# 命中
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mìngzhòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ming$^6$ zung$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bēng-tiòng / miā-tiong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mìngzhòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mìngjhòng
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^4$-chung$^4$
*** Yale: mìng-jùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minqjonq
*** Palladius: минчжун (minčžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ming$^6$ zung$^3$
*** Yale: mihng jung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ming$^6$ dzung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ming$^6$ zung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɪŋ²² t͡sʊŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bēng-tiòng
*** Tâi-lô: bīng-tiòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bexngdioxng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tiɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: miā-tiong
*** Tâi-lô: miā-tiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: miaxdiofng
*** IPA (Taipei): /miã³³⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /miã³³⁻²¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: mjaengH trjuwngH
Rime :
| Character | 命 | 中 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 眉病切 | 陟仲切 |
| Baxter | mjaengH | trjuwngH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠiæŋ$^H$/ | /ʈɨuŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚiaŋ$^H$/ | /ʈiuŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miaŋ$^H$/ | /ȶiuŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /miajŋ$^H$/ | /ʈuwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /miɐŋ$^H$/ | /ȶiuŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭɐŋ$^H$/ | /ȶĭuŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯ɐŋ$^H$/ | /ȶi̯uŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mìng | zhòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ming$^6$ | zung$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-riŋ-s truŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mreŋs tuŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 命 | 中 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mìng | zhòng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjæng$^H$ › | ‹ trjuwng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-riŋ-s/ (dialect: *m-r- > *mr-, *-iŋ> *-eŋ) | /*truŋ-s/ |
| English | command (n.) | hit the center |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 命 | 中 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| No. | 8275 | 17410 |
| Phonetic component | 令 | 中 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 命 | 中 |
| Old Chinese | /*mreŋs/ | /*tuŋs/ |
| Notes | 令轉註字 | |

### Verb

命中
* to hit a target
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Lì è hǔ, shè mìngzhōng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* 打中 (dǎzhòng)
* 射中 (shèzhòng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 命(めい)中(ちゅう) (meichū)
* → Korean: 명중(命中) (myeongjung)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 命 | 中 |
| めい Grade: 3 | ちゅう Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

命(めい)中(ちゅう) • (meichū)
* a direct hit, bull's eye

### Verb

命(めい)中(ちゅう)する • (meichū suru) suru (stem 命(めい)中(ちゅう)し (meichū shi), past 命(めい)中(ちゅう)した (meichū shita))
* make a direct hit

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 命中し | めいちゅうし | meichū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 命中し | めいちゅうし | meichū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 命中する | めいちゅうする | meichū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 命中する | めいちゅうする | meichū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 命中すれ | めいちゅうすれ | meichū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 命中せよ¹ 命中しろ² | めいちゅうせよ¹ めいちゅうしろ² | meichū seyo¹ meichū shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 命中される | めいちゅうされる | meichū sareru |
| Causative | 命中させる 命中さす | めいちゅうさせる めいちゅうさす | meichū saseru meichū sasu |
| Potential | 命中できる | めいちゅうできる | meichū dekiru |
| Volitional | 命中しよう | めいちゅうしよう | meichū shiyō |
| Negative | 命中しない | めいちゅうしない | meichū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 命中せず | めいちゅうせず | meichū sezu |
| Formal | 命中します | めいちゅうします | meichū shimasu |
| Perfective | 命中した | めいちゅうした | meichū shita |
| Conjunctive | 命中して | めいちゅうして | meichū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 命中すれば | めいちゅうすれば | meichū sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||