# estopa
## Galician
### Etymology

Attested since 1281. From Latin stuppa (“tow”), from Ancient Greek στύππη (stúppē).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /esˈtopa̝/

### Noun

estopa f (plural estopas)
* tow (coarse fibre obtained as a crossproduct during flax processing)
** 1281, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., page 133:
    Mando o fiado daſ eſtopaſ que teño debaado a Maria Suarez τ a Tereyga τ Maria Martinz.
       I give the tow yarn I have reeled to María Suarez and Tereixa and María Martís"
** c. 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 856:Et osmarõ de fazer hũa balsa(ma) tamaña que atrauessasse o rrio de parte a parte, et que a enchessem toda de (b)ollas et de tinaias chẽas de fogo greguisco -et dizenllj en arauigo fogo d'algadrã - et rezina et pez et estopasThey considered whether to build a raft, long enough to cross the river from side to side, and to fill it with balls and jars filled with Greek fire -which in Arab is called "fire of algadrán"- and resin and tar and tow
** 1519, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros, Vigo: Galaxia, page 222:debo á muller de Vasco de Fonteelo una meada de liño e á Tereixa Gata quatro maçarocas destopa e a María d'Eygreja tres maçarocasI owe a skein of flax to Vasco de Fontelo's wife, and to Tereixa Gata four spindlefuls of tow and to María da Eigrexa three spindlefuls
** 1813, Manuel Pardo de Andrade, Rogos dun escolar gallego:O feitizo está nos ollos dua nena de Padron: as nenas tamen feitizan à os cregos da inquisicion. Garridiñas, nos chegedes a os que manexan tizós, que a estopa cabe do fogo e vos ua tentacion.the charm is in the eyes of a girl form Padrón: the girls also charm the priests of the Inquisition. Beautiful ladies, don't come near the ones who handle the brand, because the tow by the fire it's too much of a temptation.
** 1887, Rufino Ribera Losada, O que son os casamentos pola nova:algún caído en trelos desa natureza tamén compara co lume á beira das estopas.some who have fallen in these kind of affairs [romantic love] compare them to the fire by the tows
    O home é lume e a muller estopa; vén o demo e sopra. ― Man is flame, woman is tow; along comes the devil to blow. (proverb)
* (nautical) oakum (fibrous caulking material)

#### Derived terms

* poñer lume á estopa

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “estopa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “stopa”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “estopa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “estopa”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “estopa”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese estopa, from Latin stuppa, from Ancient Greek στύππη (stúppē). Compare Spanish estopa and French étoupe.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /isˈtɔ.pɐ/, /esˈtɔ.pɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /isˈtɔ.pɐ/, /esˈtɔ.pɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʃˈtɔ.pɐ/, /eʃˈtɔ.pɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /esˈtɔ.pa/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃˈtɔ.pɐ/
* Hyphenation: es‧to‧pa

### Noun

estopa f (plural estopas)
* tow (an untwisted bundle of fibers)
* (nautical) oakum (fibrous caulking material)

#### Derived terms

* não meter prego nem estopa

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish estopa, from Latin stuppa, from Ancient Greek στύππη (stúppē).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /esˈtopa/ [esˈt̪o.pa]
* Rhymes: -opa
* Syllabification: es‧to‧pa

### Noun

estopa f (plural estopas)
* tow (an untwisted bundle of fibers)
* (nautical) oakum (fibrous caulking material)

### Further reading

* “estopa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014