# 攻擊
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōngjī, gōngjí
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧ, ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^1$ gik$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûng-kit
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kong-kek / kong-kiak
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kon-ciq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjī
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongji
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-chi$^1$
*** Yale: gūng-jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongji
*** Palladius: гунцзи (gunczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$公積／公积 公雞／公鸡 功績／功绩 攻擊／攻击
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjí
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongjí
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-chi$^2$
*** Yale: gūng-jí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongjyi
*** Palladius: гунцзи (gunczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$ gik$^1$
*** Yale: gūng gīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$ gik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$ gig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-kit
*** Hakka Romanization System: gung$^ˊ$ gid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gung$^1$ gid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴ kit̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kek
*** Tâi-lô: kong-kik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kongkeg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kiak
*** Tâi-lô: kong-kiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kongkiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ kiak̚⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kon-ciq
*** MiniDict: kon$^平$ cih
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kon-jiq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kuwng|kowng kek
Rime :
| Character | 攻 | 攻 | 擊 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 冬 (5) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | IV |
| Fanqie | 古紅切 | 古冬切 | 古歷切 |
| Baxter | kuwng | kowng | kek |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuŋ/ | /kuoŋ/ | /kek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuŋ/ | /kuoŋ/ | /kek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuŋ/ | /koŋ/ | /kɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəwŋ/ | /kawŋ/ | /kɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kuŋ/ | /koŋ/ | /kek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kuŋ/ | /kuoŋ/ | /kiek̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kuŋ/ | /kuoŋ/ | /kiek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gōng | gōng | ji |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gung$^1$ | gung$^1$ | gik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤoŋ kˤik/
    (Zhengzhang): /*koːŋ|kuːŋ keːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 攻 | 擊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gōng | jī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kuwng › | ‹ kek › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁoŋ/ | /*kˁik/ |
| English | attack | strike (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 攻 | 攻 | 擊 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4027 | 4065 | 5632 |
| Phonetic component | 工 | 工 | 毄 |
| Rime group | 東 | 終 | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 公 | 攻 | 激 |
| Old Chinese | /*koːŋ/ | /*kuːŋ/ | /*keːɡ/ |

### Verb

攻擊
* to attack; to assault
    鯊魚攻擊／鲨鱼攻击 ― shāyú gōngjī ― shark attack
    海上攻擊／海上攻击 ― hǎishàng gōngjī ― maritime attack
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Zhōu Wén Wǔ suǒ fēng zǐdì tóngxìng shèn zhòng, rán hòu shǔ shūyuǎn, xiàng gōngjī rú chóuchóu. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to accuse; to charge; to vilify

#### Synonyms

* (to attack):
* 打擊／打击 (dǎjī)
* 抨擊／抨击 (pēngjī) (verbally or in writing)
* 搗／捣 (dǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
* 擊／击 (jī)
* 攻取 (gōngqǔ)
* 攻奪／攻夺 (gōngduó)
* 攻打 (gōngdǎ)
* 暴擊／暴击 (bàojī)
* 突擊／突击 (tūjī)
* 衝鋒／冲锋 (chōngfēng)
* 襲擊／袭击 (xíjī)
* 進擊／进击 (jìnjī)
* 進攻／进攻 (jìngōng)
* 開火／开火 (kāihuǒ) (figurative, verbally or in writing)
* (to accuse):
* 倚賴／倚赖 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 彎鬱／弯郁 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 栽贓／栽赃 (zāizāng)
* 毀謗／毁谤 (huǐbàng)
* 污蔑 (wūmiè)
* 潑髒水／泼脏水 (pō zāng shuǐ) (figurative)
* 瘄污 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 詆毀／诋毁 (dǐhuǐ)
* 誣告／诬告
* 誣害／诬害 (wūhài)
* 誣捏／诬捏 (ŭ-niĕk) (Eastern Min)
* 誣枉／诬枉 (wūwǎng)
* 誣蔑／诬蔑 (wūmiè)
* 誣賴／诬赖 (wūlài)
* 誣陷／诬陷 (wūxiàn)
* 誹謗／诽谤 (fěibàng)
* 謠諑／谣诼 (yáozhuó) (literary)
* 讒害／谗害 (chánhài)
* 賴／赖 (lài)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to attack”): 支援 (zhīyuán)

#### Derived terms

* 中間人攻擊／中间人攻击 (zhōngjiānrén gōngjī)
* 人身攻擊／人身攻击 (rénshēn gōngjī)
* 分散式阻斷服務攻擊／分散式阻断服务攻击 (fēnsànshì zǔduàn fúwù gōngjī)
* 字典攻擊／字典攻击 (zìdiǎn gōngjī)
* 攻擊性／攻击性 (gōngjīxìng)
* 攻擊者／攻击者 (gōngjīzhě)
* 洪水攻擊／洪水攻击 (hóngshuǐ gōngjī)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 攻撃(こうげき) (kōgeki)
* → Korean: 공격(攻擊) (gonggyeok)
* → Vietnamese: công kích (攻擊)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 攻 | 擊 |
| こう Grade: S | げき Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

攻(こう)擊(げき) • (kōgeki)
* Kyūjitai form of 攻撃: attack

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 攻 | 擊 |

### Noun

攻擊 • (gonggyeok) (hangeul 공격)
* hanja form of 공격 (“attack”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 攻 | 擊 |

### Verb

攻擊
* chữ Hán form of công kích (“to attack, to assault”).