OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# PPA
## English
### Noun

PPA (plural PPAs)
* (computing) Initialism of Personal Package Archive (software repository for managing source packages in Ubuntu)
* Initialism of public place of amusement.

### Proper noun

PPA
* (Philippines) Initialism of Philippine Ports Authority.

### Anagrams

* pap, APP, PAP, App, Pap, app, app.

## French
### Noun

PPA f
* Initialism of parité de pouvoir d’achat = PPP (purchasing power parity)

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peˈpe.a/, [peˈpe.a]

### Noun

PPA (first-person possessive PPAku, second-person possessive PPAmu, third-person possessive PPAnya)
* (healthcare, insurance) Acronym of profesional pemberi asuhan (“care provider professional”).
# Jedyńce
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɛˈdɘɲ.t͡sɛ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɘɲt͡sɛ
* Syllabification: Je‧dyń‧ce

### Proper noun

Jedyńce nvir pl (related adjective jedyniecki)
* Edineț (a city and municipality of Moldova)
# قانغی
## Old Anatolian Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kangï, from Proto-Turkic *ka-.

### Determiner

قَانْغِی (qangı)
* (interrogative) which?
    Synonym: قانسی (qansı)

#### Descendants

* Azerbaijani: (dialectal) hankı
* Ottoman Turkish: (Early Ottoman) قنغی (kangı), هانغی (“hangi”)
** Turkish: hangi
** Gagauz: angı
# विराटनगर
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Nepali बिराटनगर (birāṭnagar). By surface analysis, विराट (virāṭ) +‎ -नगर (-nagar).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʋɪ.ɾɑːʈ.nə.ɡəɾ/, [ʋɪ.ɾäːʈ.nɐ.ɡɐɾ]
* Hyphenation: वि‧राट‧न‧गर
* Rhymes: -əɾ

### Proper noun

विराटनगर • (virāṭnagar) m
* Biratnagar (the capital of Koshi, Nepal)

#### Declension
## Nepali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [biɾäʈɳʌɡ̞ʌr]
* Phonetic Devanagari: बिराटनगर्

### Proper noun

विराटनगर • (virāṭnagar)
* Biratnagar (the capital of Koshi, Nepal)
# lúc
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [lʊwk͡p̚˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [lʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [lʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

### Temporal marker

Function as a preposition before specific time.
lúc=nửa đêm "at midnight"

### Noun

lúc • (𣅶)
* moment, time
# smackers
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

smackers
* plural of smacker

#### Derived terms

* smackeroo, smackeroonies
# スイセン
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of スイセン – see the following entry. :
| 【水仙すいせん】 | [noun] narcissus (any of several bulbous flowering plants, of the genus Narcissus) |
(This term, スイセン (suisen), is the katakana spelling of the above term.) :
# mempelajari
## Indonesian
### Etymology

ajar +‎ memper- -i.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [məmpəlaˈd͡ʒari]

### Verb

mempelajari (passive dipelajari)
* to study
* to investigate
    Synonyms: menelaah, menyelidiki

### Further reading

* “mempelajari” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# distal phalanx
## English
### Noun

distal phalanx (plural distal phalanges)
* Alternative spelling of distal phalange
# 苗竹
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mèu-chuk
    (Hailu, HRS): miau zhug
    (Meixian, Guangdong): miau$^2$ zug$^5$
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mèu-chuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: meu$^ˇ$ zug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: meu$^2$ zug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /meu̯¹¹ t͡suk̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: miau zhug
*** Sinological IPA: /miau⁵⁵ t͡ʃuk⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: miau$^2$ zug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /miau¹¹ t͡sʊk̚¹/

### Noun

苗竹
* (Hakka) moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 毛竹, 南竹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 毛竹, 孟宗竹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 南竹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 毛竹, 南竹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 毛竹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 南竹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 毛竹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 茅竹 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 大頭竹 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 毛竹 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 毛竹 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 毛竹 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 茅竹, 苗竹 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 苗狸竹, 苗竹 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 孟宗竹, 苗竹 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 苗狸竹 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 苗狸竹 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 苗狸竹 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 苗眉竹, 苗竹 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 苗兒竹, 埋兒竹, 苗竹 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 苗眉竹, 苗竹 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 苗兒竹, 苗竹 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 毛竹 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 麻竹 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 麻竹 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 毛竹 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 貓兒竹, 貓兒 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 貓兒竹 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 貓兒 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 麻兒 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 貓兒竹仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 貓兒竹 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 麻竹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 南竹, 毛竹 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 毛竹 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 毛竹 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 毛竹 |
| Wu | Danyang | 毛竹 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 毛竹 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 毛竹 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 茅竹 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 毛竹, 毛竹兒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 南竹, 南竹子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 南竹 |
# 蒜仁
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): suànrén
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄢˋ ㄖㄣˊ
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): son-yìn
    (Hailu, HRS): son$^ˇ$ rhin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: suànrén
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄢˋ ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: suànrén
*** Wade–Giles: suan$^4$-jên$^2$
*** Yale: swàn-rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suannren
*** Palladius: суаньжэнь (suanʹžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /su̯än⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: son-yìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: son in$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: son$^4$ yin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /son⁵⁵ in¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: son-yìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: son (r)in$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: son$^4$ yin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /son⁵⁵ (j)in¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: son$^ˇ$ rhin
*** Sinological IPA: /son¹¹ ʒin⁵⁵/

### Noun

蒜仁
* peeled garlic; garlic clove
* (Hakka) head of garlic; bulb of garlic

#### Synonyms

* (peeled garlic): (dialectal) 蒜米 (suànmǐ)
* (garlic clove): 蒜瓣 (suànbàn)
* 蒜頭／蒜头 (suàntóu)
# きんだんのかじつ
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of きんだんのかじつ – see the following entry. :
| 【禁断の果実】 | [noun] (biblical) forbidden fruit |
(This term, きんだんのかじつ (kindannokajitsu), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# 振り撒く
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 振 | 撒 |
| ふ Grade: S | ま Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɸɯ̟ɾʲima̠kɯ̟]

### Verb

振(ふ)り撒(ま)く • (furimaku)
* to sprinkle; to scatter; to lavish

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 振り撒か | ふりまか | furimaka |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 振り撒き | ふりまき | furimaki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 振り撒く | ふりまく | furimaku |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 振り撒く | ふりまく | furimaku |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 振り撒け | ふりまけ | furimake |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 振り撒け | ふりまけ | furimake |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 振り撒かれる | ふりまかれる | furimakareru |
| Causative | 振り撒かせる 振り撒かす | ふりまかせる ふりまかす | furimakaseru furimakasu |
| Potential | 振り撒ける | ふりまける | furimakeru |
| Volitional | 振り撒こう | ふりまこう | furimakō |
| Negative | 振り撒かない | ふりまかない | furimakanai |
| Negative continuative | 振り撒かず | ふりまかず | furimakazu |
| Formal | 振り撒きます | ふりまきます | furimakimasu |
| Perfective | 振り撒いた | ふりまいた | furimaita |
| Conjunctive | 振り撒いて | ふりまいて | furimaite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 振り撒けば | ふりまけば | furimakeba |
# 𡈼

| 𡈼 | U+2123C, &#135740; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2123C |
| ← 𡈻 [U+2123B] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B | 𡈽 → [U+2123D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

𡈼 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹土 (HG), composition ⿱丿土)

#### Derived characters

* 望, 呈, 廷, 聽

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 223, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 416, character 2
* Unihan data for U+2123C

## Chinese
### Etymology 1

Related to 挺 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “to stick out, straighten up; straight, stiff; quite”); see there for more (STEDT).

#### Glyph origin

Pictogram (象形) : A human (亻) standing on soil (土).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tǐng (ting$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄥˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tǐng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tǐng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻing$^3$
*** Yale: tǐng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiing
*** Palladius: тин (tin)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiŋ²¹⁴/
* Middle Chinese: thengX
Rime :
| Character | 𡈼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 他鼎切 |
| Baxter | thengX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰeŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰeŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɛŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰɛjŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰeŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰieŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tʰieŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tǐng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ting$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤeŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰeːŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 𡈼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tǐng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ theng$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ˁeŋʔ/ |
| English | good (Shuōwén) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 𡈼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Phonetic component | 廷 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 珽 |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ʰeːŋʔ/ |
| Notes | extrapolated |

#### Definitions

𡈼
* Original form of 挺 (tǐng).

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 𡈼 – see 壬 (“the ninth of the ten heavenly stems; crafty; fawning; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 壬).

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 𡈼 – see 王 (“king; monarch; duke; prince; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 王).

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 𡈼 – see 莛 (“an erect stalk of a herbaceous plant that supports its flower/fruit or inflorescence”). (This character is a variant form of 莛).

### Etymology 5

* For pronunciation and definitions of 𡈼 – see 徵 (“to convene; to assemble; to collect; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 徵).

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), C01601
# memperlengkapi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From lengkap +‎ memper- -i

### Verb

memperlengkapi
* to complement (to make complete)
* to equip
# प्रयुक्त
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रयुक्त (prayukta).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /pɾə.jʊkt̪/, [pɾɐ.jʊkt̪]

### Adjective

प्रयुक्त • (prayukt) (indeclinable)
* used, applied
    (Can we add an example for this sense?)
* joined, attached, bound
    (Can we add an example for this sense?)
# wingeard
## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *wīnagard.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwiːnˌjæ͜ɑrd/, [ˈwiːnˌjæ͜ɑrˠd]

### Noun

wīnġeard m
* vineyard
** late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
    Hit is weliġ þis ēalond on wæstmum ⁊ on trēowum misenlīcra cynna; ⁊ hit is ġesċræpe on lǣwe sċēapa ⁊ nēata; ⁊ on sumum stōwum wīnġeardas grōwaþ.This island is rich in fruits and trees of various kinds; and it is suitable for the pasture of sheep and cattle; and in some places vineyards grow.

#### Descendants

* Middle English: vyneȝerd, vyneyerd, vineyarde, vineȝard, vynȝerde, vineȝerd, vyneȝeerd, vyneȝerde, vyneȝard, vyne-ȝarde, vynȝerd, wynȝard, viyn ȝerd, wineyerd, vineyard, vyneȝorde, winȝeard, win ȝard, winyard, winiærd
** English: vineyard
** Scots: vinyaird
# بے مثال
## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian بی مثال (be-misāl). By surface analysis, بے (be) +‎ مِثال (misāl).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /beː mɪ.sɑːl/

### Adjective

بے مِثال • (be misāl) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling बेमिसाल)
* unexampled, incomparable

### Further reading

* “مثال بے مثال”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
# sjuksköterska
## Swedish
### Etymology

sjuk +‎ sköterska

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²ɧʉːkˌɧøːtɛrska/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

sjuksköterska c
* a nurse
    Synonym: sjuksyster
** a senior nurse (ward nurse with university degree)

#### Usage notes

* In Sweden, the title is used for female and male nurses alike, despite the female ending -erska. In Finland Swedish, the term sjukskötare is used instead.

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | sjuksköterska | sjuksköterskas |
| singular | definite | sjuksköterskan | sjuksköterskans |
| plural | indefinite | sjuksköterskor | sjuksköterskors |
| plural | definite | sjuksköterskorna | sjuksköterskornas |

#### Related terms

* specialistsjuksköterska
* undersköterska

### References

* sjuksköterska in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* sjuksköterska in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* sjuksköterska in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Svensk MeSH
# Demospongiae
## Translingual
### Etymology

New Latin plural of Demospongia.

### Proper noun

Demospongiae
* A taxonomic class within the phylum Porifera – very many sponges.

#### Hypernyms

* (class): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Porifera – phylum

#### Hyponyms

* (class): Ceractinomorpha, Homoscleromorpha, Tetractinomorpha - orders in some systems
** Agelasida, Astrophorida, Chondrosiida, Dendroceratida, Dictyoceratida, Hadromerida, Halichondrida, Haplosclerida, Lithistida, Poecilosclerida, Spirophorida, Verongiida - orders

### References

* Demospongiae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Demospongiae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Demospongiae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons 1 2 3 Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly N, Bourgoin T, Brusca RC, et al. (2015) A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248. PMID 25923521, →DOI
# سر سوزن
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ˈsa.ɾi soː.ˈzɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sǽ.ɾɪ soː.zɑ́ːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sǽ.ɾɪ soː.zɑ́ːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sǽ.ɾɪ soː.zɑ́ːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sǽ.ɾi sʊː.zɔ́ːn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sǽ.ɹe suː.zɒ́ːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sǽ.ɾi sɵ.zɔ́n]

### Noun

سر سوزن • (sar-e suzân)
* (literally) point of a needle
* (figuratively) an inch, an iota; metaphor for something small and trifling.

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “سر سوزن”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# grävmaskin
## Swedish
### Etymology

gräva +‎ maskin, used in Swedish since 1872.

### Noun

grävmaskin c
* an excavator

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | grävmaskin | grävmaskins |
| singular | definite | grävmaskinen | grävmaskinens |
| plural | indefinite | grävmaskiner | grävmaskiners |
| plural | definite | grävmaskinerna | grävmaskinernas |

#### Synonyms

* grävare
* grävskopa

#### Related terms

* grävmaskinist
* grävmaskinsförare

### References

* grävmaskin in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* grävmaskin in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# kamaxel
## Swedish
### Etymology

kam +‎ axel

### Noun

kamaxel c
* a camshaft
    överliggande kamaxeloverhead camshaft

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | kamaxel | kamaxels |
| singular | definite | kamaxeln | kamaxelns |
| plural | indefinite | kamaxlar | kamaxlars |
| plural | definite | kamaxlarna | kamaxlarnas |

### References

* kamaxel in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* kamaxel in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# bakaxel
## Swedish
### Etymology

bak (“back”) +‎ axel (“axle”)

### Noun

bakaxel c
* a rear axle (attached to the rear wheel(s) of a vehicle)
    Antonym: framaxel

#### Declension

| | | nominative | genitive |
| singular | indefinite | bakaxel | bakaxels |
| singular | definite | bakaxeln | bakaxelns |
| plural | indefinite | bakaxlar | bakaxlars |
| plural | definite | bakaxlarna | bakaxlarnas |

#### See also

* bakvagn
* hjulupphängning (“wheel suspension”)

### References

* bakaxel in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* bakaxel in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* bakaxel in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# s—
## English
### Interjection

s—
* Censored spelling of shit.

### Noun

s— (plural s—s)
* Censored spelling of shit.
** 2024 January 10, Hannah Dailey, “GloRilla Reveals She Made a 90-Day Celibacy Pledge — and She’s Already Struggling: ‘Send Help’”, in Billboard‎:“Started my 90 day celibacy lil s— for new year’s or wtv,” she [GloRilla] wrote on X. “I’m on da 9th day & my vision blurry af !!!!! Send help😭”

### Verb

s— (third-person singular simple present s—s, present participle s—ing, simple past and past participle s— or s—ed)
* Censored spelling of shit.
# korallblekningens
## Swedish
### Noun

korallblekningens
* definite genitive singular of korallblekning
# COYH
## English
### Etymology

From COY- +‎ Hatters, COY- +‎ Hammers or COY- +‎ Hornets.

### Interjection

COYH
* (soccer) Initialism of come on you Hatters. (used by supporters of Luton Town F.C.)
* (soccer) Initialism of come on you Hammers. (used by supporters of West Ham United F.C.)
* (soccer) Initialism of come on you Hornets. (used by supporters of Watford F.C.)
# щебень
## Eastern Mari
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ще́бень (ščébenʹ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɕːebeɲ/
* Rhymes: -ebeɲ
* Hyphenation: ще‧бень

### Noun

щебень • (ŝebeń)
* crushed stone, gravel
    Synonyms: шаргӱ (šargü), щебёнко (ŝebjonko)

#### Declension
### References

* J. Bradley et al. (2023) “щебень”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

## Russian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to scratch”). Related to ско́бель (skóbelʹ, “shaving/drawing knife, spokeshave”), скобли́ть (skoblítʹ, “to scrape, to scrub”), щебло́ (ščebló, “splinter, chip”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɕːebʲɪnʲ]

### Noun

ще́бень • (ščébenʹ) m inan (genitive ще́бня, nominative plural ще́бни, genitive plural ще́бней)
* crushed stone, road metal
    кирпи́чный/клинкерный ще́бень ― kirpíčnyj/klinkernyj ščébenʹ ― broken brick
    мости́ть ще́бнем ― mostítʹ ščébnem ― to metal
* (geology) detritus

#### Derived terms

* щебёнка f (ščebjónka)

#### Related terms

* ско́бель m (skóbelʹ)
* скобли́ть impf (skoblítʹ)

##### Borrowed

* cкабрёзный (ckabrjóznyj)
* ша́бер m (šáber)

#### Descendants

* → Eastern Mari: щебень (ŝebeń)

### References

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “щебень”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
# frapper
## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French frapper, from Old French fraper, frapper (“to deliver a blow to someone, hit, strike”), from Frankish *hrapōn (“to snatch, scuffle”), from Proto-Germanic *hrapōną, *hrapjaną (“to touch, scratch”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krep-, *(s)kreb- (“to scratch, engrave”). Cognate with Old High German hraffōn (“to take over, seize”) (whence German raffen (“to gather up, heap”)), Old English hreppan (“to touch, treat”), Old Norse hrappa (“to handle roughly”), North Frisian rippe (“to move, stir”).
For the Romance substitution of [fr] for Germanic [xr] compare also freux, froc, frimas, etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fʁa.pe/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

frapper
* to hit, to strike, to bash
    Il m’a frappé le bras. ― He hit me on the arm.
* to knock (e.g. on a door)
** 1978, “Aimer d'amour”, performed by Boule Noire:L’amour ne vient pas souvent / Frapper au bon moment / Quand il vient te voir / Faut savoir le recevoirLove does not often come / Knocking at the right moment / When it comes to see you / You must know how to let it in
** 2006, “Un Ange Frappe À Ma Porte”, in Longueur D'Ondes, performed by Natasha St. Pier:Un ange frappe à ma porteAn angel knocks at my door
* to bang (to get attention)
* (music) to beat time (as a conductor)
* (music) to strike (a chord)
* to strike down
    frappé par Dieu ― struck down by God
* to hit (to affect by a punishment)
* (figuratively) to strike
    frapper l’imagination ― to strike the imagination.
* (bartending) to shake

#### Derived terms

* frapper à la bonne porte
* frappé au coin du bon sens
* frapper un ennemi à terre
* frapper les grands coups
* frapper monnaie
* frappe
* frappoir

#### Descendants

* → German: frappieren
* → Polish: frapować

### Further reading

* “frapper”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Middle French
### Alternative forms

* fraper

### Verb

frapper
* to hit; to strike

#### Conjugation

* Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

#### Descendants

* French: frapper
# tsittsige
## Hausa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /(t)sʼí(t)sʼ.(t)sʼí.ɡèː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [sʼɪ́sʼ.sʼɪ́.ɟèː]

### Noun

tsittsigḕ m (plural tsìgā̀tsìgai, possessed form tsittsigèn)
* A small treestump
# šūdas
## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ˈʃuːdɐs/
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

šū́das m (plural šū́dai) stress pattern 1
* (vulgar) shit (solid excretory product evacuated from the bowel)
** 2017, Artūras Žilis, Atpirkimas | Kartą Lietuvoje: Romanai:Ar girdėjot, kad naujas Britnės albumas toks šūdas […] ?Have you heard that Britney's new album is such shit […] ?

#### Declension
### Interjection

šū́das
* (vulgar) shit! (expression of terror, anger or shock)
# Knoll
## English
### Proper noun

Knoll
* A surname from German

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Knoll is the 3,697th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 9,608 individuals. Knoll is most common among White (94.74%) individuals.

## Czech
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈknol]

### Proper noun

Knoll m anim (female equivalent Knollová)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Knoll”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Old High German knollo, from Proto-Germanic *knudan-, *knudla-, *knulla- (“lump”), possibly related to Old English cnotta.
Cognate with German Knolle, English knoll, Dutch knol, Swedish knöl.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /knol/
** Rhymes: -ol

### Noun

Knoll f (plural Knollen)
* (botany) bulb
* (botany) tuber

### References

* ↑ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

### Further reading

* “Knoll” in Duden online
# moo shu
## English
### Alternative forms

* mu shu, mu xu, mu-shu, moo shoo

### Etymology

Borrowed from Mandarin 木須／木须 (mùxū).

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˈmu.ʃu/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

moo shu (uncountable)
* A dish of northern Chinese origin and staple of American Chinese cuisine, consisting mainly of egg, vegetables, and a meat such as pork.
** [1988 November 25, Patricia Davis, “ASIAN RESTAURANT WORKERS GIVE THANKS FOR A LITTLE RR”, in The Washington Post‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-07-23‎:While much of the nation was eating turkey and trimmings today, many of those who sell mo shu pork and kung po chicken for a living ventured to this resort city for a day of rest and relaxation.]