OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 列挙
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 列 | 挙 |
| れつ > れっ Grade: 3 | きょ Grade: 4 |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spelling
* 列擧 (kyūjitai)

### Noun

列(れっ)挙(きょ) • (rekkyo)
* enumeration, specification
** 1990, Hiraku Tōyama, Sūgaku wa henbō suru [Transform mathematics], page 206:
    要(よう)素(そ)の数(すう)が多(おお)くなると、この列(れっ)挙(きょ)の方(ほう)法(ほう)はひどく厄(やっ)介(かい)なものになる。
       Yōso no sū ga ōku naru to, kono rekkyo no hōhō wa hidoku yakkaina mono ni naru.
       When the number of factors becomes large, this process of enumeration becomes quite burdensome.

### Verb

列(れっ)挙(きょ)する • (rekkyo suru) suru (stem 列(れっ)挙(きょ)し (rekkyo shi), past 列(れっ)挙(きょ)した (rekkyo shita))
* to enumerate, to list
# 凝灰岩
## Chinese

* 凝灰岩

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nínghuīyán
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄟ ㄧㄢˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nínghuīyán
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄟ ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nínghueiyán
*** Wade–Giles: ning$^2$-hui$^1$-yen$^2$
*** Yale: níng-hwēi-yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ninghueiyan
*** Palladius: нинхуэйянь (ninxuejjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /niŋ³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/

### Noun

凝灰岩
* (petrology) tuff

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 凝 | 灰 | 岩 |
| ぎょう Grade: S | かい Grade: 6 | がん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぎょーかいがん [gyòókáꜜìgàǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [ɡʲo̞ːka̠iɡã̠ɴ]

### Noun

凝(ぎょう)灰(かい)岩(がん) • (gyōkaigan)
* (petrology) tuff

#### Derived terms

* 緑色凝灰岩(りょくしょくぎょうかいがん) (ryokushoku gyōkaigan, “green tuff”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 凝 | 灰 | 岩 |

### Noun

凝灰岩 • (eunghoeam) (hangeul 응회암)
* hanja form of 응회암 (“(petrology) tuff”)
# 凝滯
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): níngzhì
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jing$^4$ zai$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: níngzhì
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: níngjhìh
*** Wade–Giles: ning$^2$-chih$^4$
*** Yale: níng-jr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ningjyh
*** Palladius: нинчжи (ninčži)
*** Sinological IPA : /niŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^4$ zai$^6$
*** Yale: yìhng jaih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^4$ dzai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^4$ zei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ²¹ t͡sɐi̯²²/

### Verb

凝滯
* (literally and figuratively) to congeal and stop flowing; to stagnate

#### Synonyms

* 停滯／停滞 (tíngzhì)
* 停留 (tíngliú)

### Noun

凝滯
* (～卦) A combination 三上四中二下 in the Lingqijing.

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 凝 | 滯 |

### Verb

凝滯
* chữ Hán form of ngưng trệ (“to stagnate”).
# 凝噎
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 凝噎 – see 凝咽 (“to choke with sobs; sorrowful”). (This term is a variant form of 凝咽).
# 函數依賴
## Chinese

| | | function | to rely on; to depend on; to be dependent on each other |
| trad. (函數依賴) | trad. (函數依賴) | 函數 | 依賴 |
| simp. (函数依赖) | simp. (函数依赖) | 函数 | 依赖 |
* 函數依賴

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hánshù yīlài
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˊ ㄕㄨˋ ㄧ ㄌㄞˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hánshù yīlài
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ ㄕㄨˋ ㄧ ㄌㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hánshù yilài
*** Wade–Giles: han$^2$-shu$^4$ i$^1$-lai$^4$
*** Yale: hán-shù yī-lài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harnshuh ilay
*** Palladius: ханьшу илай (xanʹšu ilaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän³⁵ ʂu⁵¹ i⁵⁵ laɪ̯⁵¹/

### Noun

函數依賴
* (databases) functional dependency
# 压碎
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 压碎 – see 壓碎 (“to crush to pieces”). (This term is the simplified form of 壓碎).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 副屏
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fùpíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fùpíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fùpíng
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^4$-pʻing$^2$
*** Yale: fù-píng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuhpyng
*** Palladius: фупин (fupin)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

### Noun

副屏
* (computing) secondary screen

#### Antonyms

* 主屏 (zhǔpíng)
# 出界
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chūjiè
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceot$^1$ gaai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chūjiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chujiè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻu$^1$-chieh$^4$
*** Yale: chū-jyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chujieh
*** Palladius: чуцзе (čucze)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$出借 出界
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceot$^1$ gaai$^3$
*** Yale: chēut gaai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoet$^7$ gaai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêd$^1$ gai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ kaːi̯³³/

### Verb

出界
* to be outside the borders; to be outside the lines
    你塗出界了！／你涂出界了！ ― Nǐ tú chūjiè le! ― You're colouring outside the lines!
* (sports, of ball) to be out-of-bounds
# 出生证明书
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 出生证明书 – see 出生證明書 (“birth certificate”). (This term is the simplified form of 出生證明書).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 包種茶
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bāozhòngchá
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄚˊ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pau-chióng-tê
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bāozhòngchá
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: baojhòngchá
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^1$-chung$^4$-chʻa$^2$
*** Yale: bāu-jùng-chá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baujonqchar
*** Palladius: баочжунча (baočžunča)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pau-chióng-tê
*** Tâi-lô: pau-tsióng-tê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pauciofngdee
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pau³³ t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te²³/

### Noun

包種茶
* pouchong tea
# 刎頚之交
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 刎 | 頚 | 之 | 交 |
| ふん Hyōgai | けい Hyōgai | の Jinmeiyō | まじ(わり) Grade: 2 |
| kan'yōon | kan'on | kun'yomi | kun'yomi |
* Alternative spelling
* 刎頸之交 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 刎頚之交 – see the following entry. :
| 【刎頸ふんけいの交まじわり】 | [idiom] a solid friendship of no regret even if one is to be beheaded for the other; friends sworn to death, eternal friendship Alternative spellings 刎頚の交わり, 刎頸之交 |
(This term, 刎頚之交, is an alternative spelling (extended shinjitai) of the above term.) :
# 南半球
## Chinese

* 南半球

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nánbànqiú
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): naam$^4$ bun$^3$ kau$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lâm-pòaⁿ-kiû
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nánbànqiú
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nánbàncióu
*** Wade–Giles: nan$^2$-pan$^4$-chʻiu$^2$
*** Yale: nán-bàn-chyóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nanbannchyou
*** Palladius: наньбаньцю (nanʹbanʹcju)
*** Sinological IPA : /nän³⁵ pän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naam$^4$ bun$^3$ kau$^4$
*** Yale: nàahm bun kàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naam$^4$ bun$^3$ kau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nam$^4$ bun$^3$ keo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːm²¹ puːn³³ kʰɐu̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâm-pòaⁿ-kiû
*** Tâi-lô: lâm-puànn-kiû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lampvoarkiuu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴⁻²² puã²¹⁻⁵³ kiu²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴⁻²² puã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiu²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³⁻²² puã²¹⁻⁵³ kiu¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ puã¹¹⁻⁵³ kiu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ puã²¹⁻⁴¹ kiu²³/

### Noun

南半球
* Southern Hemisphere
* (slang) underboob

#### Antonyms

* 北半球 (běibànqiú)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 南 | 半 | 球 |
| みなみ Grade: 2 | はん Grade: 2 | きゅう Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi | kan'on | kan'on |

### Etymology

From 南 (minami, “south”) +‎ 半球 (hankyū, “hemisphere”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みなみはんきゅう [mìnámíháꜜǹkyùù] (Nakadaka – [4])
* IPA: [mʲina̠mʲihã̠ŋʲkʲɨː]

### Noun

南(みなみ)半(はん)球(きゅう) • (minami hankyū)
* the Southern Hemisphere
    Antonym: 北半球 (Kita Hankyū)
* (slang) underboob

#### Derived terms

* 南(みなみ)半球(はんきゅう)環状(かんじょう)モード (Minami Hankyū Kanjō Mōdo)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 南 | 半 | 球 |

### Noun

南半球 • (namban-gu) (hangeul 남반구)
* hanja form of 남반구 (“Southern Hemisphere”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 南 | 半 | 球 |

### Noun

南半球
* chữ Hán form of nam bán cầu (“Southern Hemisphere”).
# 南华真人
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 南华真人 – see 南華真人 (“true man from the southern lands; Zhuangzi”). (This term is the simplified form of 南華真人).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 原生家庭
## Chinese

| | | primordial | family; household |
| simp. and trad. (原生家庭) | simp. and trad. (原生家庭) | 原生 | 家庭 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuánshēng jiātíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ ㄕㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄊㄧㄥˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuánshēng jiātíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ㄕㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄊㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuánsheng jiatíng
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^2$-shêng$^1$ chia$^1$-tʻing$^2$
*** Yale: ywán-shēng jyā-tíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuansheng jiatyng
*** Palladius: юаньшэн цзятин (juanʹšɛn czjatin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

### Noun

原生家庭
* family of origin
# 创伤
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 创伤 – see 創傷 (“trauma; physical injury; trauma; etc.”). (This term is the simplified form of 創傷).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 双重异装症
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 双重异装症 – see 雙重異裝症 (“dual-role transvestism”). (This term is the simplified form of 雙重異裝症).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 双重追诉
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 双重追诉 – see 雙重追訴 (“double jeopardy”). (This term is the simplified form of 雙重追訴).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 反贪
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 反贪 – see 反貪 (“to fight corruption”). (This term is the simplified form of 反貪).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 反调
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 反调 – see 反調 (“opposite view; opposing opinion”). (This term is the simplified form of 反調).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 反败为胜
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 反败为胜 – see 反敗為勝 (“to turn the tables; to turn defeat into victory”). (This term is the simplified form of 反敗為勝).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 吃干饭
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 吃干饭 – see 吃乾飯 (“to lack ability”). (This term is the simplified form of 吃乾飯).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 司前
## Chinese

* 司前鎮 (江門市) (Written Standard Chinese)
* 司前鎮 (始興縣) (Written Standard Chinese)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Sīqián
    (Zhuyin): ㄙ ㄑㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): si$^1$ cin$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Sīqián
*** Zhuyin: ㄙ ㄑㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Sihcián
*** Wade–Giles: Ssŭ$^1$-chʻien$^2$
*** Yale: Sz̄-chyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Sychyan
*** Palladius: Сыцянь (Sycjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^1$ cin$^4$
*** Yale: sī chìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^1$ tsin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^1$ qin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹/

### Proper noun

司前
* (～鎮) Siqian (a town in Xinhui district, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)
* (～鎮) Siqian (a town in Shixing, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)
# 吓窒
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 吓窒 – see 嚇窒 (“to frighten; to petrify; to shock”). (This term is the simplified form of 嚇窒).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 卡拉OK機
## Chinese

| | | karaoke | machine; opportunity; secret |
| trad. (卡拉OK機) | trad. (卡拉OK機) | 卡拉OK | 機 |
| simp. (卡拉OK机) | simp. (卡拉OK机) | 卡拉OK | 机 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kǎlā'ōukèijī, kǎlā'ōukēijī
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄚ ㄡ ㄎㄟˋ ㄐㄧ, ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄚ ㄡ ㄎㄟ ㄐㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kaa$^1$ laai$^1$ ou$^1$ kei$^1$ gei$^1$ / kaa$^1$ laa$^1$ ou$^1$ kei$^1$ gei$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǎlā'ōukèijī
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄚ ㄡ ㄎㄟˋ ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǎla-oukèiji
*** Wade–Giles: kʻa$^3$-la$^1$-ou$^1$-kʻei$^4$-chi$^1$
*** Yale: kǎ-lā-ōu-kèi-jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaalhaoukeyji
*** Palladius: кала’оукэйцзи (kala’oukɛjczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰeɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǎlā'ōukēijī
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄚ ㄡ ㄎㄟ ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǎla-oukeiji
*** Wade–Giles: kʻa$^3$-la$^1$-ou$^1$-kʻei$^1$-chi$^1$
*** Yale: kǎ-lā-ōu-kēi-jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaalhaoukeiji
*** Palladius: кала’оукэйцзи (kala’oukɛjczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kaa$^1$ laai$^1$ ou$^1$ kei$^1$ gei$^1$ / kaa$^1$ laa$^1$ ou$^1$ kei$^1$ gei$^1$
*** Yale: kā lāai ōu kēi gēi / kā lā ōu kēi gēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kaa$^1$ laai$^1$ ou$^1$ kei$^1$ gei$^1$ / kaa$^1$ laa$^1$ ou$^1$ kei$^1$ gei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ka$^1$ lai$^1$ ou$^1$ kéi$^1$ géi$^1$ / ka$^1$ la$^1$ ou$^1$ kéi$^1$ géi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ ou̯⁵⁵ kʰei̯⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/, /kʰaː⁵⁵ laː⁵⁵ ou̯⁵⁵ kʰei̯⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/

### Noun

卡拉OK機
* karaoke machine
# 吹雪く
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 吹 | 雪 |
| ふぶ ||
| Grade: S | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun ||

### Etymology

Historically ふふく (fufuku), from ふふ (fufu), which expresses the state of the wind blowing.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふぶく [fùbúꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟bɯ̟kɯ̟]

### Verb

吹雪(ふぶ)く • (fubuku) intransitive godan (stem 吹雪(ふぶ)き (fubuki), past 吹雪(ふぶ)いた (fubuita))
* (of wind) to blow violently
* (of wind) to blow while snow is falling

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 吹雪か | ふぶか | fubuka |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 吹雪き | ふぶき | fubuki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 吹雪く | ふぶく | fubuku |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 吹雪く | ふぶく | fubuku |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 吹雪け | ふぶけ | fubuke |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 吹雪け | ふぶけ | fubuke |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 吹雪かれる | ふぶかれる | fubukareru |
| Causative | 吹雪かせる 吹雪かす | ふぶかせる ふぶかす | fubukaseru fubukasu |
| Potential | 吹雪ける | ふぶける | fubukeru |
| Volitional | 吹雪こう | ふぶこう | fubukō |
| Negative | 吹雪かない | ふぶかない | fubukanai |
| Negative continuative | 吹雪かず | ふぶかず | fubukazu |
| Formal | 吹雪きます | ふぶきます | fubukimasu |
| Perfective | 吹雪いた | ふぶいた | fubuita |
| Conjunctive | 吹雪いて | ふぶいて | fubuite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 吹雪けば | ふぶけば | fubukeba |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 吹雪か | ふぶか | fubuka |
| Continuative (連用形) | 吹雪き | ふぶき | fubuki |
| Terminal (終止形) | 吹雪く | ふぶく | fubuku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 吹雪く | ふぶく | fubuku |
| Realis (已然形) | 吹雪け | ふぶけ | fubuke |
| Imperative (命令形) | 吹雪け | ふぶけ | fubuke |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 吹雪かず | ふぶかず | fubukazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 吹雪けど | ふぶけど | fubukedo |
| Causal conjunction | 吹雪けば | ふぶけば | fubukeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 吹雪かば | ふぶかば | fubukaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 吹雪きき | ふぶきき | fubukiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 吹雪きけり | ふぶきけり | fubukikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 吹雪きつ | ふぶきつ | fubukitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 吹雪きぬ | ふぶきぬ | fubukinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 吹雪けり 吹雪きたり | ふぶけり ふぶきたり | fubukeri fubukitari |
| Volitional | 吹雪かむ | ふぶかむ | fubukamu |

#### Derived terms

* 吹雪(ふぶき) (fubuki)

### References

* ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
# 吸猫
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 吸猫 – see 吸貓 (“to huff a cat”). (This term is the simplified form of 吸貓).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 反证
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 反证 – see 反證 (“disproof; counterevidence”). (This term is the simplified form of 反證).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 反诬
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 反诬 – see 反誣 (“to countercharge; to deny the charge and make a countercharge against somebody”). (This term is the simplified form of 反誣).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 周溝墓
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 周 | 溝 | 墓 |
| しゅう Grade: 4 | こう Grade: S | ぼ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi |||

### Etymology

From 周溝(しゅうこう) (shūkō) + 墓(ぼ) (bo).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゅうこーぼ [shùúkóꜜòbò] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [ɕɨːko̞ːbo̞]

### Noun

周(しゅう)溝(こう)墓(ぼ) • (shūkōbo)
* moated burial

#### Derived terms

* 方形周溝墓(ほうけいしゅうこうぼ) (hōkei shūkōbo)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 周潭
## Chinese

* 周潭

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Zhōután
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡ ㄊㄢˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōután
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ ㄊㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Jhoután
*** Wade–Giles: Chou$^1$-tʻan$^2$
*** Yale: Jōu-tán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Joutarn
*** Palladius: Чжоутань (Čžoutanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰän³⁵/

### Proper noun

周潭
* (～鎮) Zhoutan (a town in Zongyang, Tongling, Anhui, China)
# 发面
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 发面 – see 發麵 (“dough that has risen by fermentation; leavened dough; to cause dough to rise by fermentation”). (This term is the simplified form of 發麵).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 发颖
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 发颖 – see 發穎 (“to germinate; to sprout; to bud”). (This term is the simplified form of 發穎).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 哈密爾頓
## Chinese

| | | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic |
| trad. (哈密爾頓) | trad. (哈密爾頓) | 哈 | 密 | 爾 | 頓 |
| simp. (哈密尔顿) | simp. (哈密尔顿) | 哈 | 密 | 尔 | 顿 |
* 哈密爾頓

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Hāmì'ěrdùn
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄚ ㄇㄧˋ ㄦˇ ㄉㄨㄣˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Hāmì'ěrdùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄚ ㄇㄧˋ ㄦˇ ㄉㄨㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Hamì-ěrdùn
*** Wade–Giles: Ha$^1$-mi$^4$-êrh$^3$-tun$^4$
*** Yale: Hā-mì-ěr-dwùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Hamiheelduenn
*** Palladius: Хамиэрдунь (Xamierdunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xä⁵⁵ mi⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ən⁵¹/

### Proper noun

哈密爾頓
* (～市) Hamilton (a large port city in Ontario, Canada)
# 吹牛不打草稿
## Chinese

| | | to brag; to boast; to bluff | not; no | beat; strike; breakbeat; strike; break; mix up; build; fight; fetch; make; tie up; issue; shoot; calculate; since; from; dozen | rough draft; sketch; outline |
| trad. (吹牛不打草稿) | trad. (吹牛不打草稿) | 吹牛 | 不 | 打 | 草稿 |
| simp. $^#$(吹牛不打草稿) | simp. $^#$(吹牛不打草稿) | 吹牛 | 不 | 打 | 草稿 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chuīniú bù dǎ cǎogǎo
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄟ ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄚˇ ㄘㄠˇ ㄍㄠˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuīniú bù dǎ cǎogǎo [Phonetic: chuīniúbùdácáogǎo]
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄟ ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄚˇ ㄘㄠˇ ㄍㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chueinióu bù dǎ cǎogǎo
*** Wade–Giles: chʻui$^1$-niu$^2$ pu$^4$ ta$^3$ tsʻao$^3$-kao$^3$
*** Yale: chwēi-nyóu bù dǎ tsǎu-gǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chueiniou bu daa tsaogao
*** Palladius: чуйню бу да цаогао (čujnju bu da caogao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ pu⁵¹ tä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Idiom

吹牛不打草稿
* wild bragging

#### Synonyms

* (Cantonese) 吹水唔抹嘴
# 取締
## Chinese
### Etymology 1

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 取(とり)締(しまり) (torishimari, “regulation”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qǔdì
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩˇ ㄉㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceoi$^2$ dai$^3$ / ceoi$^2$ dai$^6$ / ceoi$^2$ tai$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhú-tè / chhí-tè / chhú-thè / chhí-thè
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cu$^2$ ti$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qǔdì
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˇ ㄉㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyǔdì
*** Wade–Giles: chʻü$^3$-ti$^4$
*** Yale: chyǔ-dì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheudih
*** Palladius: цюйди (cjujdi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceoi$^2$ dai$^3$ / ceoi$^2$ dai$^6$ / ceoi$^2$ tai$^3$
*** Yale: chéui dai / chéui daih / chéui tai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey$^2$ dai$^3$ / tsoey$^2$ dai$^6$ / tsoey$^2$ tai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêu$^2$ dei$^3$ / cêu$^2$ dei$^6$ / cêu$^2$ tei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵy̯³⁵ tɐi̯³³/, /t͡sʰɵy̯³⁵ tɐi̯²²/, /t͡sʰɵy̯³⁵ tʰɐi̯³³/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$取替 取締／取缔
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhú-tè
*** Tâi-lô: tshú-tè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhw'dex
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhí-tè
*** Tâi-lô: tshí-tè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chy'dex
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhú-thè
*** Tâi-lô: tshú-thè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhw'tex
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhí-thè
*** Tâi-lô: tshí-thè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chy'tex
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cu$^2$ ti$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshú thī
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰi¹¹/

#### Verb

取締
* to ban; to prohibit (publications, customs, etc.); to outlaw; to suppress (violators)
    取締非法收入／取缔非法收入 ― qǔdì fēifǎ shōurù ― to ban illegal earnings

##### Synonyms

* 不准 (bùzhǔn)
* 不許／不许 (bùxǔ)
* 制止 (zhìzhǐ)
* 勿許／勿许 ($^8$veq-shiu) (Wu)
* 唔准 (m$^4$ zeon$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 嚴禁／严禁 (yánjìn) (to strictly forbid)
* 抑止 (yìzhǐ)
* 救 (jiù) (Classical Chinese)
* 毋准 (Min Nan)
* 禁制 (jìnzhì)
* 禁止 (jìnzhǐ)
* 禁絕／禁绝 (jìnjué)
* 遏制 (èzhì)
* 遏止 (èzhǐ)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 取締 – see 取替 (“to replace”). (This term is a variant form of 取替).

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 取 | 締 |
| と(り) Grade: 3 | し(まり) Grade: S |
| kun'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 取締 – see the following entry. :
| 【取とり締しまり】 | [noun] control, management [noun] regulation Alternative spelling 取締り |
(This term, 取締, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :