# erbaid
## Old Irish
### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Celtic *erbyeti or *erbeti (“to entrust”). Cognate with Old Irish orb (“heir”), Latin orbus (“bereft, parentless”), Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós, “orphan”), Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌾𐌰 (arbja, “inheritance”), if the root of these words is Proto-Indo-European *h₁erbʰ- (“to bequeath”) rather than *h₃erbʰ- as traditionally reconstructed. However, the latter reconstruction can be retained if Pedersen is correct that the Old Irish verb comes not from Proto-Celtic *erbyeti but rather from *ɸare-orbyeti, with reinterpretation of the expected prototonic *·air’rbai as a simple conjunct ·erbai with new absolute forms built to it.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈerbəðʲ/, [ˈerbɨðʲ]

### Verb

erbaid (conjunct ·erbai, verbal noun erbud)
* to entrust (with do or fri + the people entrusted)
    Synonyms: ad·noí, do·imnai, léicid
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10$^b$27
    is hed ro·erpad dom dom thoschidThis is what was entrusted to me for my sustenance.
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 25$^d$20
    ro·creitsid-si a forcell forro·gelsam-ni dúib di laithiu brátho ɫ. ro·erbad dún-ni forcell do·thabirt díb-si i llaithiu brathoYou have believed the testimony that we have testified unto you of Doomsday, or, we were entrusted to bear testimony of you on Doomsday.
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 8$^c$12
    amal as friss ro·airpthaas they have been entrusted to them
** c. 700–800 Táin Bó Cúailnge, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, published in The Táin Bó Cúailnge from the Yellow Book of Lecan, with variant readings from the Lebor na hUidre (1912, Dublin: Hodges, Figgis, and Co.), edited by John Strachan and James George O'Keeffe, TBC-I 2865
    Is and-sin iarum erpais in leig togu dó, imbad buith fora huthar co cend mbliadna ⁊ beathu dó iarum, fa nert trí lá ⁊ trí n-aidchi fochétóir do imbirt fora náimdib.It is hereafter that [Fingin] the physician gave him [Cethern] a choice: a year-long illness after which [Cethern] can get help, or strength (effective immediately) for three days and three nights to use on his enemies.
* to trust
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51$^b$10
    In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51$^b$12
    ní ind ḟessin eirbthi, ⁊ nách dó du·aisilbi na nní do·gní, acht is do Diait is not in himself that he trusts, and it is not to himself that he ascribes whatever he does, but it is to God

#### Inflection

| | | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. |
| Present indicative | Abs. | | | erbaid; eirbthi (with suffixed pronoun -i) | | | | |
| Present indicative | Conj. | ·érpimm | ·erpi | ·erbai | | ·erbat | | |
| Present indicative | Rel. | | | | | | | |
| Imperfect indicative | Imperfect indicative | | | | | ·erbtis, ·erbtais | | |
| Preterite | Abs. | | | erpais | | | | |
| Preterite | Conj. | | | | | ·eirpset | ·erbad | ·airptha |
| Preterite | Rel. | | | | | | | |
| Perfect | Deut. | | | | | ro·eirpset | ro·erbad | ro·airptha |
| Perfect | Prot. | | | ·rerb, ·reirb, ·rerp | | | | |
| Future | Abs. | | | | | | | |
| Future | Conj. | | | ·eirbea, ·erba | | | | |
| Future | Rel. | | | | | | | |
| Conditional | Conditional | | | | | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | | | | | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Conj. | | | | ·irpaid | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Rel. | | | | | | erpther | |
| Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive | ·erbainn | | | | | | |
| Imperative | Imperative | | | | erpid | | | |
| Verbal noun | Verbal noun | erbud | | | | | | |
| Past participle | Past participle | | | | | | | |
| Verbal of necessity | Verbal of necessity | | | | | | | |

#### Derived terms

* con·erbai

#### Descendants

* Irish: earb
* Scottish Gaelic: earb

### References

* ↑ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “Urkelt. ?*erb-(i̯)e/o - ‘?anvertrauen, ?hinterlassen’”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 292-94
* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*erb-(y)o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 117
* ↑ Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 513–14

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “erbaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 513