# ⲕⲙⲁⲙ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲭⲙⲟⲙ (khmom) — Bohairic
* ⲕⲙⲟⲙ (kmom) — Sahidic

### Etymology

From Egyptian kmm (“to be(come) black”)

### Verb

ⲕⲙⲁⲙ • (kmam) (stative ⲕⲏⲙ)
* (Fayyumic) to be(come) black

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲕⲙⲁⲙ kmam | imperative | affirmative | ⲕⲙⲁⲙ kmam |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲕⲙⲁⲙ štemkmam | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲡⲉⲗⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpelkmam, pelkmam |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲕⲙⲁⲙ tikmam | ⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ kkmam | ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ tekmam | ϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ fkmam | ⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ skmam | ⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ tenkmam | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ tetenkmam | ⲥⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ sekmam | ⲕⲙⲁⲙ kmam |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ eikmam | ⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ ekkmam | ⲉⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ elekmam | ⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ efkmam | ⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ eskmam | ⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ enkmam | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ eletenkmam | ⲉⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ eukmam | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ ele- kmam |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲕⲙⲁⲙ etikmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ etekkmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ etekmam | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ etefkmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ eteskmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ etenkmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ etetenkmam | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ etoukmam | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ ete- kmam, etele- kmam |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ naikmam | ⲛⲁⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ nakkmam | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nalekmam | ⲛⲁϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nafkmam | ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ naskmam | ⲛⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nankmam | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ naletenkmam | ⲛⲁⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ naukmam | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ nale- kmam |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ aikmam | ⲁⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ akkmam | ⲁⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ alekmam | ⲁϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ afkmam | ⲁⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ askmam | ⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ ankmam | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ aletenkmam | ⲁⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ aukmam | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ ale- kmam |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ tinekmam | ⲕⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ knekmam | ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ tenekmam | ϥⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ fnekmam | ⲥⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ snekmam | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ tennekmam | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ tetennekmam | ⲥⲉⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ senekmam | ⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nekmam |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ einekmam | ⲉⲕⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ eknekmam | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ elenekmam | ⲉϥⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ efnekmam | ⲉⲥⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ esnekmam | ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ ennekmam | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ eletennekmam | ⲉⲩⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ eunekmam | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ ele- nekmam |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ etinekmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ eteknekmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ etenekmam | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ etefnekmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ etesnekmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ etennekmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ etetennekmam | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ etounekmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ etele- nekmam |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nainekmam | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ naknekmam | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nalenekmam | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nafnekmam | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nasnekmam | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nannekmam | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ naletennekmam | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ naunekmam | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nale- nekmam |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ ainekmam | ⲁⲕⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ aknekmam | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ alenekmam | ⲁϥⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ afnekmam | ⲁⲥⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ asnekmam | ⲁⲛⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ annekmam | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ aletennekmam | ⲁⲩⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ aunekmam | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ ale- nekmam |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ aikmam | ⲁⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ akkmam | ⲁⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ alekmam | ⲁϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ afkmam | ⲁⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ askmam | ⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ ankmam | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ atetenkmam | ⲁⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ aukmam | ⲁ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ a- kmam |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpikmam | ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpekkmam | ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpekmam | ⲙⲡⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpefkmam | ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpeskmam | ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpenkmam | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpetenkmam | ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpoukmam | ⲙⲡⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpe- kmam |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ eaikmam | ⲉⲁⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ eakkmam | ⲉⲁⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ ealekmam | ⲉⲁϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ eafkmam | ⲉⲁⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ easkmam | ⲉⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ eankmam | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ eatetenkmam | ⲉⲁⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ eaukmam | ⲉⲁ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ ea- kmam |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ empikmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ empekkmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ empekmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ empefkmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ empeskmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ empenkmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ empetenkmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ empoukmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ empe- kmam |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntaikmam | ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntakkmam | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntalekmam | ⲛⲧⲁϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntafkmam | ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntaskmam | ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntankmam | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ etaletenkmam | ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntaukmam | ⲛⲧⲁ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ nta- kmam |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempikmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempekkmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempekmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempefkmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempeskmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempenkmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempetenkmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempoukmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempe- kmam |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ nneaikmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ nneakkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnealekmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nneafkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nneaskmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nneankmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nneatetenkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ nneaukmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnea- kmam |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempikmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempekkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempekmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempefkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempeskmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempenkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempetenkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempoukmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempe- kmam |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ aaikmam | ⲁⲁⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ aakkmam | ⲁⲁⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ aalekmam | ⲁⲁϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ aafkmam | ⲁⲁⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ aaskmam | ⲁⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ aankmam | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ etaletenkmam | ⲁⲁⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ aaukmam | ⲁⲁ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ aa- kmam |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpatikmam | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpatekkmam | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpatekmam | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpatefkmam | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpateskmam | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpatenkmam | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpatetenkmam | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpatoukmam | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpate- kmam |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲕⲙⲁⲙ empatikmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ empatekkmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ empatekmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ empatefkmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ empateskmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ empatenkmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ empatetenkmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ empatoukmam | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ empate- kmam |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempatikmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempatekkmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempatekmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempatefkmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempateskmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempatenkmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempatetenkmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempatoukmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ etempate- kmam |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempatikmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempatekkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempatekmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempatefkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempateskmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempatenkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempatetenkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempatoukmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnempate- kmam |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ šaikmam | ϣⲁⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ šakkmam | ϣⲁⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ šalekmam | ϣⲁϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ šafkmam | ϣⲁⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ šaskmam | ϣⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ šankmam | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ šatetenkmam | ϣⲁⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ šaukmam | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ šale- kmam |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ meikmam | ⲙⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ mekkmam | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ melekmam | ⲙⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ mefkmam | ⲙⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ meskmam | ⲙⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ menkmam | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ meletenkmam | ⲙⲉⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ meukmam | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ mele- kmam |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ ešaikmam | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ ešakkmam | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ ešalekmam | ⲉϣⲁϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ ešafkmam | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ ešaskmam | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ ešankmam | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ ešatetenkmam | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ ešaukmam | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ ešale- kmam |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ emeikmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ emekkmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ emelekmam | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ emefkmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ emeskmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ emenkmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ emeletenkmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ emeukmam | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ emele- kmam |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ etešaikmam, nšaikmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ etešakkmam, nšakkmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ etešalekmam, nšalekmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛϣⲁϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ etešafkmam, nšafkmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ etešaskmam, nšaskmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ etešankmam, nšankmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ etešatetenkmam, nšatetenkmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ etešaukmam, nšaukmam | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ etešale- kmam, nšale- kmam |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ etemeikmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ etemekkmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ etemelekmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ etemefkmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ etemeskmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ etemenkmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ etemeletenkmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ etemeukmam | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ etemele- kmam |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnešaikmam | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnešakkmam | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnešalekmam | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnešafkmam | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnešaskmam | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnešankmam | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnešatetenkmam | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnešaukmam | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnešale- kmam |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnemeikmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnemekkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnemelekmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnemefkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnemeskmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnemenkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnemeletenkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnemeukmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnemele- kmam |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ nmeikmam | ⲛⲙⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ nmekkmam | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nmelekmam | ⲛⲙⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nmefkmam | ⲛⲙⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nmeskmam | ⲛⲙⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nmenkmam | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nmeletenkmam | ⲛⲙⲉⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ nmeukmam | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ nmele- kmam |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ eiekmam | ⲉⲕⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ ekekmam | ⲉⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ elekmam | ⲉϥⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ efekmam | ⲉⲥⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ esekmam | ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ enekmam | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ eletenekmam | ⲉⲩⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ euekmam | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ ele- kmam |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnakmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnekkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnekmam | ⲛⲛⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnefkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nneskmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnenkmam | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnetenkmam | ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ nnoukmam | ⲛⲛⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ nne- kmam |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ malikmam | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ malefkmam | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ maleskmam | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ malenkmam | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ maloukmam | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ male- kmam |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpeltrikmam | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpeltrefkmam | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpeltreskmam | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpeltrenkmam | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpeltreukmam | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ mpeltre- kmam |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲙⲁⲙ takmam, ntakmam | ⲛⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ nkkmam | ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntekmam | ⲛϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nfkmam | ⲛⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nskmam | ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntenkmam | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntetenkmam | ⲛⲥⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ nsekmam | ⲛⲧⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ nte- kmam |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ talikmam, ntalikmam | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ talekkmam, ntalekkmam | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ talekmam, ntalekmam | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ talefkmam, ntalefkmam | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ taleskmam, ntaleskmam | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ talenkmam, ntalenkmam | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ taletenkmam, ntaletenkmam | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ taloukmam, ntaloukmam | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ tale- kmam, ntale- kmam |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntelikmam | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntelekkmam | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntelekmam | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntelefkmam | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ nteleskmam | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntelenkmam | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ nteletenkmam | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ nteloukmam | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ ntele- kmam |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲕⲙⲁⲙ šantikmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ šantekkmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ šantekmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ šantefkmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ šanteskmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ šantenkmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ šantetenkmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ šantoukmam | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ šante- kmam |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ eišankmam | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ ekšankmam | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ elešankmam | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ efšankmam | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ esšankmam | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ enšankmam | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ eletenšankmam | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ eušankmam | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ elešan- kmam, elšan- kmam |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲕⲙⲁⲙ aikmam | ⲁⲕⲕⲙⲁⲙ akkmam | ⲁⲗⲉⲕⲙⲁⲙ alekmam | ⲁϥⲕⲙⲁⲙ afkmam | ⲁⲥⲕⲙⲁⲙ askmam | ⲁⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ ankmam | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲙⲁⲙ aletenkmam | ⲁⲩⲕⲙⲁⲙ aukmam | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲙⲁⲙ ale- kmam |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

#### Related terms

ⲕⲉⲙⲓ (kemi), ⲕⲉⲙ (kem) - black (adj)
ⲕⲏⲙⲓ (kēmi, “Egypt”)