# 𐕄𐔰𐔾𐔰
## Aghwan
### Etymology

Uncertain. Akin to the synonymous Rutul кӏала, кӏалаь, кӏал, Tsakhur кӏаа-на, кӏава-на (wherein в developed from earlier *l), as well as to Old Armenian կաղ (kał).
If the Lezghian terms have a native Northeast Caucasian origin, as has been suggested, then the Armenian is borrowed from them. Alternatively, they may have been borrowed from Armenian. Finally, all the terms mentioned here may be borrowed from a third source, perhaps Kartvelian. See կաղ (kał) for more.

### Adjective

𐕄𐔰𐔾𐔰 (ḳala)
* lame, limping

#### Descendants

* Udi: кӏала (ḳala)

### References

* ↑ Nikolaev, Sergei L., Starostin, Sergei A. (1994) A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary‎, Moscow: Asterisk Publishers, page 261, without the Rutul terms mentioned here
* ↑ Starostin, S. A. (2005) “*ḳel-”, in Kartvelian etymological database compiled on the basis of G. Klimov's and Fähnrich-Sarjveladze's etymological dictionaries of Kartvelian languages
* ↑ Алексеев, М. Е. (2008) “Удинская лексика в этимологическом словаре лезгинских языков [The Udi vocabulary in the etymological dictionary of the Lezghian languages]”, in М. Е. Алексеев et al., editors, Удинский сборник: грамматика, лексика, история языка (Исследования и материалы по языкам Кавказа; 1)‎ (in Russian), Moscow: Academia, page 337 of 311–346, without the Rutul terms mentioned here
* ↑ Bugge, Sophus (1893) “Beiträge zur etymologischen Erläuterung der armenischen Sprache”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung (in German), volume 32, page 50
* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կաղ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 491b
* ↑ Vinogradova, O. I., Klimov, G. A. (1979) “Об арменизмах в дагестанских языках [About Armenisms in Dagestanian languages]”, in Этимология‎, number 1977, Moscow, pages 154–158
* ↑ Schulze, Wolfgang (2001) The Udi Gospels: Annotated Text, Etymological Index, Lemmatized Concordance (Languages of the World/Text Library; 5)‎, Munich: Lincom Europa, page 291b

### Further reading

* Comrie, Bernard, Khalilov, Madzhid (2010) Словарь языков и диалектов народов Северного Кавказа: Сопоставление основной лексики [The Dictionary of languages and dialects of the peoples of the Northern Caucasus: Comparison of the basic lexicon], Leipzig and Makhachkala: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, § 4.940, page 267
* Gippert J., Schulze W., Aleksidze Z., Mahé J.-P., editors (2009), The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mount Sinai (Monumenta Palaeographica Medii Aevi: Series Ibero-Caucasica; 2), volume I, Turnhout: Brepols, →ISBN, page II-75, II-79, II-81
* Gippert, Jost (2011) “The linguistic background of Caucasian Albanian literacy”, in Vittorio Springfield Tomelleri et al., editors, Languages and Cultures in the Caucasus. Papers from the International Conference "Current Advances in Caucasian Studies" Macerata, January 21-23, 2010‎, München / Berlin: Otto Sagner, pages 8–9
* Gippert, Jost (2017) “Armeno-Albanica II: Exchanging doves”, in Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard Hansen et al., editors, Usque ad radices: Indo-European studies in honour of Birgit Anette Olsen (Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European; 8)‎, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, page 182
* Греппин, Дж. (1994) “Несколько замечаний о лексических связях армянского с дагестанскими языками [Some points on Armenian–Dagestanian lexical relationships]”, in Этимология‎‎ (in Russian), numbers 1991–1993, translated from English by В. А. Меркулова, Moscow: Nauka, pages 161, 164
* Klimov, G. A. (1994) “О дагестанских арменизмах [On Daghestanian Armenisms]”, in Этимология‎, numbers 1991–1993, Moscow, page 164 of 164–165