# 忝

| 忝 | U+5FDD, &#24541; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FDD |
| ← 応 [U+5FDC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 忞 → [U+5FDE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

忝 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 7 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 竹大心 (HKP) or 一大心 (MKP), four-corner 2033$_3$, composition ⿱天㣺(GHTKV) or ⿱夭㣺(J))

#### Derived characters

* 添, 舔, 掭, 悿, 婖, 㖭, 㮇, 䋬, 𡍞, 𤲖, 𥪌, 𢧏, 𧨩, 𩋅, 𩡋, 𫔗, 𬁮, 菾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 377, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10348
* Dae Jaweon: page 704, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2279, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5FDD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 添 | *tʰiːm |
| 忝 | *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms |
| 悿 | *tʰiːmʔ |
| 舔 | *l̥ʰiːmʔ |
| 菾 | *diːm |
| 天 | *qʰl'iːn |
| 吞 | *qʰl'iːn, *qʰl'ɯːn |
| 祆 | *qʰliːn |
| 蚕 | *zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms) : phonetic 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn) + semantic 心 (“heart”)

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tiǎn (tian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tim$^2$ / tim$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tiǎn
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^3$
*** Yale: tyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tean
*** Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tim$^2$ / tim$^5$
*** Yale: tím / tíhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tim$^2$ / tim$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tim$^2$ / tim$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiːm³⁵/, /tʰiːm¹³/
* Middle Chinese: themX, themH
Rime :
| Character | 忝 | 忝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 添 (157) | 添 (157) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 他玷切 | 他念切 |
| Baxter | themX | themH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰem$^X$/ | /tʰem$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰem$^X$/ | /tʰem$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɛm$^X$/ | /tʰɛm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰɛm$^X$/ | /tʰɛm$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰem$^X$/ | /tʰem$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰiem$^X$/ | /tʰiem$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tʰiem$^X$/ | /tʰiem$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tiǎn | tiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tim$^2$ | tim$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤ[i]mʔ/, /*l̥ˤ[i]mʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰiːmʔ/, /*l̥ʰiːms/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 忝 | 忝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tiǎn | tiǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ them$^X$ › | ‹ them$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ˁ[i]mʔ/ | /*l̥ˁ[i]mʔ-s/ |
| English | disgrace (v.) | disgrace |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 忝 | 忝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 12382 | 12385 |
| Phonetic component | 天 | 天 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 忝 | 㮇 |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ʰiːmʔ/ | /*l̥ʰiːms/ |

#### Definitions

忝
* (literary) to shame
* (literary, self-deprecatory) ashamedly; with disgrace

#### Compounds

* 忝列門牆／忝列门墙
* 忝在愛末／忝在爱末
* 忝眷
* 忝私
* 忝竊／忝窃
* 忝累
* 無忝所生／无忝所生
* 身名無忝／身名无忝

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thiám
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiám
*** Tâi-lô: thiám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tiarm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiam⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiam⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiam⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰiam⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiam⁴¹/

#### Definitions

忝
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 悿 (“tired; serious”)

### References

* “Entry #3894”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): てん (ten)
* Kun: かたじけない (katajikenai, 忝い)

## Korean
### Hanja

忝 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

忝: Hán Nôm readings: thỏm, thiểm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation