# 妣

| 妣 | U+59A3, &#22947; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59A3 |
| ← 妢 [U+59A2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 妤 → [U+59A4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

妣 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女心心 (VPP), four-corner 4141$_0$, composition ⿰女比)
* a posthumous name for mothers
** The Book of Rites, Qu Li II, 122:
    生曰父、曰母、曰妻，死曰考、曰妣、曰嬪。
    While alive, the names of 'father', 'mother', and 'wife' are used; when they are dead, those of 'the completed one', 'the corresponding one', and 'the honored one'.

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 257, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6103
* Dae Jaweon: page 521, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1030, character 8
* Unihan data for U+59A3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 梐 | *piː, *biːʔ |
| 狴 | *piː |
| 悂 | *piː, *pʰi |
| 螕 | *piː |
| 鎞 | *piː |
| 蓖 | *piː |
| 篦 | *piː, *bis |
| 批 | *pʰiː |
| 砒 | *pʰiː |
| 鈚 | *pʰiː, *bi |
| 磇 | *pʰiː |
| 媲 | *pʰiːs |
| 笓 | *biː |
| 膍 | *biː, *bi |
| 陛 | *biːʔ |
| 仳 | *pʰeʔ, *piʔ, *bi, *briʔ |
| 吡 | *pʰeʔ, *piʔ, *biɡ |
| 紕 | *be, *pʰi, *kʰjɯʔ |
| 比 | *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ |
| 妣 | *piʔ, *pis |
| 秕 | *piʔ |
| 沘 | *piʔ, *bi |
| 枇 | *piʔ, *bi, *bis |
| 粊 | *pris |
| 庇 | *pis |
| 屁 | *pʰis |
| 琵 | *bi |
| 毗 | *bi |
| 貔 | *bi |
| 豼 | *bi |
| 蚍 | *bi |
| 芘 | *bi, *bis |
| 肶 | *bi |
| 魮 | *bi |
| 阰 | *bi |
| 坒 | *bis, *biɡ |
| 玭 | *bin |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǐ (bi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bei$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pí
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǐ
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^3$
*** Yale: bǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bii
*** Palladius: би (bi)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bei$^2$
*** Yale: béi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bei$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: béi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pei̯³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pí
*** Tâi-lô: pí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pi⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: pjijX
Rime :
| Character | 妣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 卑履切 |
| Baxter | pjijX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /piɪ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pjɪ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pi$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /pi$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pi$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bei$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pijʔ/, /*pijʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*piʔ/, /*pis/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 妣 | 妣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bǐ | bì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjij$^X$ › | ‹ pjij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pijʔ/ | /*pijʔ-s/ |
| English | deceased mother | deceased mother |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 妣 | 妣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 512 | 520 |
| Phonetic component | 比 | 比 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 匕 | 痹 |
| Old Chinese | /*piʔ/ | /*pis/ |
| Notes | | 卑履切注又甫至切 |

### Definitions

妣
* (literary, honorific) deceased mother

#### Compounds

* 先妣 (xiānbǐ)
* 先祖妣
* 如喪考妣／如丧考妣 (rúsàngkǎobǐ)
* 皇妣 (huángbǐ)
* 皇祖妣 (huángzǔbǐ)
* 祖妣
* 考妣 (kǎobǐ)
* 若喪考妣／若丧考妣
* 顯妣／显妣
* 顯祖妣／显祖妣

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* [deceased] mother

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ひ (hi)
* Kun: なきはは (nakihaha)

## Korean
### Hanja

妣 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

妣: Hán Nôm readings: tỉ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation