# 吶

| 吶 | U+5436, &#21558; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5436 |
| ← 吵 [U+5435] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 吷 → [U+5437] |

## Translingual
### Han character

吶 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口人月 (ROB), four-corner 6402$_7$, composition ⿰口內)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 179, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3370
* Dae Jaweon: page 397, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 588, character 14
* Unihan data for U+5436

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 妠 | *nuːms, *nuːb, *rnoːd |
| 內 | *nuːbs |
| 笍 | *tnobs, *njobs |
| 芮 | *njobs |
| 枘 | *njobs |
| 汭 | *njobs |
| 鈉 | *njobs |
| 蜹 | *njobs, *lobs, *njod |
| 抐 | *nuːns, *nuːd |
| 納 | *nuːb |
| 衲 | *nuːb |
| 魶 | *nuːb, *noːb |
| 軜 | *nuːb |
| 蒳 | *nuːb |
| 豽 | *rnuːd |
| 肭 | *rnuːd, *nuːd, *nuɡ |
| 吶 | *nod |
| 焫 | *njod |
| 訥 | *nuːd |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nà (na$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): naap$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): la̍p
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$neq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nà
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nà
*** Wade–Giles: na$^4$
*** Yale: nà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nah
*** Palladius: на (na)
*** Sinological IPA : /nä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naap$^6$
*** Yale: naahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːp̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍p
*** Tâi-lô: la̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lap
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lap̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lap̚²⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$neq
*** MiniDict: neh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$neq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nəʔ¹²/

#### Definitions

吶
* to shout
    吶喊／呐喊 ― nàhǎn ― to shout

#### Compounds

* 吶喊／呐喊 (nàhǎn)
* 嗩吶／唢呐 (suǒnà)
* 搖旗吶喊／摇旗呐喊 (yáoqínàhǎn)
* 聲吶／声呐 (shēngnà)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nè, nà (ne$^4$, na$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄜˋ, ㄋㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): neot$^6$ / nat$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$neq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nè
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nè
*** Wade–Giles: nê$^4$
*** Yale: nè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neh
*** Palladius: нэ (nɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /nɤ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nà
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nà
*** Wade–Giles: na$^4$
*** Yale: nà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nah
*** Palladius: на (na)
*** Sinological IPA : /nä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: neot$^6$ / nat$^6$
*** Yale: neuht / naht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: noet$^9$ / nat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nêd$^6$ / ned$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɵt̚²/, /nɐt̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$neq
*** MiniDict: neh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$neq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nəʔ¹²/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*not/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 吶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | nè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nywet › |
| Old Chinese | /*not/ |
| English | slow of speech |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||

#### Definitions

吶
* (literary) Alternative form of 訥／讷 (“to stammer”)
    吶吶／呐呐 ― nènè ― to stammer

#### Compounds

* 吶吶／呐呐
* 嘴吶／嘴呐

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): nā / nǎ
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nā
*** Tâi-lô: nā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: na
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /nã³³/
** (Hokkien: Lukang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nǎ
*** Tâi-lô: nǎ
*** IPA (Lukang): /nã³³/

#### Definitions

吶
* (Hokkien) to lick; to touch or pick up things with one's tongue
* (Hokkien) to stretch out one's tongue

#### Compounds

* 吶喙舌／呐喙舌
* 吶舌／呐舌

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 吶 – see 哪 (“sentence-final particle”). (This character is a variant form of 哪).

### Etymology 5

* For pronunciation and definitions of 吶 – see 呢 (“sentence-final particle”). (This character is a variant form of 呢).

### Etymology 6
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nuò (nuo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄛˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nuò
*** Wade–Giles: no$^4$
*** Yale: nwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nuoh
*** Palladius: но (no)
*** Sinological IPA : /nu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: nrjwet
Rime :
| Character | 吶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 薛 (84) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 女劣切 |
| Baxter | nrjwet |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳˠiuᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳʷᵚiet̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /niuæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳwiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /njuɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /nĭuɛt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ni̯wɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nüè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nyut$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*nod/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 吶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9401 |
| Phonetic component | 內 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 呐 |
| Old Chinese | /*nod/ |

#### Definitions

吶
* Only used in 嗗吶／嗗呐.

### References

* “Entry #2965”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: のち (nochi)
* Kan-on: どつ (dotsu)
* Kan’yō-on: とつ (totsu)
* Kun: どもる (domoru, 吶る)

## Korean
### Hanja

吶 (eumhun 말을 더듬을 눌 (mareul deodeumeul nul))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
吶 (eumhun 떠들 납 (tteodeul nap))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

吶: Hán Nôm readings: nột
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.