# 末流
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mòliú
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mut$^6$ lau$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): boa̍t-liû
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mòliú
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mòlióu
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^4$-liu$^2$
*** Yale: mwò-lyóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mohliou
*** Palladius: молю (molju)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mòliúr
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mòlióur
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^4$-liu$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: mwò-lyóur
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mohlioul
*** Palladius: молюр (moljur)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ⁵¹ li̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mut$^6$ lau$^4$
*** Yale: muht làuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mut$^9$ lau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mud$^6$ leo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /muːt̚² lɐu̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boa̍t-liû
*** Tâi-lô: bua̍t-liû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boadliuu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /buat̚⁴⁻³² liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /buat̚²⁴⁻² liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /buat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liu¹³/
* Middle Chinese: mat ljuw
Rime :
| Character | 末 | 流 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 末 (64) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 莫撥切 | 力求切 |
| Baxter | mat | ljuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muɑt̚/ | /lɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mʷɑt̚/ | /liu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muɑt̚/ | /liəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwat̚/ | /luw/ |
| Li Rong | /muɑt̚/ | /liu/ |
| Wang Li | /muɑt̚/ | /lĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /muɑt̚/ | /li̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mò | liú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mut$^6$ | lau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤat ru/
    (Zhengzhang): /*maːd ru/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 末 | 流 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mò | liú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mat › | ‹ ljuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁat/ | /*ru/ |
| English | end of a branch | flow (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 末 | 流 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9223 | 8335 |
| Phonetic component | 末 | 流 |
| Rime group | 月 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 末 | 劉 |
| Old Chinese | /*maːd/ | /*ru/ |
| Notes | | 或爲毓省聲 |

### Noun

末流
* downstream regions of a river
* (figurative) later stages of a school of thought, literature, etc.
* (literary, figurative) legacy; heritage
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Wéi wǒ Hàn jì Wǔdì mòliú, jiē Sāndài tǒngyè. [Pinyin]
    This era of ours, the Han, inherits the lasting influences of the Five Sovereigns and continues the unifying exploits of the Three Dynasties.

### Adjective

末流
* inferior; low-class