# 暴行
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bàoxíng, bàoxìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ, ㄅㄠˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^6$ hang$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phau-hàng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): po̍k-hêng / pō-hêng / po̍k-hēng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bao$^6$ hêng$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bàoxíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bàosíng
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^4$-hsing$^2$
*** Yale: bàu-syíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bawshyng
*** Palladius: баосин (baosin)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bàoxìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bàosìng
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^4$-hsing$^4$
*** Yale: bàu-syìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bawshinq
*** Palladius: баосин (baosin)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^6$ hang$^6$
*** Yale: bouh hahng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^6$ hang$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^6$ heng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯²² hɐŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phau-hàng
*** Hakka Romanization System: pau hang$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pau$^4$ hang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰau̯⁵⁵ haŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k-hêng
*** Tâi-lô: po̍k-hîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pogheeng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚²⁴⁻² hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /pɔk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hiɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ²³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pō-hêng
*** Tâi-lô: pō-hîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poixheeng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /po²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /po²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ³³⁻²¹ hiɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /po³³⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k-hēng
*** Tâi-lô: po̍k-hīng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pogheng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚²⁴⁻² hiɪŋ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bao$^6$ hêng$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pău hĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /pau³⁵⁻¹¹ heŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: bawH haengH
Rime :
| Character | 暴 | 行 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 4/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 薄報切 | 下更切 |
| Baxter | bawH | haengH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɑu$^H$/ | /ɦˠæŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bɑu$^H$/ | /ɦᵚaŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bɑu$^H$/ | /ɣaŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baw$^H$/ | /ɦaɨjŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /bɑu$^H$/ | /ɣɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /bɑu$^H$/ | /ɣɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱɑu$^H$/ | /ɣɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bào | hèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bou$^6$ | hang$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤawk-s [ɡ]ˤraŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*boːwɢs ɡraːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 暴 | 行 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bào | xíng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ baw$^H$ › | ‹ hæng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ˁawk-s/ | /*[ɡ]ˁraŋ-s/ |
| English | violent | action |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 暴 | 行 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 4/4 |
| No. | 330 | 13876 |
| Phonetic component | 暴 | 行 |
| Rime group | 貌 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 暴 | 行 |
| Old Chinese | /*boːwɢs/ | /*ɡraːŋs/ |

### Noun

暴行
* savage act; atrocity; outrage
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Shì shuāi dào wēi, xiéshuō bàoxíng yǒu zuò. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 暴行(ぼうこう) (bōkō)
* → Korean: 폭행(暴行) (pokhaeng)
* → Vietnamese: bạo hành (暴行)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 暴 | 行 |
| ぼう Grade: 5 | こう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

暴(ぼう)行(こう) • (bōkō)
* Violence, outrage.
* Assault.
* (euphemistic) Rape.

#### Synonyms

* (rape): 強姦(ごうかん) (gōkan), レイプ (reipu), 婦女(ふじょ)暴行(ぼうこう) (fujo bōkō)

### Verb

暴(ぼう)行(こう)する • (bōkō suru) intransitive suru (stem 暴(ぼう)行(こう)し (bōkō shi), past 暴(ぼう)行(こう)した (bōkō shita))
* To use violence (on), to commit an outrage (on).
* To assault, to make an assault (on).
    タクシー運転手(うんてんしゅ)を暴行(ぼうこう)するという事件(じけん)
       takushī untenshu o bōkō suru to iu jiken
       an assault on a taxi driver
* (euphemistic) To rape.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 暴行し | ぼうこうし | bōkō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 暴行し | ぼうこうし | bōkō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 暴行する | ぼうこうする | bōkō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 暴行する | ぼうこうする | bōkō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 暴行すれ | ぼうこうすれ | bōkō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 暴行せよ¹ 暴行しろ² | ぼうこうせよ¹ ぼうこうしろ² | bōkō seyo¹ bōkō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 暴行される | ぼうこうされる | bōkō sareru |
| Causative | 暴行させる 暴行さす | ぼうこうさせる ぼうこうさす | bōkō saseru bōkō sasu |
| Potential | 暴行できる | ぼうこうできる | bōkō dekiru |
| Volitional | 暴行しよう | ぼうこうしよう | bōkō shiyō |
| Negative | 暴行しない | ぼうこうしない | bōkō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 暴行せず | ぼうこうせず | bōkō sezu |
| Formal | 暴行します | ぼうこうします | bōkō shimasu |
| Perfective | 暴行した | ぼうこうした | bōkō shita |
| Conjunctive | 暴行して | ぼうこうして | bōkō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 暴行すれば | ぼうこうすれば | bōkō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* (to rape): 強姦(ごうかん)する (gōkan suru), レイプする (reipu suru)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 暴 | 行 |

### Noun

暴行 • (pokhaeng) (hangeul 폭행)
* hanja form of 폭행 (“act of violence”)