# 鴛

| 鴛 | U+9D1B, &#40219; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9D1B |
| ← 鴚 [U+9D1A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鴜 → [U+9D1C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鴛 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+5, 16 strokes, cangjie input 弓山竹日火 (NUHAF), four-corner 2732$_7$, composition ⿱夗鳥)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1485, character 28
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46795
* Dae Jaweon: page 2017, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4625, character 10
* Unihan data for U+9D1B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 涴 | *qoːls, *qoːn, *qonʔ |
| 埦 | *qoːn |
| 豌 | *qoːn |
| 剜 | *qoːn |
| 眢 | *qoːn, *qon |
| 蜿 | *qoːn, *qon, *qonʔ |
| 帵 | *qoːn |
| 碗 | *qoːnʔ |
| 椀 | *qoːnʔ |
| 盌 | *qoːnʔ |
| 腕 | *qoːns |
| 惋 | *qoːns |
| 捥 | *qoːns |
| 睕 | *qoːns, *qonʔ, *qoːd |
| 琬 | *qoːns, *qonʔ |
| 鴛 | *quːn, *qon |
| 鵷 | *qon |
| 惌 | *qon, *qonʔ |
| 宛 | *qon, *qonʔ |
| 怨 | *qon, *qons |
| 葾 | *qon |
| 夗 | *qonʔ |
| 婉 | *qonʔ |
| 菀 | *qonʔ, *qud |
| 苑 | *qonʔ, *qons |
| 踠 | *qonʔ |
| 畹 | *qonʔ, *qons |
| 倇 | *qonʔ |
| 晼 | *qonʔ |
| 黦 | *qod, *qod, *qud |
| 焥 | *qoːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːn, *qon) : phonetic 夗 (OC *qonʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

### Etymology

Starostin reconstructs Old Chinese *ʔʷar, which he compares to Tibetan སྐྱར་པོ (skyar po, “snipe; woodcock”); both are from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ɣʷăr.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuān (yuan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^1$ / jin$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yên / yân
* Eastern Min (BUC): uŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): eng$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): oan
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ioe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuān
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuan
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^1$
*** Yale: ywān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iuan
*** Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^1$ / jin$^1$
*** Yale: yūn / yīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^1$ / jin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^1$ / yin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn⁵⁵/, /jiːn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yên
*** Hakka Romanization System: ien$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯en²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yân
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: uŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /uoŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: eng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɛŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan
*** Tâi-lô: uan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oafn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /uan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uan³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /uan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ioe
*** MiniDict: ioe$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$yoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /yø⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: 'jwon, 'won
Rime :
| Character | 鴛 | 鴛 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 於袁切 | 烏渾切 |
| Baxter | 'jwon | 'won |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔʉɐn/ | /ʔuən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔʷiɐn/ | /ʔuon/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuɐn/ | /ʔuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔuan/ | /ʔwən/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuɐn/ | /ʔuən/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭwɐn/ | /uən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔi̯wɐn/ | /ʔuən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuān | wēn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^1$ | wan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*quːn/, /*qon/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鴛 | 鴛 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 16280 | 16288 |
| Phonetic component | 夗 | 夗 |
| Rime group | 文 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𥁕 | 鴛 |
| Old Chinese | /*quːn/ | /*qon/ |

### Definitions

鴛
* male mandarin duck (when used in 鴛鴦／鸳鸯 (yuānyāng))
* Alternative form of 鵷／鹓 (yuān)

### Compounds

* 亂點鴛鴦／乱点鸳鸯
* 同命鴛鴦／同命鸳鸯
* 被底鴛鴦／被底鸳鸯
* 野鴛鴦／野鸳鸯
* 鴛侶／鸳侣 (yuānlǚ)
* 鴛儔鳳侶／鸳俦凤侣
* 鴛行／鸳行
* 鴛衾／鸳衾
* 鴛鴦／鸳鸯 (yuānyāng)
* 鴛鴦客／鸳鸯客
* 鴛鴦房／鸳鸯房
* 鴛鴦折頸／鸳鸯折颈
* 鴛鴦樓／鸳鸯楼
* 鴛鴦湖／鸳鸯湖
* 鴛鴦燈／鸳鸯灯
* 鴛鴦瓦／鸳鸯瓦
* 鴛鴦被／鸳鸯被
* 鴛鷺／鸳鹭
* 鴛鸞／鸳鸾

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “鸳”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 293.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: おん (on)
* Kan-on: えん (en)、おん (on)
* Kun: おしどり (oshidori)

## Korean
### Hanja

鴛 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鴛: Hán Nôm readings: uyên, oan
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.