# 上游
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shàngyóu
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ ㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^6$ jau$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): song-yù
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siōng-iû / siāng-iû
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shàngyóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shàngyóu
*** Wade–Giles: shang$^4$-yu$^2$
*** Yale: shàng-yóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanqyou
*** Palladius: шанъю (šanʺju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$上油 上游
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^6$ jau$^4$
*** Yale: seuhng yàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^6$ jau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^6$ yeo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ²² jɐu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: song-yù
*** Hakka Romanization System: song iu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: song$^4$ yiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵ i̯u¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: song-yù
*** Hakka Romanization System: song (r)iu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: song$^4$ yiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵ (j)i̯u¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng-iû
*** Tâi-lô: siōng-iû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioxng'iuu
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ iu²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng-iû
*** Tâi-lô: siāng-iû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siaxng'iuu
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ²²⁻²¹ iu¹³/
* Middle Chinese: dzyangH yuw
Rime :
| Character | 上 | 游 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 時亮切 | 以周切 |
| Baxter | dzyangH | yuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨɐŋ$^H$/ | /jɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɐŋ$^H$/ | /jiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiɑŋ$^H$/ | /iəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑɨaŋ$^H$/ | /juw/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiaŋ$^H$/ | /iu/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭaŋ$^H$/ | /jĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʑi̯aŋ$^H$/ | /i̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shàng | yóu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | soeng$^6$ | jau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*daŋʔ-s [N-]ru/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djaŋs lu/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 上 | 游 | 游 |
| Reading # | 3/3 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shàng | yóu | yóu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyang$^H$ › | ‹ yuw › | ‹ yuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*daŋʔ-s/ | /*[N-]ru/ | /*[N-]ru/ |
| English | top, above (n.) | float, swim | float, swim |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 上 | 游 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11103 | 15545 |
| Phonetic component | 上 | 斿 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 尚 | 猷 |
| Old Chinese | /*djaŋs/ | /*lu/ |

### Noun

上游
* upper reaches; upstream portion of a river
* (figuratively) favourable position; advantage; edge
* (figuratively) (one's) superior; superordinate
* (open-source software) upstream

#### Antonyms

* 下游 (xiàyóu)