# 法眼
## Chinese

* 法眼

### Etymology
#### "eye of the law"; etc.

    Calque of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit धर्मचक्षु m (dharmacakṣu, literally “dharma-eye”), which is cognate to Pali dhammacakkhu, or the us-stem equivalent ॰चक्षुस्. The Tibetan equivalent is ཆོས་ཀྱི་མིག (chos kyi mig) or ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྤྱན (chos kyi spyan).

#### "Buddhist teaching; etc"

    Calque of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit धर्मनेत्री f (dharmanetrī, “dharma-teaching; dharma-way; dharma-guide”), from Sanskrit नेत्र (netra, “guide; eye”) (see Ji, 1998v7). Corresponds to the Tibetan ཆོས་ཚུལ (chos tshul). The BHS compound may be understood as bahuvrihi: "[the wisdom विद्या f (vidyā), the perfection पारमिता f (pāramitā), etc.] that has the dharma as its guide/principle"

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fǎyǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˇ ㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faat$^3$ ngaan$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): huák-ngāng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hoat-gán
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$faq-nge
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǎyǎn [Phonetic: fáyǎn]
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˇ ㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǎyǎn
*** Wade–Giles: fa$^3$-yen$^3$
*** Yale: fǎ-yǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faayean
*** Palladius: фаянь (fajanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faat$^3$ ngaan$^5$
*** Yale: faat ngáahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faat$^8$ ngaan$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fad$^3$ ngan$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːt̚³ ŋaːn¹³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huák-ngāng
*** Sinological IPA : /huaʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ ŋaŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoat-gán
*** Tâi-lô: huat-gán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoatgarn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ ɡan⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡan⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /huat̚³²⁻⁵ ɡan⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ ɡan⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ ɡan⁴¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$faq-nge
*** MiniDict: fah$^入$ nge
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$faq-nge
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /faʔ³³ ŋe⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: pjop ngeanX
Rime :
| Character | 法 | 眼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 乏 (148) | 山 (73) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | II |
| Fanqie | 方乏切 | 五限切 |
| Baxter | pjop | ngeanX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨɐp̚/ | /ŋˠɛn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piɐp̚/ | /ŋᵚæn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piɐp̚/ | /ŋæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puap̚/ | /ŋəɨn$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /piɐp̚/ | /ŋɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwɐp̚/ | /ŋæn$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pi̯wɐp̚/ | /ŋăn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fa | yǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faat$^3$ | ngaan$^5$ |

### Noun

法眼
* (Buddhism) "eye of the law" (either "mind which perceives both past and future" or "insight into the dharma")
* (Buddhism) Buddhist teaching
    From: 1001, *Devaśāntika (天息災) aka. Faxian (法賢), trans. Ratnaguṇasaṃcayagāthā (《佛母寶德藏般若波羅蜜經》)
    Yúnhé Fó shuō cǐ fǎyǎn, lìng zhū dìzǐ rú Fó xué. [Pinyin]
    Why does the Buddha speak of this dharma-teaching? So that his pupils (may) learn and become like the Buddha.
* (figurative) insight; astuteness; perspicacity; cognizance
* (often humble or ironic) someone's appreciation, notice, or acknowledgement

#### Derived terms

* 法眼宗
* 法眼通

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 法眼(ほうげん) (hōgen)
* → Korean: 법안(法眼) (beoban)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 法 | 眼 |
| ほう Grade: 4 | げん Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | goon |

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ho̞ːɡẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

法(ほう)眼(げん) • (hōgen)
* (Buddhism, historical) high priest; the second-highest rank of Buddhist priest in the Japanese court
* (Buddhism, archaic) a title of respect for Buddhist monks, artists, or samurai

#### Related terms

* 法橋(ほっきょう) (hokkyō, “third-highest priestly rank”)

### References

* “法眼”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984