OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# جانسي
## Arabic
### Verb

جَانِسِي • (jānisī) (form III) /d͡ʒaː.ni.siː/
* second-person feminine singular imperative of جَانَسَ (jānasa)
# جانه
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒɑː.ˈna]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɑː.nǽ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɑː.nǽ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒɑː.nǽ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒɔː.nǽ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɒː.né]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒɔ.nǽ]

### Noun

جانه • (jâne)
* vital spirit
* young of any animal
* pith of a tree
* arms, armour
* island
* cheek

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “جانه”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
# جهری
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

An Iranian borrowing. Compare Arabic جَلْهَم (jalham) of like meaning. The same word as جهره (cehre, “yarn-reel”), from Persian چهره (čahra, čehra, “wheel; yarn-reel”), modernly known as چرخه (‍čarxa, “wheel; spinning wheel”), even in Swahili cherehani (“sewing machine”).

### Noun

جهری • (cehri)
* any Rhamnus species or the genus or fruits thereof or particularly yellowberries for dye
** 1914, Harun Reşit Kocacan, Muhtasar ilm-i kımya: Darülmuallimin ve Darülfünun ile mekâtib-i iʼdadiye sınıflarına mahsustur, İstanbul: Kitaphane-yi İslâm ve Askerı̂, page 254:طبیعی بویالرك اك مهملری كوك بویا ، بقام اغاجی ، چیوید ، زغفران جهرى وقرمزدر .tabiʼi boyalarıñ eñ mühimleri kök boya, bakkam ağacı, ‍çivid, zağferan[,] cehri ve kırmızdır.The most important natural dyes are madder, bloodwood, indigo, saffron, yellowberry, and kermes.

#### Derived terms

* آلاجهری (ala cehri)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: cehri, cehre, both meaning Rhamnus genus and species

### Further reading

* “Persian berries”, in CAMEO: Conservation & Art Materials Encyclopedia Online‎, 2013
* “Buckthorn berries”, in CAMEO: Conservation & Art Materials Encyclopedia Online‎, 2013
* Alkayış, Fatih (2007) “cehri”, in Türkiye Türkçesinde bitki adları [Plant Names in Turkish of Turkey] (in Turkish), doctoral thesis, Kayseri: T.C. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, page 243
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “جهری”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 452
# جهزنا
## Arabic
### Verb

جهزنا (form II)
* جَهَّزْنَا (jahhaznā) /d͡ʒah.haz.naː/: first-person plural past active of جَهَّزَ (jahhaza)
* جُهِّزْنَا (juhhiznā) /d͡ʒuh.hiz.naː/: first-person plural past passive of جَهَّزَ (jahhaza)
# جهزن
## Arabic
### Verb

جهزن (form II)
* جَهَّزْنَ (jahhazna) /d͡ʒah.haz.na/: third-person feminine plural past active of جَهَّزَ (jahhaza)
* جُهِّزْنَ (juhhizna) /d͡ʒuh.hiz.na/: third-person feminine plural past passive of جَهَّزَ (jahhaza)
* جَهِّزْنَ (jahhizna) /d͡ʒah.hiz.na/: second-person feminine plural imperative of جَهَّزَ (jahhaza)
# راه رفتن
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɾɑːh ɾaf.tan]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rɑːʱ räf.t̪ʰän]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rɑːʱ räf.t̪ʰän]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [rɑː räf.t̪ʰän]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [rɔː räf.t̪ʰän]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɹɒːʱ ɹæf.t̪ʰæn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɾɔʱ ɾäf.t̪ʰän]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Verb

راه رفتن • (râh raftan)
* to walk
# حفش
## Arabic

* Root
* ح ف ش (ḥ f š)
* 1 term

### Etymology

The verb “to gather” is from Proto-Semitic *ḥapaś-. Cognate with Biblical Hebrew חָפַשׂ (ḥɔp̄aś, “to search”).

### Verb

حَفَشَ • (ḥafaša) I (non-past يَحْفِشُ (yaḥfišu), verbal noun حَفْش (ḥafš)) (archaic)
* (transitive, intransitive) to gather, to throng, to asport
** c. 700, Al-Farazdaq, تضاحكت أن رأت شيبا تفرعني:[…] الغَيْثِ يَحْفِشُ أَطْرَافَ الشَآبِيبِ كادَ الفُؤادُ تَطِيرُ الطّائِرَاتُ بِهِ مِنَ المَخافَةِ […][…] al-ḡayṯi yaḥfišu ʔaṭrāfa š-šaʔābībi kāda l-fuʔādu taṭīru ṭ-ṭāʔirātu bihi mina l-maḵāfati […]The rain gathers the ends of the showers like when birds fly in a heart from fright

#### Conjugation
### Verb

حَفِشَ • (ḥafiša) I (non-past يَحْفَشُ (yaḥfašu), verbal noun حَفَش (ḥafaš)) (obsolete)
* to have an ulcer at one side while being healthy on the other side (said of a camel’s hump)
* to rain vehemently

#### Conjugation
### Noun

حَفْش • (ḥafš) m (collective)
* verbal noun of حَفَشَ (ḥafaša) (form I)
* sturgeon

#### Declension
### Noun

حِفْش • (ḥifš) m (plural أَحْفَاش (ʔaḥfāš))
* a case for paraphernalia, box for utensils, receptacle wherein the apparatus of women is stored, or the like
* a small tent

#### Declension
### Adjective

حَفِش • (ḥafiš) (obsolete)
* having an ulcer at one side while being healthy on the other side (said of a camel’s hump)

#### Declension
### References

* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “حفش”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 304
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “حفش”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 401–402
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “حفش”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 601
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “حفش”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 272
# حفروا
## Arabic
### Verb

حفروا (form I)
* حَفَرُوا (ḥafarū) /ħa.fa.ruː/: third-person masculine plural past active of حَفَرَ (ḥafara)
* حُفِرُوا (ḥufirū) /ħu.fi.ruː/: third-person masculine plural past passive of حَفَرَ (ḥafara)
# حماض
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* حُمَّيْض (ḥummayḍ), حَمْبَاض (ḥambāḍ)

### Etymology

From the root ح م ض (ḥ-m-ḍ) as حَامِض m (ḥāmiḍ, “sour”), حَمْض m (ḥamḍ, “acid”; in Moroccan Arabic “lemon”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħum.maːdˤ/
* (colloquial also) IPA: /ħam.maːdˤ/

### Noun

حُمَّاض • (ḥummāḍ) m
* sorrel
* (possibly obsolete) citron pulp

#### Derived terms

* حُمَّاض بُسْتَانِيّ (ḥummāḍ bustāniyy, “sorrel”)
* حُمَّاضِيَّة (ḥummāḍiyya, “medieval stew made with citron; Oxalidaceae”)

### Further reading

* Mandaville, James Paul (1990) Flora of Eastern Saudi Arabia, Riyadh: Routledge, →ISBN, pages 105–106
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “حماض”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
* Maxime Rodinson, Arthur John Arberry, Charles Perry, الطبيخ العربي في العصور الوسطى / Medieval Arab Cookery (2001)
# حمالة صدر
## Arabic
### Etymology

حَمَّالَة (ḥammāla) +‎ صَدْر (ṣadr)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħam.maː.la.tu sˤadr/

### Noun

حَمَّالَةُ صَدْر • (ḥammālatu ṣadr) f
* bra
    Synonym: مِشَدّ صَدْر (mišadd ṣadr)
# د ... وروسته
## Pashto

* A user has added this entry to requests for deletion.
* Please see that page for discussion and justifications. You may continue to edit this entry while the discussion proceeds, but please mention significant edits at the RFD discussion and ensure that the intention of votes already cast is not left unclear. Do not remove the {{rfd}} until the debate has finished.

### Etymology

From Pashto, د and وروسته.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪ə, wrus.t̪a/

### Particle

د ... وروسته • (dë ... wrusta)
* after
# د ... په منځ کې
## Pashto

* A user has added this entry to requests for deletion.
* Please see that page for discussion and justifications. You may continue to edit this entry while the discussion proceeds, but please mention significant edits at the RFD discussion and ensure that the intention of votes already cast is not left unclear. Do not remove the {{rfd}} until the debate has finished.

### Etymology

From Pashto.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪ə/
* IPA: /pə/
* IPA: /mand͡z/
* IPA: /mand͡z/
* Audio:(file)

### Circumposition

د ... په منځ کې • (dë ... pë manź ke)
* between, among
# زاق
## Persian
### Etymology

Related to Old Armenian ձագ (jag).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [zɑːq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zɑːq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zɑːq]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [zɑːq]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [zɔːq]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [zɒːɢ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [zɔq]

### Noun

زاق • (zâq)
* the young of anything

#### Descendants

* Georgian: ზაქი (zaki)
** → Bats: ზაქ (zak)

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “زاق”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
# دولت عمیق
## Persian
### Etymology

From دولت (dowlat) +‎ عمیق ('amiq), probably a calque of Turkish derin devlet (“deep state”) (early uses were in relation to Turkey, especially the 1996 Susurluk scandal).

### Noun

دولت عمیق • (dowlat-e 'amiq) (plural دولت عمیق‌ها (dowlat-e 'amiq-hâ))
* deep state, shadow government, state within a state
    دولت عمیق در ایالات متحده آمریکا. ― Deep state in the United States of America.
# دولتی
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [daw.la.tiː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äw.lä.t̪ʰiː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪äw.lä.t̪ʰiː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪äw.lä.t̪ʰiː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪äw.lä.t̪ʰi]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪ow.læ.t̪ʰiː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪äw.lä.t̪ʰi]

### Adjective

| Dari | دولتی |
| Iranian Persian | دولتی |
| Tajik | давлатӣ |
دولتی • (dowlati)
* governmental
# درنه
## Pashto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪rəna/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

درنه • (drëna)
* heavy
* honorable
* haunted

#### See also

* دروند
# راتوں
## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɾɑː.t̪õː/

### Noun

راتوں • (rātõ) f (Hindi spelling रातों)
* oblique plural of رات (rāt, “night”)
# راتوں رات
## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɾɑː.t̪õː ɾɑːt̪/

### Adverb

راتوں رات • (rātõ rāt) (Hindi spelling रातों रात)
* overnight

### References

* “رات راتوں رات”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “رات راتوں رات”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
# راتھ
## Kashmiri
### Etymology

From Sanskrit रात्रि (rātri, “night”).

### Noun

راتھ • (rāth) f (Devanagari राथ, stem رات)
* night
* yesterday

### Adverb

راتھ • (rāth)
* yesterday
* last night
    سُہ کَر آو؟ سُہ اوس راتھ آمُت۔When did he come? He had come yesterday.
# رفضت
## Arabic
### Verb

رفضت (form I)
* رَفَضْتُ (rafaḍtu) /ra.fadˤ.tu/: first-person singular past active of رَفَضَ (rafaḍa)
* رَفَضْتَ (rafaḍta) /ra.fadˤ.ta/: second-person masculine singular past active of رَفَضَ (rafaḍa)
* رَفَضْتِ (rafaḍti) /ra.fadˤ.ti/: second-person feminine singular past active of رَفَضَ (rafaḍa)
* رَفَضَتْ (rafaḍat) /ra.fa.dˤat/: third-person feminine singular past active of رَفَضَ (rafaḍa)
* رُفِضْتُ (rufiḍtu) /ru.fidˤ.tu/: first-person singular past passive of رَفَضَ (rafaḍa)
* رُفِضْتَ (rufiḍta) /ru.fidˤ.ta/: second-person masculine singular past passive of رَفَضَ (rafaḍa)
* رُفِضْتِ (rufiḍti) /ru.fidˤ.ti/: second-person feminine singular past passive of رَفَضَ (rafaḍa)
* رُفِضَتْ (rufiḍat) /ru.fi.dˤat/: third-person feminine singular past passive of رَفَضَ (rafaḍa)
# سيفط
## Moroccan Arabic

* Root
* س ي ف ط
* 1 term

### Alternative forms

* سافط (sāfaṭ)

### Etymology

From a Berber language.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saj.fatˤ/, /siː.fatˤ/

### Verb

سيفط • (sayfaṭ, sīfaṭ) Iq (non-past يسيفط (ysayfaṭ, ysīfaṭ), verbal noun تسيفيط (tsayfīṭ, tsīfīṭ) or تسافيط (tsāfīṭ), active participle مسيفط (msayfaṭ, msīfaṭ), passive participle مسيفط (msayfaṭ, msīfaṭ))
* to send
    Synonyms: رسل (rsal), صدر (ṣaddar), بعت (bʕat)

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of سيفط :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | سيفطت (sayfaṭt) | سيفطتي (sayfaṭti) | سيفط (sayfaṭ) | سيفطنا (sayfaṭna) | سيفطتوا (sayfaṭtu) | سيفطوا (sayfṭu) |
| past | f | سيفطت (sayfaṭt) | سيفطتي (sayfaṭti) | سيفطت (sayfṭāt) | سيفطنا (sayfaṭna) | سيفطتوا (sayfaṭtu) | سيفطوا (sayfṭu) |
| non-past | m | نسيفط (nsayfaṭ) | تسيفط (tsayfaṭ) | يسيفط (ysayfaṭ) | نسيفطوا (nsayfṭu) | تسيفطوا (tsayfṭu) | يسيفطوا (ysayfṭu) |
| non-past | f | نسيفط (nsayfaṭ) | تسيفطي (tsayfaṭi) | تسيفط (tsayfaṭ) | نسيفطوا (nsayfṭu) | تسيفطوا (tsayfṭu) | يسيفطوا (ysayfṭu) |
| imperative | m | | سيفط (sayfaṭ) | | | سيفطوا (sayfṭu) | |
| imperative | f | | سيفطي (sayfṭi) | | | سيفطوا (sayfṭu) | |

### References

* ↑ Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2014) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band III: Verben, Adjektive, Zeit und Zahlen (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100/III) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 444
# خوطبتن
## Arabic
### Verb

خُوطِبْتُنَّ • (ḵūṭibtunna) (form III) /xuː.tˤib.tun.na/
* second-person feminine plural past passive of خَاطَبَ (ḵāṭaba)
# صلحت
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

صلحت (form I)
* صَلَحْتُ (ṣalaḥtu) /sˤa.laħ.tu/: first-person singular past active of صَلَحَ (ṣalaḥa)
* صَلَحْتَ (ṣalaḥta) /sˤa.laħ.ta/: second-person masculine singular past active of صَلَحَ (ṣalaḥa)
* صَلَحْتِ (ṣalaḥti) /sˤa.laħ.ti/: second-person feminine singular past active of صَلَحَ (ṣalaḥa)
* صَلَحَتْ (ṣalaḥat) /sˤa.la.ħat/: third-person feminine singular past active of صَلَحَ (ṣalaḥa)
* صَلُحْتُ (ṣaluḥtu) /sˤa.luħ.tu/: first-person singular past active of صَلُحَ (ṣaluḥa)
* صَلُحْتَ (ṣaluḥta) /sˤa.luħ.ta/: second-person masculine singular past active of صَلُحَ (ṣaluḥa)
* صَلُحْتِ (ṣaluḥti) /sˤa.luħ.ti/: second-person feminine singular past active of صَلُحَ (ṣaluḥa)
* صَلُحَتْ (ṣaluḥat) /sˤa.lu.ħat/: third-person feminine singular past active of صَلُحَ (ṣaluḥa)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

صلحت (form II)
* صَلَّحْتُ (ṣallaḥtu) /sˤal.laħ.tu/: first-person singular past active of صَلَّحَ (ṣallaḥa)
* صَلَّحْتَ (ṣallaḥta) /sˤal.laħ.ta/: second-person masculine singular past active of صَلَّحَ (ṣallaḥa)
* صَلَّحْتِ (ṣallaḥti) /sˤal.laħ.ti/: second-person feminine singular past active of صَلَّحَ (ṣallaḥa)
* صَلَّحَتْ (ṣallaḥat) /sˤal.la.ħat/: third-person feminine singular past active of صَلَّحَ (ṣallaḥa)
* صُلِّحْتُ (ṣulliḥtu) /sˤul.liħ.tu/: first-person singular past passive of صَلَّحَ (ṣallaḥa)
* صُلِّحْتَ (ṣulliḥta) /sˤul.liħ.ta/: second-person masculine singular past passive of صَلَّحَ (ṣallaḥa)
* صُلِّحْتِ (ṣulliḥti) /sˤul.liħ.ti/: second-person feminine singular past passive of صَلَّحَ (ṣallaḥa)
* صُلِّحَتْ (ṣulliḥat) /sˤul.li.ħat/: third-person feminine singular past passive of صَلَّحَ (ṣallaḥa)
# ساررتن
## Arabic
### Verb

سَارَرْتُنَّ • (sārartunna) (form III) /saː.rar.tun.na/
* second-person feminine plural past active of سَارَرَ (sārara)
# سوہی
## Punjabi
### Proper noun

سوہی • (sohī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਸੋਹੀ)
* a Punjabi surname, Sohi
# سویا
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [soː.jɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [soː.jɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [soː.jɑː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [soː.jɑː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sʊː.jɔː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sow.jɒː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sɵ.jɔ]

### Noun

سویا • (soyâ)
* soya

## Punjabi
### Noun

سویا • (soā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸੋਆ)
* dill (seed and plant)
# شاحبة
## Arabic
### Adjective

شَاحِبَة • (šāḥiba) f
* feminine singular of شَاحِب (šāḥib)
# شاخاب پارس
## Persian
### Proper noun

شاخاب پارس • (šâxâb-e pârs)
* Persian Gulf
    Synonyms: خلیج فارس (xalij-e fârs), خلیج همیشه فارس (xalij-e hamiše fârs)
# ريسو
## Malay
### Verb

ريسو
* (pre-1986) Obsolete spelling of ريساو.
# شَتَئ
## Ushojo
### Noun

شَتَئ (šatay)
* kiln pulp
# رِوُن

رِوُن

## Kashmiri
### Etymology

from Sanskrit रुवण्य (ruvaṇya)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /riwun/

### Verb

رِوُن • (rivun) (Devanagari रिवुन, Sharada 𑆉𑆮𑆶𑆤𑇀)
* to cry, weep

#### Synonyms

* وَدُن (vadun)
# طلقنا
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

طَلُقْنَا • (ṭaluqnā) (form I) /tˤa.luq.naː/
* first-person plural past active of طَلُقَ (ṭaluqa)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

طلقنا (form II)
* طَلَّقْنَا (ṭallaqnā) /tˤal.laq.naː/: first-person plural past active of طَلَّقَ (ṭallaqa)
* طُلِّقْنَا (ṭulliqnā) /tˤul.liq.naː/: first-person plural past passive of طَلَّقَ (ṭallaqa)
# طلنا
## Arabic
### Verb

طلنا (form I)
* طُلْنَا (ṭulnā) /tˤul.naː/: first-person plural past active of طَالَ (ṭāla)
* طِلْنَا (ṭilnā) /tˤil.naː/: first-person plural past passive of طَالَ (ṭāla)
# طلمبة
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* طُلُنْبَة (tulumba)

### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish طولومبه (tulumba), from Italian tromba. Doublet of طُرُمْبَة (ṭurumba) directly borrowed from Italian.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤu.lum.ba/

### Noun

طُلُمْبَة • (ṭulumba) f (plural طُلُمْبَات (ṭulumbāt))
* tromp, pump
# ضرب في الأرض
## Arabic
### Verb

ضَرَبَ فِي الأَرْضِ • (ḍaraba fī l-ʔarḍi) I (non-past يَضْرِبُ فِي الأَرْضِ (yaḍribu fī al-ʔarḍi))
* to travel
# ستاره‌شناس
## Persian
### Etymology

From ستاره (setâre, “star”) +‎ شناس (šenâs).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [si.tɑː.ˈɾa.ʃi.ˈnɑːs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [si.t̪ʰɔː.ɾǽ.ʃi.nɔ́ːs]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [se.t̪ʰɒː.ˈɹe.ʃe.nɒ́ːs]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [si.t̪ʰɔ.ɾǽ.ʃi.nɔ́s]

### Noun

ستاره‌شناس • (setâre-šenâs)
* astronomer
    Synonyms: اخترشمار (axtar-šomâr), اخترشناس (axtar-šenâs), منجم (monajjem)

#### Synonyms

* اخترمار (axtaramâr)/ اخترآمار (axtar-âmâr)

#### Derived terms

* ستاره‌شناسی (setâre-šenâsi)
# عكسوا
## Arabic
### Verb

عكسوا (form I)
* عَكَسُوا (ʕakasū) /ʕa.ka.suː/: third-person masculine plural past active of عَكَسَ (ʕakasa)
* عُكِسُوا (ʕukisū) /ʕu.ki.suː/: third-person masculine plural past passive of عَكَسَ (ʕakasa)
# صاخة
## Arabic
### Etymology

From feminine form of active participle of صَخَّ (ṣaḵḵa), from the root ص خ خ (ṣ-ḵ-ḵ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤaːx.xa/

### Noun

صَاخَّة • (ṣāḵḵa) f (Classical Arabic)
* deafening cry
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 80:33:فَإِذَا جَاءَتِ الصَّاخَّةُfaʔiḏā jāʔati ṣ-ṣāḵḵatu(please add an English translation of this quotation)
# صادرات
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صَادِرَات (ṣādirāt, “export goods”), plural of صَادِر (ṣādir) or Persian plural of صادره (sâdere).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [sɑː.ði.ˈɾɑːt]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɑː.d̪ɪ.ɾɑ́ːt̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɑː.d̪ɪ.ɾɑ́ːt̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sɑː.d̪ɪ.ɾɑ́ːt̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sɔː.d̪i.ɾɔ́ːt̪]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sɒː.d̪e.ɹɒ́ːt̪]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sɔ.d̪i.ɾɔ́t̪]

### Noun

| Dari | صادرات |
| Iranian Persian | صادرات |
| Tajik | содирот |
صادرات • (sâderât)
* export, exports, exportation
    Antonym: واردات (vâredât)
# صادرتن
## Arabic
### Verb

صَادَرْتُنَّ • (ṣādartunna) (form III) /sˤaː.dar.tun.na/
* second-person feminine plural past active of صَادَرَ (ṣādara)
# صتأ
## Arabic

* Root
* ص ت ء (ṣ t ʔ)
* 1 term

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤa.ta.ʔa/

### Verb

صَتَأَ • (ṣataʔa) I (non-past يَصْتَأُ (yaṣtaʔu), verbal noun صَتْء (ṣatʔ)) (obsolete)
* to undertake, to withstand (acc. or لـ (l-) something)
    Synonyms: صَمَدَ (ṣamada), صَبَرَ (ṣabara)
# صبيدج
## Arabic
### Noun

صَبِّيدَج • (ṣabbīdaj) m
* alternative form of سَبِّيدَج (sabbīdaj)
# طبيبات
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤa.biː.baːt/

### Noun

طَبِيبَات • (ṭabībāt) f pl
* plural of طَبِيبة (ṭabība)
# طبيبة
## Arabic

* Root
* ط ب ب (ṭ b b)
* 7 terms

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤa.biː.ba/

### Noun

طَبِيبة • (ṭabība) f (plural طَبِيبَات (ṭabībāt), masculine طَبِيب (ṭabīb))
* female equivalent of طَبِيب (ṭabīb, “doctor”)
# طبي
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of طِبّ (ṭibb, “medicine”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy), from the root ط ب ب (ṭ-b-b).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tˤib.bijj/

#### Adjective

طِبِّيّ • (ṭibbiyy) (feminine طِبِّيَّة (ṭibbiyya), masculine plural طِبِّيُّونَ (ṭibbiyyūna), feminine plural طِبِّيَّات (ṭibbiyyāt))
* medical
** 2017 November 2, “مع قرب موعد أول عملية زراعة رأس لإنسان...المخاطر والعواقب”, in Al-Quds‎, archived from the original on 2 November 2017:لا يسعني إلا أن أفصح عن حدوث تقدّم هائل في التجارب الطبية، كان يبدو مستحيلا حتى أخيراً منذ بضعة أشهر. ومن المؤكد أن المعالم التي تم التوصل إليها ستُحدث ثورة في الطب.I can only express that there has come forth a tremendous progress in the medical trials which used to seem untransactable until lately some months ago. And it is certain that the reached milestones will spawn a revolution in medicine.

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: tibbi
* → Chagatai: طبی
** Uyghur: تىببىي (tibbiy)
** Uzbek: tibbiy
* → Ottoman Turkish: طبی (tıbbî)
** Turkish: tıbbi
* → Persian: طبی (tebbi)
* → Punjabi: طِبّی (t̤ibbī)
* → Urdu: طِبّی (tibbī)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

طبي (form I)
* طُبِّي (ṭubbī) /tˤub.biː/: second-person feminine singular imperative of طَبَّ (ṭabba)
* طِبِّي (ṭibbī) /tˤib.biː/: second-person feminine singular imperative of طَبَّ (ṭabba)
# فرادا وجماعات
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fi.raː.dan wa.d͡ʒa.maː.ʕaː.tin/

### Adverb

فِرَادًا وَجَمَاعَاتٍ • (firādan wajamāʕātin)
* individually and collectively
# عراضة
## Arabic
### Noun

عَرَاضَة • (ʕarāḍa) f
* verbal noun of عَرُضَ (ʕaruḍa) (form I)
# فضا
## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic فَضَاء (faḍāʔ).

#### Pronunciation

* (Kuwait) IPA: /fə.ðˤə/

#### Noun

فضا • (faḏ̣a) m
* outer space

### Etymology 2

From Arabic فَضَا (faḍā).

#### Pronunciation

* (Kuwait) IPA: /fɪ.ðˤə/

#### Verb

فضا • (fiḏ̣a)
* Alternative form of فضى (fiḏ̣a, “to become empty”)

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* فضاء

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic فَضَاء (faḍāʔ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [fa.ˈzɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fä.zɑ́ː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fä.zɑ́ː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [fä.zɑ́ː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [fä.zɔ́ː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [fæ.zɒ́ː], [fe.zɒ́ː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [fä.zɔ́]

### Noun

| Dari | فضا |
| Iranian Persian | فضا |
| Tajik | фазо |
فضا • (fazâ) (plural فضاها (fazâ-hâ))
* space (intervening contents of a volume)
* (mathematics, physics) space

#### Derived terms

* فضایی (fazâyi)
* فضاپیما (fazâpeymâ)
* فضازمان (fazâ-zamân)
* فضای بیرونی (fazâ-ye biruni)
* فضانورد (fazânavard)

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ف ض ي
* 5 terms

### Alternative forms

* فضاء (faḍāʔ, formal)

### Etymology

From Arabic فَضاء (faḍāʔ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fa.dˤa/, [ˈfɑ.dˤɑ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

فضا • (faḍa) m
* void, space
* daylight

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian فَضَا (fazā), from Arabic فَضَاء (faḍāʔ)

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /fə.zɑː/
* (colloquial) IPA: /fɪ.zɑː/

### Noun

فَضا • (fazā) f (Hindi spelling फ़िज़ा)
* (chiefly) air, atmosphere
    Synonym: کُرَۂ ہَوائِی (kura-yi havāī)
    کُھلی فَضا میں چَہَل قَدْمی کَریں۔khulī fazā mẽ cahal qadmī karẽ.Stroll in the open air.
* ambience
* (originally) space
    Synonym: مَکان (makān)

#### Declension

Declension of فضا :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | فَضا (fazā) | فَضایں (fazāẽ) |
| oblique | فَضا (fazā) | فَضاوں (fazāõ) |
| vocative | فَضا (fazā) | فَضاو (fazāo) |

#### Further reading

* “فضا”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “فضا”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “فضا”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
# فربہ
## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian فربه (farbih, “fat, corpulent”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /fəɾ.bɑ(ː)/

### Adjective

فَرْبَہ • (farbah) (Hindi spelling फ़र्बा)
* fat, obese, plump, stout, corpulent
    Synonyms: موٹا (moṭā), چاق (cāq), سمین

### References

* “فربہ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “فربہ”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
# صيدلاني
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* صَنْدَلَانِيّ (ṣandalāniyy)

### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of صَيْدَلَة (ṣaydala, “pharmacy”) +‎ ـَانـ (-ān-) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤaj.da.laː.nijj/

### Noun

صَيْدَلَانِيّ • (ṣaydalāniyy) m (plural صَيْدَلَانِيُّونَ (ṣaydalāniyyūna), feminine صَيْدَلَانِيَّة (ṣaydalāniyya))
* (pharmacy) pharmacist
    Synonym: صَيْدَلِيّ (ṣaydaliyy)