# श्वाविध्
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit श्वाविध् (śvāvídh). Doublet of साही (sāhī).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʃʋɑː.ʋɪd̪ʱ/, [ʃʋäː.ʋɪd̪ʱ]

### Noun

श्वाविध् • (śvāvidh) m
* (rare) porcupine
    Synonyms: सेधा (sedhā), साही (sāhī), सेही (sehī)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “श्वाविध्”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* শ্বাৱিধ্ (Assamese script)
* ᬰ᭄ᬯᬵᬯᬶᬥ᭄ (Balinese script)
* শ্বাবিধ্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰫𑰿𑰪𑰯𑰪𑰰𑰠𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀰𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀥𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ၐွာဝိဓ် (Burmese script)
* શ્વાવિધ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਸ਼੍ਵਾਵਿਧ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌶𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌵𑌿𑌧𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦯ꧀ꦮꦴꦮꦶꦣ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂬𑂹𑂫𑂰𑂫𑂱𑂡𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಶ್ವಾವಿಧ್ (Kannada script)
* ឝ្វាវិធ៑ (Khmer script)
* ຨ຺ວາວິຘ຺ (Lao script)
* ശ്വാവിധ് (Malayalam script)
* ᡧᠣᠸᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠸᡳᢡ (Manchu script)
* 𑘫𑘿𑘪𑘰𑘪𑘱𑘠𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠱᢦ᠎ᠠᠸᠢᢑᠾ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧋𑧠𑧊𑧑𑧊𑧒𑧀𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐱𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐰𑐶𑐢𑑂 (Newa script)
* ଶ୍ଵାଵିଧ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢯ꣄ꢮꢵꢮꢶꢤ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆯𑇀𑆮𑆳𑆮𑆴𑆣𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖫𑖿𑖪𑖯𑖪𑖰𑖠𑖿 (Siddham script)
* ශ‍්වාවිධ් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩿 𑪙𑩾𑩛𑩾𑩑𑩮 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚧𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚦𑚮𑚜𑚶 (Takri script)
* ஶ்வாவித்⁴ (Tamil script)
* శ్వావిధ్ (Telugu script)
* ศฺวาวิธฺ (Thai script)
* ཤྭཱ་ཝི་དྷ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒬𑓂𑒫𑒰𑒫𑒱𑒡𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨮𑩇𑨭𑨊𑨭𑨁𑨜𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śwaHwídʰ-, from *śwá (“dog”) + *Hwídʰ- (“piercing, perforating, wounding”), from the zero grades of Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”) and *h₁weydʰh₁- respectively. Literally "dog-piercer". See also व्यध् (vyadh, “to pierce, hurt”, root). The constituent components are श्वन् (śvan, “dog”) +‎ व्यध् (vyadh, “to pierce”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕʋɑː.ʋídʱ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɕʋɑː.ʋid̪ʱ/

### Noun

श्वाविध् • (śvāvídh) stem, m
* a porcupine
** c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 5.13.9:कर्णा श्वावित् तद् अब्रवीद् गिरेर् अवचरन्तिका । याः काश् चेमाः खनित्रिमास् तासाम् अरसतमं विषम् ॥karṇā śvāvit tad abravīd girer avacarantikā. yāḥ kāś cemāḥ khanitrimās tāsām arasatamaṃ viṣam.Dwelling beside the mountain's slope, the quick-eared porcupine exclaimed: The poison which is in all these she-snakes homed in earth is most powerless.

#### Derived terms

* श्वाविच्छरण (śvāviccharaṇa, “porcupine's lair”)
* श्वाविच्छललित (śvāvicchalalita, “furnished with porcupine quills”)
* श्वाविद्गर्त (śvāvidgarta, “porcupine's lair”)
* श्वाविद्रोमन् (śvāvidroman, “quill of a porcupine”)
* श्वाविल्लोमन् (śvāvilloman, “quill of a porcupine”)

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kalasha: šu
** Khowar: شُو (šu)
* Pali: sāmi
* Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀳 (sāviha)
** Magadhi Prakrit:
*** Odia: ସାଇଁ (sāĩ)
** Sauraseni Prakrit:
*** Gujarati: શાહુડી (śāhuḍī)
*** Hindustani:
    Hindi: साही (sāhī)
    Urdu: ساہی (sāhī)

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “श्वाविध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1105, column 2.
* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “श्वाविध्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śvāvídh”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śvāvídh-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 678