# astoņi
## Latvian
### Etymology

From a previous undeclinable *aštuo- (changed by analogy with septiņi, deviņi), from Proto-Baltic *aśtṓ, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw (“eight”), apparently from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed, angular”) (compare ass (“sharp”)): this number was associated with the stretched fingers of both hands (without the thumb), i.e., 8 tips, points. There is some evidence that the original meaning of this word was 4 rather than 8, i.e., 4 stretched fingers of one hand (without the thumb). Cognates include Lithuanian aštuonì, Old Prussian asmus (“eighth”), Old Church Slavonic осмь (osmĭ), Russian во́семь (vósemʹ), Belarusian во́сем (vósjem), Ukrainian ві́сім (vísim), Bulgarian о́съм (ósǎm), Czech osm, Polish ośm, Gothic 𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌿 (ahtau), Old High German ahto, German acht, English eight, Proto-Scythian *aštā́, Sanskrit अष्ट (aṣṭá), Ancient Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ), Latin octo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɑstuo̯ɲi]
* Audio:(file)

### Numeral

astoņi
* eight (the cipher, the cardinal number eight)
    skaitīt līdz astoņi ― to count to eight
    četri un četri ir astoņi ― four plus four is eight
    uzrakstīt uz tāfeles astoņi ― to write an eight on the blackboard
    pie pieciem pielikt astoņus ― to add eight to four
* eight (an amount equal to eight)
    astoņi cilvēki ― eight people
    sastapties pēc astoņiem gadiem ― to meet (someone) after eight years
    samaksāt astoņus latus ― to pay eight lats
    astoņus gadus veca meitene ― an eight-year-old girl
* eight o'clock (a moment in time; eight hours after midnight, or after noon)
    pulkstenis ir astoņi ― it is eight o'clock
    celties astoņos no rīta ― to get up at eight o'clock in the morning
    izrāde sākas astoņos vakarā ― the show begins at eight o'clock in the evening
    bibliotēka bija atvērta līdz astoņiem vakarā ― the library was open until eight o'clock in the evening

#### Coordinate terms

| | —0 | —1 | —2 | —3 | —4 | —5 | —6 | —7 | —8 | —9 |
| 0— | nulle | viens | divi | trīs | četri | pieci | seši | septiņi | astoņi | deviņi |
| 1— | desmit | vienpadsmit | divpadsmit | trīspadsmit | četrpadsmit | piecpadsmit | sešpadsmit | septiņpadsmit | astoņpadsmit | deviņpadsmit |
| 2— | divdesmit | divdesmit viens | divdesmit divi | divdesmit trīs | divdesmit četri | divdesmit pieci | divdesmit seši | divdesmit septiņi | divdesmit astoņi | divdesmit deviņi |
| 3— | trīsdesmit | trīsdesmit viens | trīsdesmit divi | trīsdesmit trīs | trīsdesmit četri | trīsdesmit pieci | trīsdesmit seši | trīsdesmit septiņi | trīsdesmit astoņi | trīsdesmit deviņi |
| 4— | četrdesmit | četrdesmit viens | četrdesmit divi | četrdesmit trīs | četrdesmit četri | četrdesmit pieci | četrdesmit seši | četrdesmit septiņi | četrdesmit astoņi | četrdesmit deviņi |
| 5— | piecdesmit | piecdesmit viens | piecdesmit divi | piecdesmit trīs | piecdesmit četri | piecdesmit pieci | piecdesmit seši | piecdesmit septiņi | piecdesmit astoņi | piecdesmit deviņi |
| 6— | sešdesmit | sešdesmit viens | sešdesmit divi | sešdesmit trīs | sešdesmit četri | sešdesmit pieci | sešdesmit seši | sešdesmit septiņi | sešdesmit astoņi | sešdesmit deviņi |
| 7— | septiņdesmit | septiņdesmit viens | septiņdesmit divi | septiņdesmit trīs | septiņdesmit četri | septiņdesmit pieci | septiņdesmit seši | septiņdesmit septiņi | septiņdesmit astoņi | septiņdesmit deviņi |
| 8— | astoņdesmit | astoņdesmit viens | astoņdesmit divi | astoņdesmit trīs | astoņdesmit četri | astoņdesmit pieci | astoņdesmit seši | astoņdesmit septiņi | astoņdesmit astoņi | astoņdesmit deviņi |
| 9— | deviņdesmit | deviņdesmit viens | deviņdesmit divi | deviņdesmit trīs | deviņdesmit četri | deviņdesmit pieci | deviņdesmit seši | deviņdesmit septiņi | deviņdesmit astoņi | deviņdesmit deviņi |

#### See also

* skaitlis

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “astoņi”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN