# qhwakela
## Zulu
### Etymology

From -qhwaka +‎ -ela.

### Verb

-qhwakela
* (intransitive) to sit, to be seated

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuqhwakela |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqhwakela | ukungaqhwakeli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qhwakela | -qhwakele |
| Plural | qhwakelani | -qhwakeleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqhwakela, ngiqhwakela | engiqhwakelayo, engiqhwakela | ngiqhwakela | angiqhwakeli | engingaqhwakeli | ngingaqhwakeli |
| 2nd singular | uyaqhwakela, uqhwakela | oqhwakelayo, oqhwakela | uqhwakela | awuqhwakeli | ongaqhwakeli | ungaqhwakeli |
| 1st plural | siyaqhwakela, siqhwakela | esiqhwakelayo, esiqhwakela | siqhwakela | asiqhwakeli | esingaqhwakeli | singaqhwakeli |
| 2nd plural | niyaqhwakela, niqhwakela | eniqhwakelayo, eniqhwakela | niqhwakela | aniqhwakeli | eningaqhwakeli | ningaqhwakeli |
| Class 1 | uyaqhwakela, uqhwakela | oqhwakelayo, oqhwakela | eqhwakela | akaqhwakeli | ongaqhwakeli | engaqhwakeli |
| Class 2 | bayaqhwakela, baqhwakela | abaqhwakelayo, abaqhwakela | beqhwakela | abaqhwakeli | abangaqhwakeli | bengaqhwakeli |
| Class 3 | uyaqhwakela, uqhwakela | oqhwakelayo, oqhwakela | uqhwakela | awuqhwakeli | ongaqhwakeli | ungaqhwakeli |
| Class 4 | iyaqhwakela, iqhwakela | eqhwakelayo, eqhwakela | iqhwakela | ayiqhwakeli | engaqhwakeli | ingaqhwakeli |
| Class 5 | liyaqhwakela, liqhwakela | eliqhwakelayo, eliqhwakela | liqhwakela | aliqhwakeli | elingaqhwakeli | lingaqhwakeli |
| Class 6 | ayaqhwakela, aqhwakela | aqhwakelayo, aqhwakela | eqhwakela | awaqhwakeli | angaqhwakeli | engaqhwakeli |
| Class 7 | siyaqhwakela, siqhwakela | esiqhwakelayo, esiqhwakela | siqhwakela | asiqhwakeli | esingaqhwakeli | singaqhwakeli |
| Class 8 | ziyaqhwakela, ziqhwakela | eziqhwakelayo, eziqhwakela | ziqhwakela | aziqhwakeli | ezingaqhwakeli | zingaqhwakeli |
| Class 9 | iyaqhwakela, iqhwakela | eqhwakelayo, eqhwakela | iqhwakela | ayiqhwakeli | engaqhwakeli | ingaqhwakeli |
| Class 10 | ziyaqhwakela, ziqhwakela | eziqhwakelayo, eziqhwakela | ziqhwakela | aziqhwakeli | ezingaqhwakeli | zingaqhwakeli |
| Class 11 | luyaqhwakela, luqhwakela | oluqhwakelayo, oluqhwakela | luqhwakela | aluqhwakeli | olungaqhwakeli | lungaqhwakeli |
| Class 14 | buyaqhwakela, buqhwakela | obuqhwakelayo, obuqhwakela | buqhwakela | abuqhwakeli | obungaqhwakeli | bungaqhwakeli |
| Class 15 | kuyaqhwakela, kuqhwakela | okuqhwakelayo, okuqhwakela | kuqhwakela | akuqhwakeli | okungaqhwakeli | kungaqhwakeli |
| Class 17 | kuyaqhwakela, kuqhwakela | okuqhwakelayo, okuqhwakela | kuqhwakela | akuqhwakeli | okungaqhwakeli | kungaqhwakeli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqhwakelile, ngiqhwakelē | engiqhwakelile, engiqhwakelē | ngiqhwakelile, ngiqhwakelē | angiqhwakelanga | engingaqhwakelanga | ngingaqhwakelanga |
| 2nd singular | uqhwakelile, uqhwakelē | oqhwakelile, oqhwakelē | uqhwakelile, uqhwakelē | awuqhwakelanga | ongaqhwakelanga | ungaqhwakelanga |
| 1st plural | siqhwakelile, siqhwakelē | esiqhwakelile, esiqhwakelē | siqhwakelile, siqhwakelē | asiqhwakelanga | esingaqhwakelanga | singaqhwakelanga |
| 2nd plural | niqhwakelile, niqhwakelē | eniqhwakelile, eniqhwakelē | niqhwakelile, niqhwakelē | aniqhwakelanga | eningaqhwakelanga | ningaqhwakelanga |
| Class 1 | uqhwakelile, uqhwakelē | oqhwakelile, oqhwakelē | eqhwakelile, eqhwakelē | akaqhwakelanga | ongaqhwakelanga | engaqhwakelanga |
| Class 2 | baqhwakelile, baqhwakelē | abaqhwakelile, abaqhwakelē | beqhwakelile, beqhwakelē | abaqhwakelanga | abangaqhwakelanga | bengaqhwakelanga |
| Class 3 | uqhwakelile, uqhwakelē | oqhwakelile, oqhwakelē | uqhwakelile, uqhwakelē | awuqhwakelanga | ongaqhwakelanga | ungaqhwakelanga |
| Class 4 | iqhwakelile, iqhwakelē | eqhwakelile, eqhwakelē | iqhwakelile, iqhwakelē | ayiqhwakelanga | engaqhwakelanga | ingaqhwakelanga |
| Class 5 | liqhwakelile, liqhwakelē | eliqhwakelile, eliqhwakelē | liqhwakelile, liqhwakelē | aliqhwakelanga | elingaqhwakelanga | lingaqhwakelanga |
| Class 6 | aqhwakelile, aqhwakelē | aqhwakelile, aqhwakelē | eqhwakelile, eqhwakelē | awaqhwakelanga | angaqhwakelanga | engaqhwakelanga |
| Class 7 | siqhwakelile, siqhwakelē | esiqhwakelile, esiqhwakelē | siqhwakelile, siqhwakelē | asiqhwakelanga | esingaqhwakelanga | singaqhwakelanga |
| Class 8 | ziqhwakelile, ziqhwakelē | eziqhwakelile, eziqhwakelē | ziqhwakelile, ziqhwakelē | aziqhwakelanga | ezingaqhwakelanga | zingaqhwakelanga |
| Class 9 | iqhwakelile, iqhwakelē | eqhwakelile, eqhwakelē | iqhwakelile, iqhwakelē | ayiqhwakelanga | engaqhwakelanga | ingaqhwakelanga |
| Class 10 | ziqhwakelile, ziqhwakelē | eziqhwakelile, eziqhwakelē | ziqhwakelile, ziqhwakelē | aziqhwakelanga | ezingaqhwakelanga | zingaqhwakelanga |
| Class 11 | luqhwakelile, luqhwakelē | oluqhwakelile, oluqhwakelē | luqhwakelile, luqhwakelē | aluqhwakelanga | olungaqhwakelanga | lungaqhwakelanga |
| Class 14 | buqhwakelile, buqhwakelē | obuqhwakelile, obuqhwakelē | buqhwakelile, buqhwakelē | abuqhwakelanga | obungaqhwakelanga | bungaqhwakelanga |
| Class 15 | kuqhwakelile, kuqhwakelē | okuqhwakelile, okuqhwakelē | kuqhwakelile, kuqhwakelē | akuqhwakelanga | okungaqhwakelanga | kungaqhwakelanga |
| Class 17 | kuqhwakelile, kuqhwakelē | okuqhwakelile, okuqhwakelē | kuqhwakelile, kuqhwakelē | akuqhwakelanga | okungaqhwakelanga | kungaqhwakelanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqhwakela | engāqhwakela | ngāqhwakela | angiqhwakelanga | engingaqhwakelanga | ngingaqhwakelanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqhwakela | owāqhwakela | wāqhwakela | awuqhwakelanga | ongaqhwakelanga | ungaqhwakelanga |
| 1st plural | sāqhwakela | esāqhwakela | sāqhwakela | asiqhwakelanga | esingaqhwakelanga | singaqhwakelanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqhwakela | enāqhwakela | nāqhwakela | aniqhwakelanga | eningaqhwakelanga | ningaqhwakelanga |
| Class 1 | wāqhwakela | owāqhwakela | āqhwakela | akaqhwakelanga | ongaqhwakelanga | engaqhwakelanga |
| Class 2 | bāqhwakela | abāqhwakela | bāqhwakela | abaqhwakelanga | abangaqhwakelanga | bengaqhwakelanga |
| Class 3 | wāqhwakela | owāqhwakela | wāqhwakela | awuqhwakelanga | ongaqhwakelanga | ungaqhwakelanga |
| Class 4 | yāqhwakela | eyāqhwakela | yāqhwakela | ayiqhwakelanga | engaqhwakelanga | ingaqhwakelanga |
| Class 5 | lāqhwakela | elāqhwakela | lāqhwakela | aliqhwakelanga | elingaqhwakelanga | lingaqhwakelanga |
| Class 6 | āqhwakela | āqhwakela | āqhwakela | awaqhwakelanga | angaqhwakelanga | engaqhwakelanga |
| Class 7 | sāqhwakela | esāqhwakela | sāqhwakela | asiqhwakelanga | esingaqhwakelanga | singaqhwakelanga |
| Class 8 | zāqhwakela | ezāqhwakela | zāqhwakela | aziqhwakelanga | ezingaqhwakelanga | zingaqhwakelanga |
| Class 9 | yāqhwakela | eyāqhwakela | yāqhwakela | ayiqhwakelanga | engaqhwakelanga | ingaqhwakelanga |
| Class 10 | zāqhwakela | ezāqhwakela | zāqhwakela | aziqhwakelanga | ezingaqhwakelanga | zingaqhwakelanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqhwakela | olwāqhwakela | lwāqhwakela | aluqhwakelanga | olungaqhwakelanga | lungaqhwakelanga |
| Class 14 | bāqhwakela | obāqhwakela | bāqhwakela | abuqhwakelanga | obungaqhwakelanga | bungaqhwakelanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqhwakela | okwāqhwakela | kwāqhwakela | akuqhwakelanga | okungaqhwakelanga | kungaqhwakelanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqhwakela | okwāqhwakela | kwāqhwakela | akuqhwakelanga | okungaqhwakelanga | kungaqhwakelanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqhwakela | — | ngingaqhwakela | ngingeqhwakele | — | ngingeqhwakele |
| 2nd singular | ungaqhwakela | — | ungaqhwakela | ungeqhwakele | — | ungeqhwakele |
| 1st plural | singaqhwakela | — | singaqhwakela | singeqhwakele | — | singeqhwakele |
| 2nd plural | ningaqhwakela | — | ningaqhwakela | ningeqhwakele | — | ningeqhwakele |
| Class 1 | angaqhwakela | — | engaqhwakela | angeqhwakele | — | engeqhwakele |
| Class 2 | bangaqhwakela | — | bengaqhwakela | bangeqhwakele | — | bengeqhwakele |
| Class 3 | ungaqhwakela | — | ungaqhwakela | ungeqhwakele | — | ungeqhwakele |
| Class 4 | ingaqhwakela | — | ingaqhwakela | ingeqhwakele | — | ingeqhwakele |
| Class 5 | lingaqhwakela | — | lingaqhwakela | lingeqhwakele | — | lingeqhwakele |
| Class 6 | angaqhwakela | — | engaqhwakela | angeqhwakele | — | engeqhwakele |
| Class 7 | singaqhwakela | — | singaqhwakela | singeqhwakele | — | singeqhwakele |
| Class 8 | zingaqhwakela | — | zingaqhwakela | zingeqhwakele | — | zingeqhwakele |
| Class 9 | ingaqhwakela | — | ingaqhwakela | ingeqhwakele | — | ingeqhwakele |
| Class 10 | zingaqhwakela | — | zingaqhwakela | zingeqhwakele | — | zingeqhwakele |
| Class 11 | lungaqhwakela | — | lungaqhwakela | lungeqhwakele | — | lungeqhwakele |
| Class 14 | bungaqhwakela | — | bungaqhwakela | bungeqhwakele | — | bungeqhwakele |
| Class 15 | kungaqhwakela | — | kungaqhwakela | kungeqhwakele | — | kungeqhwakele |
| Class 17 | kungaqhwakela | — | kungaqhwakela | kungeqhwakele | — | kungeqhwakele |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqhwakela | engizoqhwakela | ngizoqhwakela | angizuqhwakela | engingezuqhwakela | ngingezuqhwakela |
| 2nd singular | uzoqhwakela | ozoqhwakela | uzoqhwakela | awuzuqhwakela | ongezuqhwakela | ungezuqhwakela |
| 1st plural | sizoqhwakela | esizoqhwakela | sizoqhwakela | asizuqhwakela | esingezuqhwakela | singezuqhwakela |
| 2nd plural | nizoqhwakela | enizoqhwakela | nizoqhwakela | anizuqhwakela | eningezuqhwakela | ningezuqhwakela |
| Class 1 | uzoqhwakela | ozoqhwakela | ezoqhwakela | akazuqhwakela | ongezuqhwakela | engezuqhwakela |
| Class 2 | bazoqhwakela | abazoqhwakela | bezoqhwakela | abazuqhwakela | abangezuqhwakela | bengezuqhwakela |
| Class 3 | uzoqhwakela | ozoqhwakela | uzoqhwakela | awuzuqhwakela | ongezuqhwakela | ungezuqhwakela |
| Class 4 | izoqhwakela | ezoqhwakela | izoqhwakela | ayizuqhwakela | engezuqhwakela | ingezuqhwakela |
| Class 5 | lizoqhwakela | elizoqhwakela | lizoqhwakela | alizuqhwakela | elingezuqhwakela | lingezuqhwakela |
| Class 6 | azoqhwakela | azoqhwakela | ezoqhwakela | awazuqhwakela | angezuqhwakela | engezuqhwakela |
| Class 7 | sizoqhwakela | esizoqhwakela | sizoqhwakela | asizuqhwakela | esingezuqhwakela | singezuqhwakela |
| Class 8 | zizoqhwakela | ezizoqhwakela | zizoqhwakela | azizuqhwakela | ezingezuqhwakela | zingezuqhwakela |
| Class 9 | izoqhwakela | ezoqhwakela | izoqhwakela | ayizuqhwakela | engezuqhwakela | ingezuqhwakela |
| Class 10 | zizoqhwakela | ezizoqhwakela | zizoqhwakela | azizuqhwakela | ezingezuqhwakela | zingezuqhwakela |
| Class 11 | luzoqhwakela | oluzoqhwakela | luzoqhwakela | aluzuqhwakela | olungezuqhwakela | lungezuqhwakela |
| Class 14 | buzoqhwakela | obuzoqhwakela | buzoqhwakela | abuzuqhwakela | obungezuqhwakela | bungezuqhwakela |
| Class 15 | kuzoqhwakela | okuzoqhwakela | kuzoqhwakela | akuzuqhwakela | okungezuqhwakela | kungezuqhwakela |
| Class 17 | kuzoqhwakela | okuzoqhwakela | kuzoqhwakela | akuzuqhwakela | okungezuqhwakela | kungezuqhwakela |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqhwakela | engiyoqhwakela | ngiyoqhwakela | angiyuqhwakela | engingeyuqhwakela | ngingeyuqhwakela |
| 2nd singular | uyoqhwakela | oyoqhwakela | uyoqhwakela | awuyuqhwakela | ongeyuqhwakela | ungeyuqhwakela |
| 1st plural | siyoqhwakela | esiyoqhwakela | siyoqhwakela | asiyuqhwakela | esingeyuqhwakela | singeyuqhwakela |
| 2nd plural | niyoqhwakela | eniyoqhwakela | niyoqhwakela | aniyuqhwakela | eningeyuqhwakela | ningeyuqhwakela |
| Class 1 | uyoqhwakela | oyoqhwakela | eyoqhwakela | akayuqhwakela | ongeyuqhwakela | engeyuqhwakela |
| Class 2 | bayoqhwakela | abayoqhwakela | beyoqhwakela | abayuqhwakela | abangeyuqhwakela | bengeyuqhwakela |
| Class 3 | uyoqhwakela | oyoqhwakela | uyoqhwakela | awuyuqhwakela | ongeyuqhwakela | ungeyuqhwakela |
| Class 4 | iyoqhwakela | eyoqhwakela | iyoqhwakela | ayiyuqhwakela | engeyuqhwakela | ingeyuqhwakela |
| Class 5 | liyoqhwakela | eliyoqhwakela | liyoqhwakela | aliyuqhwakela | elingeyuqhwakela | lingeyuqhwakela |
| Class 6 | ayoqhwakela | ayoqhwakela | eyoqhwakela | awayuqhwakela | angeyuqhwakela | engeyuqhwakela |
| Class 7 | siyoqhwakela | esiyoqhwakela | siyoqhwakela | asiyuqhwakela | esingeyuqhwakela | singeyuqhwakela |
| Class 8 | ziyoqhwakela | eziyoqhwakela | ziyoqhwakela | aziyuqhwakela | ezingeyuqhwakela | zingeyuqhwakela |
| Class 9 | iyoqhwakela | eyoqhwakela | iyoqhwakela | ayiyuqhwakela | engeyuqhwakela | ingeyuqhwakela |
| Class 10 | ziyoqhwakela | eziyoqhwakela | ziyoqhwakela | aziyuqhwakela | ezingeyuqhwakela | zingeyuqhwakela |
| Class 11 | luyoqhwakela | oluyoqhwakela | luyoqhwakela | aluyuqhwakela | olungeyuqhwakela | lungeyuqhwakela |
| Class 14 | buyoqhwakela | obuyoqhwakela | buyoqhwakela | abuyuqhwakela | obungeyuqhwakela | bungeyuqhwakela |
| Class 15 | kuyoqhwakela | okuyoqhwakela | kuyoqhwakela | akuyuqhwakela | okungeyuqhwakela | kungeyuqhwakela |
| Class 17 | kuyoqhwakela | okuyoqhwakela | kuyoqhwakela | akuyuqhwakela | okungeyuqhwakela | kungeyuqhwakela |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqhwakele | ngingaqhwakeli |
| 2nd singular | uqhwakele | ungaqhwakeli |
| 1st plural | siqhwakele | singaqhwakeli |
| 2nd plural | niqhwakele | ningaqhwakeli |
| Class 1 | aqhwakele | angaqhwakeli |
| Class 2 | baqhwakele | bangaqhwakeli |
| Class 3 | uqhwakele | ungaqhwakeli |
| Class 4 | iqhwakele | ingaqhwakeli |
| Class 5 | liqhwakele | lingaqhwakeli |
| Class 6 | aqhwakele | angaqhwakeli |
| Class 7 | siqhwakele | singaqhwakeli |
| Class 8 | ziqhwakele | zingaqhwakeli |
| Class 9 | iqhwakele | ingaqhwakeli |
| Class 10 | ziqhwakele | zingaqhwakeli |
| Class 11 | luqhwakele | lungaqhwakeli |
| Class 14 | buqhwakele | bungaqhwakeli |
| Class 15 | kuqhwakele | kungaqhwakeli |
| Class 17 | kuqhwakele | kungaqhwakeli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqhwakela | ngangaqhwakela, angaqhwakela, angangaqhwakela |
| 2nd singular | waqhwakela | wangaqhwakela, awaqhwakela, awangaqhwakela |
| 1st plural | saqhwakela | sangaqhwakela, asaqhwakela, asangaqhwakela |
| 2nd plural | naqhwakela | nangaqhwakela, anaqhwakela, anangaqhwakela |
| Class 1 | waqhwakela | wangaqhwakela, akaqhwakela, akangaqhwakela |
| Class 2 | baqhwakela | bangaqhwakela, abaqhwakela, abangaqhwakela |
| Class 3 | waqhwakela | wangaqhwakela, awaqhwakela, awangaqhwakela |
| Class 4 | yaqhwakela | yangaqhwakela, ayaqhwakela, ayangaqhwakela |
| Class 5 | laqhwakela | langaqhwakela, alaqhwakela, alangaqhwakela |
| Class 6 | aqhwakela | angaqhwakela, awaqhwakela, awangaqhwakela |
| Class 7 | saqhwakela | sangaqhwakela, asaqhwakela, asangaqhwakela |
| Class 8 | zaqhwakela | zangaqhwakela, azaqhwakela, azangaqhwakela |
| Class 9 | yaqhwakela | yangaqhwakela, ayaqhwakela, ayangaqhwakela |
| Class 10 | zaqhwakela | zangaqhwakela, azaqhwakela, azangaqhwakela |
| Class 11 | lwaqhwakela | lwangaqhwakela, alwaqhwakela, alwangaqhwakela |
| Class 14 | baqhwakela | bangaqhwakela, abaqhwakela, abangaqhwakela |
| Class 15 | kwaqhwakela | kwangaqhwakela, akwaqhwakela, akwangaqhwakela |
| Class 17 | kwaqhwakela | kwangaqhwakela, akwaqhwakela, akwangaqhwakela |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhwakela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhwakela (3.2.9)”