# qhuma
## Xhosa
### Verb

-qhuma
* to emit smoke

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǃʰuːma/

### Verb

-qhuma
* (intransitive) to burst, to explode, to pop

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuqhuma |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqhuma | ukungaqhumi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qhuma | -qhume |
| Plural | qhumani | -qhumeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqhuma, ngiqhuma | engiqhumayo, engiqhuma | ngiqhuma | angiqhumi | engingaqhumi | ngingaqhumi |
| 2nd singular | uyaqhuma, uqhuma | oqhumayo, oqhuma | uqhuma | awuqhumi | ongaqhumi | ungaqhumi |
| 1st plural | siyaqhuma, siqhuma | esiqhumayo, esiqhuma | siqhuma | asiqhumi | esingaqhumi | singaqhumi |
| 2nd plural | niyaqhuma, niqhuma | eniqhumayo, eniqhuma | niqhuma | aniqhumi | eningaqhumi | ningaqhumi |
| Class 1 | uyaqhuma, uqhuma | oqhumayo, oqhuma | eqhuma | akaqhumi | ongaqhumi | engaqhumi |
| Class 2 | bayaqhuma, baqhuma | abaqhumayo, abaqhuma | beqhuma | abaqhumi | abangaqhumi | bengaqhumi |
| Class 3 | uyaqhuma, uqhuma | oqhumayo, oqhuma | uqhuma | awuqhumi | ongaqhumi | ungaqhumi |
| Class 4 | iyaqhuma, iqhuma | eqhumayo, eqhuma | iqhuma | ayiqhumi | engaqhumi | ingaqhumi |
| Class 5 | liyaqhuma, liqhuma | eliqhumayo, eliqhuma | liqhuma | aliqhumi | elingaqhumi | lingaqhumi |
| Class 6 | ayaqhuma, aqhuma | aqhumayo, aqhuma | eqhuma | awaqhumi | angaqhumi | engaqhumi |
| Class 7 | siyaqhuma, siqhuma | esiqhumayo, esiqhuma | siqhuma | asiqhumi | esingaqhumi | singaqhumi |
| Class 8 | ziyaqhuma, ziqhuma | eziqhumayo, eziqhuma | ziqhuma | aziqhumi | ezingaqhumi | zingaqhumi |
| Class 9 | iyaqhuma, iqhuma | eqhumayo, eqhuma | iqhuma | ayiqhumi | engaqhumi | ingaqhumi |
| Class 10 | ziyaqhuma, ziqhuma | eziqhumayo, eziqhuma | ziqhuma | aziqhumi | ezingaqhumi | zingaqhumi |
| Class 11 | luyaqhuma, luqhuma | oluqhumayo, oluqhuma | luqhuma | aluqhumi | olungaqhumi | lungaqhumi |
| Class 14 | buyaqhuma, buqhuma | obuqhumayo, obuqhuma | buqhuma | abuqhumi | obungaqhumi | bungaqhumi |
| Class 15 | kuyaqhuma, kuqhuma | okuqhumayo, okuqhuma | kuqhuma | akuqhumi | okungaqhumi | kungaqhumi |
| Class 17 | kuyaqhuma, kuqhuma | okuqhumayo, okuqhuma | kuqhuma | akuqhumi | okungaqhumi | kungaqhumi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqhumile, ngiqhumē | engiqhumile, engiqhumē | ngiqhumile, ngiqhumē | angiqhumanga | engingaqhumanga | ngingaqhumanga |
| 2nd singular | uqhumile, uqhumē | oqhumile, oqhumē | uqhumile, uqhumē | awuqhumanga | ongaqhumanga | ungaqhumanga |
| 1st plural | siqhumile, siqhumē | esiqhumile, esiqhumē | siqhumile, siqhumē | asiqhumanga | esingaqhumanga | singaqhumanga |
| 2nd plural | niqhumile, niqhumē | eniqhumile, eniqhumē | niqhumile, niqhumē | aniqhumanga | eningaqhumanga | ningaqhumanga |
| Class 1 | uqhumile, uqhumē | oqhumile, oqhumē | eqhumile, eqhumē | akaqhumanga | ongaqhumanga | engaqhumanga |
| Class 2 | baqhumile, baqhumē | abaqhumile, abaqhumē | beqhumile, beqhumē | abaqhumanga | abangaqhumanga | bengaqhumanga |
| Class 3 | uqhumile, uqhumē | oqhumile, oqhumē | uqhumile, uqhumē | awuqhumanga | ongaqhumanga | ungaqhumanga |
| Class 4 | iqhumile, iqhumē | eqhumile, eqhumē | iqhumile, iqhumē | ayiqhumanga | engaqhumanga | ingaqhumanga |
| Class 5 | liqhumile, liqhumē | eliqhumile, eliqhumē | liqhumile, liqhumē | aliqhumanga | elingaqhumanga | lingaqhumanga |
| Class 6 | aqhumile, aqhumē | aqhumile, aqhumē | eqhumile, eqhumē | awaqhumanga | angaqhumanga | engaqhumanga |
| Class 7 | siqhumile, siqhumē | esiqhumile, esiqhumē | siqhumile, siqhumē | asiqhumanga | esingaqhumanga | singaqhumanga |
| Class 8 | ziqhumile, ziqhumē | eziqhumile, eziqhumē | ziqhumile, ziqhumē | aziqhumanga | ezingaqhumanga | zingaqhumanga |
| Class 9 | iqhumile, iqhumē | eqhumile, eqhumē | iqhumile, iqhumē | ayiqhumanga | engaqhumanga | ingaqhumanga |
| Class 10 | ziqhumile, ziqhumē | eziqhumile, eziqhumē | ziqhumile, ziqhumē | aziqhumanga | ezingaqhumanga | zingaqhumanga |
| Class 11 | luqhumile, luqhumē | oluqhumile, oluqhumē | luqhumile, luqhumē | aluqhumanga | olungaqhumanga | lungaqhumanga |
| Class 14 | buqhumile, buqhumē | obuqhumile, obuqhumē | buqhumile, buqhumē | abuqhumanga | obungaqhumanga | bungaqhumanga |
| Class 15 | kuqhumile, kuqhumē | okuqhumile, okuqhumē | kuqhumile, kuqhumē | akuqhumanga | okungaqhumanga | kungaqhumanga |
| Class 17 | kuqhumile, kuqhumē | okuqhumile, okuqhumē | kuqhumile, kuqhumē | akuqhumanga | okungaqhumanga | kungaqhumanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqhuma | engāqhuma | ngāqhuma | angiqhumanga | engingaqhumanga | ngingaqhumanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqhuma | owāqhuma | wāqhuma | awuqhumanga | ongaqhumanga | ungaqhumanga |
| 1st plural | sāqhuma | esāqhuma | sāqhuma | asiqhumanga | esingaqhumanga | singaqhumanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqhuma | enāqhuma | nāqhuma | aniqhumanga | eningaqhumanga | ningaqhumanga |
| Class 1 | wāqhuma | owāqhuma | āqhuma | akaqhumanga | ongaqhumanga | engaqhumanga |
| Class 2 | bāqhuma | abāqhuma | bāqhuma | abaqhumanga | abangaqhumanga | bengaqhumanga |
| Class 3 | wāqhuma | owāqhuma | wāqhuma | awuqhumanga | ongaqhumanga | ungaqhumanga |
| Class 4 | yāqhuma | eyāqhuma | yāqhuma | ayiqhumanga | engaqhumanga | ingaqhumanga |
| Class 5 | lāqhuma | elāqhuma | lāqhuma | aliqhumanga | elingaqhumanga | lingaqhumanga |
| Class 6 | āqhuma | āqhuma | āqhuma | awaqhumanga | angaqhumanga | engaqhumanga |
| Class 7 | sāqhuma | esāqhuma | sāqhuma | asiqhumanga | esingaqhumanga | singaqhumanga |
| Class 8 | zāqhuma | ezāqhuma | zāqhuma | aziqhumanga | ezingaqhumanga | zingaqhumanga |
| Class 9 | yāqhuma | eyāqhuma | yāqhuma | ayiqhumanga | engaqhumanga | ingaqhumanga |
| Class 10 | zāqhuma | ezāqhuma | zāqhuma | aziqhumanga | ezingaqhumanga | zingaqhumanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqhuma | olwāqhuma | lwāqhuma | aluqhumanga | olungaqhumanga | lungaqhumanga |
| Class 14 | bāqhuma | obāqhuma | bāqhuma | abuqhumanga | obungaqhumanga | bungaqhumanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqhuma | okwāqhuma | kwāqhuma | akuqhumanga | okungaqhumanga | kungaqhumanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqhuma | okwāqhuma | kwāqhuma | akuqhumanga | okungaqhumanga | kungaqhumanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqhuma | — | ngingaqhuma | ngingeqhume | — | ngingeqhume |
| 2nd singular | ungaqhuma | — | ungaqhuma | ungeqhume | — | ungeqhume |
| 1st plural | singaqhuma | — | singaqhuma | singeqhume | — | singeqhume |
| 2nd plural | ningaqhuma | — | ningaqhuma | ningeqhume | — | ningeqhume |
| Class 1 | angaqhuma | — | engaqhuma | angeqhume | — | engeqhume |
| Class 2 | bangaqhuma | — | bengaqhuma | bangeqhume | — | bengeqhume |
| Class 3 | ungaqhuma | — | ungaqhuma | ungeqhume | — | ungeqhume |
| Class 4 | ingaqhuma | — | ingaqhuma | ingeqhume | — | ingeqhume |
| Class 5 | lingaqhuma | — | lingaqhuma | lingeqhume | — | lingeqhume |
| Class 6 | angaqhuma | — | engaqhuma | angeqhume | — | engeqhume |
| Class 7 | singaqhuma | — | singaqhuma | singeqhume | — | singeqhume |
| Class 8 | zingaqhuma | — | zingaqhuma | zingeqhume | — | zingeqhume |
| Class 9 | ingaqhuma | — | ingaqhuma | ingeqhume | — | ingeqhume |
| Class 10 | zingaqhuma | — | zingaqhuma | zingeqhume | — | zingeqhume |
| Class 11 | lungaqhuma | — | lungaqhuma | lungeqhume | — | lungeqhume |
| Class 14 | bungaqhuma | — | bungaqhuma | bungeqhume | — | bungeqhume |
| Class 15 | kungaqhuma | — | kungaqhuma | kungeqhume | — | kungeqhume |
| Class 17 | kungaqhuma | — | kungaqhuma | kungeqhume | — | kungeqhume |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqhuma | engizoqhuma | ngizoqhuma | angizuqhuma | engingezuqhuma | ngingezuqhuma |
| 2nd singular | uzoqhuma | ozoqhuma | uzoqhuma | awuzuqhuma | ongezuqhuma | ungezuqhuma |
| 1st plural | sizoqhuma | esizoqhuma | sizoqhuma | asizuqhuma | esingezuqhuma | singezuqhuma |
| 2nd plural | nizoqhuma | enizoqhuma | nizoqhuma | anizuqhuma | eningezuqhuma | ningezuqhuma |
| Class 1 | uzoqhuma | ozoqhuma | ezoqhuma | akazuqhuma | ongezuqhuma | engezuqhuma |
| Class 2 | bazoqhuma | abazoqhuma | bezoqhuma | abazuqhuma | abangezuqhuma | bengezuqhuma |
| Class 3 | uzoqhuma | ozoqhuma | uzoqhuma | awuzuqhuma | ongezuqhuma | ungezuqhuma |
| Class 4 | izoqhuma | ezoqhuma | izoqhuma | ayizuqhuma | engezuqhuma | ingezuqhuma |
| Class 5 | lizoqhuma | elizoqhuma | lizoqhuma | alizuqhuma | elingezuqhuma | lingezuqhuma |
| Class 6 | azoqhuma | azoqhuma | ezoqhuma | awazuqhuma | angezuqhuma | engezuqhuma |
| Class 7 | sizoqhuma | esizoqhuma | sizoqhuma | asizuqhuma | esingezuqhuma | singezuqhuma |
| Class 8 | zizoqhuma | ezizoqhuma | zizoqhuma | azizuqhuma | ezingezuqhuma | zingezuqhuma |
| Class 9 | izoqhuma | ezoqhuma | izoqhuma | ayizuqhuma | engezuqhuma | ingezuqhuma |
| Class 10 | zizoqhuma | ezizoqhuma | zizoqhuma | azizuqhuma | ezingezuqhuma | zingezuqhuma |
| Class 11 | luzoqhuma | oluzoqhuma | luzoqhuma | aluzuqhuma | olungezuqhuma | lungezuqhuma |
| Class 14 | buzoqhuma | obuzoqhuma | buzoqhuma | abuzuqhuma | obungezuqhuma | bungezuqhuma |
| Class 15 | kuzoqhuma | okuzoqhuma | kuzoqhuma | akuzuqhuma | okungezuqhuma | kungezuqhuma |
| Class 17 | kuzoqhuma | okuzoqhuma | kuzoqhuma | akuzuqhuma | okungezuqhuma | kungezuqhuma |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqhuma | engiyoqhuma | ngiyoqhuma | angiyuqhuma | engingeyuqhuma | ngingeyuqhuma |
| 2nd singular | uyoqhuma | oyoqhuma | uyoqhuma | awuyuqhuma | ongeyuqhuma | ungeyuqhuma |
| 1st plural | siyoqhuma | esiyoqhuma | siyoqhuma | asiyuqhuma | esingeyuqhuma | singeyuqhuma |
| 2nd plural | niyoqhuma | eniyoqhuma | niyoqhuma | aniyuqhuma | eningeyuqhuma | ningeyuqhuma |
| Class 1 | uyoqhuma | oyoqhuma | eyoqhuma | akayuqhuma | ongeyuqhuma | engeyuqhuma |
| Class 2 | bayoqhuma | abayoqhuma | beyoqhuma | abayuqhuma | abangeyuqhuma | bengeyuqhuma |
| Class 3 | uyoqhuma | oyoqhuma | uyoqhuma | awuyuqhuma | ongeyuqhuma | ungeyuqhuma |
| Class 4 | iyoqhuma | eyoqhuma | iyoqhuma | ayiyuqhuma | engeyuqhuma | ingeyuqhuma |
| Class 5 | liyoqhuma | eliyoqhuma | liyoqhuma | aliyuqhuma | elingeyuqhuma | lingeyuqhuma |
| Class 6 | ayoqhuma | ayoqhuma | eyoqhuma | awayuqhuma | angeyuqhuma | engeyuqhuma |
| Class 7 | siyoqhuma | esiyoqhuma | siyoqhuma | asiyuqhuma | esingeyuqhuma | singeyuqhuma |
| Class 8 | ziyoqhuma | eziyoqhuma | ziyoqhuma | aziyuqhuma | ezingeyuqhuma | zingeyuqhuma |
| Class 9 | iyoqhuma | eyoqhuma | iyoqhuma | ayiyuqhuma | engeyuqhuma | ingeyuqhuma |
| Class 10 | ziyoqhuma | eziyoqhuma | ziyoqhuma | aziyuqhuma | ezingeyuqhuma | zingeyuqhuma |
| Class 11 | luyoqhuma | oluyoqhuma | luyoqhuma | aluyuqhuma | olungeyuqhuma | lungeyuqhuma |
| Class 14 | buyoqhuma | obuyoqhuma | buyoqhuma | abuyuqhuma | obungeyuqhuma | bungeyuqhuma |
| Class 15 | kuyoqhuma | okuyoqhuma | kuyoqhuma | akuyuqhuma | okungeyuqhuma | kungeyuqhuma |
| Class 17 | kuyoqhuma | okuyoqhuma | kuyoqhuma | akuyuqhuma | okungeyuqhuma | kungeyuqhuma |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqhume | ngingaqhumi |
| 2nd singular | uqhume | ungaqhumi |
| 1st plural | siqhume | singaqhumi |
| 2nd plural | niqhume | ningaqhumi |
| Class 1 | aqhume | angaqhumi |
| Class 2 | baqhume | bangaqhumi |
| Class 3 | uqhume | ungaqhumi |
| Class 4 | iqhume | ingaqhumi |
| Class 5 | liqhume | lingaqhumi |
| Class 6 | aqhume | angaqhumi |
| Class 7 | siqhume | singaqhumi |
| Class 8 | ziqhume | zingaqhumi |
| Class 9 | iqhume | ingaqhumi |
| Class 10 | ziqhume | zingaqhumi |
| Class 11 | luqhume | lungaqhumi |
| Class 14 | buqhume | bungaqhumi |
| Class 15 | kuqhume | kungaqhumi |
| Class 17 | kuqhume | kungaqhumi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqhuma | ngangaqhuma, angaqhuma, angangaqhuma |
| 2nd singular | waqhuma | wangaqhuma, awaqhuma, awangaqhuma |
| 1st plural | saqhuma | sangaqhuma, asaqhuma, asangaqhuma |
| 2nd plural | naqhuma | nangaqhuma, anaqhuma, anangaqhuma |
| Class 1 | waqhuma | wangaqhuma, akaqhuma, akangaqhuma |
| Class 2 | baqhuma | bangaqhuma, abaqhuma, abangaqhuma |
| Class 3 | waqhuma | wangaqhuma, awaqhuma, awangaqhuma |
| Class 4 | yaqhuma | yangaqhuma, ayaqhuma, ayangaqhuma |
| Class 5 | laqhuma | langaqhuma, alaqhuma, alangaqhuma |
| Class 6 | aqhuma | angaqhuma, awaqhuma, awangaqhuma |
| Class 7 | saqhuma | sangaqhuma, asaqhuma, asangaqhuma |
| Class 8 | zaqhuma | zangaqhuma, azaqhuma, azangaqhuma |
| Class 9 | yaqhuma | yangaqhuma, ayaqhuma, ayangaqhuma |
| Class 10 | zaqhuma | zangaqhuma, azaqhuma, azangaqhuma |
| Class 11 | lwaqhuma | lwangaqhuma, alwaqhuma, alwangaqhuma |
| Class 14 | baqhuma | bangaqhuma, abaqhuma, abangaqhuma |
| Class 15 | kwaqhuma | kwangaqhuma, akwaqhuma, akwangaqhuma |
| Class 17 | kwaqhuma | kwangaqhuma, akwaqhuma, akwangaqhuma |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhuma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhuma (6.3)”