# 揚州
## Chinese

* 揚州 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 揚州 (Cantonese)
* 揚州 (Classical)
* Iông-chiu-chhī (Southern Min)
* Iòng-ciŭ (Eastern Min)
* 扬州市 (Wu)

### Etymology

From the area of 揚州 recorded as one of the Nine Provinces 九州 (Jiǔzhōu) of Yu the Great 大禹 (Dà Yǔ) in the "Tribute of Yu" 禹贡 (Yǔ Gòng) section of the Book of Xia 夏書／夏书 (Xià Shū) in the Book of Documents 書經／书经 (shūjīng)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Yángzhōu
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄡ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng$^4$ zau$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Yòng-chû
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yong$^2$ zu$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ion$^1$ zou$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Iòng-ciŭ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Iông-chiu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iang$^5$ ziu$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yan-tseu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Yángzhōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Yángjhou
*** Wade–Giles: Yang$^2$-chou$^1$
*** Yale: Yáng-jōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yangjou
*** Palladius: Янчжоу (Jančžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joeng$^4$ zau$^1$
*** Yale: yèuhng jāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joeng$^4$ dzau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêng$^4$ zeo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Yòng-chû
*** Hakka Romanization System: iong$^ˇ$ zu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yong$^2$ zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯oŋ¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Yòng-chû
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iong$^ˇ$ zu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yong$^2$ zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯oŋ¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yong$^2$ zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /iɔŋ¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ion$^1$ zou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /iɒ̃¹¹ t͡səu¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Iòng-ciŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /yoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒieu⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Iông-chiu
*** Tâi-lô: Iông-tsiu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iongciw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iang$^5$ ziu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iâng tsiu
*** Sinological IPA : /iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yan-tseu
*** MiniDict: yan$^去$ tseu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhian-tseu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiã²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: yang tsyuw
Rime :
| Character | 揚 | 州 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 與章切 | 職流切 |
| Baxter | yang | tsyuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨɐŋ/ | /t͡ɕɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɐŋ/ | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iɑŋ/ | /t͡ɕiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jɨaŋ/ | /cuw/ |
| Li Rong | /iaŋ/ | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭaŋ/ | /t͡ɕĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯aŋ/ | /t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yáng | zhōu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | joeng$^4$ | zau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*laŋ tu/
    (Zhengzhang): /*laŋ tju/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 揚 | 州 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yáng | zhōu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yang › | ‹ tsyuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*laŋ/ | /*tu/ |
| English | raise | islet in stream; province |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 揚 | 州 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14592 | 17493 |
| Phonetic component | 昜 | 州 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 陽 | 周 |
| Old Chinese | /*laŋ/ | /*tju/ |
| Notes | 金文象人雙手舉玉加昜聲 | |

### Proper noun

揚州
* (～市) Yangzhou (a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu, in eastern China)
* (historical) Yangzhou (an ancient province, one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China)

#### Synonyms

* 邗城 (Hánchéng), 廣陵／广陵 (Guǎnglíng), 江都 (Jiāngdū), 邗州 (historical), 蕪城／芜城 (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 保揚河／保扬河 (Bǎoyáng Hé)
* 十年一覺揚州夢／十年一觉扬州梦
* 揚州八怪／扬州八怪
* 揚州十日／扬州十日 (Yángzhōu-shírì)
* 揚州夢／扬州梦
* 揚州彈詞／扬州弹词
* 揚州清曲／扬州清曲
* 揚州炒飯／扬州炒饭 (Yángzhōu chǎofàn)
* 揚州評話／扬州评话
* 揚州鶴／扬州鹤
* 淮揚／淮扬 (Huáiyáng)
* 騎鶴揚州／骑鹤扬州

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 揚(よう)州(しゅう) (Yōshū)
* → Vietnamese: Dương Châu (揚州)
* → English: Yang-chou, Yangchow, Yangzhou

#### See also

* 九州 (Jiǔzhōu)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 揚 | 州 |
| よう Grade: S | しゅう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Proper noun

揚(よう)州(しゅう) • (Yōshū)
* Yangzhou (a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu, in eastern China)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 揚 | 州 |

### Proper noun

揚州
* chữ Hán form of Dương Châu (“Yangzhou”).