# 妻子
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qīzi
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ ˙ㄗ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qi$^1$ zi$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cai$^1$ zi$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhî-chṳ́
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhe-chú / chhe-chír
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ci$^1$ ze$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$chi-tsy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīzi
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ ˙ㄗ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cizi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^1$-tzŭ$^5$
*** Yale: chī-dz
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi.tzy
*** Palladius: цицзы (ciczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: qi$^1$ zi$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kiz
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cai$^1$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: chāi jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsai$^1$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cei$^1$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhî-chṳ́
*** Hakka Romanization System: qi$^ˊ$ zii$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qi$^1$ zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe-chú
*** Tâi-lô: tshe-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhezuo
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe-chír
*** Tâi-lô: tshe-tsír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ci$^1$ ze$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshi tsṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰi³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$chi-tsy
*** MiniDict: chi$^平$ tsy
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$qi-tsr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/
* Middle Chinese: tshej tsiX
Rime :
| Character | 妻 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 七稽切 | 即里切 |
| Baxter | tshej | tsiX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰei/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰei/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛi/ | /t͡sie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛj/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰei/ | /t͡siə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰiei/ | /t͡sĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰiei/ | /t͡si$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qī | zǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cai$^1$ | zi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤəj tsəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰiːl ʔslɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 妻 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qī | zǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshej › | ‹ tsi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁəj/ | /*tsəʔ/ |
| English | consort, wife | child; gentleman, master |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 妻 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9913 | 17857 |
| Phonetic component | 妻 | 子 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 妻 | 子 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰiːl/ | /*ʔslɯʔ/ |

#### Noun

妻子
* wife
       Tā yǒu yī ge qīzi hé liǎng ge háizi yào yǎnghuó. [Pinyin]
       He has a wife and two young children to provide for.
    From: 759, Du Fu, 新婚別
    Jiéfà wéi qīzǐ, xí bù nuǎn jūn chuáng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

##### Synonyms

* 家室 (jiāshì)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 妻, 妻兒, 內人, 內子, 夫人, 娘子 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 妻子, 夫人, 太太, 妻室, 妻房, 拙荊 humble |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 女人, 媳婦兒, 老婆子, 家項兒 dated |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 太太, 老婆, 牽手 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 媳婦兒, 老娘們兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 媳婦兒, 老娘們兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 老娘們兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 媳婦兒, 老娘們兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 老婆, 媳婦兒, 屋裡的, 屋裡人兒, 老娘們兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 老婆, 家裡的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 老婆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 老婆, 太太 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 老婆, 屋裡的, 家裡的, 娘們兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Weicheng) | 老婆, 家裡 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Fangzi) | 老婆, 媳婦, 家裡 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Changle | 老婆, 媳婦, 家裡 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shouguang | 老婆, 女人 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Wulian | 老婆, 辦飯的 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 老婆, 媳婦, 女的, 家裡, 家裡的 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 老婆, 媳婦, 家裡兒的 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 老婆子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Weifang (Hanting) | 老婆, 媳婦 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Changyi | 老婆, 媳婦, 家裡 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Gaomi | 老婆, 媳婦, 家裡 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 媳子, 老婆 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Anqiu | 老婆, 媳婦, 家裡 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Linqu | 老婆, 媳婦 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingzhou | 老婆, 媳婦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 女人, 媳婦兒, 屋裡的, 家裡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 老婆, 媳婦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 媳婦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 女人, 媳婦兒, 老婆, 婆娘, 屋裡人, 屋裡家 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 媳婦, 婆娘, 家裡的 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 女的, 家下, 家來的, 家裡人, 媳婦兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 老婆, 婆姨, 婆娘, 妻人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 老婆, 婆姨, 女人, 妻人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 婆姨, 媳婦, 女人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 老婆, 屋裡的 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 女人, 媳婦, 屋裡的, 家裡的 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 女人, 媳婦兒, 央格子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 女的, 女人, 老娘兒, 婆娘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 女的, 女將, 屋裡 dated, 屋裡的 dated, 屋裡人 dated, 家務 dated, 堂客 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 女的, 女人, 婆娘, 屋頭人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 婆娘, 老婆, 媳婦, 女人, 家首 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 老婆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 老婆, 婆娘 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Sanjiang (Danzhou) | 老婆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 女的, 女人, 老婆, 媽媽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 老婆, 媽媽, 堂客, 女眷 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 女人, 女將 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 堂客, 女將, 奶奶, 老婆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 老婆, 奶奶們 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 屋裡人, 屋裡, 堂客 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 老婆, 女人, 煮飯婆, 堂客 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 老婆, 煮飯婆, 太太 non-face-to-face |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 老婆, 太太 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 老婆, 家下, 夫娘 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 老婆, 燒火婆 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 老婆, 婦娘 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Dongxing | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 老婆 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 老婆, 太太 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 老婆 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 老婆, 女客 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 老婆, 女客 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 婆娘, 老婆 |
| Gan | Jianning | 老婆 |
| Gan | Taining | 阿娘 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 老婆, 婦人家 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Nanxiong (Zhuji) | 婦娘, 堂客 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 婆乸 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 婦娘 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 婦娘 |
| Hakka | Pinghe (Jiufeng) | 媽娘 |
| Hakka | Changting | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Shanghang | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 老婆, 婦娘 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 婦娘 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Qingliu | 婦娘 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 老婆, 婦娘 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 老婆, 婦娘 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 婦娘, 老姐 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 姐仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 婦娘, 老姐 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 婦娘, 老姐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 婦娘, 老姐 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 婦娘 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 老婆 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 老婆, 番婆 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 老婆 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 老嫗 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 老婆, 堂客 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 老婆 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 老婆 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 老婆 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 婦兒家 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 老婆 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 老婆, 婦人個 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 老婆 |
| Huizhou | Jingde | 屋裡 |
| Huizhou | Shitai (Xianyu) | 老婆 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 老婆, 家裡的, 女人, 婆姨 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 老婆, 媳婦, 婆姨 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 女人, 老婆, 婆姨 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 老婆 |
| Jin | Linhe | 老婆, 女人 |
| Jin | Jining | 老婆, 媳婦 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 女人 |
| Jin | Baotou | 老婆, 媳婦 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 老婆 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 老婆 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 老媽 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 老媽 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 老媽 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 老媽 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 老媽 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 老媽 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 老媽 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 老媽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 老媽, 諸娘儂, 厝裡, 𡚸, 老小 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 老媽, 厝裡 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 老媽, 厝裡 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 老媽, 𡚸, 厝裡 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 老媽 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 老媽 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 老媽 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 老媽 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 老媽 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 老媽 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 老媽 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 老媽 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 老媽 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 老媽 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 老媽 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 老媽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 老媽 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 老媽 |
| Eastern Min | Sitiawan (Gutian) | 老媽 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 某, 牽手, 牽手的, 查某儂, 厝內, 厝內儂, 家內, 家內儂, 家後, 內人, 內助, 婦人儂, 柴耙, 老柴杮, 老柴㷮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 某 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 某, 牽手, 牽手的, 查某儂, 厝內, 家內, 家內儂, 家後, 內人, 內助, 婦人儂 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 某, 厝內儂 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 某 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 某 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 某 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 某 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 某 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 某 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 某, 牽手, 牽手的, 查某儂, 厝內, 厝內儂, 家內, 家內儂, 家後, 內人, 內助, 婦人儂, 內頭, 㾀菜籃, 煮飯婆, 煮飯的 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 某 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 某 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 某 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 某 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 某 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 某 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 某 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 某 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 某 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 太太, 某, 牽手 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 太太, 阮厝的查某儂, 阿貼的, 後柴耙, 某 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 太太, 某, 查某儂, 柴耙, 牽手, 牽的, 煮飯的 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 太太, 某, 查某儂, 家後, 柴耙, 牽手, 牽的, 煮飯的 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 某, 查某人, 柴耙, 牽手, 煮飯的 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 某, 家後, 牽手 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 某 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 太太, 某, 查某儂, 柴耙, 牽手, 牽的, 煮飯的 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 某 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 某, 家後, 查某儂, 煮飯的, 柴耙 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 某, 家內, 太的 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 某, 牽手, 查某儂, 姿娘, 夫人, 家內, 柴耙 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 某, 查某儂, 家後 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 某, 厝內, 厝內儂 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 某, 牽手, 牽手的 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 老婆 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 查某儂, 某 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 查某, 老媽 non-face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Datian | 老媽 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 𡚸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 𡚸, 老婆 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 𡚸 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 𡚸 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 老, 老婆, 𡚸 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 𡚸 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 𡚸, 㜁𡚸 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 𡚸 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 𡚸, 老婆 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 老婆, 婆 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 老婆 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 老婆, 妰娝 dated |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 老婆 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 老媽, 姆, 嬸娘 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 老媽, 姆 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 老媽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 老媽, 嬸娘, 姆 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 老媽, 老婆 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 老媽, 老婆 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 老媽 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 俺娘 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 俺娘 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 阿娘 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 媽娘 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 媽娘 |
| Shaojiang Min | Jiangle | 老婆 |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 阿娘 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shunchang | 老婆 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 老婆 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 老婆, 女人 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 老婆 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 女人 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 老婆, 太太, 妻子, 夫人, 內人, 女人, 家主婆, 屋裡個, 屋裡 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 女個, 屋裡, 女客, 女人 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 女人, 家小, 家主婆, 家婆, 屋裡, 老婆 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 老婆, 女人, 家主婆, 屋裡人 |
| Wu | Danyang | 女個, 老媽, 家裡 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 老婆, 老娘, 女人, 女的, 屋裡, 屋裡廂 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 老媽 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 老婆, 老𡢿, 女人, 屋裡人 dated |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 老安, 老安人, 老人兒, 老人客, 老人, 屋裡 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 老婆, 窩裡 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 老媽 |
| Wu | Pucheng | 老婆 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 堂客, 內當家, 婆婆子 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 堂客 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 堂客, 婆娘, 老婆, 屋裡個, 他㑲娘 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 堂客, 老婆 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 堂客, 老婆 non-face-to-face |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 老婆 |

##### Antonyms

* 丈夫 (zhàngfu, “husband”)

##### Derived terms

* 兄弟如手足，妻子如衣服 (xiōngdì rú shǒuzú, qīzǐ rú yīfu)

##### See also

* 配偶 (pèi'ǒu)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīzǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ ㄗˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cai$^1$ zi$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhî-chṳ́
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhe-chú / chhe-chír
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīzǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cizǐh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^1$-tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: chī-dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chitzyy
*** Palladius: цицзы (ciczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cai$^1$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: chāi jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsai$^1$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cei$^1$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhî-chṳ́
*** Hakka Romanization System: qi$^ˊ$ zii$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qi$^1$ zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe-chú
*** Tâi-lô: tshe-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhezuo
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe-chír
*** Tâi-lô: tshe-tsír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tshej tsiX
Rime :
| Character | 妻 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 七稽切 | 即里切 |
| Baxter | tshej | tsiX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰei/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰei/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛi/ | /t͡sie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛj/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰei/ | /t͡siə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰiei/ | /t͡sĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰiei/ | /t͡si$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qī | zǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cai$^1$ | zi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤəj tsəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰiːl ʔslɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 妻 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qī | zǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshej › | ‹ tsi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁəj/ | /*tsəʔ/ |
| English | consort, wife | child; gentleman, master |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 妻 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9913 | 17857 |
| Phonetic component | 妻 | 子 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 妻 | 子 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰiːl/ | /*ʔslɯʔ/ |

#### Noun

妻子
* (Classical) wife and child(ren)
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Fùmǔ dòng'è, xiōngdì qīzǐ lísàn. [Pinyin]
    Their parents suffer from cold and hunger. Brothers, wives, and children are separated and scattered abroad.
    From: 421, 陶淵明 Tao Yuanming, 桃花源記 (The Peach Blossom Spring)
    Zì yún xiānshì bì Qín shí luàn, lǜ qīzǐ yìrén lái cǐ juéjìng, bù fù chū yān. [Pinyin]
    They told the fisherman that their ancestors had fled the chaos of the Qin Dynasty, and had led their wives and children and fellow villagers to this secluded place. No one has left ever since.
    From: 752, 杜甫 (Du Fu), 兵車行
    Yēniáng qīzǐ zǒu xiàngsòng, chén'āi bùjiàn xiányángqiáo. [Pinyin]
    Parents, wives and children run behind to send them off, the dust is kicked up and blocked the sight of the Xianyang Bridge.

##### Synonyms

* 妻兒／妻儿 (qī'ér)
* 妻孥 (qīnú) (dated)
* 妻小 (qīxiǎo) (dated)
* 家小 (jiāxiǎo) (colloquial)
* 家眷 (jiājuàn)
* 某囝 (Hokkien)
* 老媽囝／老妈囝 (sē-mǎ-gṳǐng) (Northern Min)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 妻子(さいし) (saishi)
* → Korean: 처자(妻子) (cheoja)
* → Vietnamese: thê tử (妻子)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 妻 | 子 |
| さい Grade: 5 | し Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese 妻子 (MC tshej tsiX).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さいし [sáꜜìshì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sa̠iɕi]

#### Noun

妻(さい)子(し) • (saishi)
* wife and children

##### Synonyms

* 妻子(つまこ) (tsumako), 妻子(めこ) (meko), 妻孥(さいど) (saido)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 妻 | 子 |
| つま Grade: 5 | こ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 妻子 – see the following entry. :
| 【つまこ】 | [noun] wife and children |
(This term, 妻子, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 妻 | 子 |
| め Grade: 5 | こ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 妻子 – see the following entry. :
| 【めこ】 | [noun] (Classical Japanese) wife and children |
(This term, 妻子, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 妻 | 子 |

### Noun

妻子 • (cheoja) (hangeul 처자)
* hanja form of 처자 (“wife and children”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 妻 | 子 |

### Noun

妻子
* chữ Hán form of thê tử.