# ⲥⲑⲟⲓ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲥⲧⲟⲓ (stoi) — Sahidic
* ⲥⲧⲁⲓ (stai) — Akhmimic, Fayyumic
* ⲥⲧⲁⲉⲓ (staei) — Lycopolitan

### Etymology

From Demotic sty, from Egyptian sṯj.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Old Bohairic) /(ə)sˈtʰoi̯/
* IPA: (Late Bohairic) /(a)sˈdui̯/
* IPA: (Greco-Bohairic) /esˈθoɪ̯/

### Verb

ⲥⲑⲟⲓ • (sthoi)
* (Bohairic) to smell

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲥⲑⲟⲓ sthoi | imperative | affirmative | ⲥⲑⲟⲓ sthoi |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲑⲟⲓ štemsthoi | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀persthoi |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲥⲑⲟⲓ tisthoi | ⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ ksthoi | ⲧⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ testhoi | ϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ fsthoi | ⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ ssthoi | ⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ tensthoi | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ tetensthoi | ⲥⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ sesthoi | ⲥⲑⲟⲓ sthoi |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ eisthoi | ⲉⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ eksthoi | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ eresthoi | ⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ efsthoi | ⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ essthoi | ⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ ensthoi | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ eretensthoi | ⲉⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ eusthoi | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ ere- sthoi |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲥⲑⲟⲓ etisthoi | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ eteksthoi | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ etesthoi | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ etefsthoi | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ etessthoi | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ etensthoi | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ etetensthoi | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ etousthoi | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ ete- sthoi |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ naisthoi | ⲛⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ naksthoi | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ naresthoi | ⲛⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ nafsthoi | ⲛⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ nassthoi | ⲛⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ nansthoi | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ naretensthoi | ⲛⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ nausthoi | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ nare- sthoi |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ aisthoi | ⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ aksthoi | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ aresthoi | ⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ afsthoi | ⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ assthoi | ⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ ansthoi | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ aretensthoi | ⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ austhoi | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ are- sthoi |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ tinasthoi | ⲭⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ khnasthoi | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ terasthoi | ϥⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ fnasthoi | ⲥⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ snasthoi | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ tennasthoi | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ tetennasthoi | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ senasthoi | ⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ nasthoi |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ einasthoi | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ ekhnasthoi | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ erenasthoi | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ efnasthoi | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ esnasthoi | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ ennasthoi | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ eretennasthoi | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ eunasthoi | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ ere- nasthoi |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ etinasthoi | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ etekhnasthoi | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ etenasthoi | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ etefnasthoi | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ etesnasthoi | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ etennasthoi | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ etetennasthoi | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ etounasthoi | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ ete- nasthoi |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ nainasthoi | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ nakhnasthoi | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ narenasthoi | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ nafnasthoi | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ nasnasthoi | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ nannasthoi | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ naretennasthoi | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ naunasthoi | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ nare- nasthoi |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ ainasthoi | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ akhnasthoi | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ arenasthoi | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ afnasthoi | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ asnasthoi | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ annasthoi | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ aretennasthoi | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ aunasthoi | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ are- nasthoi |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ aisthoi | ⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ aksthoi | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ aresthoi | ⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ afsthoi | ⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ assthoi | ⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ ansthoi | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ atetensthoi | ⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ austhoi | ⲁ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ a- sthoi |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀pisthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀peksthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀pesthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀pefsthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀pessthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀pensthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀petensthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀pousthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀pe- sthoi |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ eaisthoi | ⲉⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ eaksthoi | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ earesthoi | ⲉⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ eafsthoi | ⲉⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ eassthoi | ⲉⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ eansthoi | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ eatetensthoi | ⲉⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ eausthoi | ⲉⲁ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ ea- sthoi |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pisthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀peksthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pesthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pefsthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pessthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pensthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀petensthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pousthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pe- sthoi |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ etaisthoi | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ etaksthoi | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ etaresthoi | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ etafsthoi | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ etassthoi | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ etansthoi | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ etaretensthoi | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ etausthoi | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ eta- sthoi |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀pisthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀peksthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀pesthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀pefsthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀pessthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀pensthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀petensthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀pousthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀pe- sthoi |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ neaisthoi | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ neaksthoi | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ nearesthoi | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ neafsthoi | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ neassthoi | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ neansthoi | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ neatetensthoi | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ neausthoi | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ nea- sthoi |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ nem̀pisthoi | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ nem̀peksthoi | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ nem̀pesthoi | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ nem̀pefsthoi | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ nem̀pessthoi | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ nem̀pensthoi | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ nem̀petensthoi | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ nem̀pousthoi | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ nem̀pe- sthoi |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ etaisthoi | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ etaksthoi | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ etaresthoi | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ etafsthoi | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ etassthoi | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ etansthoi | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ etaretensthoi | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ etausthoi | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ eta- sthoi |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀patisthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀pateksthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀patesthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀patefsthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀patessthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀patensthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀patetensthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀patousthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀pate- sthoi |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀patisthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pateksthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀patesthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀patefsthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀patessthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀patensthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀patetensthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀patousthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pate- sthoi |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀patisthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀pateksthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀patesthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀patefsthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀patessthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀patensthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀patetensthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀patousthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀pate- sthoi |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀patisthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀pateksthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀patesthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀patefsthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀patessthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀patensthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀patetensthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀patousthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀pate- sthoi |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ šaisthoi | ϣⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ šaksthoi | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ šaresthoi | ϣⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ šafsthoi | ϣⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ šassthoi | ϣⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ šansthoi | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ šatetensthoi | ϣⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ šausthoi | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ šare- sthoi |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀paisthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀paksthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀paresthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀pafsthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀passthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀pansthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀paretensthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀pausthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀pare- sthoi |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ ešaisthoi | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ ešaksthoi | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ ešaresthoi | ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ ešafsthoi | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ ešassthoi | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ ešansthoi | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ ešatetensthoi | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ ešausthoi | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ ešare- sthoi |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀paisthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀paksthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀paresthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pafsthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀passthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pansthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀paretensthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pausthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pare- sthoi |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ etšaisthoi | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ etšaksthoi | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ etšaresthoi | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ etšafsthoi | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ etšassthoi | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ etšansthoi | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ etšatetensthoi | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ etšausthoi | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ etšare- sthoi |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀paisthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀paksthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀paresthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀pafsthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀passthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀pansthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀paretensthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀pausthoi | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ etm̀pare- sthoi |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ našaisthoi | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ našaksthoi | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ našaresthoi | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ našafsthoi | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ našassthoi | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ našansthoi | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ našatetensthoi | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ našausthoi | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ našare- sthoi |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀paisthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀paksthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀paresthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀pafsthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀passthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀pansthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀paretensthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀pausthoi | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ nam̀pare- sthoi |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀paisthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀paksthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀paresthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pafsthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀passthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pansthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀paretensthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pausthoi | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ em̀pare- sthoi |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ eiesthoi | ⲉⲕⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ ekesthoi | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ eresthoi | ⲉϥⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ efesthoi | ⲉⲥⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ esesthoi | ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ enesthoi | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ eretenesthoi | ⲉⲩⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ euesthoi | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ ere- sthoi |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹnasthoi | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹneksthoi | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹnesthoi | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹnefsthoi | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹnessthoi | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹnensthoi | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹnetensthoi | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹnousthoi | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹne- sthoi |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ maristhoi | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ marefsthoi | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ maressthoi | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ marensthoi | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ marousthoi | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ mare- sthoi |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀penthristhoi | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀penthrefsthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀penthressthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀penthrensthoi | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀penthreusthoi | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ m̀penthre- sthoi |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹtasthoi | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹteksthoi | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹtesthoi | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹtefsthoi | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹtessthoi | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹtensthoi | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹtetensthoi | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹsesthoi, ǹtousthoi | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ ǹte- sthoi |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ taristhoi | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ tareksthoi | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ taresthoi | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ tarefsthoi | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ taressthoi | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ tarensthoi | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ taretensthoi | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ tarousthoi | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ tare- sthoi |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲥⲑⲟⲓ šatisthoi | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ šateksthoi | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ šatesthoi | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ šatefsthoi | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ šatessthoi | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ šatensthoi | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ šatetensthoi | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ šatousthoi | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ šate- sthoi |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ aišansthoi | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ akšansthoi | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ arešansthoi | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ afšansthoi | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ asšansthoi | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ anšansthoi | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ aretenšansthoi | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ aušansthoi | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ arešan- sthoi |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲥⲑⲟⲓ aisthoi | ⲁⲕⲥⲑⲟⲓ aksthoi | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲟⲓ aresthoi | ⲁϥⲥⲑⲟⲓ afsthoi | ⲁⲥⲥⲑⲟⲓ assthoi | ⲁⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ ansthoi | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲑⲟⲓ aretensthoi | ⲁⲩⲥⲑⲟⲓ austhoi | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲑⲟⲓ are- sthoi |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### Noun

ⲥⲑⲟⲓ • (sthoi) m
* (Bohairic) fragrance

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 165
* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 362