# ἐπεί
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἐπί (epí, “on”) + εἰ (ei, “if”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /e.pěː/ → /eˈpi/ → /eˈpi/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /e.pěː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /eˈpi/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /eˈpi/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /eˈpi/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /eˈpi/

### Conjunction

ἐπεί • (epeí)
* (of time) after, after that, since, when
** (with indicative)
*** (of a definite occurrence in past time, mostly with aorist)
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.458
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.1.3
*** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1354
*** 413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 260
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.1.1
*** 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 42
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.5.27
*** (with implied reference to some later time)
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.2
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.8
**** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.68
**** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 40
**** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 15
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.117
** (with subjunctive, ἄν (án) often being added)
*** 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 1175
*** 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 983
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.153
*** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Fractures 6
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.412
*** (referring to future time)
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.238
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.764
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.23
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.153
**** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Eubulides 16
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.3.29
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.412
**** 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 34
*** (referring generally to any one of a number of instances, with a present apodosis of repeated action) whenever, when once
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.221
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.409
**** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.34
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.86
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.478
**** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1225
**** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1025
** (with optative, without ἄν (án))
*** (referring to future time)
**** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 516A
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.227
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.105
*** (more frequently, referring generally to any one of a number of past instances, with a past apodosis of repeated action)
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.14
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.5.9
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.55
**** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.38
**** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 59D
**** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 315B
*** (in indirect speech after past tenses, representing a subjunctive in direct speech)
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.2.27
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 3.5.18
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.4.21
**** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.80
** (with infinitive, only be assimilation in indirect speech)
*** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 619C
*** 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 174D
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.10
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.150
** (with other words)
*** (with τάχιστα (tákhista))
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.2.6
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 3.3.22
**** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1284A.40
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 3.2.4
**** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 1.35
**** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 310C
**** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Pantaenetus 41
**** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 325C
*** (with various emphatic particles)
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.426
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.57
**** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.4
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.9
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.90
* (causal) since, seeing that
** (with indicative)
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.119
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.153
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.278
*** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 4.16
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.3.4
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.80
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 335C
*** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 854
** (in most of the constructions which are found in independent sentences)
*** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1037
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.228
*** 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 49
*** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 948
*** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 9.29
*** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 433
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.7.14
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 352
*** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 969
*** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 390
*** 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 73
*** 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 473E
*** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 688
*** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 7.5
*** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 214
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 139
** (with infinitive in indirect speech)
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 353A
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.111
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.93
** (in various elliptical expressions)
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 335C
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 333C
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 317A
*** 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 19E
*** 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 187A
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1121A.19
** (sometimes epexegetic, introducing a narrative)
*** 399 BCE, Plato, Euthyphro 4C
** (with other particles)
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.185
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.352
*** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 171
*** 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 181
*** 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 955
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 77D
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Conon 29
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 631
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 87C
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.9
*** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 923
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.18
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.169
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.276
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.447
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.181
*** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 822
*** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 75
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 114D
*** 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 437
*** 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 495
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.18
*** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 433
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.379
*** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 446

#### Derived terms

* ἐπᾱ́ν (epā́n)
* ἐπειδή (epeidḗ)
* ἐπειδήπερ (epeidḗper)
* ἐπείπερ (epeíper)
* ἐπείτε (epeíte)

### References

* “ἐπεί”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἐπεί”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ἐπεί”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ἐπεί in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἐπεί in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “ἐπεί”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G1893 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. after idem, page 17.as idem, page 42.because idem, page 68.else idem, page 265.ever since idem, page 285.for idem, page 334.since idem, page 777.when idem, page 975.
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN