# qabuka
## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǃaɓúːɠa/

### Verb

-qabúka
* (intransitive) to see for the first time, to experience for the first time
* (transitive) to awake, to awaken, to wake up

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuqabuka |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqabuka | ukungaqabuki |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qabuka | -qabuke |
| Plural | qabukani | -qabukeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqabuka, ngiqabuka | engiqabukayo, engiqabuka | ngiqabuka | angiqabuki | engingaqabuki | ngingaqabuki |
| 2nd singular | uyaqabuka, uqabuka | oqabukayo, oqabuka | uqabuka | awuqabuki | ongaqabuki | ungaqabuki |
| 1st plural | siyaqabuka, siqabuka | esiqabukayo, esiqabuka | siqabuka | asiqabuki | esingaqabuki | singaqabuki |
| 2nd plural | niyaqabuka, niqabuka | eniqabukayo, eniqabuka | niqabuka | aniqabuki | eningaqabuki | ningaqabuki |
| Class 1 | uyaqabuka, uqabuka | oqabukayo, oqabuka | eqabuka | akaqabuki | ongaqabuki | engaqabuki |
| Class 2 | bayaqabuka, baqabuka | abaqabukayo, abaqabuka | beqabuka | abaqabuki | abangaqabuki | bengaqabuki |
| Class 3 | uyaqabuka, uqabuka | oqabukayo, oqabuka | uqabuka | awuqabuki | ongaqabuki | ungaqabuki |
| Class 4 | iyaqabuka, iqabuka | eqabukayo, eqabuka | iqabuka | ayiqabuki | engaqabuki | ingaqabuki |
| Class 5 | liyaqabuka, liqabuka | eliqabukayo, eliqabuka | liqabuka | aliqabuki | elingaqabuki | lingaqabuki |
| Class 6 | ayaqabuka, aqabuka | aqabukayo, aqabuka | eqabuka | awaqabuki | angaqabuki | engaqabuki |
| Class 7 | siyaqabuka, siqabuka | esiqabukayo, esiqabuka | siqabuka | asiqabuki | esingaqabuki | singaqabuki |
| Class 8 | ziyaqabuka, ziqabuka | eziqabukayo, eziqabuka | ziqabuka | aziqabuki | ezingaqabuki | zingaqabuki |
| Class 9 | iyaqabuka, iqabuka | eqabukayo, eqabuka | iqabuka | ayiqabuki | engaqabuki | ingaqabuki |
| Class 10 | ziyaqabuka, ziqabuka | eziqabukayo, eziqabuka | ziqabuka | aziqabuki | ezingaqabuki | zingaqabuki |
| Class 11 | luyaqabuka, luqabuka | oluqabukayo, oluqabuka | luqabuka | aluqabuki | olungaqabuki | lungaqabuki |
| Class 14 | buyaqabuka, buqabuka | obuqabukayo, obuqabuka | buqabuka | abuqabuki | obungaqabuki | bungaqabuki |
| Class 15 | kuyaqabuka, kuqabuka | okuqabukayo, okuqabuka | kuqabuka | akuqabuki | okungaqabuki | kungaqabuki |
| Class 17 | kuyaqabuka, kuqabuka | okuqabukayo, okuqabuka | kuqabuka | akuqabuki | okungaqabuki | kungaqabuki |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqabukile, ngiqabukē | engiqabukile, engiqabukē | ngiqabukile, ngiqabukē | angiqabukanga | engingaqabukanga | ngingaqabukanga |
| 2nd singular | uqabukile, uqabukē | oqabukile, oqabukē | uqabukile, uqabukē | awuqabukanga | ongaqabukanga | ungaqabukanga |
| 1st plural | siqabukile, siqabukē | esiqabukile, esiqabukē | siqabukile, siqabukē | asiqabukanga | esingaqabukanga | singaqabukanga |
| 2nd plural | niqabukile, niqabukē | eniqabukile, eniqabukē | niqabukile, niqabukē | aniqabukanga | eningaqabukanga | ningaqabukanga |
| Class 1 | uqabukile, uqabukē | oqabukile, oqabukē | eqabukile, eqabukē | akaqabukanga | ongaqabukanga | engaqabukanga |
| Class 2 | baqabukile, baqabukē | abaqabukile, abaqabukē | beqabukile, beqabukē | abaqabukanga | abangaqabukanga | bengaqabukanga |
| Class 3 | uqabukile, uqabukē | oqabukile, oqabukē | uqabukile, uqabukē | awuqabukanga | ongaqabukanga | ungaqabukanga |
| Class 4 | iqabukile, iqabukē | eqabukile, eqabukē | iqabukile, iqabukē | ayiqabukanga | engaqabukanga | ingaqabukanga |
| Class 5 | liqabukile, liqabukē | eliqabukile, eliqabukē | liqabukile, liqabukē | aliqabukanga | elingaqabukanga | lingaqabukanga |
| Class 6 | aqabukile, aqabukē | aqabukile, aqabukē | eqabukile, eqabukē | awaqabukanga | angaqabukanga | engaqabukanga |
| Class 7 | siqabukile, siqabukē | esiqabukile, esiqabukē | siqabukile, siqabukē | asiqabukanga | esingaqabukanga | singaqabukanga |
| Class 8 | ziqabukile, ziqabukē | eziqabukile, eziqabukē | ziqabukile, ziqabukē | aziqabukanga | ezingaqabukanga | zingaqabukanga |
| Class 9 | iqabukile, iqabukē | eqabukile, eqabukē | iqabukile, iqabukē | ayiqabukanga | engaqabukanga | ingaqabukanga |
| Class 10 | ziqabukile, ziqabukē | eziqabukile, eziqabukē | ziqabukile, ziqabukē | aziqabukanga | ezingaqabukanga | zingaqabukanga |
| Class 11 | luqabukile, luqabukē | oluqabukile, oluqabukē | luqabukile, luqabukē | aluqabukanga | olungaqabukanga | lungaqabukanga |
| Class 14 | buqabukile, buqabukē | obuqabukile, obuqabukē | buqabukile, buqabukē | abuqabukanga | obungaqabukanga | bungaqabukanga |
| Class 15 | kuqabukile, kuqabukē | okuqabukile, okuqabukē | kuqabukile, kuqabukē | akuqabukanga | okungaqabukanga | kungaqabukanga |
| Class 17 | kuqabukile, kuqabukē | okuqabukile, okuqabukē | kuqabukile, kuqabukē | akuqabukanga | okungaqabukanga | kungaqabukanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqabuka | engāqabuka | ngāqabuka | angiqabukanga | engingaqabukanga | ngingaqabukanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqabuka | owāqabuka | wāqabuka | awuqabukanga | ongaqabukanga | ungaqabukanga |
| 1st plural | sāqabuka | esāqabuka | sāqabuka | asiqabukanga | esingaqabukanga | singaqabukanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqabuka | enāqabuka | nāqabuka | aniqabukanga | eningaqabukanga | ningaqabukanga |
| Class 1 | wāqabuka | owāqabuka | āqabuka | akaqabukanga | ongaqabukanga | engaqabukanga |
| Class 2 | bāqabuka | abāqabuka | bāqabuka | abaqabukanga | abangaqabukanga | bengaqabukanga |
| Class 3 | wāqabuka | owāqabuka | wāqabuka | awuqabukanga | ongaqabukanga | ungaqabukanga |
| Class 4 | yāqabuka | eyāqabuka | yāqabuka | ayiqabukanga | engaqabukanga | ingaqabukanga |
| Class 5 | lāqabuka | elāqabuka | lāqabuka | aliqabukanga | elingaqabukanga | lingaqabukanga |
| Class 6 | āqabuka | āqabuka | āqabuka | awaqabukanga | angaqabukanga | engaqabukanga |
| Class 7 | sāqabuka | esāqabuka | sāqabuka | asiqabukanga | esingaqabukanga | singaqabukanga |
| Class 8 | zāqabuka | ezāqabuka | zāqabuka | aziqabukanga | ezingaqabukanga | zingaqabukanga |
| Class 9 | yāqabuka | eyāqabuka | yāqabuka | ayiqabukanga | engaqabukanga | ingaqabukanga |
| Class 10 | zāqabuka | ezāqabuka | zāqabuka | aziqabukanga | ezingaqabukanga | zingaqabukanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqabuka | olwāqabuka | lwāqabuka | aluqabukanga | olungaqabukanga | lungaqabukanga |
| Class 14 | bāqabuka | obāqabuka | bāqabuka | abuqabukanga | obungaqabukanga | bungaqabukanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqabuka | okwāqabuka | kwāqabuka | akuqabukanga | okungaqabukanga | kungaqabukanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqabuka | okwāqabuka | kwāqabuka | akuqabukanga | okungaqabukanga | kungaqabukanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqabuka | — | ngingaqabuka | ngingeqabuke | — | ngingeqabuke |
| 2nd singular | ungaqabuka | — | ungaqabuka | ungeqabuke | — | ungeqabuke |
| 1st plural | singaqabuka | — | singaqabuka | singeqabuke | — | singeqabuke |
| 2nd plural | ningaqabuka | — | ningaqabuka | ningeqabuke | — | ningeqabuke |
| Class 1 | angaqabuka | — | engaqabuka | angeqabuke | — | engeqabuke |
| Class 2 | bangaqabuka | — | bengaqabuka | bangeqabuke | — | bengeqabuke |
| Class 3 | ungaqabuka | — | ungaqabuka | ungeqabuke | — | ungeqabuke |
| Class 4 | ingaqabuka | — | ingaqabuka | ingeqabuke | — | ingeqabuke |
| Class 5 | lingaqabuka | — | lingaqabuka | lingeqabuke | — | lingeqabuke |
| Class 6 | angaqabuka | — | engaqabuka | angeqabuke | — | engeqabuke |
| Class 7 | singaqabuka | — | singaqabuka | singeqabuke | — | singeqabuke |
| Class 8 | zingaqabuka | — | zingaqabuka | zingeqabuke | — | zingeqabuke |
| Class 9 | ingaqabuka | — | ingaqabuka | ingeqabuke | — | ingeqabuke |
| Class 10 | zingaqabuka | — | zingaqabuka | zingeqabuke | — | zingeqabuke |
| Class 11 | lungaqabuka | — | lungaqabuka | lungeqabuke | — | lungeqabuke |
| Class 14 | bungaqabuka | — | bungaqabuka | bungeqabuke | — | bungeqabuke |
| Class 15 | kungaqabuka | — | kungaqabuka | kungeqabuke | — | kungeqabuke |
| Class 17 | kungaqabuka | — | kungaqabuka | kungeqabuke | — | kungeqabuke |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqabuka | engizoqabuka | ngizoqabuka | angizuqabuka | engingezuqabuka | ngingezuqabuka |
| 2nd singular | uzoqabuka | ozoqabuka | uzoqabuka | awuzuqabuka | ongezuqabuka | ungezuqabuka |
| 1st plural | sizoqabuka | esizoqabuka | sizoqabuka | asizuqabuka | esingezuqabuka | singezuqabuka |
| 2nd plural | nizoqabuka | enizoqabuka | nizoqabuka | anizuqabuka | eningezuqabuka | ningezuqabuka |
| Class 1 | uzoqabuka | ozoqabuka | ezoqabuka | akazuqabuka | ongezuqabuka | engezuqabuka |
| Class 2 | bazoqabuka | abazoqabuka | bezoqabuka | abazuqabuka | abangezuqabuka | bengezuqabuka |
| Class 3 | uzoqabuka | ozoqabuka | uzoqabuka | awuzuqabuka | ongezuqabuka | ungezuqabuka |
| Class 4 | izoqabuka | ezoqabuka | izoqabuka | ayizuqabuka | engezuqabuka | ingezuqabuka |
| Class 5 | lizoqabuka | elizoqabuka | lizoqabuka | alizuqabuka | elingezuqabuka | lingezuqabuka |
| Class 6 | azoqabuka | azoqabuka | ezoqabuka | awazuqabuka | angezuqabuka | engezuqabuka |
| Class 7 | sizoqabuka | esizoqabuka | sizoqabuka | asizuqabuka | esingezuqabuka | singezuqabuka |
| Class 8 | zizoqabuka | ezizoqabuka | zizoqabuka | azizuqabuka | ezingezuqabuka | zingezuqabuka |
| Class 9 | izoqabuka | ezoqabuka | izoqabuka | ayizuqabuka | engezuqabuka | ingezuqabuka |
| Class 10 | zizoqabuka | ezizoqabuka | zizoqabuka | azizuqabuka | ezingezuqabuka | zingezuqabuka |
| Class 11 | luzoqabuka | oluzoqabuka | luzoqabuka | aluzuqabuka | olungezuqabuka | lungezuqabuka |
| Class 14 | buzoqabuka | obuzoqabuka | buzoqabuka | abuzuqabuka | obungezuqabuka | bungezuqabuka |
| Class 15 | kuzoqabuka | okuzoqabuka | kuzoqabuka | akuzuqabuka | okungezuqabuka | kungezuqabuka |
| Class 17 | kuzoqabuka | okuzoqabuka | kuzoqabuka | akuzuqabuka | okungezuqabuka | kungezuqabuka |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqabuka | engiyoqabuka | ngiyoqabuka | angiyuqabuka | engingeyuqabuka | ngingeyuqabuka |
| 2nd singular | uyoqabuka | oyoqabuka | uyoqabuka | awuyuqabuka | ongeyuqabuka | ungeyuqabuka |
| 1st plural | siyoqabuka | esiyoqabuka | siyoqabuka | asiyuqabuka | esingeyuqabuka | singeyuqabuka |
| 2nd plural | niyoqabuka | eniyoqabuka | niyoqabuka | aniyuqabuka | eningeyuqabuka | ningeyuqabuka |
| Class 1 | uyoqabuka | oyoqabuka | eyoqabuka | akayuqabuka | ongeyuqabuka | engeyuqabuka |
| Class 2 | bayoqabuka | abayoqabuka | beyoqabuka | abayuqabuka | abangeyuqabuka | bengeyuqabuka |
| Class 3 | uyoqabuka | oyoqabuka | uyoqabuka | awuyuqabuka | ongeyuqabuka | ungeyuqabuka |
| Class 4 | iyoqabuka | eyoqabuka | iyoqabuka | ayiyuqabuka | engeyuqabuka | ingeyuqabuka |
| Class 5 | liyoqabuka | eliyoqabuka | liyoqabuka | aliyuqabuka | elingeyuqabuka | lingeyuqabuka |
| Class 6 | ayoqabuka | ayoqabuka | eyoqabuka | awayuqabuka | angeyuqabuka | engeyuqabuka |
| Class 7 | siyoqabuka | esiyoqabuka | siyoqabuka | asiyuqabuka | esingeyuqabuka | singeyuqabuka |
| Class 8 | ziyoqabuka | eziyoqabuka | ziyoqabuka | aziyuqabuka | ezingeyuqabuka | zingeyuqabuka |
| Class 9 | iyoqabuka | eyoqabuka | iyoqabuka | ayiyuqabuka | engeyuqabuka | ingeyuqabuka |
| Class 10 | ziyoqabuka | eziyoqabuka | ziyoqabuka | aziyuqabuka | ezingeyuqabuka | zingeyuqabuka |
| Class 11 | luyoqabuka | oluyoqabuka | luyoqabuka | aluyuqabuka | olungeyuqabuka | lungeyuqabuka |
| Class 14 | buyoqabuka | obuyoqabuka | buyoqabuka | abuyuqabuka | obungeyuqabuka | bungeyuqabuka |
| Class 15 | kuyoqabuka | okuyoqabuka | kuyoqabuka | akuyuqabuka | okungeyuqabuka | kungeyuqabuka |
| Class 17 | kuyoqabuka | okuyoqabuka | kuyoqabuka | akuyuqabuka | okungeyuqabuka | kungeyuqabuka |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqabuke | ngingaqabuki |
| 2nd singular | uqabuke | ungaqabuki |
| 1st plural | siqabuke | singaqabuki |
| 2nd plural | niqabuke | ningaqabuki |
| Class 1 | aqabuke | angaqabuki |
| Class 2 | baqabuke | bangaqabuki |
| Class 3 | uqabuke | ungaqabuki |
| Class 4 | iqabuke | ingaqabuki |
| Class 5 | liqabuke | lingaqabuki |
| Class 6 | aqabuke | angaqabuki |
| Class 7 | siqabuke | singaqabuki |
| Class 8 | ziqabuke | zingaqabuki |
| Class 9 | iqabuke | ingaqabuki |
| Class 10 | ziqabuke | zingaqabuki |
| Class 11 | luqabuke | lungaqabuki |
| Class 14 | buqabuke | bungaqabuki |
| Class 15 | kuqabuke | kungaqabuki |
| Class 17 | kuqabuke | kungaqabuki |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqabuka | ngangaqabuka, angaqabuka, angangaqabuka |
| 2nd singular | waqabuka | wangaqabuka, awaqabuka, awangaqabuka |
| 1st plural | saqabuka | sangaqabuka, asaqabuka, asangaqabuka |
| 2nd plural | naqabuka | nangaqabuka, anaqabuka, anangaqabuka |
| Class 1 | waqabuka | wangaqabuka, akaqabuka, akangaqabuka |
| Class 2 | baqabuka | bangaqabuka, abaqabuka, abangaqabuka |
| Class 3 | waqabuka | wangaqabuka, awaqabuka, awangaqabuka |
| Class 4 | yaqabuka | yangaqabuka, ayaqabuka, ayangaqabuka |
| Class 5 | laqabuka | langaqabuka, alaqabuka, alangaqabuka |
| Class 6 | aqabuka | angaqabuka, awaqabuka, awangaqabuka |
| Class 7 | saqabuka | sangaqabuka, asaqabuka, asangaqabuka |
| Class 8 | zaqabuka | zangaqabuka, azaqabuka, azangaqabuka |
| Class 9 | yaqabuka | yangaqabuka, ayaqabuka, ayangaqabuka |
| Class 10 | zaqabuka | zangaqabuka, azaqabuka, azangaqabuka |
| Class 11 | lwaqabuka | lwangaqabuka, alwaqabuka, alwangaqabuka |
| Class 14 | baqabuka | bangaqabuka, abaqabuka, abangaqabuka |
| Class 15 | kwaqabuka | kwangaqabuka, akwaqabuka, akwangaqabuka |
| Class 17 | kwaqabuka | kwangaqabuka, akwaqabuka, akwangaqabuka |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qaɓuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qaɓuka (3.2.9)”