# ϫⲱϩⲙ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϭⲱϧⲉⲙ (čhōxem) — Bohairic
* ϫⲱⳉⲙⲉ (čōxme) — Akhmimic

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃohm̩/

### Verb

ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ • (čōhm̄) (nominal state ϫⲉϩⲙ̄- (čehm̄-), pronominal state ϫⲁϩⲙ⸗ (čahm⸗), stative ϫⲁϩⲙ̄ (čahm̄))
* (Sahidic, Lycopolitan) to be defiled

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ čōhm̄ | imperative | affirmative | ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ čōhm̄ |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ tm̄čōhm̄ | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄pr̄čōhm̄ |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϫⲱϩⲙ̄ tičōhm̄ | ⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ kčōhm̄ | ⲧⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ tečōhm̄ | ϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ fčōhm̄ | ⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ sčōhm̄ | ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ tn̄čōhm̄ | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ tetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲥⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ sečōhm̄ | ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ čōhm̄ |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eïčōhm̄ | ⲉⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ekčōhm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ erečōhm̄ | ⲉϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ efčōhm̄ | ⲉⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ esčōhm̄ | ⲉⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ enčōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eučōhm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ere- čōhm̄ |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etičōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etk̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etečōhm̄, eterečōhm̄ | ⲉⲧϥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etf̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ets̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etoučōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etere- čōhm̄ |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ neïčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nekčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nerečōhm̄ | ⲛⲉϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nefčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nesčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nenčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ netetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ neučōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nere- čōhm̄ |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ tinačōhm̄ | ⲕⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ knačōhm̄ | ⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ tenačōhm̄ | ϥⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ fnačōhm̄ | ⲥⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ snačōhm̄ | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ tn̄načōhm̄ | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ tetnačōhm̄ | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ senačōhm̄ | ⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ načōhm̄ |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eïnačōhm̄ | ⲉⲕⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eknačōhm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ erenačōhm̄ | ⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ efnačōhm̄ | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ esnačōhm̄ | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ennačōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etetnačōhm̄ | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eunačōhm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ere- načōhm̄ |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etinačōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etk̄načōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etenačōhm̄, eterenačōhm̄ | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etf̄načōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ets̄načōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etn̄načōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etetnačōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etounačōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etere- načōhm̄ |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ neïnačōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ neknačōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nerenačōhm̄ | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nefnačōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nesnačōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nennačōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ netetnačōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ neunačōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nere- načōhm̄ |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ aïčōhm̄ | ⲁⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ akčōhm̄ | ⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲁⲣϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲁⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ačōhm̄, arčōhm̄, arečōhm̄ | ⲁϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ afčōhm̄ | ⲁⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ asčōhm̄ | ⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ančōhm̄ | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ atetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲁⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ aučōhm̄ | ⲁ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ a- čōhm̄ |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄pičōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄pk̄čōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄pečōhm̄, m̄pr̄čōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄pf̄čōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄ps̄čōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄pn̄čōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄petn̄čōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄poučōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄pe- čōhm̄ |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eaïčōhm̄ | ⲉⲁⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eakčōhm̄ | ⲉⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉⲁⲣϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eačōhm̄, earčōhm̄, earečōhm̄ | ⲉⲁϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eafčōhm̄ | ⲉⲁⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ easčōhm̄ | ⲉⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eančōhm̄ | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eatetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲁⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eaučōhm̄ | ⲉⲁ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ea- čōhm̄ |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄pičōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄pk̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄pečōhm̄, em̄pr̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄pf̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄ps̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄pn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄petn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄poučōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄pe- čōhm̄ |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ entaïčōhm̄, n̄taïčōhm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ entakčōhm̄, n̄takčōhm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ entačōhm̄, n̄tačōhm̄, entarčōhm̄, n̄tarčōhm̄, entarečōhm̄, n̄tarečōhm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ entafčōhm̄, n̄tafčōhm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ entasčōhm̄, n̄tasčōhm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ entančōhm̄, n̄tančōhm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ entatetn̄čōhm̄, n̄tatetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ entaučōhm̄, n̄taučōhm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ enta- čōhm̄, n̄ta- čōhm̄ |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄pičōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄pk̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄pečōhm̄, etem̄pr̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄pf̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄ps̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄pn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄petn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄poučōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄pe- čōhm̄ |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ neaïčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ neakčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛⲉⲁⲣϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ neačōhm̄, nearčōhm̄, nearečōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ neafčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ neasčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ neančōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ neatetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ neaučōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nea- čōhm̄ |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄pičōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄pk̄čōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄pečōhm̄, nem̄pr̄čōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄pf̄čōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄ps̄čōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄pn̄čōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄petn̄čōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄poučōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄pe- čōhm̄ |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄taïčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄takčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄tačōhm̄, n̄tarčōhm̄, n̄tarečōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄tafčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄tasčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄tančōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄tatetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄taučōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄ta- čōhm̄ |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄patičōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄patk̄čōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄patečōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄patf̄čōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄pats̄čōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄patn̄čōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄patetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄patoučōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄pate- čōhm̄ |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄patičōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄patk̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄patečōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄patf̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄pats̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄patn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄patetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄patoučōhm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ em̄pate- čōhm̄ |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄patičōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄patk̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄patečōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄patf̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄pats̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄patn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄patetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄patoučōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etem̄pate- čōhm̄ |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄patičōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄patk̄čōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄patečōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄patf̄čōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄pats̄čōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄patn̄čōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄patetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄patoučōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nem̄pate- čōhm̄ |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šaïčōhm̄ | ϣⲁⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šakčōhm̄ | ϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šarečōhm̄ | ϣⲁϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šafčōhm̄ | ϣⲁⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šasčōhm̄ | ϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šančōhm̄ | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šatetn̄čōhm̄ | ϣⲁⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šaučōhm̄ | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šare- čōhm̄ |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ meïčōhm̄ | ⲙⲉⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ mekčōhm̄ | ⲙⲉⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ merečōhm̄ | ⲙⲉϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ mefčōhm̄ | ⲙⲉⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ mesčōhm̄ | ⲙⲉⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ menčōhm̄ | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ metetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲙⲉⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ meučōhm̄ | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ mere- čōhm̄ |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ešaïčōhm̄ | ⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ešakčōhm̄ | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ešarečōhm̄ | ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ešafčōhm̄ | ⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ešasčōhm̄ | ⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ešančōhm̄ | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ešatetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ešaučōhm̄ | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ešare- čōhm̄ |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emeïčōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emekčōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emerečōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emefčōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emesčōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emenčōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emetetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emeučōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emere- čōhm̄ |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etešaïčōhm̄, ešaïčōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etešakčōhm̄, ešakčōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etešarečōhm̄, ešarečōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etešafčōhm̄, ešafčōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etešasčōhm̄, ešasčōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etešančōhm̄, ešančōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etešatetn̄čōhm̄, ešatetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etešaučōhm̄, ešaučōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etešare- čōhm̄, ešare- čōhm̄ |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etemeïčōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etemekčōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etemerečōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etemefčōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etemesčōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etemenčōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etemetetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etemeučōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etemere- čōhm̄ |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nešaïčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nešakčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nešarečōhm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nešafčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nešasčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nešančōhm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nešatetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nešaučōhm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nešare- čōhm̄ |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nemeïčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nemekčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nemerečōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nemefčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nemesčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nemenčōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nemetetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nemeučōhm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ nemere- čōhm̄ |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emeïčōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emekčōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emerečōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emefčōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emesčōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emenčōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emetetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emeučōhm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ emere- čōhm̄ |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eïečōhm̄ | ⲉⲕⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ekečōhm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ erečōhm̄ | ⲉϥⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ efečōhm̄ | ⲉⲥⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ esečōhm̄ | ⲉⲛⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ enečōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etetnečōhm̄ | ⲉⲩⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ euečōhm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ere- čōhm̄ |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄načōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄nekčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄nečōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄nefčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄nesčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄nenčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄netn̄čōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄neučōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄ne- čōhm̄ |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϫⲱϩⲙ̄ maričōhm̄ | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ marefčōhm̄ | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ maresčōhm̄ | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ marn̄čōhm̄ | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ maroučōhm̄ | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ mare- čōhm̄ |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄pr̄tračōhm̄ | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄pr̄trefčōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄pr̄tresčōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄pr̄trenčōhm̄ | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄pr̄treučōhm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ m̄pr̄tre- čōhm̄ |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲧⲁϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄tačōhm̄, tačōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲅϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄gčōhm̄, n̄kčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄tečōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄fčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄sčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄tn̄čōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄tetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄sečōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄te- čōhm̄ |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϫⲱϩⲙ̄ taričōhm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ tarekčōhm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ tarečōhm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ tarefčōhm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ taresčōhm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ tarn̄čōhm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ taretn̄čōhm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ taroučōhm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ tare- čōhm̄ |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄teričōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄terekčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄terečōhm̄, n̄tererčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄terefčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄teresčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄tern̄čōhm̄, n̄terenčōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄teretn̄čōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄teroučōhm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ n̄tere- čōhm̄ |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šantičōhm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šantk̄čōhm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šantečōhm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šantf̄čōhm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šants̄čōhm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šantn̄čōhm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šantetn̄čōhm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šantoučōhm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ šante- čōhm̄ |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eïšančōhm̄ | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ekšančōhm̄ | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eršančōhm̄, erešančōhm̄ | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ efšančōhm̄ | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ esšančōhm̄ | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ enšančōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etetn̄šančōhm̄ | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eušančōhm̄ | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eršan- čōhm̄ |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eïčōhm̄ | ⲉⲕϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ekčōhm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲱϩⲙ̄ erečōhm̄ | ⲉϥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ efčōhm̄ | ⲉⲥϫⲱϩⲙ̄ esčōhm̄ | ⲉⲛϫⲱϩⲙ̄ enčōhm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ etetn̄čōhm̄ | ⲉⲩϫⲱϩⲙ̄ eučōhm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ ere- čōhm̄ |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### Noun

ϫⲱϩⲙ̄ • (čōhm̄) m
* (Sahidic, Lycopolitan) uncleanness, pollution