# 欃槍
## Chinese
### Etymology

Unclear. The form 欃槍 was the one preferred by the Erya (《爾雅》). The Han-era writer Sima Xiangru (2nd century BCE) used the word in a 賦 (“rhymed prose”), where both forms, 欃槍/攙搶, were attested in different editions of the same text.
    From: Sima Xiangru (司馬相如), 2nd century BCE. The Supreme One (《大人賦》).
    Lǎn chánchēng yǐ wéi jīng xī, mí qūhóng ér wéi tāo. [Pinyin]
    He grasps a comet to adorn his flag, and cuts off a rainbow arc as flagpole.
The Guangyun (《廣韻》) suggests an alliterative (雙聲) reading of the form 攙搶 (MC tsrhaem tshjang|tsrhjangX|tshjangX) < 攙搶 (OC *sʰraːm sʰaŋ/sʰaŋʔ/sʰraŋʔ), which is corroborated by the parallel alliteration of 屈虹 (MC kjut kaewngH) < 屈虹 (OC *klud kroːŋs) at the matching position in the next line.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chánchēng
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˊ ㄔㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caam$^4$ caang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chánchēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˊ ㄔㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cháncheng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻan$^2$-chʻêng$^1$
*** Yale: chán-chēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charncheng
*** Palladius: чаньчэн (čanʹčɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caam$^4$ caang$^1$
*** Yale: chàahm chāang
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam$^4$ tsaang$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cam$^4$ cang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːm²¹ t͡sʰaːŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dzream tsrhaeng
Rime :
| Character | 欃 | 槍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 咸 (151) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 士咸切 | 楚庚切 |
| Baxter | dzream | tsrhaeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʒˠɛm/ | /t͡ʃʰˠæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖ͡ʐᵚæm/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʒɐm/ | /t͡ʃʰaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖ͡ʐəɨm/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʒɐm/ | /t͡ʃʰɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʒɐm/ | /t͡ʃʰɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɖ͡ʐʱăm/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chán | chēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caam$^4$ | cang$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zrɯːm sʰraːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 欃 | 槍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1224 | 1147 |
| Phonetic component | 毚 | 倉 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 讒 | 鎗 |
| Old Chinese | /*zrɯːm/ | /*sʰraːŋ/ |

### Noun

欃槍
* (obsolete, literary, chiefly poetic) comet

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 彗星, 彗, 帚星, 欃槍, 掃星 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 彗星 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 掃帚星 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 掃帚星, 掃把星 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 掃帚星 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 掃把星 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 掃把星 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 掃帚星 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 掃把星 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 掃帚星 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Wuchang (Yingchengzi) | 掃帚星 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 掃帚星 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 掃帚星 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xianxian (Xiaoying) | 掃帚星 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 掃帚星 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 掃帚星 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Weicheng) | 掃帚星 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Fangzi) | 掃帚星 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Changle | 掃帚星 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shouguang | 掃帚星 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Rizhao | 掃帚星 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Wulian | 掃帚星 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 掃帚星 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 掃帚星 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 掃帚星 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Weifang (Hanting) | 掃帚星 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Changyi | 掃帚星 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Gaomi | 掃帚星 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 掃帚星 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Anqiu | 掃帚星 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Linqu | 掃帚星 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingzhou | 掃帚星 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 掃帚星 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 掃帚星 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 掃帚星 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 掃帚星 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 掃帚星 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 掃帚星 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 掃帚星 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 掃帚星 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Qimen (Anling Junhua) | 掃把星 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 掃帚星 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 掃帚星 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 掃帚星 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 掃帚星 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 掃帚星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 掃把星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanbu | 掃把星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 掃帚星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 掃把星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 掃把星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 掃帚星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin (Lingui) | 彗星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 掃把星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou (Luorong) | 彗星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Fujian) | 掃星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 掃把星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 掃把星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 火星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yongzhou | 掃帚星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 掃把星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 笤帚星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 掃把星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 掃把星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 掃帚星 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Oudomxay | 掃帚星 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 掃帚星 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 掃帚星 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 掃帚星 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 掃把星, 彗星 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 掃把星, 彗星 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 掃把星, 彗星 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 星賴屎 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 掃扒星 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 鬼火 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 彗星 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Chongkoumen, Nanlang; Tanka) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 掃桿星 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 掃桿星 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 掃桿星 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 彗星 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 掃把星, 彗星 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 彗星 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 掃把星, 掃宅星 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 掃桿星 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 掃桿星 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jintian) | 彗星, 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jiangkou) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Pingnan (Danzhu) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 彗星 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 彗星 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 彗星 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 彗星 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 掃星 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Chongzuo (Laituan) | 魂頭星 |
| Cantonese | Fusui (Qujiu) | 魂頭星, 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Pingle (Majia) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Pingle (Shuishan) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) | 彗星, 掃桿把星 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 掃把星 |
| Cantonese | Bangkok (Guangfu) | 彗星 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 掃帚星 |
| Gan | Pengze | 掃帚星 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 掃帚星 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 掃把星 |
| Gan | Liuyang | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 祛把星 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 星瀉屎 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 彗星 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 桿掃星, 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 人殃頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 出人殃 |
| Hakka | Nanxiong (Zhuji) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 天星過位 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 彗星 |
| Hakka | Changting | 掃帚星 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 星瀉屎 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 桿掃星 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 桿掃星 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 掃星 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 芒掃星 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 桿掃星 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 芒掃星 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 掃把星, 長尾星 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 掃把星, 長尾星 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Shahe) | 彗星, 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Longtan) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Lingping) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) | 彗星 |
| Hakka | Xingye (Gaofeng) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 彗星 |
| Hakka | Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Pontianak (Meixian) | 掃把星 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Jiexi) | 彗星 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 笤帚星, 掃帚星 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 笤帚星 |
| Huizhou | Qimen (Anling Minhua) | 掃帚星 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 掃帚星, 掃星 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 掃帚星 |
| Jin | Datong | 掃帚星 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 掃帚星 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 掃帚星 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 亮星 |
| Jin | Linhe | 掃帚星 |
| Jin | Jining | 掃帚星 |
| Jin | Liangcheng | 掃帚星 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 掃帚星 |
| Jin | Baotou | 掃帚星 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 掃帚星 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 掃帚星 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 彗星 |
| Jin | Handan | 掃帚星 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 掃帚星 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 掃帚星, 筅帚星 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 掃帚星, 拖尾星, 歹星 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 掃帚星, 賊星 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 掃帚星, 長尾星, 疶屎星, 落屎星, 反亂星, 反星 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 疶屎星, 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 掃帚星, 落屎星 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 掃帚星, 疶屎星 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 長尾星 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 彗星 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Yun'ao) | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 掃茜星 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 彗星 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 彗星 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 掃帚星 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 掃把星 |
| Southern Min | Wanning | 掃把星 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 掃帚星 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 掃帚星 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 掃帚星 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 掃把星 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 掃把星 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Shajing) | 彗星 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Xiuxiang) | 掃把星 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Sucun) | 掃把星 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 彗星 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang (Xinqiao) | 掃把星 |
| Southern Pinghua | Liucheng (Yangmei) | 彗星 |
| Southern Pinghua | Luocheng (Niubi) | 星子飆弓 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 掃巴星 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Chaoyang) | 彗星 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dongbianzhou) | 彗星 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Zhuyuan) | 掃把星 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dabu) | 流流星 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Qianjing) | 掃桿星 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) | 掃把星, 彗星 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liangjiang, Lingui) | 彗星 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) | 掃桿星 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 掃鼓星 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Gaoqiao) | 掃管子星 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Tanxia) | 掃把星 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 掃把星 |
| Northern Pinghua | Pingle (Zhangjia) | 掃把星 |
| Northern Pinghua | Yangshuo (Jima) | 彗星 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 掃帚星 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Liangjiatan) | 掃帚星 |
| Waxiang | Chengbu (Xuntou) | 掃帚星 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 彗星, 掃帚星 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 掃帚星 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 掃帚星 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 掃帚星 |
| Wu | Danyang | 掃帚星 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 掃帚星 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 彗星 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 掃帚星 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 搽掃星, 妖星 |
| Wu | Longquan | 掃帚星 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 掃帚星, 笤帚星 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 掃把星 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) | 掃把星 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 掃帚星 |
| Xiang | Hengshan (Baiguo) | 彗星 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 彗星 |
| Xiang | Guanyang (Wenshi) | 彗星 |
| Xiang | Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) | 掃把星 |