# 布施
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bùshī
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄕ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^3$ si$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pò͘-si
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bùshī
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄕ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bùshih
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^4$-shih$^1$
*** Yale: bù-shr̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buhshy
*** Palladius: буши (buši)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^3$ si$^1$
*** Yale: bou sī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^3$ si$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^3$ xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯³³ siː⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pò͘-si
*** Tâi-lô: pòo-si
*** Phofsit Daibuun: porsy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ si³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ si⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: puH sye
Rime :
| Character | 布 | 施 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 愽故切 | 式支切 |
| Baxter | puH | sye |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /puo$^H$/ | /ɕiᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /puo$^H$/ | /ɕiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /po$^H$/ | /ɕjɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pɔ$^H$/ | /ɕiə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /po$^H$/ | /ɕie/ |
| Wang Li | /pu$^H$/ | /ɕǐe/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /puo$^H$/ | /ɕie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bù | shī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bou$^3$ | si$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤa-s l̥aj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*paːs hljal/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 布 | 施 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bù | shī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pu$^H$ › | ‹ sye › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁa-s/ | /*l̥aj/ |
| English | cloth | give, bestow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 布 | 施 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 3495 | 14783 |
| Phonetic component | 父 | 也 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 䌳 |
| Old Chinese | /*paːs/ | /*hljal/ |

### Verb

布施
* to give in the name of charity; to give to the poor; to distribute alms
* (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) to practice dana

#### Synonyms

* (to give in the name of charity):
* 散施 (sànshī) (literary)
* 施捨／施舍 (shīshě)

### Noun

布施
* (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) dana

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 布施(ふせ) (fuse)
* → Korean: 보시(布施) (bosi)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 布 | 施 |
| ふ Grade: 5 | せ Grade: S |
| goon ||

### Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit दान (dāna, “generosity, giving”). Compare 檀那 (danna).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふせ [fùséꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* (Tokyo) ふせ [fùsé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟se̞]

### Noun

布(ふ)施(せ) • (fuse)
* (Buddhism) dana

### Verb

布(ふ)施(せ)する • (fuse suru) suru (stem 布(ふ)施(せ)し (fuse shi), past 布(ふ)施(せ)した (fuse shita))
* (Buddhism) to practice dana

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 布施し | ふせし | fuse shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 布施し | ふせし | fuse shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 布施する | ふせする | fuse suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 布施する | ふせする | fuse suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 布施すれ | ふせすれ | fuse sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 布施せよ¹ 布施しろ² | ふせせよ¹ ふせしろ² | fuse seyo¹ fuse shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 布施される | ふせされる | fuse sareru |
| Causative | 布施させる 布施さす | ふせさせる ふせさす | fuse saseru fuse sasu |
| Potential | 布施できる | ふせできる | fuse dekiru |
| Volitional | 布施しよう | ふせしよう | fuse shiyō |
| Negative | 布施しない | ふせしない | fuse shinai |
| Negative continuative | 布施せず | ふせせず | fuse sezu |
| Formal | 布施します | ふせします | fuse shimasu |
| Perfective | 布施した | ふせした | fuse shita |
| Conjunctive | 布施して | ふせして | fuse shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 布施すれば | ふせすれば | fuse sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Proper noun

布(ふ)施(せ) • (Fuse)
* Fuse (multiple neighborhoods in Japan):
** A neighborhood of Minakami, Tone district, Gunma Prefecture.
** A neighborhood of Takatsuki, Ika district, Shiga Prefecture.
** The neighborhoods of Ōnan, Ōchi district and of Okinoshima, Oki district; in Shimane Prefecture.
** The neighborhoods of Abiko and Kashiwa, Chiba Prefecture.
** A neighborhood of Himi, Toyama Prefecture.
** A neighborhood of Saku, Nagano Prefecture.
** A neighborhood of Chūō, Yamanashi Prefecture.
* A former city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan; now an area of western Higashiōsaka, Osaka Prefecture.
* a surname
    布(ふ)施(せ)現(げん)之(の)助(すけ)
       Fuse Gennosuke
       Gennosuke Fuse, anatomist known for the Kölliker–Fuse nucleus

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN