# ⲑⲱϧ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲧⲱⳉ (tōx) — Akhmimic
* ⲑⲟϩ (thoh) — Bohairic
* ⲧⲟϩ (toh) — Fayyumic
* ⲧⲱϩ (tōh) — Sahidic

### Verb

ⲑⲱϧ • (thōx) (nominal state ⲑⲉϧ-, pronominal state ⲑⲁϧ⸗)
* (Bohairic, intransitive) to be mixed, be disturbed, be clouded
* (Bohairic, transitive) to mix, stir

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲑⲱϧ thōx | imperative | affirmative | ⲑⲱϧ thōx |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲱϧ štemthōx | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲑⲱϧ m̀perthōx |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲑⲱϧ tithōx | ⲕⲑⲱϧ kthōx | ⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ tethōx | ϥⲑⲱϧ fthōx | ⲥⲑⲱϧ sthōx | ⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ tenthōx | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ tetenthōx | ⲥⲉⲑⲱϧ sethōx | ⲑⲱϧ thōx |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲑⲱϧ eithōx | ⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ ekthōx | ⲉⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ erethōx | ⲉϥⲑⲱϧ efthōx | ⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ esthōx | ⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ enthōx | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ eretenthōx | ⲉⲩⲑⲱϧ euthōx | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ ere- thōx |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲑⲱϧ etithōx | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ etekthōx | ⲉⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ etethōx | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲑⲱϧ etefthōx | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ etesthōx | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etenthōx | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etetenthōx | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ etouthōx | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ ete- thōx |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ naithōx | ⲛⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ nakthōx | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ narethōx | ⲛⲁϥⲑⲱϧ nafthōx | ⲛⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ nasthōx | ⲛⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ nanthōx | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ naretenthōx | ⲛⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ nauthōx | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ nare- thōx |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ aithōx | ⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ akthōx | ⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ arethōx | ⲁϥⲑⲱϧ afthōx | ⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ asthōx | ⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ anthōx | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ aretenthōx | ⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ authōx | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ are- thōx |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ tinathōx | ⲭⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ khnathōx | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲑⲱϧ terathōx | ϥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ fnathōx | ⲥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ snathōx | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ tennathōx | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ tetennathōx | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ senathōx | ⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ nathōx |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ einathōx | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ ekhnathōx | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ erenathōx | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ efnathōx | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ esnathōx | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ ennathōx | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ eretennathōx | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ eunathōx | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ ere- nathōx |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etinathōx | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etekhnathōx | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etenathōx | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etefnathōx | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etesnathōx | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etennathōx | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etetennathōx | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etounathōx | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ ete- nathōx |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ nainathōx | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ nakhnathōx | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ narenathōx | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ nafnathōx | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ nasnathōx | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ nannathōx | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ naretennathōx | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ naunathōx | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ nare- nathōx |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ ainathōx | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ akhnathōx | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ arenathōx | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ afnathōx | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ asnathōx | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ annathōx | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ aretennathōx | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ aunathōx | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ are- nathōx |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ aithōx | ⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ akthōx | ⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ arethōx | ⲁϥⲑⲱϧ afthōx | ⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ asthōx | ⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ anthōx | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ atetenthōx | ⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ authōx | ⲁ- ⲑⲱϧ a- thōx |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲱϧ m̀pithōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ m̀pekthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲑⲱϧ m̀pethōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲑⲱϧ m̀pefthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ m̀pesthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ m̀penthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ m̀petenthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ m̀pouthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ m̀pe- thōx |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ eaithōx | ⲉⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ eakthōx | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ earethōx | ⲉⲁϥⲑⲱϧ eafthōx | ⲉⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ easthōx | ⲉⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ eanthōx | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ eatetenthōx | ⲉⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ eauthōx | ⲉⲁ- ⲑⲱϧ ea- thōx |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲱϧ em̀pithōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ em̀pekthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲑⲱϧ em̀pethōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲑⲱϧ em̀pefthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ em̀pesthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀penthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀petenthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ em̀pouthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ em̀pe- thōx |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ etaithōx | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ etakthōx | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ etarethōx | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲑⲱϧ etafthōx | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ etasthōx | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ etanthōx | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etaretenthōx | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ etauthōx | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲑⲱϧ eta- thōx |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲱϧ etm̀pithōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ etm̀pekthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲑⲱϧ etm̀pethōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲑⲱϧ etm̀pefthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ etm̀pesthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etm̀penthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etm̀petenthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ etm̀pouthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ etm̀pe- thōx |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ neaithōx | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ neakthōx | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ nearethōx | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲑⲱϧ neafthōx | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ neasthōx | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ neanthōx | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ neatetenthōx | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ neauthōx | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲑⲱϧ nea- thōx |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲱϧ nem̀pithōx | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ nem̀pekthōx | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲑⲱϧ nem̀pethōx | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲑⲱϧ nem̀pefthōx | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ nem̀pesthōx | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ nem̀penthōx | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ nem̀petenthōx | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ nem̀pouthōx | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ nem̀pe- thōx |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ etaithōx | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ etakthōx | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ etarethōx | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲑⲱϧ etafthōx | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ etasthōx | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ etanthōx | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etaretenthōx | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ etauthōx | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲑⲱϧ eta- thōx |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲑⲱϧ m̀patithōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ m̀patekthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ m̀patethōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲱϧ m̀patefthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ m̀patesthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ m̀patenthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ m̀patetenthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ m̀patouthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ m̀pate- thōx |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲑⲱϧ em̀patithōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ em̀patekthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ em̀patethōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲱϧ em̀patefthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ em̀patesthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀patenthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀patetenthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ em̀patouthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ em̀pate- thōx |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲑⲱϧ etm̀patithōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ etm̀patekthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ etm̀patethōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲱϧ etm̀patefthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ etm̀patesthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etm̀patenthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etm̀patetenthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ etm̀patouthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ etm̀pate- thōx |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲑⲱϧ nam̀patithōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ nam̀patekthōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ nam̀patethōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲱϧ nam̀patefthōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ nam̀patesthōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ nam̀patenthōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ nam̀patetenthōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ nam̀patouthōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ nam̀pate- thōx |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ šaithōx | ϣⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ šakthōx | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ šarethōx | ϣⲁϥⲑⲱϧ šafthōx | ϣⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ šasthōx | ϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ šanthōx | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ šatetenthōx | ϣⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ šauthōx | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ šare- thōx |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ m̀paithōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ m̀pakthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ m̀parethōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲑⲱϧ m̀pafthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ m̀pasthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ m̀panthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ m̀paretenthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ m̀pauthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ m̀pare- thōx |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ ešaithōx | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ ešakthōx | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ ešarethōx | ⲉϣⲁϥⲑⲱϧ ešafthōx | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ ešasthōx | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ ešanthōx | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ ešatetenthōx | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ ešauthōx | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ ešare- thōx |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ em̀paithōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ em̀pakthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ em̀parethōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲑⲱϧ em̀pafthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ em̀pasthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀panthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀paretenthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ em̀pauthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ em̀pare- thōx |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ etšaithōx | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ etšakthōx | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ etšarethōx | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲑⲱϧ etšafthōx | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ etšasthōx | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ etšanthōx | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etšatetenthōx | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ etšauthōx | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ etšare- thōx |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ etm̀paithōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ etm̀pakthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ etm̀parethōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲑⲱϧ etm̀pafthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ etm̀pasthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ etm̀panthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etm̀paretenthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ etm̀pauthōx | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ etm̀pare- thōx |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ našaithōx | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ našakthōx | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ našarethōx | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲑⲱϧ našafthōx | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ našasthōx | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ našanthōx | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ našatetenthōx | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ našauthōx | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ našare- thōx |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ nam̀paithōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ nam̀pakthōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ nam̀parethōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲑⲱϧ nam̀pafthōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ nam̀pasthōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ nam̀panthōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ nam̀paretenthōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ nam̀pauthōx | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ nam̀pare- thōx |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ em̀paithōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ em̀pakthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ em̀parethōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲑⲱϧ em̀pafthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ em̀pasthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀panthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀paretenthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ em̀pauthōx | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ em̀pare- thōx |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲑⲱϧ eiethōx | ⲉⲕⲉⲑⲱϧ ekethōx | ⲉⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ erethōx | ⲉϥⲉⲑⲱϧ efethōx | ⲉⲥⲉⲑⲱϧ esethōx | ⲉⲛⲉⲑⲱϧ enethōx | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲑⲱϧ eretenethōx | ⲉⲩⲉⲑⲱϧ euethōx | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ ere- thōx |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ ǹnathōx | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ ǹnekthōx | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲑⲱϧ ǹnethōx | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲑⲱϧ ǹnefthōx | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ ǹnesthōx | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ ǹnenthōx | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ ǹnetenthōx | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ ǹnouthōx | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ ǹne- thōx |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲑⲱϧ marithōx | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲑⲱϧ marefthōx | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ maresthōx | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ marenthōx | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ marouthōx | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ mare- thōx |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲑⲱϧ m̀penthrithōx | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲑⲱϧ m̀penthrefthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ m̀penthresthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ m̀penthrenthōx | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲑⲱϧ m̀penthreuthōx | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ m̀penthre- thōx |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲑⲱϧ ǹtathōx | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ ǹtekthōx | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ ǹtethōx | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲑⲱϧ ǹtefthōx | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ ǹtesthōx | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ ǹtenthōx | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ ǹtetenthōx | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲑⲱϧ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ ǹsethōx, ǹtouthōx | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ ǹte- thōx |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲑⲱϧ tarithōx | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ tarekthōx | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ tarethōx | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲑⲱϧ tarefthōx | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ taresthōx | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ tarenthōx | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ taretenthōx | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ tarouthōx | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ tare- thōx |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲑⲱϧ šatithōx | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ šatekthōx | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ šatethōx | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲱϧ šatefthōx | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ šatesthōx | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ šatenthōx | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ šatetenthōx | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ šatouthōx | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ šate- thōx |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ aišanthōx | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ akšanthōx | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ arešanthōx | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ afšanthōx | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ asšanthōx | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ anšanthōx | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ aretenšanthōx | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ aušanthōx | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲑⲱϧ arešan- thōx |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ aithōx | ⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ akthōx | ⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ arethōx | ⲁϥⲑⲱϧ afthōx | ⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ asthōx | ⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ anthōx | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ aretenthōx | ⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ authōx | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ are- thōx |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### Noun

ⲑⲱϧ • (thōx) m
* (Bohairic) mixture, disturbance

#### Related terms

* ⲁⲧⲑⲱϧ (atthōx, “unmixed, not confused”)
* ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉϥϯⲑⲱϧ (metreftithōx, “confusion, disturbance”)
* ⲑⲟϧⲧⲉϧ (thoxtex, “mix; mixture”)

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, pages 453, 454