# 比較
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǐjiào, bǐjiǎo, bǐ'ào
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ, ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ, ㄅㄧˇ ㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bei$^2$ gaau$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pí-káu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pí-kàu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bi$^2$ ga$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$pi-ciau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǐjiào
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǐjiào
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^3$-chiao$^4$
*** Yale: bǐ-jyàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biijiaw
*** Palladius: бицзяо (biczjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǐjiǎo [Phonetic: bíjiǎo]
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǐjiǎo
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^3$-chiao$^3$
*** Yale: bǐ-jyǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biijeau
*** Palladius: бицзяо (biczjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, colloquial)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǐ'ào
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ ㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǐ-ào
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^3$-ao$^4$
*** Yale: bǐ-àu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biiaw
*** Palladius: биао (biao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bei$^2$ gaau$^3$
*** Yale: béi gaau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bei$^2$ gaau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: béi$^2$ gao$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pei̯³⁵ kaːu̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pí-káu
*** Hakka Romanization System: bi$^ˋ$ gau$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bi$^3$ gau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /pi³¹ kau̯³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pí-kàu
*** Tâi-lô: pí-kàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: py'kaux
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bi$^2$ ga$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pí kà
*** Sinological IPA : /pi⁵²⁻³⁵ ka²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$pi-ciau
*** MiniDict: pi$^去$ ciau
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$pi-jiau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pi³³ t͡ɕiɔ⁴⁴/

### Verb

比較
* to compare; to contrast
    並排比較／并排比较 ― bìngpái bǐjiào ― side-by-side comparison

#### Synonyms

* 例 (lì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 對比／对比 (duìbǐ)
* 對照／对照 (duìzhào)
* 擬／拟 (nǐ) (literary, or in compounds)
* 比並／比并 (bī-piâng) (Eastern Min)
* 比對／比对 (bǐduì)
* 比擬／比拟 (bǐnǐ)
* 比照 (bǐzhào)
* 視／视 (shì) (archaic)
* 進行比較／进行比较 (jìnxíng bǐjiào)

#### Related terms

* 評比／评比 (píngbǐ)
* 評判／评判 (píngpàn)

### Adverb

比較
* comparatively; relatively; fairly; quite
       Nǐ kě bù kěyǐ tuījiàn jǐge bǐjiào hǎo de xuéxiào? [Pinyin]
       Could you recommend a few good schools?
       Zǒngdeláishuō, wǒ zhè yīdài hái suàn bǐjiào kāitōng. [Pinyin]
       Generally speaking, my generation can be considered quite open-minded.

#### Usage notes

While pí-kàu can be used as an adverb in Hokkien, the term 較／较 (khah / khà) tends to be used in more colloquial settings.

#### Synonyms

* 相對／相对 (xiāngduì)
* 較為／较为

### Derived terms

* 比較價格／比较价格 (bǐjiào jiàgé)
* 比較文學／比较文学 (bǐjiào wénxué)
* 比較法學／比较法学 (bǐjiào fǎxué)
* 比較等級／比较等级 (bǐjiào děngjí)
* 比較語言學／比较语言学 (bǐjiào yǔyánxué)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 比 | 較 |
| ひ Grade: 5 | かく Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From 比 (hi, “compare”) + 較 (kaku, “compare”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひかく [hìkákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çi̥ka̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

比(ひ)較(かく) • (hikaku)
* comparison

#### Derived terms

* 比較器 (hikakuki): comparator
* 比較級 (hikakukyū): comparative, comparative degree
* 比較式 (hikakushiki): comparison expression
* 比較的 (hikakuteki): comparative, relative
* 比較関係 (hikaku kankei): comparative relation
* 比較条件 (hikaku jōken): relation condition
* 比較対照 (hikaku taishō): comparison and contrast
* 比較文化 (hikaku bunka): comparative culture
* 比較文学 (hikaku bungaku): comparative literature
* 比較文字 (hikaku moji): relation character
* 比較法学 (hikaku hōgaku): comparative law
* 比較演算子 (hikaku enzanshi): relational operator, relation
* 比較言語学 (hikaku gengogaku): comparative linguistics
* 比較行動学 (hikaku kōdōgaku): ethology
* 比較生理学 (hikaku seirigaku): comparative physiology
* 比較発生学 (hikaku hasseigaku): comparative embryology
* 直接比較 (chokusetsu hikaku): direct comparison
* 論理比較 (ronri hikaku): logical comparison
* 略記組合せ比較条件 (ryakki kumiawase hikaku jōken): abbreviated combined relation condition

### Verb

比(ひ)較(かく)する • (hikaku suru) transitive suru (stem 比(ひ)較(かく)し (hikaku shi), past 比(ひ)較(かく)した (hikaku shita))
* compare with, draw a comparison

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 比較し | ひかくし | hikaku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 比較し | ひかくし | hikaku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 比較する | ひかくする | hikaku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 比較する | ひかくする | hikaku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 比較すれ | ひかくすれ | hikaku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 比較せよ¹ 比較しろ² | ひかくせよ¹ ひかくしろ² | hikaku seyo¹ hikaku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 比較される | ひかくされる | hikaku sareru |
| Causative | 比較させる 比較さす | ひかくさせる ひかくさす | hikaku saseru hikaku sasu |
| Potential | 比較できる | ひかくできる | hikaku dekiru |
| Volitional | 比較しよう | ひかくしよう | hikaku shiyō |
| Negative | 比較しない | ひかくしない | hikaku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 比較せず | ひかくせず | hikaku sezu |
| Formal | 比較します | ひかくします | hikaku shimasu |
| Perfective | 比較した | ひかくした | hikaku shita |
| Conjunctive | 比較して | ひかくして | hikaku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 比較すれば | ひかくすれば | hikaku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 比 | 較 |

### Noun

比較 • (bigyo) (hangeul 비교)
* hanja form of 비교 (“comparison”)