# 強迫
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiǎngpò, qiángpò
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤˇ ㄆㄛˋ, ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄆㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): koeng$^5$ bik$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiòng-pet
* Eastern Min (BUC): giòng-páe̤k
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiông-pek / kiông-piak / kiâng-pek
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kiang$^5$ bêg$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎngpò
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˇ ㄆㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎngpò
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiang$^3$-pʻo$^4$
*** Yale: chyǎng-pwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheangpoh
*** Palladius: цянпо (cjanpo)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiángpò
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄆㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciángpò
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiang$^2$-pʻo$^4$
*** Yale: chyáng-pwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyangpoh
*** Palladius: цянпо (cjanpo)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: koeng$^5$ bik$^1$
*** Yale: kéuhng bīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: koeng$^5$ bik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kêng$^5$ big$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰœːŋ¹³ pɪk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiòng-pet
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiong$^ˇ$ bed$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiong$^2$ bed$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯oŋ¹¹ pet̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: giòng-páe̤k
*** Sinological IPA : /kyoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(pʰ-)}$mɔyʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiông-pek
*** Tâi-lô: kiông-pik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiongpeg
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ²³⁻³³ piɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ piɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiông-piak
*** Tâi-lô: kiông-piak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiongpiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² piak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâng-pek
*** Tâi-lô: kiâng-pik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiangpeg
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiaŋ²³⁻³³ piɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiaŋ¹³⁻²² piɪk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kiang$^5$ bêg$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiâng pek
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pek̚²/

### Verb

強迫
* to coerce; to force; to compel
    強迫孩子背誦／强迫孩子背诵 ― qiǎngpò háizi bèisòng ― to force children to memorise what they learn

#### Synonyms

* 劫 (jié) (literary, or in compounds)
* 勒
* 勒逼 (lèbī)
* 強制／强制 (qiángzhì)
* 強逼／强逼 (qiǎngbī)
* 押 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 緊逼／紧逼 (jǐnbī)
* 脅迫／胁迫 (xiépò)
* 迫
* 迫使 (pòshǐ)
* 逼
* 逼迫 (bīpò)

### Noun

強迫
* compulsion (irrational need or irresistible urge to perform some action); obsession

#### Synonyms

* 強制／强制 (qiángzhì)

### Derived terms

* 強迫中獎／强迫中奖
* 強迫儲蓄／强迫储蓄
* 強迫勞動／强迫劳动
* 強迫取分／强迫取分
* 強迫性／强迫性
* 強迫振動／强迫振动 (qiángpò zhèndòng)
* 強迫教育／强迫教育
* 強迫症／强迫症
* 強迫降落／强迫降落

### References

* Duffus, William (1883) “force”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 113

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 強 | 迫 |
| きょう Grade: 2 | はく Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きょーはく [kyòóhákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲo̞ːha̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

強(きょう)迫(はく) • (kyōhaku)
* pressure, compulsion

### Verb

強(きょう)迫(はく)する • (kyōhaku suru) transitive suru (stem 強(きょう)迫(はく)し (kyōhaku shi), past 強(きょう)迫(はく)した (kyōhaku shita))
* to compel

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 強迫し | きょうはくし | kyōhaku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 強迫し | きょうはくし | kyōhaku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 強迫する | きょうはくする | kyōhaku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 強迫する | きょうはくする | kyōhaku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 強迫すれ | きょうはくすれ | kyōhaku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 強迫せよ¹ 強迫しろ² | きょうはくせよ¹ きょうはくしろ² | kyōhaku seyo¹ kyōhaku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 強迫される | きょうはくされる | kyōhaku sareru |
| Causative | 強迫させる 強迫さす | きょうはくさせる きょうはくさす | kyōhaku saseru kyōhaku sasu |
| Potential | 強迫できる | きょうはくできる | kyōhaku dekiru |
| Volitional | 強迫しよう | きょうはくしよう | kyōhaku shiyō |
| Negative | 強迫しない | きょうはくしない | kyōhaku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 強迫せず | きょうはくせず | kyōhaku sezu |
| Formal | 強迫します | きょうはくします | kyōhaku shimasu |
| Perfective | 強迫した | きょうはくした | kyōhaku shita |
| Conjunctive | 強迫して | きょうはくして | kyōhaku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 強迫すれば | きょうはくすれば | kyōhaku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN