# 貿

| 貿 | U+8CBF, &#36031; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CBF |
| ← 貾 [U+8CBE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 賀 → [U+8CC0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

貿 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹月山金 (HHBUC), four-corner 7780$_6$, composition ⿱⿰𠂎刀貝)

#### Derived characters

* 橮, 𰹦, 𲅸, 鄮

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1207, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36721
* Dae Jaweon: page 1670, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3634, character 10
* Unihan data for U+8CBF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 卯 | *mruːʔ |
| 昴 | *mruːʔ |
| 泖 | *mruːʔ |
| 茆 | *mruːʔ, *m·ruʔ |
| 奅 | *m̥ʰruːs |
| 窌 | *m̥ʰruːs, *m·ruː, *m·rus |
| 聊 | *m·rɯːw |
| 貿 | *mlus |
| 鄮 | *mlus |
| 劉 | *m·ru |
| 留 | *m·ru, *m·rus |
| 蒥 | *m·ru |
| 鶹 | *m·ru |
| 騮 | *m·ru |
| 榴 | *m·ru |
| 瑠 | *ru |
| 瘤 | *m·ru, *m·rus |
| 遛 | *m·ru |
| 鎦 | *m·ru |
| 飀 | *m·ru |
| 鰡 | *m·ru |
| 嵧 | *m·ru |
| 餾 | *m·ru, *m·rus |
| 瀏 | *m·ru, *m·ruʔ |
| 懰 | *m·ru, *m·ruʔ |
| 柳 | *m·ruʔ |
| 珋 | *m·ruʔ |
| 罶 | *m·ruʔ |
| 嬼 | *m·ruʔ, *m·rus |
| 溜 | *m·rus |
| 霤 | *m·rus |
| 廇 | *m·rus |
| 塯 | *m·rus |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlus) : phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 貝 (“cowry”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mào (mao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mau$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): meu / méu
* Eastern Min (BUC): mâiu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bō͘ / mō͘ / biō / bāu / ba̍uh / pa̍uh
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mou$^3$ / mong$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$meu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mào
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mào
*** Wade–Giles: mao$^4$
*** Yale: màu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maw
*** Palladius: мао (mao)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mau$^6$
*** Yale: mauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: meo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐu̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: meu / méu
*** Hakka Romanization System: meu / meu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: meu$^4$ / meu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /meu̯⁵⁵/, /meu̯³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mâiu
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑu²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō͘
*** Tâi-lô: bōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bo
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bɔ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bɔ²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mō͘
*** Tâi-lô: mōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mo
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biō
*** Tâi-lô: biō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bioi
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bio⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bāu
*** Tâi-lô: bāu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bau
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bau²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bau³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ba̍uh
*** Tâi-lô: ba̍uh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bauh
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bauʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bauʔ¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pa̍uh
*** Tâi-lô: pa̍uh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pauh
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pauʔ²⁴/
* bō͘/mō͘/biō - literary;
* bāu/ba̍uh/pa̍uh - vernacular (“to undertake”).
* Middle Chinese: muwH
Rime :
| Character | 貿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫候切 |
| Baxter | muwH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /məu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /məu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /məu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /məw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /mu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /məu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mru-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mlus/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 貿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mào |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ muw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*mru-s/ |
| English | barter (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 貿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8879 |
| Phonetic component | 卯 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 茂 |
| Old Chinese | /*mlus/ |

### Definitions

貿
* commerce; trade; barter
* mixed
* rashly
* (Hokkien) to undertake (a job, project, etc.)

### Compounds

* 三角貿易／三角贸易
* 世貿中心／世贸中心
* 保護貿易／保护贸易
* 出口貿易／出口贸易
* 國營貿易／国营贸易
* 國貿／国贸 (guómào)
* 國貿局／国贸局
* 國際貿易／国际贸易 (guójì màoyì)
* 外貿／外贸 (wàimào)
* 外貿協會／外贸协会
* 多邊貿易／多边贸易
* 對外貿易／对外贸易 (duìwài màoyì)
* 對等貿易／对等贸易
* 抱布貿絲／抱布贸丝
* 沿岸貿易／沿岸贸易
* 無形貿易／无形贸易
* 直接貿易／直接贸易 (zhíjiē màoyì)
* 經貿／经贸 (jīngmào)
* 貿人／贸人 (Hokkien)
* 貿名／贸名
* 貿尾／贸尾 (Hokkien)
* 貿工／贸工 (Hokkien)
* 貿工課／贸工课 (Hokkien)
* 貿易／贸易 (màoyì)
* 貿易保護／贸易保护
* 貿易區／贸易区 (màoyìqū)
* 貿易協定／贸易协定
* 貿易商／贸易商
* 貿易差額／贸易差额
* 貿易收支／贸易收支
* 貿易網路／贸易网路
* 貿易赤字／贸易赤字 (màoyì chìzì)
* 貿易逆差／贸易逆差
* 貿易順差／贸易顺差 (màoyì shùnchā)
* 貿易額／贸易额
* 貿易風／贸易风 (màoyìfēng)
* 貿然／贸然 (màorán)
* 貿穡／贸穑 (Hokkien)
* 貿穡路／贸穑路 (Hokkien)
* 貿花／贸花 (Hokkien)
* 貿貨底／贸货底 (Hokkien)
* 貿貿／贸贸
* 貿頭／贸头 (Hokkien)
* 貿首／贸首
* 轉口貿易／转口贸易
* 進口貿易／进口贸易
* 遷貿／迁贸
* 間接貿易／间接贸易 (jiànjiē màoyì)
* 雙邊貿易／双边贸易

### References

* “Entry #9069”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: む (mu)、も (mo)
* Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
* Kun: あきなう (akinau, 貿う)、かえる (kaeru, 貿える)

#### Compounds

* 貿(ぼう)易(えき)摩(ま)擦(さつ) (bōeki masatsu)

## Korean
### Hanja

貿 (eumhun 무역할 무 (muyeokhal mu))
* hanja form of 무 (“trade, barter”)
* hanja form of 무 (“mixed”)
* hanja form of 무 (“rashly”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

貿: Hán Nôm readings: mậu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.