# 車軸
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chēzhóu
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄜ ㄓㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ce$^1$ zuk$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhia-tia̍k / chhia-te̍k / chhia-tio̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chēzhóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄜ ㄓㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chejhóu
*** Wade–Giles: chʻê$^1$-chou$^2$
*** Yale: chē-jóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chejour
*** Palladius: чэчжоу (čɛčžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ce$^1$ zuk$^6$
*** Yale: chē juhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tse$^1$ dzuk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cé$^1$ zug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhia-tia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tshia-tia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chia'diak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰia³³ tiak̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhia-te̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tshia-ti̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chia'dek
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhia-tio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tshia-tio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chia'diok
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚¹²¹/

### Noun

車軸
* axletree; axle (Classifier: 根 m)

#### Synonyms

* (Harbin Mandarin) 軸杠
* (Hokkien) 車心／车心

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 車軸(しゃじく) (shajiku)
* → Korean: 차축(車軸) (chachuk)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 車 | 軸 |
| しゃ Grade: 1 | じく Grade: S |
| on'yomi | goon |

### Etymology

Compound of 車(しゃ) (sha, “car; vehicle”) + 軸(じく) (jiku, “axis”).
First cited to a text from 1002.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゃじく [shàjíkú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕa̠ʑikɯ̟]

### Noun

車(しゃ)軸(じく) • (shajiku)
* [from 1002] axle, axletree
    Synonym: 軸 (yokogami)
* [from circa 1602] a very heavy rain, cats and dogs (from the idea of raindrops as big around as a cart's axle)
* short for 車軸草 (shajikusō, “clover”)

### Verb

車(しゃ)軸(じく)する • (shajiku suru) suru (stem 車(しゃ)軸(じく)し (shajiku shi), past 車(しゃ)軸(じく)した (shajiku shita))
* [from circa 1602] to rain very heavily, to rain cats and dogs (from the idea of raindrops as big around as a cart's axle)

#### Inflection

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 車軸し | しゃじくし | shajiku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 車軸し | しゃじくし | shajiku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 車軸する | しゃじくする | shajiku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 車軸する | しゃじくする | shajiku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 車軸すれ | しゃじくすれ | shajiku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 車軸せよ¹ 車軸しろ² | しゃじくせよ¹ しゃじくしろ² | shajiku seyo¹ shajiku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 車軸される | しゃじくされる | shajiku sareru |
| Causative | 車軸させる 車軸さす | しゃじくさせる しゃじくさす | shajiku saseru shajiku sasu |
| Potential | 車軸できる | しゃじくできる | shajiku dekiru |
| Volitional | 車軸しよう | しゃじくしよう | shajiku shiyō |
| Negative | 車軸しない | しゃじくしない | shajiku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 車軸せず | しゃじくせず | shajiku sezu |
| Formal | 車軸します | しゃじくします | shajiku shimasu |
| Perfective | 車軸した | しゃじくした | shajiku shita |
| Conjunctive | 車軸して | しゃじくして | shajiku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 車軸すれば | しゃじくすれば | shajiku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Derived terms

* 車(しゃ)軸(じく)を流(なが)す (shajiku o nagasu): to rain very heavily, to rain cats and dogs (literally “to wash away axles”)
* 車(しゃ)軸(じく)る (shajikuru): to rain very heavily, to rain cats and dogs (from the idea of raindrops as big around as a cart's axle)

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 車 | 軸 |

### Noun

車軸 • (chachuk) (hangeul 차축)
* hanja form of 차축 (“axle, axletree”)