# 反省
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fǎnxǐng
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faan$^2$ sing$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fán-siáng / fán-sén
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoán-séng / hoán-séⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^2$ sên$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǎnxǐng [Phonetic: fánxǐng]
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǎnsǐng
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^3$-hsing$^3$
*** Yale: fǎn-syǐng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faanshiing
*** Palladius: фаньсин (fanʹsin)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faan$^2$ sing$^2$
*** Yale: fáan síng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faan$^2$ sing$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fan$^2$ xing$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːn³⁵ sɪŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fán-siáng / fán-sén
*** Hakka Romanization System: fan$^ˋ$ xiang$^ˋ$ / fan$^ˋ$ sen$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fan$^3$ xiang$^3$ / fan$^3$ sen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /fan³¹ si̯aŋ³¹/, /fan³¹ sen³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoán-séng
*** Tâi-lô: huán-síng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoafnseang
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /huan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoán-séⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: huán-sénn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoafnsvea
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sẽ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^2$ sên$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huáng séⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sẽ⁵²⁻²¹/

### Verb

反省
* to reflect on one's actions; to engage in self-examination; to do some soul-searching

#### Synonyms

* 反思 (fǎnsī)
* 反躬 (fǎngōng) (literary)
* 問心／问心 (wènxīn) (literary)
* 檢查／检查 (jiǎnchá)
* 檢討／检讨 (jiǎntǎo)
* 省察 (xǐngchá)
* 自問／自问 (zìwèn) (literary)
* 自我反省 (zìwǒ fǎnxǐng)
* 自我批評／自我批评 (zìwǒ pīpíng)
* 自省 (zìxǐng) (literary)
* 警察 (jǐngchá) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 自我反省 (zìwǒ fǎnxǐng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 反 | 省 |
| はん Grade: 3 | せい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はんせー [hàńséé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [hã̠ɰ̃se̞ː]

### Noun

反(はん)省(せい) • (hansei)
* reflection, introspection, meditation, contemplation
* reconsideration

### Verb

反(はん)省(せい)する • (hansei suru) transitive suru (stem 反(はん)省(せい)し (hansei shi), past 反(はん)省(せい)した (hansei shita))
* regret, reflect on one's actions, contemplate, search one's conscience

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 反省し | はんせいし | hansei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 反省し | はんせいし | hansei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 反省する | はんせいする | hansei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 反省する | はんせいする | hansei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 反省すれ | はんせいすれ | hansei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 反省せよ¹ 反省しろ² | はんせいせよ¹ はんせいしろ² | hansei seyo¹ hansei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 反省される | はんせいされる | hansei sareru |
| Causative | 反省させる 反省さす | はんせいさせる はんせいさす | hansei saseru hansei sasu |
| Potential | 反省できる | はんせいできる | hansei dekiru |
| Volitional | 反省しよう | はんせいしよう | hansei shiyō |
| Negative | 反省しない | はんせいしない | hansei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 反省せず | はんせいせず | hansei sezu |
| Formal | 反省します | はんせいします | hansei shimasu |
| Perfective | 反省した | はんせいした | hansei shita |
| Conjunctive | 反省して | はんせいして | hansei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 反省すれば | はんせいすれば | hansei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 反 | 省 |

### Noun

反省 • (banseong) (hangeul 반성)
* hanja form of 반성 (“self-reflection”)