# jauns
## English
### Noun

jauns
* plural of jaun

## Latgalian
### Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jauˀnás. Cognates include Latvian jauns and Lithuanian jaunas.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjâu̯nt͡s]
* Hyphenation: jauns

### Adjective

jauns (comparative jaunuoks)
* new, young

#### Antonyms

* vacs (“old”)

#### Derived terms

* jaunkungs
* jaunkuņdze

### References

* Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 64

## Latvian
### Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jauˀnás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwHō.
In Latvian, this word broadened its meaning to include also “new,” replacing a previous *naujs (“new”) (compare Lithuanian naũjas (“new”)). Cognates include Lithuanian jáunas (“young”), Old Prussian *jaun- in names of people (Jawne, Javne, etc.), Sudovian iaunis, Old Church Slavonic юнъ (junŭ), Russian ю́ный (júnyj), Ukrainian юний (junyj), Czech jinoch (“young man”), Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍃 (juggs), German jung, English young, Sanskrit युवन (yúvana), Latin iuvenis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jaûns]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

jauns (definite jaunais, comparative jaunāks, superlative visjaunākais, adverb none)
* (of people, animals, plants) having relatively low age, young, new
    jauns cilvēks, vīrietis ― young person, man
    jauna sieviete ― young woman
    jaunie lasītāji, vēlētāji ― young readers, voters
    jaunie lācēni ― young bear cubs
    jauns mežs ― young, new forest
    jaunas atvases ― young, new shoots
    viņa izskatās jaunāka par saviem gadiem ― she looks younger than her years (= age)
* (of people) young, typical of youth
    jaunas dienas ― young days, youth
    jauna skaista balss ― young, beautiful voice
    sirdi vajag paturēt jaunu, tad cilvēks nekad nebūs vecs ― one must keep one's heart young, then one will never grow old
* (moon) new
    Jauns Mēness ― New Moon
* new, recent (created, invented, built, established a short time ago)
    jauns ciemats ― new village
    jauna pilsēta ― new town, city
    jaunas konstrukcijas mašīnas ― new construction machines
    jauna sintētiskā šķiedra ― new (kind of) synthetic fiber
    jauna luga, opera ― new play, opera
    kas jauns? — what's new? (conversation starter)
* new (which has recently mature, which was recently harvested; fresh)
    jaunie kāposti ― new cabbage
    jaunā raža ― the new harvest
* new, young (having recently begun to act, to work; having little experience)
    jauns skolotājs, ārsts, advokāts ― new, young teachers, doctor, lawyer
    jauno autoru apvienība ― young authors association
    jaunais pāris ― the new, young couple (i.e., recently married)
* new (recently acquire, purchased; not worn out; not used)
    jauns mētelis ― new coat
    jaunas kurpes ― new shoes
    tirgoties ar jaunām un lietotām grāmatām ― to trade with new and used books
* new (different; not like before)
    sākt jaunu dzīvi ― to begin a new life
    jauns darbs ― new work, job
    jauna uztvere, pieeja, metode ― new perception, approach, method
    jauni plani, nodomi ― new plans, intentions
* new (following a previous one; replacing a previous one)
    sācies jauns gads ― a new year has started
    Jaunie Laiki ― the Modern Times (from 1640 to 1917)
    jaunais gads, jaungads ― New Year
    Jauna Derība ― the New Testament
    jauns ilustrēts izdēvums ― new illustrated edition
    jaunā stila (Gregora) kalendārs ― new style (Gregorian) calendar
    jaunā ortografijā ― new orthography, spelling

#### Antonyms

* vecs

#### Derived terms

* jaunatne
* jaunava, jaunavība, jaunavīgs
* jaunība
* jaunietis, jauniete
* jauneklis
* jaunums

### References

* Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “jauns”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN