# 新手
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xīnshǒu
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ ㄕㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): san$^1$ sau$^2$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): xin$^1$ su$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sin-chhiú
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xīnshǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄕㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sinshǒu
*** Wade–Giles: hsin$^1$-shou$^3$
*** Yale: syīn-shǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinshoou
*** Palladius: синьшоу (sinʹšou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^1$ sau$^2$
*** Yale: sān sáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^1$ sau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^1$ seo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$新手 身手
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xin$^1$ su$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /sin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ su³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin-chhiú
*** Tâi-lô: sin-tshiú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sinchiuo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

### Noun

新手
* beginner; novice; newcomer
    新手指南 ― xīnshǒu zhǐnán ― beginner's guide

#### Synonyms

* (informal) 菜鳥／菜鸟 (càiniǎo)
* (Hakka) 新腳／新脚
* (Hokkien) 菜鳥仔／菜鸟仔
* (Xiang) 暴參子／暴参子, 暴生子, 暴呵子

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 新 | 手 |
| あら Grade: 2 | て Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 荒手 (rare)
Compound of 新 (ara, “new”, root stem of adjective 新た arata, “new”; cognate with obsolete verb 生る aru, “to appear, to become manifest”) +‎ 手 (te, “hand; -er, someone who does something”). Compare the English expressions new hand, old hand.
Alternatively, may be parsed as a compound of 荒 (ara, “rough, unfinished”, cognate with 新 (ara, “new”)) +‎ 手 (te, “hand; -er, someone who does something”).
First attested in a text from 1220.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あらて [àráté] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠ɾa̠te̞]

#### Noun

新(あら)手(て) • (arate)
* [from 1886] beginner, novice, newcomer, a greenhorn
    Synonym: 初心者 (shoshinsha)
    Antonym: 古手 (furute, literally “old hand”)
* [from 1220] reinforcements, soldiers or athletes who have been kept in reserve during a battle or match and who are not yet tired
* [date uncertain] a new method, a new way of doing something
    Synonym: 新手 (shinte)
    Antonym: 古手 (furute, literally “old hand”)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 新 | 手 |
| しん Grade: 2 | て Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | kun'yomi |
Appears to be a re-analysis of 新手 (arate), replacing the kun'yomi of ara for 新 (“new”) with its on'yomi of shin.
First attested in a text from 1790.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんて [shìńté] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩnte̞]

#### Noun

新(しん)手(て) • (shinte)
* [from 1790] a new method, a new way of doing something
    Synonym: 新手 (arate)
    Antonym: 古手 (furute, literally “old hand”)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN