# 凡夫
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fánfū
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˊ ㄈㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faan$^4$ fu$^1$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): huam$^5$ hu$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fánfū
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ ㄈㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fánfu
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^2$-fu$^1$
*** Yale: fán-fū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farnfu
*** Palladius: фаньфу (fanʹfu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän³⁵ fu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faan$^4$ fu$^1$
*** Yale: fàahn fū
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faan$^4$ fu$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fan$^4$ fu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːn²¹ fuː⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huam$^5$ hu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâm hu
*** Sinological IPA : /huam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/
* Middle Chinese: bjom pju
Rime :
| Character | 凡 | 夫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 凡 (146) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 符咸切 | 甫無切 |
| Baxter | bjom | pju |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨɐm/ | /pɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biɐm/ | /pio/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biɐm/ | /pio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buam/ | /puə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /biɐm/ | /pio/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭwɐm/ | /pĭu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱi̯wɐm/ | /pi̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fán | fū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faan$^4$ | fu$^1$ |

### Noun

凡夫
* (literary) ordinary person; mortal person
    From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16th century CE
    Zìgǔ dào: “Qiǎn tàishān qīng rú jièzǐ, xié fánfū nán tuō hóngchén.” [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (Buddhism) unenlightened person

#### Synonyms

* (ordinary person):
* 一般人 (yībānrén)
* 世人 (shìrén)
* 世間人／世间人 (Hokkien)
* 人士 (rénshì) (literary)
* 人民 (rénmín)
* 人群 (rénqún)
* 人萌 (rénméng) (literary)
* 俗人 (súrén)
* 俗子 (súzǐ) (literary)
* 𫣆人 (Hakka)
* 兆民 (zhàomín) (archaic)
* 公眾／公众 (gōngzhòng)
* 凡人 (fánrén)
* 匹夫 (pǐfū) (literary)
* 四眾人／四众人 (si$^3$ zing$^3$ nang$^5$) (Teochew)
* 士人 (shìrén) (archaic)
* 大眾／大众 (dàzhòng)
* 子民 (zǐmín) (historical)
* 家人 (jiārén) (archaic)
* 布衣 (bùyī) (historical)
* 常人 (chángrén)
* 平人 (píngrén) (literary)
* 平常人 (píngchángrén)
* 平民 (píngmín)
* 庶人 (shùrén) (literary)
* 庶民 (shùmín) (literary)
* 斯人 (sīrén) (Classical Chinese)
* 普通人 (pǔtōngrén)
* 民人 (mínrén) (literary)
* 民眾／民众 (mínzhòng)
* 烝民 (zhēngmín) (literary)
* 烝黎 (zhēnglí) (Classical Chinese)
* 白衣 (báiyī) (historical)
* 白衣人 (báiyīrén) (historical)
* 白身 (báishēn) (archaic)
* 白身人 (báishēnrén) (archaic)
* 百姓
* 眾人／众人 (zhòngrén) (literary)
* 萬姓／万姓 (wànxìng) (archaic)
* 群眾／群众 (qúnzhòng)
* 老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng)
* 良人 (liángrén) (literary)
* 草民 (cǎomín) (the worthless ordinary people)
* 草菅 (cǎojiān) (Classical Chinese, figurative)
* 草野 (cǎoyě) (literary, figurative)
* 萌 (literary)
* 野人 (yěrén) (archaic)
* 黎庶 (líshù) (literary)
* 黎民 (límín) (literary)
* 黎首 (líshǒu) (archaic)
* 黔首 (qiánshǒu) (archaic)
* 黔黎 (archaic)

#### Derived terms

* 凡夫俗子 (fánfūsúzǐ)
* 凡夫性
* 肉眼凡夫

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 凡(ぼん)夫(ぷ) (bonpu)
* → Korean: 범부(凡夫) (beombu)
* → Vietnamese: phàm phu (凡夫)

### Further reading

* Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “凡夫” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 凡 | 夫 |
| ぼん Grade: S | ふ > ぷ Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

Probably from Middle Chinese 凡夫 (MC bjom pju, literally “ordinary, common; worldly, mortal + man, person, fellow”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぼんぷ [bóꜜǹpù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [bõ̞mpɯ̟]

### Noun

凡(ぼん)夫(ぷ) • (bonpu)
* ordinary person; mortal person
* (Buddhism) unenlightened person

#### Usage notes

May be found in some dialects or historical contexts with the reading bonbu.

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 凡 | 夫 |

### Noun

凡夫 • (beombu) (hangeul 범부)
* hanja form of 범부 (“ordinary person, mortal person; (Buddhism) an unenlightened person”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 凡 | 夫 |

### Noun

凡夫
* chữ Hán form of phàm phu (“ordinary person, mortal person; (Buddhism) an unenlightened person”).