# 憂傷
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yōushāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ ㄕㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jau$^1$ soeng$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yû-sông
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iu-siong / iu-siang
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yōushāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ ㄕㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: youshang
*** Wade–Giles: yu$^1$-shang$^1$
*** Yale: yōu-shāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ioushang
*** Palladius: юшан (jušan)
*** Sinological IPA : /joʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^1$ soeng$^1$
*** Yale: yāu sēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^1$ soeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^1$ sêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯⁵⁵ sœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû-sông
*** Hakka Romanization System: iu$^ˊ$ song$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^1$ song$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû-sông
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu$^ˊ$ song$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^1$ song$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu-siong
*** Tâi-lô: iu-siong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iusiofng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iu³³ siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iu⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu-siang
*** Tâi-lô: iu-siang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iusiafng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu⁴⁴⁻²² siaŋ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: 'juw syang
Rime :
| Character | 憂 | 傷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於求切 | 式羊切 |
| Baxter | 'juw | syang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨu/ | /ɕɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiu/ | /ɕiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiəu/ | /ɕiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔuw/ | /ɕɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiu/ | /ɕiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭəu/ | /ɕĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ə̯u/ | /ɕi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yōu | shāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jau$^1$ | soeng$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)u l̥aŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qu hljaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 憂 | 傷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yōu | shāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjuw › | ‹ syang › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔ(r)u/ | /*l̥aŋ/ |
| English | grief, grieved | wound |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 憂 | 傷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 15493 | 14581 |
| Phonetic component | 憂 | 昜 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 憂 | 商 |
| Old Chinese | /*qu/ | /*hljaŋ/ |

### Adjective

憂傷
* distressed; laden with grief; sad

#### Synonyms

* 京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
* 傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
* 傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
* 傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
* 傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
* 傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
* 傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
* 刺心 (cìxīn)
* 哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
* 哀切 (āiqiè)
* 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
* 哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
* 哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
* 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
* 哀痛 (āitòng)
* 心酸 (xīnsuān)
* 怛傷／怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
* 悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
* 悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
* 情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
* 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
* 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
* 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
* 悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
* 悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
* 悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
* 悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
* 悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
* 悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
* 悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
* 悲戚 (bēiqī)
* 悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
* 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
* 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
* 悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
* 悲痛 (bēitòng)
* 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
* 感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
* 愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
* 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
* 惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
* 愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
* 慘／惨 (cǎn)
* 慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
* 憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
* 憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
* 慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
* 憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
* 懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
* 沉痛 (chéntòng)
* 淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
* 淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
* 淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
* 淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
* 淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
* 淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
* 痛心 (tòngxīn)
* 艱苦心／艰苦心 (Hokkien)
* 蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
* 酸心 (suānxīn)
* 難受／难受 (nánshòu)
* 難過／难过 (nánguò)
* 青凊 (Hokkien)
* 黯然 (ànrán)