# 窘迫
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiǒngpò
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄥˇ ㄆㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan$^3$ bik$^1$ / kwan$^5$ baak$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kūn-pek / kǔn-piak / khún-pek
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiǒngpò
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄥˇ ㄆㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyǒngpò
*** Wade–Giles: chiung$^3$-pʻo$^4$
*** Yale: jyǔng-pwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeongpoh
*** Palladius: цзюнпо (czjunpo)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwan$^3$ bik$^1$ / kwan$^5$ baak$^1$
*** Yale: kwan bīk / kwáhn bāak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwan$^3$ bik$^7$ / kwan$^5$ baak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kuen$^3$ big$^1$ / kuen$^5$ bag$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰɐn³³ pɪk̚⁵/, /kʷʰɐn¹³ paːk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūn-pek
*** Tâi-lô: kūn-pik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kuxnpeg
*** IPA (Taipei): /kun³³⁻¹¹ piɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kun³³⁻²¹ piɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kun²²⁻²¹ piɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǔn-piak
*** Tâi-lô: kǔn-piak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kun²² piak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún-pek
*** Tâi-lô: khún-pik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qwnpeg
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ piɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪk̚³²/

### Adjective

窘迫
* poverty-stricken; poor; impoverished
* embarrassed; sheepish

#### Synonyms

* (poverty-stricken):
* 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
* 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
* 困窮／困穷 (kùnqióng)
* 困苦 (kùnkǔ)
* 困難／困难
* 困頓／困顿 (kùndùn)
* 宋凶 (Hokkien)
* 散 (Hokkien)
* 散凶 (Hokkien)
* 散赤 (Hokkien)
* 清苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
* 淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
* 清貧／清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
* 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
* 磽／硗 (Teochew)
* 䆀康 (Hokkien)
* 空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
* 窄
* 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
* 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
* 窮／穷 (qióng)
* 窮乏／穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)
* 窮困／穷困 (qióngkùn)
* 窮㾪／穷㾪 (Hokkien)
* 窮苦／穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
* 窮赤／穷赤 (Hokkien)
* 艱苦／艰苦 (Hokkien)
* 苦寒 (kǔhán)
* 貧乏／贫乏 (pínfá)
* 貧困／贫困 (pínkùn)
* 貧寒／贫寒 (pínhán)
* 貧瘠／贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
* 貧窮／贫穷 (pínqióng)
* 貧苦／贫苦 (pínkǔ)

### Noun

窘迫
* difficulty; distress

### Derived terms

* 呼吸窘迫 (hūxī jiǒngpò)

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: quẫn bách (窘迫)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 窘 | 迫 |
| きん Hyōgai | はく > ぱく Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きんぱく [kìńpákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲĩmpa̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

窘(きん)迫(ぱく) • (kinpaku)
* troubledness

### Verb

窘(きん)迫(ぱく)する • (kinpaku suru) intransitive suru (stem 窘(きん)迫(ぱく)し (kinpaku shi), past 窘(きん)迫(ぱく)した (kinpaku shita))
* be troubled

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 窘迫し | きんぱくし | kinpaku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 窘迫し | きんぱくし | kinpaku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 窘迫する | きんぱくする | kinpaku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 窘迫する | きんぱくする | kinpaku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 窘迫すれ | きんぱくすれ | kinpaku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 窘迫せよ¹ 窘迫しろ² | きんぱくせよ¹ きんぱくしろ² | kinpaku seyo¹ kinpaku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 窘迫される | きんぱくされる | kinpaku sareru |
| Causative | 窘迫させる 窘迫さす | きんぱくさせる きんぱくさす | kinpaku saseru kinpaku sasu |
| Potential | 窘迫できる | きんぱくできる | kinpaku dekiru |
| Volitional | 窘迫しよう | きんぱくしよう | kinpaku shiyō |
| Negative | 窘迫しない | きんぱくしない | kinpaku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 窘迫せず | きんぱくせず | kinpaku sezu |
| Formal | 窘迫します | きんぱくします | kinpaku shimasu |
| Perfective | 窘迫した | きんぱくした | kinpaku shita |
| Conjunctive | 窘迫して | きんぱくして | kinpaku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 窘迫すれば | きんぱくすれば | kinpaku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 窘 | 迫 |

### Adjective

窘迫
* chữ Hán form of quẫn bách (“poverty-stricken; poor; impoverished”).