# 落第
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): luòdì
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄉㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lok$^6$ dai$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lo̍k-thi
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lo̍k-tē
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: luòdì
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄉㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: luòdì
*** Wade–Giles: lo$^4$-ti$^4$
*** Yale: lwò-dì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luohdih
*** Palladius: лоди (lodi)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$落地 落第
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lok$^6$ dai$^6$
*** Yale: lohk daih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lok$^9$ dai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: log$^6$ dei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːk̚² tɐi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lo̍k-thi
*** Hakka Romanization System: log ti
*** Hagfa Pinyim: log$^6$ ti$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /lok̚⁵ tʰi⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k-tē
*** Tâi-lô: lo̍k-tē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: logde
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴⁻² te⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ te²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te³³/

### Verb

落第
* (archaic) to fail in an imperial examination
* (by extension) to fail an exam or test
* (Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka) to repeat a grade in school

#### Synonyms

* (to fail in an imperial examination): 下第 (xiàdì)
* (to repeat a grade):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 留級, 留班 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蹲班 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 留級 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 留級 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 蹲班, 坐班 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 留級 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 留級 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 蹲級 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 留級, 踏級 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 留班, 留級 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 留班, 㨆班 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 留級 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 落第 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 落第 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 落第 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 落第 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 落第 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 落第 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 坐班 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 降班 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 甪班 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 落第 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 留級, 笪班 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 留級 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 留級 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 留級 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 留級 |

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 落 | 第 |
| らく Grade: 3 | だい Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) らくだい [ràkúdáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɾa̠kɯ̟da̠i]

### Noun

落(らく)第(だい) • (rakudai)
* failure (in an examination)
* failure (to advance to the next grade or graduate from school)

#### Antonyms

* 及第(きゅうだい) (kyūdai)

#### See also

* 不合格(ふごうかく) (fugōkaku)

### Verb

落(らく)第(だい)する • (rakudai suru) suru (stem 落(らく)第(だい)し (rakudai shi), past 落(らく)第(だい)した (rakudai shita))
* to fail an examination or test
* to fail to advance to the next grade or graduate from school

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 落第し | らくだいし | rakudai shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 落第し | らくだいし | rakudai shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 落第する | らくだいする | rakudai suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 落第する | らくだいする | rakudai suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 落第すれ | らくだいすれ | rakudai sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 落第せよ¹ 落第しろ² | らくだいせよ¹ らくだいしろ² | rakudai seyo¹ rakudai shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 落第される | らくだいされる | rakudai sareru |
| Causative | 落第させる 落第さす | らくだいさせる らくだいさす | rakudai saseru rakudai sasu |
| Potential | 落第できる | らくだいできる | rakudai dekiru |
| Volitional | 落第しよう | らくだいしよう | rakudai shiyō |
| Negative | 落第しない | らくだいしない | rakudai shinai |
| Negative continuative | 落第せず | らくだいせず | rakudai sezu |
| Formal | 落第します | らくだいします | rakudai shimasu |
| Perfective | 落第した | らくだいした | rakudai shita |
| Conjunctive | 落第して | らくだいして | rakudai shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 落第すれば | らくだいすれば | rakudai sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Antonyms

* 及第(きゅうだい)する (kyūdai suru)

#### Derived terms

* 落第点(らくだいてん) (rakudaiten)
* 落第生(らくだいせい) (rakudaisei)