# 擁護
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yōnghù, yǒnghù
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥ ㄏㄨˋ, ㄩㄥˇ ㄏㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jung$^2$ wu$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yúng-fu
* Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̆ng-hô
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iòng-hō͘ / ióng-hō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iong$^3$ hu$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yōnghù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄥ ㄏㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yonghù
*** Wade–Giles: yung$^1$-hu$^4$
*** Yale: yūng-hù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ionghuh
*** Palladius: юнху (junxu)
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ⁵⁵ xu⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǒnghù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ ㄏㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǒnghù
*** Wade–Giles: yung$^3$-hu$^4$
*** Yale: yǔng-hù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeonghuh
*** Palladius: юнху (junxu)
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jung$^2$ wu$^6$
*** Yale: yúng wuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jung$^2$ wu$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yung$^2$ wu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ³⁵ wuː²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng-fu
*** Hakka Romanization System: iung$^ˋ$ fu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^3$ fu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ³¹ fu⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng-fu
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung$^ˋ$ fu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^3$ fu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ³¹ fu⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̆ng-hô
*** Sinological IPA : /yŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(h-)}$ŋou²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iòng-hō͘
*** Tâi-lô: iòng-hōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iorngho
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ hɔ²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng-hō͘
*** Tâi-lô: ióng-hōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iofngho
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔ²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iong$^3$ hu$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iòng hŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /ioŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hu³⁵/

### Verb

擁護
* (transitive) to support; to uphold; to endorse

#### Synonyms

* 允諾／允诺 (yǔnnuò)
* 同意 (tóngyì)
* 壋頭／垱头 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, figurative)
* 應／应 (yīng)
* 批准 (pīzhǔn)
* 承認／承认 (chéngrèn)
* 答應／答应 (dāyìng)
* 認可／认可 (rènkě)
* 認同／认同 (rèntóng)
* 贊同／赞同 (zàntóng)
* 贊成／赞成 (zànchéng)
* 附合 (fùhé) (literary, to echo)
* 附和 (fùhè) (to echo)
* 附議／附议 (fùyì)
* 首肯 (shǒukěn) (literary)
* 點頭／点头 (diǎntóu) (figurative)

#### Antonyms

* 回絕／回绝 (huíjué)
* 屏絕／屏绝 (bǐngjué)
* 拒 (jù) (formal, or in compounds)
* 拒絕／拒绝 (jùjué)
* 摒絕／摒绝 (bìngjué)

#### Derived terms

* 擁護者／拥护者 (yōnghùzhě, yǒnghùzhě)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 擁(よう)護(ご) (yōgo)
* → Korean: 옹호(擁護) (ongho)
* → Vietnamese: ủng hộ (擁護)

#### See also

* 擁戴／拥戴 (yōngdài)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 擁 | 護 |
| よう Grade: S | ご Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) よーご [yóꜜògò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [jo̞ːɡo̞]

### Noun

擁(よう)護(ご) • (yōgo)
* protection, defense, championship

### Verb

擁(よう)護(ご)する • (yōgo suru) transitive suru (stem 擁(よう)護(ご)し (yōgo shi), past 擁(よう)護(ご)した (yōgo shita))
* to protect, to support, to maintain
** 2011, Barack Obama, 中東と北アフリカに関するバラク・オバマの演説, translation of "Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa":
    現状(げんじょう)を擁護(ようご)する訳(わけ)にはゆかない。
       Genjō o yōgo suru wake ni wa yukanai.
       The status quo is not sustainable.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 擁護し | ようごし | yōgo shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 擁護し | ようごし | yōgo shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 擁護する | ようごする | yōgo suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 擁護する | ようごする | yōgo suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 擁護すれ | ようごすれ | yōgo sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 擁護せよ¹ 擁護しろ² | ようごせよ¹ ようごしろ² | yōgo seyo¹ yōgo shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 擁護される | ようごされる | yōgo sareru |
| Causative | 擁護させる 擁護さす | ようごさせる ようごさす | yōgo saseru yōgo sasu |
| Potential | 擁護できる | ようごできる | yōgo dekiru |
| Volitional | 擁護しよう | ようごしよう | yōgo shiyō |
| Negative | 擁護しない | ようごしない | yōgo shinai |
| Negative continuative | 擁護せず | ようごせず | yōgo sezu |
| Formal | 擁護します | ようごします | yōgo shimasu |
| Perfective | 擁護した | ようごした | yōgo shita |
| Conjunctive | 擁護して | ようごして | yōgo shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 擁護すれば | ようごすれば | yōgo sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 擁 | 護 |

### Noun

擁護 • (ongho) (hangeul 옹호)
* hanja form of 옹호 (“protection, safeguard, cover, support”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 擁 | 護 |

### Verb

擁護
* chữ Hán form of ủng hộ (“to support; to back”).