# xwaya
## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-xwaya$^?$
* (transitive) to put on

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǁgoa (“threaten, warn, provoke”).

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǁwáːja/

### Verb

-xwáya
* (intransitive) to be alert, to be cautious, to be careful, to be safe, to be watchful
* (transitive) to beware of, to watch out for

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuxwaya |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuxwaya | ukungaxwayi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | xwaya | -xwaye |
| Plural | xwayani | -xwayeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaxwaya, ngixwaya | engixwayayo, engixwaya | ngixwaya | angixwayi | engingaxwayi | ngingaxwayi |
| 2nd singular | uyaxwaya, uxwaya | oxwayayo, oxwaya | uxwaya | awuxwayi | ongaxwayi | ungaxwayi |
| 1st plural | siyaxwaya, sixwaya | esixwayayo, esixwaya | sixwaya | asixwayi | esingaxwayi | singaxwayi |
| 2nd plural | niyaxwaya, nixwaya | enixwayayo, enixwaya | nixwaya | anixwayi | eningaxwayi | ningaxwayi |
| Class 1 | uyaxwaya, uxwaya | oxwayayo, oxwaya | exwaya | akaxwayi | ongaxwayi | engaxwayi |
| Class 2 | bayaxwaya, baxwaya | abaxwayayo, abaxwaya | bexwaya | abaxwayi | abangaxwayi | bengaxwayi |
| Class 3 | uyaxwaya, uxwaya | oxwayayo, oxwaya | uxwaya | awuxwayi | ongaxwayi | ungaxwayi |
| Class 4 | iyaxwaya, ixwaya | exwayayo, exwaya | ixwaya | ayixwayi | engaxwayi | ingaxwayi |
| Class 5 | liyaxwaya, lixwaya | elixwayayo, elixwaya | lixwaya | alixwayi | elingaxwayi | lingaxwayi |
| Class 6 | ayaxwaya, axwaya | axwayayo, axwaya | exwaya | awaxwayi | angaxwayi | engaxwayi |
| Class 7 | siyaxwaya, sixwaya | esixwayayo, esixwaya | sixwaya | asixwayi | esingaxwayi | singaxwayi |
| Class 8 | ziyaxwaya, zixwaya | ezixwayayo, ezixwaya | zixwaya | azixwayi | ezingaxwayi | zingaxwayi |
| Class 9 | iyaxwaya, ixwaya | exwayayo, exwaya | ixwaya | ayixwayi | engaxwayi | ingaxwayi |
| Class 10 | ziyaxwaya, zixwaya | ezixwayayo, ezixwaya | zixwaya | azixwayi | ezingaxwayi | zingaxwayi |
| Class 11 | luyaxwaya, luxwaya | oluxwayayo, oluxwaya | luxwaya | aluxwayi | olungaxwayi | lungaxwayi |
| Class 14 | buyaxwaya, buxwaya | obuxwayayo, obuxwaya | buxwaya | abuxwayi | obungaxwayi | bungaxwayi |
| Class 15 | kuyaxwaya, kuxwaya | okuxwayayo, okuxwaya | kuxwaya | akuxwayi | okungaxwayi | kungaxwayi |
| Class 17 | kuyaxwaya, kuxwaya | okuxwayayo, okuxwaya | kuxwaya | akuxwayi | okungaxwayi | kungaxwayi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngixwayile, ngixwayē | engixwayile, engixwayē | ngixwayile, ngixwayē | angixwayanga | engingaxwayanga | ngingaxwayanga |
| 2nd singular | uxwayile, uxwayē | oxwayile, oxwayē | uxwayile, uxwayē | awuxwayanga | ongaxwayanga | ungaxwayanga |
| 1st plural | sixwayile, sixwayē | esixwayile, esixwayē | sixwayile, sixwayē | asixwayanga | esingaxwayanga | singaxwayanga |
| 2nd plural | nixwayile, nixwayē | enixwayile, enixwayē | nixwayile, nixwayē | anixwayanga | eningaxwayanga | ningaxwayanga |
| Class 1 | uxwayile, uxwayē | oxwayile, oxwayē | exwayile, exwayē | akaxwayanga | ongaxwayanga | engaxwayanga |
| Class 2 | baxwayile, baxwayē | abaxwayile, abaxwayē | bexwayile, bexwayē | abaxwayanga | abangaxwayanga | bengaxwayanga |
| Class 3 | uxwayile, uxwayē | oxwayile, oxwayē | uxwayile, uxwayē | awuxwayanga | ongaxwayanga | ungaxwayanga |
| Class 4 | ixwayile, ixwayē | exwayile, exwayē | ixwayile, ixwayē | ayixwayanga | engaxwayanga | ingaxwayanga |
| Class 5 | lixwayile, lixwayē | elixwayile, elixwayē | lixwayile, lixwayē | alixwayanga | elingaxwayanga | lingaxwayanga |
| Class 6 | axwayile, axwayē | axwayile, axwayē | exwayile, exwayē | awaxwayanga | angaxwayanga | engaxwayanga |
| Class 7 | sixwayile, sixwayē | esixwayile, esixwayē | sixwayile, sixwayē | asixwayanga | esingaxwayanga | singaxwayanga |
| Class 8 | zixwayile, zixwayē | ezixwayile, ezixwayē | zixwayile, zixwayē | azixwayanga | ezingaxwayanga | zingaxwayanga |
| Class 9 | ixwayile, ixwayē | exwayile, exwayē | ixwayile, ixwayē | ayixwayanga | engaxwayanga | ingaxwayanga |
| Class 10 | zixwayile, zixwayē | ezixwayile, ezixwayē | zixwayile, zixwayē | azixwayanga | ezingaxwayanga | zingaxwayanga |
| Class 11 | luxwayile, luxwayē | oluxwayile, oluxwayē | luxwayile, luxwayē | aluxwayanga | olungaxwayanga | lungaxwayanga |
| Class 14 | buxwayile, buxwayē | obuxwayile, obuxwayē | buxwayile, buxwayē | abuxwayanga | obungaxwayanga | bungaxwayanga |
| Class 15 | kuxwayile, kuxwayē | okuxwayile, okuxwayē | kuxwayile, kuxwayē | akuxwayanga | okungaxwayanga | kungaxwayanga |
| Class 17 | kuxwayile, kuxwayē | okuxwayile, okuxwayē | kuxwayile, kuxwayē | akuxwayanga | okungaxwayanga | kungaxwayanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāxwaya | engāxwaya | ngāxwaya | angixwayanga | engingaxwayanga | ngingaxwayanga |
| 2nd singular | wāxwaya | owāxwaya | wāxwaya | awuxwayanga | ongaxwayanga | ungaxwayanga |
| 1st plural | sāxwaya | esāxwaya | sāxwaya | asixwayanga | esingaxwayanga | singaxwayanga |
| 2nd plural | nāxwaya | enāxwaya | nāxwaya | anixwayanga | eningaxwayanga | ningaxwayanga |
| Class 1 | wāxwaya | owāxwaya | āxwaya | akaxwayanga | ongaxwayanga | engaxwayanga |
| Class 2 | bāxwaya | abāxwaya | bāxwaya | abaxwayanga | abangaxwayanga | bengaxwayanga |
| Class 3 | wāxwaya | owāxwaya | wāxwaya | awuxwayanga | ongaxwayanga | ungaxwayanga |
| Class 4 | yāxwaya | eyāxwaya | yāxwaya | ayixwayanga | engaxwayanga | ingaxwayanga |
| Class 5 | lāxwaya | elāxwaya | lāxwaya | alixwayanga | elingaxwayanga | lingaxwayanga |
| Class 6 | āxwaya | āxwaya | āxwaya | awaxwayanga | angaxwayanga | engaxwayanga |
| Class 7 | sāxwaya | esāxwaya | sāxwaya | asixwayanga | esingaxwayanga | singaxwayanga |
| Class 8 | zāxwaya | ezāxwaya | zāxwaya | azixwayanga | ezingaxwayanga | zingaxwayanga |
| Class 9 | yāxwaya | eyāxwaya | yāxwaya | ayixwayanga | engaxwayanga | ingaxwayanga |
| Class 10 | zāxwaya | ezāxwaya | zāxwaya | azixwayanga | ezingaxwayanga | zingaxwayanga |
| Class 11 | lwāxwaya | olwāxwaya | lwāxwaya | aluxwayanga | olungaxwayanga | lungaxwayanga |
| Class 14 | bāxwaya | obāxwaya | bāxwaya | abuxwayanga | obungaxwayanga | bungaxwayanga |
| Class 15 | kwāxwaya | okwāxwaya | kwāxwaya | akuxwayanga | okungaxwayanga | kungaxwayanga |
| Class 17 | kwāxwaya | okwāxwaya | kwāxwaya | akuxwayanga | okungaxwayanga | kungaxwayanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaxwaya | — | ngingaxwaya | ngingexwaye | — | ngingexwaye |
| 2nd singular | ungaxwaya | — | ungaxwaya | ungexwaye | — | ungexwaye |
| 1st plural | singaxwaya | — | singaxwaya | singexwaye | — | singexwaye |
| 2nd plural | ningaxwaya | — | ningaxwaya | ningexwaye | — | ningexwaye |
| Class 1 | angaxwaya | — | engaxwaya | angexwaye | — | engexwaye |
| Class 2 | bangaxwaya | — | bengaxwaya | bangexwaye | — | bengexwaye |
| Class 3 | ungaxwaya | — | ungaxwaya | ungexwaye | — | ungexwaye |
| Class 4 | ingaxwaya | — | ingaxwaya | ingexwaye | — | ingexwaye |
| Class 5 | lingaxwaya | — | lingaxwaya | lingexwaye | — | lingexwaye |
| Class 6 | angaxwaya | — | engaxwaya | angexwaye | — | engexwaye |
| Class 7 | singaxwaya | — | singaxwaya | singexwaye | — | singexwaye |
| Class 8 | zingaxwaya | — | zingaxwaya | zingexwaye | — | zingexwaye |
| Class 9 | ingaxwaya | — | ingaxwaya | ingexwaye | — | ingexwaye |
| Class 10 | zingaxwaya | — | zingaxwaya | zingexwaye | — | zingexwaye |
| Class 11 | lungaxwaya | — | lungaxwaya | lungexwaye | — | lungexwaye |
| Class 14 | bungaxwaya | — | bungaxwaya | bungexwaye | — | bungexwaye |
| Class 15 | kungaxwaya | — | kungaxwaya | kungexwaye | — | kungexwaye |
| Class 17 | kungaxwaya | — | kungaxwaya | kungexwaye | — | kungexwaye |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoxwaya | engizoxwaya | ngizoxwaya | angizuxwaya | engingezuxwaya | ngingezuxwaya |
| 2nd singular | uzoxwaya | ozoxwaya | uzoxwaya | awuzuxwaya | ongezuxwaya | ungezuxwaya |
| 1st plural | sizoxwaya | esizoxwaya | sizoxwaya | asizuxwaya | esingezuxwaya | singezuxwaya |
| 2nd plural | nizoxwaya | enizoxwaya | nizoxwaya | anizuxwaya | eningezuxwaya | ningezuxwaya |
| Class 1 | uzoxwaya | ozoxwaya | ezoxwaya | akazuxwaya | ongezuxwaya | engezuxwaya |
| Class 2 | bazoxwaya | abazoxwaya | bezoxwaya | abazuxwaya | abangezuxwaya | bengezuxwaya |
| Class 3 | uzoxwaya | ozoxwaya | uzoxwaya | awuzuxwaya | ongezuxwaya | ungezuxwaya |
| Class 4 | izoxwaya | ezoxwaya | izoxwaya | ayizuxwaya | engezuxwaya | ingezuxwaya |
| Class 5 | lizoxwaya | elizoxwaya | lizoxwaya | alizuxwaya | elingezuxwaya | lingezuxwaya |
| Class 6 | azoxwaya | azoxwaya | ezoxwaya | awazuxwaya | angezuxwaya | engezuxwaya |
| Class 7 | sizoxwaya | esizoxwaya | sizoxwaya | asizuxwaya | esingezuxwaya | singezuxwaya |
| Class 8 | zizoxwaya | ezizoxwaya | zizoxwaya | azizuxwaya | ezingezuxwaya | zingezuxwaya |
| Class 9 | izoxwaya | ezoxwaya | izoxwaya | ayizuxwaya | engezuxwaya | ingezuxwaya |
| Class 10 | zizoxwaya | ezizoxwaya | zizoxwaya | azizuxwaya | ezingezuxwaya | zingezuxwaya |
| Class 11 | luzoxwaya | oluzoxwaya | luzoxwaya | aluzuxwaya | olungezuxwaya | lungezuxwaya |
| Class 14 | buzoxwaya | obuzoxwaya | buzoxwaya | abuzuxwaya | obungezuxwaya | bungezuxwaya |
| Class 15 | kuzoxwaya | okuzoxwaya | kuzoxwaya | akuzuxwaya | okungezuxwaya | kungezuxwaya |
| Class 17 | kuzoxwaya | okuzoxwaya | kuzoxwaya | akuzuxwaya | okungezuxwaya | kungezuxwaya |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoxwaya | engiyoxwaya | ngiyoxwaya | angiyuxwaya | engingeyuxwaya | ngingeyuxwaya |
| 2nd singular | uyoxwaya | oyoxwaya | uyoxwaya | awuyuxwaya | ongeyuxwaya | ungeyuxwaya |
| 1st plural | siyoxwaya | esiyoxwaya | siyoxwaya | asiyuxwaya | esingeyuxwaya | singeyuxwaya |
| 2nd plural | niyoxwaya | eniyoxwaya | niyoxwaya | aniyuxwaya | eningeyuxwaya | ningeyuxwaya |
| Class 1 | uyoxwaya | oyoxwaya | eyoxwaya | akayuxwaya | ongeyuxwaya | engeyuxwaya |
| Class 2 | bayoxwaya | abayoxwaya | beyoxwaya | abayuxwaya | abangeyuxwaya | bengeyuxwaya |
| Class 3 | uyoxwaya | oyoxwaya | uyoxwaya | awuyuxwaya | ongeyuxwaya | ungeyuxwaya |
| Class 4 | iyoxwaya | eyoxwaya | iyoxwaya | ayiyuxwaya | engeyuxwaya | ingeyuxwaya |
| Class 5 | liyoxwaya | eliyoxwaya | liyoxwaya | aliyuxwaya | elingeyuxwaya | lingeyuxwaya |
| Class 6 | ayoxwaya | ayoxwaya | eyoxwaya | awayuxwaya | angeyuxwaya | engeyuxwaya |
| Class 7 | siyoxwaya | esiyoxwaya | siyoxwaya | asiyuxwaya | esingeyuxwaya | singeyuxwaya |
| Class 8 | ziyoxwaya | eziyoxwaya | ziyoxwaya | aziyuxwaya | ezingeyuxwaya | zingeyuxwaya |
| Class 9 | iyoxwaya | eyoxwaya | iyoxwaya | ayiyuxwaya | engeyuxwaya | ingeyuxwaya |
| Class 10 | ziyoxwaya | eziyoxwaya | ziyoxwaya | aziyuxwaya | ezingeyuxwaya | zingeyuxwaya |
| Class 11 | luyoxwaya | oluyoxwaya | luyoxwaya | aluyuxwaya | olungeyuxwaya | lungeyuxwaya |
| Class 14 | buyoxwaya | obuyoxwaya | buyoxwaya | abuyuxwaya | obungeyuxwaya | bungeyuxwaya |
| Class 15 | kuyoxwaya | okuyoxwaya | kuyoxwaya | akuyuxwaya | okungeyuxwaya | kungeyuxwaya |
| Class 17 | kuyoxwaya | okuyoxwaya | kuyoxwaya | akuyuxwaya | okungeyuxwaya | kungeyuxwaya |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngixwaye | ngingaxwayi |
| 2nd singular | uxwaye | ungaxwayi |
| 1st plural | sixwaye | singaxwayi |
| 2nd plural | nixwaye | ningaxwayi |
| Class 1 | axwaye | angaxwayi |
| Class 2 | baxwaye | bangaxwayi |
| Class 3 | uxwaye | ungaxwayi |
| Class 4 | ixwaye | ingaxwayi |
| Class 5 | lixwaye | lingaxwayi |
| Class 6 | axwaye | angaxwayi |
| Class 7 | sixwaye | singaxwayi |
| Class 8 | zixwaye | zingaxwayi |
| Class 9 | ixwaye | ingaxwayi |
| Class 10 | zixwaye | zingaxwayi |
| Class 11 | luxwaye | lungaxwayi |
| Class 14 | buxwaye | bungaxwayi |
| Class 15 | kuxwaye | kungaxwayi |
| Class 17 | kuxwaye | kungaxwayi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaxwaya | ngangaxwaya, angaxwaya, angangaxwaya |
| 2nd singular | waxwaya | wangaxwaya, awaxwaya, awangaxwaya |
| 1st plural | saxwaya | sangaxwaya, asaxwaya, asangaxwaya |
| 2nd plural | naxwaya | nangaxwaya, anaxwaya, anangaxwaya |
| Class 1 | waxwaya | wangaxwaya, akaxwaya, akangaxwaya |
| Class 2 | baxwaya | bangaxwaya, abaxwaya, abangaxwaya |
| Class 3 | waxwaya | wangaxwaya, awaxwaya, awangaxwaya |
| Class 4 | yaxwaya | yangaxwaya, ayaxwaya, ayangaxwaya |
| Class 5 | laxwaya | langaxwaya, alaxwaya, alangaxwaya |
| Class 6 | axwaya | angaxwaya, awaxwaya, awangaxwaya |
| Class 7 | saxwaya | sangaxwaya, asaxwaya, asangaxwaya |
| Class 8 | zaxwaya | zangaxwaya, azaxwaya, azangaxwaya |
| Class 9 | yaxwaya | yangaxwaya, ayaxwaya, ayangaxwaya |
| Class 10 | zaxwaya | zangaxwaya, azaxwaya, azangaxwaya |
| Class 11 | lwaxwaya | lwangaxwaya, alwaxwaya, alwangaxwaya |
| Class 14 | baxwaya | bangaxwaya, abaxwaya, abangaxwaya |
| Class 15 | kwaxwaya | kwangaxwaya, akwaxwaya, akwangaxwaya |
| Class 17 | kwaxwaya | kwangaxwaya, akwaxwaya, akwangaxwaya |

#### Derived terms

* -xwayisa

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “xwaya”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “xwaya (3.9)”