# 忖

| 忖 | U+5FD6, &#24534; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FD6 |
| ← 忕 [U+5FD5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 志 → [U+5FD7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

忖 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 心木戈 (PDI), four-corner 9400$_0$, composition ⿰忄寸)
* guess, suppose, conjecture

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 376, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10326
* Dae Jaweon: page 703, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2272, character 4
* Unihan data for U+5FD6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 村 | *sʰuːn |
| 忖 | *sʰuːnʔ |
| 刌 | *sʰuːnʔ |
| 寸 | *sʰuːns |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cǔn (cun$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun$^2$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Ningbo): $^3$tshen
** (Jinhua): $^3$tshen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cǔn
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǔn
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻun$^3$
*** Yale: tswǔn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsoen
*** Palladius: цунь (cunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu̯ən²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cyun$^2$
*** Yale: chyún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyːn³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^3$tshen
*** MiniDict: tshen$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡sʰəŋ³²⁵/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^3$tshen
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡sʰəŋ⁵³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tshwonX
Rime :
| Character | 忖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 倉本切 |
| Baxter | tshwonX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰuən$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰuon$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰuən$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰwən$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰuən$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰuən$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰuən$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cǔn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cyun$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤu[n]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰuːnʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 忖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cǔn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshwon$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁu[n]ʔ/ |
| English | measure, consider |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 忖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1911 |
| Phonetic component | 寸 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 忖 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰuːnʔ/ |

### Definitions

忖
* to ponder; to speculate
* (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to think
* (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to want
    From: 2019, 還潮 (lyrics and music), 舊社會頂窮的人 ("The Poorest Ones in the Olden Days")
    $^6$mei-gniq$_8$ $^5$khau $^5$kho $^2$dzo $^5$kou $^8$gniq-ciaq$_7$ $^7$ciq $^3$shian-tshen$_3$ $^3$un-tsae$_3$ $^6$yeu $^3$kheu $^3$cieu [Wugniu]
    Getting by every day capturing snakes; hoping for but a sip of wine in his bowl.
* (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to look forward to; to plan for
    From: 1996, Cao Zhiyun, 金華方言詞典, page 186
    Grown-ups hope for land to sow, as children hope for new year's treats.
* (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to miss

### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 想 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 想 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 想 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 想 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 想 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 想 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 想 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 想 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 想 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 想 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 想 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 諗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 諗 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 諗 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 諗 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 諗 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 諗 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 諗 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 諗 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 諗 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 諗 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 諗 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 想 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 想, 愐 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 想 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 想, 愐 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 想, 愐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 想, 愐 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 想, 愐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 想, 愐 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 想 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 想 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 想 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 想 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 想 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 想 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 想 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 想 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 想 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 想 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 想 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 想 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 想 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 想 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 想 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 想 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 想 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 想 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 想 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 想 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 想 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 想 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 想 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 想 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 想 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 算 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 想 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 想 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 想 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 想 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 想 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 惀 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 忖, 惀 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 想 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 想, 忖 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 想 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 想 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 欲$_1$ |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 要, 欲$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 要 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 要, 想 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 要 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 要 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 要 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 要 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 要 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 要 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 要 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 要 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 要 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 要 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 要, 想 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 要, 想 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 愛 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 愛 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 要, 想, 愛 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 要, 想 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 要 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 愛 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) | 愛 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 愛 |
| Hakka | Zijin | 愛 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 愛 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 愛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 愛 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 愛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 愛 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 愛, 討 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 愛 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 要 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 讓 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 愛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 愛, 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 欲$_3$, 愛 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | 愛 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 愛 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 愛 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 愛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 愛 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 欲$_3$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 欲$_3$ |
| Wu | Shanghai | 要 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 要 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 愛 |
| Wu | Lishui | 樂 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 要 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 要 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 想念, 思念, 掛念, 惦念, 懷念 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 想念, 想 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 想念, 想 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 掛住, 掛望 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 掛住 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 掛住 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 數念, 心念 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 數念 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 數念, 心念 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 數念, 心念 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 想, 數念, 思念 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 數念 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 數念 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 數念 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 思念 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 想念 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 算 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 想, 牽記, 想念 somewhat literary |
| Wu | Suzhou | 牽記 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 忖 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 想, 忖 |

### Compounds

* 亂忖三千／乱忖三千
* 介忖既忖
* 呆忖忖
* 好忖
* 忖前思後／忖前思后
* 忖勒来
* 忖度 (cǔnduó)
* 忖測／忖测
* 忖煞介
* 忖相
* 忖著勁兒／忖著劲儿
* 忖野心
* 忖量 (cǔnliàng)
* 忖頭／忖头
* 思忖 (sīcǔn)
* 暗忖 (àncǔn)
* 自忖

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: そん (son)
* Kan-on: そん (son)
* Kun: はかる (hakaru)

## Korean
### Hanja

忖 (eumhun 헤아릴 촌 (hearil chon))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

忖: Hán Nôm readings: thổn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.