# 青盲
## Chinese

* chheⁿ-mê (Southern Min)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīngmáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥ ㄇㄤˊ
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhiâng-miâng
    (Hailu, HRS): ciang$^ˋ$ miang$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chăng-màng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiⁿ-mî / chheⁿ-mê / chheⁿ-mêe / chhiⁿ-mê
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cên$^1$ mê$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīngmáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ ㄇㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cingmáng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻing$^1$-mang$^2$
*** Yale: chīng-máng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chingmang
*** Palladius: цинман (cinman)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ mɑŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiâng-miâng
*** Hakka Romanization System: qiang$^ˊ$ miang$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qiang$^1$ miang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ mi̯aŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ciang$^ˋ$ miang$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiaŋ⁵³ miaŋ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chăng-màng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵ maŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Philippines, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiⁿ-mî
*** Tâi-lô: tshinn-mî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chvimii
*** IPA (Singapore): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² mi²⁴/
*** IPA (Philippines): /t͡sʰĩ³³ mi²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² mĩ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /t͡sʰĩ³³ mĩ²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ mĩ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheⁿ-mê
*** Tâi-lô: tshenn-mê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhvemee
*** IPA (Tainan, Yilan): /t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ mẽ²⁴/
*** IPA (Singapore): /t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻²² me²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ mẽ²³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheⁿ-mêe
*** Tâi-lô: tshenn-mêe
*** IPA (Penang): /t͡sʰɛ̃³³⁻²¹ mɛ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² mɛ̃¹³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiⁿ-mê
*** Tâi-lô: tshinn-mê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chvimee
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ mẽ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ mẽ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cên$^1$ mê$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsheⁿ mê
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ me⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsheng maeng
Rime :
| Character | 青 | 盲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | II |
| Fanqie | 倉經切 | 武庚切 |
| Baxter | tsheng | maeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰeŋ/ | /mˠæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰeŋ/ | /mᵚaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛŋ/ | /maŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛjŋ/ | /maɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰeŋ/ | /mɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰieŋ/ | /mɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰieŋ/ | /mɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qīng | méng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cing$^1$ | mang$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.r̥]ˤeŋ mˤ<r>aŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ mraːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 青 | 盲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qīng | máng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsheng › | ‹ mæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s.r̥]ˁeŋ/ | /*mˁ<r>aŋ/ |
| English | green or blue | blind |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 青 | 盲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11362 | 12689 |
| Phonetic component | 生 | 亡 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 靑 | 盲 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰleːŋ/ | /*mraːŋ/ |
| Notes | 說文從生丹，戴桐王筠皆雲從丹生聲 | |

### Noun

青盲
* (pathology) blue-green color blindness; tritanopia
* (traditional Chinese medicine) Synonym of 青光眼 (qīngguāngyǎn, “glaucoma”)
* (Min) blind person

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 瞽, 盲 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 盲人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 瞎子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 瞎子, 盲人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 瞎子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 瞎子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 盲人 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 瞎子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 瞎子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 瞎子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 瞎子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 瞎子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 瞎子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 瞎子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 瞎子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 瞎子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 瞎子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 瞎子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 瞎子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 瞎子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 瞎子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 瞎子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 瞎子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 瞎子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 瞎子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 瞎子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 瞎子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 瞎子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 瞎子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 瞎子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 盲公 man, 盲婆 woman, 盲仔 boy, 盲妹 girl |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 盲人, 盲公 man, 盲佬 man, 盲婆 woman, 盲仔 boy, 盲妹 girl |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 盲眼佬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 盲眼佬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 盲佬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 盲眼人 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 盲公 man, 盲婆 woman |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 盲公 man, 盲婆 woman |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 盲公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 盲佬 man, 盲婆 woman |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 盲公 man, 盲婆 woman, 盲仔 young |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 盲公 man, 盲婆 woman |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 盲公 man, 盲婆 woman |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 盲公 man, 盲婆 woman |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 盲公 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 盲眼 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 盲公 man, 盲婆 woman |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 盲公 man, 盲婆 woman |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 盲眼公 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 盲公 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 盲公 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 盲眼佬 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 盲眼佬, 盲公 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 盲眼佬 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 盲眼佬 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 盲眼 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 盲佬 man, 盲婆 woman, 盲仔 young |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 盲佬 man, 盲婆 woman, 盲仔 young |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 盲眼佬 man, 盲佬 man, 盲婆 woman, 盲仔 boy, 盲妹 girl |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 盲眼佬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 盲佬 male, 盲婆 female |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 盲公 man, 盲婆 woman, 盲仔 boy, 盲妹 girl |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 盲佬 male, 盲婆 female |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 盲佬, 盲仔 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 盲眼佬 male, 盲眼婆 female |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 盲佬 male, 盲婆 female |
| Gan | Nanchang | 瞎子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 瞎子 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 瞎子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 瞎眼仔, 盲目仔, 瞎子, 盲公, 盲妹 woman |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 盲佬 man, 盲婆 woman, 盲仔 young |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 盲佬 man, 盲婆 woman, 盲仔 young |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 盲佬 man, 盲婆 woman, 盲仔 young |
| Hakka | Zengcheng (Zhengguo) | 盲眼佬 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 盲佬 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 瞎眼哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 瞎盲哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 瞎哩, 盲目哩 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 盲哩 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 盲眼佬 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 盲眼佬 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 盲眼仔 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 青盲 |
| Hakka | Changting | 瞎目哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 瞎目子 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 瞎眼子 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 瞎子, 瞎眼子 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 瞎子 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 瞎子, 瞎盲子 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 瞎子 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 瞎佬 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 盲目仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 目瞨仔, 目瞎仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 盲目仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 盲目, 青盲個 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 青盲 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 青盲 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 盲公, 盲眼佬 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 盲佬 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 盲佬 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 盲眼佬 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 盲眼佬 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 盲眼佬 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 盲眼佬 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 眼盲佬 man, 眼盲婆 woman |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 眼盲佬 man, 眼盲婆 woman |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 盲佬 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 瞎子 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 盲眼佬 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 盲眼佬 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 瞎眼仂, 瞎眼先生, 瞎眼溜 derogatory |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 瞎子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 瞎子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 瞎仔 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 瞎仔 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 瞎冥 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 瞎目珠 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 瞎目 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 瞎仔 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 瞎仔 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 瞎仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 青盲, 青盲婆 woman |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 青盲 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 覷白 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 青盲 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 青盲 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 白目 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 白目 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 青盲 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 白目 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 青盲的, 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 青盲仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 青盲仔 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 青盲儂 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 青盲, 青盲囝 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 青盲囝 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 青盲囝 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 青盲囝, 青盲呿 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 青盲仔 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 青盲, 妃矇 |
| Puxian Min | Fuding (Aoyao) | 青盲 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 盲佬 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 䀯目佬, 盲佬 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 盲佬, 盲公 man, 盲婆 woman |
| Wu | Shanghai | 瞎子, 瞎眼 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 瞎子 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 瞎子 |
| Wu | Danyang | 瞎子, 瞎眼, 瞎婆 woman |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 瞎子 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 瞎眼 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 瞙瞊人 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 眼瞎兒, 眼睛瞎兒 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 眼睛盲兒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 瞎子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 瞎子, 瞎螺頭 derogatory |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 瞎子 |

#### Derived terms

* 青盲看告示

### Adjective

青盲
* (Hakka, Min) blind
    From: 1841, William Dean, First Lessons in the Tie-chiw Dialect, “Diseases”
    i$^1$ cên$^1$ mên$^5$ toin$^2$ m$^6$ gin$^3$ [Peng'im]
    he is blind & cannot see
    From: 2020, 黃妃 (Huang Fei) (lyricist 方文良 Neil Fang), 雪咧飛
    kam-goān chhiⁿ-mê, tiō khòaⁿ bōe tio̍h lí chiù-chōa--kòe ê ài-chêng, súi kah hiah-nī ké [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    I'm willing to be blind so that I can't see the love that you've sworn, beautiful yet so fake.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 瞽, 盲 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 失明, 瞎眼, 瞎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 瞎眼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 瞎, 盲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 瞎, 盲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 盲, 盲眼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 盲, 盲眼 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 盲 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 瞎, 盲 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 眼瞎 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 目瞎 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 目瞨, 目瞎, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 青盲 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 瞎 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Pingtian) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 青盲 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 青盲 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 瞎 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 盲 |

#### Derived terms

* 青盲牛 (chăng-màng-ngù) (Eastern Min)
* 青盲狗
* 青盲雞啄著蟲／青盲鸡啄着虫 (Hokkien)

### References

* “Entry #4576”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.