# ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲥⲕⲁⲗⲕⲗ (skalkl), ⲥⲕⲁⲣⲕⲣ (skarkr), ⲥⲗⲉϭⲗⲉϭ (sleclec) — Fayyumic
* ⲥⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ (skorkr) — Sahidic
* ⲥⲕⲁⲣⲕⲣⲉ (skarkre) — Akhmimic

### Verb

ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ • (skerker) (pronominal state ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲱⲣ⸗, stative ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲱⲣ)
* (Bohairic) to roll, be rolled

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ skerker | imperative | affirmative | ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ skerker |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ štemskerker | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀perskerker |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ tiskerker | ⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ kskerker | ⲧⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ teskerker | ϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ fskerker | ⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ sskerker | ⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ tenskerker | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ tetenskerker | ⲥⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ seskerker | ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ skerker |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eiskerker | ⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ekskerker | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ereskerker | ⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ efskerker | ⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ esskerker | ⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ enskerker | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eretenskerker | ⲉⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ euskerker | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ere- skerker |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etiskerker | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etekskerker | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eteskerker | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etefskerker | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etesskerker | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etenskerker | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etetenskerker | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etouskerker | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ete- skerker |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ naiskerker | ⲛⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nakskerker | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nareskerker | ⲛⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nafskerker | ⲛⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nasskerker | ⲛⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nanskerker | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ naretenskerker | ⲛⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nauskerker | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nare- skerker |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ aiskerker | ⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ akskerker | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ areskerker | ⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ afskerker | ⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ asskerker | ⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ anskerker | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ aretenskerker | ⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ auskerker | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ are- skerker |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ tinaskerker | ⲭⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ khnaskerker | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ teraskerker | ϥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ fnaskerker | ⲥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ snaskerker | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ tennaskerker | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ tetennaskerker | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ senaskerker | ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ naskerker |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ einaskerker | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ekhnaskerker | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ erenaskerker | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ efnaskerker | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ esnaskerker | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ennaskerker | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eretennaskerker | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eunaskerker | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ere- naskerker |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etinaskerker | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etekhnaskerker | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etenaskerker | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etefnaskerker | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etesnaskerker | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etennaskerker | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etetennaskerker | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etounaskerker | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ete- naskerker |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nainaskerker | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nakhnaskerker | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ narenaskerker | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nafnaskerker | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nasnaskerker | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nannaskerker | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ naretennaskerker | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ naunaskerker | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nare- naskerker |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ainaskerker | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ akhnaskerker | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ arenaskerker | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ afnaskerker | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ asnaskerker | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ annaskerker | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ aretennaskerker | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ aunaskerker | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ are- naskerker |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ aiskerker | ⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ akskerker | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ areskerker | ⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ afskerker | ⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ asskerker | ⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ anskerker | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ atetenskerker | ⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ auskerker | ⲁ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ a- skerker |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀piskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀pekskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀peskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀pefskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀pesskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀penskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀petenskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀pouskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀pe- skerker |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eaiskerker | ⲉⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eakskerker | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eareskerker | ⲉⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eafskerker | ⲉⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ easskerker | ⲉⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eanskerker | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eatetenskerker | ⲉⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eauskerker | ⲉⲁ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ea- skerker |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀piskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pekskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀peskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pefskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pesskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀penskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀petenskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pouskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pe- skerker |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etaiskerker | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etakskerker | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etareskerker | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etafskerker | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etasskerker | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etanskerker | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etaretenskerker | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etauskerker | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eta- skerker |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀piskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀pekskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀peskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀pefskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀pesskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀penskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀petenskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀pouskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀pe- skerker |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ neaiskerker | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ neakskerker | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ neareskerker | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ neafskerker | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ neasskerker | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ neanskerker | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ neatetenskerker | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ neauskerker | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nea- skerker |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nem̀piskerker | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nem̀pekskerker | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nem̀peskerker | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nem̀pefskerker | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nem̀pesskerker | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nem̀penskerker | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nem̀petenskerker | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nem̀pouskerker | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nem̀pe- skerker |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etaiskerker | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etakskerker | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etareskerker | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etafskerker | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etasskerker | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etanskerker | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etaretenskerker | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etauskerker | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eta- skerker |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀patiskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀patekskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀pateskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀patefskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀patesskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀patenskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀patetenskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀patouskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀pate- skerker |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀patiskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀patekskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pateskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀patefskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀patesskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀patenskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀patetenskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀patouskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pate- skerker |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀patiskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀patekskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀pateskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀patefskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀patesskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀patenskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀patetenskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀patouskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀pate- skerker |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀patiskerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀patekskerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀pateskerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀patefskerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀patesskerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀patenskerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀patetenskerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀patouskerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀pate- skerker |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šaiskerker | ϣⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šakskerker | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šareskerker | ϣⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šafskerker | ϣⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šasskerker | ϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šanskerker | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šatetenskerker | ϣⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šauskerker | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šare- skerker |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀paiskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀pakskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀pareskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀pafskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀passkerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀panskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀paretenskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀pauskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀pare- skerker |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ešaiskerker | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ešakskerker | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ešareskerker | ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ešafskerker | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ešasskerker | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ešanskerker | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ešatetenskerker | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ešauskerker | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ešare- skerker |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀paiskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pakskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pareskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pafskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀passkerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀panskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀paretenskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pauskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pare- skerker |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etšaiskerker | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etšakskerker | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etšareskerker | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etšafskerker | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etšasskerker | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etšanskerker | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etšatetenskerker | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etšauskerker | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etšare- skerker |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀paiskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀pakskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀pareskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀pafskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀passkerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀panskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀paretenskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀pauskerker | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ etm̀pare- skerker |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ našaiskerker | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ našakskerker | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ našareskerker | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ našafskerker | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ našasskerker | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ našanskerker | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ našatetenskerker | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ našauskerker | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ našare- skerker |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀paiskerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀pakskerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀pareskerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀pafskerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀passkerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀panskerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀paretenskerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀pauskerker | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ nam̀pare- skerker |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀paiskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pakskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pareskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pafskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀passkerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀panskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀paretenskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pauskerker | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ em̀pare- skerker |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eieskerker | ⲉⲕⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ekeskerker | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ereskerker | ⲉϥⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ efeskerker | ⲉⲥⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eseskerker | ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eneskerker | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ereteneskerker | ⲉⲩⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ eueskerker | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ere- skerker |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹnaskerker | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹnekskerker | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹneskerker | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹnefskerker | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹnesskerker | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹnenskerker | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹnetenskerker | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹnouskerker | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹne- skerker |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ mariskerker | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ marefskerker | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ maresskerker | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ marenskerker | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ marouskerker | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ mare- skerker |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀penthriskerker | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀penthrefskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀penthresskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀penthrenskerker | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀penthreuskerker | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ m̀penthre- skerker |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹtaskerker | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹtekskerker | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹteskerker | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹtefskerker | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹtesskerker | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹtenskerker | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹtetenskerker | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹseskerker, ǹtouskerker | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ ǹte- skerker |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ tariskerker | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ tarekskerker | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ tareskerker | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ tarefskerker | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ taresskerker | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ tarenskerker | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ taretenskerker | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ tarouskerker | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ tare- skerker |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šatiskerker | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šatekskerker | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šateskerker | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šatefskerker | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šatesskerker | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šatenskerker | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šatetenskerker | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šatouskerker | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ šate- skerker |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ aišanskerker | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ akšanskerker | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ arešanskerker | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ afšanskerker | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ asšanskerker | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ anšanskerker | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ aretenšanskerker | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ aušanskerker | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ arešan- skerker |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ aiskerker | ⲁⲕⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ akskerker | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ areskerker | ⲁϥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ afskerker | ⲁⲥⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ asskerker | ⲁⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ anskerker | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ aretenskerker | ⲁⲩⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ auskerker | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲕⲉⲣⲕⲉⲣ are- skerker |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 329
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 150