# 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *biwindaną; cognate with Old English bewindan and Dutch bewinden. By surface analysis, 𐌱𐌹- (bi-) +‎ *𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (*windan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /biˈwindan/

### Verb

𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 • (biwindan)
* to wrap
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Matthew 27:59:
    𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺 𐌹𐍉𐍃𐌴𐍆 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌹𐍄𐌰 𐍃𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰jah nimands þata leik iōsēf biwand ita sabana hrainjammaAnd when Joseph had taken the body, he wrapped it in a clean linen cloth (KJV)
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 15:46:
    𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐍄𐌰 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰, 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 𐌿𐍃 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽 𐌳𐌿 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 𐌸𐌹𐍃 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃.jah usbugjands lein jah usnimands ita biwand þamma leina jah galagida ita in hlaiwa, þatei was gadraban us staina, jah atwalwida stain du daura þis hlaiwis.And he bought fine linen, and took him down, and wrapped him in the linen, and laid him in a sepulchre which was hewn out of a rock, and rolled a stone unto the door of the sepulchre. (KJV)
* (specifically) to swaddle, wrap in swaddling clothes
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 2:7:
    𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐍂 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌿𐌶𐌴𐍄𐌹𐌽, 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴 𐌽𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌹𐌼 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌳𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰.jah gabar sunu seinana þana frumabaur jah biwand ina jah galagida ina in uzētin, untē ni was im rumis in stada þamma.And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn. (KJV)
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 2:12:
    𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌽𐍃: 𐌱𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌳 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳 𐌹𐌽 𐌿𐌶𐌴𐍄𐌹𐌽.jah þata izwis taikns: bigitid barn biwundan jah galagid in uzētin.And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger. (KJV)

#### Conjugation

Class 3 strong :
| Infinitive | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 biwindan | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 biwindan | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 biwindan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰 biwinda | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳 biwand | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌰 biwindada |
| 2nd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃 biwindis | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄 biwanst | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌶𐌰 biwindaza |
| 3rd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌸 biwindiþ | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳 biwand | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌰 biwindada |
| 1st dual | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍉𐍃 biwindōs | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿 biwundu | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍄𐍃 biwindats | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 biwunduts | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 biwindam | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌼 biwundum | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 biwindanda |
| 2nd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌸 biwindiþ | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌸 biwunduþ | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 biwindanda |
| 3rd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳 biwindand | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌽 biwundun | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 biwindanda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindau | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 biwundjau | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindaidau |
| 2nd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐍃 biwindais | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 biwundeis | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 biwindaizau |
| 3rd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹 biwindai | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹 biwundi | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindaidau |
| 1st dual | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 biwindaiwa | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 biwundeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 biwindaits | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 biwundeits | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 biwindaima | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 biwundeima | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindaindau |
| 2nd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌸 biwindaiþ | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 biwundeiþ | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindaindau |
| 3rd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 biwindaina | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 biwundeina | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳 biwind | | |
| 3rd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindadau | | |
| 2nd dual | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍄𐍃 biwindats | | |
| 2nd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌸 biwindiþ | | |
| 3rd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwindandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 biwindands | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 biwundans | |

### Further reading

* Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 175