# 供養
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōngyǎng, gòngyàng, gòngyǎng
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄧㄤˇ, ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄧㄤˋ, ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄧㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^1$ joeng$^6$ / gung$^1$ joeng$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiong-ióng / kiong-iáng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngyǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄧㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongyǎng
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-yang$^3$
*** Yale: gūng-yǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongyeang
*** Palladius: гунъян (gunʺjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gòngyàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gòngyàng
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^4$-yang$^4$
*** Yale: gùng-yàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonqyanq
*** Palladius: гунъян (gunʺjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gòngyǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄧㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gòngyǎng
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^4$-yang$^3$
*** Yale: gùng-yǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonqyeang
*** Palladius: гунъян (gunʺjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵¹ jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$ joeng$^6$ / gung$^1$ joeng$^5$
*** Yale: gūng yeuhng / gūng yéuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$ joeng$^6$ / gung$^1$ joeng$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$ yêng$^6$ / gung$^1$ yêng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²²/, /kʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong-ióng
*** Tâi-lô: kiong-ióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiong'iorng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³ iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong-iáng
*** Tâi-lô: kiong-iáng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiong'iarng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iaŋ⁵³/

#### Verb

供養
* to provide and care for one's parents or elders

##### Synonyms

* 保 (bǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
* 奉養／奉养
* 扶養／扶养 (fúyǎng)
* 撫育／抚育 (fǔyù)
* 撫養／抚养 (fǔyǎng)
* 渡子 (Hakka, to raise a child)
* 育兒／育儿 (yù'ér) (to raise a child)
* 贍養／赡养 (shànyǎng)
* 邀飼／邀饲 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 鞠養／鞠养 (jūyǎng) (literary)
* 養活／养活 (yǎnghuo) (colloquial)
* 養育／养育 (yǎngyù)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gòngyǎng, gòngyàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄧㄤˇ, ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄧㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^3$ joeng$^6$ / gung$^3$ joeng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gòngyǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄧㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gòngyǎng
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^4$-yang$^3$
*** Yale: gùng-yǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonqyeang
*** Palladius: гунъян (gunʺjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵¹ jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gòngyàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gòngyàng
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^4$-yang$^4$
*** Yale: gùng-yàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonqyanq
*** Palladius: гунъян (gunʺjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^3$ joeng$^6$ / gung$^3$ joeng$^5$
*** Yale: gung yeuhng / gung yéuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^3$ joeng$^6$ / gung$^3$ joeng$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^3$ yêng$^6$ / gung$^3$ yêng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ³³ jœːŋ²²/, /kʊŋ³³ jœːŋ¹³/

#### Verb

供養
* to give offerings to gods

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 供 | 養 |
| く Grade: 6 | よう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɯ̟jo̞ː]

### Noun

供(く)養(よう) • (kuyō)
* memorial service for the dead

#### Derived terms

* 供(く)養(よう)塔(とう) (kuyōtō)

### Verb

供(く)養(よう)する • (kuyō suru) transitive suru (stem 供(く)養(よう)し (kuyō shi), past 供(く)養(よう)した (kuyō shita))
* hold a memorial service for a deceased person

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 供養し | くようし | kuyō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 供養し | くようし | kuyō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 供養する | くようする | kuyō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 供養する | くようする | kuyō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 供養すれ | くようすれ | kuyō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 供養せよ¹ 供養しろ² | くようせよ¹ くようしろ² | kuyō seyo¹ kuyō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 供養される | くようされる | kuyō sareru |
| Causative | 供養させる 供養さす | くようさせる くようさす | kuyō saseru kuyō sasu |
| Potential | 供養できる | くようできる | kuyō dekiru |
| Volitional | 供養しよう | くようしよう | kuyō shiyō |
| Negative | 供養しない | くようしない | kuyō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 供養せず | くようせず | kuyō sezu |
| Formal | 供養します | くようします | kuyō shimasu |
| Perfective | 供養した | くようした | kuyō shita |
| Conjunctive | 供養して | くようして | kuyō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 供養すれば | くようすれば | kuyō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 供 | 養 |

### Noun

供養 • (gong'yang) (hangeul 공양)
* hanja form of 공양