# 奶

| 奶 | U+5976, &#22902; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5976 |
| ← 奵 [U+5975] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 奷 → [U+5977] |

## Translingual
### Han character

奶 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 女弓竹尸 (VNHS), four-corner 4742$_7$, composition ⿰女乃)

#### Derived characters

* 𣐨, 𫇵, 𪺫

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 255, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6043
* Dae Jaweon: page 518, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1024, character 6
* Unihan data for U+5976

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 乃 | *nɯːʔ |
| 鼐 | *nɯːʔ, *nɯːs |
| 疓 | *njɯːʔ |
| 奶 | *rneːlʔ |
| 仍 | *njɯŋ |
| 艿 | *njɯŋ |
| 辸 | *njɯŋ |
| 礽 | *njɯŋ |
| 扔 | *njɯŋ, *njɯŋs |
| 芿 | *njɯŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rneːlʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ).

### Etymology 1

Unknown.
Similar words in the area include Proto-Hmong-Mien *niaʔ²ᴰ (“mother”), Tibetan ཨ་ནེ (a ne), ནེ་ནེ (ne ne, “paternal aunt”), Khmer ញី (ñii, “female”). It may be comparable with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nja-n (“breast; milk; suck”), whence Nuosu ꑍ (nyip, “liquid milk”), ꀉꆂ (ax nie, “breast; milk”).
It is unknown how the Min forms relate to forms in other dialects. See this article for a discussion of the Min Nan etymon. For similar nasalisations in Min, compare 耳 (ěr).
Colloquial words in different Min dialects show considerable variation – most have an n- initial, but finals and tones differ greatly. Some propose that this is substrate influence, passed on from the maternal Baiyue lineages since the intermarriages between southward-migrating Han Chinese and native non-Han women. Other southern dialects also show remnants of this native word: Hakka [Meixian] nɛn$^5$, Cantonese [Guangzhou] nin$^1$ (𢆡). Compare Thai นม (nom, “breast; breastmilk”), Zhuang noemz (“breast; breastmilk”).
The long-recognised Sino-Tibetan etymon in Chinese is 乳 (OC *njoʔ); see there for more.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): nǎi (nai$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄋㄞˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nai$^3$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): nài
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): нэ (ne, II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): naai$^5$ / naai$^{5-1}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): lai$^3$ / lai$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): nen / nâi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): nên$^4$ / nai$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): nai$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): nâing / nǎi / na̿i
* Eastern Min (BUC): nĕng / nèng / nā̤ / nāi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ni / lin / leng / nee / ne / nái
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ni$^6$ / ni$^1$ / nai$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$na
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nǎi
*** Wade–Giles: nai$^3$
*** Yale: nǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nae
*** Palladius: най (naj)
*** Sinological IPA : /naɪ̯²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nai$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: laai
*** Sinological IPA : /nai⁵³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: nài
*** Sinological IPA : /næ⁵³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: нэ (ne, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /nɛ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naai$^5$ / naai$^{5-1}$
*** Yale: náaih / nāai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naai$^5$ / naai$^{5-1}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nai$^5$ / nai$^{5-1}$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːi̯¹³/, /naːi̯¹³⁻⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: lai$^3$ / lai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /lai²¹³/, /lai⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nen / nâi
*** Hakka Romanization System: nen / nai$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nen$^4$ / nai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /nen⁵⁵/, /nai̯²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: nên$^4$ / nai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /nɛn⁵³/, /naɪ⁴⁴/
* Sixian:
** nen - colloquial;
** nâi - literary.
* Meixian:
** nên4 - colloquial;
** nai1 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit奶 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /nai²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /nai²¹³/ /nai⁴⁴/ ～孩子 |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /nai¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /nɛ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /nɛ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /nai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /nai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /nɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /nɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /lɛ⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /nai⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /nai⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /nai⁵³/ /nai⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /nai⁴²/ 牛～ /nai⁵⁵/ 祖母 |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /næ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /lae³¹/ /lae²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /le̞²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /nai⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /næ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /nɛ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /na²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /nɑ³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ne̞³³/ /ne̞⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /na³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /na³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ȵiɛ¹¹/ 吃～ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /lai⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /nai⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /lai²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /nai⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /nai²³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /nai²⁴/ /nai⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /nai¹³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /nai⁵³/ /ni⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /nɛ³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /nai²¹/ /nai³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /nãi⁵³/ /nĩ³⁵/ /nĩ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /nai²¹³/ ～粉 /ne²³/ /ni³¹/ ～媽 |
* Middle Chinese: nejX, nreaX
Rime :
| Character | 奶 | 奶 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 佳 (31) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | II |
| Fanqie | 奴禮切 | 奴蟹切 |
| Baxter | nejX | nreaX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nei$^X$/ | /ɳˠɛ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nei$^X$/ | /ɳᵚæ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɛi$^X$/ | /næi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nɛj$^X$/ | /ɳaɨj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /nei$^X$/ | /nɛ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /niei$^X$/ | /nai$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /niei$^X$/ | /nai$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nǐ | nǎi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nai$^5$ | naai$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rneːlʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 奶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9341 |
| Phonetic component | 乃 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 嬭 |
| Old Chinese | /*rneːlʔ/ |
| Notes | 嬭今字 |

#### Definitions

奶
* breast
    奶頭／奶头 ― nǎitóu ― nipple
    From: 2020 October 30, a slogan used in the 2020 Taiwan Trans-March
    zhēn nǎi jiǎ nǎi dōu shì nǎi, yǒu diǎo méi diǎo dōu hěn diǎo [Pinyin]
    Real or fake, all breasts are breasts; you're cool regardless of whether you have a dick
* milk; breast milk
    牛奶 ― niúnǎi ― cow milk
    飲奶／饮奶 [Cantonese] ― jam$^2$ naai$^5$ [Jyutping] ― to drink milk
* to nurse
* to breastfeed; to suckle
* (in compounds) infant; infantile; milk (teeth, name, etc.)
    奶名 ― nǎimíng ― childhood name
    奶聲奶氣／奶声奶气 ― nǎishēngnǎiqì ― childish voice
* (regional) mother
* (regional) grandmother
    奶奶 ― nǎinǎi ― paternal grandmother

##### Synonyms

* (grandmother):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 祖母 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 祖母 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 奶奶, 奶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 奶奶, 阿嬤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 奶奶, 奶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 奶奶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 奶奶 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 奶奶 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 奶奶 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 婆, 婆婆 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 奶奶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 奶奶, 奶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 奶奶, 奶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 奶, 婆 suburbs, 拿拿 Hui |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 奶奶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 奶奶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 奶奶, 阿奶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 拿拿 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 奶奶 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 奶奶 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 奶奶, 阿奶 Hui |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 婆婆, 奶奶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 太, 奶奶, 婆婆 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 太太, 奶奶, 老太太 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 奶, 奶奶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 奶奶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 婆, 奶, 阿奶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shanglin (Sanli) | 婆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 奶奶, 奶, 吾奶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 奶奶, 太太 dated |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 奶奶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 奶奶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 婆婆 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 阿嫲, 嫲嫲 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 阿嫲, 嫲 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Xinjiao, Haizhu) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Longxi, Liwan) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huangpu) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Xinshi, Baiyun) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Shijing, Baiyun) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Jiangcun, Baiyun) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Longgui, Baiyun) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Renhe, Baiyun) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zhuliao, Baiyun) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zhongluotan, Baiyun) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Jiufo, Huangpu) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 阿人 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 阿人 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 阿人 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 阿人 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 阿人 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 阿嫲, 嫲嫲, 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 阿媽, 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 吾妣 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 阿嫲, 阿奶 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 阿婆, 阿奶 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 婆 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 阿奶 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 阿娘 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 奶, 阿奶 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 阿婆, 婆, 奶奶 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 阿嫲, 嫲嫲 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 阿嫲 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 婆婆, 奶奶 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 姆媽 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 婆婆 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) | 阿嫲, 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) | 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Zengcheng (Zhengguo) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 阿婆, 祖婆 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) | 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) | 阿濟 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) | 阿濟 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) | 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) | 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 娭姐 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) | 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) | 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 阿嬤 |
| Hakka | Changting | 娭姐 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 娭姐 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 娭姐 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 阿姐, 媽 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 媽媽 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 婆婆, 婆, 婆奶 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 婆婆 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 奶奶, 奶 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 婆 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 奶奶, 阿奶 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 姐姐 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 奶奶 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 奶奶 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 阿婆, 阿嬤 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 阿婆, 阿奶 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 阿嬤, 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 阿婆, 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 婆 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 阿婆 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 婦, 阿婦 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 奶奶, 老姨 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 老婄, 婄 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 阿婄, 婄, 奶兒, 阿奶 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 老婦兒 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 嫗兒, 娪娭 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 婆婆 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 媽媽 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 娘 |
| Huizhou | Jingde | 奶奶 |
| Huizhou | Shitai (Xianyu) | 奶奶 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 奶奶 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 娘娘 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 娘娘啊, 呀娘, 娘娘 |
| Jin | Linhe | 娘娘 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 奶奶 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 娘娘 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 奶奶, 媽媽 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 阿媽 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 嫲老 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 媽老 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 阿老 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 媽媽 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 媽媽 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 媽媽, 阿大 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 依媽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 依媽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 阿媽, 媽 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 依媽 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 媽 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 婆 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 婆 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 阿婆 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 阿婆 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 阿媽 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 依媽 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 阿媽, 俺媽, 內媽 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 俺媽, 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 阿媽, 引媽, 媽仔, 內媽 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 俺媽, 引媽 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 阿媽, 媽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 阿媽, 咉媽, 內媽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 媽 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 媽 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 阿媽, 俺媽 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 阿媽, 內媽 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 俺媽 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 阿媽, 媽 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 阿媽, 俺媽, 內媽 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 俺媽, 阿媽, 引媽 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 媽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 媽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 俺媽 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 阿媽, 媽 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 媽, 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) | 內媽 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 尼奶, 尼媽, 奶, 媽 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 奶, 婆 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 阿媽 face-to-face, 阿婆 face-to-face, 媽 non-face-to-face, 婆 non-face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 阿婆 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 阿媽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 阿媽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 阿媽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 阿媽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 阿媽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 阿媽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 阿媽 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 俺媽 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 婆媽 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 俺媽 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 婆 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 婆, 阿婆 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 奶, 阿奶, 奶奶, 太婆 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 奶奶 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 阿婆 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 阿嫲 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 阿嫲 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 阿嫲 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 阿婆 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 阿婆 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 阿婆 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 嫲 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 姐 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 姐 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 阿姐 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 姐 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 姐 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 婆 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 爾奶, 阿奶, 奶奶 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 裡婆, 親婆, 婆, 阿婆, 婆阿 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 好婆, 好親婆, 親婆 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 親娘 |
| Wu | Danyang | 嫚嫚 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 奶奶 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 阿娘 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 娘娘, 祖婆, 祖婆娘, 阿娘 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 媽媽 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 媽媽 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 娭毑 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 娭毑 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 佳婆, 奶奶 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 奶奶 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 奶奶 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 奶奶 |
* (breast):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 乳 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 乳房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 咂兒, 咂咂兒, 咂兒咂兒, 媽媽, 奶膀子, 奶子, 㜷㜷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 奶子, 咪咪 slang, 長輩 slang |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 咂咂兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 咂兒, 奶頭, 媽媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 咂兒, 奶頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 乳房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 咂咂兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 奶子, 奶膀子, 咂兒, 咂咂兒, 媽兒媽兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 乳房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 奶膀子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 個個 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 悶兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 媽媽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 媽媽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 媽媽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 媽媽, 奶 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 奶子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 奶子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 奶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 媽媽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 奶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 媽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 奶頭, 奶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 奶頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 媽媽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 高高 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 高高, 奶頭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 苶苶 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 奶子, 高高 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 奶奶, 包子 humorous |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 媽, 媽媽, 奶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 咪咪, 奶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 奶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 奶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 奶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 奶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 奶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 奶兒, 奶子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 奶子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 奶子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 奶頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Chuzhou | 媽頭子 |
| Mandarin | Nanping (Yanping) | 奶奶 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 𢆡, 胸, 波, 車頭燈 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 媽仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 媽仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 𢆡姑 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 𢆡姑 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 奶 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 𢆡, 奶 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 奶 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 乳房 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 𢆡, 呢仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 𢆡, 奄 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 奶 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 𢆡, 奶 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 奶 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 奶 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 奶 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 𢆡 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 𢆡, 奶 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 波 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 奶 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 奶 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 奶 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 奶菇, 奶牯 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 奶菇, 奶 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 奶 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 奶菇 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 奶菇, 奶 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 奶牯 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 奶 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 奶牯 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 奶 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 奶菇 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 奶 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) | 奶牯 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) | 奶 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) | 奶牯 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 奶 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 奶房, 奶 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 奶 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 奶 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 奶菇 |
| Hakka | Changting | 奶 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 奶菇 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 奶菇 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 奶菇 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 奶 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 奶 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 奶菇, 奶 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 波 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 奶菇 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 奶菇 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 奶菇 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 奶菇 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 奶菇 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 奶 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 奶菇 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 奶 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 奶 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 奶 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 奶菇 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 奶, 奶菇 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 奶, 奶脯 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 奶, 媽 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 奶 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 奶, 奶奶 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 奶, 奶奶, 奶牛, 奶牛牛 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 奶 |
| Jin | Linhe | 奶頭 |
| Jin | Jining | 奶 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 牛牛 |
| Jin | Baotou | 奶 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 奶 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 奶頭 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 媽媽 |
| Jin | Handan | 妹妹 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 奶, 奶脬, 奶座 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 奶奶, 奶 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 奶奶 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 奶奶 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 奶 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 奶 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 奶 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 奶 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 奶 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 奶 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 奶, 奶仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 奶, 奶仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 奶, 奶仔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 奶 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 奶仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 奶, 奶仔, 奶奶 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 奶仔 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 奶 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 奶 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 奶 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 奶 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 𢆡 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 奶頭 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 奶 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 奶, 奶奶 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 奶 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 奶奶 |
| Wu | Danyang | 奶奶 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 奶奶 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 奶奶脯, 奶脯, 奶奶 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 奶奶, 奶 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 奶, 奶窠 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 奶子, 奶, 奶唧唧 childish, 唧唧 childish |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 奶痣婆 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 奶婆 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 奶婆 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 奶婆 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 奶婆, 奶 |
* (milk):
* 乳 (rǔ) (literary, or in compounds)
* 乳汁 (rǔzhī)
* 唧唧 (ji$^4$ ji$^4$) (Xiang, childish)
* 奶唧唧 (lai$^3$ ji$^4$ ji$^4$) (Xiang, childish)
* 奶奶 (Sichuanese, childish in Cantonese, Wu, childish in Cantonese)
* 奶子 (nǎizi) (dialectal, colloquial)
* 奶水 (nǎishuǐ)
* 奶汁 (nǎizhī)

#### Compounds

* 下奶
* 二奶 (èrnǎi)
* 人奶 (rénnǎi)
* 催奶 (cuīnǎi)
* 全脂奶粉
* 吃奶 (chīnǎi)
* 吃奶勁兒／吃奶劲儿
* 吃奶氣力／吃奶气力
* 吃奶腔
* 大奶奶
* 奶公
* 奶口
* 奶名 (nǎimíng)
* 奶品 (nǎipǐn)
* 奶哥哥
* 奶嘴 (nǎizuǐ)
* 奶奶
* 奶姆
* 奶娃
* 奶娘 (nǎiniáng)
* 奶媽／奶妈 (nǎimā)
* 奶嬤嬤／奶嬷嬷
* 奶子 (nǎizi)
* 奶子府
* 奶子酒 (nǎizijiǔ)
* 奶房
* 奶捲／奶卷
* 奶昔 (nǎixī)
* 奶母 (leng-bú)
* 奶毛 (nǎimáo)
* 奶水 (nǎishuǐ)
* 奶油 (nǎiyóu)
* 奶烏他／奶乌他
* 奶爸 (nǎibà)
* 奶牙 (nǎiyá)
* 奶牛 (nǎiniú)
* 奶瓶 (nǎipíng)
* 奶白
* 奶皮 (nǎipí)
* 奶積／奶积
* 奶粉 (nǎifěn)
* 奶精 (nǎijīng)
* 奶糕
* 奶罩 (nǎizhào)
* 奶聲奶氣／奶声奶气 (nǎishēngnǎiqì)
* 奶胖
* 奶腔
* 奶腥
* 奶膀子 (nǎipāngzi)
* 奶茶 (nǎichá)
* 奶豆腐
* 奶酒 (nǎijiǔ)
* 奶酪 (nǎilào)
* 奶頭／奶头 (nǎitóu)
* 奶食
* 奶餅／奶饼
* 姑奶奶 (gūnǎinai)
* 姨奶
* 姨奶奶
* 嬰兒奶粉／婴儿奶粉
* 孫少奶奶／孙少奶奶
* 小奶奶
* 小奶狗 (xiǎonǎigǒu)
* 少奶
* 少奶奶 (shàonǎinai)
* 師奶／师奶 (shīnǎi)
* 忌奶
* 戀奶／恋奶
* 摘奶
* 斷奶／断奶 (duànnǎi)
* 洋奶
* 淡奶 (dànnǎi)
* 漾奶 (yàngnǎi)
* 牛奶 (niúnǎi)
* 牛奶柿
* 牛奶糖 (niúnǎitáng)
* 珍奶 (zhēnnǎi)
* 產奶／产奶
* 瞎奶
* 羊奶 (yángnǎi)
* 老奶奶 (lǎonǎinai)
* 肨奶 (hàng-leng)
* 脫脂奶粉／脱脂奶粉
* 舅奶奶
* 芋奶
* 花奶奶
* 親奶奶／亲奶奶
* 豆奶 (dòunǎi)
* 郎奶
* 酸奶 (suānnǎi)
* 酸奶子
* 酸牛奶 (suānniúnǎi)
* 食奶
* 飼料奶粉／饲料奶粉
* 馬奶子／马奶子
* 馬奶酒／马奶酒 (mǎnǎijiǔ)
* 鮮奶／鲜奶 (xiānnǎi)
* 鮮奶油／鲜奶油 (xiānnǎiyóu)
* 黃奶／黄奶

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): nái / nai
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nái
*** Tâi-lô: nái
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nae
*** IPA (Xiamen): /nãi⁵³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nai
*** Tâi-lô: nai
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nay
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nãi⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

奶
* (Hokkien) to behave in a coy, childish or coquettish manner; to coax; to wheedle

#### Compounds

* 使奶
* 司奶

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 奶 – see 𦧺 (“to lick; to suck up to; to brownnose”). (This character is a variant form of 𦧺).

### References

* “奶”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ない (nai)、ね (ne)
* Kan-on: だい (dai)
* Kun: ちち (chichi, 奶)、はぐくむ (hagukumu, 奶む)

## Korean
### Hanja

奶 (eumhun 젖 내 (jeot nae))
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## Vietnamese
### Han character

奶: Hán Nôm readings: nãi, nái
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