OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# सँपोला
## Hindi
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit *𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧(𑀯𑁆)𑀑𑀅𑀮𑀕 (*sappa(v)oalaga), from Sanskrit सर्प (sarpá, “snake”) +‎ पोत (pota, “young one of an animal”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀮- (-la-) + -𑀓- (-ka-). Cognate with Punjabi ਸਪੋਲਾ (sapolā).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /sə̃.poː.lɑː/, [sɐ̃.poː.läː]

### Noun

सँपोला • (sãpolā) m (Urdu spelling سنپولا)
* a young snake
    Hypernym: साँप (sā̃p)

#### Alternative forms

* सपोला (sapolā)

#### Derived terms

* सपोलिया (sapoliyā)

### Further reading

* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “संपोला”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 4903
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “सँपोला”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 967
* “सँपोला”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sarpapotala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 766
# शत्रून्
## Sanskrit
### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕɐ́t.ɾuːn/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɕɐt̪.ɾuːn̪/

### Noun

शत्रून् • (śátrūn)
* masculine accusative plural of शत्रु (śátru)
# शत्रुभ्यस्
## Sanskrit
### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕɐ́t.ɾubʱ.jɐs/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɕɐt̪ˈɾubʱ.jɐs̪/

### Noun

शत्रुभ्यस् • (śátrubhyas)
* masculine dative plural of शत्रु (śátru)
* masculine ablative plural of शत्रु (śátru)
# शत्रुस्
## Sanskrit
### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕɐ́t.ɾus/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɕɐt̪.ɾus̪/

### Noun

शत्रुस् • (śátrus)
* masculine nominative singular of शत्रु (śátru, “enemy”)
# संलयन
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit संलयन (saṃlayana); equal to सम्- (sam-) +‎ लयन (layan).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /sən.lə.jən/, [sɐ̃n.lɐ.jɐ̃n]

### Noun

संलयन • (sanlayan) m
* sitting or lying down
* the act of clinging or adhering to
* fusion, fusing
    Synonym: विखंडन (vikhaṇḍan)
    नाभिकीय संलयन ― nābhikīya sanlayan ― nuclear fusion

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “संलयन”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* সংলয়ন (Assamese script)
* ᬲᬂᬮᬬᬦ (Balinese script)
* সংলয়ন (Bengali script)
* 𑰭𑰽𑰩𑰧𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀲𑀁𑀮𑀬𑀦 (Brahmi script)
* သံလယန (Burmese script)
* સંલયન (Gujarati script)
* ਸਂਲਯਨ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌸𑌂𑌲𑌯𑌨 (Grantha script)
* ꦱꦁꦭꦪꦤ (Javanese script)
* 𑂮𑂁𑂪𑂨𑂢 (Kaithi script)
* ಸಂಲಯನ (Kannada script)
* សំលយន (Khmer script)
* ສໍລຍນ (Lao script)
* സംലയന (Malayalam script)
* ᢀ᠋ᠰ᠌ᠠᠯᠠᠶᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘭𑘽𑘩𑘧𑘡 (Modi script)
* ᢀ᠋ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧍𑧞𑧉𑧇𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐳𑑄𑐮𑐫𑐣 (Newa script)
* ସଂଲଯନ (Odia script)
* ꢱꢀꢭꢫꢥ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆱𑆁𑆬𑆪𑆤 (Sharada script)
* 𑖭𑖽𑖩𑖧𑖡 (Siddham script)
* සංලයන (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪁𑪖𑩽𑩻𑩯 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚨𑚫𑚥𑚣𑚝 (Takri script)
* ஸஂலயந (Tamil script)
* సంలయన (Telugu script)
* สํลยน (Thai script)
* སཾ་ལ་ཡ་ན (Tibetan script)
* 𑒮𑓀𑒪𑒨𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨰𑨸𑨬𑨪𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From सम्- (sam-) +‎ लयन (layana).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /sɐ̃.lɐ.jɐ.nɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈs̪ɐ̃.l̪ɐ.jɐ.n̪ɐ/

### Noun

संलयन • (saṃlayana) stem, n
* sitting or lying down
* the act of clinging or adhering to
* dissolution

#### Descendants

* → Hindi: संलयन (sanlayan)

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “संलयन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1113.
# माफ़ कीजिए
## Hindi

* This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

### Alternative forms

* माफ़ करो (māf karo) — informal

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /mɑːf kiː.d͡ʒɪ.eː/, [mäːf‿kiː.d͡ʒɪ.eː], /mɑːpʰ kiː.d͡ʒɪ.eː/, [mäːpʰ‿kiː.d͡ʒɪ.eː]

### Interjection

माफ़ कीजिए • (māf kījie) (Urdu spelling مُعاف کِیجِیے)
* (formal) excuse me; (I am) sorry; forgive me (apology)
# माफ
## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مُعَاف (mu'āf), from Arabic مُعَافًى (muʕāfan).

### Adjective

माफ • (māph)
* forgiven, pardoned

#### Related terms

* माफी (māphī, “forgiveness”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “माफ”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “माफ”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “माफ”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

## Nepali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مُعَاف (mu'āf), from Arabic مُعَافًى (muʕāfan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mäɸ]
* Phonetic Devanagari: माफ्

### Noun

माफ • (māph)
* forgiveness, pardon
    माफ गर्नु ― māph garnu ― to forgive
# माफ़ी
## Hindi
### Etymology

From earlier मुआफ़ी (muāfī), borrowed from Classical Persian معافی (mu'āfī), from Arabic مُعَاف (muʕāf). Compare Nepali माफ (māph), Punjabi ਮਾਫ਼ੀ (māfī).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /mɑː.fiː/, [mäː.fiː], /mɑː.pʰiː/, [mäː.pʰiː]

### Noun

माफ़ी • (māfī) f (Urdu spelling معافی)
* forgiveness, pardon
    अब अपने पिता से माफ़ी माँग।ab apne pitā se māfī māṅg.Now go ask your father for forgiveness.

#### Derived terms

* माफ़ी माँगना (māfī māṅgnā)

#### Related terms

* माफ़ (māf)

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “माफ़ी”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
# सहायकों
## Hindi
### Noun

सहायकों • (sahāykõ) m
* oblique plural of सहायक (sahāyak)
# लिखो
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /lɪ.kʰoː/

### Verb

लिखो • (likho)
* inflection of लिखना (likhnā):
** second-person plural subjunctive
** second-person plural present imperative
# लिखेंगे
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /lɪ.kʰeːŋ.ɡeː/, [lɪ.kʰẽːŋ.ɡeː]

### Verb

लिखेंगे • (likheṅge)
* inflection of लिखना (likhnā):
** first/third-person plural masculine future indicative
** second-person formal masculine future indicative
# सन्निकट
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit संनिकट (saṃnikaṭa), from सम्- (sam-) +‎ निकट (nikaṭa, “near”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /sən.nɪ.kəʈ/, [sɐ̃n.nɪ.kɐʈ]

### Adjective

सन्निकट • (sannikaṭ) (indeclinable)
* adjacent, next to
    Synonyms: समीप (samīp), पास (pās)
    सन्निकट पड़ोसी ― sannikaṭ paṛosī ― adjacent neighbour
* approximate, rough

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “सन्निकट”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “सन्निकट”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
# हैवान
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian حیوان (haywān), from Arabic حَيَوَان (ḥayawān). Compare Punjabi ਹੈਵਾਨ (haivān).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɦɛː.ʋɑːn/, [ɦɛː.ʋä̃ːn]

### Noun

हैवान • (haivān) m (Urdu spelling حیوان)
* animal
* beast
# विंचरणे
## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘪𑘲𑘽𑘓𑘳𑘨𑘜𑘹 (vīṃcuraṇe).

### Pronunciation

* (formal) IPA: /ʋin.t͡səɾ.ɳe/
* (colloquial) IPA: /ʋin.t͡səɾ.ɳə/

### Verb

विंचरणे • (viñcarṇe) (transitive)
* to comb
    केस विंचरणे ― kes viñcarṇe ― to comb [one's] hair

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “विंचरणे”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “विंचरणें”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “विंचरणी”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
# सिलाई करना
## Hindi
### Verb

सिलाई करना • (silāī karnā) (transitive)
* to sew

#### Conjugation

$^1$The participle किये (kiye) can also be spelled without the y: किए (kie).
$^1$The participle किये (kiye) can also be spelled without the y: किए (kie). $^2$The forms कीजिये (kījiye) and कीजियेगा (kījiyegā) can also be spelled without the y: कीजिए (kījie) and कीजिएगा (kījiegā). $^3$The forms करिये (kariye) and करियेगा (kariyegā) can also be spelled without the y: करिए (karie) and करिएगा (kariegā).
# सेख्रे
## Khaling
### Noun

सेख्रे (sekhre)
* sand

### References

* “सेख्रे”, in खालिङ - नेपाली - अङ्‍ग्रेजी शब्दकोश (Khaling - Nepali - English Dictionary), Nepal: SIL International, 2016.
# वैक्सिनेशन
## Hindi
### Alternative forms

* वैक्सीनेशन (vaiksīneśan)

### Etymology

Borrowed from English vaccination.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʋɛːk.sɪ.neː.ʃən/, [ʋɛːk.sɪ.neː.ʃɐ̃n]

### Noun

वैक्सिनेशन • (vaiksineśan) m
* vaccination
    Synonym: टीकाकरण (ṭīkākraṇ)

#### Related terms

* वैक्सिनेटिड (vaiksineṭiḍ, “vaccinated”)
# वैगन
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from English wagon.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʋɛː.ɡən/, [ʋɛː.ɡɐ̃n]

### Noun

वैगन • (vaigan) m
* wagon
# অখণ্ড্য
## Bengali
### Etymology

Derived from Sanskrit अखण्ड्य (akhaṇḍya). Structurally, from Tatpuruṣa compound of অ- (o-) +‎ খণ্ড্য (khônḍô), or, by Bengali affixation of অ- (o-) +‎ খণ্ড (khônḍô) +‎ -য (-jo).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ.kʰɔn.ɖo/
* Homophone: অখণ্ড (ôkhônḍô)

### Adjective

অখণ্ড্য • (ôkhônḍô) (comparative আরও অখণ্ড্য, superlative সবচেয়ে অখণ্ড্য)
* indivisible
    Synonym: অবিভাজ্য (ôbibhajjô)
* (logic) irrefutable, undisputable, unanswerable
    Synonym: অকাট্য (ôkaṭṭô)

#### Synonyms

* অখণ্ডনীয় (ôkhônḍôniẏô)

#### Antonyms

* খণ্ডনীয় (khônḍôniẏô)
# অখন
## Bengali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ.kʰon/

### Adverb

অখন • (okhon)
* Alternative form of এখন (ekhon)

#### Derived terms

* অখন-তখন (ôkhôn-tôkhôn)
# অক্‌ফ
## Bengali
### Noun

অক্‌ফ • (okph)
* Alternative form of ওয়াকফ (ōẏakph)
# গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী
## Bengali
### Etymology

From গণ (gon) +‎ প্রজাতন্ত্রী (projatontri).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /ɡɔnopɾod͡ʒat̪ɔnt̪ɾi/, [ɡɔnopɾod͡ʒat̪ɔnt̪ːɾiˑ]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /ɡɔnopɹodʑat̪ɔnt̪ɹi/, [ɡɔnopɹodʑat̪ɔnt̪ːɹiˑ]

### Noun

গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী • (gonoprojatontri)
* people's republic

#### Derived terms

* গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ (gonoprojatontri baṅladeś)
# सीताफल
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सीताफल (sītāphala, “Sita's fruit”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /siː.t̪ɑː.pʰəl/, [siː.t̪äː.pʰɐl]

### Noun

सीताफल • (sītāphal) m (Urdu spelling سیتا پھل)
* custard apple (Annona reticulata); sugar apple
    Synonym: शरीफा (śarīphā)
# আর্তব
## Bengali
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit आर्तव (ārtava).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑɾ.t̪ɔb/
** (East Rāṛha) IPA: [ˈäɾt̪oˑb̥]

### Noun

আর্তব • (artob)
* menstruation
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:স্ত্রীরজঃ

### Adjective

আর্তব • (artob) (comparative আরও আর্তব, superlative সবচেয়ে আর্তব)
* menstrual
* seasonal
    Synonyms: মরশুমি (môrśumi), মৌসুমি (mōuśumi)

#### Related terms

* ঋতু (ritu)
# আর্মেনিয়া
## Bengali
### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /aɾmeni̯a/, [ˈaɾmeni̯aˑ]
    Audio:(file)
* (Dhaka) IPA: /aɹmeni̯a/, [ˈaɹmeni̯aˑ]

### Proper noun

আর্মেনিয়া • (armeniẏa)
* Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)
# জাঁপ
## Assamese
### Etymology

Inherited from Early Assamese ঝাম্প (jhampo), from Sanskrit ঝম্প (jhampa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zãp/

### Noun

জাঁপ • (zãp)
* jump, leap
    Synonym: লাফ (laph)
# উশাস
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* উয়াস (uẏaś), উয়া (uẏa) — Vanga

### Etymology

From Sanskrit उच्छ्वास (ucchvāsa). Cognate with Hindi उसाँस (usā̃s), Assamese উশাহ (uxah). Doublet of উচ্ছ্বাস (uccchaś), a tatsama.

### Noun

উশাস • (uśaś)
* breath, inhalation

### References

* Accessible Dictionary, “উশাস” Bengali-Bengali, Government of Bangladesh

## Early Assamese
### Etymology

From Sanskrit *উৎশ্ৱাস (utśvāsa), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱʷes- (“to pant, puff, sigh”). Related to Latin queror, Sanskrit श्वास (śvāsá). Cognate with English quarrel, Pashto ساه (sāh, “breath, blow, puff, soul, spirit, essence”), Baluchi ساہ (sáh, “breath, blow, essence”).

### Noun

উশাস (uśaso)
* breathe, inhalation, aspiration, inbreathe
    নপাৱে উশাস তেজ বহে নাকে মুখে । নমৰিল কথমপি জীল বৰ দুখে ॥nopawe uśaso tejo bohe nake mukhe , nomorilo kothomopi jīlo boro dukhe .Blood flows on the face and nose because it could not breathe, although it did not die somehow, it lived the rest of its life in pain.

#### Descendants

* Assamese: উশাহ (uxah)
# উল্কি আঁকা
## Bengali
### Verb

উল্কি আঁকা • (ulki ãka)
* to tattoo
# উল্কি
## Bengali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈulki/

### Noun

উল্কি • (ulki) (genitive উল্কির (ulkir), locative উল্কিতে (ulkite))
* tattoo

#### Derived terms

* উল্কি আঁকা (ulki ãka)
* উল্কিকরণ (ulkikôrôn)
# উৎপত্তি
## Bengali
### Etymology

From Sanskrit उत्पत्ति (utpatti).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ut̪pɔt̪ːi/

### Noun

উৎপত্তি • (utpôtti) (genitive উৎপত্তির (utpottir), locative উৎপত্তিতে (utpottite))
* origin, source
# हऊ
## Mewari
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

हऊ (haū) f
* mother-in-law
# খেলাবস্তু
## Assamese
### Etymology

From খেলা (khela, “playing”) +‎ বস্তু (bostu, “thing”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰɛ.la.bɔs.tu/

### Noun

খেলাবস্তু • (khelabostu)
* toy
    Synonym: খেলনা (khelna)
# টোপর
## Bengali
### Etymology

From Late Sanskrit टोपिका (ṭopikā), टुप्पिका (ṭuppikā). Doublet of টুপি (ṭupi).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /ʈopɔɾ/, [ˈʈopɔɾ]
    Audio:(file)
* (Dhaka) IPA: /topɔɹ/, [ˈtopɔɹ]

### Noun

টোপর • (ṭōpor)
* conical sola hat, topor

#### Declension
### References

* Subhasha Bhattacarya, Sailendra Biswas, Sailendra Biswas, and Jnanendramohana Dasa (2022) “টোপর”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Bengali Dictionaries]
# টেলিভিশন
## Bengali
### Etymology

Borrowed from English television.

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /ʈelibʱiʃon/, [ˈʈelibʱiʃon], [ˈʈeliviʃon]
    Audio:(file)
* (Dhaka) IPA: /telibʱiʃon/, [ˈtelibʱiʃon], [ˈteliviʃon]
    Audio:(file)

### Noun

টেলিভিশন • (ṭelibhiśon)
* television
# শিশ্ন
## Bengali
### Etymology

From Sanskrit शिश्न (śiśna).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /ʃiʃno/, [ˈʃiʃnoˑ]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /ʃiʃno/, [ˈʃiʃnoˑ]
    Audio:(file)

### Noun

শিশ্ন • (śiśno) (objective শিশ্ন (śiśno) or শিশ্নকে (śiśnoke), genitive শিশ্নের (śiśner), locative শিশ্নে (śiśne))
* (anatomy) penis
    Synonyms: লিঙ্গ (linggô), পুরুষাঙ্গ (purushanggô), পেনিস (peniś), (slang) ধন (dhon), (slang) নুনু (nunu), (slang) বাড়া (bāṛā), (slang) ডান্ডা (ḍanḍa)
# শিষ্য
## Bengali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit শিষ্য (śiṣya). Compare Hindi शिष्य (śiṣya), Urdu ششیہ.

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ʃiʃ.ʃo/

### Noun

শিষ্য • (śiśśô) (feminine শিষ্যা (śiśśa))
* disciple, pupil, follower

#### Derived terms

* শিষ্যত্ব (śiśśôttô)
# हिमानिकी
## Hindi
### Etymology

हिमान (himān) +‎ -इकी (-ikī)

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɦɪ.mɑː.nɪ.kiː/, [ɦɪ.mäː.nɪ.kiː]

### Noun

हिमानिकी • (himānikī) m
* glaciology
# পৌঁছা
## Bengali
### Etymology

H-dropped form of Middle Bengali পহুঁছা (pohũcha), inherited from Prakrit 𑀧𑀳𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀇 (pahuccaï); see there for more. Doublet of পহু (pohu) and প্রভু (probhu).
Cognate with Odia ପହୁଞ୍ଚିବା (pahuñcibā), Maithili पहुँचब (pahũcab), Bhojpuri पहुँचल (pahũcal), चहुँपल (cahũpal), Nepali पहुँच्नु (pahũcnu), पौँच्नु (pa͠ucnu), Gujarati પહોંચવું (pahoñcvũ), Malvi पोंचणो (põcṇo), Hindustani पहुँचना (pahũcnā) / پَہُن٘چْنَا (pahũcnā), Punjabi ਪਹੁੰਚਣਾ (pahuñcṇā), Marathi पोचणे (pocṇe).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /poũt͡ʃʰa/, [ˈpoũt͡ʃʰaˑ]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /pou̯tɕʰa/, [ˈpou̯tɕʰaˑ]

### Verb

পৌঁছা • (pōũcha)
* to reach, arrive at

#### Derived terms

* পৌঁছানো (pōũchanō)

### References

* Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1926) The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language‎, volume 1, Calcutta: Calcutta University Press, page 473
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “prábhūta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# পোহৰোৱা
## Assamese
### Etymology

* Assamese verb set
* পোহৰোৱা (pühorüa)
* পোহৰোওৱা (pühorüüa)
From পোহৰ (pühor, “light”) +‎ -ওৱা (-üa, “verbal suffix”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʊ.ɦɔ.ɹʊa/

### Adjective

পোহৰোৱা • (pühorüa)
* lighted

### Verb

পোহৰোৱা • (pühorüa) (transitive)
* to light, brighten
# спотыкавшись
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [spətɨˈkafʂɨsʲ]

### Participle

спотыка́вшись • (spotykávšisʹ)
* past adverbial imperfective participle of спотыка́ться (spotykátʹsja)
# спотыкаешься
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [spətɨˈka(j)ɪʂsʲə]

### Verb

спотыка́ешься • (spotykáješʹsja)
* second-person singular present indicative imperfective of спотыка́ться (spotykátʹsja)
# спотыкалась
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [spətɨˈkaɫəsʲ]

### Verb

спотыка́лась • (spotykálasʹ)
* feminine singular past indicative imperfective of спотыка́ться (spotykátʹsja)
# сравниваете
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsravnʲɪvə(j)ɪtʲe]

### Verb

сра́вниваете • (srávnivajete)
* second-person plural present indicative imperfective of сра́внивать (srávnivatʹ)
# сплотил
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [spɫɐˈtʲiɫ]

### Verb

сплоти́л • (splotíl)
* masculine singular past indicative perfective of сплоти́ть (splotítʹ)
# сплотивши
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [spɫɐˈtʲifʂɨ]

### Participle

сплоти́вши • (splotívši)
* past adverbial perfective participle of сплоти́ть (splotítʹ)
# спрессую
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sprʲɪˈsujʊ]

### Verb

спрессу́ю • (spressúju)
* first-person singular future indicative perfective of спрессова́ть (spressovátʹ)
# среброљубац
## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

среброљу́бац m (Latin spelling srebroljúbac)
* miser
# сприяє
## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [spreˈjaje]

### Verb

сприя́є • (spryjáje)
* third-person singular present indicative of сприя́ти impf (spryjáty)
# срабатываю
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [srɐˈbatɨvəjʊ]

### Verb

сраба́тываю • (srabátyvaju)
* first-person singular present indicative imperfective of сраба́тывать (srabátyvatʹ)
# срабатывания
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [srɐˈbatɨvənʲɪjə]

### Noun

сраба́тывания • (srabátyvanija) n inan or n inan pl
* inflection of сраба́тывание (srabátyvanije):
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative plural
# средства массовой информации
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsrʲet͡stvə ˈmasːəvəj ɪnfɐrˈmat͡sɨɪ]

### Noun

сре́дства ма́ссовой информа́ции • (srédstva mássovoj informácii) n inan pl (genitive сре́дств ма́ссовой информа́ции, plural only)
* mass media (public communication that reaches a large audience)
    Synonyms: СМИ (SMI), масс-ме́диа (mass-média)
# соусницу
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsoʊsʲnʲɪt͡sʊ]

### Noun

со́усницу • (sóusnicu) f inan
* accusative singular of со́усница (sóusnica)
# соуть
## Old Church Slavonic
### Verb

соуть • (sutĭ)
* Alternative form of сѫтъ (sǫtŭ)

## Old Novgorodian
### Alternative forms

* су (su) (year 1405±25)

### Etymology

First attested as соуть (sutĭ) in year 1178±22. From Proto-Slavic *sǫtь.

### Verb

соуть • (sutĭ)
* third-person plural present of бꙑти (byti)

### References

* ↑ “letter no. 19”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus]‎ (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2024

### Further reading

* Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎ (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN, page 715
* “letter no. 657”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus]‎ (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2024
# ссакам
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsːakəm]

### Noun

сса́кам • (ssákam) f inan pl
* dative plural of сса́ка (ssáka)
# спадается
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [spɐˈda(j)ɪt͡sə]

### Verb

спада́ется • (spadájetsja)
* third-person singular present indicative imperfective of спада́ться (spadátʹsja)
# спадавшись
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [spɐˈdafʂɨsʲ]

### Participle

спада́вшись • (spadávšisʹ)
* past adverbial imperfective participle of спада́ться (spadátʹsja)
# ссыкунам
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sːɨkʊˈnam]

### Noun

ссыкуна́м • (ssykunám) m anim pl
* dative plural of ссыку́н (ssykún)
# стольным градом
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈstolʲnɨm ˈɡradəm]

### Noun

сто́льным гра́дом • (stólʹnym grádom) m inan
* instrumental singular of сто́льный гра́д (stólʹnyj grád)
# ссутулившийся
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sːʊˈtulʲɪfʂɨjsʲə]

### Participle

ссуту́лившийся • (ssutúlivšijsja)
* past active perfective participle of ссуту́литься (ssutúlitʹsja)
# списывая
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈspʲisɨvəjə]

### Participle

спи́сывая • (spísyvaja)
* present adverbial imperfective participle of спи́сывать (spísyvatʹ)
# списывание
## Russian
### Etymology

спи́сывать (spísyvatʹ) +‎ -а́ние (-ánije, verbal abstract noun suffix)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈspʲisɨvənʲɪje]
* Rhymes: -anʲɪje

### Noun

спи́сывание • (spísyvanije) n inan (genitive спи́сывания, nominative plural спи́сывания, genitive plural спи́сываний)
* plagiarising, cheating (in a test or exam)
* writing off, write-off
* decommissioning
# списывала
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈspʲisɨvəɫə]

### Verb

спи́сывала • (spísyvala)
* feminine singular past indicative imperfective of спи́сывать (spísyvatʹ)
# стригольниками
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [strʲɪˈɡolʲnʲɪkəmʲɪ]

### Noun

стриго́льниками • (strigólʹnikami) m anim pl
* instrumental plural of стриго́льник (strigólʹnik)
# сталей
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈstalʲɪj]

### Noun

ста́лей • (stálej) f inan pl
* genitive plural of сталь (stalʹ)
# сталевары
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [stəlʲɪˈvarɨ]

### Noun

сталева́ры • (staleváry) m anim pl
* nominative plural of сталева́р (stalevár)
# сподоблялся
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [spədɐˈblʲaɫs⁽ʲ⁾ə]

### Verb

сподобля́лся • (spodobljálsja)
* masculine singular past indicative imperfective of сподобля́ться (spodobljátʹsja)
# сподобляло
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [spədɐˈblʲaɫə]

### Verb

сподобля́ло • (spodobljálo)
* neuter singular past indicative imperfective of сподобля́ть (spodobljátʹ)
# старобългарски
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

By surface analysis, стар (star, “old”) +‎ български (bǎlgarski, “Bulgarian”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [stɐroˈbɤɫɡɐrski]
* Hyphenation: ста‧ро‧бъл‧гар‧ски

### Adjective

старобъ́лгарски • (starobǎ́lgarski)
* Old Bulgarian, Old Church Slavonic

#### Declension
### Proper noun

старобъ́лгарски • (starobǎ́lgarski)
* Old Bulgarian, Old Church Slavonic language
    Synonym: старобъ́лгарски ези́к (starobǎ́lgarski ezík)
# старовере
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [stərɐˈvʲerʲe]

### Noun

старове́ре • (starovére) m anim
* prepositional singular of старове́р (starovér)
# стадий
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic стадии (stadii, “stade”), borrowed from Byzantine Greek στάδιος (stádios, “measure of length”), a substantivation of Ancient Greek στάδιος (stádios, “firm, fixed”). Cognate with Latin stadium whence the recent doublet стадио́н (stadión, “stadium”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈstadij]

### Noun

ста́дий • (stádij) m
* (historical) stade (unit of length approximately equal to 180 m)
* stage, phase
    Synonyms: ета́п (etáp), фа́за (fáza)

#### Related terms

* Borrowed:
** стадио́н (stadión, “stadium”)
** ста́нция (stáncija, “station”)
* Inherited:
** сто́йка (stójka, “posture, stature”)
** ста́ва (stáva, “joint”)
** съста́в (sǎstáv, “composition”)
** стан (stan, “loom; state, camp”)

### References

* “стадий”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “стадий”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
* стадии in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"

## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈstadʲɪj]

### Noun

ста́дий • (stádij) f inan pl
* genitive plural of ста́дия (stádija)
# стадионами
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [stədʲɪˈonəmʲɪ]

### Noun

стадио́нами • (stadiónami) m inan pl
* instrumental plural of стадио́н (stadión)