# 細膩
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xìnì
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˋ ㄋㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sai$^3$ nei$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sá̤-nê
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sòe-lī / sè-jī / sè-lī / sòe-jī
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xìnì
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ ㄋㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìnì
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^4$-ni$^4$
*** Yale: syì-nì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shihnih
*** Palladius: сини (sini)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sai$^3$ nei$^6$
*** Yale: sai neih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sai$^3$ nei$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sei$^3$ néi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐi̯³³ nei̯²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sá̤-nê
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɛi²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Philippines, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sòe-lī
*** Tâi-lô: suè-lī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soeali
*** IPA (Taipei): /sue¹¹⁻⁵³ li³³/
*** IPA (Singapore): /sue²¹⁻⁴² li²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sue²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sè-jī
*** Tâi-lô: sè-jī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: seaji
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /se²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zi²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /se²¹⁻⁴¹ zi³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Singapore, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sè-lī
*** Tâi-lô: sè-lī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: seali
*** IPA (Singapore): /se²¹⁻⁴² li²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /se¹¹⁻⁵³ li³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /se²¹⁻⁴¹ li³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /se²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/
** (Hokkien: dated in Xiamen, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sòe-jī
*** Tâi-lô: suè-jī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soeaji
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sue²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zi²²/
*** IPA (Singapore): /sue²¹⁻⁴² d͡zi²²/
* Xiamen, Quanzhou:
** sòe-lī - colloquial;
** sè-lī - literary.
* Middle Chinese: sejH nrijH
Rime :
| Character | 細 | 膩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 脂 (17) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 蘇計切 | 女利切 |
| Baxter | sejH | nrijH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sei$^H$/ | /ɳˠiɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sei$^H$/ | /ɳᵚi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɛi$^H$/ | /niɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɛj$^H$/ | /ɳji$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /sei$^H$/ | /nji$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /siei$^H$/ | /ni$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /siei$^H$/ | /ni$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xì | nì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sai$^3$ | nei$^6$ |

### Adjective

細膩
* (of writing, speech, etc.) exquisite; fine
* (of texture) smooth; fine
* (Min) careful; cautious
       chók-muòng duŏh sá̤-nê / [t͡sʰuʔ²⁴⁻²¹ muoŋ⁵³ tuoʔ⁵ sɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɛi²⁴²] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
       Be careful when you are outside.
* (Min) courteous; polite
       mŏ̤h-sá̤-nê / [moʔ⁵⁻²¹ $^{(s-)}$lɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɛi²⁴²] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
       Don't be too polite. / Make yourself at home.

#### Synonyms

* (exquisite):
* 健全 (jiànquán)
* 完善 (wánshàn)
* 完美 (wánměi)
* 工巧 (gōngqiǎo)
* 工致 (gōngzhì)
* 幼路 (Hokkien)
* 精妙 (jīngmiào)
* 精工 (jīnggōng)
* 精巧 (jīngqiǎo)
* 精彩 (jīngcǎi)
* 精細／精细 (jīngxì)
* 精緻／精致 (jīngzhì)
* 精美 (jīngměi)
* 精良 (jīngliáng)
* 細緻／细致 (xìzhì)
* 考究 (kǎojiu)
* (smooth):
* 光溜 (guāngliu) (colloquial)
* 光滑 (guānghuá)
* 平滑 (pínghuá)
* 溜 (literary, or in compounds)
* 滑
* 滑溜溜 (huáliūliū) (ideophonic)
* 滑潤／滑润 (huárùn)
* 𨤡／𬪺 (guang$^4$) (Sichuanese)
* (careful):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 小心 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 小心 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 小心 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 小心 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 小心 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 小心 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 小心 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 小心 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 小心 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 小心 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 細義 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 細義 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 細義 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 細義 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 細義 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 細義 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 細膩, 小心 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 細膩, 小心 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 細膩, 小心 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 小心 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 小心 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 細心 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 細心 |
* 不苟 (bùgǒu) (formal)
* 仔細／仔细 (zǐxì)
* 嚴／严 (yán)
* 嚴肅／严肃 (yánsù)
* 嚴謹／严谨 (yánjǐn)
* 墘角 (gièng-gáe̤k) (Eastern Min)
* 密切 (mìqiè)
* 審慎／审慎 (shěnshèn) (formal)
* 小心 (xiǎoxīn)
* 慎密 (shènmì)
* 慎重 (shènzhòng)
* 慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
* 板正 (bǎnzhèng)
* 正經／正经
* 當心／当心 (dāngxīn)
* 精心 (jīngxīn)
* 精細／精细 (jīngxì)
* 細心／细心 (xìxīn)
* 認真／认真 (rènzhēn)
* 謹嚴／谨严 (jǐnyán)
* 謹慎／谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
* 較真／较真 (jiàozhēn) (colloquial)
* 過細／过细 (guòxì)
* 鞠躬 (jūgōng) (literary)
* (courteous): 客氣／客气 (kèqi)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “exquisite”):
* 缺 (quē)

#### Derived terms

* 枵鬼假細膩／枵鬼假细腻 (iau-kúi ké sè-jī)
* 細膩無蝕本／细腻无蚀本

### Further reading

* “Entry #7797”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.