# 田園
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tiányuán
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tin$^4$ jyun$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thièn-yèn / thièn-yàn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiân-oân / chhân-hn̂g / chhân-hûiⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cang$^5$ hng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$di-yoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiányuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tiányuán
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^2$-yüan$^2$
*** Yale: tyán-ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyanyuan
*** Palladius: тяньюань (tjanʹjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$田原 田園／田园
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tin$^4$ jyun$^4$
*** Yale: tìhn yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tin$^4$ jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tin$^4$ yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiːn²¹ jyːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thièn-yèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: tien$^ˇ$ ien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tian$^2$ yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en¹¹ i̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thièn-yàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: tien$^ˇ$ (r)ian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tian$^2$ yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en¹¹ (j)i̯an¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiân-oân
*** Tâi-lô: tiân-uân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dien'oaan
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /tiɛn²⁴⁻²² uan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɛn¹³⁻²² uan¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhân-hn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: tshân-hn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhanhngg
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰan²³⁻³³ hŋ̍²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰan²⁴⁻¹¹ hŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /t͡sʰan²⁴⁻²² hŋ̍²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhân-hûiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tshân-huînn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhanhvuii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰan¹³⁻²² huĩ¹³/
* tiân-oân - literary;
* chhân-hn̂g/chhân-hûiⁿ - vernacular, farmland.
* Middle Chinese: den hjwon
Rime :
| Character | 田 | 園 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 徒年切 | 雨元切 |
| Baxter | den | hjwon |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /den/ | /ɦʉɐn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /den/ | /ɦʷiɐn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛn/ | /ɣiuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛn/ | /ɦuan/ |
| Li Rong | /den/ | /ɣiuɐn/ |
| Wang Li | /dien/ | /ɣĭwɐn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱien/ | /i̯wɐn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tián | yuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tin$^4$ | jyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤiŋ C.ɢʷa[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'iːŋ ɢʷan/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 田 | 園 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tián | yuán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ den › | ‹ hjwon › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁiŋ/ | /*C.ɢʷa[n]/ |
| English | field; to hunt | garden |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 田 | 園 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12392 | 16221 |
| Phonetic component | 田 | 袁 |
| Rime group | 眞 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 田 | 袁 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'iːŋ/ | /*ɢʷan/ |

### Noun

田園
* the countryside; the country; rural area
       Yào wǒ shuō a, xiāngxià měilì de tiányuán fēngguāng jiù bǐ fēngjǐngqū de hǎo. [Pinyin]
       If you ask me, the scenery in the countryside is more beautiful than that in the scenic spots.
* (Southern Min) agricultural field; cropland; farmland

#### Synonyms

* (countryside):
* 四鄉／四乡 (sìxiāng) (countryside around a town)
* 山野 (shānyě) (figurative)
* 庄跤 (“chng-kha”) (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 村野 (cūnyě)
* 田舍 (tiánshè) (literary)
* 田野 (tiányě)
* 田間／田间 (tiánjiān)
* 草地 (cao$^2$ di$^7$) (Teochew, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 草野 (cǎoyě) (literary)
* 莊下／庄下 (Hakka)
* 農村／农村 (nóngcūn)
* 郊野 (jiāoyě)
* 鄉下／乡下
* 鄉村／乡村 (xiāngcūn)
* 鄉社／乡社 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 鄉裡／乡里 (xian$^1$ li) (Xiang)
* 鄉間／乡间 (xiāngjiān) (in the countryside)
* 野外 (yěwài)
* (farmland):
* 四界 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 田 (tián)
* 田土 (tiántǔ) (regional)
* 田地 (tiándì)
* 耕地 (gēngdì)
* 莊稼地／庄稼地 (zhuāngjiadì)
* 農田／农田 (nóngtián)

### Adjective

田園
* (attributive) idyllic; pastoral

### Derived terms

* 田園化／田园化
* 田園女權／田园女权 (tiányuán nǚquán)
* 田園詩／田园诗

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 田 | 園 |
| でん Grade: 1 | えん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Alternative forms

* 田苑

### Noun

田(でん)園(えん) • (den'en)
* the country; countryside; a rural area
* cultivated land