# 風波
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fēngbō, fēngpō
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄥ ㄅㄛ, ㄈㄥ ㄆㄛ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fung$^1$ bo$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûng-phô / fûng-pô
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hong-pho / hong-phō / hong-po
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^1$ bo$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēngbō
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄥ ㄅㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fongbo
*** Wade–Giles: fêng$^1$-po$^1$
*** Yale: fēng-bwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fengbo
*** Palladius: фэнбо (fɛnbo)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɤŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēngpō
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄥ ㄆㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fongpo
*** Wade–Giles: fêng$^1$-pʻo$^1$
*** Yale: fēng-pwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fengpo
*** Palladius: фэнпо (fɛnpo)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fung$^1$ bo$^1$
*** Yale: fūng bō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fung$^1$ bo$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fung$^1$ bo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊŋ⁵⁵ pɔː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûng-phô / fûng-pô
*** Hakka Romanization System: fung$^ˊ$ po$^ˊ$ / fung$^ˊ$ bo$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fung$^1$ po$^1$ / fung$^1$ bo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰo²⁴/, /fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ po²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-pho
*** Tâi-lô: hong-pho
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongphoy
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰo⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ pʰo³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-phō
*** Tâi-lô: hong-phō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongphoi
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰo³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɤ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-po
*** Tâi-lô: hong-po
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongpoy
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² po⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^1$ bo$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang po
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ³³⁻²³ po³³/
* Middle Chinese: pjuwng pa
Rime :
| Character | 風 | 波 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 方戎切 | 博禾切 |
| Baxter | pjuwng | pa |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨuŋ/ | /puɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piuŋ/ | /puɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuŋ/ | /puɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puwŋ/ | /pwa/ |
| Li Rong | /piuŋ/ | /puɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭuŋ/ | /puɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pi̯uŋ/ | /puɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fēng | bō |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fung$^1$ | bo$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*prəm pˤaj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*plum paːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 風 | 波 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fēng | bō |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjuwng › | ‹ pa › |
| Old Chinese | /*prəm/ | /*pˁaj/ |
| English | wind (n.) | wave (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 風 | 波 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2921 | 9719 |
| Phonetic component | 凡 | 皮 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 風 | 波 |
| Old Chinese | /*plum/ | /*paːl/ |

#### Noun

風波
* (figurative) disturbance; dispute; crisis

##### Synonyms

* 風暴／风暴 (fēngbào)

##### Derived terms

* 修例風波／修例风波 (Xiūlì Fēngbō)
* 平地起風波／平地起风波
* 平地風波／平地风波
* 杯水風波／杯水风波 (bēishuǐ-fēngbō)
* 風波平地／风波平地

##### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: phong ba (風波)

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hong-po͘
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-po͘
*** Tâi-lô: hong-poo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongpof
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ pɔ³³/

#### Verb

風波
* (Quanzhou Hokkien) to spread false stories; to start rumors

### Pronunciation 3

* Eastern Min (BUC): hŭng-bŏ̤
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭng-bŏ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ⁵⁵ $^{(p-)}$mo⁵⁵/

#### Noun

風波
* (Eastern Min) urticaria

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蕁麻疹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 鬼風疙瘩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 風圪墶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 鬼風疙瘩, 鬼蒙疙瘩, 滾皮疙瘩 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 風片 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 風丹, 風疙瘩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 狗風疙瘩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 風疹塊, 風疹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 風疹子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 風赧 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 風赧 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 風赧 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 冷目 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 風疙瘩 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 風瘼 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 風波 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 風膜, 凊膜凹, 風瘤 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 風膜, 風巴佬, 凊膜 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 凊凹 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 風膜, 凊膜凹, 風瘤 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 風瘤 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 風瘤 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 風疹塊, 風痧 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 風疹塊 |
| Wu | Danyang | 風疹塊, 風疹餅 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 風疹塊 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 風疹塊 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 風疸 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 風它 |