# ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ
## Coptic
### Etymology

From ϫⲉⲙ- (čem-) +‎ ϩⲏⲟⲩ (hēou).

### Verb

ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ • (čemhēou)
* (Bohairic) to find use, to be useful

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ čemhēou | imperative | affirmative | ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ čemhēou |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ štemčemhēou | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀perčemhēou |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ tičemhēou | ⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ kčemhēou | ⲧⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ tečemhēou | ϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ fčemhēou | ⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ sčemhēou | ⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ tenčemhēou | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ tetenčemhēou | ⲥⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ sečemhēou | ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ čemhēou |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ eičemhēou | ⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ekčemhēou | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ erečemhēou | ⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ efčemhēou | ⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ esčemhēou | ⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ enčemhēou | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ eretenčemhēou | ⲉⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ eučemhēou | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ere- čemhēou |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etičemhēou | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etekčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etečemhēou | ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etefčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etesčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etenčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etetenčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etoučemhēou | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ete- čemhēou |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ naičemhēou | ⲛⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nakčemhēou | ⲛⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ narečemhēou | ⲛⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nafčemhēou | ⲛⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nasčemhēou | ⲛⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nančemhēou | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ naretenčemhēou | ⲛⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ naučemhēou | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nare- čemhēou |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ aičemhēou | ⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ akčemhēou | ⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ arečemhēou | ⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ afčemhēou | ⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ asčemhēou | ⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ančemhēou | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ aretenčemhēou | ⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ aučemhēou | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ are- čemhēou |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ tinačemhēou | ⲭⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ khnačemhēou | ⲧⲉⲣⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ teračemhēou | ϥⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ fnačemhēou | ⲥⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ snačemhēou | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ tennačemhēou | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ tetennačemhēou | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ senačemhēou | ⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ načemhēou |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ einačemhēou | ⲉⲭⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ekhnačemhēou | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ erenačemhēou | ⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ efnačemhēou | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ esnačemhēou | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ennačemhēou | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ eretennačemhēou | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ eunačemhēou | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ere- načemhēou |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etinačemhēou | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etekhnačemhēou | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etenačemhēou | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etefnačemhēou | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etesnačemhēou | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etennačemhēou | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etetennačemhēou | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etounačemhēou | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ete- načemhēou |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nainačemhēou | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nakhnačemhēou | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ narenačemhēou | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nafnačemhēou | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nasnačemhēou | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nannačemhēou | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ naretennačemhēou | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ naunačemhēou | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nare- načemhēou |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ainačemhēou | ⲁⲭⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ akhnačemhēou | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ arenačemhēou | ⲁϥⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ afnačemhēou | ⲁⲥⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ asnačemhēou | ⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ annačemhēou | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ aretennačemhēou | ⲁⲩⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ aunačemhēou | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ are- načemhēou |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ aičemhēou | ⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ akčemhēou | ⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ arečemhēou | ⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ afčemhēou | ⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ asčemhēou | ⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ančemhēou | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ atetenčemhēou | ⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ aučemhēou | ⲁ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ a- čemhēou |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀pičemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀pekčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀pečemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀pefčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀pesčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀penčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀petenčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀poučemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀pe- čemhēou |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ eaičemhēou | ⲉⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ eakčemhēou | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ earečemhēou | ⲉⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ eafčemhēou | ⲉⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ easčemhēou | ⲉⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ eančemhēou | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ eatetenčemhēou | ⲉⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ eaučemhēou | ⲉⲁ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ea- čemhēou |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pičemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pekčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pečemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pefčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pesčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀penčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀petenčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀poučemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pe- čemhēou |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etaičemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etakčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etarečemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etafčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etasčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etančemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etaretenčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etaučemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ eta- čemhēou |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀pičemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀pekčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀pečemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀pefčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀pesčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀penčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀petenčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀poučemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀pe- čemhēou |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ neaičemhēou | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ neakčemhēou | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nearečemhēou | ⲛⲉⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ neafčemhēou | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ neasčemhēou | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ neančemhēou | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ neatetenčemhēou | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ neaučemhēou | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nea- čemhēou |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nem̀pičemhēou | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nem̀pekčemhēou | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nem̀pečemhēou | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nem̀pefčemhēou | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nem̀pesčemhēou | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nem̀penčemhēou | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nem̀petenčemhēou | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nem̀poučemhēou | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nem̀pe- čemhēou |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etaičemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etakčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etarečemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etafčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etasčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etančemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etaretenčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etaučemhēou | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ eta- čemhēou |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀patičemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀patekčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀patečemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀patefčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀patesčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀patenčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀patetenčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀patoučemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀pate- čemhēou |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀patičemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀patekčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀patečemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀patefčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀patesčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀patenčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀patetenčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀patoučemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pate- čemhēou |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀patičemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀patekčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀patečemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀patefčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀patesčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀patenčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀patetenčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀patoučemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀pate- čemhēou |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀patičemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀patekčemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀patečemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀patefčemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀patesčemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀patenčemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀patetenčemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀patoučemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀pate- čemhēou |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šaičemhēou | ϣⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šakčemhēou | ϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šarečemhēou | ϣⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šafčemhēou | ϣⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šasčemhēou | ϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šančemhēou | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šatetenčemhēou | ϣⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šaučemhēou | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šare- čemhēou |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀paičemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀pakčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀parečemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀pafčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀pasčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀pančemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀paretenčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀paučemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀pare- čemhēou |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ešaičemhēou | ⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ešakčemhēou | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ešarečemhēou | ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ešafčemhēou | ⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ešasčemhēou | ⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ešančemhēou | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ešatetenčemhēou | ⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ešaučemhēou | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ešare- čemhēou |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀paičemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pakčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀parečemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pafčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pasčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pančemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀paretenčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀paučemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pare- čemhēou |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etšaičemhēou | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etšakčemhēou | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etšarečemhēou | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etšafčemhēou | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etšasčemhēou | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etšančemhēou | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etšatetenčemhēou | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etšaučemhēou | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etšare- čemhēou |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀paičemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀pakčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀parečemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀pafčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀pasčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀pančemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀paretenčemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀paučemhēou | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ etm̀pare- čemhēou |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ našaičemhēou | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ našakčemhēou | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ našarečemhēou | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ našafčemhēou | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ našasčemhēou | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ našančemhēou | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ našatetenčemhēou | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ našaučemhēou | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ našare- čemhēou |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀paičemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀pakčemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀parečemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀pafčemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀pasčemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀pančemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀paretenčemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀paučemhēou | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ nam̀pare- čemhēou |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀paičemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pakčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀parečemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pafčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pasčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pančemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀paretenčemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀paučemhēou | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ em̀pare- čemhēou |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ eiečemhēou | ⲉⲕⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ekečemhēou | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ erečemhēou | ⲉϥⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ efečemhēou | ⲉⲥⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ esečemhēou | ⲉⲛⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ enečemhēou | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ eretenečemhēou | ⲉⲩⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ euečemhēou | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ere- čemhēou |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹnačemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹnekčemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹnečemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹnefčemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹnesčemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹnenčemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹnetenčemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹnoučemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹne- čemhēou |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ maričemhēou | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ marefčemhēou | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ maresčemhēou | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ marenčemhēou | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ maroučemhēou | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ mare- čemhēou |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀penthričemhēou | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀penthrefčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀penthresčemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀penthrenčemhēou | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀penthreučemhēou | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ m̀penthre- čemhēou |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹtačemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹtekčemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹtečemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹtefčemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹtesčemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹtenčemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹtetenčemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹsečemhēou, ǹtoučemhēou | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ǹte- čemhēou |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ taričemhēou | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ tarekčemhēou | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ tarečemhēou | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ tarefčemhēou | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ taresčemhēou | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ tarenčemhēou | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ taretenčemhēou | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ taroučemhēou | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ tare- čemhēou |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šatičemhēou | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šatekčemhēou | ϣⲁⲧⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šatečemhēou | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šatefčemhēou | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šatesčemhēou | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šatenčemhēou | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šatetenčemhēou | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šatoučemhēou | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ šate- čemhēou |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ aišančemhēou | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ akšančemhēou | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ arešančemhēou | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ afšančemhēou | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ asšančemhēou | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ anšančemhēou | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ aretenšančemhēou | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ aušančemhēou | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ arešan- čemhēou |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ aičemhēou | ⲁⲕϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ akčemhēou | ⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ arečemhēou | ⲁϥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ afčemhēou | ⲁⲥϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ asčemhēou | ⲁⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ ančemhēou | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ aretenčemhēou | ⲁⲩϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ aučemhēou | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲉⲙϩⲏⲟⲩ are- čemhēou |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |