# 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ *𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*brannjan)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaˈbranː.jan/

### Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (gabrannjan) (perfective)
* to burn up (destroy by burning)
** 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: First Epistle to the Corinthians (Codex Ambrosianus A) 13.3:𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌿 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐍉𐍃 𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍃, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐍄𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌿 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺 𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿, 𐌹𐌸 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰 ⟨𐌽𐌹⟩ 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿, 𐌽𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄 𐌱𐍉𐍄𐍉𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐍃 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌿.jah jabai fraatjau allōs aihtins meinōs, jah jabai atgibau leik mein ei gabrannjaidau, iþ friaþwa ⟨ni⟩ habau, ni waiht bōtōs mis taujau.And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing. (KJV).
** 6th Century, Skeireins (Codex Vaticanus Latinus 5750) leaf 3, (referring to Numbers 19):𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌸 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐌿𐌽𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌴 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌰𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌸 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰, (𐌰)𐌶𐌲𐍉𐌽 𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍉𐌽𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌱𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃; 𐌰𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌸𐍉 𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌷𐍅𐍃𐍃𐍉𐍀𐍉𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃, 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌱, 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌽 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃.untē witōþ þizē unfaurweisanē missadēdē ainaizōs witōþ raidida, (a)zgōn kalbōns gabrannidaizōs utana bibaurgeinais; afaruh þan þō in watō wairpandans hrain jah hwssōpōn jah wullai raudai ufartrusnjandans, swaswē gadōb, þans ufarmitōn munandans.1966 translation by William H. BennettFor the [Hebrew] Law prescribed for a certain unpremeditated misdeed that the ash of a heifer burned outside the camp should be cast afterward into clean water and sprinkled with hyssop and red wool, as befitted those who were above deliberate intent.
** 6th Century, Calendar (Codex Ambrosianus A) October:·𐌺𐌸· 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐍅𐍄𐍂𐌴 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐌱𐌹 𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌽 𐍀𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌹𐌽 𐌱𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆. 𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍃 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹.·kþ· gaminþi marwtrē þizē bi wērēkan papan jah batwin bilaif. aikklēsjōns fullaizōs ana gutþiudai gabrannidai.29: remembrance of the martyrs who with Werekas the priest and Batwis the bilaif were burned in a crowded church among the Goths

#### Conjugation

Class 1 weak :
| Infinitive | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 gabrannjan | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 gabrannjan | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 gabrannjan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰 gabrannja | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌰 gabrannida | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gabrannjada |
| 2nd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 gabranneis | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 gabrannidēs | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 gabrannjaza |
| 3rd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 gabranneiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌰 gabrannida | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gabrannjada |
| 1st dual | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐍉𐍃 gabrannjōs | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 gabrannidēdu | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gabrannjats | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 gabrannidēduts | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌼 gabrannjam | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 gabrannidēdum | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gabrannjanda |
| 2nd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 gabranneiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 gabrannidēduþ | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gabrannjanda |
| 3rd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 gabrannjand | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 gabrannidēdun | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gabrannjanda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿 gabrannjau | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 gabrannidēdjau | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabrannjaidau |
| 2nd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 gabrannjais | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 gabrannidēdeis | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gabrannjaizau |
| 3rd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹 gabrannjai | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 gabrannidēdi | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabrannjaidau |
| 1st dual | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gabrannjaiwa | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gabrannidēdeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gabrannjaits | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gabrannidēdeits | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gabrannjaima | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gabrannidēdeima | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabrannjaindau |
| 2nd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 gabrannjaiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 gabrannidēdeiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabrannjaindau |
| 3rd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gabrannjaina | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gabrannidēdeina | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabrannjaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹 gabrannei | | |
| 3rd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabrannjadau | | |
| 2nd dual | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gabrannjats | | |
| 2nd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 gabranneiþ | | |
| 3rd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabrannjandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gabrannjands | 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸𐍃 gabranniþs | |

#### Related terms

* 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃𐍄𐍃 (alabrunsts, “burnt offering”)
* 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (brinnan, “to burn”)
* 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐍉 (brinnō, “fever”)
* 𐌹𐌽𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (inbrannjan, “to inflame”)

### References

* ↑ Corinthians I chapter 13 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
* ↑ Skeireins leaf 3 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
* ↑ Anhang II. Der gotische Kalender Excerpt from: Die gotische Bibel: Herausgegeben von Wilhelm Streitberg. (Germanische Bibliothek, 2. Abteilung, 3. Band) 1. Teil: Der gotische Text und seine griechische Vorlage. Mit Einleitung, Lesarten und Quellennachweisen sowie den kleineren Denkmälern als Anhang. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1919. (S. 472 - 474). Project Wulfila (http://www.wulfila.be) - University of Antwerp (Belgium), 2001.

### Further reading

* Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 22