# 霓虹
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): níhóng
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai$^4$ hung$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngì-fùng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gê-hông
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: níhóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: níhóng
*** Wade–Giles: ni$^2$-hung$^2$
*** Yale: ní-húng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nihorng
*** Palladius: нихун (nixun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni³⁵ xʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngai$^4$ hung$^4$
*** Yale: ngàih hùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngai$^4$ hung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngei$^4$ hung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐi̯²¹ hʊŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngì-fùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngi$^ˇ$ fung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngi$^2$ fung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi¹¹ fuŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gê-hông
*** Tâi-lô: gê-hông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ge'hoong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡe²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡe²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡe¹³⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡe²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡe²³⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

#### Noun

霓虹
* rainbow

##### Synonyms

* 虹霓 (hóngní)

### Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of English neon via Shanghainese. For Taiwanese Hokkien ne-óng, via Japanese ネオン (neon).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): níhóng
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai$^4$ hung$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngì-fùng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gê-hông / nî-hông / nê-hông / nê-âng / ne-óng
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gni-ghon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: níhóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: níhóng
*** Wade–Giles: ni$^2$-hung$^2$
*** Yale: ní-húng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nihorng
*** Palladius: нихун (nixun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni³⁵ xʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngai$^4$ hung$^4$
*** Yale: ngàih hùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngai$^4$ hung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngei$^4$ hung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐi̯²¹ hʊŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngì-fùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngi$^ˇ$ fung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngi$^2$ fung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi¹¹ fuŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gê-hông
*** Tâi-lô: gê-hông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ge'hoong
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ɡe²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡe²³⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡe²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡe¹³⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nî-hông
*** Tâi-lô: nî-hông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ni'hoong
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /nĩ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nê-hông
*** Tâi-lô: nê-hông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ne'hoong
*** IPA (Taipei): /nẽ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /nẽ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nê-âng
*** Tâi-lô: nê-âng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ne'aang
*** IPA (Taipei): /nẽ²⁴⁻¹¹ aŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /nẽ²³⁻³³ aŋ²³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ne-óng
*** Tâi-lô: ne-óng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ne'orng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /nẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /nẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ⁵³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gni-ghon
*** MiniDict: nyi$^去$ ghon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyi-hhon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²² ɦoŋ⁴⁴/

#### Noun

霓虹
* neon
* neon light; neon lamp
** 2001, “布魯斯的暗暝”, 魏寧 (lyrics)‎performed by 白冰冰 [Pai Bing-bing]:
       bô-chêng siâⁿ-chhī, nê-hông siám-sih [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2009, “癡情有啥意義 [Infatuation Is Nothing]”, 李岩修 (lyrics), 徐嘉良 (music)‎performed by 蘇路 [Su Lu] and 陳文山 [Chen Wenshan]:
       chhit-chhái nî-hông siám-sih, chiò chhut gún sim siong-pi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       The colourful neon lights are flashing, exposing the sorrows in my heart
** 2016, 鄭喬安 (lyrics and music), “38舞”‎performed by 丁姵均:
       nê-âng siám-sih ê iā to͘-chhī [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       A city at night with neon lights flashing
** 2018, “再會啦！家己”, 十方 (lyrics), 曹俊鴻 (music)‎performed by 許富凱 [Henry Hsu]:
       ûi-hām tiō tòng-chòe óng-sū tiong ê ne-óng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       Just treat regrets as neon lights in the past
** 2020, “這樣好嗎 [How About This]”, 韋禮安 [WeiBird] (lyrics), 韋禮安 [WeiBird], 江尚謙, and 黃耀圻 (music)‎performed by 韋禮安 [WeiBird]:
       chéngshì níhóng bù dào liù diǎn bàn jiù bù'ān [Pinyin]
       The neon lights in the city, before it is 6:30, are already restless

##### Synonyms

* (neon): (chemistry) 氖 (nǎi)

##### Derived terms

* 霓虹燈／霓虹灯 (níhóngdēng)

### Etymology 3

Phono-semantic matching from Japanese 日(に)本(ほん) (Nihon).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Níhóng
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄥˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Níhóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Níhóng
*** Wade–Giles: Ni$^2$-hung$^2$
*** Yale: Ní-húng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Nihorng
*** Palladius: Нихун (Nixun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni³⁵ xʊŋ³⁵/

#### Proper noun

霓虹
* (～國) (Internet slang) Japan

##### Synonyms

* 11區／11区 (shíyī-qū) (Internet slang)
* 倭 (historical, now pejorative)
* 日本 (Rìběn)
* 日本國／日本国 (Rìběnguó) (official)
* 東洋／东洋 (Dōngyáng) (archaic)
* 東瀛／东瀛 (Dōngyíng) (literary, poetic)
* 鄉下／乡下 (hoeng1 haa6-2) (Hong Kong Cantonese, humorous)

##### Derived terms

* 霓虹金 (níhóngjīn)