OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# توجهين
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

تَوْجُهِينَ • (tawjuhīna) (form I) /taw.d͡ʒu.hiː.na/
* second-person feminine singular non-past active indicative of وَجُهَ (wajuha)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

توجهين (form II)
* تُوَجِّهِينَ (tuwajjihīna) /tu.wad͡ʒ.d͡ʒi.hiː.na/: second-person feminine singular non-past active indicative of وَجَّهَ (wajjaha)
* تُوَجَّهِينَ (tuwajjahīna) /tu.wad͡ʒ.d͡ʒa.hiː.na/: second-person feminine singular non-past passive indicative of وَجَّهَ (wajjaha)
# تتنسرين
## Arabic
### Verb

تَتَنَسَّرِينَ • (tatanassarīna) (form V) /ta.ta.nas.sa.riː.na/
* second-person feminine singular non-past active indicative of تَنَسَّرَ (tanassara)
# تعبرن
## Arabic
### Verb

تعبرن (form I)
* تَعْبُرْنَ (taʕburna) /taʕ.bur.na/: second-person feminine plural non-past active indicative/subjunctive/jussive of عَبَرَ (ʕabara)
* تُعْبَرْنَ (tuʕbarna) /tuʕ.bar.na/: second-person feminine plural non-past passive indicative/subjunctive/jussive of عَبَرَ (ʕabara)
# تعبس
## Arabic
### Verb

تعبس (form I)
* تَعْبِسُ (taʕbisu) /taʕ.bi.su/: inflection of عَبَسَ (ʕabasa):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active indicative
** third-person feminine singular non-past active indicative
* تَعْبِسَ (taʕbisa) /taʕ.bi.sa/: inflection of عَبَسَ (ʕabasa):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active subjunctive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active subjunctive
* تَعْبِسْ (taʕbis) /taʕ.bis/: inflection of عَبَسَ (ʕabasa):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
# تعبدين
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

تعبدين (form I)
* تَعْبُدِينَ (taʕbudīna) /taʕ.bu.diː.na/: second-person feminine singular non-past active indicative of عَبَدَ (ʕabada)
* تُعْبَدِينَ (tuʕbadīna) /tuʕ.ba.diː.na/: second-person feminine singular non-past passive indicative of عَبَدَ (ʕabada)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

تعبدين (form II)
* تُعَبِّدِينَ (tuʕabbidīna) /tu.ʕab.bi.diː.na/: second-person feminine singular non-past active indicative of عَبَّدَ (ʕabbada)
* تُعَبَّدِينَ (tuʕabbadīna) /tu.ʕab.ba.diː.na/: second-person feminine singular non-past passive indicative of عَبَّدَ (ʕabbada)
# تعبسوا
## Arabic
### Verb

تَعْبِسُوا • (taʕbisū) (form I) /taʕ.bi.suː/
* second-person masculine plural non-past active subjunctive/jussive of عَبَسَ (ʕabasa)
# توصيلة
## Arabic

* Root
* و ص ل (w ṣ l)
* 22 terms

### Etymology

تَوْصِيل (tawṣīl) +‎ ـَة (-a)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taw.sˤiː.la/

### Noun

تَوْصِيلَة • (tawṣīla) f (plural تَوْصِيلَات (tawṣīlāt))
* delivery, ride, the conveyance of a thing or more things or persons to another place
* fare, the pay for a conveyance from one place to the other
** 2018, وَجْدِيّ الْأَهْدَل [wajdiyy al-ʔahdal], أرض المؤامرات السعيدة, Bayrūt: Nawfal / Hachette Antoine, →ISBN, page 130:وصلنا إلى رصيف القوارب، أردتُ أن أُناوله الأجرة المُتّفق عليها، لكنّه رفض أخذها، أشار إلى تاتيانا وقال: «إكراماً لهذه المرأة الطيّبة التوصيلة على حسابي».We reached the boat pier, I wanted to fork him out an appropriate sum, but refused taking it, pointing at Tatyana he said: “To tribute this good woman the fare goes on me.”
* a technical interface or connection point, socket
* power strip

#### Declension
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic تَوْصِيلَة (tawṣīla).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tawˈsˤiːla/

### Noun

تَوْصيلة • (tawṣīla) f (plural تَوْصيلات (tawṣīlāt))
* power strip, extension block, power board
# توصیه کردن
## Persian
### Verb

توصیه کردن • (towsiye kardan)
* to recommend
# تۄژھ
## Kashmiri
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit त्वच् (tvac).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔt͡sʰ/

### Noun

تۄژھ • (tọtsh) f (Devanagari त्वछ़, Sharada 𑆠𑇀𑆮𑆗𑇊𑇀)
* skin
    Synonym: ژَم (ċam)
* connective tissue
* power, strength
# تۆؤرتمینجی
## Khalaj
### Adjective

تۆؤرتمینجی (tü̂örtminci)
* Arabic spelling of tü̂örtminci (“fourth”)
# خاد
## Moroccan Arabic

* Root
* ء خ د
* 2 terms

### Alternative forms

* خدى (ḵda)

### Etymology

From Arabic أَخَذَ (ʔaḵaḏa). Compare Maltese ħa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xaːd/

### Verb

خاد • (ḵād) I (non-past ياخد (yāḵud))
* to take

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of خاد :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | خدت (ḵadt) | خدتي (ḵadti) | خاد (ḵād) | خدنا (ḵadna) | خدتوا (ḵadtu) | خادوا (ḵādu) |
| past | f | خدت (ḵadt) | خدتي (ḵadti) | خادت (ḵādet) | خدنا (ḵadna) | خدتوا (ḵadtu) | خادوا (ḵādu) |
| non-past | m | ناخد (nāḵud) | تاخد (tāḵud) | ياخد (yāḵud) | ناخدوا (nāḵdu) | تاخدوا (tāḵdu) | ياخدوا (yāḵdu) |
| non-past | f | ناخد (nāḵud) | تاخدي (tāḵdi) | تاخد (tāḵud) | ناخدوا (nāḵdu) | تاخدوا (tāḵdu) | ياخدوا (yāḵdu) |
| imperative | m | | خود (ḵūd) | | | خودوا (ḵūdu) | |
| imperative | f | | خودي (ḵūdi) | | | خودوا (ḵūdu) | |
# ثانوی اسکول
## Urdu
### Noun

ثانَوی اِسْکُول • (sānavī iskūl) ? (Hindi spelling सानौी इस्कूल)
* secondary school
# جیرجیرک
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒiːɾ.d͡ʒiː.ɾak]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒiːɾ.d͡ʒiː.ɾäk]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒiːɾ.d͡ʒiː.ɾäk]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒiːɾ.d͡ʒiː.ɾäk]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒiɾ.d͡ʒi.ɾäk]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒiːɹ.d͡ʒiː.ɹækʲ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒiɾ.d͡ʒi.ɾäk]

### Noun

جیرجیرک • (jirjirak)
* cricket (insect)
# خنازير الأرض
## Arabic
### Noun

خَنَازِير اَلْأَرْض • (ḵanāzīr al-ʔarḍ) m pl
* plural of خِنْزِير الأَرْض (ḵinzīr al-ʔarḍ)
# حشى
## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ح ش ي
* 1 term

### Etymology

From Arabic حَشَا (ḥašā), present يَحْشُو (yaḥšū).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.ʃa/, [ˈħa.ʃa]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

حشى • (ḥaša) I (present بحشي (biḥši))
* to stuff, to fill
    Synonyms: عبّى (ʕabba), ملّى (malla)

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of حشى (ḥaša) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | حشيت (ḥašēt) | حشيت (ḥašēt) | حشى (ḥaša) | حشينا (ḥašēna) | حشيتو (ḥašētu) | حشو (ḥašu) |
| past | f | حشيت (ḥašēt) | حشيتي (ḥašēti) | حشت (ḥašat) | حشينا (ḥašēna) | حشيتو (ḥašētu) | حشو (ḥašu) |
| present | m | بحشي (baḥši) | بتحشي (btiḥši) | بيحشي (biḥši) | منحشي (mniḥši) | بتحشو (btiḥšu) | بحشو (biḥšu) |
| present | f | بحشي (baḥši) | بتحشي (btiḥši) | بتحشي (btiḥši) | منحشي (mniḥši) | بتحشو (btiḥšu) | بحشو (biḥšu) |
| subjunctive | m | احشي (aḥši) | تحشي (tiḥši) | يحشي (yiḥši) | نحشي (niḥši) | تحشو (tiḥšu) | يحشو (yiḥšu) |
| subjunctive | f | احشي (aḥši) | تحشي (tiḥši) | تحشي (tiḥši) | نحشي (niḥši) | تحشو (tiḥšu) | يحشو (yiḥšu) |
| imperative | m | | احشي (iḥši) | | | احشو (iḥšu) | |
| imperative | f | | احشي (iḥši) | | | احشو (iḥšu) | |
# حصاة
## Arabic

* Root
* ح ص ي (ḥ ṣ y)
* 7 terms
* Root
* ح ص و (ḥ ṣ w)
* 7 terms

### Etymology

Singulative noun composed of حَصًى (ḥaṣan, “gravel, pebbles”) +‎ ـَة (-a).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.sˤaːh/

### Noun

حَصَاة • (ḥaṣāh) f (singulative, collective حَصًى m (ḥaṣan), paucal حَصَيَات (ḥaṣayāt))
* pebble, shingle
* calculus (in the body)
# حشومية
## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħʃuː.mij.ja/

#### Noun

حشومية • (ḥšūmiyya) f
* shyness
    Synonym: حشمة (ḥašma)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħaʃ.ʃuː.mij.ja/

#### Adjective

حشومية • (ḥaššūmiyya) f
* feminine singular of حشومي (ḥaššūmi)
# دوستدار
## Persian
### Etymology

Compound of دوست (dust, “friend”) +‎ ـدار (-dâr, suffix indicating ownership)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [doːst.ˈdɑːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪oːst̪.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪oːst̪.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪oːst̪.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪ʊːst̪.d̪ɔ́ːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪uːst̪.d̪ɒ́ːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪ɵst̪.d̪ɔ́ɾ]

### Noun

| Dari | دوستدار |
| Iranian Persian | دوستدار |
| Tajik | дӯстдор |
دوستدار • (dustdâr)
* lover, loving friend
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1062:هر چه کاری از برای او بکار چون اسیر دوستی ای دوستدارhar či kārī az barāy-i ō bi-kār čōn asīr-i dōst-ē ay dōstdārWhatever you sow, sow for His sake, inasmuch as you are the Beloved's captive, O lover.

### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “دوست دار”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
# دوست‌داشتنی
## Persian
### Etymology

From دوست داشتن (dust dâštan, “to like; to love”) +‎ ـی (-i, “-able”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [doːst dɑːʃ.ta.niː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪oːst̪ d̪ɑːʃ.t̪ʰä.niː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪oːst̪ d̪ɑːʃ.t̪ʰä.niː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪oːst̪ d̪ɑːʃ.t̪ʰä.niː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪ʊːst̪ d̪ɔːʃ.t̪ʰä.ni]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪uːst̪ d̪ɒːʃ.t̪ʰæ.niː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪ɵst̪ d̪ɔʃ.t̪ʰä.ni]

### Adjective

دوست‌داشتنی • (dust-dâštani) (comparative دوست‌داشتنی‌تَر (dust-dâštani-tar), superlative دوست‌داشتنی‌تَرین (dust-dâštani-tarin))
* lovable, lovely, likable
# دوست‌داشتنی‌ترین
## Persian
### Adjective

دوست‌داشتنی‌ترین • (dust-dâštani-tarin)
* superlative degree of دوست‌داشتنی
# دوستوں
## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d̪oːs.t̪õː/

### Noun

دوسْتوں • (dostõ) m (Hindi spelling दोस्तों)
* oblique plural of دوسْت (dost, “friend”)
# درستم
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

درستم (form I)
* دَرَسْتُمْ (darastum) /da.ras.tum/: second-person masculine plural past active of دَرَسَ (darasa)
* دُرِسْتُمْ (duristum) /du.ris.tum/: second-person masculine plural past passive of دَرَسَ (darasa)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

درستم (form II)
* دَرَّسْتُمْ (darrastum) /dar.ras.tum/: second-person masculine plural past active of دَرَّسَ (darrasa)
* دُرِّسْتُمْ (durristum) /dur.ris.tum/: second-person masculine plural past passive of دَرَّسَ (darrasa)
# خصف
## Arabic

* Root
* خ ص ف (ḵ ṣ f)
* 2 terms

### Verb

خَصَفَ • (ḵaṣafa) I (non-past يَخْصِفُ (yaḵṣifu), verbal noun خَصْف (ḵaṣf))
* to fasten
# دردو
## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d̪əɾ.d̪oː/

### Noun

دَرْدو • (dardo) (Hindi spelling दर्दो)
* vocative plural of دَرْد (dard, “pain; ache”)
# دووڠي
## Ternate
### Etymology

From Proto-North Halmahera *ḋowoŋi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [do.ˈwo.ŋi]

### Noun

دووڠي (Rumi dowongi)
* sand

### References

* Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
# دووللو
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Italian duello.

### Noun

دووللو • (düvello) (plural دووللولر)
* duel

#### Descendants

* Turkish: düello

### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دووللو”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 593
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دووللو”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 929
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN, page 316
# رجعة
## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ر ج ع
* 4 terms

### Etymology

From Arabic رَجْعَة (rajʕa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raʒ.ʕa/, [ˈraʒ.ʕa]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

رجعة • (rajʕa) f
* return
    Synonym: عودة (ʕawde, ʕōde)
    Antonyms: روحة (rōḥa), طلعة (ṭalʕa)
    Coordinate term: جينة (jēne, “arrival”)
# رطريط
## Arabic
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rutˤ.riːtˤ/

### Noun

رُطْرِيط • (ruṭrīṭ) m
* Zygophyllum gen. et spp.
    Synonyms: هَرْم (harm), حَيَّهَل (ḥayyahal)
# رطيبة
## Arabic
### Adjective

رَطِيبَة • (raṭība) f
* feminine singular of رَطِيب (raṭīb)
# خسار
## Arabic
### Noun

خَسَار • (ḵasār) m
* verbal noun of خَسِرَ (ḵasira) (form I)
# زنجیرجی
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From زنجیر (zincir, “chain”) +‎ ـجی (-cı, -ci, occupational suffix).

### Noun

زنجیرجی • (zincirci)
* maker or seller of chains

#### Descendants

* Turkish: zincirci
* → Armenian: զինճիլճի (zinčilči), ⇒ Զինջիրջյան (Zinǰirǰyan), Զենջիրջյան (Zenǰirǰyan), Զինճիրճյան (Zinčirčyan), Զենճիրճյան (Zenčirčyan) — Western Armenian

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “zincirci”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5487
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “زنجیرجی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1016
# زنجی
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic زَنْجِيّ (zanjiyy), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (zngyk' /⁠zangīg⁠/).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [zan.ˈd͡ʒiː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zän.d͡ʒíː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zän.d͡ʒíː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [zän.d͡ʒíː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [zän.d͡ʒí]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [zæn.d͡ʒíː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [zän.d͡ʒí]

### Adjective

| Dari | زنجی |
| Iranian Persian | زنجی |
| Tajik | занҷӣ |
زنجی • (zanji)
* Alternative form of زنگی (zangi)
# سجنا
## Arabic
### Verb

سجنا (form I)
* سَجَنَا (sajanā) /sa.d͡ʒa.naː/: third-person masculine dual past active of سَجَنَ (sajana)
* سَجَنَّا (sajannā) /sa.d͡ʒan.naː/: first-person plural past active of سَجَنَ (sajana)
* سُجِنَا (sujinā) /su.d͡ʒi.naː/: third-person masculine dual past passive of سَجَنَ (sajana)
* سُجِنَّا (sujinnā) /su.d͡ʒin.naː/: first-person plural past passive of سَجَنَ (sajana)

## Punjabi
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /səd.d͡ʒə.ɳäː/
* Rhymes: -äː

### Noun

سَجَّݨا • (sajjaṇā) (Gurmukhi spelling ਸੱਜਣਾ)
* vocative singular of سَجَّݨ (sajjaṇ, “beloved; lover”)
# سجناء
## Arabic
### Noun

سُجَناء • (sujanāʔ) m pl
* plural of سَجِين (sajīn)
# سجنت
## Arabic
### Verb

سجنت (form I)
* سَجَنْتُ (sajantu) /sa.d͡ʒan.tu/: first-person singular past active of سَجَنَ (sajana)
* سَجَنْتَ (sajanta) /sa.d͡ʒan.ta/: second-person masculine singular past active of سَجَنَ (sajana)
* سَجَنْتِ (sajanti) /sa.d͡ʒan.ti/: second-person feminine singular past active of سَجَنَ (sajana)
* سَجَنَتْ (sajanat) /sa.d͡ʒa.nat/: third-person feminine singular past active of سَجَنَ (sajana)
* سُجِنْتُ (sujintu) /su.d͡ʒin.tu/: first-person singular past passive of سَجَنَ (sajana)
* سُجِنْتَ (sujinta) /su.d͡ʒin.ta/: second-person masculine singular past passive of سَجَنَ (sajana)
* سُجِنْتِ (sujinti) /su.d͡ʒin.ti/: second-person feminine singular past passive of سَجَنَ (sajana)
* سُجِنَتْ (sujinat) /su.d͡ʒi.nat/: third-person feminine singular past passive of سَجَنَ (sajana)
# سکته
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَكْتَة (sakta).

### Noun

سکته • (sakte)
* apoplexy
# زلايجي
## Moroccan Arabic

* Root
* ز ل ج
* 5 terms

### Alternative forms

* جلايجي (jlāyji)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zlaːj.ʒi/

### Noun

زلايجي • (zlāyji) m (plural زلايجية (zlāyjiyya), feminine زلايجية (zlāyjiyya))
* tile installer
    Synonym: زلاج (zallāj)
# سزیدن
## Persian
### Etymology

Related to Old Armenian պատշաճ (patšač), an Iranian borrowing, see there for more information.

### Verb

سزیدن • (sazidan)
* to be worthy
* to merit
* to deserve
* to fit, to suit

#### Descendants

* Armenian: սազել (sazel)

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “سزیدن”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
# سسا
## Urdu
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit शशक (śaśaka).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /səs.sɑː/, /sʊs.sɑː/
* Rhymes: -ɑː

### Noun

سَسّا or سُسّا • (sassā or sussā) m (Hindi spelling सस्सा or सुस्सा)
* rabbit
    Synonyms: خرگوش (xargoś), لمبھا (lambhā)

### Further reading

* “سسا”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “سسا”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
# زنگ آلود
## Urdu
### Etymology

زنگ (zaṅg, “rust”) +‎ آلود (ālūd, “infected”), literally “rust infected”

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /zəŋɡ ɑː.luːd̪/

### Adjective

زَنْگ آلُود • (zaṅg ālūd) (Hindi spelling ज़ंग आलूद)
* rusty

### References

* “زنگ+آلود”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “زنگ+آلود”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
# دژآگه
## Persian
### Proper noun

دژآگه • (dež-âgah)
* a surname, Dejagah, Dezhagah
# دڕک
## Central Kurdish
### Alternative forms

* دڕوو (dirrû)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dərk/

### Noun

دڕک (dirrik)
* thorn, spine, prickle
    Synonym: چقڵ (çiqill)
# سانس لینا
## Urdu
### Verb

سانس لینا • (sāns lenā) (Hindi spelling सांस लेना)
* to breathe
# دیکتاتوری
## Persian
### Noun

دیکتاتوری • (diktâtori) (plural دیکتاتوری‌ها (diktâtori-hâ))
* dictatorship
# سازها
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sɒːzˈhɒː]

### Noun

سازها • (sâz-hâ)
* plural of ساز
# طوغرامق
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *togra- (“to cut into slices, small pieces”); cognate with Azerbaijani doğramaq, Bashkir турау (turaw), Chuvash тура (tura), Kazakh турау (turau), Kyrgyz тууроо (tuuroo), Turkmen dogramak, Uyghur توغرىماق (toghrimaq) and Uzbek to‘g‘ramoq.

### Verb

طوغرامق • (doğramak)
* (transitive) to slice, slice up, to cut into thin and broad slices
* (transitive) to chop, to cut into pieces with short, vigorous motions
* (transitive) to carve, to cut a material into a finished work

#### Derived terms

* بول طوغرامق (bol doğramak, “to promise braggingly”)
* طوغراتمق (doğratmak, “to make or let be sliced up”)
* طوغرام (doğram, “incision made in slicing”)
* طوغرامه (doğrama, “joiner's work”)
* طوغرانمق (doğranmak, “to be sliced up”)
* قماشی طوغرامق (kumaşı doğramak, “to botch and waste”)

#### Descendants

* Gagauz: doramaa
* Turkish: doğramak
* → Crimean Tatar: doğramaq
* → Karaim: [script needed] (doğramaq)

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “طوغرامق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 316
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “doğramak”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1258
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “طوغرامق”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 317b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “طوغرامق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 818
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Comminuere”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 211
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “طوغرامق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3146
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “doğra-”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “طوغرامق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1256
# شاہد
## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شاهد (šāhid), from Arabic شَاهِد (šāhid). Compare Punjabi شاہد / ਸ਼ਾਹਦ (śāhad).

### Noun

شاہد • (śāhid) m (Hindi spelling शाहिद)
* witness
# روقبتم
## Arabic
### Verb

رُوقِبْتُمْ • (rūqibtum) (form III) /ruː.qib.tum/
* second-person masculine plural past passive of رَاقَبَ (rāqaba)
# روفقنا
## Arabic
### Verb

رُوفِقْنَا • (rūfiqnā) (form III) /ruː.fiq.naː/
* first-person plural past passive of رَافَقَ (rāfaqa)
# سطهن
## Soqotri
### Etymology

Likely an old borrowing from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān); compare especially the Soqotri plural with the Arabic plural سَلَاطِين (salāṭīn), likely borrowed together with the singular.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsa.tˤa.han/

### Noun

سَطَهَن (sáṭahan) (plural - (səḷoṭíne))
* sultan

### References

* Naumkin, Vitaly, et al. (2018) “Glossary”, in Corpus of Soqotri Oral Literature, volume 2, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 578
# metacism
## English
### Etymology

From Latin metacismus.

### Noun

metacism (usually uncountable, plural metacisms)
* Alternative form of mytacism

### References

“metacism”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌽𐍉𐌽𐍃
## Gothic
### Noun

𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌽𐍉𐌽𐍃 • (winnōns)
* inflection of 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌽𐍉 (winnō):
** nominative/accusative plural
** genitive singular
# сработување
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [srabɔˈtuvaɲɛ]

### Noun

сработување • (srabotuvanje) n
* verbal noun of сработува (srabotuva)
# જિગર
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian جگر (jigar).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒi.ɡəɾ/

### Noun

જિગર • (jigar) m
* (anatomy) liver
    Synonym: કાળજું (kāḷjũ)
* (poetic)
** heart
** mind
** spirit
** courage

### Noun

જિગર • (jigar) m (figuratively, endearing)
* son
* dear, darling
# wjitrô
## Slovincian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)utro.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvjitrɵ/
* Rhymes: -ɵ
* Syllabification: wji‧trô

### Noun

wjitrô n
* tomorrow (day after today)

### Adverb

wjitrô (not comparable)
* tomorrow (on the day after today)

### Further reading

* Lorentz, Friedrich (1912) “vjĩtrɵ”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎ (in German), volume 2, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 1310
# полярник
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɐˈlʲarnʲɪk]

### Noun

поля́рник • (poljárnik) m anim (genitive поля́рника, nominative plural поля́рники, genitive plural поля́рников)
* polar explorer, member of a polar expedition
** 2015, Ирина Глущенко, “IV. Кулинарная Библия. Поговорим об искусстве”, in Общепит. Микоян и советская кухня, Москва: Издательский дом Высшей школы экономики; English translation from (Please provide a date or year):К нача́лу 40-х годо́в шокола́д счита́лся «о́чень поле́зным» проду́ктом, его́ выдава́ли са́мым уважа́емым лю́дям — лётчикам и поля́рникам.K načálu 40-x godóv šokolád sčitálsja «óčenʹ poléznym» prodúktom, jevó vydaváli sámym uvažájemym ljúdjam — ljótčikam i poljárnikam.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Descendants

* → English: polyarnik
# неловење
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɛˈɫɔvɛɲɛ]

### Noun

неловење • (nelovenje) n
* not catching
* not hunting
# неровни
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* неро́вни: IPA: [nʲɪˈrovnʲɪ]
* неровни́: IPA: [nʲɪrɐvˈnʲi]

### Noun

неро́вни • (neróvni) m anim or f anim or m anim pl or f anim pl
* inflection of неро́вня (neróvnja):
** genitive singular
** nominative plural

### Noun

неровни́ • (nerovní) m anim or f anim or m anim pl or f anim pl
* inflection of неровня́ (nerovnjá):
** genitive singular
** nominative plural
# неровне
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* неро́вне: IPA: [nʲɪˈrovnʲe]
* неровне́: IPA: [nʲɪrɐvˈnʲe]

### Noun

неро́вне • (neróvne) m anim or f anim
* dative/prepositional singular of неро́вня (neróvnja)

### Noun

неровне́ • (nerovné) m anim or f anim
* dative/prepositional singular of неровня́ (nerovnjá)
# ныбыдж
## Adyghe
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nəbəd͡ʒ]

### Noun

ныбыдж • (nəbədž)
* navel

#### Synonyms

* бынжэ (bənžɛ) (Kabardian dialect)
# неопределённых местоимениях
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nʲɪəprʲɪdʲɪˈlʲɵnːɨx mʲɪstəɪˈmʲenʲɪjəx]

### Noun

неопределённых местоиме́ниях • (neopredeljónnyx mestoiménijax) n inan pl
* prepositional plural of неопределённое местоиме́ние (neopredeljónnoje mestoiménije)
# обижает
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐbʲɪˈʐa(j)ɪt]

### Verb

обижа́ет • (obižájet)
* third-person singular present indicative imperfective of обижа́ть (obižátʹ)
# обижавший
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐbʲɪˈʐafʂɨj]

### Participle

обижа́вший • (obižávšij)
* past active imperfective participle of обижа́ть (obižátʹ)
# обезмастувач
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɔbɛˈzmastuvat͡ʃ]

### Noun

обезмастувач • (obezmastuvač) m
* degreaser

#### Related terms

* обезмастен (obezmasten)
* обезмасти (obezmasti)
* обезмастува (obezmastuva)
* обезмастување n (obezmastuvanje)