# 深淵
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shēnyuān
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ ㄩㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sam$^1$ jyun$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhim-ian
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēnyuān
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ ㄩㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shenyuan
*** Wade–Giles: shên$^1$-yüan$^1$
*** Yale: shēn-ywān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheniuan
*** Palladius: шэньюань (šɛnʹjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂən⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$深淵／深渊 申冤
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sam$^1$ jyun$^1$
*** Yale: sām yūn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sam$^1$ jyn$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sem$^1$ yun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐm⁵⁵ jyːn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhim-ian
*** Tâi-lô: tshim-ian
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chim'iefn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰim³³ iɛn³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: syim 'wen
Rime :
| Character | 深 | 淵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) | 先 (86) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 式針切 | 烏玄切 |
| Baxter | syim | 'wen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕiɪm/ | /ʔwen/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕim/ | /ʔʷen/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕjem/ | /ʔuɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕim/ | /ʔwɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiəm/ | /ʔuen/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭĕm/ | /iwen/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɕi̯əm/ | /ʔiwen/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shēn | yuān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sam$^1$ | jyun$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l̥][ə]m [ʔ]ʷˤi[ŋ]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljum qʷiːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 深 | 淵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shēn | yuān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syim › | ‹ ʔwen › |
| Old Chinese | /*[l̥][ə]m/ | /*[ʔ]ʷˁi[ŋ]/ |
| English | deep | abyss |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 深 | 淵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11255 | 16099 |
| Phonetic component | 罙 | 淵 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 深 | 淵 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljum/ | /*qʷiːn/ |

### Noun

深淵
* (literally) abyss
* (figurative) abyss; catastrophic situation
* (heraldry) abyss (center of an escutcheon)

#### Synonyms

* (abyss): (literary, figurative) 龍潭／龙潭 (lóngtán)

#### Derived terms

* 如臨深淵／如临深渊 (rúlínshēnyuān)
* 挑戰者深淵／挑战者深渊 (Tiǎozhànzhě Shēnyuān)
* 深淵薄冰／深渊薄冰
* 萬丈深淵／万丈深渊

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 深淵(しんえん) (shin'en)
* → Korean: 심연(深淵) (simyeon)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 深 | 淵 |
| しん Grade: 3 | えん Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

深(しん)淵(えん) • (shin'en)
* abyss

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 深 | 淵 |

### Noun

深淵 • (simyeon) (hangeul 심연)
* hanja form of 심연 (“abyss”)