# 演習
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yǎnxí
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ ㄒㄧˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): янщи (i͡anxi, II-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jin$^2$ zaap$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yên-si̍p / yân-si̍p
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ián-si̍p
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎnxí
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ ㄒㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎnsí
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^3$-hsi$^2$
*** Yale: yǎn-syí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeanshyi
*** Palladius: яньси (janʹsi)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: янщи (i͡anxi, II-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /iæ̃⁵¹ ɕi²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^2$ zaap$^6$
*** Yale: yín jaahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^2$ dzaap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^2$ zab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn³⁵ t͡saːp̚²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yên-si̍p
*** Hakka Romanization System: ien$^ˊ$ xib
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^1$ xib$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ sip̚⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yân-si̍p
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian$^ˊ$ xib
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^1$ xib$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ sip̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ián-si̍p
*** Tâi-lô: ián-si̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iefnsip
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sip̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/

### Verb

演習
* (military, firefighting) to do field practice; to do operations training; to drill; to perform exercises; to maneuver
    海軍演習／海军演习 ― hǎijūn yǎnxí ― naval maneuver
    消防演習／消防演习 ― xiāofáng yǎnxí ― fire drill
    防空演習／防空演习 ― fángkōng yǎnxí ― air-defense exercise

#### Derived terms

* 軍事演習／军事演习 (jūnshì yǎnxí)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 演習(えんしゅう) (enshū)
* → Korean: 연습(演習) (yeonseup)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 演 | 習 |
| えん Grade: 5 | しゅう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えんしゅう [èńshúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ẽ̞ɰ̃ɕɨː]

### Noun

演(えん)習(しゅう) • (enshū)
* exercise, drill
    難(むずか)しい演習(えんしゅう)だった。
       Muzukashii enshū datta.
       That was a very hard quiz.

### Verb

演(えん)習(しゅう)する • (enshū suru) intransitive suru (stem 演(えん)習(しゅう)し (enshū shi), past 演(えん)習(しゅう)した (enshū shita))
* practice

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 演習し | えんしゅうし | enshū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 演習し | えんしゅうし | enshū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 演習する | えんしゅうする | enshū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 演習する | えんしゅうする | enshū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 演習すれ | えんしゅうすれ | enshū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 演習せよ¹ 演習しろ² | えんしゅうせよ¹ えんしゅうしろ² | enshū seyo¹ enshū shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 演習される | えんしゅうされる | enshū sareru |
| Causative | 演習させる 演習さす | えんしゅうさせる えんしゅうさす | enshū saseru enshū sasu |
| Potential | 演習できる | えんしゅうできる | enshū dekiru |
| Volitional | 演習しよう | えんしゅうしよう | enshū shiyō |
| Negative | 演習しない | えんしゅうしない | enshū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 演習せず | えんしゅうせず | enshū sezu |
| Formal | 演習します | えんしゅうします | enshū shimasu |
| Perfective | 演習した | えんしゅうした | enshū shita |
| Conjunctive | 演習して | えんしゅうして | enshū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 演習すれば | えんしゅうすれば | enshū sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN