# toísech
## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Primitive Irish ᚈᚑᚃᚔᚄᚐᚉᚔ (tovisaci, genitive), from Proto-Celtic *towissākos (“leader”) (compare Welsh tywysog (“prince”)), from either Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”) or Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“know, see”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtoːi̯sʲəx/, [ˈtoːi̯sʲex]

### Noun

toísech m (genitive toísig, nominative plural toísig)
* leader, chief
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 63$^b$5
    Essu rubu thoisech hisuidiu[it was] Joshua who was the leader in this
* first-mentioned thing or person

#### Declension

Masculine o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | toísech | toísech$^L$ | toísig$^L$ |
| Vocative | toísig | toísech$^L$ | toísechu$^H$ |
| Accusative | toísech$^N$ | toísech$^L$ | toísechu$^H$ |
| Genitive | toísig$^L$ | toísech | toísech$^N$ |
| Dative | toísech$^L$ | toísechaib | toísechaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Descendants

* Irish: taoiseach, Taoiseach
** → English: Taoiseach
* Scottish Gaelic: tòiseach
* Manx: toshiagh

### Adjective

toísech (comparative toísigiu, superlative toísechem)
* first
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 128$^d$17
    isind salm toisechin the first psalm
* most important
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 14$^c$6
    .i. nochis honaib dib són .i. hires foirbthe 7 gnímai sainemlae .i. is hires as toisech hi-suidibthat is of these two, i.e., perfect faith and excellent deeds, i.e. it is faith that is chief among them.
* (in the comparative) sooner
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 112$^b$12
    Is déniu ad·ciam húa ṡúlib risíu ro·cloammar in fogur húa chluasaib, ut est is toísigiu ad·ciam teilciud in béla resíu ro·cloammar a guth sidi.We see more quickly with the eyes before we hear the sound with the ears, ut est we see the throwing of the axe sooner before we hear the sound of this.

#### Declension

o/ā-stem :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | toísech | toísech | toísech |
| Vocative | toísig* toísech** | toísech | toísech |
| Accusative | toísech | toísig | toísech |
| Genitive | toísig | toísige | toísig |
| Dative | toísuch | toísig | toísuch |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | Feminine/neuter |
| Nominative | toísig | toísecha | toísecha |
| Vocative | toísechu toísecha† | toísecha | toísecha |
| Accusative | toísechu toísecha† | toísecha | toísecha |
| Genitive | toísech | toísech | toísech |
| Dative | toísechaib | toísechaib | toísechaib |
| Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized |