# 低落
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dīluò
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧ ㄌㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dai$^1$ lok$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kē-lo̍h
    (Teochew, Peng'im): di$^1$ loh$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ti-loq$_8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dīluò
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧ ㄌㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diluò
*** Wade–Giles: ti$^1$-lo$^4$
*** Yale: dī-lwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diluoh
*** Palladius: дило (dilo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dai$^1$ lok$^6$
*** Yale: dāi lohk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dai$^1$ lok$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dei$^1$ log$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐi̯⁵⁵ lɔːk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kē-lo̍h
*** Tâi-lô: kē-lo̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kexloih
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ke²²⁻²¹ loʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ke⁴¹⁻²² loʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ke²²⁻²¹ loʔ¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ke³³⁻¹¹ loʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ke³³⁻²¹ lɤʔ⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: di$^1$ loh$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ti lo̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /ti³³⁻²³ loʔ⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ti-loq$_8$
*** MiniDict: ti$^平$ loh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ti-loq$_5$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ti⁵⁵ loʔ²¹/

### Verb

低落
* to decline; to fall

#### Synonyms

* 暴跌 (bàodiē)
* 下降 (xiàjiàng)

#### Antonyms

* 高漲／高涨 (gāozhǎng)
* 上升 (shàngshēng)

### Adjective

低落
* down; low
* depressed; downcast; dispirited

#### Synonyms

* (depressed):
* 低沉 (dīchén)
* 冷館／冷馆 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 喪氣／丧气
* 壓抑／压抑 (yāyì)
* 失望 (shīwàng)
* 失落 (shīluò)
* 寡歡／寡欢 (guǎhuān)
* 幽鬱／幽郁 (yōuyù) (archaic)
* 悒鬱／悒郁 (yìyù) (literary)
* 悒鬱寡歡／悒郁寡欢 (yìyùguǎhuān)
* 愁悶／愁闷 (chóumèn)
* 憂悶／忧闷 (yōumèn)
* 慘沮／惨沮 (cǎnjǔ) (literary)
* 憂鬱／忧郁 (yōuyù)
* 憋悶／憋闷
* 懊喪／懊丧 (àosàng)
* 抑鬱／抑郁 (yìyù)
* 沉悶／沉闷 (chénmèn)
* 沉抑 (chényì)
* 沉鬱／沉郁 (chényù) (literary)
* 沮喪／沮丧 (jǔsàng)
* 消極／消极 (xiāojí)
* 消沉 (xiāochén)
* 灰 (huī) (literary, or in compounds)
* 灰心 (huīxīn)
* 灰心喪氣／灰心丧气 (huīxīnsàngqì)
* 煩悶／烦闷 (fánmèn)
* 神傷／神伤 (shénshāng) (literary)
* 索寞 (suǒmò) (literary or Eastern Min)
* 苦悶／苦闷 (kǔmèn)
* 萎靡
* 陰暗／阴暗 (yīn'àn)
* 陰沉／阴沉 (yīnchén)
* 頹唐／颓唐 (tuítáng)
* 頹喪／颓丧 (tuísàng)
* 頹廢／颓废 (tuífèi)
* 鬱悶／郁闷 (yùmèn)
* 鬱鬱／郁郁 (yùyù) (literary)
* 鬱鬱不樂／郁郁不乐 (yùyùbùlè)
* 鬱鬱寡歡／郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
* 鬱鬱寡歡／郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
* 齪嘈／龊嘈 (Hokkien)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 低 | 落 |
| てい Grade: 4 | らく Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てーらく [tèérákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [te̞ːɾa̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

低(てい)落(らく) • (teiraku)
* fall, decline, slump

#### Synonyms

* 下(げ)落(らく) (geraku)
* 下(か)降(こう) (kakō)

#### Antonyms

* 高騰(こうとう) (kōtō, “rise”)
* 上昇(じょうしょう) (jōshō, “rise”)

### Verb

低(てい)落(らく)する • (teiraku suru) suru (stem 低(てい)落(らく)し (teiraku shi), past 低(てい)落(らく)した (teiraku shita))
* to fall, to decline

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 低落し | ていらくし | teiraku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 低落し | ていらくし | teiraku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 低落する | ていらくする | teiraku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 低落する | ていらくする | teiraku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 低落すれ | ていらくすれ | teiraku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 低落せよ¹ 低落しろ² | ていらくせよ¹ ていらくしろ² | teiraku seyo¹ teiraku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 低落される | ていらくされる | teiraku sareru |
| Causative | 低落させる 低落さす | ていらくさせる ていらくさす | teiraku saseru teiraku sasu |
| Potential | 低落できる | ていらくできる | teiraku dekiru |
| Volitional | 低落しよう | ていらくしよう | teiraku shiyō |
| Negative | 低落しない | ていらくしない | teiraku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 低落せず | ていらくせず | teiraku sezu |
| Formal | 低落します | ていらくします | teiraku shimasu |
| Perfective | 低落した | ていらくした | teiraku shita |
| Conjunctive | 低落して | ていらくして | teiraku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 低落すれば | ていらくすれば | teiraku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN