OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# असम
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit असम (asama).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ə.səm/, [ɐ.sɐ̃m]

### Adjective

असम • (asam) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling اسم)
* unequal, uneven
* dissimilar
* unusual

#### Derived terms

* असमता (asamtā)

## Pali
### Noun

असम n
* Devanagari script form of asama

#### Alternative forms

* asama (Latin script)
* 𑀅𑀲𑀫 (Brahmi script)
* অসম (Bengali script)
* අසම (Sinhalese script)
* အသမ or ဢသမ (Burmese script)
* อสม or อะสะมะ (Thai script)
* ᩋᩈᨾ (Tai Tham script)
* ອສມ or ອະສະມະ (Lao script)
* អសម (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄥𑄟 (Chakma script)
* asama (Latin script)
* 𑀅𑀲𑀫 (Brahmi script)
* অসম (Bengali script)
* අසම (Sinhalese script)
* အသမ or ဢသမ (Burmese script)
* อสม or อะสะมะ (Thai script)
* ᩋᩈᨾ (Tai Tham script)
* ອສມ or ອະສະມະ (Lao script)
* អសម (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄥𑄟 (Chakma script)
* asama (Latin script)
* 𑀅𑀲𑀫 (Brahmi script)
* অসম (Bengali script)
* අසම (Sinhalese script)
* အသမ or ဢသမ (Burmese script)
* อสม or อะสะมะ (Thai script)
* ᩋᩈᨾ (Tai Tham script)
* ອສມ or ອະສະມະ (Lao script)
* អសម (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄥𑄟 (Chakma script)

### Adjective

असम
* Devanagari script form of asama

#### Alternative forms

* asama (Latin script)
* 𑀅𑀲𑀫 (Brahmi script)
* অসম (Bengali script)
* අසම (Sinhalese script)
* အသမ or ဢသမ (Burmese script)
* อสม or อะสะมะ (Thai script)
* ᩋᩈᨾ (Tai Tham script)
* ອສມ or ອະສະມະ (Lao script)
* អសម (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄥𑄟 (Chakma script)
# असमान
## Hindi
### Etymology 1

From अ- (a-, “not”) +‎ समान (samān, “equal, same”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ə.sə.mɑːn/, [ɐ.sɐ.mä̃ːn]

#### Adjective

असमान • (asamān)
* unequal; dissimilar

##### Derived terms

* असमानता (asamāntā)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /əs.mɑːn/, [ɐs.mä̃ːn]

#### Noun

असमान • (asmān) m
* (poetic) Alternative form of आसमान (āsmān)
# असेचन​
## Sanskrit
### Etymology

Unknown. The surface analysis अ- (a-, “not”) +‎ सेचन (secana, “pouring out”) cannot account for the meaning. But consider the variation आशेचन (āśécana), which can have the same meaning.

### Adjective

असेचन​ • (asecana​)
* lovely, charming

#### Descendants

* → Tocharian B: asecanadarśaṃ

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “असेचन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 121/3.
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “असेचन​”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
# कुशवाहा
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kʊʃ.ʋɑː.ɦɑː/, [kʊʃ.ʋäː.ɦäː]

### Proper noun

कुशवाहा • (kuśvāhā) m or f by sense (Urdu spelling کشواہا)
* a surname, Kushwaha, used by Hindu vegetable cultivators.

#### Declension

NOTE: This term is declined masculine or feminine according to the gender of the referent.
# އަލުވި
## Dhivehi
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit आलु (ālu). Cognate with Sinhalese අල (ala). Doublet of އަލަ (ala)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əluʋi/, [əluʋi]

### Noun

އަލުވި • (aluvi)
* potato

### References

* Hassan Ahmed Maniku (2000) “އަލުވި”, in A Concise Etymological Vocabulary of Dhivehi Language, Colombo: The Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka, page 13
# އަޑި
## Dhivehi
### Etymology

From Tamil அடி (aṭi). Cognate to Sinhalese අඩිය (aḍiya)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ɖi/, [ä.ɖi]
* Hyphenation: އަ‧ޑި

### Noun

އަޑި • (aḍi) (plural އަޑިތައް (aḍitak̊))
* bottom, base, depression
* gully, ravine

### References

* Hassan Ahmed Maniku (2000) “އަޑި”, in A Concise Etymological Vocabulary of Dhivehi Language, Colombo: The Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka, page 7
# އަގު
## Dhivehi
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit अर्घ (argha). Cognate to Sinhalese අගය (agaya)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ɡu/, [ä.ɡu]
* Hyphenation: އަ‧ގު

### Noun

އަގު • (agu) (plural އަގުތައް (agutak̊))
* value, price

### References

* Hassan Ahmed Maniku (2000) “އަގު”, in A Concise Etymological Vocabulary of Dhivehi Language, Colombo: The Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka, page 8
# इस्तेमाल करना
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɪs.t̪eː.mɑːl kəɾ.nɑː/, [ɪs.t̪eː.mäːl‿kɐɾ.näː]

### Verb

इस्तेमाल करना • (istemāl karnā) (Urdu spelling استعمال کرنا)
* to use
    क्या तुम कैंची का इस्तेमाल करना चाहते हो?kyā tum ka͠icī kā istemāl karnā cāhte ho?Do you want to use scissors?

#### Conjugation

$^1$The participle किये (kiye) can also be spelled without the y: किए (kie).
$^1$The participle किये (kiye) can also be spelled without the y: किए (kie). $^2$The forms कीजिये (kījiye) and कीजियेगा (kījiyegā) can also be spelled without the y: कीजिए (kījie) and कीजिएगा (kījiegā). $^3$The forms करिये (kariye) and करियेगा (kariyegā) can also be spelled without the y: करिए (karie) and करिएगा (kariegā).
# ख़ुलासा
## Hindi
### Alternative forms

* खुलासा (khulāsā)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خُلَاصَة (ḵulāṣa). The primary senses are further influenced by खुलना (khulnā, “to open, come out”), but the lack of the suffix -आसा (-āsā) in other tadbhava words suggest this to be a folk conflation.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /xʊ.lɑː.sɑː/, [xʊ.läː.säː], /kʰʊ.lɑː.sɑː/, [kʰʊ.läː.säː]

### Noun

ख़ुलासा • (xulāsā) m (Urdu spelling خلاصہ)
* opening, revealing, disclosure; leak
* summary, synopsis
    Synonym: सारांश (sārāñś)

#### Declension
### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “khulasa”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
# ࡂࡀࡁࡓࡀ
## Classical Mandaic
### Noun

ࡂࡀࡁࡓࡀ (gabra)
* man, person, human being
# अनुमोदित
## Hindi
### Etymology

Sanskrit अनुमोदित (anumodita), from अनु- (anu-) +‎ मुद् (mud) +‎ -इत (-ita)

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ə.nʊ.moː.d̪ɪt̪/, [ɐ.nʊ.moː.d̪ɪt̪]

### Adjective

अनुमोदित • (anumodit) (indeclinable)
* approved
# अनुरक्त
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अनुरक्त (anurakta).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ə.nʊ.ɾəkt̪/, [ɐ.nʊ.ɾɐkt̪]

### Adjective

अनुरक्त • (anurakt)
* attached (to); devoted (to)

### References

* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “अनुरक्त”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
* Platts, John T. (1884) “अनुरक्त”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “अनुरक्त”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
# अनुराग
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अनुराग (anurāga).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ə.nʊ.ɾɑːɡ/, [ɐ.nʊ.ɾäːɡ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

अनुराग • (anurāg) m (Urdu spelling انراگ)
* higher love (e.g. the love of music or art)
* strong desire
* love
* passion
* affection
* fondness
* attachment

#### Declension
### Proper noun

अनुराग • (anurāg) m (Urdu spelling انراگ)
* a male given name, Anurag, from Sanskrit

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Pronunciation

* অনুৰাগ (Assamese script)
* ᬅᬦᬸᬭᬵᬕ (Balinese script)
* অনুরাগ (Bengali script)
* 𑰀𑰡𑰲𑰨𑰯𑰐 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀅𑀦𑀼𑀭𑀸𑀕 (Brahmi script)
* အနုရာဂ (Burmese script)
* અનુરાગ (Gujarati script)
* ਅਨੁਰਾਗ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌅𑌨𑍁𑌰𑌾𑌗 (Grantha script)
* ꦄꦤꦸꦫꦴꦒ (Javanese script)
* 𑂃𑂢𑂳𑂩𑂰𑂏 (Kaithi script)
* ಅನುರಾಗ (Kannada script)
* អនុរាគ (Khmer script)
* ອນຸຣາຄ (Lao script)
* അനുരാഗ (Malayalam script)
* ᠠᠨᡠᡵᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡤᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘀𑘡𑘳𑘨𑘰𑘐 (Modi script)
* ᠠᠨᠤᠷᠠᢗᠺᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦠𑧁𑧔𑧈𑧑𑦰 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐀𑐣𑐸𑐬𑐵𑐐 (Newa script)
* ଅନୁରାଗ (Odia script)
* ꢂꢥꢸꢬꢵꢔ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆃𑆤𑆶𑆫𑆳𑆓 (Sharada script)
* 𑖀𑖡𑖲𑖨𑖯𑖐 (Siddham script)
* අනුරාග (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩯𑩒𑩼𑩛𑩞 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚀𑚝𑚰𑚤𑚭𑚌 (Takri script)
* அநுராக³ (Tamil script)
* అనురాగ (Telugu script)
* อนุราค (Thai script)
* ཨ་ནུ་རཱ་ག (Tibetan script)
* 𑒁𑒢𑒳𑒩𑒰𑒑 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨝𑨃𑨫𑨊𑨍 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Noun

अनुराग • (anurāga) stem, m
* predilection
* a higher love, like the love of music or art
* affection
* admirer
* devotion
* fidelity
* fondness
# अनुमेय
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अनुमेय (anumeya).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ə.nʊ.meːj/, [ɐ.nʊ.meːj]

### Adjective

अनुमेय • (anumey) (indeclinable)
* predictable

### References

* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “अनुमेय”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

## Sanskrit
### Etymology

From the root अनुमन् (anuman).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɐ.nu.mɐ́j.jɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɐ.n̪uˈmeː.jɐ/

### Adjective

अनुमेय • (anuméya) stem
* predictable, measurable, inferable
    Antonym: अननुमेय (ananumeya)
# आजीवन
## Hindi
### Etymology

From आ- (ā-) +‎ जीवन (jīvan, “life”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɑː.d͡ʒiː.ʋən/, [äː.d͡ʒiː.ʋɐ̃n]

### Adjective

आजीवन • (ājīvan) (indeclinable)
* for life, lifelong
    Synonym: जीवनभर की (jīvanbhar kī)
    आजीवन कारावास ― ājīvan kārāvās ― life-sentence
# आजू-बाजू
## Hindi
### Etymology

Reduplication of बाज़ू (bāzū), with nativization of z > j.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɑː.d͡ʒuː.bɑː.d͡ʒuː/, [äː.d͡ʒuː.bäː.d͡ʒuː]

### Adverb

आजू-बाजू • (ājū-bājū)
* round about, around, nearby
    Synonyms: आस-पास (ās-pās), निकट (nikaṭ)

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “आजू-बाजू”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
# आज्ञा
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit आज्ञा (ājñā, “order, command, authority”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɑːɡ.jɑː/, [äːɡ.jäː]

### Noun

आज्ञा • (ājñā) f (Urdu spelling آجنا)
* order, command
    Synonym: हुक्म (hukma)
    उसकी आज्ञा नहीं टल सकती।uskī ājñā nahī̃ ṭal saktī.His order cannot be reverted.
    अपके पिता की आज्ञा का पालन करो।apke pitā kī ājñā kā pālan karo.Obey the commands of your father.
* (Hinduism, Sikhism) an order or commandment of a spiritual master or guru to a disciple

#### Derived terms

* आज्ञा करना (ājñā karnā)
* आज्ञा चक्र (ājñā cakra, “third eye, chakra at the eyebrow junction.”)
* आज्ञाकारी (ājñākārī)
** आज्ञाकारिता (ājñākāritā)

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “आज्ञा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* আজ্ঞা (Assamese script)
* ᬆᬚ᭄ᬜᬵ (Balinese script)
* আজ্ঞা (Bengali script)
* 𑰁𑰕𑰿𑰗𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀆𑀚𑁆𑀜𑀸 (Brahmi script)
* အာဇ္ဉာ (Burmese script)
* આજ્ઞા (Gujarati script)
* ਆਜ੍ਞਾ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌆𑌜𑍍𑌞𑌾 (Grantha script)
* ꦄꦴꦘꦴ (Javanese script)
* 𑂄𑂔𑂹𑂖𑂰 (Kaithi script)
* ಆಜ್ಞಾ (Kannada script)
* អាជ្ញា (Khmer script)
* ອາຊ຺ຎາ (Lao script)
* ആജ്ഞാ (Malayalam script)
* ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡯᠨᡳᠶᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
* 𑘁𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘰 (Modi script)
* ᠠᢗᠽᡛᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦡𑦵𑧠𑦷𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐁𑐖𑑂𑐘𑐵 (Newa script)
* ଆଜ୍ଞା (Odia script)
* ꢃꢙ꣄ꢛꢵ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆄𑆘𑇀𑆚𑆳 (Sharada script)
* 𑖁𑖕𑖿𑖗𑖯 (Siddham script)
* ආඥා (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩛𑩣 𑪙𑩥𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚁𑚑𑚶𑚓𑚭 (Takri script)
* ஆஜ்ஞா (Tamil script)
* ఆజ్ఞా (Telugu script)
* อาชฺญา (Thai script)
* ཨཱ་ཛྙཱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒂𑒖𑓂𑒘𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨊𑨥𑩇𑨓𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

आ- (ā-) +‎ ज्ञा (jñā).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɑːd͡ʑ.ɲɑː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɑːd͡ʑ.ɲɑː/

### Noun

आज्ञा • (ājñā) stem, f
* order, command (Mn. X, 56, MBh. etc.)
* authority, unlimited power (Bālar.)
* name of the tenth lunar mansion (VarBṛ.)
* permission (Mn. IX, 199)
    अनाज्ञया (an-ā-jñayā) - without permission of (+genitive)

#### Descendants

* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀡𑀸 (āṇā)
* Pali: āṇā
** → Tamil: ஆணை (āṇai)
** → Thai: อาณา (aa-naa)
** → Sinhalese: අණ (aṇa), ඇණය (æṇaya)
* Punjabi: ਅੱਗਾਯਾ (aggāyā)
* → Assamese: আজ্ঞা (agga)
* → Bengali: আজ্ঞা (ajna), আগ্গাঁ (aggã)
* → Gujarati: આજ્ઞા (ājñā)
* → Hindi: आज्ञा (ājñā)
* → Malayalam: ആജ്ഞ (ājña)
* → Marathi: आज्ञा (ājñā)
* → Nepali: आज्ञा (āgyā), आग्ग्याँ (āggyā̃)
* → Old Javanese: ājñā
* → Odia: ଆଜ୍ଞା (ājñā)
* → Sinhalese: ආඥාව (āgnāwa)
* → Tamil: ஆஞ்ஞை (āññai)
* → Telugu: ఆజ్ఞ (ājña)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “आज्ञा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0133/1.
# उठवाया
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʊʈʰ.ʋɑː.jɑː/, [ʊʈʰ.ʋäː.jäː]

### Verb

उठवाया • (uṭhvāyā)
* inflection of उठवाना (uṭhvānā):
** direct masculine singular perfective participle
** masculine singular perfect indicative
# किल
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* কিল (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬶᬮ (Balinese script)
* কিল (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰰𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀺𑀮 (Brahmi script)
* ကိလ (Burmese script)
* કિલ (Gujarati script)
* ਕਿਲ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑌿𑌲 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦶꦭ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂱𑂪 (Kaithi script)
* ಕಿಲ (Kannada script)
* កិល (Khmer script)
* ກິລ (Lao script)
* കില (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᡳᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘱𑘩 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠢᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧒𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐶𑐮 (Newa script)
* କିଲ (Odia script)
* ꢒꢶꢭ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆴𑆬 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖰𑖩 (Siddham script)
* කිල (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩑𑩽 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚮𑚥 (Takri script)
* கில (Tamil script)
* కిల (Telugu script)
* กิล (Thai script)
* ཀི་ལ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒱𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨁𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kí.lɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈki.l̪ɐ/

### Particle

किल • (kíla)
* indeed, verily
* namely
* it is said, it is held, reportedly
* customarily, per tradition or doctrine
* emphasises the previous word
** c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 4.14.14

#### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “किल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 284.
# किरिस्तांव
## Konkani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese cristão.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kiɾistãʋ]

### Noun

किरिस्तांव • (kiristā̃v) (Latin script kiristanv, Kannada script ಕಿರಿಸ್ತಾಂವ್)
* a Christian person
# उजलाई
## Hindi
### Noun

उजलाई • (ujlāī) f (Urdu spelling اجلائی)
* brightness
* cleanness
* whiteness
# कीबोर्ड
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from English keyboard.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kiː.boːɾɖ/

### Noun

कीबोर्ड • (kīborḍ) m
* keyboard
    Synonym: कुंजीपटल (kuñjīpṭal)

#### Declension
## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from English keyboard.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ki.boɾ.ɖə/

### Noun

कीबोर्ड • (kīborḍa) ?
* keyboard
# च्याकुं
## Newar
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɕjakũː]

### Noun

च्याकुं • (cyākuṃ) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐔𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐎𑐸𑑄)
* octagon
# च्वल्वहं
## Newar
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɕwɔlwɔhə̃ː]

### Noun

च्वल्वहं • (cwalwahaṃ) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐴𑑄)
* flint, flintstone
# च्या
## Konkani
### Alternative forms

* च्याय (cyāy), च्याव (cyāv)

### Etymology

Ultimately borrowed from Chinese 茶 (chá).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃjɑː]

### Noun

च्या • (cyā) (Latin script chea, Kannada script ಚ್ಯಾ)
* tea

### References

* Pushpak Bhattacharyya (2017) IndoWordNet‎
# डंडी
## Hindi
### Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀟𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀕𑀸 (ḍaṃḍigā), from Sanskrit दण्डिका (daṇḍikā). By surface analysis, डंडा (ḍaṇḍā) +‎ -ई (-ī).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɖəɳ.ɖiː/, [ɖɐ̃ɳ.ɖiː]

### Noun

डंडी • (ḍaṇḍī) f
* a stick, cane, rod
* one carrying a staff (esp. an ascetic)
* shaft (of a vehicle).
* handle; lever
* the holding part of a spoon or fork
* beam (of a pair of scales)
* stalk, stem; shoot; twig or small branch of tree
* a line, stripe
* (slang) penis
* path
* an ear-ring affixed to the border of the ear

#### Derived terms

* पगडंडी (pagḍaṇḍī)

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “डंडी”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
# डंठल
## Hindi
### Etymology

From Sanskrit *डण्ठ (ḍaṇṭha, “stem”), possible diminutive तण्डक (taṇḍaka, “trunk”), related दण्ड (daṇḍá, “stick, club”), ultimately of non-Indo-Aryan origin.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɖəɳ.ʈʰəl/, [ɖɐ̃ɳ.ʈʰɐl]

### Noun

डंठल • (ḍaṇṭhal) m
* stalk, stem (of fruit, flowers)
    Synonym: तना (tanā)
    नीबू का डंठल पत्तीदार होता है।nībū kā ḍaṇṭhal pattīdār hotā hai.The stem of a lemon is usually leafy.
# कुल्चा
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian کلیچه (kulīča), کلچه (kolča).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kʊl.t͡ʃɑː/, [kʊl.t͡ʃäː]

### Noun

कुल्चा • (kulcā) m (Urdu spelling کلچا)
* kulcha
# कुल्ला
## Hindi
### Etymology

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀓𑀼𑀮𑁆𑀮 (*kulla). Cognate with Nepali कुल्ला (kullā), Bengali কুলকুচা (kulkuca).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kʊl.lɑː/, [kʊl.läː]

### Noun

कुल्ला • (kullā) m
* gargling
* water used for gargling
    Hypernyms: see Thesaurus:पानी

#### Derived terms

* कुल्ला करना (kullā karnā)

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “कुल्ला”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kulī”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# पड़ोसिन
## Hindi
### Alternative forms

* पड़ोसन (paṛosan)

### Etymology

Compare पड़ोसी (paṛosī, “male neighbour”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /pə.ɽoː.sɪn/, [pɐ.ɽoː.sɪ̃n]

### Noun

पड़ोसिन • (paṛosin) f
* female neighbour (a person living on adjacent or nearby land)

#### Related terms

* पड़ोसी (paṛosī)
# पडाव
## Marathi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pə.ɖaʋ/

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

#### Noun

पडाव • (paḍāv) m
* an encamping or a halting (of an army, a band of herdsmen, dealers, pilgrims, etc.)
* the place of encampment or halting

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Kannada ಪಡಂಗು (paḍaṅgu).

#### Alternative forms

* पडांव (paḍāuva)

#### Noun

पडाव • (paḍāv) m
* a kind of boat carrying from five to twenty

##### Declension
### References

* Berntsen Date, Molesworth, Tulpule/Feldhaus Vaze (2022) “पडाव”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Marathi Dictionaries]
# पड़ो
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /pə.ɽoː/, [pɐ.ɽoː]

### Verb

पड़ो • (paṛo)
* inflection of पड़ना (paṛnā):
** second-person familiar future subjunctive
** second-person familiar present imperative
# द्वादश
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* দ্বাদশ (Assamese script)
* ᬤ᭄ᬯᬵᬤᬰ (Balinese script)
* দ্বাদশ (Bengali script)
* 𑰟𑰿𑰪𑰯𑰟𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀤𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀤𑀰 (Brahmi script)
* ဒွါဒၐ (Burmese script)
* દ્વાદશ (Gujarati script)
* ਦ੍ਵਾਦਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌦𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌦𑌶 (Grantha script)
* ꦢ꧀ꦮꦴꦢꦯ (Javanese script)
* 𑂠𑂹𑂫𑂰𑂠𑂬 (Kaithi script)
* ದ್ವಾದಶ (Kannada script)
* ទ្វាទឝ (Khmer script)
* ທ຺ວາທຨ (Lao script)
* ദ്വാദശ (Malayalam script)
* ᡩᠣᠸᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡩᠠᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘟𑘿𑘪𑘰𑘟𑘫 (Modi script)
* ᢑᢦ᠎ᠠᢑᠠᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦿𑧠𑧊𑧑𑦿𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐡𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐡𑐱 (Newa script)
* ଦ୍ଵାଦଶ (Odia script)
* ꢣ꣄ꢮꢵꢣꢯ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆢𑇀𑆮𑆳𑆢𑆯 (Sharada script)
* 𑖟𑖿𑖪𑖯𑖟𑖫 (Siddham script)
* ද්‍වාදශ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩭 𑪙𑩾𑩛𑩭𑩿 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚛𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚛𑚧 (Takri script)
* த்³வாத³ஶ (Tamil script)
* ద్వాదశ (Telugu script)
* ทฺวาทศ (Thai script)
* དྭཱ་ད་ཤ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒠𑓂𑒫𑒰𑒠𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨛𑩇𑨭𑨊𑨛𑨮 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From द्व (dvá) +‎ दश (dáśa).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /dʋɑ́ː.dɐ.ɕɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈd̪ʋɑː.d̪ɐ.ɕɐ/

### Numeral

द्वादश • (dvā́daśa)
* twelve

#### Derived terms

* द्वादशाह (dvādaśāha)

#### Descendants

* Pali: dvādasa
* Prakrit: 𑀩𑀸𑀭𑀲 (bārasa) (see there for further descendants)
# द्वहँ
## Newar
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dwɔhə̃]

### Noun

द्वहँ • (dwahã) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐡𑑂𑐰𑐴𑑃)
* bull
# द्रोहचिंतन
## Hindi
### Etymology

द्रोह (droh, “malice”) +‎ चिंतन (cintan, “thinking”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /d̪ɾoːɦ.t͡ʃɪn.t̪ən/, [d̪ɾoːʱ.t͡ʃɪ̃n̪.t̪ɐ̃n]

### Noun

द्रोहचिंतन • (drohcintan) m
* thinking of harm, violence
# страдание
## Bulgarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [strɐˈdaniɛ]

### Noun

страда́ние • (stradánie) n
* suffering, pain, distress

#### Declension
## Macedonian
### Alternative forms

* страдање n (stradanje) — more common

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [straˈdani(j)ɛ]
* Hyphenation: стра‧да‧ни‧е

### Noun

страдание • (stradanie) n (plural страданија)
* suffering, woe
    Synonym: патење (patenje)

#### Declension
### References

* “страдание” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* страданье (stradanʹje)

### Etymology

страда́ть (stradátʹ) +‎ -а́ние (-ánije)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [strɐˈdanʲɪje]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -anʲɪje

### Noun

страда́ние • (stradánije) n inan (genitive страда́ния, nominative plural страда́ния, genitive plural страда́ний)
* (usually in the plural) suffering
** 1866, Фёдор Достоевский [Fyodor Dostoevsky], “Часть V, Глава IV”, in Преступление и наказание; English translation from Constance Garnett, transl., Crime and Punishment, 1914:Раско́льников был де́ятельным и бо́дрым адвока́том Со́ни про́тив Лу́жина, несмотря́ на то что сам носи́л сто́лько со́бственного у́жаса и страда́ния в душе́.Raskólʹnikov byl déjatelʹnym i bódrym advokátom Sóni prótiv Lúžina, nesmotrjá na to što sam nosíl stólʹko sóbstvennovo úžasa i stradánija v dušé.Raskolnikov had been a vigorous and active champion of Sonia against Luzhin, although he had such a load of horror and anguish in his own heart.

#### Related terms

* сострада́ние (sostradánije)
* страда́тельный (stradátelʹnyj)
* страда́ть (stradátʹ)
# fibblans
## Swedish
### Noun

fibblans
* definite genitive singular of fibbla
# zatrudniać
## Polish
### Etymology

From zatrudnić +‎ -ać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zaˈtrudɲat͡ɕ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -udɲat͡ɕ
* Syllabification: za‧trud‧niać

### Verb

zatrudniać impf (perfective zatrudnić)
* (transitive) to employ, to hire (to give someone work or a job)
* (reflexive with się) to get employed

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* zatrudniać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* zatrudniać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# överskådligare
## Swedish
### Adjective

överskådligare
* comparative degree of överskådlig
# エンドガミー
## Japanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English endogamy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ẽ̞ndo̞ɡa̠mʲiː]

### Noun

エンドガミー • (endogamī)
* endogamy

#### Synonyms

* 同(どう)族(ぞく)結(けっ)婚(こん) (dōzoku kekkon)
# произошла
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pʲɪzdə(j)ɪbən]

### Verb

произошла́ • (proizošlá)
* feminine singular past indicative perfective of произойти́ (proizojtí)
# gråfibbla
## Swedish
### Etymology

Compound of grå +‎ fibbla.

### Noun

gråfibbla c
* mouse-ear hawkweed, Pilosella officinarum

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | gråfibbla | gråfibblas |
| singular | definite | gråfibblan | gråfibblans |
| plural | indefinite | gråfibblor | gråfibblors |
| plural | definite | gråfibblorna | gråfibblornas |

### Further reading

* gråfibbla in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
# hästfibblan
## Swedish
### Noun

hästfibblan
* definite singular of hästfibbla
# hästfibblor
## Swedish
### Noun

hästfibblor
* indefinite plural of hästfibbla
# hästfibblas
## Swedish
### Noun

hästfibblas
* indefinite genitive singular of hästfibbla
# hästfibblans
## Swedish
### Noun

hästfibblans
* definite genitive singular of hästfibbla
# air batu campur
## Malay
### Etymology

Compound of air batu (“ice”) +‎ campur (“mixed”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [a.je(r) ba.tu t͡ʃam.po(r)]

### Noun

air batu campur (initialism ABC)
* A type of dessert that is made from a mixture shaved ice and various other things such as red bean as cendol.

### References

* “air batu campur” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# Kusaie
## English
### Proper noun

Kusaie
* Alternative form of Kosrae
# tharamsa
## Irish
### Etymology

tharam +‎ -sa

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhaɾˠəmˠsˠə/, /ˈhɑɾˠəmˠsˠə/

### Pronoun

tharamsa
* first-person singular emphatic of thar

### References

* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 136

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

tharam +‎ -sa

### Pronoun

tharamsa
* over me (emphatic)
* beyond me (emphatic)
    Tha an ceist sin tharamsa. ― That question is beyond me.

#### See also

* fhèin