# ⲱϣ
## Coptic
### Verb

ⲱϣ • (ōš) (nominal state (S, B) ⲉϣ-, (S, A, F) ⲁϣ–, pronominal state (S, B) ⲟϣ⸗, (L) ⲁϣ⸗, conjunct participle (B) ⲁϣ-)
* (intransitive, Sahidic, Bohairic, Akhmimic, Lycopolitan, Fayyumic) to announce, to sound, to call
* (intransitive, Sahidic, Bohairic, Akhmimic, Lycopolitan, Fayyumic) to read

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲱϣ ōš | imperative | affirmative | ⲱϣ ōš |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲱϣ, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲱϣ tm̄ōš, tm̄n̄ōš | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲱϣ m̄n̄ōš |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲱϣ tiōš | ⲕⲱϣ kōš | ⲧⲉⲱϣ teōš | ϥⲱϣ fōš | ⲥⲱϣ sōš | ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ tn̄ōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ tetn̄ōš | ⲥⲉⲱϣ seōš | ⲱϣ ōš |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ eïōš | ⲉⲕⲱϣ ekōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ ereōš | ⲉϥⲱϣ efōš | ⲉⲥⲱϣ esōš | ⲉⲛⲱϣ enōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etetn̄ōš | ⲉⲩⲱϣ euōš | ⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ e- ōš, ere- ōš |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲱϣ etiōš | ⲉⲧⲕⲱϣ etkōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ eteōš, etereōš | ⲉⲧϥⲱϣ etfōš | ⲉⲧⲥⲱϣ etsōš | ⲉⲧⲛⲱϣ etnōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etetn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ etouōš | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ ete- ōš, etere- ōš |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ naïōš | ⲛⲁⲕⲱϣ nakōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ nareōš | ⲛⲁϥⲱϣ nafōš | ⲛⲁⲥⲱϣ nasōš | ⲛⲁⲛⲱϣ nanōš | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ natetn̄ōš | ⲛⲁⲩⲱϣ nauōš | ⲛⲁ- ⲱϣ, ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ na- ōš, nare- ōš |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲱϣ aiōš | ⲁⲕⲱϣ akōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ areōš | ⲁϥⲱϣ afōš | ⲁⲥⲱϣ asōš | ⲁⲛⲱϣ anōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ aretenōš | ⲁⲩⲱϣ auōš | ⲁ- ⲱϣ, ⲁⲣ- ⲱϣ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ a- ōš, ar- ōš, are- ōš |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲱϣ tinaōš | ⲕⲛⲁⲱϣ knaōš | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ tenaōš | ϥⲛⲁⲱϣ fnaōš | ⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ snaōš | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϣ tn̄naōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϣ tetnaōš | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ senaōš | ⲛⲁⲱϣ naōš |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϣ eïnaōš | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϣ eknaōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ erenaōš | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϣ efnaōš | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ esnaōš | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ ennaōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϣ etetnaōš | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϣ eunaōš | ⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϣ e- naōš |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲱϣ etinaōš | ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⲱϣ etknaōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ etenaōš, eterenaōš | ⲉⲧϥⲛⲁⲱϣ etfnaōš | ⲉⲧⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ etsnaōš | ⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ etnnaōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϣ etetnaōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲱϣ etounaōš | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϣ ete- naōš |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϣ naïnaōš | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲁⲱϣ naknaōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ narenaōš | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲱϣ nafnaōš | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ nasnaōš | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ nannaōš | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϣ netetnaōš | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲱϣ naunaōš | ⲛⲁ- ⲛⲁⲱϣ na- naōš |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲱϣ ainaōš | ⲁⲕⲛⲁⲱϣ, ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϣ aknaōš, eknaōš | ⲁⲣⲁⲱϣ araōš | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲱϣ afnaōš | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ asnaōš | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ annaōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ aretennaōš | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲱϣ aunaōš | ⲁ- ⲛⲁⲱϣ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϣ a- naōš, are- naōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ aïōš | ⲁⲕⲱϣ akōš | ⲁⲣⲱϣ arōš | ⲁϥⲱϣ afōš | ⲁⲥⲱϣ asōš | ⲁⲛⲱϣ anōš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ atetn̄ōš | ⲁⲩⲱϣ auōš | ⲁ- ⲱϣ a- ōš |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϣ m̄piōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϣ m̄pk̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϣ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϣ m̄peōš, m̄pr̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϣ m̄pf̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϣ m̄ps̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϣ m̄pn̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ m̄petn̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ m̄pouōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ m̄pe- ōš |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ eaïōš | ⲉⲁⲕⲱϣ eakōš | ⲉⲁⲣⲱϣ earōš | ⲉⲁϥⲱϣ eafōš | ⲉⲁⲥⲱϣ easōš | ⲉⲁⲛⲱϣ eanōš | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ eatetn̄ōš | ⲉⲁⲩⲱϣ eauōš | ⲉⲁ- ⲱϣ ea- ōš |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϣ em̄piōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϣ em̄pk̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϣ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϣ em̄peōš, em̄pr̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϣ em̄pf̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϣ em̄ps̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϣ em̄pn̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ em̄petn̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ em̄pouōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ em̄pe- ōš |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ etaïōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲱϣ etakōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲱϣ etarōš | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲱϣ etafōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲱϣ etasōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲱϣ etanōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etatetn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲱϣ etauōš | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲱϣ eta- ōš |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϣ etem̄piōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϣ etem̄pk̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϣ etem̄peōš, etem̄pr̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϣ etem̄pf̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϣ etem̄ps̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϣ etem̄pn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etem̄petn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ etem̄pouōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ etem̄pe- ōš |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ neaïōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲱϣ neakōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲱϣ nearōš | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲱϣ neafōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱϣ neasōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲱϣ neanōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ neatetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲱϣ neauōš | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲱϣ nea- ōš |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϣ nem̄piōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϣ nem̄pk̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϣ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϣ nem̄peōš, nem̄pr̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϣ nem̄pf̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϣ nem̄ps̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϣ nem̄pn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ nem̄petn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ nem̄pouōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ nem̄pe- ōš |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ naïōš | ⲛⲁⲕⲱϣ nakōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲱϣ narōš | ⲛⲁϥⲱϣ nafōš | ⲛⲁⲥⲱϣ nasōš | ⲛⲁⲛⲱϣ nanōš | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ natetn̄ōš | ⲛⲁⲩⲱϣ nauōš | ⲛⲁ- ⲱϣ na- ōš |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ m̄patiōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ m̄patk̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ m̄pateōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ m̄patf̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ m̄pats̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ m̄patn̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ m̄patetn̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ m̄patouōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ m̄pate- ōš |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ em̄patiōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ em̄patk̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ em̄pateōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ em̄patf̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ em̄pats̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ em̄patn̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ em̄patetn̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ em̄patouōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ em̄pate- ōš |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ etem̄patiōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ etem̄patk̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ etem̄pateōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ etem̄patf̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ etem̄pats̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etem̄patn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etem̄patetn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ etem̄patouōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ etem̄pate- ōš |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ nem̄patiōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ nem̄patk̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ nem̄pateōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ nem̄patf̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ nem̄pats̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ nem̄patn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ nem̄patetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ nem̄patouōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ nem̄pate- ōš |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ xareïōš | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϣ xarekōš | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ xareōš | ⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ xarefōš | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ xaresōš | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϣ xarenōš | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ xaretetn̄ōš | ⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ xarouōš | ⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ xare- ōš |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ maïōš | ⲙⲁⲕⲱϣ makōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ mareōš | ⲙⲁϥⲱϣ mafōš | ⲙⲁⲥⲱϣ masōš | ⲙⲁⲛⲱϣ manōš | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ matetn̄ōš | ⲙⲁⲩⲱϣ mauōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲙⲁ- ⲱϣ mare- ōš, ma- ōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ exareïōš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϣ exarekōš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ exareōš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ exarefōš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ exaresōš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϣ exarenōš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ exaretetn̄ōš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ exarouōš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ exare- ōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ emaïōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲱϣ emakōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ emareōš | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲱϣ emafōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲱϣ emasōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲱϣ emanōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ ematetn̄ōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲱϣ emauōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲉⲙⲁ- ⲱϣ emare- ōš, ema- ōš |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ etexareïōš, etxareïōš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϣ etexarekōš, etxarekōš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ etexareōš, etxareōš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ etexarefōš, etxarefōš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ etexaresōš, etxaresōš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϣ etexarenōš, etxarenōš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etexaretetn̄ōš, etxaretetn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ etexarouōš, etxarouōš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ etexare- ōš, etxare- ōš |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ etemaïōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⲱϣ etemakōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ etemareōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⲱϣ etemafōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⲱϣ etemasōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⲱϣ etemanōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etematetn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⲱϣ etemauōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ- ⲱϣ etemare- ōš, etema- ōš |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ nexareïōš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϣ nexarekōš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ nexareōš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ nexarefōš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ nexaresōš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϣ nexarenōš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ nexaretetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ nexarouōš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ nexare- ōš |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ nemaïōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⲱϣ nemakōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ nemareōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⲱϣ nemafōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⲱϣ nemasōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⲱϣ nemanōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ nematetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⲱϣ nemauōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲛⲉⲙⲁ- ⲱϣ nemare- ōš, nema- ōš |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ amaïōš | ⲁⲙⲁⲕⲱϣ amakōš | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ amareōš | ⲁⲙⲁϥⲱϣ amafōš | ⲁⲙⲁⲥⲱϣ amasōš | ⲁⲙⲁⲛⲱϣ amanōš | ⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ amatetn̄ōš | ⲁⲙⲁⲩⲱϣ amauōš | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲙⲁ- ⲱϣ amare- ōš, ma- ōš |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲱϣ aïaōš | ⲁⲕⲁⲱϣ akaōš | ⲁⲣⲁⲱϣ araōš | ⲁϥⲁⲱϣ afaōš | ⲁⲥⲁⲱϣ asaōš | ⲁⲛⲁⲱϣ anaōš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϣ atetnaōš | ⲁⲩⲁⲱϣ auaōš | ⲁ- ⲱϣ a- ōš |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁⲱϣ, ⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ naōš, enaōš | ⲛⲉⲕⲱϣ, ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲱϣ nekōš, enekōš | ⲛⲉⲱϣ, ⲉⲛⲉⲱϣ neōš, eneōš | ⲛⲉϥⲱϣ, ⲉⲛⲉϥⲱϣ nefōš, enefōš | ⲛⲉⲥⲱϣ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱϣ nesōš, enesōš | ⲛⲉⲛⲱϣ, ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲱϣ nenōš, enenōš | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ netn̄ōš, enetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲩⲱϣ, ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲱϣ neuōš, eneuōš | ⲛⲉ- ⲱϣ ne- ōš |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲱϣ mariōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ marefōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ maresōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϣ marn̄ōš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ marouōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ mare- ōš |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϣ mn̄taōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ mn̄tf̄ōš | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ mn̄ts̄ōš | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ mn̄tn̄ōš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ mn̄touōš | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ mn̄te- ōš |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲱϣ taōš | ⲕⲱϣ kōš | ⲧⲉⲱϣ teōš | ϥⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧϥⲱϣ fōš, n̄tfōš | ⲥⲱϣ sōš | ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ tn̄ōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ tetn̄ōš | ⲥⲉⲱϣ, ⲥⲟⲩⲱϣ seōš, souōš | ⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ te- ōš |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϣ tariōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϣ tarekōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ tareōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ tarefōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ taresōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϣ tarn̄ōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ taretetn̄ōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ tarouōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ tare- ōš |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϣ n̄tariōš, tariōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϣ n̄tarekōš, tarekōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ n̄tareōš, tareōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ n̄tarefōš, tarefōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ n̄taresōš, taresōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϣ n̄tarn̄ōš, tarn̄ōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ n̄taretn̄ōš, taretn̄ōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ n̄tarouōš, tarouōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ n̄tare- ōš, tare- ōš |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲱϣ šatiōš | ϣⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ šatk̄ōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ šateōš | ϣⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ šatf̄ōš | ϣⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ šats̄ōš | ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ šatn̄ōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ šatetn̄ōš | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ šatouōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ šate- ōš |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁⲱϣ, ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲱϣ aïšaōš, eïšaōš | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲱϣ, ⲉⲕϣⲁⲱϣ akšaōš, ekšaōš | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲱϣ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲱϣ arešaōš, erešaōš | ⲁϥϣⲁⲱϣ, ⲉϥϣⲁⲱϣ afšaōš, efšaōš | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲱϣ, ⲉⲥϣⲁⲱϣ asšaōš, esšaōš | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲱϣ, ⲉⲛϣⲁⲱϣ anšaōš, enšaōš | ⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ ašatetn̄ōš, ešatetn̄ōš | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲱϣ, ⲉⲩϣⲁⲱϣ aušaōš, eušaōš | ⲁϣⲁ- ⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁ- ⲱϣ aša- ōš, eša- ōš |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ aïōš | ⲁⲕⲱϣ akōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ areōš | ⲁϥⲱϣ afōš | ⲁⲥⲱϣ asōš | ⲁⲛⲱϣ anōš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ atetn̄ōš | ⲁⲩⲱϣ auōš | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ are- ōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲱϣ ōš | imperative | affirmative | ⲱϣ ōš |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲱϣ štemōš | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲱϣ m̀perōš |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲱϣ tiōš | ⲕⲱϣ kōš | ⲧⲉⲱϣ teōš | ϥⲱϣ fōš | ⲥⲱϣ sōš | ⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ tenōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ tetenōš | ⲥⲉⲱϣ seōš | ⲱϣ ōš |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲱϣ eiōš | ⲉⲕⲱϣ ekōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ ereōš | ⲉϥⲱϣ efōš | ⲉⲥⲱϣ esōš | ⲉⲛⲱϣ enōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ eretenōš | ⲉⲩⲱϣ euōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ ere- ōš |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲱϣ etiōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲱϣ etekōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲱϣ eteōš | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲱϣ etefōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲱϣ etesōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etenōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etetenōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ etouōš | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ ete- ōš |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲱϣ naiōš | ⲛⲁⲕⲱϣ nakōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ nareōš | ⲛⲁϥⲱϣ nafōš | ⲛⲁⲥⲱϣ nasōš | ⲛⲁⲛⲱϣ nanōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ naretenōš | ⲛⲁⲩⲱϣ nauōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ nare- ōš |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲱϣ aiōš | ⲁⲕⲱϣ akōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ areōš | ⲁϥⲱϣ afōš | ⲁⲥⲱϣ asōš | ⲁⲛⲱϣ anōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ aretenōš | ⲁⲩⲱϣ auōš | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ are- ōš |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲱϣ tinaōš | ⲭⲛⲁⲱϣ khnaōš | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲱϣ teraōš | ϥⲛⲁⲱϣ fnaōš | ⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ snaōš | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ tennaōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ tetennaōš | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ senaōš | ⲛⲁⲱϣ naōš |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲱϣ einaōš | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲱϣ ekhnaōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ erenaōš | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϣ efnaōš | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ esnaōš | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ ennaōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ eretennaōš | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϣ eunaōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϣ ere- naōš |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲱϣ etinaōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲱϣ etekhnaōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ etenaōš | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϣ etefnaōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ etesnaōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ etennaōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ etetennaōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲱϣ etounaōš | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϣ ete- naōš |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲱϣ nainaōš | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲱϣ nakhnaōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ narenaōš | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲱϣ nafnaōš | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ nasnaōš | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ nannaōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ naretennaōš | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲱϣ naunaōš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϣ nare- naōš |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲱϣ ainaōš | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲱϣ akhnaōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ arenaōš | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲱϣ afnaōš | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ asnaōš | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ annaōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ aretennaōš | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲱϣ aunaōš | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϣ are- naōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲱϣ aiōš | ⲁⲕⲱϣ akōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ areōš | ⲁϥⲱϣ afōš | ⲁⲥⲱϣ asōš | ⲁⲛⲱϣ anōš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ atetenōš | ⲁⲩⲱϣ auōš | ⲁ- ⲱϣ a- ōš |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲱϣ m̀piōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲱϣ m̀pekōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲱϣ m̀peōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲱϣ m̀pefōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱϣ m̀pesōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲱϣ m̀penōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ m̀petenōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ m̀pouōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ m̀pe- ōš |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲱϣ eaiōš | ⲉⲁⲕⲱϣ eakōš | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ eareōš | ⲉⲁϥⲱϣ eafōš | ⲉⲁⲥⲱϣ easōš | ⲉⲁⲛⲱϣ eanōš | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ eatetenōš | ⲉⲁⲩⲱϣ eauōš | ⲉⲁ- ⲱϣ ea- ōš |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲱϣ em̀piōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲱϣ em̀pekōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲱϣ em̀peōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲱϣ em̀pefōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱϣ em̀pesōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲱϣ em̀penōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ em̀petenōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ em̀pouōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ em̀pe- ōš |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲱϣ etaiōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲱϣ etakōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ etareōš | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲱϣ etafōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲱϣ etasōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲱϣ etanōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etaretenōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲱϣ etauōš | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲱϣ eta- ōš |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲱϣ etm̀piōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲱϣ etm̀pekōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲱϣ etm̀peōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲱϣ etm̀pefōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱϣ etm̀pesōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲱϣ etm̀penōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etm̀petenōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ etm̀pouōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ etm̀pe- ōš |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲱϣ neaiōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲱϣ neakōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ neareōš | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲱϣ neafōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱϣ neasōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲱϣ neanōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ neatetenōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲱϣ neauōš | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲱϣ nea- ōš |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲱϣ nem̀piōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲱϣ nem̀pekōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲱϣ nem̀peōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲱϣ nem̀pefōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱϣ nem̀pesōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲱϣ nem̀penōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ nem̀petenōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ nem̀pouōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ nem̀pe- ōš |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲱϣ etaiōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲱϣ etakōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ etareōš | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲱϣ etafōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲱϣ etasōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲱϣ etanōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etaretenōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲱϣ etauōš | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲱϣ eta- ōš |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ m̀patiōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱϣ m̀patekōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ m̀pateōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲱϣ m̀patefōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱϣ m̀patesōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ m̀patenōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ m̀patetenōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ m̀patouōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ m̀pate- ōš |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ em̀patiōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱϣ em̀patekōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ em̀pateōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲱϣ em̀patefōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱϣ em̀patesōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ em̀patenōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ em̀patetenōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ em̀patouōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ em̀pate- ōš |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ etm̀patiōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱϣ etm̀patekōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ etm̀pateōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲱϣ etm̀patefōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱϣ etm̀patesōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etm̀patenōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etm̀patetenōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ etm̀patouōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ etm̀pate- ōš |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ nam̀patiōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱϣ nam̀patekōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ nam̀pateōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲱϣ nam̀patefōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱϣ nam̀patesōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ nam̀patenōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ nam̀patetenōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ nam̀patouōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ nam̀pate- ōš |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲱϣ šaiōš | ϣⲁⲕⲱϣ šakōš | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ šareōš | ϣⲁϥⲱϣ šafōš | ϣⲁⲥⲱϣ šasōš | ϣⲁⲛⲱϣ šanōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ šatetenōš | ϣⲁⲩⲱϣ šauōš | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ šare- ōš |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲱϣ m̀paiōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲱϣ m̀pakōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ m̀pareōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲱϣ m̀pafōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲱϣ m̀pasōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲱϣ m̀panōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ m̀paretenōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲱϣ m̀pauōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ m̀pare- ōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲱϣ ešaiōš | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϣ ešakōš | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ ešareōš | ⲉϣⲁϥⲱϣ ešafōš | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϣ ešasōš | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ ešanōš | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ ešatetenōš | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϣ ešauōš | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ ešare- ōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲱϣ em̀paiōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲱϣ em̀pakōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ em̀pareōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲱϣ em̀pafōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲱϣ em̀pasōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲱϣ em̀panōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ em̀paretenōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲱϣ em̀pauōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ em̀pare- ōš |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲱϣ etšaiōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲱϣ etšakōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ etšareōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲱϣ etšafōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲱϣ etšasōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲱϣ etšanōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etšatetenōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲱϣ etšauōš | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ etšare- ōš |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲱϣ etm̀paiōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲱϣ etm̀pakōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ etm̀pareōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲱϣ etm̀pafōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲱϣ etm̀pasōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲱϣ etm̀panōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etm̀paretenōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲱϣ etm̀pauōš | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ etm̀pare- ōš |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲱϣ našaiōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲱϣ našakōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ našareōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲱϣ našafōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲱϣ našasōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲱϣ našanōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ našatetenōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲱϣ našauōš | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ našare- ōš |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲱϣ nam̀paiōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲱϣ nam̀pakōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ nam̀pareōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲱϣ nam̀pafōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲱϣ nam̀pasōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲱϣ nam̀panōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ nam̀paretenōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲱϣ nam̀pauōš | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ nam̀pare- ōš |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲱϣ em̀paiōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲱϣ em̀pakōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ em̀pareōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲱϣ em̀pafōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲱϣ em̀pasōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲱϣ em̀panōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ em̀paretenōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲱϣ em̀pauōš | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ em̀pare- ōš |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲱϣ eieōš | ⲉⲕⲉⲱϣ ekeōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ ereōš | ⲉϥⲉⲱϣ efeōš | ⲉⲥⲉⲱϣ eseōš | ⲉⲛⲉⲱϣ eneōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲱϣ ereteneōš | ⲉⲩⲉⲱϣ eueōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ ere- ōš |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲱϣ ǹnaōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲱϣ ǹnekōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲱϣ ǹneōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲱϣ ǹnefōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲱϣ ǹnesōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲱϣ ǹnenōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ ǹnetenōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲱϣ ǹnouōš | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲱϣ ǹne- ōš |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲱϣ mariōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ marefōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ maresōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϣ marenōš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ marouōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ mare- ōš |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲱϣ m̀penthriōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲱϣ m̀penthrefōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ m̀penthresōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲱϣ m̀penthrenōš | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲱϣ m̀penthreuōš | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ m̀penthre- ōš |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲱϣ ǹtaōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲱϣ ǹtekōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲱϣ ǹteōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲱϣ ǹtefōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲱϣ ǹtesōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ ǹtenōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ ǹtetenōš | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲱϣ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ ǹseōš, ǹtouōš | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ ǹte- ōš |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϣ tariōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϣ tarekōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ tareōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ tarefōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ taresōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϣ tarenōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ taretenōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ tarouōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ tare- ōš |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲱϣ šatiōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱϣ šatekōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ šateōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲱϣ šatefōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱϣ šatesōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ šatenōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ šatetenōš | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ šatouōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ šate- ōš |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲱϣ aišanōš | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲱϣ akšanōš | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ arešanōš | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲱϣ afšanōš | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲱϣ asšanōš | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲱϣ anšanōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲱϣ aretenšanōš | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲱϣ aušanōš | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲱϣ arešan- ōš |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲱϣ aiōš | ⲁⲕⲱϣ akōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ areōš | ⲁϥⲱϣ afōš | ⲁⲥⲱϣ asōš | ⲁⲛⲱϣ anōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ aretenōš | ⲁⲩⲱϣ auōš | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ are- ōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲱϣ ōš | imperative | affirmative | ⲱϣ ōš |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲱϣ štemōš | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲱϣ, ⲡⲉⲗⲱϣ mpelōš, pelōš |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲱϣ tiōš | ⲕⲱϣ kōš | ⲧⲉⲱϣ teōš | ϥⲱϣ fōš | ⲥⲱϣ sōš | ⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ tenōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ tetenōš | ⲥⲉⲱϣ seōš | ⲱϣ ōš |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲱϣ eiōš | ⲉⲕⲱϣ ekōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲱϣ eleōš | ⲉϥⲱϣ efōš | ⲉⲥⲱϣ esōš | ⲉⲛⲱϣ enōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ eletenōš | ⲉⲩⲱϣ euōš | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ ele- ōš |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲱϣ etiōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲱϣ etekōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲱϣ eteōš | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲱϣ etefōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲱϣ etesōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etenōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etetenōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ etouōš | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ ete- ōš, etele- ōš |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲱϣ naiōš | ⲛⲁⲕⲱϣ nakōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲱϣ naleōš | ⲛⲁϥⲱϣ nafōš | ⲛⲁⲥⲱϣ nasōš | ⲛⲁⲛⲱϣ nanōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ naletenōš | ⲛⲁⲩⲱϣ nauōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ nale- ōš |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲱϣ aiōš | ⲁⲕⲱϣ akōš | ⲁⲗⲉⲱϣ aleōš | ⲁϥⲱϣ afōš | ⲁⲥⲱϣ asōš | ⲁⲛⲱϣ anōš | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ aletenōš | ⲁⲩⲱϣ auōš | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ ale- ōš |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉⲱϣ tineōš | ⲕⲛⲉⲱϣ kneōš | ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲱϣ teneōš | ϥⲛⲉⲱϣ fneōš | ⲥⲛⲉⲱϣ sneōš | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱϣ tenneōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱϣ tetenneōš | ⲥⲉⲛⲉⲱϣ seneōš | ⲛⲉⲱϣ neōš |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉⲱϣ eineōš | ⲉⲕⲛⲉⲱϣ ekneōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲱϣ eleneōš | ⲉϥⲛⲉⲱϣ efneōš | ⲉⲥⲛⲉⲱϣ esneōš | ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱϣ enneōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱϣ eletenneōš | ⲉⲩⲛⲉⲱϣ euneōš | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲱϣ ele- neōš |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉⲱϣ etineōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲱϣ etekneōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲱϣ eteneōš | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲱϣ etefneōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲱϣ etesneōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱϣ etenneōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱϣ etetenneōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲱϣ etouneōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲱϣ etele- neōš |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉⲱϣ naineōš | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉⲱϣ nakneōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲱϣ naleneōš | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉⲱϣ nafneōš | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉⲱϣ nasneōš | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉⲱϣ nanneōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱϣ naletenneōš | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉⲱϣ nauneōš | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲱϣ nale- neōš |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉⲱϣ aineōš | ⲁⲕⲛⲉⲱϣ akneōš | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲱϣ aleneōš | ⲁϥⲛⲉⲱϣ afneōš | ⲁⲥⲛⲉⲱϣ asneōš | ⲁⲛⲛⲉⲱϣ anneōš | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱϣ aletenneōš | ⲁⲩⲛⲉⲱϣ auneōš | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲱϣ ale- neōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲱϣ aiōš | ⲁⲕⲱϣ akōš | ⲁⲗⲉⲱϣ aleōš | ⲁϥⲱϣ afōš | ⲁⲥⲱϣ asōš | ⲁⲛⲱϣ anōš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ atetenōš | ⲁⲩⲱϣ auōš | ⲁ- ⲱϣ a- ōš |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓⲱϣ mpiōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱϣ mpekōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲱϣ mpeōš | ⲙⲡⲉϥⲱϣ mpefōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲱϣ mpesōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲱϣ mpenōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ mpetenōš | ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ mpouōš | ⲙⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ mpe- ōš |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲱϣ eaiōš | ⲉⲁⲕⲱϣ eakōš | ⲉⲁⲗⲉⲱϣ ealeōš | ⲉⲁϥⲱϣ eafōš | ⲉⲁⲥⲱϣ easōš | ⲉⲁⲛⲱϣ eanōš | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ eatetenōš | ⲉⲁⲩⲱϣ eauōš | ⲉⲁ- ⲱϣ ea- ōš |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲱϣ empiōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱϣ empekōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲱϣ empeōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲱϣ empefōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲱϣ empesōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲱϣ empenōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ empetenōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ empouōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ empe- ōš |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲱϣ ntaiōš | ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲱϣ ntakōš | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲱϣ ntaleōš | ⲛⲧⲁϥⲱϣ ntafōš | ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲱϣ ntasōš | ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲱϣ ntanōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etaletenōš | ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲱϣ ntauōš | ⲛⲧⲁ- ⲱϣ nta- ōš |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓⲱϣ etempiōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱϣ etempekōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲱϣ etempeōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲱϣ etempefōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲱϣ etempesōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲱϣ etempenōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etempetenōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ etempouōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ etempe- ōš |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓⲱϣ nneaiōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕⲱϣ nneakōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉⲱϣ nnealeōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥⲱϣ nneafōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱϣ nneasōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛⲱϣ nneanōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ nneatetenōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩⲱϣ nneauōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ⲱϣ nnea- ōš |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲱϣ nnempiōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱϣ nnempekōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲱϣ nnempeōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲱϣ nnempefōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲱϣ nnempesōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲱϣ nnempenōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ nnempetenōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ nnempouōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ nnempe- ōš |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓⲱϣ aaiōš | ⲁⲁⲕⲱϣ aakōš | ⲁⲁⲗⲉⲱϣ aaleōš | ⲁⲁϥⲱϣ aafōš | ⲁⲁⲥⲱϣ aasōš | ⲁⲁⲛⲱϣ aanōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etaletenōš | ⲁⲁⲩⲱϣ aauōš | ⲁⲁ- ⲱϣ aa- ōš |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯⲱϣ mpatiōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱϣ mpatekōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ mpateōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲱϣ mpatefōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱϣ mpatesōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ mpatenōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ mpatetenōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ mpatouōš | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ mpate- ōš |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲱϣ empatiōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱϣ empatekōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ empateōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲱϣ empatefōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱϣ empatesōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ empatenōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ empatetenōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ empatouōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ empate- ōš |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲱϣ etempatiōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱϣ etempatekōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ etempateōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲱϣ etempatefōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱϣ etempatesōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etempatenōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etempatetenōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ etempatouōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ etempate- ōš |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲱϣ nnempatiōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱϣ nnempatekōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ nnempateōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲱϣ nnempatefōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱϣ nnempatesōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ nnempatenōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ nnempatetenōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ nnempatouōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ nnempate- ōš |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲱϣ šaiōš | ϣⲁⲕⲱϣ šakōš | ϣⲁⲗⲉⲱϣ šaleōš | ϣⲁϥⲱϣ šafōš | ϣⲁⲥⲱϣ šasōš | ϣⲁⲛⲱϣ šanōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ šatetenōš | ϣⲁⲩⲱϣ šauōš | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ šale- ōš |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓⲱϣ meiōš | ⲙⲉⲕⲱϣ mekōš | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲱϣ meleōš | ⲙⲉϥⲱϣ mefōš | ⲙⲉⲥⲱϣ mesōš | ⲙⲉⲛⲱϣ menōš | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ meletenōš | ⲙⲉⲩⲱϣ meuōš | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ mele- ōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲱϣ ešaiōš | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϣ ešakōš | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲱϣ ešaleōš | ⲉϣⲁϥⲱϣ ešafōš | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϣ ešasōš | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ ešanōš | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ ešatetenōš | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϣ ešauōš | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ ešale- ōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓⲱϣ emeiōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϣ emekōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲱϣ emeleōš | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϣ emefōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϣ emesōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϣ emenōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ emeletenōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϣ emeuōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ emele- ōš |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲓⲱϣ etešaiōš, nšaiōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲕⲱϣ etešakōš, nšakōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉⲱϣ etešaleōš, nšaleōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁϥⲱϣ etešafōš, nšafōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲥⲱϣ etešasōš, nšasōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲛⲱϣ etešanōš, nšanōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etešatetenōš, nšatetenōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲩⲱϣ etešauōš, nšauōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ etešale- ōš, nšale- ōš |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓⲱϣ etemeiōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϣ etemekōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲱϣ etemeleōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϣ etemefōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϣ etemesōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϣ etemenōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etemeletenōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϣ etemeuōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ etemele- ōš |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓⲱϣ nnešaiōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϣ nnešakōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲱϣ nnešaleōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲱϣ nnešafōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϣ nnešasōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ nnešanōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ nnešatetenōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϣ nnešauōš | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ nnešale- ōš |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓⲱϣ nnemeiōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϣ nnemekōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲱϣ nnemeleōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϣ nnemefōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϣ nnemesōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϣ nnemenōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ nnemeletenōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϣ nnemeuōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ nnemele- ōš |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓⲱϣ nmeiōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲕⲱϣ nmekōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲱϣ nmeleōš | ⲛⲙⲉϥⲱϣ nmefōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲥⲱϣ nmesōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲛⲱϣ nmenōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ nmeletenōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲩⲱϣ nmeuōš | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ nmele- ōš |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲱϣ eieōš | ⲉⲕⲉⲱϣ ekeōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲱϣ eleōš | ⲉϥⲉⲱϣ efeōš | ⲉⲥⲉⲱϣ eseōš | ⲉⲛⲉⲱϣ eneōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲱϣ eleteneōš | ⲉⲩⲉⲱϣ eueōš | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ ele- ōš |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ nnaōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲱϣ nnekōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲱϣ nneōš | ⲛⲛⲉϥⲱϣ nnefōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲱϣ nnesōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲱϣ nnenōš | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ nnetenōš | ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲱϣ nnouōš | ⲛⲛⲉ- ⲱϣ nne- ōš |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲱϣ maliōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥⲱϣ malefōš | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱϣ malesōš | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛⲱϣ malenōš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩⲱϣ malouōš | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ male- ōš |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓⲱϣ mpeltriōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥⲱϣ mpeltrefōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ mpeltresōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛⲱϣ mpeltrenōš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩⲱϣ mpeltreuōš | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ mpeltre- ōš |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲱϣ taōš, ntaōš | ⲛⲕⲱϣ nkōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲱϣ nteōš | ⲛϥⲱϣ nfōš | ⲛⲥⲱϣ nsōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ ntenōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ ntetenōš | ⲛⲥⲉⲱϣ nseōš | ⲛⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ nte- ōš |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓⲱϣ taliōš, ntaliōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱϣ talekōš, ntalekōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲱϣ taleōš, ntaleōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲱϣ talefōš, ntalefōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱϣ talesōš, ntalesōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲱϣ talenōš, ntalenōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ taletenōš, ntaletenōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲱϣ talouōš, ntalouōš | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ tale- ōš, ntale- ōš |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓⲱϣ nteliōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕⲱϣ ntelekōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲱϣ nteleōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥⲱϣ ntelefōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥⲱϣ ntelesōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛⲱϣ ntelenōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ nteletenōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩⲱϣ ntelouōš | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ ntele- ōš |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲱϣ šantiōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲱϣ šantekōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲱϣ šanteōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥⲱϣ šantefōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲱϣ šantesōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ šantenōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ šantetenōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ šantouōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ šante- ōš |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛⲱϣ eišanōš | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲱϣ ekšanōš | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ elešanōš | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲱϣ efšanōš | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲱϣ esšanōš | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲱϣ enšanōš | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲱϣ eletenšanōš | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲱϣ eušanōš | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲱϣ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ⲱϣ elešan- ōš, elšan- ōš |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲱϣ aiōš | ⲁⲕⲱϣ akōš | ⲁⲗⲉⲱϣ aleōš | ⲁϥⲱϣ afōš | ⲁⲥⲱϣ asōš | ⲁⲛⲱϣ anōš | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ aletenōš | ⲁⲩⲱϣ auōš | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱϣ ale- ōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲱϣ ōš | imperative | affirmative | ⲱϣ ōš |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲱϣ tm̄ōš | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛⲱϣ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϣ m̄nōš, m̄pr̄ōš |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲱϣ tiōš | ⲕⲱϣ kōš | ⲧⲉⲱϣ teōš | ϥⲱϣ fōš | ⲥⲱϣ sōš | ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ tn̄ōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ tetn̄ōš | ⲥⲉⲱϣ seōš | ⲱϣ ōš |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ eïōš | ⲉⲕⲱϣ ekōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ ereōš | ⲉϥⲱϣ efōš | ⲉⲥⲱϣ esōš | ⲉⲛⲱϣ enōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etetn̄ōš | ⲉⲩⲱϣ euōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ ere- ōš |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲱϣ etiōš | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲱϣ etk̄ōš, etekōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ eteōš, etereōš | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉϥⲱϣ etf̄ōš, etefōš | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲱϣ ets̄ōš, etesōš | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ etn̄ōš, etenōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etetn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ etouōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ etere- ōš, ete- ōš |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ neïōš | ⲛⲉⲕⲱϣ nekōš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ nereōš | ⲛⲉϥⲱϣ nefōš | ⲛⲉⲥⲱϣ nesōš | ⲛⲉⲛⲱϣ nenōš | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ netetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲩⲱϣ neuōš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ nere- ōš |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲱϣ tinaōš | ⲕⲛⲁⲱϣ knaōš | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ tenaōš | ϥⲛⲁⲱϣ fnaōš | ⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ snaōš | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϣ tn̄naōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϣ tetnaōš | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ senaōš | ⲛⲁⲱϣ naōš |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϣ eïnaōš | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϣ eknaōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ erenaōš | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϣ efnaōš | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ esnaōš | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ ennaōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϣ etetnaōš | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϣ eunaōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϣ ere- naōš |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲱϣ etinaōš | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲱϣ etk̄naōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ etenaōš, eterenaōš | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲱϣ etf̄naōš | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲱϣ ets̄naōš | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϣ etn̄naōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϣ etetnaōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲱϣ etounaōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϣ etere- naōš |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϣ neïnaōš | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϣ neknaōš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ nerenaōš | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϣ nefnaōš | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ nesnaōš | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ nennaōš | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϣ netetnaōš | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϣ neunaōš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϣ nere- naōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ aïōš | ⲁⲕⲱϣ akōš | ⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ areōš | ⲁϥⲱϣ afōš | ⲁⲥⲱϣ asōš | ⲁⲛⲱϣ anōš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ atetn̄ōš | ⲁⲩⲱϣ auōš | ⲁ- ⲱϣ a- ōš |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϣ m̄piōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϣ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲕⲱϣ m̄pk̄ōš, m̄pekōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϣ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϣ m̄peōš, m̄pr̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϣ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϥⲱϣ m̄pf̄ōš, m̄pefōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϣ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱϣ m̄ps̄ōš, m̄pesōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲱϣ m̄pn̄ōš, m̄penōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ m̄petn̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ m̄pouōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ m̄pe- ōš |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ eaïōš | ⲉⲁⲕⲱϣ eakōš | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ eareōš | ⲉⲁϥⲱϣ eafōš | ⲉⲁⲥⲱϣ easōš | ⲉⲁⲛⲱϣ eanōš | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ eatetn̄ōš | ⲉⲁⲩⲱϣ eauōš | ⲉⲁ- ⲱϣ ea- ōš |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲱϣ empiōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱϣ empk̄ōš, empekōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲱϣ, ⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ⲱϣ empeōš, empr̄ōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱϣ empk̄ōš, empekōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲱϣ emps̄ōš, empesōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲱϣ empn̄ōš, empenōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ empetn̄ōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ empouōš | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ empe- ōš |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ etaïōš, n̄taïōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲱϣ etakōš, n̄takōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϣⲱϣ etareōš, n̄taōšōš | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲱϣ etafōš, n̄tafōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱϣ etasōš, n̄tasōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲱϣ etanōš, n̄tanōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etatetn̄ōš, n̄tatetn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲱϣ etauōš, n̄tauōš | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲱϣ eta- ōš, n̄ta- ōš |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓⲱϣ etempiōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱϣ etempk̄ōš, etempekōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ⲱϣ etempeōš, etempr̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱϣ etempk̄ōš, etempekōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲱϣ etemps̄ōš, etempesōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲱϣ etempn̄ōš, etempenōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etempetn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ etempouōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ etempe- ōš |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ neaïōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲱϣ neakōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ neareōš | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲱϣ neafōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱϣ neasōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲱϣ neanōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ neatetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲱϣ neauōš | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲱϣ nea- ōš |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲱϣ nempiōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲱϣ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱϣ nempk̄ōš, nempekōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲱϣ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ⲱϣ nempeōš, nempr̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲱϣ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱϣ nempk̄ōš, nempekōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ⲱϣ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲱϣ nemps̄ōš, nempesōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲱϣ nempn̄ōš, nempenōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ nempetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ nempouōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ nempe- ōš |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ n̄taïōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲱϣ n̄takōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ n̄tareōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲱϣ n̄tafōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱϣ n̄tasōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲱϣ n̄tanōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ n̄tatetn̄ōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲱϣ n̄tauōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲱϣ n̄ta- ōš |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ m̄patiōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ m̄patk̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ m̄pateōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ m̄patf̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ m̄pats̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ m̄patn̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ m̄patetn̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ m̄patouōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ m̄pate- ōš |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ em̄patiōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ em̄patk̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ em̄pateōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ em̄patf̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ em̄pats̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ em̄patn̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ em̄patetn̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ em̄patouōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ em̄pate- ōš |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ etem̄patiōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ etem̄patk̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ etem̄pateōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ etem̄patf̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ etem̄pats̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etem̄patn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etem̄patetn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ etem̄patouōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ etem̄pate- ōš |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ nem̄patiōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ nem̄patk̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ nem̄pateōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ nem̄patf̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ nem̄pats̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ nem̄patn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ nem̄patetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ nem̄patouōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ nem̄pate- ōš |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ šaïōš | ϣⲁⲕⲱϣ šakōš | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ šareōš | ϣⲁϥⲱϣ šafōš | ϣⲁⲥⲱϣ šasōš | ϣⲁⲛⲱϣ šanōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ šatetn̄ōš | ϣⲁⲩⲱϣ šauōš | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ šare- ōš |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ maïōš | ⲙⲁⲕⲱϣ makōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ mareōš | ⲙⲁϥⲱϣ mafōš | ⲙⲁⲥⲱϣ masōš | ⲙⲁⲛⲱϣ manōš | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ matetn̄ōš | ⲙⲁⲩⲱϣ mauōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ mare- ōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ ešaïōš | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϣ ešakōš | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ ešareōš | ⲉϣⲁϥⲱϣ ešafōš | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϣ ešasōš | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ ešanōš | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ ešatetn̄ōš | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϣ ešauōš | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ ešare- ōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ emaïōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲱϣ emakōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ emareōš | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲱϣ emafōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲱϣ emasōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲱϣ emanōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ ematetn̄ōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲱϣ emauōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ emare- ōš |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ etešaïōš, ešaïōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϣ etešakōš, ešakōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ etešareōš, ešareōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲱϣ etešafōš, ešafōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϣ etešasōš, ešasōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ etešanōš, ešanōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etešatetn̄ōš, ešatetn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϣ etešauōš, ešauōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ etešare- ōš, ešare- ōš |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ etemaïōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⲱϣ etemakōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ etemareōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⲱϣ etemafōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⲱϣ etemasōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⲱϣ etemanōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etematetn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⲱϣ etemauōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ etemare- ōš |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ nešaïōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϣ nešakōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ nešareōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲱϣ nešafōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϣ nešasōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ nešanōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ nešatetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϣ nešauōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ nešare- ōš |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ nemaïōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⲱϣ nemakōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ nemareōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⲱϣ nemafōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⲱϣ nemasōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⲱϣ nemanōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ nematetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⲱϣ nemauōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ nemare- ōš |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ emaïōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲱϣ emakōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ emareōš | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲱϣ emafōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲱϣ emasōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲱϣ emanōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ ematetn̄ōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲱϣ emauōš | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ emare- ōš |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲱϣ eïaōš | ⲉⲕⲁⲱϣ ekaōš | ⲉⲣⲁⲱϣ eraōš | ⲉϥⲁⲱϣ efaōš | ⲉⲥⲁⲱϣ esaōš | ⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ enaōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϣ etetnaōš | ⲉⲩⲁⲱϣ euaōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ ere- ōš |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁⲱϣ naōš | ⲛⲉⲕⲱϣ nekōš | ⲛⲉⲱϣ neōš | ⲛⲉϥⲱϣ nefōš | ⲛⲉⲥⲱϣ nesōš | ⲛⲉⲛⲱϣ nenōš | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ netn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲩⲱϣ neuōš | ⲛⲉ- ⲱϣ ne- ōš |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲱϣ mariōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ marefōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ maresōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϣ marn̄ōš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ marouōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ mare- ōš |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲁⲱϣ m̄prtraōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉϥⲱϣ m̄prtrefōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ m̄prtresōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲛⲱϣ m̄prtrenōš | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲩⲱϣ m̄prtreuōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲱⲣⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ m̄pōrte- ōš |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϣ, ⲧⲁⲱϣ n̄taōš, taōš | ⲛ̄ⲅⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲱϣ, ⲕⲱϣ n̄gōš, n̄kōš, kōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲱϣ, ⲧⲉⲱϣ n̄teōš, teōš | ⲛ̄ϥⲱϣ, ϥⲱϣ n̄fōš, fōš | ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϣ, ⲥⲱϣ n̄sōš, sōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ n̄tn̄ōš, tn̄ōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ n̄tetn̄ōš, tetn̄ōš | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲱϣ, ⲥⲉⲱϣ n̄seōš, seōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ n̄te- ōš |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϣ tariōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϣ tarekōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ tareōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ tarefōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ taresōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϣ tarn̄ōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ taretn̄ōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ tarouōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ tare- ōš |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϣ n̄tariōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϣ n̄tarekōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ n̄tareōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ n̄tarefōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ n̄taresōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϣ n̄tarn̄ōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ n̄taretn̄ōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ n̄tarouōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ n̄tare- ōš |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲱϣ šantiōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲱϣ šantk̄ōš, šantekōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲱϣ šanteōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥⲱϣ šantf̄ōš, šantefōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲱϣ šants̄ōš, šantesōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲱϣ šantn̄ōš, šantenōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ šantetn̄ōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ šantouōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ šante- ōš |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲱϣ eïšanōš | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲱϣ ekšanōš | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲱϣ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ eršanōš, erešanōš | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲱϣ efšanōš | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲱϣ esšanōš | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲱϣ enšanōš | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ ešantetn̄ōš | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲱϣ eušanōš | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲉⲣϣⲁ- ⲱϣ ešante- ōš, erša- ōš |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ eïōš | ⲉⲕⲱϣ ekōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ ereōš | ⲉϥⲱϣ efōš | ⲉⲥⲱϣ esōš | ⲉⲛⲱϣ enōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etetn̄ōš | ⲉⲩⲱϣ euōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ ere- ōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲱϣ ōš | imperative | affirmative | ⲱϣ ōš |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲱϣ tm̄ōš | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϣ m̄pr̄ōš |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲱϣ tiōš | ⲕⲱϣ kōš | ⲧⲉⲱϣ teōš | ϥⲱϣ fōš | ⲥⲱϣ sōš | ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ tn̄ōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ tetn̄ōš | ⲥⲉⲱϣ seōš | ⲱϣ ōš |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ eïōš | ⲉⲕⲱϣ ekōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ ereōš | ⲉϥⲱϣ efōš | ⲉⲥⲱϣ esōš | ⲉⲛⲱϣ enōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etetn̄ōš | ⲉⲩⲱϣ euōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ ere- ōš |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲱϣ etiōš | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ etk̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ eteōš, etereōš | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ etf̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ ets̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etetn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ etouōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ etere- ōš |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ neïōš | ⲛⲉⲕⲱϣ nekōš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ nereōš | ⲛⲉϥⲱϣ nefōš | ⲛⲉⲥⲱϣ nesōš | ⲛⲉⲛⲱϣ nenōš | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ netetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲩⲱϣ neuōš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ nere- ōš |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲱϣ tinaōš | ⲕⲛⲁⲱϣ knaōš | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ tenaōš | ϥⲛⲁⲱϣ fnaōš | ⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ snaōš | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϣ tn̄naōš | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϣ tetnaōš | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ senaōš | ⲛⲁⲱϣ naōš |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϣ eïnaōš | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϣ eknaōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ erenaōš | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϣ efnaōš | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ esnaōš | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ ennaōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϣ etetnaōš | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϣ eunaōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϣ ere- naōš |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲱϣ etinaōš | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲱϣ etk̄naōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ etenaōš, eterenaōš | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲱϣ etf̄naōš | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲱϣ ets̄naōš | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϣ etn̄naōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϣ etetnaōš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲱϣ etounaōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϣ etere- naōš |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϣ neïnaōš | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϣ neknaōš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϣ nerenaōš | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϣ nefnaōš | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϣ nesnaōš | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϣ nennaōš | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϣ netetnaōš | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϣ neunaōš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϣ nere- naōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ aïōš | ⲁⲕⲱϣ akōš | ⲁⲱϣ, ⲁⲣⲱϣ, ⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ aōš, arōš, areōš | ⲁϥⲱϣ afōš | ⲁⲥⲱϣ asōš | ⲁⲛⲱϣ anōš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ atetn̄ōš | ⲁⲩⲱϣ auōš | ⲁ- ⲱϣ a- ōš |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϣ m̄piōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϣ m̄pk̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϣ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϣ m̄peōš, m̄pr̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϣ m̄pf̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϣ m̄ps̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϣ m̄pn̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ m̄petn̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ m̄pouōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ m̄pe- ōš |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ eaïōš | ⲉⲁⲕⲱϣ eakōš | ⲉⲁⲱϣ, ⲉⲁⲣⲱϣ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ eaōš, earōš, eareōš | ⲉⲁϥⲱϣ eafōš | ⲉⲁⲥⲱϣ easōš | ⲉⲁⲛⲱϣ eanōš | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ eatetn̄ōš | ⲉⲁⲩⲱϣ eauōš | ⲉⲁ- ⲱϣ ea- ōš |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϣ em̄piōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϣ em̄pk̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϣ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϣ em̄peōš, em̄pr̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϣ em̄pf̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϣ em̄ps̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϣ em̄pn̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ em̄petn̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ em̄pouōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ em̄pe- ōš |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ entaïōš, n̄taïōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲱϣ entakōš, n̄takōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϣ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲱϣ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ entaōš, n̄taōš, entarōš, n̄tarōš, entareōš, n̄tareōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲱϣ entafōš, n̄tafōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱϣ entasōš, n̄tasōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲱϣ entanōš, n̄tanōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ entatetn̄ōš, n̄tatetn̄ōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲱϣ entauōš, n̄tauōš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲱϣ enta- ōš, n̄ta- ōš |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϣ etem̄piōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϣ etem̄pk̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϣ etem̄peōš, etem̄pr̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϣ etem̄pf̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϣ etem̄ps̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϣ etem̄pn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etem̄petn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ etem̄pouōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ etem̄pe- ōš |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ neaïōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲱϣ neakōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲱϣ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲱϣ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ neaōš, nearōš, neareōš | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲱϣ neafōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱϣ neasōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲱϣ neanōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ neatetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲱϣ neauōš | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲱϣ nea- ōš |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϣ nem̄piōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϣ nem̄pk̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϣ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϣ nem̄peōš, nem̄pr̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϣ nem̄pf̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϣ nem̄ps̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϣ nem̄pn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ nem̄petn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ nem̄pouōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϣ nem̄pe- ōš |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ n̄taïōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲱϣ n̄takōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ n̄taōš, n̄tarōš, n̄tareōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲱϣ n̄tafōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱϣ n̄tasōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲱϣ n̄tanōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ n̄tatetn̄ōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲱϣ n̄tauōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲱϣ n̄ta- ōš |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ m̄patiōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ m̄patk̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ m̄pateōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ m̄patf̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ m̄pats̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ m̄patn̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ m̄patetn̄ōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ m̄patouōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ m̄pate- ōš |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ em̄patiōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ em̄patk̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ em̄pateōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ em̄patf̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ em̄pats̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ em̄patn̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ em̄patetn̄ōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ em̄patouōš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ em̄pate- ōš |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ etem̄patiōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ etem̄patk̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ etem̄pateōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ etem̄patf̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ etem̄pats̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etem̄patn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etem̄patetn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ etem̄patouōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ etem̄pate- ōš |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϣ nem̄patiōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ nem̄patk̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϣ nem̄pateōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ nem̄patf̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ nem̄pats̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ nem̄patn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ nem̄patetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ nem̄patouōš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ nem̄pate- ōš |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ šaïōš | ϣⲁⲕⲱϣ šakōš | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ šareōš | ϣⲁϥⲱϣ šafōš | ϣⲁⲥⲱϣ šasōš | ϣⲁⲛⲱϣ šanōš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ šatetn̄ōš | ϣⲁⲩⲱϣ šauōš | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ šare- ōš |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ meïōš | ⲙⲉⲕⲱϣ mekōš | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ mereōš | ⲙⲉϥⲱϣ mefōš | ⲙⲉⲥⲱϣ mesōš | ⲙⲉⲛⲱϣ menōš | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ metetn̄ōš | ⲙⲉⲩⲱϣ meuōš | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ mere- ōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ ešaïōš | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϣ ešakōš | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ ešareōš | ⲉϣⲁϥⲱϣ ešafōš | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϣ ešasōš | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ ešanōš | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ ešatetn̄ōš | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϣ ešauōš | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ ešare- ōš |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ emeïōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϣ emekōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ emereōš | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϣ emefōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϣ emesōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϣ emenōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ emetetn̄ōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϣ emeuōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ emere- ōš |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ etešaïōš, ešaïōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϣ etešakōš, ešakōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ etešareōš, ešareōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲱϣ etešafōš, ešafōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϣ etešasōš, ešasōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ etešanōš, ešanōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etešatetn̄ōš, ešatetn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϣ etešauōš, ešauōš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ etešare- ōš, ešare- ōš |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ etemeïōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϣ etemekōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ etemereōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϣ etemefōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϣ etemesōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϣ etemenōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etemetetn̄ōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϣ etemeuōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ etemere- ōš |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϣ nešaïōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϣ nešakōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ nešareōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲱϣ nešafōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϣ nešasōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ nešanōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ nešatetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϣ nešauōš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ nešare- ōš |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ nemeïōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϣ nemekōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ nemereōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϣ nemefōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϣ nemesōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϣ nemenōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ nemetetn̄ōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϣ nemeuōš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ nemere- ōš |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ emeïōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϣ emekōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ emereōš | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϣ emefōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϣ emesōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϣ emenōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ emetetn̄ōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϣ emeuōš | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ emere- ōš |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲱϣ eïeōš | ⲉⲕⲉⲱϣ ekeōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ ereōš | ⲉϥⲉⲱϣ efeōš | ⲉⲥⲉⲱϣ eseōš | ⲉⲛⲉⲱϣ eneōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲱϣ etetneōš | ⲉⲩⲉⲱϣ eueōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ ere- ōš |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϣ n̄naōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲱϣ n̄nekōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲱϣ n̄neōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲱϣ n̄nefōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲱϣ n̄nesōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲱϣ n̄nenōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ n̄netn̄ōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲱϣ n̄neuōš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲱϣ n̄ne- ōš |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲱϣ mariōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ marefōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ maresōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϣ marn̄ōš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ marouōš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ mare- ōš |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲱϣ m̄pr̄traōš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲱϣ m̄pr̄trefōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ m̄pr̄tresōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲱϣ m̄pr̄trenōš | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲱϣ m̄pr̄treuōš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ m̄pr̄tre- ōš |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϣ, ⲧⲁⲱϣ n̄taōš, taōš | ⲛ̄ⲅⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲱϣ n̄gōš, n̄kōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲱϣ n̄teōš | ⲛ̄ϥⲱϣ n̄fōš | ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϣ n̄sōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ n̄tn̄ōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ n̄tetn̄ōš | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲱϣ n̄seōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ n̄te- ōš |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϣ tariōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϣ tarekōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϣ tareōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϣ tarefōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ taresōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϣ tarn̄ōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ taretn̄ōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ tarouōš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ tare- ōš |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲱϣ n̄teriōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲱϣ n̄terekōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲱϣ n̄tereōš, n̄tererōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲱϣ n̄terefōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϣ n̄teresōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲱϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲱϣ n̄tern̄ōš, n̄terenōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ n̄teretn̄ōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ n̄terouōš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ n̄tere- ōš |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲱϣ šantiōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲱϣ šantk̄ōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲱϣ šanteōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲱϣ šantf̄ōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲱϣ šants̄ōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ šantn̄ōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ šantetn̄ōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲱϣ šantouōš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲱϣ šante- ōš |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲱϣ eïšanōš | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲱϣ ekšanōš | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲱϣ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϣ eršanōš, erešanōš | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲱϣ efšanōš | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲱϣ esšanōš | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲱϣ enšanōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲱϣ etetn̄šanōš | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲱϣ eušanōš | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲱϣ eršan- ōš |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϣ eïōš | ⲉⲕⲱϣ ekōš | ⲉⲣⲉⲱϣ ereōš | ⲉϥⲱϣ efōš | ⲉⲥⲱϣ esōš | ⲉⲛⲱϣ enōš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϣ etetn̄ōš | ⲉⲩⲱϣ euōš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϣ ere- ōš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### Noun

ⲱϣ • (ōš) m
* (Sahidic, Bohairic) reading, lesson

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 231