# Martius
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* mārtius (alternative case form)

### Etymology

From Mārs +‎ -ius. As a noun, ellipsis of Mārtius mēnsis m (“month of March”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈmaːr.ti.us/, [ˈmäːrt̪iʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈmar.t͡si.us/, [ˈmärt̪͡s̪ius]

### Adjective

Mārtius (feminine Mārtia, neuter Mārtium); first/second-declension adjective
* of or belonging to Mars, the god of war; sacred to Mars
* (figuratively) warlike, martial
* of or belonging to the planet Mars
* of or pertaining to the month of March, of March, the first month of the traditional Roman year or third month of the Gregorian calendar

#### Usage notes

In Classical Latin, month names were regularly used as adjectives, generally modifying a case-form of mēnsis m sg (“month”) or of one of the nouns used in the Roman calendar to refer to specific days of the month from which other days were counted: Calendae f pl (“calends”), Nōnae f pl (“nones”), Īdūs f pl (“ides”). However, the masculine noun mēnsis could be omitted by ellipsis, so the masculine singular forms of month names eventually came to be used as proper nouns.
The accusative plural adjective forms Aprīlīs, Septembrīs, Octōbrīs, Novembrīs, Decembrīs are ambiguous in writing, being spelled identically to the genitive singular forms of the nouns; nevertheless, the use of ablative singular forms in -ī and comparison with the usage of other month names as adjectives supports the interpretation of -is as an accusative plural adjective ending in Classical Latin phrases such as "kalendas Septembris".

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Related terms

* mārtiālis

### Proper noun

Mārtius m (genitive Mārtiī or Mārtī); second declension
* The month of March.

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | Mārtius | Mārtiī |
| Genitive | Mārtiī Mārtī$^1$ | Mārtiōrum |
| Dative | Mārtiō | Mārtiīs |
| Accusative | Mārtium | Mārtiōs |
| Ablative | Mārtiō | Mārtiīs |
| Vocative | Mārtī | Mārtiī |
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: martsu
** Romanian: marț
* Italo-Romance:
** Corsican: marzu
** Italian: marzo (see there for further descendants)
** Neapolitan: màrzo
** Sicilian: marzu
* Padanian:
** Friulian: Març
** Ladin: merz
** Romansch: mars, marz
** Venetian: marso
*** → Cimbrian: maartzo, martzo (Luserna)
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: març
** Franco-Provençal: mârs
** Old French: mars (see there for further descendants)
** Occitan: març
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: marzo
** Asturian: marzu
** Mirandese: Márcio
** Old Galician-Portuguese: março (see there for further descendants)
** Old Spanish: março
*** Ladino: marso
*** Spanish: marzo (see there for further descendants)
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: maltu, maltzu, martzu, martu
Borrowings:
* → Albanian: mars
* → Ancient Greek: Μάρτιος (Mártios) (see there for further descendants)
* → Proto-Brythonic:
** Middle Breton: meurs
*** Breton: Meurzh
** Cornish: Merth
** Welsh: Mawrth
* → Middle Dutch: maerte
** Dutch: maart
*** Afrikaans: Maart
*** Jersey Dutch: Mêrt
*** Negerhollands: maert
*** → Caribbean Hindustani: maart
*** → Indonesian: Maret
*** → Papiamentu: mart, maart
** Limburgish: miert, meert, mieërt
* → Old Georgian: მარტი (marṭi)
** Georgian: მარტი (marṭi)
* → Old High German: merzo, marceo
** Middle High German: merze, merz
*** Bavarian:
**** Cimbrian: mèertzo
**** Mòcheno: merz
*** German: März, Märze, Merz, Merze (obsolete)
**** → Estonian: märts
**** → Hebrew: מרץ (merts)
**** → Hunsrik: Merz
**** → Luxembourgish: Mäerz
**** → Luxembourgish: Mäerz
*** Pennsylvania German: Marz, Matz, Maerz
*** Yiddish: מאַרץ (marts)
* → Old Irish: Mart
** Irish: Márta
** Manx: Mayrnt
** Scottish Gaelic: Màrt
Unsorted borrowings:
* → Alabama: Màchka
* → Amharic: ማርች (marč)
* → Arabic: مارس (mars)
* → Azerbaijani: mart
* → Danish: marts
* → Dhivehi: މާރޗް (mārc)
* → Faroese: mars
* → Fijian: Maji
* → Gilbertese: Mati
* → Greenlandic: marsi
* → Hebrew: מרס (mars)
* → Hungarian: március
* → Ilocano: marso
* → Icelandic: mars
* → Kannada: ಮಾರ್ಚಿ (mārci)
* → Kongo: marisi
* → Kyrgyz: март (mart)
* → Latvian: marts
* → Lingala: mársi
* → Livonian: märts
* → Low German: März
* → Macedonian: март (mart)
* → Maltese: Marzu
* → Marathi: मार्च (mārca)
* → North Frisian: marts, märts
* → Norwegian: mars
* → Ossetian: мартъи (mart’i)
* → Odia: ମାର୍ଚ୍ଚ (mārcca)
* → Pashto: مارچ (mārč)
* → Polish: marzec
* → Samoan: mati
* → Saterland Frisian: Meerte
* → Serbo-Croatian: март / mart
* → Sinhalese: මාර්තු (mārtu)
* → Slovak: marec
* → Slovene: marec
* → Swedish: mars
* → Tahitian: māti
* → Tamil: மார்ச் (mārc)
* → Tatar: mart, март (mart)
* → Telugu: మార్చి (mārci)
* → Turkish: mart
* → Upper Sorbian: měrc
* → Urdu: مارچ (mārc)
* → Uzbek: mart
* → West Frisian: maart
* → Zazaki: mert

### See also

* Roman calendar on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### References

* ↑ Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1853) Leonhard Schmitz, Charles Anthon, transl., A Grammar of the Latin Language, 3rd edition, pages 31, 85
* ↑ Gaeng, Paul A. (1968) An Inquiry into Local Variations in Vulgar Latin: As Reflected in the Vocalism of Christian Inscriptions, page 183
* ↑ Frost, P. (1861) The Germania and Agricola of Tacitus, page 161

### Further reading

* “Martius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “Martius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers