# dumisa
## Fanagalo
### Etymology

From Zulu -dumisa.

### Verb

dumisa
* to praise

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-dumisa$^?$
* (transitive) to praise

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Verb

-dumisa$^?$
* (transitive) to praise

#### Inflection

Tone unknown :
| Infinitive | ukudumisa |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukudumisa | ukungadumisi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | dumisa | -dumise |
| Plural | dumisani | -dumiseni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyadumisa, ngidumisa | engidumisayo, engidumisa | ngidumisa | angidumisi | engingadumisi | ngingadumisi |
| 2nd singular | uyadumisa, udumisa | odumisayo, odumisa | udumisa | awudumisi | ongadumisi | ungadumisi |
| 1st plural | siyadumisa, sidumisa | esidumisayo, esidumisa | sidumisa | asidumisi | esingadumisi | singadumisi |
| 2nd plural | niyadumisa, nidumisa | enidumisayo, enidumisa | nidumisa | anidumisi | eningadumisi | ningadumisi |
| Class 1 | uyadumisa, udumisa | odumisayo, odumisa | edumisa | akadumisi | ongadumisi | engadumisi |
| Class 2 | bayadumisa, badumisa | abadumisayo, abadumisa | bedumisa | abadumisi | abangadumisi | bengadumisi |
| Class 3 | uyadumisa, udumisa | odumisayo, odumisa | udumisa | awudumisi | ongadumisi | ungadumisi |
| Class 4 | iyadumisa, idumisa | edumisayo, edumisa | idumisa | ayidumisi | engadumisi | ingadumisi |
| Class 5 | liyadumisa, lidumisa | elidumisayo, elidumisa | lidumisa | alidumisi | elingadumisi | lingadumisi |
| Class 6 | ayadumisa, adumisa | adumisayo, adumisa | edumisa | awadumisi | angadumisi | engadumisi |
| Class 7 | siyadumisa, sidumisa | esidumisayo, esidumisa | sidumisa | asidumisi | esingadumisi | singadumisi |
| Class 8 | ziyadumisa, zidumisa | ezidumisayo, ezidumisa | zidumisa | azidumisi | ezingadumisi | zingadumisi |
| Class 9 | iyadumisa, idumisa | edumisayo, edumisa | idumisa | ayidumisi | engadumisi | ingadumisi |
| Class 10 | ziyadumisa, zidumisa | ezidumisayo, ezidumisa | zidumisa | azidumisi | ezingadumisi | zingadumisi |
| Class 11 | luyadumisa, ludumisa | oludumisayo, oludumisa | ludumisa | aludumisi | olungadumisi | lungadumisi |
| Class 14 | buyadumisa, budumisa | obudumisayo, obudumisa | budumisa | abudumisi | obungadumisi | bungadumisi |
| Class 15 | kuyadumisa, kudumisa | okudumisayo, okudumisa | kudumisa | akudumisi | okungadumisi | kungadumisi |
| Class 17 | kuyadumisa, kudumisa | okudumisayo, okudumisa | kudumisa | akudumisi | okungadumisi | kungadumisi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngidumisile, ngidumisē | engidumisile, engidumisē | ngidumisile, ngidumisē | angidumisanga | engingadumisanga | ngingadumisanga |
| 2nd singular | udumisile, udumisē | odumisile, odumisē | udumisile, udumisē | awudumisanga | ongadumisanga | ungadumisanga |
| 1st plural | sidumisile, sidumisē | esidumisile, esidumisē | sidumisile, sidumisē | asidumisanga | esingadumisanga | singadumisanga |
| 2nd plural | nidumisile, nidumisē | enidumisile, enidumisē | nidumisile, nidumisē | anidumisanga | eningadumisanga | ningadumisanga |
| Class 1 | udumisile, udumisē | odumisile, odumisē | edumisile, edumisē | akadumisanga | ongadumisanga | engadumisanga |
| Class 2 | badumisile, badumisē | abadumisile, abadumisē | bedumisile, bedumisē | abadumisanga | abangadumisanga | bengadumisanga |
| Class 3 | udumisile, udumisē | odumisile, odumisē | udumisile, udumisē | awudumisanga | ongadumisanga | ungadumisanga |
| Class 4 | idumisile, idumisē | edumisile, edumisē | idumisile, idumisē | ayidumisanga | engadumisanga | ingadumisanga |
| Class 5 | lidumisile, lidumisē | elidumisile, elidumisē | lidumisile, lidumisē | alidumisanga | elingadumisanga | lingadumisanga |
| Class 6 | adumisile, adumisē | adumisile, adumisē | edumisile, edumisē | awadumisanga | angadumisanga | engadumisanga |
| Class 7 | sidumisile, sidumisē | esidumisile, esidumisē | sidumisile, sidumisē | asidumisanga | esingadumisanga | singadumisanga |
| Class 8 | zidumisile, zidumisē | ezidumisile, ezidumisē | zidumisile, zidumisē | azidumisanga | ezingadumisanga | zingadumisanga |
| Class 9 | idumisile, idumisē | edumisile, edumisē | idumisile, idumisē | ayidumisanga | engadumisanga | ingadumisanga |
| Class 10 | zidumisile, zidumisē | ezidumisile, ezidumisē | zidumisile, zidumisē | azidumisanga | ezingadumisanga | zingadumisanga |
| Class 11 | ludumisile, ludumisē | oludumisile, oludumisē | ludumisile, ludumisē | aludumisanga | olungadumisanga | lungadumisanga |
| Class 14 | budumisile, budumisē | obudumisile, obudumisē | budumisile, budumisē | abudumisanga | obungadumisanga | bungadumisanga |
| Class 15 | kudumisile, kudumisē | okudumisile, okudumisē | kudumisile, kudumisē | akudumisanga | okungadumisanga | kungadumisanga |
| Class 17 | kudumisile, kudumisē | okudumisile, okudumisē | kudumisile, kudumisē | akudumisanga | okungadumisanga | kungadumisanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngādumisa | engādumisa | ngādumisa | angidumisanga | engingadumisanga | ngingadumisanga |
| 2nd singular | wādumisa | owādumisa | wādumisa | awudumisanga | ongadumisanga | ungadumisanga |
| 1st plural | sādumisa | esādumisa | sādumisa | asidumisanga | esingadumisanga | singadumisanga |
| 2nd plural | nādumisa | enādumisa | nādumisa | anidumisanga | eningadumisanga | ningadumisanga |
| Class 1 | wādumisa | owādumisa | ādumisa | akadumisanga | ongadumisanga | engadumisanga |
| Class 2 | bādumisa | abādumisa | bādumisa | abadumisanga | abangadumisanga | bengadumisanga |
| Class 3 | wādumisa | owādumisa | wādumisa | awudumisanga | ongadumisanga | ungadumisanga |
| Class 4 | yādumisa | eyādumisa | yādumisa | ayidumisanga | engadumisanga | ingadumisanga |
| Class 5 | lādumisa | elādumisa | lādumisa | alidumisanga | elingadumisanga | lingadumisanga |
| Class 6 | ādumisa | ādumisa | ādumisa | awadumisanga | angadumisanga | engadumisanga |
| Class 7 | sādumisa | esādumisa | sādumisa | asidumisanga | esingadumisanga | singadumisanga |
| Class 8 | zādumisa | ezādumisa | zādumisa | azidumisanga | ezingadumisanga | zingadumisanga |
| Class 9 | yādumisa | eyādumisa | yādumisa | ayidumisanga | engadumisanga | ingadumisanga |
| Class 10 | zādumisa | ezādumisa | zādumisa | azidumisanga | ezingadumisanga | zingadumisanga |
| Class 11 | lwādumisa | olwādumisa | lwādumisa | aludumisanga | olungadumisanga | lungadumisanga |
| Class 14 | bādumisa | obādumisa | bādumisa | abudumisanga | obungadumisanga | bungadumisanga |
| Class 15 | kwādumisa | okwādumisa | kwādumisa | akudumisanga | okungadumisanga | kungadumisanga |
| Class 17 | kwādumisa | okwādumisa | kwādumisa | akudumisanga | okungadumisanga | kungadumisanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingadumisa | — | ngingadumisa | ngingedumise | — | ngingedumise |
| 2nd singular | ungadumisa | — | ungadumisa | ungedumise | — | ungedumise |
| 1st plural | singadumisa | — | singadumisa | singedumise | — | singedumise |
| 2nd plural | ningadumisa | — | ningadumisa | ningedumise | — | ningedumise |
| Class 1 | angadumisa | — | engadumisa | angedumise | — | engedumise |
| Class 2 | bangadumisa | — | bengadumisa | bangedumise | — | bengedumise |
| Class 3 | ungadumisa | — | ungadumisa | ungedumise | — | ungedumise |
| Class 4 | ingadumisa | — | ingadumisa | ingedumise | — | ingedumise |
| Class 5 | lingadumisa | — | lingadumisa | lingedumise | — | lingedumise |
| Class 6 | angadumisa | — | engadumisa | angedumise | — | engedumise |
| Class 7 | singadumisa | — | singadumisa | singedumise | — | singedumise |
| Class 8 | zingadumisa | — | zingadumisa | zingedumise | — | zingedumise |
| Class 9 | ingadumisa | — | ingadumisa | ingedumise | — | ingedumise |
| Class 10 | zingadumisa | — | zingadumisa | zingedumise | — | zingedumise |
| Class 11 | lungadumisa | — | lungadumisa | lungedumise | — | lungedumise |
| Class 14 | bungadumisa | — | bungadumisa | bungedumise | — | bungedumise |
| Class 15 | kungadumisa | — | kungadumisa | kungedumise | — | kungedumise |
| Class 17 | kungadumisa | — | kungadumisa | kungedumise | — | kungedumise |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizodumisa | engizodumisa | ngizodumisa | angizudumisa | engingezudumisa | ngingezudumisa |
| 2nd singular | uzodumisa | ozodumisa | uzodumisa | awuzudumisa | ongezudumisa | ungezudumisa |
| 1st plural | sizodumisa | esizodumisa | sizodumisa | asizudumisa | esingezudumisa | singezudumisa |
| 2nd plural | nizodumisa | enizodumisa | nizodumisa | anizudumisa | eningezudumisa | ningezudumisa |
| Class 1 | uzodumisa | ozodumisa | ezodumisa | akazudumisa | ongezudumisa | engezudumisa |
| Class 2 | bazodumisa | abazodumisa | bezodumisa | abazudumisa | abangezudumisa | bengezudumisa |
| Class 3 | uzodumisa | ozodumisa | uzodumisa | awuzudumisa | ongezudumisa | ungezudumisa |
| Class 4 | izodumisa | ezodumisa | izodumisa | ayizudumisa | engezudumisa | ingezudumisa |
| Class 5 | lizodumisa | elizodumisa | lizodumisa | alizudumisa | elingezudumisa | lingezudumisa |
| Class 6 | azodumisa | azodumisa | ezodumisa | awazudumisa | angezudumisa | engezudumisa |
| Class 7 | sizodumisa | esizodumisa | sizodumisa | asizudumisa | esingezudumisa | singezudumisa |
| Class 8 | zizodumisa | ezizodumisa | zizodumisa | azizudumisa | ezingezudumisa | zingezudumisa |
| Class 9 | izodumisa | ezodumisa | izodumisa | ayizudumisa | engezudumisa | ingezudumisa |
| Class 10 | zizodumisa | ezizodumisa | zizodumisa | azizudumisa | ezingezudumisa | zingezudumisa |
| Class 11 | luzodumisa | oluzodumisa | luzodumisa | aluzudumisa | olungezudumisa | lungezudumisa |
| Class 14 | buzodumisa | obuzodumisa | buzodumisa | abuzudumisa | obungezudumisa | bungezudumisa |
| Class 15 | kuzodumisa | okuzodumisa | kuzodumisa | akuzudumisa | okungezudumisa | kungezudumisa |
| Class 17 | kuzodumisa | okuzodumisa | kuzodumisa | akuzudumisa | okungezudumisa | kungezudumisa |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyodumisa | engiyodumisa | ngiyodumisa | angiyudumisa | engingeyudumisa | ngingeyudumisa |
| 2nd singular | uyodumisa | oyodumisa | uyodumisa | awuyudumisa | ongeyudumisa | ungeyudumisa |
| 1st plural | siyodumisa | esiyodumisa | siyodumisa | asiyudumisa | esingeyudumisa | singeyudumisa |
| 2nd plural | niyodumisa | eniyodumisa | niyodumisa | aniyudumisa | eningeyudumisa | ningeyudumisa |
| Class 1 | uyodumisa | oyodumisa | eyodumisa | akayudumisa | ongeyudumisa | engeyudumisa |
| Class 2 | bayodumisa | abayodumisa | beyodumisa | abayudumisa | abangeyudumisa | bengeyudumisa |
| Class 3 | uyodumisa | oyodumisa | uyodumisa | awuyudumisa | ongeyudumisa | ungeyudumisa |
| Class 4 | iyodumisa | eyodumisa | iyodumisa | ayiyudumisa | engeyudumisa | ingeyudumisa |
| Class 5 | liyodumisa | eliyodumisa | liyodumisa | aliyudumisa | elingeyudumisa | lingeyudumisa |
| Class 6 | ayodumisa | ayodumisa | eyodumisa | awayudumisa | angeyudumisa | engeyudumisa |
| Class 7 | siyodumisa | esiyodumisa | siyodumisa | asiyudumisa | esingeyudumisa | singeyudumisa |
| Class 8 | ziyodumisa | eziyodumisa | ziyodumisa | aziyudumisa | ezingeyudumisa | zingeyudumisa |
| Class 9 | iyodumisa | eyodumisa | iyodumisa | ayiyudumisa | engeyudumisa | ingeyudumisa |
| Class 10 | ziyodumisa | eziyodumisa | ziyodumisa | aziyudumisa | ezingeyudumisa | zingeyudumisa |
| Class 11 | luyodumisa | oluyodumisa | luyodumisa | aluyudumisa | olungeyudumisa | lungeyudumisa |
| Class 14 | buyodumisa | obuyodumisa | buyodumisa | abuyudumisa | obungeyudumisa | bungeyudumisa |
| Class 15 | kuyodumisa | okuyodumisa | kuyodumisa | akuyudumisa | okungeyudumisa | kungeyudumisa |
| Class 17 | kuyodumisa | okuyodumisa | kuyodumisa | akuyudumisa | okungeyudumisa | kungeyudumisa |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngidumise | ngingadumisi |
| 2nd singular | udumise | ungadumisi |
| 1st plural | sidumise | singadumisi |
| 2nd plural | nidumise | ningadumisi |
| Class 1 | adumise | angadumisi |
| Class 2 | badumise | bangadumisi |
| Class 3 | udumise | ungadumisi |
| Class 4 | idumise | ingadumisi |
| Class 5 | lidumise | lingadumisi |
| Class 6 | adumise | angadumisi |
| Class 7 | sidumise | singadumisi |
| Class 8 | zidumise | zingadumisi |
| Class 9 | idumise | ingadumisi |
| Class 10 | zidumise | zingadumisi |
| Class 11 | ludumise | lungadumisi |
| Class 14 | budumise | bungadumisi |
| Class 15 | kudumise | kungadumisi |
| Class 17 | kudumise | kungadumisi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngadumisa | ngangadumisa, angadumisa, angangadumisa |
| 2nd singular | wadumisa | wangadumisa, awadumisa, awangadumisa |
| 1st plural | sadumisa | sangadumisa, asadumisa, asangadumisa |
| 2nd plural | nadumisa | nangadumisa, anadumisa, anangadumisa |
| Class 1 | wadumisa | wangadumisa, akadumisa, akangadumisa |
| Class 2 | badumisa | bangadumisa, abadumisa, abangadumisa |
| Class 3 | wadumisa | wangadumisa, awadumisa, awangadumisa |
| Class 4 | yadumisa | yangadumisa, ayadumisa, ayangadumisa |
| Class 5 | ladumisa | langadumisa, aladumisa, alangadumisa |
| Class 6 | adumisa | angadumisa, awadumisa, awangadumisa |
| Class 7 | sadumisa | sangadumisa, asadumisa, asangadumisa |
| Class 8 | zadumisa | zangadumisa, azadumisa, azangadumisa |
| Class 9 | yadumisa | yangadumisa, ayadumisa, ayangadumisa |
| Class 10 | zadumisa | zangadumisa, azadumisa, azangadumisa |
| Class 11 | lwadumisa | lwangadumisa, alwadumisa, alwangadumisa |
| Class 14 | badumisa | bangadumisa, abadumisa, abangadumisa |
| Class 15 | kwadumisa | kwangadumisa, akwadumisa, akwangadumisa |
| Class 17 | kwadumisa | kwangadumisa, akwadumisa, akwangadumisa |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “dumisa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “dumisa (3.2.9)”