# 堰

| 堰 | U+5830, &#22576; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5830 |
| ← 堯 [U+582F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 報 → [U+5831] |

## Translingual
### Han character

堰 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土尸日女 (GSAV), four-corner 4111$_4$, composition ⿰土匽)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 234, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5274
* Dae Jaweon: page 471, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 461, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5830

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 堰 | *qrens, *qanʔ, *qans |
| 躽 | *qrens, *qeːnʔ |
| 宴 | *qeːnʔ, *qeːns |
| 蝘 | *qeːnʔ, *qanʔ |
| 偃 | *qanʔ |
| 郾 | *qanʔ, *qans |
| 鶠 | *qanʔ |
| 褗 | *qanʔ, *qans |
| 匽 | *qanʔ |
| 鼴 | *qanʔ |
| 鰋 | *qanʔ |
| 揠 | *qreːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrens, *qanʔ, *qans) : semantic 土 (“earth, ground”) + phonetic 匽 (OC *qanʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yàn (yan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jin$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iàn
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$i
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^4$
*** Yale: yàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^2$
*** Yale: yín
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iàn
*** Tâi-lô: iàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iexn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn⁴¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$i
*** MiniDict: i$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$i
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: 'jonX, 'jonH, 'jienH
Rime :
| Character | 堰 | 堰 | 堰 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (65) | 元 (65) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於幰切 | 於建切 | 於扇切 |
| Baxter | 'jonX | 'jonH | 'jienH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨɐn$^X$/ | /ʔɨɐn$^H$/ | /ʔiᴇn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiɐn$^X$/ | /ʔiɐn$^H$/ | /ʔiɛn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiɐn$^X$/ | /ʔiɐn$^H$/ | /ʔjæn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɨan$^X$/ | /ʔɨan$^H$/ | /ʔian$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiɐn$^X$/ | /ʔiɐn$^H$/ | /ʔiɛn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭɐn$^X$/ | /ĭɐn$^H$/ | /ĭɛn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔɨ̯ɐn$^X$/ | /ʔɨ̯ɐn$^H$/ | /ʔi̯ɛn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǎn | yàn | yàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^2$ | jin$^3$ | jin$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qrens/, /*qanʔ/, /*qans/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 堰 | 堰 | 堰 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 14378 | 14388 | 14393 |
| Phonetic component | 妟 | 妟 | 妟 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 躽 | 偃 | 堰 |
| Old Chinese | /*qrens/ | /*qanʔ/ | /*qans/ |

### Definitions

堰
* weir
* dam
* embankment; dike; bank

### Compounds

* 二堰 (Èryàn)
* 五堰 (Wǔyàn)
* 付家堰 (Fùjiāyàn)
* 化龍堰／化龙堰 (Huàlóngyàn)
* 十堰 (Shíyàn)
* 埭堰
* 堰坡 (Yànpō)
* 堰塞湖 (yànsèhú)
* 塘堰 (tángyàn)
* 大堰 (Dàyàn)
* 大堰壋／大堰垱 (Dàyàndàng)
* 大堰角 (Dàyànjiǎo)
* 孫堰／孙堰 (Sūnyàn)
* 新堰 (Xīnyàn)
* 河堰 (Héyàn)
* 白家堰 (Báijiāyàn)
* 肖堰
* 荷花堰 (Héhuāyàn)
* 蔣家堰／蒋家堰 (Jiǎngjiāyàn)
* 都江堰 (Dūjiāngyàn)
* 金堰 (Jīnyàn)
* 長堰／长堰 (Chángyàn)
* 高家堰 (Gāojiāyàn)
* 鴨堰橋／鸭堰桥 (Yāyànqiáo)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* dam
* prevent
* stop up

#### Readings

* Go-on: えん (en)
* Kan-on: えん (en)
* Kun: せき (seki, 堰)、せく (seku, 堰く)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 堰
* せき Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
From the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb せく (“to dam”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せき [séꜜkì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [se̞kʲi]

#### Noun

堰(せき) • (seki)
* weir, dam

##### Usage notes

In technical contexts this is distinguished from dam.

##### Synonyms

* ダム (damu, “dam”)
* 堰堤(えんてい) (entei, “dam”)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 堰
* い Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) い [íꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [i]

#### Noun

堰(い) • (i)
* a dike or levee for containing water

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

堰 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

堰: Hán Nôm readings: yển
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation