# 公務員
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōngwùyuán
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄨˋ ㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^1$ mou$^6$ jyun$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûng-vu-yèn / kûng-vu-yàn
* Eastern Min (BUC): gŭng-ô-uòng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kong-bū-oân
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kon-wu-yoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngwùyuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄨˋ ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongwùyuán
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-wu$^4$-yüan$^2$
*** Yale: gūng-wù-ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongwuhyuan
*** Palladius: гунъуюань (gunʺujuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$ mou$^6$ jyun$^4$
*** Yale: gūng mouh yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$ mou$^6$ jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$ mou$^6$ yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ mou̯²² jyːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-vu-yèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: gung$^ˊ$ vu ien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gung$^1$ vu$^4$ yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ vu⁵⁵ i̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-vu-yàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: gung$^ˊ$ vu (r)ian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gung$^1$ vu$^4$ yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ vu⁵⁵ (j)i̯an¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭng-ô-uòng
*** Sinological IPA : /kuŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋu²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ uoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-bū-oân
*** Tâi-lô: kong-bū-uân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kongbuxoaan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bu²²⁻²¹ uan²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ bu⁴¹⁻²² uan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bu²²⁻²¹ uan¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bu³³⁻¹¹ uan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bu³³⁻²¹ uan²³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kon-wu-yoe
*** MiniDict: kon$^平$ wu yoe
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kon-hhu-hhyoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵⁵ ɦu³³ ɦyø²¹/

### Noun

公務員
* civil servant; government official; functionary
       tígāo gōngwùyuán de zōnghé sùzhì [Pinyin]
       to improve the overall quality of civil servants
    考公務員／考公务员 ― kǎo gōngwùyuán ― to take a civil service exam
       Gōngwùyuán kǎoshì dāngtiān yīnggāi zhùyì nǎxiē yàodiǎn? [Pinyin]
       What points should be paid attention to on the day of the civil service examination?
       Tèqū yīng yánsù chǔlǐ gōngwùyuán wéiguī shìjiàn. [Pinyin]
       Special administrative regions should seriously punish civil servants who violate regulations.

#### Synonyms

* (civil servant):
* 內臣／内臣 (nèichén) (historical)
* 公僕／公仆 (gōngpú)
* 公職人員／公职人员 (gōngzhí rényuán)
* 君子 (jūnzǐ) (Classical Chinese)
* 官僚 (guānliáo)
* 官吏 (guānlì) (chiefly historical)
* 官員／官员 (guānyuán)
* 官宦 (guānhuàn) (chiefly historical)
* 宦官 (huànguān) (chiefly historical)
* 有司 (yǒusī) (archaic)
* 臣僚 (chénliáo) (historical, in a monarchy)

#### Derived terms

* 公考 (gōngkǎo)
* 考公 (kǎogōng)

#### Related terms

* 公務人員／公务人员 (gōngwù rényuán)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 公 | 務 | 員 |
| こう Grade: 2 | む Grade: 5 | いん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi |||

### Noun

公(こう)務(む)員(いん) • (kōmuin)
* public sector workers, civil servants

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 公 | 務 | 員 |

### Noun

公務員 • (gongmuwon) (hangeul 공무원)
* hanja form of 공무원 (“public official; public servant; civil servant”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 公 | 務 | 員 |

### Noun

公務員
* chữ Hán form of công vụ viên (“public servant; civil servant”).