# 霾

| 霾 | U+973E, &#38718; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-973E |
| ← 霽 [U+973D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 霿 → [U+973F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

霾 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+14, 22 strokes, cangjie input 一月月竹土 (MBBHG), four-corner 1021$_4$, composition ⿱雨貍)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1379, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42507
* Dae Jaweon: page 1889, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4081, character 7
* Unihan data for U+973E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 埋 | *mrɯː |
| 霾 | *mrɯː |
| 薶 | *mrɯː |
| 榸 | *ʔr'ɯː |
| 厘 | *rɯ |
| 狸 | *rɯ |
| 貍 | *p·rɯ |
| 梩 | *rɯ |
| 艃 | *rɯ |
| 里 | *rɯʔ |
| 理 | *rɯʔ |
| 鯉 | *rɯʔ |
| 俚 | *rɯʔ |
| 悝 | *rɯʔ, *km̥ʰlɯː |
| 娌 | *rɯʔ |
| 裏 | *rɯʔ |
| 荲 | *r̥ʰɯɡ, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯː) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 貍 (OC *p·rɯ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mái (mai$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄞˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maai$^4$ / lei$^4$ / mai$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mái
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mái
*** Wade–Giles: mai$^2$
*** Yale: mái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mai
*** Palladius: май (maj)
*** Sinological IPA : /maɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maai$^4$ / lei$^4$ / mai$^4$
*** Yale: màaih / lèih / màih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maai$^4$ / lei$^4$ / mai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mai$^4$ / léi$^4$ / mei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːi̯²¹/, /lei̯²¹/, /mɐi̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: meaj
Rime :
| Character | 霾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 莫皆切 |
| Baxter | meaj |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠɛi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚæi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɐi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /məɨj/ |
| Li Rong | /mɛi/ |
| Wang Li | /mɐi/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /măi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mái |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | maai$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤrə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mrɯː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 霾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mái |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mɛj › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁrə/ |
| English | whirlwind |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 霾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7818 |
| Phonetic component | 里 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 埋 |
| Old Chinese | /*mrɯː/ |

### Definitions

霾
* fog; haze
* misty; foggy
* dust storm

#### Synonyms

* (fog): 陰霾／阴霾 (yīnmái)

#### Compounds

* 陰霾／阴霾 (yīnmái)
* 霧霾／雾霾 (wùmái)
* 霾晦
* 風霾／风霾

### References

* “霾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ばい (bai)
* Kun: つちふる (tsuchifuru, 霾る)、つちぐもり (tsuchigumori, 霾り)

## Korean
### Hanja

霾 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.