# ناورد
## Arabic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ناورد (nāward).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /naː.ward/

### Noun

نَاوَرْد • (nāward) m (obsolete)
* the race of horses in battle or competition
* battle, skirmish

#### Declension
### References

* Asbaghi, Asya (1988) “نَاوَرْد”, in Persische Lehnwörter im Arabischen‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 258
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “ناورد”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 632
* Kremer, Alfred von (1884) Beiträge zur arabischen Lexikographie. II‎ (in German), Wien: In Commission bei Carl Gerold’s Sohn, page 56
* Reinaud, Joseph Toussaint (1848) “De l'art militaire chez les Arabes au moyen âge”, in Journal asiatique‎ (in French), volume 54 / Quatrième Série Tome XII, number 2, page 202

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian ناورد (nâward, “battle, skirmish”).

### Noun

ناورد • (naverd)
* battle, fight, combat, a military action in which two or more armies are engaged
    Synonyms: اوغراش (oğraş), پرخاش (perhaş), جنك (cenk), دوگش (döğüş), صاواش (savaş)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: naverd

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “naverd”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3499
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “nâverd”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 970
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Pugna”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1401
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “ناورد”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 5120
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ناورد”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2068

## Persian
### Etymology

Variates with نبرد (nabard), which see.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [nɑː.waɾð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [nɑː.wäɹd̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [nɑː.wäɹd̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [nɑː.wäɹd̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [nɔː.wäɹd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [nɒː.væɹd̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [nɔ.väɹd̪]

### Noun

ناورد • (nâward)
* a course in field, race
* battle, skirmish
** a. 1854, میرزا حبیب قاآنی Mīrzā Ḥabīb Qāānī, “Das Frühlingsgedicht des persischen Dichters Mirsa Habib Kaani”, in Joseph Freiherr von Hammer-Purgstall, transl., Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎, volume 9, number 1, published 1855, page 604 l. 39:بیک ناورد ورزم وحمله وچالش زهم درّی دو صد پیل ودو صد شیر ودو صد ببر ودو صد اژدرWith one skirmish, melee, onset and tackle you will whiff Two hundred elephants, two hundred lions, two hundred tigers, and two hundred dragons.

#### Descendants

* → Arabic: نَاوَرْد (nāward)

### Further reading

* Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864) “ناوَرد”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume II, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 1290b