# ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϫⲓⲟⲩⲉ (čioue) — Sahidic, Akhmimic

### Etymology

From Demotic ḏwj (“steal”), from Egyptian ṯꜣw (“steal”).

### Verb

ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ • (cioui)
* (Bohairic) to steal

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ cioui | imperative | affirmative | ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ cioui |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ štemcioui | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀percioui |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ticioui | ⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ kcioui | ⲧⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ tecioui | ϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ fcioui | ⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ scioui | ⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ tencioui | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ tetencioui | ⲥⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ secioui | ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ cioui |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eicioui | ⲉⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ekcioui | ⲉⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ erecioui | ⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ efcioui | ⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ escioui | ⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ encioui | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eretencioui | ⲉⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eucioui | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ere- cioui |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eticioui | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etekcioui | ⲉⲧⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etecioui | ⲉⲧⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etefcioui | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etescioui | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etencioui | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etetencioui | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etoucioui | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ete- cioui |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ naicioui | ⲛⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nakcioui | ⲛⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ narecioui | ⲛⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nafcioui | ⲛⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nascioui | ⲛⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nancioui | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ naretencioui | ⲛⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ naucioui | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nare- cioui |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ aicioui | ⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ akcioui | ⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ arecioui | ⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ afcioui | ⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ascioui | ⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ancioui | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ aretencioui | ⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ aucioui | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ are- cioui |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ tinacioui | ⲭⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ khnacioui | ⲧⲉⲣⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ teracioui | ϥⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ fnacioui | ⲥⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ snacioui | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ tennacioui | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ tetennacioui | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ senacioui | ⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nacioui |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ einacioui | ⲉⲭⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ekhnacioui | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ erenacioui | ⲉϥⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ efnacioui | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ esnacioui | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ennacioui | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eretennacioui | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eunacioui | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ere- nacioui |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etinacioui | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etekhnacioui | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etenacioui | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etefnacioui | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etesnacioui | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etennacioui | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etetennacioui | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etounacioui | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ete- nacioui |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nainacioui | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nakhnacioui | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ narenacioui | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nafnacioui | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nasnacioui | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nannacioui | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ naretennacioui | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ naunacioui | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nare- nacioui |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ainacioui | ⲁⲭⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ akhnacioui | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ arenacioui | ⲁϥⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ afnacioui | ⲁⲥⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ asnacioui | ⲁⲛⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ annacioui | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ aretennacioui | ⲁⲩⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ aunacioui | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ are- nacioui |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ aicioui | ⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ akcioui | ⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ arecioui | ⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ afcioui | ⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ascioui | ⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ancioui | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ atetencioui | ⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ aucioui | ⲁ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ a- cioui |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀picioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀pekcioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀pecioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀pefcioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀pescioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀pencioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀petencioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀poucioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀pe- cioui |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eaicioui | ⲉⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eakcioui | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ earecioui | ⲉⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eafcioui | ⲉⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eascioui | ⲉⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eancioui | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eatetencioui | ⲉⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eaucioui | ⲉⲁ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ea- cioui |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀picioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pekcioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pecioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pefcioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pescioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pencioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀petencioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀poucioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pe- cioui |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etaicioui | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etakcioui | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etarecioui | ⲉⲧⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etafcioui | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etascioui | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etancioui | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etaretencioui | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etaucioui | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eta- cioui |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀picioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀pekcioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀pecioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀pefcioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀pescioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀pencioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀petencioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀poucioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀pe- cioui |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ neaicioui | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ neakcioui | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nearecioui | ⲛⲉⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ neafcioui | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ neascioui | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ neancioui | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ neatetencioui | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ neaucioui | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nea- cioui |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nem̀picioui | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nem̀pekcioui | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nem̀pecioui | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nem̀pefcioui | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nem̀pescioui | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nem̀pencioui | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nem̀petencioui | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nem̀poucioui | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nem̀pe- cioui |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etaicioui | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etakcioui | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etarecioui | ⲉⲧⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etafcioui | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etascioui | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etancioui | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etaretencioui | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etaucioui | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eta- cioui |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀paticioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀patekcioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀patecioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀patefcioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀patescioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀patencioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀patetencioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀patoucioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀pate- cioui |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀paticioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀patekcioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀patecioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀patefcioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀patescioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀patencioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀patetencioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀patoucioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pate- cioui |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀paticioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀patekcioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀patecioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀patefcioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀patescioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀patencioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀patetencioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀patoucioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀pate- cioui |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀paticioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀patekcioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀patecioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀patefcioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀patescioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀patencioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀patetencioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀patoucioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀pate- cioui |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šaicioui | ϣⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šakcioui | ϣⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šarecioui | ϣⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šafcioui | ϣⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šascioui | ϣⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šancioui | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šatetencioui | ϣⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šaucioui | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šare- cioui |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀paicioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀pakcioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀parecioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀pafcioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀pascioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀pancioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀paretencioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀paucioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀pare- cioui |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ešaicioui | ⲉϣⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ešakcioui | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ešarecioui | ⲉϣⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ešafcioui | ⲉϣⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ešascioui | ⲉϣⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ešancioui | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ešatetencioui | ⲉϣⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ešaucioui | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ešare- cioui |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀paicioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pakcioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀parecioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pafcioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pascioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pancioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀paretencioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀paucioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pare- cioui |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etšaicioui | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etšakcioui | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etšarecioui | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etšafcioui | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etšascioui | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etšancioui | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etšatetencioui | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etšaucioui | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etšare- cioui |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀paicioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀pakcioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀parecioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀pafcioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀pascioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀pancioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀paretencioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀paucioui | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ etm̀pare- cioui |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ našaicioui | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ našakcioui | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ našarecioui | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ našafcioui | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ našascioui | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ našancioui | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ našatetencioui | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ našaucioui | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ našare- cioui |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀paicioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀pakcioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀parecioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀pafcioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀pascioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀pancioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀paretencioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀paucioui | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ nam̀pare- cioui |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀paicioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pakcioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀parecioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pafcioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pascioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pancioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀paretencioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀paucioui | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ em̀pare- cioui |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eiecioui | ⲉⲕⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ekecioui | ⲉⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ erecioui | ⲉϥⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ efecioui | ⲉⲥⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ esecioui | ⲉⲛⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ enecioui | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ eretenecioui | ⲉⲩⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ euecioui | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ere- cioui |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹnacioui | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹnekcioui | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹnecioui | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹnefcioui | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹnescioui | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹnencioui | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹnetencioui | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹnoucioui | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹne- cioui |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ maricioui | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ marefcioui | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ marescioui | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ marencioui | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ maroucioui | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ mare- cioui |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀penthricioui | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀penthrefcioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀penthrescioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀penthrencioui | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀penthreucioui | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ m̀penthre- cioui |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹtacioui | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹtekcioui | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹtecioui | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹtefcioui | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹtescioui | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹtencioui | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹtetencioui | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹsecioui, ǹtoucioui | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ǹte- cioui |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ taricioui | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ tarekcioui | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ tarecioui | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ tarefcioui | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ tarescioui | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ tarencioui | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ taretencioui | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ taroucioui | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ tare- cioui |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šaticioui | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šatekcioui | ϣⲁⲧⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šatecioui | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šatefcioui | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šatescioui | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šatencioui | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šatetencioui | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šatoucioui | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ šate- cioui |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ aišancioui | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ akšancioui | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ arešancioui | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ afšancioui | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ asšancioui | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ anšancioui | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ aretenšancioui | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ aušancioui | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ arešan- cioui |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ aicioui | ⲁⲕϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ akcioui | ⲁⲣⲉϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ arecioui | ⲁϥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ afcioui | ⲁⲥϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ascioui | ⲁⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ ancioui | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ aretencioui | ⲁⲩϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ aucioui | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ are- cioui |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN