OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ભારત
## Gujarati

Picture dictionary :
ભારત
ભારતીય ગણરાજ્ય
જમ્મૂ અને કાશ્મીર
પંજાબ
હરિયાણા
રાજસ્થાન
ગુજરાત
હિમાચલ પ્રદેશ
ઉત્તરાખંડ
ઉત્તર પ્રદેશ
બિહાર
ઝારખંડ
મધ્ય પ્રદેશ
મહારાષ્ટ્ર
છત્તીસગઢ
ઓરિસા
પશ્ચિમ બંગાળ
તેલંગાણા
કર્ણાટક
ગોઆ
આંધ્ર પ્રદેશ
કેરળ
તમિળનાડુ
અરુણાચલ પ્રદેશ
આસામ
સિક્કિમ
નાગાલેંડ
અંદામાન
બાંગ્લાદેશ
શ્રીલંકા
માલદીવ
ચીન
અફગાનિસ્તાન
પાકિસ્તાન
નેપાળ :
* પાકિસ્તાનપાકિસ્તાન
* બાંગ્લાદેશબાંગ્લાદેશ

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit भारत (bhārata).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈbʱɑ.ɾət̪/

### Proper noun

ભારત • (bhārat) m
* India (a country in South Asia)
    Synonyms: ઇન્ડિયા (inḍiyā), હિંદુસ્તાન (hindustān)
    ભારત ૧૯૪૭ માં આજાદ થયો।bhārat 1947 mā̃ ājād thayo.India became independent in 1947.
* (chiefly historical, proscribed in modern use) the Indian subcontinent, India (a region of South Asia, traditionally delimited by the Himalayas and the Indus river; the Indian subcontinent)

## Sanskrit

* ভাৰত (Assamese script)
* ᬪᬵᬭᬢ (Balinese script)
* ভারত (Bengali script)
* 𑰥𑰯𑰨𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀪𑀸𑀭𑀢 (Brahmi script)
* ဘာရတ (Burmese script)
* भारत (Devanagari script)
* ਭਾਰਤ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌭𑌾𑌰𑌤 (Grantha script)
* ꦨꦴꦫꦠ (Javanese script)
* 𑂦𑂰𑂩𑂞 (Kaithi script)
* ಭಾರತ (Kannada script)
* ភារត (Khmer script)
* ຠາຣຕ (Lao script)
* ഭാരത (Malayalam script)
* ᢨᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘥𑘰𑘨𑘝 (Modi script)
* ᠪᠾᠠᢗᠷᠠᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧅𑧑𑧈𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐨𑐵𑐬𑐟 (Newa script)
* ଭାରତ (Odia script)
* ꢩꢵꢬꢡ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆨𑆳𑆫𑆠 (Sharada script)
* 𑖥𑖯𑖨𑖝 (Siddham script)
* භාරත (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩳𑩛𑩼𑩫 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚡𑚭𑚤𑚙 (Takri script)
* ப⁴ாரத (Tamil script)
* భారత (Telugu script)
* ภารต (Thai script)
* བྷཱ་ར་ཏ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒦𑒰𑒩𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨡𑨊𑨫𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Adjective

ભારત • (bhārata) stem
* Gujarati script form of भारत

### Noun

ભારત • (bhārata) stem, m
* Gujarati script form of भारत

### Proper noun

ભારત • (bhārata) stem, n
* Gujarati script form of भारत
# ਤੁਰਨਾ
## Punjabi
### Alternative forms

* ਟੁਰਨਾ (ṭurnā) (dialectal)

### Etymology

Inherited from Paisaci Prakrit [Term?] (compare Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀭𑀤𑀺 (turadi)), from Sanskrit तुरति (turati).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪ʊɾ.nɑː/
* Rhymes: -ɑː
* Hyphenation: ਤੁਰ‧ਨਾ

### Verb

ਤੁਰਨਾ • (turnā) (intransitive, Shahmukhi spelling تُرنا)
* to walk, stroll
    Synonym: ਚੱਲਣਾ (callaṇā)

#### Conjugation

$^1$The presence of theਲ਼ (ḷa) phoneme can vary by dialect ਲ (la).
$^1$Some dialects conjugate ਸੀ (sī) for person and number (from left to right): ਸਾਂ (sā̃), ਸੈ (sai), ਸੋ (so), ਸਾਂ (sā̃), ਸਨ (san). $^2$Colloquially, ਹਨ (han) is always ਨੇ (ne) in the Majhi dialect. $^3$Dialectal.
# ભૌતિકશાસ્ત્ર
## Gujarati
### Etymology

From ભૌતિક (bhautik) +‎ શાસ્ત્ર (śāstra).

### Noun

ભૌતિકશાસ્ત્ર • (bhautikśāstra) n
* physics
    Synonym: ભૌતિકવિજ્ઞાન (bhautikvijñān)
# ল্ত
## Translingual
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lt̪/, /lt/ (may vary by language)

### Ligature

ল্ত (lta)
* The conjunct letter in the Bengali abugida. Conjunct by ল (la) and ত (ta)
# વોલરસ
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Borrowed from English walrus (/⁠wôlrəs⁠/).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈʋol.ɾəs/

### Noun

વોલરસ • (volras) f
* walrus
# વ્યવહાર
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit व्यवहार (vyavahāra).

### Noun

વ્યવહાર • (vyavhār) m
* behavior
# ਮੂਰਛਾ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मूर्छा (mūrchā).

### Noun

ਮੂਰਛਾ • (mūrchā) f
* swoon, faint
* unconsciousness, catalepsy, coma
* trance

#### Related terms

* ਮੂਰਛਿਤ (mūrchit, “unconscious”, adjective)

### Further reading

* “ਮੂਰਛਾ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# ਮੂਤਰ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मूत्र (mūtra). Doublet of ਮੂਤ (mūt, Malwai).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /muː.t̪ə.ɾə̆/
* Rhymes: -əɾ

### Noun

ਮੂਤਰ • (mūtar) m (Shahmukhi spelling موتر)
* urine
    Synonym: ਪਿਸ਼ਾਬ (piśāb)

#### Declension
### References

* “ਮੂਤਰ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# હાજરબજાર
## Gujarati
### Etymology

From હાજર (hājar) +‎ બજાર (bajār).

### Noun

હાજરબજાર • (hājrabjār) n or f
* call market
# ટૂંટિયું
## Gujarati
### Noun

ટૂંટિયું • (ṭū̃ṭiyũ) n
* influenza
# அமுதம்
## Tamil
### Etymology

From Sanskrit अमृत (amṛta), doublet of அவிழ்தம் (aviḻtam) and அமிர்தம் (amirtam).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐmʊd̪ɐm/

### Noun

அமுதம் • (amutam)
* (fantasy, mythology) elixir, ambrosia
    Synonym: சாவாமருந்து (cāvāmaruntu)
* nectar, honey
    Synonym: தேன் (tēṉ)
* water, rain
    Synonyms: நீர் (nīr), தண்ணீர் (taṇṇīr), ஜலம் (jalam), மாரி (māri), மழை (maḻai), வருஷம் (varuṣam)
* curd
    Synonym: தயிர் (tayir)

#### Declension
### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “அமுதம்”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# ଝ଼

* A user has added this entry to requests for verification
* If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

## Odia
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒʱɔ/

### Letter

ଝ଼ (jha)
* A character in the Odia abugida used to write loanwords.
# શબિસ્તાન
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شبستان (šabistān).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈʃə.bis.t̪ɑn/
* Rhymes: -ɑn
* Hyphenation: શ‧બિ‧સ્‧તાન

### Noun

શબિસ્તાન • (śabistān) n
* bedroom
    Synonym: શયનગૃહ (śayangŕh)
* (Islam) shabestan
# શમવું
## Gujarati
### Verb

શમવું • (śamvũ)
* fall silent, become calm or quiet
* to perish
# તટસ્થપણું
## Gujarati
### Etymology

From તટસ્થ (taṭasth) +‎ -પણું (-paṇũ).

### Noun

તટસ્થપણું • (taṭasthapṇũ) n
* neutrality, impartiality
    Synonyms: તટસ્થતા (taṭasthatā), નિષ્પક્ષતા (niṣpakṣatā)
# அவ்வாறு
## Tamil
### Etymology

From அ (a, pronominal base) +‎ ஆறு (āṟu). see Proto-Dravidian *a-. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐʋːaːrʊ/, [ɐʋːaːrɯ]

### Adverb

அவ்வாறு • (avvāṟu)
* in that way, in that manner, like that
* similarly

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “அவ்வாறு”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# அவ்ள்
## Kota (India)
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *awaḷ (“that woman”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐʋɭ/
* Hyphenation: அவ்ள்

### Pronoun

அவ்ள் (avḷ)
* (distal) she, that woman
    Antonym: அவ்ன் m (avṉ)

#### Related terms

* இவ்ன் (ivṉ, “this man”)
* அவ்ன் (avṉ, “that man”)
* அவ்ர் (avr, “those people”)
* எவ்ன் (evṉ, “which man”)

### References

* Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 1.
# அவ்வழி
## Tamil
### Etymology

From அ- (a-, “pronominal base”) +‎ வழி (vaḻi, “way”). (See Proto-Dravidian *a-).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐʋːɐɻɪ/, [ɐʋːɐɻi]

### Adverb

அவ்வழி • (avvaḻi)
* in that way, according to that course
* after that

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “அவ்வழி”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# લીખ
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit लिक्षा (likṣā), रिक्षा (rikṣā)

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈlikʰ/

### Noun

લીખ • (līkh) f
* nit
* young louse
# ଫେରିବା
## Odia
### Etymology

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀨𑀺𑀭𑀢𑀺 ~ *𑀨𑁂𑀭𑀬𑀢𑀺 (*phirati ~ *pherayati). Cognate to Bengali ফেরা (phera) and Hindi फिरना (phirnā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʰeɾiba/

### Verb

ଫେରିବା (pheribā)
* to return
* to come back
* to go back
* to walk; rove; roam; travel
* to change

### References

* Praharaj, Gopala Chandra (1931—1940) “ଫେରିବା”, in Purnnacandra Odia Bhashakosha, Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press
# ବାଳକ
## Odia
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बालक (bālaka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baɭɔkɔ/

### Noun

ବାଳକ (bāḷaka)
* boy

### References

* Praharaj, Gopala Chandra (1931—1940) “ବାଳକ”, in Purnnacandra Odia Bhashakosha, Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press
* Neukom, Lukas (2003) A grammar of Oriya‎, Zürich: Seminar für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, page 21
# ବାଳିକା
## Odia
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बालिका (bālikā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baɭika/

### Noun

ବାଳିକା (bāḷikā)
* girl

### References

* Praharaj, Gopala Chandra (1931—1940) “ବାଳିକା”, in Purnnacandra Odia Bhashakosha, Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press
* Neukom, Lukas (2003) A grammar of Oriya‎, Zürich: Seminar für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, page 21
# ବାଲଟି
## Odia
### Alternative forms

* ବାଲତି (bālati)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese balde.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /balɔʈi/

### Noun

ବାଲଟି (bālaṭi)
* bucket

### References

* Praharaj, Gopala Chandra (1931—1940) “ବାଲଟି”, in Purnnacandra Odia Bhashakosha, Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press
# అమ్మాము
## Telugu
### Verb

అమ్మాము • (ammāmu)
* first-person plural past of అమ్ము (ammu)
# செந்
## Tamil
### Etymology

Changed from செம் (cem) when followed by த (ta) or ந (na).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ɕɛn̪/, [sɛn̪]

### Adjective

செந் • (cen)
* (only in compounds) red.
# செட்டு
## Tamil
### Etymology

Derived from செட்டி (ceṭṭi).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ɕɛʈːʊ/, [sɛʈːɯ]

### Noun

செட்டு • (ceṭṭu)
* trade, traffic
* economy, thrift
* miserliness, stinginess

#### Descendants

* → Sinhalese: හෙට්ටු (heṭṭu)

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “செட்டு”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# நிலவேம்பு
## Tamil
### Etymology

From நில (nila) +‎ வேம்பு (vēmpu). Cognate with Telugu నేలవేము (nēlavēmu), Kannada ನೆಲಬೇವು (nelabēvu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /n̪ɪlɐʋeːmbʊ/, [n̪ɪlɐʋeːmbɯ]

### Noun

நிலவேம்பு • (nilavēmpu)
* (botany) Andrographis paniculata

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “நிலவேம்பு”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# கடனாளி
## Tamil
### Etymology

கடன் (kaṭaṉ) +‎ -ளி (-ḷi)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɐɖɐnaːɭɪ/, [kɐɖɐnaːɭi]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

கடனாளி • (kaṭaṉāḷi)
* debtor

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “கடனாளி”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# கடம்பு
## Tamil
### Alternative forms

* கதம்பம் (katampam), கதம்பு (katampu)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कदम्ब (kadamba, “kadam”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kaɖəmbʉ]
    Audio:(file)

### Noun

கடம்பு • (kaṭampu)
* kadam, common bur-flower tree (Neolamarckia cadamba, syn. Nauclea cadamba)
    Synonym: இந்துளம் (intuḷam)
* common putat (Barringtonia racemosa, syn. Eugenia racemosa L.)
    Synonyms: இசுதாரு (icutāru), ஈசுவரதரு (īcuvarataru), பிரியகம் (piriyakam)

#### Derived terms

(Nouns)
* கடம்பன் (kaṭampaṉ)
* கடம்பவனம் (kaṭampavaṉam)
* செங்கடம்பு (ceṅkaṭampu)
* நிலக்கடம்பு (nilakkaṭampu)
* நீர்க்கடம்பு (nīrkkaṭampu)
* மஞ்சட்கடம்பு (mañcaṭkaṭampu)
* வெண்கடம்பு (veṇkaṭampu)

#### See also

* (common putat): அரத்தம் (arattam)

### References

* 1 2 Miron Winslow (1862) Winslow's a Comprehensive Tamil-English Dictionary‎, Madras: Hunt, pages 219, 236 (Reprint: New Delhi, Asian Educational Services, 1979.)
# பெருமருந்து
## Tamil
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɛɾʊmɐɾʊn̪d̪ʊ/, [pɛɾʊmɐɾʊn̪d̪ɯ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

பெருமருந்து • (perumaruntu)
* (botany) Aristolochia indica, Indian birth-wort

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “பெருமருந்து”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# பெருமை
## Tamil
### Etymology

From Old Tamil 𑀧𑁂𑀭𑀼𑀫𑁃 (pērumai). Analyzable as பெரு (peru) +‎ -மை (-mai). Cognate with Kannada ಹಿರಿಮೆ (hirime), ಹೆಮ್ಮೆ (hemme).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɛɾʊmɐɪ̯/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

பெருமை • (perumai)
* bigness, largeness
* greatness, dignity, excellence, eminence, nobleness, grandeur
** (Can we date this quote?), Thiruvalluvar, Thirukkural, verse 974:" பெருமையும் தன்னைத்தான் கொண்டொழுகின் உண்டு"" perumaiyum taṉṉaittāṉ koṇṭoḻukiṉ uṇṭu""also greatness, exists in adhering to its own conduct"
* abundance, excess
** (Can we date this quote?), Thiruvalluvar, Thirukkural, verse 336:"இன்றில்லை என்னும் பெருமை உடைத்த""iṉṟillai eṉṉum perumai uṭaitta""nothing, all this greatness owns"
* power, might
* celebrity, renown
* pride, vanity, haughtiness
    அவன் பெருமை யடிக்கிறான்avaṉ perumai yaṭikkiṟāṉ(please add an English translation of this usage example)
* dearness, difficulty

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “பெருமை”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# பெரும்பாழ்
## Tamil
### Etymology

From பெரு (peru) +‎ -ம்- (-m-) +‎ பாழ் (pāḻ).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /pɛɾʊmbaːɻ/

### Noun

பெரும்பாழ் • (perumpāḻ)
* primordial matter
    Synonym: மூலப்பிரகிருதி (mūlappirakiruti)
* barren tract
    Synonym: பெருவெளி (peruveḷi)
* complete ruin
    Synonym: முற்றுமழிவு (muṟṟumaḻivu)

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “பெரும்பாழ்”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# நெட்டெழுத்து
## Tamil
### Etymology

நெட்- (neṭ-, from நெடுமை (neṭumai)) +‎ எழுத்து (eḻuttu).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /n̪ɛʈːɛɻʊt̪ːʊ/, [n̪ɛʈːɛɻʊt̪ːɯ]

### Noun

நெட்டெழுத்து • (neṭṭeḻuttu)
* long vowel
* autograph
* long sight
    Synonym: சாலேசரம் (cālēcaram)

#### Declension
### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “நெட்டெழுத்து”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# నీవు నన్ను పెండ్లి చేసుకుంటావా
## Telugu

* This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.For other Telugu entries on this topic, see Love.

### Phrase

నీవు నన్ను పెండ్లి చేసుకుంటావా • (nīvu nannu peṇḍli cēsukuṇṭāvā)
* will you marry me?
# கலாவர்கள்
## Tamil
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɐlaːʋɐɾɡɐɭ/

### Noun

கலாவர்கள் • (kalāvarkaḷ)
* plural of கலாவர் (kalāvar).
# கலையுருக்காட்டி
## Tamil
### Etymology

Compound of கலை (kalai, “art”, from Sanskrit कला (kalā)) +‎ உரு (uru, “form, shape”, from உருவம் (uruvam), from Sanskrit रूप (rūpa)) +‎ காட்டு (kāṭṭu, “show”) +‎ -இ (-i). A calque of English kaleidoscope.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɐlɐɪ̯jʊɾʊkːaːʈːɪ/, [kɐlɐɪ̯jʊɾʊkːaːʈːi]

### Noun

கலையுருக்காட்டி • (kalaiyurukkāṭṭi)
* kaleidoscope
# வேனில்
## Tamil
### Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *wey-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋeːnɪl/

### Noun

வேனில் • (vēṉil)
* sunshine, spring
* mirage

#### Declension
### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “வேனில்”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# மாரிகாலம்
## Tamil
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maːɾɪɡaːlɐm/

### Noun

மாரிகாலம் • (mārikālam)
* rainy season
# పొటేలు
## Telugu
### Noun

పొటేలు • (poṭēlu) ? (plural పొటేళ్ళు)
* Alternative form of పొట్టేలు (poṭṭēlu)
# పొట్టలు
## Telugu
### Noun

పొట్టలు • (poṭṭalu)
* plural of పొట్ట (poṭṭa)
# ఎందుమీద
## Telugu
### Adverb

ఎందుమీద • (endumīda)
* whereupon

### References

"ఎందు" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 180
# చెంపలు
## Telugu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ɕempalu/, [t͡ʃempalu]

### Noun

చెంపలు • (cempalu)
* plural of చెంప (cempa)
# నట్లు
## Telugu
### Noun

నట్లు • (naṭlu)
* plural of నట్టు (naṭṭu)
# భవిష్యత్కాలము
## Telugu
### Alternative forms

* భవిష్యత్కాలం (bhaviṣyatkālaṁ)

### Noun

భవిష్యత్కాలము • (bhaviṣyatkālamu) ? (plural భవిష్యత్కాలములు)
* (grammar) future tense

### References

* "భవిష్యత్తు" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 919
# బుట్టెడు
## Telugu
### Noun

బుట్టెడు • (buṭṭeḍu)
* basketful
# రాయించు
## Telugu
### Verb

రాయించు • (rāyiñcu)
* Alternative form of వ్రాయించు (vrāyiñcu)
# చూర్ణం
## Telugu
### Noun

చూర్ణం • (cūrṇaṁ) ? (plural చూర్ణాలు)
* Alternative form of చూర్ణము (cūrṇamu)
# మండలం
## Telugu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maɳɖalam̃/

### Noun

మండలం • (maṇḍalaṁ) ? (plural మండలాలు)
* Alternative form of మండలము (maṇḍalamu)
# వక్రదృష్టి
## Telugu
### Noun

వక్రదృష్టి • (vakradr̥ṣṭi) ? (plural వక్రదృష్టులు)
* squinting
# ప్రధానాంకము
## Telugu
### Noun

ప్రధానాంకము • (pradhānāṅkamu) ? (plural ప్రధానాంకములు)
* (grammar) cardinal number

#### Synonyms

* శుద్ధాంకము (śuddhāṅkamu)
# ప్రధాన కార్యాలయం
## Telugu
### Noun

ప్రధాన కార్యాలయం • (pradhāna kāryālayaṁ) ? (plural ప్రధాన కార్యాలయాలు)
* head office
# ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ
## Kannada
### Etymology

From Sanskrit प्रतिमा (pratimā).

### Noun

ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ • (pratime) f
* image, idol, statue
* likeness
# ಪ್ರತಿರೋಧ
## Kannada
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रतिरोध (pratirodha).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɾɐt̪iɾoːd̪ʱɐ/

### Noun

ಪ್ರತಿರೋಧ • (pratirōdha)
* resistance, opposition
    Synonym: ಪ್ರತೀಕಾರ (pratīkāra)

### References

* V. Krishna (2019) “ಪ್ರತಿರೋಧ”, in “Alar” V. Krishna's Kannada → English dictionary, Zerodha
# അപരാധി
## Malayalam
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अपराधी (aparādhī).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐbɐɾaːd̪(ʱ)i/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

അപരാധി • (aparādhi)
* wrongdoer
# അപരാധം
## Malayalam
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अपराध (aparādha).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /äbɐɾäːd̪ʱɐm/

### Noun

അപരാധം • (aparādhaṁ)
* offense; crime
* wrongdoing
* sin
# അപജയം
## Malayalam
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अपजय (apajaya), By surface analysis, അപ- (apa-) +‎ ജയം (jayaṁ)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐbɐd͡ʒɐjɐm/

### Noun

അപജയം • (apajayaṁ)
* failure, defeat

### References

* Gundert, Hermann (1872) “അപജയം”, in A Malayalam and English dictionary, Mangalore, London: C. Stolz; Trübner & Co.
* Warrier, M. I. (2008) “അപജയം”, in Malayalam-English Dictionary (in Malayalam), 22nd edition, Kottayam: DC Books
# మర్మం
## Telugu
### Noun

మర్మం • (marmaṁ) ? (plural మర్మాలు)
* Alternative form of మర్మము (marmamu)
# మర్దనం
## Telugu
### Noun

మర్దనం • (mardanaṁ) ? (plural మర్దనాలు)
* Alternative form of మర్దనము (mardanamu)
# എഴുതുക
## Malayalam
### Alternative forms

* എഴു്ദുഗ (eḻŭduga), എഴ്ദുഗ (eḻduga) — colloquial

### Etymology

Cognate with Tamil எழுது (eḻutu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eɻud̪uɡɐ/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

എഴുതുക • (eḻutuka) (transitive)
* to write
# భీమసేనుఁడు
## Telugu
### Proper noun

భీమసేనుఁడు • (bhīmasēnun̆ḍu) ?
* Alternative form of భీమసేనుడు (bhīmasēnuḍu)
# കിഴക്കൻ
## Malayalam
### Etymology

From കിഴക്ക് (kiḻakkŭ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kiɻakːan/

### Adjective

കിഴക്കൻ • (kiḻakkaṉ)
* eastern

#### Coordinate terms

(compass points)
Noun compass points :
| വടക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറ് (vaṭakkupaṭiññāṟŭ) ഉത്തരപശ്ചിമം (uttarapaścimaṁ) | വടക്ക് (vaṭakkŭ) ഉത്തരം (uttaraṁ) | വടക്കുകിഴക്ക് (vaṭakkukiḻakkŭ) ഉത്തരപൂർവം (uttarapūṟvaṁ) |
| പടിഞ്ഞാറ് (paṭiññāṟŭ) പശ്ചിമം (paścimaṁ) | | കിഴക്ക് (kiḻakkŭ) പൂർവം (pūṟvaṁ) |
| തെക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറ് (tekkupaṭiññāṟŭ) ദക്ഷിണപശ്ചിമം (dakṣiṇapaścimaṁ) | തെക്ക് (tekkŭ) ദക്ഷിണം (dakṣiṇaṁ) | തെക്കുകിഴക്ക് (tekkukiḻakkŭ) ദക്ഷിണപൂർവം (dakṣiṇapūṟvaṁ) |
Adjective compass points :
| വടക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറൻ (vaṭakkupaṭiññāṟaṉ) ഉത്തരപശ്ചിമ (uttarapaścima) | വടക്കൻ (vaṭakkaṉ) വട (vaṭa) ഉത്തര (uttara) വടക്കേ (vaṭakkē) | വടക്കുകിഴക്കൻ (vaṭakkukiḻakkaṉ) ഉത്തരപൂർവ (uttarapūṟva) |
| പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ (paṭiññāṟaṉ) പശ്ചിമ (paścima) പടിഞ്ഞാറേ (paṭiññāṟē) | | കിഴക്കൻ (kiḻakkaṉ) പൂർവ (pūṟva) കിഴക്കേ (kiḻakkē) |
| തെക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറൻ (tekkupaṭiññāṟaṉ) ദക്ഷിണപശ്ചിമ (dakṣiṇapaścima) | തെക്കൻ (tekkaṉ) തെൻ (teṉ) ദക്ഷിണ (dakṣiṇa) തെക്കേ (tekkē) | തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ (tekkukiḻakkaṉ) ദക്ഷിണപൂർവ (dakṣiṇapūṟva) |
# ముప్పైయైదు
## Telugu
### Alternative forms

ముప్పై ఐదు (muppai aidu)

### Numeral

ముప్పైయైదు • (muppaiyaidu)
* 35

### Noun

ముప్పైయైదు • (muppaiyaidu) ? (plural ముప్పైయైదులు)
* thirty-five

#### Coordinate terms

| | —0 | —1 | —2 | —3 | —4 | —5 | —6 | —7 | —8 | —9 |
| 0— | సున్న (sunna) | ఒకటి (okaṭi) | రెండు (reṇḍu) | మూడు (mūḍu) | నాలుగు (nālugu) | ఐదు (aidu) | ఆరు (āru) | ఏడు (ēḍu) | ఎనిమిది (enimidi) | తొమ్మిది (tommidi) |
| 1— | పది (padi) | పదకొండు (padakoṇḍu) | పండ్రెండు (paṇḍreṇḍu) | పదమూడు (padamūḍu) | పద్నాలుగు (padnālugu) | పదిహేను (padihēnu) | పదహారు (padahāru) | పదిహేడు (padihēḍu) | పద్దెనిమిది (paddenimidi) | పందొమ్మిది (pandommidi) |
| 2— | ఇరవై (iravai) | ఇరవైయొకటి (iravaiyokaṭi) | ఇరవైరెండు (iravaireṇḍu) | ఇరవైమూడు (iravaimūḍu) | ఇరవైనాలుగు (iravainālugu) | ఇరవైయైదు (iravaiyaidu) | ఇరవైయారు (iravaiyāru) | ఇరవైయేడు (iravaiyēḍu) | ఇరవైయెనిమిది (iravaiyenimidi) | ఇరవైతొమ్మిది (iravaitommidi) |
| 3— | ముప్పై (muppai) | ముప్పైయొకటి (muppaiyokaṭi) | ముప్పైరెండు (muppaireṇḍu) | ముప్పైమూడు (muppaimūḍu) | ముప్పైనాలుగు (muppainālugu) | ముప్పైయైదు (muppaiyaidu) | ముప్పైయారు (muppaiyāru) | ముప్పైయేడు (muppaiyēḍu) | ముప్పైయెనిమిది (muppaiyenimidi) | ముప్పైతొమ్మిది (muppaitommidi) |
| 4— | నలభై (nalabhai) | నలభైయొకటి (nalabhaiyokaṭi) | నలభైరెండు (nalabhaireṇḍu) | నలభైమూడు (nalabhaimūḍu) | నలభైనాలుగు (nalabhainālugu) | నలభైయైదు (nalabhaiyaidu) | నలభైయారు (nalabhaiyāru) | నలభైయేడు (nalabhaiyēḍu) | నలభైయెనిమిది (nalabhaiyenimidi) | నలభైతొమ్మిది (nalabhaitommidi) |
| 5— | యాభై (yābhai) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 6— | అరవై (aravai) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 7— | డెబ్బై (ḍebbai), డెబ్భై (ḍebbhai) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 8— | ఎనభై (enabhai) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 9— | తొంభై (tombhai) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
# തൂക്കുമഞ്ചം
## Malayalam
### Etymology

തൂക്ക് (tūkkŭ) +‎ മഞ്ചം (mañcaṁ)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪uːkkumɐɲd͡ʒɐm/, [t̪uːkkumɐn̠ʲd͡ʒɐm]

### Noun

തൂക്കുമഞ്ചം • (tūkkumañcaṁ)
* swinging cot, cradle

### References

* Warrier, M. I. (2008) “തൂക്കുമഞ്ചം”, in Malayalam-English Dictionary (in Malayalam), 22nd edition, Kottayam: DC Books
# തൂക്ക്
## Malayalam
### Verb

തൂക്ക് • (tūkkŭ)
* imperative of തൂക്കുക (tūkkuka)
# തൂകുക
## Malayalam

* Malayalam verb set
* തൂകുക (tūkuka)
* തൂക്കുക (tūkkuka)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪uːɡukɐ/

### Noun

തൂകുക • (tūkuka)
* spill
* strew
* shed
* scatter
* show
# തൂ
## Malayalam
### Etymology

Cognate with Tamil தூ (tū).(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪uː/

### Adjective

തൂ • (tū)
* pure
# നിവാരണം
## Malayalam
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /n̪iʋaːɾaɳam/

### Noun

നിവാരണം • (nivāraṇaṁ)
* prevention
* avoidance; warding off
* clearance; removal
# ആരൽ
## Malayalam
### Etymology 1

Cognate with Tamil ஆரல் (āral).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːɾɐl/

#### Noun

ആരൽ • (āral)
* fire.
    Synonyms: അനൽ (anal), അഴൽ (aḻal), തീ (tī), ചുടർ (cuṭaṟ), ഞെകിഴി (ñekiḻi)
* the asterism Kritika.
    Synonym: കാർത്തിക (kāṟttika)

### Etymology 2

Cognate with Tamil ஆரல் (āral) and Kannada ಆರೋಳಿ (ārōḷi).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːɾɐl/

#### Noun

ആരൽ • (āral)
* eel, fish with an elongated body in the order Anguilliformes.
    Synonyms: ആരകൻ (ārakaṉ), ആരോൻ (ārōṉ)

##### Declension
### References

* https://dict.sayahna.org/stv/36151/
* Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “āral”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.
# ആര്
## Malayalam
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *yĀr. Cognate with Kannada ಯಾರು (yāru), Tamil யார் (yār).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːɾə̆/

### Pronoun

ആര് • (ārŭ)
* (interrogative) who
# ആറുക
## Malayalam

* Malayalam verb set
* ആറുക (āṟuka)
* ആറ്റുക (āṟṟuka)
* ആറ്റിക്കുക (āṟṟikkuka)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *āṯ-. Cognate with Tamil ஆறு (āṟu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːruɡɐ/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

ആറുക • (āṟuka)
* to cool down
# ഉതവി
## Malayalam
### Etymology

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Cognate with Tamil உதவி (utavi).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ud̪ɐʋi/

### Noun

ഉതവി • (utavi)
* aid, assistance, support
    Synonym: സഹായം (sahāyaṁ)
# ഗിയർ
## Malayalam
### Alternative forms

* ഗീയർ (gīyaṟ)

### Etymology

Borrowed from English gear.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡijɐɾ/

### Noun

ഗിയർ • (giyaṟ)
* gear
# വിരിശ്
## Malayalam
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋiɾiʃə̆/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृक्ष (vṛkṣa)

#### Alternative forms

* വൃക്ഷം (vr̥kṣaṁ) — tatsama

#### Noun

വിരിശ് • (viriśŭ)
* tree
    Synonym: മരം (maraṁ)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

വിരിശ് • (viriśŭ)
* a useless person

### References

* Gundert, Hermann (1872) “വിരിശു”, in A Malayalam and English dictionary, Mangalore, London: C. Stolz; Trübner & Co.
* Kailash Nath (2019) “വിരിശ്”, in “Olam” Kailash Nath's Malayalam → English dictionary