# 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *biwandijaną (“to turn around”); equivalent to 𐌱𐌹- (bi-) +‎ 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan). Cognate with Old English bewendan (“to turn around”) (whence English bewend).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /biˈwandjan/

### Verb

𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (biwandjan)
* to avoid, shun
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, 2 Corinthians 8:20:
    𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰, 𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐍉𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐌿𐌽𐍃biwandjandans þata, ibai ƕas uns fairinōdēdi in digrein þizai andbahtidōn fram unsAvoiding this, that no man should blame us in this abundance which is administered by us (KJV)
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, 2 Timothy 2:16:
    𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐍉 𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍉𐌽𐌰 𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍉𐌽𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹; 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌳𐌿 𐌰𐍆𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽,iþ þō dwalōna usweihōna lausawaurdja biwandei; untē filu gaggand du afgudein,But shun profane and vain babblings: for they will increase unto more ungodliness. (KJV)
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, 2 Timothy 2:23:
    𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐍉𐍃 𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍉𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌰𐌻𐍉𐌽𐍃 𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌽𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹, 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍃.iþ þōs dwalōns jah untalōns sōknins biwandei, witands þatei gabairand sakjōns.But foolish and unlearned questions avoid, knowing that they do gender strifes. (KJV)
* to refuse, reject
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, 1 Timothy 4:7:
    𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐍉 𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍉𐌽𐌰 𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉 𐍃𐍀𐌹𐌻𐌻𐌰 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹, 𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌴𐌹 𐌸𐌿𐌺 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰𐌽 𐌳𐌿 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽.iþ þō usweihōna swē usalþanaizō spilla biwandei, iþ þrōþei þuk silban du gagudein.But refuse profane and old wives' fables, and exercise thyself rather unto godliness. (KJV)
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, 1 Timothy 5:11:
    𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉𐌽𐍃 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹; 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌰𐌿𐌺 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰 𐍇𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌿, 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰,iþ juggōs widuwōns biwandei; þan auk gairnidēdeina wiþra xristu, liugan wileina,But the younger widows refuse: for when they have begun to wax wanton against Christ, they will marry (KJV)

#### Conjugation

Class 1 weak :
| Infinitive | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 biwandjan | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 biwandjan | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 biwandjan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰 biwandja | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 biwandida | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 biwandjada |
| 2nd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 biwandeis | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 biwandidēs | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 biwandjaza |
| 3rd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 biwandeiþ | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 biwandida | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 biwandjada |
| 1st dual | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 biwandjōs | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 biwandidēdu | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 biwandjats | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 biwandidēduts | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼 biwandjam | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 biwandidēdum | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 biwandjanda |
| 2nd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 biwandeiþ | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 biwandidēduþ | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 biwandjanda |
| 3rd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 biwandjand | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 biwandidēdun | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 biwandjanda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 biwandjau | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 biwandidēdjau | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwandjaidau |
| 2nd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 biwandjais | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 biwandidēdeis | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 biwandjaizau |
| 3rd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹 biwandjai | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 biwandidēdi | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwandjaidau |
| 1st dual | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 biwandjaiwa | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 biwandidēdeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 biwandjaits | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 biwandidēdeits | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 biwandjaima | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 biwandidēdeima | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwandjaindau |
| 2nd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 biwandjaiþ | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 biwandidēdeiþ | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwandjaindau |
| 3rd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 biwandjaina | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 biwandidēdeina | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwandjaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 biwandei | | |
| 3rd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwandjadau | | |
| 2nd dual | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 biwandjats | | |
| 2nd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 biwandeiþ | | |
| 3rd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwandjandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 biwandjands | 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌸𐍃 biwandiþs | |

### Further reading

* Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 169