OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 傲氣十足
## Chinese

| | | arrogant; haughty; haughtinessarrogant; haughty; haughtiness; air of arrogance | complete; utter; pure |
| trad. (傲氣十足) | trad. (傲氣十足) | 傲氣 | 十足 |
| simp. (傲气十足) | simp. (傲气十足) | 傲气 | 十足 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): àoqìshízú
    (Zhuyin): ㄠˋ ㄑㄧˋ ㄕˊ ㄗㄨˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: àoqìshízú
*** Zhuyin: ㄠˋ ㄑㄧˋ ㄕˊ ㄗㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: àocìshíhzú
*** Wade–Giles: ao$^4$-chʻi$^4$-shih$^2$-tsu$^2$
*** Yale: àu-chì-shŕ-dzú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: awchihshyrtzwu
*** Palladius: аоцишицзу (aocišiczu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

### Idiom

傲氣十足
* full of arrogance; extremely haughty
# 离子通道
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 离子通道 – see 離子通道 (“ion channel”). (This term is the simplified form of 離子通道).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 离岸价
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 离岸价 – see 離岸價 (“free on board; freight on board”). (This term is the simplified form of 離岸價).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 精濟
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): cheng-chè
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-chè
*** Tâi-lô: tsing-tsè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zengzex
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/

### Adjective

精濟
* (Xiamen Hokkien) wearing neat and clean clothes
* (Xiamen Hokkien) clever; smart; quick-witted (of a child)

#### Synonyms

* (clever):
* 乖巧 (guāiqiǎo)
* 了了 (liǎoliǎo) (literary)
* 伶俐 (línglì)
* 奢遮 (Wu, of a child)
* 宿鬼 (Hokkien)
* 性靈／性灵 (xìnglíng) (literary)
* 敏慧 (mǐnhuì)
* 明慧 (mínghuì)
* 明智 (míngzhì)
* 機敏／机敏 (jīmǐn)
* 機智／机智 (jīzhì)
* 機穎／机颖 (literary)
* 機警／机警 (jījǐng)
* 機靈／机灵
* 活絡／活络 (Wu)
* 睿智 (ruìzhì)
* 穎異／颖异 (yǐngyì) (formal)
* 精靈／精灵 (jīnglíng)
* 精齊／精齐 (Hokkien, of a child)
* 聰慧／聪慧 (cōnghuì)
* 聰敏／聪敏 (cōngmǐn)
* 聰明／聪明 (cōngmíng)
* 聰穎／聪颖 (cōngyǐng) (formal)
* 英明 (yīngmíng)
* 調皮／调皮 (tiáopí)
* 靈／灵 (líng)
* 靈光／灵光 ($^6$lin-kuaon) (Wu)
* 鬼 (guǐ) (informal)
# 精煉
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīngliàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄌㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zing$^1$ lin$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): cheng-liān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng$^1$ liang$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīngliàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄌㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jingliàn
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^1$-lien$^4$
*** Yale: jīng-lyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingliann
*** Palladius: цзинлянь (czinljanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ li̯ɛn⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$精煉／精炼 精練／精练
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zing$^1$ lin$^6$
*** Yale: jīng lihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzing$^1$ lin$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jing$^1$ lin$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ liːn²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-liān
*** Tâi-lô: tsing-liān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zenglien
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³ liɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zêng$^1$ liang$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng liāng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seŋ³³⁻²³ liaŋ¹¹/

### Verb

精煉
* (metallurgy) to refine; to purify

#### Derived terms

* 精煉廠／精炼厂 (jīngliànchǎng)

### Adjective

精煉
* Alternative form of 精練／精练 (jīngliàn, “concise; succinct; terse; capable”)
* refined; polished
       guīhuà jí jīngliàn de xiāoshòu liúchéng [Pinyin]
       to plan an extremely refined sales process
# 借殼
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jièké
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄎㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ze$^3$ hok$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jièké
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄎㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jièké
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^4$-kʻo$^2$
*** Yale: jyè-ké
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiehker
*** Palladius: цзекэ (czekɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ kʰɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ze$^3$ hok$^3$
*** Yale: je hok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dze$^3$ hok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zé$^3$ hog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛː³³ hɔːk̚³/

### Verb

借殼
* (finance) to borrow or acquire a shell
# 立て付け
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 立 | 付 |
| た Grade: 1 | つ Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 立て付け – see the following entry. :
| 【たてつけ】 | [noun] the way furniture opens [verb] stem of たてつける (tatetsukeru) Alternative spelling 建て付け |
(This term, 立て付け, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# 個人主義
## Chinese

| | | personal; individual | doctrine; ideology; -ismdoctrine; ideology; -ism; position; stance |
| trad. (個人主義) | trad. (個人主義) | 個人 | 主義 |
| simp. (个人主义) | simp. (个人主义) | 个人 | 主义 |
* 個人主義

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gèrén zhǔyì
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): go$^3$ jan$^4$ zyu$^2$ ji$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gèrén zhǔyì
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gèrén jhǔyì
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^4$-jên$^2$ chu$^3$-i$^4$
*** Yale: gè-rén jǔ-yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gehren juuyih
*** Palladius: гэжэнь чжуи (gɛžɛnʹ čžui)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: go$^3$ jan$^4$ zyu$^2$ ji$^6$
*** Yale: go yàhn jyú yih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: go$^3$ jan$^4$ dzy$^2$ ji$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: go$^3$ yen$^4$ ju$^2$ yi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔː³³ jɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

### Noun

個人主義
* individualism
    近代個人主義／近代个人主义 ― jìndài gerénzhǔyì ― modern individualism

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 個 | 人 | 主 | 義 |
| こ Grade: 5 | じん Grade: 1 | しゅ Grade: 3 | ぎ Grade: 5 |
| tōon | kan'on | kan'on | on'yomi |

### Etymology

Compound of 個(こ)人(じん) (kojin, “individual”) + 主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (-shugi, “-ism”), a calque of English individual.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こじんしゅぎ [kòjíń shúꜜgì] (Nakadaka – [4])
* IPA: [ko̞ʑiɰ̃ ɕɨɡʲi]

### Noun

個(こ)人(じん)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) • (kojin shugi)
* individualism
    Antonym: 全体主義 (zentai shugi)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 個 | 人 | 主 | 義 |

### Noun

個人主義 • (gaeinjuui) (hangeul 개인주의)
* hanja form of 개인주의 (“individualism”)
# 管絃樂
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 管絃樂 – see 管弦樂 (“orchestral music”). (This term is a variant form of 管弦樂).
# 偷天换日
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 偷天换日 – see 偷天換日 (“to stealthily change the contents or substitute one thing with another”). (This term is the simplified form of 偷天換日).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 種子島
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 種 | 子 | 島 |
| たね | たね | しま Grade: 3 |
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 1 | しま Grade: 3 |
| jukujikun | jukujikun | kun'yomi |
* Alternative spellings
* 種が島 (“matchlock”) 多禰島 (“Tanegashima island”, rare, historical) 多禰嶋 (“Tanegashima island”, rare, historical)

### Etymology

Analyzable as a compound of 種 (tane, “seed”) +‎ が (ga, ancient genitive or possessive particle) +‎ 島 (shima, “island”).
The 種子 spelling for the tane portion is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), using the spelling from a Chinese-derived synonym.
First mentioned in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the spelling 多禰嶋, where 多禰 (tane) appears to be a phonetic spelling of 種 (tane, “seed”), and 嶋 is an alternative form of 島 (shima, “island”).
The matchlock sense arose as an abbreviation of either 種子島銃 (Tanegashima jū, literally “Tanegashima gun”) or 種子島鉄砲 (Tanegashima teppō, literally “Tanegashima cannon”), which names arose due to matchlocks first being imported to Japan by the Portuguese in 1543, via the island of Tanegashima.
This sense is first cited to a text from 1607, but it was likely in use before this date.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たねがしま [tànégáꜜshìmà] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [ta̠ne̞ɡa̠ɕima̠]

### Noun

種子島(たねがしま) • (tanegashima)
* [from 1607] 種が島: matchlock
    Synonyms: 火縄銃 (hinawa jū, literally “fire-rope gun”), 種子島銃 (Tanegashima jū, literally “Tanegashima gun”), 種子島鉄砲 (Tanegashima teppō, literally “Tanegashima cannon”)
* [from 1573] a kind of fragrant aloeswood used for incense
* [from 1700s] (slang, archaic) fugu (so named for the way that poorly-prepared fugu is deadly, like a matchlock)
    Synonyms: 河豚 (fugu), 鉄砲 (teppō, literally “cannon”)

### Proper noun

種子島(たねがしま) • (Tanegashima)
* [from 720] 多禰島, 多禰嶋: Tanegashima (an island in Kagoshima Prefecture)
* [from 1300s] a surname

### References

* ↑ “種子島”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
# 紅果果
## Chinese
### Etymology

Humorous rendition of 赤裸裸 (chìluǒluǒ), using synonyms (赤 and 紅 both mean “red”) and similar-looking characters (裸 ~ 果) to bypass websites' censorship of texts containing the character 裸 (luǒ, “naked”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hóngguǒguǒ
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄨㄛˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hóngguǒguǒ [Phonetic: hóngguóguǒ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄨㄛˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hóngguǒguǒ
*** Wade–Giles: hung$^2$-kuo$^3$-kuo$^3$
*** Yale: húng-gwǒ-gwǒ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horngguooguoo
*** Palladius: хунгого (xungogo)
*** Sinological IPA : /xʊŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Adjective

紅果果
* (slang, humorous) Alternative form of 赤裸裸 (chìluǒluǒ, “naked; plain; pure; undisguised”)
# 先入觀
## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 先 | 入 | 觀 |

### Noun

先入觀 • (seonipgwan) (hangeul 선입관)
* hanja form of 선입관 (“preconception; prejudice”)
# 全清
## Chinese

* 全清

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): quánqīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun$^4$ cing$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: quánqīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyuáncing
*** Wade–Giles: chʻüan$^2$-chʻing$^1$
*** Yale: chywán-chīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyuanching
*** Palladius: цюаньцин (cjuanʹcin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cyun$^4$ cing$^1$
*** Yale: chyùhn chīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn$^4$ tsing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qun$^4$ qing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dzjwen tshjeng
Rime :
| Character | 全 | 清 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (78) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 疾緣切 | 七情切 |
| Baxter | dzjwen | tshjeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ziuᴇn/ | /t͡sʰiᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zʷiɛn/ | /t͡sʰiɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zjuæn/ | /t͡sʰiæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zwian/ | /t͡sʰiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ziuɛn/ | /t͡sʰiɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭwɛn/ | /t͡sʰĭɛŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi̯wɛn/ | /t͡sʰi̯ɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | quán | qīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cyun$^4$ | cing$^1$ |

### Adjective

全清
* (Chinese phonetics) of a voiceless unaspirated obstruent

#### Usage notes

In historical Chinese phonology, 全清聲母 refers to the following eleven of the thirty-six initials (三十六字母): 幫 (MC pang), 非 (MC pj+j), 端 (MC twan), 知 (MC trje), 精 (MC tsjeng|tsjengH), 心 (MC sim), 照 (MC tsyewH), 審 (MC syimX), 見 (MC kenH), 影 (MC 'jaengX), and 曉 (MC xewX).

#### Coordinate terms

* 次清 (cìqīng)
* 全濁／全浊 (quánzhuó)
* 次濁／次浊 (cìzhuó)
# 笔下生花
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 笔下生花 – see 筆下生花 (“to begin to show one’s literary brilliance”). (This term is the simplified form of 筆下生花).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 備份
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bèifèn
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ ㄈㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bei$^6$ fan$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phi-fun
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pi$^4$ fun$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pī-hūn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bèifèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ ㄈㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bèifèn
*** Wade–Giles: pei$^4$-fên$^4$
*** Yale: bèi-fèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beyfenn
*** Palladius: бэйфэнь (bɛjfɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /peɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ fən⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$備份／备份 輩分／辈分
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bei$^6$ fan$^6$
*** Yale: beih fahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bei$^6$ fan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: béi$^6$ fen$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pei̯²² fɐn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phi-fun
*** Hakka Romanization System: pi fun
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pi$^4$ fun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵⁵ fun⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pi$^4$ fun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ fun⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pī-hūn
*** Tâi-lô: pī-hūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pixhun
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pi²²⁻²¹ hun²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁴¹⁻²² hun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi²²⁻²¹ hun²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pi³³⁻¹¹ hun³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi³³⁻²¹ hun³³/

### Verb

備份
* to make an extra; to get a spare
* (computing) to back up

### Noun

備份
* extra; spare part
* (computing) backup

#### Synonyms

* (spare part): (Cantonese) 士啤
# 備不住
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bèibuzhù
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ ˙ㄅㄨ ㄓㄨˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bèibuzhù
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ ˙ㄅㄨ ㄓㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bèibůjhù
*** Wade–Giles: pei$^4$-pu$^5$-chu$^4$
*** Yale: bèi-bu-jù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beybujuh
*** Palladius: бэйбучжу (bɛjbučžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /peɪ̯⁵¹ b̥u¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

### Adverb

備不住
* (regional) perhaps; maybe

#### Synonyms

* 也許／也许 (yěxǔ)
* 保不住 (bǎobuzhù) (colloquial)
* 保不定 (bǎobudìng) (colloquial)
* 保不齊／保不齐 (bǎobuqí) (colloquial)
* 凡勢／凡势 (hoān-sè) (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 博定 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 可能 (kěnéng)
* 容許／容许 (róngxǔ) (literary)
* 怕係／怕系 (Hakka)
* 怕是 (pàshì)
* 或者 (huòzhě)
* 或許／或许 (huòxǔ)
* 指不定 (zhǐbùdìng)
* 搞不好 (gǎobùhǎo)
* 歉采 (Hokkien)
* 殼張／壳张 ($^7$khoq-tsan) (Wu, dated)
* 沒準兒／没准儿 (méizhǔnr) (colloquial)
* 興許／兴许 (xīngxǔ) (colloquial)
* 話勿出／话勿出 ($^6$gho-veq-tsheq) (Wu)
* 話唔埋／话唔埋 (waa$^6$ m$^4$ maai$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 話唔定／话唔定 (waa$^6$ m$^4$ ding$^6$) (Cantonese)
* 說不定／说不定 (shuōbùdìng)
* 講勿定／讲勿定 ($^5$kaon-veq-din) (Wu)
* 講唔定／讲唔定 (gong$^2$ m$^4$ ding$^6$) (Cantonese)
* 難免／难免 (nánmiǎn)
# 備受
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bèishòu
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ ㄕㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bei$^6$ sau$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pī-siū
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bi$^6$ siu$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bèishòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ ㄕㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bèishòu
*** Wade–Giles: pei$^4$-shou$^4$
*** Yale: bèi-shòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beyshow
*** Palladius: бэйшоу (bɛjšou)
*** Sinological IPA : /peɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bei$^6$ sau$^6$
*** Yale: beih sauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bei$^6$ sau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: béi$^6$ seo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pei̯²² sɐu̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pī-siū
*** Tâi-lô: pī-siū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pixsiu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pi²²⁻²¹ siu²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁴¹⁻²² siu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi²²⁻²¹ siu²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pi³³⁻¹¹ siu³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi³³⁻²¹ siu³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bi$^6$ siu$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pĭ siŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /pi³⁵⁻¹¹ siu³⁵/

### Verb

備受
* to receive a great deal of; to be deeply affected by

#### Derived terms

* 備受好評／备受好评
* 備受威脅／备受威胁
* 備受矚目／备受瞩目
* 備受禮遇／备受礼遇
# 偏執型人格障礙
## Chinese

| | | paranoid | personality disorder |
| trad. (偏執型人格障礙) | trad. (偏執型人格障礙) | 偏執型 | 人格障礙 |
| simp. (偏执型人格障碍) | simp. (偏执型人格障碍) | 偏执型 | 人格障碍 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): piānzhíxíng réngé zhàng'ài
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄢ ㄓˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄖㄣˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄓㄤˋ ㄞˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: piānzhíxíng réngé zhàng'ài
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄢ ㄓˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄖㄣˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄓㄤˋ ㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pianjhíhsíng réngé jhàng-ài
*** Wade–Giles: pʻien$^1$-chih$^2$-hsing$^2$ jên$^2$-ko$^2$ chang$^4$-ai$^4$
*** Yale: pyān-jŕ-syíng rén-gé jàng-ài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pianjyrshyng renger janqay
*** Palladius: пяньчжисин жэньгэ чжанъай (pjanʹčžisin žɛnʹgɛ čžanʺaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵ kɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

### Noun

偏執型人格障礙
* (psychiatry) paranoid personality disorder
# 偏头关
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 偏头关 – see 偏頭關 (“Piantou”). (This term is the simplified form of 偏頭關).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 偏头疼
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 偏头疼 – see 偏頭疼 (“migraine”). (This term is the simplified form of 偏頭疼).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 偏執狂
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): piānzhíkuáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄢ ㄓˊ ㄎㄨㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pin$^1$ zap$^1$ kwong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: piānzhíkuáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄢ ㄓˊ ㄎㄨㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pianjhíhkuáng
*** Wade–Giles: pʻien$^1$-chih$^2$-kʻuang$^2$
*** Yale: pyān-jŕ-kwáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pianjyrkwang
*** Palladius: пяньчжикуан (pjanʹčžikuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ kʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pin$^1$ zap$^1$ kwong$^4$
*** Yale: pīn jāp kwòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pin$^1$ dzap$^7$ kwong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pin$^1$ zeb$^1$ kuong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɐp̚⁵ kʷʰɔːŋ²¹/

### Noun

偏執狂
* paranoia
# 紛繷
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fēnnǒng
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣ ㄋㄨㄥˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēnnǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄣ ㄋㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fennǒng
*** Wade–Giles: fên$^1$-nung$^3$
*** Yale: fēn-nǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fennoong
*** Palladius: фэньнун (fɛnʹnun)
*** Sinological IPA : /fən⁵⁵ nʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Adjective

紛繷
* (archaic) many and disorderly
# 紛紜
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fēnyún
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣ ㄩㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fan$^1$ wan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēnyún
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄣ ㄩㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fenyún
*** Wade–Giles: fên$^1$-yün$^2$
*** Yale: fēn-yún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenyun
*** Palladius: фэньюнь (fɛnʹjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fən⁵⁵ yn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fan$^1$ wan$^4$
*** Yale: fān wàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fan$^1$ wan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fen$^1$ wen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐn⁵⁵ wɐn²¹/
* Middle Chinese: phjun hjun
Rime :
| Character | 紛 | 紜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 撫文切 | 王分切 |
| Baxter | phjun | hjun |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰɨun/ | /ɦɨun/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰiun/ | /ɦiun/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰiuən/ | /ɣiuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰun/ | /ɦun/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰiuən/ | /ɣiuən/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰĭuən/ | /ɣĭuən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pʰi̯uən/ | /i̯uən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fēn | yún |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fan$^1$ | wan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯn ɢun/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 紛 | 紜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3155 | 16362 |
| Phonetic component | 分 | 云 |
| Rime group | 文 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 芬 | 雲 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰɯn/ | /*ɢun/ |
| Notes | 撫由府校改 | |

### Adjective

紛紜
* (ideophonic) diverse and muddled
    From: 夏衍 (Xia Yan), 野草 (Weeds)
    Yǒu rén wèn: Shìjiè shàng shénme dōngxi de qìlì zuì dà? Huídá fēnyún de hěn, yǒude shuō “xiàng”, yǒude shuō “shī”, yǒu rén kāi wánxiào shìde shuō: shì “Jīngāng”. [Pinyin]
    Some have posed the question: what is the most powerful thing in the world? Answers are diverse - some say the elephant, some say the lion, and some people seemingly jokingly say King Kong.

#### Synonyms

* 紛紛／纷纷 (fēnfēn)
* 紛繁／纷繁 (fēnfán)
* 紛雜／纷杂 (fēnzá) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 眾口紛紜／众口纷纭
* 眾說紛紜／众说纷纭 (zhòngshuōfēnyún)
* 眾議紛紜／众议纷纭
* 紛紜雜沓／纷纭杂沓
* 聚訟紛紜／聚讼纷纭
* 議論紛紜／议论纷纭

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 紛紜(ふんうん) (fun'un); 紛紜(ふんぬん) (funnun)
* → Vietnamese: phân vân (紛紜)
# 兵權
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bīngquán
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄥ ㄑㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bing$^1$ kyun$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): peng-koân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bīngquán
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥ ㄑㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bingcyuán
*** Wade–Giles: ping$^1$-chʻüan$^2$
*** Yale: bīng-chywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bingchyuan
*** Palladius: бинцюань (bincjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /piŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bing$^1$ kyun$^4$
*** Yale: bīng kyùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bing$^1$ kyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bing$^1$ kün$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɪŋ⁵⁵ kʰyːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peng-koân
*** Tâi-lô: ping-kuân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pengkoaan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪŋ³³ kuan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan²³/

### Noun

兵權
* power over the military; military power; military leadership

#### Synonyms

* 軍權／军权 (jūnquán)
# 兵棋
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bīngqí
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄥ ㄑㄧˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bīngqí
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥ ㄑㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bingcí
*** Wade–Giles: ping$^1$-chʻi$^2$
*** Yale: bīng-chí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bingchyi
*** Palladius: бинци (binci)
*** Sinological IPA : /piŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

### Noun

兵棋
* (military) formation model