# 反映
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fǎnyìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˇ ㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faan$^2$ jing$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fán-yang
* Eastern Min (BUC): huāng-ióng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoán-èng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^2$ iang$^3$ / huêng$^2$ iang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$fe-in
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǎnyìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˇ ㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǎnyìng
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^3$-ying$^4$
*** Yale: fǎn-yìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faanyinq
*** Palladius: фаньин (fanʹin)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$反應／反应 反映
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faan$^2$ jing$^2$
*** Yale: fáan yíng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faan$^2$ jing$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fan$^2$ ying$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːn³⁵ jɪŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fán-yang
*** Hakka Romanization System: fan$^ˋ$ iang
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fan$^3$ yang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fan³¹ i̯aŋ⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fán-yang
*** Hakka Romanization System: fan$^ˋ$ (r)iang
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fan$^3$ yang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fan³¹ (j)i̯aŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huāng-ióng
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋyɔŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoán-èng
*** Tâi-lô: huán-ìng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoafn'exng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /huan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /huan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^2$ iang$^3$ / huêng$^2$ iang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huáng iàng / huéng iàng
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ iaŋ²¹³/, /hueŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ iaŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$fe-in
*** MiniDict: fe$^去$ in
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$fe-in
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fe³³ in⁴⁴/

### Verb

反映
* (literally) to reflect; to mirror
       Yuèyè lǐ, xiǎojìng shàng fǎnyìng zhù yīxiē shū shū luòluò de zhīyè yīnyǐng. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 清．袁枚《游桂林諸山記》
    Kāimén qū wǎng, mén zhī, jìng shì juébì. Fāng zhī rìguāng cóng xī xià chuān rù, fǎnyìng bì shàng zuò liàng, fēi mén yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (figuratively) to indicate; to reflect
       Zhè bù xiǎoshuō fǎnyìng le yī ge fēngjiàn jiātíng de bàiluò. [Pinyin]
       The novel reflects the decline of a feudal family.
       Shīzhèng mǎnyì dù de diàochá, shì fǎnyìng mínqíng de fāngfǎ zhīyī. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 2011-09-29, Southern Rural News, “搓板路”反映的是对公共利益的漠视和轻慢
    Tā cóng gēnběn shàng fǎnyìng de shì duì gōnggòng lìyì de mòshì hé qīngmàn. [Pinyin]
    It essentially reflects the indifference to and disregard for public interest.
* to express an opinion (usually criticism) to a higher echelon; to report

#### Synonyms

* (to reflect): 反照 (fǎnzhào), 反射 (fǎnshè)
* (to indicate): 表明 (biǎomíng), 顯示／显示 (xiǎnshì), 說明／说明 (shuōmíng), 體現／体现 (tǐxiàn), 折射 (zhéshè)
* (to report): 報告／报告 (bàogào), 轉達／转达 (zhuǎndá), 稟告／禀告 (bǐnggào)

### Noun

反映
* reflection; image; indication
       Zuòjiā bǐ xià de wénxué zuòpǐn, wǎngwǎng shì tā gèrén shēnghuó tǐyàn de fǎnyìng. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Usage notes

Sometimes erroneously used interchangeably with its Mandarin homophone 反應／反应 (fǎnyìng).

### Derived terms

* 反映論／反映论 (fǎnyìnglùn)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 反映(はんえい) (han'ei)
* → Korean: 반영(反映) (banyeong)
* → Vietnamese: phản ánh (反映)

### References

* “Entry #35212”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 反 | 映 |
| はん Grade: 3 | えい Grade: 6 |
| kan'on ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はんえー [hàń'éé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [hã̠ɰ̃e̞ː]

### Noun

反(はん)映(えい) • (han'ei)
* reflection

#### Derived terms

* 反(はん)映(えい)論(ろん) (han'eiron)

### Verb

反(はん)映(えい)する • (han'ei suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 反(はん)映(えい)し (han'ei shi), past 反(はん)映(えい)した (han'ei shita))
* to reflect
** 1932, Denji Kuroshima, Meiji no sensō bungaku‎:
    明(めい)治(じ)年(ねん)間(かん)、殊(こと)に、日(にっ)清(しん)戦(せん)争(そう)から、日(にち)露(ろ)戦(せん)争(そう)前(ぜん)後(ご)にかけての期(き)間(かん)は、最(もっと)も軍(ぐん)国(こく)主(しゅ)義(ぎ)的(てき)精(せい)神(しん)が、国(こく)内(ない)に横(おう)溢(いつ)した時(じ)期(き)だった。そして、これは明(めい)治(じ)時(じ)代(だい)の作(さっ)家(か)の、そのかなり大(だい)部(ぶ)分(ぶん)のイデオロギーにも反(はん)映(えい)せずにはいなかった。
       Meiji nenkan, koto ni, Nisshin Sensō kara, Nichiro Sensō zengo ni kakete no kikan wa, mottomo gunkoku shugi-teki seishin ga, kokunai ni ōitsu shita jiki datta. Soshite, kore wa Meiji jidai no sakka no, sono kanari daibubun no ideorogī ni mo han'ei sezu ni wa inakatta.
       During the Meiji era, especially the period from the Sino-Japanese War to around the time of the Russo-Japanese War was a time when the spirit of the militarism was most prevalent in Japan. And then this could not help reflecting in ideology of the greater part of writers in the Meiji era.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 反映し | はんえいし | han'ei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 反映し | はんえいし | han'ei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 反映する | はんえいする | han'ei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 反映する | はんえいする | han'ei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 反映すれ | はんえいすれ | han'ei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 反映せよ¹ 反映しろ² | はんえいせよ¹ はんえいしろ² | han'ei seyo¹ han'ei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 反映される | はんえいされる | han'ei sareru |
| Causative | 反映させる 反映さす | はんえいさせる はんえいさす | han'ei saseru han'ei sasu |
| Potential | 反映できる | はんえいできる | han'ei dekiru |
| Volitional | 反映しよう | はんえいしよう | han'ei shiyō |
| Negative | 反映しない | はんえいしない | han'ei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 反映せず | はんえいせず | han'ei sezu |
| Formal | 反映します | はんえいします | han'ei shimasu |
| Perfective | 反映した | はんえいした | han'ei shita |
| Conjunctive | 反映して | はんえいして | han'ei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 反映すれば | はんえいすれば | han'ei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 反 | 映 |

### Noun

反映 • (banyeong) (hangeul 반영)
* hanja form of 반영 (“reflection”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 反 | 映 |

### Verb

反映
* chữ Hán form of phản ánh (“to reflect”).