# extremus
## Latin
### Etymology

From earlier *extrezmo- < *exterezemo- < *exterisemo-, from Proto-Italic *eksterisemos. Equivalent to exter +‎ -issimus. Same development as postrēmus and suprēmus. Compare with extimus.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ekˈstreː.mus/, [ɛkˈs̠t̪reːmʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ekˈstre.mus/, [ekˈst̪rɛːmus]

### Adjective

extrēmus (feminine extrēma, neuter extrēmum); first/second declension
* superlative degree of exter
** situated at the end, edge, or tip
    extrēmus liber ― the end of a book
    extrēmī digitī ― one's fingertips
** occurring at the end (of a period of time), last
    extrēma ōrātiō ― the end of an oration
** extreme in degree

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Derived terms

* extrēmitās

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: extrem
* → English: extreme
* → Middle French: extreme
** French: extrême
*** → Romanian: extrem
* → German: extrem
* → Galician: extremo
* → Italian: estremo, stremo
* → Portuguese: extremo
* → Spanish: extremo
* → Swedish: extrem

### Noun

extrēmus m (genitive extrēmī); second declension
* rear
* end

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | extrēmus | extrēmī |
| Genitive | extrēmī | extrēmōrum |
| Dative | extrēmō | extrēmīs |
| Accusative | extrēmum | extrēmōs |
| Ablative | extrēmō | extrēmīs |
| Vocative | extrēme | extrēmī |

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: extrem
* → English: extreme
* → Middle French: extreme
** French: extrême
* → Galician: estremo, extremo
* → Italian: estremo, stremo
* → Piedmontese: estrem
* → Portuguese: extremo
* → Spanish: extremo

### References

* “extremus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “extremus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* extremus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the most distant countries, the world's end: extremae terrae partes (ambiguous) on the edge of the hill: ad extremum tumulum (ambiguous) at the end of the year: exeunte, extremo anno (ambiguous) to touch with the fingertips: extremis digitis aliquid attingere (ambiguous) the last stage of life, one's last days: extrema aetas (ambiguous) the last stage of life, one's last days: extremum tempus aetatis (ambiguous) to give up the ghost: extremum vitae spiritum edere (ambiguous) to inflict a death-blow: plagam extremam or mortiferam infligere (ambiguous) affairs are desperate; we are reduced to extremeties: res ad extremum casum perducta est (ambiguous) affairs are desperate; we are reduced to extremeties: ad extrema perventum est (ambiguous) to be reduced to one's last resource: ad extremum auxilium descendere (ambiguous) to have recourse to extreme measures: descendere ad extrema consilia (Fam. 10. 33. 4) (ambiguous) to go back to the remote ages: repetere ab ultima (extrema, prisca) antiquitate (vetustate), ab heroicis temporibus (ambiguous) at the end of the book: in extremo libro (Q. Fr. 2. 7. 1) (ambiguous) to put the finishing touch to a work: extrema manus accēdit operi (active extremam manum imponere operi) (ambiguous) the rearguard: agmen novissimum (extremum)
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN