# 出勤
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chūqín
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨ ㄑㄧㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceot$^1$ kan$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhut-khiùn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhut-khûn / chhut-khîn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cug$^4$ keng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chūqín
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨ ㄑㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chucín
*** Wade–Giles: chʻu$^1$-chʻin$^2$
*** Yale: chū-chín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuchyn
*** Palladius: чуцинь (čucinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceot$^1$ kan$^4$
*** Yale: chēut kàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoet$^7$ kan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêd$^1$ ken$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ kʰɐn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhut-khiùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: cud$^ˋ$ kiun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cud$^5$ kiun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰut̚² kʰi̯un¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-khûn
*** Tâi-lô: tshut-khûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhutquun
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ kʰun²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ kʰun²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ kʰun¹³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-khîn
*** Tâi-lô: tshut-khîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhutqiin
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ kʰin²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cug$^4$ keng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuk khṳ̂ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ kʰɯŋ⁵⁵/

### Verb

出勤
* to go to work; to start work; to show up on time for work
* to be out on duty
* to take a business trip

#### Synonyms

* (to take a business trip):
* 出trip (ceot$^1$ cip$^1$) (Hong Kong Cantonese)
* 出差 (chūchāi)
* 出張／出张 (Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka)
* 差旅 (chāilǚ)

#### Derived terms

* 出勤主義／出勤主义 (chūqín zhǔyì)

#### See also

* 上班 (shàngbān)
* 出差 (chūchāi)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 出 | 勤 |
| しゅつ > しゅっ Grade: 1 | きん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 出勤 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゅっきん [shùkkíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕɨk̚ʲkʲĩɴ]

### Noun

出(しゅっ)勤(きん) • (shukkin)
* going to work

### Verb

出(しゅっ)勤(きん)する • (shukkin suru) suru (stem 出(しゅっ)勤(きん)し (shukkin shi), past 出(しゅっ)勤(きん)した (shukkin shita))
* to go to work

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 出勤し | しゅっきんし | shukkin shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 出勤し | しゅっきんし | shukkin shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 出勤する | しゅっきんする | shukkin suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 出勤する | しゅっきんする | shukkin suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 出勤すれ | しゅっきんすれ | shukkin sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 出勤せよ¹ 出勤しろ² | しゅっきんせよ¹ しゅっきんしろ² | shukkin seyo¹ shukkin shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 出勤される | しゅっきんされる | shukkin sareru |
| Causative | 出勤させる 出勤さす | しゅっきんさせる しゅっきんさす | shukkin saseru shukkin sasu |
| Potential | 出勤できる | しゅっきんできる | shukkin dekiru |
| Volitional | 出勤しよう | しゅっきんしよう | shukkin shiyō |
| Negative | 出勤しない | しゅっきんしない | shukkin shinai |
| Negative continuative | 出勤せず | しゅっきんせず | shukkin sezu |
| Formal | 出勤します | しゅっきんします | shukkin shimasu |
| Perfective | 出勤した | しゅっきんした | shukkin shita |
| Conjunctive | 出勤して | しゅっきんして | shukkin shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 出勤すれば | しゅっきんすれば | shukkin sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Noun

出勤 • (chulgeun) (hangeul 출근)
* hanja form of 출근 (“going to work”)