# 長子
## Chinese
### Etymology 1

* 長子 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 長子 (Cantonese)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǎngzǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ ㄗˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng$^2$ zi$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chóng-chṳ́
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dyong$^3$ zo$^3$ / dyeng$^3$ zo$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tióng-chú / tióng-chír / tiáng-chú
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎngzǐ [Phonetic: zhángzǐ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎngzǐh
*** Wade–Giles: chang$^3$-tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: jǎng-dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaangtzyy
*** Palladius: чжанцзы (čžanczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$長姊／长姊 長子／长子
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoeng$^2$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: jéung jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng$^2$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêng$^2$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$長姊／长姊 長子／长子
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chóng-chṳ́
*** Hakka Romanization System: zong$^ˋ$ zii$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zong$^3$ zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dyong$^3$ zo$^3$ [Phonetic: dyong$^5$ no$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /tyɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡s-)}$no⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dyeng$^3$ zo$^3$ [Phonetic: dyeng$^5$ no$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /tyøŋ³³²⁻²¹ $^{(t͡s-)}$nɵ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tióng-chú
*** Tâi-lô: tióng-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diofngzuo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tióng-chír
*** Tâi-lô: tióng-tsír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiáng-chú
*** Tâi-lô: tiáng-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diafngzuo
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: trjangX tsiX
Rime :
| Character | 長 | 子 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 知丈切 | 即里切 |
| Baxter | trjangX | tsiX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈɨɐŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈiɐŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiɑŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈɨaŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶiaŋ$^X$/ | /t͡siə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭaŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶi̯aŋ$^X$/ | /t͡si$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǎng | zǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoeng$^2$ | zi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*traŋʔ tsəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*taŋʔ ʔslɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 長 | 子 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhǎng | zǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trjang$^X$ › | ‹ tsi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*traŋʔ/ | /*tsəʔ/ |
| English | grow; elder | child; gentleman, master |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 長 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1263 | 17857 |
| Phonetic component | 長 | 子 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 長 | 子 |
| Old Chinese | /*taŋʔ/ | /*ʔslɯʔ/ |

#### Noun

長子
* eldest son
* (rare) eldest child

##### Synonyms

* (eldest son):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 長子, 長男, 家督 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 長子, 長男 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 大兒子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 大兒子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 大兒子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 大兒, 大兒子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 大兒郎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 大兒子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 大娃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 大兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 大尕娃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 大兒子, 大兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 大兒子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 大兒子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 大兒子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 大兒子, 大兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 大兒子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 大兒子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 大崽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 大兒子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 大兒子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 大仔, 頭長仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 大仔 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 大仔 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 大崽 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 大崽 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 大崽, 大倈, 大倈牯 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 大倈仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 長頭仔 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 大倈 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 大倈子 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 大倈子 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 大仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 大子 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 大倈仔, 大漢個, 大貨仔, 長子 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 長子 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 大倈仔, 大漢個, 大貨仔, 長子 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 長子 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 長子 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 大後生 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 大兒子, 長子 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 大小子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 大兒, 大小子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 大囝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 大囝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 大囝, 大後生, 大漢囝, 大漢後生 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 大囝, 大後生, 大漢囝, 大漢後生 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 大囝, 大後生, 大漢囝, 大漢後生 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 大囝, 大漢囝, 大漢後生 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 序大後生 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 大囝, 大漢囝 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 大漢囝, 序大後生 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 大囝 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 大囝 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 大囝 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 大囝 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 大崽 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 大兒子 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 大兒子 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 大兒子 |
| Wu | Danyang | 大兒子, 大鬼 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 大兒子, 當大兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 大兒子, 當大兒子 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 當大兒 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 大兒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 大崽 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 大崽 |

##### Derived terms

* 嫡長子／嫡长子 (dízhǎngzǐ)
* 長子得／长子得

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 長(ちょう)子(し) (chōshi)
* → Korean: 장자(長子) (jangja)
* → Vietnamese: trưởng tử (長子)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Zhǎngzǐ, Chángzǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ ㄗˇ, ㄔㄤˊ ㄗˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Zhǎngzǐ [Phonetic: zhángzǐ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Jhǎngzǐh
*** Wade–Giles: Chang$^3$-tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: Jǎng-dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jaangtzyy
*** Palladius: Чжанцзы (Čžanczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$長姊／长姊 長子／长子
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Chángzǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Chángzǐh
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻang$^2$-tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: Cháng-dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Charngtzyy
*** Palladius: Чанцзы (Čanczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

#### Proper noun

長子
* (～縣) Zhangzi (a county of Changzhi, Shanxi, China)

##### Descendants

* → English: Ch'ang-tzu, Zhangzi

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chángzi
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ ˙ㄗ
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhan$^2$ zr
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chángzi
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ ˙ㄗ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chángzi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: chʻang$^2$-tzŭ$^5$
*** Yale: cháng-dz
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charng.tzy
*** Palladius: чанцзы (čanczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$場子／场子 腸子／肠子
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: zhan$^2$ zr
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂan¹³ t͡sz̩³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /t͡san¹³ t͡sz̩³/

#### Noun

長子
* tall person

##### Synonyms

* (Xiang) 高子

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “长子”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 181.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 長 | 子 |
| ちょう Grade: 2 | し Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

Compound of 長 (“long; elder”) +‎ 子 (“child”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɕo̞ːɕi]

### Noun

長(ちょう)子(し) • (chōshi)
* eldest son; firstborn son
* (rare) eldest child

#### See also

| | son | daughter | child (rare) |
| one's first | 長(ちょう)男(なん) (chōnan), 一(いち)男(なん) (ichinan), 長(ちょう)子(し) (chōshi) | 長(ちょう)女(じょ) (chōjo), 一(いち)女(じょ) (ichijo) | 長(ちょう)子(し) (chōshi) |
| one's second | 次(じ)男(なん) (jinan), 二(じ)男(なん) (jinan), 次(じ)子(し) (jishi) | 次(じ)女(じょ) (jijo), 二(じ)女(じょ) (jijo) | 次(じ)子(し) (jishi) |
| one's third | 三(さん)男(なん) (sannan) | 三(さん)女(じょ) (sanjo) | - |

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 長 | 子 |

### Noun

長子 • (jangja) (hangeul 장자)
* hanja form of 장자 (“eldest son”)