# 導郎
## Chinese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Malay tolong, from Classical Malay tolong, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuluŋ (“to help, to assist”).

### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tō-long / tō͘-lông / tǒ-lông
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Penang, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō-long
*** Tâi-lô: tō-long
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doixlofng
*** IPA (Singapore): /to²²⁻²¹ lɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Penang): /to²¹ lɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Penang, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘-lông
*** Tâi-lô: tōo-lông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doxloong
*** IPA (Penang): /tɔ²¹ lɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Singapore): /tɔ²²⁻²¹ lɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒ-lông
*** Tâi-lô: tǒ-lông
*** IPA (Jinjiang): /to³³⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “also Teochew?”

### Adverb

導郎
* (Indonesian, Singapore and Malaysian Hokkien) please
** 1950s, “牛老四”‎performed by 張老三, 馬標唱片 [Horse Record]:
       aa$^1$ ngau$^4$ lou$^5$ sei$^3$, ngo$^5$ do$^3$ long$^2$ nei$^5$ ng$^5$ sap$^6$ pei$^{4-2}$ laa$^1$ [Jyutping]
       (please add an English translation of this usage example)
** 2020, 南华潮剧社 Nam Hwa Opera, 1h58m30s from the start, in 苏六娘 The Tale Of Su Liu Niang‎:
       "Please don't do this, I beg you!"

### Verb

導郎
* (Indonesia Hokkien, Singapore, Malaysian and Jinjiang Hokkien) to help; to assist

#### Synonyms

* 佐理 (zuǒlǐ) (literary, with a task)
* 使勁／使劲 (shǐjìn)
* 加勢／加势 (jiāshì)
* 助 (zhù)
* 助力 (zhùlì)
* 助理 (zhùlǐ)
* 助益 (zhùyì) (literary)
* 匡助 (kuāngzhù) (literary)
* 協助／协助 (xiézhù)
* 參佐／参佐 (cānzuǒ) (literary)
* 增援 (zēngyuán, “to provide reinforcements”)
* 幫／帮 (bāng)
* 幫助／帮助 (bāngzhù)
* 幫同／帮同 (bāngtóng) (literary)
* 幫寸／帮寸 (bāngcùn)
* 幫帶／帮带 (bāngdài)
* 幫忙／帮忙 (bāngmáng)
* 幫手／帮手 (bong$^1$ sau$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 幫扶／帮扶 (bāngfú)
* 幫襯／帮衬 (bāngchèn)
* 幫贈／帮赠 (Hokkien)
* 扶
* 扶助 (fúzhù)
* 扶持 (fúchí)
* 扶掖 (fúyè) (formal)
* 拉巴 (dialectal)
* 挺 (tǐng)
* 援助 (yuánzhù)
* 𢯭手 (Hakka)
* 支助 (zhīzhù) (literary)
* 支持 (zhīchí)
* 支援 (zhīyuán)
* 救 (jiù)
* 相幫／相帮 (xiāngbāng) (dialectal)
* 相輔／相辅 (Teochew)
* 翼 (yì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 聲援／声援 (shēngyuán, “to express support for”)
* 臂助 (bìzhù) (literary)
* 補益／补益 (bǔyì)
* 補臺／补台 (bǔtái) (mainland China)
* 贈力／赠力 (Hokkien)
* 贈助／赠助 (Hokkien)
* 贊喙／赞喙 (“to express support for”) (Hokkien)
* 贈手／赠手 (Hokkien)
* 贊聲／赞声 (“to express support for”) (Hokkien)
* 輔助／辅助 (fǔzhù)
* 陪 (péi) (literary, or in compounds)
* 鬥幫贈／斗帮赠 (Hokkien)
* 鬥相共／斗相共 (Hokkien)
* 鬥跤手／斗跤手 (Hokkien)
* 鬥跤搭／斗跤搭 (Hokkien)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 幫忙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 幫忙兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 幫忙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 幫忙 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 幫忙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 幫忙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 幫忙 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 幫忙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 幫忙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 幫手 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 幫手 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 幫手 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 幫手 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 幫手 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 幫手 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 幫手 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 幫手 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 幫手 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 幫忙 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 幫忙 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 𢯭手, 幫忙, 幫手, 扛幫 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 𢯭手 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 𢯭手 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 𢯭手 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 𢯭手 |
| Hakka | Changting | 𢯭手 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 幹𢯭 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 𢯭手 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 𢯭手 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 𢯭手 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 幫手 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 幫手 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 𢯭手 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 𢯭手 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 𢯭手 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 𢯭手 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 𢯭手 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鬥相共, 𢯭手 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 幫忙 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 打幫, 相幫 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 幫襯 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 對手 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 對手 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鬥相共, 鬥跤手 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鬥相共, 鬥跤手, 鬥跤搭 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鬥相共, 鬥跤手 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 幫忙 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 鬥相共 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 鬥相共 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 鬥跤手 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 鬥相共 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 鬥相共 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 鬥相共, 鬥跤手 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 幫助 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鬥相共, 鬥跤手 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 鬥跤手 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 鬥相共, 鬥跤手 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 鬥相共 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 鬥相共, 鬥跤手, 幫忙, 鬥相贊 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鬥跤手, 幫忙 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 鬥跤手, 幫忙, 鬥相共 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鬥相共, 鬥, 幫助, 幫贈 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 相輔 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 相輔, 幫忙 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 相輔 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 相輔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 相輔 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 相輔 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 幫跤接手 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 幫跤手 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 幫跤手, 幫忙 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 幫手 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 幫忙, 相幫, 幫襯 dated |
| Xiang | Loudi | 幫忙 |

### References

* ↑ Salmon, Claudine (2009) “Malay (and Javanese) Loan-words in Chinese as a Mirror of Cultural Exchanges”, in Archipel‎, volume 78, number 1, pages 181–208