# उल्का
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उल्का (ulkā́, “meteor”), which is probably related to Sanskrit वर्चस्- (várcas-, “luster”), from a root Proto-Indo-Iranian *warč-. Cognates include Hindi ऊक (ūk, “torch”), Bengali ঊক্ (uk, “torch”), Odia ଉକା (ukā, “torch, flash of fire, meteor”), Punjabi ਉਲਕਾ (ulakā), Assamese উকা (uka, “ignis fatuus”), Persian ورج (varj, “dignity”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʊl.kɑː/, [ʊl.käː]

### Noun

उल्का • (ulkā) f
* (astronomy) meteor
    उल्का वर्षा ― ulkā varṣā ― meteor shower
** (Can we date this quote?), Pradeep Kumar Mishra, अंतरिक्ष नगर [antrikṣ nagar, Space City]:परंतु पंकज इधर-उधर ऊपर-नीचे होकर बचता रहा। अचानक दोनों के बीच में एक बड़ा सा उल्का पिंड आ गया।parantu paṅkaj idhar-udhar ūpar-nīce hokar bactā rahā. acānak donõ ke bīc mẽ ek baṛā sā ulkā piṇḍ ā gayā.But Pankaj saved himself going here-and-there, under-and-over. Suddenly, a meteor came between the two.

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 231
* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ulkā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 111

### Further reading

* Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press
* Monier-Williams (1872): A Sanskṛit-English Dictionary Etymologically and Philologically Arranged: With Special Reference to Greek, Latin, Gothic, German, Anglo-Saxon, and Other Cognate Indo-European Languages
* Blažek, Václav (2010): The Indo-european "Smith"

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* উল্কা (Assamese script)
* ᬉᬮ᭄ᬓᬵ (Balinese script)
* উল্কা (Bengali script)
* 𑰄𑰩𑰿𑰎𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀉𑀮𑁆𑀓𑀸 (Brahmi script)
* ဥလ္ကာ (Burmese script)
* ઉલ્કા (Gujarati script)
* ਉਲ੍ਕਾ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌉𑌲𑍍𑌕𑌾 (Grantha script)
* ꦈꦭ꧀ꦏꦴ (Javanese script)
* 𑂇𑂪𑂹𑂍𑂰 (Kaithi script)
* ಉಲ್ಕಾ (Kannada script)
* ឧល្កា (Khmer script)
* ອຸລ຺ກາ (Lao script)
* ഉല്കാ (Malayalam script)
* ᡠᠯᡬᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
* 𑘄𑘩𑘿𑘎𑘰 (Modi script)
* ᠤᠯᢉᠠ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦤𑧉𑧠𑦮𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐄𑐮𑑂𑐎𑐵 (Newa script)
* ଉଲ୍କା (Odia script)
* ꢆꢭ꣄ꢒꢵ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆇𑆬𑇀𑆑𑆳 (Sharada script)
* 𑖄𑖩𑖿𑖎𑖯 (Siddham script)
* උල‍්කා (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩒𑩽 𑪙𑩜𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚄𑚥𑚶𑚊𑚭 (Takri script)
* உல்கா (Tamil script)
* ఉల్కా (Telugu script)
* อุลฺกา (Thai script)
* ཨུ་ལྐཱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒅𑒪𑓂𑒏𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨃𑨬𑩇𑨋𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Uncertain. Probably related to वर्चस् (várcas-, “lustre”). Maybe related to Latin Vulcānus.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ul.kɑː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈul̪.kɑː/

### Noun

उल्का • (ulkā́) stem, f
* meteor
* fiery appearance
* torch

#### Descendants

* → Hindi: उल्का (ulkā)
* → Kannada: ಉಲ್ಕೆ (ulke)
* → Malayalam: ഉല്ക (ulka), ഉല്ക്ക (ulkka), ഉൽക (ulka), ഉൽക്ക (ulkka), ഉത്ക (utka)
* → Telugu: ఉల్క (ulka)

### References

* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 231-32

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “उल्का”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 218, column 3.
* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “उल्का”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “उल्का”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “उल्क”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016