# 履行
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lǚxíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lei$^5$ hang$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lí-hêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): li$^2$ gian$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǚxíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lyǔsíng
*** Wade–Giles: lü$^3$-hsing$^2$
*** Yale: lyǔ-syíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leushyng
*** Palladius: люйсин (ljujsin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$履行 旅行
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lei$^5$ hang$^4$
*** Yale: léih hàhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lei$^5$ hang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: léi$^5$ heng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lei̯¹³ hɐŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí-hêng
*** Tâi-lô: lí-hîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ly'heeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: li$^2$ gian$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lí kiâⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵²⁻³⁵ kĩã⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: lijX haeng
Rime :
| Character | 履 | 行 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | II |
| Fanqie | 力几切 | 戸庚切 |
| Baxter | lijX | haeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liɪ$^X$/ | /ɦˠæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /li$^X$/ | /ɦᵚaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljɪ$^X$/ | /ɣaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /li$^X$/ | /ɦaɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /li$^X$/ | /ɣɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /li$^X$/ | /ɣɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /li$^X$/ | /ɣɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lǐ | héng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lei$^5$ | hang$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ijʔ Cə.[ɡ]ˤraŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*riʔ ɡraːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 履 | 行 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lǚ | xíng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lij$^X$ › | ‹ hæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ijʔ/ | /*Cə.[ɡ]ˁraŋ/ |
| English | tread on; sandal | walk (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 履 | 行 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/4 |
| No. | 8603 | 13867 |
| Phonetic component | 履 | 行 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 履 | 行 |
| Old Chinese | /*riʔ/ | /*ɡraːŋ/ |
| Notes | 說文一曰屍聲， 甲文爲眉聲 | |

### Verb

履行
* to fulfill (one's promise); to perform (one's duty, a contract, etc.); to carry out
    履行承諾／履行承诺 ― lǚxíng chéngnuò ― to fulfill a promise
    履行公務／履行公务 ― lǚxíng gōngwù ― to perform official duties
* (Classical) to walk
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Shéi néng lǚxíng xuě zhōng, lìng rén shì zhī, qí shàng lǚ yě, qí lǚ xià chù nǎi sì rén zú zhě hū? [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* (to carry out):
* 來到／来到 (láidào)
* 執行／执行 (zhíxíng)
* 奉行 (fèngxíng)
* 實施／实施 (shíshī)
* 實現／实现 (shíxiàn)
* 實行／实行 (shíxíng)
* 實踐／实践 (shíjiàn)
* 採取／采取 (cǎiqǔ)
* 推行 (tuīxíng)
* 操作 (cāozuò)
* 啟動／启动 (qǐdòng)
* 施
* 施行 (shīxíng)
* 施設／施设 (shīshè) (literary)
* 服行 (fúxíng) (literary)
* 落地 (figurative)
* 落實／落实 (luòshí)
* 貫徹／贯彻 (guànchè)
* 踐行／践行 (jiànxíng) (literary)
* (to walk):
* 串 (literary, or in compounds)
* 徒步 (túbù)
* 步 (bù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 步履 (bùlǚ) (literary)
* 步行 (bùxíng)
* 步趨／步趋 (bùqū)
* 步輦／步辇 (Hokkien)
* 行動／行动 (xíngdòng)
* 行步 (xíngbù) (literary)
* 行走 (xíngzǒu)
* 走動／走动 (zǒudòng)
* 走路 (zǒulù)
* 走道 (zǒudào)

#### Derived terms

* 履行地 (lǚxíngdì)

### Noun

履行
* (Classical) moral conduct; behaviour

#### Synonyms

* 人品 (rénpǐn)
* 人格 (réngé)
* 品德 (pǐndé)
* 品性 (pǐnxìng)
* 品格 (pǐngé)
* 品行 (pǐnxíng)
* 品質／品质 (pǐnzhì)
* 持守 (chíshǒu) (literary)
* 操守 (cāoshǒu)
* 操持 (cāochí)
* 操行 (cāoxíng) (usually of a student at school)
* 行止 (xíngzhǐ) (literary)
* 誠信／诚信 (chéngxìn)
* 質地／质地 (zhìdì)
* 骨 (figurative)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 履 | 行 |
| り Grade: S | こう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) りこー [rìkóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɾʲiko̞ː]

### Noun

履(り)行(こう) • (rikō)
* execution, fulfillment, implementation

### Verb

履(り)行(こう)する • (rikō suru) transitive suru (stem 履(り)行(こう)し (rikō shi), past 履(り)行(こう)した (rikō shita))
* carry out, execute, fulfill, keep
** 1905, 夏目漱石, 吾輩は猫である:
    「約束(やくそく)なんか履行(りこう)した事(こと)がない。
       “Yakusoku nanka rikō shita koto ga nai.
       He's never kept any of his promises.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 履行し | りこうし | rikō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 履行し | りこうし | rikō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 履行する | りこうする | rikō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 履行する | りこうする | rikō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 履行すれ | りこうすれ | rikō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 履行せよ¹ 履行しろ² | りこうせよ¹ りこうしろ² | rikō seyo¹ rikō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 履行される | りこうされる | rikō sareru |
| Causative | 履行させる 履行さす | りこうさせる りこうさす | rikō saseru rikō sasu |
| Potential | 履行できる | りこうできる | rikō dekiru |
| Volitional | 履行しよう | りこうしよう | rikō shiyō |
| Negative | 履行しない | りこうしない | rikō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 履行せず | りこうせず | rikō sezu |
| Formal | 履行します | りこうします | rikō shimasu |
| Perfective | 履行した | りこうした | rikō shita |
| Conjunctive | 履行して | りこうして | rikō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 履行すれば | りこうすれば | rikō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 履 | 行 |

### Noun

履行 • (ihaeng) (hangeul 이행)
* hanja form of 이행 (“implementation”)