# 成人
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chéngrén
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄖㄣˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sing$^4$ jan$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): sen$^4$ ngin$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n-ngìn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sen$^2$ ngin$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sêng-jîn / sêng-lîn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéngrén
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéngrén
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$-jên$^2$
*** Yale: chéng-rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngren
*** Palladius: чэнжэнь (čɛnžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$成人 成仁
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^4$ jan$^4$
*** Yale: sìhng yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^4$ jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^4$ yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$成人 成仁
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: sen$^4$ ngin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sen²¹ ᵑɡin²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n-ngìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin$^ˇ$ ngin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^2$ ngin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹ ŋin¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sen$^2$ ngin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sən¹¹ ŋin¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-jîn
*** Tâi-lô: sîng-jîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sengjiin
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ zin²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ¹³⁻²² d͡zin¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-lîn
*** Tâi-lô: sîng-lîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sengliin
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

#### Noun

成人
* adult; grown-up
    成人教育 ― chéngrén jiàoyù ― adult education
* (literary) talented and virtuous person
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Jīn zhī chéngrén zhě, hé bìrán? Jiànlì sīyì, jiànwēi shòumìng, jiǔ yào bùwàng píngshēng zhī yán, yì kěyǐ wéi chéngrén yǐ. [Pinyin]
    For someone to be deemed a complete man nowadays, what need does he have for all this? If – seeing profit – his thoughts turn to what is right, and – seeing danger – he is ready to give up his life, and if he can long endure hardship without forgetting the teachings that have guided his ordinary life, he may indeed be deemed a complete man.

##### Synonyms

* (adult):
* 大人 (dàrén)
* 成年人 (chéngniánrén)
* 成年者 (chéngniánzhě)

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “adult”):
* 囡仔人 (Hokkien)
* 未成年人 (wèichéngniánrén)
* 未成年者 (wèichéngniánzhě)

##### Derived terms

* 成人內容／成人内容 (chéngrén nèiróng)
* 成人化 (chéngrénhuà)
* 成人年齡／成人年龄 (chéngrén niánlíng)
* 成人教育 (chéngrén jiàoyù)
* 成人用品 (chéngrén yòngpǐn)
* 成人高考 (chéngrén gāokǎo)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chéngrén
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄖㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sing$^4$ jan$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sàng-ngìn
* Eastern Min (BUC): sìng-ìng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiâⁿ-lâng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéngrén
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéngrén
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$-jên$^2$
*** Yale: chéng-rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngren
*** Palladius: чэнжэнь (čɛnžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$成人 成仁
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^4$ jan$^4$
*** Yale: sìhng yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^4$ jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^4$ yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$成人 成仁
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sàng-ngìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: sang$^ˇ$ ngin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sang$^2$ ngin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /saŋ¹¹ ŋin¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng-ìng
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ⁵³⁻³³ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋiŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâⁿ-lâng
*** Tâi-lô: tsiânn-lâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cvialaang
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siã²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siã²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siã¹³⁻²² laŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siã²⁴⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siã²³⁻³³ laŋ²³/

#### Verb

成人
* to grow up; to become full-grown
* to make something of oneself; to become worthy of respect
* (literary) to bring someone up
* (of a prostitute) to lose virginity

##### Synonyms

* (to grow up): 長大／长大 (zhǎngdà); (Hokkien) 大漢／大汉

#### Adjective

成人
* (Hakka, Southern Min, of a person) presentable; decent

### Pronunciation 3

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiâⁿ--lâng
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiâⁿ--lâng
*** Tâi-lô: tshiânn--lâng

#### Verb

成人
* (Xiamen Hokkien) to betroth (a girl)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 成 | 人 |
| せい Grade: 4 | じん Grade: 1 |
| kan'on ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せーじん [sèéjíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [se̞ːʑĩɴ]
** Homophones: 世塵, 西人, 征人, 聖人

### Noun

成(せい)人(じん) • (seijin)
* an adult; a grown-up
    成人(せいじん)の平均身長(へいきんしんちょう)
       seijin no heikin shinchō
       average height of adults
    成人(せいじん)向(む)けゲーム
       seijin-muke gēmu
       video game for adults; pornographic video game
    成人(せいじん)済(ず)み
       seijin-zumi
       (social media) minors DNI
       (literally, “already an adult”)

#### Usage notes

* In Japan, the legal age for adulthood was changed from 20 to 18 on April 1, 2022.

### Verb

成(せい)人(じん)する • (seijin suru) suru (stem 成(せい)人(じん)し (seijin shi), past 成(せい)人(じん)した (seijin shita))
* to reach adulthood; to come of age

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 成人し | せいじんし | seijin shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 成人し | せいじんし | seijin shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 成人する | せいじんする | seijin suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 成人する | せいじんする | seijin suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 成人すれ | せいじんすれ | seijin sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 成人せよ¹ 成人しろ² | せいじんせよ¹ せいじんしろ² | seijin seyo¹ seijin shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 成人される | せいじんされる | seijin sareru |
| Causative | 成人させる 成人さす | せいじんさせる せいじんさす | seijin saseru seijin sasu |
| Potential | 成人できる | せいじんできる | seijin dekiru |
| Volitional | 成人しよう | せいじんしよう | seijin shiyō |
| Negative | 成人しない | せいじんしない | seijin shinai |
| Negative continuative | 成人せず | せいじんせず | seijin sezu |
| Formal | 成人します | せいじんします | seijin shimasu |
| Perfective | 成人した | せいじんした | seijin shita |
| Conjunctive | 成人して | せいじんして | seijin shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 成人すれば | せいじんすれば | seijin sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 成 | 人 |

### Noun

成人 • (seong'in) (hangeul 성인)
* hanja form of 성인 (“adult, grown-up”)