# proximus
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* proxumus

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *prokʷism̥mos, from *prokʷe (whence prope). See also -issimus.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈprok.si.mus/, [ˈprɔks̠ɪmʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈprok.si.mus/, [ˈprɔksimus]

### Adjective

proximus (feminine proxima, neuter proximum); first/second declension
superlative degree of prope
* nearest, next
    Synonyms: vīcīnus, propinquus, contiguus, fīnitimus
    Antonyms: remōtus, longinquus
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.157–158:Dēfessī Aeneadae quae proxima lītora cursū contendunt petere, et Libyae vertuntur ad ōrās.The weary followers of Aeneas hasten to find which [are] the nearest shores along [their] journey, and [so] they turn toward the coast of Libya.
* adjoining

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Antonyms

* ultimus

#### Derived terms

* proximitās
* proximō
* proximus egomet mihi
* Proxima Centauri

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** → Albanian: prozhëm (“small forest”)
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: prossimo
** Sicilian: pròssumu
* Padanian: (some modern forms likely influenced by Italian)
** Friulian: prossim
** Old Ligurian: prosem
** Piedmontese: pròssim
** Romansch: prossem
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Old French: proisme, proesme
*** Middle French: proisme, presme
*** → Middle English: prome
** Poitevin-Saintongeais: presme
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: proïsme, pruyme
** Old Occitan: prosme, pruesme
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: prossima (“pregnant (ref. to livestock)”)
* Borrowings:
** → Catalan: pròxim
** → English: proxime
** → Galician: próximo
** → Portuguese: próximo
** → Romanian: proxim
** → Spanish: prójimo, próximo
** → Asturian: prósimu

### Adverb

proximus
* superlative degree of prope

### Noun

proximus m (genitive proximī); second declension
* nearest person
* next person, next one
* neighbour
** c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Jerome, Vulgate: Exodus 20.16:Non loqueris contra proximum tuum falsum testimonium.Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | proximus | proximī |
| Genitive | proximī | proximōrum |
| Dative | proximō | proximīs |
| Accusative | proximum | proximōs |
| Ablative | proximō | proximīs |
| Vocative | proxime | proximī |

### References

* “proximus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “proximus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* proximus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* proximus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the atmosphere: aer qui est terrae proximus (ambiguous) to be not far away: prope (propius, proxime) abesse (ambiguous) (1) last year; (2) next year: proximo anno (ambiguous) to be very near the truth: proxime ad verum accedere
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “prŏxĭmus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 9: Placabilis–Pyxis, page 489