# 周密
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhōumì
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡ ㄇㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zau$^1$ mat$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chû-me̍t
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiu-bi̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziu$^1$ mêg$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhōumì
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ ㄇㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhoumì
*** Wade–Giles: chou$^1$-mi$^4$
*** Yale: jōu-mì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joumih
*** Palladius: чжоуми (čžoumi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zau$^1$ mat$^6$
*** Yale: jāu maht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzau$^1$ mat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zeo$^1$ med$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû-me̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: zu$^ˊ$ med
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zu$^1$ med$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ met̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiu-bi̍t
*** Tâi-lô: tsiu-bi̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciu'bit
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² bit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siu³³ bit̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² bit̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ bit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ bit̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziu$^1$ mêg$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiu me̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siu³³⁻²³ mek̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsyuw mit
Rime :
| Character | 周 | 密 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 質 (49) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 職流切 | 美畢切 |
| Baxter | tsyuw | mit |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨu/ | /mˠiɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiu/ | /mᵚit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiəu/ | /miet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cuw/ | /mjit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiu/ | /mjĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭəu/ | /mĭĕt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/ | /mi̯ĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhōu | mì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zau$^1$ | mat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tiw mri[t]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjɯw mriɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 周 | 密 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhōu | mì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyuw › | ‹ mit › |
| Old Chinese | /*tiw/ | /*mri[t]/ |
| English | cycle; all around | dense |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 周 | 密 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17531 | 591 |
| Phonetic component | 周 | 必 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 周 | 密 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjɯw/ | /*mriɡ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象田間稼密， 爲稠初文 | |

### Adjective

周密
* thorough; meticulous; careful
    周密的計劃／周密的计划 ― zhōumì de jìhuà ― careful planning
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Qí zhīlǜ duō dàng yǐ, ér wèi zhōumì yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (literary, of dealings) intimate; close

#### Synonyms

* (thorough):
* 周到 (zhōudào)
* 嚴密／严密 (yánmì)
* 審／审 (shěn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 細密／细密 (xìmì)
* 細緻／细致 (xìzhì)
* 綿密／绵密 (miánmì) (of speech, writing, etc.)
* 縝密／缜密 (zhěnmì)
* 過細／过细 (guòxì)
* (intimate):
* 同衾 (tóngqīn) (literary, figuratively)
* 密切 (mìqiè)
* 接近 (jiējìn)
* 火熱／火热 (huǒrè)
* 熱和／热和 (rèhuo) (colloquial)
* 熱火／热火 (rèhuǒ) (colloquial)
* 知心 (zhīxīn)
* 緊密／紧密 (jǐnmì)
* 親切／亲切 (qīnqiè)
* 親善／亲善 (qīnshàn) (of relations between countries)
* 親密／亲密 (qīnmì)
* 親熱／亲热 (qīnrè)
* 親近／亲近 (qīnjìn)
* 貼己／贴己 (tiējǐ)
* 貼身／贴身 (tiēshēn)
* 近 (jìn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 近乎 (jìnhu) (colloquial)
* 過心／过心 (guòxīn) (regional)
* 體己／体己

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “thorough”):
* 不周 (bùzhōu)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 周密(しゅうみつ) (shūmitsu)
* → Korean: 주밀(周密) (jumil)