# 仰之彌高
## Chinese

| | | look up | 's; him/her/it; this | full; to fill | high; tall |
| trad. (仰之彌高) | trad. (仰之彌高) | 仰 | 之 | 彌 | 高 |
| simp. (仰之弥高) | simp. (仰之弥高) | 仰 | 之 | 弥 | 高 |
| Literally: “the more looked up at, the higher it seems”. ||||||

### Etymology

From the Analects, Book 9 (《論語·子罕》):
    顏淵喟然歎曰「仰之彌高，鑽之彌堅，瞻之在前，忽焉在後！…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]颜渊喟然叹曰「仰之弥高，钻之弥坚，瞻之在前，忽焉在后！…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's versionYán Yuān kuìrán tàn yuē “yǎng zhī mí gāo, zuān zhī mí jiān, zhān zhī zài qián, hū yān zài hòu!...... [Pinyin]Yan Yuan, in admiration of the Master's doctrines, sighed and said, "I looked up to them, and they seemed to become more high; I tried to penetrate them, and they seemed to become more firm; I looked at them before me, and suddenly they seemed to be behind.…

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǎngzhīmígāo
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˇ ㄓ ㄇㄧˊ ㄍㄠ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎngzhīmígāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˇ ㄓ ㄇㄧˊ ㄍㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎngjhihmígao
*** Wade–Giles: yang$^3$-chih$^1$-mi$^2$-kao$^1$
*** Yale: yǎng-jr̄-mí-gāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeangjymigau
*** Palladius: янчжимигао (jančžimigao)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ mi³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: ngjangX tsyi mjie kaw
Rime :
| Character | 仰 | 之 | 彌 | 高 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 章 (23) | 明 (4) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 之 (19) | 支 (11) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | I |
| Fanqie | 魚兩切 | 止而切 | 武移切 | 古勞切 |
| Baxter | ngjangX | tsyi | mjie | kaw |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɨɐŋ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕɨ/ | /miᴇ/ | /kɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋiɐŋ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕɨ/ | /miɛ/ | /kɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiɑŋ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕie/ | /mjɛ/ | /kɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋɨaŋ$^X$/ | /cɨ/ | /miə̆/ | /kaw/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiaŋ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕiə/ | /mie/ | /kɑu/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭaŋ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕĭə/ | /mǐe/ | /kɑu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ŋi̯aŋ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕi/ | /mie̯/ | /kɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǎng | zhī | mí | gāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | joeng$^5$ | zi$^1$ | mei$^4$ | gou$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋaŋʔ tə m-nə[r] Cə.[k]ˤaw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaŋʔ tjɯ mnel kaːw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 仰 | 之 | 彌 | 高 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǎng | zhī | mí | gāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjang$^X$ › | ‹ tsyi › | ‹ mjie › | ‹ kaw › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.ŋaŋʔ/ | /*tə/ | /*m-nə[r]/ | /*Cə.[k]ˁaw/ |
| English | lift the face, look up | (3p object pronoun; attributive particle) | to complete | high, tall |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 仰 | 之 | 彌 | 高 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 31 | 17188 | 2808 | 3726 |
| Phonetic component | 卬 | 之 | 爾 | 高 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 之 | 歌 | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 仰 | 之 | 彌 | 髙 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋaŋʔ/ | /*tjɯ/ | /*mnel/ | /*kaːw/ |

### Idiom

仰之彌高
* to hold in high esteem