# 彤

| 彤 | U+5F64, &#24420; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F64 |
| ← 彣 [U+5F63] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 彥 → [U+5F65] |

## Translingual
### Han character

彤 (Kangxi radical 59, 彡+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月卜竹竹竹 (BYHHH), four-corner 7242$_2$, composition ⿰丹彡)

#### Derived characters

* 浵 烿

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 363, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9972
* Dae Jaweon: page 682, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 853, character 2
* Unihan data for U+5F64

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 杉 | *sreːm |
| 彡 | *sroːm, *slom |
| 衫 | *sroːm |
| 髟 | *priw, *piw, *sroːm |
| 釤 | *sraːms |
| 䑣 | *l̥ʰun |
| 彤 | *l'uːŋ |
| 浵 | *l'uːŋ |
| 肜 | *luŋ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tóng (tong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tong$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^2$
*** Yale: túng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^4$
*** Yale: tùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông
*** Tâi-lô: tông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doong
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /tɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tong$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thông
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰoŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: downg
Rime :
| Character | 彤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 冬 (5) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒冬切 |
| Baxter | downg |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duoŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duoŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /doŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dawŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /doŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /duoŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱuoŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-rˤu[m]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'uːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 彤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tóng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ downg › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-rˁu[m]/ (dialect: *-um > *-uŋ) |
| English | red |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 彤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11049 |
| Phonetic component | 彡 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 彤 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'uːŋ/ |

### Definitions

彤
* (literary) red; vermilion
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Jìngnǚ qí luán, yí wǒ tóngguǎn. Tóngguǎn yǒu wěi, shuō yì nǚ měi. [Pinyin]
    How handsome is the retiring girl! She presented to me a red tube. Bright is the red tube—I delight in the beauty of the girl.
    From: The Book of Documents, circa 7th – 4th centuries BCE
    Tàibǎo tàishǐ tàizōng jiē má miǎn tóng cháng. [Pinyin]
    The grand guardian, the grand scribe and the grand master of rites all had hempen state caps and red skirts.
* a surname

### Compounds

* 彤庭
* 彤弓
* 彤管
* 彤管流芳
* 彤管貽／彤管贻
* 彤闈／彤闱
* 彤雲／彤云 (tóngyún)
* 彤霞
* 紅彤彤／红彤彤 (hóngtóngtóng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* red
* vermilion

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): とう (tō)、ず (zu)
* Kun: あかい (akai)

## Korean
### Hanja

彤 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)
* red, vermilion
* name of an ancient state

## Vietnamese
### Han character

彤: Hán Nôm readings: đồng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation