# 治國
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhìguó, chíguó
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ, ㄔˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^6$ gwok$^3$ / ci$^4$ gwok$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tī-kok / tǐ-kok
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhìguó
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhìhguó
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^4$-kuo$^2$
*** Yale: jr̀-gwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyhgwo
*** Palladius: чжиго (čžigo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, literary variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chíguó
*** Zhuyin: ㄔˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chíhguó
*** Wade–Giles: chʻih$^2$-kuo$^2$
*** Yale: chŕ-gwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyrgwo
*** Palladius: чиго (čigo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^6$ gwok$^3$ / ci$^4$ gwok$^3$
*** Yale: jih gwok / chìh gwok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^6$ gwok$^8$ / tsi$^4$ gwok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^6$ guog$^3$ / qi$^4$ guog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː²² kʷɔːk̚³/, /t͡sʰiː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tī-kok
*** Tâi-lô: tī-kok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dixkog
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ti³³⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ti²²⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǐ-kok
*** Tâi-lô: tǐ-kok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ti²² kɔk̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dri|drijH|driH kwok
Rime :
| Character | 治 | 治 | 治 | 國 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) | 澄 (11) | 澄 (11) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 脂 (17) | 之 (19) | 德 (132) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | I |
| Fanqie | 直之切 | 直利切 | 直吏切 | 古或切 |
| Baxter | dri | drijH | driH | kwok |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨ/ | /ɖˠiɪ$^H$/ | /ɖɨ$^H$/ | /kwək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖɨ/ | /ɖᵚi$^H$/ | /ɖɨ$^H$/ | /kʷək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡie/ | /ȡiɪ$^H$/ | /ȡie$^H$/ | /kuək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖɨ/ | /ɖji$^H$/ | /ɖɨ$^H$/ | /kwək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiə/ | /ȡji$^H$/ | /ȡiə$^H$/ | /kuək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭə/ | /ȡi$^H$/ | /ȡĭə$^H$/ | /kuək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȡʱi/ | /ȡʱi$^H$/ | /ȡʱi$^H$/ | /kwək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chí | zhì | zhì | guo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ci$^4$ | zi$^6$ | zi$^6$ | gwak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.lrə|lrə-s [C.q]ʷˤək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯ|l'ɯs|l'is kʷɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 治 | 治 | 國 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chí | zhì | guó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dri › | ‹ dri$^H$ › | ‹ kwok › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.lrə/ | /*lrə-s/ | /*[C.q]ʷˁək/ |
| English | regulate, arrange | regulate, arrange | state (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 治 | 治 | 治 | 國 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12288 | 12289 | 12302 | 5547 |
| Phonetic component | 台 | 台 | 台 | 或 |
| Rime group | 之 | 之 | 脂 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 治 | 值 | 緻 | 國 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'ɯ/ | /*l'ɯs/ | /*l'is/ | /*kʷɯːɡ/ |

### Verb

治國
* to govern a state; to run a country; to administer state affairs
    依法治國／依法治国 ― yīfǎ zhìguó ― law-based governance
       Géwù, zhìzhī, chéngyì, zhèngxīn, xiūshēn, qíjiā, zhìguó, píngtiānxià. [Pinyin]
       Investigate the nature of things, pursue knowledge, act in good faith, rectify one's mind, cultivate one's moral character, manage one's household, administer state affairs and bring peace to the nation.

#### Synonyms

* (literary) 經國／经国 (jīngguó)

#### Derived terms

* 治國安民／治国安民
* 治國安邦／治国安邦 (zhìguó'ānbāng)