# 滔滔
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tāotāo
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄠ ㄊㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tou$^1$ tou$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tāotāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄠ ㄊㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: taotao
*** Wade–Giles: tʻao$^1$-tʻao$^1$
*** Yale: tāu-tāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tautau
*** Palladius: таотао (taotao)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tou$^1$ tou$^1$
*** Yale: tōu tōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tou$^1$ tou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tou$^1$ tou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰou̯⁵⁵ tʰou̯⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: thaw thaw
Rime :
| Character | 滔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 土刀切 |
| Baxter | thaw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰaw/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰɑu/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰɑu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tʰɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tou$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤu l̥ˤu/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰuː l̥ʰuː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 滔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ thaw › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ˁu/ |
| English | rushing water |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 滔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14731 |
| Phonetic component | 舀 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 饕 |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ʰuː/ |

### Adjective

滔滔
* (of water) torrential; surging
* (of talking) incessant
* (literary) grand; magnificent

#### Derived terms

* 滔滔不斷／滔滔不断
* 滔滔不盡／滔滔不尽
* 滔滔不竭
* 滔滔不絕／滔滔不绝 (tāotāobùjué)
* 滔滔而至
* 滔滔雄辯／滔滔雄辩
* 白浪滔滔
* 雄辯滔滔／雄辩滔滔 (xióngbiàntāotāo)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 滔 | 滔 |
| とう Hyōgai | とう Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 滔々

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とーとー [tòótóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ːto̞ː]

### Adjective

滔(とう)滔(とう) • (tōtō) $^†$-tari (adnominal 滔(とう)滔(とう)とした (tōtō to shita) or 滔(とう)滔(とう)たる (tōtō taru), adverbial 滔(とう)滔(とう)と (tōtō to) or 滔(とう)滔(とう)として (tōtō to shite))
* torrential (of flowing water)
* voluble (of speech)
* flowing strongly in one direction (of a matter of the times)

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 滔滔たら | たうたうたら | tautautara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 滔滔と$^{[1]}$ 滔滔たり$^{[2]}$ | たうたうと たうたうたり | tautauto tautautari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 滔滔たり | たうたうたり | tautautari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 滔滔たる | たうたうたる | tautautaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 滔滔たれ | たうたうたれ | tautautare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 滔滔たれ | たうたうたれ | tautautare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 滔滔たらず | たうたうたらず | tautautarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 滔滔たれど | たうたうたれど | tautautaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 滔滔たれば | たうたうたれば | tautautareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 滔滔たらば | たうたうたらば | tautautaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 滔滔たりき | たうたうたりき | tautautariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 滔滔たりけり | たうたうたりけり | tautautarikeri |
| Adverbial | 滔滔と | たうたうと | tautauto |
| $^{[1]}$Without auxiliary verb. $^{[2]}$With auxiliary verb. ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN