# προλέγω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From προ- (pro-, “before”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to say”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pro.lé.ɡɔː/ → /proˈle.ɣo/ → /proˈle.ɣo/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pro.lé.ɡɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /proˈle.ɡo/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /proˈle.ɣo/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /proˈle.ɣo/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /proˈle.ɣo/

### Verb

προλέγω • (prolégō)
* to pick out, choose (before others), prefer
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.689:Ἀθηναίων προλελεγμένοιAthēnaíōn prolelegménoi
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 2.18, (may be in the sense “proclaim”):ὅσσα δ᾽ ἀμφ̓ ἀέθλοις, Τιμοδημίδαι ἐξοχώτατοι προλέγονται
** 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 13.18:ἀριστῆες πασᾶν ἐκ πολίων προλελεγμένοιaristêes pasân ek políōn prolelegménoi
* to foretell, announce beforehand, predict
    Synonyms: ᾰ̓πομᾰντεύομαι (apomanteúomai), θεσπίζω (thespízō), μᾰντεύομαι (manteúomai), προᾰγορεύω (proagoreúō), προεῖπον (proeîpon), προθεσπίζω (prothespízō), προμᾰντεύομαι (promanteúomai), προσημαίνω (prosēmaínō), προφαίνω (prophaínō), προφωνέω (prophōnéō)
** 620 BCE – 500 BCE, Alcaeus of Mytilene, Supplementary Fragments 22.7, (Aeolic aorist participle):προλέξαιςproléxais
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.53, (and 8.136; of an oracle)
** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 1071, (anapaest; compare Sophocles, Oedipus the King 973):μέμνησθ᾽ ἁγὼ προλέγω
** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Prognostics 15, (varia lectio, of a physician):πρ. πρόρρησινpr. prórrhēsin
** 399 BCE, Plato, Euthyphro 3c, (compare Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 298):τὰ μέλλονταtà méllonta
** 55 CE – 56 CE, Paul the Apostle, Second Epistle to the Corinthians 13:2:προείρηκα καὶ προλέγω, ὡς παρὼν τὸ δεύτερον, καὶ ἀπὼν νῦν γράφω τοῖς προημαρτηκόσι καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς πᾶσιν, ὅτι ἐὰν ἔλθω εἰς τὸ πάλιν οὐ φείσομαι·proeírēka kaì prolégō, hōs parṑn tò deúteron, kaì apṑn nûn gráphō toîs proēmartēkósi kaì toîs loipoîs pâsin, hóti eàn élthō eis tò pálin ou pheísomai;
** New Testament, Epistle to the Galatians 5:21:φθόνοι, φόνοι, μέθαι, κῶμοι, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια τούτοις· ἃ προλέγω ὑμῖν καθὼς καὶ προεῖπον, ὅτι οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντες βασιλείαν Θεοῦ οὐ κληρονομήσουσιν.phthónoi, phónoi, méthai, kômoi, kaì tà hómoia toútois; hà prolégō humîn kathṑs kaì proeîpon, hóti hoi tà toiaûta prássontes basileían Theoû ou klēronomḗsousin.
** New Testament, First Epistle to the Thessalonians 3:4:καὶ γὰρ ὅτε πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἦμεν, προελέγομεν ὑμῖν ὅτι μέλλομεν θλίβεσθαι, καθὼς καὶ ἐγένετο καὶ οἴδατε.kaì gàr hóte pròs humâs êmen, proelégomen humîn hóti méllomen thlíbesthai, kathṑs kaì egéneto kaì oídate.
** to say beforehand, say afore
    Synonym: προᾰγορεύω (proagoreúō)
*** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 337a, (compare Hyperides, In Defence of Lycophron 7 and his own Euthydemus 275e):ταῦτα, ὅτι…taûta, hóti…
*** 350 BCE – 280 BCE, Demetrius of Phalerum, On Style 89:ὡς προλέλεκταιhōs prolélektaias was said above
*** C.E. 6th century, Jean Maspéro, Papyrus grecs d’époque byzantine in Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire I–III (№ 67001–‌№ 67359, 1911–‌1916) 32.63:ὁ προλεχθείςho prolekhtheísthe aforesaid
* to state publicly, proclaim, announce
    Synonyms: ᾰ̓νᾰγορεύω (anagoreúō), ᾰ̓νᾰκηρῠ́σσω (anakērússō), ᾰ̓νεῖπον (aneîpon), γεγωνέω (gegōnéō), γεγωνίσκω (gegōnískō), ἐκβάζω (ekbázō), ἐκκηρῠ́σσω (ekkērússō), ἐκφέρω (ekphérō), θροέω (throéō), κηρῠ́σσω (kērússō), πῐφαύσκω (piphaúskō), προᾰγορεύω (proagoreúō), προεῖπον (proeîpon), προκηρῠ́σσω (prokērússō), προσημαίνω (prosēmaínō), προὐννέπω (prounnépō), προφωνέω (prophōnéō)
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.139:προὔλεγον τὸ ψήφισμα καθελοῦσι μὴ ἂν γίγνεσθαι πόλεμονproúlegon tò psḗphisma katheloûsi mḕ àn gígnesthai pólemon
** Foed.Delph.Pell. 1A.5, (compare Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones Selectae 437.76: Pergamon, 1st century B.C.E.):προλεγέτω ἁ ἀρχάprolegétō ha arkhá
** 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 336, (with accusative and infinitive, lyric poetry)
** 396 BCE – 323 BCE, Lycurgus of Athens, Collected Works 4, (with accusative):ὁ νόμος πέφυκε προλέγειν ἃ μὴ δεῖ πράττεινho nómos péphuke prolégein hà mḕ deî práttein
** 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 13.3.5:πολέμους ἀλλήλοιςpolémous allḗlois
* to order (someone) to (do something); caution, warn
    Synonym: προᾰγορεύω (proagoreúō)
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.7.3, (compare Dinarchus, Collected Works 1.71):πρ. τινὶ ἀπιέναιpr. tinì apiénaiorder him to…
** 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 897.9, (anapaest):πρ. τινὶ μὴ φεύγεινpr. tinì mḕ pheúgein
** 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 4.2.4:πρ. τινί, εἰ θεραπεύσοιτο, ὅτι διαφθαρήσοιτοpr. tiní, ei therapeúsoito, hóti diaphtharḗsoito
** 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 5.57.2:ὡς οὐ…hōs ou…
* to denounce (punishment)
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Timocrates 60:πρ. δεσμόν τινιpr. desmón tini

#### Quotations

* 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Isaiah 41.26:τίς γάρ ἀναγγελεῖ τὰ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ἵνα γνῶμεν, καὶ τὰ ἔμπροσθεν, καὶ ἐροῦμεν ὅτι ἀληθῆ ἐστιν; οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ προλέγων οὐδὲ ὁ ἀκούων ὑμῶν τοὺς λόγους.tís gár anangeleî tà ex arkhês, hína gnômen, kaì tà émprosthen, kaì eroûmen hóti alēthê estin? ouk éstin ho prolégōn oudè ho akoúōn humôn toùs lógous.

#### Derived terms

* προλεγόμεναι (prolegómenai)
* προλεγομένη (prolegoménē)

#### Related terms

* πρόλογος (prólogos)

### Further reading

* “προλέγω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “προλέγω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “προλέγω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “προλέγω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* προλέγω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* “προλέγω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G4302 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. forebode idem, page 336.forecast idem, page 336.foretell idem, page 337.predict idem, page 634.proclaim idem, page 644.prognosticate idem, page 653.prophesy idem, page 653.say idem, page 736.warn idem, page 964.