# 買春
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mǎichūn
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄞˇ ㄔㄨㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maai$^5$ ceon$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bé-chhun / bóe-chhun
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǎichūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄞˇ ㄔㄨㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǎichun
*** Wade–Giles: mai$^3$-chʻun$^1$
*** Yale: mǎi-chwūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maechuen
*** Palladius: майчунь (majčunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /maɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maai$^5$ ceon$^1$
*** Yale: máaih chēun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maai$^5$ tsoen$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mai$^5$ cên$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːi̯¹³ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bé-chhun / bóe-chhun
*** Tâi-lô: bé-tshun / bué-tshun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: befzhwn, boefzhwn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/, /bue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰun³³/, /bue⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰun³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/, /bue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/, /bue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/, /bue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: meaX tsyhwin
Rime :
| Character | 買 | 春 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 佳 (31) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 莫蟹切 | 昌脣切 |
| Baxter | meaX | tsyhwin |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠɛ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰiuɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚæ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰʷin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mæi$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰjuen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maɨj$^X$/ | /cʰwin/ |
| Li Rong | /mɛ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰiuĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /mai$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mai$^X$/ | /t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǎi | chūn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | maai$^5$ | ceon$^1$ |

### Verb

買春
* to buy wine
* to get scenes of springtime
* to visit a prostitute

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 買 | 春 |
| ばい Grade: 2 | しゅん Grade: 2 |
| kan'on | on'yomi |
Probably ultimately from Middle Chinese 買春 (MC meaX tsyhwin, literally “buy + springtime”).
Date of first use in Japanese is uncertain.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ばいしゅん [bàíshúń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ba̠iɕɨ̃ɴ]

#### Noun

買(ばい)春(しゅん) • (baishun)
* buying of sex, a visit to a prostitute

#### Verb

買(ばい)春(しゅん)する • (baishun suru) suru (stem 買(ばい)春(しゅん)し (baishun shi), past 買(ばい)春(しゅん)した (baishun shita))
* to buy sex, to visit a prostitute

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 買春し | ばいしゅんし | baishun shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 買春し | ばいしゅんし | baishun shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 買春する | ばいしゅんする | baishun suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 買春する | ばいしゅんする | baishun suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 買春すれ | ばいしゅんすれ | baishun sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 買春せよ¹ 買春しろ² | ばいしゅんせよ¹ ばいしゅんしろ² | baishun seyo¹ baishun shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 買春される | ばいしゅんされる | baishun sareru |
| Causative | 買春させる 買春さす | ばいしゅんさせる ばいしゅんさす | baishun saseru baishun sasu |
| Potential | 買春できる | ばいしゅんできる | baishun dekiru |
| Volitional | 買春しよう | ばいしゅんしよう | baishun shiyō |
| Negative | 買春しない | ばいしゅんしない | baishun shinai |
| Negative continuative | 買春せず | ばいしゅんせず | baishun sezu |
| Formal | 買春します | ばいしゅんします | baishun shimasu |
| Perfective | 買春した | ばいしゅんした | baishun shita |
| Conjunctive | 買春して | ばいしゅんして | baishun shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 買春すれば | ばいしゅんすれば | baishun sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 買 | 春 |
| か(い) Grade: 2 | しゅん Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi | on'yomi |
Phonological re-analysis of 買春(ばいしゅん) (baishun), replacing the on'yomi reading of bai with the kun'yomi reading of kai to avoid ambiguity with 売春 (baishun, “prostitution, the selling of sex”).
Date of first use is uncertain, but it would be before the inclusion of this term in the 1999 law 児童買春処罰法 (Jidō Kaishun Shobatsu Hō, “Act on Punishment of Activities Relating to Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and the Protection of Children”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠iɕɨ̃ɴ]

#### Noun

買春(かいしゅん) • (kaishun)
* buying of sex

#### Verb

買春(かいしゅん)する • (kaishun suru) suru (stem 買春(かいしゅん)し (kaishun shi), past 買春(かいしゅん)した (kaishun shita))
* to buy sex

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 買春し | かいしゅんし | kaishun shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 買春し | かいしゅんし | kaishun shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 買春する | かいしゅんする | kaishun suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 買春する | かいしゅんする | kaishun suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 買春すれ | かいしゅんすれ | kaishun sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 買春せよ¹ 買春しろ² | かいしゅんせよ¹ かいしゅんしろ² | kaishun seyo¹ kaishun shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 買春される | かいしゅんされる | kaishun sareru |
| Causative | 買春させる 買春さす | かいしゅんさせる かいしゅんさす | kaishun saseru kaishun sasu |
| Potential | 買春できる | かいしゅんできる | kaishun dekiru |
| Volitional | 買春しよう | かいしゅんしよう | kaishun shiyō |
| Negative | 買春しない | かいしゅんしない | kaishun shinai |
| Negative continuative | 買春せず | かいしゅんせず | kaishun sezu |
| Formal | 買春します | かいしゅんします | kaishun shimasu |
| Perfective | 買春した | かいしゅんした | kaishun shita |
| Conjunctive | 買春して | かいしゅんして | kaishun shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 買春すれば | かいしゅんすれば | kaishun sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Usage notes

かいしゅん (kaishun) is the more common reading for 買春(ばいしゅん) (baishun) to distinguish this from homophonic 売春(ばいしゅん) (baishun, “prostitution”).

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 “買春”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 買 | 春 |

### Noun

買春 • (maechun) (hangeul 매춘)
* hanja form of 매춘