# 膨らむ
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 膨
* ふく Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 脹らむ

### Etymology

First cited to the mid-800s.
From 膨, 脹 (fukura, “a bulge, a swelling”) +‎ む (-mu, suffix indicating “looks like, seems like”). The fukura portion is in turn from now-archaic verb 膨る, 脹る (fukuru, “to swell, to bulge”), superseded by modern 膨れる, 脹れる (fukureru) of the same meaning.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふくらむ [fùkúrámú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟kɯ̟ɾa̠mɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「膨らむ」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 膨らむ | ふくらむ | [fùkúrámú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 膨らめ | ふくらめ | [fùkúrámé] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 膨らまれる | ふくらまれる | [fùkúrámárérú] |
| Causative | 膨らませる | ふくらませる | [fùkúrámásérú] |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 膨らもう | ふくらもー | [fùkúrámóꜜò] |
| Negative | 膨らまない | ふくらまない | [fùkúrámánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 膨らまなかった | ふくらまなかった | [fùkúrámánáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 膨らみます | ふくらみます | [fùkúrámímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 膨らんだ | ふくらんだ | [fùkúráńdá] |
| Conjunctive | 膨らんで | ふくらんで | [fùkúráńdé] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 膨らめば | ふくらめば | [fùkúráméꜜbà] |

### Verb

膨(ふく)らむ • (fukuramu) intransitive godan (stem 膨(ふく)らみ (fukurami), past 膨(ふく)らんだ (fukuranda))
* to swell, to expand, to get bigger

#### Usage notes

The intransitive verb 膨らむ (fukuramu) is used to describe something that happens naturally of its own accord, generally with a positive sense.
* 蕾(つぼみ)が膨(ふく)らむ、夢(ゆめ)が膨(ふく)らむ、胸(むね)が〔幸(しあわ)せなどで〕膨(ふく)らむ
    tsubomi ga fukuramu, yume ga fukuramu, mune ga 〔shiawase nado de〕 fukuramu
    the buds swell, one's dreams grow bigger, one's chest swells [with joy, etc.]
The synonym 膨れる (fukureru) is used to describe something that happens due to an abnormality or external force, not necessarily with a positive sense.
* パンが膨(ふく)れる、躯(むくろ)が膨(ふく)れる、頬(ほお)が膨(ふく)れる
    pan ga fukureru, mukuro ga fukureru, hō ga fukureru
    the bread rises, the corpse bloats, one's cheeks puff up (→ one pouts or sulks)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 膨らま | ふくらま | fukurama |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 膨らみ | ふくらみ | fukurami |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 膨らむ | ふくらむ | fukuramu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 膨らむ | ふくらむ | fukuramu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 膨らめ | ふくらめ | fukurame |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 膨らめ | ふくらめ | fukurame |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 膨らまれる | ふくらまれる | fukuramareru |
| Causative | 膨らませる 膨らます | ふくらませる ふくらます | fukuramaseru fukuramasu |
| Potential | 膨らめる | ふくらめる | fukurameru |
| Volitional | 膨らもう | ふくらもう | fukuramō |
| Negative | 膨らまない | ふくらまない | fukuramanai |
| Negative continuative | 膨らまず | ふくらまず | fukuramazu |
| Formal | 膨らみます | ふくらみます | fukuramimasu |
| Perfective | 膨らんだ | ふくらんだ | fukuranda |
| Conjunctive | 膨らんで | ふくらんで | fukurande |
| Hypothetical conditional | 膨らめば | ふくらめば | fukurameba |

#### Derived terms

* 膨らめる (fukurameru, “to inflate or expand something”, transitive)
* 膨らます (fukuramasu, “to make something swell or expand”, causative / transitive)
* 膨らみ (fukurami, “a bulge, a swelling”)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN