OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 偏癱
## Chinese

* 偏癱

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): piāntān
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄢ ㄊㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pin$^1$ taan$^1$ / pin$^1$ taan$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: piāntān
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄢ ㄊㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: piantan
*** Wade–Giles: pʻien$^1$-tʻan$^1$
*** Yale: pyān-tān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: piantan
*** Palladius: пяньтань (pjanʹtanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pin$^1$ taan$^1$ / pin$^1$ taan$^2$
*** Yale: pīn tāan / pīn táan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pin$^1$ taan$^1$ / pin$^1$ taan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pin$^1$ tan$^1$ / pin$^1$ tan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰaːn⁵⁵/, /pʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$偏癱／偏瘫 偏袒

### Noun

偏癱
* (pathology) hemiplegia; paralysis of one side of the body

#### Synonyms

* 半身不遂 (bànshēn bùsuí)

### Verb

偏癱
* (pathology) to be or become hemiplegic
# 傾訴
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīngsù
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥ ㄙㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): king$^1$ sou$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kheng-sò͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīngsù
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ ㄙㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cingsù
*** Wade–Giles: chʻing$^1$-su$^4$
*** Yale: chīng-sù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chingsuh
*** Palladius: цинсу (cinsu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ su⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: king$^1$ sou$^3$
*** Yale: kīng sou
*** Cantonese Pinyin: king$^1$ sou$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: king$^1$ sou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɪŋ⁵⁵ sou̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kheng-sò͘
*** Tâi-lô: khing-sòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qengsox
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɪŋ³³ sɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

### Verb

傾訴
* to pour out (one's misfortunes)

#### Synonyms

* 傾吐／倾吐 (qīngtǔ)
* 宣洩／宣泄 (xuānxiè)
* 抒發／抒发 (shūfā)
* 發洩／发泄 (fāxiè)
* 言心 (yánxīn) (literary)
* 陶洩／陶泄 (táoxiè) (literary)
* 鳴／鸣 (míng) (literary, or in compounds)
# 傾酒
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Eastern Min (BUC): kìng-*ciēu
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kìng-*ciēu
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiŋ⁵³⁻³³ t͡sieu³³/

### Verb

傾酒
* (Eastern Min) to pour an alcoholic beverage

#### Synonyms

* 倒酒 (dàojiǔ)
* (literary) 斟酒 (zhēnjiǔ)
* (Gan, Hakka, Xiang) 篩酒／筛酒
* (Jin) 滿酒／满酒
* (Teochew) 釃酒／酾酒
# 債務上限
## Chinese

| | | debt | upper limit; maximum |
| trad. (債務上限) | trad. (債務上限) | 債務 | 上限 |
| simp. (债务上限) | simp. (债务上限) | 债务 | 上限 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhàiwù shàngxiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄞˋ ㄨˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhàiwù shàngxiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄞˋ ㄨˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhàiwù shàngsiàn
*** Wade–Giles: chai$^4$-wu$^4$ shang$^4$-hsien$^4$
*** Yale: jài-wù shàng-syàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaywuh shanqshiann
*** Palladius: чжайу шансянь (čžaju šansjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

### Noun

債務上限
* (politics, economics) debt ceiling
# 債仔
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaai$^3$ zai$^2$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaai$^3$ zai$^2$
*** Yale: jaai jái
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai$^3$ dzai$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zai$^3$ zei$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːi̯³³ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

### Noun

債仔
* (Cantonese) debtor; indebted person

#### Synonyms

* 債務人／债务人 (zhàiwùrén)
* 借方 (jièfāng)
# 作穑的
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 作穑的 – see 作穡的 (“farmer”). (This term is the simplified form of 作穡的).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 儿马
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 儿马 – see 兒馬 (“male horse; stallion”). (This term is the simplified form of 兒馬).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 債權人
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhàiquánrén
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄞˋ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄖㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaai$^3$ kyun$^4$ jan$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chè-khoân-jîn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhàiquánrén
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄞˋ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhàicyuánrén
*** Wade–Giles: chai$^4$-chʻüan$^2$-jên$^2$
*** Yale: jài-chywán-rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaychyuanren
*** Palladius: чжайцюаньжэнь (čžajcjuanʹžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʐən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaai$^3$ kyun$^4$ jan$^4$
*** Yale: jaai kyùhn yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai$^3$ kyn$^4$ jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zai$^3$ kün$^4$ yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːi̯³³ kʰyːn²¹ jɐn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè-khoân-jîn
*** Tâi-lô: tsè-khuân-jîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zea'qoanjiin
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ kʰuan²⁴⁻²² d͡zin²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰuan²⁴⁻²² d͡zin²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ kʰuan¹³⁻²² d͡zin¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ d͡zin²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰuan²³⁻³³ zin²³/

### Noun

債權人
* (law) creditor
# 冥加
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 冥 | 加 |
| みょう Grade: S | か > が Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みょーが [myóꜜògà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [mʲo̞ːɡa̠]

### Noun

冥(みょう)加(が) • (myōga)
* divine protection
* a blessing, something fortuitous

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 像冊
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siǒng-chheh / siōng-chheh / siōng-chheeh
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siǒng-chheh
*** Tâi-lô: siǒng-tsheh
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ²² t͡sʰeʔ⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng-chheh
*** Tâi-lô: siōng-tsheh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioxngzheq
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰeʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng-chheeh
*** Tâi-lô: siōng-tsheeh
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰɛʔ³²/

### Noun

像冊
* (Southern Min) photo album

#### Synonyms

* 影集 (yǐngjí)
* (Hokkien) 像簿, 影簿, 影冊／影册
# 公顷
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 公顷 – see 公頃 (“hectare; ha”). (This term is the simplified form of 公頃).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 喧阗
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 喧阗 – see 喧闐 (“noisy; loud; boisterous”). (This term is the simplified form of 喧闐).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# ເຮັບເຣີ
## Lao
### Etymology

From French hébreu.

### Pronunciation

* (Vientiane) IPA: [hep̚˧.lɤː˧˥]
* (Luang Prabang) IPA: [hep̚˧˨.lɤː˩˨]
* Hyphenation: ເຮັບ-ເລີ
* Rhymes: -ɤː

### Noun

ເຮັບເຣີ • (hep rœ̄)
* (ຄົນ~, ຊາວ~) Hebrew

### Proper noun

ເຮັບເຣີ • (hep rœ̄)
* (ພາສາ~) Hebrew
# 电势
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 电势 – see 電勢 (“electric potential”). (This term is the simplified form of 電勢).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# αντιδραστήρας
## Greek
### Noun

αντιδραστήρας • (antidrastíras) m (plural αντιδραστήρες)
* (chemistry, etc) reactor

#### Declension

| | singular | plural |
| nominative | αντιδραστήρας • | αντιδραστήρες • |
| genitive | αντιδραστήρα • | αντιδραστήρων • |
| accusative | αντιδραστήρα • | αντιδραστήρες • |
| vocative | αντιδραστήρα • | αντιδραστήρες • |

#### Related terms

* see: αντίδραση f (antídrasi, “reaction”)
# sobredemanden
## Spanish
### Verb

sobredemanden
* inflection of sobredemandar:
** third-person plural present subjunctive
** third-person plural imperative
# jukminum
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /d͡ʒukˈminum/ [d͡ʒuk̚ˈmi.nʊm]
* Rhymes: -inum
* Syllabification: juk‧mi‧num

### Noun

jukminum (plural jukminum-jukminum, first-person possessive jukminumku, second-person possessive jukminummu, third-person possessive jukminumnya)
* (government) Acronym of petunjuk administrasi umum (“general administration guide”).
# łyżwom
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwɘʐvɔm/
* Rhymes: -ɘʐvɔm
* Syllabification: ły‧żwom

### Noun

łyżwom f
* dative plural of łyżwa
# 喧嚷
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xuānrǎng
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄢ ㄖㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hyun$^1$ joeng$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): soan-lióng / soan-jiáng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuānrǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢ ㄖㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuanrǎng
*** Wade–Giles: hsüan$^1$-jang$^3$
*** Yale: sywān-rǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuanraang
*** Palladius: сюаньжан (sjuanʹžan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hyun$^1$ joeng$^6$
*** Yale: hyūn yeuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hyn$^1$ joeng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hün$^1$ yêng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hyːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soan-lióng
*** Tâi-lô: suan-lióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soanliorng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suan³³ liɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /suan⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soan-jiáng
*** Tâi-lô: suan-jiáng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soanjiarng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /suan⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziaŋ⁵³/

### Verb

喧嚷
* to clamor; to make an uproar; to make a racket

#### Synonyms

* 喧鬧 (xuānnào)
* 喧囂 (xuānxiāo)

### Noun

喧嚷
* hubbub; din
# 后增
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 后增 – see 後層 (“molar; wisdom tooth”). (This term is the simplified form of 後增, which is in turn a variant form of 後層).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 后场
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 后场 – see 後場 (“backcourt”). (This term is the simplified form of 後場).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 善財
## Chinese

* 善財

### Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit सुधन (Sudhana).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Shàncái
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ ㄘㄞˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sin$^6$ coi$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Shàncái
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ ㄘㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Shàncái
*** Wade–Giles: Shan$^4$-tsʻai$^2$
*** Yale: Shàn-tsái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shanntsair
*** Palladius: Шаньцай (Šanʹcaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sin$^6$ coi$^4$
*** Yale: sihn chòih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sin$^6$ tsoi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xin$^6$ coi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːn²² t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

### Proper noun

善財
* (Buddhism) Sudhana
# 善财
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 善财 – see 善財 (“Sudhana”). (This term is the simplified form of 善財).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 回請
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huíqǐng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄑㄧㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wui$^4$ ceng$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hôe-chhiáⁿ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huíqǐng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄑㄧㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huéicǐng
*** Wade–Giles: hui$^2$-chʻing$^3$
*** Yale: hwéi-chǐng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hweichiing
*** Palladius: хуэйцин (xuejcin)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wui$^4$ ceng$^2$
*** Yale: wùih chéng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wui$^4$ tseng$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wui$^4$ céng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuːi̯²¹ t͡sʰɛːŋ³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôe-chhiáⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: huê-tshiánn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoechviar
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hue¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiã⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hue²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiã⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hue²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiã⁵⁵⁴/

### Verb

回請
* to return hospitality; to give a return banquet

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 회청(回請) (hoecheong)
# 土坎
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tǔkǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˇ ㄎㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tou$^2$ ham$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tǔkǎn [Phonetic: túkǎn]
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄎㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tǔkǎn
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^3$-kʻan$^3$
*** Yale: tǔ-kǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuukaan
*** Palladius: тукань (tukanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tǔkǎnr [Phonetic: túkǎnr]
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄎㄢˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tǔkǎnr
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^3$-kʻan$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: tǔ-kǎnr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuukaal
*** Palladius: туканьр (tukanʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tou$^2$ ham$^2$
*** Yale: tóu hám
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tou$^2$ ham$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tou$^2$ hem$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰou̯³⁵ hɐm³⁵/

### Noun

土坎
* mound

#### Synonyms

* 土墩 (tǔdūn)
# 困窮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kùnqióng
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄑㄩㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan$^3$ kung$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khun-khiùng
* Eastern Min (BUC): káung-*gṳ̀ng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kùnqióng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄑㄩㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kùncyóng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻun$^4$-chʻiung$^2$
*** Yale: kwùn-chyúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuennchyong
*** Palladius: куньцюн (kunʹcjun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯ən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwan$^3$ kung$^4$
*** Yale: kwan kùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwan$^3$ kung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kuen$^3$ kung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰɐn³³ kʰʊŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khun-khiùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: kun kiung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kun$^4$ kiung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰun⁵⁵ kʰi̯uŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: káung-*gṳ̀ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰouŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kyŋ⁵³/

### Adjective

困窮
* impoverished; destitute; poverty-stricken

#### Synonyms

* 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
* 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
* 困苦 (kùnkǔ)
* 困難／困难
* 困頓／困顿 (kùndùn)
* 宋凶 (Hokkien)
* 散 (Hokkien)
* 散凶 (Hokkien)
* 散赤 (Hokkien)
* 清苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
* 淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
* 清貧／清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
* 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
* 磽／硗 (Teochew)
* 䆀康 (Hokkien)
* 空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
* 窄
* 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
* 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
* 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
* 窮／穷 (qióng)
* 窮乏／穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)
* 窮困／穷困 (qióngkùn)
* 窮㾪／穷㾪 (Hokkien)
* 窮苦／穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
* 窮赤／穷赤 (Hokkien)
* 艱苦／艰苦 (Hokkien)
* 苦寒 (kǔhán)
* 貧乏／贫乏 (pínfá)
* 貧困／贫困 (pínkùn)
* 貧寒／贫寒 (pínhán)
* 貧瘠／贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
* 貧窮／贫穷 (pínqióng)
* 貧苦／贫苦 (pínkǔ)

#### Antonyms

* 富裕 (fùyù)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 困 | 窮 |
| こん Grade: 6 | きゅう Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こんきゅう [kòńkyúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kõ̞ŋʲkʲɨː]

### Noun

困(こん)窮(きゅう) • (konkyū)
* poverty, destitution
* having great difficulty with, struggling, being in distress

### Verb

困(こん)窮(きゅう)する • (konkyū suru) suru (stem 困(こん)窮(きゅう)し (konkyū shi), past 困(こん)窮(きゅう)した (konkyū shita))
* to be poor, to be in need

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 呵呵
## Chinese
### Etymology

Onomatopoeic. Compare English haha. Partly replaced by modern 哈哈 (hāhā) due to sound shift 呵 (MC xa) > 呵 (hē).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hēhē
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜ ㄏㄜ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ho$^1$ ho$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hēhē
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜ ㄏㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hehe
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^1$-ho$^1$
*** Yale: hē-hē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hehe
*** Palladius: хэхэ (xɛxɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ⁵⁵ xɤ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ho$^1$ ho$^1$
*** Yale: hō hō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ho$^1$ ho$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ho$^1$ ho$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔː⁵⁵ hɔː⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: xa xa
Rime :
| Character | 呵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 虎何切 |
| Baxter | xa |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ha/ |
| Li Rong | /xɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /xɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hē |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ho$^1$ |

### Interjection

呵呵
* (onomatopoeia) sound of laughter
    From: c. late 11th century, Su Shi (蘇軾), Letter to Xianyu Zijun (《與鮮于子駿》)
    Jìn zuò xiǎocí, suīwú Liǔ Qīláng fēngwèi, yì zìshì yījiā. Hēhē! [Pinyin]
    Recently I wrote some little ci poems. Though hardly comparable to Mister Liu's style, they're in my own character. Haha!
* (onomatopoeia, ironic) sound of derisive or perfunctory laughter
    呵呵，你不行。 ― Hēhē, nǐ bùxíng. ― Heh, you aren't up to it.

#### Derived terms

* 呵呵噠／呵呵哒 (hēhēdā)
* 呵呵大笑 (hēhē dàxiào)
* 樂呵呵／乐呵呵
* 笑呵呵 (xiàohēhē)

### Suffix

呵呵
* an expressive suffix for adjectives

#### Derived terms

* 傻呵呵 (shǎhēhē)
* 冷呵呵
* 怔呵呵
* 樂呵呵／乐呵呵
* 胖呵呵

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 呵 | 呵 |
| か Hyōgai | か Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 呵々

### Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 呵呵 (MC xa xa).
First cited to a text from roughly 900 CE.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かか [káꜜkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠ka̠]

### Adverb

呵(か)呵(か) • (kaka)
* (literary) laughingly
    Synonyms: あはは (ahaha), からから (karakara)

#### Derived terms

* 呵(か)呵(か)然(ぜん) (kakazen, “laughing”, adjective)
* 呵(か)呵(か)大(たい)笑(しょう) (kaka taishō, “a belly laugh, a guffaw”, noun)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 在り明け
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 在 | 明 |
| あ Grade: 5 | あ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 在り明け – see the following entry. :
| 【有明ありあけ】 | [noun] the dawn, especially on the sixteenth day of the lunar month onwards [noun] Short for 有明の月 (ariake no tsuki) the moon still in the sky on the ariake or hours from around dawn to early sunrise [noun] Short for 有明行灯 (ariake andon): a boxlike paper lantern used for walking at around night to dawn [noun] a bittersweet 真那賀 (manaka)-class of incense and one of the sixty-one famous named incense varieties [noun] (archaic women's speech) Synonym of 浅葱 (asatsuki): the chive, Allium schoenoprasum [noun] (colloquial) Short for 有明桜 (ariake-zakura): a 里桜 (satozakura) cultivar Alternative spellings 有り明け, 在明 |
(This term, 在り明け, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# 在り
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of 在り – see the following entry. :
| 【有あり】 | [noun] nominalization of 有る (aru): there is, available [noun] (colloquial) OK, acceptable [verb] stem or continuative conjugation of 有る (aru) [verb] Classical Japanese form of 有る (aru): to be, to exist Alternative spellings 有, 在 |
(This term, 在り, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# 在り処
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 在 | 処 |
| あ Grade: 5 | か Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 在り處 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 在り処 – see the following entry. :
| 【ありか】 | [noun] [from early 900s] place where someone or something is, location, whereabouts Alternative spellings 在りか, 在り所, 在処, 在所 |
(This term, 在り処, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# 坐鎮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zuòzhèn
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄓㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zo$^6$ zan$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chěr-tìn / chō-tìn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zuòzhèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄓㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zuòjhèn
*** Wade–Giles: tso$^4$-chên$^4$
*** Yale: dzwò-jèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuohjenn
*** Palladius: цзочжэнь (czočžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zo$^6$ zan$^3$
*** Yale: joh jan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzo$^6$ dzan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zo$^6$ zen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔː²² t͡sɐn³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chěr-tìn
*** Tâi-lô: tsěr-tìn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sə²² tin⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō-tìn
*** Tâi-lô: tsō-tìn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoixdixn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡so²²⁻²¹ tin²¹/

### Verb

坐鎮
* (of a leader) to personally guard a place one is stationed in (with troops); to assume personal command on the spot
# 嘴严
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 嘴严 – see 嘴嚴 (“tight-lipped; closemouthed”). (This term is the simplified form of 嘴嚴).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 嘴唇皮
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 嘴唇皮 – see 嘴脣皮 (“lip”). (This term is the simplified and variant traditional form of 嘴脣皮).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 公關
## Chinese
### Etymology

Short for 公共關係／公共关系 (gōnggòng guānxì).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōngguān
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^1$ gwaan$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kong-koan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngguān
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongguan
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-kuan$^1$
*** Yale: gūng-gwān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongguan
*** Palladius: гунгуань (gunguanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$公關／公关 攻關／攻关
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$ gwaan$^1$
*** Yale: gūng gwāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$ gwaan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$ guan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$公關／公关 攻關／攻关
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-koan
*** Tâi-lô: kong-kuan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kongkoafn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ kuan³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/

### Noun

公關
* public relations; PR

#### Synonyms

* (Hong Kong, humorous) 關公／关公

#### Derived terms

* 公關小姐／公关小姐 (gōngguān xiǎojiě)

### Verb

公關
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    From: 2021 January 22, 《守护民生》, in 《正风反腐就在身边》, episode 2, China Central Television, 26:27 from the start
    Lì'àn guān zhīhòu shì shěnpàn guān, Lǐ Qiáozhōng fūfù zìrán jiēxiàlái jiù bǎ shěnpàn jiāndūtíng tíngcháng Liáng Zǐ'ān zuòwéi zhòngdiǎn gōngguān de duìxiàng, xiàng tā xínghuì shí yú wàn yuán. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
# 内测
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 内测 – see 內測 (“to subject to alpha testing”). (This term is the simplified form of 內測).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.