# 訟

| 訟 | U+8A1F, &#35359; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A1F |
| ← 訞 [U+8A1E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 訠 → [U+8A20] |

## Translingual
### Han character

訟 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜口金戈 (YRCI), four-corner 0863$_2$, composition ⿰訁公)

#### Derived characters

* 𦄸

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1149, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35266
* Dae Jaweon: page 1616, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3949, character 3
* Unihan data for U+8A1F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 慃 | *qroːŋʔ |
| 袞 | *kluːnʔ |
| 蔉 | *kluːnʔ |
| 滾 | *kluːnʔ |
| 忩 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 鬆 | *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ |
| 凇 | *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ |
| 公 | *kloːŋ |
| 蚣 | *kloːŋ, *kljoŋ |
| 翁 | *qloːŋ |
| 螉 | *qloːŋ |
| 蓊 | *qloːŋ, *qloːŋʔ |
| 嗡 | *qloːŋ |
| 滃 | *qloːŋʔ |
| 暡 | *qloːŋʔ |
| 勜 | *qloːŋʔ |
| 塕 | *qloːŋʔ |
| 瓮 | *qloːŋs |
| 崧 | *sqʰluŋ |
| 菘 | *sqʰluŋ |
| 硹 | *sqʰluŋ |
| 淞 | *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ |
| 蜙 | *sqʰloŋ |
| 倯 | *sqʰloŋ |
| 松 | *sɢloŋ |
| 訟 | *sɢloŋ, *sɢloŋs |
| 頌 | *sɢloŋs, *loŋ |
| 忪 | *kljoŋ |
| 彸 | *kljoŋ |
| 衳 | *kljoŋ |
| 伀 | *kljoŋ |
| 妐 | *kljoŋ |
| 炂 | *kljoŋ |
| 鈆 | *kljoŋ, *lon |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɢloŋ, *sɢloŋs) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sòng (song$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siung
* Eastern Min (BUC): sê̤ṳng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siōng / siòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): song$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sòng
*** Wade–Giles: sung$^4$
*** Yale: sùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sonq
*** Palladius: сун (sun)
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^6$
*** Yale: juhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siung
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯uŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sê̤ṳng
*** Sinological IPA : /søyŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng
*** Tâi-lô: siōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siong
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɔŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siòng
*** Tâi-lô: siòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²¹/
* siōng - literary;
* siòng - vernacular (俗).
* Middle Chinese: zjowng, zjowngH
Rime :
| Character | 訟 | 訟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 祥容切 | 似用切 |
| Baxter | zjowng | zjowngH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /zɨoŋ/ | /zɨoŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zioŋ/ | /zioŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zioŋ/ | /zioŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zuawŋ/ | /zuawŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /zioŋ/ | /zioŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭwoŋ/ | /zĭwoŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /zi̯woŋ/ | /zi̯woŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sóng | sòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cung$^4$ | zung$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.[ɢ]oŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sɢloŋ/, /*sɢloŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 訟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sòng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zjowng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.[ɢ]oŋ-s/ |
| English | litigate |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 訟 | 訟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 4116 | 4119 |
| Phonetic component | 公 | 公 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 松 | 頌 |
| Old Chinese | /*sɢloŋ/ | /*sɢloŋs/ |

### Definitions

訟
* to accuse
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zǐyuē: “Yǐ yǐ hū! Wú wèijiàn néng jiàn qí guò ér nèi zìsòng zhě yě.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "It is all over. I have not yet seen one who could perceive their faults, and inwardly accuse themselves."
* to argue; to dispute
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Fēnzhēng biànsòng, fēilǐ bùjué. [Pinyin]
    The clearing up of quarrels and discriminating in disputes cannot be decisive without the rules of propriety.
* to litigate
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Zǐyuē: “Tīngsòng, wú yóu rén yě, bì yě shǐ wúsòng hū!” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "In hearing litigations, I am like any other body. What is necessary is to cause the people to have no litigations."
* sixth hexagram of the I Ching
* Alternative form of 頌／颂 (“to laud; to praise; to extol”)

### Compounds

* 健訟／健讼
* 共同訴訟／共同诉讼
* 刁健訟棍／刁健讼棍
* 刁訟／刁讼
* 刑事訴訟／刑事诉讼
* 包攬詞訟／包揽词讼 (bāolǎn císòng)
* 嚚訟／嚚讼
* 息訟／息讼
* 成訟／成讼 (chéngsòng)
* 構訟不息／构讼不息
* 歌訟／歌讼 (gēsòng)
* 民事訴訟／民事诉讼
* 涉訟／涉讼
* 滯訟／滞讼
* 爭訟／争讼 (zhēngsòng)
* 獄訟／狱讼
* 纏訟／缠讼
* 聚訟／聚讼 (jùsòng)
* 聚訟紛紜／聚讼纷纭
* 聽訟／听讼 (tīngsòng)
* 自訟／自讼
* 興訟／兴讼
* 虞芮之訟／虞芮之讼
* 行政訴訟／行政诉讼
* 解訟息爭／解讼息争
* 計過自訟／计过自讼
* 訟事／讼事 (sòngshì)
* 訟師／讼师
* 訟庭／讼庭
* 訟案／讼案 (sòng'àn)
* 訟棍／讼棍 (sònggùn)
* 訟牒／讼牒
* 訟言／讼言
* 詞清訟簡／词清讼简
* 詞訟／词讼 (císòng)
* 訴訟／诉讼 (sùsòng)
* 訴訟擔保／诉讼担保
* 訴訟法／诉讼法
* 訴訟費／诉讼费 (sùsòngfèi)
* 諍訟／诤讼
* 調詞架訟／调词架讼
* 辭訟／辞讼
* 選舉訴訟／选举诉讼
* 酗訟／酗讼
* 集體訴訟／集体诉讼 (jítǐ sùsòng)
* 非訟事件／非讼事件 (fēisòng shìjiàn)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 訟 |
| Kyūjitai | 訟 |

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* sue
* accuse

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅ (ju)、ず (zu)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kun: あらそう (arasou, 訟う)、うったえる (uttaeru, 訟える)

## Korean
### Hanja

訟 • (song) (hangeul 송, revised song, McCune–Reischauer song, Yale song)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

訟: Hán Nôm readings: tụng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.