# secale
## Latin
### Etymology

Unknown. Maybe a loanword from a language spoken in the Balkans. Has been compared unconvincingly to sēcula (“sickle”) and secō (“to cut”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈseː.ka.le/, [ˈs̠eːkäɫ̪ɛ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈse.ka.le/, [ˈsɛːkäle]

### Noun

sēcale n (genitive sēcalis); third declension
* rye, a kind of grain

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | sēcale | sēcalia |
| Genitive | sēcalis | sēcalium |
| Dative | sēcalī | sēcalibus |
| Accusative | sēcale | sēcalia |
| Ablative | sēcalī | sēcalibus |
| Vocative | sēcale | sēcalia |

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: sicarã
** Romanian: secară
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: segale, ⇒ segala
** Tuscan and Central Italian: segale, segole ⇒ segala, segola, seguala
** Sicilian: sègala
* Padanian:
** Emilian: séigar, sègher, sagle, säigle, ségul, sègal ⇒ segla, segàra, séigala, sgala
** Friulian: siale
** ⇒ Ligurian: séia, séiga, sêga
** Lombard:
    Alpine: ⇒ sèila, sèa
    Occidental seghel, ségal ⇒ segla, segra, selgra, ségria, sega
    Oriental: séghel, ségal, sìgal
** Piedmontese: sèil, sèi, sail, sèl, sè ⇒ segla, seirada
*** → Vivaro-Alpine: sèil, sèi
** Romagnol: segle, ségal, ségol, ségul, ségual
** ⇒ Venetan: siala, segala, segała
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal:
    Bressan: ⇒ sèglla, sèlya, sêlya
    Dauphinois: sêgla, sîdia
    Forézien: sêly, sêlyi
    Fribourgeois: ⇒ sàela
    Genevois: ⇒ sâla
    Lyonnais: sêgl ⇒ ségla, sêlya
    Jurassien: ⇒ sélyo, sêglo, sèlo
    Neuchâtelois: sèly
    Savoyard: sèla, séila, sèlya, sêla, sala
    Valaisin: ⇒ sèila, sèlya, sêgla, sila
    Valdôtain: ⇒ sèila
    Vaudois: sêgle ⇒ sèlya, saèla, sâla, sèla
** Old French: soile
*** Bourbonnais-Berrichon: seille
*** Bourguignon: soille
*** Champenois: soâle
*** Franc-Comtois: soile
*** Picard: soile
*** Walloon: swele, soil
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Aragonese: ségal
    Ribagorçan: selga, séguel
** Catalan: sègol, segle, ségol, sèguel, sègal
** Old Occitan: segle
*** Auvergnat: selhe ⇒ selha, silha
*** Gascon: segle
*** Languedocien: segal, segle, siegle, sial, siàl, segol, siol ⇒ segla
*** Limousin: segle, seglhe, selhe
    Foishenc: séguel, séguelh
    Cevenòl: ⇒ segia, selha
*** Provençal: segle, segue, segie ⇒ segla
*** Vivaro-Alpine: sèu, sege ⇒ segla, sela, selha, seja
    Valadas: ⇒ sega
*** →? Old French: segle, seygle, soigle
**** Middle French: seigle
***** French: seigle
* Borrowings
** → Byzantine Greek: σίκαλη (síkalē)
*** Greek: σίκαλη (síkali)
** →⇒ English: triticale (in part)
** → Old English: sigle
** → Old Irish: secal
*** Irish: seagal
*** Scottish Gaelic: seagal
** → Translingual: Secale

### References

* ↑ Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954) “secale”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 504

### Further reading

* “secale”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* secale in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* secale in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Spanish
### Verb

secale
* second-person singular voseo imperative of secar combined with le