# 孌

| 孌 | U+5B4C, &#23372; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B4C |
| ← 孋 [U+5B4B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 孍 → [U+5B4D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

孌 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+19, 22 strokes, cangjie input 女火女 (VFV), four-corner 2240$_1$, composition ⿱龻女)
* lovely, beautiful
* docile, obedient

#### Derived characters

* 𭒵

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 274, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6912
* Dae Jaweon: page 542, character 41
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1091, character 8
* Unihan data for U+5B4C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蠻 | *mroːn |
| 矕 | *mroːnʔ |
| 變 | *prons |
| 鸞 | *b·roːn |
| 巒 | *b·roːn |
| 灤 | *b·roːn |
| 欒 | *b·roːn |
| 鑾 | *b·roːn |
| 臠 | *b·roːn, *b·ronʔ |
| 羉 | *b·roːn |
| 䜌 | *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons |
| 灓 | *b·roːn, *b·roːns, *b·rons |
| 圝 | *b·roːn |
| 曫 | *b·roːn |
| 孿 | *smroːns, *smrons |
| 彎 | *qroːn |
| 灣 | *qroːn |
| 攣 | *b·ron |
| 孌 | *b·ronʔ, *b·rons |
| 戀 | *b·rons |
| 㪻 | *pʰlons, *klons |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): luán, lüǎn, luǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄢˊ, ㄌㄩㄢˇ, ㄌㄨㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lyun$^5$ / lyun$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: luán
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: luán
*** Wade–Giles: luan$^2$
*** Yale: lwán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luan
*** Palladius: луань (luanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯än³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lüǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄩㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lyuǎn
*** Wade–Giles: lüan$^3$
*** Yale: lywǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leuan
*** Palladius: люань (ljuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ly̯ɛn²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, literary variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: luǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: luǎn
*** Wade–Giles: luan$^3$
*** Yale: lwǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: loan
*** Palladius: луань (luanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯än²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lyun$^5$ / lyun$^2$
*** Yale: lyúhn / lyún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lyn$^5$ / lyn$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lün$^5$ / lün$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /lyːn¹³/, /lyːn³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: ljwenX, ljwenH
Rime :
| Character | 孌 | 孌 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (78) | 仙 (78) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 力兖切 | 力卷切 |
| Baxter | ljwenX | ljwenH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liuᴇn$^X$/ | /liuᴇn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lʷiɛn$^X$/ | /lʷiɛn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljuæn$^X$/ | /ljuæn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lwian$^X$/ | /lwian$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /liuɛn$^X$/ | /liuɛn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭwɛn$^X$/ | /lĭwɛn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /li̯wɛn$^X$/ | /li̯wɛn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | luǎn | luàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lyun$^5$ | lyun$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]onʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*b·ronʔ/, /*b·rons/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 孌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | liàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljwen$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]onʔ/ |
| English | beautiful |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 孌 | 孌 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 8631 | 8633 |
| Phonetic component |  |  |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 臠 | 戀 |
| Old Chinese | /*b·ronʔ/ | /*b·rons/ |
| Notes | | 說文慕也後作戀 |

### Definitions

孌
* (literary) lovely; beautiful
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Yī jiē luán xī, qīngyáng wǎn xī. [Pinyin]
    Alas for him, so beautiful! His bright eyes and high forehead, how lovely!
* (literary) docile; obedient

#### Compounds

* 婉孌／婉娈
* 孌童／娈童 (luántóng)
* 蕃孌／蕃娈

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00729
* “孌”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ばん (ban)、まん (man)
* Kan-on: れん (ren)、らん (ran)
* Kun: したう (shitau, 孌)、すなお (sunao, 孌)、みめよい (mimeyoi, 孌い)

## Korean
### Hanja

孌 (eum 련 (ryeon))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

孌: Hán Nôm readings: luyến
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation