# 山水
## Chinese
### Etymology

(Senses 1 and 2) dvandva of 山 (shān, “mountain”) + 水 (shuǐ, “water”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shānshuǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ ㄕㄨㄟˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saan$^1$ seoi$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sân-súi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): san-súi / soaⁿ-chúi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): suan$^1$ zui$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shānshuǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄕㄨㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shanshuěi
*** Wade–Giles: shan$^1$-shui$^3$
*** Yale: shān-shwěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanshoei
*** Palladius: шаньшуй (šanʹšuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saan$^1$ seoi$^2$
*** Yale: sāan séui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saan$^1$ soey$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: san$^1$ sêu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːn⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân-súi
*** Hakka Romanization System: san$^ˊ$ sui$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: san$^1$ sui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /san²⁴ su̯i³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: san-súi
*** Tâi-lô: san-suí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sansuie
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /san³³ sui⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /san⁴⁴⁻²² sui⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /san⁴⁴⁻³³ sui⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /san⁴⁴⁻³³ sui⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-chúi
*** Tâi-lô: suann-tsuí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svoazuie
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sui⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: suan$^1$ zui$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ tsúi
*** Sinological IPA : /sũã³³⁻²³ t͡sui⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: srean sywijX
Rime :
| Character | 山 | 水 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 山 (73) | 脂 (18) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 所閒切 | 式軌切 |
| Baxter | srean | sywijX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠɛn/ | /ɕˠiuɪ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚæn/ | /ɕʷᵚi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃæn/ | /ɕiuɪ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂəɨn/ | /ɕjwi$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃɛn/ | /ɕjui$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃæn/ | /ɕwi$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʂăn/ | /ɕwi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shān | shuǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | saan$^1$ | seoi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ŋrar s.turʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sreːn qʰʷljilʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 山 | 水 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shān | shuǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ srɛn › | ‹ sywij$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-ŋrar/ | /*s.turʔ/ (E dialect: *-r > *-j) |
| English | mountain, hill | water; river |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 山 | 水 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11052 | 11948 |
| Phonetic component | 山 | 水 |
| Rime group | 元 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 山 | 水 |
| Old Chinese | /*sreːn/ | /*qʰʷljilʔ/ |

### Noun

山水
* (literally) mountains and water bodies
* (figuratively) scenery; landscape; view
* water from a mountain
* (art, painting) Short for 山水畫／山水画 (shānshuǐhuà, “Chinese landscape painting”).

#### Synonyms

* (landscape):
* 光景 (guāngjǐng)
* 勝景／胜景 (shèngjǐng) (wonderful scenery)
* 勝概／胜概 (shènggài) (beautiful scenery, literary)
* 山川 (shānchuān) (figurative)
* 春景 (chūnjǐng) (spring scenery)
* 春色 (chūnsè) (spring scenery)
* 景物 (jǐngwù)
* 景致 (jǐngzhì)
* 景色 (jǐngsè)
* 景觀／景观 (jǐngguān)
* 景象 (jǐngxiàng) (literary)
* 氣象／气象 (qìxiàng) (literary)
* 秀色 (xiùsè) (beautiful scenery)
* 秋景 (qiūjǐng) (autumn scenery)
* 秋色 (qiūsè) (autumn scenery)
* 美景 (měijǐng) (beautiful scenery)
* 花月 (huāyuè) (literary)
* 雨景 (yǔjǐng) (rainy scene)
* 風光／风光
* 風景／风景 (fēngjǐng)
* 風物／风物 (fēngwù)
* 風貌／风貌 (fēngmào)

#### Derived terms

* 山水園／山水园 (shānshuǐyuán)
* 山水畫／山水画 (shānshuǐhuà)
* 潑墨山水／泼墨山水
* 破墨山水
* 金碧山水
* 青綠山水／青绿山水 (qīnglǜ shānshuǐ)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 山水(さんすい) (sansui)
* → Korean: 산수(山水) (sansu)
* → Vietnamese: sơn thuỷ (山水)

#### See also

* 江山 (jiāngshān)
* 山河 (shānhé)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 山 | 水 |
| さん Grade: 1 | すい Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さんすい [sáꜜǹsùì] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) さんすい [sàńsúí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sã̠ɰ̃sɨi]

### Noun

山(さん)水(すい) • (sansui)
* landscape; hills and rivers

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 山 | 水 |

### Noun

山水 • (sansu) (hangeul 산수)
* hanja form of 산수

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 山 | 水 |

### Noun

山水
* chữ Hán form of sơn thuỷ (“landscape”).