# être
## Bourbonnais-Berrichon
### Etymology

From Old French estre, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

### Verb

être
* to be

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | être | être | être | être | être |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | étant | étant | étant | étant | étant |
| auxiliary | auxiliary | auxiliary | être | être | être | être | être |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | étà | étà | étée | étée |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | étas | étas | étée | étée |
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| indicative | | i | tu (t') | i (il), èle, soé, ça | nous (n') | ous | i (il), èles |
| indicative | present | su | es | é | sons | essez | sont |
| indicative | imperfect | essin | essos | essot | essians | essiez | essiant |
| indicative | preterite | fus | fus | fut | fûmes | fûtes | furont |
| indicative | future | serai | seras | sera | serons | serez | seront |
| indicative | conditional | serin | seros | serot | serians | seriez | seriant |
| subjunctive | | que je (j') | que tu (t') | qu'ai (el), qu'ale | que je (j') | que vos | qu'ai (el), qu'ales |
| subjunctive | present | siye | siyes | siye | siyans | siyez | siyant |
| subjunctive | imperfect | fusse | fusses | fusse | fussians | fussiez | fussiant |
| imperative | | — | tu | — | je (j') | vos | — |
| imperative | present | | siye | | siyans | siyez | |

## French
### Etymology

From Middle French and Old French estre and ester, respectively from Early Medieval Latin essere (< esse "be") and Latin stāre (“stand”). Conjugations reflect both but more so the former. The form suis "(I) am" appears to reflect Vulgar Latin *suiō < Latin sum. Compare ai "(I) have", sais "(I) know" < *aiō, *saiō < habeō, sapiō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛtʁ/
** Audio (Paris); [ɛtχ]:(file)
** Rhymes: -ɛtʁ
* IPA: /ɛːtʁ/ (older, now chiefly Belgium and Canada)
** Audio (Quebec, Montreal); [aɛ̯tχ]:(file)
** Audio (France, West); [ɛːtχ]:(file)
* (Louisiana) IPA: /ɛtrə/, /dɛt/
* Homophones: aître, aîtres, êtres (general), hêtre, hêtres (aspirated)
* Hyphenation: être

### Verb

être
* to be
    Vous devez être plus clairs.You must be clearer.
* (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of certain verbs (including all reflexive verbs)
    Après être allé au yoga, je suis rentré chez moi.After having gone to yoga, I came back home.
* (semi-auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice)
    Il peut être battu ce soir.He can be beaten this evening.

#### Derived terms

French terms starting with “être”
* ça a été
* ça y est
* ceci étant
* cela étant
* c’est
* en être
* être à
* il était une fois
* n’est-ce pas
* peut-être
* quel que soit
* quoi que ce soit
* quoi qu’il en soit
* raison d’être
* si ce n’est
* s’en être

#### Related terms

* ester

#### See also

* avoir

### Noun

être m (plural êtres)
* being, creature
* (uncountable) being, the state or fact of existence
** 1943, Jean-Paul Sartre, L'Être et le néant:

#### Related terms

* être humain

### Further reading

* “être”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Lorrain
### Etymology

From Old French estre, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

### Verb

être
* to be

#### Conjugation

| | | simple | simple | simple | compound | compound | compound |
| infinitive | infinitive | estre | estre | estre | estre estu | estre estu | estre estu |
| gerund | gerund | estant | estant | estant | estant estu | estant estu | estant estu |
| auxiliary verb | auxiliary verb | estre | estre | estre | estre | estre | estre |
| past participle | | masculine | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | singular | estu | estu | estu | estue | estue | estue |
| past participle | plural | estus | estus | estus | estues | estues | estues |
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| indicative | | je / ju / jou / i | tu (t') | el, elle | nos | vos | el, elles |
| indicative | present | seui | es | est | sams | êtes | sont |
| indicative | imperfect | ère | ères | ère | estiems | estiez | estient |
| indicative | near imperfect | estoyor | estoisor | estoitor | estiensor | estiézor | estientor |
| indicative | preterite | fui | fus | fut | fums | fûtes | furent |
| indicative | future | serai | serais | serait | seroms | seroz | seront |
| indicative | conditional | seroie | serois | seroit | seriems | seriez | serient |
| compound tenses | present perfect | present indicative of estre + past participle | present indicative of estre + past participle | present indicative of estre + past participle | present indicative of estre + past participle | present indicative of estre + past participle | present indicative of estre + past participle |
| compound tenses | pluperfect | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle |
| compound tenses | past anterior | preterite indicative of estre + past participle | preterite indicative of estre + past participle | preterite indicative of estre + past participle | preterite indicative of estre + past participle | preterite indicative of estre + past participle | preterite indicative of estre + past participle |
| compound tenses | future perfect | future indicative of estre + past participle | future indicative of estre + past participle | future indicative of estre + past participle | future indicative of estre + past participle | future indicative of estre + past participle | future indicative of estre + past participle |
| compound tenses | conditional perfect | conditional of estre + past participle | conditional of estre + past participle | conditional of estre + past participle | conditional of estre + past participle | conditional of estre + past participle | conditional of estre + past participle |
| subjunctive | | que je / ju / jou / qu’i | que te (t') | qu'el, qu’elle | que nos | que vos | qu'el, qu’elles |
| subjunctive | present | soye | sois | soit | siems | siez | sient |
| subjunctive | imperfect | fusse | fusses | fusse | fussems | fussez | fussent |
| compound tenses | past | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | present subjunctive of estre + past participle |
| compound tenses | pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle |
| imperative | imperative | — | tu | — | nos | vos | — |
| imperative | imperative | | sois | | siems | siez | |
| | | simple | simple | simple | compound | compound | compound |
| infinitive | infinitive | estre | estre | estre | estre estu | estre estu | estre estu |
| gerund | gerund | estant | estant | estant | estant estu | estant estu | estant estu |
| auxiliary verb | auxiliary verb | estre | estre | estre | estre | estre | estre |
| past participle | | masculine | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | singular | estu | estu | estu | estue | estue | estue |
| past participle | plural | estus | estus | estus | estues | estues | estues |
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| indicative | | je / ju / jou / i | tu (t') | el, elle | nos | vos | el, elles |
| indicative | present | seui | es | est | estams | estoz | sont |
| indicative | imperfect | estoie | estois | estoit | estiems | estiez | estient |
| indicative | near imperfect | estoyor | estoisor | estoitor | estiensor | estiézor | estientor |
| indicative | preterite | fui | fus | fut | fums | fûtes | furent |
| indicative | future | serai | serais | serait | seroms | seroz | seront |
| indicative | conditional | seroie | serois | seroit | seriems | seriez | serient |
| compound tenses | present perfect | present indicative of estre + past participle | present indicative of estre + past participle | present indicative of estre + past participle | present indicative of estre + past participle | present indicative of estre + past participle | present indicative of estre + past participle |
| compound tenses | pluperfect | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle |
| compound tenses | past anterior | preterite indicative of estre + past participle | preterite indicative of estre + past participle | preterite indicative of estre + past participle | preterite indicative of estre + past participle | preterite indicative of estre + past participle | preterite indicative of estre + past participle |
| compound tenses | future perfect | future indicative of estre + past participle | future indicative of estre + past participle | future indicative of estre + past participle | future indicative of estre + past participle | future indicative of estre + past participle | future indicative of estre + past participle |
| compound tenses | conditional perfect | conditional of estre + past participle | conditional of estre + past participle | conditional of estre + past participle | conditional of estre + past participle | conditional of estre + past participle | conditional of estre + past participle |
| subjunctive | | que je / ju / jou / qu’i | que te (t') | qu'el, qu’elle | que nos | que vos | qu'el, qu’elles |
| subjunctive | present | estesse | estesses | estesse | estiensse | estiesse | estiensse |
| subjunctive | imperfect | fusse | fusses | fusse | fussems | fussez | fussent |
| compound tenses | past | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | present subjunctive of estre + past participle |
| compound tenses | pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle |
| imperative | imperative | — | tu | — | nos | vos | — |
| imperative | imperative | | sois | | siems | siez | |
| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | être, estre, yêtre, yestre | être, estre, yêtre, yestre | être, estre, yêtre, yestre | être, estre, yêtre, yestre | être, estre, yêtre, yestre |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | estant, étant, atant | estant, étant, atant | estant, étant, atant | estant, étant, atant | estant, étant, atant |
| auxiliary | auxiliary | auxiliary | estre/être or aivoir | estre/être or aivoir | estre/être or aivoir | estre/être or aivoir | estre/être or aivoir |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | estu, étu | estu, étu | estue, étue | estue, étue |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | estus, étus | estus, étus | estues, étues | estues, étues |
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| indicative | | je (j') | tu | el, elle | nos | vos | el, elles |
| indicative | present | seu, seue, seus, seui, soï, sue | as, os | ôt, ât | estams, étams, âtams, sams, soms | âtes, âtez, êtez, étoz, ôtes, soms | sant, sont |
| indicative | distant imperfect (from Latin er-) | ère | ères | ère | estims | estiez | estint |
| indicative | distant imperfect (from Latin stab-) | estoie, étoie, étoe, éto, étos, éteue, étaie, étais | estois, étois, étos, éteus, étais | estoit, étoit, étot, était | estins, étins, étains | estins, étins, étains | estint, étint, étaint |
| indicative | near imperfect | estoyor, estoisor, étor, étosor, étaisor | estoisor, étosor, étaisor | estoitor, étotor, étaitor | estinor, étinor, étainor | estinor, étinor, étainor | estintor, étintor, étaintor |
| indicative | preterite | feus | feus | feut | feurens, feussens, feuhhens, fums | feurens, feussens, feuhhens, feustes | feurent, feussent, feuhhent, feustent |
| indicative | future | serâ | serais | serai | serons | seroz | seront |
| indicative | conditional | seroie, seraie, seros, sereue | serois, seros, sereus | seroit, serot | serînens, serins | serînens, serins | serînent, serint |
| subjunctive | | que je / qu'i | que tu | qu'â (al), qu'ale | que je / qu'i | que vos | qu'âs, qu'ales |
| subjunctive | present | soye, saye, seue, estesse, atesse, éteuhhe | soyes, sayes, seues, estesses, atesse, éteuhhes | soye, saye, sot, soit, estesse, atesse, éteuhhe | sinssens, estinssens, atinssens, étinssens, étinhhens | sinssens, estinssens, atinssens, étinssens, étinhhens | sinssent, estinssent, atinssent, étinssent, étinhhent |
| subjunctive | imperfect | feusse, feuhhe | feusses, feuhhes | feusse, feuhhe | feussens, feuhhens | feussens, feuhhens | feussent, feuhhent |
| imperative | | — | tu | — | nos | vos | — |
| imperative | present | | (soye, saye, sos, seus) | | — | — | |

## Norman
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Jersey):(file)

### Verb

être (Jersey)
* Alternative form of ête (“to be”)