# 燎

| 燎 | U+71CE, &#29134; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71CE |
| ← 燍 [U+71CD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 燏 → [U+71CF] |
| 燎 | U+F9C0, &#63936; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C0 |
| ← 樂 [U+F9BF] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 療 → [U+F9C1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

燎 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火大金火 (FKCF), four-corner 9489$_6$, composition ⿰火尞)
* to burn, set afire
* to illuminate
* signal lamp

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 683, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19414
* Dae Jaweon: page 1095, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2233, character 3
* Unihan data for U+71CE
* Unihan data for U+F9C0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 簝 | *reːw, *reːw |
| 潦 | *reːwʔ, *reːws |
| 獠 | *reːwʔ, *ʔr'eːwʔ, *reːw |
| 轑 | *reːwʔ |
| 橑 | *reːwʔ, *reːw |
| 燎 | *rew, *rewʔ, *rews |
| 繚 | *rewʔ, *reːw, *reːwʔ |
| 璙 | *rewʔ, *reːw, *reːws |
| 憭 | *rewʔ, *reːw, *reːwʔ |
| 爒 | *rewʔ, *reːwʔ |
| 僚 | *rewʔ, *reːw |
| 嫽 | *rewʔ, *reːw, *reːws |
| 療 | *rews |
| 膫 | *rews, *reːw |
| 鷯 | *rews, *reːw |
| 遼 | *reːw |
| 撩 | *reːw, *reːwʔ |
| 嘹 | *reːw, *reːw, *reːws |
| 寮 | *reːw |
| 飉 | *reːw |
| 竂 | *reːw |
| 鐐 | *reːw, *reːws |
| 蟟 | *reːw |
| 瞭 | *reːw, *reːwʔ |
| 嶚 | *reːw |
| 镽 | *reːwʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rew, *rewʔ, *rews) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 尞.

### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k/ʔ-r(ə/a)w (“to fry, roast, cook”). Cognate with 烄 (OC *keːws, *kreːwʔ, “to burn on a pyre; to pan-fry, saute”), Burmese ကြော် (krau, “to fry”) (STEDT #5862).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liáo, liào (liao$^2$, liao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄠˊ, ㄌㄧㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): liu$^4$ / liu$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liâu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): liao$^5$ / liou$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liáo
*** Wade–Giles: liao$^2$
*** Yale: lyáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liau
*** Palladius: ляо (ljao)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liào
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liào
*** Wade–Giles: liao$^4$
*** Yale: lyàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liaw
*** Palladius: ляо (ljao)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: liu$^4$ / liu$^6$
*** Yale: lìuh / liuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: liu$^4$ / liu$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: liu$^4$ / liu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːu̯²¹/, /liːu̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâu
*** Tâi-lô: liâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liaau
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liau¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /liau²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: liao$^5$ / liou$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liâu / liôu
*** Sinological IPA : /liau⁵⁵/, /liou⁵⁵/
* liao5 - Shantou;
* liou5 - Chaozhou.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit燎 (燎原) | edit燎 (火燎眉毛) |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /liau³⁵/ | /liau²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /liau²⁴/ | /liau²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /liɑu⁴⁵/ | /liɑu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /liɔ⁴²/ | /liɔ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /liɔ⁴²/ | /liɔ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /liau⁴²/ | /liau⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /liau²⁴/ | /liau⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /liɔ²⁴/ | /liɔ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /liɔ⁵³/ | /liɔ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /liɔ⁵³/ | /liɔ⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /liɔ⁵¹/ | /liɔ/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /niau²¹³/ | /niau²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /niau³¹/ | /niau³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /niao²¹/ | /niao²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /liɔ³¹/ | /liɔ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /liɔo²⁴/ | /liɔo²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /liɔ⁵⁵/ | /liɔ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /liau¹¹/ | /liau⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /liɔ¹³/ | |
| Jin | Hohhot | /liɔ³¹/ | /liɔ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /liɔ²³/ | /liɔ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /liæ¹³/ | |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /liɔ²¹³/ | /liɔ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /liɛ³¹/ | /liɛ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /liɔ⁴⁴/ | /liɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /liu⁴⁴/ | /liu³¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /liau¹³/ | /liau¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /niaɯ¹²/ | /niaɯ¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /liau¹¹/ | /liau¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /liɑu¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /liu²¹/ | /liu²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /liu²¹/ | /liu²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /liu²¹/ | /liu²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liau³⁵/ | /liau⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /lieu⁵³/ | |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /liau²¹/ | /liau⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /liau⁵⁵/ | /liau³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /liau³¹/ | /liau³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: ljew, ljewH
Rime :
| Character | 燎 | 燎 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 力昭切 | 力照切 |
| Baxter | ljew | ljewH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇu/ | /liᴇu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛu/ | /liɛu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljæu/ | /ljæu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liaw/ | /liaw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /liɛu/ | /liɛu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭɛu/ | /lĭɛu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /li̯ɛu/ | /li̯ɛu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liáo | liào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | liu$^4$ | liu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rew/, /*rews/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 燎 | 燎 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 8078 | 8087 |
| Phonetic component | 尞 | 尞 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 燎 | 𤊽 |
| Old Chinese | /*rew/ | /*rews/ |

#### Definitions

燎
* torch
* (alt. form 潦) to burn; to scald
* (historical) offering involving burning wood

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liǎo (liao$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄠˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liǎo
*** Wade–Giles: liao$^3$
*** Yale: lyǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leau
*** Palladius: ляо (ljao)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit燎 (燎原) | edit燎 (火燎眉毛) |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /liau³⁵/ | /liau²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /liau²⁴/ | /liau²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /liɑu⁴⁵/ | /liɑu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /liɔ⁴²/ | /liɔ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /liɔ⁴²/ | /liɔ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /liau⁴²/ | /liau⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /liau²⁴/ | /liau⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /liɔ²⁴/ | /liɔ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /liɔ⁵³/ | /liɔ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /liɔ⁵³/ | /liɔ⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /liɔ⁵¹/ | /liɔ/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /niau²¹³/ | /niau²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /niau³¹/ | /niau³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /niao²¹/ | /niao²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /liɔ³¹/ | /liɔ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /liɔo²⁴/ | /liɔo²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /liɔ⁵⁵/ | /liɔ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /liau¹¹/ | /liau⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /liɔ¹³/ | |
| Jin | Hohhot | /liɔ³¹/ | /liɔ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /liɔ²³/ | /liɔ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /liæ¹³/ | |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /liɔ²¹³/ | /liɔ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /liɛ³¹/ | /liɛ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /liɔ⁴⁴/ | /liɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /liu⁴⁴/ | /liu³¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /liau¹³/ | /liau¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /niaɯ¹²/ | /niaɯ¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /liau¹¹/ | /liau¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /liɑu¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /liu²¹/ | /liu²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /liu²¹/ | /liu²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /liu²¹/ | /liu²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liau³⁵/ | /liau⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /lieu⁵³/ | |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /liau²¹/ | /liau⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /liau⁵⁵/ | /liau³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /liau³¹/ | /liau³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: ljewX
Rime :
| Character | 燎 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力小切 |
| Baxter | ljewX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljæu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liaw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /liɛu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭɛu$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /li̯ɛu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | liu$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rewʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 燎 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 8079 |
| Phonetic component | 尞 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 繚 |
| Old Chinese | /*rewʔ/ |
| Notes | 尞之轉註字 |

#### Definitions

燎
* to burn weeds
* to singe; to scorch; to set on fire
* (alt. form 爒) to roast

### Compounds

* 如火燎原
* 庭燎
* 心急火燎
* 星星之火，可以燎原 (xīngxīng zhī huǒ, kěyǐ liáoyuán)
* 星火燎原 (xīnghuǒliáoyuán)
* 死灰復燎／死灰复燎
* 洪爐燎髮／洪炉燎发 (hónglúliáofà)
* 火燎
* 火燒火燎／火烧火燎
* 火燎腿
* 煙熏火燎
* 熒燎／荧燎
* 燎原
* 燎原之火
* 燎星
* 燎朗
* 燎毛
* 燎泡 (liáopào)
* 燎漿／燎浆
* 燎漿泡／燎浆泡
* 燎火
* 燎灼
* 燎燎
* 燔燎
* 燎髮／燎发
* 破壁燎火
* 縱風止燎／纵风止燎

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* bonfire
* burn

#### Readings

* Go-on: りょう (ryō)
* Kan-on: りょう (ryō)
* Kun: かがりび (kagaribi)

## Korean
### Hanja

燎 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

燎: Hán Nôm readings: liệu, leo, liêu, riu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
* Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999