# 洘

| 洘 | U+6D18, &#27928; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D18 |
| ← 洗 [U+6D17] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 洙 → [U+6D19] |

## Translingual
### Han character

洘 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水十大尸 (EJKS), four-corner 3412$_7$, composition ⿰氵考)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 620, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17380
* Dae Jaweon: page 1016, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1602, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6D18

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 丂 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 攷 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 考 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 烤 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 拷 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 栲 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 洘 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 銬 | *kʰluːs |
| 巧 | *kʰruːʔ, *kʰruːs |
| 朽 | *qʰluʔ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kǎo (kao$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haau$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): kō̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khó
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ko$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǎo
*** Wade–Giles: kʻao$^3$
*** Yale: kǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kao
*** Palladius: као (kao)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haau$^2$
*** Yale: háau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hao$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːu̯³⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kō̤
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰo³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó
*** Tâi-lô: khó
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoir
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰo⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰo⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰo⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰo⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ko$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khó
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰo⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: khawX
Rime :
| Character | 洘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦浩切 |
| Baxter | khawX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɑu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰɑu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɑu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰaw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɑu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɑu$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kʰɑu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hou$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰluːʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 洘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7408 |
| Phonetic component | 丂 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 考 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰluːʔ/ |

#### Definitions

洘
* (obsolete, of water) to dry up
* (Hokkien, Datian Min, Leizhou Min, Puxian Min, Eastern Min) thick; viscous
    Antonym: 漖
* (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) to dry (a body of water)
* (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew, of a tide) to ebb; to go out
* (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) crowded; dense
    洘秫秫 [Hokkien] ― khó-chu̍t-chu̍t [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― very crowded or congested (with people)
* (Teochew, of water) shallow
* (Teochew) to lack; to be short; to be missing
* (Teochew) little; not a lot

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 稠 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 稠 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 稠, 糨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 稠 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 稠 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 稠 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 厚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 稠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 稠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 稠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 稠, 厚 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 稠 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 稠 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 稠, 糨, 糊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 稠, 乾, 釅 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 釅, 稠 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 乾 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 稠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 稠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 厚, 稠, 乾 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 厚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 厚, 乾 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 醹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 醹, 杰 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 醹, 杰 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 杰, 醹 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 𤄷, 杰 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 杰 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 及 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 濃 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 濃 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 醹, 結 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 醹 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 醹, 竭 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 竭 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Changting | 醹, 濃, 竭 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 醹, 竭 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 醹, 竭 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 濃, 稠 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 竭 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 竭 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 濃 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 醹 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 厚 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 硬 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 稠 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 濃 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 洘 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 洘 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 濃 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 𬇴 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 洘, 洽 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 洘, 洽 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 洘, 洽, 汔, 𠕇, 醪 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 𠕇, 汔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 糊 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 洘 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 洘, 汔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 乾, 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 渴 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 杰 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 洘, 渴 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 渴 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 洘 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 洘 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 濃 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 濃 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 杰 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 厚 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 厚 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 厚 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 乾 |
| Wu | Danyang | 乾, 厚 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 厚 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 燥 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 饘 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 厚 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 釅 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 濃 |

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kào (kao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄠˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kào
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kào
*** Wade–Giles: kʻao$^4$
*** Yale: kàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaw
*** Palladius: као (kao)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/

#### Definitions

洘
* carriage; animal-drawn cart

## Vietnamese
### Han character

洘: Hán Nôm readings: thợ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation