# 風流
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fēngliú
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄥ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fung$^1$ lau$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûng-liù
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hong-liû
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^1$ liu$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēngliú
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄥ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fonglióu
*** Wade–Giles: fêng$^1$-liu$^2$
*** Yale: fēng-lyóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fengliou
*** Palladius: фэнлю (fɛnlju)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɤŋ⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fung$^1$ lau$^4$
*** Yale: fūng làuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fung$^1$ lau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fung$^1$ leo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊŋ⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûng-liù
*** Hakka Romanization System: fung$^ˊ$ liu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fung$^1$ liu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fuŋ²⁴ li̯u¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-liû
*** Tâi-lô: hong-liû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongliuu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liu¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liu²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^1$ liu$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang liû
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ³³⁻²³ liu⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: pjuwng ljuw
Rime :
| Character | 風 | 流 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 方戎切 | 力求切 |
| Baxter | pjuwng | ljuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨuŋ/ | /lɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piuŋ/ | /liu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuŋ/ | /liəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puwŋ/ | /luw/ |
| Li Rong | /piuŋ/ | /liu/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭuŋ/ | /lĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pi̯uŋ/ | /li̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fēng | liú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fung$^1$ | lau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*prəm ru/
    (Zhengzhang): /*plum ru/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 風 | 流 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fēng | liú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjuwng › | ‹ ljuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*prəm/ | /*ru/ |
| English | wind (n.) | flow (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 風 | 流 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2921 | 8335 |
| Phonetic component | 凡 | 流 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 風 | 劉 |
| Old Chinese | /*plum/ | /*ru/ |
| Notes | | 或爲毓省聲 |

### Adjective

風流
* distinguished and admirable; elegant and tasteful
    From: c. 766, Du Fu (杜甫), Poetic Thoughts on Ancient Sites, II (《詠懷古跡·二》). English translation by Witter Bynner.
    Yáoluò shēnzhī Sòng Yù bēi, fēngliú rúyǎ yì wú shī. [Pinyin]
    "Decay and decline": deep knowledge have I of Sung Yu's grief. Romantic and refined, he too is my teacher.
* talented and unrestrained; outstanding
    From: 1088, Su Shi (蘇軾), By the Red Cliffs (《念奴嬌·赤壁懷古》)
    Dàjiāng dōngqù, làng táo jìn, qiāngǔ fēngliú rénwù. [Pinyin]
    Roaring eastward, the Great River, Billowing like the force Of Time, surges — whose test a true hero has stood.
* amorous; romantic; relating to affairs
    風流韻事／风流韵事 ― fēngliúyùnshì ― love affair
* loose; dissolute; licentious; promiscuous

### Noun

風流
* (figurative) (literally, "wind and flow")
** influence
    From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
    Zìzī yǐjiàng, fēngliú mí fán. [Pinyin]
    The influences (of ancient hermits) have only increased since those days.
** customs; social mores
    From: Huainanzi, 2nd century BCE
    Wǎn shì fēngliú sú bài, shìyù duō, lǐyì fèi, jūnchén xiāngqī, fùzǐ xiāngyí. [Pinyin]
    In (this) most recent stage of history, customs degenerate. Lust and craving go unchecked, while propriety and justice are abandoned. Rulers and subjects stab each other in the back, while fathers and sons keep an eye on each other's treachery.
** manners; conducts; way of life
    From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
    Yú gù liè qí fēngliú, qū ér zài zhī. [Pinyin]
    Therefore I will go on to narrate their (distinguished) ways of life, each as his own record in history.
    From: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5th century CE
    Rán méntíng xiāojì, jūrán yǒu míngshì fēngliú. [Pinyin]
    Despite his solitude and meagre means, he nevertheless conducts himself in the ways of a nobleman.
** artistic style; taste; character (of works of art)
    From: c. 3rd century, Ji Kang (嵇康), Ode to the Qin (《琴賦》)
    Qí tǐzhì fēngliú, mò bù xiāngxí. [Pinyin]
    Their forms and styles evolve, Informed by each other.

### Derived terms

* 一代風流／一代风流
* 俊俏風流／俊俏风流
* 名士風流／名士风流
* 品貌風流／品貌风流
* 嬝娜風流／袅娜风流
* 富貴風流／富贵风流
* 放誕風流／放诞风流
* 文采風流
* 有咁耐風流，有咁耐折墮／有咁耐风流，有咁耐折堕 (Cantonese)
* 瀟灑風流／潇洒风流
* 牡丹花下死，做鬼也風流／牡丹花下死，做鬼也风流 (mǔdānhuā xià sǐ, zuòguǐ yě fēngliú)
* 老風流／老风流
* 舉止風流／举止风流
* 賣風流／卖风流
* 雲散風流／云散风流
* 風流事／风流事
* 風流人物／风流人物
* 風流佳事／风流佳事
* 風流俊俏／风流俊俏
* 風流倜儻／风流倜傥 (fēngliútìtǎng)
* 風流債／风流债
* 風流儒雅／风流儒雅
* 風流冤孽／风流冤孽
* 風流冤業／风流冤业
* 風流別致／风流别致
* 風流千古／风流千古
* 風流博浪／风流博浪
* 風流婉轉／风流婉转
* 風流子／风流子
* 風流家數／风流家数
* 風流宰相／风流宰相
* 風流快活／风流快活
* 風流才子／风流才子
* 風流標致／风流标致
* 風流瀟灑／风流潇洒
* 風流爾雅／风流尔雅
* 風流班首／风流班首
* 風流瘡／风流疮
* 風流策／风流策
* 風流罪／风流罪
* 風流罪過／风流罪过
* 風流自賞／风流自赏
* 風流蘊藉／风流蕴借
* 風流話靶／风流话靶
* 風流調法／风流调法
* 風流醞藉／风流酝借
* 風流錢／风流钱
* 風流陣／风流阵
* 風流雨散／风流雨散
* 風流雲散／风流云散 (fēngliúyúnsàn)
* 風流韻事／风流韵事 (fēngliú yùnshì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 風 | 流 |
| ふう Grade: 2 | りゅう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

風(ふう)流(りゅう) • (fūryū)
* elegance, refinement, grace
    彼(かれ)は風流(ふうりゅう)を解(かい)しない。
       Kare wa fūryū o kaishinai.
       He does not appreciate elegance.

### Adjective

風(ふう)流(りゅう) • (fūryū) -na (adnominal 風(ふう)流(りゅう)な (fūryū na), adverbial 風(ふう)流(りゅう)に (fūryū ni))
* elegant, refined, tasteful

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 風 | 流 |

### Adjective

風流
* chữ Hán form of phong lưu (“smart; elegant”).