# ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

ϫⲉⲙϫⲟⲙ (čemčom) — Bohairic

### Etymology

From ϭⲙ- (cm-) +‎ ϭⲟⲙ (com), literally “to find strength”.

### Verb

ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ • (cmcom)
* (Sahidic) to find strength, be able (to do)

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ cmcom | imperative | affirmative | ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ cmcom |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ tm̄cmcom | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄pr̄cmcom |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ticmcom | ⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ kcmcom | ⲧⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ tecmcom | ϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ fcmcom | ⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ scmcom | ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ tn̄cmcom | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ tetn̄cmcom | ⲥⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ secmcom | ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ cmcom |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eïcmcom | ⲉⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ekcmcom | ⲉⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ erecmcom | ⲉϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ efcmcom | ⲉⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ escmcom | ⲉⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ encmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etetn̄cmcom | ⲉⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eucmcom | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ere- cmcom |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eticmcom | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etk̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etecmcom, eterecmcom | ⲉⲧϥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etf̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ets̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etn̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etetn̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etoucmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etere- cmcom |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ neïcmcom | ⲛⲉⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nekcmcom | ⲛⲉⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nerecmcom | ⲛⲉϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nefcmcom | ⲛⲉⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nescmcom | ⲛⲉⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nencmcom | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ netetn̄cmcom | ⲛⲉⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ neucmcom | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nere- cmcom |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ tinacmcom | ⲕⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ knacmcom | ⲧⲉⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ tenacmcom | ϥⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ fnacmcom | ⲥⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ snacmcom | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ tn̄nacmcom | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ tetnacmcom | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ senacmcom | ⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nacmcom |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eïnacmcom | ⲉⲕⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eknacmcom | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ erenacmcom | ⲉϥⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ efnacmcom | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ esnacmcom | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ennacmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etetnacmcom | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eunacmcom | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ere- nacmcom |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etinacmcom | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etk̄nacmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etenacmcom, eterenacmcom | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etf̄nacmcom | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ets̄nacmcom | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etn̄nacmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etetnacmcom | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etounacmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etere- nacmcom |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ neïnacmcom | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ neknacmcom | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nerenacmcom | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nefnacmcom | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nesnacmcom | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nennacmcom | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ netetnacmcom | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ neunacmcom | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nere- nacmcom |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ aïcmcom | ⲁⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ akcmcom | ⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲁⲣϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲁⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ acmcom, arcmcom, arecmcom | ⲁϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ afcmcom | ⲁⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ascmcom | ⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ancmcom | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ atetn̄cmcom | ⲁⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ aucmcom | ⲁ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ a- cmcom |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄picmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄pk̄cmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄pecmcom, m̄pr̄cmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄pf̄cmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄ps̄cmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄pn̄cmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄petn̄cmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄poucmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄pe- cmcom |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eaïcmcom | ⲉⲁⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eakcmcom | ⲉⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉⲁⲣϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eacmcom, earcmcom, earecmcom | ⲉⲁϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eafcmcom | ⲉⲁⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eascmcom | ⲉⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eancmcom | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eatetn̄cmcom | ⲉⲁⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eaucmcom | ⲉⲁ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ea- cmcom |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄picmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄pk̄cmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄pecmcom, em̄pr̄cmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄pf̄cmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄ps̄cmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄pn̄cmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄petn̄cmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄poucmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄pe- cmcom |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ entaïcmcom, n̄taïcmcom | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ entakcmcom, n̄takcmcom | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ entacmcom, n̄tacmcom, entarcmcom, n̄tarcmcom, entarecmcom, n̄tarecmcom | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ entafcmcom, n̄tafcmcom | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ entascmcom, n̄tascmcom | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ entancmcom, n̄tancmcom | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ entatetn̄cmcom, n̄tatetn̄cmcom | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ entaucmcom, n̄taucmcom | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ enta- cmcom, n̄ta- cmcom |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄picmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄pk̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄pecmcom, etem̄pr̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄pf̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄ps̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄pn̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄petn̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄poucmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄pe- cmcom |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ neaïcmcom | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ neakcmcom | ⲛⲉⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ neacmcom, nearcmcom, nearecmcom | ⲛⲉⲁϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ neafcmcom | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ neascmcom | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ neancmcom | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ neatetn̄cmcom | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ neaucmcom | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nea- cmcom |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄picmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄pk̄cmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄pecmcom, nem̄pr̄cmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄pf̄cmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄ps̄cmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄pn̄cmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄petn̄cmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄poucmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄pe- cmcom |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄taïcmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄takcmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄tacmcom, n̄tarcmcom, n̄tarecmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄tafcmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄tascmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄tancmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄tatetn̄cmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄taucmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄ta- cmcom |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄paticmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄patk̄cmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄patecmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄patf̄cmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄pats̄cmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄patn̄cmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄patetn̄cmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄patoucmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄pate- cmcom |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄paticmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄patk̄cmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄patecmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄patf̄cmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄pats̄cmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄patn̄cmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄patetn̄cmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄patoucmcom | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ em̄pate- cmcom |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄paticmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄patk̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄patecmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄patf̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄pats̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄patn̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄patetn̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄patoucmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etem̄pate- cmcom |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄paticmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄patk̄cmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄patecmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄patf̄cmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄pats̄cmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄patn̄cmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄patetn̄cmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄patoucmcom | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nem̄pate- cmcom |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šaïcmcom | ϣⲁⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šakcmcom | ϣⲁⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šarecmcom | ϣⲁϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šafcmcom | ϣⲁⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šascmcom | ϣⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šancmcom | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šatetn̄cmcom | ϣⲁⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šaucmcom | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šare- cmcom |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ meïcmcom | ⲙⲉⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ mekcmcom | ⲙⲉⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ merecmcom | ⲙⲉϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ mefcmcom | ⲙⲉⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ mescmcom | ⲙⲉⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ mencmcom | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ metetn̄cmcom | ⲙⲉⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ meucmcom | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ mere- cmcom |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ešaïcmcom | ⲉϣⲁⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ešakcmcom | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ešarecmcom | ⲉϣⲁϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ešafcmcom | ⲉϣⲁⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ešascmcom | ⲉϣⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ešancmcom | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ešatetn̄cmcom | ⲉϣⲁⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ešaucmcom | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ešare- cmcom |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emeïcmcom | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emekcmcom | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emerecmcom | ⲉⲙⲉϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emefcmcom | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emescmcom | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emencmcom | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emetetn̄cmcom | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emeucmcom | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emere- cmcom |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etešaïcmcom, ešaïcmcom | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etešakcmcom, ešakcmcom | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etešarecmcom, ešarecmcom | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉϣⲁϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etešafcmcom, ešafcmcom | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etešascmcom, ešascmcom | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etešancmcom, ešancmcom | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etešatetn̄cmcom, ešatetn̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etešaucmcom, ešaucmcom | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etešare- cmcom, ešare- cmcom |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etemeïcmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etemekcmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etemerecmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etemefcmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etemescmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etemencmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etemetetn̄cmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etemeucmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etemere- cmcom |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nešaïcmcom | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nešakcmcom | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nešarecmcom | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nešafcmcom | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nešascmcom | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nešancmcom | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nešatetn̄cmcom | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nešaucmcom | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nešare- cmcom |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nemeïcmcom | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nemekcmcom | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nemerecmcom | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nemefcmcom | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nemescmcom | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nemencmcom | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nemetetn̄cmcom | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nemeucmcom | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ nemere- cmcom |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emeïcmcom | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emekcmcom | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emerecmcom | ⲉⲙⲉϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emefcmcom | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emescmcom | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emencmcom | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emetetn̄cmcom | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emeucmcom | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ emere- cmcom |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eïecmcom | ⲉⲕⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ekecmcom | ⲉⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ erecmcom | ⲉϥⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ efecmcom | ⲉⲥⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ esecmcom | ⲉⲛⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ enecmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etetnecmcom | ⲉⲩⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ euecmcom | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ere- cmcom |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄nacmcom | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄nekcmcom | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄necmcom | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄nefcmcom | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄nescmcom | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄nencmcom | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄netn̄cmcom | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄neucmcom | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄ne- cmcom |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϭⲙϭⲟⲙ maricmcom | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ marefcmcom | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ marescmcom | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ marn̄cmcom | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ maroucmcom | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ mare- cmcom |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄pr̄tracmcom | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄pr̄trefcmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄pr̄trescmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄pr̄trencmcom | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄pr̄treucmcom | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ m̄pr̄tre- cmcom |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲧⲁϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄tacmcom, tacmcom | ⲛ̄ⲅϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄gcmcom, n̄kcmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄tecmcom | ⲛ̄ϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄fcmcom | ⲛ̄ⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄scmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄tn̄cmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄tetn̄cmcom | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄secmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄te- cmcom |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϭⲙϭⲟⲙ taricmcom | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ tarekcmcom | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ tarecmcom | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ tarefcmcom | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ tarescmcom | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ tarn̄cmcom | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ taretn̄cmcom | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ taroucmcom | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ tare- cmcom |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄tericmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄terekcmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄terecmcom, n̄terercmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄terefcmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄terescmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄tern̄cmcom, n̄terencmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄teretn̄cmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄teroucmcom | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ n̄tere- cmcom |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šanticmcom | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šantk̄cmcom | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šantecmcom | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šantf̄cmcom | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šants̄cmcom | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šantn̄cmcom | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šantetn̄cmcom | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šantoucmcom | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ šante- cmcom |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eïšancmcom | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ekšancmcom | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eršancmcom, erešancmcom | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ efšancmcom | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ esšancmcom | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ enšancmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etetn̄šancmcom | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eušancmcom | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eršan- cmcom |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eïcmcom | ⲉⲕϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ekcmcom | ⲉⲣⲉϭⲙϭⲟⲙ erecmcom | ⲉϥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ efcmcom | ⲉⲥϭⲙϭⲟⲙ escmcom | ⲉⲛϭⲙϭⲟⲙ encmcom | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ etetn̄cmcom | ⲉⲩϭⲙϭⲟⲙ eucmcom | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ere- cmcom |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### References

* TLA lemma no. C7721 (ϭⲙϭⲟⲙ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA), (accessed 2024-09-15).