# بناء
## Arabic

* Root
* ب ن ي (b n y)
* 12 terms

### Etymology 1.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bi.naːʔ/

#### Noun

بِنَاء • (bināʔ) m (dual بِنَاءَانِ (bināʔāni), plural أَبْنِيَة (ʔabniya))
* verbal noun of بَنَى (banā) (form I)
* (uncountable) building, construction (act of)
* (countable) structure (of an organism, etc.)
* (countable) building, structure (edifice)
* (countable) a tent for residing in the desert
** canopy, roof, ceiling
    Synonym: سَقْف (saqf)
*** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:22:ٱلَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ ٱلْأَرْضَ فِرَٰشًا وَّٱلسَّمَاءَ بِنَاءً وَّأَنْزَلَ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ رِزْقًا لَّكُمْ […]llaḏī jaʕala lakumu l-ʔarḍa firāšan was-samāʔa bināʔan waʔanzala mina s-samāʔi māʔan faʔaḵraja bihi mina ṯ-ṯamarāti rizqan lakum […]He Who for you made the land a bed and the firmament a canopy, and sent down rain from the sky. With it then He brought forth of the fruits as sustenance for you; […]
* (grammar) the quality of a having a fixed form regardless of syntactic position or grammatical case

##### Descendants

* Maltese: bini
* → Azerbaijani: bina
* → Chagatai: بِنا
** Uyghur: بىنا (bina)
** Uzbek: bino
* → Bashkir: бина (bina)
* → Crimean Tatar: bina
* → Kazakh: бейне (beine)
* → Kumyk: бина (bina)
* → Malay: bina
** Indonesian: bina
* → Ottoman Turkish: بنا (binâ)
** Turkish: bina
** → Laz: ბინა (bina)
** → Romanian: bina
* → Persian: بنا (benâ)
* → Tajik: бино (bino)
* → Tatar: бина (bina)
* → Turkmen: bina
* → Urdu: بنا (binā)

##### References

* ↑ Lane, Edward William (1863) “بناء”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate

### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bi.naː.ʔan/

#### Noun

بِنَاءً • (bināʔan)
* indefinite accusative singular of بِنَاء (bināʔ)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: binaən
* → Chagatai: بناء
** Uyghur: بىنائەن (bina'en)
** Uzbek: binoan
* → Ottoman Turkish: بناء (binâʾen)
** Turkish: binaen
* → Persian: بناءً (benâ'an)

### Etymology 1.3

Occupational noun from the verb بَنَى (banā, “to build”).

#### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

بَنَّاء • (bannāʔ) m (dual بَنَّاءَانِ (bannāʔāni), plural بَنَّاؤُون (bannāʔūn), feminine بَنَّاءَة (bannāʔa))
* builder
* architect

##### Descendants

* → Armenian: բաննա (banna), բաննահ (bannah), բնա (bna), բընայ (bənay), պնահ (pnah)
* → Azerbaijani: bənna
* → Ottoman Turkish: بنا (bennâ)
* → Persian: بنا (bannâ)
* → Portuguese: alvenel
* → Spanish: albañil
* → Urdu: بنا (bannā)

#### Adjective

بَنَّاء • (bannāʔ) (feminine بَنَّاءَة (bannāʔa), masculine plural بَنَّاؤُون (bannāʔūn), feminine plural بَنَّاءَات (bannāʔāt))
* constructive

##### Declension
### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “بناء”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بِنَاءً (bināʔan), adverbial accusative of بِنَاء (bināʔ).

### Adverb

بناءً • (binâʾen)
* (conjunctive) consequently, in consequence of (what precedes)

#### Related terms

* بناءً علی ذٰلك (binâʾen ʿalâ ẕâlik)
* بناءً علیه (binâʾen ʿaleyh)
* بنا (binâ)
(from the same Arabic root):
* بنا (bennâ)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: binaen

### References

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بناء”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 386

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بِنَاءً (bināʔan), adverbial accusative of بِنَاء (bināʔ). By surface analysis, بنا (benâ) +‎ ـاً (-an).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [bi.nɑː.ʔan]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bɪ.nɑː.ʔän]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bɪ.nɑː.ʔän]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bɪ.nɑːän]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bi.nɔːän]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [be.nɒː.ʔæn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bi.nɔ.ʔän]

### Adverb

| Dari | بناء |
| Iranian Persian | بناء |
| Tajik | биноан |
بناءً • (benâ'an)
* Only used in بناءً علی هٰذا (benâ'an 'alâ hâzâ)

#### Related terms

* بنا (benâ)
(from the same Arabic root):
* بنا (bannâ)

### References

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “بناء”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim