# दास
## Hindi
### Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀸𑀲 (dāsa), from Sanskrit दास (dāsá).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /d̪ɑːs/, [d̪äːs]

### Noun

दास • (dās) m (feminine दासी, Urdu spelling داس)
* slave
    Synonym: ग़ुलाम (ġulām)
* servant
    Synonym: नौकर (naukar)

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dāsá$^1$”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “दास”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “दास”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
* Platts, John T. (1884) “दास”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “दास”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* dāsa (Latin script)
* 𑀤𑀸𑀲 (Brahmi script)
* দাস (Bengali script)
* දාස (Sinhalese script)
* ဒါသ or ၻႃသ (Burmese script)
* ทาส or ทาสะ (Thai script)
* ᨴᩤᩈ (Tai Tham script)
* ທາສ or ທາສະ (Lao script)
* ទាស (Khmer script)
* 𑄘𑄂𑄥 (Chakma script)

### Noun

दास m
* Devanagari script form of dāsa

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* দাস (Assamese script)
* ᬤᬵᬲ (Balinese script)
* দাস (Bengali script)
* 𑰟𑰯𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀤𑀸𑀲 (Brahmi script)
* ဒါသ (Burmese script)
* દાસ (Gujarati script)
* ਦਾਸ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌦𑌾𑌸 (Grantha script)
* ꦢꦴꦱ (Javanese script)
* 𑂠𑂰𑂮 (Kaithi script)
* ದಾಸ (Kannada script)
* ទាស (Khmer script)
* ທາສ (Lao script)
* ദാസ (Malayalam script)
* ᡩᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘟𑘰𑘭 (Modi script)
* ᢑᠠᢗᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦿𑧑𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐡𑐵𑐳 (Newa script)
* ଦାସ (Odia script)
* ꢣꢵꢱ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆢𑆳𑆱 (Sharada script)
* 𑖟𑖯𑖭 (Siddham script)
* දාස (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩭𑩛𑪁 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚛𑚭𑚨 (Takri script)
* த³ாஸ (Tamil script)
* దాస (Telugu script)
* ทาส (Thai script)
* དཱ་ས (Tibetan script)
* 𑒠𑒰𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨛𑨊𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Related to Proto-Indo-Iranian *dásyuš (“enemy, foreigner, foreign people, foreign land”), from Proto-Indo-European *des- (“enemy, foreigner”).
See also Old Persian 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎢 (d-h-y-a-u /⁠dahạyau⁠/, “land, country”), Persian ده, Old Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬒𐬌𐬌𐬎 (dax́iiu, “country”), Younger Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬣𐬵𐬎 (daŋ́hu). Ancient Greek δοῦλος (doûlos, “slave”) perhaps belongs in this group as well. Related to दस्यु (dasyu, “barbarian”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /dɑ́ː.sɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈd̪ɑː.s̪ɐ/

### Noun

दास • (dā́sa) stem, m (Ṛgvedic dáasa)
* demon
* barbarian, infidel
* servant
* Shudra
* devotee (of a god)
** 900-1100 AD; copied later, Arlo Griffiths, Kunthea Chhom, “A problematic inscription (K.1237)”, in Udaya: Journal of Khmer Studies‎, volume 14 (PDF), Yosothor, published 2019, halshs-02168837, page 10:វិវធ៌យន្តិយេទេវ ភូមិទាសាំគ្ច*ធាម្ម៌ិកាះ ស្វគ្គ៌េតេសវ្វ៌ទេវេន បូជ្យន្តាន្និត្យសំបទះ ៕ * Read គ្ច as ឝ្ចvivardhayanti ye deva bhūmidāsāṃś ca dhārmmikāḥ svargge te sarvvadevena pūjyantān nityasaṃpadaḥ ॥The pious ones who make the god's land and servants prosper, may they be honoured in heaven by all the gods and always be prosperous.

#### Descendants

* Ashokan Prakrit:
** Prakrit:
*** Helu Prakrit:
**** Sinhalese: දාසයා (dāsayā)
*** Khasa Prakrit:
**** Nepali: दास (dās)
*** Magadhi Prakrit:
**** Kamarupi Prakrit:
***** Early Assamese:
****** Middle Assamese:
******* Assamese: দাস (dax)
**** Old Bengali:
***** Middle Bengali:
****** Bengali: দাস (daś)
*** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀲 (dāsa)
**** Romani: das
*** Hindi: दास (dās)
* Pali: dāsa
* → Old Javanese: dāsa
** > Javanese: ꦢꦱ (dasa) (inherited)
** → Balinese: ᬤᬵᬲ (dasa)
* → Telugu: దాసుడు (dāsuḍu)
* → Thai: ทาส (tâat)

### References

* ↑ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 179