# 涵

| 涵 | U+6DB5, &#28085; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DB5 |
| ← 涴 [U+6DB4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 涶 → [U+6DB6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

涵 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水弓山水 (ENUE), four-corner 3117$_2$, composition ⿰氵函)

#### Derived characters

* 𦶷, 𥲌

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 628, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17595
* Dae Jaweon: page 1030, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1665, character 4
* Unihan data for U+6DB5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 涵 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 蜬 | *kuːm, *ɡuːm |
| 函 | *ɡuːm, *ɡruːm |
| 涵 | *ɡuːm, *ɡuːmʔ |
| 顄 | *ɡuːm, *ɡuːmʔ |
| 圅 | *ɡuːm |
| 菡 | *ɡuːmʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hán (han$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haam$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hàm
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ham$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): âm / âⁿ / hâm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ham$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hán
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hán
*** Wade–Giles: han$^2$
*** Yale: hán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harn
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haam$^4$
*** Yale: hàahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ham$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːm²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàm
*** Hakka Romanization System: ham$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ham$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ham¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ham$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ham¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âm
*** Tâi-lô: âm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: aam
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /am¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /am²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /am²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: ânn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: vaa
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ã¹³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /ã²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâm
*** Tâi-lô: hâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: haam
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ham²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ham²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham¹³/
* âm/âⁿ - vernacular;
* hâm - literary.
* Middle Chinese: hom, homX
Rime :
| Character | 涵 | 涵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 胡男切 | 胡感切 |
| Baxter | hom | homX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦʌm/ | /ɦʌm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦəm/ | /ɦəm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɒm/ | /ɣɒm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəm/ | /ɦəm$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣᴀm/ | /ɣᴀm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɒm/ | /ɣɒm$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣăm/ | /ɣăm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hán | hàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ham$^4$ | ham$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤ[o]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːm/, /*ɡuːmʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 涵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hom › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁ[o]m/ |
| English | soak, overflow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 涵 | 涵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 4862 | 4867 |
| Phonetic component | 函 | 函 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 含 | 頷 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡuːm/ | /*ɡuːmʔ/ |

### Definitions

涵
* to soak; to wet
* to tolerate; to forgive; to be lenient
* to immerse
* a culvert
* Alternative form of 含 (“to contain, to bear”)

### Compounds

* 內涵／内涵 (nèihán)
* 包涵 (bāohán)
* 包涵兒／包涵儿
* 海涵 (hǎihán)
* 涵化 (hánhuà)
* 涵咀
* 涵容
* 涵泳
* 涵洞 (hándòng)
* 涵淹
* 涵濡
* 涵煦
* 涵管
* 涵義／涵义 (hányì)
* 涵蓋／涵盖 (hángài)
* 涵蓄 (hánxù)
* 涵虛／涵虚
* 涵養／涵养 (hányǎng)
* 渾涵／浑涵
* 箱涵
* 茹古涵今
* 蘊涵／蕴涵 (yùnhán)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かん (kan)
* Kun: ひたす (hitasu, 涵す)

## Korean
### Hanja

涵 (eum 함 (ham))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

涵: Hán Nôm readings: hàm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation