# 食言
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shíyán
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sik$^6$ jin$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): si̍t-giân / si̍t-gân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziah$^8$ ngang$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shíyán
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shíhyán
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^2$-yen$^2$
*** Yale: shŕ-yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyryan
*** Palladius: шиянь (šijanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩³⁵ jɛn³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$食言 食鹽／食盐
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sik$^6$ jin$^4$
*** Yale: sihk yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sik$^9$ jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xig$^6$ yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪk̚² jiːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t-giân
*** Tâi-lô: si̍t-giân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sidgieen
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /sit̚⁴⁻³² ɡiɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sit̚⁴⁻³² ɡiɛn²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚²⁴⁻² ɡiɛn²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t-gân
*** Tâi-lô: si̍t-gân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sidgaan
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡan¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziah$^8$ ngang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsia̍h ngâng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siaʔ⁴⁻² ŋaŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: zyik ngjon
Rime :
| Character | 食 | 言 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 船 (27) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) | 元 (65) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 乗力切 | 語軒切 |
| Baxter | zyik | ngjon |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʑɨk̚/ | /ŋɨɐn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʑɨk̚/ | /ŋiɐn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʑiek̚/ | /ŋiɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʑik̚/ | /ŋɨan/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʑiək̚/ | /ŋiɐn/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʑĭək̚/ | /ŋĭɐn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/ | /ŋɨ̯ɐn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shí | yán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sik$^6$ | jin$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-lək ŋa[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯɡ ŋan/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 食 | 言 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 3/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shí | yán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zyik › | ‹ ngjon › |
| Old Chinese | /*mə-lək/ | /*ŋa[n]/ |
| English | eat | speak; speech |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 食 | 言 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11477 | 14271 |
| Phonetic component | 食 | 言 |
| Rime group | 職 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 言 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɦljɯɡ/ | /*ŋan/ |

### Verb

食言
* to go back on one's word; to break one's promise
    From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
    Ěr wú bù xìn, zhèn bù shíyán. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* 失信 (shīxìn)

#### Derived terms

* 食言而肥 (shíyán'érféi)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 食(しょく)言(げん) (shokugen)
* → Korean: 식언(食言) (sigeon)