OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# юл
## Bashkir
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yōl (“road, way”).
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰖𐰆𐰞 (y¹ul¹ /⁠yol⁠/, “road, way”), Southern Altai јол (ǰol), Kazakh жол (jol), Kyrgyz жол (jol), Karachay-Balkar джол (col), Uzbek yoʻl, Turkish yol, Yakut суол (suol), etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [joɫ]
* Hyphenation: юл

### Noun

юл • (yul)
* road, way, path
    тимер юл ― timer yul ― railway, railroad
    ебәк юлы ― yebək yulı ― the Silk Road
    Бөтә юлдар ҙа башҡалаға илтә.Bötə yuldar źa başqalağa iltə.All roads bring (you) to the capital.
* trip, journey; walk
    Оҙон юлда эт тә иптәшкә ярай.Oźon yulda et tə iptəşkə yaray.On a long walk, a dog is ok to keep you company (=is better than no company at all).
* highway
    Төҙөләсәк юлдың ике йүнәлешендә лә һәр береһе дүртәр метр ике юл һыҙаты ҡаралған.Töźöləsək yuldıñ ike yünəleşendə lə hər berehe dürtər metr ike yul hıźatı qaralğan.It is provisioned that the highway to be constructed will have two lanes in each direction, each four meters (wide).
* method, means
* line, string
    Көн һайын яҙырға тырышығыҙ; һәр яҙған бит, юл менән ҡәләмегеҙ шымара бара.Kön hayın yaźırğa tırışığıź; hər yaźğan bit, yul menən qələmegeź şımara bara.Try to write (=practice writing) every day; your style improves with each written page, (each) line (you write).
* track, trace
    санғы юлы ― sanğı yulı ― ski track
    машина юлы ― maşina yulı ― car track
    cамолёт юлы ― camolyot yulı ― vapor trail
* (figurative) path, journey, course
    тормош юлы ― tormoş yulı ― life journey
    яҙыусының ижади юлы ― yaźıwsınıñ ijadi yulı ― writer's career

#### Derived terms

* юлдаш (yuldaş)
* юлбашсы (yulbaşsı, “leader”)
* юлбаҫар (yulbaśar, “highwayman, bandit”)
* тимер юлы (timer yulı)
* Ҡош Юлы (Qoş Yulı)
* тура һауа юлы (tura hawa yulı)

## Chuvash
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kāl- (“to remain”).
Cognate with Khalaj qâlmaq, Turkish kalmak, Uzbek qolmoq, Bashkir ҡалыу (qalıw) and Yakut хаал (qaal).

### Verb

юл • (jul)
* (intransitive) to remain, stay, persist

### References

* ↑ Fedotov, M. R. (1996) “юл”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume II, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, page 483
* ↑ Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “юл”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 347

### Further reading

* “юл”, in Электронлă сăмахсар‎ (overall work in Russian and Chuvash), 1996.

## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [juɫ]

### Noun

юл • (jul) f inan pl or f anim pl
* inflection of юла́ (julá):
** genitive plural
** animate accusative plural

## Tatar
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yōl (“road, way”).
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰖𐰆𐰞 (y¹ul¹ /⁠yol⁠/, “road, way”), Southern Altai јол (ǰol), Bashkir юл (yul), Kazakh жол (jol), Kyrgyz жол (jol), Karachay-Balkar джол (col), Uzbek yoʻl, Turkish yol, Yakut суол (suol), etc.

### Noun

юл • (yul)
* road, way, path
* trip, journey; walk
* method, means
* line, string
* track, trace
# юкь
## Ingush
### Etymology

Akin to Chechen йукь (jukʲ).

### Noun

юкь • (jukʲ)
* center
# япошках
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [(j)ɪˈpoʂkəx]

### Noun

япо́шках • (japóškax) m anim pl or f anim pl or f inan pl
* prepositional plural of япо́шка (japóška)
# япошкой
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [(j)ɪˈpoʂkəj]

### Noun

япо́шкой • (japóškoj) m anim or f anim or f inan
* instrumental singular of япо́шка (japóška)
# ывӑт
## Chuvash
### Verb

ывӑт • (yvăt)
* to throw, to toss
* to throw up, to toss up (to throw something upwards)
* (figurative) to hint, allude
* to besew a fabric with threads of a different color

### Further reading

* “ывӑт”, in Электронлă сăмахсар‎ (overall work in Russian and Chuvash), 1996.
# ыгацыӄыӽтыӷа
## Sirenik
### Verb

ыгацыӄы̄ӽтыӷа (ygacyqȳx̌tyǧa)
* to cook

### References

* G. A. Menovschikov (1964) Язык сиреникских эскимосов [The language of Sirenik Eskimos]‎, Академия Наук СССР, page 201
# ыгаста
## Sirenik
### Noun

ыгаста (ygasta)
* cook

### References

* G. A. Menovschikov (1964) Язык сиреникских эскимосов [The language of Sirenik Eskimos]‎, Академия Наук СССР, page 201
# ёкающим
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjɵkəjʉɕːɪm]

### Participle

ёкающим • (jókajuščim)
* inflection of ёкающий (jókajuščij):
** dative plural
** instrumental masculine/neuter singular
# яремний
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

ярмо́ (jarmó) +‎ -ний (-nyj)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jɐˈrɛmnei̯]

### Adjective

яре́мний • (jarémnyj)
* yoked (wearing a yoke)
* (figuratively) in captivity

#### Declension
### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “яремний”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
# ѥдинъ
## Old Church Slavonic
### Numeral

ѥдинъ • (jedinŭ)
* Alternative form of единъ (edinŭ)

#### Coordinate terms

| | —0 | —1 | —2 | —3 | —4 | —5 | —6 | —7 | —8 | —9 |
| 0— | — | единъ (edinŭ), едьнъ (edĭnŭ), ѥдьнъ (jedĭnŭ), ѥдинъ (jedinŭ) | дъва (dŭva) | трьѥ (trĭje), триѥ (trije) | четꙑре (četyre) | пѧть (pętĭ) | шесть (šestĭ) | седмь (sedmĭ) | осмь (osmĭ) | девѧть (devętĭ) |
| 1— | десѧть (desętĭ) | ѥдинъ на десѧте (jedinŭ na desęte) | дъва на десѧте (dŭva na desęte) | трьѥ на десѧте (trĭje na desęte) | четꙑре на десѧте (četyre na desęte) | пѧть на десѧте (pętĭ na desęte) | шесть на десѧте (šestĭ na desęte) | седмь на десѧте (sedmĭ na desęte) | осмь на десѧте (osmĭ na desęte) | девѧть на десѧте (devętĭ na desęte) |
| 2— | дъва десѧти (dŭva desęti) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 3— | трьѥ десѧте (trĭje desęte), триѥ десѧте (trije desęte) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 4— | четꙑре десѧте (četyre desęte) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 5— | пѧть десѧтъ (pętĭ desętŭ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 6— | шесть десѧтъ (šestĭ desętŭ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 7— | седмь десѧтъ (sedmĭ desętŭ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 8— | осмь десѧтъ (osmĭ desętŭ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 9— | девѧть десѧтъ (devętĭ desętŭ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
# јарым
## Southern Altai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yār-.

### Adjective

јарым • (ǰarïm)
* half

### Noun

јарым • (ǰarïm)
* half

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, Toščakova N.A, editor (1947), “јарым”, in Ojrotsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Oyrot-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: M.: OGIZ, →ISBN
* Čumakajev A. E., editor (2018), “јарым”, in Altajsko-russkij slovarʹ [Altaic–Russian Dictionary], Gorno-Altaysk: NII altaistiki im. S.S. Surazakova, →ISBN
# јарчев
## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jâːrt͡ʃeʋ/
* Hyphenation: јар‧чев

### Adjective

ја̑рчев (Latin spelling jȃrčev)
* (relational) male goat; male goat's

#### Related terms

* ја̏рац
# јӱр-
## Southern Altai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yorï-, *yüri- (“to walk”).

### Verb

јӱр- • (ǰür-)
* to go, to walk

### References

N. A. Baskakov, Toščakova N.A, editor (1947), “јӱр-”, in Ojrotsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Oyrot-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: M.: OGIZ, →ISBN
# јӱйер
## Southern Altai
### Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *jod-. Compare to Kumyk ёймакъ (yoymaq, “to drive away”).

### Verb

јӱйер • (ǰüyer)
* to go to the end

### References

Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura
# ыныя
## Nivkh
### Alternative forms

* ыныё (ənəjo)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɤnɤja/

### Interjection

ыныя (ənəja)
* Yayǃ; Hurrayǃ (when expressing joy, admiration, or surprise)
# ынтымақтас
## Kazakh

Alternative scripts :
| Arabic | ىنتىماقتاس |
| Cyrillic | ынтымақтас |
| Latin | yntymaqtas |
| Yañalif | ьntьmaqtas |

### Adjective

ынтымақтас • (yntymaqtas)
* harmonious
# эросе
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛrəsʲe]

### Noun

э́росе • (érose) m inan
* prepositional singular of э́рос (éros)
# ҳавопаймо
## Tajik

Regional synonyms of "airplane" :
| Dari | طیاره |
| Iranian Persian | هواپیما |
| Tajik | тайёра, ҳавопаймо |

### Etymology

Calque of Iranian Persian هَوَاپِیْمَا (havâpeymâ). By surface analysis, ҳаво (havo) +‎ паймо (paymo, present stem of паймудан (paymudan)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /havopajmo/, [hä.vɔ.pʰäj.mɔ]

### Noun

ҳавопаймо • (havopaymo) (Persian spelling هواپیما)
* airplane, aeroplane
    Synonym: тайёра (tayyora)
* aircraft

#### Inflection

Inflection of ҳавопаймо :
| | | singular | plural |
| sound | broken$^1$ | or broken$^1$ |
| bare | bare | ҳавопаймо havopaymo | ҳавопаймоҳо havopaymoho | [Term?] | [Term?] |
| definite object | definite object | ҳавопайморо havopaymoro | ҳавопаймоҳоро havopaymohoro | ро ro | ро ro |
| izofa | izofa | ҳавопаймои havopaymo-yi | ҳавопаймоҳои havopaymoho-yi | и i | и i |
| indefinite, definite relative | bare | ҳавопаймое havopaymoye | — | — | — |
| indefinite, definite relative | object | ҳавопаймоеро havopaymoyero | — | — | — |
Possessive forms of ҳавопаймо :
| | | singular | plural |
| sound | broken$^1$ | broken$^1$ |
| bare | 1st singular | ҳавопаймоям havopaymoyam | ҳавопаймоҳоям havopaymohoyam | ам am | ам am |
| bare | 2nd singular | ҳавопаймоят havopaymoyat | ҳавопаймоҳоят havopaymohoyat | ат at | ат at |
| bare | 3rd singular | ҳавопаймояш havopaymoyaš | ҳавопаймоҳояш havopaymohoyaš | аш aš | аш aš |
| bare | 1st plural | ҳавопаймоямон havopaymoyamon | ҳавопаймоҳоямон havopaymohoyamon | амон amon | амон amon |
| bare | 2nd plural | ҳавопаймоятон havopaymoyaton | ҳавопаймоҳоятон havopaymohoyaton | атон aton | атон aton |
| bare | 3rd plural | ҳавопаймояшон havopaymoyašon | ҳавопаймоҳояшон havopaymohoyašon | ашон ašon | ашон ašon |
| | | singular | plural |
| sound | broken$^1$ | broken$^1$ |
| definite object | 1st singular | ҳавопаймоямро havopaymoyamro | ҳавопаймоҳоямро havopaymohoyamro | амро amro | амро amro |
| definite object | 2nd singular | ҳавопаймоятро havopaymoyatro | ҳавопаймоҳоятро havopaymohoyatro | атро atro | атро atro |
| definite object | 3rd singular | ҳавопаймояшро havopaymoyašro | ҳавопаймоҳояшро havopaymohoyašro | ашро ašro | ашро ašro |
| definite object | 1st plural | ҳавопаймоямонро havopaymoyamonro | ҳавопаймоҳоямонро havopaymohoyamonro | амонро amonro | амонро amonro |
| definite object | 2nd plural | ҳавопаймоятонро havopaymoyatonro | ҳавопаймоҳоятонро havopaymohoyatonro | атонро atonro | атонро atonro |
| definite object | 3rd plural | ҳавопаймояшонро havopaymoyašonro | ҳавопаймоҳояшонро havopaymohoyašonro | ашонро ašonro | ашонро ašonro |

### Further reading

* ҳавопаймо on the Tajik Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{tg}$
* “ҳавопаймо”, in Вожаҷӯ / واژه‌جو [Vožajü] (in Tajik), 2024
# юфть
## Russian
### Alternative forms

* юхть (juxtʹ), ю́фта (júfta), ю́хта (júxta) — till 19th century also

### Etymology

Unknown, but suspected to be a Turkic borrowing of Classical Persian جفت (juft, “pair”) due to the hides having been tanned pairwise.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [juftʲ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

юфть • (juftʹ) f inan (genitive ю́фти, uncountable)
* yuft, Russia leather

#### Derived terms

* юфтя́ный (juftjányj)
* ю́фотный (júfotnyj)

#### Descendants

* → Bulgarian: юфт (juft)
* → Czech: juchta
* → Finnish: juhti
* → Middle Low German: juften, juchten
** → Dutch: jucht, (older also) jocht, juft, juften, juchten
** → English: yuft
** → German: Juchten, Juften
*** → Slovene: jȗhta, jȗht f, jȗft f
** → Swedish: juft, jucht, jukt, juften, juchten
* → Polish: jucht
* → Romanian: iuft
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ју̏хта
    Latin script: jȕhta
* → Slovak: juchta
* → Ukrainian: ю́хта (júxta), юхт (juxt)
# head collar
## English
### Noun

head collar (plural head collars)
* A collar that fits around the neck and head
** A halter for a horse
# 山苍子
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 山苍子 – see 山蒼子. (This term is the simplified form of 山蒼子).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 조의
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 弔意.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕo̞ɰi] ~ [t͡ɕo̞i]
* Phonetic hangul: [조의/조이]

### Noun

조의 • (joui) (hanja 弔意)
* condolence
# ꖂ

| ꖂ | U+A582, &#42370; VAI SYLLABLE DHHOO |
| ← ꖁ [U+A581] | Vai | ꖃ → [U+A583] |

## Vai
### Syllable

ꖂ • (ðo)
* The Vai syllable dhho
# Tuesnight
## English
### Noun

Tuesnight (plural Tuesnights)
* (rare, nonstandard) Tuesday evening or night
** 1866, Thomas Oswald Cockayne, Leechdoms, wortcunning, and starcraft of early England: Being a collection. (Anglo-Saxons), UNU9AAAAcAAJ:On the tenth month the woman does not escape with her life if the bairn is not born, since it turns in the belly to a deadly disorder, and oftenest on Tuesnight.
** 2011, “Ward impresses judges on 'Dancing with the Stars'”, in The Blade‎:Audiences will learn which couples will advance to next week's semifinals on Tuesnight's show.
** 2013, “Daily auction prices up”, in Radio New Zealand News‎:Global dairy prices rose more than 3% on Tuesnight, the largest rise since last September.
** 2014, Elizabeth Fama, Plus One (Young Adult Fiction), →ISBN, page 75:On Tuesnight he had written, “Muir Woods National Monument?”
** 2015, “Millwall’s David Forde says match against Blackburn is a must-win”, in The Guardian‎:Harris will be without the suspended Ed Upson on Tuesnight and Shaun Williams and Shaun Cummings are also out.
# 농장
## Korean
### Etymology 1

Sino-Korean word from 農場.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [no̞ŋd͡ʑa̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [농장]

#### Noun

농장 • (nongjang) (hanja 農場)
* farm (a place where agricultural activities take place)

### Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 籠欌.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [no̞ŋt͡ɕ͈a̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [농짱]

#### Noun

농장 • (nongjang) (hanja 籠欌)
* wardrobe
    Synonym: 장롱(欌籠) (jangnong)
# হাঙ্গামা
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* হাঙ্গাম (haṅgam)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian هنگامه (hangāma), from هنگام (hangām, “time, hour”). Cognate with Hindi हंगामा (haṅgāmā) and Punjabi ਹੰਗਾਮਾ (haṅgāmā).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /haŋɡama/, [haŋɡamaˑ]
    Audio:(file)
* (Dhaka) IPA: /haŋɡama/, [haŋɡamaˑ]
* Rhymes: -ama

### Noun

হাঙ্গামা • (haṅgama)
* commotion, tumult, riot; chaos, disorder, disorganization, turbulence
# ঘামানো
## Bengali
### Etymology

Causative of ঘামা (ghama, “to sweat”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡʱa.maˌno]
* Rhymes: -ano
* Hyphenation: ঘা‧মা‧নো

### Verb

ঘামানো • (ghamanō)
* to make sweat
# ঘাৰ
## Assamese
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit ঘাটা (ghāṭā). Cognate with Bengali ঘাড় (ghaṛ, “neck”), Odia ଘାଡ଼ (ghāṛa), Maithili 𑒒𑒰𑒛𑓃 (ghāṛ), Hindustani گھاڑ (ghāṛ) / घाड़ (ghāṛ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡʱaɹ/

### Noun

ঘাৰ • (ghar)
* nape, scruff
# জিঁকা
## Assamese
### Alternative forms

* জিকা (zika)

### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Assamese ঝিঁকা (zhĩka), from Early Assamese *ঝিঙ্কা (jhiṅka), from Sanskrit ঝিঙ্গাক (jhiṅgāka). Cognate with Sylheti ꠏꠤꠋꠉꠣ (zíṅga), Bengali ঝিঙে (jhiṅe).

### Noun

জিঁকা • (zĩka) (classifier -টো)
* ridged luffa
    মই জিঁকাৰ আঞ্জা বৰ ভাল পাওঁ।moi zikar anza bor bhal paü̃.I love ridged luffa curry!
# জাৰু
## Assamese
### Alternative forms

* ঝাড়ু (zharu)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /za.ɹu/

### Noun

জাৰু • (zaru)
* broom
    Synonyms: বাঢ়নী (barhoni), শোটা (xüta)

#### Derived terms

* জৰা (zora)
# জাহান্নাম
## Bengali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian جهنم (jahannam), from Arabic جَهَنَّم (jahannam), from Hebrew גֵּיהִנּוֹם (gēhinnōm), from גֵּיא בֶן הִנֹּם (gē ḇen hinnōm, “valley of the son of Hinom”).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /d͡ʒahanːam/, [ˈd͡ʒahanːam]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /dʑahanːam/, [ˈdʑahanːam]
    Audio:(file)

### Noun

জাহান্নাম • (jahannam)
* (Islam) Jahannam, hell
    Synonyms: দোজখ (dōjokh), নরক (norok), পাতাল (patal), নিরয় (niroẏ)
    Antonym: জান্নাত (jannat)
# शायर
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شاعر (šā'ir), from Arabic شاعِر (šāʕir).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʃɑː.jəɾ/, [ʃäː.jɐɾ]

### Noun

शायर • (śāyar) m (feminine शायरा, Urdu spelling شاعر)
* poet
    Synonym: कवि (kavi)

#### Related terms

* शायरी (śāyrī)
# शामूल
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* শামূল (Assamese script)
* ᬰᬵᬫᬹᬮ (Balinese script)
* শামূল (Bengali script)
* 𑰫𑰯𑰦𑰳𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀰𑀸𑀫𑀽𑀮 (Brahmi script)
* ၐာမူလ (Burmese script)
* શામૂલ (Gujarati script)
* ਸ਼ਾਮੂਲ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌶𑌾𑌮𑍂𑌲 (Grantha script)
* ꦯꦴꦩꦹꦭ (Javanese script)
* 𑂬𑂰𑂧𑂴𑂪 (Kaithi script)
* ಶಾಮೂಲ (Kannada script)
* ឝាមូល (Khmer script)
* ຨາມູລ (Lao script)
* ശാമൂല (Malayalam script)
* ᡧᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᡠᡠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘫𑘰𑘦𑘴𑘩 (Modi script)
* ᠱᠠᢗᠮᠤᠤᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧋𑧑𑧆𑧕𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐱𑐵𑐩𑐹𑐮 (Newa script)
* ଶାମୂଲ (Odia script)
* ꢯꢵꢪꢹꢭ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆯𑆳𑆩𑆷𑆬 (Sharada script)
* 𑖫𑖯𑖦𑖳𑖩 (Siddham script)
* ශාමූල (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩿𑩛𑩴𑩒𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚧𑚭𑚢𑚱𑚥 (Takri script)
* ஶாமூல (Tamil script)
* శామూల (Telugu script)
* ศามูล (Thai script)
* ཤཱ་མཱུ་ལ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒬𑒰𑒧𑒴𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨮𑨊𑨢𑨃𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Uncertain; possibly cognate with Proto-Germanic *hamô (“physical form; wrapping, garment”), whence Proto-West Germanic *hamiþi (“shirt”), seemingly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱem- (“to cover?”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕɑː.muː.lɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɕɑːˈmuː.l̪ɐ/

### Noun

शामूल • (śāmūla) stem, n
* a woolen shirt

#### Related terms

* शामुल्य (śāmulya)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “शामूल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1065/3.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 630
* Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206
# शामों
## Hindi
### Noun

शामों • (śāmõ) f pl
* oblique plural of शाम (śām)
# ਨਿਤਨੇਮ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɪt̪ə̆neːmə̆]

### Noun

ਨਿਤਨੇਮ • (nitnem) m (Shahmukhi spelling نتنیم)
* routine
* (Sikhism) nitnem

#### Declension
### References

* “ਨਿਤਨੇਮ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# ਨਿਗਰਾਨ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian نگران (nigarân, “watchful”).

### Noun

ਨਿਗਰਾਨ • (nigrān) m (Shahmukhi spelling نگران)
* overseer, supervisor, controller, manager, caretaker, superintendent

#### Related terms

* ਨਿਗਾਹ f (nigāh, “vision”)
* ਨਿਗਰਾਨੀ f (nigrānī, “supervision”)

### Further reading

* “ਨਿਗਰਾਨ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# ਧਿੱਕਾਰਣਾ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 (dhikkārijjaï), from Sanskrit धिक्कार (dhikkāra). Equivalent to ਧਿੱਕਾਰ (dhikkār) +‎ -ਣਾ (-ṇā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t̪ɪ˨.kːaː.ɾə̆.ɳaː]

### Verb

ਧਿੱਕਾਰਣਾ • (dhikkārṇā) (Shahmukhi spelling دھکّارنا)
* to reproach, curse

#### Conjugation

$^1$The presence of theਲ਼ (ḷa) phoneme can vary by dialect ਲ (la).
$^1$Some dialects conjugate ਸੀ (sī) for person and number (from left to right): ਸਾਂ (sā̃), ਸੈ (sai), ਸੋ (so), ਸਾਂ (sā̃), ਸਨ (san). $^2$Colloquially, ਹਨ (han) is always ਨੇ (ne) in the Majhi dialect. $^3$Dialectal.

### References

* Singh, Bhai Maya (1895) “ਧਿੱਕਾਰਣਾ”, in The Panjabi Dictionary, Lahore: Munshi Gulab Singh and Sons.
# জানালা
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* জানলা (janla), জানেলা (janela) — rare

### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese janela (“window”), from Vulgar Latin *ianuella (“small opening”), a diminutive from Latin iānua (“door”). Doublet of জানুয়ারি (januẏari).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /d͡ʒanala/, [ˈd͡ʒanalaˑ]
    Audio:(file)
* (Dhaka) IPA: /dʑanala/, [ˈdʑanalaˑ]
    Audio:(file)

### Noun

জানালা • (janala)
* window
# জানানো
## Bengali
### Etymology

Causative of জানা (jana, “to know”).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /d͡ʒanano/, [ˈd͡ʒananoˑ]
    Audio:(file)
* (Dhaka) IPA: /dʑanano/, [ˈdʑananoˑ]
* Rhymes: -ano
* Hyphenation: জা‧না‧নো

### Verb

জানানো • (jananō)
* to inform, to tell, to let know
    সাহায্য লাগলে আমাদেরকে জানাস।śahajjô lagle amaderke janaś.Let us know if you need help.

#### Conjugation
### References

* Biswas, Sailendra (2000) “জানা”, in Samsad Bengali-English dictionary, 3rd edition, Calcutta: Sahitya Samsad, →OCLC.
* Bhaṭṭācārya, Subhāsha (2003) “জানা”, in Saṁsada Bāṁlā uccāraṇa abhidhāna, 2nd edition, Kalikata: Sāhitya Saṃsada, →OCLC.
# ਸੰਯੁਕਤ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit संयुक्त (saṃyukta, “joined together, combined”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /səɲ.jʊktə̆/, /səɲ.d͡ʒʊktə̆/

### Adjective

ਸੰਯੁਕਤ • (sãyukat)
* joint, united

### References

* “ਸੰਯੁਕਤ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ
## Punjabi
### Etymology

From Sanskrit संविधान (saṃvidhāna), probably via Hindi संविधान (samvidhān).

### Noun

ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ • (sãvidhān) m
* (law) constitution

#### Related terms

* ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨਿਕ (sãvidhānik, “constitutional”, adjective)
* ਵਿਧਾਨ m (vidhān, “constitution”)

### Further reading

* “ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# রূপচাঁদা
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* রুপচাঁদা (rupcãda)
* রূপচান্দা (rupcanda), রুপচান্দা (rupcanda)

### Etymology

Feminine variant of রূপচাঁদ (rūpcãd, literally “moon-shaped”), a compound of রূপ (rup, “shape”) + চাঁদ (cãd, “moon”), due to the silvery color and the cresent-like body shape of the fish. Cognate with Hindi रूपचंद (rūpcand).

### Noun

রূপচাঁদা • (rūpcãda)
* (cooking) rupchanda, Pampus chinensis.
# ઓક્ટોપસ
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Borrowed from English octopus.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Gujarati) IPA: /ˈok.ʈo.pəs/

### Noun

ઓક્ટોપસ • (okṭopas) n
* octopus (powerful sea-mollusc)
# આદરભેર
## Gujarati
### Etymology

From આદર (ādar) +‎ -ભેર (-bher).

### Adverb

આદરભેર • (ādarbher)
* with respect, reverence, homage
# সরল
## Bengali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सरल (sarala)

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /ʃɔɾol/, [ˈʃɔɾol]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /ʃɔɾol/, [ˈʃɔɾol]

### Adjective

সরল • (śorol) (comparative আরও সরল, superlative সবচেয়ে সরল)
* simple, plain
* straight
# કળીચૂનો
## Gujarati
### Noun

કળીચૂનો • (kaḷīcūno) m
* quicklime
# அகப்பு
## Tamil
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /ɐɡɐpːʊ/, [ɐɡɐpːɯ]

### Noun

அகப்பு • (akappu)
* depth

### References

* University of Madras (1924–1936) “அகப்பு”, in Tamil Lexicon, Madras [Chennai]: Diocesan Press
# ଅଭିଷେକ
## Odia
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अभिषेक (abhiṣeka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔbʱisekɔ/

### Noun

ଅଭିଷେକ (abhisheka)
* (Hinduism) abhisheka

### Proper noun

ଅଭିଷେକ (abhisheka)
* a male given name from Sanskrit, equivalent to English Abhishek

### References

* Praharaj, Gopala Chandra (1931—1940) “ଅଭିଷେକ”, in Purnnacandra Odia Bhashakosha, Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press
# કાંપ
## Gujarati
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀁𑀧 (kaṃpa), from Sanskrit कम्प (kampa).

### Noun

કાંપ • (kā̃p) f
* trembling, shivering
# કાકણ
## Gujarati
### Alternative forms

* કાકણક (kākṇak)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit काकण (kākaṇa).

### Noun

કાકણ • (kākaṇ) m
* A kind of leprosy that induces sharp pains. It is red in the center and black around the edge, likened to jequirity

### See also

* કોઢ (koḍh)
* (Types of Leprosy Listed in Indian Literature):
** મહાકોઢ (mahākoḍh) (incurable kinds): કાપાલ (kāpāl), ઉદુંબર (udumbar), મંડલ (maṇḍal), સિધ્મ (sidhma), કાકણ, પુંડરીક (puṇḍrīk), ઋક્ષજિહ્વ (ŕkṣajihva)
** ક્ષુદ્રકોઢ (kṣudrakoḍh) (curable kinds): એકકુષ્ઠ (ekakuṣṭh), ગજચર્મ (gajcarma), ચર્મદલ (carmadal), વિચર્ચિકા (vicarcikā), વિપાદિકા (vipādikā), પામા (pāmā), કચ્છૂ (kacchū), દદ્રુ (dadru), વિસ્ફોટ (visphoṭ), કિટિમ (kiṭim), અલસક (alasak)

### Anagrams

* કાણક (kāṇak)
* કણકા (kaṇkā)
# માંકડ
## Gujarati
### Etymology

From Sanskrit मत्कुण (matkuṇa).

### Noun

માંકડ • (mā̃kaḍ) m
* bedbug
    Synonyms: ખટમલ (khaṭmal), માકણ (mākaṇ)