# 諄

| 諄 | U+8AC4, &#35524; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AC4 |
| ← 諃 [U+8AC3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 諅 → [U+8AC5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

諄 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜口卜口木 (YRYRD), four-corner 0064$_7$, composition ⿰訁享)
* patient, earnest
* earnestly

#### Derived characters

* 𫬛

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1166, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35622
* Dae Jaweon: page 1632, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3991, character 5
* Unihan data for U+8AC4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 弴 | *tjuː, *tuːn |
| 敦 | *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns |
| 錞 | *duːlʔ, *duːls, *djun |
| 憝 | *duːls |
| 憞 | *duːls |
| 譈 | *duːls |
| 鐓 | *duːls |
| 鷻 | *doːn |
| 鶉 | *doːn, *djun |
| 惇 | *tuːn, *tjun |
| 墩 | *tuːn |
| 驐 | *tuːn |
| 燉 | *tuːns, *tʰuːn, *duːn |
| 焞 | *tʰuːn, *djun |
| 啍 | *tʰuːn, *duːn |
| 暾 | *tʰuːn |
| 噋 | *tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ |
| 諄 | *tjun, *tjuns |
| 埻 | *tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ |
| 稕 | *tjuns |
| 醇 | *djun |
| 淳 | *djun |
| 犉 | *njun |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjun, *tjuns) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 𦎧.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhūn (zhun$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon$^1$ / deon$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chun
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhun
*** Wade–Giles: chun$^1$
*** Yale: jwūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juen
*** Palladius: чжунь (čžunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeon$^1$ / deon$^1$
*** Yale: jēun / dēun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen$^1$ / doen$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zên$^1$ / dên$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵn⁵⁵/, /tɵn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chun
*** Tâi-lô: tsun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zwn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sun³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sun⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsywin, tsywinH
Rime :
| Character | 諄 | 諄 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 章倫切 | 之閏切 |
| Baxter | tsywin | tsywinH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiuɪn/ | /t͡ɕiuɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʷin/ | /t͡ɕʷin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjuen/ | /t͡ɕjuen$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cwin/ | /cwin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiuĕn/ | /t͡ɕiuĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭuĕn/ | /t͡ɕĭuĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯uĕn/ | /t͡ɕi̯uĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhūn | zhùn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zeon$^1$ | zeon$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjun/, /*tjuns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 諄 | 諄 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 2611 | 2615 |
| Phonetic component | 敦 | 敦 |
| Rime group | 文 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 諄 | 稕 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjun/ | /*tjuns/ |

### Definitions

諄
* earnest

#### Compounds

* 諄懇／谆恳
* 諄諄／谆谆 (zhūnzhūn)
* 諄諄不倦／谆谆不倦
* 諄諄告戒／谆谆告戒 (zhūnzhūngàojiè)
* 諄諄善誘／谆谆善诱
* 諄諄教導／谆谆教导
* 諄諄教誨／谆谆教诲

### References

* “諄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* earnest

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅん (shun)
* Kan-on: しゅん (shun)
* Kan’yō-on: じゅん (jun)
* Kun: くどい (kudoi, 諄い)、ねんごろ (nengoro, 諄ろ)
* Nanori: あつ (atsu)、いたる (itaru)、さね (sane)、しげ (shige)、とも (tomo)、のぶ (nobu)、まこと (makoto)

#### Compounds

* 諄諄(じゅんじゅん) (junjun)
* 諄(くど)諄(くど) (kudokudo)

## Korean
### Hanja

諄 (eum 순 (sun))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

諄: Hán Nôm readings: truân
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation