# 大怒
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dànù
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄋㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daai$^6$ nou$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dànù
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄋㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dànù
*** Wade–Giles: ta$^4$-nu$^4$
*** Yale: dà-nù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dahnuh
*** Palladius: дану (danu)
*** Sinological IPA : /tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ nu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daai$^6$ nou$^6$
*** Yale: daaih nouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daai$^6$ nou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dai$^6$ nou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːi̯²² nou̯²²/
* Middle Chinese: dajH|daH nuX|nuH
Rime :
| Character | 大 | 大 | 怒 | 怒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 定 (7) | 泥 (8) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (25) | 歌 (94) | 模 (23) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 徒蓋切 | 唐佐切 | 奴古切 | 乃故切 |
| Baxter | dajH | daH | nuX | nuH |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /nuo$^X$/ | /nuo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /nuo$^X$/ | /nuo$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /no$^X$/ | /no$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daj$^H$/ | /da$^H$/ | /nɔ$^X$/ | /nɔ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /no$^X$/ | /no$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /nu$^X$/ | /nu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱɑi$^H$/ | /dʱɑ$^H$/ | /nuo$^X$/ | /nuo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dài | duò | nǔ | nù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daai$^6$ | do$^6$ | nou$^5$ | nou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤat-s|lˤa[t]-s C.nˤaʔ|C.nˤaʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*daːds naːʔ|naːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 大 | 大 | 怒 | 怒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dà | dà | nù | nù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ da$^H$ › | ‹ daj$^H$ › | ‹ nu$^X$ › | ‹ nu$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁat-s/ (MC F!) | /*lˁa[t]-s/ | /*C.nˁaʔ/ | /*C.nˁaʔ-s/ |
| English | big | big | angry | anger, angry; vigorous |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 大 | 大 | 怒 | 怒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1934 | 1939 | 9608 | 9610 |
| Phonetic component | 大 | 大 | 女 | 女 |
| Rime group | 祭 | 祭 | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 䭾 | 大 | 怒 | 笯 |
| Old Chinese | /*daːds/ | /*daːds/ | /*naːʔ/ | /*naːs/ |

### Verb

大怒
* to burst into anger; to be indignant
    From: Records of the Grand Historian, Volume 7 (7th Annals): Annals of Xiang Yu by Sima Qian, 206 BCE – 9 CE
    Xiàng Yǔ dànù, yuē: “Dànrì xiǎng shìzú, wèi jīpò Pèi gōng jūn!” [Pinyin]
    Xiang Yu broke out in a rage, and said: "Tomorrow, prepare drink and food and reward my soldiers with them well. Defeat the Duke of Pei's army for me!"

#### Synonyms

* 上火 (shànghuǒ) (dialectal Mandarin)
* 使性地 (sái-sìng-tē) (Hokkien)
* 使性子 (shǐ xìngzi)
* 使氣／使气 (shǐqì)
* 使癖 (Hokkien)
* 使頸／使颈 (sai$^2$ geng$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 冒煙／冒烟 (màoyān) (colloquial)
* 動怒／动怒 (dòngnù)
* 受氣／受气 (siū-khì) (Hokkien)
* 嗔怒 (chēnnù)
* 奭 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 威怒 (wēinù) (literary)
* 尥蹶子 (liàojuězi)
* 𡳞火 (Hokkien, vulgar)
* 弄性子 (nòng xìngzi) (colloquial)
* 忿懥 (fènzhì) (literary)
* 怒 (nù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 急 (jí)
* 急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
* 惱怒／恼怒 (nǎonù)
* 惹氣／惹气 (rěqì)
* 惱火／恼火 (nǎohuǒ)
* 戳火 (cuah$^4$ hue$^2$) (Jin)
* 掛氣／挂气 (guàqì) (dialectal)
* 暴怒 (bàonù) (to explode in anger)
* 有氣／有气 (yǒuqì)
* 氣／气
* 氣惱／气恼 (qìnǎo)
* 火大 (huǒdà)
* 火癀 (Hokkien)
* 燒色／烧色 (chiáu-să̤) (Northern Min)
* 爆氣／爆气
* 犯脾氣／犯脾气 (fàn píqi) (colloquial)
* 狂怒 (kuángnù) (to explode in anger)
* 生氣／生气 (shēngqì)
* 癀發／癀发 (Hokkien)
* 發呴／发呴 ($^7$faq $^1$heu) (Wu)
* 發性地／发性地 (Hokkien)
* 發火／发火 (fāhuǒ)
* 發癀／发癀 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 發老脾／发老脾 (faat$^3$ lou$^5$ pei$^{4-2}$) (Cantonese)
* 發脾四／发脾四 (faat$^3$ pei$^4$ sei$^3$) (Cantonese)
* 發脾氣／发脾气 (fā píqi)
* 發臉／发脸 (Hokkien)
* 發輦／发辇 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 發飆／发飙 (fābiāo) (colloquial)
* 盛怒 (shèngnù)
* 瞋恚 (chēnhuì) (Classical Chinese)
* 耍態度／耍态度 (shuǎ tàidù) (colloquial)
* 耍脾氣／耍脾气 (shuǎ píqi)
* 苦氣／苦气 (Hokkien)
* 見氣／见气 (Yangzhou Mandarin, Pingxiang Gan, Huizhou, Pingxiang Gan, Wu, Pingxiang Gan, Xiang, Pingxiang Gan)
* 起性 (Hokkien)
* 起性地 (Hokkien)
* 起火
* 起花光 (kī-huă-guŏng) (Eastern Min)
* 震怒 (zhènnù)
* 鬧脾氣／闹脾气 (nào píqi)

#### Derived terms

* 勃然大怒 (bórándànù)
* 咆哮大怒 (páoxiāo dànù)

### References

* “項羽本紀 [Annals of Xiang Yu]”, in Chinese Text Project‎ (in Chinese) (wiki), 2013 May 13, retrieved January 7, 2024
* “項羽本紀 [Annals of Xiang Yu]”, in Baidu Baike [Baidu Encyclopedia] (in Chinese) (wiki), 2022 October 2, retrieved January 7, 2024