# 極刑
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jíxíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gik$^6$ jing$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ke̍k-hêng / kia̍k-hêng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jíxíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jísíng
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^2$-hsing$^2$
*** Yale: jí-syíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyishyng
*** Palladius: цзисин (czisin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$急行 極刑／极刑 疾行
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gik$^6$ jing$^4$
*** Yale: gihk yìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gik$^9$ jing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gig$^6$ ying$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪk̚² jɪŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke̍k-hêng
*** Tâi-lô: ki̍k-hîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kegheeng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hiɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kia̍k-hêng
*** Tâi-lô: kia̍k-hîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiagheeng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiak̚²⁴⁻² hiɪŋ²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: gik heng
Rime :
| Character | 極 | 刑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 渠力切 | 戸經切 |
| Baxter | gik | heng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨk̚/ | /ɦeŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡɨk̚/ | /ɦeŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiek̚/ | /ɣɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gik̚/ | /ɦɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiək̚/ | /ɣeŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭək̚/ | /ɣieŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /gi̯ək̚/ | /ɣieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jí | xíng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gik$^6$ | jing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)ək [ɢ]ˤeŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯɡ ɡeːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 極 | 刑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jí | xíng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gik › | ‹ heng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ](r)ək/ | /*[ɢ]ˁeŋ/ |
| English | extreme | punish(ment) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 極 | 刑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5738 | 6861 |
| Phonetic component | 茍 | 井 |
| Rime group | 職 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 極 | 㓝 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡɯɡ/ | /*ɡeːŋ/ |

### Noun

極刑
* capital punishment; death penalty

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 死刑, 極刑, 大辟 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 死刑, 極刑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 死刑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 死刑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 死刑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 死刑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 死刑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 死刑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 死刑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 死刑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 死刑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 死刑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 死刑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 死刑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 死刑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 死刑 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 死刑 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 死刑 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 死刑 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 死刑 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 死刑 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 死刑 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 死刑 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 死刑 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 死刑 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 死刑 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 死刑 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 死刑 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 死刑 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 死刑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 死刑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 死刑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 死刑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 死刑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 死刑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 死刑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 死刑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 死刑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 死刑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 死刑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 死刑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 死刑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 死刑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 死刑 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 死刑 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 死刑 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 死刑 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 死刑 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 死刑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 死刑 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 死刑 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 死刑 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 死刑 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 死刑 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 死刑 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 死刑 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 死刑 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 死刑 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 死刑 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 死刑 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 死刑, 殺刮 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 死刑 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 死刑 |
| Jin | Datong | 死刑 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 死刑 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 死刑 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 死刑 |
| Jin | Linhe | 死刑 |
| Jin | Jining | 死刑 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 死刑 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 死刑 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 死刑 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 死刑 |
| Jin | Handan | 死刑 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 死刑 |
| Jin | Suide | 死刑 |

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 極 | 刑 |
| きょく > きょっ Grade: 4 | けい Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きょっけー [kyòkkéé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲo̞k̚ke̞ː]

### Noun

極(きょっ)刑(けい) • (kyokkei)
* capital punishment
    Synonyms: 死刑, 死罪

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN