# vuvukala
## Zulu
### Verb

-vuvukala$^?$
* to be swollen

#### Inflection

Tone unknown :
| Infinitive | ukuvuvukala |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuvuvukala | ukungavuvukali |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | vuvukala | -vuvukale |
| Plural | vuvukalani | -vuvukaleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyavuvukala, ngivuvukala | engivuvukalayo, engivuvukala | ngivuvukala | angivuvukali | engingavuvukali | ngingavuvukali |
| 2nd singular | uyavuvukala, uvuvukala | ovuvukalayo, ovuvukala | uvuvukala | awuvuvukali | ongavuvukali | ungavuvukali |
| 1st plural | siyavuvukala, sivuvukala | esivuvukalayo, esivuvukala | sivuvukala | asivuvukali | esingavuvukali | singavuvukali |
| 2nd plural | niyavuvukala, nivuvukala | enivuvukalayo, enivuvukala | nivuvukala | anivuvukali | eningavuvukali | ningavuvukali |
| Class 1 | uyavuvukala, uvuvukala | ovuvukalayo, ovuvukala | evuvukala | akavuvukali | ongavuvukali | engavuvukali |
| Class 2 | bayavuvukala, bavuvukala | abavuvukalayo, abavuvukala | bevuvukala | abavuvukali | abangavuvukali | bengavuvukali |
| Class 3 | uyavuvukala, uvuvukala | ovuvukalayo, ovuvukala | uvuvukala | awuvuvukali | ongavuvukali | ungavuvukali |
| Class 4 | iyavuvukala, ivuvukala | evuvukalayo, evuvukala | ivuvukala | ayivuvukali | engavuvukali | ingavuvukali |
| Class 5 | liyavuvukala, livuvukala | elivuvukalayo, elivuvukala | livuvukala | alivuvukali | elingavuvukali | lingavuvukali |
| Class 6 | ayavuvukala, avuvukala | avuvukalayo, avuvukala | evuvukala | awavuvukali | angavuvukali | engavuvukali |
| Class 7 | siyavuvukala, sivuvukala | esivuvukalayo, esivuvukala | sivuvukala | asivuvukali | esingavuvukali | singavuvukali |
| Class 8 | ziyavuvukala, zivuvukala | ezivuvukalayo, ezivuvukala | zivuvukala | azivuvukali | ezingavuvukali | zingavuvukali |
| Class 9 | iyavuvukala, ivuvukala | evuvukalayo, evuvukala | ivuvukala | ayivuvukali | engavuvukali | ingavuvukali |
| Class 10 | ziyavuvukala, zivuvukala | ezivuvukalayo, ezivuvukala | zivuvukala | azivuvukali | ezingavuvukali | zingavuvukali |
| Class 11 | luyavuvukala, luvuvukala | oluvuvukalayo, oluvuvukala | luvuvukala | aluvuvukali | olungavuvukali | lungavuvukali |
| Class 14 | buyavuvukala, buvuvukala | obuvuvukalayo, obuvuvukala | buvuvukala | abuvuvukali | obungavuvukali | bungavuvukali |
| Class 15 | kuyavuvukala, kuvuvukala | okuvuvukalayo, okuvuvukala | kuvuvukala | akuvuvukali | okungavuvukali | kungavuvukali |
| Class 17 | kuyavuvukala, kuvuvukala | okuvuvukalayo, okuvuvukala | kuvuvukala | akuvuvukali | okungavuvukali | kungavuvukali |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngivuvukalile, ngivuvukalē | engivuvukalile, engivuvukalē | ngivuvukalile, ngivuvukalē | angivuvukalanga | engingavuvukalanga | ngingavuvukalanga |
| 2nd singular | uvuvukalile, uvuvukalē | ovuvukalile, ovuvukalē | uvuvukalile, uvuvukalē | awuvuvukalanga | ongavuvukalanga | ungavuvukalanga |
| 1st plural | sivuvukalile, sivuvukalē | esivuvukalile, esivuvukalē | sivuvukalile, sivuvukalē | asivuvukalanga | esingavuvukalanga | singavuvukalanga |
| 2nd plural | nivuvukalile, nivuvukalē | enivuvukalile, enivuvukalē | nivuvukalile, nivuvukalē | anivuvukalanga | eningavuvukalanga | ningavuvukalanga |
| Class 1 | uvuvukalile, uvuvukalē | ovuvukalile, ovuvukalē | evuvukalile, evuvukalē | akavuvukalanga | ongavuvukalanga | engavuvukalanga |
| Class 2 | bavuvukalile, bavuvukalē | abavuvukalile, abavuvukalē | bevuvukalile, bevuvukalē | abavuvukalanga | abangavuvukalanga | bengavuvukalanga |
| Class 3 | uvuvukalile, uvuvukalē | ovuvukalile, ovuvukalē | uvuvukalile, uvuvukalē | awuvuvukalanga | ongavuvukalanga | ungavuvukalanga |
| Class 4 | ivuvukalile, ivuvukalē | evuvukalile, evuvukalē | ivuvukalile, ivuvukalē | ayivuvukalanga | engavuvukalanga | ingavuvukalanga |
| Class 5 | livuvukalile, livuvukalē | elivuvukalile, elivuvukalē | livuvukalile, livuvukalē | alivuvukalanga | elingavuvukalanga | lingavuvukalanga |
| Class 6 | avuvukalile, avuvukalē | avuvukalile, avuvukalē | evuvukalile, evuvukalē | awavuvukalanga | angavuvukalanga | engavuvukalanga |
| Class 7 | sivuvukalile, sivuvukalē | esivuvukalile, esivuvukalē | sivuvukalile, sivuvukalē | asivuvukalanga | esingavuvukalanga | singavuvukalanga |
| Class 8 | zivuvukalile, zivuvukalē | ezivuvukalile, ezivuvukalē | zivuvukalile, zivuvukalē | azivuvukalanga | ezingavuvukalanga | zingavuvukalanga |
| Class 9 | ivuvukalile, ivuvukalē | evuvukalile, evuvukalē | ivuvukalile, ivuvukalē | ayivuvukalanga | engavuvukalanga | ingavuvukalanga |
| Class 10 | zivuvukalile, zivuvukalē | ezivuvukalile, ezivuvukalē | zivuvukalile, zivuvukalē | azivuvukalanga | ezingavuvukalanga | zingavuvukalanga |
| Class 11 | luvuvukalile, luvuvukalē | oluvuvukalile, oluvuvukalē | luvuvukalile, luvuvukalē | aluvuvukalanga | olungavuvukalanga | lungavuvukalanga |
| Class 14 | buvuvukalile, buvuvukalē | obuvuvukalile, obuvuvukalē | buvuvukalile, buvuvukalē | abuvuvukalanga | obungavuvukalanga | bungavuvukalanga |
| Class 15 | kuvuvukalile, kuvuvukalē | okuvuvukalile, okuvuvukalē | kuvuvukalile, kuvuvukalē | akuvuvukalanga | okungavuvukalanga | kungavuvukalanga |
| Class 17 | kuvuvukalile, kuvuvukalē | okuvuvukalile, okuvuvukalē | kuvuvukalile, kuvuvukalē | akuvuvukalanga | okungavuvukalanga | kungavuvukalanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāvuvukala | engāvuvukala | ngāvuvukala | angivuvukalanga | engingavuvukalanga | ngingavuvukalanga |
| 2nd singular | wāvuvukala | owāvuvukala | wāvuvukala | awuvuvukalanga | ongavuvukalanga | ungavuvukalanga |
| 1st plural | sāvuvukala | esāvuvukala | sāvuvukala | asivuvukalanga | esingavuvukalanga | singavuvukalanga |
| 2nd plural | nāvuvukala | enāvuvukala | nāvuvukala | anivuvukalanga | eningavuvukalanga | ningavuvukalanga |
| Class 1 | wāvuvukala | owāvuvukala | āvuvukala | akavuvukalanga | ongavuvukalanga | engavuvukalanga |
| Class 2 | bāvuvukala | abāvuvukala | bāvuvukala | abavuvukalanga | abangavuvukalanga | bengavuvukalanga |
| Class 3 | wāvuvukala | owāvuvukala | wāvuvukala | awuvuvukalanga | ongavuvukalanga | ungavuvukalanga |
| Class 4 | yāvuvukala | eyāvuvukala | yāvuvukala | ayivuvukalanga | engavuvukalanga | ingavuvukalanga |
| Class 5 | lāvuvukala | elāvuvukala | lāvuvukala | alivuvukalanga | elingavuvukalanga | lingavuvukalanga |
| Class 6 | āvuvukala | āvuvukala | āvuvukala | awavuvukalanga | angavuvukalanga | engavuvukalanga |
| Class 7 | sāvuvukala | esāvuvukala | sāvuvukala | asivuvukalanga | esingavuvukalanga | singavuvukalanga |
| Class 8 | zāvuvukala | ezāvuvukala | zāvuvukala | azivuvukalanga | ezingavuvukalanga | zingavuvukalanga |
| Class 9 | yāvuvukala | eyāvuvukala | yāvuvukala | ayivuvukalanga | engavuvukalanga | ingavuvukalanga |
| Class 10 | zāvuvukala | ezāvuvukala | zāvuvukala | azivuvukalanga | ezingavuvukalanga | zingavuvukalanga |
| Class 11 | lwāvuvukala | olwāvuvukala | lwāvuvukala | aluvuvukalanga | olungavuvukalanga | lungavuvukalanga |
| Class 14 | bāvuvukala | obāvuvukala | bāvuvukala | abuvuvukalanga | obungavuvukalanga | bungavuvukalanga |
| Class 15 | kwāvuvukala | okwāvuvukala | kwāvuvukala | akuvuvukalanga | okungavuvukalanga | kungavuvukalanga |
| Class 17 | kwāvuvukala | okwāvuvukala | kwāvuvukala | akuvuvukalanga | okungavuvukalanga | kungavuvukalanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingavuvukala | — | ngingavuvukala | ngingevuvukale | — | ngingevuvukale |
| 2nd singular | ungavuvukala | — | ungavuvukala | ungevuvukale | — | ungevuvukale |
| 1st plural | singavuvukala | — | singavuvukala | singevuvukale | — | singevuvukale |
| 2nd plural | ningavuvukala | — | ningavuvukala | ningevuvukale | — | ningevuvukale |
| Class 1 | angavuvukala | — | engavuvukala | angevuvukale | — | engevuvukale |
| Class 2 | bangavuvukala | — | bengavuvukala | bangevuvukale | — | bengevuvukale |
| Class 3 | ungavuvukala | — | ungavuvukala | ungevuvukale | — | ungevuvukale |
| Class 4 | ingavuvukala | — | ingavuvukala | ingevuvukale | — | ingevuvukale |
| Class 5 | lingavuvukala | — | lingavuvukala | lingevuvukale | — | lingevuvukale |
| Class 6 | angavuvukala | — | engavuvukala | angevuvukale | — | engevuvukale |
| Class 7 | singavuvukala | — | singavuvukala | singevuvukale | — | singevuvukale |
| Class 8 | zingavuvukala | — | zingavuvukala | zingevuvukale | — | zingevuvukale |
| Class 9 | ingavuvukala | — | ingavuvukala | ingevuvukale | — | ingevuvukale |
| Class 10 | zingavuvukala | — | zingavuvukala | zingevuvukale | — | zingevuvukale |
| Class 11 | lungavuvukala | — | lungavuvukala | lungevuvukale | — | lungevuvukale |
| Class 14 | bungavuvukala | — | bungavuvukala | bungevuvukale | — | bungevuvukale |
| Class 15 | kungavuvukala | — | kungavuvukala | kungevuvukale | — | kungevuvukale |
| Class 17 | kungavuvukala | — | kungavuvukala | kungevuvukale | — | kungevuvukale |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizovuvukala | engizovuvukala | ngizovuvukala | angizuvuvukala | engingezuvuvukala | ngingezuvuvukala |
| 2nd singular | uzovuvukala | ozovuvukala | uzovuvukala | awuzuvuvukala | ongezuvuvukala | ungezuvuvukala |
| 1st plural | sizovuvukala | esizovuvukala | sizovuvukala | asizuvuvukala | esingezuvuvukala | singezuvuvukala |
| 2nd plural | nizovuvukala | enizovuvukala | nizovuvukala | anizuvuvukala | eningezuvuvukala | ningezuvuvukala |
| Class 1 | uzovuvukala | ozovuvukala | ezovuvukala | akazuvuvukala | ongezuvuvukala | engezuvuvukala |
| Class 2 | bazovuvukala | abazovuvukala | bezovuvukala | abazuvuvukala | abangezuvuvukala | bengezuvuvukala |
| Class 3 | uzovuvukala | ozovuvukala | uzovuvukala | awuzuvuvukala | ongezuvuvukala | ungezuvuvukala |
| Class 4 | izovuvukala | ezovuvukala | izovuvukala | ayizuvuvukala | engezuvuvukala | ingezuvuvukala |
| Class 5 | lizovuvukala | elizovuvukala | lizovuvukala | alizuvuvukala | elingezuvuvukala | lingezuvuvukala |
| Class 6 | azovuvukala | azovuvukala | ezovuvukala | awazuvuvukala | angezuvuvukala | engezuvuvukala |
| Class 7 | sizovuvukala | esizovuvukala | sizovuvukala | asizuvuvukala | esingezuvuvukala | singezuvuvukala |
| Class 8 | zizovuvukala | ezizovuvukala | zizovuvukala | azizuvuvukala | ezingezuvuvukala | zingezuvuvukala |
| Class 9 | izovuvukala | ezovuvukala | izovuvukala | ayizuvuvukala | engezuvuvukala | ingezuvuvukala |
| Class 10 | zizovuvukala | ezizovuvukala | zizovuvukala | azizuvuvukala | ezingezuvuvukala | zingezuvuvukala |
| Class 11 | luzovuvukala | oluzovuvukala | luzovuvukala | aluzuvuvukala | olungezuvuvukala | lungezuvuvukala |
| Class 14 | buzovuvukala | obuzovuvukala | buzovuvukala | abuzuvuvukala | obungezuvuvukala | bungezuvuvukala |
| Class 15 | kuzovuvukala | okuzovuvukala | kuzovuvukala | akuzuvuvukala | okungezuvuvukala | kungezuvuvukala |
| Class 17 | kuzovuvukala | okuzovuvukala | kuzovuvukala | akuzuvuvukala | okungezuvuvukala | kungezuvuvukala |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyovuvukala | engiyovuvukala | ngiyovuvukala | angiyuvuvukala | engingeyuvuvukala | ngingeyuvuvukala |
| 2nd singular | uyovuvukala | oyovuvukala | uyovuvukala | awuyuvuvukala | ongeyuvuvukala | ungeyuvuvukala |
| 1st plural | siyovuvukala | esiyovuvukala | siyovuvukala | asiyuvuvukala | esingeyuvuvukala | singeyuvuvukala |
| 2nd plural | niyovuvukala | eniyovuvukala | niyovuvukala | aniyuvuvukala | eningeyuvuvukala | ningeyuvuvukala |
| Class 1 | uyovuvukala | oyovuvukala | eyovuvukala | akayuvuvukala | ongeyuvuvukala | engeyuvuvukala |
| Class 2 | bayovuvukala | abayovuvukala | beyovuvukala | abayuvuvukala | abangeyuvuvukala | bengeyuvuvukala |
| Class 3 | uyovuvukala | oyovuvukala | uyovuvukala | awuyuvuvukala | ongeyuvuvukala | ungeyuvuvukala |
| Class 4 | iyovuvukala | eyovuvukala | iyovuvukala | ayiyuvuvukala | engeyuvuvukala | ingeyuvuvukala |
| Class 5 | liyovuvukala | eliyovuvukala | liyovuvukala | aliyuvuvukala | elingeyuvuvukala | lingeyuvuvukala |
| Class 6 | ayovuvukala | ayovuvukala | eyovuvukala | awayuvuvukala | angeyuvuvukala | engeyuvuvukala |
| Class 7 | siyovuvukala | esiyovuvukala | siyovuvukala | asiyuvuvukala | esingeyuvuvukala | singeyuvuvukala |
| Class 8 | ziyovuvukala | eziyovuvukala | ziyovuvukala | aziyuvuvukala | ezingeyuvuvukala | zingeyuvuvukala |
| Class 9 | iyovuvukala | eyovuvukala | iyovuvukala | ayiyuvuvukala | engeyuvuvukala | ingeyuvuvukala |
| Class 10 | ziyovuvukala | eziyovuvukala | ziyovuvukala | aziyuvuvukala | ezingeyuvuvukala | zingeyuvuvukala |
| Class 11 | luyovuvukala | oluyovuvukala | luyovuvukala | aluyuvuvukala | olungeyuvuvukala | lungeyuvuvukala |
| Class 14 | buyovuvukala | obuyovuvukala | buyovuvukala | abuyuvuvukala | obungeyuvuvukala | bungeyuvuvukala |
| Class 15 | kuyovuvukala | okuyovuvukala | kuyovuvukala | akuyuvuvukala | okungeyuvuvukala | kungeyuvuvukala |
| Class 17 | kuyovuvukala | okuyovuvukala | kuyovuvukala | akuyuvuvukala | okungeyuvuvukala | kungeyuvuvukala |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngivuvukale | ngingavuvukali |
| 2nd singular | uvuvukale | ungavuvukali |
| 1st plural | sivuvukale | singavuvukali |
| 2nd plural | nivuvukale | ningavuvukali |
| Class 1 | avuvukale | angavuvukali |
| Class 2 | bavuvukale | bangavuvukali |
| Class 3 | uvuvukale | ungavuvukali |
| Class 4 | ivuvukale | ingavuvukali |
| Class 5 | livuvukale | lingavuvukali |
| Class 6 | avuvukale | angavuvukali |
| Class 7 | sivuvukale | singavuvukali |
| Class 8 | zivuvukale | zingavuvukali |
| Class 9 | ivuvukale | ingavuvukali |
| Class 10 | zivuvukale | zingavuvukali |
| Class 11 | luvuvukale | lungavuvukali |
| Class 14 | buvuvukale | bungavuvukali |
| Class 15 | kuvuvukale | kungavuvukali |
| Class 17 | kuvuvukale | kungavuvukali |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngavuvukala | ngangavuvukala, angavuvukala, angangavuvukala |
| 2nd singular | wavuvukala | wangavuvukala, awavuvukala, awangavuvukala |
| 1st plural | savuvukala | sangavuvukala, asavuvukala, asangavuvukala |
| 2nd plural | navuvukala | nangavuvukala, anavuvukala, anangavuvukala |
| Class 1 | wavuvukala | wangavuvukala, akavuvukala, akangavuvukala |
| Class 2 | bavuvukala | bangavuvukala, abavuvukala, abangavuvukala |
| Class 3 | wavuvukala | wangavuvukala, awavuvukala, awangavuvukala |
| Class 4 | yavuvukala | yangavuvukala, ayavuvukala, ayangavuvukala |
| Class 5 | lavuvukala | langavuvukala, alavuvukala, alangavuvukala |
| Class 6 | avuvukala | angavuvukala, awavuvukala, awangavuvukala |
| Class 7 | savuvukala | sangavuvukala, asavuvukala, asangavuvukala |
| Class 8 | zavuvukala | zangavuvukala, azavuvukala, azangavuvukala |
| Class 9 | yavuvukala | yangavuvukala, ayavuvukala, ayangavuvukala |
| Class 10 | zavuvukala | zangavuvukala, azavuvukala, azangavuvukala |
| Class 11 | lwavuvukala | lwangavuvukala, alwavuvukala, alwangavuvukala |
| Class 14 | bavuvukala | bangavuvukala, abavuvukala, abangavuvukala |
| Class 15 | kwavuvukala | kwangavuvukala, akwavuvukala, akwangavuvukala |
| Class 17 | kwavuvukala | kwangavuvukala, akwavuvukala, akwangavuvukala |