# 釋迦
## Chinese

* 釋迦

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाक्य (Śākya).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shìjiā
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sik$^1$ gaa$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳt-kâ / sit-kâ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sek-ka / sek-kee / sek-khia / sek-kia / sek-kiau / sek-khiau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shìjiā
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shìhjia
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^4$-chia$^1$
*** Yale: shr̀-jyā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhjia
*** Palladius: шицзя (šiczja)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$世家 釋迦／释迦
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sik$^1$ gaa$^1$
*** Yale: sīk gā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sik$^7$ gaa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xig$^1$ ga$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪk̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳt-kâ / sit-kâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: siid$^ˋ$ ga$^ˊ$ / xid$^ˋ$ ga$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sid$^5$ ga$^1$ / xid$^5$ ga$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚² ka²⁴/, /sit̚² ka²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek-ka
*** Tâi-lô: sik-ka
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sekkaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek-kee
*** Tâi-lô: sik-kee
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ kɛ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek-khia
*** Tâi-lô: sik-khia
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sekqiaf
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Yilan): /siɪk̚²⁻⁵ kʰia⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Magong, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek-kia
*** Tâi-lô: sik-kia
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sekkiaf
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kia⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Lukang): /siɪk̚⁵ kia³³/
** (Hokkien: Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek-kiau
*** Tâi-lô: sik-kiau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sekkiaw
*** IPA (Kinmen): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁵⁴ kiau⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek-khiau
*** Tâi-lô: sik-khiau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sekqiaw
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiau⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: syek kja
Rime :
| Character | 釋 | 迦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 昔 (123) | 戈 (96) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 施隻切 | 居伽切 |
| Baxter | syek | kja |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕiᴇk̚/ | /kɨɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiɛk̚/ | /kiɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕiæk̚/ | /kiɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕiajk̚/ | /kɨa/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiɛk̚/ | /kiɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭɛk̚/ | /kǐɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɕi̯ɛk̚/ | /ki̯ɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shi | jiē |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sik$^1$ | ge$^1$ |

### Proper noun

釋迦
* (～族) (historical, Buddhism) Shakya (a clan originating from the Indian subcontinent)
* (Buddhism) Short for 釋迦牟尼／释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní, “Śakyamuni Buddha”).

### Noun

釋迦
* (chiefly Taiwan and Southern Min) Short for 釋迦果／释迦果 (shìjiāguǒ, “sugar apple”).

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 番荔枝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 釋迦, 釋迦果 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 釋迦 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 番荔枝, 番鬼荔枝, 番鬼佬荔枝 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 番荔枝, 番鬼荔枝, 番鬼佬荔枝, 番枝 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 番鬼荔枝 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 番鬼荔枝 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 釋迦 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 佛果 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 佛果 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 釋迦, 沙梨 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 釋迦 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 牛心梨, 柅仔 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 釋迦 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 佛果, 釋迦 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 釋迦 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 佛果, 釋迦 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 釋迦 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 番仔荔枝, 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 番仔荔枝, 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 林檎 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an (Sidu) | 林檎 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an (Tingyang, Baiyang) | 林檎 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an (Wenshan, Taiping) | 林檎 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Yongjing) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | nona |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 林檎 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 釋迦 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 林檎 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 林檎 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 林檎 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 林檎 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 林檎 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Yun'ao) | 林檎 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 林檎 |

#### Derived terms

* 奇美釋迦／奇美释迦
* 旺來釋迦／旺来释迦
* 蜜釋迦／蜜释迦
* 鳳梨釋迦／凤梨释迦 (fènglí shìjiā)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 釋 | 迦 |
| しゃく > しゃ Hyōgai | か Jinmeiyō |
| irregular | kan'on |
For pronunciation and definitions of 釋迦 – see the following entry. :
| 【釈迦しゃか】 | [proper noun] (Buddhism) Clipping of 釈迦牟尼 (Shakamuni): Sakyamuni [proper noun] (historical) Short for 釈迦族 (Shaka-zoku): an ancient north Indian tribe to which Sakyamuni once belonged [noun] (theater) a gold-lacquered Noh mask used to depict the Buddha |
(This term, 釋迦, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 釋迦 (MC syek kja), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit शाक्य (Śākya)

### Proper noun

釋迦 (Shaka) (kana しゃか)
* (Buddhism) Śakyamuni
** c. 753, Bussokuseki no Uta (Yakushi-ji Buddha Footprint Poems), poem 9
    舎加乃美阿止伊波爾宇都志於伎宇夜麻比弖乃知乃保止氣爾由豆利麻都良牟佐佐義麻宇佐牟Shaka no$_2$ mi$_1$-ato$_2$ ipa ni utusi-oki$_1$ uyamapi$_1$te no$_2$ti no$_2$ poto$_2$ke$_2$ ni yuduri-maturamu sasage-mausamuŚakya’s holy footprints which I inscribe copies on rock and revere, to the future Buddha I bequeath and dedicate, I humbly consecrate!

#### Usage notes

Some dictionaries erroneously have entries read as さか (Saka), assuming lack of palatalization sounds in other Old Japanese literature. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 釈迦 (Shaka)