# 孩

| 孩 | U+5B69, &#23401; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B69 |
| ← 孨 [U+5B68] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 孪 → [U+5B6A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

孩 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓木卜女人 (NDYVO), four-corner 1048$_2$, composition ⿰子亥)

#### Derived characters

* 𫫂, 𢱙

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 279, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6977
* Dae Jaweon: page 548, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1015, character 11
* Unihan data for U+5B69

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 該 | *kɯː |
| 垓 | *kɯː |
| 賅 | *kɯː |
| 陔 | *kɯː |
| 豥 | *kɯː, *ɡɯː |
| 荄 | *kɯː, *krɯː |
| 郂 | *kɯː |
| 姟 | *kɯː |
| 絯 | *kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ |
| 晐 | *kɯː |
| 峐 | *kɯː |
| 侅 | *kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ |
| 胲 | *kɯː |
| 頦 | *kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː |
| 奒 | *kʰɯː |
| 輆 | *kʰɯːʔ |
| 欬 | *kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds |
| 硋 | *ŋɡɯːɡs |
| 閡 | *ŋɡɯːɡs |
| 咳 | *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː |
| 孩 | *ɡɯː |
| 亥 | *ɡɯːʔ |
| 劾 | *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ |
| 痎 | *krɯː |
| 烗 | *kʰrɯːɡs |
| 骸 | *ɡrɯː |
| 駭 | *ɡrɯːʔ |
| 刻 | *kʰɯːɡ |
| 餩 | *qɯːɡ |
| 核 | *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯː) : semantic 子 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ).

### Etymology

Smith (2011) groups this word along with these items into a word family meaning “root, germ, generative core”:
* 荄 (OC *kɯː, “grassroot”), and its derivative 根 (OC *kɯːn, “root”),
* 核 (OC *ɡrɯːɡ, “germ, kernel”),
* 骸 (OC *ɡrɯː, “(human) bones”),
* 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ, “sprouting stage”), i.e. "the moon’s first appearance" > "twelfth earthly branch".
He suggests a derivation from 荄 (OC *kɯː) by voicing, glossing 孩 as “to sprout”; the derivation is not explained any further. However, this sense does not seem to be attested.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hái (hai$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haai$^4$ / hoi$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hài
    (Hailu, HRS): hai
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hai$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): hǎi
* Eastern Min (BUC): hài
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hâi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hai$^6$ / hai$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ghe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hái
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hái
*** Wade–Giles: hai$^2$
*** Yale: hái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hair
*** Palladius: хай (xaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /xaɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haai$^4$ / hoi$^4$
*** Yale: hàaih / hòih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haai$^4$ / hoi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hai$^4$ / hoi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːi̯²¹/, /hɔːi̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hài
*** Hakka Romanization System: hai$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /hai̯¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hai
*** Sinological IPA: /hai⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /haɪ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hǎi
*** Sinological IPA : /xai²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hài
*** Sinological IPA : /hai⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâi
*** Tâi-lô: hâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: haai
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hai²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hai²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hai¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hai²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hai$^6$ / hai$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hăi / hâi
*** Sinological IPA : /hai³⁵/, /hai⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ghe
*** MiniDict: ghe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦe²³/
* Middle Chinese: hoj
Rime :
| Character | 孩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 戸來切 |
| Baxter | hoj |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦəi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəj/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣᴀi/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɒi/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hái |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hoi$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 孩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hái |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hoj › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁə/ |
| English | child |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 孩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4824 |
| Phonetic component | 亥 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 孩 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡɯː/ |

### Definitions

孩
* child; youngster; baby
    男孩兒／男孩儿 ― nánháir ― boy
* (literary) young and small; childish
* (literary) to have tender affection for
* (literary) to regard as a child
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 咳 (hái, “(of baby) to giggle; to laugh”)
* a surname

### Compounds

* 下次孩兒／下次孩儿
* 不胎孩
* 乳孩兒／乳孩儿
* 倒繃孩兒／倒绷孩儿
* 傻孩子
* 兒孩／儿孩
* 兒孩兒／儿孩儿
* 八十孩兒／八十孩儿
* 則劇孩兒／则剧孩儿
* 台孩
* 呆打孩
* 呆答孩
* 女孩 (nǚhái)
* 女孩兒／女孩儿 (nǚháir)
* 女孩子 (nǚháizi)
* 始孩
* 嬰孩／婴孩 (yīnghái)
* 孤孩
* 孩中顏／孩中颜
* 孩乳
* 孩兒／孩儿
* 孩兒參／孩儿参 (hái'érshēn)
* 孩兒茶／孩儿茶 (hái'érchá)
* 孩兒菊／孩儿菊
* 孩兒面／孩儿面
* 孩名
* 孩咍
* 孩嬰／孩婴
* 孩子 (háizi)
* 孩子家
* 孩子氣／孩子气 (háiziqì)
* 孩子王 (háiziwáng)
* 孩子話／孩子话
* 孩子頭／孩子头 (háizitóu)
* 孩孺
* 孩幼
* 孩弄
* 孩抱
* 孩提 (háití)
* 孩氣／孩气
* 孩稚
* 孩童 (háitóng)
* 孩笑
* 孩虎
* 孩蟲／孩虫
* 孩赤
* 孾孩／𪧀孩
* 害孩子
* 家生孩兒／家生孩儿
* 家生孩子
* 小孩 (xiǎohái)
* 小孩子 (xiǎoháizi)
* 小孩子家 (xiǎoháizijiā)
* 帶孩子／带孩子 (dài háizi)
* 弟子孩兒／弟子孩儿
* 悶打孩／闷打孩
* 悶答孩／闷答孩
* 打孩歌
* 提孩
* 摩孩羅／摩孩罗
* 桃孩
* 棄孩／弃孩
* 毛孩 (máohái)
* 毛孩子 (máoháizi)
* 泥孩
* 泥孩兒／泥孩儿
* 生孩
* 男孩 (nánhái)
* 男孩兒／男孩儿 (nánháir)
* 男孩子 (nánháizi)
* 皮孩子
* 私孩子 (sīháizi)
* 童孩
* 答孩
* 紅孩兒／红孩儿
* 耍孩兒／耍孩儿
* 胎孩
* 臺孩／台孩
* 虎剌孩
* 血孩
* 遺孩／遗孩
* 野孩子
* 阿孩兒／阿孩儿
* 香孩兒營／香孩儿营

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: がい (gai)
* Kan-on: かい (kai)
* Kun: ちのみご (chinomigo, 孩)

## Korean
### Hanja

孩 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

孩: Hán Nôm readings: hài, hời
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.