OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 儒生
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rúshēng
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˊ ㄕㄥ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rúshēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ ㄕㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rúsheng
*** Wade–Giles: ju$^2$-shêng$^1$
*** Yale: rú-shēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rusheng
*** Palladius: жушэн (žušɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐu³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: nyu sraeng|sraengH
Rime :
| Character | 儒 | 生 | 生 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 生 (21) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 庚 (109) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | II | II |
| Fanqie | 人朱切 | 所庚切 | 所敬切 |
| Baxter | nyu | sraeng | sraengH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨo/ | /ʃˠæŋ/ | /ʃˠæŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵio/ | /ʃᵚaŋ/ | /ʃᵚaŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑio/ | /ʃaŋ/ | /ʃaŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵuə̆/ | /ʂaɨjŋ/ | /ʂaɨjŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵio/ | /ʃɐŋ/ | /ʃɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭu/ | /ʃɐŋ/ | /ʃɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯u/ | /ʂɐŋ/ | /ʂɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rú | shēng | shèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^4$ | sang$^1$ | sang$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*no sreŋ|sreŋ|sreŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njo sʰleːŋ|sreŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 儒 | 生 | 生 | 生 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rú | shēng | shēng | shēng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyu › | ‹ sræng › | ‹ sræng › | ‹ srjæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*no/ | /*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?) | /*sreŋ/ | /*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?) |
| English | 侏儒 zhūrú "dwarf", scholar, Confucianism (not in original list) | bear, be born; live | fresh, raw | bear, be born; live |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 儒 | 生 | 生 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13969 | 11312 | 11322 |
| Phonetic component | 需 | 生 | 生 |
| Rime group | 侯 | 耕 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 儒 | 生 | 生 |
| Old Chinese | /*njo/ | /*sʰleːŋ/ | /*sreŋs/ |

### Noun

儒生
* (literary) Confucian scholar
* (literary) scholar

#### Synonyms

* (Confucian scholar): (literary) 儒士 (rúshì)
* (scholar):
* 人士 (rénshì) (literary)
* 士人 (shìrén) (literary)
* 學人／学人 (xuérén)
* 學士／学士 (xuéshì)
* 學者／学者 (xuézhě)
* 文人 (wénrén)
* 文人墨客 (wénrénmòkè)
* 文士 (wénshì)
* 書生／书生 (shūshēng)
* 知識人／知识人
* 知識分子／知识分子
* 秀才 (xiùcái)
* 讀冊人／读册人 (Hokkien)
* 讀書人／读书人 (dúshūrén)
* 騷人／骚人 (sāorén)
* 騷人墨客／骚人墨客 (sāorénmòkè)
* 騷客／骚客 (sāokè)
* 墨客 (mòkè)
# 元气满满
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 元气满满 – see 元氣滿滿 (“cheery; energetic; full of spirit and energy”). (This term is the simplified form of 元氣滿滿).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 元気を付ける
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 元 | 気 | 付 |
| げん Grade: 2 | き Grade: 1 | つ Grade: 4 |
* Alternative spelling
* 元氣を付ける (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

From 元気 (genki, "vigor," "spirits") + を + 付ける (tsukeru, "give", "impart").

### Phrase

元(げん)気(き)を付(つ)ける • (genki o tsukeru)
* give courage to, encourage
# 元本
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuánběn
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ ㄅㄣˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuánběn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ㄅㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuánběn
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^2$-pên$^3$
*** Yale: ywán-běn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuanbeen
*** Palladius: юаньбэнь (juanʹbɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$元本 原本 源本

### Adjective

元本
* fundamental; the most important

### Noun

元本
* essence; foundation
* Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 元 (yuán),‎ 本 (běn).
** Yuan dynasty edition

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 元 | 本 |
| がん Grade: 2 | ほん > ぽん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

元(がん)本(ぽん) • (ganpon)
* (finance) capital investment

#### Related terms

* 果実
* 利回り
# 克敌
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 克敌 – see 克敵 (“to defeat the enemy”). (This term is the simplified form of 克敵).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 克拓
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 克 | 拓 |
| かつ Grade: S | ひろ Grade: S |

### Proper noun

克(かつ)拓(ひろ) • (Katsuhiro)
* a male given name
# 全員
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): quányuán
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄩㄢˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: quányuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyuányuán
*** Wade–Giles: chʻüan$^2$-yüan$^2$
*** Yale: chywán-ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyuanyuan
*** Palladius: цюаньюань (cjuanʹjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$全員／全员 泉源

### Noun

全員
* complete personnel; all members

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 全 | 員 |
| ぜん Grade: 3 | いん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぜんいん [zèń'íń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡zẽ̞ɰ̃ĩɴ]

### Noun

全(ぜん)員(いん) • (zen'in)
* everybody; all members
    Synonym: 総員

#### Usage notes

全員 refers to all people. For objects, 全部 is used.

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 全問
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 全 | 問 |
| ぜん Grade: 3 | もん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡zẽ̞mːõ̞ɴ]

### Noun

全(ぜん)問(もん) • (zenmon)
* all questions
    全問(ぜんもん)正解(せいかい)
       zenmon seikai
       all correct answers
# 光环
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 光环 – see 光環 (“ring of light; circle of light; halo; glory; etc.”). (This term is the simplified form of 光環).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 光瑠
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 光 | 瑠 |
| ひか Grade: 2 | る Grade: S |

### Proper noun

光(ひか)瑠(る) • (Hikaru)
* a female given name
# 光合作用
## Chinese

| | | photosynthesis | function; role; purposefunction; role; purpose; effect; action |
| simp. and trad. (光合作用) | simp. and trad. (光合作用) | 光合 | 作用 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guānghé zuòyòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄤ ㄏㄜˊ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄩㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwong$^1$ hap$^6$ zok$^3$ jung$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kng-ha̍p chok-iōng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guānghé zuòyòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄤ ㄏㄜˊ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄩㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guanghé zuòyòng
*** Wade–Giles: kuang$^1$-ho$^2$ tso$^4$-yung$^4$
*** Yale: gwāng-hé dzwò-yùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guangher tzuohyonq
*** Palladius: гуанхэ цзоюн (guanxɛ czojun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwong$^1$ hap$^6$ zok$^3$ jung$^6$
*** Yale: gwōng hahp jok yuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwong$^1$ hap$^9$ dzok$^8$ jung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guong$^1$ heb$^6$ zog$^3$ yung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ hɐp̚² t͡sɔːk̚³ jʊŋ²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kng-ha̍p chok-iōng
*** Tâi-lô: kng-ha̍p tsok-iōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: knghap zok'iong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍³³ hap̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ iɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ iɔŋ³³/

### Noun

光合作用
* (biology) photosynthesis (biological process)
# 光呼吸
## Chinese

* 光呼吸

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guānghūxī
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄤ ㄏㄨ ㄒㄧ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guānghūxī
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄤ ㄏㄨ ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guanghusi
*** Wade–Giles: kuang$^1$-hu$^1$-hsi$^1$
*** Yale: gwāng-hū-syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanghushi
*** Palladius: гуанхуси (guanxusi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

### Noun

光呼吸
* (biochemistry) photorespiration

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 光 | 呼 | 吸 |

### Noun

光呼吸 • (gwanghoheup) (hangeul 광호흡)
* hanja form of 광호흡 (“photorespiration”)
# 光和
## Chinese

* 光和

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Guānghé
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄤ ㄏㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwong$^1$ wo$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Guānghé
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄤ ㄏㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Guanghé
*** Wade–Giles: Kuang$^1$-ho$^2$
*** Yale: Gwāng-hé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Guangher
*** Palladius: Гуанхэ (Guanxɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwong$^1$ wo$^4$
*** Yale: gwōng wòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwong$^1$ wo$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guong$^1$ wo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɔː²¹/

### Proper noun

光和
* the Guanghe era (178-184), a Chinese era name from reign of Emperor Ling of Han
# 光圀
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 光 | 圀 |
| みつ Grade: 2 | くに Hyōgai |
| nanori | kun'yomi |

### Proper noun

光(みつ)圀(くに) • (Mitsukuni)
* a surname
# 八通關
## Chinese
### Etymology

From Tsou patungkuonʉ.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Bātōngguān
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄢ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Pat-thong-koan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Bātōngguān
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Batongguan
*** Wade–Giles: Pa$^1$-tʻung$^1$-kuan$^1$
*** Yale: Bā-tūng-gwān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Batongguan
*** Palladius: Батунгуань (Batunguanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pä⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pat-thong-koan
*** Tâi-lô: Pat-thong-kuan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pattongkoafn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pat̚³²⁻⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pat̚⁵⁻²⁴ tʰɔŋ³³ kuan³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pat̚³²⁻⁵ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pat̚³²⁻⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pat̚³²⁻⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/

### Proper noun

八通關
* (historical) Former name of 玉山 (Yùshān), the tallest mountain on Taiwan Island.
# 八达通
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 八达通 – see 八達通 (“Octopus card”). (This term is the simplified form of 八達通).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 八道
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Bādào
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄚ ㄉㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baat$^3$ dou$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Bādào
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄚ ㄉㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Badào
*** Wade–Giles: Pa$^1$-tao$^4$
*** Yale: Bā-dàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Badaw
*** Palladius: Бадао (Badao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pä⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baat$^3$ dou$^6$
*** Yale: baat douh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baat$^8$ dou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bad$^3$ dou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːt̚³ tou̯²²/

### Proper noun

八道
* the (historical) Eight Provinces of Korea
    Meronyms: 江原道 (Jiāngyuán Dào), 京畿道 (Jīngjīdào), 慶尚道／庆尚道, 全羅道／全罗道 (Quánluódào), 忠清道, 平安道, 咸鏡道, 黃海道／黄海道

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 八 | 道 |
| はち Grade: 1 | どう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 팔도(八道) (Paldo).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ha̠t͡ɕido̞ː]

### Proper noun

八(はち)道(どう) • (Hachidō)
* the (historical) Eight Provinces of Korea
    Meronyms: 江原道, 京畿道, 慶尚道, 全羅道, 忠清道, 平安道, 咸鏡道, 黃海道
    鶏林(けいりん)八道(はちどう)
       Keirin Hachidō
       Eight Provinces of Korea

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 八 | 道 |

### Proper noun

八道 • (Paldo) (hangeul 팔도)
* hanja form of 팔도
# 估量
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gūliang, gūliáng, gūliàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨ ˙ㄌㄧㄤ, ㄍㄨ ㄌㄧㄤˊ, ㄍㄨ ㄌㄧㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gu$^2$ loeng$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘-liông / kó͘-liâng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gūliang
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ ˙ㄌㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guliång
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^1$-liang$^5$
*** Yale: gū-lyang
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gu.liang
*** Palladius: гулян (guljan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁵⁵ li̯ɑŋ²/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gūliáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ ㄌㄧㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guliáng
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^1$-liang$^2$
*** Yale: gū-lyáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guliang
*** Palladius: гулян (guljan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁵⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gūliàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ ㄌㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guliàng
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^1$-liang$^4$
*** Yale: gū-lyàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gulianq
*** Palladius: гулян (guljan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁵⁵ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^2$ loeng$^4$
*** Yale: gú lèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^2$ loeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^2$ lêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː³⁵ lœːŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-liông
*** Tâi-lô: kóo-liông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koflioong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-liâng
*** Tâi-lô: kóo-liâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kofliaang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liaŋ¹³/

### Verb

估量
* to evaluate; to estimate

#### Synonyms

* 估計／估计 (gūjì)
* 假定 (jiǎdìng)
* 假想 (jiǎxiǎng)
* 假設／假设 (jiǎshè)
* 商量 (shāngliàng) (Classical Chinese)
* 嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
* 忖度 (cǔnduó) (literary)
* 思裁 (sīcái) (literary)
* 想象 (xiǎngxiàng)
* 懸／悬 (xuán) (literary, or in compounds)
* 懸想／悬想 (xuánxiǎng)
* 懷疑／怀疑 (huáiyí)
* 打估 (Southern Pinghua)
* 推想 (tuīxiǎng)
* 推測／推测 (tuīcè)
* 掠算 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 揣度 (formal)
* 擬／拟 (nǐ)
* 母量 (mu$^3$ liong) (Gan)
* 派胚 (Hokkien)
* 測／测 (cè) (literary, or in compounds)
* 測估／测估 (cègū)
* 測度／测度 (cèduó)
* 測算／测算 (cèsuàn)
* 猜 (cāi)
* 猜度 (cāiduó)
* 猜想 (cāixiǎng)
* 猜摸 (cāimo)
* 猜料 (cāiliào)
* 猜測／猜测 (cāicè)
* 猜詳／猜详 (cāixiáng)
* 算 (suàn)
* 算計／算计 (suànjì)
* 約摸／约摸 (yuēmo)
* 臭疑 (Hokkien)
* 臭青疑 (Hokkien)
* 虛擬／虚拟 (xūnǐ)
* 要約／要约 (iau$^3$ ieh$^4$) (Jin)
* 設／设 (shè)
* 設想／设想 (shèxiǎng)
* 跋胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 辦胚／办胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 阿合 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 青疑 (Hokkien)
* 預計／预计 (yùjì)
# 八角枫
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 八角枫 – see 八角楓 (“alangium”). (This term is the simplified form of 八角楓).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 侧面
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 侧面 – see 側面 (“lateral side; side; aspect”). (This term is the simplified form of 側面).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 兩面性
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liǎngmiànxìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liǎngmiànxìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liǎngmiànsìng
*** Wade–Giles: liang$^3$-mien$^4$-hsing$^4$
*** Yale: lyǎng-myàn-syìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leangmiannshinq
*** Palladius: лянмяньсин (ljanmjanʹsin)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

### Noun

兩面性
* dual character
    From: 1957, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題》 (On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
    Zhè shì yīnwèi wǒguó de mínzú zīchǎn jiējí yǒu liǎngmiànxìng. Zài zīchǎn jiējí mínzhǔ gémìng shíqī, tā yǒu gémìngxìng de yīmiàn, yòu yǒu tuǒxiéxìng de yīmiàn. Zài shèhuì zhǔyì gémìng shíqī, tā yǒu bōxuē gōngrén jiējí qǔdé lìrùn de yīmiàn, yòu yǒu yōnghù xiànfǎ, yuànyì jiēshòu shèhuì zhǔyì gǎizào de yīmiàn. [Pinyin]
    This is because the Chinese national bourgeoisie has a dual character. In the period of the bourgeois-democratic revolution, it had both a revolutionary and a conciliationist side to its character. In the period of the socialist revolution, exploitation of the working class for profit constitutes one side of the character of the national bourgeoisie, while its support of the Constitution and its willingness to accept socialist transformation constitute the other.
# 兩鬢斑白
## Chinese

| | | both; two; someboth; two; some; a few; tael | temples; hair on the temples | grizzled; graying |
| trad. (兩鬢斑白) | trad. (兩鬢斑白) | 兩 | 鬢 | 斑白 |
| simp. (两鬓斑白) | simp. (两鬓斑白) | 两 | 鬓 | 斑白 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liǎngbìnbānbái
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄅㄧㄣˋ ㄅㄢ ㄅㄞˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liǎngbìnbānbái
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄅㄧㄣˋ ㄅㄢ ㄅㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liǎngbìnbanbái
*** Wade–Giles: liang$^3$-pin$^4$-pan$^1$-pai$^2$
*** Yale: lyǎng-bìn-bān-bái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leangbinnbanbair
*** Palladius: лянбиньбаньбай (ljanbinʹbanʹbaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pin⁵¹ pän⁵⁵ paɪ̯³⁵/

### Idiom

兩鬢斑白
* to have grey hair at the temples; to be old-aged or have overworked oneself
# 内山仔
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 内山仔 – see 內山仔 (“people from a mountainous area”). (This term is the simplified form of 內山仔).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 内山倯
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 内山倯 – see 內山倯 (“country bumpkin; bogan; yokel”). (This term is the simplified form of 內山倯).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 内布拉斯加
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 内布拉斯加 – see 內布拉斯加 (“Nebraska”). (This term is the simplified form of 內布拉斯加).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 内幕交易
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 内幕交易 – see 內幕交易 (“insider trading”). (This term is the simplified form of 內幕交易).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 公務人員
## Chinese

| | | official business; public duty; official duty | staff; personnel; employeestaff; personnel; employee; worker; person |
| trad. (公務人員) | trad. (公務人員) | 公務 | 人員 |
| simp. (公务人员) | simp. (公务人员) | 公务 | 人员 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōngwù rényuán
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄨˋ ㄖㄣˊ ㄩㄢˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngwù rényuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄨˋ ㄖㄣˊ ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongwù rényuán
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-wu$^4$ jên$^2$-yüan$^2$
*** Yale: gūng-wù rén-ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongwuh renyuan
*** Palladius: гунъу жэньюань (gunʺu žɛnʹjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹ ʐən³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

### Noun

公務人員
* government employee

#### Synonyms

* 公僕／公仆 (gōngpú)
* 公職人員／公职人员 (gōngzhí rényuán)

#### Derived terms

* 公保 (gōngbǎo)

#### Related terms

* 公務員／公务员 (gōngwùyuán)
# 军用机场
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 军用机场 – see 軍用機場 (“military airport; air base”). (This term is the simplified form of 軍用機場).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 冉冉升起
## Chinese

| | | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic |
| trad. (冉冉升起) | trad. (冉冉升起) | 冉 | 冉 | 升 | 起 |
| simp. $^#$(冉冉升起) | simp. $^#$(冉冉升起) | 冉 | 冉 | 升 | 起 |
* 冉冉升起

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rǎnrǎn shēngqǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˇ ㄖㄢˇ ㄕㄥ ㄑㄧˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rǎnrǎn shēngqǐ [Phonetic: ránrǎnshēngqǐ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˇ ㄖㄢˇ ㄕㄥ ㄑㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rǎnrǎn shengcǐ
*** Wade–Giles: jan$^3$-jan$^3$ shêng$^1$-chʻi$^3$
*** Yale: rǎn-rǎn shēng-chǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: raanraan shengchii
*** Palladius: жаньжань шэнци (žanʹžanʹ šɛnci)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʐän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Adjective

冉冉升起
* ascending, rising slowly
    这只冉冉升起的鸡给我带来了甜菜根的笑声。
# 冊友
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chheh-iû
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheh-iû
*** Tâi-lô: tsheh-iû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zheh'iuu
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ iu²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ iu²⁴/

### Noun

冊友
* (Taiwanese Hokkien, dated) schoolmate; classmate

#### Synonyms

* 同學／同学 (tóngxué)
* 同硯／同砚 (tóngyàn) (literary)
* 同社 (tóngshè) (literary)
* 同窗 (tóngchuāng)
* 學友／学友 (xuéyǒu)
* 窗友 (coeng$^1$ jau$^{4-2}$) (Cantonese, dated)
* 齋友／斋友 (că̤-iēu) (Eastern Min, dated)
# 優素福
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Yōusùfú
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ ㄙㄨˋ ㄈㄨˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Yōusùfú
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ ㄙㄨˋ ㄈㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Yousùfú
*** Wade–Giles: Yu$^1$-su$^4$-fu$^2$
*** Yale: Yōu-sù-fú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Iousuhfwu
*** Palladius: Юсуфу (Jusufu)
*** Sinological IPA : /joʊ̯⁵⁵ su⁵¹ fu³⁵/

### Proper noun

優素福
* A transliteration of the Arabic male given name يُوسُف (yūsuf), equivalent to Yusuf
# 優秀民族
## Chinese

| | | excellent; outstanding | people; nation; nationalitypeople; nation; nationality; ethnic group; minority; ethnos |
| trad. (優秀民族) | trad. (優秀民族) | 優秀 | 民族 |
| simp. (优秀民族) | simp. (优秀民族) | 优秀 | 民族 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yōuxiùmínzú
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ ㄒㄧㄡˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄗㄨˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yōuxiùmínzú
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ ㄒㄧㄡˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄗㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yousiòumínzú
*** Wade–Giles: yu$^1$-hsiu$^4$-min$^2$-tsu$^2$
*** Yale: yōu-syòu-mín-dzú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ioushiowmintzwu
*** Palladius: юсюминьцзу (jusjuminʹczu)
*** Sinological IPA : /joʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ min³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

### Noun

優秀民族
* (especially Nazism) master race
# 军

| 军 | U+519B, &#20891; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-519B |
| ← 冚 [U+519A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 农 → [U+519C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

军 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 月大手 (BKQ), composition ⿱冖车)

#### Derived characters

* 恽, 挥, 晖, 浑, 珲, 裈, 诨, 辉, 皲, 郓, 晕, 翚, 荤
* 𫝈, 𪣒, 𫝨, 𪸩, 𦈉, 𣍯, 𫗥, 𩧰, 𩽼
* 𰎝, 𫷅, 𰡋, 𰗢, 𬑕, 𱂈, 𱌏, 𱌳, 𬱢, 𱉱, 𬏫, 𬤖

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 130, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 303, character 7
* Unihan data for U+519B

## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 军 – see 軍 (“armed forces; army; troops; corps; army; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 軍).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 再誕
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 再 | 誕 |
| さい Grade: 5 | たん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

再(さい)誕(たん) • (saitan)
* resurrection (of a company or school, etc.)
# 再読文字
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 再 | 読 | 文 | 字 |
| さい Grade: 5 | どく Grade: 2 | もん > も Grade: 1 | じ Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | on'yomi | irregular | on'yomi |
* Alternative spelling
* 再讀文字 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

From 再読(さいどく) (saidoku, “read again”) + 文字(もじ) (moji, “character”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さいどくもじ [sàídókú móꜜjì] (Nakadaka – [5])
* IPA: [sa̠ido̞kɯ̟ mo̞ʑi]

### Noun

再(さい)読(どく)文(も)字(じ) • (saidoku moji)
* twice-read character: kanji that must be read twice in the kanbun kundoku (漢文訓読) process

#### Synonyms

* 再読字(さいどくじ) (saidokuji)

#### See also

* 置(お)き字(じ) (okiji)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 冲进
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 冲进 – see 衝進 (“to rush; to break in; to burst in; to force into”). (This term is the simplified form of 衝進).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 冲绳岛
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 冲绳岛 – see 沖繩島 (“Okinawa Island”). (This term is the simplified form of 沖繩島).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.