# 葯

| 葯 | U+846F, &#33903; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-846F |
| ← 葮 [U+846E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 葰 → [U+8470] |

## Translingual
### Han character

葯 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿女火戈 (TVFI), four-corner 4492$_7$, composition ⿱艹約)

#### Related characters

* 藥 (Orthodox traditional form of 葯 when it is used as a variant form - See etymology 2)
* 药 (Simplified form of 藥 in mainland China)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1046, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31451
* Dae Jaweon: page 1507, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3259, character 9
* Unihan data for U+846F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 豹 | *preːwɢs |
| 趵 | *preːwɢs, *preːwɢ |
| 尥 | *breːw, *b·reːwɢs |
| 箹 | *ʔreːwɢs, *ʔreːwɢ |
| 杓 | *plew, *pʰlew, *bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ |
| 約 | *ʔlewɢs, *ʔlewɢ |
| 扚 | *pleːwʔ, *pleːwɢ |
| 釣 | *pleːwɢs |
| 瘹 | *teːwɢs |
| 芍 | *ɡleːwʔ, *spʰlewɢ, *pl'ewɢ, *bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ |
| 酌 | *pljewɢ |
| 灼 | *pljewɢ |
| 勺 | *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ |
| 彴 | *pljewɢ |
| 犳 | *pljewɢ |
| 妁 | *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ |
| 汋 | *bljewɢ, *sbreːwɢ |
| 仢 | *bljewɢ |
| 葯 | *qlewɢ, *qreːwɢ |
| 礿 | *lewɢ |
| 肑 | *preːwɢ, *pleːwɢ |
| 瓝 | *breːwɢ |
| 的 | *pleːwɢ |
| 靮 | *pleːwɢ |
| 馰 | *pleːwɢ |
| 玓 | *pleːwɢ |
| 魡 | *pleːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlewɢ, *qreːwɢ) : semantic 艸 (“plant”) + phonetic 約 (OC *ʔlewɢs, *ʔlewɢ).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yào, yuè (yao$^4$, yue$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˋ, ㄩㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joek$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yào
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yào
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^4$
*** Yale: yàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yaw
*** Palladius: яо (jao)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuè
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuè
*** Wade–Giles: yüeh$^4$
*** Yale: ywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yueh
*** Palladius: юэ (jue)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joek$^3$
*** Yale: yeuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːk̚³/
* Middle Chinese: 'aewk, 'jak
Rime :
| Character | 葯 | 葯 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 覺 (10) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 於角切 | 於略切 |
| Baxter | 'aewk | 'jak |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠʌk̚/ | /ʔɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚɔk̚/ | /ʔiɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɔk̚/ | /ʔiɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔaɨwk̚/ | /ʔɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔɔk̚/ | /ʔiak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɔk̚/ | /ĭak̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔɔk̚/ | /ʔi̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yue | yue |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ok$^3$ | joek$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[q]ˤrewk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qlewɢ/, /*qreːwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 葯 | 葯 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yào | yuē |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔæwk › | ‹ ʔjak › |
| Old Chinese | /*[q]ˁrewk/ | /*[q]ˁrewk/ |
| English | Iris leaves | Iris leaves |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 葯 | 葯 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11202 | 11208 |
| Phonetic component | 勺 | 勺 |
| Rime group | 藥 | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 約 | 渥 |
| Old Chinese | /*qlewɢ/ | /*qreːwɢ/ |
| Notes | 見九歌：芷 | |

#### Definitions

葯
* Angelica dahurica
* orris root
* leaf of the iris
* leaf of the Angelica dahurica

##### See also

* 白芷 (báizhǐ, “Angelica dahurica”)

##### Compounds

* 聚葯雄蕊／聚药雄蕊
* 花葯／花药 (huāyào)

### Etymology 2
#### Glyph origin

One of the 324 simplified characters introduced by the Republic of China (Kuomintang government) in 1935 as a simplified form of 藥／药 but was later retracted in 1936. Prior to that 葯 and 藥／药 were two homonyms that were not related with one another.
In the 1956 Chinese Character Simplification Scheme by the People's Republic of China, 葯 was once again listed as a simplified form of 藥／药 which was succeeded by 药 based on the radical simplification of 糹／纟 (sīzìpáng) to 纟 (sīzìpáng).

#### Definitions

* For pronunciation and definitions of 葯 – see 藥 (“medicine; drug; pharmaceutical; substance used for a particular purpose; etc.”). (This character is the former (1935–1936) ROC simplified, former (1964–1986) first-round simplified, former (1969–1976) Singaporean simplified, and variant form of 藥).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

#### Usage notes

* In modern Taiwan, 葯 is still considered a variant form (異體字／异体字 (yìtǐzì)) of 藥／药.
* In mainland China, 藥／药, rather than 葯 is listed officially as the traditional form of 药.

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B03973
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03590-006

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): やく (yaku)、あく (aku)、てき (teki)
* Kun: よろいぐさ (yoroigusa)、まとう (matō)、つつむ (tsutsumu)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 葯
* やく Hyōgai
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 葯 (MC 'aewk|'jak).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) やく [yáꜜkù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ja̠kɯ̟]

#### Noun

葯(やく) • (yaku)
* (botany) anther

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

葯 • (yak, ak) (hangeul 약, 악, revised yak, ak, McCune–Reischauer yak, ak, Yale yak, ak)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

葯: Hán Nôm readings: dược, ước
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation