# قرظ
## Arabic
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-West Semitic, cognate to Aramaic קרטא / ܩܷܪܱܛܳܐ (qerraṭṭā, “acacia; carob”), and Ancient Greek κεράτιον (kerátion, “carob tree”), matched to the Semitic. This tree is important for tanning and dying, hence the meaning of “to eulogize”.
According to Löw the Syriac word is from Arabic and the Arabic from Greek, but a borrowing of ظ (ẓ) is hard (save from South Semitic). and the Greek gives regularly already existing قِيرَاط (qīrāṭ).
Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou considers a borrowing from Egyptian ꜣqrw (“a tree the fruits of which are used officinally”) with an added second element, compare نَبَق (nabaq) where the same seems to have happened.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qa.raðˤ/

### Noun

قَرَظ • (qaraẓ) m (collective, singulative قَرَظَة f (qaraẓa))
* Acacia spp. or Vachellia spp., especially Vachellia nilotica and Acacia etbaica syn. Vachellia etbaica, and especially its leaves or pods
    Synonyms: طَلْح (ṭalḥ), سَنْط (sanṭ)

#### Derived terms

* قُرَيْظَة (qurayẓa, diminutive)
* قَرَظِيّ (qaraẓiyy)
* قَرَّظَ (qarraẓa, “to eulogize, to praise”)
* تَقَارَظَ (taqāraẓa, “to praise one another”)
* قَرِيظ (qarīẓ, “eulogy”)

#### Descendants

* → Classical Syriac: ܩܪܕ (qrḏ)

### Verb

قَرَظَ • (qaraẓa) I (non-past يَقْرِظُ (yaqriẓu), verbal noun قَرْظ (qarẓ))
* to tan or dye with قَرَظ (qaraẓ)
* to pluck the leaves or pods قَرَظ (qaraẓ)

#### Conjugation
### Verb

قَرَّظَ • (qarraẓa) II (non-past يُقَرِّظُ (yuqarriẓu), verbal noun تَقْرِيظ (taqrīẓ))
* to praise, to eulogize, to commend

#### Conjugation
### Noun

قَرْظ • (qarẓ) m
* verbal noun of قَرَظَ (qaraẓa) (form I)

#### Declension
### References

* “qrṭ$^4$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), “قَرَض”, in Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 1020
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 200–201
* Freytag, Georg (1835) “قرظ”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 428
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “قرظ”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 716
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “قرظ”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2518
* Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎ (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 197
* Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 387–388
* Mandaville, James Paul (2011) Bedouin Ethnobotany. Plant Concepts and Uses in a Desert Pastoral World, Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, page 140
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “قرظ”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 887
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “قرظ”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1018