# 旃

| 旃 | U+65C3, &#26051; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65C3 |
| ← 旂 [U+65C2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 旄 → [U+65C4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

旃 (Kangxi radical 70, 方+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜尸人月卜 (YSOBY), four-corner 0824$_7$, composition ⿸𭤨丹)
* silk banner with bent pole

#### Derived characters

* 㮵 𩔣 𪄟

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 482, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13640
* Dae Jaweon: page 844, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2178, character 4
* Unihan data for U+65C3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 丹 | *taːn |
| 旃 | *tjan |
| 栴 | *tjan |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjan) : semantic 㫃 + phonetic 丹 (OC *taːn)

### Etymology 1

Possibly related to 丹 (OC *taːn) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).
Hill (2014) compares it instead to Tibetan དར (dar, “flag”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhān (zhan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhān
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^1$
*** Yale: jān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
*** Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zin$^1$
*** Yale: jīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːn⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsyen
Rime :
| Character | 旃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 諸延切 |
| Baxter | tsyen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cian/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zin$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjan/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 旃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1981 |
| Phonetic component | 丹 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𩜾 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjan/ |

#### Definitions

旃
* (literary) a kind of red banner with a bent shaft
* (literary) banner; flag (in general)
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 氈／毡 (zhān, “felt”)

#### Compounds

* 嚼旃
* 廣夏細旃／广夏细旃
* 戎旃
* 旃毛
* 旃裘
* 旃車／旃车

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhān (zhan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhān
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^1$
*** Yale: jān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
*** Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zin$^1$
*** Yale: jīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːn⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsyen
Rime :
| Character | 旃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 諸延切 |
| Baxter | tsyen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cian/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zin$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjan/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 旃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1981 |
| Phonetic component | 丹 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𩜾 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjan/ |

#### Definitions

旃
* (literary, obsolete) Contraction of 之焉 (zhī yān).
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Rén zhī wéi yán, gǒu yì wú xìn. Shě zhān shě zhān, gǒu yì wú rán. [Pinyin]
    When men tell their stories, / Do not readily believe them; / Put them aside, put them aside. / Do not readily assent to them.
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Fāng dāng shèng Hàn zhī lóng, yuàn miǎn zhān, wú duōtán! [Pinyin]
    Now we happen to live in this great era of Han, a time of prosperity. May you strive for your part in it (as a state official), and stop meddling in my business!

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhān (zhan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhān
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^1$
*** Yale: jān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
*** Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zin$^1$
*** Yale: jīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːn⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsyen
Rime :
| Character | 旃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 諸延切 |
| Baxter | tsyen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cian/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zin$^1$ |

#### Definitions

旃
* Used in transcription.

#### Compounds

* 旃檀 (zhāntán)
* 旃荼羅／旃荼罗 (zhāntúluó)
* 迦旃延

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: せん (sen)
* Kan-on: せん (sen)
* Kun: はた (hata)

## Korean
### Hanja

旃 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.