# 食堂
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shítáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄊㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sik$^6$ tong$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍t-thòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): si̍t-tn̂g
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sig$^8$ deng$^5$ / ziah$^8$ deng$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^8$zeq-daon$_6$ / $^8$zeq-daon$_2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shítáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄊㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shíhtáng
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^2$-tʻang$^2$
*** Yale: shŕ-táng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrtarng
*** Palladius: шитан (šitan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$食堂 食糖
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sik$^6$ tong$^4$
*** Yale: sihk tòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sik$^9$ tong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xig$^6$ tong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪk̚² tʰɔːŋ²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$食堂 食糖
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍t-thòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: siid tong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sid$^6$ tong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚⁵ tʰoŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t-tn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: si̍t-tn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sidd'ngg
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sit̚⁴⁻³² tŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚²⁴⁻² tŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tŋ̍¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sit̚⁴⁻³² tŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sit̚⁴⁻³² tŋ̍²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sig$^8$ deng$^5$ / ziah$^8$ deng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si̍k tṳ̂ng / tsia̍h tṳ̂ng
*** Sinological IPA : /sik̚⁴⁻² tɯŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡siaʔ⁴⁻² tɯŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$zeq-daon$_6$
*** MiniDict: zeh$^入$ daon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$zeq-daan$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹¹ dɑ̃²³/
** (Northern: Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^8$zeq-daon$_2$
*** MiniDict: zeh$^入$ daon$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /zəʔ²² dɑ̃¹³/

### Noun

食堂
* cafeteria; canteen; dining hall; dining room
       Zuótiān xuéshēng zài shítáng lǐ dǎ qǐ jià lái le. [Pinyin]
       The students got into a fight in the canteen yesterday.
* restaurant

#### Synonyms

* (cafeteria):
* 食飯廳／食饭厅 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 飯堂／饭堂 (faan$^6$ tong$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 飯廳／饭厅 (fàntīng)
* 餐廳／餐厅 (cāntīng)
* (restaurant):
* 菜館／菜馆 (càiguǎn) (colloquial)
* 菜館子／菜馆子 (càiguǎnzi) (colloquial)
* 酒家 (jiǔjiā)
* 酒樓／酒楼 (jiǔlóu)
* 食肆 (sik$^6$ si$^3$) (Cantonese)
* 飯店／饭店 (fàndiàn)
* 飯店仔／饭店仔 (Hokkien)
* 飯莊／饭庄 (fànzhuāng)
* 飯鋪／饭铺 (fànpù)
* 飯館／饭馆 (fànguǎn)
* 餐廳／餐厅 (cāntīng)
* 餐館／餐馆 (cānguǎn)
* 館子／馆子 (guǎnzi) (colloquial)

#### Derived terms

* 吃食堂 (chī shítáng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 食(しょく)堂(どう) (shokudō)
* → Korean: 식당(食堂) (sikdang, “restaurant”)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 食 | 堂 |
| しょく Grade: 2 | どう Grade: 5 |
| kan'on | goon |
/d͡ʑikidoː/ → /ɕokudoː/
Shift from older reading jikidō (“refectory in a Buddhist temple”). In the Meiji period, the pronunciation shifted to using the kan'on reading of shoku for 食 as the sense expanded to indicate dining facilities in a dormitory, and from there, to any larger room for serving or selling food to multiple people.
First attested in 1903.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょくどー [shòkúdóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕo̞kɯ̟do̞ː]

#### Noun

食(しょく)堂(どう) • (shokudō)
* [from 1903] a room, hall, or building where food is served or sold: a cafeteria, canteen, buffet, dining room, dining hall, eatery, restaurant, refectory
    社員(しゃいん)食堂(しょくどう)
       shain shokudō
       staff cafeteria

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 食 | 堂 |
| じき Grade: 2 | どう Grade: 5 |
| goon ||
/d͡ʑikidau/ → /d͡ʑikidɔː/ → /d͡ʑikidoː/
From Middle Chinese 食堂 (MC zyik dang). First attested in 747.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じきどー [jìkídóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑikʲido̞ː]

#### Noun

食(じき)堂(どう) • (jikidō)
* [from 747] (Buddhism) refectory in a Buddhist temple

### See also

* Thesaurus:レストラン

### References

* 1 2 3 “食堂”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 食 | 堂 |

### Noun

食堂 • (sikdang) (hangeul 식당)
* hanja form of 식당 (“restaurant”)