# vile
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English vile, vyle, vyl, from Anglo-Norman ville, Old French vil, vile, from Latin vīlis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vaɪ(ə)l/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪl
* Homophone: vial

### Adjective

vile (comparative viler or more vile, superlative vilest or most vile)
* Morally low; base; despicable.
    vile accusation
    vile man
** 1842 February 22, Abraham Lincoln, “Address Before the Springfield Washingtonian Temperance Society”, in Arthur Brooks Lapsley, editor, The Papers and Writings of Abraham Lincoln‎:Turn now to the temperance revolution. In it we shall find a stronger bondage broken, a viler slavery manumitted, a greater tyrant deposed; in it, more of want supplied, more disease healed, more sorrow assuaged.
** 1870, William Minto, “Daniel Defoe”, in Acme Library of Standard Biography:The parties stooped to vile and unbecoming meannesses; infinite briberies, forgeries, perjuries, and all manners of debauchings of the principles and manners of the electors were attempted.
** 2020 January 1, “Cultivating Myself Well and Helping People to Understand the Truth about Falun Dafa”, in Minghui‎:People crave human decency, warmth, and sincerity even in the vilest of circumstances…
* Causing physical or mental repulsion; horrid.
    I glimpsed a vile squid-like creature in the depths.
    vile taste
    vile smell
    vile smile
    vile substance
    vile weather

#### Synonyms

* (morally low): base, despicable, mean, ignoble, inappropriate

#### Derived terms

* vilify

#### Translations
### See also

* corpus vile
* durance vile
* vile vortex

### Anagrams

* Levi, Viel, evil, live, veil, vlei

## Albanian
### Etymology

A formation from vjel (“to pluck, harvest”).

### Noun

vile f (plural vile, definite vilja, definite plural vilet)
* bunch of grapes

#### Related terms

* vjel
* vjell

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɪlɛ]

### Noun

vile f
* dative/locative singular of vila

## Estonian
### Etymology

From vilisema +‎ -e.

### Noun

vile (genitive vile, partitive vilet)
* whistle

#### Declension
## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

vile
* feminine singular of vil

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin vīlis (“cheap”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvi.le/
* Rhymes: -ile
* Hyphenation: vì‧le

### Adjective

vile (plural vili)
* cowardly, dastardly
    Synonyms: codardo, vigliacco
* base, miserable, mean
    Synonym: miserabile
* cheap, worthless, base
    Synonym: privo di valore

### Noun

vile m or f by sense (plural vili)
* coward
    Synonyms: fifone, codardo

#### Derived terms

* avvilire
* svilire

#### Related terms

* vilipendio
* vilmente
* viltà

### Further reading

* vile in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
* vile in Aldo Gabrielli, Grandi Dizionario Italiano (Hoepli)
* vile in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa
* vile in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
* vile in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* Levi, levi, live, veli

## Latin
### Adjective

vīle
* nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of vīlis

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* ville

### Etymology

From Latin vīlla.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvi.lə/

### Noun

vile oblique singular, f (oblique plural viles, nominative singular vile, nominative plural viles)
* town; city
** 12th or 13th Century, author unknown, La Damme qui fist trois Tours:Ele est la fors en cele vileShe is over there, in the city.

#### Descendants

* French: ville

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vidla (Russian ви́лы (víly), Czech vidle).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋîle/
* Hyphenation: vi‧le

#### Noun

vȉle f (Cyrillic spelling ви̏ле)
* (plural only) pitchfork

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Participle

vile (Cyrillic spelling виле)
* feminine plural active past participle of viti

### References

* “vile” in Hrvatski jezični portal

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *vidla.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋìːlɛ/

### Noun

víle f pl
* pitchfork

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* “vile”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Adjective

vile
* Vi class inflected form and adverbial form of -le.

## Venetan
### Noun

vile
* plural of vila