# 呰

| 呰 | U+5470, &#21616; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5470 |
| ← 呯 [U+546F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 呱 → [U+5471] |

## Translingual
### Han character

呰 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜心口 (YPR), four-corner 2160$_1$, composition ⿱此口)
* to slander
* revile

#### Derived characters

* 𧩢 𣣊

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 182, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3452
* Dae Jaweon: page 401, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 614, character 8
* Unihan data for U+5470

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 呰
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 些 | *saːls, *sjaːl, *seːs |
| 跐 | *ʔsreːʔ, *ʔseʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ʔsreʔ |
| 柴 | *zreː |
| 祡 | *zreː |
| 茈 | *zreː, *ʔseʔ, *ze |
| 眦 | *zreːs |
| 砦 | *zraːds |
| 寨 | *zraːds, *slɯːɡ |
| 啙 | *ʔseː, *zeːʔ, *ʔseʔ |
| 泚 | *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ |
| 玼 | *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ze |
| 皉 | *sʰeːʔ |
| 鮆 | *zeːʔ, *ʔse |
| 眥 | *zeːs, *zes |
| 貲 | *ʔse |
| 髭 | *ʔse |
| 頾 | *ʔse |
| 訾 | *ʔse, *ʔseʔ |
| 鴜 | *ʔse, *ze |
| 鈭 | *ʔse, *sʰe |
| 姕 | *ʔse, *sʰe, *ze |
| 觜 | *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ |
| 紫 | *ʔseʔ |
| 訿 | *ʔseʔ |
| 呰 | *ʔseʔ |
| 嘴 | *ʔseʔ |
| 雌 | *sʰe |
| 此 | *sʰeʔ |
| 佌 | *sʰeʔ, *seʔ |
| 庛 | *sʰes |
| 疵 | *ze |
| 骴 | *ze, *zes |
| 胔 | *ze, *zes |
| 飺 | *ze |
| 齜 | *ʔsre |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zǐ (zi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǐh
*** Wade–Giles: tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyy
*** Palladius: цзы (czy)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^2$
*** Yale: jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsjeX
Rime :
| Character | 呰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 將此切 |
| Baxter | tsjeX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡siᴇ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɛ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sjɛ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡siə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sie$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sǐe$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sie̯$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔseʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 呰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1718 |
| Phonetic component | 此 |
| Rime group | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 紫 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔseʔ/ |

#### Definitions

呰
* (literary) to badmouth; to criticize; to slander
* (literary) weak

#### Compounds

* 呰敗／呰败
* 呰窳
* 啤呰

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cī (ci$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cī
*** Zhuyin: ㄘ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cih
*** Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ$^1$
*** Yale: tsz̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsy
*** Palladius: цы (cy)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

呰
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 疵 (cī, “illness”)
* (obsolete) Synonym of 齜／龇 (zī, “to bare (one's teeth)”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jī (ji$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jī
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ji
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^1$
*** Yale: jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

呰
* (obsolete) this

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xì, suò (xi$^4$, suo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˋ, ㄙㄨㄛˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xì
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sì
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^4$
*** Yale: syì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: suò
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: suò
*** Wade–Giles: so$^4$
*** Yale: swò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suoh
*** Palladius: со (so)
*** Sinological IPA : /su̯ɔ⁵¹/

#### Definitions

呰
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 些 (suò, modal particle)

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiah
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiah
*** Tâi-lô: tsiah
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciaq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siaʔ³²/

#### Definitions

呰
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 遮 (chiah, “this; so; such”)
** 1995, 賴漢深, “大安溪合大甲溪的故事”, in 胡萬川, 黃晴文, editors, 《大甲鎮閩南語故事集（一）》, Taichung: 台中縣立文化中心, →ISBN, page 8:
       Chit-ê tē-lí chiah hó, che ū o͘-pe̍h-chôa ê chit-ê sio kau-la̍p liáu-āu, Tāi-kah ê só͘-chāi ē chhut chit-ê chin-chú. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

### References

* “呰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* zi.tools

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: し (shi)
* Kan-on: し (shi)
* Kun: せめる (semeru)、そしる (soshiru)、きず (kizu)

## Korean
### Hanja

呰 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.