OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 消损
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 消损 – see 消損 (“to reduce bit by bit; to decrease; to fritter away”). (This term is the simplified form of 消損).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# sfogliatelle
## English
### Noun

sfogliatelle
* plural of sfogliatella

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sfoʎ.ʎaˈtɛl.le/
* Rhymes: -ɛlle
* Hyphenation: sfo‧glia‧tèl‧le

### Noun

sfogliatelle f
* plural of sfogliatella
# ರಣಗೊಲೆ
## Kannada
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾɐɳɐɡole/

### Noun

ರಣಗೊಲೆ • (raṇagole)
* bloodbath
# adwokacinę
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (normal speech) /advɔkaˈt͡ɕinɛ/, (careful speech) /advɔkaˈt͡ɕinɛw̃/
* Rhymes: -inɛw̃
* Syllabification: a‧dwo‧ka‧ci‧nę

### Noun

adwokacinę
* accusative singular of adwokacina
# 淡滨尼
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 淡滨尼 – see 淡濱尼 (“Tampines”). (This term is the simplified form of 淡濱尼).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# جانشین
## Persian
### Etymology

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒɑː.ˈni.ʃiːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɑː.nɪ́.ʃiːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɑː.nɪ́.ʃiːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒɑː.nɪ́.ʃiːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒɔː.ní.ʃin]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɒː.né.ʃiːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɔ.ní.ʃin]

### Noun

جانشین • (jânešin)
* successor
* substitute

## Urdu
### Alternative forms

* جانَشِیں (jānaśī̃)
* جا نَشِیں (jā naśī̃)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian جانشین (jānīšīn)

### Noun

جانَشِین • (jānaśīn) f (Hindi spelling जानशीन)
* heir, successor
    Synonym: وارِث (vāris)
* (by extension) son
* substitute, vicegerent
    Synonym: نائِب (nāib)

#### Derived terms

* جانَشِینی (jānaśīnī, “heirship, succession”)

### References

* “جانشین”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
# جهزتن
## Arabic
### Verb

جهزتن (form II)
* جَهَّزْتُنَّ (jahhaztunna) /d͡ʒah.haz.tun.na/: second-person feminine plural past active of جَهَّزَ (jahhaza)
* جُهِّزْتُنَّ (juhhiztunna) /d͡ʒuh.hiz.tun.na/: second-person feminine plural past passive of جَهَّزَ (jahhaza)
# حصدن
## Arabic
### Verb

حصدن (form I)
* حَصَدْنَ (ḥaṣadna) /ħa.sˤad.na/: third-person feminine plural past active of حَصَدَ (ḥaṣada)
* حُصِدْنَ (ḥuṣidna) /ħu.sˤid.na/: third-person feminine plural past passive of حَصَدَ (ḥaṣada)
# حصر
## Arabic

* Root
* ح ص ر (ḥ ṣ r)
* 14 terms

### Verb

حَصَرَ • (ḥaṣara) I (non-past يَحْصِرُ (yaḥṣiru) or يَحْصُرُ (yaḥṣuru), verbal noun حَصْر (ḥaṣr))
* to restrain
* to cramp, to jam together
* to list, to enroll
* to comprise, to count to its number

#### Conjugation
### Verb

حَصِرَ • (ḥaṣira) I (non-past يَحْصَرُ (yaḥṣaru), verbal noun حَصَر (ḥaṣar))
* to be unable to express oneself, to falter

#### Conjugation
### Noun

حَصْر • (ḥaṣr) m
* verbal noun of حَصَرَ (ḥaṣara) (form I)

#### Declension
### Noun

حَصَر • (ḥaṣar) m
* verbal noun of حَصِرَ (ḥaṣira) (form I)

#### Declension
### Noun

حُصْر • (ḥuṣr) m
* strangury; constipation
# راهبردی
## Persian
### Etymology

From راهبرد (râhbord, “strategy”) +‎ ـی (i).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [rɒːhboɾˈdiː]

### Adjective

راهبردی • (râhbordi) (comparative راهبردی‌تَر (râhbordi-tar), superlative راهبردی‌تَرین (râhbordi-tarin))
* strategic
    Synonyms: استراتژیک (esterâtežik), سوق‌الجیشی (sowq-ol-jeyši)
# حسر
## Arabic

* Root
* ح س ر (ḥ s r)
* 2 terms

### Verb

حَسَرَ • (ḥasara) I (non-past يَحْسُرُ (yaḥsuru), verbal noun حُسُور (ḥusūr))
* (intransitive) to appear, to come into sight
* to be exhausted, to be worn out
* to be very weak
* (transitive) to peel off, to scrape off
* to make an animal (horse, camel etc.) exhausted until it becomes skinny
# حسستن
## Arabic
### Verb

حسستن (form I)
* حَسَسْتُنَّ (ḥasastunna) /ħa.sas.tun.na/: second-person feminine plural past active of حَسَّ (ḥassa, “to freeze; to curry (a horse)”) and حَسَّ (ḥassa, “to be moved with compassion”)
* حُسِسْتُنَّ (ḥusistunna) /ħu.sis.tun.na/: second-person feminine plural past passive of حَسَّ (ḥassa, “to freeze; to curry (a horse)”) and حَسَّ (ḥassa, “to feel, to perceive”)
* حَسِسْتُنَّ (ḥasistunna) /ħa.sis.tun.na/: second-person feminine plural past active of حَسَّ (ḥassa, “to feel, to perceive”)
# حطاب
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

* Root
* ح ط ب (ḥ ṭ b)
* 2 terms
Occupational noun from حَطَب (ḥaṭab, “firewood”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħatˤ.tˤaːb/

#### Noun

حَطَّاب • (ḥaṭṭāb) m
* lumberjack
* a seller of firewood

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

حَطَّاب • (ḥaṭṭāb) (feminine حَطَّابَة (ḥaṭṭāba), masculine plural حَطَّابُونَ (ḥaṭṭābūna), feminine plural حَطَّابَات (ḥaṭṭābāt))
* lumberjack
# حماق
## Arabic

* Root
* ح م ق (ḥ m q)
* 3 terms

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.maːq/, /ħu.maːq/

### Noun

حَمَاق or حُمَاق • (ḥamāq or ḥumāq) m
* chicken pox
    Synonyms: جُدَيْرِيّ (judayriyy), جُدَرِيّ المَاء (judariyy al-māʔ)
# خنگ
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xinɡ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɪŋɡ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɪŋɡ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xɪŋɡ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xiŋɡ̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xeɲɡʲ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χiŋɡ]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱanḱest-, *kankest- (“horse”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *hangistaz, and thereby with German Hengst.

#### Noun

خنگ • (xeng)
* horse
* white horse
* gray horse

##### Synonyms

* چرمه (čarme)
* الوس (alus)

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

خنگ • (xeng)
* dumb, stupid

##### Descendants

* → Armenian: խենգ (xeng)
* → Azerbaijani: xing

### Further reading

* Lazard, Gilbert (1990) “خنگ”, in Dictionnaire persan-français, page 165b
* Vullers, Johann August (1855) “خنگ”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 729a
# زافه
## Persian
### Etymology

Akin to Persian ژافه (žâfe), Persian جعفری (ja'fari).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [zɑː.ˈfa]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zɑː.fǽ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zɑː.fǽ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [zɑː.fǽ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [zɔː.fǽ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [zɒː.fé]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [zɔ.fǽ]

### Noun

زافه • (zâfe)
* a pungent desert plant
* a plant similar to a Persian shallot
** 16th century, Mohammad Qāsem Soruri, Farhang-e Soruri
    من یکی زافه بدم خشک و به فرغانه شدم، مورد گشتم تر و شد قامت چون نارونا.man yek-i zâfe badam xošk o be farğâne šodam, mowred gaštam tar o šod qâmat čon nâromâ.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### References

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “زافه”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
# زالت
## Arabic
### Verb

زَالَتْ • (zālat) (form I) /zaː.lat/
* third-person feminine singular past active of زَالَ (zāla, “to go away, to leave”), زَالَ (zāla, “to cease (idiomatically used in the negative meaning "still")”), and زَالَ (zāla, “to separate”)
# دولة إسرائيل
## Arabic
### Proper noun

دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل • (dawlat ʾisrāʾīl) f
* the State of Israel
# درنپ
## Baluchi
### Noun

درنپ • (transliteration needed)
* drop

### See also

* درمپ
# درو
## Persian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Iranian *drauH-. Cognate with Pashto لو (law, “reaping, harvest”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [di.ˈɾaw]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ɪ.ɾǽw]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ɪ.ɾǽw]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪ɪ.ɾǽw]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪i.ɾǽw]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪e.ɹów]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪i.ɾǽw]

#### Verb

درو • (derow)
* present stem form of درودن (dorudan, “to harvest”)

#### Noun

درو • (derow)
* harvest, reaping
    موسم درو ― mowsem-e derow ― harvest season

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [da.ˈɾoː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ä.ɾóː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ä.ɾóː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪ä.ɾóː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪ä.ɾʊ́ː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪æ.ɹúː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪ä.ɾɵ́]

#### Contraction

درو • (daru)
* (obsolete) Contraction of در او (dar u, “in it”).
# درنك
## Old Anatolian Turkish
### Alternative forms

* دیرنك (dernek)

### Etymology

From Proto-Oghuz [Term?], cognate to the attested Karakhanid ترناك (térnek, “gathering place”).

### Noun

درنك (dernek)
* gathering
* gathering place

#### Descendants

* Ottoman Turkish: درنك (dernek), دیرنك (dernek)
** Turkish: dernek
** → Azerbaijani: dərnək
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: дернек
    Latin script: dernek

#### References

* “dernek, (dirnek, dernek yeri)”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎ (in Turkish), volume 2, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1965, page 1113
* al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943

## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* دیرنك (dernek)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish درنك (dernek, “gathering”), from Proto-Turkic *tērnek (“gathering”), a development of *tēr- (“to collect, gather”), whence دیرمك (dermek, “to collect, gather”). Cognate with Karakhanid تِرْناكْ (tẹrnek).

### Noun

درنك • (dernek)
* convocation, assembly, meeting, reunion, any gathering of persons for a specific purpose
    Synonyms: اجتماع (ictimaʼ), انجمن (encümen), جمعیت (cemʼiyet), مجلس (meclis)

#### Derived terms

* درنك اوی (dernek evi, “house where a gathering is held”)
* درنك ایتمك (dernek etmek, “to meet, collect together”)
* درنك یری (dernek yeri, “place where a gathering is held”)
* دوگون درنك (düğün dernek, “merry entertainment”)
* قارغه درنكی (karga derneği, “noisy meeting”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: dernek
* → Azerbaijani: dərnək
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: дернек
    Latin script: dernek

### References

* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “térne:k”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 551

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “dernek”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1175
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “درنك”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 222b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “درنك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 570
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Convocatio”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 282
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “درنك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2063
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “dernek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “درنك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 898
# رفضوا
## Arabic
### Verb

رفضوا (form I)
* رَفَضُوا (rafaḍū) /ra.fa.dˤuː/: third-person masculine plural past active of رَفَضَ (rafaḍa)
* رُفِضُوا (rufiḍū) /ru.fi.dˤuː/: third-person masculine plural past passive of رَفَضَ (rafaḍa)
# رفسنجانی
## Persian
### Proper noun

رفسنجانی • (rafsanjâni)
* a surname, Rafsanjani
# سيشل
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From French Seychelles.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /seː.ʃil/, [se̞ː.ʃɪl]

### Proper noun

سيشل • (sēšil) f
* Seychelles (an archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean)
    Alternative form: سيشيل (sēšēl)

#### Related terms

* سيشلي (sēšili, sēšilli, “Seychellois”) (masculine)
* سيشلية (sēšiliyya, sēšilliyya, “Seychellois”) (feminine)
# خوطبنا
## Arabic
### Verb

خُوطِبْنَا • (ḵūṭibnā) (form III) /xuː.tˤib.naː/
* first-person plural past passive of خَاطَبَ (ḵāṭaba)
# سارراپ
## Uyghur
### Etymology

From Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɑrrɑp/

### Noun

سارراپ • (sarrap) (plural سارراپلار (sarraplar))
* money exchange

### Further reading

* Schwarz, Henry G. (1992) An Uyghur-English Dictionary (East Asian Research Aids & Translations; 3), Bellingham, Washington: Center for East Asian Studies, Western Washington University, →ISBN
# سارت
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

سَارَتْ • (sārat) (form I) /saː.rat/
* third-person feminine singular past active of سَارَ (sāra)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

سَارَّتْ • (sārrat) (form III) /saːr.rat/
* third-person feminine singular past active of سَارَّ (sārra)
# ساررنا
## Arabic
### Verb

سَارَرْنَا • (sārarnā) (form III) /saː.rar.naː/
* first-person plural past active of سَارَرَ (sārara)
# روميات
## Arabic
### Noun

رُومِيَّات • (rūmiyyāt) f pl
* plural of رُومِيَّة (rūmiyya)
# سخري
## Arabic
### Verb

سَخِّرِي • (saḵḵirī) (form II) /sax.xi.riː/
* second-person feminine singular imperative of سَخَّرَ (saḵḵara)
# سخرت
## Arabic
### Verb

سخرت (form II)
* سَخَّرْتُ (saḵḵartu) /sax.xar.tu/: first-person singular past active of سَخَّرَ (saḵḵara)
* سَخَّرْتَ (saḵḵarta) /sax.xar.ta/: second-person masculine singular past active of سَخَّرَ (saḵḵara)
* سَخَّرْتِ (saḵḵarti) /sax.xar.ti/: second-person feminine singular past active of سَخَّرَ (saḵḵara)
* سَخَّرَتْ (saḵḵarat) /sax.xa.rat/: third-person feminine singular past active of سَخَّرَ (saḵḵara)
* سُخِّرْتُ (suḵḵirtu) /sux.xir.tu/: first-person singular past passive of سَخَّرَ (saḵḵara)
* سُخِّرْتَ (suḵḵirta) /sux.xir.ta/: second-person masculine singular past passive of سَخَّرَ (saḵḵara)
* سُخِّرْتِ (suḵḵirti) /sux.xir.ti/: second-person feminine singular past passive of سَخَّرَ (saḵḵara)
* سُخِّرَتْ (suḵḵirat) /sux.xi.rat/: third-person feminine singular past passive of سَخَّرَ (saḵḵara)
# سخرتم
## Arabic
### Verb

سخرتم (form II)
* سَخَّرْتُمْ (saḵḵartum) /sax.xar.tum/: second-person masculine plural past active of سَخَّرَ (saḵḵara)
* سُخِّرْتُمْ (suḵḵirtum) /sux.xir.tum/: second-person masculine plural past passive of سَخَّرَ (saḵḵara)
# سوہنی
## Punjabi
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) Phonetic: sṓṇī IPA: /soː˦.ɳiː/
* Rhymes: -iː

### Adjective

سوہݨی • (sohṇī) f
* feminine singular of سوہݨا (sohṇā, “beautiful”)
# سوہریو
## Punjabi
### Noun

سَوہریو • (sauhreyo)
* vocative plural of سَوہرا (sauhrā, “father-in-law”)
# شاخ آفریقا
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃɑː.xi ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃɑː.xɪ ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃɑː.xɪ ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃɑː.xɪ ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃɔː.xi ʔɔːf.ɾi.qɔː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃɒː.xe ʔɒːf.ɹiː.ʁɒː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃɔ.χi ʔɔf.ɾi.qɔ]

### Proper noun

شاخ آفریقا • (šâx-e âfriqâ)
* the Horn of Africa
# طلقتن
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

طَلُقْتُنَّ • (ṭaluqtunna) (form I) /tˤa.luq.tun.na/
* second-person feminine plural past active of طَلُقَ (ṭaluqa)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

طلقتن (form II)
* طَلَّقْتُنَّ (ṭallaqtunna) /tˤal.laq.tun.na/: second-person feminine plural past active of طَلَّقَ (ṭallaqa)
* طُلِّقْتُنَّ (ṭulliqtunna) /tˤul.liq.tun.na/: second-person feminine plural past passive of طَلَّقَ (ṭallaqa)
# طلن
## Arabic
### Verb

طلن (form I)
* طُلْنَ (ṭulna) /tˤul.na/: inflection of طَالَ (ṭāla):
** third-person feminine plural past active
** second-person feminine plural imperative
* طِلْنَ (ṭilna) /tˤil.na/: third-person feminine plural past passive of طَالَ (ṭāla)
# عوج
## Arabic

* Root
* ع و ج (ʕ w j)
* 2 terms

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕi.wad͡ʒ/

### Noun

عِوَج • (ʕiwaj) m
* crookedness
* deviation

#### Declension
## Moroccan Arabic

* Root
* ع و ج
* 1 term

### Etymology 1

From Arabic أَعْوَج (ʔaʕwaj).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕwaʒ/

#### Adjective

عوج • (ʕwaj) (feminine عوجة (ʕawja), masculine plural عوجين (ʕawjīn), feminine plural عوجات (ʕawjāt))
* deformed, crooked
* bent
    Synonym: مطوي (maṭwi)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic عِوَج (ʕiwaj).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕawʒ/

#### Noun

عوج • (ʕawj) m
* crookedness
    Synonym: عووجية (ʕwūjiyya)

### Etymology 3

From Arabic عَوَّجَ (ʕawwaja).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaw.waʒ/

#### Verb

عوج • (ʕawwaj) II (non-past يعوج (yʕawwaj), verbal noun تعواج (taʕwāj), active participle معوج (mʕawwaj), passive participle معوج (mʕawwaj))
* to bend
    Synonym: طوى (ṭwā)
# عودي
## Arabic
### Verb

عُودِي • (ʕūdī) (form I) /ʕuː.diː/
* second-person feminine singular imperative of عَادَ (ʕāda)
# ضرابة
## Arabic
### Noun

ضَرَابَة • (ḍarāba) f
* verbal noun of ضَرُبَ (ḍaruba) (form I)
# ضراط
## Arabic
### Noun

ضُرَاط • (ḍurāṭ) m
* verbal noun of ضَرَطَ (ḍaraṭa) (form I)
# ستار
## Arabic

* Root
* س ت ر (s t r)
* 7 terms

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si.taːr/

### Noun

سِتَار • (sitār) f (plural سُتُر (sutur))
* veil; screen; curtain

#### Descendants

* Maltese: star

### References

* Freytag, Georg (1833) “ستار”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 283
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “ستار”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1304
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ستار”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 552
# ستاديوم
## Malay
### Noun

ستاديوم (plural ستاديوم-ستاديوم or ستاديوم۲, informal 1st possessive ستاديومکو, 2nd possessive ستاديوممو, 3rd possessive ستاديومڽ)
* Jawi spelling of stadium‎
# عكست
## Arabic
### Verb

عكست (form I)
* عَكَسْتُ (ʕakastu) /ʕa.kas.tu/: first-person singular past active of عَكَسَ (ʕakasa)
* عَكَسْتَ (ʕakasta) /ʕa.kas.ta/: second-person masculine singular past active of عَكَسَ (ʕakasa)
* عَكَسْتِ (ʕakasti) /ʕa.kas.ti/: second-person feminine singular past active of عَكَسَ (ʕakasa)
* عَكَسَتْ (ʕakasat) /ʕa.ka.sat/: third-person feminine singular past active of عَكَسَ (ʕakasa)
* عُكِسْتُ (ʕukistu) /ʕu.kis.tu/: first-person singular past passive of عَكَسَ (ʕakasa)
* عُكِسْتَ (ʕukista) /ʕu.kis.ta/: second-person masculine singular past passive of عَكَسَ (ʕakasa)
* عُكِسْتِ (ʕukisti) /ʕu.kis.ti/: second-person feminine singular past passive of عَكَسَ (ʕakasa)
* عُكِسَتْ (ʕukisat) /ʕu.ki.sat/: third-person feminine singular past passive of عَكَسَ (ʕakasa)
# عكسي
## Arabic

* Root
* ع ك س (ʕ k s)
* 12 terms

### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of عَكْس (ʕaks, “opposite”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕak.sijj/

### Adjective

عَكْسِيّ • (ʕaksiyy) (feminine عَكْسِيَّة (ʕaksiyya), masculine plural عَكْسِيُّونَ (ʕaksiyyūna), feminine plural عَكْسِيَّات (ʕaksiyyāt))
* contrary, opposite
* reverse
* unfavorable

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: əksi
* → Ottoman Turkish: عکسی (aksi)
** → Turkish: aksi
* → Persian: عکسی
# صادرنا
## Arabic
### Verb

صَادَرْنَا • (ṣādarnā) (form III) /sˤaː.dar.naː/
* first-person plural past active of صَادَرَ (ṣādara)
# صادر کردن
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [sɑː.ðiɾ kaɾ.ˈdan]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɑː.d̪ɪɾ kʰäɾ.d̪ǽn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɑː.d̪ɪɾ kʰäɾ.d̪ǽn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sɑː.d̪ɪɾ kʰäɾ.d̪ǽn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sɔː.d̪iɾ kʰäɾ.d̪ǽn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sɒː.d̪eɹ kʰʲæɹ.d̪ǽn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sɔ.d̪iɾ kʰäɾ.d̪ǽn]

### Verb

صادر کردن • (sâder kardan)
* to export
* to issue (a certificate, document, etc.)
    ویزای پِدَرَم را صادِر کَردَند.vizâ-ye pedar-am râ sâder kardand.They issued my father's visa.
** 2024 April 29, “هواشناسی همدان هشدار زرد صادر کرد”, in irna.ir‎, Islamic Republic News Agency:هواشناسی همدان هشدار زرد صادر کردhavâšenâsi-ye hamadân hošdâr-e zard sâder kard.The Hamadan meteorological office issued a yellow warning.
# صادرت
## Arabic
### Verb

صادرت (form III)
* صَادَرْتُ (ṣādartu) /sˤaː.dar.tu/: first-person singular past active of صَادَرَ (ṣādara)
* صَادَرْتَ (ṣādarta) /sˤaː.dar.ta/: second-person masculine singular past active of صَادَرَ (ṣādara)
* صَادَرْتِ (ṣādarti) /sˤaː.dar.ti/: second-person feminine singular past active of صَادَرَ (ṣādara)
* صَادَرَتْ (ṣādarat) /sˤaː.da.rat/: third-person feminine singular past active of صَادَرَ (ṣādara)
# صادري
## Arabic
### Verb

صَادِرِي • (ṣādirī) (form III) /sˤaː.di.riː/
* second-person feminine singular imperative of صَادَرَ (ṣādara)
# صبينجي
## North Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From صِبيان (“boys”), with shortening of ā (unshortened version also exists, but is rare), with جِي (jī), an occupational suffix of Turkish origin.

### Noun

صبينجي • (ṣibyanži) m
* gay, faggot, pedophile
# طبيعات
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤa.biː.ʕaːt/

### Noun

طَبِيعَات • (ṭabīʕāt) f pl
* plural of طَبِيعَة (ṭabīʕa)
# فراجا
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fä.ɾɑː.d͡ʒɑ́ː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [fæ.ɹɒː.d͡ʒɒ́ː]

### Proper noun

فراجا • (farâjâ)
* Acronym of فرماندهی انتظامی جمهوری اسلامی ایران (farmândehi-ye entezâmi-ye jomhuri-ye eslâmi-ye irân, “Law Enforcement Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran”).
# فراجه
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Byzantine Greek φορεσιά (phoresiá) – still Greek φορεσιά (foresiá), φόρεμα (fórema) –, from φέρω (phérō, “to bear”).

### Noun

فراجه • (ferece, ferace)
* a kind of robe, floating and with long sleeves, ferace

#### Descendants

* Turkish: ferace
* → Egyptian Arabic: فَرَجِيَّة (farajiyya)
* → Armenian: փարաջա (pʻaraǰa), փարաջի (pʻaraǰi), փառաջա (pʻaṙaǰa), փա̈րա̈ջա̈ (pʻäräǰä), փըրըջա̈ (pʻərəǰä), փըրըջը (pʻərəǰə), ֆէրէճէ (fērēčē), ֆէրաճէ (fēračē), ֆարաջե (faraǰe), ֆա̈րա̈ջա̈ (färäǰä), ֆարաջի (faraǰi), ֆըրըջը (fərəǰə), ֆառաջա (faṙaǰa) — dialectal (in some dialects possibly via other languages)
* → Bulgarian: фередже́ (feredžé)
* → Greek: φερετζές (feretzés)
* → Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: ferencî
    Central Kurdish: فەرەجی (ferecî), فەرەنجی (ferencî)
    Southern Kurdish: فەرەجی (ferecî), فەرەنجی (ferencî)
* → Macedonian: фереџе (feredže)
* → Persian: فرجی (faraji), فرنجی (faranji)
** → Tajik: фаранҷӣ (faranji)
*** → Kyrgyz: беренжи (berenji)
*** → Turkmen: perenji
**** → Azerbaijani: pərəncə
*** → Uzbek: paranji
**** → Kazakh: паранжы (paranjy), паранжа (paranja)
***** → Tatar: пәрәнҗә (päräncä)
****** → Belarusian: паранджа́ (parandžá)
****** → Russian: паранджа́ (parandžá)
****** → Ukrainian: паранджа́ (parandžá)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: фѐреџа
    Latin script: fèredža

### References

* Blažek, Václav (2009) “Slavonic languages”, in Versteegh, Kees, editor, Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, volume 4, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 266
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “فراجه”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 248
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1845) Dictionnaire détaillé des noms des vêtements chez les arabes‎ (in French), Amsterdam: Jean Müller, pages 327-334
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “فراجه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 889
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “فراجه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1370
* Vollers, Karl (1897) “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 51, page 299
# صوبتن
## Arabic
### Verb

صوبتن (form II)
* صَوَّبْتُنَّ (ṣawwabtunna) /sˤaw.wab.tun.na/: second-person feminine plural past active of صَوَّبَ (ṣawwaba)
* صُوِّبْتُنَّ (ṣuwwibtunna) /sˤuw.wib.tun.na/: second-person feminine plural past passive of صَوَّبَ (ṣawwaba)