# 貫通
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guàntōng
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢˋ ㄊㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gun$^3$ tung$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kon-thûng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): koàn-thong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guang$^3$ tong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guàntōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ ㄊㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guàntong
*** Wade–Giles: kuan$^4$-tʻung$^1$
*** Yale: gwàn-tūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanntong
*** Palladius: гуаньтун (guanʹtun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯än⁵¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gun$^3$ tung$^1$
*** Yale: gun tūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gun$^3$ tung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gun$^3$ tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuːn³³ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kon-thûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: gon tung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gon$^4$ tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kon⁵⁵ tʰuŋ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàn-thong
*** Tâi-lô: kuàn-thong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koarntofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kuan²¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuan²¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kuan¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuan²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: guang$^3$ tong$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuàng thong
*** Sinological IPA : /kuaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tʰoŋ³³/

### Verb

貫通
* to link up; to thread together
* to know thoroughly about; to be well versed in

#### Synonyms

* (to link up): 貫穿／贯穿 (guànchuān)
* (to know thoroughly):
* 了解 (liǎojiě)
* 佔有／占有 (zhànyǒu)
* 分曉／分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
* 參悟／参悟 (cānwù)
* 悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 懂 (dǒng)
* 懂得 (dǒngde)
* 打生 (Wenzhounese)
* 把握 (bǎwò)
* 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
* 明 (ming$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 明白
* 明瞭／明了 (míngliǎo)
* 曉得／晓得 (xiǎode)
* 會悟／会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
* 洞悉 (dòngxī)
* 清亮 (mainland China)
* 清楚
* 熟似 (Hokkien)
* 熟悉 (shúxī)
* 熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
* 熟識／熟识 (shúshí)
* 理會／理会 (lǐhuì)
* 理解 (lǐjiě)
* 瞭悟／了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
* 知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
* 知曉／知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
* 知識／知识 (zhīshí) (literary)
* 知道
* 覺／觉
* 覺悟／觉悟 (juéwù)
* 覺醒／觉醒 (juéxǐng)
* 認識／认识
* 諳曉／谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
* 諳達／谙达 (āndá) (literary)
* 通曉／通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
* 通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
* 通達／通达 (tōngdá)
* 達／达 (literary, or in compounds)
* 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
* 開悟／开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
* 領悟／领悟 (lǐngwù)
* 領會／领会 (lǐnghuì)
* 領略／领略 (lǐnglüè)

#### Derived terms

* 融會貫通／融会贯通 (rónghuìguàntōng)
* 豁然貫通／豁然贯通

#### Related terms

* 貫徹／贯彻 (guànchè)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 貫 | 通 |
| かん Grade: S | つう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かんつう [kàńtsúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kã̠nt͡sɨː]

### Noun

貫(かん)通(つう) • (kantsū)
* penetration
* boring through

### Verb

貫(かん)通(つう)する • (kantsū suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 貫(かん)通(つう)し (kantsū shi), past 貫(かん)通(つう)した (kantsū shita))
* pierce, penetrate
* bore through

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 貫通し | かんつうし | kantsū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 貫通し | かんつうし | kantsū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 貫通する | かんつうする | kantsū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 貫通する | かんつうする | kantsū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 貫通すれ | かんつうすれ | kantsū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 貫通せよ¹ 貫通しろ² | かんつうせよ¹ かんつうしろ² | kantsū seyo¹ kantsū shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 貫通される | かんつうされる | kantsū sareru |
| Causative | 貫通させる 貫通さす | かんつうさせる かんつうさす | kantsū saseru kantsū sasu |
| Potential | 貫通できる | かんつうできる | kantsū dekiru |
| Volitional | 貫通しよう | かんつうしよう | kantsū shiyō |
| Negative | 貫通しない | かんつうしない | kantsū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 貫通せず | かんつうせず | kantsū sezu |
| Formal | 貫通します | かんつうします | kantsū shimasu |
| Perfective | 貫通した | かんつうした | kantsū shita |
| Conjunctive | 貫通して | かんつうして | kantsū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 貫通すれば | かんつうすれば | kantsū sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN