# 因緣
## Chinese

* 因緣

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yīnyuán
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣ ㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^1$ jyun$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yîn-yèn / yîn-yàn
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): in-iân
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$in-yoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīnyuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣ ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yinyuán
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^1$-yüan$^2$
*** Yale: yīn-ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: inyuan
*** Palladius: иньюань (inʹjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /in⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$因緣／因缘 姻緣／姻缘
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^1$ jyun$^4$
*** Yale: yān yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^1$ jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^1$ yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$因緣／因缘 姻緣／姻缘
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-yèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: in$^ˊ$ ien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^1$ yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /in²⁴ i̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-yàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)in$^ˊ$ (r)ian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^1$ yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴ (j)i̯an¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in-iân
*** Tâi-lô: in-iân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: in'ieen
*** IPA (Xiamen): /in⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /in³³ iɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /in⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn²³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$in-yoe
*** MiniDict: in$^平$ yoe
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$in-hhyoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in⁵⁵ ɦyø²¹/
* Middle Chinese: 'jin ywen
Rime :
| Character | 因 | 緣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 仙 (78) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於眞切 | 與專切 |
| Baxter | 'jin | ywen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔiɪn/ | /jiuᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔin/ | /jʷiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔjen/ | /juæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔin/ | /jwian/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiĕn/ | /iuɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭĕn/ | /jĭwɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ĕn/ | /i̯wɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yīn | yuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jan$^1$ | jyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔi[n] lon/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qin lon/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 因 | 緣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yīn | yuán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjin › | ‹ ywen › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔi[n]/ | /*lon/ |
| English | rely on | go along, follow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 因 | 緣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 15176 | 12527 |
| Phonetic component | 因 | 彖 |
| Rime group | 眞 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 因 | 沿 |
| Old Chinese | /*qin/ | /*lon/ |
| Notes | 甲文象人臥於茵席， 爲茵初文 | |

### Noun

因緣
* chance; opportunity
* predestined relationship; fate; destiny
* (Buddhism) hetu and prataya; principal and secondary causes
* chain of cause and effect

#### Synonyms

* (opportunity):
* 商機／商机 (shāngjī) (business opportunity)
* 契機／契机 (qìjī)
* 戰機／战机 (zhànjī) (opportunity for victory in battle)
* 時機／时机 (shíjī)
* 機會／机会 (jīhuì)
* 機遇／机遇 (jīyù)
* 火候 (huǒhòu) (figurative)
* 空子 (kòngzi) (opportunity to take advantage of)
* 空隙 (kòngxì)
* 節裉兒／节裉儿 (Xinzhou)
* 縫縫／缝缝 (fong$^4$ fong$^{4-1}$) (Sichuanese, Wu)
* 縫縫兒／缝缝儿 (fong$^4$ fongr$^{4-1}$) (Sichuanese)
* 茬口 (chákǒu) (regional)
* 遇 (yù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 際遇／际遇 (jìyù) (literary)
* (predestined relationship): (literary) 分緣／分缘 (fènyuán), 姻緣／姻缘 (yīnyuán), 緣分／缘分 (yuánfèn)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 因縁(いんねん) (innen)
* → Korean: 인연(因縁) (inyeon)
* → Vietnamese: nhân duyên (因縁)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 因 | 緣 |
| いん Grade: 5 | えん > ねん Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 因緣 – see the following entry. :
| 【因縁いんねん】 | [noun] chance; opportunity [noun] predestined relationship; fate, destiny [noun] (Buddhism) hetu and prataya, principal and secondary causes [noun] chain of cause and effect [noun] false accusation |
(This term, 因緣, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 因 | 緣 |

### Noun

因緣 • (inyeon) (hangeul 인연)
* hanja form of 인연

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 因 | 緣 |

### Noun

因緣
* chữ Hán form of nhân duyên.