# شيطان
## Arabic
### Etymology

Often interpreted as coming from the root ش ي ط (š-y-ṭ) meaning “to burn, scorch” and the ـَان (-ān) suffix forming adjectives. Given the historical precedence of Hebrew texts wherein the word is of relevance, it is likely that the Arabic word is a reinterpretation of Hebrew שָׂטָן (śāṭān), from a root relating to opposition or accusation.
Cognate with Classical Syriac ܣܛܢܐ (sāṭānā), Hebrew שָׂטָן (śāṭān), Ge'ez ሠይጣን (śäyṭan), ሰይጣን (säyṭan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃaj.tˤaːn/

### Noun

شَيْطَان • (šayṭān) m (plural شَيَاطِين (šayāṭīn))
* (defined) Satan, shaitan, the Devil
    Synonym: إِبْلِيس (ʔiblīs)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:208:يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌO you who have believed, enter into Islam completely [and perfectly] and do not follow the footsteps of Satan. Indeed, he is to you a clear enemy.
* (religion) devil, evil jinn
* (mythology) demon, fiend

#### Related terms

* جِنّ (jinn, “jinn”)
* جَانّ (jānn, “jann”)
* نَسْنَاس (nasnās, “nasnas”)
* غُول (ḡūl, “ghoul”)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: xitan
* → Azerbaijani: şeytan
* → Belarusian: шайта́н (šajtán)
* → Bura: shatan
* → Classical Persian: شَیْطَان (šaytān)
** Tajik: шайтон (šayton)
** → Assamese: চৈতান (soitan)
** → Bashkir: шайтан (şaytan)
** → Bengali: শয়তান (śoẏotan)
** → Chagatai:
*** Uyghur: شەيتان (sheytan)
*** Uzbek: shayton
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: शैतान (śaitān)
    Urdu: شَیطان (śaitān)
** → Kannada: ಸೈತಾನ (saitāna)
** → Kazakh: сайтан (saitan), шайтан (şaitan)
** → Malay: setan, syaitan
** → Malayalam: ശയ്ത്താന് (śayttāṉ), ശൈത്താൻ (śaittāṉ)
** → Marathi: सैतान (saitān)
*** Indonesian: setan, syaitan
**** → West Makian: setan
** → Pashto: شيطان (šaytãn)
** → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ (śaitān)
    Shahmukhi script: شیطان (śaitān)
** → Rohingya: cóitan
** → Sylheti: ꠡꠄꠔꠣꠘ (śoetan)
** → Tatar: шайтан (şaytan)
** → Tamil: சைத்தான் (caittāṉ)
* → English: shaitan
* → Finnish: shaitan
* → French: chétane
* → Hausa: shaiɗan
* → Japanese: シャイターン (shaitān)
* → Karaim: шайтан (şaytan)
* → Khalaj: Şəytân
* → Northern Kurdish: şeytan
* → Maranao: saitan, Saitan
* → Oromo: sheetanna, seetanna
* → Portuguese: shaitan
* → Ottoman Turkish: شیطان (şeytan)
** Turkish: şeytan
** → Albanian: shejtan
** → Armenian: շեյթան (šeytʻan)
** → Romanian: șeitan
** → Bulgarian: шейта́н (šejtán)
** → Macedonian: шејтан (šejtan)
** → Serbo-Croatian: šéjtān／ше́јта̄н
** → Crimean Tatar: şeytan
* → Russian: шайта́н (šajtán)
* → Somali: shayddaan
* → Swahili: shetani
** → English: shetani
* → Tausug: saytan
* → Thai: ชัยฏอน (chai-dtɔɔn)
* → Turkmen: şeýtan
* → Ukrainian: шайта́н (šajtán)
* → Wolof: seytaane
* → Yakan: seyitan

#### References

* Haywood, J.A., Nahmad, H.M. (1965) “شيطان”, in A new Arabic grammar, 2nd edition, London: Lund Humphries, →ISBN
* Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 522–523
* Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 47
* Praetorius, Franz (1907) “Äthiopische Etymologien”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 61, pages 619–620
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “شيطن”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Malay
### Noun

شيطان (plural شيطان-شيطان or شيطان۲)
* Jawi spelling of syaitan‎.