# 洋燭
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yángzhú
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng$^4$ zuk$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ieo$^2$ zorh$^6$ / iuⁿ$^2$ zorh$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yángzhú
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yángjhú
*** Wade–Giles: yang$^2$-chu$^2$
*** Yale: yáng-jú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yangjwu
*** Palladius: янчжу (jančžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joeng$^4$ zuk$^1$
*** Yale: yèuhng jūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joeng$^4$ dzuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêng$^4$ zug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ieo$^2$ zorh$^6$ [Phonetic: ieo$^4$ lorh$^6$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ieu¹³⁻⁴² $^{(t͡s-)}$lɒʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: iuⁿ$^2$ zorh$^6$ [Phonetic: iuⁿ$^4$ norh$^6$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ĩũ¹³⁻⁴² $^{(t͡s-)}$nɒʔ²/

### Noun

洋燭
* (regional or dated) candle (usually made of paraffin)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蠟燭, 蠟炬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 蠟燭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 洋蠟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 蠟燭 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 洋蠟 dated |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 蠟燭, 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 蠟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 蠟燭, 洋蠟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 蠟, 洋燭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong (Ronghe) | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 蠟燭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 蠟燈, 蠟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 蠟燈 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 洋蠟, 蠟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 蠟燭, 蠟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 蠟燭, 洋蠟, 洋蠟燭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 燭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 洋燭, 洋蠟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 蠟燭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 蠟燭, 洋蠟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kokang | 洋蠟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蠟燭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 油燭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 洋燭 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 蠟燭 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 蠟燭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蠟燭, 洋蠟, 洋蠟燭 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 蠟燭, 燭 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 洋蠟燭, 礦燭 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 洋燭 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 火燭 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 洋燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 蠟燭 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 蠟燭 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 蠟燭, 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 蠟, 洋蠟 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蠟燭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 燭, 蠟燭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 燭 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 燭仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 蠟燭, 燭 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 蠟 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 燭 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 蠟燭, 燭 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 蠟燭 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 燭, 洋燭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 蠟燭 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 蠟燭 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 蠟燭 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 蠟燭, 專燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Wu | Danyang | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 洋燭 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 蠟燭 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 蠟燭 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 蠟燭 |

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “洋烛”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 300.