# qhwaya
## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǃʰwaːja/

### Verb

-qhwaya
* (intransitive) to scrabble about, to scratch about

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuqhwaya |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqhwaya | ukungaqhwayi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qhwaya | -qhwaye |
| Plural | qhwayani | -qhwayeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqhwaya, ngiqhwaya | engiqhwayayo, engiqhwaya | ngiqhwaya | angiqhwayi | engingaqhwayi | ngingaqhwayi |
| 2nd singular | uyaqhwaya, uqhwaya | oqhwayayo, oqhwaya | uqhwaya | awuqhwayi | ongaqhwayi | ungaqhwayi |
| 1st plural | siyaqhwaya, siqhwaya | esiqhwayayo, esiqhwaya | siqhwaya | asiqhwayi | esingaqhwayi | singaqhwayi |
| 2nd plural | niyaqhwaya, niqhwaya | eniqhwayayo, eniqhwaya | niqhwaya | aniqhwayi | eningaqhwayi | ningaqhwayi |
| Class 1 | uyaqhwaya, uqhwaya | oqhwayayo, oqhwaya | eqhwaya | akaqhwayi | ongaqhwayi | engaqhwayi |
| Class 2 | bayaqhwaya, baqhwaya | abaqhwayayo, abaqhwaya | beqhwaya | abaqhwayi | abangaqhwayi | bengaqhwayi |
| Class 3 | uyaqhwaya, uqhwaya | oqhwayayo, oqhwaya | uqhwaya | awuqhwayi | ongaqhwayi | ungaqhwayi |
| Class 4 | iyaqhwaya, iqhwaya | eqhwayayo, eqhwaya | iqhwaya | ayiqhwayi | engaqhwayi | ingaqhwayi |
| Class 5 | liyaqhwaya, liqhwaya | eliqhwayayo, eliqhwaya | liqhwaya | aliqhwayi | elingaqhwayi | lingaqhwayi |
| Class 6 | ayaqhwaya, aqhwaya | aqhwayayo, aqhwaya | eqhwaya | awaqhwayi | angaqhwayi | engaqhwayi |
| Class 7 | siyaqhwaya, siqhwaya | esiqhwayayo, esiqhwaya | siqhwaya | asiqhwayi | esingaqhwayi | singaqhwayi |
| Class 8 | ziyaqhwaya, ziqhwaya | eziqhwayayo, eziqhwaya | ziqhwaya | aziqhwayi | ezingaqhwayi | zingaqhwayi |
| Class 9 | iyaqhwaya, iqhwaya | eqhwayayo, eqhwaya | iqhwaya | ayiqhwayi | engaqhwayi | ingaqhwayi |
| Class 10 | ziyaqhwaya, ziqhwaya | eziqhwayayo, eziqhwaya | ziqhwaya | aziqhwayi | ezingaqhwayi | zingaqhwayi |
| Class 11 | luyaqhwaya, luqhwaya | oluqhwayayo, oluqhwaya | luqhwaya | aluqhwayi | olungaqhwayi | lungaqhwayi |
| Class 14 | buyaqhwaya, buqhwaya | obuqhwayayo, obuqhwaya | buqhwaya | abuqhwayi | obungaqhwayi | bungaqhwayi |
| Class 15 | kuyaqhwaya, kuqhwaya | okuqhwayayo, okuqhwaya | kuqhwaya | akuqhwayi | okungaqhwayi | kungaqhwayi |
| Class 17 | kuyaqhwaya, kuqhwaya | okuqhwayayo, okuqhwaya | kuqhwaya | akuqhwayi | okungaqhwayi | kungaqhwayi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqhwayile, ngiqhwayē | engiqhwayile, engiqhwayē | ngiqhwayile, ngiqhwayē | angiqhwayanga | engingaqhwayanga | ngingaqhwayanga |
| 2nd singular | uqhwayile, uqhwayē | oqhwayile, oqhwayē | uqhwayile, uqhwayē | awuqhwayanga | ongaqhwayanga | ungaqhwayanga |
| 1st plural | siqhwayile, siqhwayē | esiqhwayile, esiqhwayē | siqhwayile, siqhwayē | asiqhwayanga | esingaqhwayanga | singaqhwayanga |
| 2nd plural | niqhwayile, niqhwayē | eniqhwayile, eniqhwayē | niqhwayile, niqhwayē | aniqhwayanga | eningaqhwayanga | ningaqhwayanga |
| Class 1 | uqhwayile, uqhwayē | oqhwayile, oqhwayē | eqhwayile, eqhwayē | akaqhwayanga | ongaqhwayanga | engaqhwayanga |
| Class 2 | baqhwayile, baqhwayē | abaqhwayile, abaqhwayē | beqhwayile, beqhwayē | abaqhwayanga | abangaqhwayanga | bengaqhwayanga |
| Class 3 | uqhwayile, uqhwayē | oqhwayile, oqhwayē | uqhwayile, uqhwayē | awuqhwayanga | ongaqhwayanga | ungaqhwayanga |
| Class 4 | iqhwayile, iqhwayē | eqhwayile, eqhwayē | iqhwayile, iqhwayē | ayiqhwayanga | engaqhwayanga | ingaqhwayanga |
| Class 5 | liqhwayile, liqhwayē | eliqhwayile, eliqhwayē | liqhwayile, liqhwayē | aliqhwayanga | elingaqhwayanga | lingaqhwayanga |
| Class 6 | aqhwayile, aqhwayē | aqhwayile, aqhwayē | eqhwayile, eqhwayē | awaqhwayanga | angaqhwayanga | engaqhwayanga |
| Class 7 | siqhwayile, siqhwayē | esiqhwayile, esiqhwayē | siqhwayile, siqhwayē | asiqhwayanga | esingaqhwayanga | singaqhwayanga |
| Class 8 | ziqhwayile, ziqhwayē | eziqhwayile, eziqhwayē | ziqhwayile, ziqhwayē | aziqhwayanga | ezingaqhwayanga | zingaqhwayanga |
| Class 9 | iqhwayile, iqhwayē | eqhwayile, eqhwayē | iqhwayile, iqhwayē | ayiqhwayanga | engaqhwayanga | ingaqhwayanga |
| Class 10 | ziqhwayile, ziqhwayē | eziqhwayile, eziqhwayē | ziqhwayile, ziqhwayē | aziqhwayanga | ezingaqhwayanga | zingaqhwayanga |
| Class 11 | luqhwayile, luqhwayē | oluqhwayile, oluqhwayē | luqhwayile, luqhwayē | aluqhwayanga | olungaqhwayanga | lungaqhwayanga |
| Class 14 | buqhwayile, buqhwayē | obuqhwayile, obuqhwayē | buqhwayile, buqhwayē | abuqhwayanga | obungaqhwayanga | bungaqhwayanga |
| Class 15 | kuqhwayile, kuqhwayē | okuqhwayile, okuqhwayē | kuqhwayile, kuqhwayē | akuqhwayanga | okungaqhwayanga | kungaqhwayanga |
| Class 17 | kuqhwayile, kuqhwayē | okuqhwayile, okuqhwayē | kuqhwayile, kuqhwayē | akuqhwayanga | okungaqhwayanga | kungaqhwayanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqhwaya | engāqhwaya | ngāqhwaya | angiqhwayanga | engingaqhwayanga | ngingaqhwayanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqhwaya | owāqhwaya | wāqhwaya | awuqhwayanga | ongaqhwayanga | ungaqhwayanga |
| 1st plural | sāqhwaya | esāqhwaya | sāqhwaya | asiqhwayanga | esingaqhwayanga | singaqhwayanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqhwaya | enāqhwaya | nāqhwaya | aniqhwayanga | eningaqhwayanga | ningaqhwayanga |
| Class 1 | wāqhwaya | owāqhwaya | āqhwaya | akaqhwayanga | ongaqhwayanga | engaqhwayanga |
| Class 2 | bāqhwaya | abāqhwaya | bāqhwaya | abaqhwayanga | abangaqhwayanga | bengaqhwayanga |
| Class 3 | wāqhwaya | owāqhwaya | wāqhwaya | awuqhwayanga | ongaqhwayanga | ungaqhwayanga |
| Class 4 | yāqhwaya | eyāqhwaya | yāqhwaya | ayiqhwayanga | engaqhwayanga | ingaqhwayanga |
| Class 5 | lāqhwaya | elāqhwaya | lāqhwaya | aliqhwayanga | elingaqhwayanga | lingaqhwayanga |
| Class 6 | āqhwaya | āqhwaya | āqhwaya | awaqhwayanga | angaqhwayanga | engaqhwayanga |
| Class 7 | sāqhwaya | esāqhwaya | sāqhwaya | asiqhwayanga | esingaqhwayanga | singaqhwayanga |
| Class 8 | zāqhwaya | ezāqhwaya | zāqhwaya | aziqhwayanga | ezingaqhwayanga | zingaqhwayanga |
| Class 9 | yāqhwaya | eyāqhwaya | yāqhwaya | ayiqhwayanga | engaqhwayanga | ingaqhwayanga |
| Class 10 | zāqhwaya | ezāqhwaya | zāqhwaya | aziqhwayanga | ezingaqhwayanga | zingaqhwayanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqhwaya | olwāqhwaya | lwāqhwaya | aluqhwayanga | olungaqhwayanga | lungaqhwayanga |
| Class 14 | bāqhwaya | obāqhwaya | bāqhwaya | abuqhwayanga | obungaqhwayanga | bungaqhwayanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqhwaya | okwāqhwaya | kwāqhwaya | akuqhwayanga | okungaqhwayanga | kungaqhwayanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqhwaya | okwāqhwaya | kwāqhwaya | akuqhwayanga | okungaqhwayanga | kungaqhwayanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqhwaya | — | ngingaqhwaya | ngingeqhwaye | — | ngingeqhwaye |
| 2nd singular | ungaqhwaya | — | ungaqhwaya | ungeqhwaye | — | ungeqhwaye |
| 1st plural | singaqhwaya | — | singaqhwaya | singeqhwaye | — | singeqhwaye |
| 2nd plural | ningaqhwaya | — | ningaqhwaya | ningeqhwaye | — | ningeqhwaye |
| Class 1 | angaqhwaya | — | engaqhwaya | angeqhwaye | — | engeqhwaye |
| Class 2 | bangaqhwaya | — | bengaqhwaya | bangeqhwaye | — | bengeqhwaye |
| Class 3 | ungaqhwaya | — | ungaqhwaya | ungeqhwaye | — | ungeqhwaye |
| Class 4 | ingaqhwaya | — | ingaqhwaya | ingeqhwaye | — | ingeqhwaye |
| Class 5 | lingaqhwaya | — | lingaqhwaya | lingeqhwaye | — | lingeqhwaye |
| Class 6 | angaqhwaya | — | engaqhwaya | angeqhwaye | — | engeqhwaye |
| Class 7 | singaqhwaya | — | singaqhwaya | singeqhwaye | — | singeqhwaye |
| Class 8 | zingaqhwaya | — | zingaqhwaya | zingeqhwaye | — | zingeqhwaye |
| Class 9 | ingaqhwaya | — | ingaqhwaya | ingeqhwaye | — | ingeqhwaye |
| Class 10 | zingaqhwaya | — | zingaqhwaya | zingeqhwaye | — | zingeqhwaye |
| Class 11 | lungaqhwaya | — | lungaqhwaya | lungeqhwaye | — | lungeqhwaye |
| Class 14 | bungaqhwaya | — | bungaqhwaya | bungeqhwaye | — | bungeqhwaye |
| Class 15 | kungaqhwaya | — | kungaqhwaya | kungeqhwaye | — | kungeqhwaye |
| Class 17 | kungaqhwaya | — | kungaqhwaya | kungeqhwaye | — | kungeqhwaye |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqhwaya | engizoqhwaya | ngizoqhwaya | angizuqhwaya | engingezuqhwaya | ngingezuqhwaya |
| 2nd singular | uzoqhwaya | ozoqhwaya | uzoqhwaya | awuzuqhwaya | ongezuqhwaya | ungezuqhwaya |
| 1st plural | sizoqhwaya | esizoqhwaya | sizoqhwaya | asizuqhwaya | esingezuqhwaya | singezuqhwaya |
| 2nd plural | nizoqhwaya | enizoqhwaya | nizoqhwaya | anizuqhwaya | eningezuqhwaya | ningezuqhwaya |
| Class 1 | uzoqhwaya | ozoqhwaya | ezoqhwaya | akazuqhwaya | ongezuqhwaya | engezuqhwaya |
| Class 2 | bazoqhwaya | abazoqhwaya | bezoqhwaya | abazuqhwaya | abangezuqhwaya | bengezuqhwaya |
| Class 3 | uzoqhwaya | ozoqhwaya | uzoqhwaya | awuzuqhwaya | ongezuqhwaya | ungezuqhwaya |
| Class 4 | izoqhwaya | ezoqhwaya | izoqhwaya | ayizuqhwaya | engezuqhwaya | ingezuqhwaya |
| Class 5 | lizoqhwaya | elizoqhwaya | lizoqhwaya | alizuqhwaya | elingezuqhwaya | lingezuqhwaya |
| Class 6 | azoqhwaya | azoqhwaya | ezoqhwaya | awazuqhwaya | angezuqhwaya | engezuqhwaya |
| Class 7 | sizoqhwaya | esizoqhwaya | sizoqhwaya | asizuqhwaya | esingezuqhwaya | singezuqhwaya |
| Class 8 | zizoqhwaya | ezizoqhwaya | zizoqhwaya | azizuqhwaya | ezingezuqhwaya | zingezuqhwaya |
| Class 9 | izoqhwaya | ezoqhwaya | izoqhwaya | ayizuqhwaya | engezuqhwaya | ingezuqhwaya |
| Class 10 | zizoqhwaya | ezizoqhwaya | zizoqhwaya | azizuqhwaya | ezingezuqhwaya | zingezuqhwaya |
| Class 11 | luzoqhwaya | oluzoqhwaya | luzoqhwaya | aluzuqhwaya | olungezuqhwaya | lungezuqhwaya |
| Class 14 | buzoqhwaya | obuzoqhwaya | buzoqhwaya | abuzuqhwaya | obungezuqhwaya | bungezuqhwaya |
| Class 15 | kuzoqhwaya | okuzoqhwaya | kuzoqhwaya | akuzuqhwaya | okungezuqhwaya | kungezuqhwaya |
| Class 17 | kuzoqhwaya | okuzoqhwaya | kuzoqhwaya | akuzuqhwaya | okungezuqhwaya | kungezuqhwaya |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqhwaya | engiyoqhwaya | ngiyoqhwaya | angiyuqhwaya | engingeyuqhwaya | ngingeyuqhwaya |
| 2nd singular | uyoqhwaya | oyoqhwaya | uyoqhwaya | awuyuqhwaya | ongeyuqhwaya | ungeyuqhwaya |
| 1st plural | siyoqhwaya | esiyoqhwaya | siyoqhwaya | asiyuqhwaya | esingeyuqhwaya | singeyuqhwaya |
| 2nd plural | niyoqhwaya | eniyoqhwaya | niyoqhwaya | aniyuqhwaya | eningeyuqhwaya | ningeyuqhwaya |
| Class 1 | uyoqhwaya | oyoqhwaya | eyoqhwaya | akayuqhwaya | ongeyuqhwaya | engeyuqhwaya |
| Class 2 | bayoqhwaya | abayoqhwaya | beyoqhwaya | abayuqhwaya | abangeyuqhwaya | bengeyuqhwaya |
| Class 3 | uyoqhwaya | oyoqhwaya | uyoqhwaya | awuyuqhwaya | ongeyuqhwaya | ungeyuqhwaya |
| Class 4 | iyoqhwaya | eyoqhwaya | iyoqhwaya | ayiyuqhwaya | engeyuqhwaya | ingeyuqhwaya |
| Class 5 | liyoqhwaya | eliyoqhwaya | liyoqhwaya | aliyuqhwaya | elingeyuqhwaya | lingeyuqhwaya |
| Class 6 | ayoqhwaya | ayoqhwaya | eyoqhwaya | awayuqhwaya | angeyuqhwaya | engeyuqhwaya |
| Class 7 | siyoqhwaya | esiyoqhwaya | siyoqhwaya | asiyuqhwaya | esingeyuqhwaya | singeyuqhwaya |
| Class 8 | ziyoqhwaya | eziyoqhwaya | ziyoqhwaya | aziyuqhwaya | ezingeyuqhwaya | zingeyuqhwaya |
| Class 9 | iyoqhwaya | eyoqhwaya | iyoqhwaya | ayiyuqhwaya | engeyuqhwaya | ingeyuqhwaya |
| Class 10 | ziyoqhwaya | eziyoqhwaya | ziyoqhwaya | aziyuqhwaya | ezingeyuqhwaya | zingeyuqhwaya |
| Class 11 | luyoqhwaya | oluyoqhwaya | luyoqhwaya | aluyuqhwaya | olungeyuqhwaya | lungeyuqhwaya |
| Class 14 | buyoqhwaya | obuyoqhwaya | buyoqhwaya | abuyuqhwaya | obungeyuqhwaya | bungeyuqhwaya |
| Class 15 | kuyoqhwaya | okuyoqhwaya | kuyoqhwaya | akuyuqhwaya | okungeyuqhwaya | kungeyuqhwaya |
| Class 17 | kuyoqhwaya | okuyoqhwaya | kuyoqhwaya | akuyuqhwaya | okungeyuqhwaya | kungeyuqhwaya |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqhwaye | ngingaqhwayi |
| 2nd singular | uqhwaye | ungaqhwayi |
| 1st plural | siqhwaye | singaqhwayi |
| 2nd plural | niqhwaye | ningaqhwayi |
| Class 1 | aqhwaye | angaqhwayi |
| Class 2 | baqhwaye | bangaqhwayi |
| Class 3 | uqhwaye | ungaqhwayi |
| Class 4 | iqhwaye | ingaqhwayi |
| Class 5 | liqhwaye | lingaqhwayi |
| Class 6 | aqhwaye | angaqhwayi |
| Class 7 | siqhwaye | singaqhwayi |
| Class 8 | ziqhwaye | zingaqhwayi |
| Class 9 | iqhwaye | ingaqhwayi |
| Class 10 | ziqhwaye | zingaqhwayi |
| Class 11 | luqhwaye | lungaqhwayi |
| Class 14 | buqhwaye | bungaqhwayi |
| Class 15 | kuqhwaye | kungaqhwayi |
| Class 17 | kuqhwaye | kungaqhwayi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqhwaya | ngangaqhwaya, angaqhwaya, angangaqhwaya |
| 2nd singular | waqhwaya | wangaqhwaya, awaqhwaya, awangaqhwaya |
| 1st plural | saqhwaya | sangaqhwaya, asaqhwaya, asangaqhwaya |
| 2nd plural | naqhwaya | nangaqhwaya, anaqhwaya, anangaqhwaya |
| Class 1 | waqhwaya | wangaqhwaya, akaqhwaya, akangaqhwaya |
| Class 2 | baqhwaya | bangaqhwaya, abaqhwaya, abangaqhwaya |
| Class 3 | waqhwaya | wangaqhwaya, awaqhwaya, awangaqhwaya |
| Class 4 | yaqhwaya | yangaqhwaya, ayaqhwaya, ayangaqhwaya |
| Class 5 | laqhwaya | langaqhwaya, alaqhwaya, alangaqhwaya |
| Class 6 | aqhwaya | angaqhwaya, awaqhwaya, awangaqhwaya |
| Class 7 | saqhwaya | sangaqhwaya, asaqhwaya, asangaqhwaya |
| Class 8 | zaqhwaya | zangaqhwaya, azaqhwaya, azangaqhwaya |
| Class 9 | yaqhwaya | yangaqhwaya, ayaqhwaya, ayangaqhwaya |
| Class 10 | zaqhwaya | zangaqhwaya, azaqhwaya, azangaqhwaya |
| Class 11 | lwaqhwaya | lwangaqhwaya, alwaqhwaya, alwangaqhwaya |
| Class 14 | baqhwaya | bangaqhwaya, abaqhwaya, abangaqhwaya |
| Class 15 | kwaqhwaya | kwangaqhwaya, akwaqhwaya, akwangaqhwaya |
| Class 17 | kwaqhwaya | kwangaqhwaya, akwaqhwaya, akwangaqhwaya |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhwaya”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhwaya (6.3)”