# 蠆

| 蠆 | U+8806, &#34822; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8806 |
| ← 蠅 [U+8805] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蠇 → [U+8807] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蠆 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+13, 19 strokes, cangjie input 廿田月戈 (TWBI), four-corner 4413$_6$, composition ⿱萬虫)
* a kind of scorpion
* a sting in the tail

#### Derived characters

* 囆, 𡿋, 𢺉, 𨙚, 爡, 𤜒, 𧮚, 𧓽, 𤼚

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1099, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33694
* Dae Jaweon: page 1563, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2889, character 20
* Unihan data for U+8806

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 蠆 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 糲 | *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd |
| 犡 | *m·raːds, *m·rads |
| 噧 | *hmreːds, *r̥ʰaːd |
| 邁 | *mraːds |
| 勱 | *mraːds |
| 蠆 | *m̥ʰraːds |
| 厲 | *m·rads |
| 勵 | *m·rads |
| 礪 | *m·rads |
| 蠣 | *m·rads |
| 蠇 | *m·rads |
| 癘 | *m·rads |
| 濿 | *m·rads |
| 櫔 | *m·rads |
| 巁 | *m·rads |
| 贎 | *m·rads, *mlans |
| 萬 | *mlans |
Originally written as 萬. 虫 (“creature”) was added to disambiguate it from 萬 (“myriad, ten thousand”).

### Etymology

From 厲 (OC *m·rads, “sharp”) with a nominalizing devoicing, a realization of a Sino-Tibetan prefix *s-, probably the one used in words for animals (Schuessler, 2007). Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruct it with an additional animal prefix *m-. It may also be connected to 蜇 (OC *ʔl'ed, “to sting”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chài (chai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chài
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chài
*** Wade–Giles: chʻai$^4$
*** Yale: chài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chay
*** Palladius: чай (čaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caai$^3$
*** Yale: chaai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːi̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: trhaejH
Rime :
| Character | 蠆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 徹 (10) |
| Final (韻) | 夬 (29) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 丑犗切 |
| Baxter | trhaejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈʰˠai$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈʰᵚai$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶʰai$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈʰaɨjs$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶʰai$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶʰæi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶʰai$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-r̥ˤa[t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*m̥ʰraːds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蠆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trhæj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*mə-r̥ˁa[t]-s/ |
| English | scorpion |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蠆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12620 |
| Phonetic component | 萬 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蠆 |
| Old Chinese | /*m̥ʰraːds/ |

### Definitions

蠆
* (obsolete) venomous creature; scorpion
    From: Tao Te Ching, 4th century BCE
    Fēngchài huǐshé bù shì, měngshòu bù jù, jué niǎo bù bó. [Pinyin]
    Bees and scorpions and asps and adders will not sting him; fierce beasts will not seize him; predatory birds will not strike him.
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE, translated based on David Hawkes' version
    Xiàtáng xī jiàn chài, chūmén xī chù zhōng, Xiàng yǒu xī yóutíng, yì duō xī tángláng. [Pinyin]
    Going down from the hall I see scorpions; going out of the gate I run into locusts; In the alleyways there are centipedes; in the town there are many mantises.
* Used in 蠆芥／虿芥.

### Compounds

* 水蠆／水虿 (shuǐchài)
* 蜂蠆有毒／蜂虿有毒
* 蠆介／虿介
* 蠆尾／虿尾
* 蠆芥／虿芥
* 銀鉤蠆尾／银钩虿尾

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* scorpion

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): たい (tai)、たつ (tatsu)、たち (tachi)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

蠆: Hán Nôm readings: sái, mại
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation