# 曰く
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 曰
* いわ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese.
The く (ku)-nominalization of the classical verb 言ふ (ifu), modern 言う (iu, “to say”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いわく [íꜜwàkù] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) いわく [ìwákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [iβ̞a̠kɯ̟]

#### Noun

曰(いわ)く • (iwaku)
* (used adverbially) what a person or source says; according to
    カール・マルクス曰(いわ)く「あらゆる社(しゃ)会(かい)の歴(れき)史(し)は階(かい)級(きゅう)闘(とう)争(そう)の歴(れき)史(し)である」だそうです。
       Kāru Marukusu iwaku “Arayuru shakai no rekishi wa kaikyū tōsō no rekishi de aru” da sō desu.
       Karl Marx says that "The history of society is the history of class struggles."
** Analects, kanbun kundoku
    曾(そう)子(し)曰(いわ)く、吾(われ)、日(ひ)に三(み)たび吾(わ)が身(み)を省(かえり)みる。
       Sōshi iwaku, ware, hi ni mitabi waga mi o kaerimiru.
       Zengzi said: I reflect on myself thrice a day.
* a reason, story
** 1955 May, Ango Sakaguchi, Murder Case of the Baseball Pitcher(投手殺人事件):
    曰(いわ)くありですな。
       Iwaku ari desu na.
       There's a story behind it for sure.

##### Usage notes

Do not confuse the kanji 曰 (“say”) with 日 (“sun; day”).

##### Derived terms

* 曰(いわ)く言(い)い難(がた)し (iwaku iigatashi)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 曰
* のたまわ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 宣わく 曰わく
The く (ku)-nominalization of the classical verb 宣ふ (notamafu → notamau, “to say”, archaic), from 宣(の)り給(たま)う (noritamau), compound of 宣(の)り (nori, “連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 宣(の)る (noru, “to say, declare”)”) + たまう (tamau, an honorific).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) のたまわく [nòtámáꜜwàkù] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [no̞ta̠ma̠β̞a̠kɯ̟]

#### Noun

曰(のたまわ)く • (notamawaku)
* (honorific, used adverbially) ...says
** 1596, Contemptus mundi
    Von arujino notamauaqu: qui seqitur me, non ambulat in tenebris, sed babebit lumen vitæ. Ioan. 8. Vareuo xitǒ monoua yamigiuo yucazu: tada jumiǒ no ficariuo motçu bexi to nari.The Lord says: Qui seqitur me, non ambulat in tenebris, sed babebit lumen vitæ. (John 8[:12]) ‘Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness but will have the light of life.’

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Bjarke Frellesvig (2010) A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 300

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

The く (ku)-nominalization of verb 言ふ (ipu, “to say”).

### Noun

曰く (ipaku) (kana いはく)
* (used adverbially) what a person or source says
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 4, poem 619:...幼婦常 言雲知久 手小童之 哭耳泣管 俳徊 君之使乎 待八兼手六...tawayame$_1$ to$_2$ ipaku mo siruku tawarapa no$_2$ ne no$_2$mi$_2$ naki$_1$tutu tamoto$_2$pori ki$_1$mi$_1$ ga tukapi$_1$ wo mati ya kanetemu...as the type of (weak) woman spoken of as a tawayame (手弱女), I cry all the time like a child, wandering around and waiting for an envoy with a message from you.

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 曰く (iwaku)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN