# 庸

| 庸 | U+5EB8, &#24248; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EB8 |
| ← 康 [U+5EB7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 庹 → [U+5EB9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

庸 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈中月 (ILB), four-corner 0022$_7$, composition ⿸广𬎾)

#### Derived characters

* 傭 嘃 墉 嫞 慵 槦 滽 牅 牗 鄘 鏞(镛) 鱅(鳙) 鷛(𱊤) 㟾 㣑 㺎 䗤 䧡 𥡲 𦟛

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 347, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9378
* Dae Jaweon: page 658, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 890, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5EB8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 通 | *l̥ʰoːŋ |
| 俑 | *l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ |
| 蓪 | *l̥ʰoːŋ |
| 桶 | *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ |
| 捅 | *l̥ʰoːŋʔ |
| 痛 | *l̥ʰoːŋs |
| 筩 | *l'oːŋ |
| 誦 | *ljoŋs |
| 傭 | *l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ |
| 慵 | *ɦljoŋ |
| 鱅 | *ɦljoŋ, *loŋ |
| 滽 | *loŋ |
| 墉 | *loŋ |
| 鏞 | *loŋ |
| 鄘 | *loŋ |
| 槦 | *loŋ |
| 銿 | *loŋ |
| 甬 | *loŋʔ |
| 勇 | *loŋʔ |
| 涌 | *loŋʔ |
| 踊 | *loŋʔ |
| 蛹 | *loŋʔ |
| 恿 | *loŋʔ |
| 慂 | *loŋʔ |
| 悀 | *loŋʔ |
| 埇 | *loŋʔ |
| 踴 | *loŋʔ |
| 庸 | *loŋ |
| 用 | *loŋs |
| 佣 | *loŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated semantic 庚 + phonetic 用 (OC *loŋs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yōng, yóng (yong$^1$, yong$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥ, ㄩㄥˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jung$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yuung$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yûng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̀ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iông / iûⁿ / sông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iong$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yong
*** Wade–Giles: yung$^1$
*** Yale: yūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iong
*** Palladius: юн (jun)
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yóng
*** Wade–Giles: yung$^2$
*** Yale: yúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yong
*** Palladius: юн (jun)
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jung$^4$
*** Yale: yùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yuung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɵŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: iung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀ng
*** Sinological IPA : /yŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iông
*** Tâi-lô: iông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ioong
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Xiamen): /iɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iûⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: iûnn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: viuu
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iũ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iũ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sông
*** Tâi-lô: sông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soong
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /sɔŋ²⁴/
* iông - literary;
* sông - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: yowng
Rime :
| Character | 庸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 餘封切 |
| Baxter | yowng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨoŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jioŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ioŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juawŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ioŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭwoŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯woŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*loŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*loŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 庸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yowng › |
| Old Chinese | /*loŋ/ |
| English | use; advantage |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 庸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15459 |
| Phonetic component | 用 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 容 |
| Old Chinese | /*loŋ/ |

### Definitions

庸
* to use; to employ
* to need
    毋庸置疑 ― wúyōngzhìyí ― to not need to question
* contribution; merit
* ordinary; common; (by extension) mediocre; inferior
* (literary, rhetorical question) how; how can it be that (used in rhetorical questions)
    Synonym: 豈／岂 (qǐ)
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Zǐyí zàiwèi, shísì nián yǐ; ér móu zhào jūn zhě, yōng fēi èr hū? [Pinyin]
    Ziyi held the earldom for fourteen years; those who took measures to call in your lordship, how did they not show a divided allegiance?
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (common): 平 (píng)
* (mediocre): 凡 (fán)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “ordinary”): 偉／伟 (wěi) (extraordinary, great)

### Compounds

* 丁庸
* 上庸 (Shàngyōng)
* 世庸
* 中庸 (zhōngyōng)
* 中庸之道 (zhōngyōng zhī dào)
* 代庸
* 何庸
* 保庸
* 六義附庸／六义附庸
* 凡庸 (fányōng)
* 功庸
* 勳庸／勋庸
* 勿庸
* 卑庸
* 反庸
* 取庸
* 嘉庸
* 外庸
* 大庸 (Dàyōng)
* 奏庸
* 奮庸／奋庸
* 妄庸
* 孱庸
* 家庸
* 宮庸／宫庸
* 密庸
* 居庸
* 居庸關／居庸关 (Jūyōngguān)
* 市庸
* 常庸
* 平庸 (píngyōng)
* 平庸之輩／平庸之辈
* 幽庸
* 庸下
* 庸中佼佼
* 庸中皦皦
* 庸主
* 庸人 (yōngrén)
* 庸人自擾／庸人自扰 (yōngrénzìrǎo)
* 庸伍
* 庸伐
* 庸何
* 庸作
* 庸俗 (yōngsú)
* 庸保
* 庸僕／庸仆
* 庸僦
* 庸儒
* 庸凡
* 庸功
* 庸劣
* 庸勳／庸勋
* 庸可
* 庸君
* 庸器
* 庸回
* 庸塞
* 庸夫
* 庸夫俗子
* 庸奴
* 庸妄
* 庸孰
* 庸安
* 庸客
* 庸岷
* 庸常
* 庸庸
* 庸庸碌碌 (yōngyōnglùlù)
* 庸廝／庸厮
* 庸弱
* 庸德
* 庸怯
* 庸怠
* 庸情
* 庸愚
* 庸愎
* 庸憒／庸愦
* 庸懦
* 庸才 (yōngcái)
* 庸昧
* 庸暗
* 庸末
* 庸朽
* 庸材
* 庸格
* 庸橫／庸横
* 庸次
* 庸民
* 庸沓
* 庸淺／庸浅
* 庸渠
* 庸熟
* 庸狗
* 庸狡
* 庸猥
* 庸瑣／庸琐
* 庸田
* 庸疏
* 庸眾／庸众
* 庸眾人／庸众人
* 庸短
* 庸碌 (yōnglù)
* 庸碌無能／庸碌无能
* 庸祗
* 庸租
* 庸素
* 庸績／庸绩
* 庸繆／庸缪
* 庸耳俗目
* 庸腐
* 庸臣
* 庸蔽
* 庸薄
* 庸藐
* 庸虛／庸虚
* 庸蜀
* 庸衆人／庸众人
* 庸行
* 庸言
* 庸言庸行
* 庸詎／庸讵 (yōngjù)
* 庸說／庸说
* 庸豎／庸竖
* 庸賃／庸赁
* 庸賤／庸贱
* 庸近
* 庸違／庸违
* 庸遴
* 庸遽
* 庸邪
* 庸鄙
* 庸醫／庸医 (yōngyī)
* 庸釋／庸释
* 庸鈍／庸钝
* 庸錢／庸钱
* 庸闇／庸暗
* 庸闒／庸阘
* 庸陋
* 庸隸／庸隶
* 庸韋／庸韦
* 庸音
* 庸駑／庸驽
* 庸騃／庸𫘤
* 庸鹵／庸卤
* 庸鼓
* 役庸
* 徒庸
* 徵庸／征庸
* 德庸
* 徽庸
* 恆庸／恒庸
* 愚庸
* 懋庸
* 懦庸
* 戰庸／战庸
* 旌庸
* 昏庸 (hūnyōng)
* 昭庸
* 暗庸
* 樗櫟庸材／樗栎庸材
* 殊庸
* 毋庸 (wúyōng)
* 毋庸置疑 (wúyōngzhìyí)
* 民庸
* 水庸
* 流庸
* 淺庸／浅庸
* 無庸／无庸 (wúyōng)
* 無庸置疑／无庸置疑 (wúyōngzhìyí)
* 無庸置辯／无庸置辩
* 無庸諱言／无庸讳言
* 無庸贅言／无庸赘言
* 疇庸／畴庸
* 疏庸
* 疲庸
* 登庸 (dēngyōng)
* 砭庸鍼俗／砭庸针俗
* 碌碌庸庸
* 碌碌庸才
* 碌碌庸流
* 祗庸
* 租庸
* 租庸調／租庸调
* 笙庸
* 紀庸／纪庸
* 考庸
* 腐庸
* 膚庸／肤庸
* 茂庸
* 著庸
* 虛庸／虚庸
* 蚩庸
* 衰庸闒懦／衰庸阘懦
* 衰庸闒茸／衰庸阘茸
* 謹庸／谨庸
* 譾庸／谫庸
* 豐庸／丰庸
* 貞庸／贞庸
* 貪庸／贪庸
* 賁庸／贲庸
* 買庸／买庸
* 賤庸／贱庸
* 賣庸／卖庸
* 贊庸／赞庸
* 贖庸／赎庸
* 軍庸／军庸
* 輕庸／轻庸
* 輸庸／输庸
* 酬庸
* 采庸
* 附庸 (fùyōng)
* 附庸國／附庸国 (fùyōngguó)
* 附庸風雅／附庸风雅 (fùyōng fēngyǎ)
* 陋庸
* 靖言庸回
* 靖言庸違／靖言庸违
* 靖譖庸回／靖谮庸回
* 靜言庸違／静言庸违
* 顓庸／颛庸
* 顯庸／显庸
* 馬庸／马庸
* 駑庸／驽庸
* 騃庸／𫘤庸
* 驕庸／骄庸
* 高庸

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* commonplace

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): よう (yō, Jōyō)
* Kun: なみ (nami)、つね (tsune, 庸)、もちいる (mochiiru, 庸いる)

#### Compounds

* 庸愚
* 庸君
* 庸言庸行
* 庸才
* 庸常
* 庸人
* 庸俗
* 庸夫
* 庸劣
* 中庸
* 登庸
* 凡庸
* Kanji in this term
* 庸
* よう Grade: S
* on'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) よー [yóꜜò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [jo̞ː]

### Affix

庸(よう) • (yō)
* ordinary; commonplace

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

庸 (eum 용 (yong))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

庸: Hán Nôm readings: dong, dông, dung, giông
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation