# qopha
## Zulu
### Verb

-qopha
* (transitive) to cut out, to notch, to peck
* (transitive) to record (sound etc.)
* (transitive) to ornament (with beadwork)
* (transitive) to mark, to mark off, to indicate
* (transitive) to analyze, to scrutinize

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuqopha |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqopha | ukungaqophi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qopha | -qophe |
| Plural | qophani | -qopheni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqopha, ngiqopha | engiqophayo, engiqopha | ngiqopha | angiqophi | engingaqophi | ngingaqophi |
| 2nd singular | uyaqopha, uqopha | oqophayo, oqopha | uqopha | awuqophi | ongaqophi | ungaqophi |
| 1st plural | siyaqopha, siqopha | esiqophayo, esiqopha | siqopha | asiqophi | esingaqophi | singaqophi |
| 2nd plural | niyaqopha, niqopha | eniqophayo, eniqopha | niqopha | aniqophi | eningaqophi | ningaqophi |
| Class 1 | uyaqopha, uqopha | oqophayo, oqopha | eqopha | akaqophi | ongaqophi | engaqophi |
| Class 2 | bayaqopha, baqopha | abaqophayo, abaqopha | beqopha | abaqophi | abangaqophi | bengaqophi |
| Class 3 | uyaqopha, uqopha | oqophayo, oqopha | uqopha | awuqophi | ongaqophi | ungaqophi |
| Class 4 | iyaqopha, iqopha | eqophayo, eqopha | iqopha | ayiqophi | engaqophi | ingaqophi |
| Class 5 | liyaqopha, liqopha | eliqophayo, eliqopha | liqopha | aliqophi | elingaqophi | lingaqophi |
| Class 6 | ayaqopha, aqopha | aqophayo, aqopha | eqopha | awaqophi | angaqophi | engaqophi |
| Class 7 | siyaqopha, siqopha | esiqophayo, esiqopha | siqopha | asiqophi | esingaqophi | singaqophi |
| Class 8 | ziyaqopha, ziqopha | eziqophayo, eziqopha | ziqopha | aziqophi | ezingaqophi | zingaqophi |
| Class 9 | iyaqopha, iqopha | eqophayo, eqopha | iqopha | ayiqophi | engaqophi | ingaqophi |
| Class 10 | ziyaqopha, ziqopha | eziqophayo, eziqopha | ziqopha | aziqophi | ezingaqophi | zingaqophi |
| Class 11 | luyaqopha, luqopha | oluqophayo, oluqopha | luqopha | aluqophi | olungaqophi | lungaqophi |
| Class 14 | buyaqopha, buqopha | obuqophayo, obuqopha | buqopha | abuqophi | obungaqophi | bungaqophi |
| Class 15 | kuyaqopha, kuqopha | okuqophayo, okuqopha | kuqopha | akuqophi | okungaqophi | kungaqophi |
| Class 17 | kuyaqopha, kuqopha | okuqophayo, okuqopha | kuqopha | akuqophi | okungaqophi | kungaqophi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqophile, ngiqophē | engiqophile, engiqophē | ngiqophile, ngiqophē | angiqophanga | engingaqophanga | ngingaqophanga |
| 2nd singular | uqophile, uqophē | oqophile, oqophē | uqophile, uqophē | awuqophanga | ongaqophanga | ungaqophanga |
| 1st plural | siqophile, siqophē | esiqophile, esiqophē | siqophile, siqophē | asiqophanga | esingaqophanga | singaqophanga |
| 2nd plural | niqophile, niqophē | eniqophile, eniqophē | niqophile, niqophē | aniqophanga | eningaqophanga | ningaqophanga |
| Class 1 | uqophile, uqophē | oqophile, oqophē | eqophile, eqophē | akaqophanga | ongaqophanga | engaqophanga |
| Class 2 | baqophile, baqophē | abaqophile, abaqophē | beqophile, beqophē | abaqophanga | abangaqophanga | bengaqophanga |
| Class 3 | uqophile, uqophē | oqophile, oqophē | uqophile, uqophē | awuqophanga | ongaqophanga | ungaqophanga |
| Class 4 | iqophile, iqophē | eqophile, eqophē | iqophile, iqophē | ayiqophanga | engaqophanga | ingaqophanga |
| Class 5 | liqophile, liqophē | eliqophile, eliqophē | liqophile, liqophē | aliqophanga | elingaqophanga | lingaqophanga |
| Class 6 | aqophile, aqophē | aqophile, aqophē | eqophile, eqophē | awaqophanga | angaqophanga | engaqophanga |
| Class 7 | siqophile, siqophē | esiqophile, esiqophē | siqophile, siqophē | asiqophanga | esingaqophanga | singaqophanga |
| Class 8 | ziqophile, ziqophē | eziqophile, eziqophē | ziqophile, ziqophē | aziqophanga | ezingaqophanga | zingaqophanga |
| Class 9 | iqophile, iqophē | eqophile, eqophē | iqophile, iqophē | ayiqophanga | engaqophanga | ingaqophanga |
| Class 10 | ziqophile, ziqophē | eziqophile, eziqophē | ziqophile, ziqophē | aziqophanga | ezingaqophanga | zingaqophanga |
| Class 11 | luqophile, luqophē | oluqophile, oluqophē | luqophile, luqophē | aluqophanga | olungaqophanga | lungaqophanga |
| Class 14 | buqophile, buqophē | obuqophile, obuqophē | buqophile, buqophē | abuqophanga | obungaqophanga | bungaqophanga |
| Class 15 | kuqophile, kuqophē | okuqophile, okuqophē | kuqophile, kuqophē | akuqophanga | okungaqophanga | kungaqophanga |
| Class 17 | kuqophile, kuqophē | okuqophile, okuqophē | kuqophile, kuqophē | akuqophanga | okungaqophanga | kungaqophanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqopha | engāqopha | ngāqopha | angiqophanga | engingaqophanga | ngingaqophanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqopha | owāqopha | wāqopha | awuqophanga | ongaqophanga | ungaqophanga |
| 1st plural | sāqopha | esāqopha | sāqopha | asiqophanga | esingaqophanga | singaqophanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqopha | enāqopha | nāqopha | aniqophanga | eningaqophanga | ningaqophanga |
| Class 1 | wāqopha | owāqopha | āqopha | akaqophanga | ongaqophanga | engaqophanga |
| Class 2 | bāqopha | abāqopha | bāqopha | abaqophanga | abangaqophanga | bengaqophanga |
| Class 3 | wāqopha | owāqopha | wāqopha | awuqophanga | ongaqophanga | ungaqophanga |
| Class 4 | yāqopha | eyāqopha | yāqopha | ayiqophanga | engaqophanga | ingaqophanga |
| Class 5 | lāqopha | elāqopha | lāqopha | aliqophanga | elingaqophanga | lingaqophanga |
| Class 6 | āqopha | āqopha | āqopha | awaqophanga | angaqophanga | engaqophanga |
| Class 7 | sāqopha | esāqopha | sāqopha | asiqophanga | esingaqophanga | singaqophanga |
| Class 8 | zāqopha | ezāqopha | zāqopha | aziqophanga | ezingaqophanga | zingaqophanga |
| Class 9 | yāqopha | eyāqopha | yāqopha | ayiqophanga | engaqophanga | ingaqophanga |
| Class 10 | zāqopha | ezāqopha | zāqopha | aziqophanga | ezingaqophanga | zingaqophanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqopha | olwāqopha | lwāqopha | aluqophanga | olungaqophanga | lungaqophanga |
| Class 14 | bāqopha | obāqopha | bāqopha | abuqophanga | obungaqophanga | bungaqophanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqopha | okwāqopha | kwāqopha | akuqophanga | okungaqophanga | kungaqophanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqopha | okwāqopha | kwāqopha | akuqophanga | okungaqophanga | kungaqophanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqopha | — | ngingaqopha | ngingeqophe | — | ngingeqophe |
| 2nd singular | ungaqopha | — | ungaqopha | ungeqophe | — | ungeqophe |
| 1st plural | singaqopha | — | singaqopha | singeqophe | — | singeqophe |
| 2nd plural | ningaqopha | — | ningaqopha | ningeqophe | — | ningeqophe |
| Class 1 | angaqopha | — | engaqopha | angeqophe | — | engeqophe |
| Class 2 | bangaqopha | — | bengaqopha | bangeqophe | — | bengeqophe |
| Class 3 | ungaqopha | — | ungaqopha | ungeqophe | — | ungeqophe |
| Class 4 | ingaqopha | — | ingaqopha | ingeqophe | — | ingeqophe |
| Class 5 | lingaqopha | — | lingaqopha | lingeqophe | — | lingeqophe |
| Class 6 | angaqopha | — | engaqopha | angeqophe | — | engeqophe |
| Class 7 | singaqopha | — | singaqopha | singeqophe | — | singeqophe |
| Class 8 | zingaqopha | — | zingaqopha | zingeqophe | — | zingeqophe |
| Class 9 | ingaqopha | — | ingaqopha | ingeqophe | — | ingeqophe |
| Class 10 | zingaqopha | — | zingaqopha | zingeqophe | — | zingeqophe |
| Class 11 | lungaqopha | — | lungaqopha | lungeqophe | — | lungeqophe |
| Class 14 | bungaqopha | — | bungaqopha | bungeqophe | — | bungeqophe |
| Class 15 | kungaqopha | — | kungaqopha | kungeqophe | — | kungeqophe |
| Class 17 | kungaqopha | — | kungaqopha | kungeqophe | — | kungeqophe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqopha | engizoqopha | ngizoqopha | angizuqopha | engingezuqopha | ngingezuqopha |
| 2nd singular | uzoqopha | ozoqopha | uzoqopha | awuzuqopha | ongezuqopha | ungezuqopha |
| 1st plural | sizoqopha | esizoqopha | sizoqopha | asizuqopha | esingezuqopha | singezuqopha |
| 2nd plural | nizoqopha | enizoqopha | nizoqopha | anizuqopha | eningezuqopha | ningezuqopha |
| Class 1 | uzoqopha | ozoqopha | ezoqopha | akazuqopha | ongezuqopha | engezuqopha |
| Class 2 | bazoqopha | abazoqopha | bezoqopha | abazuqopha | abangezuqopha | bengezuqopha |
| Class 3 | uzoqopha | ozoqopha | uzoqopha | awuzuqopha | ongezuqopha | ungezuqopha |
| Class 4 | izoqopha | ezoqopha | izoqopha | ayizuqopha | engezuqopha | ingezuqopha |
| Class 5 | lizoqopha | elizoqopha | lizoqopha | alizuqopha | elingezuqopha | lingezuqopha |
| Class 6 | azoqopha | azoqopha | ezoqopha | awazuqopha | angezuqopha | engezuqopha |
| Class 7 | sizoqopha | esizoqopha | sizoqopha | asizuqopha | esingezuqopha | singezuqopha |
| Class 8 | zizoqopha | ezizoqopha | zizoqopha | azizuqopha | ezingezuqopha | zingezuqopha |
| Class 9 | izoqopha | ezoqopha | izoqopha | ayizuqopha | engezuqopha | ingezuqopha |
| Class 10 | zizoqopha | ezizoqopha | zizoqopha | azizuqopha | ezingezuqopha | zingezuqopha |
| Class 11 | luzoqopha | oluzoqopha | luzoqopha | aluzuqopha | olungezuqopha | lungezuqopha |
| Class 14 | buzoqopha | obuzoqopha | buzoqopha | abuzuqopha | obungezuqopha | bungezuqopha |
| Class 15 | kuzoqopha | okuzoqopha | kuzoqopha | akuzuqopha | okungezuqopha | kungezuqopha |
| Class 17 | kuzoqopha | okuzoqopha | kuzoqopha | akuzuqopha | okungezuqopha | kungezuqopha |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqopha | engiyoqopha | ngiyoqopha | angiyuqopha | engingeyuqopha | ngingeyuqopha |
| 2nd singular | uyoqopha | oyoqopha | uyoqopha | awuyuqopha | ongeyuqopha | ungeyuqopha |
| 1st plural | siyoqopha | esiyoqopha | siyoqopha | asiyuqopha | esingeyuqopha | singeyuqopha |
| 2nd plural | niyoqopha | eniyoqopha | niyoqopha | aniyuqopha | eningeyuqopha | ningeyuqopha |
| Class 1 | uyoqopha | oyoqopha | eyoqopha | akayuqopha | ongeyuqopha | engeyuqopha |
| Class 2 | bayoqopha | abayoqopha | beyoqopha | abayuqopha | abangeyuqopha | bengeyuqopha |
| Class 3 | uyoqopha | oyoqopha | uyoqopha | awuyuqopha | ongeyuqopha | ungeyuqopha |
| Class 4 | iyoqopha | eyoqopha | iyoqopha | ayiyuqopha | engeyuqopha | ingeyuqopha |
| Class 5 | liyoqopha | eliyoqopha | liyoqopha | aliyuqopha | elingeyuqopha | lingeyuqopha |
| Class 6 | ayoqopha | ayoqopha | eyoqopha | awayuqopha | angeyuqopha | engeyuqopha |
| Class 7 | siyoqopha | esiyoqopha | siyoqopha | asiyuqopha | esingeyuqopha | singeyuqopha |
| Class 8 | ziyoqopha | eziyoqopha | ziyoqopha | aziyuqopha | ezingeyuqopha | zingeyuqopha |
| Class 9 | iyoqopha | eyoqopha | iyoqopha | ayiyuqopha | engeyuqopha | ingeyuqopha |
| Class 10 | ziyoqopha | eziyoqopha | ziyoqopha | aziyuqopha | ezingeyuqopha | zingeyuqopha |
| Class 11 | luyoqopha | oluyoqopha | luyoqopha | aluyuqopha | olungeyuqopha | lungeyuqopha |
| Class 14 | buyoqopha | obuyoqopha | buyoqopha | abuyuqopha | obungeyuqopha | bungeyuqopha |
| Class 15 | kuyoqopha | okuyoqopha | kuyoqopha | akuyuqopha | okungeyuqopha | kungeyuqopha |
| Class 17 | kuyoqopha | okuyoqopha | kuyoqopha | akuyuqopha | okungeyuqopha | kungeyuqopha |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqophe | ngingaqophi |
| 2nd singular | uqophe | ungaqophi |
| 1st plural | siqophe | singaqophi |
| 2nd plural | niqophe | ningaqophi |
| Class 1 | aqophe | angaqophi |
| Class 2 | baqophe | bangaqophi |
| Class 3 | uqophe | ungaqophi |
| Class 4 | iqophe | ingaqophi |
| Class 5 | liqophe | lingaqophi |
| Class 6 | aqophe | angaqophi |
| Class 7 | siqophe | singaqophi |
| Class 8 | ziqophe | zingaqophi |
| Class 9 | iqophe | ingaqophi |
| Class 10 | ziqophe | zingaqophi |
| Class 11 | luqophe | lungaqophi |
| Class 14 | buqophe | bungaqophi |
| Class 15 | kuqophe | kungaqophi |
| Class 17 | kuqophe | kungaqophi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqopha | ngangaqopha, angaqopha, angangaqopha |
| 2nd singular | waqopha | wangaqopha, awaqopha, awangaqopha |
| 1st plural | saqopha | sangaqopha, asaqopha, asangaqopha |
| 2nd plural | naqopha | nangaqopha, anaqopha, anangaqopha |
| Class 1 | waqopha | wangaqopha, akaqopha, akangaqopha |
| Class 2 | baqopha | bangaqopha, abaqopha, abangaqopha |
| Class 3 | waqopha | wangaqopha, awaqopha, awangaqopha |
| Class 4 | yaqopha | yangaqopha, ayaqopha, ayangaqopha |
| Class 5 | laqopha | langaqopha, alaqopha, alangaqopha |
| Class 6 | aqopha | angaqopha, awaqopha, awangaqopha |
| Class 7 | saqopha | sangaqopha, asaqopha, asangaqopha |
| Class 8 | zaqopha | zangaqopha, azaqopha, azangaqopha |
| Class 9 | yaqopha | yangaqopha, ayaqopha, ayangaqopha |
| Class 10 | zaqopha | zangaqopha, azaqopha, azangaqopha |
| Class 11 | lwaqopha | lwangaqopha, alwaqopha, alwangaqopha |
| Class 14 | baqopha | bangaqopha, abaqopha, abangaqopha |
| Class 15 | kwaqopha | kwangaqopha, akwaqopha, akwangaqopha |
| Class 17 | kwaqopha | kwangaqopha, akwaqopha, akwangaqopha |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qopha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qopha (6.3)”