# 釋迦牟尼
## Chinese

| | | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic |
| trad. (釋迦牟尼) | trad. (釋迦牟尼) | 釋 | 迦 | 牟 | 尼 |
| simp. (释迦牟尼) | simp. (释迦牟尼) | 释 | 迦 | 牟 | 尼 |
| alternative forms | alternative forms | 釋迦文尼／释迦文尼 | 釋迦文尼／释迦文尼 | 釋迦文尼／释迦文尼 | 釋迦文尼／释迦文尼 |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाक्यमुनि (Śākyamuni, “sage of the Śākyas”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Shìjiāmóuní
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄇㄡˊ ㄋㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sik$^1$ gaa$^1$ mau$^4$ nei$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Sit-kâ-mèu-nì
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Sek-khia-mô͘-nî
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Shìjiāmóuní
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄇㄡˊ ㄋㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Shìhjiamóuní
*** Wade–Giles: Shih$^4$-chia$^1$-mou$^2$-ni$^2$
*** Yale: Shr̀-jyā-móu-ní
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shyhjiamouni
*** Palladius: Шицзямоуни (Šiczjamouni)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ moʊ̯³⁵ ni³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sik$^1$ gaa$^1$ mau$^4$ nei$^4$
*** Yale: sīk gā màuh nèih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sik$^7$ gaa$^1$ mau$^4$ nei$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xig$^1$ ga$^1$ meo$^4$ néi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪk̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵ mɐu̯²¹ nei̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sit-kâ-mèu-nì
*** Hakka Romanization System: xid$^ˋ$ ga$^ˊ$ meu$^ˇ$ ni$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xid$^5$ ga$^1$ meu$^2$ ni$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sit̚² ka²⁴ meu̯¹¹ ni¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sek-khia-mô͘-nî
*** Tâi-lô: Sik-khia-môo-nî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sekqiamonii
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ mɔ̃²³⁻³³ nĩ²³/
* Middle Chinese: syek kja mjuw nrij
Rime :
| Character | 釋 | 迦 | 牟 | 尼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 見 (28) | 明 (4) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 昔 (123) | 戈 (96) | 尤 (136) | 脂 (17) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 施隻切 | 居伽切 | 莫浮切 | 女夷切 |
| Baxter | syek | kja | mjuw | nrij |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕiᴇk̚/ | /kɨɑ/ | /mɨu/ | /ɳˠiɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiɛk̚/ | /kiɑ/ | /miu/ | /ɳᵚi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕiæk̚/ | /kiɑ/ | /miəu/ | /niɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕiajk̚/ | /kɨa/ | /muw/ | /ɳji/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiɛk̚/ | /kiɑ/ | /miu/ | /nji/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭɛk̚/ | /kǐɑ/ | /mĭəu/ | /ni/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɕi̯ɛk̚/ | /ki̯ɑ/ | /mi̯ə̯u/ | /ni/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shi | jiē | móu | ní |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sik$^1$ | ge$^1$ | mau$^4$ | nei$^4$ |

### Proper noun

釋迦牟尼
* (Buddhism) Śākyamuni; Gautama Buddha
    Synonyms: 釋迦文／释迦文 (Shìjiāwén), 能仁 (Néngrén)

#### Synonyms

* 佛陀 (Fótuó)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 釈(シャ)迦(カ)牟(ム)尼(ニ) (Shakamuni)
* → Korean: 석가모니(釋迦牟尼) (Seokgamoni)
* → Vietnamese: Thích-ca Mâu-ni (釋迦牟尼)

### Further reading

* Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “釋迦牟尼” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 釋 | 迦 | 牟 | 尼 |
| しゃく > しゃ Hyōgai | か Jinmeiyō | む Jinmeiyō | に Grade: S |
| irregular | kan'on | goon | goon |

### Proper noun

釋(しゃ)迦(か)牟(む)尼(に) or 釋迦牟尼(シャカムニ) • (Shakamuni)
* (Buddhism) Kyūjitai form of 釈迦牟尼 (Śākyamuni)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 釋 | 迦 | 牟 | 尼 |

### Proper noun

釋迦牟尼 • (Seokgamoni) (hangeul 석가모니)
* hanja form of 석가모니 (“Sakyamuni”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 釋 | 迦 | 牟 | 尼 |

### Proper noun

釋迦牟尼
* chữ Hán form of Thích-ca Mâu-ni (“Sakyamuni”).