# विशेषण
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit विशेषण (viśeṣaṇa).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʋɪ.ʃeː.ʂəɳ/, [ʋɪ.ʃeː.ʃɐ̃ɳ]

### Adjective

विशेषण • (viśeṣaṇ) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling وشيشن) (rare, formal)
* distinguishing, discriminative, specifying, qualifying

### Noun

विशेषण • (viśeṣaṇ) m (Urdu spelling وشيشن)
* the act of distinguishing, distinction, discrimination, particularisation
* a distinguishing mark or attribute
* (grammar) an adjective
* a species, kind

#### Related terms

* क्रियाविशेषण (kriyāviśeṣaṇ, “adverb”)

### Further reading

* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “विशेषण”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “विशेषण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Platts, John T. (1884) “विशेषण”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit विशेषण (viśeṣaṇa).

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ʋi.ɕe.ʂəɳ/

### Noun

विशेषण • (viśeṣaṇ) n
* (grammar) adjective

#### Declension
### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “विशेषण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ৱিশেষণ (Assamese script)
* ᬯᬶᬰᬾᬱᬡ (Balinese script)
* বিশেষণ (Bengali script)
* 𑰪𑰰𑰫𑰸𑰬𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀯𑀺𑀰𑁂𑀱𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* ဝိၐေၑဏ (Burmese script)
* વિશેષણ (Gujarati script)
* ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌵𑌿𑌶𑍇𑌷𑌣 (Grantha script)
* ꦮꦶꦯꦺꦰꦟ (Javanese script)
* 𑂫𑂱𑂬𑂵𑂭𑂝 (Kaithi script)
* ವಿಶೇಷಣ (Kannada script)
* វិឝេឞណ (Khmer script)
* ວິເຨຩຓ (Lao script)
* വിശേഷണ (Malayalam script)
* ᠸᡳᡧᡝᢢᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘪𑘱𑘫𑘹𑘬𑘜 (Modi script)
* ᠸᠢᠱᠧᢔᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧊𑧒𑧋𑧚𑧌𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐰𑐶𑐱𑐾𑐲𑐞 (Newa script)
* ଵିଶେଷଣ (Odia script)
* ꢮꢶꢯꢾꢰꢠ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆮𑆴𑆯𑆼𑆰𑆟 (Sharada script)
* 𑖪𑖰𑖫𑖸𑖬𑖜 (Siddham script)
* විශෙෂණ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩾𑩑𑩿𑩔𑪀𑩪 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚦𑚮𑚧𑚲𑚘 (Takri script)
* விஶேஷண (Tamil script)
* విశేషణ (Telugu script)
* วิเศษณ (Thai script)
* ཝི་ཤེ་ཥ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒫𑒱𑒬𑒹𑒭𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨭𑨁𑨮𑨄𑨯𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From वि- (vi-) +‎ शिष् (śiṣ, root) +‎ -अन (-ana).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ʋi.ɕɐj.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ʋiˈɕeː.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/

### Adjective

विशेषण • (viśeṣaṇa) stem
* distinguishing, discriminative, specifying, qualifying
* distinctive (as a property)

#### Declension
### Noun

विशेषण • (viśeṣaṇa) stem, n
* the act of distinguishing, distinction, discrimination, particularisation
* a distinguishing mark or attribute; a difference
** c. 150 CE – 250 CE, Nāgārjuna, Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 25.19:न संसारस्य निर्वाणात् किंचिद् अस्ति विशेषणम् । न निर्वाणस्य संसारात् किंचिद् अस्ति विशेषणम् ॥na saṃsārasya nirvāṇāt kiṃcid asti viśeṣaṇam. na nirvāṇasya saṃsārāt kiṃcid asti viśeṣaṇam.Not a bit about samsara is the difference from nirvana. Not a bit about nirvana is the difference from samsara.
* (grammar) a word which particularises or defines; an adjective
* a species, kind
* surpassing, excelling
* (rhetoric) a figure of speech in which the excellence of a thing is implied by comparing it to some highly prized object

#### Descendants

* Pali: visesana
* → Hindustani: (learned)
    Hindi: विशेषण (viśeṣaṇ)
    Urdu: وشیشن (viśeṣaṇ)
* → Punjabi: ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ (viśeśaṇ)

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “विशेषण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 991, column 1.
* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “विशेषण”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan