# 戎

| 戎 | U+620E, &#25102; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-620E |
| ← 戍 [U+620D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 戏 → [U+620F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

戎 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈十 (IJ), four-corner 5340$_0$, composition ⿹戈𠂇(GHTJK) or ⿻戊一(V))

#### Derived characters

* 𠈋, 𠲦, 𡊸, 娀, 㣝, 𢫨, 𣴛, 狨, 㭜, 毧, 𤇽, 𮁱, 𥅯, 𥑳, 䄾, 䘬, 𫂽, 絨(绒), 羢, 𦕧, 𧊕, 賊(贼), 𧻪, 𨀻, 𨠤, 𨱿, 𬫍, 𣉝, 駥, 𩶺, 𪀚, 𢦛, 茙, 𥬪, 𫻸, 䯷, 𪀵

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 411, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11539
* Dae Jaweon: page 752, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1397, character 8
* Unihan data for U+620E

## Chinese

* 西戎 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Xirong (English)
* 戎姓

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戎 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 娀 | *snuŋ |
| 戎 | *njuŋ |
| 茙 | *njuŋ |
| 駥 | *njuŋ |
| 狨 | *njuŋ |
| 絨 | *njuŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 盾 (“shield”) + 戈 (“halberd; weapons”) – weaponry, arms.

### Etymology
#### “you”

    From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”).

#### “bellicose, warlike”

    Goldin (2011) proposes that the "pseudo-ethnonym" sense 戎 (róng) was derived from "bellicose".

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): róng (rong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jung$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yùng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̀ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liông / jiông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): rong$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$gnion; $^6$zon / $^2$zon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: róng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: róng
*** Wade–Giles: jung$^2$
*** Yale: rúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rong
*** Palladius: жун (žun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jung$^4$
*** Yale: yùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: iung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀ng
*** Sinological IPA : /yŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
*** Tâi-lô: liông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /liɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiông
*** Tâi-lô: jiông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jioong
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɔŋ¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: rong$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jông
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡zoŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gnion; $^6$zon
*** MiniDict: nyon$^去$; zon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyion; $^3$zon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲioŋ²³/, /zoŋ²³/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$zon
*** MiniDict: zon$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zoŋ²²³/
* gnion - vernacular;
* zon - literary.
* Middle Chinese: nyuwng
Rime :
| Character | 戎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 如融切 |
| Baxter | nyuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭuŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | róng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*nuŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njuŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 戎 | 戎 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | róng | róng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyuwng › | ‹ nyuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*nuŋ/ | /*nuŋ/ |
| English | foreigners in the west | weapon |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 戎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10849 |
| Phonetic component | 戎 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 戎 |
| Old Chinese | /*njuŋ/ |

### Definitions

戎
* (literary) arms; armaments
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Shì yuè yě, tiānzǐ nǎi jiào yú tiánliè, yǐ xí wǔróng, bān mǎ zhèng. [Pinyin]
    In this month the son of Heaven, by means of hunting, teaches how to use the five weapons of war, and the rules for the management of horses.
* (literary) army; military affairs
    投筆從戎／投笔从戎 ― tóubǐcóngróng ― to cast aside the pen and join the army
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Guó zhī dàshì, zài sì yǔ róng. [Pinyin]
    The great affairs of the state are sacrifice and warfare.
* (obsolete) you
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Róng suī xiǎozǐ, ér shì hóngdà. [Pinyin]
    Though you may be [but as] little children, your work is vast and great.
* Used in 戎戎 (róngróng).
* Used in 蒙戎.
* (historical) a general term for ethnic groups in the west of China
    See also: 西戎
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Shìyǐ Qín yòng Róngrén Yóuyú ér bà Zhōngguó, Qí yòng Yuèrén Méng ér qiáng Wēi, Xuān. [Pinyin]
    So Qin used the Rong man Youyu and established hegemony over the central states, Qi used the Yue man Meng and strengthened (kings) Wei and Xuan.
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 元戎
* 兵戎 (bīngróng)
* 即戎
* 和戎
* 嘉戎 (Jiāróng)
* 大戎
* 大總戎／大总戎
* 女戎
* 小戎
* 從戎／从戎 (cóngróng)
* 戎事
* 戎兵
* 戎寄
* 戎幕
* 戎戎 (róngróng)
* 戎旃
* 戎服
* 戎機／戎机 (róngjī)
* 戎狄 (róngdí)
* 戎索
* 戎行 (róngháng)
* 戎衣 (róngyī)
* 戎裝／戎装 (róngzhuāng)
* 戎車／戎车
* 戎首
* 戎馬／戎马 (róngmǎ)
* 戎馬倥傯／戎马倥偬 (róngmǎkǒngzǒng)
* 戎馬生郊／戎马生郊
* 投筆從戎／投笔从戎 (tóubǐcóngróng)
* 治戎
* 犬戎 (Quǎnróng)
* 狐裘蒙戎
* 獯戎
* 王戎
* 總戎／总戎
* 羌戎
* 興戎／兴戎
* 蒙戎
* 蠻夷戎狄／蛮夷戎狄 (mányí róngdí)
* 西戎 (Xīróng)
* 阿戎 (āróng)
* 驪戎／骊戎

### References

* “戎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* warrior
* arms
* barbarian
* Ainu

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): じゅう (jū)
* Kun: つわもの (tsuwamono, 戎)、えびす (ebisu, 戎)

### Proper noun

戎(えびす) • (Ebisu)
* a surname
* alternative spelling of 恵比須 (Ebisu), a Shinto god

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [juŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [융]

### Hanja

Wikisource 戎 • (yung) (hangeul 융, revised yung, McCune–Reischauer yung, Yale yung)
* arms
* armaments
* military affair

## Vietnamese
### Han character

戎: Hán Nôm readings: nhung, nhỏng, nhong, xong, nhùng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.