# 撓

| 撓 | U+6493, &#25747; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6493 |
| ← 撒 [U+6492] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 撔 → [U+6494] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 撓 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | ⿰扌尭 |
| Simplified | 挠 |

### Han character

撓 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 手土土山 (QGGU), four-corner 5401$_1$, composition ⿰扌堯)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 454, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12698
* Dae Jaweon: page 803, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1952, character 14
* Unihan data for U+6493

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 撓 | *hŋaːw, *rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ |
| 鐃 | *rŋaːw |
| 譊 | *rŋaːw |
| 橈 | *rŋaːws, *ŋjew |
| 磽 | *ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ |
| 墝 | *ŋ̊ʰreːw |
| 穘 | *hŋreːw |
| 顤 | *hŋreːw, *ŋeːws |
| 燒 | *hŋjew, *hŋjaws |
| 饒 | *ŋjew, *ŋjaws |
| 蟯 | *ŋjew, *ʔŋew |
| 蕘 | *ŋjew |
| 襓 | *ŋjew |
| 繞 | *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws |
| 遶 | *ŋjewʔ |
| 嬈 | *njewʔ, *neːwʔ, *hŋeːws |
| 趬 | *ŋ̊ʰew, *ŋ̊ʰews |
| 蹺 | *ŋ̊ʰew |
| 翹 | *ɡew, *ɡews |
| 澆 | *ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws |
| 驍 | *ŋkeːw |
| 僥 | *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw |
| 堯 | *ŋeːw |
| 垚 | *ŋeːw |
| 嶢 | *ŋeːw |
| 獟 | *ŋeːws |
| 膮 | *hŋeːw, *hŋeːwʔ |
| 嘵 | *hŋeːw |
| 憢 | *hŋeːw |
| 曉 | *hŋeːwʔ |
| 皢 | *hŋeːwʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): náo (nao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): naau$^4$ / naau$^5$ / naau$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lâu / nâu / nāu / lā / ngiáu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: náo
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: náo
*** Wade–Giles: nao$^2$
*** Yale: náu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nau
*** Palladius: нао (nao)
*** Sinological IPA : /nɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naau$^4$ / naau$^5$ / naau$^6$
*** Yale: nàauh / náauh / naauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naau$^4$ / naau$^5$ / naau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nao$^4$ / nao$^5$ / nao$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːu̯²¹/, /naːu̯¹³/, /naːu̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâu
*** Tâi-lô: lâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: laau
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lau²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nâu
*** Tâi-lô: nâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: naau
*** IPA (Xiamen): /nãu²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /nãu¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nāu
*** Tâi-lô: nāu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nau
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /nãu²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lā
*** Tâi-lô: lā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: la
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /la³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /la²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngiáu
*** Tâi-lô: ngiáu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngiao
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋiãu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Zhangzhou): /ŋiãu⁵³/
* lâu/nâu/nāu - literary;
* lā - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: xaw, nraewX
Rime :
| Character | 撓 | 撓 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 呼毛切 | 奴巧切 |
| Baxter | xaw | nraewX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɑu/ | /ɳˠau$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɑu/ | /ɳᵚau$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɑu/ | /nau$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /haw/ | /ɳaɨw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /xɑu/ | /nau$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /xɑu/ | /nau$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xɑu/ | /nau$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hāo | nǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hou$^1$ | naau$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[q]ʰˤrewʔ/, /*nˤ<r>[a]wʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hŋaːw/, /*rŋaːw/, /*rnaːwʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 撓 | 撓 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | náo | náo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nræw$^X$ › | ‹ nræw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-[q]ʰˁrewʔ/ | /*nˁ<r>[a]wʔ/ |
| English | bend (v.); flinch | disturb |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 撓 | 撓 | 撓 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 14655 | 14657 | 14659 |
| Phonetic component | 垚 | 垚 | 垚 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 宵 | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蒿 | 鐃 | 㺒 |
| Old Chinese | /*hŋaːw/ | /*rŋaːw/ | /*rnaːwʔ/ |

### Definitions

撓
* to disturb; to bother; to upset
    From: The Art of War, circa 5th century BCE, translated based on Lionel Giles's version
    nù ér náo zhī bēi ér jiāo zhī [Pinyin]
    If your opponent is of choleric temper, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant
* to stir; to mix
* to scratch
* Alternative form of 鬧／闹 (nào, “noisy”)
* to bend; to yield; to flinch
* (Nanning Pinghua) paw; claw

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 爪 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 爪子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 爪子, 爪兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 爪子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 爪子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 爪子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 爪子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 爪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 爪子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 爪子, 爪爪兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 爪子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 爪子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 爪子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 爪爪子, 爪子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 爪爪, 爪子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 爪子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 爪爪 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 爪 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 爪子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 爪子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 爪子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 爪子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 爪 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 爪 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 爪, 腳爪 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 爪子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 爪 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 腳爪 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 腳爪, 爪 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 腳爪 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 爪 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 爪 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 爪 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 爪 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 爪 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 爪 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 腳爪 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 爪爪, 爪子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 爪子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 跤爪, 爪 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 跤爪 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 跤爪, 爪, 爪仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 跤爪, 爪 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 跤爪 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 跤爪, 爪 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 爪 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 爪 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 跤爪 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 跤爪 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 撓, 爪 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 腳爪 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 腳爪 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 腳爪 |
| Wu | Danyang | 腳爪 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 腳爪兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 腳爪 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 腳爪, 爪 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 腳鈀 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 爪子, 腳爪子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 腳爪爪 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 爪子 |

#### Compounds

* 不屈不撓／不屈不挠 (bùqūbùnáo)
* 以指撓沸／以指挠沸
* 刺撓／刺挠
* 堅毅不撓／坚毅不挠
* 守正不撓／守正不挠
* 屈撓／屈挠 (qūnáo)
* 心癢難撓／心痒难挠
* 抓抓撓撓／抓抓挠挠
* 抓撓／抓挠 (zhuānao)
* 抓撓兒／抓挠儿
* 抓耳撓腮／抓耳挠腮
* 持正不撓／持正不挠
* 摧撓／摧挠
* 撓北／挠北
* 撓折／挠折
* 撓擾／挠扰
* 撓癢癢／挠痒痒 (náo yǎngyang)
* 撓直為曲／挠直为曲
* 撓秧／挠秧 (náoyāng)
* 撓節／挠节
* 撧耳撓腮／𪮖耳挠腮
* 撓辭／挠辞
* 撓鉤／挠钩
* 撓頭／挠头
* 撾撓／挝挠
* 撾耳撓腮／挝耳挠腮
* 曲撓／曲挠
* 氣鼓撓刀／气鼓挠刀
* 沮撓／沮挠
* 百折不撓／百折不挠 (bǎizhébùnáo)
* 神色不撓／神色不挠
* 臨危不撓／临危不挠
* 自撓／自挠
* 色撓／色挠
* 阻撓／阻挠 (zǔnáo)
* 馬撓子／马挠子

### References

* “撓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | ⿰扌尭 |
| Kyūjitai | 撓 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form ⿰扌尭)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: にょう (nyō)
* Kan-on: どう (dō)
* Kan’yō-on: とう (tō)
* Kun: いたむ (itamu, 撓む)、しなう (shinau, 撓う)、しわる (shiwaru, 撓る)、おおる (ōru, 撓る)、しおり (shiori)、しおる (shioru, 撓る)、たおむ (taomu, 撓む)、ためる (tameru, 撓める)、たわ (tawa, 撓)、たわむ (tawamu, 撓む)、たわめる (tawameru, 撓める)、たわわ (tawawa)、とおお (tōo)、とおむ (tōmu, 撓む)、とおらう (tōrau, 撓らう)、みだす (midasu, 撓す)、みだれる (midareru, 撓れる)

## Korean
### Hanja

撓 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

撓: Hán Nôm readings: nhéo, nạo, não, nàu, ngoéo, nhàu, ngàu, nao, nảo, nảu, nãu, nạu, nhao, nháo, nháu, nhảu, nhảo
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.