# 咁

| 咁 | U+5481, &#21633; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5481 |
| ← 咀 [U+5480] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 咂 → [U+5482] |

## Translingual
### Han character

咁 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 口廿一 (RTM), four-corner 6407$_0$, composition ⿰口甘)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 184, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3477
* Dae Jaweon: page 403, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 598, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5481

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).

### Etymology 1

Uncertain. Some postulate that it is the fusion of 個物／个物 (go$^3$ mat$^6$) (Cheung, 2013).

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^3$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^3$
*** Yale: gam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm³³/

#### Definitions

咁
* (Cantonese) so, to such an extent
       zou$^6$ me$^1$ nei$^5$ gam$^3$ mou$^5$ nou$^5$ gaa$^3$? [Jyutping]
       Why are you so stupid?
** 1978, “佛跳牆 [fótiàoqiáng]”, in 許冠傑, 黎彼得 (lyrics), 佛跳牆 (fótiàoqiáng), performed by 許冠傑:
       fat$^6$ tiu$^3$ coeng$^4$, man$^1$ dak$^1$ gam$^3$ gwai$^2$ hoeng$^1$, gin$^3$ dou$^{3-2}$ fat$^6$ tiu$^3$ coeng$^4$, gwai$^2$ dou$^1$ jiu$^3$ zong$^1$ hoeng$^1$ [Jyutping]
       Fotiaoqiang, stewed so darn aromatically; at the sight of fotiaoqiang, even the spirits want to burn incense
** 2004, “魔鬼在戀愛”, in 劉德華 (lyrics), Coffee or Tea, performed by 劉德華:
       jau$^6$ jau$^5$ mat$^1$ gam$^3$ ceot$^1$ kei$^4$ [Jyutping]
       (please add an English translation of this usage example)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 如此 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 如此 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 這麼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 這麼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 這麼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 這樣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 這樣, 這麼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 這麼 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 這麼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 陣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 這麼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 這們, 陣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 這們 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 恁麼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 這麼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 這們 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 這麼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 這們, 這麼, 嘞們 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 這麼, 這樣, 這個樣子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 仲個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 這樣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 陣, 哏 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 這麼, 這樣子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 這們 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 格麼 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 該 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 呢咁, 咁 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 果樣, 拱 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 果 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 咁 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 咁 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 箇 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 該樣 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 箇, 箇史 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 恁 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 恁, 咁 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 恁, 咁 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 咁 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 咁 |
| Hakka | Changting | 仰 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 恁 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 樣 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 咁 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 恁 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 恁 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 爾的 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 這來 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 這啦, 這麼, 這來 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 𱕇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 只滿, 只 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 者滿 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 者滿 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 遮, 遮爾, 遮爾仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 拙, 拙幹 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 拙, 拙爾, 障, 障爾 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 遮爾, 遮爾仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 遮, 遮爾, 遮爾仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 按呢 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 奐, 現, 喝, 遐, 遮, 拙 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 照, 照生 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 照 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 只生 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 偌 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 只, 者 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 更 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 搿能, 搿能介, 搿個能, 介, 實能 dated, 實個能 dated |
| Wu | Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) | 迭能 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 若介, 實介, 能, 能介 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) | 迭個能 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Fengxian) | 迭能 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jinshan) | 格末, 格能介, 着介 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Qingpu) | 介 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 實恁 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) | 實倫 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) | 特能, 迭能, 實能 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 能 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 該實梗, 該尚, 哀實梗, 哀尚, 實梗, 尚 |
| Wu | Danyang | 根 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 價套, 價, 實價套, 實價 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 介 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 該恁, 恁 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 帳, 格生, 格亨, 喪 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 絞麼 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 咯樣 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 這麼 |

##### See also

* 這樣／这样 (zhèyàng), 這麼／这么 (zhème), 那麼／那么 (nàme)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^2$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^2$
*** Yale: gám
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm³⁵/

#### Definitions

咁 (Cantonese)
* Alternative form of 噉
* Alternative form of 減／减

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kám
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám
*** Tâi-lô: kám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: karm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kam⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kam⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam⁴¹/

#### Definitions

咁
* Alternative form of 敢 (“question particle”)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hán (han$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hán
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hán
*** Wade–Giles: han$^2$
*** Yale: hán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harn
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän³⁵/

#### Definitions

咁
* milk

### Etymology 5

* For pronunciation and definitions of 咁 – see 銜 (“to hold in the mouth; to harbor; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 銜).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* so

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かん (kan)、がん (gan)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

咁: Hán Việt readings: hàm, cam, cám
咁: Nôm readings: cam, căm
* chữ Hán Nôm in this term
* 咁

### Verb

咁
* chữ Hán form of căm (“to bear resentment against”).

### References

* Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)