# solum
## English
### Etymology

From Latin solum (“base, bottom; soil”). Doublet of soil.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈsəʊləm/
* (US, Canada) IPA: /ˈsoʊləm/
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈsəʉləm/
* (New Zealand) IPA: /ˈsɐʉləm/
* Rhymes: -əʊləm

### Noun

solum (plural solums or sola)
* Within a soil profile, a set of related soil horizons that share the same cycle of pedogenic processes.
* The upper layers of a soil profile that are affected by climate.

### Anagrams

* LUMOs, Mosul, omuls, mulos

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *solom (“base, sole”), from Proto-Indo-European *solom or *selom (“place, habitation”). Cognate with Lithuanian salà (“island”), Proto-Slavic *selo (“village”) and Proto-Germanic *saliz (“house, dwelling; hall, room”). Related to Latin solea (“sandal, hoof-guard, fettle”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈso.lum/, [ˈs̠ɔɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈso.lum/, [ˈsɔːlum]

#### Noun

solum n (genitive solī); second declension
* bottom, ground, base, foundation, bed
    Synonym: fundus
* floor, pavement
* ground, earth, land, soil
    Synonyms: terra, tellūs, humus
* sole (of the foot)
** c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 4.1–2:Avia Pieridum peragro loca nullius ante / trita solo.I travel through the inaccessible Pierides' region that no one's foot has ever trodden before.
* (by extension) land, country, region, place

##### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | solum | sola |
| Genitive | solī | solōrum |
| Dative | solō | solīs |
| Accusative | solum | sola |
| Ablative | solō | solīs |
| Vocative | solum | sola |

##### Derived terms

* assolō
* solea

##### Descendants

* → Basque: zoru
* Catalan: sòl
* → English: solum
* French: sol
* Galician: soio, sollo, solo
* Italian: suolo
* → Old High German: sola
** Middle High German: sole
*** German: Sohle
*** Hunsrik: Sohl
* Portuguese: solo, solho
* Romanian: sol
* Sicilian: solu
* Spanish: suelo
* → Welsh: syl (in compounds such as sylfaen, sylwedd)
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *solaculum
** Portuguese: soalho
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *solium
** French: seuil

#### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “solum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 572

### Etymology 2

Adverbial accusative of sōlus (“alone, only”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsoː.lum/, [ˈs̠oːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈso.lum/, [ˈsɔːlum]

#### Adverb

sōlum (not comparable)
* only, just, barely, merely
    Synonyms: tantum, modo

##### Derived terms

* sōlummodo

##### Related terms

* sōlicanus
* sōliloquium
* sōlitāneus
* sōlitārius
* sōlitās
* sōlitātim
* sōlitūdo
* sōlus

##### Descendants

* Catalan: sol
* Italian: solo
* Spanish: solo

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

sōlum
* inflection of sōlus:
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular
** accusative masculine singular

#### References

* “solum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “solum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* solum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* solum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) Solon, one of the seven sages: Solo, unus de septem (illis) (ambiguous) Solo ordained by law that..: Solo lege sanxit, ut or ne (ambiguous) to leave one's country (only used of exiles): solum vertere, mutare (Caecin. 34. 100) (ambiguous) Solon made it a capital offence to..: Solo capite sanxit, si quis... (Att. 10. 1) (ambiguous) to raze a town to the ground: oppidum solo aequare

## Old English
### Noun

solum
* dative plural of sol (“mud”)