# 斬首
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhǎnshǒu
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˇ ㄕㄡˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zan$^3$ sou$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaam$^2$ sau$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chám-siú
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎnshǒu [Phonetic: zhánshǒu]
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˇ ㄕㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎnshǒu
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^3$-shou$^3$
*** Yale: jǎn-shǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaanshoou
*** Palladius: чжаньшоу (čžanʹšou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zan$^3$ sou$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zansou
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡san⁵³ səu⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaam$^2$ sau$^2$
*** Yale: jáam sáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam$^2$ sau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zam$^2$ seo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːm³⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chám-siú
*** Tâi-lô: tsám-siú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zafmsiuo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siu⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siu⁴¹/

### Verb

斬⫽首 (verb-object) (intransitive)
* to behead; to decapitate

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 斬首, 殺頭, 砍頭, 開刀 archaic |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 砍頭, 殺頭, 斬首 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 殺頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 砍頭 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 斬首, 殺頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 斬首 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 斬首 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 殺頭, 砍頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 砍頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 斬首 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 砍頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 砍腦殼, 斬首 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 殺頭, 砍頭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 砍腦殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 砍腦殼, 殺頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 砍頭, 斬頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 殺頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 剁頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 斬頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 斬頭, 殺頭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 斬頭 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 斬頭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 殺頭, 砍頭 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 殺頭 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 殺腦殼 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 殺頭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 斬頭, 㓾頭, 剁頭 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 斬頭, 㓾頭, 剁頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 斬頭, 㓾頭, 剁頭 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 斬頭, 㓾頭, 剁頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 斬頭, 㓾頭, 剁頭 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 斬頭, 㓾頭, 剁頭 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 殺頭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 砍頭 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 砍得腦 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 殺頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 刣頭 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 刣頭, 斬頭 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 刣頭, 斬頭 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 刣頭 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 刣頭 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 刣頭, 斬頭, 摧頭 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 刣頭 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 刣頭 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 刣頭 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鏨頭, 刣頭 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 斬頭, 刣頭 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 砍頭 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 砍頭 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 刣頭 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 斬首, 砍頭 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 殺頭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 殺頭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 殺頭 |
| Wu | Danyang | 殺頭 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 殺頭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 殺頭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 殺頭 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 殺頭, 得頭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 砍頭 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 斫腦殼 |

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 斬 | 首 |
| ざん Grade: S | しゅ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

斬(ざん)首(しゅ) • (zanshu)
* decapitation, beheading

### Verb

斬(ざん)首(しゅ)する • (zanshu suru) suru (stem 斬(ざん)首(しゅ)し (zanshu shi), past 斬(ざん)首(しゅ)した (zanshu shita))
* to behead, decapitate

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 斬首し | ざんしゅし | zanshu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 斬首し | ざんしゅし | zanshu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 斬首する | ざんしゅする | zanshu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 斬首する | ざんしゅする | zanshu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 斬首すれ | ざんしゅすれ | zanshu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 斬首せよ¹ 斬首しろ² | ざんしゅせよ¹ ざんしゅしろ² | zanshu seyo¹ zanshu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 斬首される | ざんしゅされる | zanshu sareru |
| Causative | 斬首させる 斬首さす | ざんしゅさせる ざんしゅさす | zanshu saseru zanshu sasu |
| Potential | 斬首できる | ざんしゅできる | zanshu dekiru |
| Volitional | 斬首しよう | ざんしゅしよう | zanshu shiyō |
| Negative | 斬首しない | ざんしゅしない | zanshu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 斬首せず | ざんしゅせず | zanshu sezu |
| Formal | 斬首します | ざんしゅします | zanshu shimasu |
| Perfective | 斬首した | ざんしゅした | zanshu shita |
| Conjunctive | 斬首して | ざんしゅして | zanshu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 斬首すれば | ざんしゅすれば | zanshu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 斬 | 首 |

### Noun

斬首 • (chamsu) (hangeul 참수)
* hanja form of 참수 (“beheading; decapitation”)