# 橄

| 橄 | U+6A44, &#27204; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A44 |
| ← 橃 [U+6A43] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 橅 → [U+6A45] |

## Translingual
### Han character

橄 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木一十大 (DMJK) or 木弓十大 (DNJK), four-corner 4894$_0$, composition ⿰木敢)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 552, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15512
* Dae Jaweon: page 941, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1285, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6A44

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 撖 | *kʰɯːm, *kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ |
| 澉 | *l̥ʰaːms, *klaːmʔ |
| 噉 | *l'aːmʔ |
| 敢 | *klaːmʔ |
| 橄 | *klaːmʔ |
| 瞰 | *kʰlaːms |
| 闞 | *kʰlaːms, *qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms |
| 憨 | *qʰaːm, *qʰlaːms |
| 譀 | *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb |
| 巖 | *ŋraːm |
| 礹 | *ŋraːm, *ŋamʔ |
| 豃 | *qʰraːmʔ |
| 讝 | *kjam |
| 玁 | *hŋramʔ |
| 嚴 | *ŋam |
| 儼 | *ŋamʔ |
| 曮 | *ŋamʔ |
| 釅 | *ŋams |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːmʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǎn (gan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam$^3$ / gam$^2$ / gam$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ká / kám
* Jin (Wiktionary): gan$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gā / gāng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kám / kaⁿ / kan / káⁿ / kán
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gan$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ke
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǎn
*** Wade–Giles: kan$^3$
*** Yale: gǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaan
*** Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kän²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaam$^3$ / gam$^2$ / gam$^3$
*** Yale: gaam / gám / gam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaam$^3$ / gam$^2$ / gam$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gam$^3$ / gem$^2$ / gem$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːm³³/, /kɐm³⁵/, /kɐm³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ká / kám
*** Hakka Romanization System: ga$^ˋ$ / gam$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ga$^3$ / gam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ka³¹/, /kam³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: gan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kæ̃⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gā / gāng
*** Sinological IPA : /ka³³/, /kaŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám
*** Tâi-lô: kám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: karm
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kam⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Kinmen, Magong, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kvaf
*** IPA (Kinmen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kã³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Lukang, Hsinchu, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan
*** Tâi-lô: kan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafn
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Lukang): /kan³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kánn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kvar
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kã⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kán
*** Tâi-lô: kán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: karn
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁵³/
* kám - literary;
* kaⁿ/kan/káⁿ/kán - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: kamX
Rime :
| Character | 橄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古覽切 |
| Baxter | kamX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑm$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kɑm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gam$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*klaːmʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 橄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3675 |
| Phonetic component | 敢 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 敢 |
| Old Chinese | /*klaːmʔ/ |

### Definitions

橄
* Only used in 橄欖／橄榄.

### Compounds

* 橄欖／橄榄 (gǎnlǎn)
* 黑橄欖／黑橄榄 (hēigǎnlǎn)

### References

* (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: かん (kan)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)

## Korean
### Hanja

橄 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Tày
### Noun

橄 (cạm)
* Nôm form of cạm (“obstacle”).
    欥坚低伩󰯙媒坎橄Hất kin đây giò vỏ mòi khảm gạm(please add an English translation of this usage example)

### References

* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Vietnamese
### Han character

橄: Hán Nôm readings: cạm, cảm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.