# ὡς
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɔːs/ → /os/ → /os/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hɔːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /(h)os/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /os/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /os/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /os/

### Etymology 1

* PIE word
* *yós
From the relative pronoun ὅς (hós) +‎ -ως (-ōs, adverbial suffix).

#### Alternative forms

* ἇτε (hâte) — Doric, Laconian

#### Adverb

ὡς • (hōs) (relative adverb)
* the introduction to similes
** like as, as, just as
** according as
* (with adverbial clauses)
** (parenthetically) to qualify a general statement; as it seems
** (in elliptical phrases) so far as....
** (attached to the object of a verb) as
* (to limit or augment the force of adverbs)

#### Conjunction

ὡς • (hōs)
* (subordinating conjunction or complementizer, introducing dependent or subordinate clause)
* (with noun clauses) introducing a clause expressing a fact: that (with indicative or optative)
* (final) introducing a clause expressing an end or purpose: that, so that, in order that, so (with subjunctive or optative)
* (consequential) introducing a clause expressing a result: so that
* (causal) as, since, because
* (temporal) when
* (modal) how
** 3rd century BCE, Menander, Aspis:ὡς καλόνhōs kalónHow good!
* (local) where

##### See also

| type | interrogative | indefinite | (medial) demonstrative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | relative | indefinite relative | identity | other |
| basic | τίς | τις, ἔνιοι | †ὁ, οὗτος | ὅδε | ἐκεῖνος | ὅς | ὅστις | ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός | ἕτερος, ἄλλος |
| dual | πότερος | πότερος, ποτερός | | | | ὁπότερος | ὁπότερος | | |
| quality | ποῖος | ποιός | †τοῖος, τοιοῦτος | τοιόσδε | | οἷος | ὁποῖος | ὅμοιος | ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος |
| quantity | πόσος | ποσός | †τόσος, τοσοῦτος | τοσόσδε | | ὅσος | ὁπόσος | | |
| manner | πῶς | πως | †τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως | ὧδε | | ὡς | ὅπως | ὁμῶς | ἑτέρως, ἄλλως |
| method, path, place | πῇ | πῃ | τῇ, ταύτῃ | τῇδε | ἐκείνῃ | ᾗ | ὅπῃ | | ἄλλῃ |
| place | ποῦ, †πόθι | που, †ποθι | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνθάδε | ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι | οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι | ὅπου, †ὁπόθι | αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ | ἄλλοθι |
| source | πόθεν | ποθεν | †τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν | ἐνθένδε | ἐκεῖθεν | ὅθεν | ὁπόθεν | †ὁμόθεν | ἄλλοθεν |
| destination | ποῖ, †πόσε | ποι | ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα | ἐνθάδε, δεῦρο | ἐκεῖσε | οἷ | ὅποι, †ὁπόσε | αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε | ἄλλοσε |
| time | πότε, πῆμος | ποτέ, ποτε, τοτέ, ἐνίοτε | τότε, τῆμος | τημόσδε | | ὅτε, ἦμος | ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος | ἅμα | ἄλλοτε |
| exact time | πηνίκα | | †τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα | τηνικάδε | | ἡνίκα | ὁπηνίκα | αὐτίκα | |
| duration of time | | | τέως | | | ἕως | | | |
| size, age | πηλίκος | πηλίκος | †τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος | τηλικόσδε | | ἡλίκος | ὁπηλίκος | ὁμῆλιξ | |
| repetition | ποσάκις, ποσίνδα | ποσάκις | τουτάκις, τοσάκις | | | †ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις | ὁποσάκις | | |
| multiplication | ποσαπλάσιος | | | | | ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων | | | |
| order | πόστος | ποστός | | | | | ὁπόστος | | |
| † Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions. ||||||||||

#### Descendants

* Greek: ως (os)

### Etymology 2

* PIE word
* *só
From the demonstrative pronoun ὁ (ho) +‎ -ως (-ōs, adverbial suffix).

#### Adverb

ὡς • (hōs) (demonstrative adverb)
* in καὶ ὧς: even so, nevertheless
* in comparisons, ὥς (hṓs)... ὡς (hōs) or ὡς (hōs)... ὣς (hṑs): so... as...
* thus, for instance

##### Alternative forms

* ὧς (hôs)

### References

* “ὡς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ὡς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ὡς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ὡς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ὡς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “ὡς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G5613 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. about idem, page 2.among idem, page 27.as idem, page 42.because idem, page 68.before idem, page 69.even idem, page 284.for idem, page 334.how idem, page 408.however idem, page 408.like idem, page 491.nearly idem, page 553.order idem, page 578.prepare idem, page 635.presence idem, page 636.since idem, page 777.so idem, page 790.that idem, page 863.to idem, page 878.when idem, page 975.