# 莧

| 莧 | U+83A7, &#33703; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83A7 |
| ← 莦 [U+83A6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 莨 → [U+83A8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

莧 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿月山山 (TBUU), four-corner 4421$_6$, composition ⿱艹見)

#### Usage notes

* This character contains the grass radical (艹) and is not to be confused with visually similar 萈 (U+8408) which contains the ram's horn component (⻀) and an additional 丶 stroke on the top right of 儿 below 目.

#### Derived characters

* 𦎽, 寛, 𪢯

#### Related characters

* 苋 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1035, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31074
* Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3218, character 3
* Unihan data for U+83A7

## Chinese

* 莧 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Amaranthus tricolor (English)

### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 莧
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 涀 | *ɡeːlʔ, *kʰeːns, *ɡeːns |
| 莧 | *ɡreːns |
| 粯 | *ɡreːns |
| 晛 | *ŋl'eːns, *ɡeːnʔ |
| 筧 | *keːnʔ |
| 絸 | *keːnʔ |
| 垷 | *keːnʔ, *ɡeːnʔ |
| 挸 | *keːnʔ |
| 見 | *keːns, *ɡeːns |
| 俔 | *kʰeːns, *ɡeːnʔ |
| 蜆 | *kʰeːns, *qʰeːnʔ, *ɡeːnʔ |
| 硯 | *ŋɡeːn, *ŋɡeːns |
| 峴 | *ɡeːnʔ |
| 哯 | *ɡeːnʔ |
| 睍 | *ɡeːnʔ |
| 現 | *ɡeːns |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiàn (xian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jin$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): han$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): han
    (Meixian, Guangdong): han$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hēng / hāng / hěng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hoin$^7$ / hain$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^4$
*** Yale: syàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
*** Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^6$
*** Yale: yihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: han$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /han²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: han
*** Hakka Romanization System: han
*** Hagfa Pinyim: han$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /han⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: han$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /han⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Kaohsiung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Taichung, Tainan, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēng
*** Tâi-lô: hīng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: heng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /hiɪŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Kinmen, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāng
*** Tâi-lô: hāng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hang
*** IPA (Taipei): /haŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /haŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Lukang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hěng
*** Tâi-lô: hǐng
*** IPA (Lukang): /hiɪŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hoin$^7$ / hain$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hōiⁿ / hāiⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /hõĩ¹¹/, /hãĩ¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: heanH
Rime :
| Character | 莧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 山 (73) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 侯襇切 |
| Baxter | heanH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠɛn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚæn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣæn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəɨn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɛn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣæn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣăn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 莧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6185 |
| Phonetic component | 見 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡreːns/ |
| Notes | 見爾雅 |

### Definitions

莧
* edible amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor)

#### Compounds

* 林地莧／林地苋 (líndìxiàn)
* 莧菜／苋菜 (xiàncài)
* 野莧菜／野苋菜
* 馬齒莧／马齿苋 (mǎchǐxiàn)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* amaranth; amaranthus

#### Readings

* Go-on: けん (ken)、げん (gen)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: ひゆ (hiyu, 莧)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 莧
* ひゆ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひゆ [híꜜyù] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) ひゆ [hìyú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çijɯ̟]

### Noun

莧(ひゆ) or 莧(ヒユ) • (hiyu)
* Amaranthus tricolor (Joseph's coat); tampala, specifically Amaranthus tricolor var. mangostanus

#### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

#### Derived terms

* 犬莧(イヌビユ) (inubiyu): Amaranthus blitum
* 針莧(ハリビユ) (haribiyu): Amaranthus spinosus
* 滑莧(スベリヒユ) (suberihiyu): Portulaca oleracea

### See also

* 葉鶏頭(ハゲイトウ) (hageitō, “subsp. tricolor”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

莧 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현, revised hyeon, Yale hyen)
* (비름): amaranth, amaranthus

## Vietnamese
### Han character

莧: Hán Nôm readings: hiện
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation