# 忡

| 忡 | U+5FE1, &#24545; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FE1 |
| ← 忠 [U+5FE0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 忢 → [U+5FE2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

忡 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 心中 (PL), four-corner 9500$_6$, composition ⿰忄中)
* a sad, uneasy countenance

#### Derived characters

* 浺

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 377, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10354
* Dae Jaweon: page 705, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2276, character 10
* Unihan data for U+5FE1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 忡
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 中 | *tuŋ, *tuŋs |
| 忠 | *tuŋ |
| 衷 | *tuŋ, *tuŋs |
| 忡 | *tʰuŋ |
| 浺 | *tʰuŋ |
| 盅 | *tʰuŋ, *duŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 种 | *duŋ |
| 沖 | *duŋ |
| 翀 | *duŋ |
| 仲 | *duŋs |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chōng (chong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cung$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chong
*** Wade–Giles: chʻung$^1$
*** Yale: chūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chong
*** Palladius: чун (čun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cung$^1$
*** Yale: chūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: trhjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 忡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 徹 (10) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 敕中切 |
| Baxter | trhjuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈʰɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈʰiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶʰiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈʰuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶʰiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶʰĭuŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶʰi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰruŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰuŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 忡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trhjuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰruŋ/ |
| English | grieved, agitated |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 忡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17412 |
| Phonetic component | 中 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 忡 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰuŋ/ |

### Definitions

忡
* (literary) worried; uneasy; sad; distressed; agitated
* Used in 忡忡 (chōngchōng).

### Compounds

* 忡忡 (chōngchōng)
* 忡然
* 怔忡 (zhēngchōng)
* 怔忡不安
* 憂心忡忡／忧心忡忡 (yōuxīnchōngchōng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ちゅう (chū)、しゅう (shū)、しゅ (shu)
* Kun: うれえる (urēru)

## Korean
### Hanja

忡 (eum 충 (chung))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

忡: Hán Nôm readings: xung
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation