# 聊以卒歲
## Chinese

| | | | to get through the year; to spend days; to pass days |
| trad. (聊以卒歲) | trad. (聊以卒歲) | 聊以 | 卒歲 |
| simp. (聊以卒岁) | simp. (聊以卒岁) | 聊以 | 卒岁 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liáoyǐzúsuì
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄧˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄙㄨㄟˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liáoyǐzúsuì
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄧˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄙㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liáoyǐzúsuèi
*** Wade–Giles: liao$^2$-i$^3$-tsu$^2$-sui$^4$
*** Yale: lyáu-yǐ-dzú-swèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liauyiitzwusuey
*** Palladius: ляоицзусуй (ljaoiczusuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: lew yiX tswit sjwejH
Rime :
| Character | 聊 | 以 | 卒 | 歲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 以 (36) | 精 (13) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 蕭 (93) | 之 (19) | 術 (52) | 祭 (36) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 落蕭切 | 羊己切 | 子聿切 | 相銳切 |
| Baxter | lew | yiX | tswit | sjwejH |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /leu/ | /jɨ$^X$/ | /t͡siuɪt̚/ | /siuᴇi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /leu/ | /jɨ$^X$/ | /t͡sʷit̚/ | /sʷiɛi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /leu/ | /ie$^X$/ | /t͡sjuet̚/ | /siuæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɛw/ | /jɨ$^X$/ | /t͡swit̚/ | /swiaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /leu/ | /iə$^X$/ | /t͡siuĕt̚/ | /siuɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lieu/ | /jĭə$^X$/ | /t͡sĭuĕt̚/ | /sĭwɛi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /lieu/ | /i$^X$/ | /t͡si̯uĕt̚/ | /si̯wɛi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liáo | yǐ | ju | suì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | liu$^4$ | ji$^5$ | zeot$^1$ | seoi$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤiw ləʔ [ts]ut s-qʷʰat-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*m·rɯːw lɯʔ ʔsud sqʰʷads/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 聊 | 以 | 卒 | 歲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | liáo | yǐ | zú | suì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lew › | ‹ yi$^X$ › | ‹ tswit › | ‹ sjwej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁiw/ | /*ləʔ/ | /*[ts]ut/ | /*s-qʷʰat-s/ |
| English | rely on | take, use | finish, die | year |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 聊 | 以 | 卒 | 歲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 3/3 | 1/2 |
| No. | 8878 | 14929 | 17964 | 12165 |
| Phonetic component | 卯 | 以 | 卒 | 歲 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 之 | 物 | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 聊 | 以 | 卒 | |
| Old Chinese | /*m·rɯːw/ | /*lɯʔ/ | /*ʔsud/ | /*sqʰʷads/ |
| Notes | | | 裘錫圭康殷皆雲金文象衣加劃表衣縫製完結 | 甲金文戉分化字， 說文戌聲非 |

### Idiom

聊以卒歲
* (literary) to live leisurely and carefree
* (literary) to tide over the year; to scrape a living
    From: 1925, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《中國社會各階級的分析》 (Analysis of the Classes in Chinese Society), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
    Bùzú bùfen, kěyǐ zhòng záliáng, lāo yúxiā, sì jī shǐ, huò chūmài yībùfen láodònglì, miǎnqiǎng wéichí shēnghuó, yú jiānnánjiéjué zhī zhōng, cún liáoyǐzúsuì zhī xiǎng. [Pinyin]
    To make up their deficit they cultivate side crops, catch fish or shrimps, raise poultry or pigs, or sell part of their labour power, and thus eke out a living, hoping in the midst of hardship and destitution to tide over the year.