# 志願
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhìyuàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ ㄩㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^3$ jyun$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ-ngien / chṳ-ngian
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chì-goān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zi$^3$ nguang$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhìyuàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄩㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhìhyuàn
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^4$-yüan$^4$
*** Yale: jr̀-ywàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyhyuann
*** Palladius: чжиюань (čžijuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^3$ jyun$^6$
*** Yale: ji yuhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^3$ jyn$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^3$ yun$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː³³ jyːn²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ-ngien
*** Hakka Romanization System: zii ngien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zi$^4$ ngian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ⁵⁵ ŋi̯en⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ-ngian
*** Hakka Romanization System: zii ngian
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zi$^4$ ngian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ⁵⁵ ŋi̯an⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì-goān
*** Tâi-lô: tsì-guān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cie'goan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡuan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡si¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡuan³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zi$^3$ nguang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsì nguăng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋuaŋ³⁵/

### Noun

志願
* aspiration; wish; ideal; preference
    第一志願大學／第一志愿大学 ― dìyī zhìyuàn dàxué ― first-preference university

#### Synonyms

* 希冀 (xījì) (literary)
* 希望 (xīwàng)
* 心願／心愿 (xīnyuàn)
* 志意 (zhìyì) (literary)
* 想兒／想儿 (xiǎngr) (Beijing Mandarin)
* 意願／意愿 (yìyuàn)
* 慾望／欲望 (yùwàng)
* 指望 (zhǐwàng)
* 期冀 (qījì) (literary)
* 期望 (qīwàng)
* 祈願／祈愿 (qíyuàn)
* 願／愿 (yuàn)
* 願望／愿望 (yuànwàng)

#### Derived terms

* 第一志願／第一志愿 (dì-yī zhìyuàn)

### Verb

志願
* to volunteer; to do voluntarily (e.g. dedicate oneself to an endeavour)
    志願服務／志愿服务 ― zhìyuàn fúwù ― to volunteer one's services

#### Derived terms

* 志願兵／志愿兵 (zhìyuànbīng)
* 志願兵役制／志愿兵役制 (zhìyuàn bīngyìzhì)
* 志願員／志愿员 (zhìyuànyuán)
* 志願書／志愿书 (zhìyuànshū)
* 志願者／志愿者 (zhìyuànzhě)
* 志願軍／志愿军 (Zhìyuànjūn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 志 | 願 |
| し Grade: 5 | がん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しがん [shíꜜgàǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕiɡã̠ɴ]

### Noun

志(し)願(がん) • (shigan)
* (act of) volunteering
* wishing for

### Verb

志(し)願(がん)する • (shigan suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 志(し)願(がん)し (shigan shi), past 志(し)願(がん)した (shigan shita))
* apply for, volunteer for
* wish for

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 志願し | しがんし | shigan shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 志願し | しがんし | shigan shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 志願する | しがんする | shigan suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 志願する | しがんする | shigan suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 志願すれ | しがんすれ | shigan sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 志願せよ¹ 志願しろ² | しがんせよ¹ しがんしろ² | shigan seyo¹ shigan shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 志願される | しがんされる | shigan sareru |
| Causative | 志願させる 志願さす | しがんさせる しがんさす | shigan saseru shigan sasu |
| Potential | 志願できる | しがんできる | shigan dekiru |
| Volitional | 志願しよう | しがんしよう | shigan shiyō |
| Negative | 志願しない | しがんしない | shigan shinai |
| Negative continuative | 志願せず | しがんせず | shigan sezu |
| Formal | 志願します | しがんします | shigan shimasu |
| Perfective | 志願した | しがんした | shigan shita |
| Conjunctive | 志願して | しがんして | shigan shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 志願すれば | しがんすれば | shigan sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 志 | 願 |

### Noun

志願 • (jiwon) (hangeul 지원)
* hanja form of 지원