz)
** → Azerbaijani: cövz, cövüz, cəviz
** → Baluchi: جئوز (jawz)
** → Ottoman Turkish: جوز (cevz)
*** Turkish: ceviz
** → Persian: جوز (jowz)
* → Azerbaijani: qoz

### References

* ↑ Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1982) Očerki po istorii leksiki pamirskix jazykov. Nazvanija kulʹturnyx rastenij [Essays on the history of Pamir languages. Names of cultivated plants] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 110—111
* ↑ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 117
# 𐭡𐭩𐭭
## Middle Persian
### Alternative forms

* 𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬭 (aṇdar) — Pazend spelling

### Etymology

From Old Persian 𐎠𐎫𐎼 (atar, “among, within”). Logogram from Aramaic 𐡁𐡉𐡍 (bēn)..

### Preposition

𐭡𐭩𐭭 • (BYN /andar/)
* in
* among

#### Descendants

* Persian: اندر (andar)
# 𐭡𐭩𐭥𐭧
## Middle Persian
### Alternative forms

* 𐫖𐫀𐫆 (mʾẖ) — Manichaean

### Etymology

From Old Persian 𐎶𐎠𐏃 (māha), from Proto-Iranian *mā́Hah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mā́Has, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”).
Logogram from Aramaic 𐡁 (b-) + 𐡉𐡓𐡇 (yraḥ, īraḥ).

### Noun

𐭡𐭩𐭥𐭧 • (BYRḤ /māh/) (Inscriptional Pahlavi, ideograph)
* moon
* month
* name of the 12th day in the Zoroastrian calendar

#### Descendants

* Classical Persian: مَاه (māh), مه (mah) (poetic)
** Iranian Persian: مَاه (mâh)
** Tajik: моҳ (moh)
** → Gujarati: માહ (māh)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: माह (māh)
    Urdu: مَاہ (māh)

### References

* ↑ Gignoux, Philippe (1972) Glossaire des Inscriptions Pehlevies et Parthes [Glossary of Pahlavi and Parthians Inscriptions] (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum. Supplementary Series; 1) (in French), London: Lund Humphries, page 21b
# 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢𐭠𐭭
## Middle Persian
### Alternative forms

* gwlgʾn (Book Pahlavi)
* 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭪𐭠𐭭 (gʿlkʾn)
* 𐭢𐭥 (GW), 𐭢𐭥𐭫 (GWL) (abbreviation)

### Etymology

From Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴 (v-r-k-a-n /⁠Varkāna⁠/), from Proto-Iranian [Term?] (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬁𐬥𐬀 (vəhrkāna) and Parthian 𐭅𐭓𐭊𐭍 (wrkn /⁠Wurgān⁠/)).
Equivalent to 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢 (gurg, “wolf”) + suffix.

### Proper noun

𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢𐭠𐭭 • (Gurgān)
* Gurgan, Gorgan (old city)
* satrapy of Gorgan, Hyrcania

#### Derived terms

* 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢𐭠𐭭𐭩𐭪𐭩 (Gurgānīg)

#### Related terms

* 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢 (gurg)

#### Descendants

* Ancient Greek: Γουργάν (Gourgán)
* Arabic: جُرْجَان (jurjān)
* Persian: گرگان (gorgân)

### References

* Muhammad Yusof Kiani (December 15, 2002), "GORGĀN iv. Archeology", Encyclopædia Iranica
# 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍉
## Gothic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sterǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *ster-. Compare Latin sterilis.

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ˈstɛ.roː/

### Noun

𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍉 • (stairō) f
* infertile woman

#### Declension

Feminine ōn-stem :
| | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍉 stairō | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌽𐍃 stairōns |
| Vocative | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍉 stairō | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌽𐍃 stairōns |
| Accusative | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌽 stairōn | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌽𐍃 stairōns |
| Genitive | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌽𐍃 stairōns | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌽𐍉 stairōnō |
| Dative | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌽 stairōn | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌼 stairōm |
# 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰
## Gothic
### Adjective

𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰 • (stammana)
* strong accusative masculine singular of 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌼𐍃 (stamms)
# 𗯝

| 𗯝 | U+17BDD, &#97245; TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-17BDD |
| ← 𗯜 [U+17BDC] | Tangut | 𗯞 → [U+17BDE] |

## Tangut
### Pronunciation

* (Li Fanwen 2008): *lhej²
* (Miyake 2019): *²lhe₁
* (Kychanov 2006): *lhei²

### Definitions

𗯝
* to translate
* the seventh of the ten heavenly stems

### See also

(Chinese heavenly stems) 𗛴 (*dẹj²), 𗼴 (*ljịj¹), 𘔁 (*bji¹), 𗸃 (*we¹), 𗍗 (*we²), 𗽬 (*tshjị¹), 𗯝 (*lhej²), 𘏡 (*khie̱j¹), 𗋌 (*nej²), 𘃠 (*du̱¹),
# 𒊟

| 𒊟 | U+1229F, &#74399; CUNEIFORM SIGN SAG TIMES SAL |
| ← 𒊞 [U+1229E] | Cuneiform | 𒊠 → [U+122A0] |

## Translingual
### Cuneiform sign

| 𒊟 | Sign Number |
| MZL | 199 |
| Deimel | 120 |
| HZL | — |
| Components ||
| 𒊕, 𒊩 ||

### References

* R. Borger, Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon (MZL), Münster (2003)
* A. Deimel, Šumerisches Lexikon (Deimel), Rome (1947)
* Chr. Rüster, E. Neu, Hethitisches Zeichenlexikon (HZL), Wiesbaden (1989)
# 𒊢

| 𒊢 | U+122A2, &#74402; CUNEIFORM SIGN SAG TIMES U2 |
| ← 𒊡 [U+122A1] | Cuneiform | 𒊣 → [U+122A3] |

## Translingual
### Cuneiform sign

| 𒊢 | Sign Number |
| MZL | 192 |
| Deimel | 121⁸ |
| HZL | — |
| Components ||
| 𒊕, 𒌑 ||

### References

* R. Borger, Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon (MZL), Münster (2003)
* A. Deimel, Šumerisches Lexikon (Deimel), Rome (1947)
* Chr. Rüster, E. Neu, Hethitisches Zeichenlexikon (HZL), Wiesbaden (1989)
# 𑀆𑀡𑀁𑀤
## Prakrit
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit आनन्द (ānandá). Cognate with Pali ānanda.

### Noun

𑀆𑀡𑀁𑀤 (āṇaṃda) m (Devanagari आणंद)
* happiness, joy, pleasure

#### Declension
### References

* Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “आणंद”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 109.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ānandá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 53
# 𐰋𐰃
## Old Turkic
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bẹye (“mare”). Cognate with Uzbek biya, Bashkir бейә (beyə), Yakut биэ (bie).

### Noun

𐰋𐰃 (bé)
* mare
** 9th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 5:𐰀𐰴:𐰋𐰃𐰾𐰃:𐰴𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰣𐰞𐰀𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣:𐱃𐰆𐰖𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰆𐰍:𐰑𐰍𐰺𐰞𐰴:𐰖𐰺𐰀𐰍𐰖āq:bési:qulunlamïš:altun:toyuɣluɣ:adɣïrlïq:yaragay...his white mare had just foaled, (he thought) it would fit to be a golden-hoofed stallion.

### References

* Tekin, Talât (1993) “bi”, in Irk Bitig: The Book of Omens, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 51
* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “bé:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 291
# 𑂙𑂰𑂍𑂎𑂰𑂢𑂰
## Magahi
### Etymology

𑂙𑂰𑂍 (ḍāk, “post”) +‎ 𑂎𑂰𑂢𑂰 (khānā, “house”)

### Noun

𑂙𑂰𑂍𑂎𑂰𑂢𑂰 (ḍākkhānā)
* post office
    Synonym: 𑂙𑂰𑂍𑂐𑂩 (ḍākghar)
* (slang) A strip of material (sometimes hiding zippers or buttons) at the front of a pair of trousers, pants, underpants, bootees; fly
# 𑂙𑂵𑂑𑂹𑂏𑂲
## Magahi
### Etymology

Compare Maithili 𑒛𑒱𑒓𑓂𑒑𑒰 (ḍiṅgā), Odia ଡଙ୍ଗା (ḍaṅgā).

### Noun

𑂙𑂵𑂑𑂹𑂏𑂲 (ḍeṅgī)
* boat
# 𑂙𑂰𑂍
## Magahi
### Noun

𑂙𑂰𑂍 (ḍāk)
* mail, post

#### Derived terms

* 𑂙𑂰𑂍𑂎𑂰𑂢𑂰 (ḍākkhānā)
* 𑂙𑂰𑂍𑂐𑂩 (ḍākghar)
# 𑂙𑂵𑂏
## Magahi
### Noun

𑂙𑂵𑂏 (ḍeg)
* footstep

### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ḍeg”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# 𐭯𐭠𐭥𐭮𐭩
## Middle Persian
### Proper noun

𐭯𐭠𐭥𐭮𐭩 • (Pārs)
* Alternative form of 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩 (pʾlsy /⁠Pārs⁠/, “Persia, Persis”)
** ŠKZ inscription, line 2:
    𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭥 𐭯𐭠𐭥𐭮𐭩 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥
** Paikuli inscription
# 𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭩𐭧
## Middle Persian
### Etymology

𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰 (pērōz, “victorious”) +‎ 𐭩𐭧 (-īh)

### Noun

𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭩𐭧 • (pērōzīh)
* victory

#### Descendants

* Persian: پیروزی (piruzi)
# 𒅈𒀸𒍣
## Hittite
### Etymology

From Proto-Anatolian *ʔérsti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁érsti, from the root *h₁ers-. Cognate with Luwian 𒀀𒅈𒅆𒅀𒀭𒁺 (a-ar-ši-ya-an-du, 3.pl.imp.act), Sanskrit अर्षति (árṣati, “to flow, pour”).

### Pronunciation

According to Kloekhorst, the plene spelling 𒀀𒅈𒀸𒍣 (a-ar-aš-zi) might not represent long initial /aː/, but rather serve to disambiguate from the zero-grade cluster /ʔr/-.

### Verb

𒅈𒀸𒍣 • (ar-aš-zi /ʔrst͡si, ʔarst͡si/) (third-person singular present active)
* to flow

#### Derived terms

* 𒅈𒅆𒄑𒍣 (ar-ši-ez-zi)

#### References

* Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “ārš-$^{zi}$ / arš-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 208–210
# 評說
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): píngshuō
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄕㄨㄛ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ping$^4$ syut$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phêng-soat
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: píngshuō
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄕㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: píngshuo
*** Wade–Giles: pʻing$^2$-shuo$^1$
*** Yale: píng-shwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyngshuo
*** Palladius: пиншо (pinšo)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ping$^4$ syut$^3$
*** Yale: pìhng syut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ping$^4$ syt$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ping$^4$ xud$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɪŋ²¹ syːt̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phêng-soat
*** Tâi-lô: phîng-suat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phengsoad
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² suat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² suat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiɪŋ¹³⁻²² suat̚³²/

### Verb

評說
* to comment; to evaluate

#### Related terms

* 論說／论说 (lùnshuō)
* 議論／议论 (yìlùn)
# वैतरणी
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ৱৈতৰণী (Assamese script)
* ᬯᬿᬢᬭᬡᬷ (Balinese script)
* বৈতরণী (Bengali script)
* 𑰪𑰹𑰝𑰨𑰜𑰱 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀯𑁃𑀢𑀭𑀡𑀻 (Brahmi script)
* ဝဲတရဏီ (Burmese script)
* વૈતરણી (Gujarati script)
* ਵੈਤਰਣੀ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌵𑍈𑌤𑌰𑌣𑍀 (Grantha script)
* ꦮꦻꦠꦫꦟꦷ (Javanese script)
* 𑂫𑂶𑂞𑂩𑂝𑂲 (Kaithi script)
* ವೈತರಣೀ (Kannada script)
* វៃតរណី (Khmer script)
* ໄວຕຣຓີ (Lao script)
* വൈതരണീ (Malayalam script)
* ᠸᠠᡳᢠᠠᡵᠠᢏᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
* 𑘪𑘺𑘝𑘨𑘜𑘲 (Modi script)
* ᠸᠧᠧᢐᠠᠷᠠᢏᠢᠢ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧊𑧛𑦽𑧈𑦼𑧓 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐰𑐿𑐟𑐬𑐞𑐷 (Newa script)
* ଵୈତରଣୀ (Odia script)
* ꢮꣀꢡꢬꢠꢷ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆮𑆽𑆠𑆫𑆟𑆵 (Sharada script)
* 𑖪𑖹𑖝𑖨𑖜𑖱 (Siddham script)
* වෛතරණී (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩾𑩗𑩫𑩼𑩪𑩑𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚦𑚳𑚙𑚤𑚘𑚯 (Takri script)
* வைதரணீ (Tamil script)
* వైతరణీ (Telugu script)
* ไวตรณี (Thai script)
* ཝཻ་ཏ་ར་ཎཱི (Tibetan script)
* 𑒫𑒻𑒞𑒩𑒝𑒲 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨭𑨇𑨙𑨫𑨘𑨁𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Vṛddhi derivative of वितरण (vitaraṇa) + -ई (-ī).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈʋɑj.t̪ɐ.ɾɐ.ɳiː/

### Proper noun

वैतरणी • (vaitaraṇī) stem, f
* (Hinduism) Vaitaraṇī, a river located in नरक (naraka)
# forþohton
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈforθˌoːx.ton/, [ˈforˠðˌoːx.ton]

### Verb

forþōhton
* plural preterite indicative of forþenċan
# llanast
## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈɬanasd/, [ ˈɬanast]
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈɬa(ː)nasd/, [ ˈɬa(ː)nast]
* Rhymes: -anasd

### Noun

llanast m (uncountable)
* Informal form of llanastr (“disorder, mess”).

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “llanastr”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# laña
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* lanha (reintegrationist)

### Etymology 1

Back-formation from lañar.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlaɲa̝/

#### Noun

laña f (plural lañas)
* skin crack
* gap, crack, fissure
    Synonyms: fenda, regaña
* the act of preparing fish for curing it, which implies opening and gutting
* rascal, scoundrel

##### Related terms

* lañar
* laño

#### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “laña”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “laña”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “laña”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

laña
* inflection of lañar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative
# diben
## Welsh
### Etymology

From di- +‎ pen (“head, end”).

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈdɪbɛn/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈdiːbɛn/, /ˈdɪbɛn/

### Noun

diben m (plural dibenion)
* purpose, aim
    Synonyms: amcan, bwriad

#### Derived terms

* anniben (“slow; messy”)

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “diben”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# lenlla
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* lenlha (reintegrationist)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlenʎa̝/

### Noun

lenlla f (plural lenllas)
* Alternative form of lella

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “lenlla”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “lenlla”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
# zapajęcyć
## Polish
### Etymology

From za- +‎ pająk (“spider”) +‎ -yć.

### Pronunciation

* (Masovia):
** (Near Masovian) IPA: /za.paˈjɛn.t͡sɘt͡ɕ/

### Verb

zapajęcyć pf
* (transitive, Near Masovian) Synonym of zagrodzić (“to fence”)

### Further reading

* Zygmunt Wasilewski (1889) “zapajęcyć”, in Jagodne: wieś w powiecie łukowskim, gminie Dąbie: zarys etnograficzny (in Polish), Warsaw: M. Arct, page 249
# babaylan
## English
### Noun

babaylan (plural babaylans)
* A Philippine shaman.

## Cebuano
### Etymology

From an initial reduplication of baylan, from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balian (“shaman”). Compare Malay belian. Possibly related to babaye.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ba‧bay‧lan
* IPA: /baˈbajlan/ [bɐˈbaɪ̯.l̪ɐn̪]

### Noun

babáylan (Badlit spelling ᜊᜊᜌ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔)
* (historical) in pre-colonial Cebu; a woman, sometimes an effeminate man, who functioned as a village priestess or medium

## Hiligaynon
### Noun

babáylan
* healer, shaman

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Cebuano babaylan, from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balian (“shaman”). Compare Ilocano baglan, Kapampangan mamalian, Hanunoo balyanan, Bikol Central balyan, Maranao waliyan, Malay belian, Central Dusun bobohizan, and Balinese ᬩᬮ᭄ᬬᬦ᭄ (balian).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /babajˈlan/ [bɐ.baɪ̯ˈlan̪]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: ba‧bay‧lan

### Noun

babaylán (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜊᜌ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔) (historical)
* shamaness; female shaman
    Synonyms: katalonan, katalona

#### See also

* albularyo

### Further reading

* “babaylan” at KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino‎, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2021
* “babaylan”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# mujaddara
## English
### Alternative forms

* mujadara
* moujadara
* mejadra, majadra
* megadarra (Egyptian Arabic-derived spelling)
* mudardara (Lebanese Arabic-derived spelling)

### Etymology

From Arabic مُجَدَّرَة (mujaddara, “pockmarks”), because the lentils scattered through the grains of rice resemble pockmarks.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /muˈd͡ʒɑdəɹə/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /muːˈd͡ʒædəɹə/

### Noun

mujaddara (uncountable)
* A traditional Middle Eastern dish of cooked lentils and rice
# מג׳דרה
## Hebrew
### Noun

מְגָ׳דָרָה • (mejádara) f
* mujaddara (a traditional Middle Eastern dish of cooked lentils and rice)
# contrário
## Galician
### Adjective

contrário (feminine contrária, masculine plural contrários, feminine plural contrárias, reintegrationist norm)
* reintegrationist spelling of contrario

### Noun

contrário m (plural contrários)
* reintegrationist spelling of contrario

### Further reading

* “contrário” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin contrārius.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kõˈtɾa.ɾi.u/ [kõˈtɾa.ɾɪ.u], (faster pronunciation) /kõˈtɾa.ɾju/
* (Brazil) IPA: /kõˈtɾa.ɾi.u/ [kõˈtɾa.ɾɪ.u], (faster pronunciation) /kõˈtɾa.ɾju/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /kõˈtɾa.ɾi.o/ [kõˈtɾa.ɾɪ.o], (faster pronunciation) /kõˈtɾa.ɾjo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kõˈtɾa.ɾju/
* Hyphenation: con‧trá‧ri‧o

### Adjective

contrário (feminine contrária, masculine plural contrários, feminine plural contrárias)
* contrary, opposite
* opposed, against

### Further reading

* “contrário”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2024
* “contrário”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2024
* “contrário” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “contrário”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
* “contrário”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
* “contrário”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
# legal gaps
## English
### Noun

legal gaps
* plural of legal gap
# finger lake
## English
### Noun

finger lake (plural finger lakes)
* A long, narrow lake of glacial origin, especially one of the Finger Lakes of New York state.
    Synonyms: fjord lake, trough lake
** 1966, Geological Survey Special Report, numbers 43-48, page 4:These sediments represent a finger lake that was formed by blockage of the mouth of the stream-cut valley, […]

### Further reading

* finger lake on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# Harperley
## English
### Proper noun

Harperley
* A hamlet in Stanley parish, County Durham, England (OS grid ref NZ1753).
* A locality in Wolsingham parish, County Durham (OS grid ref NZ1234).
# potissimus
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* potissumus

### Etymology

Superlative of potis.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /poˈtis.si.mus/, [pɔˈt̪ɪs̠ːɪmʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /poˈtis.si.mus/, [poˈt̪isːimus]

### Adjective

potissimus (feminine potissima, neuter potissimum, adverb potissimum or potissimē); first/second-declension adjective
* Superlative degree of potis: chief, principal, most prominent, most important

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### References

* potissimus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “potis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* potis in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung
# trefniad
## Welsh
### Alternative forms

trefnad

### Etymology

trefnu (“to arrange, to ordain”) +‎ -iad.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtrɛvnjad/

### Noun

trefniad m or f (plural trefniadau)
* arrangement, organization
    Synonyms: trefniant, trefniadaeth, dosbarthiad
* agreement, understanding, settlement
    Synonyms: cytundeb, dealltwriaeth
* (often plural) plans, preparations, procedure
    Synonyms: cynlluniau, paratoadau, manylion
* provision, ordinance
    Synonyms: ordeiniad, darpariaeth
* management, governance
    Synonyms: rheolaeth, llywodraethiad, llywiad
* system
    Synonyms: cyfundrefn, system
* (theology) predestination, providence
    Synonyms: rhagarfaeth, rhagluniaeth

#### Derived terms

* trefniad amser (“appointment (to see someone)”)

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “trefniad”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “trefniad”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies