# 幽默
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yōumò
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ ㄇㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jau$^1$ mak$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yû-me̍t
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iu-bia̍k / iu-be̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hiun$^1$ mig$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ieu-meq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yōumò
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ ㄇㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: youmò
*** Wade–Giles: yu$^1$-mo$^4$
*** Yale: yōu-mwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ioumoh
*** Palladius: юмо (jumo)
*** Sinological IPA : /joʊ̯⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^1$ mak$^6$
*** Yale: yāu mahk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^1$ mak$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^1$ meg$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯⁵⁵ mɐk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû-me̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: iu$^ˊ$ med
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^1$ med$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ met̚⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû-me̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu$^ˊ$ med
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^1$ med$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ met̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu-bia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: iu-bia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iu'biak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iu³³ biak̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu-be̍k
*** Tâi-lô: iu-bi̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iu'bek
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu⁴⁴⁻²² biɪk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iu⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iu⁴⁴⁻²² biɪk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hiun$^1$ mig$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiuⁿ mi̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /hĩũ³³⁻²³ mik̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ieu-meq
*** MiniDict: ieu$^平$ meh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ieu-meq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɤ⁵⁵ məʔ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: 'jiw mok
Rime :
| Character | 幽 | 默 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 幽 (138) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 於虯切 | 莫北切 |
| Baxter | 'jiw | mok |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔiɪu/ | /mək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɨu/ | /mək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔieu/ | /mək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔjiw/ | /mək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiĕu/ | /mək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /iəu/ | /mək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔieu/ | /mək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yōu | mò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jau$^1$ | mak$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qɯw mlɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 幽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yōu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjiw › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ʔ](r)iw/ |
| English | dark; secluded |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 幽 | 默 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14620 | 5107 |
| Phonetic component | 幽 | 黑 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 幽 | 墨 |
| Old Chinese | /*qɯw/ | /*mlɯːɡ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文從火從二幺會意火微 | |

### Etymology 1

Of native origin, as the combination of 幽 (yōu, “dark”) and 默 (mò, “quiet”); attested in the Chu Ci (《楚辭·九章·懷沙》).
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Xuàn xī yǎoyǎo, kǒng jìng yōumò. [Pinyin]
    Wherever I see, it is dark and empty, amid total silence.

#### Adjective

幽默
* (archaic) quiet; tranquil

### Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of English humor, by linguist Lin Yutang in 1924.

#### Adjective

幽默
* humorous

##### Synonyms

* 古味 (Hakka)
* 古怪 (Hakka)
* 可笑 (kěxiào)
* 好笑 (hǎoxiào)
* 搞笑 (gǎoxiào)
* 滑稽
* 詼諧／诙谐 (huīxié)
* 風趣／风趣 (fēngqù)

#### Noun

幽默
* humor; hilarity

#### Derived terms

* 幽默感 (yōumògǎn)
* 黑色幽默 (hēisè yōumò)