# 高山
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gāoshān
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ ㄕㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gou$^1$ saan$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kô-sân
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko-san
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gāoshān
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ ㄕㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gaoshan
*** Wade–Giles: kao$^1$-shan$^1$
*** Yale: gāu-shān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaushan
*** Palladius: гаошань (gaošanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gou$^1$ saan$^1$
*** Yale: gōu sāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gou$^1$ saan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gou$^1$ san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kou̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kô-sân
*** Hakka Romanization System: go$^ˊ$ san$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: go$^1$ san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ko²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko-san
*** Tâi-lô: ko-san
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koisafn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ko⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ko³³ san³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ko⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ko⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kaw srean
Rime :
| Character | 高 | 山 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 山 (73) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 古勞切 | 所閒切 |
| Baxter | kaw | srean |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑu/ | /ʃˠɛn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑu/ | /ʃᵚæn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑu/ | /ʃæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaw/ | /ʂəɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑu/ | /ʃɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑu/ | /ʃæn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kɑu/ | /ʂăn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gāo | shān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gou$^1$ | saan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[k]ˤaw s-ŋrar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kaːw sreːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 高 | 山 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gāo | shān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kaw › | ‹ srɛn › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.[k]ˁaw/ | /*s-ŋrar/ |
| English | high, tall | mountain, hill |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 高 | 山 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3726 | 11052 |
| Phonetic component | 高 | 山 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 髙 | 山 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaːw/ | /*sreːn/ |

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

高山
* high mountain
       Wǒ xiànzài de zhùsuǒ wéiyǒu gāoshān, bù jiàn dàhǎi. [Pinyin]
       Where I live now there is no sea, but only high mountains.
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Gù bù dēng gāoshān, bùzhī tiān zhī gāo yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

##### Synonyms

* (Hokkien) 懸山／悬山 (koân-soaⁿ, koâiⁿ-soaⁿ)

##### Derived terms

* 不登高山，不顯平地／不登高山，不显平地
* 流水高山
* 高山仰之
* 高山仰止 (gāoshānyǎngzhǐ)
* 高山安仰
* 高山峻嶺／高山峻岭
* 高山族 (Gāoshānzú)
* 高山景行
* 高山植物
* 高山流水 (gāoshānliúshuǐ)
* 高山症 (gāoshānzhèng)
* 高山病 (gāoshānbìng)
* 高山語／高山语
* 高山重嶂

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 高山(こうざん) (kōzan)
* → Korean: 고산(高山) (gosan)

### Etymology 2

* 高山市
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 高山(たかやま) (Takayama).

#### Proper noun

高山
* (～市) Takayama (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 高 | 山 |
| こう Grade: 2 | さん > ざん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Noun

高(こう)山(ざん) • (kōzan)
* high mountain

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 高 | 山 |
| たか Grade: 2 | やま Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||

#### Proper noun

高(たか)山(やま) • (Takayama)
* Takayama (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)
* a surname

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 高 | 山 |
| こう Grade: 2 | やま Grade: 1 |
| jūbakoyomi ||

#### Proper noun

高(こう)山(やま) • (Kōyama)
* a surname