# ϣⲁⲓ
## Coptic
### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* ϣⲁⲉ (šae), ϣⲁ (ša) — Sahidic
* ϣⲉⲉⲓ (šeei), ϣⲉⲓ (šei) — Fayyumic
* ϣⲁⲓⲉ (šaie) — Lycopolitan
* ⳉⲁⲉ (xae) — Akhmimic

#### Verb

ϣⲁⲓ • (šai)
* (Bohairic) to rise (of celestial bodies)

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ šai | imperative | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ šai |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ štemšai | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϣⲁⲓ m̀peršai |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϣⲁⲓ tišai | ⲕϣⲁⲓ kšai | ⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ tešai | ϥϣⲁⲓ fšai | ⲥϣⲁⲓ sšai | ⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ tenšai | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ tetenšai | ⲥⲉϣⲁⲓ sešai | ϣⲁⲓ šai |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲓ eišai | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ ekšai | ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ erešai | ⲉϥϣⲁⲓ efšai | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ esšai | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ enšai | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ eretenšai | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲓ eušai | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ ere- šai |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϣⲁⲓ etišai | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ etekšai | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ etešai | ⲉⲧⲉϥϣⲁⲓ etefšai | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ etesšai | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ etenšai | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ etetenšai | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ etoušai | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ ete- šai |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ naišai | ⲛⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ nakšai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ narešai | ⲛⲁϥϣⲁⲓ nafšai | ⲛⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ nasšai | ⲛⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ nanšai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ naretenšai | ⲛⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ naušai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ nare- šai |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ aišai | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ akšai | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ arešai | ⲁϥϣⲁⲓ afšai | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ asšai | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ anšai | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ aretenšai | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ aušai | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ are- šai |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ tinašai | ⲭⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ khnašai | ⲧⲉⲣⲁϣⲁⲓ terašai | ϥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ fnašai | ⲥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ snašai | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ tennašai | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ tetennašai | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ senašai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ našai |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ einašai | ⲉⲭⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ ekhnašai | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ erenašai | ⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ efnašai | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ esnašai | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ ennašai | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ eretennašai | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ eunašai | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ ere- našai |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etinašai | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etekhnašai | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etenašai | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etefnašai | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etesnašai | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etennašai | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etetennašai | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etounašai | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ ete- našai |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ nainašai | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ nakhnašai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ narenašai | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ nafnašai | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ nasnašai | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ nannašai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ naretennašai | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ naunašai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ nare- našai |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ ainašai | ⲁⲭⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ akhnašai | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ arenašai | ⲁϥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ afnašai | ⲁⲥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ asnašai | ⲁⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ annašai | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ aretennašai | ⲁⲩⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ aunašai | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ are- našai |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ aišai | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ akšai | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ arešai | ⲁϥϣⲁⲓ afšai | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ asšai | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ anšai | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ atetenšai | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ aušai | ⲁ- ϣⲁⲓ a- šai |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲁⲓ m̀pišai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ m̀pekšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲁⲓ m̀pešai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲁⲓ m̀pefšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ m̀pesšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ m̀penšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ m̀petenšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ m̀poušai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ m̀pe- šai |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ eaišai | ⲉⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ eakšai | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ earešai | ⲉⲁϥϣⲁⲓ eafšai | ⲉⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ easšai | ⲉⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ eanšai | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ eatetenšai | ⲉⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ eaušai | ⲉⲁ- ϣⲁⲓ ea- šai |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲁⲓ em̀pišai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ em̀pekšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲁⲓ em̀pešai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲁⲓ em̀pefšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ em̀pesšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ em̀penšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ em̀petenšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ em̀poušai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ em̀pe- šai |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ etaišai | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ etakšai | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ etarešai | ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲁⲓ etafšai | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ etasšai | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ etanšai | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ etaretenšai | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ etaušai | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϣⲁⲓ eta- šai |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲁⲓ etm̀pišai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ etm̀pekšai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲁⲓ etm̀pešai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲁⲓ etm̀pefšai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ etm̀pesšai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ etm̀penšai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ etm̀petenšai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ etm̀poušai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ etm̀pe- šai |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ neaišai | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ neakšai | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ nearešai | ⲛⲉⲁϥϣⲁⲓ neafšai | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ neasšai | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ neanšai | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ neatetenšai | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ neaušai | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϣⲁⲓ nea- šai |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲁⲓ nem̀pišai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ nem̀pekšai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲁⲓ nem̀pešai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲁⲓ nem̀pefšai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ nem̀pesšai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ nem̀penšai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ nem̀petenšai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ nem̀poušai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ nem̀pe- šai |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ etaišai | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ etakšai | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ etarešai | ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲁⲓ etafšai | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ etasšai | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ etanšai | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ etaretenšai | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ etaušai | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϣⲁⲓ eta- šai |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲁⲓ m̀patišai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ m̀patekšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ m̀patešai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲁⲓ m̀patefšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ m̀patesšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ m̀patenšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ m̀patetenšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ m̀patoušai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ m̀pate- šai |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲁⲓ em̀patišai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ em̀patekšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ em̀patešai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲁⲓ em̀patefšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ em̀patesšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ em̀patenšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ em̀patetenšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ em̀patoušai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ em̀pate- šai |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲁⲓ etm̀patišai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ etm̀patekšai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ etm̀patešai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲁⲓ etm̀patefšai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ etm̀patesšai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ etm̀patenšai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ etm̀patetenšai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ etm̀patoušai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ etm̀pate- šai |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲁⲓ nam̀patišai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ nam̀patekšai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ nam̀patešai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲁⲓ nam̀patefšai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ nam̀patesšai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ nam̀patenšai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ nam̀patetenšai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ nam̀patoušai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ nam̀pate- šai |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ šaišai | ϣⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ šakšai | ϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ šarešai | ϣⲁϥϣⲁⲓ šafšai | ϣⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ šasšai | ϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ šanšai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ šatetenšai | ϣⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ šaušai | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ šare- šai |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ m̀paišai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ m̀pakšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ m̀parešai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲁⲓ m̀pafšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ m̀pasšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ m̀panšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ m̀paretenšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ m̀paušai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ m̀pare- šai |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ ešaišai | ⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ ešakšai | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ ešarešai | ⲉϣⲁϥϣⲁⲓ ešafšai | ⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ ešasšai | ⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ ešanšai | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ ešatetenšai | ⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ ešaušai | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ ešare- šai |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ em̀paišai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ em̀pakšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ em̀parešai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲁⲓ em̀pafšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ em̀pasšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ em̀panšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ em̀paretenšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ em̀paušai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ em̀pare- šai |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ etšaišai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ etšakšai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ etšarešai | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥϣⲁⲓ etšafšai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ etšasšai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ etšanšai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ etšatetenšai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ etšaušai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ etšare- šai |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ etm̀paišai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ etm̀pakšai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ etm̀parešai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲁⲓ etm̀pafšai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ etm̀pasšai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ etm̀panšai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ etm̀paretenšai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ etm̀paušai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ etm̀pare- šai |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ našaišai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ našakšai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ našarešai | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥϣⲁⲓ našafšai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ našasšai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ našanšai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ našatetenšai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ našaušai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ našare- šai |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ nam̀paišai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ nam̀pakšai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ nam̀parešai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲁⲓ nam̀pafšai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ nam̀pasšai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ nam̀panšai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ nam̀paretenšai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ nam̀paušai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ nam̀pare- šai |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ em̀paišai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ em̀pakšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ em̀parešai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲁⲓ em̀pafšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ em̀pasšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ em̀panšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ em̀paretenšai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ em̀paušai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ em̀pare- šai |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϣⲁⲓ eiešai | ⲉⲕⲉϣⲁⲓ ekešai | ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ erešai | ⲉϥⲉϣⲁⲓ efešai | ⲉⲥⲉϣⲁⲓ esešai | ⲉⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ enešai | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ eretenešai | ⲉⲩⲉϣⲁⲓ euešai | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ ere- šai |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ ǹnašai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ ǹnekšai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ ǹnešai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϣⲁⲓ ǹnefšai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ ǹnesšai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ ǹnenšai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ ǹnetenšai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ ǹnoušai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ ǹne- šai |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϣⲁⲓ marišai | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲁⲓ marefšai | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ maresšai | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ marenšai | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ maroušai | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ mare- šai |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϣⲁⲓ m̀penthrišai | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϣⲁⲓ m̀penthrefšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ m̀penthresšai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ m̀penthrenšai | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩϣⲁⲓ m̀penthreušai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ m̀penthre- šai |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁϣⲁⲓ ǹtašai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ ǹtekšai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ ǹtešai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϣⲁⲓ ǹtefšai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ ǹtesšai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ ǹtenšai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ ǹtetenšai | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉϣⲁⲓ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ ǹsešai, ǹtoušai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ ǹte- šai |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϣⲁⲓ tarišai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ tarekšai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ tarešai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲁⲓ tarefšai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ taresšai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ tarenšai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ taretenšai | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ taroušai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ tare- šai |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯϣⲁⲓ šatišai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ šatekšai | ϣⲁⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ šatešai | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲁⲓ šatefšai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ šatesšai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ šatenšai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ šatetenšai | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ šatoušai | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ šate- šai |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ aišanšai | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ akšanšai | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ arešanšai | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ afšanšai | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ asšanšai | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ anšanšai | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ aretenšanšai | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ aušanšai | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϣⲁⲓ arešan- šai |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ aišai | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ akšai | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ arešai | ⲁϥϣⲁⲓ afšai | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ asšai | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ anšai | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ aretenšai | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ aušai | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲁⲓ are- šai |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

##### Derived terms

* ⲙⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ (manšai)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ϣⲁⲓ • (šai) m
* (Bohairic) feast

### Etymology 3
#### Alternative forms

* ϣⲉ (še) — Sahidic, Fayyumic, Akhmimic
* ϣⲁ (ša), ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ (šantf) — Sahidic
* ϣⲉⲉ (šee) — Fayyumic, Akhmimic

#### Noun

ϣⲁⲓ • (šai) m
* (Bohairic) nose

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

ϣⲁⲓ • (šai) m
* šai; the name for the letter Ϣ, ϣ in the Coptic language.

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 234
* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 542