# 許多
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xǔduō
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˇ ㄉㄨㄛ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): heoi$^2$ do$^1$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): hi$^3$ do$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hú-to / hír-to͘ / hí-to
    (Teochew, Peng'im): he$^2$ do$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$shiu-tu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xǔduō
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˇ ㄉㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syǔduo
*** Wade–Giles: hsü$^3$-to$^1$
*** Yale: syǔ-dwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheuduo
*** Palladius: сюйдо (sjujdo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: heoi$^2$ do$^1$
*** Yale: héui dō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoey$^2$ do$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hêu$^2$ do$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɵy̯³⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hi$^3$ do$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi³¹ to⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hú-to
*** Tâi-lô: hú-to
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hw'doy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hír-to͘
*** Tâi-lô: hír-too
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hí-to
*** Tâi-lô: hí-to
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hy'doy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: he$^2$ do$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳ́ to
*** Sinological IPA : /hɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ to³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$shiu-tu
*** MiniDict: shiu$^去$ tu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$xy-tu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕy³³ tu⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: xjoX ta
Rime :
| Character | 許 | 多 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 虚吕切 | 得何切 |
| Baxter | xjoX | ta |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨʌ$^X$/ | /tɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hiɔ$^X$/ | /tɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiɔ$^X$/ | /tɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨə̆$^X$/ | /ta/ |
| Li Rong | /xiɔ$^X$/ | /tɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭo$^X$/ | /tɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xi̯wo$^X$/ | /tɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xǔ | duō |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | heoi$^2$ | do$^1$ |

### Adjective

許多
* a considerable number of; a significant amount of; a good deal of; a lot of; many; much
       Xiànzài kēxué kěyǐ shuōmíng xǔduō shénmì de shì. [Pinyin]
       Science can now account for many mysterious things.
       Tā zài dōngtiān shōují le xǔduō xuěshuǐ, zhǔnbèi xiàtiān yònglái jiàng shǔ. [Pinyin]
       She collected lots of snow water in winter so as to reduce the heat in summer.
    From: Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE
    Zhǐjiàn xǔduō nánnǚ, títíkūkū, zài jiēshàng guò. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18th century CE
    Hū tīng yīpiàn shēng dǎ de mén xiǎng, xǔduō rén luàn rǎng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* 一系列 (yīxìliè)
* 不少 (bùshǎo)
* 不老少 (bùlǎoshǎo) (colloquial)
* 儦儦 (biāobiāo) (literary)
* 千千 (qiānqiān) (literary)
* 千百 (qiānbǎi) (literary)
* 好些 (hǎoxiē)
* 好多 (hǎoduō)
* 孔多 (kǒngduō) (literary)
* 幾多／几多 (gei$^2$ do$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 廣／广 (literary, or in compounds)
* 廣大／广大 (guǎngdà) (of people)
* 延延 (yányán) (literary)
* 很多 (hěnduō)
* 𣍐少／𫧃少 (Hokkien)
* 浩瀚 (hàohàn)
* 浩繁 (hàofán)
* 百
* 眾多／众多 (zhòngduō)
* 繁多 (fánduō)
* 萌生 (méngshēng) (literary)
* 諸多／诸多 (zhūduō)
* 颮颮／飑飑 (literary)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 許多, 甚多 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 老些, 老些個 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 很多, 好多, 滿多, 許多 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 好多 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 好多 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 好多 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當多, 已多 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蓋多 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當多, 盡多, 已多 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當多, 已多 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當多, 盡多, 已多 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 真多, 足多 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 野濟 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 真濟, 野濟, 誠濟, 有夠濟 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 真濟, 野濟, 誠濟, 有夠濟 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 盡濟, 蓋濟, 足濟, 有夠濟 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 真濟, 誠濟 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 真濟, 誠濟 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 有夠濟, 足濟, 真濟, 誠濟, 蓋濟 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 有夠濟, 足濟, 誠濟, 盡濟 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 真濟, 誠濟 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 誠濟, 蓋濟, 足濟 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 有夠濟, 足濟, 真濟, 誠濟, 蓋濟 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 真濟, 誠濟 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 足濟, 誠濟 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 真濟, 誠濟 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 誠濟 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 野濟, 真濟 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 好濟 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 老多, 交關, 交關多, 造反, 行情, 介許多 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 造反 |

#### Derived terms

* 許許多多／许许多多 (xǔxǔduōduō)
* 顧不得許多／顾不得许多 (gù bùdé xǔduō)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 許 | 多 |
| きょ Grade: 5 | た Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 巨多

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きょた [kyóꜜtà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲo̞ta̠]

#### Noun

許(きょ)多(た) • (kyota)
* a great amount

#### Adjective

許(きょ)多(た) • (kyota) -na (adnominal 許(きょ)多(た)な (kyota na), adverbial 許(きょ)多(た)に (kyota ni))
* many, much

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 許多だろ | きょただろ | kyota daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 許多で | きょたで | kyota de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 許多だ | きょただ | kyota da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 許多な | きょたな | kyota na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 許多なら | きょたなら | kyota nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 許多であれ | きょたであれ | kyota de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 許多ではない 許多じゃない | きょたではない きょたじゃない | kyota de wa nai kyota ja nai |
| Informal past | 許多だった | きょただった | kyota datta |
| Informal negative past | 許多ではなかった 許多じゃなかった | きょたではなかった きょたじゃなかった | kyota de wa nakatta kyota ja nakatta |
| Formal | 許多です | きょたです | kyota desu |
| Formal negative | 許多ではありません 許多じゃありません | きょたではありません きょたじゃありません | kyota de wa arimasen kyota ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 許多でした | きょたでした | kyota deshita |
| Formal negative past | 許多ではありませんでした 許多じゃありませんでした | きょたではありませんでした きょたじゃありませんでした | kyota de wa arimasen deshita kyota ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 許多で | きょたで | kyota de |
| Conditional | 許多なら（ば） | きょたなら（ば） | kyota nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 許多だったら | きょただったら | kyota dattara |
| Volitional | 許多だろう | きょただろう | kyota darō |
| Adverbial | 許多に | きょたに | kyota ni |
| Degree | 許多さ | きょたさ | kyotasa |

### Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 許多 – see the following entry. :
| 【数多あまた】 | [adverb] many, much [noun] many |
(This term, 許多, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN