# 意志
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yìzhì
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ ㄓˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ji$^3$ zi$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yi$^1$ zi$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yi-chṳ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ì-chì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): i$^3$ zi$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$i-tsy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yìzhì
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ㄓˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yìjhìh
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$-chih$^4$
*** Yale: yì-jr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yihjyh
*** Palladius: ичжи (ičži)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$意志 抑制 易幟／易帜 異志／异志 異質／异质 益智 譯製／译制
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^3$ zi$^3$
*** Yale: yi ji
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^3$ dzi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^3$ ji$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː³³ t͡siː³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yi$^1$ zi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ji³³ t͡si³³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi-chṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: i zii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^4$ zi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /i⁵⁵ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi-chṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)i zii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^4$ zi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i⁵⁵ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ì-chì
*** Tâi-lô: ì-tsì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iecix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /i²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡si⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /i²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /i¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡si¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡si²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: i$^3$ zi$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ì tsì
*** Sinological IPA : /i²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡si²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$i-tsy
*** MiniDict: i$^去$ tsy
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$i-tsr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: 'iH tsyiH
Rime :
| Character | 意 | 志 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於記切 | 職吏切 |
| Baxter | 'iH | tsyiH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨ$^H$/ | /t͡ɕɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɨ$^H$/ | /t͡ɕɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔie$^H$/ | /t͡ɕie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɨ$^H$/ | /cɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiə$^H$/ | /t͡ɕiə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭə$^H$/ | /t͡ɕĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔi$^H$/ | /t͡ɕi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yì | zhì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^3$ | zi$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)ək-s tə-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qɯɡs tjɯs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 意 | 志 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yì | zhì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔi$^H$ › | ‹ tsyi$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔ(r)ək-s/ | /*tə-s/ |
| English | thought (n.) | goal, intention, aspiration |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 意 | 志 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 15153 | 17190 |
| Phonetic component | 意 | 之 |
| Rime group | 代 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 意 | 志 |
| Old Chinese | /*qɯɡs/ | /*tjɯs/ |
| Notes | | 說文之聲 |

### Noun

意志
* will; determination; volition; intent
    堅強意志／坚强意志 ― jiānqiáng yìzhì ― strong will
    政府意志 ― zhèngfǔ yìzhì ― government will

#### Synonyms

* 心志 (xīnzhì)
* 志意 (zhìyì) (literary)
* 毅力 (yìlì)
* 決心／决心 (juéxīn)
* 狠心 (hěnxīn)

#### Derived terms

* 德意志 (Déyìzhì)
* 意志力 (yìzhìlì)
* 自由意志 (zìyóu yìzhì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 意志(いし) (ishi)
* → Korean: 의지(意志) (uiji)
* → Vietnamese: ý chí (意志)

#### See also

* 意旨 (yìzhǐ)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 意 | 志 |
| い Grade: 3 | し Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

Coined by Japanese philosopher and politician Nishi Amane as a translation of English will, and became established by being included in the 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) by Inoue Tetsujirō.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いし [íꜜshì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [iɕi]
* Homophones: 以次, 位子, 医師, 胃歯, 異志, 移徙, 意思, 違旨, 遺子, 遺旨, 遺址, 遺志, 遺屍, 頤指, 頤使, 縊死, 懿旨

### Noun

意(い)志(し) • (ishi)
* will (intention or decision)
** 2016 July 22, “過(か)去(こ)との取(と)り組(く)み [Grappling with the Past]”, in 異界月 [Eldritch Moon], Wizards of the Coast:
    エムラクールは願(ねが)いを叶(かな)えたりしない。ただ、人(ひと)々(びと)の望(のぞ)みがエムラクールの意(い)志(し)に沿(そ)ったものになるのだ。
       Emurakūru wa negai o kanae tari shinai. Tada, hitobito no nozomi ga Emurakūru no ishi ni sotta mono ni naru no da.
       Emrakul does not grant wishes. Human desires simply align to her will.

#### Derived terms

* 意(い)志(し)的(てき) (ishiteki)
* 意(い)志(し)薄(はく)弱(じゃく) (ishi hakujaku)
* 一(いっ)般(ぱん)意(い)志(し) (ippan ishi)
* 権(けん)力(りょく)意(い)志(し) (kenryoku ishi)
* 自(じ)由(ゆう)意(い)志(し) (jiyū ishi)
* 集(しゅう)合(ごう)意(い)志(し) (shūgō ishi)

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ “意志”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881) 哲学字彙 [Dictionary of Philosophy]‎, University of Tokyo, page 99
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 意 | 志 |

### Noun

意志 • (uiji) (hangeul 의지)
* hanja form of 의지 (“determination”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 意 | 志 |

### Noun

意志
* chữ Hán form of ý chí (“willpower”).