OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 済み
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 済
* す Grade: 6
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 濟み (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 済み – see the following entry. :
| 【すみ】 | [noun] [date uncertain] finish, completion, conclusion [verb] stem or continuative form of すむ (sumu) [godan] |
(This term, 済み, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 済
* す > ず Grade: 6
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 濟み (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 済み – see the following entry. :
| 【ずみ】 | [suffix] done, finished Alternative spelling 済 |
(This term, 済み, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# 特殊效果
## Chinese

| | | special; exceptional | effect; result; outcomeeffect; result; outcome; sound and lighting effects |
| trad. (特殊效果) | trad. (特殊效果) | 特殊 | 效果 |
| simp. $^#$(特殊效果) | simp. $^#$(特殊效果) | 特殊 | 效果 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tèshū xiàoguǒ
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄜˋ ㄕㄨ ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄍㄨㄛˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dak$^6$ syu$^4$ haau$^6$ gwo$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tèshū xiàoguǒ
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄜˋ ㄕㄨ ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄍㄨㄛˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tèshu siàoguǒ
*** Wade–Giles: tʻê$^4$-shu$^1$ hsiao$^4$-kuo$^3$
*** Yale: tè-shū syàu-gwǒ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tehshu shiawguoo
*** Palladius: тэшу сяого (tɛšu sjaogo)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɤ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dak$^6$ syu$^4$ haau$^6$ gwo$^2$
*** Yale: dahk syùh haauh gwó
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dak$^9$ sy$^4$ haau$^6$ gwo$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: deg$^6$ xu$^4$ hao$^6$ guo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐk̚² syː²¹ haːu̯²² kʷɔː³⁵/

### Noun

特殊效果
* (film, television, cinematography) special effect

#### Synonyms

* 特技 (tèjì)
* 特效 (tèxiào)
# 激发
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 激发 – see 激發 (“to arouse; to excite; to stimulate; to set off; to excite; etc.”). (This term is the simplified form of 激發).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 滅火
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mièhuǒ
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mit$^6$ fo$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bia̍t-hé
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mig$^8$ huê$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mièhuǒ
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mièhuǒ
*** Wade–Giles: mieh$^4$-huo$^3$
*** Yale: myè-hwǒ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miehhuoo
*** Palladius: мехо (mexo)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mit$^6$ fo$^2$
*** Yale: miht fó
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mit$^9$ fo$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mid$^6$ fo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːt̚² fɔː³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bia̍t-hé
*** Tâi-lô: bia̍t-hé
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biadhea
*** IPA (Xiamen): /biɛt̚⁴⁻³² he⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mig$^8$ huê$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mi̍k hué
*** Sinological IPA : /mik̚⁴⁻² hue⁵²/

### Verb

滅火
* to extinguish; to put out a fire

#### Synonyms

* 消火 (xiāohuǒ)
* 熄火 (xīhuǒ)
* (Hokkien) 拍火

#### Derived terms

* 滅火器／灭火器 (mièhuǒqì)
* 滅火筒／灭火筒 (mièhuǒtǒng)
# 狮城客
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 狮城客 – see 獅城客 (“Singaporean”). (This term is the simplified form of 獅城客).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 狮子国
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 狮子国 – see 獅子國 (“Sinhala; Sri Lanka”). (This term is the simplified form of 獅子國).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 澄面
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 澄面 – see 澄麵. (This term is the simplified form of 澄麵).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 澄迈
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 澄迈 – see 澄邁 (“Chengmai”). (This term is the simplified form of 澄邁).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 澅

| 澅 | U+6F85, &#28549; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F85 |
| ← 澄 [U+6F84] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 澆 → [U+6F86] |

## Translingual
### Han character

澅 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水中土一 (ELGM), four-corner 3511$_6$, composition ⿰氵畫)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 651, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18316
* Dae Jaweon: page 1061, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1747, character 16
* Unihan data for U+6F85

## Chinese

| | Old Chinese |
| 畫 | *ɡʷreːɡs, *ɡʷreːɡ |
| 澅 | *ɡʷreːɡs |
| 繣 | *ɡʷreːɡs, *qʰʷreːɡ |
| 劃 | *qʰʷreːɡ, *ɡʷreːɡ |
| 嫿 | *ɡʷreːɡ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huà (hua$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): waa$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huà
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huà
*** Wade–Giles: hua$^4$
*** Yale: hwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huah
*** Palladius: хуа (xua)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waa$^6$
*** Yale: wah
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waa$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wa$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /waː²²/
* Middle Chinese: hweaH
Rime :
| Character | 澅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 佳 (32) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 胡卦切 |
| Baxter | hweaH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠuɛ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷᵚæ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwaɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɛ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣwai$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣwai$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huà |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | waai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷreːɡs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 澅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5331 |
| Phonetic component | 畫 |
| Rime group | 賜 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 畫 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷreːɡs/ |

### Definitions

澅
* name of a river in Shandong province

#### References

* (Cantonese) Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 2), p. 144
# 澄麪
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 澄麪 – see 澄麵. (This term is a variant form of 澄麵).
# 猪猡猡
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 猪猡猡 – see 豬玀玀 (“pig”). (This term is the simplified form of 豬玀玀).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 猪瘟
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 猪瘟 – see 豬瘟 (“swine fever”). (This term is the simplified form of 豬瘟).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 灰色技能
## Chinese

| | | gray | occupational skill; technical ability |
| trad. (灰色技能) | trad. (灰色技能) | 灰色 | 技能 |
| simp. $^#$(灰色技能) | simp. $^#$(灰色技能) | 灰色 | 技能 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huīsè jìnéng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟ ㄙㄜˋ ㄐㄧˋ ㄋㄥˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huīsè jìnéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟ ㄙㄜˋ ㄐㄧˋ ㄋㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hueisè jìnéng
*** Wade–Giles: hui$^1$-sê$^4$ chi$^4$-nêng$^2$
*** Yale: hwēi-sè jì-néng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hueiseh jihneng
*** Palladius: хуэйсэ цзинэн (xuejsɛ czinɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ sɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹ nɤŋ³⁵/

### Noun

灰色技能
* (neologism, slang) “grey skills”, referring to soft skills such as drinking, singing karaoke, playing mahjong or poker, etc. that allow a person to establish connections and survive in society

#### Synonyms

* (short form) 灰技 (huījì)
# 灰色产业
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 灰色产业 – see 灰色產業 (“seedy industry (as opposed to”). (This term is the simplified form of 灰色產業).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 琴棋書画
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 琴 | 棋 | 書 | 画 |
| きん Grade: S | き Grade: S | しょ Grade: 2 | が Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||||
* Alternative spelling
* 琴棋書畫 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

* From Middle Chinese 琴棋書畫／琴棋书画 (qínqíshūhuà). Literally "Koto, go, calligraphy and painting".

### Proverb

琴(きん)棋(き)書(しょ)画(が) • (kinkishoga)
* He who is poorly versed in koto, go, calligraphy or painting is not a person of taste.

### References

* The Kōjien (広辞苑) Dictionary of the Japanese Language, 5th edition, Iwanami Shoten Publishing, Tokyo.
# 琴棋書畫
## Chinese

| | | qin; general name for certain instruments | any chess-like game or game requiring strategy | book; letter | draw; picture; painting |
| trad. (琴棋書畫) | trad. (琴棋書畫) | 琴 | 棋 | 書 | 畫 |
| simp. (琴棋书画) | simp. (琴棋书画) | 琴 | 棋 | 书 | 画 |
* 琴棋書畫

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qínqíshūhuà
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄑㄧˊ ㄕㄨ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qínqíshūhuà
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄑㄧˊ ㄕㄨ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cíncíshuhuà
*** Wade–Giles: chʻin$^2$-chʻi$^2$-shu$^1$-hua$^4$
*** Yale: chín-chí-shū-hwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chynchyishuhuah
*** Palladius: циньцишухуа (cinʹcišuxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

### Noun

琴棋書畫
* the Four Arts of the Chinese Scholar (i.e. qin, go, calligraphy, and painting)
# 猜中
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cāizhòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄞ ㄓㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caai$^1$ zung$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cāizhòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄞ ㄓㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: caijhòng
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻai$^1$-chung$^4$
*** Yale: tsāi-jùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaijonq
*** Palladius: цайчжун (cajčžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caai$^1$ zung$^3$
*** Yale: chāai jung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai$^1$ dzung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cai$^1$ zung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ³³/

### Verb

猜中
* to guess correctly; to figure out

#### Synonyms

* 估中 (gūzhòng)
* 料中 (liàozhòng)
* 猜著／猜着 (cāi zháo)
# 烏啄啄
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): wu$^1$ doeng$^1$ doeng$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wu$^1$ doeng$^1$ doeng$^1$
*** Yale: wū dēung dēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wu$^1$ doeng$^1$ doeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wu$^1$ dêng$^1$ dêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuː⁵⁵ tœːŋ⁵⁵ tœːŋ⁵⁵/

### Adjective

烏啄啄
* (Cantonese, ideophonic, of a person) muddle-headed

#### Synonyms

* (Cantonese) 懵盛盛 (mung2 sing6 sing6)
# 炸耳
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): za$^4$ er$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: za$^4$ er$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zar
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sa²¹³ ɚ⁵³/

### Adjective

炸耳
* (Sichuanese, of sound) deafening; earsplitting
# 状纸
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 状纸 – see 狀紙 (“official form for filing a lawsuit; written complaint; indictment”). (This term is the simplified form of 狀紙).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 片刻
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): piànkè
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄢˋ ㄎㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pin$^3$ hak$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phiàn-khiak / phiàn-khek
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: piànkè
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄢˋ ㄎㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: piànkè
*** Wade–Giles: pʻien$^4$-kʻo$^4$
*** Yale: pyàn-kè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: piannkeh
*** Palladius: пянькэ (pjanʹkɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pin$^3$ hak$^1$
*** Yale: pin hāk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pin$^3$ hak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pin$^3$ heg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰiːn³³ hɐk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiàn-khiak
*** Tâi-lô: phiàn-khiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phiernqiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰiak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiàn-khek
*** Tâi-lô: phiàn-khik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phiernqeg
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰiɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪk̚³²/

### Noun

片刻
* instant; short while; moment

#### Synonyms

* 一剎／一刹 (yīchà)
* 一剎那／一刹那 (yīchànà)
* 一會兒／一会儿
* 一目𥍉仔／一目𱳅仔 (chi̍t-ba̍k-nih-á) (Hokkien)
* 一瞬間／一瞬间 (yīshùnjiān)
* 剎那／刹那
* 少刻 (shǎokè)
* 少時／少时
* 少頃／少顷 (shǎoqǐng)
* 時刻／时刻 (shíkè)
* 有頃／有顷 (yǒuqǐng) (literary)
* 漏 (lòu) (literary, or in compounds)
* 瞬息 (shùnxī)
* 瞬間／瞬间 (shùnjiān)
* 霎時／霎时 (shàshí)
* 頃刻／顷刻 (qǐngkè)
* 須／须 (xū) (literary, or in compounds)

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 편각(片刻) (pyeon'gak)
# 狗眼看人低
## Chinese

| | | dog's eyes; fragile eyes | to see; to look at; to look afterto see; to look at; to look after; to take care of; to watch; to guard; it depends; think | man; person; people | to lower (one's head); to let droop; to hang downto lower (one's head); to let droop; to hang down; low; to incline; beneath |
| trad. (狗眼看人低) | trad. (狗眼看人低) | 狗眼 | 看 | 人 | 低 |
| simp. $^#$(狗眼看人低) | simp. $^#$(狗眼看人低) | 狗眼 | 看 | 人 | 低 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǒuyǎn kàn rén dī
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˇ ㄧㄢˇ ㄎㄢˋ ㄖㄣˊ ㄉㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gau$^2$ ngaan$^5$ hon$^3$ jan$^4$ dai$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǒuyǎn kàn rén dī [Phonetic: góuyǎnkànréndī]
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˇ ㄧㄢˇ ㄎㄢˋ ㄖㄣˊ ㄉㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǒuyǎn kàn rén di
*** Wade–Giles: kou$^3$-yen$^3$ kʻan$^4$ jên$^2$ ti$^1$
*** Yale: gǒu-yǎn kàn rén dī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goouyean kann ren di
*** Palladius: гоуянь кань жэнь ди (goujanʹ kanʹ žɛnʹ di)
*** Sinological IPA : /koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰän⁵¹ ʐən³⁵ ti⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gau$^2$ ngaan$^5$ hon$^3$ jan$^4$ dai$^1$
*** Yale: gáu ngáahn hon yàhn dāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gau$^2$ ngaan$^5$ hon$^3$ jan$^4$ dai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geo$^2$ ngan$^5$ hon$^3$ yen$^4$ dei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐu̯³⁵ ŋaːn¹³ hɔːn³³ jɐn²¹ tɐi̯⁵⁵/

### Idiom

狗眼看人低
* (figurative) to act like a snob; to look down on someone even when one is no better

#### Synonyms

* (Cantonese) 白鴿眼／白鸽眼
# 狗皮膏
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǒu pí gāo
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˇ ㄆㄧˊ ㄍㄠ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǒu pí gāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˇ ㄆㄧˊ ㄍㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǒu pí gao
*** Wade–Giles: kou$^3$ pʻi$^2$ kao$^1$
*** Yale: gǒu pí gāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goou pyi gau
*** Palladius: гоу пи гао (gou pi gao)
*** Sinological IPA : /koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

### Noun

狗皮膏
* A black plaster used in traditional Chinese medicine "to dispel wind-cold, soothe the tendons, promote blood circulation and relieve pain in the treatment of rheumatic or rheumatoid arthritis with pain in the shoulders, arms, back and legs and numbness of the limbs and traumatic injuries".
Goupi plaster has the following ingredients:
| Name | Chinese (S) | Grams |
| Radix Aconitii | 生川乌 | 80 |
| Radix Aconiti Preparata | 制川乌 | 40 |
| Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii | 羌活 | 20 |
| Radix Angelicae Pubescentis | 独活 | 20 |
| Caulis Sinomenii | 青风藤 | 30 |
| Cortex Periplocae | 香加皮 | 30 |
| Radix Saposhnikoviae | 防风 | 30 |
| Radix Smilacis | 土茯苓 | 30 |
| Rhizoma Atractylodis | 苍术 | 20 |
| Fructus Cnidii | 蛇床子 | 20 |
| Herba Ephedrae | 麻黄 | 30 |
| Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum | 高良姜 | 9 |
| Fructus Foeniculi | 小茴香 | 20 |
| Cortex Ramuli Cinnamomi | 桂枝 | 10 |
| Radix Angelicae Sinensis | 当归 | 20 |
| Radix Paeoniae Rubra | 赤芍 | 30 |
| Fructus Chaenomelis | 木瓜 | 30 |
| Lignum Sappan | 苏木 | 30 |
| Radix et Rhizoma Rhei | 大黄 | 30 |
| Radix Dipsaci | 续断 | 40 |
| Rhizoma Chuanxiong | 川芎 | 30 |
| Radix Angelicae Dahuricae | 白芷 | 30 |
| Olibanum | 乳香 | 30 |
| Myrrha (Commiphora myrrha) | 没药 | 34 |
| Borneolum Syntheticum | 冰片 | 17 |
| Camphora | 樟脑 | 34 |
| Flos Caryophylli | 丁香 | 17 |
| Cortex Cinnamomi | 桂皮 | 11 |

#### References

* State Pharmacopoeia Commission of the PRC (2005). "Pharmacopoeia of The People's Republic of China (Volume I)". Chemical Industry Press. →ISBN.
# 狗眼
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǒuyǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˇ ㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gau$^2$ ngaan$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǒuyǎn [Phonetic: góuyǎn]
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˇ ㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǒuyǎn
*** Wade–Giles: kou$^3$-yen$^3$
*** Yale: gǒu-yǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goouyean
*** Palladius: гоуянь (goujanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gau$^2$ ngaan$^5$
*** Yale: gáu ngáahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gau$^2$ ngaan$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geo$^2$ ngan$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐu̯³⁵ ŋaːn¹³/

### Noun

狗眼
* dog's eyes
* (slang) (my) fragile eyes
    亮瞎了我的狗眼 ― liàng xiā le wǒ de gǒuyǎn ― so bright or excellent that my delicate eyes have become blind (slang)

#### Derived terms

* 狗眼看人低 (gǒuyǎn kàn rén dī)
* 鈦合金狗眼／钛合金狗眼
# 病態
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bìngtài
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): beng$^6$ taai$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pēⁿ-thài / pīⁿ-thài
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bìngtài
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bìngtài
*** Wade–Giles: ping$^4$-tʻai$^4$
*** Yale: bìng-tài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: binqtay
*** Palladius: бинтай (bintaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /piŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: beng$^6$ taai$^3$
*** Yale: behng taai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: beng$^6$ taai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: béng$^6$ tai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɛːŋ²² tʰaːi̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pēⁿ-thài
*** Tâi-lô: pēnn-thài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pvextaix
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pẽ³³⁻²¹ tʰai²¹/
** (Hokkien: Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pīⁿ-thài
*** Tâi-lô: pīnn-thài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pvixtaix
*** IPA (Taipei): /pĩ³³⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹/

### Noun

病態
* (literal) sickly appearance; state of being ill
* (figurative) pathological state; morbid state

#### Derived terms

* 病態肥胖／病态肥胖 (bìngtài féipàng)
* 社會病態／社会病态
# 白區
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Báiqū
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˊ ㄑㄩ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baak$^6$ keoi$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Báiqū
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ ㄑㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Báicyu
*** Wade–Giles: Pai$^2$-chʻü$^1$
*** Yale: Bái-chyū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Bairchiu
*** Palladius: Байцюй (Bajcjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baak$^6$ keoi$^1$
*** Yale: baahk kēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baak$^9$ koey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bag$^6$ kêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːk̚² kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

白區
* (historical) White Area (the area controlled by the Kuomintang during the Second Revolutionary Civil War (1927-1937))

#### Coordinate terms

* 紅區／红区
* 蘇區／苏区 (sūqū)
# 畜臻
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 畜臻 – see 滀臻 (“Sóc Trăng”). (This term is a variant form of 滀臻).
# 畝捐
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mǔjuān
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˇ ㄐㄩㄢ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǔjuān
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˇ ㄐㄩㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǔjyuan
*** Wade–Giles: mu$^3$-chüan$^1$
*** Yale: mǔ-jywān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muujiuan
*** Palladius: муцзюань (muczjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵/

### Noun

畝捐
* (historical) surcharge on each mu of land (a kind of surtax in the late Qing dynasty)
    From: 1927, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《湖南農民運動考察報告》 (Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
    Dànshì tǔháolièshēn bǎchí xiāngzhèng shí jiā yú nóngmín de kējuān rú mǔjuān děng, què yīn nóngmín yùndòng de xīngqǐ, tǔháolièshēn de dǎotā ér qǔxiāo, zhìshǎo yě jiǎnqīng le. [Pinyin]
    However, the exorbitant levies imposed on the peasants when the local tyrants and evil gentry dominated rural administration, e.g., the surcharge on each mu of land, have been abolished or at least reduced with the rise of the peasant movement and the downfall of the local tyrants and evil gentry.
# 獨我論
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dúwǒlùn
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˊ ㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dúwǒlùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ ㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dúwǒlùn
*** Wade–Giles: tu$^2$-wo$^3$-lun$^4$
*** Yale: dú-wǒ-lwùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwuwooluenn
*** Palladius: дуволунь (duvolunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu³⁵ wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/

### Noun

獨我論
* solipsism

#### Synonyms

* 唯我論／唯我论 (wéiwǒlùn)
* 唯我主義／唯我主义 (wéiwǒzhǔyì)
# 獨斷
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dúduàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˊ ㄉㄨㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): duk$^6$ dyun$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): to̍k-toǎn / to̍k-toàn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dúduàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ ㄉㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dúduàn
*** Wade–Giles: tu$^2$-tuan$^4$
*** Yale: dú-dwàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwuduann
*** Palladius: дудуань (duduanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu³⁵ tu̯än⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: duk$^6$ dyun$^3$
*** Yale: duhk dyun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: duk$^9$ dyn$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dug$^6$ dün$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊk̚² tyːn³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to̍k-toǎn
*** Tâi-lô: to̍k-tuǎn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔk̚²⁴⁻² tuan²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to̍k-toàn
*** Tâi-lô: to̍k-tuàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dogdoaxn
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /tɔk̚⁴⁻³² tuan²¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tuan²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔk̚⁴⁻³² tuan¹¹/

### Verb

獨斷
* to make decisions on one's own; to be arbitrary

#### Synonyms

* 專擅／专擅 (zhuānshàn)
* 專斷／专断 (zhuānduàn)
* 專輒／专辄 (zhuānzhé) (literary)
* 擅自作主 (shànzì zuòzhǔ)

#### Antonyms

* 商議／商议 (shāngyì)

### Adjective

獨斷
* (attributive) arbitrary; dictatorial; dogmatic

#### Synonyms

* 專制／专制 (zhuānzhì)

### Proper noun

獨斷
* Solitary Decisions (fragmentary text dated late Han era or later, attributed to Cai Yong)

### Derived terms

* 獨斷專行／独断专行 (dúduànzhuānxíng)
* 獨斷獨行／独断独行 (dúduàndúxíng)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 独(どく)断(だん) (dokudan)
* → Korean: 독단(獨斷) (dokdan)
* → Vietnamese: độc đoán (獨斷)
# 獨斷專行
## Chinese

| | | to make decisions on one's own; to be arbitrary; arbitraryto make decisions on one's own; to be arbitrary; arbitrary; dictatorial; dogmatic | |
| trad. (獨斷專行) | trad. (獨斷專行) | 獨斷 | 專行 |
| simp. (独断专行) | simp. (独断专行) | 独断 | 专行 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dúduànzhuānxíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˊ ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄓㄨㄢ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): duk$^6$ dyun$^3$ zyun$^1$ hang$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dúduànzhuānxíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄓㄨㄢ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dúduànjhuansíng
*** Wade–Giles: tu$^2$-tuan$^4$-chuan$^1$-hsing$^2$
*** Yale: dú-dwàn-jwān-syíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwuduannjuanshyng
*** Palladius: дудуаньчжуаньсин (duduanʹčžuanʹsin)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu³⁵ tu̯än⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: duk$^6$ dyun$^3$ zyun$^1$ hang$^4$
*** Yale: duhk dyun jyūn hàhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: duk$^9$ dyn$^3$ dzyn$^1$ hang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dug$^6$ dün$^3$ jun$^1$ heng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊk̚² tyːn³³ t͡syːn⁵⁵ hɐŋ²¹/

### Idiom

獨斷專行
* to act arbitrarily

#### Synonyms

* 獨斷獨行／独断独行 (dúduàndúxíng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 独断(どくだん)専行(せんこう) (dokudansenkō)