# 爛

| 爛 | U+721B, &#29211; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-721B |
| ← 爚 [U+721A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 爜 → [U+721C] |
| 爛 | U+F91E, &#63774; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F91E |
| ← 欄 [U+F91D] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 蘭 → [U+F91F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

爛 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+17, 21 strokes, cangjie input 火日弓田 (FANW), four-corner 9782$_0$, composition ⿰火闌)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 687, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19604
* Dae Jaweon: page 1099, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2249, character 2
* Unihan data for U+721B
* Unihan data for U+F91E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 爛
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 蘭 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 攔 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 欄 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 瀾 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns |
| 讕 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns |
| 闌 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 韊 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 幱 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 籣 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 躝 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 爛 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 爤 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 鑭 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 糷 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 斕 | *ɡ·reːn |
| 揀 | *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns |
| 柬 | *kreːnʔ |
| 暕 | *kreːnʔ |
| 諫 | *kraːns |
| 練 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 鍊 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 煉 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 楝 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 萰 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 堜 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 湅 | *ɡ·reːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): làn (lan$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nan$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): laan$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lan
* Northern Min (KCR): lṳ̄ing
* Eastern Min (BUC): lâng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): nōa / lān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): nuan$^7$ / lang$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$le
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: làn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: làn
*** Wade–Giles: lan$^4$
*** Yale: làn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lann
*** Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /län⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nan$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lan
*** Sinological IPA : /nan²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laan$^6$
*** Yale: laahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lan$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lan
*** Hakka Romanization System: lan
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /lan⁵⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̄ing
*** Sinological IPA : /lyiŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lâng
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ɑŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nōa
*** Tâi-lô: nuā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: noa
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /nuã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nuã³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /nuã²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lān
*** Tâi-lô: lān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lan
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lan³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /lan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lan²²/
* nōa - vernacular;
* lān - literary.
* Middle Chinese: lanH
Rime :
| Character | 爛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 郎旰切 |
| Baxter | lanH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /lɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | làn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | laan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤan-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 爛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | làn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lan$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁan-s/ |
| English | cooked until soft |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 爛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6130 |
| Phonetic component | 柬 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 爛 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·raːns/ |

### Definitions

爛
* (of fruits, etc.) rotten; spoiled; decayed
    爛蘋果／烂苹果 ― làn píngguǒ ― rotten apple
* well-cooked; soft; mushy
       keoi$^5$ zung$^1$ ji$^3$ di$^1$ syu$^4$ zai$^2$ zyu$^2$ dak$^1$ hou$^2$ laan$^6$. [Jyutping]
       He likes his potatoes cooked very mushy.
* broken; fragmented; shattered
       keoi$^5$ zing$^2$ laan$^6$ kei$^4$ taa$^1$ jan$^4$ di$^1$ je$^5$ dou$^1$ m$^4$ zi$^1$ co$^3$. [Jyutping]
       He didn't apologize even though he broke someone else's things.
* low-quality; poor; lousy
    爛gag／烂gag [Cantonese] ― laan$^6$ gag [Jyutping] ― bad joke
    我的英文很爛。／我的英文很烂。 ― Wǒ de yīngwén hěn làn. ― My English is awful.
* to rot; to decay; to decompose; to spoil
* completely; thoroughly
* bright; brilliant; gorgeous; magnificent
* (Cantonese) to be addicted to
    Synonym: 嗜 (shì)
    爛瞓／烂𰥛 [Cantonese] ― laan$^6$ fan$^3$ [Jyutping] ― to habitually sleep too much; to be a lover of sleep
    爛賭／烂赌 [Cantonese] ― laan$^6$ dou$^2$ [Jyutping] ― fond of gambling
* (Cantonese) extremely
    抵到爛／抵到烂 [Cantonese] ― dai$^2$ dou$^3$ laan$^6$ [Jyutping] ― to be extremely cost-effective; to be a great bargain
* Used in 爛漫／烂漫 (lànmàn).

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 爛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 爛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 爛 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 爛 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 爛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 爛 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 糜 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 糜 |

### Compounds

* 下三爛／下三烂 (xiàsānlàn)
* 光輝燦爛／光辉灿烂 (guānghuīcànlàn)
* 土崩魚爛／土崩鱼烂
* 天真爛漫／天真烂漫 (tiānzhēnlànmàn)
* 希爛／希烂
* 打爛／打烂 (dǎlàn)
* 打爛帳／打烂帐
* 扯爛汙／扯烂污
* 拆爛汙／拆烂污
* 拾破爛／拾破烂
* 揀破爛／拣破烂
* 撕爛／撕烂
* 撿破爛／捡破烂 (jiǎn pòlàn)
* 斷爛朝報／断烂朝报
* 朽爛／朽烂 (xiǔlàn)
* 朱墨爛然／朱墨烂然
* 柯爛忘歸／柯烂忘归
* 海枯石爛／海枯石烂 (hǎikūshílàn)
* 滾瓜爛熟／滚瓜烂熟 (gǔnguālànshú)
* 潰爛／溃烂 (kuìlàn)
* 焦沙爛石／焦沙烂石
* 焜爛／焜烂
* 焦頭爛額／焦头烂额 (jiāotóulàn'é)
* 熀爛／熀烂
* 燈光燦爛／灯光灿烂
* 燋爛／燋烂
* 燋頭爛額／燋头烂额
* 燦爛／灿烂 (cànlàn)
* 燦爛奪目／灿烂夺目
* 爛不濟／烂不济
* 爛了嘴／烂了嘴
* 爛了舌頭／烂了舌头
* 爛化／烂化
* 爛口／烂口
* 爛好人／烂好人 (lànhǎorén)
* 爛帳／烂帐 (lànzhàng)
* 爛忠厚／烂忠厚
* 爛攤子／烂摊子 (làntānzi)
* 爛料／烂料
* 爛板洋錢／烂板洋钱
* 爛板烏龜／烂板乌龟
* 爛柯／烂柯 (lànkē)
* 爛殺／烂杀
* 爛汙貨／烂污货
* 爛泥／烂泥 (lànní)
* 爛漫／烂漫 (lànmàn)
* 爛然／烂然
* 爛熳／烂熳 (lànmàn)
* 爛熟／烂熟 (lànshú)
* 爛爛兒的／烂烂儿的
* 爛片／烂片
* 爛糊／烂糊
* 爛縵／烂缦 (lànmàn)
* 爛羊頭／烂羊头
* 爛腸子／烂肠子
* 爛舌頭／烂舌头
* 爛若披錦／烂若披锦
* 爛賬／烂账
* 爛遊／烂游 (lànyóu)
* 爛醉／烂醉
* 爛醉如泥／烂醉如泥
* 爛醬／烂酱
* 爛銀盤／烂银盘 (lànyínpán)
* 爛頭寸／烂头寸 (làntóucùn)
* 爛額焦頭／烂额焦头
* 爛飯／烂饭 (lànfàn)
* 珠斗爛班
* 皮焦肉爛／皮焦肉烂
* 石爛海枯／石烂海枯
* 破爛／破烂 (pòlàn)
* 砸爛／砸烂 (zálàn)
* 破爛不堪／破烂不堪 (pòlànbùkān)
* 破爛兒／破烂儿
* 破爛流丟／破烂流丢
* 破銅爛鐵／破铜烂铁 (pòtónglàntiě)
* 稀巴爛／稀巴烂 (xībālàn)
* 稀爛／稀烂 (xīlàn)
* 米爛成倉／米烂成仓
* 糜爛／糜烂 (mílàn)
* 絢爛／绚烂 (xuànlàn)
* 綿爛／绵烂 (mî-nōa) (Min Nan)
* 腐爛／腐烂 (fǔlàn)
* 臭街爛巷／臭街烂巷
* 那爛陀／那烂陀
* 霉爛 (méilàn)
* 靡爛／靡烂
* 魚爛／鱼烂
* 魚爛土崩／鱼烂土崩
* 魚爛而亡／鱼烂而亡

### References

* “爛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* be sore
* inflamed
* bleary
* fester

#### Readings

* Go-on: らん (ran)
* Kan-on: らん (ran)
* Kun: ただれる (tadareru, 爛れる)

## Korean
### Hanja

爛 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

爛: Hán Nôm readings: lạn, láng, rạn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.