# ⲥⲱϩⲣ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲥⲱⲣϩ (sōrh) — Bohairic
* ⲥⲱϩⲣⲉ (sōhre) — Lycopolitan
* ⲥⲉϩⲗ⸗ (sehl⸗) — Fayyumic

### Verb

ⲥⲱϩⲣ • (sōhr) (nominal state ⲥⲉϩⲣ-, pronominal state ⲥⲁϩⲣ⸗ or ⲥⲟϩⲣ⸗, stative ⲥⲁϩⲣ)
* (Sahidic) to sweep

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲥⲱϩⲣ sōhr | imperative | affirmative | ⲥⲱϩⲣ sōhr |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ tm̄sōhr | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pr̄sōhr |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲥⲱϩⲣ tisōhr | ⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ ksōhr | ⲧⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ tesōhr | ϥⲥⲱϩⲣ fsōhr | ⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ ssōhr | ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ tn̄sōhr | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ tetn̄sōhr | ⲥⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ sesōhr | ⲥⲱϩⲣ sōhr |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ eïsōhr | ⲉⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ eksōhr | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ eresōhr | ⲉϥⲥⲱϩⲣ efsōhr | ⲉⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ essōhr | ⲉⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ ensōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etetn̄sōhr | ⲉⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ eusōhr | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ ere- sōhr |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲥⲱϩⲣ etisōhr | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etk̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ etesōhr, eteresōhr | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etf̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ ets̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etn̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etetn̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ etousōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ etere- sōhr |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ neïsōhr | ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ neksōhr | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ neresōhr | ⲛⲉϥⲥⲱϩⲣ nefsōhr | ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ nessōhr | ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ nensōhr | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ netetn̄sōhr | ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ neusōhr | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ nere- sōhr |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ tinasōhr | ⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ knasōhr | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ tenasōhr | ϥⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ fnasōhr | ⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ snasōhr | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ tn̄nasōhr | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ tetnasōhr | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ senasōhr | ⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ nasōhr |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ eïnasōhr | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ eknasōhr | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ erenasōhr | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ efnasōhr | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ esnasōhr | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ ennasōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ etetnasōhr | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ eunasōhr | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ ere- nasōhr |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ etinasōhr | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ etk̄nasōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ etenasōhr, eterenasōhr | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ etf̄nasōhr | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ ets̄nasōhr | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ etn̄nasōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ etetnasōhr | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ etounasōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ etere- nasōhr |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ neïnasōhr | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ neknasōhr | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ nerenasōhr | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ nefnasōhr | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ nesnasōhr | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ nennasōhr | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ netetnasōhr | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ neunasōhr | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ nere- nasōhr |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ aïsōhr | ⲁⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ aksōhr | ⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲁⲣⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ asōhr, arsōhr, aresōhr | ⲁϥⲥⲱϩⲣ afsōhr | ⲁⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ assōhr | ⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ ansōhr | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ atetn̄sōhr | ⲁⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ ausōhr | ⲁ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ a- sōhr |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pisōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pk̄sōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pesōhr, m̄pr̄sōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pf̄sōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄ps̄sōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pn̄sōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄petn̄sōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pousōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pe- sōhr |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ eaïsōhr | ⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ eaksōhr | ⲉⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉⲁⲣⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ easōhr, earsōhr, earesōhr | ⲉⲁϥⲥⲱϩⲣ eafsōhr | ⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ eassōhr | ⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ eansōhr | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ eatetn̄sōhr | ⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ eausōhr | ⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ ea- sōhr |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄pisōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄pk̄sōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄pesōhr, em̄pr̄sōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄pf̄sōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄ps̄sōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄pn̄sōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄petn̄sōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄pousōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄pe- sōhr |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ entaïsōhr, n̄taïsōhr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ entaksōhr, n̄taksōhr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ entasōhr, n̄tasōhr, entarsōhr, n̄tarsōhr, entaresōhr, n̄taresōhr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥⲱϩⲣ entafsōhr, n̄tafsōhr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ entassōhr, n̄tassōhr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ entansōhr, n̄tansōhr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ entatetn̄sōhr, n̄tatetn̄sōhr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ entausōhr, n̄tausōhr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ enta- sōhr, n̄ta- sōhr |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄pisōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄pk̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄pesōhr, etem̄pr̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄pf̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄ps̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄pn̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄petn̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄pousōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄pe- sōhr |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ neaïsōhr | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ neaksōhr | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ neasōhr, nearsōhr, nearesōhr | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥⲱϩⲣ neafsōhr | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ neassōhr | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ neansōhr | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ neatetn̄sōhr | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ neausōhr | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ nea- sōhr |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄pisōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄pk̄sōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄pesōhr, nem̄pr̄sōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄pf̄sōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄ps̄sōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄pn̄sōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄petn̄sōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄pousōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄pe- sōhr |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄taïsōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄taksōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄tasōhr, n̄tarsōhr, n̄taresōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄tafsōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄tassōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄tansōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄tatetn̄sōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄tausōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄ta- sōhr |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄patisōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄patk̄sōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄patesōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄patf̄sōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pats̄sōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄patn̄sōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄patetn̄sōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄patousōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pate- sōhr |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄patisōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄patk̄sōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄patesōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄patf̄sōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄pats̄sōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄patn̄sōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄patetn̄sōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄patousōhr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ em̄pate- sōhr |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄patisōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄patk̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄patesōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄patf̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄pats̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄patn̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄patetn̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄patousōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ etem̄pate- sōhr |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄patisōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄patk̄sōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄patesōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄patf̄sōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄pats̄sōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄patn̄sōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄patetn̄sōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄patousōhr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ nem̄pate- sōhr |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ šaïsōhr | ϣⲁⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ šaksōhr | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ šaresōhr | ϣⲁϥⲥⲱϩⲣ šafsōhr | ϣⲁⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ šassōhr | ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ šansōhr | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ šatetn̄sōhr | ϣⲁⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ šausōhr | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ šare- sōhr |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ meïsōhr | ⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ meksōhr | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ meresōhr | ⲙⲉϥⲥⲱϩⲣ mefsōhr | ⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ messōhr | ⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ mensōhr | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ metetn̄sōhr | ⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ meusōhr | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ mere- sōhr |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ ešaïsōhr | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ ešaksōhr | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ ešaresōhr | ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱϩⲣ ešafsōhr | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ ešassōhr | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ ešansōhr | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ ešatetn̄sōhr | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ ešausōhr | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ ešare- sōhr |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ emeïsōhr | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ emeksōhr | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ emeresōhr | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱϩⲣ emefsōhr | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ emessōhr | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ emensōhr | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ emetetn̄sōhr | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ emeusōhr | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ emere- sōhr |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ etešaïsōhr, ešaïsōhr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ etešaksōhr, ešaksōhr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ etešaresōhr, ešaresōhr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱϩⲣ etešafsōhr, ešafsōhr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ etešassōhr, ešassōhr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ etešansōhr, ešansōhr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etešatetn̄sōhr, ešatetn̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ etešausōhr, ešausōhr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ etešare- sōhr, ešare- sōhr |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ etemeïsōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ etemeksōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ etemeresōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱϩⲣ etemefsōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ etemessōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ etemensōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etemetetn̄sōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ etemeusōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ etemere- sōhr |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ nešaïsōhr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ nešaksōhr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ nešaresōhr | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱϩⲣ nešafsōhr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ nešassōhr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ nešansōhr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ nešatetn̄sōhr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ nešausōhr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ nešare- sōhr |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ nemeïsōhr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ nemeksōhr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ nemeresōhr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱϩⲣ nemefsōhr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ nemessōhr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ nemensōhr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ nemetetn̄sōhr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ nemeusōhr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ nemere- sōhr |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ emeïsōhr | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ emeksōhr | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ emeresōhr | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱϩⲣ emefsōhr | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ emessōhr | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ emensōhr | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ emetetn̄sōhr | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ emeusōhr | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ emere- sōhr |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ eïesōhr | ⲉⲕⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ ekesōhr | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ eresōhr | ⲉϥⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ efesōhr | ⲉⲥⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ esesōhr | ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ enesōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ etetnesōhr | ⲉⲩⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ euesōhr | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ ere- sōhr |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄nasōhr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄neksōhr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄nesōhr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄nefsōhr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄nessōhr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄nensōhr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄netn̄sōhr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄neusōhr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄ne- sōhr |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱϩⲣ marisōhr | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱϩⲣ marefsōhr | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ maressōhr | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ marn̄sōhr | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ marousōhr | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ mare- sōhr |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pr̄trasōhr | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pr̄trefsōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pr̄tressōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pr̄trensōhr | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pr̄treusōhr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ m̄pr̄tre- sōhr |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲧⲁⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄tasōhr, tasōhr | ⲛ̄ⲅⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄gsōhr, n̄ksōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄tesōhr | ⲛ̄ϥⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄fsōhr | ⲛ̄ⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄ssōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄tn̄sōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄tetn̄sōhr | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄sesōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄te- sōhr |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱϩⲣ tarisōhr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ tareksōhr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ taresōhr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱϩⲣ tarefsōhr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ taressōhr | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ tarn̄sōhr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ taretn̄sōhr | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ tarousōhr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ tare- sōhr |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄terisōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄tereksōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄teresōhr, n̄terersōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄terefsōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄teressōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄tern̄sōhr, n̄terensōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄teretn̄sōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄terousōhr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ n̄tere- sōhr |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲥⲱϩⲣ šantisōhr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ šantk̄sōhr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ šantesōhr | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ šantf̄sōhr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ šants̄sōhr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ šantn̄sōhr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ šantetn̄sōhr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ šantousōhr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ šante- sōhr |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ eïšansōhr | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ ekšansōhr | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ eršansōhr, erešansōhr | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ efšansōhr | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ esšansōhr | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ enšansōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ etetn̄šansōhr | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ eušansōhr | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ eršan- sōhr |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱϩⲣ eïsōhr | ⲉⲕⲥⲱϩⲣ eksōhr | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϩⲣ eresōhr | ⲉϥⲥⲱϩⲣ efsōhr | ⲉⲥⲥⲱϩⲣ essōhr | ⲉⲛⲥⲱϩⲣ ensōhr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱϩⲣ etetn̄sōhr | ⲉⲩⲥⲱϩⲣ eusōhr | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱϩⲣ ere- sōhr |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 386
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 175