# 難色
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nánsè
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄙㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): naan$^4$ sik$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lân-siak / lân-sek
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nánsè
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄙㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nánsè
*** Wade–Giles: nan$^2$-sê$^4$
*** Yale: nán-sè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nanseh
*** Palladius: наньсэ (nanʹsɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /nän³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$男色 難色／难色
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naan$^4$ sik$^1$
*** Yale: nàahn sīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naan$^4$ sik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nan$^4$ xig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːn²¹ sɪk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lân-siak
*** Tâi-lô: lân-siak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lansiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lan²⁴⁻²² siak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lân-sek
*** Tâi-lô: lân-sik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lanseg
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lan²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lan¹³⁻²² siɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lan²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lan²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: nan srik
Rime :
| Character | 難 | 色 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 那干切 | 所力切 |
| Baxter | nan | srik |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nɑn/ | /ʃɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nɑn/ | /ʃɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɑn/ | /ʃiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nan/ | /ʂik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /nɑn/ | /ʃiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /nɑn/ | /ʃĭək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /nɑn/ | /ʂi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nán | she |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | naan$^4$ | sik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤar s.rək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰaːn srɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 難 | 色 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | nán | sè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nan › | ‹ srik › |
| Old Chinese | /*nˁar/ | /*s.rək/ |
| English | difficult | color; countenance |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 難 | 色 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4897 | 10989 |
| Phonetic component | 暵 | 色 |
| Rime group | 元 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 難 | 色 |
| Old Chinese | /*n̥ʰaːn/ | /*srɯɡ/ |
| Notes | 朱駿聲暵省聲 | |

### Noun

難色
* look of awkwardness or embarrassment; expression of reluctance
    面露難色／面露难色 ― miàn lù nánsè ― to show signs of reluctance or embarrassment on the face
    From: Liezi, 1st – 5th century CE
    Shāngqiūkāi wǎng, wú nánsè. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 難(なん)色(しょく) (nanshoku)
* → Korean: 난색(難色) (nansaek)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 難 | 色 |
| なん Grade: 6 | しょく Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 難色 (kyūjitai)

### Noun

難(なん)色(しょく) • (nanshoku)
* disapproval, reluctance, hesitation
    彼女(かのじょ)は彼(かれ)のお願(ねが)いに難色(なんしょく)を示(しめ)した。
       Kanojo wa kare no onegai ni nanshoku o shimeshita.
       She showed reluctance at her boyfriend's request.