# ἐπικαλέω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) +‎ καλέω (kaléō, “to call”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /e.pi.ka.lé.ɔː/ → /e.pi.kaˈle.o/ → /e.pi.kaˈle.o/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /e.pi.ka.lé.ɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /e.pi.kaˈle.o/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /e.pi.kaˈle.o/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /e.pi.kaˈle.o/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /e.pi.kaˈle.o/

### Verb

ἐπῐκᾰλέω • (epikaléō)
* to call upon a god, invoke
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.39
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.8
** 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 1280
** New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 7:59
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.199
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.65
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.87
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.55
** to invite
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 7.187
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.187
** (middle voice) to call in as a helper or ally
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.64
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.101
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.87
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.59
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.63
** to call in as witness
*** 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Against the Stepmother for Poisoning 30
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 664C
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.55
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.62
** (middle voice) to call before one, summon
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.39
** (middle voice) to challenge
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.1
* (passive voice) to be called by a surname, be nicknamed
** 346 CE – c. 414 CE, Eunapius, Lives of the Sophists 454B
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.44
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.4.2
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.31
** 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Deuteronomy 28.10
** 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 48.16
* to bring as an accusation against
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.139
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.133
** 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Panathenaicus 9
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.27
** 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Second Tetralogy 1.1
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.36
** 155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Collected Works 37.6
** 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 663
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 657B
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.118
** (with dative of person) to quarrel, dispute with
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 766E

#### Derived terms

* ἐπίκλησις (epíklēsis)

### Further reading

* “ἐπικαλέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἐπικαλέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ἐπικαλέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* G1941 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible