# 痰

| 痰 | U+75F0, &#30192; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-75F0 |
| ← 痯 [U+75EF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 痱 → [U+75F1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

痰 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大火火 (KFF), four-corner 0018$_9$, composition ⿸疒炎)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 774, character 32
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22251
* Dae Jaweon: page 1185, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2682, character 10
* Unihan data for U+75F0

## Chinese

* 痰 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 痰 (Cantonese)
* tàng (Eastern Min)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 倓 | *l'oːmʔ, *l'aːm, *l'aːms |
| 緂 | *l̥ʰaːm, *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam |
| 毯 | *l̥ʰaːmʔ |
| 菼 | *l̥ʰaːmʔ |
| 裧 | *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam, *l̥ʰjams |
| 賧 | *l̥ʰaːms |
| 睒 | *l̥ʰaːms, *hljamʔ |
| 舕 | *l̥ʰaːms |
| 談 | *l'aːm |
| 郯 | *l'aːm |
| 惔 | *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms |
| 錟 | *l'aːm |
| 淡 | *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms, *lamʔ |
| 痰 | *l'aːm |
| 餤 | *l'aːm |
| 啖 | *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms |
| 腅 | *l'aːms |
| 剡 | *ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ |
| 覢 | *hljamʔ |
| 掞 | *hljams |
| 炎 | *ɦlam |
| 琰 | *lamʔ |
| 棪 | *lamʔ |
| 扊 | *lamʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːm) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 炎 (OC *ɦlam).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tán (tan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): taam$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ham$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thàm
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tam$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): tàng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thâm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tam$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): tam$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$de
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tán
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tán
*** Wade–Giles: tʻan$^2$
*** Yale: tán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
*** Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taam$^4$
*** Yale: tàahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːm²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ham$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ham²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thàm
*** Hakka Romanization System: tam$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰam¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰam¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tàng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thâm
*** Tâi-lô: thâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: taam
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰam²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰam²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰam¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰam²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰam²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tam$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâm
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰam⁵⁵/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: tam$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰam²²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$de
*** MiniDict: de$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$de
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /de²³/
* Middle Chinese: dam
Rime :
| Character | 痰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒甘切 |
| Baxter | dam |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dam/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑm/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱɑm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | taam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːm/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 痰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14297 |
| Phonetic component | 炎 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 談 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'aːm/ |

### Definitions

痰
* phlegm; sputum (Classifier: 口 m; 篤／笃 c; 啖 c)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 痰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 痰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 痰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 痰 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 痰 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 痰 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 痰 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 痰 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 痰 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 痰 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 痰 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 痰 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 痰 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 痰 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 醪瀾 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 痰 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 痰唾 |

### Compounds

* 中痰
* 化痰 (huàtán)
* 吐痰 (tǔtán)
* 咳痰 (kétán)
* 痰厥
* 痰喘
* 痰桶 (tántǒng)
* 痰氣／痰气
* 痰火
* 痰火擾心／痰火扰心
* 痰熱阻肺／痰热阻肺
* 痰症
* 痰病
* 痰盂 (tányú)
* 痰盒 (tánhé)
* 痰迷心竅／痰迷心窍
* 痰飲／痰饮
* 祛痰 (qūtán)
* 祛痰劑／祛痰剂
* 祛痰潤肺／祛痰润肺

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* phlegm; sputum

#### Readings

* Go-on: だん (dan)
* Kan-on: たん (tan)

#### Compounds

* 青痰(あおたん) (aotan)
* 喀痰(かくたん) (kakutan)
* 去痰(きょたん) (kyotan), 祛痰(きょたん) (kyotan): expectoration
* 血痰(けったん) (kettan)
* 検痰(けんたん) (kentan)
* 痰火(たんか) (tanka)
* 痰咳(たんがい) (tangai)
* 痰血(たんけつ) (tanketsu)
* 痰咳(たんせき) (tanseki)
* 痰唾(たんつぼ) (tantsubo)
* 痰壺(たんつぼ) (tantsubo)
* 痰吐(たんは)き (tanhaki)
* 痰(たん)を切(き)る (tan o kiru)
* Kanji in this term
* 痰
* たん Hyōgai
* on'yomi

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 痰 (tán).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たん [tàń] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) たん [táꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [tã̠ɴ]

### Noun

痰(たん) • (tan)
* phlegm

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

痰 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.