OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# rozovierať
## Slovak
### Alternative forms

* (rare) rozvierať

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrɔzɔvi̯erac]

### Verb

rozovierať impf
* imperfective form of rozovrieť (“to open, to spread out”)
* imperfective form of rozovrieť (“to start boiling”)

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* “rozovierať”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
# சலங்கு
## Tamil
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ɕɐlɐŋɡʊ/, [sɐlɐŋɡɯ]

### Noun

சலங்கு • (calaṅku)
* a small boat, barge, coasting vessel
* pearl-fishery
    Synonym: முத்துச்சலாபம் (muttuccalāpam)

#### Derived terms

* சலங்குக்காரன் (calaṅkukkāraṉ)

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “சலங்கு”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# 嘴上沒毛，辦事不牢
## Chinese

| | | mouth | up; on; on topup; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up | have not; drowned; to endhave not; drowned; to end; to die; to inundate | hair; fur; one tenth of a yuan or dollar | | to do; to manage; to handleto do; to manage; to handle; to go about; to run; to set up; to deal with | matter; thing; itemmatter; thing; item; work; affair | not; no | firm; fast |
| trad. (嘴上沒毛，辦事不牢) | trad. (嘴上沒毛，辦事不牢) | 嘴 | 上 | 沒 | 毛 | ， | 辦 | 事 | 不 | 牢 |
| simp. (嘴上没毛，办事不牢) | simp. (嘴上没毛，办事不牢) | 嘴 | 上 | 没 | 毛 | ， | 办 | 事 | 不 | 牢 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zuǐ shàng méi máo, bàn shì bù láo
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄟˇ ㄕㄤˋ ㄇㄟˊ ㄇㄠˊ , ㄅㄢˋ ㄕˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄠˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zuǐ shàng méi máo, bàn shì bù láo
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄟˇ ㄕㄤˋ ㄇㄟˊ ㄇㄠˊ , ㄅㄢˋ ㄕˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zuěi shàng méi máo, bàn shìh bù láo
*** Wade–Giles: tsui$^3$ shang$^4$ mei$^2$ mao$^2$, pan$^4$ shih$^4$ pu$^4$ lao$^2$
*** Yale: dzwěi shàng méi máu-, bàn shr̀ bù láu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzoei shanq mei mau, bann shyh bu lau
*** Palladius: цзуй шан мэй мао, бань ши бу лао (czuj šan mɛj mao, banʹ ši bu lao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ meɪ̯³⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵ pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

### Proverb

嘴上沒毛，辦事不牢
* a young person is unreliable to do things.

### See also

* 嘴上無毛，辦事不牢／嘴上无毛，办事不牢
# ポリウレタン
## Japanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English polyurethane.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ポリウレタン [pòríúꜜrètàǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
* (Tokyo) ポリウレタン [pòríúréꜜtàǹ] (Nakadaka – [4])
* IPA: [po̞ɾʲiɯ̟ɾe̞tã̠ɴ]

### Noun

ポリウレタン • (poriuretan)
* polyurethane

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
# redzētas
## Latvian
### Participle

redzētas
* inflection of redzēts:
** genitive singular feminine
** nominative/accusative plural feminine
# съезжав
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sjɪˈʐːaf] ~ [sjɪˈʑːaf]

### Participle

съезжа́в • (sʺjezžáv)
* short past adverbial imperfective participle of съезжа́ть (sʺjezžátʹ)
# უფრთო
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /upʰrtʰo/, [upʰɾtʰo]

### Adjective

უფრთო • (uprto) (comparative უფრო უფრთო, superlative ყველაზე უფრთო)
* wingless
# обязываемся
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐˈbʲazɨvə(j)ɪmsʲə]

### Verb

обя́зываемся • (objázyvajemsja)
* first-person plural present indicative imperfective of обя́зываться (objázyvatʹsja)
# yìlāhuán
## Mandarin
### Romanization

yìlāhuán (Zhuyin ㄧˋ ㄌㄚ ㄏㄨㄢˊ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 易拉環／易拉环
# కట్టిన
## Telugu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaʈːina/

### Adjective

కట్టిన • (kaṭṭina)
* perfective of కట్టు (kaṭṭu)

#### Derived terms

* గడ్డకట్టిన (gaḍḍakaṭṭina, “lumped up, frozen”)
# 嘲訕
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cháoshàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄠˊ ㄕㄢˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cháoshàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˊ ㄕㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cháoshàn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻao$^2$-shan$^4$
*** Yale: cháu-shàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaurshann
*** Palladius: чаошань (čaošanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵¹/

### Verb

嘲訕
* to laugh at; to tease; to sneer; to ridicule; to jeer

#### Synonyms

* 作弄 (zuònòng)
* 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
* 刺 (literary, or in compounds)
* 刺溪 (chié-*kă̤) (Eastern Min)
* 創弄／创弄 (Hokkien)
* 創景／创景 (Hokkien)
* 創治／创治 (chhòng-tī) (Hokkien)
* 剾損／𠛅损 (Hokkien)
* 剾洗／𠛅洗 (khau-sé) (Hokkien)
* 剾洗／𠛅洗 (Hokkien)
* 剾褻／𠛅亵 (Hokkien)
* 𠢕滾／𠢕滚 (Hokkien)
* 取樂／取乐 (qǔlè)
* 取笑 (qǔxiào)
* 呾笑話／呾笑话 (dan$^3$ cio$^3$ uê$^7$) (Teochew)
* 呾耍笑 (Teochew)
* 嗤笑 (chīxiào)
* 嘲弄 (cháonòng)
* 嘲笑 (cháoxiào)
* 嘲諷／嘲讽 (cháofěng)
* 嘲謔／嘲谑 (cháoxuè)
* 奚落 (xīluò)
* 尋開心／寻开心 (Wu)
* 巴銳／巴锐 (Hokkien)
* 恥笑／耻笑 (chǐxiào)
* 戲弄／戏弄 (xìnòng)
* 戲謔／戏谑 (xìxuè)
* 挖苦 (wākǔ)
* 捉弄 (zhuōnòng)
* 損／损 (sǔn) (colloquial)
* 撩 (Hakka)
* 撚化 (nan$^2$ faa$^3$) (Cantonese)
* 撮弄 (cuōnòng) (literary)
* 擺弄／摆弄
* 消遣 (xiāoqiǎn)
* 湊趣／凑趣 (còuqù)
* 𤊶人 (Hakka)
* 玩 (colloquial)
* 玩弄
* 笑 (xiào)
* 笑話／笑话 (xiàohuà)
* 耍 (shuǎ)
* 耍弄 (shuǎnòng)
* 耍忽 (sua$^2$ huah$^4$) (Jin)
* 落八 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 見笑／见笑 (jiànxiào)
* 訕笑／讪笑 (shànxiào)
* 詼謔／诙谑 (huīxuè)
* 說風涼話／说风凉话 (shuō fēngliánghuà)
* 調笑／调笑 (tiáoxiào)
* 諦／谛 (dai$^3$) (Cantonese)
* 諷刺／讽刺 (fěngcì)
* 謔潲／谑潲 (Hokkien)
* 謔燒／谑烧 (Hokkien)
* 講笑／讲笑 (Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien)
* 講耍笑／讲耍笑 (Hokkien)
* 譏刺／讥刺 (jīcì)
* 譏嘲／讥嘲 (jīcháo)
* 譏笑／讥笑 (jīxiào)
* 譏誚／讥诮 (jīqiào) (literary)
* 譏諷／讥讽 (jīfěng)
* 變弄／变弄 (Hokkien)
* 𧮙 (Wu)
* 起鬨／起哄 (qǐhòng)
* 輕體／轻体 (Hokkien)
* 逗 (dòu)
* 逗弄
* 鄙笑 (Hokkien)
* 酸笑 (Hokkien)
* 鈍／钝 (Wu)
* 開心／开心 (kāixīn)
* 開涮／开涮 (kāishuàn) (colloquial)
* 開玩笑／开玩笑 (kāi wánxiào)
* 鬧玩笑／闹玩笑 (nào wánxiào)
# ポリエステル
## Japanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English polyester, German Polyester.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ポリエステル [pòríéꜜsùtèrù] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [po̞ɾʲie̞sɨ̥te̞ɾɯ̟]

### Noun

ポリエステル • (poriesuteru)
* polyester

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
# refertaran
## Galician
### Verb

refertaran
* third-person plural pluperfect indicative of refertar
# столова
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian столо́вая (stolóvaja).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [stoɫoˈva]
* Rhymes: -va

### Noun

столова́ • (stolová) f
* canteen; dining-room
    Synonyms: ла́вка (lávka), трапеза́рия (trapezárija), стол (stol)

#### Declension
### References

* “столова”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “столова”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
# ჴუეზაჲ
## Old Georgian
### Etymology

From Proto-Georgian-Zan *qweza-.

### Noun

ჴუეზაჲ • (quezay)
* loaf of bread, pie
** 5th century and later, Bible, Luke 9.13, (Adysh Gospels):ხოლო იესუ ჰრქუა მათ: თქუენ ეცით მაგათ ჭამადი. და მათ თქუეს: არა არს ჩუენ თანა უფროჲს, გარნა ხუთი ჴუეზაჲ პური და ორნი თევზნი, გარნა თუ ჩუენ წარვიდეთ და უყიდოთ ყოველსა ამას ერსა საზრდელი.xolo iesu hrkua mat: tkuen ecit magat č̣amadi. da mat tkues: ara ars čuen tana uproys, garna xuti quezay ṗuri da orni tevzni, garna tu čuen c̣arvidet da uq̇idot q̇ovelsa amas ersa sazrdeli.

#### Descendants

* Georgian: ხვეზა (xveza)
** → Mingrelian: ხვეზა (xveza)

### Further reading

* Abulaʒe, Ilia (1973) “ჴუეზაჲ”, in Ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)]‎ (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 571b
* Sardshweladse, Surab, Fähnrich, Heinz (2005) “ჴუეზაჲ”, in Altgeorgisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch (Handbook of Oriental Studies; VIII.12), with the collaboration of Irine Melikishvili and Sopio Sardshweladse, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 1592a
# осеменениям
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐsʲɪmʲɪˈnʲenʲɪjəm]

### Noun

осемене́ниям • (osemenénijam) n inan pl
* dative plural of осемене́ние (osemenénije)
# కట్టావు
## Telugu
### Verb

కట్టావు • (kaṭṭāvu)
* second-person singular past of కట్టు (kaṭṭu)
# 堅苦
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiānkǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ ㄎㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gin$^1$ fu$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiānkǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ ㄎㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiankǔ
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^1$-kʻu$^3$
*** Yale: jyān-kǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiankuu
*** Palladius: цзяньку (czjanʹku)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gin$^1$ fu$^2$
*** Yale: gīn fú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gin$^1$ fu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gin$^1$ fu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːn⁵⁵ fuː³⁵/

### Adjective

堅苦
* hardworking and persevering

#### Synonyms

* 下力 (xiàlì) (Muping Mandarin)
* 亹亹 (wěiwěi) (literary)
* 刻苦 (kèkǔ)
* 力落 (lag$^8$ loh$^8$) (Teochew)
* 努力 (nǔlì)
* 勤力 (qínlì) (literary or Cantonese)
* 勤勉 (qínmiǎn)
* 勤勞／勤劳 (qínláo)
* 勤奮／勤奋 (qínfèn)
* 勤快 (qínkuài) (informal)
* 勤懇／勤恳 (qínkěn) (diligent and conscientious)
* 勤謹／勤谨 (Dungan)
* 巴劫 (bājié) (literary)
* 巴巴結結／巴巴结结 (bāba-jiējiē) (regional)
* 急計／急计 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 用功 (yònggōng)
* 發狠／发狠 (fa$^3$ hen$^6$) (Xiang)
* 耐勞／耐劳 (nàiláo)
* 骨力 (Hokkien, Puxian Min)
# ポリウレタンせん
## Japanese
### Noun

ポリウレタンせん • (poriuretan-sen)
* ポリウレタン線: polyurethane-coated copper wire
# refertar
## Galician
### Etymology

Probably from Latin refero.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [refeɾˈtaɾ]

### Verb

refertar (first-person singular present referto, first-person singular preterite refertei, past participle refertado)
* (archaic) to oppose, deny
** 1283, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., page 77:
    ſe peruẽtura ĩ eſte foro quiſerdeſ fazer caſaſ in eſte foro ſobredito e morar in elaſ fazerdelaſ e nõ uoſ ſéér refertado do móéſteyro.
       if perchance in this land you would want to build houses, in this aforementioned contract, and dwell in them, you shall build them not being opposed by the monastery

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* referta

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “refertar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “refert”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “refertar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
# столкнёшь
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [stɐɫkˈnʲɵʂ]

### Verb

столкнёшь • (stolknjóšʹ)
* second-person singular future indicative perfective of столкну́ть (stolknútʹ)
# ჯეჟუნ
## Laz
### Alternative forms

* ჯეჯუნ (cecun) — Mtsanu

### Etymology

From ჯე- (ce-) +‎ ჟ- (j-) +‎ -უნ (-un).

### Verb

ჯეჟუნ • (cejun) (Latin spelling cejun) (Apso, Vizha, Zhilen-Mzghem)
* (of bird) to fly steeply down from the top
    სიჶტერი ჟინდო ჯეჟუნ. ორტიჭი ჭოფუჲ.sifťeri jindo cejun. orťiç̌i ç̌opuy.A hawk flies down from above and catches a quail.
* (of bird) to fly away
    Synonym: გეფუთხუნ (geputxun)
* (of baby bird) to grow up and to leave its nest
    Synonym: გეფუთხუნ (geputxun)
* (figurative, of children) to grow up and to leave their parents' home
    Synonym: გეფუთხუნ (geputxun)
    აჲშე ჯეჟუ.ayşe ceju.Ayşe has now left home (married).
* (figurative) to vanish, to disappear, (of a proposal) to become unrealizable
    Synonym: ენცუნ (enʒun)
    შკუნი ნგოლაშა ოლვა ჯეჟუ.şǩuni ngolaşa olva ceju.Our trip to ngola has become a dream.

### Further reading

* Kojima, Gôichi (2012–) “cejun (PZ-Apso)(ÇM)(AŞ-Jilen-Mzğem), cecun (ÇM-M3’anu)”, in Temel Lazca-Türkçe Sözlük Taslağı‎ (in Turkish)
# spike fiddle
## English
### Noun

spike fiddle (plural spike fiddles)
* (music) Any of a number of stringed instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator and which are played with a bow.

#### Hypernyms

* spike lute

#### Hyponyms

* erhu
* kamancheh
* rebab, rubab
# பொருளட்டவணை
## Tamil
### Etymology

From பொருள் (poruḷ) +‎ அட்டவணை (aṭṭavaṇai).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /pɔɾʊɭɐʈːɐʋɐɳɐɪ̯/

### Noun

பொருளட்டவணை • (poruḷaṭṭavaṇai)
* table of contents

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “பொருளட்டவணை”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# 堅貞不屈
## Chinese

| | | faithful; loyal; constantfaithful; loyal; constant; chaste | to be unyielding; to be unwilling to give in; to be indomitable |
| trad. (堅貞不屈) | trad. (堅貞不屈) | 堅貞 | 不屈 |
| simp. (坚贞不屈) | simp. (坚贞不屈) | 坚贞 | 不屈 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiānzhēnbùqū
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ ㄓㄣ ㄅㄨˋ ㄑㄩ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gin$^1$ zing$^1$ bat$^1$ wat$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiānzhēnbùqū
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ ㄓㄣ ㄅㄨˋ ㄑㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jianjhenbùcyu
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^1$-chên$^1$-pu$^4$-chʻü$^1$
*** Yale: jyān-jēn-bù-chyū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianjenbuchiu
*** Palladius: цзяньчжэньбуцюй (czjanʹčžɛnʹbucjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gin$^1$ zing$^1$ bat$^1$ wat$^1$
*** Yale: gīn jīng bāt wāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gin$^1$ dzing$^1$ bat$^7$ wat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gin$^1$ jing$^1$ bed$^1$ wed$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ pɐt̚⁵ wɐt̚⁵/

### Idiom

堅貞不屈
* faithful and unyielding
# ㅓ

| ㅓ | U+3153, &#12627; HANGUL LETTER EO |
| ← ㅒ [U+3152] | Hangul Compatibility Jamo | ㅔ → [U+3154] |
| ᅥ | U+1165, &#4453; HANGUL JUNGSEONG EO |
| ← ᅤ [U+1164] | Hangul Jamo | ᅦ → [U+1166] |
| ￆ | U+FFC6, &#65478; HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER EO |
| ← ￅ [U+FFC5] | Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms | ￇ → [U+FFC7] |

## Korean
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʌ̹]

### Letter

ㅓ • (eo)
* 어 (eo), a vowel of the Korean alphabet, hangul

#### Derived terms

* ㅔ (e)
* ㅕ (yeo)
* ㅖ (ye)
* ㅝ (wo)
* ㅞ (we)
# refertaras
## Galician
### Verb

refertaras
* second-person singular pluperfect indicative of refertar
# сумами
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sʊˈmamʲɪ]

### Noun

сума́ми • (sumámi) f inan pl
* instrumental plural of сума́ (sumá)
# ምጥርጣር
## Tigrinya
### Verb

ምጥርጣር • (məṭrəṭar)
* infinitive of ጠርጠረ (ṭärṭärä)
# осен
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɔsɛn]

### Adjective

осен • (osen) (not comparable)
* axial
# பொய்வளைவு
## Tamil
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

பொய்வளைவு • (poyvaḷaivu)
* scaffold for an arch

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “பொய்வளைவு”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# spin doctor
## English
### Alternative forms

* spindoctor (rare)

### Etymology

From spin + doctor. First used describing US politics, early 1980s.

### Noun

spin doctor (plural spin doctors)
* (business, politics) A person employed to gloss over a poor public image (or present it in a better light) in business and politics, especially after unfavourable results have been achieved. A lobbyist; PR person.
    Many believed that the reduction in public spending was a disaster but the spin doctors presented it as a triumph for lower taxation.
** 1984 October 21, “The Debate and the Spin Doctors”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:A dozen men in good suits and women in silk dresses will circulate smoothly among the reporters, spouting confident opinions. They won't be just press agents trying to impart a favorable spin to a routine release. They'll be the Spin Doctors, senior advisers to the candidates, and they'll be playing for very high stakes.
** 2000 December 3, Alexander Stille, “The Original Spin Doctor”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:Now that the cold war has ended and political ideologies have been replaced by pollsters and spin doctors, Machiavelli's cleareyed assessments of power dynamics and pragmatic advantage are suddenly in vogue.
** 2008 February 19, Richard Norton-Taylor, quoting William Hague, “Iraq weapons dossier draft reveals role of 'spin doctor'”, in The Guardian‎:William Hague, shadow foreign secretary, said the Williams document was "further evidence that spin doctors, not intelligence analysts, were leading from the first in deciding what the British people were told about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction".
** 2013 October 31, Rowena Mason, quoting David Steel, “Lord Steel criticises culture of spin and tweeting in modern politics”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:Lord Steel, the former Liberal leader, has launched a despairing attack on the prevalence of spin doctors in politics, noting that he is given "daily outpourings of tweets to circulate" and bombarded by email with "lines to take" on current issues.

#### Synonyms

* spinmeister
* spinster
* spin merchant

#### Related terms

* spin machine
* spin control
* spin doctoring

#### Translations
### Verb

spin doctor (third-person singular simple present spin doctors, present participle spin doctoring, simple past and past participle spin doctored)
* (idiomatic, transitive) To generate spin (favourable interpretation or bias).

#### Derived terms

* spin-doctored
# 垃嗨
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 垃嗨 – see 垃海 (“to be at , to be in, to exist; at; in; etc.”). (This term is a variant form of 垃海).
# 㒾

| 㒾 | U+34BE, &#13502; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34BE |
| ← 㒽 [U+34BD] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A | 㒿 → [U+34BF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

㒾 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 日卜尸木 (AYSD), composition ⿱⺜施)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 130, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1526, character 5
* Unihan data for U+34BE

## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shì (shi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): si$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shì
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^4$
*** Yale: shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
*** Palladius: ши (ši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^6$
*** Yale: sih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː²²/
* Middle Chinese: yeH, syeH
Rime :
| Character | 㒾 | 㒾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 以豉切 | 施智切 |
| Baxter | yeH | syeH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇ$^H$/ | /ɕiᴇ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛ$^H$/ | /ɕiɛ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jɛ$^H$/ | /ɕjɛ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiə̆$^H$/ | /ɕiə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ie$^H$/ | /ɕie$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jǐe$^H$/ | /ɕǐe$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ie̯$^H$/ | /ɕie̯$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yì | shì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^6$ | si$^3$ |

### Definitions

㒾
* a kind of wrapper used to cover over the face and head
# redémarrerai
## French
### Verb

redémarrerai
* first-person singular simple future of redémarrer
# съела
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsjeɫə]

### Verb

съе́ла • (sʺjéla)
* feminine singular past indicative perfective of съесть (sʺjestʹ)
# ምጥቃም
## Tigrinya
### Verb

ምጥቃም • (məṭḳam)
* infinitive of ጠቐመ (ṭäḳʰämä)
# оогандын
## Kyrgyz
### Noun

оогандын • (oogandın)
* genitive singular of ооган (oogan)
# లాటిన్లు
## Telugu
### Noun

లాటిన్లు • (lāṭinlu)
* plural of లాటిను (lāṭinu)
# treiglad caled
## Welsh
### Noun

treiglad caled m (plural treigladau caled or treigladau caledion)
* (linguistics, countable) hard mutation, provection, fortition

#### Notes

The hard mutation is common as an initial mutation in Cornish and Breton, but only occurs word-internally in Welsh, as in:
* Old English bedhūs (“bedehouse”) → betws (“chapel”)
* defaid (“sheep (pl.)”), tŷ (“house,
dwelling”) → defeity (“sheepfold”)
* pob (“every”) + peth (“thing”) → popeth (“everything”)
* pobi (“to bake”) + tŷ (“house,
dwelling”) → popty (“oven”)
* teg (“fair”) + -ach (“-er”) → tecach (“fairer”)

#### Related terms

* treiglad llaes (“aspirate mutation”)
* treiglad meddal (“soft mutation”)
* treiglad trwynol (“nasal mutation”)
* treiglo (“to mutate”)

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “treiglad caled”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# 地中海贫血
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 地中海贫血 – see 地中海貧血 (“thalassemia”). (This term is the simplified form of 地中海貧血).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 㓃

| 㓃 | U+34C3, &#13507; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34C3 |
| ← 㓂 [U+34C2] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A | 㓄 → [U+34C4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

㓃 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月卜口心 (BYRP), composition ⿱冖託)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 305, character 7
* Unihan data for U+34C3

## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dù (du$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dou$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dù
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dù
*** Wade–Giles: tu$^4$
*** Yale: dù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duh
*** Palladius: ду (du)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dou$^3$
*** Yale: dou
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dou$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tou̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: tuH, traeH
Rime :
| Character | 㓃 | 㓃 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 當故切 | 陟駕切 |
| Baxter | tuH | traeH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tuo$^H$/ | /ʈˠa$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tuo$^H$/ | /ʈᵚa$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /to$^H$/ | /ȶa$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tɔ$^H$/ | /ʈaɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /to$^H$/ | /ȶa$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tu$^H$/ | /ȶa$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tuo$^H$/ | /ȶa$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dù | zhà |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dou$^3$ | zaa$^3$ |

### Definitions

㓃
* (standard form of 詫) to sacrifice by pouring out a libation of wine
# refilen
## Spanish
### Verb

refilen
* inflection of refilar:
** third-person plural present subjunctive
** third-person plural imperative
# сяжком
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sʲɪʂˈkom]

### Noun

сяжко́м • (sjažkóm) m inan
* instrumental singular of сяжо́к (sjažók)
# ᓙ

| ᓙ | U+14D9, &#5337; CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE LOO |
| ← ᓘ [U+14D8] | Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics | ᓚ → [U+14DA] |

## Translingual
### Letter

ᓙ
* Letter of the Canadian Aboriginal syllabary, transcribed as loo.
# осияй
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐsʲɪˈjæj]

### Verb

осия́й • (osijáj)
* second-person singular imperative perfective of осия́ть (osijátʹ)
# కార్బొనేట్
## Telugu
### Noun

కార్బొనేట్ • (kārbonēṭ) ? (plural కార్బొనేట్లు)
* Alternative form of కార్బొనేటు (kārbonēṭu)
# yángcháng
## Mandarin
### Romanization

yángcháng (Zhuyin ㄧㄤˊ ㄔㄤˊ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 羊腸／羊肠
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 揚長／扬长
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 揚場／扬场
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 洋腸／洋肠
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 羊場／羊场