# 碾

| 碾 | U+78BE, &#30910; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78BE |
| ← 碽 [U+78BD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 碿 → [U+78BF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

碾 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一口尸廿女 (MRSTV), four-corner 1763$_2$, composition ⿰石展)
* roller, crush
* roll

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 834, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24370
* Dae Jaweon: page 1251, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2450, character 5
* Unihan data for U+78BE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 碾 | *ndenʔ, *ndens |
| 輾 | *ndens, *tenʔ |
| 展 | *tenʔ, *tens |
| 搌 | *tenʔ, *tens, *tʰenʔ |
Alternative form of 輾／辗 (niǎn), using 石 as semantic part instead of 車.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nja-s ~ *s-njan (“to punish; to oppress; to coerce”) (STEDT). Related to 蹍 (“to trample”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): niǎn (nian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zin$^2$ / nin$^5$ / nin$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lián / lún
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$gni
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: niǎn
*** Wade–Giles: nien$^3$
*** Yale: nyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nean
*** Palladius: нянь (njanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zin$^2$ / nin$^5$ / nin$^6$
*** Yale: jín / níhn / nihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzin$^2$ / nin$^5$ / nin$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jin$^2$ / nin$^5$ / nin$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːn³⁵/, /niːn¹³/, /niːn²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lián / lún
*** Tâi-lô: lián / lún
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liern, luon
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɛn⁵³/, /lun⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛn⁵⁵⁴/, /lun⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛn⁵³/, /lun⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɛn⁵³/, /lun⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn⁴¹/, /lun⁴¹/
* lián - literary;
* lún - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: nrjenH
Rime :
| Character | 碾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (79) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 女箭切 |
| Baxter | nrjenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳˠiᴇn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳᵚiɛn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /niæn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳian$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /njɛn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /nĭɛn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ni̯ɛn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | niàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nin$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ndenʔ/, /*ndens/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 碾 | 碾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 16779 | 16780 |
| Phonetic component | 展 | 展 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 趁 | 輾 |
| Old Chinese | /*ndenʔ/ | /*ndens/ |
| Notes | 輾分化字 | 輾轉註見通俗文 |

### Definitions

碾
* roller
* to grind; to crush

#### Synonyms

* (to crush): 軋／轧 (yà)

### Compounds

* 步碾兒／步碾儿
* 碾坊
* 碾壓／碾压 (niǎnyā)
* 碾子 (niǎnzi)
* 碾屋 (Niǎnwū)
* 碾房
* 碾橋／碾桥 (Niǎnqiáo)
* 碾盤／碾盘
* 碾砣 (niǎntuó)
* 碾米 (niǎnmǐ)
* 碾船
* 茶碾子

### References

* “碾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): てん (ten)、でん (den)
* Kun: うす (usu)、ひく (hiku)

## Korean
### Hanja

碾 • (nyeon>yeon) (hangeul 년>연, revised nyeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer nyŏn>yŏn, Yale nyen>yen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.