# ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ
## Coptic
### Etymology

From ϩⲓ- (hi-) +‎ ⲑⲁϥ (thaf), literally “to throw spit”.

### Verb

ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ • (hithaf)
* (Bohairic) to spit

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ hithaf | imperative | affirmative | ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ hithaf |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϩⲓⲑⲁϥ štemhithaf | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀perhithaf |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϩⲓⲑⲁϥ tihithaf | ⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ khithaf | ⲧⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ tehithaf | ϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ fhithaf | ⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ shithaf | ⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ tenhithaf | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ tetenhithaf | ⲥⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ sehithaf | ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ hithaf |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eihithaf | ⲉⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ekhithaf | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ erehithaf | ⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ efhithaf | ⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eshithaf | ⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ enhithaf | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eretenhithaf | ⲉⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ euhithaf | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ere- hithaf |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etihithaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etekhithaf | ⲉⲧⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etehithaf | ⲉⲧⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etefhithaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eteshithaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etenhithaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etetenhithaf | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etouhithaf | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ete- hithaf |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ naihithaf | ⲛⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nakhithaf | ⲛⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ narehithaf | ⲛⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nafhithaf | ⲛⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nashithaf | ⲛⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nanhithaf | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ naretenhithaf | ⲛⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nauhithaf | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nare- hithaf |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ aihithaf | ⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ akhithaf | ⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ arehithaf | ⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ afhithaf | ⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ashithaf | ⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ anhithaf | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ aretenhithaf | ⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ auhithaf | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ are- hithaf |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ tinahithaf | ⲭⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ khnahithaf | ⲧⲉⲣⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ terahithaf | ϥⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ fnahithaf | ⲥⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ snahithaf | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ tennahithaf | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ tetennahithaf | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ senahithaf | ⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nahithaf |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ einahithaf | ⲉⲭⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ekhnahithaf | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ erenahithaf | ⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ efnahithaf | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ esnahithaf | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ennahithaf | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eretennahithaf | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eunahithaf | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ere- nahithaf |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etinahithaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etekhnahithaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etenahithaf | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etefnahithaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etesnahithaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etennahithaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etetennahithaf | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etounahithaf | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ete- nahithaf |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nainahithaf | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nakhnahithaf | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ narenahithaf | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nafnahithaf | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nasnahithaf | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nannahithaf | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ naretennahithaf | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ naunahithaf | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nare- nahithaf |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ainahithaf | ⲁⲭⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ akhnahithaf | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ arenahithaf | ⲁϥⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ afnahithaf | ⲁⲥⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ asnahithaf | ⲁⲛⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ annahithaf | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ aretennahithaf | ⲁⲩⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ aunahithaf | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ are- nahithaf |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ aihithaf | ⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ akhithaf | ⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ arehithaf | ⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ afhithaf | ⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ashithaf | ⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ anhithaf | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ atetenhithaf | ⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ auhithaf | ⲁ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ a- hithaf |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀pihithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀pekhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀pehithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀pefhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀peshithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀penhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀petenhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀pouhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀pe- hithaf |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eaihithaf | ⲉⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eakhithaf | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ earehithaf | ⲉⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eafhithaf | ⲉⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eashithaf | ⲉⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eanhithaf | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eatetenhithaf | ⲉⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eauhithaf | ⲉⲁ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ea- hithaf |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pihithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pekhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pehithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pefhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀peshithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀penhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀petenhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pouhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pe- hithaf |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etaihithaf | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etakhithaf | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etarehithaf | ⲉⲧⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etafhithaf | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etashithaf | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etanhithaf | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etaretenhithaf | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etauhithaf | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eta- hithaf |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀pihithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀pekhithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀pehithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀pefhithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀peshithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀penhithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀petenhithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀pouhithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀pe- hithaf |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ neaihithaf | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ neakhithaf | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nearehithaf | ⲛⲉⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ neafhithaf | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ neashithaf | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ neanhithaf | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ neatetenhithaf | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ neauhithaf | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nea- hithaf |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nem̀pihithaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nem̀pekhithaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nem̀pehithaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nem̀pefhithaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nem̀peshithaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nem̀penhithaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nem̀petenhithaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nem̀pouhithaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nem̀pe- hithaf |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etaihithaf | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etakhithaf | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etarehithaf | ⲉⲧⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etafhithaf | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etashithaf | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etanhithaf | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etaretenhithaf | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etauhithaf | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eta- hithaf |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀patihithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀patekhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀patehithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀patefhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀pateshithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀patenhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀patetenhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀patouhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀pate- hithaf |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀patihithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀patekhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀patehithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀patefhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pateshithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀patenhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀patetenhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀patouhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pate- hithaf |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀patihithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀patekhithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀patehithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀patefhithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀pateshithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀patenhithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀patetenhithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀patouhithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀pate- hithaf |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀patihithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀patekhithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀patehithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀patefhithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀pateshithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀patenhithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀patetenhithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀patouhithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀pate- hithaf |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šaihithaf | ϣⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šakhithaf | ϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šarehithaf | ϣⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šafhithaf | ϣⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šashithaf | ϣⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šanhithaf | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šatetenhithaf | ϣⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šauhithaf | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šare- hithaf |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀paihithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀pakhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀parehithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀pafhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀pashithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀panhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀paretenhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀pauhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀pare- hithaf |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ešaihithaf | ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ešakhithaf | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ešarehithaf | ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ešafhithaf | ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ešashithaf | ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ešanhithaf | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ešatetenhithaf | ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ešauhithaf | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ešare- hithaf |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀paihithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pakhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀parehithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pafhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pashithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀panhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀paretenhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pauhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pare- hithaf |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etšaihithaf | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etšakhithaf | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etšarehithaf | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etšafhithaf | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etšashithaf | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etšanhithaf | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etšatetenhithaf | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etšauhithaf | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etšare- hithaf |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀paihithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀pakhithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀parehithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀pafhithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀pashithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀panhithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀paretenhithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀pauhithaf | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ etm̀pare- hithaf |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ našaihithaf | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ našakhithaf | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ našarehithaf | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ našafhithaf | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ našashithaf | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ našanhithaf | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ našatetenhithaf | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ našauhithaf | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ našare- hithaf |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀paihithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀pakhithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀parehithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀pafhithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀pashithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀panhithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀paretenhithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀pauhithaf | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ nam̀pare- hithaf |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀paihithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pakhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀parehithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pafhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pashithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀panhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀paretenhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pauhithaf | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ em̀pare- hithaf |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eiehithaf | ⲉⲕⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ekehithaf | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ erehithaf | ⲉϥⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ efehithaf | ⲉⲥⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ esehithaf | ⲉⲛⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ enehithaf | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ eretenehithaf | ⲉⲩⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ euehithaf | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ere- hithaf |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹnahithaf | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹnekhithaf | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹnehithaf | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹnefhithaf | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹneshithaf | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹnenhithaf | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹnetenhithaf | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹnouhithaf | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹne- hithaf |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ marihithaf | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ marefhithaf | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ mareshithaf | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ marenhithaf | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ marouhithaf | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ mare- hithaf |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀penthrihithaf | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀penthrefhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀penthreshithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀penthrenhithaf | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀penthreuhithaf | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ m̀penthre- hithaf |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹtahithaf | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹtekhithaf | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹtehithaf | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹtefhithaf | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹteshithaf | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹtenhithaf | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹtetenhithaf | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹsehithaf, ǹtouhithaf | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ǹte- hithaf |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ tarihithaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ tarekhithaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ tarehithaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ tarefhithaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ tareshithaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ tarenhithaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ taretenhithaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ tarouhithaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ tare- hithaf |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šatihithaf | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šatekhithaf | ϣⲁⲧⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šatehithaf | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šatefhithaf | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šateshithaf | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šatenhithaf | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šatetenhithaf | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šatouhithaf | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ šate- hithaf |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ aišanhithaf | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ akšanhithaf | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ arešanhithaf | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ afšanhithaf | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ asšanhithaf | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ anšanhithaf | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ aretenšanhithaf | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ aušanhithaf | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ arešan- hithaf |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϩⲓⲑⲁϥ aihithaf | ⲁⲕϩⲓⲑⲁϥ akhithaf | ⲁⲣⲉϩⲓⲑⲁϥ arehithaf | ⲁϥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ afhithaf | ⲁⲥϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ashithaf | ⲁⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ anhithaf | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ aretenhithaf | ⲁⲩϩⲓⲑⲁϥ auhithaf | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ are- hithaf |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

#### Synonyms

* ⲉⲗⲧⲟϥ (eltof), ⲉⲗⲧⲟⲧϥ (eltotf)
* ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ (nečtaf), ⲥⲉⲧⲧⲁϥ (settaf) (Sahidic)

### References

* TLA lemma no. C4734 (ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),