# 麻布
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mábù
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maa$^4$ bou$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mà-pu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ma$^2$ bu$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): môa-pò͘
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): mua$^5$ beu$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mábù
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mábù
*** Wade–Giles: ma$^2$-pu$^4$
*** Yale: má-bù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mabuh
*** Palladius: мабу (mabu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mä³⁵ pu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maa$^4$ bou$^3$
*** Yale: màh bou
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maa$^4$ bou$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ma$^4$ bou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /maː²¹ pou̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mà-pu
*** Hakka Romanization System: ma$^ˇ$ bu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ma$^2$ bu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ma¹¹ pu⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ma$^2$ bu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ma¹¹ pu⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa-pò͘
*** Tâi-lô: muâ-pòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: moa'pox
*** IPA (Xiamen): /muã²⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /muã²⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /muã¹³⁻²² pɔ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /muã²⁴⁻¹¹ pɔ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /muã²³⁻³³ pɔ²¹/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: mua$^5$ beu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /mua²² pɛu²¹/

### Noun

麻布
* linen cloth; hemp cloth

#### Derived terms

* 粗麻布 (cūmábù)
* 麻布袋 (mábùdài)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 麻 | 布 |
| あさ Grade: S | ぬの Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi ||
Compound of Old Japanese elements 麻 (asa, “hemp, ramie”) +‎ 布 (nuno, “woven cloth other than silk”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あさぬの [àsánúnó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠sa̠nɯ̟no̞]

#### Noun

麻(あさ)布(ぬの) • (asanuno)
* cloth woven of hemp or ramie, similar to linen

##### Usage notes

This appears to be the most common term for hempen cloth.

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 麻 | 布 |
| あさ Grade: S | ふ Grade: 5 |
| yutōyomi ||
Compound of 麻 (asa, “hemp, ramie”) +‎ 布 (fu, “woven cloth”). This uses the on'yomi of fu for 布, deriving from Middle Chinese 布 (pu$^H$); compare modern Mandarin reading bù.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [a̠sa̠ɸɯ̟]

#### Noun

麻(あさ)布(ふ) • (asafu)
* (obsolete) cloth woven of hemp or ramie, similar to linen

##### Usage notes

This term appears to be used in modern Japanese. It is not included in the Shinmeikai monolingual Japanese dictionary, nor in the Daijirin monolingual Japanese dictionary.

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 麻 | 布 |
| あざ Grade: S | ぶ Grade: 5 |
| irregular ||
Most likely a compound of Old Japanese elements 麻 (asa, “hemp, ramie”) +‎ 生 (fu, “place where things grow”), given that the Azabu area was known in ancient times as a place for growing hemp or ramie.
This fu element also appears in terms such as 粟生 (awafu, “a field for growing millet”) and 豆生, 豆田 (mamefu, “a field for growing beans”). The use of 布 to spell the fu portion would be an example of ateji, probably influenced by the way that hemp is used to make cloth (布).
The reasons for the shift in pronunciation from asafu to azabu remain unclear.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [a̠za̠bɯ̟]

#### Proper noun

麻(あざ)布(ぶ) • (Azabu)
* Azabu (an area in Minato, Tokyo)

#### Adjective

麻(あざ)布(ぶ) • (azabu) -na (adnominal 麻(あざ)布(ぶ)な (azabu na), adverbial 麻(あざ)布(ぶ)に (azabu ni))
* (dated) of unknown intent
    This usage developed from the idiom. See Idioms below for details.
** 何事も麻布にて、様々どうらくをなし給ふ
    なにごともあざぶにて、さまざまどうらくをなしたまふ
    Nanigoto mo azabu ni te, samazama dōraku o nashitamau...
       Everything of [his] real intentions is unknown, and [he] amuses himself with various diversions...

##### Idioms

* 麻布(あざぶ)で気(き)が知(し)れぬ (azabu de ki ga shirenu): “you can't figure out the feeling [intent] in Azabu” → based on a pun on the phrase “you can't figure out [identify] the trees in Azabu”, substituting 気 (ki, “sense, intent, feeling”) for 木 (ki, “tree”), appearing in print in 1763. This derives from the way that the Azabu area includes the Roppongi neighborhood. Although Roppongi is spelled as 六本木 (“six trees”), there have not been any trees in the area that would match this description for quite some time.

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 麻 | 布 |
| ま Grade: S | ふ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese compound 麻布 (mæ pu$^H$). Compare modern Mandarin reading mábù.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まふ [máꜜfù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ma̠ɸɯ̟]

#### Noun

麻(ま)布(ふ) • (mafu)
* (rare) cloth woven of hemp or ramie, similar to linen

##### Usage notes

This term appears to be less commonly used. It is not included in the Shinmeikai monolingual Japanese dictionary.

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ 1763: Hiraga Gennai, Nenashigusa (a dangibon)