# 齋戒
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhāijiè
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄞ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaai$^1$ gaai$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chai-kài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zê$^1$ gai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhāijiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄞ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhaijiè
*** Wade–Giles: chai$^1$-chieh$^4$
*** Yale: jāi-jyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaijieh
*** Palladius: чжайцзе (čžajcze)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaai$^1$ gaai$^3$
*** Yale: jāai gaai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai$^1$ gaai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zai$^1$ gai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːi̯⁵⁵ kaːi̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chai-kài
*** Tâi-lô: tsai-kài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zai'kaix
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² kai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai³³ kai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻³³ kai²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻³³ kai¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zê$^1$ gai$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tse kài
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡se³³⁻²³ kai²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: tsreaj keajH
Rime :
| Character | 齋 | 戒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 莊 (18) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) | 皆 (33) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 側皆切 | 古拜切 |
| Baxter | tsreaj | keajH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃˠɛi/ | /kˠɛi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂᵚæi/ | /kᵚæi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃɐi/ | /kɐi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂəɨj/ | /kəɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃɛi/ | /kɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃɐi/ | /kɐi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂăi/ | /kăi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhāi | jiè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zaai$^1$ | gaai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsˤr[ə]j kˤrək-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsriːl krɯːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 齋 | 戒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhāi | jiè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsreaj › | ‹ kɛj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tsˁr[ə]j/ | /*kˁrək-s/ (~ kˁrək) |
| English | purify oneself | be on guard |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 齋 | 戒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 10031 | 6544 |
| Phonetic component | 齊 | 戒 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 代 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 齋 | 誡 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsriːl/ | /*krɯːɡs/ |

### Verb

齋戒
* to fast (restrict one’s consumption of food and abstain from various desires for religious purposes)
** (archaic, in feudal China) to bathe, change clothing, and abstain from meat, alcohol and sexual activity
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Zhào wáng sòng bì shí, zhāijiè wǔ rì, jīn dàwáng yì yí zhāijiè wǔ rì, shè jiǔbīn yú tíng, chén nǎi gǎn shàng bì. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
** (Islam) to practice sawm

#### Synonyms

* (practice sawm): 封齋／封斋 (fēngzhāi), 把齋／把斋 (bǎzhāi)

#### Derived terms

* 齋戒月／斋戒月 (Zhāijièyuè)
* 齋戒沐浴／斋戒沐浴 (zhāijièmùyù)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 斎戒(さいかい) (saikai, “purification for spiritual purposes”)
* → Korean: 재계(齋戒) (jaegye)
* → Vietnamese: trai giới (齋戒)