# 構

| 構 | U+69CB, &#27083; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-69CB |
| ← 槊 [U+69CA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 槌 → [U+69CC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

構 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 木廿廿月 (DTTB), four-corner 4594$_7$, composition ⿰木冓)

#### Derived characters

* 𡒫, 𥵡

#### Descendants

* 构 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 546, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15317
* Dae Jaweon: page 933, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1259, character 7
* Unihan data for U+69CB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 溝 | *koː |
| 篝 | *koː |
| 鞲 | *koː |
| 韝 | *koː, *kʰoː |
| 褠 | *koː |
| 冓 | *koː, *koːs |
| 構 | *koːs |
| 購 | *koːs |
| 媾 | *koːs |
| 覯 | *koːs |
| 遘 | *koːs, *koːs |
| 煹 | *koːs |
| 搆 | *koːs |
| 講 | *kroːŋʔ |
| 耩 | *kroːŋʔ |
| 傋 | *kroːŋʔ, *qʰroːŋʔ |
| 斠 | *kroːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːs) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gòu (gou$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kau$^3$ / gau$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiêu / kieu
* Eastern Min (BUC): gáiu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiò / kò͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gou$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$keu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gòu
*** Wade–Giles: kou$^4$
*** Yale: gòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gow
*** Palladius: гоу (gou)
*** Sinological IPA : /koʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kau$^3$ / gau$^3$
*** Yale: kau / gau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kau$^3$ / gau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: keo$^3$ / geo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐu̯³³/, /kɐu̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiêu / kieu
*** Hakka Romanization System: gieu$^ˊ$ / gieu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gieu$^1$ / gieu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯²⁴/, /ki̯eu̯⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gáiu
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑu²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiò
*** Tâi-lô: kiò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kioix
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kio⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘
*** Tâi-lô: kòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kox
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gou$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kòu
*** Sinological IPA : /kou²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$keu
*** MiniDict: keu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$keu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɤ³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kuwH
Rime :
| Character | 構 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古候切 |
| Baxter | kuwH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kəu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kəu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ku$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kəu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*koːs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 構 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4191 |
| Phonetic component | 冓 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 遘 |
| Old Chinese | /*koːs/ |

### Definitions

構
* to form; to build
* to fabricate; to make up
* frame; structure; building
* paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera)
    Synonyms: 楮 (chǔ), 榖 (gǔ)

### Compounds

* 主從架構／主从架构
* 人口結構／人口结构 (rénkǒu jiégòu)
* 佳構劇／佳构剧
* 儲油構造／储油构造
* 分子結構／分子结构 (fēnzǐ jiégòu)
* 向壁虛構／向壁虚构 (xiàngbìxūgòu)
* 堂構／堂构
* 堂構更新／堂构更新
* 宏構／宏构
* 宿構／宿构
* 嵌版構造／嵌版构造
* 建構／建构 (jiàngòu)
* 慈善機構／慈善机构 (císhàn jīgòu)
* 憑虛構象／凭虚构象
* 板塊構造／板块构造
* 架構／架构 (jiàgòu)
* 構件／构件 (gòujiàn)
* 構兵／构兵 (gòubīng)
* 構圖／构图 (gòutú)
* 構型／构型 (gòuxíng)
* 構工／构工
* 構建／构建 (gòujiàn)
* 構形／构形 (gòuxíng)
* 構思／构思 (gòusī)
* 構怨／构怨 (gòuyuàn)
* 構怨連兵／构怨连兵
* 構想／构想 (gòuxiǎng)
* 構成／构成 (gòuchéng)
* 構成主義／构成主义 (gòuchéng zhǔyì)
* 構擬／构拟 (gòunǐ)
* 構會／构会
* 構架／构架 (gòujià)
* 構築／构筑 (gòuzhù)
* 構築物／构筑物 (gòuzhùwù)
* 構精／构精
* 構訟不息／构讼不息
* 構詞惑眾／构词惑众
* 構詞法／构词法
* 構造／构造 (gòuzào)
* 構造單元／构造单元
* 構造地震／构造地震
* 構造運動／构造运动
* 構釁／构衅
* 構陷／构陷 (gòuxiàn)
* 機構／机构 (jīgòu)
* 權力結構／权力结构 (quánlì jiégòu)
* 民意機構／民意机构
* 生態結構／生态结构 (shēngtài jiégòu)
* 生產結構／生产结构 (shēngchǎn jiégòu)
* 異構／异构 (yìgòu)
* 秦王構石／秦王构石
* 結構／结构 (jiégòu)
* 結構主義／结构主义 (jiégòuzhǔyì)
* 締構／缔构
* 肯堂肯構／肯堂肯构
* 肯構肯堂／肯构肯堂
* 虛構／虚构 (xūgòu)
* 解構／解构 (jiěgòu)
* 讒構／谗构

### Descendants

* → Thai: ก่อ (gɔ̀ɔ)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 構 |
| Kyūjitai | 構󠄁 構+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 構󠄃 構+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* to build, construct

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
* Kun: かまえる (kamaeru, 構える, Jōyō)、かまえ (kamae, 構え)、かまう (kamau, 構う, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 構外(こうがい) (kōgai)
* 構成(こうせい) (kōsei)
* 構図(こうず) (kōzu)
* 構想(こうそう) (kōsō)
* 構造(こうぞう) (kōzō)
* 構築(こうちく) (kōchiku)
* 構内(こうない) (kōnai)
* 構文(こうぶん) (kōbun)

#### Derived terms

* 構(かま)いません (kamaimasen)

### References

* ↑ “構”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

## Korean
### Hanja

構 (eumhun 집세울 구 (jipse'ul gu))
* to build, construct (얽다)
* paper mulberry (꾸지나무, 닥나무)

#### Synonyms

* (paper mulberry): 榖
* (paper mulberry): 楮

## Vietnamese
### Han character

構: Hán Nôm readings: cấu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.