# 因而
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yīn'ér
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣ ㄦˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^1$ ji$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): in-lî / in-jî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ing$^1$ re$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$in-gher
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīn'ér
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣ ㄦˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yin-ér
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^1$-êrh$^2$
*** Yale: yīn-ér
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: inerl
*** Palladius: иньэр (inʹer)
*** Sinological IPA : /in⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^1$ ji$^4$
*** Yale: yān yìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^1$ ji$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^1$ yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn⁵⁵ jiː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in-lî
*** Tâi-lô: in-lî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: inlii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /in⁴⁴⁻²² li²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ li²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /in³³ li²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in-jî
*** Tâi-lô: in-jî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: injii
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ zi²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /in⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zi¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ing$^1$ re$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ing jṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ³³⁻²³ d͡zɯ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$in-gher
*** MiniDict: in$^平$ r
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$in-hher
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in⁵⁵ ɦəl²¹/
* Middle Chinese: 'jin nyi
Rime :
| Character | 因 | 而 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於眞切 | 如之切 |
| Baxter | 'jin | nyi |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔiɪn/ | /ȵɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔin/ | /ȵɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔjen/ | /ȵʑie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔin/ | /ȵɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiĕn/ | /ȵiə/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭĕn/ | /ȵʑĭə/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ĕn/ | /ȵʑi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yīn | ér |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jan$^1$ | ji$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔi[n] nə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qin njɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 因 | 而 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yīn | ér |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjin › | ‹ nyi › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔi[n]/ | /*nə/ |
| English | rely on | and, but |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 因 | 而 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 15176 | 2720 |
| Phonetic component | 因 | 而 |
| Rime group | 眞 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 因 | 而 |
| Old Chinese | /*qin/ | /*njɯ/ |
| Notes | 甲文象人臥於茵席， 爲茵初文 | |

### Conjunction

因而
* thus; consequently; as a result; so

#### Synonyms

* 乃末 (Shanghainese)
* 以故 (yǐgù) (Classical Chinese)
* 以是 (yǐshì) (Classical Chinese)
* 因此 (yīncǐ)
* 從而／从而 (cóng'ér)
* 所以
* 故 (gù) (literary)
* 故此 (gùcǐ)
* 故而 (gù'ér)
* 於是／于是 (yúshì)
* 於是乎／于是乎 (yúshìhū) (literary)
* 是以 (shìyǐ) (literary)
* 是故 (shìgù) (literary)
* 此以 (cǐyǐ) (literary)
* 為此／为此 (wèicǐ)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 是以, 是故, 故, 以, 以是, 以故 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 所以, 因此, 因而, 故, 故此, 故而 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 所以 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 所以 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 所以 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 所以 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 所以, 故此 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 所以 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 所以 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 故是 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 所以, 故此 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 故所, 所以 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 故所, 所以, 故所以 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 所以 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 所以 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 所以, 故所 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 所以 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 所以上 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 故此 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 故此 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 所以 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 所以 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 所以 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 所以 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 所以 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 所以 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 所以 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 所以 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 所以, 咾, 葛咾, 因此, 故所以 dated, 故而 dated, 所以緣故 dated, 為此緣故 dated, 因此緣故 dated |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 故所以 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 故所以 |