# 立秋
## Chinese

* 立秋 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 立秋 (Cantonese)
* Li̍p-chhiû (Hakka)
* Lĭk-chiŭ (Eastern Min)
* Li̍p-chhiu (Southern Min)
* 立秋 (Wu)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): Lìqiū
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ ㄑㄧㄡ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): Ni$^2$ qiu$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): laap$^6$ cau$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): lit$^6$ qiu$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Li̍p-chhiû
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lib$^6$ qiu$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): lieh$^4$ qiou$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): Lì-chiú
* Eastern Min (BUC): Lĭk-chiŭ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Li̍p-chhiu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lib$^8$ ciu$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$liq-chieu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li$^6$ ciou$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Lìqiū
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ ㄑㄧㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Lìciou
*** Wade–Giles: Li$^4$-chʻiu$^1$
*** Yale: Lì-chyōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Lihchiou
*** Palladius: Лицю (Licju)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: Ni$^2$ qiu$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: Likiu
*** Sinological IPA : /ni²¹ t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laap$^6$ cau$^1$
*** Yale: laahp chāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laap$^9$ tsau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lab$^6$ ceo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːp̚² t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: lit$^6$ qiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /lit̚⁵ t͡ɕʰiu⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Li̍p-chhiû
*** Hakka Romanization System: lib qiu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lib$^6$ qiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /lip̚⁵ t͡sʰi̯u²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: lib$^6$ qiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /lip̚⁵ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: lieh$^4$ qiou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /liəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Lì-chiú
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁴² t͡sʰiu⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Lĭk-chiŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃iʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰieu⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Li̍p-chhiu
*** Tâi-lô: Li̍p-tshiu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: libchiw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lip̚²⁴⁻² t͡sʰiu³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lib$^8$ ciu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: li̍p tshiu
*** Sinological IPA : /lip̚⁴⁻² t͡sʰiu³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$liq-chieu
*** MiniDict: lih$^入$ chieu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$liq-qieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /liɪʔ¹¹ t͡ɕʰiɤ²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: li$^6$ ciou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /li²⁴ t͡sʰi̯əu̯³³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /li²⁴ t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: lip tshjuw
Rime :
| Character | 立 | 秋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 緝 (141) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 力入切 | 七由切 |
| Baxter | lip | tshjuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liɪp̚/ | /t͡sʰɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lip̚/ | /t͡sʰiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljep̚/ | /t͡sʰiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lip̚/ | /t͡sʰuw/ |
| Li Rong | /liəp̚/ | /t͡sʰiu/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭĕp̚/ | /t͡sʰĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /li̯əp̚/ | /t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lì | qiū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lap$^6$ | cau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.rəp tsʰiw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rɯb sʰɯw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 立 | 秋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lì | qiū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lip › | ‹ tshjuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*k.rəp/ | /*tsʰiw/ |
| English | stand (v.) | autumn; crop |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 立 | 秋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 7869 | 10537 |
| Phonetic component | 立 | 秋 |
| Rime group | 緝 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 立 | 秋 |
| Old Chinese | /*rɯb/ | /*sʰɯw/ |

### Proper noun

立秋
* The first day of autumn, one of the solar terms (around the 8th of August).
    From: 《漢書·卷七七·蓋諸葛劉鄭孫母將何傳·孫寶》
    Shù yuè, yǐ lìqiū rì shù Wén dōngbù dūyóu. [Pinyin]
    Several months later, on the first day of autumn, Hou Wen was appointed as the Postal Inspector of the Eastern Region."

#### Synonyms

* (dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Huizhou, Northern Min, Puxian Min, Wu) 交秋
* (Harbin Mandarin) 打秋

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 立秋(りっしゅう) (risshū)
* → Korean: 립추(立秋) (ripchu), 입추(立秋) (ipchu)

### See also

* 二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立春 (Lìchūn)、雨水 (yǔshuǐ)、驚蟄／惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)、春分 (Chūnfēn)、清明 (qīngmíng)、穀雨／谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
** Summer: 立夏 (Lìxià)、小滿／小满 (Xiǎomǎn)、芒種／芒种 (mángzhòng)、夏至 (xiàzhì)、小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)、大暑 (Dàshǔ)
** Autumn: 立秋 (Lìqiū)、處暑／处暑 (Chǔshǔ)、白露 (báilù)、秋分 (Qiūfēn)、寒露 (Hánlù)、霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
** Winter: 立冬 (Lìdōng)、小雪 (xiǎoxuě)、大雪 (dàxuě)、冬至 (dōngzhì)、小寒 (Xiǎohán)、大寒 (Dàhán)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 立 | 秋 |
| りつ > りっ Grade: 1 | しゅう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

Middle Chinese /*lip̚t͡sʰiu/ > Japanese /*ɾit̚t͡ʃʰjuː/ > /ɾiʃːjuː/

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɾʲiɕːɨː]

### Proper noun

立(りっ)秋(しゅう) • (Risshū)
* The first day of autumn, one of the solar terms.

### See also

* 二(に)十(じゅう)四(し)節(せっ)気(き) (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立(りっ)春(しゅん) (Risshun), 雨(う)水(すい) (Usui), 啓(けい)蟄(ちつ) (Keichitsu), 春(しゅん)分(ぶん) (Shunbun), 清(せい)明(めい) (Seimei), 穀(こく)雨(う) (Kokuu)
** Summer: 立(りっ)夏(か) (Rikka), 小(しょう)満(まん) (Shōman), 芒(ぼう)種(しゅ) (Bōshu), 夏(げ)至(し) (Geshi), 小(しょう)暑(しょ) (Shōsho), 大(たい)暑(しょ) (Taisho)
** Autumn: 立(りっ)秋(しゅう) (Risshū), 処(しょ)暑(しょ) (Shosho), 白(はく)露(ろ) (Hakuro), 秋(しゅう)分(ぶん) (Shūbun), 寒(かん)露(ろ) (Kanro), 霜(そう)降(こう) (Sōkō)
** Winter: 立(りっ)冬(とう) (Rittō), 小(しょう)雪(せつ) (Shōsetsu), 大雪(たいせつ) (Taisetsu), 冬(とう)至(じ) (Tōji), 小(しょう)寒(かん) (Shōkan), 大寒(だいかん) (Daikan)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 立 | 秋 |

### Proper noun

立秋
* chữ Hán form of Lập thu (“The first day of autumn, one of the solar terms”).