# 夏后
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Xiàhòu
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄏㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haa$^6$ hau$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Xiàhòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄏㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Siàhòu
*** Wade–Giles: Hsia$^4$-hou$^4$
*** Yale: Syà-hòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shiahhow
*** Palladius: Сяхоу (Sjaxou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haa$^6$ hau$^6$
*** Yale: hah hauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haa$^6$ hau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ha$^6$ heo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /haː²² hɐu̯²²/
* Middle Chinese: haeX huwX|huwH
Rime :
| Character | 夏 | 后 | 后 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) | 侯 (137) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I | I |
| Fanqie | 胡雅切 | 胡口切 | 胡遘切 |
| Baxter | haeX | huwX | huwH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠa$^X$/ | /ɦəu$^X$/ | /ɦəu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚa$^X$/ | /ɦəu$^X$/ | /ɦəu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣa$^X$/ | /ɣəu$^X$/ | /ɣəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨ$^X$/ | /ɦəw$^X$/ | /ɦəw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣa$^X$/ | /ɣu$^X$/ | /ɣu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣa$^X$/ | /ɣəu$^X$/ | /ɣəu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣa$^X$/ | /ɣə̯u$^X$/ | /ɣə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xià | hòu | hòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haa$^6$ | hau$^6$ | hau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤraʔ ɢˤ(r)oʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːʔ ɡoːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 夏 | 后 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xià | hòu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hæ$^X$ › | ‹ huw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ˁraʔ/ | /*ɢˁ(r)oʔ/ |
| English | great; pertaining to Chinese civilization | sovereign; queen |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 夏 | 后 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| No. | 13452 | 5168 |
| Phonetic component | 夏 | 后 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 下 | 厚 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡraːʔ/ | /*ɡoːʔ/ |

### Proper noun

夏后
* the Xia dynasty (2070 BCE – 1600 BCE)

#### Synonyms

* 夏 (Xià)
* 夏代 (Xiàdài)
* 夏后氏 (Xiàhòushì)
* 夏朝 (Xiàcháo)
* 夏氏 (Xiàshì)
* 夏王朝 (Xià Wángcháo)

#### See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history :
| Name | Time period | Divisions | Divisions |
| Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代) | 2070 – 1600 BCE | | |
| Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代) | 1600 – 1046 BCE | | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Western Zhou 西周 | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周／东周 | Spring and Autumn period 春秋 |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周／东周 | Warring States period 戰國／战国 |
| Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代) | 221 – 206 BCE | | |
| Han 漢／汉 (～朝, ～代) | 206 BCE – 220 C.E. | Western Han 西漢／西汉 | Western Han 西漢／西汉 |
| Xin 新 (～朝) ||
| Eastern Han 東漢／东汉 ||
| Three Kingdoms 三國／三国 | 220 – 280 C.E. | Wei 魏 | Wei 魏 |
| Shu Han 蜀漢／蜀汉 ||
| Wu 吳／吴 ||
| Jin 晉／晋 (～朝, ～代) | 265 – 420 C.E. | Western Jin 西晉／西晋 | Western Jin 西晉／西晋 |
| Eastern Jin 東晉／东晋 ||
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Wei 北魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Western Wei 西魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Eastern Wei 東魏／东魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Zhou 北周 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Qi 北齊／北齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liu Song 劉宋／刘宋 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Southern Qi 南齊／南齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Chen 陳／陈 (～朝, ～代) |
| Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代) | 581 – 618 C.E. | | |
| Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代) | 618 – 907 C.E. | | |
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國／五代十国 | 907 – 960 C.E. | | |
| Liao 遼／辽 (～朝, ～代) | 907 – 1125 C.E. | | |
| Song 宋 (～朝, ～代) | 960 – 1279 C.E. | Northern Song 北宋 | Northern Song 北宋 |
| Southern Song 南宋 ||
| Western Xia 西夏 | 1038 – 1227 C.E. | | |
| Jin 金 (～朝, ～代) | 1115 – 1234 C.E. | | |
| Western Liao 西遼／西辽 | 1124 – 1218 C.E. | | |
| Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代) | 1271 – 1368 C.E. | | |
| Ming 明 (～朝, ～代) | 1368 – 1644 C.E. | | |
| Qing 清 (～朝, ～代) | 1636 – 1912 C.E. | | |