# 長老
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǎnglǎo
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ ㄌㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng$^2$ lou$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chóng-ló
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tióng-ló / tióng-nó͘ / tiáng-ló / tiúⁿ-ló
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎnglǎo [Phonetic: zhánglǎo]
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ ㄌㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎnglǎo
*** Wade–Giles: chang$^3$-lao$^3$
*** Yale: jǎng-lǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaanglao
*** Palladius: чжанлао (čžanlao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoeng$^2$ lou$^5$
*** Yale: jéung lóuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng$^2$ lou$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêng$^2$ lou$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœːŋ³⁵ lou̯¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chóng-ló
*** Hakka Romanization System: zong$^ˋ$ lo$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zong$^3$ lo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ³¹ lo³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tióng-ló
*** Tâi-lô: tióng-ló
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diofngloir
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɤ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tióng-nó͘
*** Tâi-lô: tióng-nóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diofngnor
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiáng-ló
*** Tâi-lô: tiáng-ló
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diafngloir
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo⁵³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiúⁿ-ló
*** Tâi-lô: tiúnn-ló
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dviwloir
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiũ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɤ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: trjangX lawX
Rime :
| Character | 長 | 老 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 知丈切 | 盧晧切 |
| Baxter | trjangX | lawX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈɨɐŋ$^X$/ | /lɑu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈiɐŋ$^X$/ | /lɑu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiɑŋ$^X$/ | /lɑu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈɨaŋ$^X$/ | /law$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶiaŋ$^X$/ | /lɑu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭaŋ$^X$/ | /lɑu$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶi̯aŋ$^X$/ | /lɑu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǎng | lǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoeng$^2$ | lou$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*traŋʔ C.rˤuʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*taŋʔ ruːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 長 | 老 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhǎng | lǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trjang$^X$ › | ‹ law$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*traŋʔ/ | /*C.rˁuʔ/ |
| English | grow; elder | old |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 長 | 老 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1263 | 7666 |
| Phonetic component | 長 | 老 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 長 | 老 |
| Old Chinese | /*taŋʔ/ | /*ruːʔ/ |

### Noun

長老
* elder; senior; oldster
* (Christianity) presbyter; elder
* reverent address for an old monk or an elder of a religion
* (Northern Min) Buddhist monk

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 和尚, 比丘, 僧, 僧人, 僧侶, 禪師 honorific |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 和尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 和尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 和尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 和尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 和尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 和尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 和尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 和尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 和尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 和尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 和尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 和尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 和尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 和尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 和尚, 師父 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 和尚 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 和尚 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 和尚 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 和尚 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 和尚 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 和尚 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 和尚, 僧人 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 和尚 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 和尚 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 和尚 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 和尚 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 和尚 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 和尚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 和尚 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 和尚 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 和尚 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 和尚 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 和尚 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 和尚, 師父 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin (Lingui) | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 和尚, 師父 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou (Luorong) | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 和尚 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 和尚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 和尚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 和尚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 和尚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 和尚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 和尚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 和尚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 和尚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 和尚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 和尚 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 和尚 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 和尚 |
| Gan | Pengze | 和尚 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 和尚 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 和尚 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 和尚, 齋公 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 和尚 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 和尚 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 和尚 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 和尚 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 和尚 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 和尚 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 和尚 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 和尚, 齋公仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 和尚, 齋牯, 齋公 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 和尚, 齋公仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 和尚, 齋公 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 和尚, 齋公仔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 和尚 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 和尚 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 和尚 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 師父 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 和尚 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 和尚 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 和尚 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 和尚 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 和尚 |
| Jin | Datong | 和尚 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 和尚 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 和尚 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 和尚 |
| Jin | Linhe | 和尚 |
| Jin | Jining | 和尚 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 和尚 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 和尚 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 和尚 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 和尚 |
| Jin | Handan | 和尚 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 和尚 |
| Jin | Suide | 和尚 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 道老 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 長老 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 長老 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 長老 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 長老 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 長老 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 和尚 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 和尚, 仙師 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Shunchang (Pushang) | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 師父 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 師父 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 和尚 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 和尚 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 和尚 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 和尚, 長老 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 長老 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 和尚 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 和尚 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 和尚 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 和尚 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 和尚 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Shajing) | 和尚 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang (Xinqiao) | 和尚 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 和尚 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Chaoyang) | 和尚 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Zhuyuan) | 和尚 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Tanxia) | 和尚 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 和尚 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 和尚 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 和尚 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 和尚 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 和尚 |
| Wu | Danyang | 和尚 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 和尚 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 和尚 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 和尚 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 和尚 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 和尚 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 齋公 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 和尚 |
| Xiang | Guanyang (Wenshi) | 和尚 |

#### Derived terms

* 長老宗／长老宗 (zhǎnglǎozōng)
* 長老會／长老会 (Zhǎnglǎohuì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 長(ちょう)老(ろう) (chōrō)
* → Korean: 장로(長老) (jangno)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 長 | 老 |
| ちょう Grade: 2 | ろう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

長(ちょう)老(ろう) • (chōrō)
* an elder, an old man
* an elder in a church

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 長 | 老 |

### Noun

長老 • (jangno) (hangeul 장로)
* hanja form of 장로 (“elder”)