# 湎

| 湎 | U+6E4E, &#28238; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E4E |
| ← 湍 [U+6E4D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 湏 → [U+6E4F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

湎 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水一田中 (EMWL), four-corner 3116$_0$, composition ⿰氵面)
* flushed with drink, drunk

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 636, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17826
* Dae Jaweon: page 1043, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1672, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6E4E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蝒 | *men |
| 緬 | *menʔ |
| 湎 | *menʔ |
| 愐 | *menʔ |
| 偭 | *menʔ, *mens |
| 勔 | *menʔ |
| 面 | *mens |
| 麵 | *meːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *menʔ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 面 (OC *mens).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): miǎn (mian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): min$^5$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bián / biān / bín
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: miǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: miǎn
*** Wade–Giles: mien$^3$
*** Yale: myǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mean
*** Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: min$^5$
*** Yale: míhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: min$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: min$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːn¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: meng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɛŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián / biān / bín
*** Tâi-lô: bián / biān / bín
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biern, bien, bien
*** IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn⁵³/, /biɛn²²/, /bin⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴/, /biɛn⁴¹/, /bin⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³/, /biɛn²²/, /bin⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³/, /biɛn³³/, /bin⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹/, /biɛn³³/, /bin⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: mjienX
Rime :
| Character | 湎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 彌兖切 |
| Baxter | mjienX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /miᴇn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miɛn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mjæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mian$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /miɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭɛn$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯ɛn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | miǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | min$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*menʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*menʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 湎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | miǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjien$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*menʔ/ |
| English | sink in (wine) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 湎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9094 |
| Phonetic component | 面 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 緬 |
| Old Chinese | /*menʔ/ |

### Definitions

湎
* (literary) to give in to drinking; to lose oneself in drink
* (literary) to indulge in; to wallow in; to abandon oneself to

#### Compounds

* 沉湎 (chénmiǎn)
* 沉湎淫逸
* 流湎
* 湎湎
* 湎湎紛紛／湎湎纷纷
* 玄石沉湎
* 耽湎
* 荒湎

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “湎”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 157.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* be immersed in
* be absorbed in

#### Readings

* Go-on: めん (men)
* Kan-on: べん (ben)
* Kun: おぼれる (oboreru, 湎れる)、しずむ (shizumu, 湎む)

## Korean
### Hanja

湎 • (myeon) (hangeul 면, revised myeon, McCune–Reischauer myŏn, Yale myen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

湎: Hán Nôm readings: giờn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.