# 恤

| 恤 | U+6064, &#24676; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6064 |
| ← 恣 [U+6063] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 恥 → [U+6065] |

## Translingual
### Han character

恤 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心竹月廿 (PHBT), four-corner 9701$_0$, composition ⿰忄血)
* show pity
* relieve, help

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10583
* Dae Jaweon: page 715, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2296, character 10
* Unihan data for U+6064

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 恤
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 侐 | *qʰʷiɡs, *qʰʷɯɡ |
| 血 | *qʰʷiːɡ |
| 恤 | *sqʰʷiɡ |
| 卹 | *sqʰʷiɡ |
| 賉 | *sqʰʷiɡ |
| 欰 | *sqʰʷiɡ |
| 洫 | *qʰʷɯɡ |
| 殈 | *qʰʷeːɡ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xù (xu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seot$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sit
* Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̆
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hoeh$^6$ / hyeh$^6$ / soh$^6$ / suoh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sut
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sug$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$shiuq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xù
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syù
*** Wade–Giles: hsü$^4$
*** Yale: syù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuh
*** Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seot$^1$
*** Yale: sēut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soet$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêd$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sit
*** Hakka Romanization System: xid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /sit̚²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /sy²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hoeh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hœʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hyeh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hyøʔ²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: soh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɔʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: suoh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬuoʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sut
*** Tâi-lô: sut
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sud
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sut̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sut̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sut̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sut̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sut̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sug$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suk
*** Sinological IPA : /suk̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$shiuq
*** MiniDict: shiuih$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$xyq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕyɪʔ⁵⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit恤 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕy⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕy²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕy²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕy¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕy¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕy³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕye³¹/ /ɕy³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕie²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕiɛ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /sy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕyəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕyəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕyʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕyəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕioʔ⁵/ /ɕyɪʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /siəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɕy²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕyeʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕy⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /si²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /si⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sit̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /søt̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ɬɐt̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /søt̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sut̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /souʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sy²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /suk̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /se⁵⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: swit
Rime :
| Character | 恤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 術 (52) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 辛聿切 |
| Baxter | swit |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siuɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sʷit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjuet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /swit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /siuĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭuĕt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /si̯uĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | seot$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-[m]i[t]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰʷiɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 恤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ swit › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-[m]i[t]/ |
| English | anxiety |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 恤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14099 |
| Phonetic component | 血 |
| Rime group | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 卹 |
| Old Chinese | /*sqʰʷiɡ/ |

#### Definitions

恤
* to misgive
* to sympathize
* to compensate
* (archaic) to mind; to be concerned in
       From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
       Rǔ zuì zhī bùxù, ér yòu hé qǐng yān? Bù sù sǐ, sīkòu jiāng zhì. [Pinyin]
       You show no concern over you own crimes, so what demands are there that are yours to make? In case you fail to bring about your own immediate death, the sikou is coming to take you in any moment.

#### Compounds

* 不恤 (bùxù)
* 優恤／优恤
* 勤恤
* 周恤
* 國恤／国恤
* 嫠不恤緯／嫠不恤纬
* 存恤 (cúnxù)
* 安富恤窮／安富恤穷
* 安富恤貧／安富恤贫
* 安民恤眾／安民恤众 (ānmínxùzhòng)
* 恤事
* 恤刑
* 恤功
* 恤勞／恤劳
* 恤嫠
* 恤孤
* 恤孤念寡
* 恤孤念苦
* 恤恤
* 恩恤
* 恤然
* 恤病
* 恤老憐貧／恤老怜贫
* 恤貧／恤贫
* 恤近忽遠／恤近忽远
* 恤隱／恤隐
* 患難相恤／患难相恤
* 惠恤
* 憂國恤民／忧国恤民
* 憐恤／怜恤 (liánxù)
* 憫恤／悯恤
* 憐貧恤老／怜贫恤老
* 憐貧恤苦／怜贫恤苦
* 振窮恤寡／振穷恤寡
* 撫孤恤寡／抚孤恤寡
* 撫恤／抚恤 (fǔxù)
* 收恤
* 救災恤患／救灾恤患
* 敬老恤貧／敬老恤贫
* 欽恤／钦恤
* 淹恤
* 畏天恤民
* 矜恤 (jīnxù)
* 矜貧恤獨／矜贫恤独
* 賑恤／赈恤
* 軫恤／轸恤
* 銜恤／衔恤
* 順天恤民／顺天恤民
* 顧恤／顾恤
* 體恤／体恤 (tǐxù)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): seot$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seot$^1$
*** Yale: sēut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soet$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêd$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵt̚⁵/

#### Definitions

恤
* (Cantonese) bolt; latch
* (Cantonese) to bolt; to latch
    恤門／恤门 [Cantonese] ― seot$^1$ mun$^4$ [Jyutping] ― to bolt the door

#### Compounds

* 門恤／门恤

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 恤 – see 裇. (This character is a variant form of 裇).

#### Compounds

* T恤 (tì xù)
* 恤衫 (xùshān)

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “恤”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 269.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅち (shuchi)
* Kan-on: しゅつ (shutsu)
* Kan’yō-on: じゅつ (jutsu)
* Kun: あわれむ (awaremu, 恤れむ)、うれえる (ureeru, 恤える)、めぐむ (megumu, 恤む)
* Nanori: めぐむ (megumu)

## Korean
### Hanja

恤 • (hyul) (hangeul 휼, revised hyul, McCune–Reischauer hyul, Yale hyul)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

恤: Hán Nôm readings: tuất
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation