# νῦν
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* νυν (nun), νυ (nu) — enclitic

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *nū (“now”). Cognate with Lithuanian nù (“now, well now”), Proto-Slavic *nyně (“now”), Latin num (“now”), Latin nunc (“now, soon, today, nowadays”), Sanskrit नु, नू (nu, nū, “now”), Proto-Germanic *nu (English now) and Albanian nu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nŷːn/ → /nyn/ → /nin/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /nŷːn/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /nyn/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /nyn/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /nyn/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /nin/

### Adverb

νῦν • (nûn)
* (of time) now, at this time
    Νῦν δὲ ἄκουσόν μου!Nûn dè ákousón mou!Now listen to me!
    Νῦν καὶ ἀεί.Nûn kaì aeí.Now and always.
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.272
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.68
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 1.105
** 500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Collected Works 5.4
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1069A.26
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.6
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 174
** 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Parmenides 141E
** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 351
** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 16
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1295
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 218A.6
** 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Parmenides 152C
** 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 46.30
** 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 46.34
** 36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 17.110
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.104
** 430 BCE, Euripides, Herakles' Children 641
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 7.101
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 133
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 506E
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.42
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians 31.2
** New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 24:25
** (of the recent past) just now
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.439
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.772
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.43
*** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 84
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.5.48
*** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 341C
*** 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 13
** (constrasting what might have been) as it is, as it stands
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.166
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.126
*** 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 384B
*** 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 195
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.4.24
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.7.17
* (not of time, often enclitic)
** (used to strengthen or hasten a command, call, etc.)
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.115
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.485
*** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 82
*** 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 1001
*** 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 149
*** 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 724
*** 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 467
*** 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 430
*** 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 316
*** 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 1056
*** 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 381
*** 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 414
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 87
*** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 644
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.21
*** 500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Collected Works 18.8
** (used to strengthen a question)
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.373
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.414
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.31
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.125
*** 1 CE – 200 CE, Aelius Herodianus, On Peculiar Style 2.39
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.485
*** 1 CE – 200 CE, Aelius Herodianus, On Peculiar Style 2.27
*** 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 414
*** 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 1.664
*** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 82
*** 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 242
*** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 705
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 324
*** 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 414
*** 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 758
*** 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 922
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 87
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 92
*** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 468
*** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1333
*** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1177
*** 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 56

#### Descendants

* Greek: νυν (nyn)

### References

* “νῦν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “νῦν”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “νῦν”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* νῦν in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* νῦν in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “νῦν”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G3568 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. as idem, page 42.just idem, page 466.lately idem, page 478.newly idem, page 557.now idem, page 562.present idem, page 636.recently idem, page 678.time idem, page 875.