# ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϩⲟⲧϩⲧ (hotht) — Sahidic
* ϧⲟⲧϧⲉⲧ (xotxet) — Bohairic
* ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ (hathet) — Fayyumic
* ϩⲁⲧϩⲧ (hatht) — Lycopolitan

### Verb

ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ • (xatxt) (pronominal state ⳉⲧⳉⲱⲧ⸗)
* (Lycopolitan) to inquire, examine

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ xatxt | imperative | affirmative | ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ xatxt |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tm̄xatxt, tm̄n̄xatxt | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄n̄xatxt |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tixatxt | ⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ kxatxt | ⲧⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ texatxt | ϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ fxatxt | ⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ sxatxt | ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tn̄xatxt | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tetn̄xatxt | ⲥⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ sexatxt | ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ xatxt |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ eïxatxt | ⲉⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ ekxatxt | ⲉⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ erexatxt | ⲉϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ efxatxt | ⲉⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ esxatxt | ⲉⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ enxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etetn̄xatxt | ⲉⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ euxatxt | ⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ e- xatxt, ere- xatxt |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etixatxt | ⲉⲧⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etkxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etexatxt, eterexatxt | ⲉⲧϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etfxatxt | ⲉⲧⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etsxatxt | ⲉⲧⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etnxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etetn̄xatxt | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etouxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ ete- xatxt, etere- xatxt |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ naïxatxt | ⲛⲁⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nakxatxt | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ narexatxt | ⲛⲁϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nafxatxt | ⲛⲁⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nasxatxt | ⲛⲁⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nanxatxt | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ natetn̄xatxt | ⲛⲁⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nauxatxt | ⲛⲁ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ na- xatxt, nare- xatxt |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ aixatxt | ⲁⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ akxatxt | ⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ arexatxt | ⲁϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ afxatxt | ⲁⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ asxatxt | ⲁⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ anxatxt | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ aretenxatxt | ⲁⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ auxatxt | ⲁ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲁⲣ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ a- xatxt, ar- xatxt, are- xatxt |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tinaxatxt | ⲕⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ knaxatxt | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tenaxatxt | ϥⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ fnaxatxt | ⲥⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ snaxatxt | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tn̄naxatxt | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tetnaxatxt | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ senaxatxt | ⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ naxatxt |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ eïnaxatxt | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ eknaxatxt | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ erenaxatxt | ⲉϥⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ efnaxatxt | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ esnaxatxt | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ ennaxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etetnaxatxt | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ eunaxatxt | ⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ e- naxatxt |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etinaxatxt | ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etknaxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etenaxatxt, eterenaxatxt | ⲉⲧϥⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etfnaxatxt | ⲉⲧⲥⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etsnaxatxt | ⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etnnaxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etetnaxatxt | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etounaxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ ete- naxatxt |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ naïnaxatxt | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ naknaxatxt | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ narenaxatxt | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nafnaxatxt | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nasnaxatxt | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nannaxatxt | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ netetnaxatxt | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ naunaxatxt | ⲛⲁ- ⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ na- naxatxt |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ ainaxatxt | ⲁⲕⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲕⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ aknaxatxt, eknaxatxt | ⲁⲣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ araxatxt | ⲁϥⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ afnaxatxt | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ asnaxatxt | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ annaxatxt | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ aretennaxatxt | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ aunaxatxt | ⲁ- ⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ a- naxatxt, are- naxatxt |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ aïxatxt | ⲁⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ akxatxt | ⲁⲣⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ arxatxt | ⲁϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ afxatxt | ⲁⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ asxatxt | ⲁⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ anxatxt | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ atetn̄xatxt | ⲁⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ auxatxt | ⲁ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ a- xatxt |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄pixatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄pk̄xatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄pexatxt, m̄pr̄xatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄pf̄xatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄ps̄xatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄pn̄xatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄petn̄xatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄pouxatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄pe- xatxt |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ eaïxatxt | ⲉⲁⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ eakxatxt | ⲉⲁⲣⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ earxatxt | ⲉⲁϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ eafxatxt | ⲉⲁⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ easxatxt | ⲉⲁⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ eanxatxt | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ eatetn̄xatxt | ⲉⲁⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ eauxatxt | ⲉⲁ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ ea- xatxt |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄pixatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄pk̄xatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄pexatxt, em̄pr̄xatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄pf̄xatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄ps̄xatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄pn̄xatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄petn̄xatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄pouxatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄pe- xatxt |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etaïxatxt | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etakxatxt | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etarxatxt | ⲉⲧⲁϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etafxatxt | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etasxatxt | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etanxatxt | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etatetn̄xatxt | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etauxatxt | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ eta- xatxt |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄pixatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄pk̄xatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄pexatxt, etem̄pr̄xatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄pf̄xatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄ps̄xatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄pn̄xatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄petn̄xatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄pouxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄pe- xatxt |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ neaïxatxt | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ neakxatxt | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nearxatxt | ⲛⲉⲁϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ neafxatxt | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ neasxatxt | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ neanxatxt | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ neatetn̄xatxt | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ neauxatxt | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nea- xatxt |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄pixatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄pk̄xatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄pexatxt, nem̄pr̄xatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄pf̄xatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄ps̄xatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄pn̄xatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄petn̄xatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄pouxatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄pe- xatxt |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ naïxatxt | ⲛⲁⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nakxatxt | ⲛⲁⲣⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ narxatxt | ⲛⲁϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nafxatxt | ⲛⲁⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nasxatxt | ⲛⲁⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nanxatxt | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ natetn̄xatxt | ⲛⲁⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nauxatxt | ⲛⲁ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ na- xatxt |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄patixatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄patk̄xatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄patexatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄patf̄xatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄pats̄xatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄patn̄xatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄patetn̄xatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄patouxatxt | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ m̄pate- xatxt |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄patixatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄patk̄xatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄patexatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄patf̄xatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄pats̄xatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄patn̄xatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄patetn̄xatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄patouxatxt | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ em̄pate- xatxt |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄patixatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄patk̄xatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄patexatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄patf̄xatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄pats̄xatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄patn̄xatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄patetn̄xatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄patouxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etem̄pate- xatxt |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄patixatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄patk̄xatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄patexatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄patf̄xatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄pats̄xatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄patn̄xatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄patetn̄xatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄patouxatxt | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nem̄pate- xatxt |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ xareïxatxt | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ xarekxatxt | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ xarexatxt | ⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ xarefxatxt | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ xaresxatxt | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ xarenxatxt | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ xaretetn̄xatxt | ⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ xarouxatxt | ⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ xare- xatxt |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ maïxatxt | ⲙⲁⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ makxatxt | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ marexatxt | ⲙⲁϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ mafxatxt | ⲙⲁⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ masxatxt | ⲙⲁⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ manxatxt | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ matetn̄xatxt | ⲙⲁⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ mauxatxt | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲙⲁ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ mare- xatxt, ma- xatxt |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ exareïxatxt | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ exarekxatxt | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ exarexatxt | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ exarefxatxt | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ exaresxatxt | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ exarenxatxt | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ exaretetn̄xatxt | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ exarouxatxt | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ exare- xatxt |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ emaïxatxt | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ emakxatxt | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ emarexatxt | ⲉⲙⲁϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ emafxatxt | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ emasxatxt | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ emanxatxt | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ ematetn̄xatxt | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ emauxatxt | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲙⲁ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ emare- xatxt, ema- xatxt |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etexareïxatxt, etxareïxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etexarekxatxt, etxarekxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etexarexatxt, etxarexatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etexarefxatxt, etxarefxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etexaresxatxt, etxaresxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etexarenxatxt, etxarenxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etexaretetn̄xatxt, etxaretetn̄xatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etexarouxatxt, etxarouxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etexare- xatxt, etxare- xatxt |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etemaïxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etemakxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etemarexatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etemafxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etemasxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etemanxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etematetn̄xatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etemauxatxt | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ etemare- xatxt, etema- xatxt |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nexareïxatxt | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nexarekxatxt | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nexarexatxt | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nexarefxatxt | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nexaresxatxt | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nexarenxatxt | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nexaretetn̄xatxt | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nexarouxatxt | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nexare- xatxt |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nemaïxatxt | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nemakxatxt | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nemarexatxt | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nemafxatxt | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nemasxatxt | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nemanxatxt | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nematetn̄xatxt | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nemauxatxt | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲛⲉⲙⲁ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nemare- xatxt, nema- xatxt |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ amaïxatxt | ⲁⲙⲁⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ amakxatxt | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ amarexatxt | ⲁⲙⲁϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ amafxatxt | ⲁⲙⲁⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ amasxatxt | ⲁⲙⲁⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ amanxatxt | ⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ amatetn̄xatxt | ⲁⲙⲁⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ amauxatxt | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲙⲁ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ amare- xatxt, ma- xatxt |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ aïaxatxt | ⲁⲕⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ akaxatxt | ⲁⲣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ araxatxt | ⲁϥⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ afaxatxt | ⲁⲥⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ asaxatxt | ⲁⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ anaxatxt | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ atetnaxatxt | ⲁⲩⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ auaxatxt | ⲁ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ a- xatxt |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲛⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ naxatxt, enaxatxt | ⲛⲉⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲛⲉⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nekxatxt, enekxatxt | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲛⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nexatxt, enexatxt | ⲛⲉϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲛⲉϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nefxatxt, enefxatxt | ⲛⲉⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nesxatxt, enesxatxt | ⲛⲉⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲛⲉⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ nenxatxt, enenxatxt | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ netn̄xatxt, enetn̄xatxt | ⲛⲉⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲛⲉⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ neuxatxt, eneuxatxt | ⲛⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ ne- xatxt |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ marixatxt | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ marefxatxt | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ maresxatxt | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ marn̄xatxt | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ marouxatxt | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ mare- xatxt |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ mn̄taxatxt | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ mn̄tf̄xatxt | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ mn̄ts̄xatxt | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ mn̄tn̄xatxt | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ mn̄touxatxt | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ mn̄te- xatxt |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ taxatxt | ⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ kxatxt | ⲧⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ texatxt | ϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲛ̄ⲧϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ fxatxt, n̄tfxatxt | ⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ sxatxt | ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tn̄xatxt | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tetn̄xatxt | ⲥⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲥⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ sexatxt, souxatxt | ⲧⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ te- xatxt |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tarixatxt | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tarekxatxt | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tarexatxt | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tarefxatxt | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ taresxatxt | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tarn̄xatxt | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ taretetn̄xatxt | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tarouxatxt | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ tare- xatxt |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ n̄tarixatxt, tarixatxt | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ n̄tarekxatxt, tarekxatxt | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ n̄tarexatxt, tarexatxt | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ n̄tarefxatxt, tarefxatxt | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ n̄taresxatxt, taresxatxt | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ n̄tarn̄xatxt, tarn̄xatxt | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ n̄taretn̄xatxt, taretn̄xatxt | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ n̄tarouxatxt, tarouxatxt | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ n̄tare- xatxt, tare- xatxt |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ šatixatxt | ϣⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ šatk̄xatxt | ϣⲁⲧⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ šatexatxt | ϣⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ šatf̄xatxt | ϣⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ šats̄xatxt | ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ šatn̄xatxt | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ šatetn̄xatxt | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ šatouxatxt | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ šate- xatxt |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ aïšaxatxt, eïšaxatxt | ⲁⲕϣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲕϣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ akšaxatxt, ekšaxatxt | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ arešaxatxt, erešaxatxt | ⲁϥϣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉϥϣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ afšaxatxt, efšaxatxt | ⲁⲥϣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲥϣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ asšaxatxt, esšaxatxt | ⲁⲛϣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲛϣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ anšaxatxt, enšaxatxt | ⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ ašatetn̄xatxt, ešatetn̄xatxt | ⲁⲩϣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉⲩϣⲁⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ aušaxatxt, eušaxatxt | ⲁϣⲁ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ, ⲉϣⲁ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ aša- xatxt, eša- xatxt |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ aïxatxt | ⲁⲕⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ akxatxt | ⲁⲣⲉⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ arexatxt | ⲁϥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ afxatxt | ⲁⲥⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ asxatxt | ⲁⲛⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ anxatxt | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ atetn̄xatxt | ⲁⲩⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ auxatxt | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ are- xatxt |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- |

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 728
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 303