# 春風
## Chinese

* 春風

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chūnfēng
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄣ ㄈㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceon$^1$ fung$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'cun$^1$ fung$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûn-fûng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhun-hong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chūnfēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣ ㄈㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chunfong
*** Wade–Giles: chʻun$^1$-fêng$^1$
*** Yale: chwūn-fēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuenfeng
*** Palladius: чуньфэн (čunʹfɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceon$^1$ fung$^1$
*** Yale: chēun fūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen$^1$ fung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cên$^1$ fung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'cun$^1$ fung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈt͡sʰun⁴² fuŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn-fûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: cun$^ˊ$ fung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cun$^1$ fung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhun-hong
*** Tâi-lô: tshun-hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhunhofng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsyhwin pjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 春 | 風 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 昌脣切 | 方戎切 |
| Baxter | tsyhwin | pjuwng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰiuɪn/ | /pɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰʷin/ | /piuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰjuen/ | /piuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰwin/ | /puwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiuĕn/ | /piuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/ | /pĭuŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/ | /pi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chūn | fēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ceon$^1$ | fung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰun prəm/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjun plum/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 春 | 風 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chūn | fēng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyhwin › | ‹ pjuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰun/ | /*prəm/ |
| English | springtime | wind (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 春 | 風 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 12573 | 2921 |
| Phonetic component | 屯 | 凡 |
| Rime group | 文 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 春 | 風 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰjun/ | /*plum/ |
| Notes | 說文從艸從日屯聲， 實屯繁化轉註字 | |

### Noun

春風
* (literally) spring breeze; warm breeze in spring
       Chūnfēng sòng lái chūntiān de wènhòu. [Pinyin]
       Spring greets us with its warm breeze.
* (figurative) favour; grace
* (figurative) education; teaching; guidance
* (figurative) kindly and pleasant countenance; face beaming with joy
* (figurative) lovemaking; sexual union

#### Synonyms

* (spring breeze): (literary, poetic) 東風／东风 (dōngfēng)

#### Derived terms

* 一度春風／一度春风
* 化雨春風／化雨春风 (huàyǔchūnfēng)
* 口角春風／口角春风
* 和氣春風／和气春风
* 嘴上春風／嘴上春风
* 坐春風／坐春风
* 如坐春風／如坐春风
* 如沐春風／如沐春风 (rúmùchūnfēng)
* 幾度春風／几度春风
* 料峭春風／料峭春风
* 斬草不除根，春風吹又生／斩草不除根，春风吹又生 (zhǎn cǎo bù chúgēn, chūnfēng chuī yòu shēng)
* 春風一度／春风一度
* 春風不入驢耳／春风不入驴耳
* 春風中坐／春风中坐
* 春風人面／春风人面
* 春風化雨／春风化雨 (chūnfēnghuàyǔ)
* 春風和氣／春风和气
* 春風報罷／春风报罢
* 春風夏雨／春风夏雨
* 春風得志／春风得志
* 春風得意／春风得意 (chūnfēngdéyì)
* 春風沂水／春风沂水
* 春風滿面／春风满面
* 春風藹吉／春风蔼吉
* 春風野火／春风野火
* 春風雨露／春风雨露
* 春風面／春风面
* 春風風人／春风风人 (chūnfēngfèngrén)
* 春風風人，夏雨雨人／春风风人，夏雨雨人
* 春風馬耳／春风马耳
* 時雨春風／时雨春风
* 桃李春風／桃李春风
* 沂水春風／沂水春风
* 沐浴春風／沐浴春风
* 滿臉春風／满脸春风
* 滿袖春風／满袖春风
* 滿面春風／满面春风 (mǎnmiànchūnfēng)
* 秋月春風／秋月春风
* 筆下春風／笔下春风
* 筆底春風／笔底春风
* 行下春風望夏雨／行下春风望夏雨
* 行得春風望夏雨／行得春风望夏雨
* 過耳春風／过耳春风
* 醉春風／醉春风
* 野火燒不盡，春風吹又生／野火烧不尽，春风吹又生
* 馬耳春風／马耳春风

### References

* “Entry #5044”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 春 | 風 |
| はる Grade: 2 | かぜ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
春(はる) (haru, “spring”) + 風(かぜ) (kaze, “wind”)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はるかぜ [hàrúꜜkàzè] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [ha̠ɾɯ̟ka̠ze̞]

#### Noun

春(はる)風(かぜ) • (harukaze)
* spring breeze

##### Related terms

* 東風(こち) (kochi, “east wind”)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 春 | 風 |
| しゅん Grade: 2 | ふう > ぷう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゅんぷう [shùńpúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕɨ̃mpɯ̟ː]

#### Noun

春(しゅん)風(ぷう) • (shunpū)
* Synonym of 春風 (harukaze)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 春 | 風 |

### Noun

春風 • (chunpung) (hangeul 춘풍)
* hanja form of 춘풍