OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# սիրեմ
## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Denominal verb of սէր (sēr, “love”).

### Verb

սիրեմ • (sirem) (aorist indicative սիրեցի)
* (transitive) to love, to be fond of, to have an affection or a liking for, to cherish, to like, to be pleased, to take pleasure or delight in, to delight in
    խանդակաթ սիրել ― xandakatʻ sirel ― to love tenderly
    տարփանօք սիրել ― tarpʻanōkʻ sirel ― to love passionately or dotingly
    սաստիկ սիրել ― sastik sirel ― to love to distraction
    բոլորով սրտիւ/յամենայն սրտէ սիրել ― bolorov srtiw/yamenayn srtē sirel ― to love with all one's heart
    ոգւով չափ սիրել ― ogwov čʻapʻ sirel ― to love with all one's soul
    ի վեր քան զամենայն սիրել ― i ver kʻan zamenayn sirel ― to love above all
    անկեղծ սիրով սիրել ― ankełc sirov sirel ― to love sincerely
    խանդակաթ սիրել ― xandakatʻ sirel ― to love tenderly
    խանդակաթ սիրել ― xandakatʻ sirel ― to love tenderly
    սիրել զմիմեանս ― sirel zmimeans ― to love one another, to be fond of each other
    ըստ անձին սիրել ― əst anjin sirel ― to love as oneself
    սիրել իբրեւ զբիբ ական ― sirel ibrew zbib akan ― to love as the apple of one's eye
    սիրել մինչեւ զշունչ վախճանին ― sirel minčʻew zšunčʻ vaxčanin ― to love to one's last breath
    զմի սէրսիրել ― zmi sērsirel ― to love with equal affection
* (mediopassive, intransitive) to be loved

#### Descendants

* Armenian: սիրել (sirel)

### References

* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “սիրեմ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “սիրեմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 57
# הולל
## Hebrew
### Noun

הוֹלֵל • (holél) m (plural indefinite הוללים, feminine counterpart הוללת)
* A licentious person.
# սունկն
## Old Armenian
### Alternative forms

* սունգն (sungn), սունկ (sunk), սունգ (sung)

### Etymology

Connected with Ancient Greek σπόγγος (spóngos), σφόγγος (sphóngos) and Latin fungus, and together with them probably borrowed from a Mediterranean–Pontic substrate source. Possibly also related to Georgian სოკო (soḳo), Tsez зикӏу (zik’u), Bezhta сакӏо (sakʼo), Moksha панга (panga) and Erzya панго (pango, “mushroom”).

### Noun

սունկն • (sunkn)
* tree-mushroom
* (pathology) mushroom-like abscess

#### Descendants

* Armenian: սունկ (sunk)
** → Zazaki: sûng, sıng

### References

* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “սունկն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 251–252
* ↑ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 586–587

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “սունկ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 732a
* Greppin, John A. C. (2010) “Urartian Sibilants in Armenian”, in Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences‎, volume 4, number 1, page 180b of 179–182
* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “սունկ”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 711b
* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “սունկն”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 711b
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “սունկ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 648b
* Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate‎, PhD dissertation, Leiden University, page 83
# սույն
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian սոյն (soyn); see it for more.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /sujn/, [sujn]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /sujn/, [sujn]

### Pronoun

սույն • (suyn)
* (formal) this same
# սուջուխ
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* սուջուղ (suǰuġ), սուճուխ (sučux), սճուղ (sčuġ)

### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish صوجوق (sucuk).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /suˈd͡ʒuχ/, [sud͡ʒúχ]

### Noun

սուջուխ • (suǰux)
* sujuk (a type of sausage)
** ca. 1680–1684, Baṙ girg taliani [An Armenian–Italian Dictionary published in Venice] page 54:սճուղ․ սալաօ․ լուկանիկայsčuġ; salaō; lukanikayսճուղ (sčuġ) = salà, luganega
* sujuk (a type of confection)
    Synonyms: քաղցր սուջուխ (kʻaġcʻr suǰux), շարոց (šarocʻ), չուրչխելա (čʻurčʻxela)

#### Declension

i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian) :
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | սուջուխ (suǰux) | սուջուխներ (suǰuxner) |
| dative | սուջուխի (suǰuxi) | սուջուխների (suǰuxneri) |
| ablative | սուջուխից (suǰuxicʻ) | սուջուխներից (suǰuxnericʻ) |
| instrumental | սուջուխով (suǰuxov) | սուջուխներով (suǰuxnerov) |
| locative | սուջուխում (suǰuxum) | սուջուխներում (suǰuxnerum) |
| | definite forms | definite forms |
| nominative | սուջուխը/սուջուխն (suǰuxə/suǰuxn) | սուջուխները/սուջուխներն (suǰuxnerə/suǰuxnern) |
| dative | սուջուխին (suǰuxin) | սուջուխներին (suǰuxnerin) |
| | 1st person possessive forms (my) | 1st person possessive forms (my) |
| nominative | սուջուխս (suǰuxs) | սուջուխներս (suǰuxners) |
| dative | սուջուխիս (suǰuxis) | սուջուխներիս (suǰuxneris) |
| ablative | սուջուխիցս (suǰuxicʻs) | սուջուխներիցս (suǰuxnericʻs) |
| instrumental | սուջուխովս (suǰuxovs) | սուջուխներովս (suǰuxnerovs) |
| locative | սուջուխումս (suǰuxums) | սուջուխներումս (suǰuxnerums) |
| | 2nd person possessive forms (your) | 2nd person possessive forms (your) |
| nominative | սուջուխդ (suǰuxd) | սուջուխներդ (suǰuxnerd) |
| dative | սուջուխիդ (suǰuxid) | սուջուխներիդ (suǰuxnerid) |
| ablative | սուջուխիցդ (suǰuxicʻd) | սուջուխներիցդ (suǰuxnericʻd) |
| instrumental | սուջուխովդ (suǰuxovd) | սուջուխներովդ (suǰuxnerovd) |
| locative | սուջուխումդ (suǰuxumd) | սուջուխներումդ (suǰuxnerumd) |

### References

* ↑ Orengo, Alessandro (2019) “Il ԲԱՌ ԳԻՐԳ ՏԱԼԻԱՆԻ Un dizionario armeno-italiano del XVII secolo”, in U. Bläsing, J. Dum-Tragut, T.M. van Lint, editors, Armenian, Hittite, and Indo-European Studies: A Commemoration Volume for Jos J.S. Weitenberg (Hebrew University Armenian Studies; 15), Leuven: Peeters, page 242

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1902) “սուճուխ”, in Tʻurkʻerēni azdecʻutʻiwnə hayerēni vray ew tʻurkʻerēnē pʻoxaṙeal baṙerə Pōlsi hay žoġovrdakan lezuin mēǰ hamematutʻeamb Vani, Ġarabaġi ew Nor-Naxiǰewani barbaṙnerun [The influence of Turkish on Armenian, and the Turkish borrowings in the vernacular Armenian of Constantinople in comparison with the dialects of Van, Karabakh and Nor Nakhichevan] (Ēminean azgagrakan žoġovacu; 3) (in Armenian), Moscow and Vagharshapat: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages
* Riggs, Elias (1847) “սուճուխ”, in A Vocabulary of Words Used in Modern Armenian But Not Found in the Ancient Armenian Lexicons, Smyrna: W. Griffitt, page 132
# חד־גדיא
## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Medieval Ashkenazi Aramaic חד גדיא (khád gádya, “one kid”). In the sense of "prison", it is related to Polish koza (“goat”), which is also used for "prison".

### Noun

חד־גדיא • (khadgadye) m
* Chad Gadya
* (slang) can, slammer, prison
# חד צדדי
## Hebrew
### Etymology

From חד־ (khad-) +‎ צדדי (ts'dadí).

### Adjective

חַד צְדָדִי • (khad-ts'dadí) (feminine חד צדדית, masculine plural חד צדדיים, feminine plural חד צדדיות)
* Unilateral, one-sided: having, or representing, a single party or side.
# חרדית
## Hebrew
### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /χaʁɛˈdit/

### Adjective

חֲרֵדִית • (kharedít)
* feminine singular indefinite form of חֲרֵדִי (kharedí).
# חרבונא
## Hebrew
### Proper noun

חַרְבוֹנָא • (ḥarḇōnā)
* Harbonah, a chamberlain of Ahasuerus

#### Alternative forms

* חַרְבוֹנָה
# ցասնուլ
## Old Armenian
### Verb

ցասնուլ • (cʻasnul)
* infinitive of ցասնում (cʻasnum)
# כּוונה
## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Hebrew כַּוָּנָה (kavaná).

### Pronunciation

* (YIVO, Northeastern) IPA: /kaˈvɔnə/
* (Poylish) IPA: /kaˈvuːnə/
* (Ukrainish) IPA: /kɔˈvunə/

### Noun

כּוונה • (kavone) f, plural כּוונות (kavones)
* intention
# כּבֿיכול
## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Hebrew כִּבְיָכוֹל (kiv'yakhól).

### Adverb

כּבֿיכול • (kevyokhl, keviyokhl)
* as it were

### Proper noun

כּבֿיכול • (kevyokhl, keviyokhl) m
* (euphemistic) God
# כיכב
## Hebrew
### Etymology

From כּוֹכָב (kokháv, “star”).

### Verb

כיכב / כִּכֵב • (kikhév) (pi'el construction)
* to star (appear as a featured performer)

#### Conjugation

or
# כימיה
## Hebrew
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek χυμεία (khumeía, “art of alloying metals”). Compare with Arabic كيمياء; the word may have entered Hebrew through Arabic.

### Noun

כִימְיָה • (khímya) f
* (uncountable) chemistry

### Further reading

* כימיה on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
# בני־ישראל
## Hebrew
### Noun

בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל • (b'ne yisraél) m pl
* Alternative spelling of בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
# פּאַעליאַ
## Yiddish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Catalan paella via Russian паэ́лья (paélʹja), ultimately from Latin patella. Very distant doublet of פּאַטעלניע (patelnye).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paˈɛʎa/

### Noun

פּאַעליאַ • (paelya) f
* paella

### References

* Schaechter-Viswanath, Gitl, Glasser, Paul (2016) “paella”, in Comprehensive English-Yiddish Dictionary, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, →ISBN
# מכבים
## Hebrew
### Noun

מַכַּבִּים • (makabím) m
* plural indefinite form of מַכַּבִּי‎

### Proper noun

מַכַּבִּים • (makabím)
* Maccabees

### Verb

מְכַבִּים • (m'chabím)
* Masculine plural present participle and present tense of כיבה / כִּבָּה (kibá)
# געקאָכט
## Yiddish
### Verb

געקאָכט • (gekokht)
* past participle of קאָכן (kokhn)
# סרבית
## Hebrew
### Proper noun

סֶרְבִּית • (sérbit) f
* (uncountable) Serbian (the standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs)

### Further reading

* סרבית on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
# צחקק
## Hebrew
### Verb

צִחְקֵק • (tsikhkék) (pi'el construction)
* to giggle
# פּאָליצע
## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Ukrainian полиця (polycja) and other Slavic languages; compare Bulgarian по́лица (pólica), Macedonian полица (polica), Serbo-Croatian pòlica, Slovene políca, Slovak polica, Czech police, Lower Sorbian pólica as well as the loanwords Romanian poliță and Hungarian polc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔˈʎɪt͡sə/

### Noun

פּאָליצע • (politse) f, plural פּאָליצעס (politses)
* shelf, bookshelf
# פּאָליצעס
## Yiddish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔˈʎɪt͡səs/

### Noun

פּאָליצעס • (politses)
* plural of פּאָליצע (politse)
# שאָטנס
## Yiddish
### Noun

שאָטנס • (shotns)
* plural of שאָטן (shotn)
# שאָף
## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Old High German scāf, from Proto-Germanic *skēpą. Compare German Schaf.

### Noun

שאָף • (shof) m or f, plural שאָף (shof) or שאָפֿן (shofn), diminutive שעפֿל (shefl) or שעפֿעלע (shefele)
* sheep (animal)

#### Synonyms

* שעפּס (sheps)
# פֿלאַנצן
## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Middle High German pflanzen, from Old High German phlanzōn, derived from the noun phlanza, from Latin planta (“plant”). Compare German Pflanze and pflanzen.

### Verb

פֿלאַנצן • (flantsn) (past participle געפֿלאַנצט (geflantst))
* to plant
# פֿלאַש
## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Middle High German vlasche, from Old High German flasca, flaska (“bottle, flask”) (compare German Flasche), from Proto-Germanic *flaskǭ (“bottle”), from *flehtaną (“to plait, braid”), from the practice of plaiting or wrapping bottles in straw casing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɫaʃ/

### Noun

פֿלאַש • (flash) f, plural פֿלעשער (flesher), diminutive פֿלעשל (fleshl)
* bottle

#### Derived terms

* בירפֿלאַש (birflash)
# פֿלאָמיס
## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Phlomis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɫɔmɪs/

### Noun

פֿלאָמיס • (flomis) m
* Jerusalem sage (Phlomis fruticosa)

### References

* Schaechter-Viswanath, Gitl, Glasser, Paul (2016) “Jerusalem sage”, in Comprehensive English-Yiddish Dictionary, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, →ISBN
# צימרינג
## Yiddish
### Alternative forms

* צימערינג (tsimering), צימרינד (tsimrind)

### Etymology

Likely related to German Zimtrinde (“cinnamon bark”), pronounced dialectally as *Zimtring(e) in Bavaria and Austria.

### Noun

צימרינג • (tsimring) m
* cinnamon (spice)
    Synonym: צימבריק (tsimbrik)

### References

* Astravux, Aljaksandar (2008) “cim(e)ring/cimbrik/cimrind”, in Idyš-bjelaruski slóŭnik [Yiddish–Belarusian Dictionary], Minsk: Mjedisónt, →ISBN, page 198
* Justus van de Kamp et al., “צימרינג” in Jiddisch-Nederlands Woordenboek [Yiddish-Dutch Dictionary], Amsterdam: Stichting Jiddische Lexicografie, 1987-present (ongoing). .
# חביבתא
## Aramaic
### Alternative forms

* ܚܒܝܒܬܐ — Syriac

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħæbibtaʔ/

### Adjective

חביבתא • (transliteration needed) f (plural, חביבא)
* beloved, dear
# آفند
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔɑː.ˈfanð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɑː.fǽn̪d̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɑː.fǽn̪d̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɑː.fǽn̪d̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔɔː.fǽn̪d̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔɒː.fǽn̪d̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔɔ.fǽn̪d̪]

### Noun

آفند • (âfand)
* (archaic) fight
# טרפד
## Hebrew
### Verb

טִרְפֵּד • (tirpéd) (pi'el construction)
* (transitive) To torpedo: to powerfully undermine.
# آيس كريم
## Arabic
### Etymology

From English ice cream.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔaːjs kriːm/
* IPA: /ʔaː.jis ki.riːm/

### Noun

آيِس كِرِيم or آيْس كْرِيم • (ʔāyis kirīm or ʔāys krīm) m
* ice cream
# آيخ
## Bulgar
### Noun

آيخ (ayıx)
* Alternative form of ايخ

### References

* Hakimzjanov, Farid Sabirzjanovich (1986) “New Volga Bulgarian Inscriptions”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae‎ (in Bulgar), volume 40, number 1, page 174
# آيرلنډ
## Pashto
### Etymology

From English Ireland.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑjrˈlənɖ/

### Proper noun

آيرلنډ • (āyrlə́nḍ) m
* Ireland
# آيس
## Arabic

* Root
* ء ي س (ʔ y s)
* 3 terms

### Verb

آيَسَ • (ʔāyasa) IV (non-past يُؤْيِسُ (yuʔyisu), verbal noun إِييَاس (ʔīyās))
* to lead into giving up hope, to lead into despair
    Synonym: أَيْأَسَ (ʔayʔasa)
* to make barren, to make despair of the recurrence of the menstrual flux

#### Conjugation
### References

* Freytag, Georg (1830) “آيس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 37
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “آيس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 137
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “آيس”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 98
# أنعظنا
## Arabic
### Verb

أَنْعَظْنَا • (ʔanʕaẓnā) (form IV) /ʔan.ʕaðˤ.naː/
* first-person plural past active of أَنْعَظَ (ʔanʕaẓa)
# צמאה
## Hebrew
### Adjective

צמאה • (ts'me'á)
* feminine singular indefinite form of צָמֵא (tsamé)
# أسسنا
## Arabic
### Verb

أسسنا (form II)
* أَسَّسْنَا (ʔassasnā) /ʔas.sas.naː/: first-person plural past active of أَسَّسَ (ʔassasa)
* أُسِّسْنَا (ʔussisnā) /ʔus.sis.naː/: first-person plural past passive of أَسَّسَ (ʔassasa)
# آمدند
## Persian
### Verb

آمدند • (âmadand)
* third-person plural preterite indicative of آمدن (âmadan)
# احتجاج کرنا
## Urdu
### Verb

احتجاج کرنا • (ehtejāj karnā) (Hindi spelling एहतजाज करना)
* convulse, protest
# اجنبي
## Arabic
### Verb

اُجْنُبِي • (ujnubī) (form I) /ud͡ʒ.nu.biː/
* second-person feminine singular imperative of جَنَبَ (janaba)
# أشوس
## Arabic
### Etymology

Color or defect adjective from the root ش و س (š-w-s).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔaʃ.was/

### Adjective

أَشْوَس • (ʔašwas) (feminine شَوْسَاء (šawsāʔ), common plural شُوس (šūs) or أَشَاوِس (ʔašāwis))
* proud
* bold, audacious, daring, venturesome

#### References

* Freytag, Georg (1833) “أشوس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 464
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “أشوس”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 576
# أشياع
## Arabic
### Noun

أَشْيَاع • (ʔašyāʕ) m pl
* plural of شَيْع (šayʕ)

### Noun

أَشْيَاع • (ʔašyāʕ) f pl
* plural of شِيعَة (šīʕa)
# أجلدتن
## Arabic
### Verb

أجلدتن (form IV)
* أَجْلَدْتُنَّ (ʔajladtunna) /ʔad͡ʒ.lad.tun.na/: second-person feminine plural past active of أَجْلَدَ (ʔajlada)
* أُجْلِدْتُنَّ (ʔujlidtunna) /ʔud͡ʒ.lid.tun.na/: second-person feminine plural past passive of أَجْلَدَ (ʔajlada)
# أجلح
## Arabic
### Etymology

Color or defect adjective from the root ج ل ح (j-l-ḥ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔad͡ʒ.laħ/

### Adjective

أَجْلَح • (ʔajlaḥ) (feminine جَلْحَاء (jalḥāʔ), common plural جُلْح (julḥ))
* bald, callow
# أشنان
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* شِنَان (šinān)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian اُشْنَان (ušnān) or its Middle Persian ancestor, related to Arabic أُشْنَة (ʔušna, “moss, lichen”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔuʃ.naːn/

### Noun

أُشْنَان • (ʔušnān) m
* saltwort, Amaranthaceae spp.:
** Anabasis gen et spp.
** Arthrocnemum macrostachyum
** Kali spp.
** Salsola spp.
** Salicornia spp.
* potash
    Synonyms: قِلْي (qily), قِلْو (qilw), بُوتَاس (būtās)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: xnien (“clover”), xniel

### References

* Bailey, H. W. (1967) Prolexis to the Book of Zambasta (Indo-Scythian Studies Being Khotanese Texts; 6), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 398
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “أشنان”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 25
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “أشنان”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 789
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “أشنان”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 62
* Mandaville, James Paul (2011) Bedouin Ethnobotany. Plant Concepts and Uses in a Desert Pastoral World, Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, pages 144, 253, 360
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “أشنان”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 27
# اكسبوا
## Arabic
### Verb

اِكْسِبُوا • (iksibū) (form I) /ik.si.buː/
* second-person masculine plural imperative of كَسَبَ (kasaba)
# اعتزاز
## Arabic

* Root
* ع ز ز (ʕ z z)
* 10 terms

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iʕ.ti.zaːz/
* Rhymes: -aːz

### Noun

اِعْتِزَاز • (iʕtizāz) m
* verbal noun of اِعْتَزَّ (iʕtazza) (form VIII): pride
# اعتز
## Arabic

* Root
* ع ز ز (ʕ z z)
* 10 terms

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iʕ.taz.za/

### Verb

اِعْتَزَّ • (iʕtazza) VIII (non-past يَعْتَزُّ (yaʕtazzu), verbal noun اِعْتِزَاز (iʕtizāz))
* to become strong and powerful
* to be proud
# أوكراني
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of أُوكْرَانِيَا (ʾukrāniyā, “Ukraine”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔuk.raː.nijj/

### Adjective

أُوكْرَانِيّ • (ʾukrāniyy) (feminine أُوكْرَانِيَّة (ʾukrāniyya), masculine plural أُوكْرَانِيُّون (ʾukrāniyyūn), feminine plural أُوكْرَانِيّات (ʾukrāniyyāt))
* Ukrainian

#### Declension
### Noun

أُوكْرَانِيّ • (ʾukrāniyy) m (plural أُوكْرَانِيُّونَ (ʾukrāniyyūna), feminine أُوكْرَانِيَّة (ʾukrāniyya))
* Ukrainian (person)
# اعشاریه
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic أَعْشَارِيّة (ʔaʕšāriyya), the feminine of أَعْشَارِيّ (ʔaʕšāriyy, “decimal”), a term from the plural of عُشْر (ʕušr, “tenth”) that did not catch on after having been employed in the 19th century.

### Pronunciation

* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäʔ.ʃɑː.ɾi.jǽ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäʔ.ʃɑː.ɾi.jǽ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɑː.ʃɑː.ɾi.jǽ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔɔː.ʃɔː.ɾi.jǽ]

### Noun

اعشاریه • (a'šāriya) (Dari or rare)
* point (decimal point)
** 2024 August 8, “درخواست توقف کمک‌های امریکا به افغانستان و واکنش امارت اسلامی”, in tolonews.com‎, Tolo News:از آگست ۲۰۲۱ میلادی تا اکنون ایالات متحده حدود ۲۰ اعشاریه ۷ میلیارد دالر برای افغان‌ها و پناهجویان افغان اختصاص دادهaz āgast 2021 mīlādī tā aknūn iyālāt-i mutahida hudūd-i 20 a'šāriya 7 mīlyārd dālar barā-yi afğān-hā wa pināhjōyān-i afğān ixtisās dādaFrom August 2021 AD to now, the United States dedicated approximately 20 point 7 billion dollars to Afghans and Afghan refugees[...]

### Further reading

* Bulkin, Carleton (2012) “اعشاریه”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 28
* “اعشاریه”, in قاموس کبیر افغانستان [qāmūs-i kabīr-i afğānistān, The Great Dictionary of Afghanistan] (in Persian), Afghan Dictionary, 2023
* “اعشاريه”, in The Wilson English - Dari Dictionary (Webonary), SIL International, 2013
# انتهين
## Arabic
### Verb

انتهين (form VIII)
* اِنْتَهَيْنَ (intahayna) /in.ta.haj.na/: third-person feminine plural past active of اِنْتَهَى (intahā)
* اِنْتَهِينَ (intahīna) /in.ta.hiː.na/: second-person feminine plural imperative of اِنْتَهَى (intahā)
# استحقوا
## Arabic
### Verb

استحقوا (form X)
* اِسْتَحَقُّوا (istaḥaqqū) /is.ta.ħaq.quː/: third-person masculine plural past active of اِسْتَحَقَّ (istaḥaqqa)
* اُسْتُحِقُّوا (ustuḥiqqū) /us.tu.ħiq.quː/: third-person masculine plural past passive of اِسْتَحَقَّ (istaḥaqqa)
* اِسْتَحِقُّوا (istaḥiqqū) /is.ta.ħiq.quː/: second-person masculine plural imperative of اِسْتَحَقَّ (istaḥaqqa)
# اینمك
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ēn- (“to go down”).

### Verb

اینمك • (enmek, inmek)
* to descend, fall down, come down
* to subside, diminish
* (nautical) to be launched

#### Derived terms

* انكین (engin)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: inmek

### References

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اینمك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 311
# اینه
## Persian
### Noun

اینه • (oyne)
* (dialectal, Shiraz, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) mirror

## Southwestern Fars
### Noun

اینه (oyna)
* (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) mirror
# بثرات
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.θa.raːt/

### Noun

بَثَرَات • (baṯarāt) f pl
* plural of بَثْرَة (baṯra)
# ببؤک
## Munji
### Noun

ببؤک (babowk)
* cockatoos
# بباس
## Malay
### Adjective

بباس (Rumi spelling bebas)
* Jawi spelling of bebas‎
# اطبع
## Arabic
### Verb

اِطْبَعْ • (iṭbaʕ) (form I) /itˤ.baʕ/
* second-person masculine singular imperative of طَبَعَ (ṭabaʕa)
# اطبعي
## Arabic
### Verb

اِطْبَعِي • (iṭbaʕī) (form I) /itˤ.ba.ʕiː/
* second-person feminine singular imperative of طَبَعَ (ṭabaʕa)
# اطبل
## Arabic
### Verb

اُطْبُلْ • (uṭbul) (form I) /utˤ.bul/
* second-person masculine singular imperative of طَبَلَ (ṭabala)
# بمبئی
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bom.bæ.ʔiː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bom.bæ.ʔiː]
** (Tehrani) IPA: [bombej]

### Proper noun

| Dari | مُمبَی |
| Iranian Persian | بُمبئی |
| Tajik | Мумбай |
بمبئی • (bomba'ī)
* Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India, also known as Bombay)

## Urdu
### Proper noun

بمبئی • (bambaī) m (Hindi spelling बंबई)
* Bombay

#### Synonyms

ممبئی (mumbaī)
# بمب آتش‌زا
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* بمب آتش زا (bomb-e âtaš-zâ) — with space instead of a ZWNJ.

### Noun

بمب آتش‌زا • (bomb-e âtaš-zâ)
* incendiary bomb
# افشار
## Persian
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian ʾpšār (afšār).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔaf.ʃɑːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäf.ʃɑːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäf.ʃɑːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäf.ʃɑːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäf.ʃɔːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæf.ʃɒːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔäf.ʃɔɾ]

### Verb

افشار • (afšâr)
* present stem form of افشردن (afšordan)