# vulwa
## Zulu
### Etymology

From -vula +‎ -wa.

### Verb

-vulwa$^?$
* (intransitive) to be opened

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuvulwa |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuvulwa | ukungavulwa |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | vulwa | -vulwe |
| Plural | vulwani | -vulweni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyavulwa, ngivulwa | engivulwayo, engivulwa | ngivulwa | angivulwa | engingavulwa | ngingavulwa |
| 2nd singular | uyavulwa, uvulwa | ovulwayo, ovulwa | uvulwa | awuvulwa | ongavulwa | ungavulwa |
| 1st plural | siyavulwa, sivulwa | esivulwayo, esivulwa | sivulwa | asivulwa | esingavulwa | singavulwa |
| 2nd plural | niyavulwa, nivulwa | enivulwayo, enivulwa | nivulwa | anivulwa | eningavulwa | ningavulwa |
| Class 1 | uyavulwa, uvulwa | ovulwayo, ovulwa | evulwa | akavulwa | ongavulwa | engavulwa |
| Class 2 | bayavulwa, bavulwa | abavulwayo, abavulwa | bevulwa | abavulwa | abangavulwa | bengavulwa |
| Class 3 | uyavulwa, uvulwa | ovulwayo, ovulwa | uvulwa | awuvulwa | ongavulwa | ungavulwa |
| Class 4 | iyavulwa, ivulwa | evulwayo, evulwa | ivulwa | ayivulwa | engavulwa | ingavulwa |
| Class 5 | liyavulwa, livulwa | elivulwayo, elivulwa | livulwa | alivulwa | elingavulwa | lingavulwa |
| Class 6 | ayavulwa, avulwa | avulwayo, avulwa | evulwa | awavulwa | angavulwa | engavulwa |
| Class 7 | siyavulwa, sivulwa | esivulwayo, esivulwa | sivulwa | asivulwa | esingavulwa | singavulwa |
| Class 8 | ziyavulwa, zivulwa | ezivulwayo, ezivulwa | zivulwa | azivulwa | ezingavulwa | zingavulwa |
| Class 9 | iyavulwa, ivulwa | evulwayo, evulwa | ivulwa | ayivulwa | engavulwa | ingavulwa |
| Class 10 | ziyavulwa, zivulwa | ezivulwayo, ezivulwa | zivulwa | azivulwa | ezingavulwa | zingavulwa |
| Class 11 | luyavulwa, luvulwa | oluvulwayo, oluvulwa | luvulwa | aluvulwa | olungavulwa | lungavulwa |
| Class 14 | buyavulwa, buvulwa | obuvulwayo, obuvulwa | buvulwa | abuvulwa | obungavulwa | bungavulwa |
| Class 15 | kuyavulwa, kuvulwa | okuvulwayo, okuvulwa | kuvulwa | akuvulwa | okungavulwa | kungavulwa |
| Class 17 | kuyavulwa, kuvulwa | okuvulwayo, okuvulwa | kuvulwa | akuvulwa | okungavulwa | kungavulwa |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngivuliwe, ngivulwē | engivuliwe, engivulwē | ngivuliwe, ngivulwē | angivulwanga | engingavulwanga | ngingavulwanga |
| 2nd singular | uvuliwe, uvulwē | ovuliwe, ovulwē | uvuliwe, uvulwē | awuvulwanga | ongavulwanga | ungavulwanga |
| 1st plural | sivuliwe, sivulwē | esivuliwe, esivulwē | sivuliwe, sivulwē | asivulwanga | esingavulwanga | singavulwanga |
| 2nd plural | nivuliwe, nivulwē | enivuliwe, enivulwē | nivuliwe, nivulwē | anivulwanga | eningavulwanga | ningavulwanga |
| Class 1 | uvuliwe, uvulwē | ovuliwe, ovulwē | evuliwe, evulwē | akavulwanga | ongavulwanga | engavulwanga |
| Class 2 | bavuliwe, bavulwē | abavuliwe, abavulwē | bevuliwe, bevulwē | abavulwanga | abangavulwanga | bengavulwanga |
| Class 3 | uvuliwe, uvulwē | ovuliwe, ovulwē | uvuliwe, uvulwē | awuvulwanga | ongavulwanga | ungavulwanga |
| Class 4 | ivuliwe, ivulwē | evuliwe, evulwē | ivuliwe, ivulwē | ayivulwanga | engavulwanga | ingavulwanga |
| Class 5 | livuliwe, livulwē | elivuliwe, elivulwē | livuliwe, livulwē | alivulwanga | elingavulwanga | lingavulwanga |
| Class 6 | avuliwe, avulwē | avuliwe, avulwē | evuliwe, evulwē | awavulwanga | angavulwanga | engavulwanga |
| Class 7 | sivuliwe, sivulwē | esivuliwe, esivulwē | sivuliwe, sivulwē | asivulwanga | esingavulwanga | singavulwanga |
| Class 8 | zivuliwe, zivulwē | ezivuliwe, ezivulwē | zivuliwe, zivulwē | azivulwanga | ezingavulwanga | zingavulwanga |
| Class 9 | ivuliwe, ivulwē | evuliwe, evulwē | ivuliwe, ivulwē | ayivulwanga | engavulwanga | ingavulwanga |
| Class 10 | zivuliwe, zivulwē | ezivuliwe, ezivulwē | zivuliwe, zivulwē | azivulwanga | ezingavulwanga | zingavulwanga |
| Class 11 | luvuliwe, luvulwē | oluvuliwe, oluvulwē | luvuliwe, luvulwē | aluvulwanga | olungavulwanga | lungavulwanga |
| Class 14 | buvuliwe, buvulwē | obuvuliwe, obuvulwē | buvuliwe, buvulwē | abuvulwanga | obungavulwanga | bungavulwanga |
| Class 15 | kuvuliwe, kuvulwē | okuvuliwe, okuvulwē | kuvuliwe, kuvulwē | akuvulwanga | okungavulwanga | kungavulwanga |
| Class 17 | kuvuliwe, kuvulwē | okuvuliwe, okuvulwē | kuvuliwe, kuvulwē | akuvulwanga | okungavulwanga | kungavulwanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāvulwa | engāvulwa | ngāvulwa | angivulwanga | engingavulwanga | ngingavulwanga |
| 2nd singular | wāvulwa | owāvulwa | wāvulwa | awuvulwanga | ongavulwanga | ungavulwanga |
| 1st plural | sāvulwa | esāvulwa | sāvulwa | asivulwanga | esingavulwanga | singavulwanga |
| 2nd plural | nāvulwa | enāvulwa | nāvulwa | anivulwanga | eningavulwanga | ningavulwanga |
| Class 1 | wāvulwa | owāvulwa | āvulwa | akavulwanga | ongavulwanga | engavulwanga |
| Class 2 | bāvulwa | abāvulwa | bāvulwa | abavulwanga | abangavulwanga | bengavulwanga |
| Class 3 | wāvulwa | owāvulwa | wāvulwa | awuvulwanga | ongavulwanga | ungavulwanga |
| Class 4 | yāvulwa | eyāvulwa | yāvulwa | ayivulwanga | engavulwanga | ingavulwanga |
| Class 5 | lāvulwa | elāvulwa | lāvulwa | alivulwanga | elingavulwanga | lingavulwanga |
| Class 6 | āvulwa | āvulwa | āvulwa | awavulwanga | angavulwanga | engavulwanga |
| Class 7 | sāvulwa | esāvulwa | sāvulwa | asivulwanga | esingavulwanga | singavulwanga |
| Class 8 | zāvulwa | ezāvulwa | zāvulwa | azivulwanga | ezingavulwanga | zingavulwanga |
| Class 9 | yāvulwa | eyāvulwa | yāvulwa | ayivulwanga | engavulwanga | ingavulwanga |
| Class 10 | zāvulwa | ezāvulwa | zāvulwa | azivulwanga | ezingavulwanga | zingavulwanga |
| Class 11 | lwāvulwa | olwāvulwa | lwāvulwa | aluvulwanga | olungavulwanga | lungavulwanga |
| Class 14 | bāvulwa | obāvulwa | bāvulwa | abuvulwanga | obungavulwanga | bungavulwanga |
| Class 15 | kwāvulwa | okwāvulwa | kwāvulwa | akuvulwanga | okungavulwanga | kungavulwanga |
| Class 17 | kwāvulwa | okwāvulwa | kwāvulwa | akuvulwanga | okungavulwanga | kungavulwanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingavulwa | — | ngingavulwa | ngingevulwe | — | ngingevulwe |
| 2nd singular | ungavulwa | — | ungavulwa | ungevulwe | — | ungevulwe |
| 1st plural | singavulwa | — | singavulwa | singevulwe | — | singevulwe |
| 2nd plural | ningavulwa | — | ningavulwa | ningevulwe | — | ningevulwe |
| Class 1 | angavulwa | — | engavulwa | angevulwe | — | engevulwe |
| Class 2 | bangavulwa | — | bengavulwa | bangevulwe | — | bengevulwe |
| Class 3 | ungavulwa | — | ungavulwa | ungevulwe | — | ungevulwe |
| Class 4 | ingavulwa | — | ingavulwa | ingevulwe | — | ingevulwe |
| Class 5 | lingavulwa | — | lingavulwa | lingevulwe | — | lingevulwe |
| Class 6 | angavulwa | — | engavulwa | angevulwe | — | engevulwe |
| Class 7 | singavulwa | — | singavulwa | singevulwe | — | singevulwe |
| Class 8 | zingavulwa | — | zingavulwa | zingevulwe | — | zingevulwe |
| Class 9 | ingavulwa | — | ingavulwa | ingevulwe | — | ingevulwe |
| Class 10 | zingavulwa | — | zingavulwa | zingevulwe | — | zingevulwe |
| Class 11 | lungavulwa | — | lungavulwa | lungevulwe | — | lungevulwe |
| Class 14 | bungavulwa | — | bungavulwa | bungevulwe | — | bungevulwe |
| Class 15 | kungavulwa | — | kungavulwa | kungevulwe | — | kungevulwe |
| Class 17 | kungavulwa | — | kungavulwa | kungevulwe | — | kungevulwe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizovulwa | engizovulwa | ngizovulwa | angizuvulwa | engingezuvulwa | ngingezuvulwa |
| 2nd singular | uzovulwa | ozovulwa | uzovulwa | awuzuvulwa | ongezuvulwa | ungezuvulwa |
| 1st plural | sizovulwa | esizovulwa | sizovulwa | asizuvulwa | esingezuvulwa | singezuvulwa |
| 2nd plural | nizovulwa | enizovulwa | nizovulwa | anizuvulwa | eningezuvulwa | ningezuvulwa |
| Class 1 | uzovulwa | ozovulwa | ezovulwa | akazuvulwa | ongezuvulwa | engezuvulwa |
| Class 2 | bazovulwa | abazovulwa | bezovulwa | abazuvulwa | abangezuvulwa | bengezuvulwa |
| Class 3 | uzovulwa | ozovulwa | uzovulwa | awuzuvulwa | ongezuvulwa | ungezuvulwa |
| Class 4 | izovulwa | ezovulwa | izovulwa | ayizuvulwa | engezuvulwa | ingezuvulwa |
| Class 5 | lizovulwa | elizovulwa | lizovulwa | alizuvulwa | elingezuvulwa | lingezuvulwa |
| Class 6 | azovulwa | azovulwa | ezovulwa | awazuvulwa | angezuvulwa | engezuvulwa |
| Class 7 | sizovulwa | esizovulwa | sizovulwa | asizuvulwa | esingezuvulwa | singezuvulwa |
| Class 8 | zizovulwa | ezizovulwa | zizovulwa | azizuvulwa | ezingezuvulwa | zingezuvulwa |
| Class 9 | izovulwa | ezovulwa | izovulwa | ayizuvulwa | engezuvulwa | ingezuvulwa |
| Class 10 | zizovulwa | ezizovulwa | zizovulwa | azizuvulwa | ezingezuvulwa | zingezuvulwa |
| Class 11 | luzovulwa | oluzovulwa | luzovulwa | aluzuvulwa | olungezuvulwa | lungezuvulwa |
| Class 14 | buzovulwa | obuzovulwa | buzovulwa | abuzuvulwa | obungezuvulwa | bungezuvulwa |
| Class 15 | kuzovulwa | okuzovulwa | kuzovulwa | akuzuvulwa | okungezuvulwa | kungezuvulwa |
| Class 17 | kuzovulwa | okuzovulwa | kuzovulwa | akuzuvulwa | okungezuvulwa | kungezuvulwa |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyovulwa | engiyovulwa | ngiyovulwa | angiyuvulwa | engingeyuvulwa | ngingeyuvulwa |
| 2nd singular | uyovulwa | oyovulwa | uyovulwa | awuyuvulwa | ongeyuvulwa | ungeyuvulwa |
| 1st plural | siyovulwa | esiyovulwa | siyovulwa | asiyuvulwa | esingeyuvulwa | singeyuvulwa |
| 2nd plural | niyovulwa | eniyovulwa | niyovulwa | aniyuvulwa | eningeyuvulwa | ningeyuvulwa |
| Class 1 | uyovulwa | oyovulwa | eyovulwa | akayuvulwa | ongeyuvulwa | engeyuvulwa |
| Class 2 | bayovulwa | abayovulwa | beyovulwa | abayuvulwa | abangeyuvulwa | bengeyuvulwa |
| Class 3 | uyovulwa | oyovulwa | uyovulwa | awuyuvulwa | ongeyuvulwa | ungeyuvulwa |
| Class 4 | iyovulwa | eyovulwa | iyovulwa | ayiyuvulwa | engeyuvulwa | ingeyuvulwa |
| Class 5 | liyovulwa | eliyovulwa | liyovulwa | aliyuvulwa | elingeyuvulwa | lingeyuvulwa |
| Class 6 | ayovulwa | ayovulwa | eyovulwa | awayuvulwa | angeyuvulwa | engeyuvulwa |
| Class 7 | siyovulwa | esiyovulwa | siyovulwa | asiyuvulwa | esingeyuvulwa | singeyuvulwa |
| Class 8 | ziyovulwa | eziyovulwa | ziyovulwa | aziyuvulwa | ezingeyuvulwa | zingeyuvulwa |
| Class 9 | iyovulwa | eyovulwa | iyovulwa | ayiyuvulwa | engeyuvulwa | ingeyuvulwa |
| Class 10 | ziyovulwa | eziyovulwa | ziyovulwa | aziyuvulwa | ezingeyuvulwa | zingeyuvulwa |
| Class 11 | luyovulwa | oluyovulwa | luyovulwa | aluyuvulwa | olungeyuvulwa | lungeyuvulwa |
| Class 14 | buyovulwa | obuyovulwa | buyovulwa | abuyuvulwa | obungeyuvulwa | bungeyuvulwa |
| Class 15 | kuyovulwa | okuyovulwa | kuyovulwa | akuyuvulwa | okungeyuvulwa | kungeyuvulwa |
| Class 17 | kuyovulwa | okuyovulwa | kuyovulwa | akuyuvulwa | okungeyuvulwa | kungeyuvulwa |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngivulwe | ngingavulwa |
| 2nd singular | uvulwe | ungavulwa |
| 1st plural | sivulwe | singavulwa |
| 2nd plural | nivulwe | ningavulwa |
| Class 1 | avulwe | angavulwa |
| Class 2 | bavulwe | bangavulwa |
| Class 3 | uvulwe | ungavulwa |
| Class 4 | ivulwe | ingavulwa |
| Class 5 | livulwe | lingavulwa |
| Class 6 | avulwe | angavulwa |
| Class 7 | sivulwe | singavulwa |
| Class 8 | zivulwe | zingavulwa |
| Class 9 | ivulwe | ingavulwa |
| Class 10 | zivulwe | zingavulwa |
| Class 11 | luvulwe | lungavulwa |
| Class 14 | buvulwe | bungavulwa |
| Class 15 | kuvulwe | kungavulwa |
| Class 17 | kuvulwe | kungavulwa |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngavulwa | ngangavulwa, angavulwa, angangavulwa |
| 2nd singular | wavulwa | wangavulwa, awavulwa, awangavulwa |
| 1st plural | savulwa | sangavulwa, asavulwa, asangavulwa |
| 2nd plural | navulwa | nangavulwa, anavulwa, anangavulwa |
| Class 1 | wavulwa | wangavulwa, akavulwa, akangavulwa |
| Class 2 | bavulwa | bangavulwa, abavulwa, abangavulwa |
| Class 3 | wavulwa | wangavulwa, awavulwa, awangavulwa |
| Class 4 | yavulwa | yangavulwa, ayavulwa, ayangavulwa |
| Class 5 | lavulwa | langavulwa, alavulwa, alangavulwa |
| Class 6 | avulwa | angavulwa, awavulwa, awangavulwa |
| Class 7 | savulwa | sangavulwa, asavulwa, asangavulwa |
| Class 8 | zavulwa | zangavulwa, azavulwa, azangavulwa |
| Class 9 | yavulwa | yangavulwa, ayavulwa, ayangavulwa |
| Class 10 | zavulwa | zangavulwa, azavulwa, azangavulwa |
| Class 11 | lwavulwa | lwangavulwa, alwavulwa, alwangavulwa |
| Class 14 | bavulwa | bangavulwa, abavulwa, abangavulwa |
| Class 15 | kwavulwa | kwangavulwa, akwavulwa, akwangavulwa |
| Class 17 | kwavulwa | kwangavulwa, akwavulwa, akwangavulwa |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “vula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “vula”