# 娑

| 娑 | U+5A11, &#23057; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5A11 |
| ← 娐 [U+5A10] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 娒 → [U+5A12] |

## Translingual
### Han character

娑 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水竹女 (EHV), four-corner 3940$_4$, composition ⿱沙女)

#### Derived characters

* 𭢃, 𨪍, 𣯢, 𣯌, 䓾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 262, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6294
* Dae Jaweon: page 528, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1054, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5A11

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 硰 | *ʔsaːlʔ, *sʰaːlʔ, *sraːl |
| 娑 | *saːl, *saːlʔ |
| 挱 | *saːl, *sraːl |
| 挲 | *saːl |
| 桫 | *saːl |
| 渻 | *saːl, *sreŋʔ, *seŋʔ |
| 沙 | *sraːl, *sraːls |
| 紗 | *sraːl |
| 砂 | *sraːl |
| 鯊 | *sraːl |
| 裟 | *sraːl |
| 桬 | *sraːl |
| 髿 | *sraːl, *soːl |
| 魦 | *sraːl, *soːl |
| 莎 | *soːl |
| 莏 | *soːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːl, *saːlʔ) : phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls) + semantic 女 (“woman”).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): suō (suo$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄛ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): so$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sŏ̤
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): so$^1$ / sa$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: suō
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: suo
*** Wade–Giles: so$^1$
*** Yale: swō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suo
*** Palladius: со (so)
*** Sinological IPA : /su̯ɔ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: so$^1$
*** Yale: sō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: so$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: so$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔː⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /so⁵⁵/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: so$^1$ / sa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /so³³/, /sa̠³³/
* Middle Chinese: sa, saX
Rime :
| Character | 娑 | 娑 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 素何切 | 蘇可切 |
| Baxter | sa | saX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɑ/ | /sɑ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sɑ/ | /sɑ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɑ/ | /sɑ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sa/ | /sa$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /sɑ/ | /sɑ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /sɑ/ | /sɑ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /sɑ/ | /sɑ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | suō | suǒ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | so$^1$ | so$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤa[j]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*saːl/, /*saːlʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 娑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | suō |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sa › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]ˁa[j]/ |
| English | 婆娑 saunter, dance |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 娑 | 娑 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11019 | 11024 |
| Phonetic component | 沙 | 沙 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 娑 | 縒 |
| Old Chinese | /*saːl/ | /*saːlʔ/ |

#### Definitions

娑
* Used in 婆娑 (pósuō) and 娑娑.
* Used in transcription.

##### Usage notes

In transcriptions of Buddhist terms, 娑 (MC sa|saX) is often used to transcribe Sanskrit स (sa).

#### Compounds

* 娑娑
* 娑婆 (suōpó)
* 娑婆世界 (Suōpó shìjiè)
* 娑羅／娑罗 (suōluó)
* 娑羅樹／娑罗树 (suōluóshù)
* 娑羅雙樹／娑罗双树
* 婆娑 (pósuō)
* 婆娑起舞
* 婆那娑
* 摩娑
* 老子婆娑
* 邏娑／逻娑 (Luósuō)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Eastern Min (BUC): sŏ̤
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /so⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

娑 (Eastern Min)
* (Eastern Min) cooling sensation (caused by e.g. mint)
* (Eastern Min, weather) chilly
    Synonym: 涼颼颼／凉飕飕 (liángsōusōu)
* (Eastern Min) of a sharp painful sensation
       Being stung by caterpillars can be very painful.

#### References

* 冯爱珍 [Feng, Aizhen], editor (1998), “娑”, in 福州方言词典 [Dictionary of the Fuzhou Dialect] (in Chinese), Nanjing: 江苏教育出版社 (Jiangsu Educational Press), →ISBN.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* old woman

#### Readings

* Go-on: さ (sa)
* Kan-on: さ (sa)
* Kan’yō-on: しゃ (sha)
* Kun: まう (mau, 娑う)

## Korean
### Hanja

娑 (eum 사 (sa))
* dance, frolic
* lounge
* saunter

## Vietnamese
### Han character

娑: Hán Nôm readings: sa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation