# ϫⲱ
## Coptic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (reconstructed Classical Coptic) /t͡ʃʼoːʔ/

### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* ϫⲟⲩ (čou) — Akhmimic, Lycopolitan
* ϫⲟⲟⲩⲉ (čooue) — Lycopolitan

#### Verb

ϫⲱ • (čō) (nominal state ϫⲉ-, pronominal state (S, L) ϫⲟⲟ⸗, imperative ⲁϫⲓ⸗, (A, L) ⲉϫⲓ⸗, (B) ⲁϫⲟ⸗ or ⲁϫⲟⲧ⸗, conjunct participle (S, L) ϫⲁⲧ-)
* (Bohairic, Sahidic, Fayyumic, Lycopolitan, Old Coptic, intransitive) to say, speak, tell
* (Bohairic, Sahidic, Fayyumic, Lycopolitan, transitive) to sing

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϫⲱ čō | imperative | affirmative | ϫⲱ čō |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ štemčō | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϫⲱ m̀perčō |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϫⲱ tičō | ⲕϫⲱ kčō | ⲧⲉϫⲱ tečō | ϥϫⲱ fčō | ⲥϫⲱ sčō | ⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ tenčō | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ tetenčō | ⲥⲉϫⲱ sečō | ϫⲱ čō |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϫⲱ eičō | ⲉⲕϫⲱ ekčō | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ erečō | ⲉϥϫⲱ efčō | ⲉⲥϫⲱ esčō | ⲉⲛϫⲱ enčō | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ eretenčō | ⲉⲩϫⲱ eučō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ ere- čō |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϫⲱ etičō | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ etekčō | ⲉⲧⲉϫⲱ etečō | ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲱ etefčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ etesčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etenčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etetenčō | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ etoučō | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ ete- čō |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϫⲱ naičō | ⲛⲁⲕϫⲱ nakčō | ⲛⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ narečō | ⲛⲁϥϫⲱ nafčō | ⲛⲁⲥϫⲱ nasčō | ⲛⲁⲛϫⲱ nančō | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ naretenčō | ⲛⲁⲩϫⲱ naučō | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ nare- čō |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϫⲱ aičō | ⲁⲕϫⲱ akčō | ⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ arečō | ⲁϥϫⲱ afčō | ⲁⲥϫⲱ asčō | ⲁⲛϫⲱ ančō | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ aretenčō | ⲁⲩϫⲱ aučō | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ are- čō |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϫⲱ tinačō | ⲭⲛⲁϫⲱ khnačō | ⲧⲉⲣⲁϫⲱ teračō | ϥⲛⲁϫⲱ fnačō | ⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ snačō | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ tennačō | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ tetennačō | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ senačō | ⲛⲁϫⲱ načō |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁϫⲱ einačō | ⲉⲭⲛⲁϫⲱ ekhnačō | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ erenačō | ⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲱ efnačō | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ esnačō | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ ennačō | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ eretennačō | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲱ eunačō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲱ ere- načō |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϫⲱ etinačō | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϫⲱ etekhnačō | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ etenačō | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲱ etefnačō | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ etesnačō | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ etennačō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ etetennačō | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϫⲱ etounačō | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲱ ete- načō |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϫⲱ nainačō | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϫⲱ nakhnačō | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ narenačō | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϫⲱ nafnačō | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ nasnačō | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ nannačō | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ naretennačō | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϫⲱ naunačō | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲱ nare- načō |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁϫⲱ ainačō | ⲁⲭⲛⲁϫⲱ akhnačō | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ arenačō | ⲁϥⲛⲁϫⲱ afnačō | ⲁⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ asnačō | ⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ annačō | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ aretennačō | ⲁⲩⲛⲁϫⲱ aunačō | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲱ are- načō |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϫⲱ aičō | ⲁⲕϫⲱ akčō | ⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ arečō | ⲁϥϫⲱ afčō | ⲁⲥϫⲱ asčō | ⲁⲛϫⲱ ančō | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ atetenčō | ⲁⲩϫⲱ aučō | ⲁ- ϫⲱ a- čō |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϫⲱ m̀pičō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ m̀pekčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϫⲱ m̀pečō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϫⲱ m̀pefčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϫⲱ m̀pesčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϫⲱ m̀penčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ m̀petenčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ m̀poučō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ m̀pe- čō |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϫⲱ eaičō | ⲉⲁⲕϫⲱ eakčō | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ earečō | ⲉⲁϥϫⲱ eafčō | ⲉⲁⲥϫⲱ easčō | ⲉⲁⲛϫⲱ eančō | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ eatetenčō | ⲉⲁⲩϫⲱ eaučō | ⲉⲁ- ϫⲱ ea- čō |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϫⲱ em̀pičō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ em̀pekčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϫⲱ em̀pečō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϫⲱ em̀pefčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϫⲱ em̀pesčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϫⲱ em̀penčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ em̀petenčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ em̀poučō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ em̀pe- čō |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϫⲱ etaičō | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϫⲱ etakčō | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ etarečō | ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲱ etafčō | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲱ etasčō | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϫⲱ etančō | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etaretenčō | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϫⲱ etaučō | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϫⲱ eta- čō |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓϫⲱ etm̀pičō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ etm̀pekčō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϫⲱ etm̀pečō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϫⲱ etm̀pefčō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϫⲱ etm̀pesčō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϫⲱ etm̀penčō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etm̀petenčō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ etm̀poučō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ etm̀pe- čō |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓϫⲱ neaičō | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϫⲱ neakčō | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ nearečō | ⲛⲉⲁϥϫⲱ neafčō | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϫⲱ neasčō | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϫⲱ neančō | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ neatetenčō | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϫⲱ neaučō | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϫⲱ nea- čō |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϫⲱ nem̀pičō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ nem̀pekčō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϫⲱ nem̀pečō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϫⲱ nem̀pefčō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϫⲱ nem̀pesčō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϫⲱ nem̀penčō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nem̀petenčō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ nem̀poučō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ nem̀pe- čō |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϫⲱ etaičō | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϫⲱ etakčō | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ etarečō | ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲱ etafčō | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲱ etasčō | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϫⲱ etančō | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etaretenčō | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϫⲱ etaučō | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϫⲱ eta- čō |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϫⲱ m̀patičō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ m̀patekčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ m̀patečō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲱ m̀patefčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ m̀patesčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ m̀patenčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ m̀patetenčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ m̀patoučō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ m̀pate- čō |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϫⲱ em̀patičō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ em̀patekčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ em̀patečō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲱ em̀patefčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ em̀patesčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ em̀patenčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ em̀patetenčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ em̀patoučō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ em̀pate- čō |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϫⲱ etm̀patičō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ etm̀patekčō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ etm̀patečō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲱ etm̀patefčō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ etm̀patesčō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etm̀patenčō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etm̀patetenčō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ etm̀patoučō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ etm̀pate- čō |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϫⲱ nam̀patičō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ nam̀patekčō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ nam̀patečō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲱ nam̀patefčō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ nam̀patesčō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nam̀patenčō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nam̀patetenčō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ nam̀patoučō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ nam̀pate- čō |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϫⲱ šaičō | ϣⲁⲕϫⲱ šakčō | ϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ šarečō | ϣⲁϥϫⲱ šafčō | ϣⲁⲥϫⲱ šasčō | ϣⲁⲛϫⲱ šančō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ šatetenčō | ϣⲁⲩϫⲱ šaučō | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ šare- čō |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϫⲱ m̀paičō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϫⲱ m̀pakčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ m̀parečō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϫⲱ m̀pafčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϫⲱ m̀pasčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϫⲱ m̀pančō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ m̀paretenčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϫⲱ m̀paučō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ m̀pare- čō |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϫⲱ ešaičō | ⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱ ešakčō | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ ešarečō | ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱ ešafčō | ⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱ ešasčō | ⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ ešančō | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ ešatetenčō | ⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱ ešaučō | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ ešare- čō |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϫⲱ em̀paičō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϫⲱ em̀pakčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ em̀parečō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϫⲱ em̀pafčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϫⲱ em̀pasčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϫⲱ em̀pančō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ em̀paretenčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϫⲱ em̀paučō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ em̀pare- čō |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓϫⲱ etšaičō | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕϫⲱ etšakčō | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ etšarečō | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥϫⲱ etšafčō | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥϫⲱ etšasčō | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛϫⲱ etšančō | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etšatetenčō | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩϫⲱ etšaučō | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ etšare- čō |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϫⲱ etm̀paičō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϫⲱ etm̀pakčō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ etm̀parečō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϫⲱ etm̀pafčō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϫⲱ etm̀pasčō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϫⲱ etm̀pančō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etm̀paretenčō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϫⲱ etm̀paučō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ etm̀pare- čō |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓϫⲱ našaičō | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕϫⲱ našakčō | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ našarečō | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥϫⲱ našafčō | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥϫⲱ našasčō | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛϫⲱ našančō | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ našatetenčō | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩϫⲱ našaučō | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ našare- čō |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϫⲱ nam̀paičō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϫⲱ nam̀pakčō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ nam̀parečō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϫⲱ nam̀pafčō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϫⲱ nam̀pasčō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϫⲱ nam̀pančō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nam̀paretenčō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϫⲱ nam̀paučō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ nam̀pare- čō |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϫⲱ em̀paičō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϫⲱ em̀pakčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ em̀parečō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϫⲱ em̀pafčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϫⲱ em̀pasčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϫⲱ em̀pančō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ em̀paretenčō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϫⲱ em̀paučō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ em̀pare- čō |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϫⲱ eiečō | ⲉⲕⲉϫⲱ ekečō | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ erečō | ⲉϥⲉϫⲱ efečō | ⲉⲥⲉϫⲱ esečō | ⲉⲛⲉϫⲱ enečō | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲱ eretenečō | ⲉⲩⲉϫⲱ euečō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ ere- čō |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϫⲱ ǹnačō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕϫⲱ ǹnekčō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϫⲱ ǹnečō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϫⲱ ǹnefčō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϫⲱ ǹnesčō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛϫⲱ ǹnenčō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ ǹnetenčō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϫⲱ ǹnoučō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ϫⲱ ǹne- čō |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϫⲱ maričō | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲱ marefčō | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲱ maresčō | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϫⲱ marenčō | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲱ maroučō | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ mare- čō |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϫⲱ m̀penthričō | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϫⲱ m̀penthrefčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϫⲱ m̀penthresčō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϫⲱ m̀penthrenčō | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩϫⲱ m̀penthreučō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ m̀penthre- čō |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁϫⲱ ǹtačō | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ ǹtekčō | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϫⲱ ǹtečō | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϫⲱ ǹtefčō | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ ǹtesčō | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ ǹtenčō | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ ǹtetenčō | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉϫⲱ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ ǹsečō, ǹtoučō | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ ǹte- čō |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϫⲱ taričō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϫⲱ tarekčō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ tarečō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲱ tarefčō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲱ taresčō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛϫⲱ tarenčō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ taretenčō | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲱ taroučō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ tare- čō |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯϫⲱ šatičō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ šatekčō | ϣⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ šatečō | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲱ šatefčō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ šatesčō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ šatenčō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ šatetenčō | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ šatoučō | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ šate- čō |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϫⲱ aišančō | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϫⲱ akšančō | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ arešančō | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϫⲱ afšančō | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϫⲱ asšančō | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲱ anšančō | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲱ aretenšančō | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϫⲱ aušančō | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϫⲱ arešan- čō |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϫⲱ aičō | ⲁⲕϫⲱ akčō | ⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ arečō | ⲁϥϫⲱ afčō | ⲁⲥϫⲱ asčō | ⲁⲛϫⲱ ančō | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ aretenčō | ⲁⲩϫⲱ aučō | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ are- čō |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ϫⲱ čō | imperative | affirmative | ϫⲱ čō |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲱ štemčō | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗϫⲱ, ⲡⲉⲗϫⲱ mpelčō, pelčō |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϫⲱ tičō | ⲕϫⲱ kčō | ⲧⲉϫⲱ tečō | ϥϫⲱ fčō | ⲥϫⲱ sčō | ⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ tenčō | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ tetenčō | ⲥⲉϫⲱ sečō | ϫⲱ čō |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϫⲱ eičō | ⲉⲕϫⲱ ekčō | ⲉⲗⲉϫⲱ elečō | ⲉϥϫⲱ efčō | ⲉⲥϫⲱ esčō | ⲉⲛϫⲱ enčō | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ eletenčō | ⲉⲩϫⲱ eučō | ⲉⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ ele- čō |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϫⲱ etičō | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ etekčō | ⲉⲧⲉϫⲱ etečō | ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲱ etefčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ etesčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etenčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etetenčō | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ etoučō | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ ete- čō, etele- čō |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϫⲱ naičō | ⲛⲁⲕϫⲱ nakčō | ⲛⲁⲗⲉϫⲱ nalečō | ⲛⲁϥϫⲱ nafčō | ⲛⲁⲥϫⲱ nasčō | ⲛⲁⲛϫⲱ nančō | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ naletenčō | ⲛⲁⲩϫⲱ naučō | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ nale- čō |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϫⲱ aičō | ⲁⲕϫⲱ akčō | ⲁⲗⲉϫⲱ alečō | ⲁϥϫⲱ afčō | ⲁⲥϫⲱ asčō | ⲁⲛϫⲱ ančō | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ aletenčō | ⲁⲩϫⲱ aučō | ⲁⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ ale- čō |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉϫⲱ tinečō | ⲕⲛⲉϫⲱ knečō | ⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲱ tenečō | ϥⲛⲉϫⲱ fnečō | ⲥⲛⲉϫⲱ snečō | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲱ tennečō | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲱ tetennečō | ⲥⲉⲛⲉϫⲱ senečō | ⲛⲉϫⲱ nečō |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉϫⲱ einečō | ⲉⲕⲛⲉϫⲱ eknečō | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉϫⲱ elenečō | ⲉϥⲛⲉϫⲱ efnečō | ⲉⲥⲛⲉϫⲱ esnečō | ⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲱ ennečō | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲱ eletennečō | ⲉⲩⲛⲉϫⲱ eunečō | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲱ ele- nečō |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉϫⲱ etinečō | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉϫⲱ eteknečō | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲱ etenečō | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉϫⲱ etefnečō | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉϫⲱ etesnečō | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲱ etennečō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲱ etetennečō | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉϫⲱ etounečō | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲱ etele- nečō |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉϫⲱ nainečō | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉϫⲱ naknečō | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉϫⲱ nalenečō | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉϫⲱ nafnečō | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉϫⲱ nasnečō | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲱ nannečō | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲱ naletennečō | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉϫⲱ naunečō | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲱ nale- nečō |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉϫⲱ ainečō | ⲁⲕⲛⲉϫⲱ aknečō | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉϫⲱ alenečō | ⲁϥⲛⲉϫⲱ afnečō | ⲁⲥⲛⲉϫⲱ asnečō | ⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲱ annečō | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲱ aletennečō | ⲁⲩⲛⲉϫⲱ aunečō | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲱ ale- nečō |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϫⲱ aičō | ⲁⲕϫⲱ akčō | ⲁⲗⲉϫⲱ alečō | ⲁϥϫⲱ afčō | ⲁⲥϫⲱ asčō | ⲁⲛϫⲱ ančō | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ atetenčō | ⲁⲩϫⲱ aučō | ⲁ- ϫⲱ a- čō |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓϫⲱ mpičō | ⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ mpekčō | ⲙⲡⲉϫⲱ mpečō | ⲙⲡⲉϥϫⲱ mpefčō | ⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲱ mpesčō | ⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲱ mpenčō | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ mpetenčō | ⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ mpoučō | ⲙⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ mpe- čō |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϫⲱ eaičō | ⲉⲁⲕϫⲱ eakčō | ⲉⲁⲗⲉϫⲱ ealečō | ⲉⲁϥϫⲱ eafčō | ⲉⲁⲥϫⲱ easčō | ⲉⲁⲛϫⲱ eančō | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ eatetenčō | ⲉⲁⲩϫⲱ eaučō | ⲉⲁ- ϫⲱ ea- čō |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓϫⲱ empičō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ empekčō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϫⲱ empečō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϫⲱ empefčō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲱ empesčō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲱ empenčō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ empetenčō | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ empoučō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ empe- čō |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓϫⲱ ntaičō | ⲛⲧⲁⲕϫⲱ ntakčō | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϫⲱ ntalečō | ⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲱ ntafčō | ⲛⲧⲁⲥϫⲱ ntasčō | ⲛⲧⲁⲛϫⲱ ntančō | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etaletenčō | ⲛⲧⲁⲩϫⲱ ntaučō | ⲛⲧⲁ- ϫⲱ nta- čō |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓϫⲱ etempičō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ etempekčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϫⲱ etempečō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϫⲱ etempefčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲱ etempesčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲱ etempenčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etempetenčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ etempoučō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ etempe- čō |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓϫⲱ nneaičō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕϫⲱ nneakčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϫⲱ nnealečō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥϫⲱ nneafčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥϫⲱ nneasčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛϫⲱ nneančō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nneatetenčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩϫⲱ nneaučō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ϫⲱ nnea- čō |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϫⲱ nnempičō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ nnempekčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϫⲱ nnempečō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϫⲱ nnempefčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲱ nnempesčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲱ nnempenčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nnempetenčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ nnempoučō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ nnempe- čō |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓϫⲱ aaičō | ⲁⲁⲕϫⲱ aakčō | ⲁⲁⲗⲉϫⲱ aalečō | ⲁⲁϥϫⲱ aafčō | ⲁⲁⲥϫⲱ aasčō | ⲁⲁⲛϫⲱ aančō | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etaletenčō | ⲁⲁⲩϫⲱ aaučō | ⲁⲁ- ϫⲱ aa- čō |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯϫⲱ mpatičō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ mpatekčō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ mpatečō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲱ mpatefčō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ mpatesčō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ mpatenčō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ mpatetenčō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ mpatoučō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ mpate- čō |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϫⲱ empatičō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ empatekčō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ empatečō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲱ empatefčō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ empatesčō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ empatenčō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ empatetenčō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ empatoučō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ empate- čō |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϫⲱ etempatičō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ etempatekčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ etempatečō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲱ etempatefčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ etempatesčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etempatenčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etempatetenčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ etempatoučō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ etempate- čō |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϫⲱ nnempatičō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ nnempatekčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ nnempatečō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲱ nnempatefčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ nnempatesčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nnempatenčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nnempatetenčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ nnempatoučō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ nnempate- čō |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϫⲱ šaičō | ϣⲁⲕϫⲱ šakčō | ϣⲁⲗⲉϫⲱ šalečō | ϣⲁϥϫⲱ šafčō | ϣⲁⲥϫⲱ šasčō | ϣⲁⲛϫⲱ šančō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ šatetenčō | ϣⲁⲩϫⲱ šaučō | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ šale- čō |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓϫⲱ meičō | ⲙⲉⲕϫⲱ mekčō | ⲙⲉⲗⲉϫⲱ melečō | ⲙⲉϥϫⲱ mefčō | ⲙⲉⲥϫⲱ mesčō | ⲙⲉⲛϫⲱ menčō | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ meletenčō | ⲙⲉⲩϫⲱ meučō | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ mele- čō |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϫⲱ ešaičō | ⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱ ešakčō | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉϫⲱ ešalečō | ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱ ešafčō | ⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱ ešasčō | ⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ ešančō | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ ešatetenčō | ⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱ ešaučō | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ ešale- čō |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓϫⲱ emeičō | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϫⲱ emekčō | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉϫⲱ emelečō | ⲉⲙⲉϥϫⲱ emefčō | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϫⲱ emesčō | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϫⲱ emenčō | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ emeletenčō | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϫⲱ emeučō | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ emele- čō |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓϫⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲓϫⲱ etešaičō, nšaičō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲕϫⲱ etešakčō, nšakčō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉϫⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉϫⲱ etešalečō, nšalečō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱ, ⲛϣⲁϥϫⲱ etešafčō, nšafčō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲥϫⲱ etešasčō, nšasčō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲱ etešančō, nšančō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etešatetenčō, nšatetenčō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲩϫⲱ etešaučō, nšaučō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ etešale- čō, nšale- čō |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓϫⲱ etemeičō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϫⲱ etemekčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉϫⲱ etemelečō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϫⲱ etemefčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϫⲱ etemesčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϫⲱ etemenčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etemeletenčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϫⲱ etemeučō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ etemele- čō |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓϫⲱ nnešaičō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱ nnešakčō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉϫⲱ nnešalečō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱ nnešafčō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱ nnešasčō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ nnešančō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nnešatetenčō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱ nnešaučō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ nnešale- čō |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓϫⲱ nnemeičō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϫⲱ nnemekčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉϫⲱ nnemelečō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϫⲱ nnemefčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϫⲱ nnemesčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϫⲱ nnemenčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nnemeletenčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϫⲱ nnemeučō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ nnemele- čō |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓϫⲱ nmeičō | ⲛⲙⲉⲕϫⲱ nmekčō | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉϫⲱ nmelečō | ⲛⲙⲉϥϫⲱ nmefčō | ⲛⲙⲉⲥϫⲱ nmesčō | ⲛⲙⲉⲛϫⲱ nmenčō | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nmeletenčō | ⲛⲙⲉⲩϫⲱ nmeučō | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ nmele- čō |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϫⲱ eiečō | ⲉⲕⲉϫⲱ ekečō | ⲉⲗⲉϫⲱ elečō | ⲉϥⲉϫⲱ efečō | ⲉⲥⲉϫⲱ esečō | ⲉⲛⲉϫⲱ enečō | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲱ eletenečō | ⲉⲩⲉϫⲱ euečō | ⲉⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ ele- čō |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ nnačō | ⲛⲛⲉⲕϫⲱ nnekčō | ⲛⲛⲉϫⲱ nnečō | ⲛⲛⲉϥϫⲱ nnefčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲥϫⲱ nnesčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲛϫⲱ nnenčō | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nnetenčō | ⲛⲛⲟⲩϫⲱ nnoučō | ⲛⲛⲉ- ϫⲱ nne- čō |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓϫⲱ maličō | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥϫⲱ malefčō | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥϫⲱ malesčō | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛϫⲱ malenčō | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩϫⲱ maloučō | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ male- čō |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓϫⲱ mpeltričō | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥϫⲱ mpeltrefčō | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥϫⲱ mpeltresčō | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛϫⲱ mpeltrenčō | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩϫⲱ mpeltreučō | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ mpeltre- čō |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁϫⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁϫⲱ tačō, ntačō | ⲛⲕϫⲱ nkčō | ⲛⲧⲉϫⲱ ntečō | ⲛϥϫⲱ nfčō | ⲛⲥϫⲱ nsčō | ⲛⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ ntenčō | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ ntetenčō | ⲛⲥⲉϫⲱ nsečō | ⲛⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ nte- čō |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓϫⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓϫⲱ taličō, ntaličō | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕϫⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕϫⲱ talekčō, ntalekčō | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϫⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϫⲱ talečō, ntalečō | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥϫⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥϫⲱ talefčō, ntalefčō | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥϫⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥϫⲱ talesčō, ntalesčō | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛϫⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛϫⲱ talenčō, ntalenčō | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ taletenčō, ntaletenčō | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩϫⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩϫⲱ taloučō, ntaloučō | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ tale- čō, ntale- čō |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓϫⲱ nteličō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕϫⲱ ntelekčō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϫⲱ ntelečō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥϫⲱ ntelefčō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥϫⲱ ntelesčō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛϫⲱ ntelenčō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ nteletenčō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩϫⲱ nteloučō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ ntele- čō |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϫⲱ šantičō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ šantekčō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϫⲱ šantečō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥϫⲱ šantefčō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ šantesčō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ šantenčō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ šantetenčō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ šantoučō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ šante- čō |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛϫⲱ eišančō | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϫⲱ ekšančō | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ elešančō | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϫⲱ efšančō | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϫⲱ esšančō | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲱ enšančō | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲱ eletenšančō | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϫⲱ eušančō | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϫⲱ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ϫⲱ elešan- čō, elšan- čō |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϫⲱ aičō | ⲁⲕϫⲱ akčō | ⲁⲗⲉϫⲱ alečō | ⲁϥϫⲱ afčō | ⲁⲥϫⲱ asčō | ⲁⲛϫⲱ ančō | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ aletenčō | ⲁⲩϫⲱ aučō | ⲁⲗⲉ- ϫⲱ ale- čō |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ϫⲱ čō | imperative | affirmative | ϫⲱ čō |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ϫⲱ tm̄čō | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛϫⲱ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲱ m̄nčō, m̄pr̄čō |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϫⲱ tičō | ⲕϫⲱ kčō | ⲧⲉϫⲱ tečō | ϥϫⲱ fčō | ⲥϫⲱ sčō | ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ tn̄čō | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ tetn̄čō | ⲥⲉϫⲱ sečō | ϫⲱ čō |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱ eïčō | ⲉⲕϫⲱ ekčō | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ erečō | ⲉϥϫⲱ efčō | ⲉⲥϫⲱ esčō | ⲉⲛϫⲱ enčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etetn̄čō | ⲉⲩϫⲱ eučō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ ere- čō |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϫⲱ etičō | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ etk̄čō, etekčō | ⲉⲧⲉϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ etečō, eterečō | ⲉⲧϥ̄ϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲱ etf̄čō, etefčō | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ ets̄čō, etesčō | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ etn̄čō, etenčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etetn̄čō | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ etoučō | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ etere- čō, ete- čō |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱ neïčō | ⲛⲉⲕϫⲱ nekčō | ⲛⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ nerečō | ⲛⲉϥϫⲱ nefčō | ⲛⲉⲥϫⲱ nesčō | ⲛⲉⲛϫⲱ nenčō | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ netetn̄čō | ⲛⲉⲩϫⲱ neučō | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ nere- čō |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϫⲱ tinačō | ⲕⲛⲁϫⲱ knačō | ⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ tenačō | ϥⲛⲁϫⲱ fnačō | ⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ snačō | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱ tn̄načō | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲱ tetnačō | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ senačō | ⲛⲁϫⲱ načō |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϫⲱ eïnačō | ⲉⲕⲛⲁϫⲱ eknačō | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ erenačō | ⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲱ efnačō | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ esnačō | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ ennačō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲱ etetnačō | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲱ eunačō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲱ ere- načō |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϫⲱ etinačō | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱ etk̄načō | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ etenačō, eterenačō | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱ etf̄načō | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱ ets̄načō | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱ etn̄načō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲱ etetnačō | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϫⲱ etounačō | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲱ etere- načō |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϫⲱ neïnačō | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϫⲱ neknačō | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ nerenačō | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲱ nefnačō | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ nesnačō | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ nennačō | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲱ netetnačō | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲱ neunačō | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲱ nere- načō |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ aïčō | ⲁⲕϫⲱ akčō | ⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ arečō | ⲁϥϫⲱ afčō | ⲁⲥϫⲱ asčō | ⲁⲛϫⲱ ančō | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ atetn̄čō | ⲁⲩϫⲱ aučō | ⲁ- ϫⲱ a- čō |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϫⲱ m̄pičō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϫⲱ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ m̄pk̄čō, m̄pekčō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϫⲱ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲱ m̄pečō, m̄pr̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϫⲱ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϥϫⲱ m̄pf̄čō, m̄pefčō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϫⲱ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥϫⲱ m̄ps̄čō, m̄pesčō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲱ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛϫⲱ m̄pn̄čō, m̄penčō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ m̄petn̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ m̄poučō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ m̄pe- čō |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ eaïčō | ⲉⲁⲕϫⲱ eakčō | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ earečō | ⲉⲁϥϫⲱ eafčō | ⲉⲁⲥϫⲱ easčō | ⲉⲁⲛϫⲱ eančō | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ eatetn̄čō | ⲉⲁⲩϫⲱ eaučō | ⲉⲁ- ϫⲱ ea- čō |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓϫⲱ empičō | ⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϫⲱ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ empk̄čō, empekčō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϫⲱ, ⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ϫⲱ empečō, empr̄čō | ⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϫⲱ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ empk̄čō, empekčō | ⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ϫⲱ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲱ emps̄čō, empesčō | ⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ϫⲱ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲱ empn̄čō, empenčō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ empetn̄čō | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ empoučō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ empe- čō |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ etaïčō, n̄taïčō | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϫⲱ etakčō, n̄takčō | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲱϫⲱ etarečō, n̄tačōčō | ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲱ etafčō, n̄tafčō | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϫⲱ etasčō, n̄tasčō | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϫⲱ etančō, n̄tančō | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etatetn̄čō, n̄tatetn̄čō | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϫⲱ etaučō, n̄taučō | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϫⲱ eta- čō, n̄ta- čō |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓϫⲱ etempičō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ etempk̄čō, etempekčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ϫⲱ etempečō, etempr̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ etempk̄čō, etempekčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲱ etemps̄čō, etempesčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲱ etempn̄čō, etempenčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etempetn̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ etempoučō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ etempe- čō |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ neaïčō | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϫⲱ neakčō | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ nearečō | ⲛⲉⲁϥϫⲱ neafčō | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϫⲱ neasčō | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϫⲱ neančō | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ neatetn̄čō | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϫⲱ neaučō | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϫⲱ nea- čō |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϫⲱ nempičō | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϫⲱ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ nempk̄čō, nempekčō | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϫⲱ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ϫⲱ nempečō, nempr̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϫⲱ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲱ nempk̄čō, nempekčō | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ϫⲱ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲱ nemps̄čō, nempesčō | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ϫⲱ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲱ nempn̄čō, nempenčō | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ nempetn̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ nempoučō | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ nempe- čō |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ n̄taïčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϫⲱ n̄takčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ n̄tarečō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲱ n̄tafčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϫⲱ n̄tasčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϫⲱ n̄tančō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ n̄tatetn̄čō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϫⲱ n̄taučō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϫⲱ n̄ta- čō |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲱ m̄patičō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱ m̄patk̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ m̄patečō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲱ m̄patf̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱ m̄pats̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ m̄patn̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ m̄patetn̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ m̄patoučō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ m̄pate- čō |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲱ em̄patičō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱ em̄patk̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ em̄patečō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲱ em̄patf̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱ em̄pats̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ em̄patn̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ em̄patetn̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ em̄patoučō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ em̄pate- čō |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲱ etem̄patičō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱ etem̄patk̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ etem̄patečō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲱ etem̄patf̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱ etem̄pats̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etem̄patn̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etem̄patetn̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ etem̄patoučō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ etem̄pate- čō |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲱ nem̄patičō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱ nem̄patk̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ nem̄patečō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲱ nem̄patf̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱ nem̄pats̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ nem̄patn̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ nem̄patetn̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ nem̄patoučō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ nem̄pate- čō |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ šaïčō | ϣⲁⲕϫⲱ šakčō | ϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ šarečō | ϣⲁϥϫⲱ šafčō | ϣⲁⲥϫⲱ šasčō | ϣⲁⲛϫⲱ šančō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ šatetn̄čō | ϣⲁⲩϫⲱ šaučō | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ šare- čō |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ maïčō | ⲙⲁⲕϫⲱ makčō | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ marečō | ⲙⲁϥϫⲱ mafčō | ⲙⲁⲥϫⲱ masčō | ⲙⲁⲛϫⲱ mančō | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ matetn̄čō | ⲙⲁⲩϫⲱ maučō | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ mare- čō |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ ešaïčō | ⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱ ešakčō | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ ešarečō | ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱ ešafčō | ⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱ ešasčō | ⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ ešančō | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ ešatetn̄čō | ⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱ ešaučō | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ ešare- čō |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ emaïčō | ⲉⲙⲁⲕϫⲱ emakčō | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ emarečō | ⲉⲙⲁϥϫⲱ emafčō | ⲉⲙⲁⲥϫⲱ emasčō | ⲉⲙⲁⲛϫⲱ emančō | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ ematetn̄čō | ⲉⲙⲁⲩϫⲱ emaučō | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ emare- čō |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ etešaïčō, ešaïčō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱ etešakčō, ešakčō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ etešarečō, ešarečō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱ etešafčō, ešafčō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱ etešasčō, ešasčō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ etešančō, ešančō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etešatetn̄čō, ešatetn̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱ etešaučō, ešaučō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ etešare- čō, ešare- čō |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ etemaïčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕϫⲱ etemakčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ etemarečō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥϫⲱ etemafčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥϫⲱ etemasčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛϫⲱ etemančō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etematetn̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩϫⲱ etemaučō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ etemare- čō |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ nešaïčō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱ nešakčō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ nešarečō | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱ nešafčō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱ nešasčō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ nešančō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ nešatetn̄čō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱ nešaučō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ nešare- čō |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ nemaïčō | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕϫⲱ nemakčō | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ nemarečō | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥϫⲱ nemafčō | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥϫⲱ nemasčō | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛϫⲱ nemančō | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ nematetn̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩϫⲱ nemaučō | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ nemare- čō |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ emaïčō | ⲉⲙⲁⲕϫⲱ emakčō | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ emarečō | ⲉⲙⲁϥϫⲱ emafčō | ⲉⲙⲁⲥϫⲱ emasčō | ⲉⲙⲁⲛϫⲱ emančō | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ ematetn̄čō | ⲉⲙⲁⲩϫⲱ emaučō | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ emare- čō |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲁϫⲱ eïačō | ⲉⲕⲁϫⲱ ekačō | ⲉⲣⲁϫⲱ eračō | ⲉϥⲁϫⲱ efačō | ⲉⲥⲁϫⲱ esačō | ⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ enačō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲱ etetnačō | ⲉⲩⲁϫⲱ euačō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ ere- čō |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁϫⲱ načō | ⲛⲉⲕϫⲱ nekčō | ⲛⲉϫⲱ nečō | ⲛⲉϥϫⲱ nefčō | ⲛⲉⲥϫⲱ nesčō | ⲛⲉⲛϫⲱ nenčō | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ netn̄čō | ⲛⲉⲩϫⲱ neučō | ⲛⲉ- ϫⲱ ne- čō |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϫⲱ maričō | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲱ marefčō | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲱ maresčō | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϫⲱ marn̄čō | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲱ maroučō | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ mare- čō |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲁϫⲱ m̄prtračō | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉϥϫⲱ m̄prtrefčō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲥϫⲱ m̄prtresčō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲛϫⲱ m̄prtrenčō | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲩϫⲱ m̄prtreučō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲱⲣⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ m̄pōrte- čō |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲱ, ⲧⲁϫⲱ n̄tačō, tačō | ⲛ̄ⲅϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲕϫⲱ, ⲕϫⲱ n̄gčō, n̄kčō, kčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϫⲱ, ⲧⲉϫⲱ n̄tečō, tečō | ⲛ̄ϥϫⲱ, ϥϫⲱ n̄fčō, fčō | ⲛ̄ⲥϫⲱ, ⲥϫⲱ n̄sčō, sčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ, ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ n̄tn̄čō, tn̄čō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ, ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ n̄tetn̄čō, tetn̄čō | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϫⲱ, ⲥⲉϫⲱ n̄sečō, sečō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ n̄te- čō |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϫⲱ taričō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϫⲱ tarekčō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ tarečō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲱ tarefčō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲱ taresčō | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϫⲱ tarn̄čō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ taretn̄čō | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲱ taroučō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ tare- čō |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓϫⲱ n̄taričō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϫⲱ n̄tarekčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ n̄tarečō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲱ n̄tarefčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲱ n̄taresčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϫⲱ n̄tarn̄čō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ n̄taretn̄čō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲱ n̄taroučō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ n̄tare- čō |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϫⲱ šantičō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕϫⲱ šantk̄čō, šantekčō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϫⲱ šantečō | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϫⲱ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥϫⲱ šantf̄čō, šantefčō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥϫⲱ šants̄čō, šantesčō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ šantn̄čō, šantenčō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ šantetn̄čō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ šantoučō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ šante- čō |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϫⲱ eïšančō | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϫⲱ ekšančō | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϫⲱ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ eršančō, erešančō | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϫⲱ efšančō | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϫⲱ esšančō | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲱ enšančō | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ ešantetn̄čō | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϫⲱ eušančō | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ, ⲉⲣϣⲁ- ϫⲱ ešante- čō, erša- čō |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱ eïčō | ⲉⲕϫⲱ ekčō | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ erečō | ⲉϥϫⲱ efčō | ⲉⲥϫⲱ esčō | ⲉⲛϫⲱ enčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etetn̄čō | ⲉⲩϫⲱ eučō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ ere- čō |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ϫⲱ čō | imperative | affirmative | ϫⲱ čō |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ϫⲱ tm̄čō | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲱ m̄pr̄čō |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϫⲱ tičō | ⲕϫⲱ kčō | ⲧⲉϫⲱ tečō | ϥϫⲱ fčō | ⲥϫⲱ sčō | ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ tn̄čō | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ tetn̄čō | ⲥⲉϫⲱ sečō | ϫⲱ čō |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱ eïčō | ⲉⲕϫⲱ ekčō | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ erečō | ⲉϥϫⲱ efčō | ⲉⲥϫⲱ esčō | ⲉⲛϫⲱ enčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etetn̄čō | ⲉⲩϫⲱ eučō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ ere- čō |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϫⲱ etičō | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱ etk̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ etečō, eterečō | ⲉⲧϥ̄ϫⲱ etf̄čō | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱ ets̄čō | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etn̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etetn̄čō | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ etoučō | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ etere- čō |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱ neïčō | ⲛⲉⲕϫⲱ nekčō | ⲛⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ nerečō | ⲛⲉϥϫⲱ nefčō | ⲛⲉⲥϫⲱ nesčō | ⲛⲉⲛϫⲱ nenčō | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ netetn̄čō | ⲛⲉⲩϫⲱ neučō | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ nere- čō |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϫⲱ tinačō | ⲕⲛⲁϫⲱ knačō | ⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ tenačō | ϥⲛⲁϫⲱ fnačō | ⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ snačō | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱ tn̄načō | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲱ tetnačō | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ senačō | ⲛⲁϫⲱ načō |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϫⲱ eïnačō | ⲉⲕⲛⲁϫⲱ eknačō | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ erenačō | ⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲱ efnačō | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ esnačō | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ ennačō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲱ etetnačō | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲱ eunačō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲱ ere- načō |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϫⲱ etinačō | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱ etk̄načō | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ etenačō, eterenačō | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱ etf̄načō | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱ ets̄načō | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱ etn̄načō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲱ etetnačō | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϫⲱ etounačō | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲱ etere- načō |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϫⲱ neïnačō | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϫⲱ neknačō | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲱ nerenačō | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲱ nefnačō | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲱ nesnačō | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ nennačō | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲱ netetnačō | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲱ neunačō | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲱ nere- načō |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ aïčō | ⲁⲕϫⲱ akčō | ⲁϫⲱ, ⲁⲣϫⲱ, ⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ ačō, arčō, arečō | ⲁϥϫⲱ afčō | ⲁⲥϫⲱ asčō | ⲁⲛϫⲱ ančō | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ atetn̄čō | ⲁⲩϫⲱ aučō | ⲁ- ϫⲱ a- čō |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϫⲱ m̄pičō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϫⲱ m̄pk̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϫⲱ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲱ m̄pečō, m̄pr̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϫⲱ m̄pf̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϫⲱ m̄ps̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲱ m̄pn̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ m̄petn̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ m̄poučō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ m̄pe- čō |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ eaïčō | ⲉⲁⲕϫⲱ eakčō | ⲉⲁϫⲱ, ⲉⲁⲣϫⲱ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ eačō, earčō, earečō | ⲉⲁϥϫⲱ eafčō | ⲉⲁⲥϫⲱ easčō | ⲉⲁⲛϫⲱ eančō | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ eatetn̄čō | ⲉⲁⲩϫⲱ eaučō | ⲉⲁ- ϫⲱ ea- čō |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϫⲱ em̄pičō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϫⲱ em̄pk̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϫⲱ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲱ em̄pečō, em̄pr̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϫⲱ em̄pf̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϫⲱ em̄ps̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲱ em̄pn̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ em̄petn̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ em̄poučō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ em̄pe- čō |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ entaïčō, n̄taïčō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϫⲱ entakčō, n̄takčō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲱ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϫⲱ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ entačō, n̄tačō, entarčō, n̄tarčō, entarečō, n̄tarečō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲱ entafčō, n̄tafčō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϫⲱ entasčō, n̄tasčō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϫⲱ entančō, n̄tančō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ entatetn̄čō, n̄tatetn̄čō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϫⲱ entaučō, n̄taučō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϫⲱ enta- čō, n̄ta- čō |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϫⲱ etem̄pičō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϫⲱ etem̄pk̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϫⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲱ etem̄pečō, etem̄pr̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϫⲱ etem̄pf̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϫⲱ etem̄ps̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲱ etem̄pn̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etem̄petn̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ etem̄poučō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ etem̄pe- čō |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ neaïčō | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϫⲱ neakčō | ⲛⲉⲁϫⲱ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣϫⲱ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ neačō, nearčō, nearečō | ⲛⲉⲁϥϫⲱ neafčō | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϫⲱ neasčō | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϫⲱ neančō | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ neatetn̄čō | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϫⲱ neaučō | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϫⲱ nea- čō |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϫⲱ nem̄pičō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϫⲱ nem̄pk̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϫⲱ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲱ nem̄pečō, nem̄pr̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϫⲱ nem̄pf̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϫⲱ nem̄ps̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲱ nem̄pn̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ nem̄petn̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϫⲱ nem̄poučō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϫⲱ nem̄pe- čō |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ n̄taïčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϫⲱ n̄takčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ n̄tačō, n̄tarčō, n̄tarečō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲱ n̄tafčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϫⲱ n̄tasčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϫⲱ n̄tančō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ n̄tatetn̄čō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϫⲱ n̄taučō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϫⲱ n̄ta- čō |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲱ m̄patičō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱ m̄patk̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ m̄patečō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲱ m̄patf̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱ m̄pats̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ m̄patn̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ m̄patetn̄čō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ m̄patoučō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ m̄pate- čō |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲱ em̄patičō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱ em̄patk̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ em̄patečō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲱ em̄patf̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱ em̄pats̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ em̄patn̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ em̄patetn̄čō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ em̄patoučō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ em̄pate- čō |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲱ etem̄patičō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱ etem̄patk̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ etem̄patečō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲱ etem̄patf̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱ etem̄pats̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etem̄patn̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etem̄patetn̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ etem̄patoučō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ etem̄pate- čō |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲱ nem̄patičō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱ nem̄patk̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲱ nem̄patečō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲱ nem̄patf̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱ nem̄pats̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ nem̄patn̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ nem̄patetn̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ nem̄patoučō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ nem̄pate- čō |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ šaïčō | ϣⲁⲕϫⲱ šakčō | ϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ šarečō | ϣⲁϥϫⲱ šafčō | ϣⲁⲥϫⲱ šasčō | ϣⲁⲛϫⲱ šančō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ šatetn̄čō | ϣⲁⲩϫⲱ šaučō | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ šare- čō |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱ meïčō | ⲙⲉⲕϫⲱ mekčō | ⲙⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ merečō | ⲙⲉϥϫⲱ mefčō | ⲙⲉⲥϫⲱ mesčō | ⲙⲉⲛϫⲱ menčō | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ metetn̄čō | ⲙⲉⲩϫⲱ meučō | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ mere- čō |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ ešaïčō | ⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱ ešakčō | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ ešarečō | ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱ ešafčō | ⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱ ešasčō | ⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ ešančō | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ ešatetn̄čō | ⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱ ešaučō | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ ešare- čō |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱ emeïčō | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϫⲱ emekčō | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ emerečō | ⲉⲙⲉϥϫⲱ emefčō | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϫⲱ emesčō | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϫⲱ emenčō | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ emetetn̄čō | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϫⲱ emeučō | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ emere- čō |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ etešaïčō, ešaïčō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱ etešakčō, ešakčō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ etešarečō, ešarečō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱ etešafčō, ešafčō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱ etešasčō, ešasčō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ etešančō, ešančō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etešatetn̄čō, ešatetn̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱ etešaučō, ešaučō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ etešare- čō, ešare- čō |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱ etemeïčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϫⲱ etemekčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ etemerečō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϫⲱ etemefčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϫⲱ etemesčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϫⲱ etemenčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etemetetn̄čō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϫⲱ etemeučō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ etemere- čō |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲱ nešaïčō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲱ nešakčō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ nešarečō | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϫⲱ nešafčō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲱ nešasčō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ nešančō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ nešatetn̄čō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲱ nešaučō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ nešare- čō |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱ nemeïčō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϫⲱ nemekčō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ nemerečō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϫⲱ nemefčō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϫⲱ nemesčō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϫⲱ nemenčō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ nemetetn̄čō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϫⲱ nemeučō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ nemere- čō |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱ emeïčō | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϫⲱ emekčō | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ emerečō | ⲉⲙⲉϥϫⲱ emefčō | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϫⲱ emesčō | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϫⲱ emenčō | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ emetetn̄čō | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϫⲱ emeučō | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ emere- čō |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉϫⲱ eïečō | ⲉⲕⲉϫⲱ ekečō | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ erečō | ⲉϥⲉϫⲱ efečō | ⲉⲥⲉϫⲱ esečō | ⲉⲛⲉϫⲱ enečō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉϫⲱ etetnečō | ⲉⲩⲉϫⲱ euečō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ ere- čō |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲱ n̄načō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕϫⲱ n̄nekčō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲱ n̄nečō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϫⲱ n̄nefčō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥϫⲱ n̄nesčō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛϫⲱ n̄nenčō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ n̄netn̄čō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϫⲱ n̄neučō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ϫⲱ n̄ne- čō |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϫⲱ maričō | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲱ marefčō | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲱ maresčō | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϫⲱ marn̄čō | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲱ maroučō | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ mare- čō |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁϫⲱ m̄pr̄tračō | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥϫⲱ m̄pr̄trefčō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥϫⲱ m̄pr̄tresčō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛϫⲱ m̄pr̄trenčō | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩϫⲱ m̄pr̄treučō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ m̄pr̄tre- čō |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲱ, ⲧⲁϫⲱ n̄tačō, tačō | ⲛ̄ⲅϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲕϫⲱ n̄gčō, n̄kčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϫⲱ n̄tečō | ⲛ̄ϥϫⲱ n̄fčō | ⲛ̄ⲥϫⲱ n̄sčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ n̄tn̄čō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ n̄tetn̄čō | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϫⲱ n̄sečō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ n̄te- čō |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϫⲱ taričō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϫⲱ tarekčō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲱ tarečō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲱ tarefčō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲱ taresčō | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϫⲱ tarn̄čō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ taretn̄čō | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲱ taroučō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ tare- čō |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓϫⲱ n̄teričō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕϫⲱ n̄terekčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣϫⲱ n̄terečō, n̄tererčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥϫⲱ n̄terefčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϫⲱ n̄teresčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ϫⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛϫⲱ n̄tern̄čō, n̄terenčō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ n̄teretn̄čō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϫⲱ n̄teroučō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ n̄tere- čō |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϫⲱ šantičō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϫⲱ šantk̄čō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϫⲱ šantečō | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϫⲱ šantf̄čō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϫⲱ šants̄čō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ šantn̄čō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ šantetn̄čō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϫⲱ šantoučō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϫⲱ šante- čō |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϫⲱ eïšančō | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϫⲱ ekšančō | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϫⲱ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲱ eršančō, erešančō | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϫⲱ efšančō | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϫⲱ esšančō | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲱ enšančō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛϫⲱ etetn̄šančō | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϫⲱ eušančō | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ϫⲱ eršan- čō |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ϫⲱ eïčō | ⲉⲕϫⲱ ekčō | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲱ erečō | ⲉϥϫⲱ efčō | ⲉⲥϫⲱ esčō | ⲉⲛϫⲱ enčō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲱ etetn̄čō | ⲉⲩϫⲱ eučō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲱ ere- čō |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

#### Noun

ϫⲱ • (čō) m (plural ϫⲱⲟⲩⲓ (čōoui))
* (Bohairic, Sahidic, Fayyumic) song, singing

##### Related terms

* ϫⲟⲥ (čos, “saying, speech, claim”) (Bohairic)
* ⲁⲧϫⲱ (atčō, “ineffable”)
* ⲣⲉϥϫⲉ- (refče-, “sayer, speaker”)
* ⲣⲉϥϫⲱ (refčō, “singer, minstrel”)
* ϭⲓⲛϫⲟⲟⲥ (cinčoos, “saying, speech”)

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* ϫⲟⲩ (čou) — Akhmimic

#### Noun

ϫⲱ • (čō) m
* (Sahidic, Lycopolitan) cup

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

ϫⲱ • (čō)
* (Bohairic, Sahidic) Alternative form of ϫⲟⲓ (čoi), ϫⲟⲉ (čoe), ϫⲱⲓ (čōi) ("wall")

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

ϫⲱ • (čō)
* (Sahidic) Alternative form of ϫⲟ (čo, “to put, send forth, spend”)

### Etymology 5
#### Verb

ϫⲱ • (čō)
* (Sahidic) Alternative form of ϫⲟ (čo, “to sow, plant”)

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
* Marcion Coptic dictionary
* TLA lemma no. C7089 (ϫⲱ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA), (accessed 2024-09-18).
* TLA lemma no. C7091 (ϫⲱ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA), (accessed 2024-09-18).