# 人參
## Chinese

* 人參

### Etymology

Referring to the root's characteristic forked shape, resembling the legs of a man.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rénshēn
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄕㄣ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jan$^4$ sam$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngin$^3$ lhim$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'liin$^4$ sen$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngìn-sêm
    (Hailu, HRS): ngin sem$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ìng-sĕng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): jîn-sim / lîn-sim / jîn-song / lîn-song / lîn-serm / jîn-sam / lîn-sam / jîn-som / lîn-som / gîn-som
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ring$^5$ siam$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$gnin-sen / $^2$gnin-sen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rénshēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄕㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rénshen
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^2$-shên$^1$
*** Yale: rén-shēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renshen
*** Palladius: жэньшэнь (žɛnʹšɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən³⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$人參／人参 人身 壬申
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^4$ sam$^1$
*** Yale: yàhn sām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^4$ sam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^4$ sem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$人參／人参 人心 仁心
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngin$^3$ lhim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡin²² ɬim³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'liin$^4$ sen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈlɨn³⁵ sɛn⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngìn-sêm
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngin$^ˇ$ sem$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngin$^2$ sem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋin¹¹ sem²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngin sem$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋin⁵⁵ sem⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ìng-sĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(s-)}$nɛiŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Sanxia)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-sim
*** Tâi-lô: jîn-sim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jinsym
*** IPA (Tainan, Yilan): /d͡zin²⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-sim
*** Tâi-lô: lîn-sim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: linsym
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /lin²⁴⁻¹² sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ sim⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-song
*** Tâi-lô: jîn-song
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jinsofng
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-song
*** Tâi-lô: lîn-song
*** Phofsit Daibuun: linsofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-serm
*** Tâi-lô: lîn-serm
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /lin²⁴⁻²² səm³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-sam
*** Tâi-lô: jîn-sam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jinsafm
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³⁻³³ sam⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-sam
*** Tâi-lô: lîn-sam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: linsafm
*** IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ sam⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-som
*** Tâi-lô: jîn-som
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jinsofm
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin¹³⁻²² sɔm⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³⁻³³ sɔm⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-som
*** Tâi-lô: lîn-som
*** Phofsit Daibuun: linsofm
*** IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ sɔm⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gîn-som
*** Tâi-lô: gîn-som
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ginsofm
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ring$^5$ siam$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jîng siam
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡ziŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siam³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gnin-sen
*** MiniDict: nyin$^去$ sen
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyin-sen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²² sən⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$gnin-sen
*** MiniDict: nyin$^平$ sen
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /n̠ʲin²² sən³³/

### Noun

人參
* ginseng (any of several plants, of the genus Panax)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 人參 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 人參 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 人參 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 人參 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 人參 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 人參 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 參 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 參 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 人參, 參 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 人參 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 人參 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 人參, 參 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 參 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 人參 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 人參 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 人參 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 參仔 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 參 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 人參 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 人參 |

#### Derived terms

* 人參果／人参果
* 人參皂苷／人参皂苷 (rénshēn zàogān)
* 屁股裡吃人參／屁股里吃人参

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 人(ニン)参(ジン) (ninjin)
* → Korean: 인삼(人蔘) (insam)
* → Vietnamese: nhân sâm (人參)
Others:
* → English: ginseng
* → Russian: женьшень (ženʹšenʹ)

#### See also

* 補益藥／补益药 (bǔyìyào)
* 藥材／药材 (yàocái, “medicinal materials in traditional Chinese medicine”)

### References

* Duffus, William (1883) “ginseng”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 122

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 人 | 參 |
| にん Grade: 1 | じん Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

人(にん)參(じん) • (ninjin)
* Kyūjitai form of 人参 (“carrot”)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 人 | 參 |

### Noun

人參 • (insam) (hangeul 인삼)
* Alternative form of 人蔘

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 人 | 參 |

### Noun

人參
* chữ Hán form of nhân sâm (“ginseng”).