OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# الهند
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Classical Persian هند (hind), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hi$^n$dūš), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (sindhu, “a river, stream”). It is one of the Arabic country names which require the definite article ال (al-).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /al.hind/

### Proper noun

الْهِنْد • (al-hind) f
* (feminine) India (the country)
* (masculine) East Indians (the people)

#### Related terms

* الْمُحِيط الْهِنْدِيّ (al-muḥīṭ al-hindiyy)
* هِنْدِيّ (hindiyy)
* الْهِنْد الصِّينِيَّة (al-hind aṣ-ṣīniyya)

#### Descendants

* → Swahili: Uhindi

#### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “هند”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
# بيقية
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Aramaic בִּיקְיָא (bīqəyā), so used in Jewish Palestinian Aramaic as well as in Mishnaic Hebrew and hence current Hebrew בִּקְיָה (biqyā), בִּיקְיָה (bīqyā), from Ancient Greek βῐκία (bikía) or βῐκίον (bikíon), a Koine Greek borrowing of Latin vicia (“vetch”). A vulgar form has been used in South Levantine Arabic and Egyptian Arabic as باقية (bāqya), perhaps a crossover with بَاقِلّاء (bāqillāʔ, “broad bean (Vicia faba)”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /biː.qij.ja/

### Noun

بِيقِيَّة • (bīqiyya) f
* vetch, tare (Vicia gen. et spp.)

#### Declension
### References

* Löw, Immanuel (1934) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 4, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 127
* Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 490
* Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎ (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 229 Nr. 170
# بيكم
## Arabic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian بیگم (bēgum).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /beː.ɡum/

### Noun

بيكُم • (bēgum) f (plural بيكُمَات (bēgumāt))
* begum; female equivalent of بيك (bēg)

#### Related terms

* بيك (bēg, “beg”)
* بيكَوِيَّة (bēgawiyya, “office or jurisdiction of a beg”)
# بيلاروسيا
## Arabic
### Etymology

Internationalism, ultimately from Russian Белоруссия (Belorussija).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /biː.laː.ruːs.jaː/, (less common) /biː.laː.ruː.si.jaː/

### Proper noun

بِيلَارُوسِيَا • (bīlārūsiyā) f
* Belarus (a country in Europe)
    Synonyms: رُوسْيَا الْبَيْضَاء (rūsyā l-bayḍāʔ), بِيلَارُوس (bīlārūs)

#### Declension
### See also

* بِيلَارُوسِيّ (bīlārūsiyy)

## South Levantine Arabic

Picture dictionary :
بيلاروسيا
أوربا
ألمانيا
فرنسا
إسبانيا
بريطانيا
إيطاليا
روسيا
اليونان
تركيا
بولندا
السويد
نرويج
فنلندا
سويسرا
النمسا
تشيكيا
سلوفاكيا
المجر
سلوفينيا
الصرب
بلغاريا
ألبانيا
مالطا
قبرص
أرمينيا
رومانيا
أوكرانيا
بيلاروسيا
البرتغال
هولندا
الدنمارك
بلجيكا
إيرلندا
إنكلترا
سكوتلندا
إيسلندا
بلاد الشام
البحر المتوسط
البحر الأسود
بحر الشمال
المحيط الأطلسي :

### Etymology

Semi-learned borrowing from Arabic بِيلَارُوسِيَا (bīlārūsiyā).

### Proper noun

بيلاروسيا • (belarūsya) f
* Belarus (a country in Europe)
    Synonym: روسيا البيضا (rūsya l-bēḍa)

#### Related terms

* بيلاروسي (belarūsi, “Belarussian”)
# 龙交龙，凤交凤，隐痀的交侗戆
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 龙交龙，凤交凤，隐痀的交侗戆 – see 龍交龍，鳳交鳳，隱痀的交侗戇 (“dragons befriend dragons, phoenixes befriend phoenixes, and hunchbacks befriend morons; birds of a feather flock together”). (This term is the simplified form of 龍交龍，鳳交鳳，隱痀的交侗戇).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# శంఖం
## Telugu
### Noun

శంఖం • (śaṅkhaṁ) ? (plural శంఖాలు)
* Alternative form of శంఖము (śaṅkhamu)
# singraríeis
## Galician
### Verb

singraríeis
* (reintegrationist norm) second-person plural conditional of singrar

## Portuguese
### Verb

singraríeis
* second-person plural conditional of singrar
# okrętownictwo
## Polish
### Etymology

Derived from okręt (“ship”), with -ctwo ending.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔkrɛntɔvˈɲit͡stfɔ/
* Rhymes: -it͡stfɔ
* Syllabification: o‧krę‧tow‧ni‧ctwo

### Noun

okrętownictwo n
* shipbuilding

#### Declension
### Further reading

* okrętownictwo in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# פּאָליציי
## Yiddish
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin politia (compare German Polizei).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔlɪˈt͡sɛɪ̯/

### Noun

פּאָליציי • (politsey) f
* police
# ဂံၢ်
## S'gaw Karen
### Etymology

Cognate with Eastern Pwo ဝီႋ (wī).

### Noun

ဂံၢ် • (ghee̱)
* (အ~) root
# 신가파
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 新嘉坡/新加坡

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰinɡa̠pʰa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [신가파]

### Proper noun

신가파 • (Sin'gapa) (hanja 新嘉坡/新加坡)
* (obsolete) Singapore

#### Synonyms

* (more common) 싱가포르 (Singgaporeu)
# 저주
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 詛呪/咀呪.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈt͡ɕɘ(ː)d͡ʑu]
* Phonetic hangul: [저(ː)주]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Noun

저주 • (jeoju) (hanja 詛呪/咀呪)
* curse

#### Derived terms

* 저주하다 (詛呪/咀呪—, jeojuhada)
# 취지
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 趣旨.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈt͡ɕʰɥi(ː)d͡ʑi] ~ [ˈt͡ɕʰy(ː)d͡ʑi]
* Phonetic hangul: [취(ː)지]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Noun

취지 • (chwiji) (hanja 趣旨)
* purpose; main point
# 칼납자루
## Korean
### Etymology

Literally "knife bitterling." From 칼 (kal, “knife”) +‎ 납자루 (napjaru, “slender bitterling”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kʰa̠ɭɭa̠p̚t͡ɕ͈a̠ɾu]
* Phonetic hangul: [칼랍짜루]

### Noun

칼납자루 • (kallapjaru)
* An oily bitterling, Tanakia limbata (syn. Acheilognathus limbatus) or Tanakia koreensis (syn. Acheilognathus koreensis).

#### References

* National Institute of the Korean Language (Naver.com mirror) (2007 January 16 (last accessed)) “칼납자루 [kallapjaru]”, in 표준국어대사전 [pyojun'gugeodaesajeon]‎
* 김, 익수 with 박종영 (2002) “칼납자루”, in 한국의 민물고기, Seoul: Kyo-Hak Publishing, →ISBN, page 78
* Tanakia limbata at Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
* Tanakia limbata on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
# 칼바람
## Korean
### Etymology

From 칼 (kal, “knife”) +‎ 바람 (baram, “wind, breeze”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kʰa̠ɭba̠ɾa̠m]
* Phonetic hangul: [칼바람]

### Noun

칼바람 • (kalbaram)
* (North Korea) piercing wind, sharp breeze
# 파래
## Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pʰa̠ɾɛ] ~ [pʰa̠ɾe̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [파래/파레]

#### Noun

파래 • (parae)
* green laver

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pʰa̠ɾɛ] ~ [pʰa̠ɾe̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [파래/파레]

#### Verb

파래 • (parae)
* infinitive of 파랗다 (parata)
# 싫어지다
## Korean
### Etymology

싫다 (silta, “to be hateful”) + 지다 (jida).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰiɾʌ̹d͡ʑida̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [시러지다]

### Verb

싫어지다 • (sireojida) (infinitive 싫어져 or 싫어지어, sequential 싫어지니)
* to become disgusted, to hate
# 𐀃

| 𐀃 | U+10003, &#65539; LINEAR B SYLLABLE B061 O |
| ← 𐀂 [U+10002] | Linear B Syllabary | 𐀄 → [U+10004] |

## Mycenaean Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /o(ː)/

### Letter

𐀃 (o)
* The Linear B syllabic letter ⟨o⟩.
* A logogram; meaning unknown.

### Noun

𐀃
* An abbreviation of 𐀃𐀟𐀫 (o-pe-ro) 'deficit' (most commonly), cognate with Cretan dialect ὀφήλω (ophḗlō) [ὀφηλόντες (ophēlóntes), ὀφηλομένα (ophēloména)].
* An abbreviation of 𐀃𐀞𐀺𐀲 (o-pa-wo-ta), possibly meaning 'plates'.
# 𐀃𐀏
## Mycenaean Greek
### Etymology

Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔχω (ékhō).

### Verb

𐀃𐀏 (o-ka)
* to hold

#### Related terms

* 𐀁𐀐 (e-ke)
# 𐀂𐀋𐀩𐀊
## Mycenaean Greek
### Etymology

Cognate with Ancient Greek ἱέρεια (hiéreia).

### Noun

𐀂𐀋𐀩𐀊 (i-je-re-ja)
* priestess

#### Derived terms

* 𐀀𐀚𐀗𐀂𐀋𐀩𐀊 (a-ne-mo-i-je-re-ja)
# 𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃
## Gothic
### Participle

𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 • (awiliudōndans)
* nominative/accusative masculine plural of 𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (awiliudōnds), the present participle of 𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍉𐌽 (awiliudōn)
# 𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍉𐌼
## Gothic
### Verb

𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍉𐌼 • (awiliudōm)
* first-person plural present active indicative of 𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍉𐌽 (awiliudōn)
# 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃
## Gothic
### Participle

𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 • (afleiþands)
* present participle of 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (afleiþan)

#### Declension

An/īn-stem, strong in m. nom. sg. :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃, 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 afleiþands, afleiþanda | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 afleiþandei | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉 afleiþandō |
| Accusative | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 afleiþandan | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 afleiþandein | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉 afleiþandō |
| Genitive | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 afleiþandins | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 afleiþandeins | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 afleiþandins |
| Dative | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 afleiþandin | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 afleiþandein | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 afleiþandin |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 afleiþandans | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 afleiþandeins | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 afleiþandōna |
| Accusative | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 afleiþandans | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 afleiþandeins | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 afleiþandōna |
| Genitive | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 afleiþandanē | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉 afleiþandeinō | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 afleiþandanē |
| Dative | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 afleiþandam | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼 afleiþandeim | 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 afleiþandam |
# 𐌰𐍆𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
## Gothic
### Verb

𐌰𐍆𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 • (afdauþidēdeina)
* third-person plural past active subjunctive of 𐌰𐍆𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (afdauþjan)
# 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰
## Gothic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *herþrą.

### Noun

𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰 • (hairþra) n pl
* bowels

#### Declension

Only the dative plural is attested.
Neuter a-stem :
| | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | — | 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰 hairþra |
| Vocative | — | 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰 hairþra |
| Accusative | — | 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰 hairþra |
| Genitive | — | 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌴 hairþrē |
| Dative | — | 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌼 hairþram |
# 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌽𐍃
## Gothic
### Noun

𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌽𐍃 • (hairtins)
* genitive singular of 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉 (hairtō)
# 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌰
## Gothic
### Adjective

𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌰 • (leitilata)
* strong nominative/accusative neuter singular of 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌻𐍃 (leitils)
# 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌹
## Gothic
### Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌹 • (gadriusai)
* third-person singular present active subjunctive of 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (gadriusan)
# 저금통
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 貯金筒, from 貯金 (“saving money”) + 筒 (“tube, pipe, container”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈt͡ɕɘ(ː)ɡɯmtʰo̞ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [저(ː)금통]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Noun

저금통 • (jeogeumtong) (hanja 貯金筒)
* piggybank; moneybox
# 저고리
## Korean
### Etymology

First attested in the Yeogeo yuhae (譯語類解 / 역어유해), 1690, as Early Modern Korean 져구리 (Yale: cyekwuli).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʌ̹ɡo̞ɾi]
* Phonetic hangul: [저고리]

### Noun

저고리 • (jeogori)
* jeogori (Korean traditional jacket, upper garment of Korean traditional clothes)
# 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌸
## Gothic
### Verb

𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌸 • (haitiþ)
* inflection of 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (haitan):
** third-person singular present active indicative
** second-person plural present active indicative/imperative
# 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰
## Gothic
### Verb

𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 • (gibaima)
* first-person plural present active subjunctive of 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (giban)
# 𐎓𐎔
## Ugaritic
### Verb

𐎓𐎔 • (ʿp)
* to fly
# 𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
## Gothic
### Verb

𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 • (uswairpanda)
* first/second/third-person plural present passive indicative of 𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽 (uswairpan)
# 𐒧

| 𐒧 | U+104A7, &#66727; OSMANYA DIGIT SEVEN |
| ← 𐒦 [U+104A6] | Osmanya | 𐒨 → [U+104A8] |

## Somali
### Numeral

𐒧 (7)
* The digit 7 in Osmanya script.
# 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹
## Gothic
### Participle

𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 • (uslaisidai)
* inflection of 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌸𐍃 (uslaisiþs), the past participle of 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (uslaisjan):
** strong nominative masculine plural
** strong dative feminine singular
# 칠성말배꼽
## Korean
### Etymology

Originally from Pyongbuk dialect. From 칠성(七星) (chilseong, “Ursa Major”) +‎ 말배꼽 (malbaekkop, “lamprey”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰiɭs͈ʌ̹ŋma̠ɭbɛk͈o̞p̚] ~ [t͡ɕʰiɭs͈ʌ̹ŋma̠ɭbe̞k͈o̞p̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [칠썽말배꼽/칠썽말베꼽]

### Noun

칠성말배꼽 • (chilseongmalbaekkop)
* The Korean lamprey, Lampetra morii.

#### Derived terms

* 유럽칠성말배꼽 (yureopchilseongmalbaekkop, “European river lamprey”)

### References

* National Institute of the Korean Language (Naver.com mirror) (2007 January 12 (last accessed)) “칠성말배꼽 [chilseongmalbaekkop]”, in 표준국어대사전 [pyojun'gugeodaesajeon]‎
* 김, 익수 with 박종영 (2002) “칠성말배꼽”, in 한국의 민물고기, Seoul: Kyo-Hak Publishing, →ISBN, page 34
# 칠십세
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 七十 (“seventy”) + 歲 (“age”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰiɭɕʰips͈e̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [칠십쎄]

### Noun

칠십세 • (chilsipse) (hanja 七十歲)
* (age) seventies
# 𐎄𐎈𐎍
## Ugaritic
### Verb

𐎄𐎈𐎍 • (dḥl)
* to fear, be afraid
# 𐌂𐌀𐌄
## Etruscan
### Etymology

Related to Latin Gāius and Latin Cāius, of unknown origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kae̯/

### Proper noun

𐌂𐌀𐌄 • (Cae) (genitive 𐌂𐌀𐌄𐌔)
* Gaius, Caius
* the gens Caia
    𐌀𐌓𐌍𐌈·𐌂𐌀𐌄·𐌂𐌀𐌄𐌔·𐌌𐌀𐌓𐌂𐌍𐌀𐌔Arnth Cae Caes MarcnasArunte Caius (son) of Marcinius Caius
# 𐌁𐌄𐌓𐌂𐌏𐌌𐌔𐌍𐌀
## Etruscan
### Alternative forms

* 𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌂𐌖𐌌𐌔𐌍𐌀 (Percumsna)

### Etymology

Related to Latin Pergomsna, and meaning "native or from of Bergamo".

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ber.coms.na/

### Proper noun

𐌁𐌄𐌓𐌂𐌏𐌌𐌔𐌍𐌀 • (Bercomsna)
* the gens Pergomsna
# 𐔱𐔼𐕀
## Aghwan
### Etymology

From Proto-Lezghian *ʔiχʷa-.

### Verb

𐔱𐔼𐕀 (bix) (infinitive 𐔱𐔼𐕀𐔴)
* create

#### Derived terms

* 𐔱𐔼𐕀𐔰𐕃𐕒𐕡𐕘 (bixaʒ́uġ)
* 𐔱𐔼𐕀𐔰𐔾 (bixal)
* 𐔱𐔼𐕀𐔶𐕒𐕡𐕎 (bixēun)

#### Descendants

* Udi: бих (biχ)

### Further reading

* Gippert J., Schulze W., Aleksidze Z., Mahé J.-P., editors (2009), The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mount Sinai (Monumenta Palaeographica Medii Aevi: Series Ibero-Caucasica; 2), volume 1, Turnhout: Brepols, →ISBN, page II-44
# 𐬎

| 𐬎 | U+10B0E, &#68366; AVESTAN LETTER U |
| ← 𐬍 [U+10B0D] | Avestan | 𐬏 → [U+10B0F] |

## Avestan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /u/

### Letter

𐬎 • (u)
* The fifteenth letter in the Avestan alphabet, transliterated as u
# 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐌰
## Gothic
### Adjective

𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐌰 • (garaihta)
* inflection of 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍃 (garaihts):
** strong nominative/accusative feminine singular
** strong nominative/accusative neuter plural
** weak nominative masculine singular
# 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃
## Gothic
### Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (garaidjan) +‎ -𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (-eins).

### Noun

𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 • (garaideins) f
* rule, ordinance, decree

#### Declension

Feminine i/ō-stem :
| | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 garaideins | 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍃 garaideinōs |
| Vocative | 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 garaidein | 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍃 garaideinōs |
| Accusative | 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 garaidein | 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌽𐍃 garaideinins |
| Genitive | 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃 garaideinais | 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉 garaideinō |
| Dative | 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 garaideinai | 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌼 garaideinim |
# 𐎿𐎢𐎦𐎢𐎭
## Old Persian
### Alternative forms

* 𐎿𐎢𐎥𐎭 (s-u-g-d /⁠Sugda⁠/)

### Etymology

From Sogdian *Suγδa << *Sukδa << *Sukuδa << *Sukuda, from a Proto-Iranian root that also gave Proto-Scythian *Skuδat (see Old Persian 𐎿𐎤𐎢𐎭𐎼 (Skudra, “Thrace”) and Ancient Greek Σκύθης (Skúthēs, “Scythian”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd- (“to propel, shoot, drive forth”).
Or Sug(u)da (literally “the burnt land”), cognate with Sogdian 𐼼𐼴𐼲𐽂 (swɣt) and Ossetian сугъдӕг (suǧdæg).
More at Sogdia.

### Proper noun

𐎿𐎢𐎦𐎢𐎭 (s-u-gᵘ-u-d /Suguda/)
* Sogdiana

#### Derived terms

* 𐎿𐎢𐎦𐎢𐎭𐎡𐎹 (s-u-gu-u-d-i-y /⁠Sugᵘdiya⁠/)

#### Descendants

* Middle Persian:
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (swt /⁠Sūδ⁠/)
** Persian: سغد (soğd)
* → Akkadian:
    Late Babylonian: 𒋢𒄖𒁺 (su-gu-du /⁠Sugudu⁠/), 𒋢𒄖𒌓 (su-gu-ud /⁠Sugud⁠/), 𒋢𒊌𒁺 (su-ug-du /⁠Sugdu⁠/)
* → Egyptian:
    Late Egyptian: (sꜣqdy)
* → Elamite:
    Achaemenid Elamite: 𒋗𒊌𒆪 (šu-ug-da /⁠Šugda⁠/), 𒋢𒊌𒌨 (su-ug-daš /⁠Sugdaš⁠/)

### References

* ↑ Szemerényi, Oswald (1980) Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka‎, Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, →ISBN, page 39
* 1 2 3 Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 31
* ↑ Jona Lendering, Susa, Statue of Darius, Subject R07, skdy (OP. Sugda = Sogdia), Livius.org
* ↑ Posener, Georges (1936) La première domination perse en Égypte: Recueil d’inscriptions hiéroglyphiques, page 184
# 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀
## Avestan
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *dáyjah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰáyȷ́ʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to shape, form”).

### Noun

𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 • (daēza) ?
* wall
# 𐭣𐭯𐭩𐭥
## Middle Persian
### Noun

𐭣𐭯𐭩𐭥 • (dipīr, dibīr)
* Alternative form of 𐭣𐭯𐭩𐭥𐭥 (dpywr)
# 𐭡𐭩𐭲𐭠
## Middle Persian
### Etymology

From Old Persian *vahanam (“house”), from Proto-Iranian *wāhana (“habitation”), from Proto-Iranian *Hwah-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwas-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes-. Equivalent to *h₂wes- + *-enom. Compare Sanskrit वसन (vasana, “dwelling, abiding”), Compare also Northern Luri هۏش (höş, “house, home”).
Related to d(p)ywʾn' (dēwān, “archive, collected writings”) (from Old Persian *dipi-vahanam), [script needed] (gyʾg /⁠gyāg⁠/, “place”) (whence Persian جا (jâ)).
Cognate with Sogdian [script needed] (x’n” /⁠xānā⁠/, “house”), [script needed] (x’n’kh /⁠xānāk⁠/, “house”), Parthian *vān, Khunsari ونه (vane, “dwelling”), Northern Luri هۏنںه (höna, “house”), Bakhtiari هۊنه (hune, “house”) Northern Kurdish xanî (house), Gilaki خنه (xanē, “home”), خومو (xumu, “nest”), خومه (xumē, “place-name suffix”), Mazanderani خنه (xëne, “room”).
Logogram from Aramaic 𐡁𐡉𐡕𐡀 (baytā).

### Noun

𐭡𐭩𐭲𐭠 • (BYTA /xānag/)
* house

#### Descendants

* Classical Persian: خَانَه (xāna), خونه (xune) (colloquial Tehrani)
** Dari: خَانَه (xāna)
** Iranian Persian: خَانِه (xâne), (Tehrani, colloquial) خونِه (xune)
** Tajik: хона (xona)
** → Armenian: -խանա (-xana)
** → Azerbaijani: -xana
** → Bashkir: -хана (-xana)
** → Bengali: -খানা (-khana)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: ख़ाना (xānā)
    Urdu: خَانَہ (xāna)
** → Georgian: ხანა (xana), -ხანა (-xana)
** → Kazakh: -хана (-xana)
** → Kyrgyz: -кана (-kana)
** → Ottoman Turkish: خانه (hane)
*** Turkish: hane
*** → Laz: ხანე (xane)
** → Ottoman Turkish: ـخانه (-hane)
*** Turkish: -hane
*** → Serbo-Croatian: -àna／-а̀на
** → Punjabi: خانہ (xāna, khāna) / ਖਾਨਾ (khānā)
** → Sindhi: خانو (xāno)
** → Uzbek: -xona
** → Uyghur: -خانا (-xana)
# 𐭡𐭲𐭧𐭱𐭩
## Middle Persian
### Etymology

Possibly from *pati-axša-. Akin to Parthian 𐭁𐭉𐭕𐭇𐭔 (bytḥš /⁠bēdaxš⁠/), Old Armenian բդեաշխ (bdeašx), բդեշխ (bdešx), Hatran Aramaic [script needed] (bṭḥšʾ, “a type of official”), [script needed] (pdḥšʾ), Classical Syriac ܦܛܚܫܐ (pəṭaḥšā), ܦܛܟܫܐ (pṭkšʾ), ܐܦܛܚܫܐ (ʾap̄ṭaḥšā, “satrap”), Ancient Greek πιτιάξης (pitiáxēs), πιτυάξης (pituáxēs), ἰτάξης (itáxēs, “an Alan title”), πιτιάχης (pitiákhēs), Georgian პიტიახში (ṗiṭiaxši), Latin vitaxa. The Arabic فَتَّشَ (fattaša, “to have oversight over”) is also derived from it.
Possibly related to Πατιζείθης (Patizeíthēs), Πανζούθης (Panzoúthēs), Παζάτης (Pazátēs), Πατζάτης (Patzátēs), from Old Iranian word(s) representing an Achaemenid title.

### Proper noun

𐭡𐭲𐭧𐭱𐭩 • (btḥšy /badaxš/)
* an official Sassanian title

#### Descendants

* Persian: بیدخش (bidaxš)
* Persian: بدخشان (badaxšân, “Badakhshan”)

### Further reading

* “bṭḥš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “pṭḥš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Friedrich Carl Andreas in: Christensen, Arthur (1907) L'empire des Sassanides, le peuple, l’état, la cour‎ (in French), Copenhagen: Bianco Lunos, page 11
* Eilers, W. (1988) “BADAḴŠĀN iii. The name”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York
* Khurshudian, Eduard (1998) Die parthischen und sasanidischen Verwaltungsinstitutionen. Nach den literarischen und epigraphischen Quellen 3. Jh. v. Chr. – 7. Chr. n. Chr.‎ (in German), Yerevan: Verlag des Kaukasischen Zentrums für Iranische Forschungen, pages 19–53
* Rundgren, Frithiof (1963) “Ein iranischer Beamtenname im Aramäischen”, in Orientalia Suecana‎, volume 12, pages 89–98
* Sundermann, Werner (1989) “BIDAXŠ”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York
* ↑ Wiesehöfer, Josef (Kiel), “Patizeithes”, in: Brill’s New Pauly, Antiquity volumes edited by: Hubert Cancik and , Helmuth Schneider, English Edition by: Christine F. Salazar, Classical Tradition volumes edited by: Manfred Landfester, English Edition by: Francis G. Gentry. Consulted online on 12 June 2020 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e909710> First published online: 2006 First print edition: 9789004122598, 20110510
# 𐭣

| 𐭣 | U+10B63, &#68451; INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER DALETH |
| ← 𐭢 [U+10B62] | Inscriptional Pahlavi | 𐭤 → [U+10B64] |

## Middle Persian
### Etymology

Modification of Aramaic 𐡃 (d, “daleth”).

### Letter

𐭣 • (d)
* Daleth, the fourth letter of Inscriptional Pahlavi script.

#### Coordinate terms

* Previous: 𐭢 (g)
* Next: 𐭤 (h)

### See also

* 𐭃 (d) (Parthian daleth)
# 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉
## Gothic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sternǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Cognate to Crimean Gothic stein (misprint for *stern). Identical in formation to Old Norse stjarna, and, more distantly, cognate to Koine Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr), which it translates.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstɛr.noː/

### Noun

𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 • (stairnō) f
* (hapax) star (luminous celestial body)
** 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Mark (Codex Argenteus) 13.25:𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌽𐍃 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐍉𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌼 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰.jah stairnōns himinis wairþand driusandeins jah mahteis þōs in himinam gawagjanda.And the stars of heaven shall fall, and the powers that are in heaven shall be shaken. (KJV).

#### Declension

No singular forms are attested, but they probably existed.
Feminine ōn-stem :
| | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 stairnō | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌽𐍃 stairnōns |
| Vocative | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 stairnō | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌽𐍃 stairnōns |
| Accusative | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌽 stairnōn | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌽𐍃 stairnōns |
| Genitive | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌽𐍃 stairnōns | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌽𐍉 stairnōnō |
| Dative | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌽 stairnōn | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌼 stairnōm |

#### Coordinate terms

* 𐌰𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌻 (auzandil, “the morning star”)
* 𐌼𐌴𐌽𐌰 (mēna, “the Moon”)
* 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 (sauil, “the Sun”)
* 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉 (sunnō, “the Sun”)

#### See also

* 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌻 (tuggl)

### References

* ↑ Mark chapter 13 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.

### Further reading

* Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) “S131. *stairno”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 322
* Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 128
# 𗰭

| 𗰭 | U+17C2D, &#97325; TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-17C2D |
| ← 𗰬 [U+17C2C] | Tangut | 𗰮 → [U+17C2E] |

## Tangut
### Pronunciation

* (Li Fanwen 2008): *śja¹
* (Miyake 2019): *¹sha₃
* (Kychanov 2006): *śi̯a¹
* (Sofronov 1968): *śi̭a¹
* (Nishida 1966): *šǐa¹

### Numeral

𗰭 (sha)
* ten
# 𒊠

| 𒊠 | U+122A0, &#74400; CUNEIFORM SIGN SAG TIMES SHID |
| ← 𒊟 [U+1229F] | Cuneiform | 𒊡 → [U+122A1] |

## Translingual
### Cuneiform sign

| 𒊠 | Sign Number |
| MZL | 191 |
| Deimel | 117 |
| HZL | — |

### References

* R. Borger, Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon (MZL), Münster (2003)
* A. Deimel, Šumerisches Lexikon (Deimel), Rome (1947)
* Chr. Rüster, E. Neu, Hethitisches Zeichenlexikon (HZL), Wiesbaden (1989)
# 𑀆𑀡𑀁𑀤𑀺𑀬
## Prakrit
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit आनन्दित (ānandita). Related to 𑀆𑀡𑀁𑀤 (āṇaṃda).

### Adjective

𑀆𑀡𑀁𑀤𑀺𑀬 (āṇaṃdiya) (Devanagari आणंदिय, Kannada ಆಣಂದಿಯ) (Māhārāṣṭrī)
* happy, joyous

#### Declension
### References

* Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “आणंदिय”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 109.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “āṇaṁdiya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 53
# 𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲
## Prakrit
### Noun

𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀲 (āgāsa) m (Devanagari आगास)
* alternative form of 𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲 (ākāsa, “sky, space”)

#### Declension
### References

* Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “आगास”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 107.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ākāśá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 45