# 休息
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xiūxi, xiūxí
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡ ˙ㄒㄧ, ㄒㄧㄡ ㄒㄧˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щющи (xi͡uxi, II-I) / щющи (xi͡uxi, I-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jau$^1$ sik$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiu$^1$ lhet$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hiû-sit
    (Hailu, HRS): hiu$^ˋ$ sid
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hiu-siak / hiu-sek / hiu-sit
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hiun$^1$ sêg$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shieu-shiq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, mainland China)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiūxi
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡ ˙ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siousi̊
*** Wade–Giles: hsiu$^1$-hsi$^5$
*** Yale: syōu-syi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiou.shi
*** Palladius: сюси (sjusi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi²/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiūxí
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡ ㄒㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siousí
*** Wade–Giles: hsiu$^1$-hsi$^2$
*** Yale: syōu-syí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shioushyi
*** Palladius: сюси (sjusi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi³⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щющи (xi͡uxi, II-I) / щющи (xi͡uxi, I-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiou⁵¹ ɕi²⁴/, /ɕiou²⁴ ɕi²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^1$ sik$^1$
*** Yale: yāu sīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^1$ sik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^1$ xig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hiu$^1$ lhet$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiu³³ ɬet̚⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiû-sit
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiu$^ˊ$ xid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hiu$^1$ xid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯u²⁴ sit̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiu$^ˋ$ sid
*** Sinological IPA: /hiu⁵³ sit⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiu-siak
*** Tâi-lô: hiu-siak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiusiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiu³³ siak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiu-sek
*** Tâi-lô: hiu-sik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiuseg
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Singapore): /hiu⁴⁴⁻²² sek̚³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiu⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiu-sit
*** Tâi-lô: hiu-sit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiusid
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiu⁴⁴⁻²² sit̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hiun$^1$ sêg$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiuⁿ sek
*** Sinological IPA : /hĩũ³³⁻²³ sek̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$shieu-shiq
*** MiniDict: shieu$^平$ shih
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$xieu-xiq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɤ⁵⁵ ɕiɪʔ²¹/

### Verb

休息
* to rest; to take a break
    早點休息。／早点休息。 ― Zǎodiǎn xiūxi. ― Go to bed early.
       Tā xiūxi le yīhuìr. [Pinyin]
       He rested for a while.
       Nǐ gōngzuò tài qínfèn le. Xiūxi yīhuì ba. [Pinyin]
       You're working too hard. Take a break for a while.
       Běn diàn shìrì xiūxi yī tiān, jìngqǐng jiànliàng. [Pinyin]
       Our shop will be closed for today. We apologize for the inconvenience caused.

#### Usage notes

Can also infer to sleep or to take break from work; to go on holiday depending on the context.

#### Synonyms

* 休憩 (xiūqì) (literary)
* 停歇 (tíngxiē)
* 停睏／停困 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 喘氣／喘气 (chuǎnqì) (to take a breather)
* 安息 (ānxī)
* 憩息 (qìxī) (literary)
* 放尞 (Taiwanese Hakka)
* 敨 (tau$^2$) (Cantonese, Hakka)
* 歇 (xiē)
* 歇喘 (Hokkien, to take a breather)
* 歇息 (xiēxi)
* 歇氣／歇气 (xiēqì) (to take a breather)
* 歇𤺪 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 歇睏／歇困 (Hakka, Hokkien)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 休息, 歇息 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 歇, 休息 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 休息 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 休息 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 歇 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 歇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 歇氣, 歇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 歇, 歇氣 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 歇, 休息 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 歇 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 敨, 歇 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 敨, 歇, 休息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 敨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 敨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 敨 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 敨 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 敨, 歇 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 歇 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 歇, 敨 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 歇睏, 休息 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 歇睏, 休息 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 歇睏, 休息 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 歇睏, 休息 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 歇睏, 休息 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 歇睏 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 敨 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 歇 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 歇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 歇 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 歇, 歇睏 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 歇睏 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 歇睏 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 歇睏 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 歇, 歇睏 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 歇 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 歇, 歇睏 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 歇, 歇睏 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 歇, 歇睏 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 歇睏 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 歇, 歇睏 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 歇睏 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 歇睏 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 歇睏 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 休息, 歇 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 休息 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 歇乏, 歇睏 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 歇, 歇乏, 休息 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 歇作, 休息 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 歇, 休息 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 歇, 休息 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 歇氣 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 歇氣 |

#### Derived terms

* 休息室
* 休息日
* 休息站

#### See also

* 停歇 (tíngxiē)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 休 | 息 |
| きゅう Grade: 1 | そく Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きゅうそく [kyùúsókú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲɨːso̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

休(きゅう)息(そく) • (kyūsoku)
* rest (any relief from exertion)

#### Synonyms

* 休憩(きゅうけい) (kyūkei)
* 休(やす)み (yasumi)

### Verb

休(きゅう)息(そく)する • (kyūsoku suru) suru (stem 休(きゅう)息(そく)し (kyūsoku shi), past 休(きゅう)息(そく)した (kyūsoku shita))
* to take a rest

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 休息し | きゅうそくし | kyūsoku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 休息し | きゅうそくし | kyūsoku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 休息する | きゅうそくする | kyūsoku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 休息する | きゅうそくする | kyūsoku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 休息すれ | きゅうそくすれ | kyūsoku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 休息せよ¹ 休息しろ² | きゅうそくせよ¹ きゅうそくしろ² | kyūsoku seyo¹ kyūsoku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 休息される | きゅうそくされる | kyūsoku sareru |
| Causative | 休息させる 休息さす | きゅうそくさせる きゅうそくさす | kyūsoku saseru kyūsoku sasu |
| Potential | 休息できる | きゅうそくできる | kyūsoku dekiru |
| Volitional | 休息しよう | きゅうそくしよう | kyūsoku shiyō |
| Negative | 休息しない | きゅうそくしない | kyūsoku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 休息せず | きゅうそくせず | kyūsoku sezu |
| Formal | 休息します | きゅうそくします | kyūsoku shimasu |
| Perfective | 休息した | きゅうそくした | kyūsoku shita |
| Conjunctive | 休息して | きゅうそくして | kyūsoku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 休息すれば | きゅうそくすれば | kyūsoku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* 休(やす)む (yasumu)

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 休 | 息 |

### Noun

休息 • (hyusik) (hangeul 휴식)
* hanja form of 휴식 (“rest”)