# 叮嚀
## Chinese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from 丁寧 (bell)?”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dīngníng
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄥ ㄋㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ding$^1$ ning$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tên-nèn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): teng-lêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dêng$^1$ lêng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dīngníng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄥ ㄋㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dingníng
*** Wade–Giles: ting$^1$-ning$^2$
*** Yale: dīng-níng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dingning
*** Palladius: диннин (dinnin)
*** Sinological IPA : /tiŋ⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ding$^1$ ning$^4$
*** Yale: dīng nìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ding$^1$ ning$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ding$^1$ ning$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɪŋ⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tên-nèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: den$^ˊ$ nen$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: den$^1$ nen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ten²⁴ nen¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: teng-lêng
*** Tâi-lô: ting-lîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dengleeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɪŋ³³ liɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dêng$^1$ lêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: teng lêng
*** Sinological IPA : /teŋ³³⁻²³ leŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: teng neng
Rime :
| Character | 叮 | 嚀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 當經切 | 奴丁切 |
| Baxter | teng | neng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /teŋ/ | /neŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /teŋ/ | /neŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɛŋ/ | /nɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tɛjŋ/ | /nɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /teŋ/ | /neŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /tieŋ/ | /nieŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tieŋ/ | /nieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dīng | níng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ding$^1$ | ning$^4$ |

### Verb

叮嚀
* to exhort; to urge; to advise repeatedly

#### Synonyms

* 交代 (jiāodài)
* 交帶／交带 (gaau$^1$ daai$^3$) (Cantonese, Hokkien)
* 付囑／付嘱 (fùzhǔ) (obsolete)
* 叮囑／叮嘱 (dīngzhǔ)
* 吩咐 (fēnfù)
* 囑咐／嘱咐 (zhǔfù)
* 招呼 (zhāohū)
* 讓／让 (ràng)

### Noun

叮嚀
* repeated advice; urging; admonition
    遵守媽媽的叮嚀／遵守妈妈的叮咛 ― zūnshǒu māma de dīngníng ― to follow mum's advice

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 丁(てい)寧(ねい) (teinei)
* → Korean: 정녕(叮嚀) (jeongnyeong)
* → Vietnamese: đinh ninh (叮嚀)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 叮 | 嚀 |
| てい Hyōgai | ねい Hyōgai |
| kan'on ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 叮嚀 – see the following entry. :
| 【丁寧ていねい】 | [adjective] polite, civil, courteous [adjective] careful [adjective] This term needs a translation to English. [noun] politeness, courteousness [noun] care [noun] This term needs a translation to English. |
(This term, 叮嚀, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 叮 | 嚀 |

### Adverb

叮嚀 • (jeongnyeong) (hangeul 정녕)
* hanja form of 정녕 (“certainly, definitively, really”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 叮 | 嚀 |

### Verb

叮嚀
* chữ Hán form of đinh ninh (“to be absolutely sure, to be certain”).