# 然而
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rán'ér
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˊ ㄦˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jin$^4$ ji$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liân-lî / jiân-jî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): riang$^5$ re$^5$ / riêng$^5$ re$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rán'ér
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˊ ㄦˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rán-ér
*** Wade–Giles: jan$^2$-êrh$^2$
*** Yale: rán-ér
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ranerl
*** Palladius: жаньэр (žanʹer)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐän³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^4$ ji$^4$
*** Yale: yìhn yìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^4$ ji$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^4$ yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn²¹ jiː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân-lî
*** Tâi-lô: liân-lî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lienlii
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /liɛn²⁴⁻²² li²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiân-jî
*** Tâi-lô: jiân-jî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jienjii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɛn¹³⁻²² d͡zi¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: riang$^5$ re$^5$ / riêng$^5$ re$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiâng jṳ̂ / jiêng jṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zɯ⁵⁵/, /d͡zieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zɯ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: nyen nyi
Rime :
| Character | 然 | 而 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 如延切 | 如之切 |
| Baxter | nyen | nyi |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiᴇn/ | /ȵɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɛn/ | /ȵɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjæn/ | /ȵʑie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵian/ | /ȵɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiɛn/ | /ȵiə/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭɛn/ | /ȵʑĭə/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ɛn/ | /ȵʑi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rán | ér |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^4$ | ji$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[n]a[n] nə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njen njɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 然 | 而 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rán | ér |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyen › | ‹ nyi › |
| Old Chinese | /*[n]a[n]/ | /*nə/ |
| English | so, thus; (adv suffix) | and, but |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 然 | 而 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 10756 | 2720 |
| Phonetic component | 肰 | 而 |
| Rime group | 元 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 然 | 而 |
| Old Chinese | /*njen/ | /*njɯ/ |

### Conjunction

然而
* but; yet

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 而, 然, 但, 卻, 則 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 但是, 但, 可是, 不過, 然而 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 但是, 但, 可是, 不過 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 但 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 但, 但是, 可是, 不過 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pematangsiantar | tapi |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 但係, 不過, 之不過, 之但係 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 但係, 不過, 之不過, 之但係, but |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 但係 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 但係 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 但係, 不過, 之不過 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 但係, 董係 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 但係, 毋過 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 但係, 毋過, 毋故 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 但係, 毋過 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 但係, 毋過 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 但係, 毋過 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 毋過 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 但係 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | tapi |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 但是 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 但是 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 但是, 毋過, 毋句, 不過, 不而過 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 但是, 毋句, 不過, 不而過 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 但是, 毋過, 不過, 不而過 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 但是, 毋過, 不而過 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | tapi, 但是 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | tapi, 但是, 毋句, 毋過 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 但是, 毋句, 毋過 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | tapi |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 是呾 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 是呾 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 是呾, 比補 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 但是, แต่ว่า |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 但是, tapi |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | tapi, 不過, 但是 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 但是 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 但是 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 但是, 必過, 不過, 但不過, 但必過 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 但必過 |