# 衡

| 衡 | U+8861, &#34913; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8861 |
| ← 衠 [U+8860] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 衢 → [U+8862] |

## Translingual
### Han character

衡 (Kangxi radical 144, 行+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹人弓大弓 (HONKN), four-corner 2122$_1$, composition ⿴行𩵋 or ⿲彳𩵋亍)

#### Derived characters

* 𭗯, 𬋛, 𤫄, 𫶣, 蘅, 𫂬

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1110, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34078
* Dae Jaweon: page 1575, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 846, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8861

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 筕 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ |
| 桁 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ |
| 行 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs |
| 胻 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs |
| 衡 | *ɡraːŋ |
| 蘅 | *ɡraːŋ |
| 珩 | *ɡraːŋ |
| 洐 | *ɡraːŋ |
| 荇 | *ɡraːŋʔ |
| 絎 | *ɡraːŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːŋ) : phonetic 行 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs) + semantic 角 (“horn”) + semantic 大 (“big”).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): héng (heng$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hang$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hn̂g / hêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: héng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: héng
*** Wade–Giles: hêng$^2$
*** Yale: héng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: herng
*** Palladius: хэн (xɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hang$^4$
*** Yale: hàhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: hn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hngg
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hŋ̍²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng
*** Tâi-lô: hîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: heeng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: haeng
Rime :
| Character | 衡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 戸庚切 |
| Baxter | haeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | héng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hang$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤraŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 衡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | héng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁraŋ/ |
| English | beam of a steelyard |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 衡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13868 |
| Phonetic component | 行 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 行 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡraːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

衡
* cross yoke (of an ox, in carriage, etc.)
* beam of steelyard; (by extension) weighing apparatus
* to weigh
* to judge; to measure
* level; even; balanced
* transverse; horizontal
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 三教論衡／三教论衡
* 供需失衡
* 公衡
* 制衡 (zhìhéng)
* 力平衡
* 動態平衡／动态平衡 (dòngtài pínghéng)
* 困心衡慮／困心衡虑
* 均衡 (jūnhéng)
* 坑衡
* 大文衡
* 失衡 (shīhéng)
* 安定均衡
* 宰衡 (zǎihéng)
* 常衡 (chánghéng)
* 平衡 (pínghéng)
* 平衡力
* 平衡反應／平衡反应
* 平衡木 (pínghéngmù)
* 平衡稅／平衡税
* 平衡覺／平衡觉
* 度量衡 (dùliànghéng)
* 從衡／从衡
* 懸衡／悬衡
* 抗衡 (kànghéng)
* 持衡 (chíhéng)
* 持衡擁璇／持衡拥璇
* 掊斗折衡
* 收支平衡
* 散帶衡門／散带衡门
* 文衡
* 望衡對宇／望衡对宇
* 楅衡
* 樞衡／枢衡
* 機衡／机衡
* 權力均衡／权力均衡
* 權衡／权衡 (quánhéng)
* 權衡輕重／权衡轻重
* 氮平衡
* 熱平衡／热平衡
* 爭衡／争衡
* 玉衡
* 生態平衡／生态平衡 (shēngtài pínghéng)
* 盱衡
* 秉臺衡／秉台衡
* 穩定平衡／稳定平衡
* 藥衡／药衡 (yàohéng)
* 衡命
* 衡器
* 衡宇
* 衡山 (Héng Shān)
* 衡平
* 衡水 (Héngshuǐ)
* 衡石
* 衡石量書／衡石量书
* 衡視／衡视 (héngshì)
* 衡茅
* 衡行
* 衡軛／衡轭
* 衡量 (héngliáng)
* 衡鑑／衡鉴
* 衡門／衡门
* 衡門深巷／衡门深巷
* 衡闈／衡闱
* 衡陽／衡阳 (Héngyáng)
* 衡陽雁去／衡阳雁去
* 論衡／论衡 (Lùn Héng)
* 輻衡／辐衡
* 迓衡
* 連衡／连衡 (liánhéng)
* 金衡 (jīnhéng)
* 銓衡／铨衡
* 阿衡
* 隨遇平衡／随遇平衡 (suíyù pínghéng)
* 難與抗衡／难与抗衡
* 靜力平衡／静力平衡

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): hang$^4$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hang$^4$
*** Yale: hàhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐŋ²¹/

#### Definitions

衡
* (as a resultative) (pulled) tight; taut
    拉衡條繩。／拉衡条绳。 [Cantonese] ― laai$^1$ hang$^4$ tiu$^4$ sing$^{4-2}$. [Jyutping] ― Pull the rope taut.
* to the limit; to the maximum
    開衡部冷氣／开衡部冷气 [Cantonese] ― hoi$^1$ hang$^4$ bou$^6$ laang$^5$ hei$^3$ [Jyutping] ― to turn up the AC to the maximum; to have the AC running on maximum
    扯到衡晒 [Cantonese] ― ce$^2$ dou$^3$ hang$^4$ saai$^3$ [Jyutping] ― to be fully erect
* famous; prestigious; well-known

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 緊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 緊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 緊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 緊 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 緊, 衡 † |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 緊, 衡 † |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 緊 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 緊, 絚 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 絚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 絚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 絚 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 絚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 絚 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 絚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 絚 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 絚, 絚丹 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 絚 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 絚 GT |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 絚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 絚 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 絚 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 絚 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 絚 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - only used for pulled objects as a resultative | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - only used for pulled objects as a resultative |

### References

* “Query for 衡”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
* “衡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* equilibrium
* measuring rod
* scale

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
* Kun: くびき (kubiki, 衡)、はかり (hakari, 衡)、はかる (hakaru, 衡る)
* Nanori: ひら (hira)

#### Compounds

* 拡大均衡(かくだいきんこう) (kakudai kinkō)
* 合従連衡(がっしょうれんこう) (gasshō renkō)
* 均衡(きんこう) (kinkō)
* 均衡価格(きんこうかかく) (kinkō kakaku)
* 均衡経済(きんこうけいざい) (kinkō keizai)
* 均衡予算(きんこうよさん) (kinkō yosan)
* 権衡(けんこう) (kenkō)
* 衡器(こうき) (kōki)
* 衡平(こうへい) (kōhei)
* 財政均衡計画(ざいせいきんこうけいかく) (zaisei kinkō keikaku)
* 銓衡(せんこう) (senkō)
* 度量衡(どりょうこう) (doryōkō)
* 不均衡(ふきんこう) (fukinkō)
* 平衡(へいこう) (heikō)
* 平衡感覚(へいこうかんかく) (heikō kankaku)
* 平衡錘(へいこうすい) (heikōsui)
* 利子平衡税(りしへいこうぜい) (rishiheikōzei)
* 連衡(れんこう) (renkō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 衡
* くびき Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 衡 – see the following entry. :
| 【くびき】 | [noun] yoke (wooden bar) Alternative spellings 軛, 頸木 |
(This term, 衡, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

衡 • (hyeong, hoeng) (hangeul 형, 횡, revised hyeong, hoeng, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, hoeng, Yale hyeng, hoyng)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

衡: Hán Nôm readings: hành, hoành
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.