# nquma
## Phuthi
### Verb

-nquma
* to become dry

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-nquma$^?$
* (transitive) to congeal, to freeze

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ᵑǃúːma/

### Verb

-nqúma
* (transitive) to cut off, to sever, to amputate
* (transitive) to decide

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukunquma |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukunquma | ukunganqumi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | nquma | -nqume |
| Plural | nqumani | -nqumeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyanquma, nginquma | enginqumayo, enginquma | nginquma | anginqumi | enginganqumi | nginganqumi |
| 2nd singular | uyanquma, unquma | onqumayo, onquma | unquma | awunqumi | onganqumi | unganqumi |
| 1st plural | siyanquma, sinquma | esinqumayo, esinquma | sinquma | asinqumi | esinganqumi | singanqumi |
| 2nd plural | niyanquma, ninquma | eninqumayo, eninquma | ninquma | aninqumi | eninganqumi | ninganqumi |
| Class 1 | uyanquma, unquma | onqumayo, onquma | enquma | akanqumi | onganqumi | enganqumi |
| Class 2 | bayanquma, banquma | abanqumayo, abanquma | benquma | abanqumi | abanganqumi | benganqumi |
| Class 3 | uyanquma, unquma | onqumayo, onquma | unquma | awunqumi | onganqumi | unganqumi |
| Class 4 | iyanquma, inquma | enqumayo, enquma | inquma | ayinqumi | enganqumi | inganqumi |
| Class 5 | liyanquma, linquma | elinqumayo, elinquma | linquma | alinqumi | elinganqumi | linganqumi |
| Class 6 | ayanquma, anquma | anqumayo, anquma | enquma | awanqumi | anganqumi | enganqumi |
| Class 7 | siyanquma, sinquma | esinqumayo, esinquma | sinquma | asinqumi | esinganqumi | singanqumi |
| Class 8 | ziyanquma, zinquma | ezinqumayo, ezinquma | zinquma | azinqumi | ezinganqumi | zinganqumi |
| Class 9 | iyanquma, inquma | enqumayo, enquma | inquma | ayinqumi | enganqumi | inganqumi |
| Class 10 | ziyanquma, zinquma | ezinqumayo, ezinquma | zinquma | azinqumi | ezinganqumi | zinganqumi |
| Class 11 | luyanquma, lunquma | olunqumayo, olunquma | lunquma | alunqumi | olunganqumi | lunganqumi |
| Class 14 | buyanquma, bunquma | obunqumayo, obunquma | bunquma | abunqumi | obunganqumi | bunganqumi |
| Class 15 | kuyanquma, kunquma | okunqumayo, okunquma | kunquma | akunqumi | okunganqumi | kunganqumi |
| Class 17 | kuyanquma, kunquma | okunqumayo, okunquma | kunquma | akunqumi | okunganqumi | kunganqumi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | nginqumile, nginqumē | enginqumile, enginqumē | nginqumile, nginqumē | anginqumanga | enginganqumanga | nginganqumanga |
| 2nd singular | unqumile, unqumē | onqumile, onqumē | unqumile, unqumē | awunqumanga | onganqumanga | unganqumanga |
| 1st plural | sinqumile, sinqumē | esinqumile, esinqumē | sinqumile, sinqumē | asinqumanga | esinganqumanga | singanqumanga |
| 2nd plural | ninqumile, ninqumē | eninqumile, eninqumē | ninqumile, ninqumē | aninqumanga | eninganqumanga | ninganqumanga |
| Class 1 | unqumile, unqumē | onqumile, onqumē | enqumile, enqumē | akanqumanga | onganqumanga | enganqumanga |
| Class 2 | banqumile, banqumē | abanqumile, abanqumē | benqumile, benqumē | abanqumanga | abanganqumanga | benganqumanga |
| Class 3 | unqumile, unqumē | onqumile, onqumē | unqumile, unqumē | awunqumanga | onganqumanga | unganqumanga |
| Class 4 | inqumile, inqumē | enqumile, enqumē | inqumile, inqumē | ayinqumanga | enganqumanga | inganqumanga |
| Class 5 | linqumile, linqumē | elinqumile, elinqumē | linqumile, linqumē | alinqumanga | elinganqumanga | linganqumanga |
| Class 6 | anqumile, anqumē | anqumile, anqumē | enqumile, enqumē | awanqumanga | anganqumanga | enganqumanga |
| Class 7 | sinqumile, sinqumē | esinqumile, esinqumē | sinqumile, sinqumē | asinqumanga | esinganqumanga | singanqumanga |
| Class 8 | zinqumile, zinqumē | ezinqumile, ezinqumē | zinqumile, zinqumē | azinqumanga | ezinganqumanga | zinganqumanga |
| Class 9 | inqumile, inqumē | enqumile, enqumē | inqumile, inqumē | ayinqumanga | enganqumanga | inganqumanga |
| Class 10 | zinqumile, zinqumē | ezinqumile, ezinqumē | zinqumile, zinqumē | azinqumanga | ezinganqumanga | zinganqumanga |
| Class 11 | lunqumile, lunqumē | olunqumile, olunqumē | lunqumile, lunqumē | alunqumanga | olunganqumanga | lunganqumanga |
| Class 14 | bunqumile, bunqumē | obunqumile, obunqumē | bunqumile, bunqumē | abunqumanga | obunganqumanga | bunganqumanga |
| Class 15 | kunqumile, kunqumē | okunqumile, okunqumē | kunqumile, kunqumē | akunqumanga | okunganqumanga | kunganqumanga |
| Class 17 | kunqumile, kunqumē | okunqumile, okunqumē | kunqumile, kunqumē | akunqumanga | okunganqumanga | kunganqumanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngānquma | engānquma | ngānquma | anginqumanga | enginganqumanga | nginganqumanga |
| 2nd singular | wānquma | owānquma | wānquma | awunqumanga | onganqumanga | unganqumanga |
| 1st plural | sānquma | esānquma | sānquma | asinqumanga | esinganqumanga | singanqumanga |
| 2nd plural | nānquma | enānquma | nānquma | aninqumanga | eninganqumanga | ninganqumanga |
| Class 1 | wānquma | owānquma | ānquma | akanqumanga | onganqumanga | enganqumanga |
| Class 2 | bānquma | abānquma | bānquma | abanqumanga | abanganqumanga | benganqumanga |
| Class 3 | wānquma | owānquma | wānquma | awunqumanga | onganqumanga | unganqumanga |
| Class 4 | yānquma | eyānquma | yānquma | ayinqumanga | enganqumanga | inganqumanga |
| Class 5 | lānquma | elānquma | lānquma | alinqumanga | elinganqumanga | linganqumanga |
| Class 6 | ānquma | ānquma | ānquma | awanqumanga | anganqumanga | enganqumanga |
| Class 7 | sānquma | esānquma | sānquma | asinqumanga | esinganqumanga | singanqumanga |
| Class 8 | zānquma | ezānquma | zānquma | azinqumanga | ezinganqumanga | zinganqumanga |
| Class 9 | yānquma | eyānquma | yānquma | ayinqumanga | enganqumanga | inganqumanga |
| Class 10 | zānquma | ezānquma | zānquma | azinqumanga | ezinganqumanga | zinganqumanga |
| Class 11 | lwānquma | olwānquma | lwānquma | alunqumanga | olunganqumanga | lunganqumanga |
| Class 14 | bānquma | obānquma | bānquma | abunqumanga | obunganqumanga | bunganqumanga |
| Class 15 | kwānquma | okwānquma | kwānquma | akunqumanga | okunganqumanga | kunganqumanga |
| Class 17 | kwānquma | okwānquma | kwānquma | akunqumanga | okunganqumanga | kunganqumanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | nginganquma | — | nginganquma | ngingenqume | — | ngingenqume |
| 2nd singular | unganquma | — | unganquma | ungenqume | — | ungenqume |
| 1st plural | singanquma | — | singanquma | singenqume | — | singenqume |
| 2nd plural | ninganquma | — | ninganquma | ningenqume | — | ningenqume |
| Class 1 | anganquma | — | enganquma | angenqume | — | engenqume |
| Class 2 | banganquma | — | benganquma | bangenqume | — | bengenqume |
| Class 3 | unganquma | — | unganquma | ungenqume | — | ungenqume |
| Class 4 | inganquma | — | inganquma | ingenqume | — | ingenqume |
| Class 5 | linganquma | — | linganquma | lingenqume | — | lingenqume |
| Class 6 | anganquma | — | enganquma | angenqume | — | engenqume |
| Class 7 | singanquma | — | singanquma | singenqume | — | singenqume |
| Class 8 | zinganquma | — | zinganquma | zingenqume | — | zingenqume |
| Class 9 | inganquma | — | inganquma | ingenqume | — | ingenqume |
| Class 10 | zinganquma | — | zinganquma | zingenqume | — | zingenqume |
| Class 11 | lunganquma | — | lunganquma | lungenqume | — | lungenqume |
| Class 14 | bunganquma | — | bunganquma | bungenqume | — | bungenqume |
| Class 15 | kunganquma | — | kunganquma | kungenqume | — | kungenqume |
| Class 17 | kunganquma | — | kunganquma | kungenqume | — | kungenqume |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizonquma | engizonquma | ngizonquma | angizunquma | engingezunquma | ngingezunquma |
| 2nd singular | uzonquma | ozonquma | uzonquma | awuzunquma | ongezunquma | ungezunquma |
| 1st plural | sizonquma | esizonquma | sizonquma | asizunquma | esingezunquma | singezunquma |
| 2nd plural | nizonquma | enizonquma | nizonquma | anizunquma | eningezunquma | ningezunquma |
| Class 1 | uzonquma | ozonquma | ezonquma | akazunquma | ongezunquma | engezunquma |
| Class 2 | bazonquma | abazonquma | bezonquma | abazunquma | abangezunquma | bengezunquma |
| Class 3 | uzonquma | ozonquma | uzonquma | awuzunquma | ongezunquma | ungezunquma |
| Class 4 | izonquma | ezonquma | izonquma | ayizunquma | engezunquma | ingezunquma |
| Class 5 | lizonquma | elizonquma | lizonquma | alizunquma | elingezunquma | lingezunquma |
| Class 6 | azonquma | azonquma | ezonquma | awazunquma | angezunquma | engezunquma |
| Class 7 | sizonquma | esizonquma | sizonquma | asizunquma | esingezunquma | singezunquma |
| Class 8 | zizonquma | ezizonquma | zizonquma | azizunquma | ezingezunquma | zingezunquma |
| Class 9 | izonquma | ezonquma | izonquma | ayizunquma | engezunquma | ingezunquma |
| Class 10 | zizonquma | ezizonquma | zizonquma | azizunquma | ezingezunquma | zingezunquma |
| Class 11 | luzonquma | oluzonquma | luzonquma | aluzunquma | olungezunquma | lungezunquma |
| Class 14 | buzonquma | obuzonquma | buzonquma | abuzunquma | obungezunquma | bungezunquma |
| Class 15 | kuzonquma | okuzonquma | kuzonquma | akuzunquma | okungezunquma | kungezunquma |
| Class 17 | kuzonquma | okuzonquma | kuzonquma | akuzunquma | okungezunquma | kungezunquma |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyonquma | engiyonquma | ngiyonquma | angiyunquma | engingeyunquma | ngingeyunquma |
| 2nd singular | uyonquma | oyonquma | uyonquma | awuyunquma | ongeyunquma | ungeyunquma |
| 1st plural | siyonquma | esiyonquma | siyonquma | asiyunquma | esingeyunquma | singeyunquma |
| 2nd plural | niyonquma | eniyonquma | niyonquma | aniyunquma | eningeyunquma | ningeyunquma |
| Class 1 | uyonquma | oyonquma | eyonquma | akayunquma | ongeyunquma | engeyunquma |
| Class 2 | bayonquma | abayonquma | beyonquma | abayunquma | abangeyunquma | bengeyunquma |
| Class 3 | uyonquma | oyonquma | uyonquma | awuyunquma | ongeyunquma | ungeyunquma |
| Class 4 | iyonquma | eyonquma | iyonquma | ayiyunquma | engeyunquma | ingeyunquma |
| Class 5 | liyonquma | eliyonquma | liyonquma | aliyunquma | elingeyunquma | lingeyunquma |
| Class 6 | ayonquma | ayonquma | eyonquma | awayunquma | angeyunquma | engeyunquma |
| Class 7 | siyonquma | esiyonquma | siyonquma | asiyunquma | esingeyunquma | singeyunquma |
| Class 8 | ziyonquma | eziyonquma | ziyonquma | aziyunquma | ezingeyunquma | zingeyunquma |
| Class 9 | iyonquma | eyonquma | iyonquma | ayiyunquma | engeyunquma | ingeyunquma |
| Class 10 | ziyonquma | eziyonquma | ziyonquma | aziyunquma | ezingeyunquma | zingeyunquma |
| Class 11 | luyonquma | oluyonquma | luyonquma | aluyunquma | olungeyunquma | lungeyunquma |
| Class 14 | buyonquma | obuyonquma | buyonquma | abuyunquma | obungeyunquma | bungeyunquma |
| Class 15 | kuyonquma | okuyonquma | kuyonquma | akuyunquma | okungeyunquma | kungeyunquma |
| Class 17 | kuyonquma | okuyonquma | kuyonquma | akuyunquma | okungeyunquma | kungeyunquma |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | nginqume | nginganqumi |
| 2nd singular | unqume | unganqumi |
| 1st plural | sinqume | singanqumi |
| 2nd plural | ninqume | ninganqumi |
| Class 1 | anqume | anganqumi |
| Class 2 | banqume | banganqumi |
| Class 3 | unqume | unganqumi |
| Class 4 | inqume | inganqumi |
| Class 5 | linqume | linganqumi |
| Class 6 | anqume | anganqumi |
| Class 7 | sinqume | singanqumi |
| Class 8 | zinqume | zinganqumi |
| Class 9 | inqume | inganqumi |
| Class 10 | zinqume | zinganqumi |
| Class 11 | lunqume | lunganqumi |
| Class 14 | bunqume | bunganqumi |
| Class 15 | kunqume | kunganqumi |
| Class 17 | kunqume | kunganqumi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | nganquma | nganganquma, anganquma, anganganquma |
| 2nd singular | wanquma | wanganquma, awanquma, awanganquma |
| 1st plural | sanquma | sanganquma, asanquma, asanganquma |
| 2nd plural | nanquma | nanganquma, ananquma, ananganquma |
| Class 1 | wanquma | wanganquma, akanquma, akanganquma |
| Class 2 | banquma | banganquma, abanquma, abanganquma |
| Class 3 | wanquma | wanganquma, awanquma, awanganquma |
| Class 4 | yanquma | yanganquma, ayanquma, ayanganquma |
| Class 5 | lanquma | langanquma, alanquma, alanganquma |
| Class 6 | anquma | anganquma, awanquma, awanganquma |
| Class 7 | sanquma | sanganquma, asanquma, asanganquma |
| Class 8 | zanquma | zanganquma, azanquma, azanganquma |
| Class 9 | yanquma | yanganquma, ayanquma, ayanganquma |
| Class 10 | zanquma | zanganquma, azanquma, azanganquma |
| Class 11 | lwanquma | lwanganquma, alwanquma, alwanganquma |
| Class 14 | banquma | banganquma, abanquma, abanganquma |
| Class 15 | kwanquma | kwanganquma, akwanquma, akwanganquma |
| Class 17 | kwanquma | kwanganquma, akwanquma, akwanganquma |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “nquma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “nquma (3.9)”