# 豺狼
## Chinese
### Etymology

Attested in Pre-Qin texts.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): cháiláng
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄞˊ ㄌㄤˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цэлон (celon, III-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caai$^4$ long$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sài-lòng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sai$^2$ long$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): cǎi-lǒng
* Eastern Min (BUC): chài-lòng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): châi-lông
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cháiláng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄞˊ ㄌㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cháiláng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻai$^2$-lang$^2$
*** Yale: chái-láng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chairlang
*** Palladius: чайлан (čajlan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цэлон (celon, III-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴ lɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caai$^4$ long$^4$
*** Yale: chàaih lòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai$^4$ long$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cai$^4$ long$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːi̯²¹ lɔːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sài-lòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: sai$^ˇ$ long$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sai$^2$ long$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sai̯¹¹ loŋ¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sai$^2$ long$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /saɪ¹¹ lɔŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǎi-lǒng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai²¹ lɔŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chài-lòng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰai⁵³⁻³³ l̃ouŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: châi-lông
*** Tâi-lô: tsâi-lông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zailoong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai¹³⁻²² lɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²³⁻³³ lɔŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: dzreaj lang
Rime :
| Character | 豺 | 狼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I |
| Fanqie | 士皆切 | 魯當切 |
| Baxter | dzreaj | lang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʒˠɛi/ | /lɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖ͡ʐᵚæi/ | /lɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʒɐi/ | /lɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖ͡ʐəɨj/ | /laŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʒɛi/ | /lɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʒɐi/ | /lɑŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɖ͡ʐʱăi/ | /lɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chái | láng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caai$^4$ | long$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤrə [r]ˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zrɯː raːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 豺 | 狼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chái | láng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzreaj › | ‹ lang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]ˁrə/ | /*[r]ˁaŋ/ |
| English | wolf | wolf |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 豺 | 狼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1066 | 8019 |
| Phonetic component | 才 | 良 |
| Rime group | 之 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 豺 | 郎 |
| Old Chinese | /*zrɯː/ | /*raːŋ/ |
| Notes | | 甲文作𤜪 |

### Noun

豺狼
* (literary) the dhole and the wolf
    From: Han Feizi, circa 2nd century BCE, translated based on W. K. Liao's version
    Cháiláng zài láo, qí yáng bù fán. [Pinyin]
    When dholes and wolves are in the pen, sheep never will flourish.
    From: Huainanzi, 2nd century BCE
    Fú xù chíyú zhě bì qù biāntǎ, yǎng qínshòu zhě bì qù cháiláng, yòu kuàng zhì rén hū! [Pinyin]
    One who raises fish in ponds needs to fend off otters; one who rears fowls and livestock needs to fend off dholes and wolves; let alone more to govern people!
* (literary, figurative) evil, cruel person
* (dialectal or loosely) wolf (Classifier: 隻／只 m)
    From: 1878, 郭贊生 [Kwok Chan Sang], trans., 《文法初階》 [Chinese & English Grammar for Beginners: Being an Introduction to Allen and Cornwell's English School Grammar], page 77
    Zhè zhī cháiláng shí le yī zhī yáng. [Pinyin]
    The wolf killed a lamb.
    From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 以賽亞書 (Isaiah) 65:25
    Cháiláng bì yǔ yánggāo tóng shí; shīzi bì chī cǎo yǔ niú yīyàng; chéntǔ bì zuò shé de shíwù. Zài wǒ shèngshān de biànchù, zhè yīqiè dōu bù shāng rén, bù hài wù. Zhè shì Yēhéhuá shuō de. [Pinyin]
    The wolf and the lamb shall feed together, and the lion shall eat straw like the bullock: and dust shall be the serpent's meat. They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain, saith the Lord.

#### Synonyms

* (wolf):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 張三兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 狼, 張三兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 狼, 狼三兒, 張三兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 狼, 張三兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 狼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 狼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 狼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 狼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 狼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 狼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 狼, 媽虎 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 狼, 媽虎, 媽猴 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 狼 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 狼, 張三 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 狼, 媽虎 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 狼, 麻胡 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 狼, 媽虎 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 狼, 媽虎, 媽猴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 狼, 狼扒子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 狼, 大媽虎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 狼, 麻虎兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 狼, 大尾巴狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 狼狼, 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 狼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 狼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 狼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 狼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 狼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 狼, 豺狗子, 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 狼, 豺狗, 豺狗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 狼, 野狗, 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 狼, 豺狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 狼, 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 土豹子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 野狗, 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 狼, 豺狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 狼, 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 豺狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 狼, 豺狗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 狼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 狼 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 狼 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 狼 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 狼, 豺狗 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 豺狼 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 狼 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 狼 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 狼, 麻胡子, 麻虎, 麻圪節, 麻圪夾 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 麻胡 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 狼 |
| Jin | Datong | 狼 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 狼 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 狼, 山神爺兒 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 狼 |
| Jin | Linhe | 狼 |
| Jin | Jining | 狼 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 狼 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 狼 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 狼 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 狼 |
| Jin | Handan | 狼 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 狼 |
| Jin | Suide | 狼, 山神爺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 狼 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 狼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 狼 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 狼 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 普狸 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 狼, 豺狗 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 豺狗 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 狼 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 狼 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 狼 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 狼 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) | 狼 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) | 狼 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) | 狼 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 狼 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) | 狼 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) | 狼 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 狼 |
| Wu | Changshu | 狼 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 狼 |
| Wu | Jiaxing | 狼 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 狼 |
| Wu | Liyang | 狼 |
| Wu | Changzhou (Jintan) | 狼 |
| Wu | Yixing | 狼 |
| Wu | Danyang | 狼 |
| Wu | Danyang (Tongjiaqiao) | 狼 |
| Wu | Jingjiang | 狼 |
| Wu | Jiangyin | 狼 |
| Wu | Huzhou (Shuanglin) | 狼 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 狼 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 狼 |
| Wu | Zhuji (Wangjiajing) | 狼 |
| Wu | Shengzhou (Chongren) | 狼 |
| Wu | Shengzhou (Taiping) | 狼 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 狼 |
| Wu | Yuyao | 狼 |
| Wu | Taizhou (Huangyan) | 狼 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 狼, 狼狗 |
| Wu | Quzhou | 狼 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 狼 |
| Wu | Yongkang | 狼 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 狼 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 狼, 山馬 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 豺狼 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Dong'an | 豺狗 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Changlai) | 豺狗 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Beixiang) | 豺狼 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Huangpu) | 豺狼 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) | 豺狗 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Sanxi) | 豺狗 |

#### Derived terms

* 豺狼座 (Cháilángzuò)
* 豺狼當道／豺狼当道 (cháilángdāngdào)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 豺狼(さいろう) (sairō)
* → Korean: 시랑(豺狼) (sirang)
* → Vietnamese: sài lang (豺狼)