OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# berdêl
## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

From ber (“in front”) + dêl (“place, stead”). Sense 2 was gained under the influence of Arabic/Turkish bedel.

### Noun

berdêl f
* substitute
* exchange
* A tradition of exchanging and marrying women between two families, especially when one side did not get the desired wife (so a substitute is given instead) and mostly to make peace.

#### Descendants

* → Turkish: berdel
# pártase
## Spanish
### Verb

pártase
* third-person singular imperative of partir combined with se
# ۭ

| ◌ۭ | U+06ED, &#1773; ARABIC SMALL LOW MEEM |
| ← ◌۬ [U+06EC] | Arabic | ۮ → [U+06EE] |

## Translingual
### Letter

ۭ
* This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
# ᱀

| ᱀ | U+1C40, &#7232; LEPCHA DIGIT ZERO |
| ← ᰿ [U+1C3F] | Lepcha | ᱁ → [U+1C41] |

## Lepcha
### Numeral

᱀ (0)
* 0 (zero)
# подделках
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɐˈdʲːeɫkəx]

### Noun

подде́лках • (poddélkax) f inan pl
* prepositional plural of подде́лка (poddélka)
# зашли
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [zɐʂˈlʲi]

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

зашли́ • (zašlí)
* plural past indicative perfective of зайти́ (zajtí)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

зашли́ • (zašlí)
* second-person singular imperative perfective of засла́ть (zaslátʹ)
# ඡ

| ඡ | U+0DA1, &#3489; SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA CAYANNA |
| ← ච [U+0DA0] | Sinhala | ජ → [U+0DA2] |

## Translingual
### Letter

ඡ
* Sinhalese letter cha

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* cha (Latin script)
* 𑀙 (Brahmi script)
* छ (Devanagari script)
* ছ (Bengali script)
* ဆ or ꧡ (Burmese script)
* ฉ or ฉะ (Thai script)
* ᨨ (Tai Tham script)
* ຉ or ຉະ (Lao script)
* ឆ (Khmer script)
* 𑄍 (Chakma script)

### Numeral

ඡ (cha)
* Sinhala script form of cha (“six”)

#### Declension

Optionally indeclinable.

## Sinhalese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃa/, [t͡ʃa]

### Letter

ඡ • (cha)
* The eighth letter of the miśra set, used to represent non-native words.
# تحوطنا
## Arabic
### Verb

تحوطنا (form V)
* تَحَوَّطْنَا (taḥawwaṭnā) /ta.ħaw.watˤ.naː/: first-person plural past active of تَحَوَّطَ (taḥawwaṭa)
* تُحُوِّطْنَا (tuḥuwwiṭnā) /tu.ħuw.witˤ.naː/: first-person plural past passive of تَحَوَّطَ (taḥawwaṭa)
# tunggul
## Indonesian
### Noun

tunggul
* stump
    tunggul pohon ― treestump

## Tausug
### Pronunciation

* (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA: /tuŋɡul/ [t̪ʊŋˈɡul]
* Rhymes: -ul
* Syllabification: tung‧gul

### Noun

tunggul (Sulat Sūg spelling تُڠْݢُلْ)
* the stump of a tree
# pártanse
## Spanish
### Verb

pártanse
* third-person plural imperative of partir combined with se
# گپ زدن
## Persian
### Etymology

From گپ (gap, “talk”) +‎ زدن (zadan, “to beat”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɡap za.ˈðan]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡäp zä.d̪ǽn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɡäp zä.d̪ǽn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ɡäp zä.d̪ǽn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ɡäp zä.d̪ǽn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɡʲæp zæ.d̪ǽn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɡäp zä.d̪ǽn]

### Verb

| Dari | گپ زدن |
| Iranian Persian | حرف زدن |
| Tajik | гап задан |
گَپ زَدَن • (gap zadan) (present stem گَپ زَن (gap zan))
* to chat
* (Dari, more informal) to talk; to speak
    Synonyms: صحبت کردن (sohbat kardan, more formal), حرف زدن (harf zadan, Iranian equivalent)

#### Descendants

* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: गप मारना (gap mārnā)
    Urdu: گپ مارنا
# ằm
## Tày
### Pronunciation

* (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA: [ʔam˧˨]
* (Trùng Khánh) IPA: [ʔam˩]

### Noun

ằm
* mother

### References

* Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
# подделанный
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɐˈdʲːeɫən(ː)ɨj]

### Participle

подде́ланный • (poddélannyj)
* past passive perfective participle of подде́лать (poddélatʹ)
# засуетилась
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [zəsʊ(j)ɪˈtʲiɫəsʲ]

### Verb

засуети́лась • (zasujetílasʹ)
* feminine singular past indicative perfective of засуети́ться (zasujetítʹsja)
# චරිතය
## Sinhalese
### Noun

චරිතය • (caritaya)
* character
# تحوطون
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

تَحُوطُونَ • (taḥūṭūna) (form I) /ta.ħuː.tˤuː.na/
* second-person masculine plural non-past active indicative of حَاطَ (ḥāṭa)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

تحوطون (form II)
* تُحَوِّطُونَ (tuḥawwiṭūna) /tu.ħaw.wi.tˤuː.na/: second-person masculine plural non-past active indicative of حَوَّطَ (ḥawwaṭa)
* تُحَوَّطُونَ (tuḥawwaṭūna) /tu.ħaw.wa.tˤuː.na/: second-person masculine plural non-past passive indicative of حَوَّطَ (ḥawwaṭa)
# 移り変わる
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 移 | 変 |
| うつ Grade: 5 | か Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spellings
* 移り變わる (kyūjitai) 移り変る

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うつりかわる [ùtsúríkáwáꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [5])
* (Tokyo) うつりかわる [ùtsúríkáwárú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɯ̟t͡sɨɾʲika̠β̞a̠ɾɯ̟]

### Verb

移(うつ)り変(か)わる • (utsurikawaru) intransitive godan (stem 移(うつ)り変(か)わり (utsurikawari), past 移(うつ)り変(か)わった (utsurikawatta))
* to change with the lapse of time

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 移り変わら | うつりかわら | utsurikawara |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 移り変わり | うつりかわり | utsurikawari |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 移り変わる | うつりかわる | utsurikawaru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 移り変わる | うつりかわる | utsurikawaru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 移り変われ | うつりかわれ | utsurikaware |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 移り変われ | うつりかわれ | utsurikaware |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 移り変わられる | うつりかわられる | utsurikawarareru |
| Causative | 移り変わらせる 移り変わらす | うつりかわらせる うつりかわらす | utsurikawaraseru utsurikawarasu |
| Potential | 移り変われる | うつりかわれる | utsurikawareru |
| Volitional | 移り変わろう | うつりかわろう | utsurikawarō |
| Negative | 移り変わらない | うつりかわらない | utsurikawaranai |
| Negative continuative | 移り変わらず | うつりかわらず | utsurikawarazu |
| Formal | 移り変わります | うつりかわります | utsurikawarimasu |
| Perfective | 移り変わった | うつりかわった | utsurikawatta |
| Conjunctive | 移り変わって | うつりかわって | utsurikawatte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 移り変われば | うつりかわれば | utsurikawareba |

#### Related terms

* 移(うつ)り変(か)わり (utsurikawari)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# pénètrerais
## French
### Alternative forms

* pénétrerais

### Verb

pénètrerais
* first/second-person singular conditional of pénétrer
# ژانک
## Khowar
### Etymology

From Sanskrit जानाति (jānāti, “to know”).

### Verb

ژانک (žaník)
* to know
# ἀγγελείη
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aŋ.ɡe.lěː.ɛː/ → /aɲ.ɟeˈli.i/ → /aɲ.ɟeˈli.i/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /aŋ.ɡe.lěː.ɛː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /aŋ.ɡeˈli.e̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /aɲ.ɟeˈli.i/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /aɲ.ɟeˈli.i/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /aɲ.ɟeˈli.i/

### Verb

ᾰ̓γγελείη • (angeleíē)
* third-person singular aorist passive optative of ᾰ̓γγέλλω (angéllō)
# полетевши
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəlʲɪˈtʲefʂɨ]

### Participle

полете́вши • (poletévši)
* past adverbial perfective participle of полете́ть (poletétʹ)
# застѫпъ
## Old Church Slavonic
### Etymology

за- (za-) +‎ стѫпъ (stǫpŭ)

### Noun

застѫпъ • (zastǫpŭ) m
* assistance
* defense

#### Derived terms

* застѫпьникъ (zastǫpĭnikŭ)
# സംവേഗം
## Malayalam
### Noun

സംവേഗം • (saṁvēgaṁ)
* (physics) momentum
    Synonym: ആക്കം (ākkaṁ)
# بغدای
## Ottoman Turkish
### Noun

بغدای • (boğday, buğday)
* Alternative spelling of بوغدای (boğday, buğday, “wheat”)

#### Derived terms

* بغدایجق (boğdaycık, buğdaycık, diminutive)

### References

* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بغدای”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 851
* Zenker, Julius Theodor (1866) “بغدای”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 1 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 202
# pún-lâi
## Hokkien

* For pronunciation and definitions of pún-lâi – see 本來 (“original; originally; the original intent was that; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 本來).
# ژاپۆن
## Central Kurdish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒaːpo̞ːn/

### Proper noun

ژاپۆن (japon)
* Japan (a country and archipelago in East Asia)

#### Derived terms

* ژاپۆنی (japonî)
# ᨕᨂᨕᨗ
## Makasar
### Verb

ᨕᨂᨕᨗ (transliteration needed)
* Lontara spelling of anngai (“to like”)
# полетел
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəlʲɪˈtʲeɫ]

### Verb

полете́л • (poletél)
* masculine singular past indicative perfective of полете́ть (poletétʹ)
# заучивший
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [zəʊˈt͡ɕifʂɨj]

### Participle

заучи́вший • (zaučívšij)
* past active perfective participle of заучи́ть (zaučítʹ)
# การอนุญาต
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | การอนุญาต k ā r ɒ n u ɲ ā t |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | กาน-อะ-นุ-ยาด k ā n – ɒ a – n u – y ā ɗ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | gaan-à-nú-yâat |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | kan-a-nu-yat |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kaːn˧.ʔa˨˩.nu˦˥.jaːt̚˥˩/ |

### Noun

การอนุญาต • (gaan-à-nú-yâat)
* abstract noun of อนุญาต (à-nú-yâat) permission
# การอวสาน
## Thai
### Etymology

From การ (gaan) +‎ อวสาน (à-wá-sǎan).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | การอวสาน k ā r ɒ w s ā n |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | กาน-อะ-วะ-สาน k ā n – ɒ a – w a – s ā n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | gaan-à-wá-sǎan |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | kan-a-wa-san |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kaːn˧.ʔa˨˩.wa˦˥.saːn˩˩˦/ |

### Noun

การอวสาน • (gaan-à-wá-sǎan)
* abstract noun of อวสาน (à-wá-sǎan)
# කයිතාළම්
## Sinhalese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Tamil [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kajitaːɭəm]

### Noun

කයිතාළම් • (kayitāḷam)
* a pair of small cymbals

### References

* Carter, Charles Henry (1924) “කයිතාළම්”, in A Sinhalese-English dictionary, Colombo: Ceylon Observer Printing Works, →OCLC.
# කර්‍පූර
## Sinhalese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कर्पूर (karpūra). Doublet of කපුරු (kapuru).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [karpuːrə]

### Noun

කර්‍පූර • (karpūra)
* camphor

### References

* Carter, Charles Henry (1924) “කර්‍පූර”, in A Sinhalese-English dictionary, Colombo: Ceylon Observer Printing Works, →OCLC.
# ಬಾಸೆ
## Tulu
### Alternative forms

* ಭಾಷೆ (bhāṣe), ಭಾಶೆ (bhāśe), ಬಾಶೆ (bāśe)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā). Compare Kannada ಭಾಷೆ (bhāṣe), Tamil பாசை (pācai), Malayalam ഭാഷ (bhāṣa), Telugu భాష (bhāṣa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baːse/
* Hyphenation: ಬಾ‧ಸೆ

### Noun

ಬಾಸೆ (bāse)
* language, speech
# ಬಾಯಿ
## Kannada
### Etymology

From Old Kannada ಬಾಯ್ (bāy), from Proto-Dravidian *wāy (“mouth”). Cognate with Malayalam വായ (vāya), Tamil வாய் (vāy), Telugu వాయి (vāyi).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baːji/

### Noun

ಬಾಯಿ • (bāyi)
* the mouth
# การคลาน
## Thai
### Etymology

การ (gaan) +‎ คลาน (klaan)

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | การคลาน k ā r g l ā n |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | กาน-คฺลาน k ā n – g ̥ l ā n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | gaan-klaan |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | kan-khlan |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kaːn˧.kʰlaːn˧/ |

### Noun

การคลาน • (gaan-klaan)
* abstract noun of คลาน (klaan): crawling.
# การคอมพิวเตอร์
## Thai
### Etymology

การ (gaan) +‎ คอมพิวเตอร์ (kɔm-piu-dtə̂ə).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | การคอมพิวเตอร์ k ā r g ɒ m b i w e t ɒ r ʻ | การคอมพิวเตอร์ k ā r g ɒ m b i w e t ɒ r ʻ |
| Phonemic {Short} | Phonemic {Short} | กาน-ค็อม-พิว-เต้อ k ā n – g ˘ ɒ m – b i w – e t ˆ ɒ | กาน-ค็อม-พิ้ว-เต้อ k ā n – g ˘ ɒ m – b i ˆ w – e t ˆ ɒ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | gaan-kɔm-piu-dtə̂ə | gaan-kɔm-píu-dtə̂ə |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | kan-khom-phio-toe | kan-khom-phio-toe |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kaːn˧.kʰɔm˧.pʰiw˧.tɤː˥˩/ | /kaːn˧.kʰɔm˧.pʰiw˦˥.tɤː˥˩/ |

### Noun

การคอมพิวเตอร์ • (gaan-kɔm-piu-dtə̂ə)
* (computing) computing
# การควบคุม
## Thai
### Etymology

From การ (gaan) +‎ ควบคุม (kûuap-kum).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | การควบคุม k ā r g w ɓ g u m |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | กาน-ควบ-คุม k ā n – g w ɓ – g u m |
| Romanization | Paiboon | gaan-kûuap-kum |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | kan-khuap-khum |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kaːn˧.kʰua̯p̚˥˩.kʰum˧/ |

### Noun

การควบคุม • (gaan-kûuap-kum)
* abstract noun of ควบคุม (kûuap-kum)
# กำบัง
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | กำบัง k å ɓ ạ ŋ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | กำ-บัง k å – ɓ ạ ŋ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | gam-bang |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | kam-bang |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /kam˧.baŋ˧/ |

### Etymology 1

From Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer kaṃpaṅ, kaṃpāṅ (“act of hiding or conceal; to be hidden or concealed; etc”); being extended forms of khpaṅ, *khpāṅ (“to cover; to screen; to shield”), from which Thai กะบัง (gà-bang) was derived; ultimately being extended forms of paṅ, pāṅ, *paṅ, pāṃṅa (“to cover (from view); to hide; to screen; to conceal; etc”), from which Thai บัง (bang) was derived. Cognate with Modern Khmer កំបាំង (kɑmbang), Lao ກຳບັງ (kam bang).

#### Verb

กำบัง • (gam-bang) (abstract noun การกำบัง)
* (elegant) Alternative form of บัง (bang)

#### Adjective

กำบัง • (gam-bang) (abstract noun ความกำบัง)
* (elegant) sheltered; screened; invisible; unseeable; prevented from being seen; hidden from view.

##### Derived terms

* เงินได้กำบัง
* นักเขียนกำบัง
* รัฐบาลกำบัง
* สินค้าออกกำบัง

### Etymology 2

From Javanese kembang (“flower, blossom; to bloom, to blossom; that which resembles a flower: toy flower, artificial flower, etc”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəmbaŋ.

#### Alternative forms

* กะบัง (gà-bang)

#### Noun

กำบัง • (gam-bang)
* (poetic) bunch of flowers: bouquet, nosegay, posy, etc.
# ರಥ
## Kannada
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit रथ (ratha).

### Noun

ರಥ • (ratha) m
* a chariot

### See also

Chess pieces in Kannada · ಚದುರಂಗದ ತುಂಡುಗಳು (caduraṅgada tuṇḍugaḷu) (layout · text) :
| ರಾಜ (rāja) | ಮಂತ್ರಿ (mantri), ರಾಣಿ (rāṇi) | ರಥ (ratha) | ಆನೆ (āne) | ಕುದುರೆ (kudure) | ಪ್ಯಾದೆ (pyāde) |
# ರದ್ದು
## Kannada
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hindustani رَدّ (radd) / रद्द (radd), from Classical Persian رد (radd), from Arabic رَدّ (radd).

### Adjective

ರದ್ದು • (raddu)
* cancelled, rejected; null and void

#### Derived terms

* ರದ್ದು ಮಾಡು (raddu māḍu)
# ഊമ്പ്
## Malayalam
### Verb

ഊമ്പ് • (ūmpŭ)
* imperative of ഊമ്പുക (ūmpuka)
# ഊര്
## Malayalam
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uːɾə̆/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *ūr. Cognate with Kannada ಊರು (ūru), Tamil ஊர் (ūr), Telugu ఊరు (ūru) Tulu ಊರು (ūru).

#### Noun

ഊര് • (ūrŭ)
* town, village

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

ഊര് • (ūrŭ)
* imperative of ഊരുക (ūruka)
# ഊറാമ്പിലി
## Malayalam
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uːraːmbili/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ഊറാമ്പിലി • (ūṟāmpili)
* tarantula
# ഊറ്റം
## Malayalam
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uːttɐm/

### Noun

ഊറ്റം • (ūṟṟaṁ)
* strength
* ego
* enthusiasm
* bravery
# ชะคราม
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ชะคราม d͡ʑ a g r ā m |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ชะ-คฺราม d͡ʑ a – g ̥ r ā m |
| Romanization | Paiboon | chá-kraam |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | cha-khram |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /t͡ɕʰa˦˥.kʰraːm˧/ |

### Noun

ชะคราม • (chá-kraam)
* (botany) seablite, the plants Suaeda maritima of the family Amaranthaceae.
# ซานตาคลอส
## Thai
### Etymology

From English Santa Claus.

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ซานตาคลอส z ā n t ā g l ɒ s | ซานตาคลอส z ā n t ā g l ɒ s |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ซาน-ตา-คฺล้อด z ā n – t ā – g ̥ l ˆ ɒ ɗ | ซาน-ตา-คฺล้อส z ā n – t ā – g ̥ l ˆ ɒ s |
| Romanization | Paiboon | saan-dtaa-klɔ́ɔt | saan-dtaa-klɔ́ɔs |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | san-ta-khlot | san-ta-khlos |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /saːn˧.taː˧.kʰlɔːt̚˦˥/ | /saːn˧.taː˧.kʰlɔːs˦˥/ |

### Proper noun

ซานตาคลอส • (saan-dtaa-klɔ́ɔt)
* Santa Claus.
# കീർത്തനം
## Malayalam
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कीर्तन (kīrtana).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kiːrt̪t̪ɐnɐm/

### Noun

കീർത്തനം • (kīṟttanaṁ)
* narration
* description
# കീഴോട്ട്
## Malayalam
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kiːɻoːʈːɨ̆/
* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

കീഴോട്ട് • (kīḻōṭṭŭ)
* downward
    Synonym: താഴോട്ട് (tāḻōṭṭŭ)
# ทุเรศ
## Thai
### Etymology

From ทุร (“difficult, hard; bad, low, wicked; etc”) +‎ อีศ (ìit, “a modifying suffix”).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ทุเรศ d u e r ɕ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ทุ-เรด d u – e r ɗ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | tú-rêet |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | thu-ret |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /tʰu˦˥.reːt̚˥˩/ |

### Adjective

ทุเรศ • (tú-rêet) (abstract noun ความทุเรศ)
* (archaic, of a road, way, path, etc) difficult; distant.
** คำฉันท์ดุษฎีสังเวยกล่อมช้างของเก่าครั้งกรุงเก่า
    ต้องทนทุราคมทุเรศ ดลเขตรคิรีไกล
       dtɔ̂ng ton tú-raa-kom tú-rêet · dà-lá kèet kí-rii glai
       We need to endure the long, difficult path till reaching the far-off mountainous region.
* (mild vulgar) disagreeable; disgusting; offensive; unpleasant.
** กำสรวลสมุทร:
    รฦกแม่มาธูร ทุเรศ กูเออย
       rá-lʉ́k mɛ̂ɛ maa-tuun · tú-rêet · guu əəi
       Thinking of my sweetheart made me feel bad, alas!

### Interjection

ทุเรศ • (tú-rêet)
* (mild vulgar) used to express disagreement or disgust.
# ทุเรียน
## Thai
### Etymology

Semi-learned borrowing from Malay durian, from Proto-Malayic *duri-an, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi-an.

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ทุเรียน d u e r ī y n |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ทุ-เรียน d u – e r ī y n |
| Romanization | Paiboon | tú-riian |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | thu-rian |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /tʰu˦˥.ria̯n˧/ |

### Noun

ทุเรียน • (tú-riian)
* durian (fruit)
# വാൽനക്ഷത്രം
## Malayalam
### Etymology

Compound of വാൽ (vāl) +‎ നക്ഷത്രം (nakṣatraṁ).

### Noun

വാൽനക്ഷത്രം • (vālnakṣatraṁ)
* comet
    Synonym: ധൂമകേതു (dhūmakētu)
# ตะดาจ
## Nyah Kur
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ta.daːc/, [ta.ɗaːc]

### Adjective

ตะดาจ (ta daac)
* sweet.
# තත්‍ර
## Pali
### Alternative forms

* tatra (Latin script)
* 𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* तत्र (Devanagari script)
* তত্র (Bengali script)
* တတြ (Burmese script)
* ตตฺร or ตัตระ (Thai script)
* ᨲᨲᩕ (Tai Tham script)
* ຕຕ຺ຣ or ຕັຕຣະ (Lao script)
* តត្រ (Khmer script)
* 𑄖𑄖𑄳𑄢 (Chakma script)
* tatra (Latin script)
* 𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* तत्र (Devanagari script)
* তত্র (Bengali script)
* တတြ (Burmese script)
* ตตฺร or ตัตระ (Thai script)
* ᨲᨲᩕ (Tai Tham script)
* ຕຕ຺ຣ or ຕັຕຣະ (Lao script)
* តត្រ (Khmer script)
* 𑄖𑄖𑄳𑄢 (Chakma script)

### Adverb

තත්‍ර (tatra)
* Sinhala script form of tatra
** 2006, The First Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Dīgha-Nikāya (I)‎, page 2:තත්‍ර සුදං සුප‍්පියො පරිබ‍්බාජකො අනෙකපරියායෙන බුද‍්ධස‍්ස අවණ‍්ණං භාසති, ධම‍්මස‍්ස අවණ‍්ණං භාසති, සඞ‍්ඝස‍්ස අවණ‍්ණං භාසති.Tatra sudaṃ suppiyo paribbājako anekapariyāyena buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati.Now just then Suppiya the mendicant was speaking in many ways in dispraise of the Buddha, in dispraise of the Doctrine, in dispraise of the Order.
# ทิชชู่
## Thai
### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ทิชชู่ d i d͡ʑ d͡ʑ ū ˋ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ทิด-ชู่ d i ɗ – d͡ʑ ū ˋ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | tít-chûu |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | thit-chu |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /tʰit̚˦˥.t͡ɕʰuː˥˩/ |

### Noun

ทิชชู่ • (tít-chûu)
* Misspelling of ทิชชู (tít-chûu).
# ทิด
## Thai
### Etymology

Believed to be a clipping of Pali paṇḍita (“wise man; learned man; scholar”) or Sanskrit पण्डित (paṇḍita, idem), from which Thai บัณฑิต (ban-dìt) is derived. Cognate with Modern Khmer បណ្ឌិត (bɑndɨt, “former monk”).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic/Phonemic | Orthographic/Phonemic | ทิด d i ɗ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | tít |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | thit |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /tʰit̚˦˥/ |
| Homophonesedit | Homophonesedit | ทิช ทิต ทิศ |

### Noun

ทิด • (tít) (classifier คน)
* (Buddhism, informal) former priest; also used as a title for or term of address to a former priest.

#### Related terms

* น้อย (nɔ́ɔi)
* หนาน
# ประเทศราช
## Thai
### Etymology

Probably from ประเทศ (bprà-têet, “alien; foreigner”, literally “different country; foreign”) +‎ ราช (râat, “king, monarch, sovereign; royal”), literally “foreign sovereign”.

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ประเทศราช p r a e d ɕ r ā d͡ʑ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ปฺระ-เทด-สะ-ราด p ̥ r a – e d ɗ – s a – r ā ɗ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | bprà-têet-sà-râat |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | pra-thet-sa-rat |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /pra˨˩.tʰeːt̚˥˩.sa˨˩.raːt̚˥˩/ |

### Noun

ประเทศราช • (bprà-têet-sà-râat) (classifier แห่ง)
* (archaic) vassal state.

#### Related terms

* พระยามหานคร
* เมืองขึ้น (mʉʉang-kʉ̂n)
* เมืองออก
* รัฐในอารักขา (rát-nai-aa-rák-kǎa)
* รัฐบรรณาการ (rát-ban-naa-gaan)
* สามนตราช
* อาณานิคม (aa-naa-ní-kom)
# ปราศจาก
## Thai
### Etymology

From ปราศ (bpràat, “without; excluding; lacking; free from”) +‎ จาก (jàak, “to be deprived of; to lack; to leave; from; since”).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | ปราศจาก p r ā ɕ t͡ɕ ā k |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | ปฺราด-สะ-จาก p ̥ r ā ɗ – s a – t͡ɕ ā k |
| Romanization | Paiboon | bpràat-sà-jàak |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | prat-sa-chak |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /praːt̚˨˩.sa˨˩.t͡ɕaːk̚˨˩/ |

### Preposition

ปราศจาก • (bpràat-sà-jàak)
* without; excluding; lacking; free from.
** 2007, รัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรไทย:
    บุคคลย่อมมีเสรีภาพในการชุมนุมโดยสงบและปราศจากอาวุธbùk-kon yɔ̂m mii sěe-rii-pâap nai gaan-chum-num dooi sà-ngòp lɛ́ɛ bpràat-sà-jàak aa-wút.Persons do enjoy the freedom to assemble peacefully and without arms.
    การเข้าไปในเคหสถานโดยปราศจากความยินยอมของผู้ครอบครอง หรือการตรวจค้นเคหสถานหรือในที่รโหฐาน จะกระทำมิได้ เว้นแต่มีคำสั่งหรือหมายของศาล หรือมีเหตุอย่างอื่นตามที่กฎหมายบัญญัติgaan-kâo bpai nai kee-hà-sà-tǎan dooi bpràat-sà-jàak kwaam-yin-yɔɔm kɔ̌ɔng pûu-krɔ̂ɔp-krɔɔng rʉ̌ʉ gaan-dtùuat-kón kee-hà-sà-tǎan rʉ̌ʉ nai tîi rá-hǒo-tǎan jà grà-tam mí dâai wén-dtɛ̀ɛ mii kam-sàng rʉ̌ʉ mǎai kɔ̌ɔng sǎan rʉ̌ʉ mii hèet yàang ʉ̀ʉn dtaam tîi gòt-mǎai ban-yàtProhibited are entries into a dwelling place without the consent of its occupier, as well as searches of a dwelling place or in a private place, save where they are authorised by judicial orders or warrants or by other grounds as designated by the laws.
** 1987, พระราชบัญญัติแก้ไขเพิ่มเติมประมวลกฎหมายอาญา (ฉบับที่ ๘) พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๐:
    ผู้ใด โดยปราศจากเหตุอันสมควร พรากเด็กอายุยังไม่เกินสิบห้าปีไปเสียจากบิดา มารดา ผู้ปกครอง หรือผู้ดูแล ต้องระวางโทษจำคุกตั้งแต่สามปีถึงสิบห้าปี และปรับตั้งแต่หกพันบาทถึงสามหมื่นบาทpûu dai dooi bpràat-sà-jàak hèet an sǒm-kuuan prâak dèk aa-yú yang mâi gəən sìp-hâa bpii bpai sǐia jàk bì-daa maan-daa pûu-bpòk-krɔɔng rʉ̌ʉe pûu-duu-lɛɛ dtɔ̂ng rá-waang tôot jam-kúk dtâng-dtɛ̀ɛ sǎam bpii tʉ̌ng sìp-hâa bpii lɛ́ bpràp dtâng-dtɛ̀ɛ hòk-pan bàat tʉ̌ng sǎam-mʉ̀ʉn bàatAny person who, without justifiable grounds, takes a child under fifteen years of age away from its father, mother, guardian, or overseer, shall be liable to imprisonment from three years to fifteen years and a fine of six thousand baht to thirty thousand baht.
** James 2:26, KJV:
    เพราะกายที่ปราศจากจิตวิญญาณนั้นตายแล้วฉันใด ความเชื่อที่ปราศจากการกระทำก็ตายแล้วฉันนั้นเช่นเดียวกันprɔ́ gaai tîi bpràat-sà-jàak jìt-win-yaan nán dtaai lɛ́ɛo chǎn dai kwaam-chʉ̂ʉa tîi bpràat-sà-jàak gaan-grà-tam gɔ̂ɔ dtaai lɛ́ɛo chǎn nán chên diiao ganFor as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also.

#### Synonyms

* ขาด (kàat)
* ปราศ (bpràat)
* ไร้ (rái)
* โหด (hòot)
# รังผึ้ง
## Thai
### Etymology

รัง (rang) +‎ ผึ้ง (pʉ̂ng).

### Pronunciation

| Orthographic | Orthographic | รังผึ้ง r ạ ŋ pʰ ụ ˆ ŋ |
| Phonemic | Phonemic | รัง-พึ่ง r ạ ŋ – b ụ ˋ ŋ |
| Romanization | Paiboon | rang-pʉ̂ng |
| Romanization | Royal Institute | rang-phueng |
| (standard) IPA | (standard) IPA | /raŋ˧.pʰɯŋ˥˩/ |

### Noun

รังผึ้ง • (rang-pʉ̂ng)
* radiator (of a motor vehicle)