# 燮

| 燮 | U+71EE, &#29166; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71EE |
| ← 燭 [U+71ED] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 燯 → [U+71EF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

燮 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 火火水 (FFE), four-corner 9940$_7$, composition ⿱⿲火言火又)

#### Derived characters

* 㦪 㰔 𤫉 躞 㽊 𠑄 𡄕 𢹒 𪱓 𪸂 𥍆 𧕊 𩎃 𩙜

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 685, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19481
* Dae Jaweon: page 1098, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 402, character 12
* Unihan data for U+71EE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 燮 | *seːb |
| 躞 | *seːb |
In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : a hand (又) holding an object (?) among three or more fires (火). Meaning and significance uncertain.
Various hypotheses exist: possibly poking at firewood, holding a tool inside flames, lighting fires with a torch, etc.
Later, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 (“hand”) + 辛 (“tool”) + 炏 (“fire”). In the small seal script, the 辛 component came to be written 言, giving rise to the modern form.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiè (xie$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sit$^3$ / sip$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siè
*** Wade–Giles: hsieh$^4$
*** Yale: syè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shieh
*** Palladius: се (se)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sit$^3$ / sip$^3$
*** Yale: sit / sip
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sit$^8$ / sip$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xid$^3$ / xib$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːt̚³/, /siːp̚³/
* Middle Chinese: sep
Rime :
| Character | 燮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 怗 (158) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 蘇協切 |
| Baxter | sep |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sep̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sep̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɛp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɛp̚/ |
| Li Rong | /sep̚/ |
| Wang Li | /siep̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /siep̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xie |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sip$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.qʰˤ(r)ip/
    (Zhengzhang): /*seːb/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 燮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sep › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.qʰˁ(r)ip/ |
| English | harmonious |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 燮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13797 |
| Phonetic component | 燮 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 燮 |
| Old Chinese | /*seːb/ |

### Definitions

燮
* (literary) to harmonize; to mediate; to bring together
* (literary) harmonious; amiable
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 燮友
* 燮和
* 燮和之任
* 燮燮
* 燮理陰陽／燮理阴阳
* 燮調／燮调
* 疊燮／叠燮 (diéxiè)
* 貼燮／贴燮

### References

* “燮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* moderate
* alleviate
* boil over low heat

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* Kun: やわらげる (yawarageru, 燮らげる)

## Korean
### Hanja

燮 (eumhun 불꽃 섭 (bulkkot seop))
* harmonize, blend
* adjust