OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 세인트존스
## Korean
### Etymology

From English St. John's.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [s͈e̞intʰɯd͡ʑo̞nsʰɯ]
* Phonetic hangul: [쎄인트존스]

### Proper noun

세인트존스 • (Seinteujonseu)
* [~시(市)] St. John's (the capital city of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada)
# 세이셸
## Korean
### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [s͈e̞iɕʰe̞ɭ] ~ [s͈e̞isʰe̞ɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [쎄이셸/쎄이셀]

### Proper noun

세이셸 • (Seisyel)
* Seychelles (a country in Africa)
# 옥황상제
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 玉皇上帝.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [o̞kʰwa̠ŋsʰa̠ŋd͡ʑe̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [오쾅상제]

### Proper noun

옥황상제 • (Okhwangsangje) (hanja 玉皇上帝)
* (Chinese mythology, folklore) Jade Emperor
# 의정서
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 議定書, from 議定 (“agreement”) + 書 (“book”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɰid͡ʑʌ̹ŋsʰʌ̹]
* Phonetic hangul: [의정서]

### Noun

의정서 • (uijeongseo) (hanja 議定書)
* (international law) protocol
# 사내정치
## Korean
### Etymology

사내(社內) (sanae, “workplace (relational)”) +‎ 정치(政治) (jeongchi, “politics”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰa̠nɛd͡ʑʌ̹ŋt͡ɕʰi] ~ [sʰa̠ne̞d͡ʑʌ̹ŋt͡ɕʰi]
* Phonetic hangul: [사내정치/사네정치]

### Noun

사내정치 • (sanaejeongchi) (hanja 社內政治)
* office politics
# 심혼
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 心魂

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰimβo̞n]
* Phonetic hangul: [심혼]

### Noun

심혼 • (simhon) (hanja 心魂)
* (one's) heart, spirit, soul
# 소유하다
## Korean
### Etymology

소유(所有) (soyu) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈsʰo̞(ː)juɦa̠da̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [소(ː)유하다]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Verb

소유하다 • (soyuhada) (infinitive 소유해 or 소유하여, sequential 소유하니)
* (transitive) to own; to possess
# 차선책
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 次善策.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰa̠sʰʌ̹ɲt͡ɕʰɛk̚] ~ [t͡ɕʰa̠sʰʌ̹ɲt͡ɕʰe̞k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [차선책/차선첵]

### Noun

차선책 • (chaseonchaek) (hanja 次善策)
* the best alternative; second best solution

#### See also

* 최선책(最善策) (choeseonchaek)
# 차분하다
## Korean
### Etymology

차분 (chabun) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰa̠bunɦa̠da̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [차분하다]

### Adjective

차분하다 • (chabunhada) (infinitive 차분해 or 차분하여, sequential 차분하니)
* to be calm, to be composed, to be nonchalant
# 쇠솔딱새
## Korean
### Etymology

쇠 (soe, “small”) +‎ 솔딱새 (solttaksae, “dark-sided flycatcher”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰwe̞sʰo̞ɭt͈a̠ks͈ɛ] ~ [sʰø̞sʰo̞ɭt͈a̠ks͈ɛ] ~ [sʰwe̞sʰo̞ɭt͈a̠ks͈e̞] ~ [sʰø̞sʰo̞ɭt͈a̠ks͈e̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [쉐솔딱쌔/쇠솔딱쌔/쉐솔딱쎄/쇠솔딱쎄]

### Noun

쇠솔딱새 • (soesolttaksae)
* Asian brown flycatcher (Muscicapa dauurica)
# 쇠주걱
## Korean
### Etymology

Of native Korean origin. From 쇠 (soe, “metal”) +‎ 주걱 (jugeok, “spatula”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰwe̞d͡ʑuɡʌ̹k̚] ~ [sʰø̞d͡ʑuɡʌ̹k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [쉐주걱/쇠주걱]

### Noun

쇠주걱 • (soejugeok)
* metal spatula
# 타원
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 楕圓

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈtʰa̠(ː)wʌ̹n]
* Phonetic hangul: [타(ː)원]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Noun

타원 • (tawon) (hanja 楕圓)
* an ellipse
# pubstomping
## English
### Verb

pubstomping
* present participle and gerund of pubstomp
# ϣⲟ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⳉⲟ (xo) — Akhmimic
* ϣⲁ (ša) — Fayyumic

### Pronunciation

* IPA: */ʃoʔ/

### Numeral

ϣⲟ • (šo)
* (Bohairic, Sahidic, Lycopolitan) one thousand
# xerocopiat
## Romanian
### Etymology

Past participle of xerocopia.

### Noun

xerocopiat n (uncountable)
* xeroxing, photocopying

#### Declension
### Verb

xerocopiat (past participle of xerocopia)
* past participle of xerocopia
# наркоторговля
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˌnarkətɐrˈɡovlʲə]

### Noun

наркоторго́вля • (narkotorgóvlja) f inan (genitive наркоторго́вли, nominative plural наркоторго́вли, genitive plural наркоторго́вель)
* (illicit) drug business
    Synonym: наркоби́знес (narkobíznɛs)
# 銃火
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 銃 | 火 |
| じゅう Grade: S | か Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じゅうか [júꜜùkà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [d͡ʑɨːka̠]

### Noun

銃(じゅう)火(か) • (jūka)
* gunfire

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 饱食终日
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 饱食终日 – see 飽食終日 (“to spend the whole day eating”). (This term is the simplified form of 飽食終日).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# ਕਦੀ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Cognate to Gujarati કદી (kadī).

### Adverb

ਕਦੀ • (kadī) (Shahmukhi spelling کدی)
* sometimes; ever
    Synonym: ਕਦੇ (kade)
    ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕਦੀ ਮਹਾਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ ਗਏ ਹੋ?tusī̃ kadī mahārāśṭar gaē ho?Have you ever been to Maharashtra?

#### Related terms

* ਕਦੋਂ (kadõ, “when”)
# ইয়োরোপ
## Bengali
### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /i̯oɾop/, [ˈi̯oɾop]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /i̯oɹop/, [ˈi̯oɹop]

### Proper noun

ইয়োরোপ • (iẏōrōp)
* Alternative form of ইউরোপ (iurōp)
# লৗটৗই
## Hajong
### Etymology

Cognate with Bengali লাটাই (laṭai, “reel, spool”)

### Noun

লৗটৗই (lâtâi)
* bobbin; spool for winding thread; can be used for kites
# ল্যাপটপ কম্পিউটার
## Bengali
### Etymology

Borrowed from English laptop computer.

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /læpʈɔp‿kɔmpiu̯ʈaɾ/, [ˈlæpʈɔpkɔmpiu̯ʈaɾ]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /lɛptɔp‿kɔmpiu̯taɹ/, [ˈlɛptɔpkɔmpiu̯taɹ]
    Audio:(file)

### Noun

ল্যাপটপ কম্পিউটার • (lêpţôp kômpiuţar)
* laptop computer
# মাস্কারা
## Bengali
### Etymology

Derived from English mascara, from Italian maschera (“mask”).

### Noun

মাস্কারা • (maskara)
* mascara; a cosmetic used to darken and thicken the eyelashes.

#### Related terms

* মাস্ক (masko)
# মাহই
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* মাকই (makoi), মাখই (makhoi)
* মকাই (mokai), মক্কা (mokka) — Standard

### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit মৰ্কক (markaka, “greater adjutant”). Cognate with Assamese মাকৈ (makoi), Hindustani مکئی / मकई (makaī).

### Noun

মাহই • (mahoi) (Vanga)
* maize, corn
    Synonym: ভুট্টা (bhuṭṭa)
    মাহই পুড়া খাও। ― mahoi puṛa khaō. ― Eat the roasted maize.
# মাস্টারমশাই
## Bengali
### Etymology

Compound of মাস্টার (masṭar) +‎ মশাই (mośai).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmastaɾ.mɔʃai̯/, /ˈmaʃ.taɾ.mɔʃai̯/, /ˈmaʃ.ʈaɾ.mɔʃai̯/, /ˈmaʂʈaɾ.mɔʃai̯/

### Noun

মাস্টারমশাই • (masṭaromśai)
* teacher
    Synonyms: শিক্ষক (śikkhok), আচার্য (acarjo)
# ਅਦਬ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic أَدَب (ʔadab).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ਅਦਬ • (adab) m (Shahmukhi spelling ادب)
* politeness
* respect
* reverence
* courtesy
* urbanity
* discipline
* literature
* civility

#### Synonyms

* (respect): ਆਦਰ (ādar), ਸਤਕਾਰ (satkār), ਸਨਮਾਨ (sanmān)
* (literature): ਸਾਹਿਤ (sāhit)

### References

* Singh, Bhai Maya (1895) “ਅਦਬ”, in The Panjabi Dictionary, Lahore: Munshi Gulab Singh and Sons.
# ਅਧਖੜ
## Punjabi
### Adjective

ਅਧਖੜ • (adhakhaṛ)
* middle-aged
    Synonym: ਅਧੇੜ (adheṛ)

### Further reading

* “ਅਧਖੜ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# ਅਣੋਖਾ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit अनपेक्ष (anapekṣa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [əɳoːkʰaː]

### Adjective

ਅਣੋਖਾ • (aṇokhā) (Shahmukhi spelling اَݨوکھا)
* uncommon, rare, wonderful, strange

#### Declension
### References

* “ਅਣੋਖਾ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# সরবত
## Bengali
### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /ʃɔɾbot̪/, [ˈʃɔɾbot̪], /sɔɾbot̪/, [ˈsɔɾbot̪]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /ʃɔɹbot̪/, [ˈʃɔɹbot̪], /sɔɹbot̪/, [ˈsɔɹbot̪]

### Noun

সরবত • (śorbot)
* alternative form of শরবত (śorbot)
# চাকৈ-চকোৱা
## Assamese
### Etymology

From চাকৈ (sakoi, “the female”) +‎ চকোৱা (soküa, “the male”). চকোৱা (soküa) is from Sanskrit চক্ৰৱাক (cakravāka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.koɪ-.sɔ.kʊa/

### Noun

চাকৈ-চকোৱা • (sakoi-soküa)
* ruddy sheldduck

### Classifier

Male = -টো, female = -জনী.
# ਹੁੰਦਾ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɦʊnd̪aː]

### Verb

ਹੁੰਦਾ • (hundā)
* habitual direct of ਹੋਣਾ (hoṇā)

### References

* “ਹੁੰਦਾ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# ਹੁਕਮ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حُكْم (ḥukm). Compare Hindi हुक्म (hukm).

### Noun

ਹੁਕਮ • (hukam) m
* order, instruction
** Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Arjan, translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa, ang 74:
    ਹੁਣਿ ਹੁਕਮੁ ਹੋਆ ਮਿਹਰਵਾਣ ਦਾ ਪੈ ਕੋਇ ਨ ਕਿਸੈ ਰਞਾਣਦਾhuṇ hukam hoā meharvāṇ dā pae koe na kisae rañāṇadāNow, the Merciful Lord has issued His Command. Let no one chase after and attack anyone else.
# ਡਗ
## Punjabi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɖə.ɡə̆/

### Adjective

ਡਗ • (ḍag) (Shahmukhi spelling ڈگ)
* rough, coarse

#### Derived terms

* ਡਗ ਕੁੱਤਾ m (ḍag kuttā, “pye-dog”)

### Further reading

* “ਡਗ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# ਠੱਠਾ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʈʰəʈʰːaː/, [ʈʰəʈ̚.ʈʰaː]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ਠੱਠਾ • (ṭhaṭṭhā) ?
* Name of the seventeeth letter of the Punjabi alphabet, ਠ (ṭha), written in Gurmukhi.

### References

* “ਠੱਠਾ”, in Punjabipedia [ਪੰਜਾਬੀਪੀਡੀਆ] (in Punjabi), Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# ਠੱਗ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

From Sanskrit स्थग (sthaga), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *stʰagáti, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg-. Cognate with English thug.

### Noun

ਠੱਗ • (ṭhagga) m (Shahmukhi spelling ٹھگ)
* cheat, swindler, trickster, deceiver, knave, confidence man

#### Derived terms

* ਠੱਗਣਾ (ṭhaggaṇā, “cheat”, verb)
* ਠੱਗੀ f (ṭhaggī, “swindle”)
* ਠੱਗਬਾਜ਼ੀ f (ṭhaggabāzī, “cheating”)

### Further reading

* “ਠੱਗ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# ਸਲੀਬ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian صَلِیب (salīb), from Arabic صَلِيب (ṣalīb). Compare Hindi सलीब (salīb).

### Noun

ਸਲੀਬ • (salīb) f (Shahmukhi spelling صلیب)
* crucifix, the Christian cross
# ਸਵਰ
## Punjabi
### Noun

ਸਵਰ • (savar) m (Shahmukhi spelling سور)
* Alternative form of ਸ੍ਵਰ (svar)
# ਸਲਵਾਰ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Urdu سلوار (salvār), from Classical Persian شلوار (šalwār).

### Noun

ਸਲਵਾਰ • (salvār) f (Shahmukhi spelling سلوار)
* shalwar (loose trousers)

#### Derived terms

* ਪਟਿਆਲਾ ਸਲਵਾਰ m (paṭiālā salvār, “Patiala shalwar”)

### Further reading

* “ਸਲਵਾਰ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# ਮੇਰੀ
## Punjabi
### Pronoun

ਮੇਰੀ • (merī)
* inflection of ਮੇਰਾ (merā):
** feminine direct singular
** feminine oblique singular
# ਮੇਰਿਆਂ
## Punjabi
### Pronoun

ਮੇਰਿਆਂ • (meriā̃)
* masculine oblique plural of ਮੇਰਾ (merā)
# ਮੇਜ਼
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian میز (mēz).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /meːd͡ʒə̆/, /meːzə̆/

### Noun

ਮੇਜ਼ • (mez) f (Shahmukhi spelling میز)
* table

#### Declension
### References

* “ਮੇਜ਼”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# કુંવારું
## Gujarati
### Etymology

From Sanskrit कुमारक (kumāraka).

### Adjective

કુંવારું • (kũvārũ)
* single, unmarried
# કુંજડો
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit *𑀓𑀼𑀁𑀚 (*kuṃja) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-), from Sanskrit कुञ्ज (kuñja, “arbour”). Cognate with Hindi कुंजड़ा (kuñjṛā).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈkũd͡ʒ.ɽo/
* Rhymes: -o
* Hyphenation: કુંજ‧ડો

### Noun

કુંજડો • (kuñjḍo) m
* vegetable seller, greengrocer
    Synonym: કાછિયો (kāchiyo)
* gardener
    Synonym: માળી (māḷī)
* crane (bird)
    Synonym: સારસ (sāras)

### References

* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kuñja”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# મુલતાન
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Borrowed from Punjabi ਮੁਲਤਾਨ (multān) / ملتان (multān).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈmul.t̪ɑn/

### Proper noun

મુલતાન • (multān) n
* Multan (a city in Multan district, Punjab, Pakistan)

### Proper noun

મુલતાન • (multān) m
* Multan (a division of Punjab, Pakistan)
# ਡੋਪ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from English dope.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɖoːpə̆/
* Rhymes: -oːpə̆
* Hyphenation: ਡੋਪ

### Noun

ਡੋਪ • (ḍopa) m (Shahmukhi spelling ڈوپ)
* (slang) dope, any illicit or narcotic drug
# ਡੋਸਾ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Kannada ದೋಸೆ (dōse).

### Noun

ਡੋਸਾ • (ḍosā) m
* dosa (crepe)

### Further reading

* “ਡੋਸਾ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# মক্তব
## Bengali
### Noun

মক্তব • (moktob)
* Alternative spelling of মকতব (moktob)
# અબૂજ
## Vaghri
### Etymology

From અ- (a-) +‎ બૂજ (būj, “knowing, understanding”). Cognate to Gujarati અબૂજ (abūj).

### Adjective

અબૂજ (abūj)
* stupid, foolish
    Synonym: અનાડ઼ી (anāṛī)
# ਸੁਖ
## Punjabi
### Noun

ਸੁਖ • (sukh) m (Shahmukhi spelling سکھ)
* happiness
* pleasure, comfort
* felicity
* tranquillity
# ਸੁਖਾਸਨ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sʊkʰaːsən]

### Noun

ਸੁਖਾਸਨ • (sukhāsan) m
* a comfortable posture or seat
* (Sikhism) sukhasana

#### Declension
### References

* “ਸੁਖਾਸਨ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# ਸੁਧਰਨਾ
## Punjabi

* Punjabi verb set
* ਸੁਧਰਨਾ (sudhranā)
* ਸੁਧਾਰਨਾ (sudhārnā)

### Verb

ਸੁਧਰਨਾ • (sudharnā)
* (intransitive) to improve, to get better
* (intransitive) to be reformed, improved

#### Conjugation

$^1$The presence of theਲ਼ (ḷa) phoneme can vary by dialect ਲ (la).
$^1$Some dialects conjugate ਸੀ (sī) for person and number (from left to right): ਸਾਂ (sā̃), ਸੈ (sai), ਸੋ (so), ਸਾਂ (sā̃), ਸਨ (san). $^2$Colloquially, ਹਨ (han) is always ਨੇ (ne) in the Majhi dialect. $^3$Dialectal.

#### Related terms

* ਸੁਧਾਰ m (sudhār, “improvement, reforms”)

### Further reading

* “ਸੁਧਰਨਾ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# ચૌદમું
## Gujarati
### Etymology

ચૌદ (caud) +‎ -મું (-mũ)

### Adjective

ચૌદમું • (caudmũ) (ordinal number)
* fourteenth
# છટકબારી
## Gujarati
### Etymology

From છટક (chaṭak) +‎ બારી (bārī).

### Noun

છટકબારી • (chaṭakbārī) f
* escape window
* a solution to a tough situation
# હાથરૂમાલ
## Gujarati
### Etymology

હાથ (hāth) +‎ રૂમાલ (rūmāl)

### Noun

હાથરૂમાલ • (hāthrūmāl) m
* handkerchief, rag
# હાથીપગું
## Gujarati
### Etymology

From હાથી (hāthī) +‎ પગું (pagũ).

### Noun

હાથીપગું • (hāthīpgũ) n
* elephantiasis
    Synonym: શ્લીપદ (ślīpad)
# கன்னடம்
## Tamil
### Etymology

Cognate with Malayalam കന്നടം (kannaṭaṁ), Telugu కన్నడము (kannaḍamu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɐnːɐɖɐm/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

கன்னடம் • (kaṉṉaṭam)
* Kannada (language)
# பிற்கார்
## Tamil
### Noun

பிற்கார் • (piṟkār)
* A kind of paddy harvested in the latter part of the kār season
# ଠିକାଦାର୍
## Odia
### Etymology

ଠିକା (ṭhikā) +‎ -ଦାର୍ (-dār).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʈʰikad̪aɾ/

### Noun

ଠିକାଦାର୍ (ṭhikādār)
* contractor

### References

* Praharaj, Gopala Chandra (1931—1940) “ଠିକାଦାର୍”, in Purnnacandra Odia Bhashakosha, Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press
* Neukom, Lukas (2003) A grammar of Oriya‎, Zürich: Seminar für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, page 17
# கபோதகம்
## Tamil
### Etymology

From Sanskrit कपोतिका (kapotikā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɐboːd̪ɐɡɐm/

### Noun

கபோதகம் • (kapōtakam)
* dove
* moulding in masonry

### References

University of Madras (1924–1936) “கபோதகம்”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# கபோதம்
## Tamil
### Etymology

From Sanskrit कपोत (kapota).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɐboːd̪ɐm/

### Noun

கபோதம் • (kapōtam)
* dove
* pigeon
* overhanging projections of a house
* parakeet bur

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “கபோதம்”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# கபிலம்
## Tamil
### Etymology

From Sanskrit कपिल (kapila).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɐbɪlɐm/

### Noun

கபிலம் • (kapilam)
* tawny, dim color; dinginess, dustiness, brown

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “கபிலம்”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# கப்பம்
## Tamil
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɐpːɐm/

### Etymology 1

Ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kapp-am. Cognate to Telugu కప్పము (kappamu), Kannada ಕಪ್ಪ (kappa), Tulu ಕಪ್ಪ (kappa), and Malayalam കപ്പം (kappaṁ).

#### Noun

கப்பம் • (kappam)
* tribute

##### Descendants

* → Sinhalese: කප්පම (kappama)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

கப்பம் • (kappam)
* Alternative form of கற்பம் (kaṟpam)

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “கப்பம்”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# ପଡିବା
## Odia
### Etymology

From Sanskrit पतति (patati).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔɖiba/

### Verb

ପଡିବା (paḍibā)
* to fall
# ପଢ଼ାଇବା
## Odia
### Etymology

Causative of ପଢ଼ିବା (paṛhibā). Cognate to Marathi पढवणे (paḍhavṇe).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔɽʱaiba/

### Verb

ପଢ଼ାଇବା (paṛhāibā)
* to teach
* to advise

### References

* Praharaj, Gopala Chandra (1931—1940) “ପଢ଼ାଇବା”, in Purnnacandra Odia Bhashakosha, Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press
* Neukom, Lukas (2003) A grammar of Oriya‎, Zürich: Seminar für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, page 130
# சபை
## Tamil
### Etymology

From Sanskrit सभा (sabhā), doublet of அவை (avai).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ɕɐbɐɪ̯/, [sɐbɐɪ̯]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

சபை • (capai)
* assembly, meeting, congregation, society, association
    Synonym: கூட்டம் (kūṭṭam)
* assembly room, public hall
    Synonym: சபாமண்டபம் (capāmaṇṭapam)
* common meeting place
* Temple-halls in which Shiva performs his dance
* (Christianity) church, congregation
    Synonym: திருச்சபை (tiruccapai)

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “சபை”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# சப்பங்கி
## Tamil
### Etymology

From Malay sepang.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ɕɐpːɐŋɡɪ/, [sɐpːɐŋɡi]

### Noun

சப்பங்கி • (cappaṅki)
* sapan, Caesalpinia sappan

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “சப்பங்கி”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# கோன்
## Tamil
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koːn/

### Etymology 1

From கோ (kō).

#### Noun

கோன் • (kōṉ)
* king
* master, lord

##### Declension
### Etymology 2
#### Noun

கோன் • (kōṉ)
* locative of கோனான் (kōṉāṉ).

##### Descendants

* → Sinhalese: කෝන් (kōn)

### Etymology 3

From கோ (kō).

#### Noun

கோன் • (kōṉ)
* Sun
* Moon
* Jupiter

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “கோன்”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# விருக்ஷம்
## Tamil
### Alternative forms

* விருட்சம் (viruṭcam) — standard form

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वृक्ष (vṛkṣa), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wr̥ṭṣás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥ćšás.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋɪɾʊkʂɐm/

### Noun

விருக்ஷம் • (virukṣam) (plural விருக்ஷங்கள்)
* a tree
    Synonym: மரம் (maram)

#### Declension
### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “விருக்ஷம்”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# સંગીતા
## Gujarati
### Etymology

From Sanskrit संगीत (saṃgīta).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈsəŋ.ɡi.t̪ɑ/
* Rhymes: -ɑ
* Hyphenation: સં‧ગી‧તા

### Proper noun

સંગીતા • (saṅgītā) f
* a female given name, Sangeeta, from Sanskrit
# நீதிமான்
## Tamil
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नीतिमान् (nītimān).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /n̪iːd̪ɪmaːn/

### Noun

நீதிமான் • (nītimāṉ) (masculine)
* just, righteous man
    நீதிமான் பனையைப்போல் செழித்து, லீபனோனிலுள்ள கேதுருவைப்போல் வளருவான்.nītimāṉ paṉaiyaippōl ceḻittu, līpaṉōṉiluḷḷa kēturuvaippōl vaḷaruvāṉ.The righteous will flourish like a palm tree, they will grow like a cedar of Lebanon. (—Psalm 92:12)

#### Declension
### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “நீதிமான்”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# સ્વપ્નરહિત
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वप्नरहित (svapnarahita). By surface analysis, સ્વપ્ન (svapna) +‎ રહિત (rahit).

### Adjective

સ્વપ્નરહિત • (svapnarhit)
* dreamless
# સ્વપ્નદોષ
## Gujarati
### Etymology

From સ્વપ્ન (svapna) +‎ દોષ (doṣ).

### Noun

સ્વપ્નદોષ • (svapnadoṣ) m
* wet dream, nocturnal emission
# అర్జునము
## Telugu
### Etymology

From Sanskrit अर्जुन (arjuna, “white, clear”) +‎ -ము (-mu).

### Adjective

అర్జునము • (arjunamu)
* white
    Synonym: తెల్లని (tellani)

### Noun

అర్జునము • (arjunamu) ? (plural అర్జునములు)
* a tree called Terminalia arjuna
    Synonym: మద్ది (maddi)

### References

* అర్జునము at Telugu On-line Dictionaries Project on Andhra Bharati, partially sponsored by the Telugu Association of North America (in Telugu)
* "అర్జునము" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 83
# இந்தி
## Tamil
### Alternative forms

* ஹிந்தி (hinti)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Hindi हिन्दी (hindī).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪn̪d̪ɪ/, [ɪn̪d̪i]

### Adjective

இந்தி • (inti)
* belonging or relating to India, anything Indian
* (historical) Indian
* a kind of Indian agarwood

### Proper noun

இந்தி • (inti)
* Modern Standard Hindi: a khariboli based tongue which happens to be standardized and Sanskritized version of the Hindustani language.
* The Central Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. These are also spoken in Fiji, Guyana and as a second language by Indians in many other countries.
* (linguistics) All the lects in the Hindi Belt, which also includes lects that do not belong to the Central Zone of Indo-Aryan languages.
* (historical) A dialect spoken in Delhi, now known as Hindustani.

### Noun

இந்தி • (inti)
* a sword of Indian steel
* (figuratively) a sword-blow.

### Dictionaries

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “இந்தி”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press===

### References

* ↑ Henry Yule (1903) “Hobson-Jobson: A glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive”, in dsal.uchicago.edu‎, archived from the original on 19 December 2023
* ↑ “Meaning of Hindi in English”, in Rekhta Dictionary‎, 2023 September 12 (last accessed), archived from the original on 13 September 2023
# இந்தியா
## Tamil
### Etymology

From English India.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪn̪d̪ɪjaː/

### Proper noun

இந்தியா • (intiyā)
* India (a country in South Asia)
    Synonyms: பாரதம் (pāratam), இந்து தேசம் (intu tēcam), பரதகண்டம் (paratakaṇṭam)

#### Declension
### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “இந்தியா”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# இந்த
## Tamil
### Etymology

From Proto-Dravidian *ī (“this, here”, pronominal base).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪn̪d̪ɐ/

### Adjective

இந்த • (inta)
* this

#### Related terms

* அந்த (anta, “that”)
* எந்த (enta, “which”)

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “இந்த”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# இந்திரன்
## Tamil
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit इन्द्र (indra).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /ɪn̪d̪ɪɾɐn/

### Proper noun

இந்திரன் • (intiraṉ)
* (Hinduism) Indra
    Synonyms: தேவேந்திரன் (tēvēntiraṉ), வேந்தன் (vēntaṉ)
* the inner soul
    Synonym: அந்தரான்மா (antarāṉmā)
* Sun
    Synonym: சூரியன் (cūriyaṉ)

#### Declension
### Noun

இந்திரன் • (intiraṉ)
* prince, ruler, chief
    Synonym: தலைவன் (talaivaṉ)

#### Declension
### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “இந்திரன்”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# ఆలస్యం
## Telugu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /aːlasjam̃/

### Noun

ఆలస్యం • (ālasyaṁ) ? (plural ఆలస్యాలు)
* Alternative form of ఆలస్యము (ālasyamu)
# పూర్తి
## Telugu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit पूर्ति (pūrti).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /puːɾt̪i/

### Noun

పూర్తి • (pūrti) ? (plural పూర్తులు)
* fullness
* completion, termination, end

### Adjective

పూర్తి • (pūrti)
* filled, full, complete

### References

* "పూర్తి" in Charles Philip Brown (1903) A Telugu-English dictionary, Madras: Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 786