# 歃

| 歃 | U+6B43, &#27459; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B43 |
| ← 歂 [U+6B42] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 歄 → [U+6B44] |

## Translingual
### Han character

歃 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹難弓人 (HXNO) or 一難弓 (MXN), four-corner 2778$_2$, composition ⿰臿欠)
* smear one's mouth with blood of a victim when taking an oath

#### Derived characters

* 𬋐

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 570, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16131
* Dae Jaweon: page 958, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2146, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6B43

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 偛 | *ʔsreːb |
| 插 | *sʰreːb |
| 鍤 | *sʰreːb, *r̥ʰeb |
| 臿 | *sʰreːb |
| 喢 | *sʰreːb, *sreːb, *sreb, *l̥ʰjeb |
| 牐 | *zreːb |
| 歃 | *sreːb, *sreb |
| 敮 | *hreːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreːb, *sreb) : phonetic 臿 (OC *sʰreːb) + semantic 欠 (“to yawn”).

### Etymology

Compare Khmer ស្រោប (sraop, “to plate; to cover”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *sapᴴ (“to rub; to stroke”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shà (sha$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saap$^3$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): sab$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhap / sap / sa̍p
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cah$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shà
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shà
*** Wade–Giles: sha$^4$
*** Yale: shà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shah
*** Palladius: ша (ša)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saap$^3$
*** Yale: saap
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saap$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sab$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːp̚³/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sab$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /sap̚¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhap
*** Tâi-lô: tshap
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhab
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰap̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰap̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sap
*** Tâi-lô: sap
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sab
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sap̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sap̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sa̍p
*** Tâi-lô: sa̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sap
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sap̚²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cah$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshah
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaʔ²/
* Middle Chinese: srjep, sreap
Rime :
| Character | 歃 | 歃 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 葉 (156) | 洽 (152) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | II |
| Fanqie | 山輒切 | 山洽切 |
| Baxter | srjep | sreap |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠiᴇp̚/ | /ʃˠɛp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚiɛp̚/ | /ʃᵚæp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃiæp̚/ | /ʃɐp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂjiap̚/ | /ʂəɨp̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃjɛp̚/ | /ʃɐp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃĭɛp̚/ | /ʃɐp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʂi̯ɛp̚/ | /ʂăp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | she | sha |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sip$^3$ | saap$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s](ˤ)r[o]p/, /*[s]r[o]p/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sreːb/, /*sreb/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 歃 | 歃 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shà | shà |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ srɛp › | ‹ srjep › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s](ˁ)r[o]p/ | /*[s]r[o]p/ |
| English | smear mouth with victim"s blood | smear mouth with blood |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 歃 | 歃 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1196 | 1200 |
| Phonetic component | 臿 | 臿 |
| Rime group | 盍 | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 霎 | 萐 |
| Old Chinese | /*sreːb/ | /*sreb/ |

### Definitions

歃
* (literary) to drink (blood); to suck (blood); to smear (blood) on the mouth
    歃血 ― shàxuè ― to smear the mouth with the blood of a sacrifice
* (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to eat (snacks, etc. in an undignified manner)
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien, of animals) to eat; to feed

#### Synonyms

* (to feed): 吃食 (chīshi)

### Compounds

* 歃仔
* 歃仔仙
* 歃血 (shàxuè)
* 歃血為盟／歃血为盟 (shàxuèwéiméng)
* 歃血為誓／歃血为誓
* 歃血而盟
* 開堂歃血／开堂歃血

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to sip, slurp, suck

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): そう (sō)、しょう (shō)、こう (kō)
* Kun: すする (susuru)

## Korean
### Hanja

歃 • (sap) (hangeul 삽, revised sap, McCune–Reischauer sap, Yale sap)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

歃: Hán Nôm readings: sáp, khảm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.