# 勤勞
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qínláo
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄌㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kan$^4$ lou$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khûn-lô / khûn-lô͘ / khîn-lô
    (Teochew, Peng'im): keng$^5$ lao$^5$
* Wu (Suzhou, Wugniu): $^2$jin-lau$_2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qínláo
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄌㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cínláo
*** Wade–Giles: chʻin$^2$-lao$^2$
*** Yale: chín-láu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chynlau
*** Palladius: циньлао (cinʹlao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin³⁵ lɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kan$^4$ lou$^4$
*** Yale: kàhn lòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kan$^4$ lou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ken$^4$ lou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐn²¹ lou̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khûn-lô
*** Tâi-lô: khûn-lô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qunlooi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun²³⁻³³ lɤ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khûn-lô͘
*** Tâi-lô: khûn-lôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qunloo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun²⁴⁻²² lɔ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîn-lô
*** Tâi-lô: khîn-lô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qinlooi
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰin¹³⁻²² lo¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: keng$^5$ lao$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̂ng lâu
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɯŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lau⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$jin-lau$_2$
*** MiniDict: jin$^平$ lau$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /d͡ʑin²² læ³³/

### Adjective

勤勞
* hardworking; diligent; industrious

#### Synonyms

* 下力 (xiàlì) (Muping Mandarin)
* 亹亹 (wěiwěi) (literary)
* 刻苦 (kèkǔ)
* 力落 (lag$^8$ loh$^8$) (Teochew)
* 努力 (nǔlì)
* 勤力 (qínlì) (literary or Cantonese)
* 勤勉 (qínmiǎn)
* 勤奮／勤奋 (qínfèn)
* 勤快 (qínkuài) (informal)
* 勤懇／勤恳 (qínkěn) (diligent and conscientious)
* 勤謹／勤谨 (Dungan)
* 堅苦／坚苦 (jiānkǔ) (hardworking and persevering)
* 巴劫 (bājié) (literary)
* 巴巴結結／巴巴结结 (bāba-jiējiē) (regional)
* 急計／急计 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 用功 (yònggōng)
* 發狠／发狠 (fa$^3$ hen$^6$) (Xiang)
* 耐勞／耐劳 (nàiláo)
* 骨力 (Hokkien, Puxian Min)

#### Antonyms

* 懶惰／懒惰 (lǎnduò)

#### Related terms

* 辛苦 (xīnkǔ)
* 辛勤 (xīnqín)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 勤 | 勞 |
| きん Grade: 6 | ろう Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

勤(きん)勞(ろう) • (kinrō)
* labor

### Verb

勤(きん)勞(ろう)する • (kinrō suru) suru (stem 勤(きん)勞(ろう)し (kinrō shi), past 勤(きん)勞(ろう)した (kinrō shita))
* to labor, to work

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 勤勞し | きんろうし | kinrō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 勤勞し | きんろうし | kinrō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 勤勞する | きんろうする | kinrō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 勤勞する | きんろうする | kinrō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 勤勞すれ | きんろうすれ | kinrō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 勤勞せよ¹ 勤勞しろ² | きんろうせよ¹ きんろうしろ² | kinrō seyo¹ kinrō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 勤勞される | きんろうされる | kinrō sareru |
| Causative | 勤勞させる 勤勞さす | きんろうさせる きんろうさす | kinrō saseru kinrō sasu |
| Potential | 勤勞できる | きんろうできる | kinrō dekiru |
| Volitional | 勤勞しよう | きんろうしよう | kinrō shiyō |
| Negative | 勤勞しない | きんろうしない | kinrō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 勤勞せず | きんろうせず | kinrō sezu |
| Formal | 勤勞します | きんろうします | kinrō shimasu |
| Perfective | 勤勞した | きんろうした | kinrō shita |
| Conjunctive | 勤勞して | きんろうして | kinrō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 勤勞すれば | きんろうすれば | kinrō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 勤 | 勞 |

### Noun

勤勞 • (geullo) (hangeul 근로)
* hanja form of 근로 (“labor”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 勤 | 勞 |

### Noun

勤勞
* chữ Hán form of cần lao (“labor”).