# 人情
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rénqíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄑㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^4$ cing$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngìn-chhìn
* Eastern Min (BUC): ìng-cìng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lîn-chêng / jîn-chêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): nang$^5$ cêng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rénqíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄑㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: réncíng
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^2$-chʻing$^2$
*** Yale: rén-chíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renchyng
*** Palladius: жэньцин (žɛnʹcin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^4$ cing$^4$
*** Yale: yàhn chìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^4$ tsing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^4$ qing$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngìn-chhìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngin$^ˇ$ qin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngin$^2$ qin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋin¹¹ t͡sʰin¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ìng-cìng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵³⁻³³ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒiŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-chêng
*** Tâi-lô: lîn-tsîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: linzeeng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Philippines): /lin²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-chêng
*** Tâi-lô: jîn-tsîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jinzeeng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: nang$^5$ cêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nâng tshêng
*** Sinological IPA : /naŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰeŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: nyin dzjeng
Rime :
| Character | 人 | 情 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 如鄰切 | 疾盈切 |
| Baxter | nyin | dzjeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiɪn/ | /d͡ziᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵin/ | /d͡ziɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjen/ | /d͡ziæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵin/ | /d͡ziajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiĕn/ | /d͡ziɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭĕn/ | /d͡zĭɛŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ĕn/ | /d͡zʱi̯ɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rén | qíng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jan$^4$ | cing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ni[ŋ] [dz]eŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njin zleŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 人 | 情 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rén | qíng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyin › | ‹ dzjeng › |
| Old Chinese | /*ni[ŋ]/ | /*[dz]eŋ/ |
| English | (other) person | affections; response to circumstances |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 人 | 情 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 10800 | 11348 |
| Phonetic component | 人 | 生 |
| Rime group | 眞 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 仁 | 情 |
| Old Chinese | /*njin/ | /*zleŋ/ |

### Noun

人情
* human sentiment; natural human feelings; inherent goodness of human nature
* friends and relationships; personal connections; people with which one has curried favor
    中國人情社會／中国人情社会 ― zhōngguó rénqíng shèhuì ― the personal connections aspect of Chinese society
    人情社會／人情社会 ― rénqíng shèhuì ― relationship-oriented society
* courtesy; etiquette; civility
* favour (kind or helpful deed)
       Tā qiàn wǒ yīdiǎn rénqíng. [Pinyin]
       He owes me a favour.
       Wǒ dǎsuàn mài tā yīcì rénqíng. [Pinyin]
       I plan to do him a favour.
    From: 2019 April 11, 林彥閔, 我ê阿媽, in 【台語世界】國小學生ê台語詩文（2）
    Góa khiàm i ê jîn-chêng m̄ chai beh án-chóaⁿ hâiⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    I can't imagine how to repay the debt of gratitude I owe you
* gift; present
* (chiefly Cantonese) customary wedding gift money paid by the guest who receives the invitation, whether the guest will attend or not
       Xiānggǎng de jiéhūn rénqíng gōngjià àn hūnyàn chǎngdì ér yì. [Pinyin]
       The price of customary gift money for weddings in Hong Kong varies depending on the venue.

#### Synonyms

* (human sentiment, friends and relationships): 臉皮／脸皮 (liǎnpí), 面子 (miànzi), 情面 (qíngmiàn)

#### Derived terms

* 一頭人情，兩面光／一头人情，两面光
* 不近人情 (bùjìn-rénqíng)
* 世態人情／世态人情
* 世道人情
* 人在人情在
* 人情一把鋸／人情一把锯
* 人情世故 (rénqíngshìgù)
* 人情之常 (rénqíngzhīcháng)
* 人情債／人情债 (rénqíngzhài)
* 人情冷暖 (rénqínglěngnuǎn)
* 人情味 (rénqíngwèi)
* 人情味兒／人情味儿 (rénqíngwèir)
* 人情洶洶／人情汹汹
* 人情練達／人情练达 (rénqíngliàndá)
* 人情薄似紙／人情薄似纸
* 人情貨／人情货
* 做人情 (zuò rénqíng)
* 地方人情
* 天理人情
* 律設大法，理順人情／律设大法，理顺人情
* 擔人情／担人情
* 曲盡人情／曲尽人情
* 白人情
* 盡人情／尽人情
* 禮順人情／礼顺人情
* 秀才人情
* 秋草人情
* 行人情
* 討人情／讨人情
* 託人情／托人情
* 說人情／说人情
* 賣人情／卖人情
* 送人情
* 通達人情／通达人情
* 順水人情／顺水人情 (shùnshuǐrénqíng)
* 風俗人情／风俗人情
* 風土人情／风土人情 (fēngtǔrénqíng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 人(にん)情(じょう) (ninjō)
* → Korean: 인정(人情) (injeong)
* → Vietnamese: nhân tình (人情)

#### See also

* 世情 (shìqíng)
* 世態／世态 (shìtài)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 人 | 情 |
| にん Grade: 1 | じょう Grade: 5 |
| goon ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) にんじょー [níꜜǹjòò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɲ̟ĩɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ː]

### Noun

人(にん)情(じょう) • (ninjō)
* humanity, empathy, sympathy

#### See also

* 義理(ぎり) (giri)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 人 | 情 |

### Noun

人情 • (injeong) (hangeul 인정)
* hanja form of 인정 (“empathy”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 人 | 情 |

### Noun

人情
* chữ Hán form of nhân tình.