# andula
## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-andula$^?$
* (intransitive) to start cultivating

#### Inflection

Tone unknown :
| Infinitive | ukwandula |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukwandula | ukunganduli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | yandula | -andule |
| Plural | yandulani | -anduleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyandula, ngandula | engandulayo, engandula | ngandula | anganduli | enginganduli | nginganduli |
| 2nd singular | uyandula, wandula | owandulayo, owandula | wandula | awanduli | onganduli | unganduli |
| 1st plural | siyandula, sandula | esandulayo, esandula | sandula | asanduli | esinganduli | singanduli |
| 2nd plural | niyandula, nandula | enandulayo, enandula | nandula | ananduli | eninganduli | ninganduli |
| Class 1 | uyandula, wandula | owandulayo, owandula | andula | akanduli | onganduli | enganduli |
| Class 2 | bayandula, bandula | abandulayo, abandula | bandula | abanduli | abanganduli | benganduli |
| Class 3 | uyandula, wandula | owandulayo, owandula | wandula | awanduli | onganduli | unganduli |
| Class 4 | iyandula, yandula | eyandulayo, eyandula | yandula | ayanduli | enganduli | inganduli |
| Class 5 | liyandula, landula | elandulayo, elandula | landula | alanduli | elinganduli | linganduli |
| Class 6 | ayandula, andula | andulayo, andula | andula | awanduli | anganduli | enganduli |
| Class 7 | siyandula, sandula | esandulayo, esandula | sandula | asanduli | esinganduli | singanduli |
| Class 8 | ziyandula, zandula | ezandulayo, ezandula | zandula | azanduli | ezinganduli | zinganduli |
| Class 9 | iyandula, yandula | eyandulayo, eyandula | yandula | ayanduli | enganduli | inganduli |
| Class 10 | ziyandula, zandula | ezandulayo, ezandula | zandula | azanduli | ezinganduli | zinganduli |
| Class 11 | luyandula, lwandula | olwandulayo, olwandula | lwandula | alwanduli | olunganduli | lunganduli |
| Class 14 | buyandula, bandula | obandulayo, obandula | bandula | abanduli | obunganduli | bunganduli |
| Class 15 | kuyandula, kwandula | okwandulayo, okwandula | kwandula | akwanduli | okunganduli | kunganduli |
| Class 17 | kuyandula, kwandula | okwandulayo, okwandula | kwandula | akwanduli | okunganduli | kunganduli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngandulile, ngandulē | engandulile, engandulē | ngandulile, ngandulē | angandulanga | engingandulanga | ngingandulanga |
| 2nd singular | wandulile, wandulē | owandulile, owandulē | wandulile, wandulē | awandulanga | ongandulanga | ungandulanga |
| 1st plural | sandulile, sandulē | esandulile, esandulē | sandulile, sandulē | asandulanga | esingandulanga | singandulanga |
| 2nd plural | nandulile, nandulē | enandulile, enandulē | nandulile, nandulē | anandulanga | eningandulanga | ningandulanga |
| Class 1 | wandulile, wandulē | owandulile, owandulē | andulile, andulē | akandulanga | ongandulanga | engandulanga |
| Class 2 | bandulile, bandulē | abandulile, abandulē | bandulile, bandulē | abandulanga | abangandulanga | bengandulanga |
| Class 3 | wandulile, wandulē | owandulile, owandulē | wandulile, wandulē | awandulanga | ongandulanga | ungandulanga |
| Class 4 | yandulile, yandulē | eyandulile, eyandulē | yandulile, yandulē | ayandulanga | engandulanga | ingandulanga |
| Class 5 | landulile, landulē | elandulile, elandulē | landulile, landulē | alandulanga | elingandulanga | lingandulanga |
| Class 6 | andulile, andulē | andulile, andulē | andulile, andulē | awandulanga | angandulanga | engandulanga |
| Class 7 | sandulile, sandulē | esandulile, esandulē | sandulile, sandulē | asandulanga | esingandulanga | singandulanga |
| Class 8 | zandulile, zandulē | ezandulile, ezandulē | zandulile, zandulē | azandulanga | ezingandulanga | zingandulanga |
| Class 9 | yandulile, yandulē | eyandulile, eyandulē | yandulile, yandulē | ayandulanga | engandulanga | ingandulanga |
| Class 10 | zandulile, zandulē | ezandulile, ezandulē | zandulile, zandulē | azandulanga | ezingandulanga | zingandulanga |
| Class 11 | lwandulile, lwandulē | olwandulile, olwandulē | lwandulile, lwandulē | alwandulanga | olungandulanga | lungandulanga |
| Class 14 | bandulile, bandulē | obandulile, obandulē | bandulile, bandulē | abandulanga | obungandulanga | bungandulanga |
| Class 15 | kwandulile, kwandulē | okwandulile, okwandulē | kwandulile, kwandulē | akwandulanga | okungandulanga | kungandulanga |
| Class 17 | kwandulile, kwandulē | okwandulile, okwandulē | kwandulile, kwandulē | akwandulanga | okungandulanga | kungandulanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāndula | engāndula | ngāndula | angandulanga | engingandulanga | ngingandulanga |
| 2nd singular | wāndula | owāndula | wāndula | awandulanga | ongandulanga | ungandulanga |
| 1st plural | sāndula | esāndula | sāndula | asandulanga | esingandulanga | singandulanga |
| 2nd plural | nāndula | enāndula | nāndula | anandulanga | eningandulanga | ningandulanga |
| Class 1 | wāndula | owāndula | āndula | akandulanga | ongandulanga | engandulanga |
| Class 2 | bāndula | abāndula | bāndula | abandulanga | abangandulanga | bengandulanga |
| Class 3 | wāndula | owāndula | wāndula | awandulanga | ongandulanga | ungandulanga |
| Class 4 | yāndula | eyāndula | yāndula | ayandulanga | engandulanga | ingandulanga |
| Class 5 | lāndula | elāndula | lāndula | alandulanga | elingandulanga | lingandulanga |
| Class 6 | āndula | āndula | āndula | awandulanga | angandulanga | engandulanga |
| Class 7 | sāndula | esāndula | sāndula | asandulanga | esingandulanga | singandulanga |
| Class 8 | zāndula | ezāndula | zāndula | azandulanga | ezingandulanga | zingandulanga |
| Class 9 | yāndula | eyāndula | yāndula | ayandulanga | engandulanga | ingandulanga |
| Class 10 | zāndula | ezāndula | zāndula | azandulanga | ezingandulanga | zingandulanga |
| Class 11 | lwāndula | olwāndula | lwāndula | alwandulanga | olungandulanga | lungandulanga |
| Class 14 | bāndula | obāndula | bāndula | abandulanga | obungandulanga | bungandulanga |
| Class 15 | kwāndula | okwāndula | kwāndula | akwandulanga | okungandulanga | kungandulanga |
| Class 17 | kwāndula | okwāndula | kwāndula | akwandulanga | okungandulanga | kungandulanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingandula | — | ngingandula | ngingandule | — | ngingandule |
| 2nd singular | ungandula | — | ungandula | ungandule | — | ungandule |
| 1st plural | singandula | — | singandula | singandule | — | singandule |
| 2nd plural | ningandula | — | ningandula | ningandule | — | ningandule |
| Class 1 | angandula | — | engandula | angandule | — | engandule |
| Class 2 | bangandula | — | bengandula | bangandule | — | bengandule |
| Class 3 | ungandula | — | ungandula | ungandule | — | ungandule |
| Class 4 | ingandula | — | ingandula | ingandule | — | ingandule |
| Class 5 | lingandula | — | lingandula | lingandule | — | lingandule |
| Class 6 | angandula | — | engandula | angandule | — | engandule |
| Class 7 | singandula | — | singandula | singandule | — | singandule |
| Class 8 | zingandula | — | zingandula | zingandule | — | zingandule |
| Class 9 | ingandula | — | ingandula | ingandule | — | ingandule |
| Class 10 | zingandula | — | zingandula | zingandule | — | zingandule |
| Class 11 | lungandula | — | lungandula | lungandule | — | lungandule |
| Class 14 | bungandula | — | bungandula | bungandule | — | bungandule |
| Class 15 | kungandula | — | kungandula | kungandule | — | kungandule |
| Class 17 | kungandula | — | kungandula | kungandule | — | kungandule |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizokwandula | engizokwandula | ngizokwandula | angizukwandula | engingezukwandula | ngingezukwandula |
| 2nd singular | uzokwandula | ozokwandula | uzokwandula | awuzukwandula | ongezukwandula | ungezukwandula |
| 1st plural | sizokwandula | esizokwandula | sizokwandula | asizukwandula | esingezukwandula | singezukwandula |
| 2nd plural | nizokwandula | enizokwandula | nizokwandula | anizukwandula | eningezukwandula | ningezukwandula |
| Class 1 | uzokwandula | ozokwandula | ezokwandula | akazukwandula | ongezukwandula | engezukwandula |
| Class 2 | bazokwandula | abazokwandula | bezokwandula | abazukwandula | abangezukwandula | bengezukwandula |
| Class 3 | uzokwandula | ozokwandula | uzokwandula | awuzukwandula | ongezukwandula | ungezukwandula |
| Class 4 | izokwandula | ezokwandula | izokwandula | ayizukwandula | engezukwandula | ingezukwandula |
| Class 5 | lizokwandula | elizokwandula | lizokwandula | alizukwandula | elingezukwandula | lingezukwandula |
| Class 6 | azokwandula | azokwandula | ezokwandula | awazukwandula | angezukwandula | engezukwandula |
| Class 7 | sizokwandula | esizokwandula | sizokwandula | asizukwandula | esingezukwandula | singezukwandula |
| Class 8 | zizokwandula | ezizokwandula | zizokwandula | azizukwandula | ezingezukwandula | zingezukwandula |
| Class 9 | izokwandula | ezokwandula | izokwandula | ayizukwandula | engezukwandula | ingezukwandula |
| Class 10 | zizokwandula | ezizokwandula | zizokwandula | azizukwandula | ezingezukwandula | zingezukwandula |
| Class 11 | luzokwandula | oluzokwandula | luzokwandula | aluzukwandula | olungezukwandula | lungezukwandula |
| Class 14 | buzokwandula | obuzokwandula | buzokwandula | abuzukwandula | obungezukwandula | bungezukwandula |
| Class 15 | kuzokwandula | okuzokwandula | kuzokwandula | akuzukwandula | okungezukwandula | kungezukwandula |
| Class 17 | kuzokwandula | okuzokwandula | kuzokwandula | akuzukwandula | okungezukwandula | kungezukwandula |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyokwandula | engiyokwandula | ngiyokwandula | angiyukwandula | engingeyukwandula | ngingeyukwandula |
| 2nd singular | uyokwandula | oyokwandula | uyokwandula | awuyukwandula | ongeyukwandula | ungeyukwandula |
| 1st plural | siyokwandula | esiyokwandula | siyokwandula | asiyukwandula | esingeyukwandula | singeyukwandula |
| 2nd plural | niyokwandula | eniyokwandula | niyokwandula | aniyukwandula | eningeyukwandula | ningeyukwandula |
| Class 1 | uyokwandula | oyokwandula | eyokwandula | akayukwandula | ongeyukwandula | engeyukwandula |
| Class 2 | bayokwandula | abayokwandula | beyokwandula | abayukwandula | abangeyukwandula | bengeyukwandula |
| Class 3 | uyokwandula | oyokwandula | uyokwandula | awuyukwandula | ongeyukwandula | ungeyukwandula |
| Class 4 | iyokwandula | eyokwandula | iyokwandula | ayiyukwandula | engeyukwandula | ingeyukwandula |
| Class 5 | liyokwandula | eliyokwandula | liyokwandula | aliyukwandula | elingeyukwandula | lingeyukwandula |
| Class 6 | ayokwandula | ayokwandula | eyokwandula | awayukwandula | angeyukwandula | engeyukwandula |
| Class 7 | siyokwandula | esiyokwandula | siyokwandula | asiyukwandula | esingeyukwandula | singeyukwandula |
| Class 8 | ziyokwandula | eziyokwandula | ziyokwandula | aziyukwandula | ezingeyukwandula | zingeyukwandula |
| Class 9 | iyokwandula | eyokwandula | iyokwandula | ayiyukwandula | engeyukwandula | ingeyukwandula |
| Class 10 | ziyokwandula | eziyokwandula | ziyokwandula | aziyukwandula | ezingeyukwandula | zingeyukwandula |
| Class 11 | luyokwandula | oluyokwandula | luyokwandula | aluyukwandula | olungeyukwandula | lungeyukwandula |
| Class 14 | buyokwandula | obuyokwandula | buyokwandula | abuyukwandula | obungeyukwandula | bungeyukwandula |
| Class 15 | kuyokwandula | okuyokwandula | kuyokwandula | akuyukwandula | okungeyukwandula | kungeyukwandula |
| Class 17 | kuyokwandula | okuyokwandula | kuyokwandula | akuyukwandula | okungeyukwandula | kungeyukwandula |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngandule | nginganduli |
| 2nd singular | wandule | unganduli |
| 1st plural | sandule | singanduli |
| 2nd plural | nandule | ninganduli |
| Class 1 | andule | anganduli |
| Class 2 | bandule | banganduli |
| Class 3 | wandule | unganduli |
| Class 4 | yandule | inganduli |
| Class 5 | landule | linganduli |
| Class 6 | andule | anganduli |
| Class 7 | sandule | singanduli |
| Class 8 | zandule | zinganduli |
| Class 9 | yandule | inganduli |
| Class 10 | zandule | zinganduli |
| Class 11 | lwandule | lunganduli |
| Class 14 | bandule | bunganduli |
| Class 15 | kwandule | kunganduli |
| Class 17 | kwandule | kunganduli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngandula | ngangandula, angandula, angangandula |
| 2nd singular | wandula | wangandula, awandula, awangandula |
| 1st plural | sandula | sangandula, asandula, asangandula |
| 2nd plural | nandula | nangandula, anandula, anangandula |
| Class 1 | wandula | wangandula, akandula, akangandula |
| Class 2 | bandula | bangandula, abandula, abangandula |
| Class 3 | wandula | wangandula, awandula, awangandula |
| Class 4 | yandula | yangandula, ayandula, ayangandula |
| Class 5 | landula | langandula, alandula, alangandula |
| Class 6 | andula | angandula, awandula, awangandula |
| Class 7 | sandula | sangandula, asandula, asangandula |
| Class 8 | zandula | zangandula, azandula, azangandula |
| Class 9 | yandula | yangandula, ayandula, ayangandula |
| Class 10 | zandula | zangandula, azandula, azangandula |
| Class 11 | lwandula | lwangandula, alwandula, alwangandula |
| Class 14 | bandula | bangandula, abandula, abangandula |
| Class 15 | kwandula | kwangandula, akwandula, akwangandula |
| Class 17 | kwandula | kwangandula, akwandula, akwangandula |

#### Derived terms

* -andulela (applicative)
* -andulisa (causative)
* -andulwa (passive)
* uMandulo

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “andula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “andula (3.2.9)”