# 琴瑟
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qínsè
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄙㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kam$^4$ sat$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khìm-sit
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khîm-sek
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qínsè
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄙㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cínsè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻin$^2$-sê$^4$
*** Yale: chín-sè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chynseh
*** Palladius: циньсэ (cinʹsɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kam$^4$ sat$^1$
*** Yale: kàhm sāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kam$^4$ sat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kem$^4$ sed$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐm²¹ sɐt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khìm-sit
*** Hakka Romanization System: kim$^ˇ$ xid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kim$^2$ xid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰim¹¹ sit̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîm-sek
*** Tâi-lô: khîm-sik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qimseg
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰim²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰim²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰim¹³⁻²² siɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰim²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰim²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: gim srit
Rime :
| Character | 琴 | 瑟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) | 櫛 (51) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 巨金切 | 所櫛切 |
| Baxter | gim | srit |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiɪm/ | /ʃɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡᵚim/ | /ʃɪt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiem/ | /ʃiet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gjim/ | /ʂit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡjəm/ | /ʃiĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭĕm/ | /ʃĭet̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /gi̯əm/ | /ʂi̯æt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qín | she |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | kam$^4$ | sat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m [s.m]ri[t]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯm smriɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 琴 | 瑟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qín | sè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gim › | ‹ srit › |
| Old Chinese | /*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/ | /*[s.m]ri[t]/ |
| English | lute | lute |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 琴 | 瑟 | 瑟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 6605 | 599 | 602 |
| Phonetic component | 今 | 必 | 必 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 質 | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 琴 | 瑟 | 瑟 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡrɯm/ | /*smriɡ/ | /*smriɡ/ |

### Noun

琴瑟
* (music) the qin and the se (traditional Chinese zither-like instruments)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Yǎotiǎoshūnǚ, qínsè yǒu zhī. [Pinyin]
    The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: With lutes, small and large, let us give her friendly welcome.
* (figurative) marital harmony

#### Derived terms

* 琴瑟不調／琴瑟不调
* 琴瑟之好
* 琴瑟和好
* 琴瑟和諧／琴瑟和谐
* 琴瑟和鳴／琴瑟和鸣 (qínsèhémíng)
* 琴瑟失調／琴瑟失调
* 琴瑟相調／琴瑟相调
* 琴瑟調和／琴瑟调和

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 琴瑟(きんしつ) (kinshitsu)
* → Korean: 금슬(琴瑟) (geumseul)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 琴 | 瑟 |
| きん Grade: S | しつ Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 琴瑟 (MC gim srit).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きんしつ [kìńshítsú] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) きんしつ [kíꜜǹshìtsù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲĩɰ̃ɕit͡sɨ]

### Noun

琴(きん)瑟(しつ) • (kinshitsu)
* (literary, music) the qin and the se (traditional Chinese zither-like instruments)
* (literary, figurative) marital harmony

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN