OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 超級明星
## Chinese

| | | super; hyper; ultrasuper; hyper; ultra; extremely; very; highly | celebrity; star; bright star |
| trad. (超級明星) | trad. (超級明星) | 超級 | 明星 |
| simp. (超级明星) | simp. (超级明星) | 超级 | 明星 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chāojí míngxīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄠ ㄐㄧˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu$^1$ kap$^1$ ming$^4$ sing$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chāojí míngxīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄠ ㄐㄧˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chaojí míngsing
*** Wade–Giles: chʻao$^1$-chi$^2$ ming$^2$-hsing$^1$
*** Yale: chāu-jí míng-syīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaujyi mingshing
*** Palladius: чаоцзи минсин (čaoczi minsin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ miŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ciu$^1$ kap$^1$ ming$^4$ sing$^1$
*** Yale: chīu kāp mìhng sīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu$^1$ kap$^7$ ming$^4$ sing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qiu$^1$ keb$^1$ ming$^4$ xing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚⁵ mɪŋ²¹ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

### Noun

超級明星
* superstar

#### Synonyms

* 巨星 (jùxīng)
# 通商
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tōngshāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥ ㄕㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^1$ soeng$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thûng-sông
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thong-siong / thong-siang
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tōngshāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ ㄕㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tongshang
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^1$-shang$^1$
*** Yale: tūng-shāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tongshang
*** Palladius: туншан (tunšan)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^1$ soeng$^1$
*** Yale: tūng sēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^1$ soeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^1$ sêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ sœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thûng-sông
*** Hakka Romanization System: tung$^ˊ$ song$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tung$^1$ song$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-siong
*** Tâi-lô: thong-siong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tongsiofng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ³³ siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-siang
*** Tâi-lô: thong-siang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tongsiafng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siaŋ⁴⁴/

### Verb

通商
* (of nations, regions, etc.) to have trade relations

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 通 | 商 |
| つう Grade: 2 | しょう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つうしょー [tsùúshóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨːɕo̞ː]

### Noun

通(つう)商(しょう) • (tsūshō)
* foreign commerce, trade

### Verb

通(つう)商(しょう)する • (tsūshō suru) intransitive suru (stem 通(つう)商(しょう)し (tsūshō shi), past 通(つう)商(しょう)した (tsūshō shita))
* engage in international trade

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 通商し | つうしょうし | tsūshō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 通商し | つうしょうし | tsūshō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 通商する | つうしょうする | tsūshō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 通商する | つうしょうする | tsūshō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 通商すれ | つうしょうすれ | tsūshō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 通商せよ¹ 通商しろ² | つうしょうせよ¹ つうしょうしろ² | tsūshō seyo¹ tsūshō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 通商される | つうしょうされる | tsūshō sareru |
| Causative | 通商させる 通商さす | つうしょうさせる つうしょうさす | tsūshō saseru tsūshō sasu |
| Potential | 通商できる | つうしょうできる | tsūshō dekiru |
| Volitional | 通商しよう | つうしょうしよう | tsūshō shiyō |
| Negative | 通商しない | つうしょうしない | tsūshō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 通商せず | つうしょうせず | tsūshō sezu |
| Formal | 通商します | つうしょうします | tsūshō shimasu |
| Perfective | 通商した | つうしょうした | tsūshō shita |
| Conjunctive | 通商して | つうしょうして | tsūshō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 通商すれば | つうしょうすれば | tsūshō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 通 | 商 |

### Noun

通商 • (tongsang) (hangeul 통상)
* hanja form of 통상
# 通城
## Chinese

* 通城 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 通城 (Cantonese)
* 通城 (Gan)
* Thong-siâⁿ-koān (Southern Min)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Tōngchéng
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥ ㄔㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^1$ sing$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Tōngchéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Tongchéng
*** Wade–Giles: Tʻung$^1$-chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: Tūng-chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tongcherng
*** Palladius: Тунчэн (Tunčɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^1$ sing$^4$
*** Yale: tūng sìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^1$ sing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^1$ xing$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

### Proper noun

通城
* (～縣) Tongcheng (a county of Xianning, Hubei, China)
* (～鎮) Tongcheng (a town in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)
# 踕

| 踕 | U+8E15, &#36373; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8E15 |
| ← 踔 [U+8E14] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 踖 → [U+8E16] |

## Translingual
### Han character

踕 (Kangxi radical 157, 足+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 口一十中人 (RMJLO), four-corner 6518$_1$, composition ⿰𧾷疌)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1227, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37619
* Dae Jaweon: page 1700, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3714, character 5
* Unihan data for U+8E15

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 疀 | *sʰreːb |
| 萐 | *zreːb, *sreːb, *sreb |
| 箑 | *sreːb, *sreb |
| 啑 | *sraːb, *tiːɡs |
| 睫 | *ʔseb |
| 婕 | *ʔseb |
| 緁 | *sʰeb |
| 捷 | *zeb |
| 疌 | *zeb |
| 寁 | *ʔsuːmʔ, *zeb |
| 倢 | *zeb |
| 崨 | *zeb |
| 踕 | *zeb |
| 誱 | *zeb |
| 徢 | *seːb |
| 蜨 | *seːb |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jié (jie$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zit$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jié
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jié
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^2$
*** Yale: jyé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye
*** Palladius: цзе (cze)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zit$^6$
*** Yale: jiht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzit$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːt̚²/
* Middle Chinese: dzjep
Rime :
| Character | 踕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 葉 (155) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 疾葉切 |
| Baxter | dzjep |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ziᴇp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ziɛp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zjæp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ziap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ziɛp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭɛp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi̯ɛp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jié |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zip$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zeb/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 踕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6455 |
| Phonetic component | 疌 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 捷 |
| Old Chinese | /*zeb/ |
| Notes | 見史記 |

### Definitions

踕
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
# 踘

| 踘 | U+8E18, &#36376; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8E18 |
| ← 踗 [U+8E17] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 踙 → [U+8E19] |

## Translingual
### Han character

踘 (Kangxi radical 157, 足+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 口一心火木 (RMPFD), four-corner 6712$_0$, composition ⿰𧾷匊)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1228, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37627
* Dae Jaweon: page 1700, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3718, character 7
* Unihan data for U+8E18

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 菊 | *kuɡ |
| 鞠 | *kuɡ, *kʰuɡ, *ɡuɡ |
| 掬 | *kluɡ |
| 匊 | *kluɡ |
| 鵴 | *kuɡ, *ɡuɡ |
| 椈 | *kuɡ |
| 諊 | *kuɡ |
| 踘 | *kuɡ, *ɡuɡ |
| 趜 | *kuɡ, *ɡuɡ |
| 蘜 | *kuɡ |
| 鞫 | *kuɡ |
| 巈 | *kuɡ |
| 麴 | *kʰuɡ |
| 毱 | *ɡuɡ |
| 驧 | *ɡuɡ |

### Definitions

* For pronunciation and definitions of 踘 – see 鞠 (“leather ball used in games; to bend; to curve; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 鞠).
# 足手まとい
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 足 | 手 |
| あし Grade: 1 | て Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 足手纏い
Kanji in this term :
| 足 | 手 |
| あし Grade: 1 | て > で Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 足手纏い

### Etymology

Literally, “hand and foot are tied”.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あしてまとい [àshítémáꜜtòì] (Nakadaka – [4])
* IPA: [a̠ɕi̥te̞ma̠to̞i]
* (Tokyo) あしでまとい [àshídémáꜜtòì] (Nakadaka – [4])
* IPA: [a̠ɕide̞ma̠to̞i]

### Noun

足(あし)手(て)まとい or 足(あし)手(で)まとい • (ashitematoi or ashidematoi)
* burden, impediment
    足手(あしで)まといになる
       ashidematoi ni naru
       to become a burden

### Adjective

足(あし)手(て)まとい or 足(あし)手(で)まとい • (ashitematoi or ashidematoi) -na (adnominal 足(あし)手(て)まといな (ashitematoi na), adverbial 足(あし)手(て)まといに (ashitematoi ni))
* Same as above

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 足手まといだろ | あしでまといだろ | ashidematoi daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 足手まといで | あしでまといで | ashidematoi de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 足手まといだ | あしでまといだ | ashidematoi da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 足手まといな | あしでまといな | ashidematoi na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 足手まといなら | あしでまといなら | ashidematoi nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 足手まといであれ | あしでまといであれ | ashidematoi de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 足手まといではない 足手まといじゃない | あしでまといではない あしでまといじゃない | ashidematoi de wa nai ashidematoi ja nai |
| Informal past | 足手まといだった | あしでまといだった | ashidematoi datta |
| Informal negative past | 足手まといではなかった 足手まといじゃなかった | あしでまといではなかった あしでまといじゃなかった | ashidematoi de wa nakatta ashidematoi ja nakatta |
| Formal | 足手まといです | あしでまといです | ashidematoi desu |
| Formal negative | 足手まといではありません 足手まといじゃありません | あしでまといではありません あしでまといじゃありません | ashidematoi de wa arimasen ashidematoi ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 足手まといでした | あしでまといでした | ashidematoi deshita |
| Formal negative past | 足手まといではありませんでした 足手まといじゃありませんでした | あしでまといではありませんでした あしでまといじゃありませんでした | ashidematoi de wa arimasen deshita ashidematoi ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 足手まといで | あしでまといで | ashidematoi de |
| Conditional | 足手まといなら（ば） | あしでまといなら（ば） | ashidematoi nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 足手まといだったら | あしでまといだったら | ashidematoi dattara |
| Volitional | 足手まといだろう | あしでまといだろう | ashidematoi darō |
| Adverbial | 足手まといに | あしでまといに | ashidematoi ni |
| Degree | 足手まといさ | あしでまといさ | ashidematoisa |

### References

* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
# 過怠料
## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 過 | 怠 | 料 |

### Noun

過怠料 • (gwataeryo) (hangeul 과태료)
* hanja form of 과태료 (“administrative fine”)
# 輝男
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 輝 | 男 |
| てる Grade: S | お Grade: 1 |

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [te̞ɾɯ̟o̞]

### Proper noun

輝(てる)男(お) • (Teruo)
* a male given name
# 辅弼
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 辅弼 – see 輔弼 (“to assist; counsellor; prime minister”). (This term is the simplified form of 輔弼).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 辅助货币
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 辅助货币 – see 輔助貨幣 (“fractional currency; fractional money; coins; small denomination currency”). (This term is the simplified form of 輔助貨幣).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 退治
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 退 | 治 |
| たい Grade: 6 | じ Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | goon |
* Alternative spelling
* 対治

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たいじ [táꜜìjì] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) たいじ [tàíjí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ta̠iʑi]

### Noun

退(たい)治(じ) • (taiji)
* stamping out, wiping out
* exterminating pests

### Verb

退(たい)治(じ)する • (taiji suru) suru (stem 退(たい)治(じ)し (taiji shi), past 退(たい)治(じ)した (taiji shita))
* stamp out, eradicate
* exterminate

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 退治し | たいじし | taiji shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 退治し | たいじし | taiji shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 退治する | たいじする | taiji suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 退治する | たいじする | taiji suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 退治すれ | たいじすれ | taiji sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 退治せよ¹ 退治しろ² | たいじせよ¹ たいじしろ² | taiji seyo¹ taiji shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 退治される | たいじされる | taiji sareru |
| Causative | 退治させる 退治さす | たいじさせる たいじさす | taiji saseru taiji sasu |
| Potential | 退治できる | たいじできる | taiji dekiru |
| Volitional | 退治しよう | たいじしよう | taiji shiyō |
| Negative | 退治しない | たいじしない | taiji shinai |
| Negative continuative | 退治せず | たいじせず | taiji sezu |
| Formal | 退治します | たいじします | taiji shimasu |
| Perfective | 退治した | たいじした | taiji shita |
| Conjunctive | 退治して | たいじして | taiji shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 退治すれば | たいじすれば | taiji sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### See also

* 退(たい)治(じ)る (taijiru)
* 退治屋(たいじや) (taijiya)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
# 进去
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 进去 – see 進去 (“to go in; to enter; to be put in prison; to be locked up; etc.”). (This term is the simplified form of 進去).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 这帮
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 这帮 – see 這幫 (“this time; now; the present time; the present moment; the current time”). (This term is the simplified form of 這幫).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 透氣
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tòuqì
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄡˋ ㄑㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tau$^3$ hei$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): théu-hi
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thàu-khì / thàu-khùi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tòuqì
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄡˋ ㄑㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tòucì
*** Wade–Giles: tʻou$^4$-chʻi$^4$
*** Yale: tòu-chì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: towchih
*** Palladius: тоуци (touci)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tòuqìr
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄡˋ ㄑㄧˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tòucìr
*** Wade–Giles: tʻou$^4$-chʻi$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: tòu-chìr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: towchiell
*** Palladius: тоуцир (toucir)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰiə̯ɻ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tau$^3$ hei$^3$
*** Yale: tau hei
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tau$^3$ hei$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: teo$^3$ héi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɐu̯³³ hei̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: théu-hi
*** Hakka Romanization System: teu$^ˋ$ hi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: teu$^3$ hi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰeu̯³¹ hi⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàu-khì / thàu-khùi
*** Tâi-lô: thàu-khì / thàu-khuì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tao'qix, tao'quix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰau²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/, /tʰau²¹⁻⁵³ kʰui²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰi⁴¹/, /tʰau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰui⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰau²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/, /tʰau²¹⁻⁵³ kʰui²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰau¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰi¹¹/, /tʰau¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰui¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰau²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰi²¹/, /tʰau²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰui²¹/

### Verb

透氣
* to let fresh air in; to air; to ventilate; (of air) to flow freely
* to breathe; to breathe in fresh air
* (figurative) to disclose information; to communicate freely

#### Synonyms

* (to ventilate): 通氣／通气 (tōngqì)
* (to breathe):
* 吸氣／吸气 (xīqì, “to inhale”)
* 呼吸 (hūxī)
* 呼氣／呼气 (hūqì, “to exhale”)
* 喘氣／喘气 (chuǎnqì, “to pant or, in Hokkien, to breathe”)
* 嗍氣／嗍气 (“to inhale”) (Taishanese)

#### Derived terms

* 透氣性／透气性
# 郎溪
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Lángxī
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˊ ㄒㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): long$^4$ kai$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Lángxī
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Lángsi
*** Wade–Giles: Lang$^2$-hsi$^1$
*** Yale: Láng-syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Langshi
*** Palladius: Ланси (Lansi)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑŋ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: long$^4$ kai$^1$
*** Yale: lòhng kāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: long$^4$ kai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: long$^4$ kei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːŋ²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

郎溪
* (～縣) Langxi (a county of Xuancheng, Anhui, China)
# 郎當
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lángdāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˊ ㄉㄤ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lángdāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ ㄉㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lángdang
*** Wade–Giles: lang$^2$-tang$^1$
*** Yale: láng-dāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: langdang
*** Palladius: ландан (landan)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑŋ³⁵ tɑŋ⁵⁵/

### Adjective

郎當
* (of clothes) too large; baggy
* abject; down and out; wretched
* dejected; despondent; dispirited
* slack; messy; sloppy
    吊兒郎當／吊儿郎当 ― diào'érlángdāng ― snobbish; slovenly
* tired; feeble
* cowardly

#### Derived terms

* 吊兒郎當／吊儿郎当

### Noun

郎當
* Alternative form of 鋃鐺／锒铛 (lángdāng)

### Phrase

郎當
* (colloquial, of age) or so
    二十郎當／二十郎当 ― èrshí lángdāng ― twentysomething
# 郎罢
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 郎罢 – see 郎爸 (“father”). (This term is the simplified form of 郎罷, which is in turn a variant form of 郎爸).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 鉱化
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 鉱 | 化 |
| こう Grade: 5 | か Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 鑛化 (kyūjitai)

### Noun

鉱(こう)化(か) • (kōka)
* mineralization

### Verb

鉱(こう)化(か)する • (kōka suru) suru (stem 鉱(こう)化(か)し (kōka shi), past 鉱(こう)化(か)した (kōka shita))
* to mineralize

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 鉱化し | こうかし | kōka shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 鉱化し | こうかし | kōka shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 鉱化する | こうかする | kōka suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 鉱化する | こうかする | kōka suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 鉱化すれ | こうかすれ | kōka sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 鉱化せよ¹ 鉱化しろ² | こうかせよ¹ こうかしろ² | kōka seyo¹ kōka shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 鉱化される | こうかされる | kōka sareru |
| Causative | 鉱化させる 鉱化さす | こうかさせる こうかさす | kōka saseru kōka sasu |
| Potential | 鉱化できる | こうかできる | kōka dekiru |
| Volitional | 鉱化しよう | こうかしよう | kōka shiyō |
| Negative | 鉱化しない | こうかしない | kōka shinai |
| Negative continuative | 鉱化せず | こうかせず | kōka sezu |
| Formal | 鉱化します | こうかします | kōka shimasu |
| Perfective | 鉱化した | こうかした | kōka shita |
| Conjunctive | 鉱化して | こうかして | kōka shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 鉱化すれば | こうかすれば | kōka sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||
# 迪肯斯
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Díkěnsī
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˊ ㄎㄣˇ ㄙ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Díkěnsī
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˊ ㄎㄣˇ ㄙ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Díkěnsih
*** Wade–Giles: Ti$^2$-kʻên$^3$-ssŭ$^1$
*** Yale: Dí-kěn-sz̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dyikeensy
*** Palladius: Дикэньсы (Dikɛnʹsy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti³⁵ kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

迪肯斯
* A transliteration of the English surname Dickens
# 重·次轻
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 重·次轻 – see 重·次輕. (This term is the simplified form of 重·次輕).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 重さ
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 重
* おも Grade: 3
* kun'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おもさ [òmósá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [o̞mo̞sa̠]

### Noun

重(おも)さ • (omosa)
* weight

#### Synonyms

* 重量(じゅうりょう) (jūryō)

#### See also

* 単位(たんい) (tan'i): unit
* マイクログラム (maikuroguramu), microgram, symobol: μg
* ミリグラム (miriguramu) milligram, symobol: mg
* グラム (guramu): gram, symobol: g
* キログラム (kiroguramu): kilogram, symobol: kg
* トン (ton): ton, symobol: t
* 体重(たいじゅう) (taijū)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
# 重ね着
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 重 | 着 |
| かさ Grade: 3 | き > ぎ Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 重ね着 – see the following entry. :
| 【かさねぎ】 | [noun] wearing multiple layers [verb] to wear multiple layers Alternative spelling 重着 |
(This term, 重ね着, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# 遗腹
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 遗腹 – see 遺腹 (“being born after the death of one's father; posthumous”). (This term is the simplified form of 遺腹).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 遗祸
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 遗祸 – see 遺禍 (“to leave behind disaster and make people suffer”). (This term is the simplified form of 遺禍).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 遗腹子
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 遗腹子 – see 遺腹子 (“child born after the father's death; posthumous child”). (This term is the simplified form of 遺腹子).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 鏗鏗
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kēngkēng
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄥ ㄎㄥ
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khin-khin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kēngkēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄥ ㄎㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kengkeng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻêng$^1$-kʻêng$^1$
*** Yale: kēng-kēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kengkeng
*** Palladius: кэнкэн (kɛnkɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɤŋ⁵⁵ kʰɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khin-khin
*** Hakka Romanization System: kin kin
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kin$^4$ kin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰin⁵⁵ kʰin⁵⁵/

### Adjective

鏗鏗
* loud and clear (of sound)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 鏗 | 鏗 |
| こう Hyōgai | こう Hyōgai |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spelling
* 鏗々

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーこー [kòókóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞ːko̞ː]

### Adjective

鏗(こう)鏗(こう) • (kōkō) $^†$-tari (adnominal 鏗(こう)鏗(こう)とした (kōkō to shita) or 鏗(こう)鏗(こう)たる (kōkō taru), adverbial 鏗(こう)鏗(こう)と (kōkō to) or 鏗(こう)鏗(こう)として (kōkō to shite))
* (literary) ringing through (of the sound of bells, etc)

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 鏗鏗たら | こうこうたら | koukoutara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 鏗鏗と$^{[1]}$ 鏗鏗たり$^{[2]}$ | こうこうと こうこうたり | koukouto koukoutari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 鏗鏗たり | こうこうたり | koukoutari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 鏗鏗たる | こうこうたる | koukoutaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 鏗鏗たれ | こうこうたれ | koukoutare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 鏗鏗たれ | こうこうたれ | koukoutare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 鏗鏗たらず | こうこうたらず | koukoutarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 鏗鏗たれど | こうこうたれど | koukoutaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 鏗鏗たれば | こうこうたれば | koukoutareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 鏗鏗たらば | こうこうたらば | koukoutaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 鏗鏗たりき | こうこうたりき | koukoutariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 鏗鏗たりけり | こうこうたりけり | koukoutarikeri |
| Adverbial | 鏗鏗と | こうこうと | koukouto |
| $^{[1]}$Without auxiliary verb. $^{[2]}$With auxiliary verb. ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 重击
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 重击 – see 重擊 (“to batter; to strike with a hard blow; major blow or setback”). (This term is the simplified form of 重擊).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.