# 狡怪
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): káu-koài
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káu-koài
*** Tâi-lô: káu-kuài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kaw'koaix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kuai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kuai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kuai²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kuai¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kuai²¹/

### Adjective

狡怪
* (Hokkien) crafty; cunning; sly; tricky; treacherous
* (Taiwanese Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) naughty; mischievous; cheeky

#### Synonyms

* (crafty):
* 世故 (shìgù)
* 刁 (diāo)
* 刁滑 (diāohuá)
* 刁鑽／刁钻 (diāozuān)
* 刁頑／刁顽 (diāowán) (literary, cunning and stubborn)
* 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
* 圓泛／圆泛 (yenn$^2$ fan$^4$) (Xiang)
* 圓滑／圆滑 (yuánhuá)
* 圞泛／𪢮泛 (lonn$^2$ fan$^4$) (Xiang)
* 奸宄 (Hokkien)
* 奸巧 (Hokkien)
* 奸狡
* 奸猾 (jiānhuá)
* 奸險 (jiānxiǎn)
* 姦刁／奸刁 ($^1$ke-tiau) (Wu)
* 姦詐／奸诈 (jiānzhà)
* 油滑 (yóuhuá)
* 滑
* 滑頭／滑头 (huátóu)
* 狡猾 (jiǎohuá)
* 狡獪／狡狯 (jiǎokuài) (literary)
* 狡詐／狡诈 (jiǎozhà)
* 狡鬼 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 狡黠 (jiǎoxiá) (literary)
* 詭詐／诡诈 (guǐzhà)
* 調皮／调皮 (tiáopí)
* 陰濕／阴湿 (jam$^1$ sap$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 陰險／阴险 (yīnxiǎn)
* 頑惡／顽恶 (wánwù) (literary)
* (naughty):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 頑皮, 調皮, 淘氣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 皮, 淘氣, 淘, 猴, 猴兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 皮, 調皮, 頑皮, 淘氣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 調皮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 頑皮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 皮, 淘, 猴兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 調皮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 調皮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 費 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 調皮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 調皮, 皮, 淘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 費勁 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 匪, 淘氣, 俏皮, 皮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 皮臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 淘氣, 費, 千方兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 神, 調皮, 淘氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 淘氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 跳皮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 跳皮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 調皮, 皮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 犯厭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 調皮, 皮, 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 跳皮, 百厭, 韌皮, 曳, 反斗, 星君, 扭計, 扭紋, 壞, 煞氣, 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 跳皮, 百厭, 韌皮, 曳, 反斗, 壞, 星君, 犯神 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 懆 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 跳皮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 曳, 跳皮, 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 韌皮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 跳皮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 曳, 跳皮, 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 曳 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 跳皮, 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 壞, 跳皮 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 壞 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 百厭, 壞 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 壞賞, 壞, 曳, 搞家, 譑蠻, 飛耍, 惡教, 匪類, 扭紋 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 壞賞, 壞 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 壞鬼 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 韌皮 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 曳, 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 百厭, 跳皮 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 跳皮, 蠻皮 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 跳皮, 百厭, 牛骨, 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 韌皮, 百厭, 百跳 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 頑, 牛骨 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 跳皮, 勿乖 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 韌皮 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 扭計, 曳, 百厭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 調皮, 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蠻皮, 蠻, 番綻, 綻頭, 綻皮, 綻, 懆, 跳皮 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 蠻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 調皮, 綻頭, 懆 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 跳皮 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 跳皮 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 綻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 賤 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Changting | 綻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 綻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 綻 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 綻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 浪綻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 綻, 孽 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 綻, 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 番綻, 蠻皮, 綻頭, 孱頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 殘, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 蓋牛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 番綻, 蠻綻, 綻, 綻頭, 孱頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 番綻, 綻頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 番綻, 綻頭, 綻剁頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 狡怪, 番, 賤頭, 牛, 牛頭, 牛獗, 賤, 真牛 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 跳皮 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 跳皮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 頑皮 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 調皮 |
| Jin | Handan | 費 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 刁皮, 韌皮 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 刁皮, 楞蟶 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 調皮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 孽, 孽潲, 孽唆, 跳鬼, 刁皮, 跳限, 跳塌, 賤, 歹死, 揲, 揲篤 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 孽, 孽潲, 孽唆, 跳鬼, 賤, 歹死 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 孽, 孽潲, 賤, 歹, 歹死 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 賤 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 賤 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 狡怪 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 孽潲 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 孽潲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 作孽, 孽, 孽潲 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 孽潲 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 孽 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 狡怪 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 孽, 怪孽, 歹死 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 孽, 孽死, 孽潲, 賤, 歹死 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 歹死, 孽, 孽潲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 調皮, 惡蠻, 蠻 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 頑皮 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 燦頭 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 野, 野死, 好耍, 頑皮 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 跳皮 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 孬 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 跳皮 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 頑皮, 跳皮 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 頑皮, 皮, 賴皮, 搨皮, 淘氣 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 厭, 調皮, 頑皮 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 皮, 調皮, 厭 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 厭, 皮 |
| Wu | Danyang | 調皮, 皮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 厭, 調皮 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 皮 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 調皮, 皮, 皮蚩, 蠻, 惡 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 調皮, 皮, 皮面 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 跳皮, 跳夾 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 跳皮, 頑皮 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 頑皮 |

### Further reading

* “Entry #5203”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.