# 俴

| 俴 | U+4FF4, &#20468; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FF4 |
| ← 俳 [U+4FF3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 俵 → [U+4FF5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

俴 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人戈戈 (OII), four-corner 2325$_3$, composition ⿰亻戔)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 106, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 727
* Dae Jaweon: page 226, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 174, character 1
* Unihan data for U+4FF4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 俴
* Small seal scripts05837Transcribed ancient scriptsL16196
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 殘 | *zlaːn, *zaːns |
| 戔 | *zlaːn |
| 帴 | *zlaːn, *saːns, *ʔslenʔ, *ʔsleːn, *sreːd |
| 虥 | *zreːn, *zreːn, *zreːnʔ, *zraːns |
| 盞 | *ʔsreːnʔ |
| 醆 | *ʔsreːnʔ, *ʔljenʔ |
| 琖 | *ʔsreːnʔ |
| 剗 | *sʰreːnʔ |
| 棧 | *zreːnʔ, *zraːns, *zrenʔ |
| 輚 | *zreːnʔ, *zraːns |
| 嶘 | *zreːnʔ |
| 錢 | *ʔslenʔ, *zlen |
| 俴 | *ʔslenʔ, *zlenʔ |
| 籛 | *ʔslenʔ, *ʔslens, *ʔsleːn |
| 淺 | *sʰlenʔ, *ʔsleːn |
| 濺 | *ʔsens, *ʔseːn |
| 踐 | *zlenʔ |
| 諓 | *zlenʔ, *zlens |
| 餞 | *zlenʔ, *zlens |
| 賤 | *zlens |
| 綫 | *slens |
| 箋 | *ʔsleːn |
| 牋 | *ʔsleːn |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiàn (jian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cin$^5$ / zin$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chián
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^4$
*** Yale: jyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cin$^5$ / zin$^1$
*** Yale: chíhn / jīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsin$^5$ / dzin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qin$^5$ / jin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːn¹³/, /t͡siːn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chián
*** Tâi-lô: tsián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciern
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɛn⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɛn⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: dzjenX, tsjenX
Rime :
| Character | 俴 | 俴 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 慈演切 | 即淺切 |
| Baxter | dzjenX | tsjenX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ziᴇn$^X$/ | /t͡siᴇn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ziɛn$^X$/ | /t͡siɛn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zjæn$^X$/ | /t͡sjæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zian$^X$/ | /t͡sian$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ziɛn$^X$/ | /t͡siɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭɛn$^X$/ | /t͡sĭɛn$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi̯ɛn$^X$/ | /t͡si̯ɛn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiàn | jiǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zin$^6$ | zin$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]e[n]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslenʔ/, /*zlenʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 俴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzjen$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]e[n]ʔ/ |
| English | shallow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 俴 | 俴 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 5997 | 6007 |
| Phonetic component | 戔 | 戔 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 翦 | 踐 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔslenʔ/ | /*zlenʔ/ |

### Definitions

俴
* thin
* (obsolete) unarmored
    From: Guanzi, 5th century BCE to 220 CE
    jiǎ bù jiān mì, yǔ jiàn zhě tóngshí; [Pinyin]
    If shields are not strong and tightly woven, it is the same as being without armor.
* (obsolete) armoured with thin, scale-like metal plates
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    jiànsì kǒng qún [Pinyin]
    His mail-covered team moves in great harmony
    From: 朱熹 Zhu Xi,《詩經集傳》Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Poetry, volume 4
    Jiànsì, sìmǎ jiē yǐ qiǎnbó zhī jīn wèi jiǎ. Yù qí qīng ér yì yú mǎ zhī xuán xí yě. [Pinyin]
    Jiànsì ("俴駟"): all four horses are armored by thin metal plates; horses need to be light as well as easily steered and trained.

#### Usage notes

Berthold Laufer (1913) objects to interpretations of 俴／𠈙 (jiàn) (and 介 (jiè) elsewhere) as being armored with metal plates; instead, he proposes that the horses were covered in plain hide armor or hide scale armor, as worn by Zhou soldiers.

#### References

* ↑ Laufer, Berthold (1913). Notes on Turquois in the East, Volume 13, Issues 1–2. p. 306, fn. 1

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): せん (sen)、ぜん (zen)
* Kun: あさい (asai)、はだか (hadaka)

## Korean
### Hanja

俴 (eum 천 (cheon))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

俴: Hán Nôm readings: kiến, tiễn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.