# 聞こえる
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 聞
* き Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 聞える

### Etymology

⟨ki$_1$ka yu⟩ → ⟨ki$_1$ko$_2$yu⟩ → */kʲikəju/ → /kikoju/ → /kikojeru/ → /kikoeru/
From Old Japanese verb 聞こゆ (kikoyu), itself derived from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 聞く (kiku, “to hear, listen”) kika + ゆ (-yu, attributive suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きこえる [kìkóérú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲi̥ko̞e̞ɾɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「聞こえる」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 聞こえる | きこえる | [kìkóérú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 聞こえろ | きこえろ | [kìkóéró] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 聞こえられる | きこえられる | [kìkóérárérú] |
| Causative | 聞こえさせる | きこえさせる | [kìkóésásérú] |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 聞こえよう | きこえよー | [kìkóéyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 聞こえない | きこえない | [kìkóénáí] |
| Negative perfective | 聞こえなかった | きこえなかった | [kìkóénáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 聞こえます | きこえます | [kìkóémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 聞こえた | きこえた | [kìkóétá] |
| Conjunctive | 聞こえて | きこえて | [kìkóété] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 聞こえれば | きこえれば | [kìkóéréꜜbà] |

### Verb

聞(き)こえる • (kikoeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 聞(き)こえ (kikoe), past 聞(き)こえた (kikoeta))
Japanese verb pair :
| active | 聞く |
| mediopassive | 聞こえる |
* to be heard
    蝉(せみ)の鳴(な)き声(ごえ)が聞(き)こえる。
       Semi no nakigoe ga kikoeru.
       I can hear the chirping of cicadas.
* to be audible
    彼(かれ)の携(けい)帯(たい)電(でん)話(わ)が、映(えい)画(が)館(かん)の観(かん)客(きゃく)全(ぜん)員(いん)が聞(き)こえるぐらいに鳴(な)り響(ひび)いた。
       Kare no keitai denwa ga, eigakan no kankyaku zen'in ga kikoeru gurai ni narihibiita.
       His cellphone rang loud enough for everyone in the movie theater to hear it.
    海(うみ)が聞(き)こえる。
       Umi ga kikoeru.
       I can hear the ocean.
** 2006 November 7, Hideaki Sorachi, “第(だい)百(ひゃく)二(に)十(じゅう)八(はち)訓(くん)　運(うん)に身(み)分(ぶん)は関(かん)係(けい)ない [Lesson 128: Luck Has Nothing to Do with Social Status]”, in 銀(ぎん)魂(たま) [Silver Soul], volume 15 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
    ヤベーよ　なんで４(よん)番(ばん)引(ひ)いてんだよ　あのバカ殿(との)　ヤベーよ　怒(おこ)ってるよアレ絶(ぜっ)対(たい)勘(かん)弁(べん)してくれよ　悪(わる)気(ぎ)はなかったんだよ　しかも　よりによってもっさりブリーフの日(ひ)にあたっちまったよ　恥(はじ)の上(うわ)塗(ぬ)りだよ将(しょう)軍(ぐん)家(け)は代(だい)々(だい)　もっさりブリーフ派(は)だヤベーよ　きこえてたよ　しかも毎(まい)日(にち)もっさりライフだよ
       Yabē yo Nan de yonban hiiten da yo ano bakatono Yabē yo Okotteru yo are Zettai kanben shite kure yo Warugi wa nakattan da yo Shikamo yoriniyotte mossari burīfu no hi ni atatchimatta yo Haji no uwanuri da yo
       We’re screwed! Why did the stupid lord have to draw number 4!? We’re screwed! He’s really mad! Please leave me outta this! And he’s wearing such lame briefs today of all days! Which makes him even more pathetic!
       Shōgunke wa daidai mossari burīfu-ha da
       For generations of the shogun clan, we’ve always been fans of lame briefs
       Yabē yo Kikoeteta yo Shikamo mainichi mossari raifu da yo
       We’re screwed! He heard me! And he’s been lame all his life!
** 2006 November 7, Hideaki Sorachi, “第(だい)百(ひゃく)二(に)十(じゅう)八(はち)訓(くん)　運(うん)に身(み)分(ぶん)は関(かん)係(けい)ない [Lesson 128: Luck Has Nothing to Do with Social Status]”, in 銀(ぎん)魂(たま) [Silver Soul], volume 15 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
    ヤベーよ　二(に)週(しゅう)連(れん)続(ぞく)モザイクトーン使(し)用(よう)だよ　ネタ切(ぎ)れだと思(おも)われるよ　しかも　将(しょう)軍(ぐん)あっちの方(ほう)は将(しょう)軍(ぐん)じゃねーよ　足(あし)軽(がる)だよ将(しょう)軍(ぐん)家(け)は代(だい)々(だい)あっちの方(ほう)は足(あし)軽(がる)だヤベーよ　きこえてたよ　もう確(かく)実(じつ)に打(う)ち首(くび)獄(ごく)門(もん)だよ
       Yabē yo Nishū renzoku mozaiku tōn shiyō dayo Netagire da to omowareru yo Shikamo shōgun atchi no hō wa shōgun ja nē yo Ashigaru da yo
       We’re screwed! We’ve been using pixelated imagery two weeks in a row now! People will think we’re running out of ideas! And his bit down there is barely a shogun! More like a foot soldier!
       Shōgunke wa daidai atchi no hō wa ashigaru da
       For generations of the shōgun clan, our bits down there have always been foot soldiers
       Yabē yo Kikoeteta yo Mō kakujitsu ni uchikubigokumon da yo
       We’re screwed! He heard me again! Our heads are gonna be put on display!
* sound, be taken as (give someone a certain impression from hearing)
* to be widely known; to be famous

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 聞こえ | きこえ | kikoe |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 聞こえ | きこえ | kikoe |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 聞こえる | きこえる | kikoeru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 聞こえる | きこえる | kikoeru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 聞こえれ | きこえれ | kikoere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 聞こえよ¹ 聞こえろ² | きこえよ¹ きこえろ² | kikoeyo¹ kikoero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 聞こえられる | きこえられる | kikoerareru |
| Causative | 聞こえさせる 聞こえさす | きこえさせる きこえさす | kikoesaseru kikoesasu |
| Potential | 聞こえられる 聞こえれる³ | きこえられる きこえれる³ | kikoerareru kikoereru³ |
| Volitional | 聞こえよう | きこえよう | kikoeyō |
| Negative | 聞こえない 聞こえぬ 聞こえん | きこえない きこえぬ きこえん | kikoenai kikoenu kikoen |
| Negative continuative | 聞こえず | きこえず | kikoezu |
| Formal | 聞こえます | きこえます | kikoemasu |
| Perfective | 聞こえた | きこえた | kikoeta |
| Conjunctive | 聞こえて | きこえて | kikoete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 聞こえれば | きこえれば | kikoereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||

#### Derived terms

* 聞(き)こえ (kikoe)
* 聞(き)こえた (kikoeta)
* 聞(き)こえよがし (kikoeyogashi)
* 世(よ)に聞(き)こえる (yo ni kikoeru)

### See also

* 聞(き)く (kiku, “to listen”)
* 見(み)える (mieru, “to be visible”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.