# 載

| 載 | U+8F09, &#36617; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F09 |
| ← 輈 [U+8F08] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 輊 → [U+8F0A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

載 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 十戈十田十 (JIJWJ), four-corner 4355$_0$, composition ⿹𢦏車)

#### Derived characters

* 儎, 𢶪, 𰝑, 𪳾, 𫄇, 𠥠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1243, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38309
* Dae Jaweon: page 1719, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3526, character 10
* Unihan data for U+8F09

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 𢦏 | *ʔslɯː |
| 栽 | *ʔslɯː, *zlɯːs |
| 哉 | *ʔslɯː |
| 烖 | *ʔslɯː |
| 載 | *ʔslɯːʔ, *ʔslɯːs, *zlɯːs |
| 渽 | *ʔsɯː |
| 睵 | *ʔsɯː, *sʰɯː |
| 溨 | *zɯː |
| 裁 | *zlɯː, *zlɯːs |
| 酨 | *l'ɯːs, *zlɯːs |
| 蛓 | *sʰles, *sʰɯs |
| 胾 | *ʔsrɯs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *ʔslɯːs, *zlɯːs) : semantic 車 (“chariot”) + phonetic 𢦏 (OC *ʔslɯː).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zài (zai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chai / choi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zoi$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cái
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zai$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tse
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zài
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zài
*** Wade–Giles: tsai$^4$
*** Yale: dzài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzay
*** Palladius: цзай (czaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoi$^3$
*** Yale: joi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zoi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chai / choi
*** Hakka Romanization System: zai / zoi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zai$^4$ / zoi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯⁵⁵/, /t͡soi̯⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zoi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡soɪ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cái
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chài
*** Tâi-lô: tsài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zaix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zai$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsài
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tse
*** MiniDict: tse$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tse
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡se³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dzojH
Rime :
| Character | 載 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 昨代切 |
| Baxter | dzojH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zəi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡zʱɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m-ts]ˤəʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zlɯːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 載 |
| Reading # | 2/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzoj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[m-ts]ˁəʔ-s/ |
| English | load on a vehicle (v.t.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 載 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 16499 |
| Phonetic component | 𢦏 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 載 |
| Old Chinese | /*zlɯːs/ |

#### Definitions

載
* to ride; to travel (by); to take
* to carry; to hold; to be loaded with; to transport; to deliver; to escort; to accompany (to a certain place)
    載人航天／载人航天 ― zàirénhángtiān ― human spaceflight
       Nǐ kěyǐ zài wǒ qù huǒchēzhàn ma? [Pinyin]
       Can you drive me to the train station?
* to bear (the weight of); to support; to hold up; to uphold; to sustain
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Shuǐ zé zài zhōu, shuǐ zé fù zhōu. [Pinyin]
    Water supports the boat, and also overturns it.
* to be charged with; to assume (responsibility)
* to put into force; to come into effect
* to set out; to display
* to be in a certain condition
* to offer sacrifices to gods or ancestors
* to begin; to start
* to decorate; to deck out
* (in the form of 載…載…) Indicating simultaneous, interspersed, or continually repeated actions.
    載歌載舞／载歌载舞 ― zàigēzàiwǔ ― to sing and dance
* as well as; also
* to be full of; to fill (the road); to be all over
* (colloquial) Short for 下載 (“to download”).
    先去載個軟件。／先去载个软件。 ― Xiān qù zǎi ge ruǎnjiàn. ― Download the software first.
* vehicle; car; ship
* things loaded; loads
* affair; cause; undertaking
* Classifier for amount loaded by one chariot.
* (Eastern Min) would rather; rather

#### Compounds

* 倒載干戈
* 厚德載物／厚德载物 (hòudézàiwù)
* 厚德載福／厚德载福
* 厚載／厚载
* 口碑載道／口碑载道
* 地無不載／地无不载
* 大車以載／大车以载
* 天地蓋載／天地盖载
* 天覆地載／天覆地载
* 巔峰負載／巅峰负载
* 干戈載戢
* 怨聲載路／怨声载路
* 怨聲載道／怨声载道 (yuànshēngzàidào)
* 承載／承载
* 搭載／搭载 (dāzài)
* 攬載／揽载
* 文以載道／文以载道 (wényǐzàidào)
* 斗量車載／斗量车载
* 明仔載／明仔载 (bîn-á-chài)
* 滿載／满载 (mǎnzài)
* 滿載而歸／满载而归 (mǎnzài'érguī)
* 稛載／稛载
* 裝載／装载 (zhuāngzài)
* 覆舟載舟／覆舟载舟
* 覆載／覆载
* 該載／该载
* 負載／负载 (fùzài)
* 負載開關／负载开关
* 超載／超载 (chāozài)
* 車載斗量／车载斗量 (chēzàidǒuliàng)
* 載客／载客 (zàikè)
* 載客量／载客量
* 載機／载机
* 載歌且舞／载歌且舞
* 載歌載舞／载歌载舞 (zàigēzàiwǔ)
* 載沉載浮／载沉载浮
* 載波／载波 (zàibō)
* 載福／载福
* 載笑載言／载笑载言
* 載舟覆舟／载舟覆舟
* 載芟／载芟
* 載荷／载荷
* 載見／载见
* 載譽／载誉
* 載貨／载货
* 載道／载道 (zàidào)
* 載運／载运
* 載道怨聲／载道怨声
* 載酒／载酒
* 載酒問字／载酒问字
* 載重／载重 (zàizhòng)
* 載重量／载重量 (zàizhòngliàng)
* 載馳／载驰
* 載馳載驅／载驰载驱
* 載驅／载驱
* 載體／载体
* 輦載／辇载
* 過載／过载 (guòzài)
* 運載／运载 (yùnzài)
* 頌聲載道／颂声载道
* 餓莩載道／饿莩载道

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zǎi, zài
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˇ, ㄗㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chai
* Eastern Min (BUC): cái
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zai$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tse
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǎi
*** Wade–Giles: tsai$^3$
*** Yale: dzǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzae
*** Palladius: цзай (czaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zài
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zài
*** Wade–Giles: tsai$^4$
*** Yale: dzài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzay
*** Palladius: цзай (czaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoi$^3$
*** Yale: joi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zoi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chai
*** Hakka Romanization System: zai
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cái
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chài
*** Tâi-lô: tsài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zaix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zai$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsài
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tse
*** MiniDict: tse$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tse
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡se³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsojH
Rime :
| Character | 載 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 作代切 |
| Baxter | tsojH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡səi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡səj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoi$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤə[ʔ]-s/, /*[ts]ˤəʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 載 | 載 |
| Reading # | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zài | zài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsoj$^H$ › | ‹ tsoj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁə[ʔ]-s/ | /*[ts]ˁəʔ-s/ |
| English | record (v.) | be conveyed in a vehicle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 載 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 16493 |
| Phonetic component | 𢦏 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 載 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔslɯːs/ |

#### Definitions

載
* to record; to put down in writing (i.e. “to be conveyed”)
* to describe; to depict

#### Compounds

* 侔德覆載／侔德覆载
* 刊載／刊载 (kānzǎi)
* 前載／前载
* 報載／报载
* 登載／登载 (dēngzǎi)
* 記載／记载 (jìzǎi)
* 載明／载明
* 載書／载书 (zàishū)
* 載籍／载籍
* 載記／载记
* 轉載／转载
* 轉載稿／转载稿
* 連載／连载 (liánzǎi)
* 長篇連載／长篇连载
* 附載／附载

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zǎi (zai$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chái
* Eastern Min (BUC): cāi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): cháiⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zai$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tse
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǎi
*** Wade–Giles: tsai$^3$
*** Yale: dzǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzae
*** Palladius: цзай (czaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoi$^2$
*** Yale: jói
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zoi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːi̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chái
*** Hakka Romanization System: zai$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cāi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tsáinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zvae
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sãi⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sãi⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sãi⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sãi⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sãi⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zai$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsái
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tse
*** MiniDict: tse$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tse
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡se³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsojX
Rime :
| Character | 載 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 作亥切 |
| Baxter | tsojX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʌi$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡səi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɒi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡səj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sᴀi$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sɒi$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sɑ̆i$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zǎi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 載 |
| Reading # | 1/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zǎi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsoj$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁəʔ/ |
| English | year |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 載 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 16492 |
| Phonetic component | 𢦏 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 宰 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔslɯːʔ/ |

#### Definitions

載
* Classifier for years.
* (numeral) hundred tredecillion (10$^{44}$)

#### Compounds

* 一年半載／一年半载 (yīniánbànzǎi)
* 三年五載／三年五载 (sānniánwǔzǎi)
* 億載金城／亿载金城
* 十年八載／十年八载 (shíniánbāzǎi)
* 十載寒窗／十载寒窗
* 千年萬載／千年万载
* 千載／千载 (qiānzǎi)
* 千載一合／千载一合
* 千載一時／千载一时
* 千載一會／千载一会
* 千載一逢／千载一逢
* 千載一遇／千载一遇 (qiānzǎiyīyù)
* 千載揚名／千载扬名
* 千載獨步／千载独步
* 千載難逢／千载难逢 (qiānzǎinánféng)
* 萬載千秋／万载千秋 (wànzǎiqiānqiū)
* 遺臭萬載／遗臭万载

#### See also

Chinese numerals :
| 10$^4$ | 10$^8$ | 10$^{12}$ | 10$^{16}$ | 10$^{20}$ | 10$^{24}$ | 10$^{28}$ | 10$^{32}$ | 10$^{36}$ | 10$^{40}$ | 10$^{44}$ | 10$^{48}$ |
| 萬／万 (wàn) | 億／亿 (yì) | 兆 (zhào) (Taiwan) | 京 (jīng) (Taiwan) | 垓 (gāi) | 秭 (zǐ) | 穰 (ráng) | 溝／沟 (gōu) | 澗／涧 (jiàn) | 正 (zhèng) | 載／载 (zài) | 極／极 (jí) |
| 萬／万 (wàn) | 億／亿 (yì) | 萬億／万亿 (wànyì) (Mainland China) | 億億/亿亿 (Mainland China) | 垓 (gāi) | 秭 (zǐ) | 穰 (ráng) | 溝／沟 (gōu) | 澗／涧 (jiàn) | 正 (zhèng) | 載／载 (zài) | 極／极 (jí) |

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)、ざい (zai)
* Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
* Kun: のる (noru, 載る, Jōyō)、のせる (noseru, 載せる, Jōyō)、のす (nosu, 載す)、しるす (shirusu, 載す)

### Number

載(さい) • (sai)
* a hundred-tredecillion (10$^{44}$)

## Korean
### Hanja

載 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae, Yale cay)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

載: Hán Nôm readings: tải
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.