# 疾走
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jízǒu
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ ㄗㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zat$^6$ zau$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jízǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ ㄗㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jízǒu
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^2$-tsou$^3$
*** Yale: jí-dzǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyitzoou
*** Palladius: цзицзоу (cziczou)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi³⁵ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zat$^6$ zau$^2$
*** Yale: jaht jáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzat$^9$ dzau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zed$^6$ zeo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐt̚² t͡sɐu̯³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dzit tsuwX|tsuwH
Rime :
| Character | 疾 | 走 | 走 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 精 (13) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 質 (48) | 侯 (137) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I | I |
| Fanqie | 秦悉切 | 子苟切 | 則候切 |
| Baxter | dzit | tsuwX | tsuwH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ziɪt̚/ | /t͡səu$^X$/ | /t͡səu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zit̚/ | /t͡səu$^X$/ | /t͡səu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zjet̚/ | /t͡səu$^X$/ | /t͡səu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zit̚/ | /t͡səw$^X$/ | /t͡səw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ziĕt̚/ | /t͡su$^X$/ | /t͡su$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭĕt̚/ | /t͡səu$^X$/ | /t͡səu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi̯ĕt̚/ | /t͡sə̯u$^X$/ | /t͡sə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jí | zǒu | zòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zat$^6$ | zau$^2$ | zau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]i[t] [ts]ˤoʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zid ʔsoːʔ|ʔsoːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 疾 | 走 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jí | zǒu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzit › | ‹ tsuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]i[t]/ | /*[ts]ˁoʔ/ |
| English | sickness | run |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 疾 | 走 | 走 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 5740 | 17906 | 17907 |
| Phonetic component | 疾 | 走 | 走 |
| Rime group | 質 | 侯 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 疾 | 走 | 奏 |
| Old Chinese | /*zid/ | /*ʔsoːʔ/ | /*ʔsoːs/ |
| Notes | 象着矢致疾臥牀， 矢非聲 | | |

### Verb

疾走
* to dash; to sprint; to scamper; to scurry; to run quickly

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 疾走(しっそう) (shissō)
* → Korean: 질주(疾走) (jilju)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 疾 | 走 |
| しつ > しっ Grade: S | そう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しっそー [shìssóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕisːo̞ː]

### Noun

疾(しっ)走(そう) • (shissō)
* a dash, a sprint, running or going at full speed

#### Usage notes

Can be used to describe people, animals, and vehicles.

#### Synonyms

* 力走(りきそう) (rikisō): going all out, running as hard as one can (for people, animals, vehicles)
* 快走(かいそう) (kaisō): running or going fast gleefully or happily (for people, animals, vehicles)
* 疾駆(しっく) (shikku): a dash, a sprint (only for vehicles or horses: something driven)
* ダッシュ (dasshu): a dash, a sprint (as in a race, when running hard from start to finish)
* スパート (supāto): a spurt of speed (as in a race, when running extra hard from some point after the start)

### Verb

疾(しっ)走(そう)する • (shissō suru) intransitive suru (stem 疾(しっ)走(そう)し (shissō shi), past 疾(しっ)走(そう)した (shissō shita))
* to dash, to sprint, to run or go at full speed
    車(くるま)は海辺(うみべ)を疾走(しっそう)した。
       Kuruma wa umibe o shissō shita.
       The car streaked along the beach.

#### Usage notes

Can be used to describe people, animals, and vehicles.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 疾走し | しっそうし | shissō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 疾走し | しっそうし | shissō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 疾走する | しっそうする | shissō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 疾走する | しっそうする | shissō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 疾走すれ | しっそうすれ | shissō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 疾走せよ¹ 疾走しろ² | しっそうせよ¹ しっそうしろ² | shissō seyo¹ shissō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 疾走される | しっそうされる | shissō sareru |
| Causative | 疾走させる 疾走さす | しっそうさせる しっそうさす | shissō saseru shissō sasu |
| Potential | 疾走できる | しっそうできる | shissō dekiru |
| Volitional | 疾走しよう | しっそうしよう | shissō shiyō |
| Negative | 疾走しない | しっそうしない | shissō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 疾走せず | しっそうせず | shissō sezu |
| Formal | 疾走します | しっそうします | shissō shimasu |
| Perfective | 疾走した | しっそうした | shissō shita |
| Conjunctive | 疾走して | しっそうして | shissō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 疾走すれば | しっそうすれば | shissō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* 突(つ)っ走(ぱし)る (tsuppashiru)
* 力走(りきそう)する (rikisō suru): to go all out, to run as hard as one can (for people, animals, vehicles)
* 快走(かいそう)する (kaisō suru): to run or go fast gleefully or happily (for people, animals, vehicles)
* 疾駆(しっく)する (shikku suru): to dash, to sprint (only for vehicles or horses: something driven)
* ダッシュする (dasshu suru): to dash, to sprint (as in a race, when running hard from start to finish)
* スパートする (supāto suru): to put on a spurt of speed (as in a race, when running extra hard from some point after the start)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 疾 | 走 |

### Noun

疾走 • (jilju) (hangeul 질주)
* hanja form of 질주 (“dash; sprint; running at full speed”)