# خوف
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

* Root
* خ و ف (ḵ w f)
* 10 terms

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xawf/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

خَوْف • (ḵawf) m
* verbal noun of خَافَ (ḵāfa) (form I)
* fear

##### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: خوف (ḵōf)
* → Azerbaijani: xof
* → Karaim: хоф (hof)
* → Kazakh: қауіп (qauıp)
* → Kyrgyz: кооп (koop)
* → Persian: خوف (xowf)
** → Hindi: ख़ौफ़ (xauf)
** → Punjabi: ਖ਼ੌਫ਼ (xauf)
* → Swahili: hofu
* → Turkmen: howp
* → Uyghur: خەۋپ (xewp)
* → Uzbek: xavf

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

خَوَّفَ • (ḵawwafa) II (non-past يُخَوِّفُ (yuḵawwifu), verbal noun تَخْوِيف (taḵwīf))
* to frighten
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 3:175:إِنَّمَا ذَٰلِكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ يُخَوِّفُ أَوْلِيَاءَهُ فَلَا تَخَافُوهُمْ وَخَافُونِ إِن كُنْتُم مُؤْمِنِينَʔinnamā ḏālikumu š-šayṭānu yuḵawwifu ʔawliyāʔahu falā taḵāfūhum waḵāfūni ʔin kuntum muʔminīna(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 17:60:وَنُخَوِّفُهُمْ فَمَا يَزِيدُهُمْ إِلَّا طُغْيَانًا كَبِيرًاwanuḵawwifuhum famā yazīduhum ʔillā ṭuḡyānan kabīran(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3
#### Adjective

خُوَّف • (ḵuwwaf) m pl
* masculine plural of خَائِف (ḵāʔif)

## Hijazi Arabic

* Root
* خ و ف
* 2 terms

### Etymology 1

From Arabic خَوْف (ḵawf).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xoːf/, [xo̞ːf]

#### Noun

خوف • (ḵōf) m
* fear

### Etymology 2

From Arabic خَوَّفَ (ḵawwafa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xaw.waf/

#### Verb

خَوَّف • (ḵawwaf) II (non-past يِخَوِّف (yiḵawwif))
* to frighten

##### Conjugation

Conjugation of خوف (ḵawwaf) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | خوفت (ḵawwaft) | خوفت (ḵawwaft) | خوف (ḵawwaf) | خوفنا (ḵawwafna) | خوفتوا (ḵawwaftu) | خوفوا (ḵawwafu) |
| past | f | خوفت (ḵawwaft) | خوفتي (ḵawwafti) | خوفت (ḵawwafat) | خوفنا (ḵawwafna) | خوفتوا (ḵawwaftu) | خوفوا (ḵawwafu) |
| non-past | m | أخوف (ʔaḵawwif) | تخوف (tiḵawwif) | يخوف (yiḵawwif) | نخوف (niḵawwif) | تخوفوا (tiḵawwifu) | يخوفوا (yiḵawwifu) |
| non-past | f | أخوف (ʔaḵawwif) | تخوفي (tiḵawwifi) | تخوف (tiḵawwif) | نخوف (niḵawwif) | تخوفوا (tiḵawwifu) | يخوفوا (yiḵawwifu) |
| imperative | m | | خوف (ḵawwif) | | | خوفوا (ḵawwifu) | |
| imperative | f | | خوفي (ḵawwifi) | | | خوفوا (ḵawwifu) | |

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَوْف (ḵawf).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xawf]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xäwf]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xäwf]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xäwf]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xäwf]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xowf]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χäwf]

### Noun

| Dari | خوف |
| Iranian Persian | خوف |
| Tajik | хавф |
خوف • (xowf) (plural خوف‌ها (xowf-hâ))
* fear
    Synonyms: بیم (bim), تَرس (tars), سَهم (sahm)

#### Derived terms

* خُوفناک (xowfnâk)

#### Descendants

* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: ख़ौफ़ (xauf)
    Urdu: خَوف (xauf)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੌਫ਼ (xauf)
    Shahmukhi script: خَوف (xauf)

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* خ و ف
* 4 terms

### Etymology

From Arabic خَوَّفَ (ḵawwafa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xaw.waf/, [ˈxaw.waf]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

خوّف • (ḵawwaf) II (present بخوّف (biḵawwef))
* to frighten

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of خوّف (ḵawwaf) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | خوّفت (ḵawwaft) | خوّفت (ḵawwaft) | خوّف (ḵawwaf) | خوّفنا (ḵawwafna) | خوّفتو (ḵawwaftu) | خوّفو (ḵawwafu) |
| past | f | خوّفت (ḵawwaft) | خوّفتي (ḵawwafti) | خوّفت (ḵawwafat) | خوّفنا (ḵawwafna) | خوّفتو (ḵawwaftu) | خوّفو (ḵawwafu) |
| present | m | بخوّف (baḵawwef) | بتخوّف (bitḵawwef) | بخوّف (biḵawwef) | منخوّف (minḵawwef) | بتخوّفو (bitḵawwfu) | بخوّفو (biḵawwfu) |
| present | f | بخوّف (baḵawwef) | بتخوّفي (bitḵawwfi) | بتخوّف (bitḵawwef) | منخوّف (minḵawwef) | بتخوّفو (bitḵawwfu) | بخوّفو (biḵawwfu) |
| subjunctive | m | اخوّف (aḵawwef) | تخوّف (tḵawwef) | يخوّف (yḵawwef) | نخوّف (nḵawwef) | تخوّفو (tḵawwfu) | يخوّفو (yḵawwfu) |
| subjunctive | f | اخوّف (aḵawwef) | تخوّفي (tḵawwfi) | تخوّف (tḵawwef) | نخوّف (nḵawwef) | تخوّفو (tḵawwfu) | يخوّفو (yḵawwfu) |
| imperative | m | | خوّف (ḵawwef) | | | خوّفو (ḵawwfu) | |
| imperative | f | | خوّفي (ḵawwfi) | | | خوّفو (ḵawwfu) | |

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خَوف (xawf), from Arabic خَوْف (ḵawf).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /xɔːf/

### Noun

خَوف • (xauf) m (Hindi spelling ख़ौफ़)
* fear