# 緊迫
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jǐnpò
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄆㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gan$^2$ baak$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kín-piak / kín-pek
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǐnpò
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄆㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jǐnpò
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^3$-pʻo$^4$
*** Yale: jǐn-pwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiinpoh
*** Palladius: цзиньпо (czinʹpo)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gan$^2$ baak$^1$
*** Yale: gán bāak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gan$^2$ baak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gen$^2$ bag$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐn³⁵ paːk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín-piak
*** Tâi-lô: kín-piak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kynpiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ piak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín-pek
*** Tâi-lô: kín-pik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kynpeg
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ piɪk̚³²/

### Adjective

緊迫
* urgent; pressing; critical
    時間緊迫。／时间紧迫。 ― Shíjiān jǐnpò. ― Time is running out.

#### Synonyms

* 亟亟 (jíjí) (literary)
* 促迫 (cùpò)
* 倥傯／倥偬 (kǒngzǒng) (literary)
* 切切 (qièqiè) (literary)
* 加急 (jiājí) (attributive, of a telegram, test, etc.)
* 卒暴 (cùbào) (literary)
* 危迫 (wēipò) (literary)
* 吃緊／吃紧 (chījǐn)
* 孔亟 (kǒngjí)
* 孔急 (kǒngjí)
* 急 (jí)
* 急促 (jícù)
* 急切 (jíqiè)
* 急急 (jíjí) (literary)
* 急要 (jíyào) (literary)
* 急迫 (jípò)
* 打緊／打紧 (dǎjǐn)
* 火急 (huǒjí)
* 窘促 (jiǒngcù)
* 緊促／紧促 (jǐncù)
* 緊張／紧张 (jǐnzhāng)
* 緊急／紧急 (jǐnjí)
* 緊要／紧要 (jǐnyào)
* 緊逼逼／紧逼逼 (Hokkien)
* 要緊／要紧 (yàojǐn)
* 迫切 (pòqiè)
* 遑急 (huángjí) (literary)
* 險急／险急 (xiǎnjí)

#### Derived terms

* 緊迫性／紧迫性
* 緊迫感／紧迫感 (jǐnpògǎn)
* 緊迫盯人／紧迫盯人

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 緊 | 迫 |
| きん Grade: S | はく > ぱく Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きんぱく [kìńpákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲĩmpa̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

緊(きん)迫(ぱく) • (kinpaku)
* strain, tension

### Verb

緊(きん)迫(ぱく)する • (kinpaku suru) intransitive suru (stem 緊(きん)迫(ぱく)し (kinpaku shi), past 緊(きん)迫(ぱく)した (kinpaku shita))
* to be strained, tense
    緊迫(きんぱく)した会話(かいわ)
       kinpaku shita kaiwa
       tense conversation

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 緊迫し | きんぱくし | kinpaku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 緊迫し | きんぱくし | kinpaku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 緊迫する | きんぱくする | kinpaku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 緊迫する | きんぱくする | kinpaku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 緊迫すれ | きんぱくすれ | kinpaku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 緊迫せよ¹ 緊迫しろ² | きんぱくせよ¹ きんぱくしろ² | kinpaku seyo¹ kinpaku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 緊迫される | きんぱくされる | kinpaku sareru |
| Causative | 緊迫させる 緊迫さす | きんぱくさせる きんぱくさす | kinpaku saseru kinpaku sasu |
| Potential | 緊迫できる | きんぱくできる | kinpaku dekiru |
| Volitional | 緊迫しよう | きんぱくしよう | kinpaku shiyō |
| Negative | 緊迫しない | きんぱくしない | kinpaku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 緊迫せず | きんぱくせず | kinpaku sezu |
| Formal | 緊迫します | きんぱくします | kinpaku shimasu |
| Perfective | 緊迫した | きんぱくした | kinpaku shita |
| Conjunctive | 緊迫して | きんぱくして | kinpaku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 緊迫すれば | きんぱくすれば | kinpaku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 緊 | 迫 |

### Noun

緊迫 • (ginbak) (hangeul 긴박)
* hanja form of 긴박