# 山茶
## Chinese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shānchá
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ ㄔㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saan$^1$ caa$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): soaⁿ-tê
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shānchá
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄔㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shanchá
*** Wade–Giles: shan$^1$-chʻa$^2$
*** Yale: shān-chá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanchar
*** Palladius: шаньча (šanʹča)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shānchár
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄔㄚˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shanchár
*** Wade–Giles: shan$^1$-chʻa$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: shān-chár
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shancharl
*** Palladius: шаньчар (šanʹčar)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑɻ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saan$^1$ caa$^4$
*** Yale: sāan chàh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saan$^1$ tsaa$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: san$^1$ ca$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰaː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-tê
*** Tâi-lô: suann-tê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svoa'dee
*** IPA (Xiamen): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² te²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ te²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² te¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ te²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ te²³/

### Noun

山茶
* camellia

#### Synonyms

* 茶花 (cháhuā)
* 山茶花 (shāncháhuā)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 山 | 茶 |
| さん Grade: 1 | ちゃ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | kan'yōon |

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さんちゃ [sàńchá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sã̠ɲ̟t͡ɕa̠]

#### Noun

山(さん)茶(ちゃ) or 山茶(サンチャ) • (sancha)
* a tea plant growing in the mountains
* Camellia japonica, a species of camellia

##### Derived terms

* 山(サ)茶(ザン)花(カ) (sazanka, “Camellia sasanqua”)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 山 | 茶 |
| つばき ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つばき [tsúꜜbàkì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [t͡sɨba̠kʲi]

#### Noun

山茶(つばき) or 山茶(ツバキ) • (tsubaki)
* Alternative spelling of 椿 (tsubaki): Camellia japonica, a species of camellia

#### Proper noun

山茶(つばき) • (Tsubaki)
* a female given name

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 山 | 茶 |
| やま Grade: 1 | ちゃ Grade: 2 |
山(やま) (yama, “mountain”) + 茶(ちゃ) (cha, “tea”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ja̠ma̠t͡ɕa̠]

#### Noun

山茶(ヤマチャ) or 山(やま)茶(ちゃ) • (yamacha)
* wild-growing tea plants (Camellia sinensis)
** 1979, Murai Yasuhiko, Cha no bunka shi [Cultural history of tea], page 2:
    そこでこれを茶(ちゃ)園(えん)での栽(さい)培(ばい)茶(ちゃ)に対(たい)して「山(やま)茶(ちゃ)」(ヤマチャとかな書(か)きすることが多(おお)い)と呼(よ)んでいる
       Soko de kore o chaen de no saibai cha ni taishite “yamacha”(yamacha toka na kaki suru koto ga ōi) to yonde-iru
       To contrast this with cultivated tea it is called ‘yama-cha’ (often written in katakana or the like)
** 1992, Nakamura Yōichirō, Cha no minzoku gaku [The folklore of tea], page 50:
    三(さん)食(しょく)とも茶(ちゃ)粥(がゆ)という徹(てっ)底(てい)した地(ち)域(いき)が見(み)られるが、こうした茶(ちゃ)粥(がゆ)地(ち)帯(たい)は、ヤマチャが自(じ)生(せい)する範(はん)囲(い)に納(おさ)まる。
       Sanshoku to mo chagayu to iu tettei shita chiiki ga mirareru ga, kō shita chagayu chitai wa, yamacha ga jisei suru han'i ni osamaru.
       An area can be seen where tea porridge is eaten three times a day, but this tea-porridge region coincides with an area where tea grows wild.

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ “やまちゃ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 山 | 茶 |

### Proper noun

山茶
* chữ Hán form of Sơn Trà.