# 蹲踞
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dūnjù
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄣ ㄐㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon$^1$ geoi$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dūnjù
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣ ㄐㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dunjyù
*** Wade–Giles: tun$^1$-chü$^4$
*** Yale: dwūn-jyù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duenjiuh
*** Palladius: дуньцзюй (dunʹczjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeon$^1$ geoi$^3$
*** Yale: jēun geui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen$^1$ goey$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zên$^1$ gêu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵn⁵⁵ kɵy̯³³/

### Verb

蹲踞
* to crouch; to squat

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蹲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蹲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 蹲 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 跍堆, 跍蹲, 蹲 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 趷蹴, 蹴, 蹲 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 跍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 跍 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蹲 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 蹲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 䟵 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 踎, 冬 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 踎 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 踎 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 跍, 蹲 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蹲, 𨁏 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 跍 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 跍 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 踎 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 跍 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 跍 |
| Hakka | Changting | 𨁏 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 𨁏 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 跍 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 跍 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 跍 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 跍 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 跍 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 跍 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 跍 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 跍 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 圪蹴, 蹲 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 跍嚕 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 蹲, 跍 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 跍 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 跍 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 跍 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 跍 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 跍 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 跍 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 跍 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 跍 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 跍 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 跍, 蹲 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 跍 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 跍 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 跍, 蹲 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蹲, 伏 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 𧺤, 彎 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 跍 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 蹲 |

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 蹲 | 踞 |
| そん Hyōgai | こ Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 蹲居
Kanji in this term :
| 蹲 | 踞 |
| そん Hyōgai | きょ Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 蹲居
From Middle Chinese 蹲踞 (MC dzwon kjoH). The reading of sonko uses the go'on reading of ko for 踞.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そんきょ [sóꜜǹkyò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sõ̞ŋʲkʲo̞]
* IPA: [sõ̞ŋko̞]

#### Noun

蹲(そん)踞(きょ) or 蹲(そん)踞(こ) • (sonkyo or sonko)
* crouch; squat
* (sumo, kendo) sonkyo

#### Verb

蹲(そん)踞(きょ)する or 蹲(そん)踞(こ)する • (sonkyo suru or sonko suru) suru (stem 蹲(そん)踞(きょ)し (sonkyo shi), past 蹲(そん)踞(きょ)した (sonkyo shita))
* to crouch; to squat
* (sumo, kendo) to assume the sonkyo position

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 蹲踞し | そんきょし | sonkyo shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 蹲踞し | そんきょし | sonkyo shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 蹲踞する | そんきょする | sonkyo suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 蹲踞する | そんきょする | sonkyo suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 蹲踞すれ | そんきょすれ | sonkyo sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 蹲踞せよ¹ 蹲踞しろ² | そんきょせよ¹ そんきょしろ² | sonkyo seyo¹ sonkyo shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 蹲踞される | そんきょされる | sonkyo sareru |
| Causative | 蹲踞させる 蹲踞さす | そんきょさせる そんきょさす | sonkyo saseru sonkyo sasu |
| Potential | 蹲踞できる | そんきょできる | sonkyo dekiru |
| Volitional | 蹲踞しよう | そんきょしよう | sonkyo shiyō |
| Negative | 蹲踞しない | そんきょしない | sonkyo shinai |
| Negative continuative | 蹲踞せず | そんきょせず | sonkyo sezu |
| Formal | 蹲踞します | そんきょします | sonkyo shimasu |
| Perfective | 蹲踞した | そんきょした | sonkyo shita |
| Conjunctive | 蹲踞して | そんきょして | sonkyo shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 蹲踞すれば | そんきょすれば | sonkyo sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 蹲踞し | そんこし | sonko shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 蹲踞し | そんこし | sonko shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 蹲踞する | そんこする | sonko suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 蹲踞する | そんこする | sonko suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 蹲踞すれ | そんこすれ | sonko sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 蹲踞せよ¹ 蹲踞しろ² | そんこせよ¹ そんこしろ² | sonko seyo¹ sonko shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 蹲踞される | そんこされる | sonko sareru |
| Causative | 蹲踞させる 蹲踞さす | そんこさせる そんこさす | sonko saseru sonko sasu |
| Potential | 蹲踞できる | そんこできる | sonko dekiru |
| Volitional | 蹲踞しよう | そんこしよう | sonko shiyō |
| Negative | 蹲踞しない | そんこしない | sonko shinai |
| Negative continuative | 蹲踞せず | そんこせず | sonko sezu |
| Formal | 蹲踞します | そんこします | sonko shimasu |
| Perfective | 蹲踞した | そんこした | sonko shita |
| Conjunctive | 蹲踞して | そんこして | sonko shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 蹲踞すれば | そんこすれば | sonko sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 蹲 | 踞 |
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| irregular ||
* Alternative spelling
* 蹲
The 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 蹲(つくば)う (tsukubau).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つくばい [tsùkúbáí] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) つくばい [tsùkúbáꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [t͡sɨ̥kɯ̟ba̠i]

#### Noun

蹲踞(つくばい) • (tsukubai)
* tsukubai (small basin used in Buddhist ritual ablution and before the tea ceremony)

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN