# 日居月諸
## Chinese

| | | sun | modal particle | moon | modal particle |
| trad. (日居月諸) | trad. (日居月諸) | 日 | 居 | 月 | 諸 |
| simp. (日居月诸) | simp. (日居月诸) | 日 | 居 | 月 | 诸 |

### Etymology

From Shijing, Odes Of Bei, "Sun and Moon":
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Rìjīyuèzhū, zhàolín xiàtǔ. Nǎirú zhī rén xī, shì bù gǔchù. Hú néng yǒu dìng, nìng bù wǒ gù. [Pinyin]
    O sun; O moon, which enlighten this lower earth! Here is the man, who treats me not according to the ancient rule. How can he get his mind settled? Would he then not regard me?

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rì jī yuè zhū, rì jū yuè zhū
    (Zhuyin): ㄖˋ ㄐㄧ ㄩㄝˋ ㄓㄨ, ㄖˋ ㄐㄩ ㄩㄝˋ ㄓㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jat$^6$ gei$^1$ jyut$^6$ zyu$^1$ / jat$^6$ geoi$^1$ jyut$^6$ zyu$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): li̍t-ki goa̍t-chir / li̍t-ki goa̍t-chu / ji̍t-ki goa̍t-chu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rì jī yuè zhū
*** Zhuyin: ㄖˋ ㄐㄧ ㄩㄝˋ ㄓㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rìh ji yuè jhu
*** Wade–Giles: jih$^4$ chi$^1$ yüeh$^4$ chu$^1$
*** Yale: r̀ jī ywè jū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ryh ji yueh ju
*** Palladius: жи цзи юэ чжу (ži czi jue čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rì jū yuè zhū
*** Zhuyin: ㄖˋ ㄐㄩ ㄩㄝˋ ㄓㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rìh jyu yuè jhu
*** Wade–Giles: jih$^4$ chü$^1$ yüeh$^4$ chu$^1$
*** Yale: r̀ jyū ywè jū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ryh jiu yueh ju
*** Palladius: жи цзюй юэ чжу (ži czjuj jue čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jat$^6$ gei$^1$ jyut$^6$ zyu$^1$ / jat$^6$ geoi$^1$ jyut$^6$ zyu$^1$
*** Yale: yaht gēi yuht jyū / yaht gēui yuht jyū
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jat$^9$ gei$^1$ jyt$^9$ dzy$^1$ / jat$^9$ goey$^1$ jyt$^9$ dzy$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yed$^6$ géi$^1$ yud$^6$ ju$^1$ / yed$^6$ gêu$^1$ yud$^6$ ju$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐt̚² kei̯⁵⁵ jyːt̚² t͡syː⁵⁵/, /jɐt̚² kɵy̯⁵⁵ jyːt̚² t͡syː⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: li̍t-ki goa̍t-chir
*** Tâi-lô: li̍t-ki gua̍t-tsir
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lit̚²⁴⁻² ki³³ ɡuat̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɯ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: li̍t-ki goa̍t-chu
*** Tâi-lô: li̍t-ki gua̍t-tsu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lidky goadzw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lit̚⁴⁻³² ki⁴⁴ ɡuat̚⁴⁻³² t͡su⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ji̍t-ki goa̍t-chu
*** Tâi-lô: ji̍t-ki gua̍t-tsu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jidky goadzw
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ki⁴⁴ ɡuat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡su⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: nyit ki ngjwot tsyo
Rime :
| Character | 日 | 居 | 月 | 諸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 見 (28) | 疑 (31) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 質 (48) | 之 (19) | 月 (68) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 人質切 | 居之切 | 魚厥切 | 章魚切 |
| Baxter | nyit | ki | ngjwot | tsyo |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiɪt̚/ | /kɨ/ | /ŋʉɐt̚/ | /t͡ɕɨʌ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵit̚/ | /kɨ/ | /ŋʷiɐt̚/ | /t͡ɕiɔ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjet̚/ | /kie/ | /ŋiuɐt̚/ | /t͡ɕiɔ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵit̚/ | /kɨ/ | /ŋuat̚/ | /cɨə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiĕt̚/ | /kiə/ | /ŋiuɐt̚/ | /t͡ɕiɔ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭĕt̚/ | /kĭə/ | /ŋĭwɐt̚/ | /t͡ɕĭo/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ĕt̚/ | /ki/ | /ŋi̯wɐt̚/ | /t͡ɕi̯wo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rì | jī | yuè | zhū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jat$^6$ | gei$^1$ | jyut$^6$ | zyu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.nik ka [ŋ]ʷat ta/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njiɡ kɯ ŋod tjaː|tja/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 日 | 居 | 月 | 諸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rì | jū | yuè | zhū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyit › | ‹ kjo › | ‹ ngjwot › | ‹ tsyo › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.nik/ | /*ka/ | /*[ŋ]ʷat/ | /*ta/ |
| English | sun; day | final particle | moon, month | many |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 日 | 居 | 月 | 諸 | 諸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 10845 | 4209 | 16319 | 16959 | 17000 |
| Phonetic component | 日 | 古 | 月 | 者 | 者 |
| Rime group | 質 | 之 | 月 | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 日 | 姬 | 月 | 遮 | 諸 |
| Old Chinese | /*njiɡ/ | /*kɯ/ | /*ŋod/ | /*tjaː/ | /*tja/ |

### Idiom

日居月諸
* (literary) time flies quickly, time is inexorable

### See also

* 居諸／居诸 (jīzhū)