# 徂

| 徂 | U+5F82, &#24450; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F82 |
| ← 征 [U+5F81] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 徃 → [U+5F83] |

## Translingual
### Han character

徂 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹人月一 (HOBM), four-corner 2721$_0$, composition ⿰彳且)

#### Derived characters

* 䓚 𣨖

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 365, character 39
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10078
* Dae Jaweon: page 686, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 816, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5F82

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 徂
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 虘 | *zaːl, *zaː |
| 蔖 | *zlaːl, *sʰaːʔ |
| 摣 | *rnaː, *ʔsraː |
| 袓 | *ʔsjaː, *zaʔ |
| 怚 | *ʔsjaː, *ʔsas, *zaʔ |
| 罝 | *ʔsjaː |
| 謯 | *ʔslja, *ʔsraːʔ |
| 姐 | *ʔsjaːʔ |
| 抯 | *ʔsljaːʔ, *ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː |
| 飷 | *ʔsjaːʔ |
| 且 | *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa |
| 趄 | *sʰjaːs, *sʰa |
| 笡 | *sʰjaːs |
| 查 | *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː |
| 柤 | *ʔsraː |
| 樝 | *ʔsraː |
| 皻 | *ʔsraː |
| 渣 | *ʔsraː |
| 楂 | *zraː |
| 苴 | *zraː, *ʔsa, *ʔsaʔ, *sʰa |
| 駔 | *ʔslaːŋʔ, *zaːʔ |
| 租 | *ʔsaː |
| 蒩 | *ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa |
| 祖 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 組 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 珇 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 靻 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 粗 | *sʰaː, *zaːʔ |
| 徂 | *zaː |
| 殂 | *zaː |
| 麆 | *zaːʔ, *zras |
| 伹 | *zaːʔ, *sʰa |
| 蛆 | *ʔsa, *sʰa |
| 沮 | *ʔsa, *ʔsas, *sʰa, *zaʔ, *ʔsra |
| 咀 | *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ |
| 疽 | *sʰa |
| 雎 | *sʰa |
| 狙 | *sʰa, *sʰas |
| 岨 | *sʰa |
| 砠 | *sʰa |
| 坥 | *sʰa, *sʰas |
| 刞 | *sʰas |
| 覰 | *sʰas |
| 覷 | *sʰas |
| 跙 | *zaʔ |
| 筯 | *das |
| 菹 | *ʔsra |
| 葅 | *ʔsra |
| 阻 | *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras |
| 俎 | *ʔsraʔ |
| 詛 | *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras |
| 鉏 | *zra, *zraʔ |
| 豠 | *zra |
| 鋤 | *zra |
| 耡 | *zra, *zras |
| 齟 | *zraʔ |
| 助 | *zras |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cú (cu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cou$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cú
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cú
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻu$^2$
*** Yale: tsú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tswu
*** Palladius: цу (cu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cou$^4$
*** Yale: chòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰou̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: dzu
Rime :
| Character | 徂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 昨胡切 |
| Baxter | dzu |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zuo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zuo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zo/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zo/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡zʱuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cou$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤa/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zaː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 徂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzu › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]ˁa/ |
| English | advance, go to |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 徂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10405 |
| Phonetic component | 且 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 徂 |
| Old Chinese | /*zaː/ |

#### Definitions

徂
* (literary) to go; to reach
    自西徂東／自西徂东 ― zì xī cú dōng ― to go from west to east
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Wǒ cú dōngshān, tāotāo bù guī. [Pinyin]
    We went to the hills of the east, And long were we there without returning.
* (literary) past
* (literary) Alternative form of 殂 (cú, “to die”)

#### Compounds

* 徂川
* 徂徠山／徂徕山
* 徂暑
* 徂歲／徂岁
* 徂落 (cúluò)
* 徂謝／徂谢 (cúxiè)
* 徂遷／徂迁 (cúqiān)
* 汩徂
* 溯流徂源

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 徂 – see 咗. (This character is a variant form of 咗).

### References

* “徂”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぞ (zo)
* Kan-on: そ (so)
* Kun: ゆく (yuku, 徂く)

## Korean
### Hanja

徂 (eum 조 (jo))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

徂: Hán Nôm readings: tồ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.