# 新鮮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xīnxiān
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): san$^1$ sin$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sîn-siên
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xin$^1$ xiên$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sin-sian / sin-sián
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xīnxiān → xīnxian (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧㄢ → ㄒㄧㄣ ˙ㄒㄧㄢ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sinsiån
*** Wade–Giles: hsin$^1$-hsien$^5$
*** Yale: syīn-syan
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin.shian
*** Palladius: синьсянь (sinʹsjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/ → /ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^1$ sin$^1$
*** Yale: sān sīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^1$ sin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^1$ xin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn⁵⁵ siːn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sîn-siên
*** Hakka Romanization System: xin$^ˊ$ xien$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xin$^1$ xian$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sin²⁴⁻¹¹ si̯en²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xin$^1$ xiên$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sin⁴⁴ siɛn⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin-sian
*** Tâi-lô: sin-sian
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sinsiefn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³ siɛn³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² siɛn⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin-sián
*** Tâi-lô: sin-sián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sinsiern
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² siɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³ siɛn⁵⁵⁴/

### Adjective

新鮮
* (of food, air, etc.) fresh
       Jīntiān de shūcài fēicháng xīnxiān. [Pinyin]
       Today's vegetables are very fresh.
    呼吸新鮮空氣／呼吸新鲜空气 ― hūxī xīnxiān kōngqì ― to breathe in fresh air
* (of an experience) new; novel
       Wǒ zài zhèlǐ jiēchù le zhème duō de xīnxiān shìwù, wǒ zhēnshì dàkāiyǎnjiè. [Pinyin]
       I have come into contact with so many new things here — it's been really eye-opening.
* brightly coloured
* rare; unusual; odd; strange

#### Synonyms

* (fresh):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 新鮮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 新鮮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 新鮮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 新鮮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 新鮮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 新鮮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 新鮮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 新新 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 新鮮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 新鮮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 新鮮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 新鮮 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 生鮮 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 新鮮 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 新鮮 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 新鮮 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 新新, 新鮮 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 新鮮 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 萋, 新鮮 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 萋, 新鮮 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 萋, 新鮮 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 萋, 新鮮 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 萋, 新鮮 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 萋 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鮮, 鮮尺 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鮮, 鮮尺, 鮮臊 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 鮮尺 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鮮, 鮮尺, 鮮臊 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 鮮 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 鮮 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鮮, 鮮尺 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鮮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 鮮, 鮮尺 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鮮尺 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 鮮, 新鮮 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 鮮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 鮮 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 新鮮 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 生鮮 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 新鮮 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 新鮮 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 新鮮, 鮮鮮 dated |
| Xiang | Loudi | 新新 |
* (new):
* 別致／别致 (biézhì)
* 新奇 (xīnqí)
* 新穎／新颖 (xīnyǐng)
* 穎異／颖异 (yǐngyì) (formal)
* 花花 (huāhuā) (dialectal)
* 跟尋常不同／跟寻常不同 (gēn xúncháng bùtóng)
* (brightly coloured): (Hokkien) 嫣頭／嫣头
* (rare):
* 少有 (shǎoyǒu)
* 少見／少见 (shǎojiàn)
* 惡得／恶得 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 生僻 (shēngpì)
* 稀有 (xīyǒu)
* 稀罕
* 罕得 (Hokkien)
* 罕時／罕时 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 罕見／罕见 (hǎnjiàn)
* 罕覯／罕觏 (hǎngòu)
* 罕討／罕讨 (Min Nan)
* 趁討／趁讨 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 難得／难得 (nándé) (usually of an opportunity)

#### Derived terms

* 新鮮事／新鲜事
* 新鮮人／新鲜人 (xīnxiānrén)
* 新鮮感／新鲜感 (xīnxiāngǎn)
* 新鮮血液／新鲜血液

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 新鮮(しんせん) (shinsen)
* → Korean: 신선(新鮮) (sinseon)

### Further reading

* “Entry #9588”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 新 | 鮮 |
| しん Grade: 2 | せん Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんせん [shìńséń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩɰ̃sẽ̞ɴ]

### Adjective

新(しん)鮮(せん) • (shinsen) -na (adnominal 新(しん)鮮(せん)な (shinsen na), adverbial 新(しん)鮮(せん)に (shinsen ni))
* fresh

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 新鮮だろ | しんせんだろ | shinsen daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 新鮮で | しんせんで | shinsen de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 新鮮だ | しんせんだ | shinsen da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 新鮮な | しんせんな | shinsen na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 新鮮なら | しんせんなら | shinsen nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 新鮮であれ | しんせんであれ | shinsen de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 新鮮ではない 新鮮じゃない | しんせんではない しんせんじゃない | shinsen de wa nai shinsen ja nai |
| Informal past | 新鮮だった | しんせんだった | shinsen datta |
| Informal negative past | 新鮮ではなかった 新鮮じゃなかった | しんせんではなかった しんせんじゃなかった | shinsen de wa nakatta shinsen ja nakatta |
| Formal | 新鮮です | しんせんです | shinsen desu |
| Formal negative | 新鮮ではありません 新鮮じゃありません | しんせんではありません しんせんじゃありません | shinsen de wa arimasen shinsen ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 新鮮でした | しんせんでした | shinsen deshita |
| Formal negative past | 新鮮ではありませんでした 新鮮じゃありませんでした | しんせんではありませんでした しんせんじゃありませんでした | shinsen de wa arimasen deshita shinsen ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 新鮮で | しんせんで | shinsen de |
| Conditional | 新鮮なら（ば） | しんせんなら（ば） | shinsen nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 新鮮だったら | しんせんだったら | shinsen dattara |
| Volitional | 新鮮だろう | しんせんだろう | shinsen darō |
| Adverbial | 新鮮に | しんせんに | shinsen ni |
| Degree | 新鮮さ | しんせんさ | shinsensa |

### Noun

新(しん)鮮(せん) • (shinsen)
* freshness

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN