# 親戚
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīnqī, qīnqin
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣ ㄑㄧ, ㄑㄧㄣ ˙ㄑㄧㄣ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): can$^1$ cik$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tin$^1$ tet$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qin$^1$ qit
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhîn-chhit
    (Hailu, HRS): cin$^ˋ$ cid
    (Meixian, Guangdong): qin$^1$ qid$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): qing$^1$ qieh$^4$ / qing$^1$ qing$^{1-3}$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chĭng-chék
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhin-chhek / chhin-chhiak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cing$^1$ cêg$^4$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qin$^1$ qi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīnqī → qīnqi (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ ㄑㄧ → ㄑㄧㄣ ˙ㄑㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cinci̊
*** Wade–Giles: chʻin$^1$-chʻi$^5$
*** Yale: chīn-chi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chin.chi
*** Palladius: циньци (cinʹci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/ → /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi²/
** (Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīnqin
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ ˙ㄑㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cinci̊n
*** Wade–Giles: chʻin$^1$-chʻin$^5$
*** Yale: chīn-chin
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chin.chin
*** Palladius: циньцинь (cinʹcinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin²/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: can$^1$ cik$^1$
*** Yale: chān chīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsan$^1$ tsik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cen$^1$ qig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: tin$^1$ tet$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰin³³ tʰet̚⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qin$^1$ qit
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin⁴² t͡ɕʰit̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn-chhit
*** Hakka Romanization System: qin$^ˊ$ qid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qin$^1$ qid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin²⁴ t͡sʰit̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cin$^ˋ$ cid
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin⁵³ t͡sʰit⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: qin$^1$ qid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰit̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qing$^1$ qieh$^4$ / qing$^1$ qing$^{1-3}$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰĩŋ¹¹ t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/, /t͡ɕʰĩŋ¹¹ t͡ɕʰĩŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭng-chék
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(t͡sʰ-)}$ʒɛiʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhin-chhek
*** Tâi-lô: tshin-tshik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chinzheg
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhin-chhiak
*** Tâi-lô: tshin-tshiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chinchiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰin³³ t͡sʰiak̚⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cing$^1$ cêg$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshing tshek
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰek̚²/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: qin$^1$ qi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin³³ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tshin|tshinH tshek
Rime :
| Character | 親 | 親 | 戚 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 清 (14) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 眞 (43) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 七人切 | 七遴切 | 倉歷切 |
| Baxter | tshin | tshinH | tshek |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰiɪn/ | /t͡sʰiɪn$^H$/ | /t͡sʰek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰin/ | /t͡sʰin$^H$/ | /t͡sʰek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰjen/ | /t͡sʰjen$^H$/ | /t͡sʰɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰin/ | /t͡sʰin$^H$/ | /t͡sʰɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰiĕn/ | /t͡sʰiĕn$^H$/ | /t͡sʰek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰĭĕn/ | /t͡sʰĭĕn$^H$/ | /t͡sʰiek̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰi̯ĕn/ | /t͡sʰi̯ĕn$^H$/ | /t͡sʰiek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qīn | qìn | qi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | can$^1$ | can$^3$ | cik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]i[n] s.tʰˤiwk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰin|sʰins sʰlɯːwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 親 | 戚 | 戚 | 戚 | 戚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qīn | qī | qī | qī | qī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshin › | ‹ tshek › | ‹ tshek › | ‹ tshek › | ‹ tshek › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]i[n]/ | /*s.tʰˁiwk/ | /*s.tʰˁiwk/ | /*s.tʰˁiwk/ | /*s.tʰˁiwk/ |
| English | close; parents | (in "toad") | relatives | kind of battle axe | worried; sad; depressed |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 親 | 親 | 戚 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13804 | 13806 | 11729 |
| Phonetic component | 辛 | 辛 | 尗 |
| Rime group | 眞 | 眞 | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 親 | 親 | 戚 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰin/ | /*sʰins/ | /*sʰlɯːwɢ/ |
| Notes | 說文親（同榛）聲 | | |

### Noun

親戚
* relative; family relation
       Wǒmen yāoqǐng le suǒyǒu de qīnqī lái cānjiā hūnlǐ. [Pinyin]
       We invited all our relatives to the wedding.
* (Classical) immediate family (one's mother, father and siblings)

#### Synonyms

* (relative):
* 六親／六亲 (liùqīn)
* 室 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 家人 (jiārén)
* 家室 (jiāshì)
* 家屬／家属 (jiāshǔ)
* 家庭成員／家庭成员 (jiātíng chéngyuán)
* 家裡人／家里人 (jiālǐrén)
* 屋下人 (Hakka)
* 屋企人 (uk$^1$ kei$^2$ jan$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 親人／亲人 (qīnrén)
* 親屬／亲属 (qīnshǔ)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 親戚, 親親, 親眷 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 親戚, 親屬, 親眷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 親戚, 親親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 親戚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 親戚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 親戚, 親親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 親戚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 親戚, 親親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 親戚, 親親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 親戚 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 親親, 戚 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 親戚, 親親 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 親戚 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 親戚, 親親 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 親戚 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 親親, 親戚 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 親戚 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 親戚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 親戚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 親戚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 親親 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 親戚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 親親, 親戚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 親戚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 親親, 親戚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 親親, 親戚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 親親 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 親親 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 親戚, 親親 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 親戚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 親戚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 親戚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 親戚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 親戚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 親戚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 親戚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 親戚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 親眷, 親戚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 親眷, 親故六眷, 親兒眷兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 親眷, 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 親戚 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 親戚 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 親戚 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 親戚 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Zengcheng (Zhengguo) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 親情 |
| Hakka | Changting | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 親戚 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 親戚 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 親眷 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 親眷, 親眷戚 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 親戚 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 親戚, 親親 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 親戚 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 親戚 |
| Jin | Linhe | 親親 |
| Jin | Jining | 親戚, 親親 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 親親 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 親戚, 親親 |
| Jin | Handan | 親戚, 親親 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 親情 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 親情 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 親戚 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 親戚 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 親戚 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 親眷 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 親戚 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 親戚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 親戚, 親情 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 親戚 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 親情 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 親情, 親情母儂 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 親情, 親戚 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 親情 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 親戚 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 親戚 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 親戚 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 親戚 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 親戚 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 親戚 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 親戚 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 親眷 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 親眷 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 親眷 |
| Wu | Danyang | 親眷 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 親眷 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 親眷 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 親眷 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 親戚 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 親戚 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 親戚, 親戚第裡 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 親戚 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 親戚 |

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 親戚(しんせき) (shinseki)
* → Korean: 친척(親戚) (chincheok)
* → Vietnamese: thân thích (親戚)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 親 | 戚 |
| しん Grade: 2 | せき Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

親(しん)戚(せき) • (shinseki)
* relative
    いやな親戚(しんせき)が来(く)る。
       Iya na shinseki ga kuru.
       Noisome relatives are coming.

#### See also

* 家族(かぞく) (kazoku, “family”)
* 近親(きんしん) (kinshin, “close relative”)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 親 | 戚 |

### Noun

親戚 • (chincheok) (hangeul 친척)
* hanja form of 친척 (“kinsmen”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 親 | 戚 |

### Noun

親戚
* chữ Hán form of thân thích (“relatives”).