# 虩

| 虩 | U+8669, &#34409; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8669 |
| ← 虨 [U+8668] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 虪 → [U+866A] |
| 虩 | U+2F9B6, &#194998; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B6 |
| ← 虧 [U+2F9B5] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 蚩 → [U+2F9B7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

虩 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 火火卜心山 (FFYPU), four-corner 9291$_7$, composition ⿰𡭴虎)

#### Derived characters

* 𡄼, 𭳳

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1075, character 53
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32782
* Dae Jaweon: page 1544, character 32
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2830, character 9
* Unihan data for U+8669
* Unihan data for U+2F9B6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 虩 :
| Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn |
| Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions |
| | Old Chinese |
| 虩 | *sqʰraːɡ, *qʰraɡ |
| 隙 | *kʰraɡ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xì (xi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwik$^1$ / hik$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hih$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xì
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sì
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^4$
*** Yale: syì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwik$^1$ / hik$^1$
*** Yale: gwīk / hīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwik$^7$ / hik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guig$^1$ / hig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɪk̚⁵/, /hɪk̚⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hih$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hih$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiʔ²/
* Middle Chinese: xjaek, sreak
Rime :
| Character | 虩 | 虩 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (115) | 麥 (119) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | II |
| Fanqie | 許郤切 | 山責切 |
| Baxter | xjaek | sreak |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠiæk̚/ | /ʃˠɛk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hᵚiak̚/ | /ʃᵚæk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiak̚/ | /ʃɐk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hiajk̚/ | /ʂəɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /xiɐk̚/ | /ʃɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭɐk̚/ | /ʃæk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xiɐk̚/ | /ʂæk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xi | she |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hik$^1$ | sak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰrak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰraːɡ/, /*qʰraɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 虩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjæk › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰrak/ |
| English | fear |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 虩 | 虩 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13440 | 13442 |
| Phonetic component | 隙 | 隙 |
| Rime group | 錫 | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 栜 | 虩 |
| Old Chinese | /*sqʰraːɡ/ | /*qʰraɡ/ |

### Definitions

虩
* (archaic) full of fear; in awe; with great vigilance; cautiously
    From: c. Spring and Autumn period, Qin Gong gui inscriptions (秦公簋銘文). English text based on the translation by Gilbert Mattos.
    Yán gōng yín tiānmìng, bǎo yè jué Qín, xì shì Mán Xià. [Pinyin]
    [They] reverently respected and revered Heaven's Mandate, protected and regulated their [state of] Qin, and vigilantly attended to the Man and the Xia.

### References

* “虩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “虩”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 254.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): けき (keki)、きゃく (kyaku)、さく (saku)、しゃく (shaku)
* Kun: おそれる (osoreru)