# 突起
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tūqǐ, túqǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨ ㄑㄧˇ, ㄊㄨˊ ㄑㄧˇ
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thu̍t-hí
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tu̍t-khí
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tūqǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨ ㄑㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tucǐ
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^1$-chʻi$^3$
*** Yale: tū-chǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuchii
*** Palladius: туци (tuci)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$凸起 突起
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: túqǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ ㄑㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: túcǐ
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^2$-chʻi$^3$
*** Yale: tú-chǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twuchii
*** Palladius: туци (tuci)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍t-hí
*** Hakka Romanization System: tud hi$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tud$^6$ hi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰut̚⁵ hi³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t-khí
*** Tâi-lô: tu̍t-khí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dudqie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tut̚⁴⁻³² kʰi⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tut̚²⁴⁻² kʰi⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰi⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tut̚⁴⁻³² kʰi⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tut̚⁴⁻³² kʰi⁴¹/

### Verb

突起
* to suddenly spring up; to suddenly appear
* Alternative form of 凸起 (tūqǐ, “to protrude; to bulge”)

#### Synonyms

* (to suddenly spring up): 崛起 (juéqǐ)

#### Derived terms

* 異軍突起／异军突起 (yìjūntūqǐ)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 突 | 起 |
| とつ > とっ Grade: S | き Grade: 3 |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spelling
* 突起 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とっき [tòkkí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞k̚ʲkʲi]

### Noun

突(とっ)起(き) • (tokki)
* a part that juts out of a surface, such as a protuberance, a projection, a prominence, a bump, a process, a promontory, an apophysis, an appendix, etc.
    烏(う)口(こう)突(とっ)起(き) ― ukō tokki ― a coracoid/coronoid process
    柔(じゅう)突(とっ)起(き) ― jūtokki ― a villus
    神(しん)経(けい)突(とっ)起(き) ― shinkei tokki ― a neuronal process
    虫(ちゅう)様(よう)突(とっ)起(き) ― chūyō tokki ― a vermiform appendix
    乳(にゅう)様(よう)突(とっ)起(き) ― nyūyō tokki ― a mastoid process
    竜(りゅう)骨(こつ)突(とっ)起(き) ― ryūkotsu tokki ― an avian keel

### Verb

突(とっ)起(き)する • (tokki suru) suru (stem 突(とっ)起(き)し (tokki shi), past 突(とっ)起(き)した (tokki shita))
* to protrude; to project

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 突起し | とっきし | tokki shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 突起し | とっきし | tokki shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 突起する | とっきする | tokki suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 突起する | とっきする | tokki suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 突起すれ | とっきすれ | tokki sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 突起せよ¹ 突起しろ² | とっきせよ¹ とっきしろ² | tokki seyo¹ tokki shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 突起される | とっきされる | tokki sareru |
| Causative | 突起させる 突起さす | とっきさせる とっきさす | tokki saseru tokki sasu |
| Potential | 突起できる | とっきできる | tokki dekiru |
| Volitional | 突起しよう | とっきしよう | tokki shiyō |
| Negative | 突起しない | とっきしない | tokki shinai |
| Negative continuative | 突起せず | とっきせず | tokki sezu |
| Formal | 突起します | とっきします | tokki shimasu |
| Perfective | 突起した | とっきした | tokki shita |
| Conjunctive | 突起して | とっきして | tokki shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 突起すれば | とっきすれば | tokki sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN