# 驂

| 驂 | U+9A42, &#39490; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9A42 |
| ← 驁 [U+9A41] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 驃 → [U+9A43] |

## Translingual
### Han character

驂 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+11, 21 strokes, cangjie input 尸火戈戈竹 (SFIIH), four-corner 7332$_2$, composition ⿰馬參)
* the two flanking horses of a charioteer's team

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1444, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44965
* Dae Jaweon: page 1968, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4575, character 18
* Unihan data for U+9A42

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 驂 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 篸 | *ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːms |
| 參 | *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum |
| 驂 | *sʰluːm |
| 傪 | *sʰluːm, *sʰluːmʔ |
| 慘 | *sʰluːmʔ |
| 黲 | *sʰluːmʔ, *sʰloːmʔ |
| 謲 | *sʰluːms |
| 毿 | *sluːm |
| 蔘 | *sluːm, *srum |
| 犙 | *sluːm, *sru, *srɯu |
| 糝 | *sluːmʔ |
| 槮 | *sluːmʔ, *sʰrum, *srum, *srumʔ |
| 鬖 | *sloːm |
| 摻 | *sruːm, *sruːmʔ |
| 醦 | *sruːmʔ, *sʰrumʔ |
| 縿 | *sroːm |
| 穇 | *sroːm |
| 嵾 | *sʰrum |
| 磣 | *sʰrumʔ |
| 墋 | *sʰrumʔ |
| 曑 | *srum |
| 瘮 | *srumʔ |
| 滲 | *srums |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cān (can$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caam$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cān
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: can
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻan$^1$
*** Yale: tsān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsan
*** Palladius: цань (canʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caam$^1$
*** Yale: chāam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːm⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tshom
Rime :
| Character | 驂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 倉含切 |
| Baxter | tshom |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰʌm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰəm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɒm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰəm/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰᴀm/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɒm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰăm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-sˤrum/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰluːm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 驂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshom › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-sˁrum/ (should be *s.r̥ˁum) |
| English | team of three horses |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 驂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1082 |
| Phonetic component | 參 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 參 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰluːm/ |

### Definitions

驂
* (literary) two flanking horses of a charioteer's team
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Shū yú tián, chéng chéng bǎo, liǎng fú qí shǒu, liǎng cān rú shǒu. [Pinyin]
    Shu has gone hunting, mounted in his chariot with four grey horses. His two insides have their heads in a line, and the two outsides come after like arms.
* (literary, generally) horse
    From: Poem by Kim Byeong'yeon (金炳淵), 1800s
    Pagyeong il jil song bunmyeong, gaek ju jeong cham hor yujeong. [Sino-Korean]
    Clear is her recitation of a volume of the Odes; the traveler halts his horse on the road, for suddenly his heart is moved.

#### Compounds

* 停驂／停骖
* 咫角驂駒／咫角骖驹
* 篠驂／筱骖
* 解驂推食／解骖推食
* 驂乘／骖乘
* 驂靳／骖靳

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: そん (son)
* Kan-on: さん (san)
* Kun: そえうま (soeuma)

## Korean
### Hanja

驂 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.