# 鴆

| 鴆 | U+9D06, &#40198; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9D06 |
| ← 鴅 [U+9D05] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鴇 → [U+9D07] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鴆 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+4, 15 strokes, cangjie input 中山竹日火 (LUHAF), four-corner 4702$_7$, composition ⿰冘鳥)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1484, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46727
* Dae Jaweon: page 2016, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4621, character 6
* Unihan data for U+9D06

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 鴆
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 冘 | *lu, *lum |
| 抌 | *lu, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *loʔ |
| 狖 | *lus |
| 貁 | *lus |
| 耽 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 眈 | *ʔl'uːm, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *l'uːm |
| 酖 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 妉 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 黕 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 衴 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 瓭 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 馾 | *ʔl'uːms |
| 髧 | *l'uːmʔ |
| 紞 | *ʔl'oːmʔ |
| 鈂 | *zlum, *l'um |
| 沈 | *l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ |
| 沉 | *l'um |
| 枕 | *l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums |
| 莐 | *l'um |
| 霃 | *l'um |
| 鴆 | *l'ums |
| 訦 | *ɦljum, *ɦljumʔ |
| 忱 | *ɦljum |
| 邥 | *hljumʔ |
| 魫 | *hljumʔ |

### Etymology

Same word as 酖 (OC *l'ums, “to poison (v.); poison (n.)”) (e.g. in Zuozhuan, "Xi 30"), exopassive of 沈 (OC *l'um, “to put poison in liquid”) (e.g. in Rites of Zhou ) (Schuessler, 2007). See 沈 & 沉 (chén) for further etymology.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhèn (zhen$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zam$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thim
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhèn
*** Wade–Giles: chên$^4$
*** Yale: jèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenn
*** Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zam$^6$
*** Yale: jahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzam$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zem$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐm²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thim
*** Tâi-lô: thim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tym
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰim³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰim⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: drimH
Rime :
| Character | 鴆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直禁切 |
| Baxter | drimH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠiɪm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖᵚim$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiem$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖjim$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡjəm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭĕm$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯əm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zam$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l]r[ə]m-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'ums/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鴆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhèn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drim$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[l]r[ə]m-s/ |
| English | poison (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鴆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15260 |
| Phonetic component | 冘 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鴆 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'ums/ |

### Definitions

鴆
* (Chinese mythology) the zhenniao (a hawk-like, snake-eating bird with poisonous feathers)
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Wú lìng zhèn wéi méi xī, zhèn gào yú yǐ bùhǎo. [Pinyin]
    I bade the zhen-bird to be my go-between; the zhen-bird told me: "Not good!"
    From: The Classic of Mountains and Seas
    Yòu dōngběi bǎi'èrshí lǐ, yuē Nǚjī zhī shān,...... Qí niǎo duō báijiāo, duō dí, duō zhèn. [Pinyin]
    120-li more northeastwards, [there's a place] called Mount Nüji; [...] as for the birds, there are many white jiāo-pheasants, many dí-pheasants, and many zhèn-hawks.
* poisonous
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Tàihòu nù, nǎi lìng rén zhuó liǎng zhī zhènjiǔ zhì qián, lìng Qíwáng wéishòu. [Pinyin]
    The Empress Dowager was angry; so she ordered her manservant to pour two goblets of poisonous / poisoned liquor and put those in front, and ordered the Prince of Qi to drink for her longevity.
* to poison
    From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
    Wēn zhī huì, Jìnrén zhí Wèi Chénggōng guī zhī yú Zhōu, shǐ yī zhèn zhī, bù sǐ, yī yì bù zhū. [Pinyin]
    At the assembly at Wen, the men of Jin held Duke Cheng of Wey captive and returned him to Zhou. They dispatched a physician to poison him; he did not die, and the physician was not executed also.
* poison
    From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
    Gōng tián, Líjī shòufú, nǎi zhì zhèn yú jiǔ, zhì jǐn yú ròu. [Pinyin]
    The Duke went out hunting; Li Ji accepted the blessings. Then she put poison in the liquor and put aconite's bane in the meats.

#### Compounds

* 宴安鴆毒／宴安鸩毒
* 止渴飲鴆／止渴饮鸩
* 燕安鴆毒／燕安鸩毒
* 飲鴆止渴／饮鸩止渴 (yǐnzhènzhǐkě)
* 鴆媒／鸩媒
* 鴆害／鸩害
* 鴆殺／鸩杀 (zhènshā)
* 鴆毒／鸩毒
* 鴆湯／鸩汤
* 鴆酒／鸩酒 (zhènjiǔ)
* 鴆鳥／鸩鸟 (zhènniǎo)

#### Usage notes

According to Guo Pu, two different kinds of birds are named 鴆／鸩 (zhèn):
* the poisonous, snake-eating, hawk-like birds; and
* the pheasant-like birds that eat noxious bugs called fěi (蜚), .

#### References

* ↑ Guo Pu & Wu Renchen. Classic of Mountains and Seas - Extensively Commentated, "Vol. 5". Siku Quanshu version, pp. 171, 200 of 229
* ↑ The Classic of mountains and seas. Translated by Anne Birrell. Penguin Classics. 1999. pp. 85–90.
* ↑ A Chinese bestiary: strange creatures from the guideways through mountains and seas. Translated by Richard E. Strassberg. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 2002. pp. 152–157.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ちん (chin)

## Korean
### Hanja

鴆 (eum 짐 (jim))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鴆: Hán Nôm readings: chũm, trấm, chậm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.