# 戯れる
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 戯
* たわむ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 戲れる (kyūjitai)
Shift from 戯(たわぶ)れる (tawabureru) below. The element たわ (tawa) is also found in 戯言(たわごと) (tawagoto, “nonsense, balderdash”) and 戯(たわ)ける (tawakeru, “to joke, jest”), as well as 拘(こだわ)る (kodawaru).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たわむれる [tàwámúréꜜrù] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [ta̠β̞a̠mɯ̟ɾe̞ɾɯ̟]

#### Verb

戯(たわむ)れる • (tawamureru) intransitive ichidan (stem 戯(たわむ)れ (tawamure), past 戯(たわむ)れた (tawamureta))
* to play; to sport; to joke; to frolic; to make merry
* to flirt with; to dally

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 戯れ | たわむれ | tawamure |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 戯れ | たわむれ | tawamure |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 戯れる | たわむれる | tawamureru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 戯れる | たわむれる | tawamureru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 戯れれ | たわむれれ | tawamurere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 戯れよ¹ 戯れろ² | たわむれよ¹ たわむれろ² | tawamureyo¹ tawamurero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 戯れられる | たわむれられる | tawamurerareru |
| Causative | 戯れさせる 戯れさす | たわむれさせる たわむれさす | tawamuresaseru tawamuresasu |
| Potential | 戯れられる 戯れれる³ | たわむれられる たわむれれる³ | tawamurerareru tawamurereru³ |
| Volitional | 戯れよう | たわむれよう | tawamureyō |
| Negative | 戯れない 戯れぬ 戯れん | たわむれない たわむれぬ たわむれん | tawamurenai tawamurenu tawamuren |
| Negative continuative | 戯れず | たわむれず | tawamurezu |
| Formal | 戯れます | たわむれます | tawamuremasu |
| Perfective | 戯れた | たわむれた | tawamureta |
| Conjunctive | 戯れて | たわむれて | tawamurete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 戯れれば | たわむれれば | tawamurereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||

##### Derived terms

* 戯(たわむ)れ言(ごと) (tawamuregoto)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 戯
* たわぶ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 戲れる (kyūjitai)
Regular development from classical verb 戯(たはぶ)る (tahaburu).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たわぶれる [tàwábúréꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])
* IPA: [ta̠β̞a̠bɯ̟ɾe̞ɾɯ̟]

#### Verb

戯(たわぶ)れる • (tawabureru) intransitive ichidan (stem 戯(たわぶ)れ (tawabure), past 戯(たわぶ)れた (tawabureta))
* Synonym of 戯れる (tawamureru)

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 戯れ | たわぶれ | tawabure |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 戯れ | たわぶれ | tawabure |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 戯れる | たわぶれる | tawabureru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 戯れる | たわぶれる | tawabureru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 戯れれ | たわぶれれ | tawaburere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 戯れよ¹ 戯れろ² | たわぶれよ¹ たわぶれろ² | tawabureyo¹ tawaburero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 戯れられる | たわぶれられる | tawaburerareru |
| Causative | 戯れさせる 戯れさす | たわぶれさせる たわぶれさす | tawaburesaseru tawaburesasu |
| Potential | 戯れられる 戯れれる³ | たわぶれられる たわぶれれる³ | tawaburerareru tawaburereru³ |
| Volitional | 戯れよう | たわぶれよう | tawabureyō |
| Negative | 戯れない 戯れぬ 戯れん | たわぶれない たわぶれぬ たわぶれん | tawaburenai tawaburenu tawaburen |
| Negative continuative | 戯れず | たわぶれず | tawaburezu |
| Formal | 戯れます | たわぶれます | tawaburemasu |
| Perfective | 戯れた | たわぶれた | tawabureta |
| Conjunctive | 戯れて | たわぶれて | tawaburete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 戯れれば | たわぶれれば | tawaburereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||

##### Derived terms

* 戯(たわぶ)れ言(ごと) (tawaburegoto)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 戯
* ざ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 戲れる (kyūjitai)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ざれる [zàréꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [d͡za̠ɾe̞ɾɯ̟]

#### Verb

戯(ざ)れる • (zareru) intransitive ichidan (stem 戯(ざ)れ (zare), past 戯(ざ)れた (zareta))
* to sport; to play; to frolic
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 戯れ | ざれ | zare |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 戯れ | ざれ | zare |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 戯れる | ざれる | zareru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 戯れる | ざれる | zareru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 戯れれ | ざれれ | zarere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 戯れよ¹ 戯れろ² | ざれよ¹ ざれろ² | zareyo¹ zarero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 戯れられる | ざれられる | zarerareru |
| Causative | 戯れさせる 戯れさす | ざれさせる ざれさす | zaresaseru zaresasu |
| Potential | 戯れられる 戯れれる³ | ざれられる ざれれる³ | zarerareru zarereru³ |
| Volitional | 戯れよう | ざれよう | zareyō |
| Negative | 戯れない 戯れぬ 戯れん | ざれない ざれぬ ざれん | zarenai zarenu zaren |
| Negative continuative | 戯れず | ざれず | zarezu |
| Formal | 戯れます | ざれます | zaremasu |
| Perfective | 戯れた | ざれた | zareta |
| Conjunctive | 戯れて | ざれて | zarete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 戯れれば | ざれれば | zarereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||

##### Derived terms

* 戯(ざ)れ言(ごと) (zaregoto)

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 戯
* じゃ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 戲れる (kyūjitai)
Phonetic shift from 戯(ざ)れる (zareru) above.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じゃれる [jàréꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [d͡ʑa̠ɾe̞ɾɯ̟]

#### Verb

戯(じゃ)れる • (jareru) intransitive ichidan (stem 戯(じゃ)れ (jare), past 戯(じゃ)れた (jareta))
Japanese verb pair :
| active | じゃらす |
| mediopassive | 戯れる |
* (of children or animals) to play

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 戯れ | じゃれ | jare |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 戯れ | じゃれ | jare |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 戯れる | じゃれる | jareru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 戯れる | じゃれる | jareru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 戯れれ | じゃれれ | jarere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 戯れよ¹ 戯れろ² | じゃれよ¹ じゃれろ² | jareyo¹ jarero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 戯れられる | じゃれられる | jarerareru |
| Causative | 戯れさせる 戯れさす | じゃれさせる じゃれさす | jaresaseru jaresasu |
| Potential | 戯れられる 戯れれる³ | じゃれられる じゃれれる³ | jarerareru jarereru³ |
| Volitional | 戯れよう | じゃれよう | jareyō |
| Negative | 戯れない 戯れぬ 戯れん | じゃれない じゃれぬ じゃれん | jarenai jarenu jaren |
| Negative continuative | 戯れず | じゃれず | jarezu |
| Formal | 戯れます | じゃれます | jaremasu |
| Perfective | 戯れた | じゃれた | jareta |
| Conjunctive | 戯れて | じゃれて | jarete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 戯れれば | じゃれれば | jarereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||

##### Derived terms

* 戯(じゃ)れ合(あ)う (jareau)
* 戯(じゃ)れ言(ごと) (jaregoto)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN