# ⲱϭⲃ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϩⲱϭⲃ (hōcb) — Sahidic
* ⲱϫⲉⲃ (ōčeb), ⲱϫⲉϥ (ōčef) — Bohairic
* ⲱϭⲃⲉ (ōcbe) — Akhmimic

### Verb

ⲱϭⲃ • (ōcb) (nominal state ⲉϭⲃ-, stative ⲟϭϥ)
* (Sahidic, intransitive) to become cold, to freeze
* (Sahidic, transitive) to make cold

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲱϭⲃ ōcb | imperative | affirmative | ⲱϭⲃ ōcb |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲱϭⲃ tm̄ōcb | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϭⲃ m̄pr̄ōcb |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲱϭⲃ tiōcb | ⲕⲱϭⲃ kōcb | ⲧⲉⲱϭⲃ teōcb | ϥⲱϭⲃ fōcb | ⲥⲱϭⲃ sōcb | ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ tn̄ōcb | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ tetn̄ōcb | ⲥⲉⲱϭⲃ seōcb | ⲱϭⲃ ōcb |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ eïōcb | ⲉⲕⲱϭⲃ ekōcb | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ ereōcb | ⲉϥⲱϭⲃ efōcb | ⲉⲥⲱϭⲃ esōcb | ⲉⲛⲱϭⲃ enōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ etetn̄ōcb | ⲉⲩⲱϭⲃ euōcb | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ ere- ōcb |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲱϭⲃ etiōcb | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲱϭⲃ etk̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲱϭⲃ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ eteōcb, etereōcb | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲱϭⲃ etf̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲱϭⲃ ets̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ etn̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ etetn̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱϭⲃ etouōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ etere- ōcb |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ neïōcb | ⲛⲉⲕⲱϭⲃ nekōcb | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ nereōcb | ⲛⲉϥⲱϭⲃ nefōcb | ⲛⲉⲥⲱϭⲃ nesōcb | ⲛⲉⲛⲱϭⲃ nenōcb | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ netetn̄ōcb | ⲛⲉⲩⲱϭⲃ neuōcb | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ nere- ōcb |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ tinaōcb | ⲕⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ knaōcb | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ tenaōcb | ϥⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ fnaōcb | ⲥⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ snaōcb | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ tn̄naōcb | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ tetnaōcb | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ senaōcb | ⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ naōcb |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ eïnaōcb | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ eknaōcb | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ erenaōcb | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ efnaōcb | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ esnaōcb | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ ennaōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ etetnaōcb | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ eunaōcb | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ ere- naōcb |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ etinaōcb | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ etk̄naōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ etenaōcb, eterenaōcb | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ etf̄naōcb | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ ets̄naōcb | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ etn̄naōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ etetnaōcb | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ etounaōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ etere- naōcb |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ neïnaōcb | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ neknaōcb | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ nerenaōcb | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ nefnaōcb | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ nesnaōcb | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ nennaōcb | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ netetnaōcb | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ neunaōcb | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ nere- naōcb |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ aïōcb | ⲁⲕⲱϭⲃ akōcb | ⲁⲱϭⲃ, ⲁⲣⲱϭⲃ, ⲁⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ aōcb, arōcb, areōcb | ⲁϥⲱϭⲃ afōcb | ⲁⲥⲱϭⲃ asōcb | ⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ anōcb | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ atetn̄ōcb | ⲁⲩⲱϭⲃ auōcb | ⲁ- ⲱϭⲃ a- ōcb |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϭⲃ m̄piōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϭⲃ m̄pk̄ōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϭⲃ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϭⲃ m̄peōcb, m̄pr̄ōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϭⲃ m̄pf̄ōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϭⲃ m̄ps̄ōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ m̄pn̄ōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ m̄petn̄ōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϭⲃ m̄pouōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ m̄pe- ōcb |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ eaïōcb | ⲉⲁⲕⲱϭⲃ eakōcb | ⲉⲁⲱϭⲃ, ⲉⲁⲣⲱϭⲃ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ eaōcb, earōcb, eareōcb | ⲉⲁϥⲱϭⲃ eafōcb | ⲉⲁⲥⲱϭⲃ easōcb | ⲉⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ eanōcb | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ eatetn̄ōcb | ⲉⲁⲩⲱϭⲃ eauōcb | ⲉⲁ- ⲱϭⲃ ea- ōcb |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϭⲃ em̄piōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϭⲃ em̄pk̄ōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϭⲃ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϭⲃ em̄peōcb, em̄pr̄ōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϭⲃ em̄pf̄ōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϭⲃ em̄ps̄ōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ em̄pn̄ōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ em̄petn̄ōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϭⲃ em̄pouōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ em̄pe- ōcb |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ entaïōcb, n̄taïōcb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲱϭⲃ entakōcb, n̄takōcb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϭⲃ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲱϭⲃ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ entaōcb, n̄taōcb, entarōcb, n̄tarōcb, entareōcb, n̄tareōcb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲱϭⲃ entafōcb, n̄tafōcb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱϭⲃ entasōcb, n̄tasōcb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ entanōcb, n̄tanōcb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ entatetn̄ōcb, n̄tatetn̄ōcb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲱϭⲃ entauōcb, n̄tauōcb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲱϭⲃ enta- ōcb, n̄ta- ōcb |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϭⲃ etem̄piōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϭⲃ etem̄pk̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϭⲃ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϭⲃ etem̄peōcb, etem̄pr̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϭⲃ etem̄pf̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϭⲃ etem̄ps̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ etem̄pn̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ etem̄petn̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϭⲃ etem̄pouōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ etem̄pe- ōcb |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ neaïōcb | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲱϭⲃ neakōcb | ⲛⲉⲁⲱϭⲃ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲱϭⲃ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ neaōcb, nearōcb, neareōcb | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲱϭⲃ neafōcb | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱϭⲃ neasōcb | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ neanōcb | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ neatetn̄ōcb | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲱϭⲃ neauōcb | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲱϭⲃ nea- ōcb |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϭⲃ nem̄piōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϭⲃ nem̄pk̄ōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϭⲃ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϭⲃ nem̄peōcb, nem̄pr̄ōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϭⲃ nem̄pf̄ōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϭⲃ nem̄ps̄ōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ nem̄pn̄ōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ nem̄petn̄ōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϭⲃ nem̄pouōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ nem̄pe- ōcb |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ n̄taïōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲱϭⲃ n̄takōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ n̄taōcb, n̄tarōcb, n̄tareōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲱϭⲃ n̄tafōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱϭⲃ n̄tasōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ n̄tanōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ n̄tatetn̄ōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲱϭⲃ n̄tauōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲱϭⲃ n̄ta- ōcb |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϭⲃ m̄patiōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϭⲃ m̄patk̄ōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϭⲃ m̄pateōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϭⲃ m̄patf̄ōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϭⲃ m̄pats̄ōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ m̄patn̄ōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ m̄patetn̄ōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϭⲃ m̄patouōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ m̄pate- ōcb |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϭⲃ em̄patiōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϭⲃ em̄patk̄ōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϭⲃ em̄pateōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϭⲃ em̄patf̄ōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϭⲃ em̄pats̄ōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ em̄patn̄ōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ em̄patetn̄ōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϭⲃ em̄patouōcb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ em̄pate- ōcb |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϭⲃ etem̄patiōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϭⲃ etem̄patk̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϭⲃ etem̄pateōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϭⲃ etem̄patf̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϭⲃ etem̄pats̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ etem̄patn̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ etem̄patetn̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϭⲃ etem̄patouōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ etem̄pate- ōcb |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϭⲃ nem̄patiōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϭⲃ nem̄patk̄ōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϭⲃ nem̄pateōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϭⲃ nem̄patf̄ōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϭⲃ nem̄pats̄ōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ nem̄patn̄ōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ nem̄patetn̄ōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϭⲃ nem̄patouōcb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ nem̄pate- ōcb |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ šaïōcb | ϣⲁⲕⲱϭⲃ šakōcb | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ šareōcb | ϣⲁϥⲱϭⲃ šafōcb | ϣⲁⲥⲱϭⲃ šasōcb | ϣⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ šanōcb | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ šatetn̄ōcb | ϣⲁⲩⲱϭⲃ šauōcb | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ šare- ōcb |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ meïōcb | ⲙⲉⲕⲱϭⲃ mekōcb | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ mereōcb | ⲙⲉϥⲱϭⲃ mefōcb | ⲙⲉⲥⲱϭⲃ mesōcb | ⲙⲉⲛⲱϭⲃ menōcb | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ metetn̄ōcb | ⲙⲉⲩⲱϭⲃ meuōcb | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ mere- ōcb |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ ešaïōcb | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϭⲃ ešakōcb | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ ešareōcb | ⲉϣⲁϥⲱϭⲃ ešafōcb | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϭⲃ ešasōcb | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ ešanōcb | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ ešatetn̄ōcb | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϭⲃ ešauōcb | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ ešare- ōcb |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ emeïōcb | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϭⲃ emekōcb | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ emereōcb | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϭⲃ emefōcb | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϭⲃ emesōcb | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϭⲃ emenōcb | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ emetetn̄ōcb | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϭⲃ emeuōcb | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ emere- ōcb |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ etešaïōcb, ešaïōcb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϭⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϭⲃ etešakōcb, ešakōcb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ etešareōcb, ešareōcb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲱϭⲃ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲱϭⲃ etešafōcb, ešafōcb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϭⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϭⲃ etešasōcb, ešasōcb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ etešanōcb, ešanōcb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ etešatetn̄ōcb, ešatetn̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϭⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϭⲃ etešauōcb, ešauōcb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ etešare- ōcb, ešare- ōcb |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ etemeïōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϭⲃ etemekōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ etemereōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϭⲃ etemefōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϭⲃ etemesōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϭⲃ etemenōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ etemetetn̄ōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϭⲃ etemeuōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ etemere- ōcb |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ nešaïōcb | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϭⲃ nešakōcb | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ nešareōcb | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲱϭⲃ nešafōcb | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϭⲃ nešasōcb | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ nešanōcb | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ nešatetn̄ōcb | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϭⲃ nešauōcb | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ nešare- ōcb |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ nemeïōcb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϭⲃ nemekōcb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ nemereōcb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϭⲃ nemefōcb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϭⲃ nemesōcb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϭⲃ nemenōcb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ nemetetn̄ōcb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϭⲃ nemeuōcb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ nemere- ōcb |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ emeïōcb | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϭⲃ emekōcb | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ emereōcb | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϭⲃ emefōcb | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϭⲃ emesōcb | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϭⲃ emenōcb | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ emetetn̄ōcb | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϭⲃ emeuōcb | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ emere- ōcb |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲱϭⲃ eïeōcb | ⲉⲕⲉⲱϭⲃ ekeōcb | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ ereōcb | ⲉϥⲉⲱϭⲃ efeōcb | ⲉⲥⲉⲱϭⲃ eseōcb | ⲉⲛⲉⲱϭⲃ eneōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲱϭⲃ etetneōcb | ⲉⲩⲉⲱϭⲃ eueōcb | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ ere- ōcb |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϭⲃ n̄naōcb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲱϭⲃ n̄nekōcb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲱϭⲃ n̄neōcb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲱϭⲃ n̄nefōcb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲱϭⲃ n̄nesōcb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲱϭⲃ n̄nenōcb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ n̄netn̄ōcb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲱϭⲃ n̄neuōcb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ n̄ne- ōcb |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲱϭⲃ mariōcb | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϭⲃ marefōcb | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϭⲃ maresōcb | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ marn̄ōcb | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϭⲃ marouōcb | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ mare- ōcb |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲱϭⲃ m̄pr̄traōcb | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲱϭⲃ m̄pr̄trefōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲱϭⲃ m̄pr̄tresōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲱϭⲃ m̄pr̄trenōcb | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲱϭⲃ m̄pr̄treuōcb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ m̄pr̄tre- ōcb |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϭⲃ, ⲧⲁⲱϭⲃ n̄taōcb, taōcb | ⲛ̄ⲅⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲱϭⲃ n̄gōcb, n̄kōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲱϭⲃ n̄teōcb | ⲛ̄ϥⲱϭⲃ n̄fōcb | ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϭⲃ n̄sōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ n̄tn̄ōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ n̄tetn̄ōcb | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲱϭⲃ n̄seōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ n̄te- ōcb |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϭⲃ tariōcb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϭⲃ tarekōcb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ tareōcb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϭⲃ tarefōcb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϭⲃ taresōcb | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ tarn̄ōcb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ taretn̄ōcb | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϭⲃ tarouōcb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ tare- ōcb |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲱϭⲃ n̄teriōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲱϭⲃ n̄terekōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲱϭⲃ n̄tereōcb, n̄tererōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲱϭⲃ n̄terefōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϭⲃ n̄teresōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲱϭⲃ n̄tern̄ōcb, n̄terenōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ n̄teretn̄ōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱϭⲃ n̄terouōcb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ n̄tere- ōcb |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲱϭⲃ šantiōcb | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲱϭⲃ šantk̄ōcb | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲱϭⲃ šanteōcb | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲱϭⲃ šantf̄ōcb | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲱϭⲃ šants̄ōcb | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ šantn̄ōcb | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ šantetn̄ōcb | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲱϭⲃ šantouōcb | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ šante- ōcb |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ eïšanōcb | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ ekšanōcb | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ eršanōcb, erešanōcb | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ efšanōcb | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ esšanōcb | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ enšanōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ etetn̄šanōcb | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲱϭⲃ eušanōcb | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲱϭⲃ eršan- ōcb |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϭⲃ eïōcb | ⲉⲕⲱϭⲃ ekōcb | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϭⲃ ereōcb | ⲉϥⲱϭⲃ efōcb | ⲉⲥⲱϭⲃ esōcb | ⲉⲛⲱϭⲃ enōcb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϭⲃ etetn̄ōcb | ⲉⲩⲱϭⲃ euōcb | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϭⲃ ere- ōcb |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### Noun

ⲱϭⲃ • (ōcb) m
* (Sahidic) cold, frost

### References

* TLA lemma no. C5666 (ⲱϭⲃ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),
* TLA lemma no. C5667 (ⲱϭⲃ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),
* Marcion Coptic dictionary