# 先行
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiānxíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sin$^1$ haang$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siên-hàng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sian-hêng / suiⁿ-kiâⁿ / seng-kiâⁿ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiānxíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siansíng
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^1$-hsing$^2$
*** Yale: syān-syíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shianshyng
*** Palladius: сяньсин (sjanʹsin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sin$^1$ haang$^4$
*** Yale: sīn hàahng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sin$^1$ haang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xin$^1$ hang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːn⁵⁵ haːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siên-hàng
*** Hakka Romanization System: xien$^ˊ$ hang$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xian$^1$ hang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯en²⁴ haŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sian-hêng
*** Tâi-lô: sian-hîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sienheeng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn³³ hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: suiⁿ-kiâⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: suinn-kiânn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svui'kviaa
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suĩ³³ kiã²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng-kiâⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: sing-kiânn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sengkviaa
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiã²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiã²⁴/
* sian-hêng - literary;
* suiⁿ-kiâⁿ/seng-kiâⁿ - vernacular (to go ahead).

### Verb

先行
* to advance; to move forward
* to go ahead of the rest; to start off before the others

### Adjective

先行
* advance; ahead of the rest

### Adverb

先行
* (literary) before; previously
* (Can we verify this sense?) in advance; beforehand

#### Synonyms

* (before):
* 上早 (Hakka)
* 以前 (yǐqián)
* 先前 (xiānqián)
* 其先 (qíxiān) (literary)
* 前往 (qiánwǎng) (literary)
* 原在 (Hakka)
* 古者 (gǔzhě) (archaic)
* 向來／向来 (xiànglái) (archaic)
* 嘗／尝 (cháng) (literary, or used in compounds)
* 在前 (zàiqián)
* 家先 (Hakka)
* 往擺／往摆 (Hakka, Hokkien)
* 往擺仔／往摆仔 (Hokkien)
* 往者 (wǎngzhě) (literary)
* 往過／往过 (Hokkien)
* 往過仔／往过仔 (Hokkien)
* 從前／从前 (cóngqián)
* 早先 (zǎoxiān)
* 早年所 (Hokkien)
* 早時／早时 (Hokkien)
* 昔日 (xīrì) (literary)
* 昔時／昔时 (xīshí) (literary)
* 曾
* 曾經／曾经 (céngjīng)
* 當初／当初 (dāngchū)
* 舊擺／旧摆 (Singapore Hokkien)
* 舊早／旧早 (Singapore Hokkien)
* 過前／过前 (Hainanese)

### Noun

先行
* Short for 先行官 (xiānxíngguān, “commander of an advance unit”).

### Derived terms

* 先行官 (xiānxíngguān)
* 先行者 (xiānxíngzhě)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 先 | 行 |
| さき Grade: 1 | ゆ(き) Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 先行き
Kanji in this term :
| 先 | 行 |
| さき Grade: 1 | い(き) Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 先行き
Compound of 先 (saki, “point, tip; the front, the forward direction; the future”) +‎ 行き (yuki, “going”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 行く (yuku, “to go”), alternative reading for iku).
The sakiyuki reading is first cited to a text from 1678.
Less commonly encountered with the reading sakiiki, using the standard iki reading for the second half. This variant is first cited to a text from 1686.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さきゆき [sàkíyúkí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sa̠kʲijɯ̟kʲi]
* (Tokyo) さきいき [sàkííkí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sa̠kʲiːkʲi]

#### Noun

先(さき)行(ゆき) or 先(さき)行(いき) • (sakiyuki or sakiiki)
* [???] the first, the vanguard, the state of going out in front
* [from 1678] the future, prospects
* [from 1881] (finance) anticipated future movement in market prices

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 先 | 行 |
| せん Grade: 1 | こう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 先行 (MC sen haeng, literally “preceding + to go”).
First cited to a text from 833.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せんこー [sèńkóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sẽ̞ŋko̞ː]

#### Noun

先(せん)行(こう) • (senkō)
* preceding thing
    先(せん)行(こう)予(よ)約(やく)受(うけ)付(つけ)中(ちゅう)
       senkō yoyaku uketsukechū
       Pre-orders are being accepted.
       (literally, “Currently receiving preceding reservations.”)
* a lead, a pioneer
* something done prior to something else

##### Derived terms

* 先行権 (senkōken, “right of way”, in traffic)
* 先行詞 (senkōshi, “antecedent”, in grammar)

#### Verb

先(せん)行(こう)する • (senkō suru) suru (stem 先(せん)行(こう)し (senkō shi), past 先(せん)行(こう)した (senkō shita))
* [from 833] to go ahead of, to go in front of, to go first
    Synonym: 前行 (zenkō)
* [from 1887] to lead, to show the way
    Synonym: 導く (michibiku)
* [from 1928] to do something ahead of something else
    Synonym: 前行 (zenkō)

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 先行し | せんこうし | senkō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 先行し | せんこうし | senkō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 先行する | せんこうする | senkō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 先行する | せんこうする | senkō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 先行すれ | せんこうすれ | senkō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 先行せよ¹ 先行しろ² | せんこうせよ¹ せんこうしろ² | senkō seyo¹ senkō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 先行される | せんこうされる | senkō sareru |
| Causative | 先行させる 先行さす | せんこうさせる せんこうさす | senkō saseru senkō sasu |
| Potential | 先行できる | せんこうできる | senkō dekiru |
| Volitional | 先行しよう | せんこうしよう | senkō shiyō |
| Negative | 先行しない | せんこうしない | senkō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 先行せず | せんこうせず | senkō sezu |
| Formal | 先行します | せんこうします | senkō shimasu |
| Perfective | 先行した | せんこうした | senkō shita |
| Conjunctive | 先行して | せんこうして | senkō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 先行すれば | せんこうすれば | senkō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.