# 面子
## Chinese
### Etymology 1

* 面子 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Face (social concept) (English)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): miànzi
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˋ ˙ㄗ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): min$^6$ zi$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mien-chṳ́
* Eastern Min (BUC): méng-cṳ̄
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bīn-chú / bīn-chír / bīn-chí / biān-chú / biān-chír
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: miànzi
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˋ ˙ㄗ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: miànzi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: mien$^4$-tzŭ$^5$
*** Yale: myàn-dz
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miann.tzy
*** Palladius: мяньцзы (mjanʹczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛn⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: min$^6$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: mihn jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: min$^6$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: min$^6$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːn²² t͡siː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mien-chṳ́
*** Hakka Romanization System: mien zii$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mian$^4$ zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi̯en⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: méng-cṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒy³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bīn-chú
*** Tâi-lô: bīn-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bixnzuo
*** IPA (Philippines): /bin⁴¹⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bin³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bin²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bin³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bīn-chír
*** Tâi-lô: bīn-tsír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bin⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bīn-chí
*** Tâi-lô: bīn-tsí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bixncie
*** IPA (Philippines): /bin⁴¹⁻²² t͡si⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biān-chú
*** Tâi-lô: biān-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biexnzuo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɛn³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /biɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biān-chír
*** Tâi-lô: biān-tsír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

#### Noun

面子
* outer part; outside; face
* reputation; face; self-respect
    愛面子／爱面子 ― ài miànzǐ ― to be sensitive about one's reputation
    挽回面子 ― wǎnhuí miànzi ― to save face
* feelings; sensibilities
    給他留面子／给他留面子 ― gěi tā liú miànzǐ ― to spare his feelings

##### Synonyms

* (outer part): 面兒／面儿 (miànr), 一層／一层 (yīcéng)
* (reputation):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 面目, 面子, 體面, 顏面, 臉面, 臉子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 面子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 臉, 面子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 面子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 面子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 面, 面子 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 面子, 面皮 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 面皮 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 面皮 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 面, 面皮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 面, 面皮 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 面, 面子, 面皮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 面皮 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 面子 |
* (feelings): 臉皮／脸皮 (liǎnpí), 人情 (rénqíng), 情面 (qíngmiàn)

##### Derived terms

* 丟面子／丢面子 (diū miànzi)
* 做面子
* 光面子
* 夠面子／够面子
* 平面子
* 愛面子／爱面子 (ài miànzi)
* 找面子
* 擦面子
* 爭面子／争面子 (zhēng miànzi)
* 留面子
* 礙面子／碍面子 (ài miànzi)
* 給面子／给面子 (gěi miànzi)
* 老面子
* 要面子
* 講面子／讲面子
* 賣面子／卖面子
* 賞面子／赏面子
* 面子上
* 面子上的人
* 面子上的差使
* 面子上的話／面子上的话
* 面子工程 (miànzǐ gōngchéng)
* 面子情兒／面子情儿
* 面子話／面子话
* 顧面子／顾面子
* 駁面子／驳面子 (bó miànzi)

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 面(メン)子(ツ) (mentsu)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 面子 – see 麵子 (“fine powder”). (This term is the simplified form of 麵子).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 面 | 子 |
| メン Grade: 3 | ツ Grade: 1 |
| irregular ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 面子 – see the following entry. :
| 【メンツ】 | [noun] face (reputation) [noun] (mahjong) player [noun] participant, member |
(This term, 面子, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :