# 安寧
## Chinese

* 安寧 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 安寧 (Cantonese)
* An-lêng-chhī (Southern Min)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ānníng
    (Zhuyin): ㄢ ㄋㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): on$^1$ ning$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ôn-nèn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): an-lêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ang$^1$ lêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$oe-gnin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ānníng
*** Zhuyin: ㄢ ㄋㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: anníng
*** Wade–Giles: an$^1$-ning$^2$
*** Yale: ān-níng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: anning
*** Palladius: аньнин (anʹnin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀän⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: on$^1$ ning$^4$
*** Yale: ōn nìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: on$^1$ ning$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: on$^1$ ning$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔːn⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ôn-nèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: on$^ˊ$ nen$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: on$^1$ nen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /on²⁴ nen¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: an-lêng
*** Tâi-lô: an-lîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: anleeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /an³³ liɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ang$^1$ lêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ang lêng
*** Sinological IPA : /aŋ³³⁻²³ leŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$oe-gnin
*** MiniDict: oe$^平$ nyin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$oe-nyin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ø⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/
* Middle Chinese: 'an neng
Rime :
| Character | 安 | 寧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | IV |
| Fanqie | 烏寒切 | 奴丁切 |
| Baxter | 'an | neng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɑn/ | /neŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɑn/ | /neŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɑn/ | /nɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔan/ | /nɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔɑn/ | /neŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɑn/ | /nieŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔɑn/ | /nieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ān | níng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | on$^1$ | ning$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]ˤa[n] nˤeŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qaːn neːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 安 | 寧 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | ān | níng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ 'an › | ‹ neng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/ | /*nˁeŋ/ |
| English | peace(ful) | peace |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 安 | 寧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11 | 9556 |
| Phonetic component | 安 | 寧 |
| Rime group | 元 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 安 | 寧 |
| Old Chinese | /*qaːn/ | /*neːŋ/ |

### Adjective

安寧
* (of a location, person's emotional state, etc.) peaceful; tranquil; calm; composed; free from worry
       Fángkè rúguǒ zhìzào zàoyīn ér yǐngxiǎng ānníng, zěnmebàn? [Pinyin]
       What do you do if tenants create noise and affect the (area’s) tranquility?
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Yuàn tiānxià zhī ānníng, yǐ huó mín mìng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* 太平 (tàipíng)
* 安全 (ānquán)
* 安好 (ānhǎo) (chiefly in phatic expressions)
* 安平 (ānpíng)
* 安然 (ānrán)
* 平安 (píng'ān)
* 承平 (chéngpíng) (literary)

#### Antonyms

* (regional) 鬧熱／闹热 (nàorè)
* 熱鬧／热闹 (rènao)
* 喧鬧 (xuānnào)

#### Derived terms

* 安寧療護／安宁疗护 (ānníng liáohù)

#### Related terms

* 安定 (āndìng)
* 安詳／安详 (ānxiáng)
* 幽靜／幽静 (yōujìng)

### Proper noun

安寧
* (～河) Anning (a river in Sichuan, China)
* (～市) Anning (a county-level city in Kunming, Yunnan, China)
* (～區) Anning (a district of Lanzhou, Gansu, China)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 安寧(あんねい) (annei)
* → Korean: 안녕(安寧) (annyeong)
* → Vietnamese: an ninh (安寧)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 安 | 寧 |
| あん Grade: 3 | ねい Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 安寧 (MC 'an neng).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あんねー [àńnéé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ã̠nːe̞ː]

### Noun

安(あん)寧(ねい) • (annei)
* peacefulness, tranquillity

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 安 | 寧 |

### Noun

安寧 • (annyeong) (hangeul 안녕)
* hanja form of 안녕 (“peace, tranquility; wellness”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 安 | 寧 |

### Noun

安寧
* chữ Hán form of an ninh (“security”).

### Adjective

安寧
* chữ Hán form of an ninh (“secure”).