# qhumbuza
## Zulu
### Etymology

Derived from the ideophone qhumbu.

### Verb

-qhumbuza
* to puncture

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuqhumbuza |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqhumbuza | ukungaqhumbuzi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qhumbuza | -qhumbuze |
| Plural | qhumbuzani | -qhumbuzeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqhumbuza, ngiqhumbuza | engiqhumbuzayo, engiqhumbuza | ngiqhumbuza | angiqhumbuzi | engingaqhumbuzi | ngingaqhumbuzi |
| 2nd singular | uyaqhumbuza, uqhumbuza | oqhumbuzayo, oqhumbuza | uqhumbuza | awuqhumbuzi | ongaqhumbuzi | ungaqhumbuzi |
| 1st plural | siyaqhumbuza, siqhumbuza | esiqhumbuzayo, esiqhumbuza | siqhumbuza | asiqhumbuzi | esingaqhumbuzi | singaqhumbuzi |
| 2nd plural | niyaqhumbuza, niqhumbuza | eniqhumbuzayo, eniqhumbuza | niqhumbuza | aniqhumbuzi | eningaqhumbuzi | ningaqhumbuzi |
| Class 1 | uyaqhumbuza, uqhumbuza | oqhumbuzayo, oqhumbuza | eqhumbuza | akaqhumbuzi | ongaqhumbuzi | engaqhumbuzi |
| Class 2 | bayaqhumbuza, baqhumbuza | abaqhumbuzayo, abaqhumbuza | beqhumbuza | abaqhumbuzi | abangaqhumbuzi | bengaqhumbuzi |
| Class 3 | uyaqhumbuza, uqhumbuza | oqhumbuzayo, oqhumbuza | uqhumbuza | awuqhumbuzi | ongaqhumbuzi | ungaqhumbuzi |
| Class 4 | iyaqhumbuza, iqhumbuza | eqhumbuzayo, eqhumbuza | iqhumbuza | ayiqhumbuzi | engaqhumbuzi | ingaqhumbuzi |
| Class 5 | liyaqhumbuza, liqhumbuza | eliqhumbuzayo, eliqhumbuza | liqhumbuza | aliqhumbuzi | elingaqhumbuzi | lingaqhumbuzi |
| Class 6 | ayaqhumbuza, aqhumbuza | aqhumbuzayo, aqhumbuza | eqhumbuza | awaqhumbuzi | angaqhumbuzi | engaqhumbuzi |
| Class 7 | siyaqhumbuza, siqhumbuza | esiqhumbuzayo, esiqhumbuza | siqhumbuza | asiqhumbuzi | esingaqhumbuzi | singaqhumbuzi |
| Class 8 | ziyaqhumbuza, ziqhumbuza | eziqhumbuzayo, eziqhumbuza | ziqhumbuza | aziqhumbuzi | ezingaqhumbuzi | zingaqhumbuzi |
| Class 9 | iyaqhumbuza, iqhumbuza | eqhumbuzayo, eqhumbuza | iqhumbuza | ayiqhumbuzi | engaqhumbuzi | ingaqhumbuzi |
| Class 10 | ziyaqhumbuza, ziqhumbuza | eziqhumbuzayo, eziqhumbuza | ziqhumbuza | aziqhumbuzi | ezingaqhumbuzi | zingaqhumbuzi |
| Class 11 | luyaqhumbuza, luqhumbuza | oluqhumbuzayo, oluqhumbuza | luqhumbuza | aluqhumbuzi | olungaqhumbuzi | lungaqhumbuzi |
| Class 14 | buyaqhumbuza, buqhumbuza | obuqhumbuzayo, obuqhumbuza | buqhumbuza | abuqhumbuzi | obungaqhumbuzi | bungaqhumbuzi |
| Class 15 | kuyaqhumbuza, kuqhumbuza | okuqhumbuzayo, okuqhumbuza | kuqhumbuza | akuqhumbuzi | okungaqhumbuzi | kungaqhumbuzi |
| Class 17 | kuyaqhumbuza, kuqhumbuza | okuqhumbuzayo, okuqhumbuza | kuqhumbuza | akuqhumbuzi | okungaqhumbuzi | kungaqhumbuzi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqhumbuzile, ngiqhumbuzē | engiqhumbuzile, engiqhumbuzē | ngiqhumbuzile, ngiqhumbuzē | angiqhumbuzanga | engingaqhumbuzanga | ngingaqhumbuzanga |
| 2nd singular | uqhumbuzile, uqhumbuzē | oqhumbuzile, oqhumbuzē | uqhumbuzile, uqhumbuzē | awuqhumbuzanga | ongaqhumbuzanga | ungaqhumbuzanga |
| 1st plural | siqhumbuzile, siqhumbuzē | esiqhumbuzile, esiqhumbuzē | siqhumbuzile, siqhumbuzē | asiqhumbuzanga | esingaqhumbuzanga | singaqhumbuzanga |
| 2nd plural | niqhumbuzile, niqhumbuzē | eniqhumbuzile, eniqhumbuzē | niqhumbuzile, niqhumbuzē | aniqhumbuzanga | eningaqhumbuzanga | ningaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 1 | uqhumbuzile, uqhumbuzē | oqhumbuzile, oqhumbuzē | eqhumbuzile, eqhumbuzē | akaqhumbuzanga | ongaqhumbuzanga | engaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 2 | baqhumbuzile, baqhumbuzē | abaqhumbuzile, abaqhumbuzē | beqhumbuzile, beqhumbuzē | abaqhumbuzanga | abangaqhumbuzanga | bengaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 3 | uqhumbuzile, uqhumbuzē | oqhumbuzile, oqhumbuzē | uqhumbuzile, uqhumbuzē | awuqhumbuzanga | ongaqhumbuzanga | ungaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 4 | iqhumbuzile, iqhumbuzē | eqhumbuzile, eqhumbuzē | iqhumbuzile, iqhumbuzē | ayiqhumbuzanga | engaqhumbuzanga | ingaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 5 | liqhumbuzile, liqhumbuzē | eliqhumbuzile, eliqhumbuzē | liqhumbuzile, liqhumbuzē | aliqhumbuzanga | elingaqhumbuzanga | lingaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 6 | aqhumbuzile, aqhumbuzē | aqhumbuzile, aqhumbuzē | eqhumbuzile, eqhumbuzē | awaqhumbuzanga | angaqhumbuzanga | engaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 7 | siqhumbuzile, siqhumbuzē | esiqhumbuzile, esiqhumbuzē | siqhumbuzile, siqhumbuzē | asiqhumbuzanga | esingaqhumbuzanga | singaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 8 | ziqhumbuzile, ziqhumbuzē | eziqhumbuzile, eziqhumbuzē | ziqhumbuzile, ziqhumbuzē | aziqhumbuzanga | ezingaqhumbuzanga | zingaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 9 | iqhumbuzile, iqhumbuzē | eqhumbuzile, eqhumbuzē | iqhumbuzile, iqhumbuzē | ayiqhumbuzanga | engaqhumbuzanga | ingaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 10 | ziqhumbuzile, ziqhumbuzē | eziqhumbuzile, eziqhumbuzē | ziqhumbuzile, ziqhumbuzē | aziqhumbuzanga | ezingaqhumbuzanga | zingaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 11 | luqhumbuzile, luqhumbuzē | oluqhumbuzile, oluqhumbuzē | luqhumbuzile, luqhumbuzē | aluqhumbuzanga | olungaqhumbuzanga | lungaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 14 | buqhumbuzile, buqhumbuzē | obuqhumbuzile, obuqhumbuzē | buqhumbuzile, buqhumbuzē | abuqhumbuzanga | obungaqhumbuzanga | bungaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 15 | kuqhumbuzile, kuqhumbuzē | okuqhumbuzile, okuqhumbuzē | kuqhumbuzile, kuqhumbuzē | akuqhumbuzanga | okungaqhumbuzanga | kungaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 17 | kuqhumbuzile, kuqhumbuzē | okuqhumbuzile, okuqhumbuzē | kuqhumbuzile, kuqhumbuzē | akuqhumbuzanga | okungaqhumbuzanga | kungaqhumbuzanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqhumbuza | engāqhumbuza | ngāqhumbuza | angiqhumbuzanga | engingaqhumbuzanga | ngingaqhumbuzanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqhumbuza | owāqhumbuza | wāqhumbuza | awuqhumbuzanga | ongaqhumbuzanga | ungaqhumbuzanga |
| 1st plural | sāqhumbuza | esāqhumbuza | sāqhumbuza | asiqhumbuzanga | esingaqhumbuzanga | singaqhumbuzanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqhumbuza | enāqhumbuza | nāqhumbuza | aniqhumbuzanga | eningaqhumbuzanga | ningaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 1 | wāqhumbuza | owāqhumbuza | āqhumbuza | akaqhumbuzanga | ongaqhumbuzanga | engaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 2 | bāqhumbuza | abāqhumbuza | bāqhumbuza | abaqhumbuzanga | abangaqhumbuzanga | bengaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 3 | wāqhumbuza | owāqhumbuza | wāqhumbuza | awuqhumbuzanga | ongaqhumbuzanga | ungaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 4 | yāqhumbuza | eyāqhumbuza | yāqhumbuza | ayiqhumbuzanga | engaqhumbuzanga | ingaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 5 | lāqhumbuza | elāqhumbuza | lāqhumbuza | aliqhumbuzanga | elingaqhumbuzanga | lingaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 6 | āqhumbuza | āqhumbuza | āqhumbuza | awaqhumbuzanga | angaqhumbuzanga | engaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 7 | sāqhumbuza | esāqhumbuza | sāqhumbuza | asiqhumbuzanga | esingaqhumbuzanga | singaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 8 | zāqhumbuza | ezāqhumbuza | zāqhumbuza | aziqhumbuzanga | ezingaqhumbuzanga | zingaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 9 | yāqhumbuza | eyāqhumbuza | yāqhumbuza | ayiqhumbuzanga | engaqhumbuzanga | ingaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 10 | zāqhumbuza | ezāqhumbuza | zāqhumbuza | aziqhumbuzanga | ezingaqhumbuzanga | zingaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqhumbuza | olwāqhumbuza | lwāqhumbuza | aluqhumbuzanga | olungaqhumbuzanga | lungaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 14 | bāqhumbuza | obāqhumbuza | bāqhumbuza | abuqhumbuzanga | obungaqhumbuzanga | bungaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqhumbuza | okwāqhumbuza | kwāqhumbuza | akuqhumbuzanga | okungaqhumbuzanga | kungaqhumbuzanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqhumbuza | okwāqhumbuza | kwāqhumbuza | akuqhumbuzanga | okungaqhumbuzanga | kungaqhumbuzanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqhumbuza | — | ngingaqhumbuza | ngingeqhumbuze | — | ngingeqhumbuze |
| 2nd singular | ungaqhumbuza | — | ungaqhumbuza | ungeqhumbuze | — | ungeqhumbuze |
| 1st plural | singaqhumbuza | — | singaqhumbuza | singeqhumbuze | — | singeqhumbuze |
| 2nd plural | ningaqhumbuza | — | ningaqhumbuza | ningeqhumbuze | — | ningeqhumbuze |
| Class 1 | angaqhumbuza | — | engaqhumbuza | angeqhumbuze | — | engeqhumbuze |
| Class 2 | bangaqhumbuza | — | bengaqhumbuza | bangeqhumbuze | — | bengeqhumbuze |
| Class 3 | ungaqhumbuza | — | ungaqhumbuza | ungeqhumbuze | — | ungeqhumbuze |
| Class 4 | ingaqhumbuza | — | ingaqhumbuza | ingeqhumbuze | — | ingeqhumbuze |
| Class 5 | lingaqhumbuza | — | lingaqhumbuza | lingeqhumbuze | — | lingeqhumbuze |
| Class 6 | angaqhumbuza | — | engaqhumbuza | angeqhumbuze | — | engeqhumbuze |
| Class 7 | singaqhumbuza | — | singaqhumbuza | singeqhumbuze | — | singeqhumbuze |
| Class 8 | zingaqhumbuza | — | zingaqhumbuza | zingeqhumbuze | — | zingeqhumbuze |
| Class 9 | ingaqhumbuza | — | ingaqhumbuza | ingeqhumbuze | — | ingeqhumbuze |
| Class 10 | zingaqhumbuza | — | zingaqhumbuza | zingeqhumbuze | — | zingeqhumbuze |
| Class 11 | lungaqhumbuza | — | lungaqhumbuza | lungeqhumbuze | — | lungeqhumbuze |
| Class 14 | bungaqhumbuza | — | bungaqhumbuza | bungeqhumbuze | — | bungeqhumbuze |
| Class 15 | kungaqhumbuza | — | kungaqhumbuza | kungeqhumbuze | — | kungeqhumbuze |
| Class 17 | kungaqhumbuza | — | kungaqhumbuza | kungeqhumbuze | — | kungeqhumbuze |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqhumbuza | engizoqhumbuza | ngizoqhumbuza | angizuqhumbuza | engingezuqhumbuza | ngingezuqhumbuza |
| 2nd singular | uzoqhumbuza | ozoqhumbuza | uzoqhumbuza | awuzuqhumbuza | ongezuqhumbuza | ungezuqhumbuza |
| 1st plural | sizoqhumbuza | esizoqhumbuza | sizoqhumbuza | asizuqhumbuza | esingezuqhumbuza | singezuqhumbuza |
| 2nd plural | nizoqhumbuza | enizoqhumbuza | nizoqhumbuza | anizuqhumbuza | eningezuqhumbuza | ningezuqhumbuza |
| Class 1 | uzoqhumbuza | ozoqhumbuza | ezoqhumbuza | akazuqhumbuza | ongezuqhumbuza | engezuqhumbuza |
| Class 2 | bazoqhumbuza | abazoqhumbuza | bezoqhumbuza | abazuqhumbuza | abangezuqhumbuza | bengezuqhumbuza |
| Class 3 | uzoqhumbuza | ozoqhumbuza | uzoqhumbuza | awuzuqhumbuza | ongezuqhumbuza | ungezuqhumbuza |
| Class 4 | izoqhumbuza | ezoqhumbuza | izoqhumbuza | ayizuqhumbuza | engezuqhumbuza | ingezuqhumbuza |
| Class 5 | lizoqhumbuza | elizoqhumbuza | lizoqhumbuza | alizuqhumbuza | elingezuqhumbuza | lingezuqhumbuza |
| Class 6 | azoqhumbuza | azoqhumbuza | ezoqhumbuza | awazuqhumbuza | angezuqhumbuza | engezuqhumbuza |
| Class 7 | sizoqhumbuza | esizoqhumbuza | sizoqhumbuza | asizuqhumbuza | esingezuqhumbuza | singezuqhumbuza |
| Class 8 | zizoqhumbuza | ezizoqhumbuza | zizoqhumbuza | azizuqhumbuza | ezingezuqhumbuza | zingezuqhumbuza |
| Class 9 | izoqhumbuza | ezoqhumbuza | izoqhumbuza | ayizuqhumbuza | engezuqhumbuza | ingezuqhumbuza |
| Class 10 | zizoqhumbuza | ezizoqhumbuza | zizoqhumbuza | azizuqhumbuza | ezingezuqhumbuza | zingezuqhumbuza |
| Class 11 | luzoqhumbuza | oluzoqhumbuza | luzoqhumbuza | aluzuqhumbuza | olungezuqhumbuza | lungezuqhumbuza |
| Class 14 | buzoqhumbuza | obuzoqhumbuza | buzoqhumbuza | abuzuqhumbuza | obungezuqhumbuza | bungezuqhumbuza |
| Class 15 | kuzoqhumbuza | okuzoqhumbuza | kuzoqhumbuza | akuzuqhumbuza | okungezuqhumbuza | kungezuqhumbuza |
| Class 17 | kuzoqhumbuza | okuzoqhumbuza | kuzoqhumbuza | akuzuqhumbuza | okungezuqhumbuza | kungezuqhumbuza |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqhumbuza | engiyoqhumbuza | ngiyoqhumbuza | angiyuqhumbuza | engingeyuqhumbuza | ngingeyuqhumbuza |
| 2nd singular | uyoqhumbuza | oyoqhumbuza | uyoqhumbuza | awuyuqhumbuza | ongeyuqhumbuza | ungeyuqhumbuza |
| 1st plural | siyoqhumbuza | esiyoqhumbuza | siyoqhumbuza | asiyuqhumbuza | esingeyuqhumbuza | singeyuqhumbuza |
| 2nd plural | niyoqhumbuza | eniyoqhumbuza | niyoqhumbuza | aniyuqhumbuza | eningeyuqhumbuza | ningeyuqhumbuza |
| Class 1 | uyoqhumbuza | oyoqhumbuza | eyoqhumbuza | akayuqhumbuza | ongeyuqhumbuza | engeyuqhumbuza |
| Class 2 | bayoqhumbuza | abayoqhumbuza | beyoqhumbuza | abayuqhumbuza | abangeyuqhumbuza | bengeyuqhumbuza |
| Class 3 | uyoqhumbuza | oyoqhumbuza | uyoqhumbuza | awuyuqhumbuza | ongeyuqhumbuza | ungeyuqhumbuza |
| Class 4 | iyoqhumbuza | eyoqhumbuza | iyoqhumbuza | ayiyuqhumbuza | engeyuqhumbuza | ingeyuqhumbuza |
| Class 5 | liyoqhumbuza | eliyoqhumbuza | liyoqhumbuza | aliyuqhumbuza | elingeyuqhumbuza | lingeyuqhumbuza |
| Class 6 | ayoqhumbuza | ayoqhumbuza | eyoqhumbuza | awayuqhumbuza | angeyuqhumbuza | engeyuqhumbuza |
| Class 7 | siyoqhumbuza | esiyoqhumbuza | siyoqhumbuza | asiyuqhumbuza | esingeyuqhumbuza | singeyuqhumbuza |
| Class 8 | ziyoqhumbuza | eziyoqhumbuza | ziyoqhumbuza | aziyuqhumbuza | ezingeyuqhumbuza | zingeyuqhumbuza |
| Class 9 | iyoqhumbuza | eyoqhumbuza | iyoqhumbuza | ayiyuqhumbuza | engeyuqhumbuza | ingeyuqhumbuza |
| Class 10 | ziyoqhumbuza | eziyoqhumbuza | ziyoqhumbuza | aziyuqhumbuza | ezingeyuqhumbuza | zingeyuqhumbuza |
| Class 11 | luyoqhumbuza | oluyoqhumbuza | luyoqhumbuza | aluyuqhumbuza | olungeyuqhumbuza | lungeyuqhumbuza |
| Class 14 | buyoqhumbuza | obuyoqhumbuza | buyoqhumbuza | abuyuqhumbuza | obungeyuqhumbuza | bungeyuqhumbuza |
| Class 15 | kuyoqhumbuza | okuyoqhumbuza | kuyoqhumbuza | akuyuqhumbuza | okungeyuqhumbuza | kungeyuqhumbuza |
| Class 17 | kuyoqhumbuza | okuyoqhumbuza | kuyoqhumbuza | akuyuqhumbuza | okungeyuqhumbuza | kungeyuqhumbuza |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqhumbuze | ngingaqhumbuzi |
| 2nd singular | uqhumbuze | ungaqhumbuzi |
| 1st plural | siqhumbuze | singaqhumbuzi |
| 2nd plural | niqhumbuze | ningaqhumbuzi |
| Class 1 | aqhumbuze | angaqhumbuzi |
| Class 2 | baqhumbuze | bangaqhumbuzi |
| Class 3 | uqhumbuze | ungaqhumbuzi |
| Class 4 | iqhumbuze | ingaqhumbuzi |
| Class 5 | liqhumbuze | lingaqhumbuzi |
| Class 6 | aqhumbuze | angaqhumbuzi |
| Class 7 | siqhumbuze | singaqhumbuzi |
| Class 8 | ziqhumbuze | zingaqhumbuzi |
| Class 9 | iqhumbuze | ingaqhumbuzi |
| Class 10 | ziqhumbuze | zingaqhumbuzi |
| Class 11 | luqhumbuze | lungaqhumbuzi |
| Class 14 | buqhumbuze | bungaqhumbuzi |
| Class 15 | kuqhumbuze | kungaqhumbuzi |
| Class 17 | kuqhumbuze | kungaqhumbuzi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqhumbuza | ngangaqhumbuza, angaqhumbuza, angangaqhumbuza |
| 2nd singular | waqhumbuza | wangaqhumbuza, awaqhumbuza, awangaqhumbuza |
| 1st plural | saqhumbuza | sangaqhumbuza, asaqhumbuza, asangaqhumbuza |
| 2nd plural | naqhumbuza | nangaqhumbuza, anaqhumbuza, anangaqhumbuza |
| Class 1 | waqhumbuza | wangaqhumbuza, akaqhumbuza, akangaqhumbuza |
| Class 2 | baqhumbuza | bangaqhumbuza, abaqhumbuza, abangaqhumbuza |
| Class 3 | waqhumbuza | wangaqhumbuza, awaqhumbuza, awangaqhumbuza |
| Class 4 | yaqhumbuza | yangaqhumbuza, ayaqhumbuza, ayangaqhumbuza |
| Class 5 | laqhumbuza | langaqhumbuza, alaqhumbuza, alangaqhumbuza |
| Class 6 | aqhumbuza | angaqhumbuza, awaqhumbuza, awangaqhumbuza |
| Class 7 | saqhumbuza | sangaqhumbuza, asaqhumbuza, asangaqhumbuza |
| Class 8 | zaqhumbuza | zangaqhumbuza, azaqhumbuza, azangaqhumbuza |
| Class 9 | yaqhumbuza | yangaqhumbuza, ayaqhumbuza, ayangaqhumbuza |
| Class 10 | zaqhumbuza | zangaqhumbuza, azaqhumbuza, azangaqhumbuza |
| Class 11 | lwaqhumbuza | lwangaqhumbuza, alwaqhumbuza, alwangaqhumbuza |
| Class 14 | baqhumbuza | bangaqhumbuza, abaqhumbuza, abangaqhumbuza |
| Class 15 | kwaqhumbuza | kwangaqhumbuza, akwaqhumbuza, akwangaqhumbuza |
| Class 17 | kwaqhumbuza | kwangaqhumbuza, akwaqhumbuza, akwangaqhumbuza |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhumbuza”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhumbuza (3.2.9)”