OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# параван
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpaɾavan]

### Noun

параван • (paravan) m
* screen (furniture)
# 翼贊
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yìzàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ ㄗㄢˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yìzàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ㄗㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yìzàn
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$-tsan$^4$
*** Yale: yì-dzàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yihtzann
*** Palladius: ицзань (iczanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sän⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: yik tsanH
Rime :
| Character | 翼 | 贊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 與職切 | 則旰切 |
| Baxter | yik | tsanH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨk̚/ | /t͡sɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jɨk̚/ | /t͡sɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iek̚/ | /t͡sɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jik̚/ | /t͡san$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /iək̚/ | /t͡sɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭək̚/ | /t͡sɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯ək̚/ | /t͡sɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yì | zàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jik$^6$ | zaan$^3$ |

### Verb

翼贊
* (literary) to assist
# picotarão
## Portuguese
### Verb

picotarão
* third-person plural future indicative of picotar
# 杨贵妃
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 杨贵妃 – see 楊貴妃 (“Yang Guifei”). (This term is the simplified form of 楊貴妃).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# свирепствуем
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [svʲɪˈrʲepstvʊ(j)ɪm]

### Verb

свире́пствуем • (svirépstvujem)
* first-person plural present indicative imperfective of свире́пствовать (svirépstvovatʹ)
# ñañakama
## Quechua
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

ñañakama
* terminative singular of ñaña
# аттестаций
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐtʲɪˈstat͡sɨj]

### Noun

аттеста́ций • (attestácij) f inan pl
* genitive plural of аттеста́ция (attestácija)
# тросов
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtrosəf]

### Noun

тро́сов • (trósov) m inan pl
* genitive plural of трос (tros)
# перегибавши
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pʲɪrʲɪɡʲɪˈbafʂɨ]

### Participle

перегиба́вши • (peregibávši)
* past adverbial imperfective participle of перегиба́ть (peregibátʹ)
# 耳生
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ěrshēng
    (Zhuyin): ㄦˇ ㄕㄥ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ěrshēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄦˇ ㄕㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ěrsheng
*** Wade–Giles: êrh$^3$-shêng$^1$
*** Yale: ěr-shēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eelsheng
*** Palladius: эршэн (eršɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

### Adjective

耳生
* unfamiliar to the ear; strange-sounding

#### Antonyms

* 耳熟 (ěrshú)
# picotaríeis
## Portuguese
### Verb

picotaríeis
* second-person plural conditional of picotar
# 杨陵
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 杨陵 – see 楊陵 (“Yangling”). (This term is the simplified form of 楊陵).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# самиздат
## Russian
### Etymology

Abbreviation of самоизда́тельство (samoizdátelʹstvo), from само- (samo-, “self-”) +‎ изда́тельство (izdátelʹstvo, “publishing”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [səmɨzˈdat] (phonetic respelling: самызда́т)
* Rhymes: -at

### Noun

самизда́т • (samizdát) m inan (genitive самизда́та, nominative plural самизда́ты, genitive plural самизда́тов)
* (historical, Soviet Union) samizdat (underground publishing, a samizdat publication)
# írónő
## Hungarian
### Etymology

író +‎ nő

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈiːroːnøː]
* Hyphenation: író‧nő
* Rhymes: -nøː

### Noun

írónő (plural írónők)
* author (female), authoress

#### Declension
### Further reading

* írónő in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# аудирования
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐʊˈdʲirəvənʲɪjə]

### Noun

ауди́рования • (audírovanija) n inan or n inan pl
* inflection of ауди́рование (audírovanije):
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative plural
# тростка
## Russian
### Etymology

трость (trostʹ) +‎ -ка (-ka)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtrostkə]

### Noun

тро́стка • (tróstka) f inan (genitive тро́стки, nominative plural тро́стки, genitive plural тро́сток)
* endearing diminutive of трость (trostʹ, “cane, walking stick”)
    Synonym: (more common) тро́сточка (tróstočka)

#### Related terms

* трость (trostʹ)
# 标图
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 标图 – see 標圖 (“mark on a chart; mark on a map”). (This term is the simplified form of 標圖).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 标底
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 标底 – see 標底 (“bottom price of a bid”). (This term is the simplified form of 標底).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 毘沙門
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 毘 | 沙 | 門 |
| び Jinmeiyō | しゃ Grade: S | もん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bʲiɕa̠mõ̞ɴ]

### Proper noun

毘(び)沙(しゃ)門(もん) • (Bishamon)
* (Shinto) Bishamonten, Japanese name for the Hindu god Vaiśravaṇa
    Synonyms: 毘沙門天 (Bishamonten), 多聞天 (Tamonten)

#### Usage notes

Bishamonten is the god of warfare and warriors, and punisher of evildoers. One of the seven gods of luck.

#### Related terms

* 福禄寿 (Fukurokuju): god of happiness, wealth and longevity.
* 大黒 / 大黒天 (Daikoku / Daikokuten): the god of wealth, commerce and trade. Ebisu and Daikoku are often paired and represented as carvings or masks on the walls of small retail shops.
* 寿老人 (Jurōjin): the god of longevity.
* 恵比須 / 恵比寿 / 夷 / 戎 (Ebisu): god of fishers or merchants, often depicted carrying a sea bream.
* 布袋 (Hotei): the fat and happy god of abundance and good health.
* 弁才天 / 弁財天 (べんざいてん, Benzaiten): The Japanese name for the Hindu goddess Saraswati. The goddess of knowledge, art, beauty, music, language, wisdom, poetry and rivers.
* 吉祥天 (Kitsushōten): the goddess of happiness, charm and beauty, of fertility, nature, and of human creativity, and the patronesses of joy, amusement and festivities.

### See also

* 毘沙門 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{ja}$
* Bishamonten on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# 橴

| 橴 | U+6A74, &#27252; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A74 |
| ← 橳 [U+6A73] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 橵 → [U+6A75] |

## Translingual
### Han character

橴 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 木卜心火 (DYPF), composition ⿰木紫)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 551, character 18
* Dae Jaweon: page 945, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 2, page 1279, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6A74

## Korean
### Hanja

橴 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
* place name
# 橱屉
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 橱屉 – see 櫥屜 (“drawer”). (This term is the simplified form of 櫥屜).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 樽颈
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 樽颈 – see 樽頸 (“bottleneck”). (This term is the simplified form of 樽頸).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 歯磨き
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 歯 | 磨 |
| は Grade: 3 | みが Grade: S |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 齒磨き (kyūjitai)

### Alternative forms

* 歯磨

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はみがき [hàmíꜜgàkì] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ha̠mʲiɡa̠kʲi]

### Noun

歯(は)磨(みが)き • (hamigaki)
* toothpaste (paste for cleaning the teeth)
* dental brushing, brushing (one's) teeth

#### Synonyms

(toothpaste):
* 練(ね)り歯(は)磨(みが)き (nerihamigaki)
* 歯磨剤(しまざい) (shimazai)
* 歯磨(はみが)き粉(こ) (hamigakiko)

### Verb

歯(は)磨(みが)きする • (hamigaki suru) suru (stem 歯(は)磨(みが)きし (hamigaki shi), past 歯(は)磨(みが)きした (hamigaki shita))
* to brush (one's) teeth

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 歯磨きし | はみがきし | hamigaki shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 歯磨きし | はみがきし | hamigaki shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 歯磨きする | はみがきする | hamigaki suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 歯磨きする | はみがきする | hamigaki suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 歯磨きすれ | はみがきすれ | hamigaki sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 歯磨きせよ¹ 歯磨きしろ² | はみがきせよ¹ はみがきしろ² | hamigaki seyo¹ hamigaki shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 歯磨きされる | はみがきされる | hamigaki sareru |
| Causative | 歯磨きさせる 歯磨きさす | はみがきさせる はみがきさす | hamigaki saseru hamigaki sasu |
| Potential | 歯磨きできる | はみがきできる | hamigaki dekiru |
| Volitional | 歯磨きしよう | はみがきしよう | hamigaki shiyō |
| Negative | 歯磨きしない | はみがきしない | hamigaki shinai |
| Negative continuative | 歯磨きせず | はみがきせず | hamigaki sezu |
| Formal | 歯磨きします | はみがきします | hamigaki shimasu |
| Perfective | 歯磨きした | はみがきした | hamigaki shita |
| Conjunctive | 歯磨きして | はみがきして | hamigaki shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 歯磨きすれば | はみがきすれば | hamigaki sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 歸罪
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guīzuì
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟ ㄗㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai$^1$ zeoi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guīzuì
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟ ㄗㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gueizuèi
*** Wade–Giles: kuei$^1$-tsui$^4$
*** Yale: gwēi-dzwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gueitzuey
*** Palladius: гуйцзуй (gujczuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwai$^1$ zeoi$^6$
*** Yale: gwāi jeuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwai$^1$ dzoey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guei$^1$ zêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɵy̯²²/

### Verb

歸罪
* to blame; to put the blame upon
* (literary) to admit guilt

#### Synonyms

* (to blame):
* 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
* 叱罵／叱骂 (chìmà)
* 叱責／叱责 (chìzé)
* 吆喝 (colloquial)
* 呲 (cī)
* 呲兒／呲儿 (cīr)
* 呵叱 (hēchì)
* 呼喝 (hūhè) (literary)
* 呲打 (cīda) (Northeastern Mandarin)
* 呵斥 (hēchì)
* 呵責／呵责 (hēzé) (literary)
* 喝叱
* 嗔怪 (chēnguài) (literary)
* 嗔著／嗔着 (chēnzhe) (colloquial)
* 怒 (nù) (Classical Chinese)
* 怪 (guài)
* 怨怪 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 怪罪 (guàizuì)
* 批評／批评 (pīpíng)
* 指摘 (zhǐzhāi)
* 指斥 (zhǐchì)
* 指責／指责 (zhǐzé)
* 指點／指点 (zhǐdiǎn)
* 捋 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 摘 (literary, or in compounds)
* 撻伐／挞伐 (tàfá) (literary, figurative)
* 數落／数落 (shǔluo) (informal)
* 數說／数说 (shǔshuō)
* 斥斥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 斥罵／斥骂 (chìmà)
* 斥責／斥责 (chìzé)
* 歸咎／归咎 (guījiù)
* 派
* 激勵／激励 (jīlì) (literary)
* 熊 (xióng) (colloquial)
* 申斥 (shēnchì)
* 痛罵／痛骂 (tòngmà)
* 聲討／声讨 (shēngtǎo)
* 訓／训 (xùn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 訓斥／训斥 (xùnchì)
* 詬病／诟病 (gòubìng) (literary)
* 說／说
* 說話／说话 (shuōhuà)
* 謗議／谤议 (bàngyì) (literary)
* 譴責／谴责 (qiǎnzé)
* 責備／责备 (zébèi)
* 責怪／责怪 (zéguài)
* 責罵／责骂 (zémà)
* 責難／责难 (zénàn)
* 貶斥／贬斥 (biǎnchì) (literary)
* 貶責／贬责 (biǎnzé)
* 賴／赖 (lài)
* 非議／非议 (fēiyì)
* 非難／非难 (fēinàn)
* 體斥／体斥 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* (to admit guilt):
* 伏罪 (fúzuì)
* 服罪 (fúzuì)
* 認罪／认罪 (rènzuì)
# 歸綏
## Chinese

* 歸綏

### Etymology

As the name of the city now called Hohhot, from 歸化／归化 (Guīhuà) + 綏遠／绥远 (Suíyuǎn), the names of the two towns that merged to form Guisui in 1913.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Guīsuí, Guīsuī
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟ ㄙㄨㄟˊ, ㄍㄨㄟ ㄙㄨㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai$^1$ seoi$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Guīsuí
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟ ㄙㄨㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Gueisuéi
*** Wade–Giles: Kuei$^1$-sui$^2$
*** Yale: Gwēi-swéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Gueiswei
*** Palladius: Гуйсуй (Gujsuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Guīsuī
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟ ㄙㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Gueisuei
*** Wade–Giles: Kuei$^1$-sui$^1$
*** Yale: Gwēi-swēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Gueisuei
*** Palladius: Гуйсуй (Gujsuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwai$^1$ seoi$^1$
*** Yale: gwāi sēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwai$^1$ soey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guei$^1$ sêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ sɵy̯⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

歸綏
* (～縣, ～市) Guisui (a former county and city in Suiyuan province, China; now Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China)

#### Synonyms

* 呼和浩特 (Hūhéhàotè)
# 歸納法
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guīnàfǎ
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟ ㄋㄚˋ ㄈㄚˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai$^1$ naap$^6$ faat$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kui-la̍p-hoat
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guīnàfǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟ ㄋㄚˋ ㄈㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gueinàfǎ
*** Wade–Giles: kuei$^1$-na$^4$-fa$^3$
*** Yale: gwēi-nà-fǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gueinahfaa
*** Palladius: гуйнафа (gujnafa)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwai$^1$ naap$^6$ faat$^3$
*** Yale: gwāi naahp faat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwai$^1$ naap$^9$ faat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guei$^1$ nab$^6$ fad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ naːp̚² faːt̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kui-la̍p-hoat
*** Tâi-lô: kui-la̍p-huat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kuilabhoad
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kui⁴⁴⁻²² lap̚⁴⁻³² huat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kui³³ lap̚²⁴⁻² huat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kui⁴⁴⁻²² lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ huat̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kui⁴⁴⁻³³ lap̚⁴⁻³² huat̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kui⁴⁴⁻³³ lap̚⁴⁻³² huat̚³²/

### Noun

歸納法
* (logic, mathematics) inductive reasoning

#### Derived terms

* 數學歸納法／数学归纳法 (shùxué guīnàfǎ)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 歸 | 納 | 法 |
| き Hyōgai | のう Grade: 6 | ほう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | goon | kan'on |
For pronunciation and definitions of 歸納法 – see the following entry. :
| 【帰納法きのうほう】 | [noun] (logic) inductive reasoning |
(This term, 歸納法, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 歸 | 納 | 法 |

### Noun

歸納法 • (gwinapbeop) (hangeul 귀납법)
* hanja form of 귀납법
# 歇氣
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiēqì
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝ ㄑㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hit$^3$ hei$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiēqì
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝ ㄑㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siecì
*** Wade–Giles: hsieh$^1$-chʻi$^4$
*** Yale: syē-chì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiechih
*** Palladius: сеци (seci)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hit$^3$ hei$^3$
*** Yale: hit hei
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hit$^8$ hei$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hid$^3$ héi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiːt̚³ hei̯³³/

### Verb

歇氣
* to take a breather; to catch one's breath

#### Synonyms

* 休息
* 休憩 (xiūqì) (literary)
* 停歇 (tíngxiē)
* 停睏／停困 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 喘氣／喘气 (chuǎnqì) (to take a breather)
* 安息 (ānxī)
* 憩息 (qìxī) (literary)
* 放尞 (Taiwanese Hakka)
* 敨 (tau$^2$) (Cantonese, Hakka)
* 歇 (xiē)
* 歇喘 (Hokkien, to take a breather)
* 歇息 (xiēxi)
* 歇𤺪 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 歇睏／歇困 (Hakka, Hokkien)
# 柴角
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhâ-kak
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhâ-kak
*** Tâi-lô: tshâ-kak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zha'kag
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰa²⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰa¹³⁻²² kak̚³²/

### Noun

柴角
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) small wooden block
# 柴赛
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 柴赛 – see 柴賽 (“International Tchaikovsky Competition”). (This term is the simplified form of 柴賽).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 沖沖
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chōngchōng
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ ㄔㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cung$^1$ cung$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chōngchōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ ㄔㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chongchong
*** Wade–Giles: chʻung$^1$-chʻung$^1$
*** Yale: chūng-chūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chongchong
*** Palladius: чунчун (čunčun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$忡忡 憧憧 衝衝／冲冲
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cung$^1$ cung$^1$
*** Yale: chūng chūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsung$^1$ tsung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cung$^1$ cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: drjuwng drjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 沖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直弓切 |
| Baxter | drjuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭuŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ruŋ [d]ruŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*duŋ duŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 沖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drjuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ruŋ/ |
| English | sound of cutting ice |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 沖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17416 |
| Phonetic component | 中 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蟲 |
| Old Chinese | /*duŋ/ |

### Adjective

沖沖
* (ideophonic) excited; in high spirits; (of emotions) running high
* (literary, ideophonic) hanging; drooping
* (literary, ideophonic) Alternative form of 忡忡 (chōngchōng)

#### Synonyms

* (excited):
* 抖擻／抖擞 (dǒusǒu) (literary)
* 振作 (zhènzuò)
* 振奮／振奋 (zhènfèn)
* 興沖沖／兴冲冲 (xìngchōngchōng)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “excited”):
* 不振 (bùzhèn)

#### Derived terms

* 喜沖沖／喜冲冲
* 怒氣沖沖／怒气冲冲
* 急沖沖／急冲冲
* 怒沖沖／怒冲冲
* 氣沖沖／气冲冲 (qìchōngchōng)
* 火沖沖／火冲冲
* 興沖沖／兴冲冲 (xìngchōngchōng)

### Noun

沖沖
* (literary, onomatopoeia) sound of chiseling ice
# 決定論
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): juédìnglùn
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kyut$^3$ ding$^6$ leon$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: juédìnglùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyuédìnglùn
*** Wade–Giles: chüeh$^2$-ting$^4$-lun$^4$
*** Yale: jywé-dìng-lwùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyuedinqluenn
*** Palladius: цзюэдинлунь (czjuedinlunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kyut$^3$ ding$^6$ leon$^6$
*** Yale: kyut dihng leuhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kyt$^8$ ding$^6$ loen$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: küd$^3$ ding$^6$ lên$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰyːt̚³ tɪŋ²² lɵn²²/

### Noun

決定論
* determinism

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 決 | 定 | 論 |

### Noun

決定論 • (gyeoljeongnon) (hangeul 결정론)
* hanja form of 결정론 (“(philosophy, ethics) determinism”)
# 洲男
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 洲 | 男 |
| やす Jinmeiyō | お Grade: 1 |

### Proper noun

洲(やす)男(お) • (Yasuo)
* a male given name
# 洋镐
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 洋镐 – see 洋鎬 (“pickaxe; pick”). (This term is the simplified form of 洋鎬).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 浮足立つ
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 浮 | 足 | 立 |
| う(き) Grade: S | あし Grade: 1 | た > だ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |||
For pronunciation and definitions of 浮足立つ – see the following entry. :
| 【うきあしだつ】 | [verb] to be uncertain and waver Alternative spelling 浮き足立つ |
(This term, 浮足立つ, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# 浮遊
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 浮遊 – see 浮游 (“to float; to swim; to drift about; to wander around; to roam; etc.”). (This term is a variant traditional form of 浮游).

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 浮 | 遊 |
| ふ Grade: S | ゆう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 浮游

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふゆう [fùyúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟jɯ̟ː]

### Noun

浮(ふ)遊(ゆう) • (fuyū)
* floatation (in air or water)
* wandering

### Verb

浮(ふ)遊(ゆう)する • (fuyū suru) suru (stem 浮(ふ)遊(ゆう)し (fuyū shi), past 浮(ふ)遊(ゆう)した (fuyū shita))
* to float
* to wander

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 浮遊し | ふゆうし | fuyū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 浮遊し | ふゆうし | fuyū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 浮遊する | ふゆうする | fuyū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 浮遊する | ふゆうする | fuyū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 浮遊すれ | ふゆうすれ | fuyū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 浮遊せよ¹ 浮遊しろ² | ふゆうせよ¹ ふゆうしろ² | fuyū seyo¹ fuyū shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 浮遊される | ふゆうされる | fuyū sareru |
| Causative | 浮遊させる 浮遊さす | ふゆうさせる ふゆうさす | fuyū saseru fuyū sasu |
| Potential | 浮遊できる | ふゆうできる | fuyū dekiru |
| Volitional | 浮遊しよう | ふゆうしよう | fuyū shiyō |
| Negative | 浮遊しない | ふゆうしない | fuyū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 浮遊せず | ふゆうせず | fuyū sezu |
| Formal | 浮遊します | ふゆうします | fuyū shimasu |
| Perfective | 浮遊した | ふゆうした | fuyū shita |
| Conjunctive | 浮遊して | ふゆうして | fuyū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 浮遊すれば | ふゆうすれば | fuyū sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 浮躁
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fúzào
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄗㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fau$^4$ cou$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fúzào
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄗㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fúzào
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^2$-tsao$^4$
*** Yale: fú-dzàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwutzaw
*** Palladius: фуцзао (fuczao)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu³⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fau$^4$ cou$^3$
*** Yale: fàuh chou
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fau$^4$ tsou$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: feo$^4$ cou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐu̯²¹ t͡sʰou̯³³/

### Adjective

浮躁
* impatient; restless; impulsive; impetuous; flippant
    浮躁的時代／浮躁的时代 ― fúzào de shídài ― restless times

#### Synonyms

* 卞急 (biànjí) (literary)
* 急躁 (jízào)
* 易怒 (yìnù)
* 暴躁 (bàozào)
* 暴逼 (bao$^6$ bêg$^4$) (Teochew)
* 毛躁 (máozào)
* 火爆 (huǒbào)
* 焦躁 (jiāozào)
* 煩躁／烦躁 (fánzào)
* 躁粕 (Hokkien)
* 逼側／逼侧 (bêg$^4$ cêg$^4$) (Teochew)

#### Derived terms

* 暴虐浮躁
* 飛揚浮躁／飞扬浮躁
# 浮遊霊
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 浮 | 遊 | 霊 |
| ふ Grade: S | ゆう Grade: 3 | れい Grade: S |
| on'yomi |||
* Alternative spelling
* 浮遊靈 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

From 浮遊(ふゆう) (fuyū) + 霊(れい) (rei).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɸɯ̟jɯ̟ːɾe̞ː]

### Noun

浮(ふ)遊(ゆう)霊(れい) • (fuyūrei)
* wandering spirit (ghost)

#### See also

* 地縛霊(じばくれい) (jibakurei)