# qhwaga
## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǃʰwaːɡa/

### Verb

-qhwaga
* (transitive) to rob, to seize, to take by force

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuqhwaga |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqhwaga | ukungaqhwagi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qhwaga | -qhwage |
| Plural | qhwagani | -qhwageni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqhwaga, ngiqhwaga | engiqhwagayo, engiqhwaga | ngiqhwaga | angiqhwagi | engingaqhwagi | ngingaqhwagi |
| 2nd singular | uyaqhwaga, uqhwaga | oqhwagayo, oqhwaga | uqhwaga | awuqhwagi | ongaqhwagi | ungaqhwagi |
| 1st plural | siyaqhwaga, siqhwaga | esiqhwagayo, esiqhwaga | siqhwaga | asiqhwagi | esingaqhwagi | singaqhwagi |
| 2nd plural | niyaqhwaga, niqhwaga | eniqhwagayo, eniqhwaga | niqhwaga | aniqhwagi | eningaqhwagi | ningaqhwagi |
| Class 1 | uyaqhwaga, uqhwaga | oqhwagayo, oqhwaga | eqhwaga | akaqhwagi | ongaqhwagi | engaqhwagi |
| Class 2 | bayaqhwaga, baqhwaga | abaqhwagayo, abaqhwaga | beqhwaga | abaqhwagi | abangaqhwagi | bengaqhwagi |
| Class 3 | uyaqhwaga, uqhwaga | oqhwagayo, oqhwaga | uqhwaga | awuqhwagi | ongaqhwagi | ungaqhwagi |
| Class 4 | iyaqhwaga, iqhwaga | eqhwagayo, eqhwaga | iqhwaga | ayiqhwagi | engaqhwagi | ingaqhwagi |
| Class 5 | liyaqhwaga, liqhwaga | eliqhwagayo, eliqhwaga | liqhwaga | aliqhwagi | elingaqhwagi | lingaqhwagi |
| Class 6 | ayaqhwaga, aqhwaga | aqhwagayo, aqhwaga | eqhwaga | awaqhwagi | angaqhwagi | engaqhwagi |
| Class 7 | siyaqhwaga, siqhwaga | esiqhwagayo, esiqhwaga | siqhwaga | asiqhwagi | esingaqhwagi | singaqhwagi |
| Class 8 | ziyaqhwaga, ziqhwaga | eziqhwagayo, eziqhwaga | ziqhwaga | aziqhwagi | ezingaqhwagi | zingaqhwagi |
| Class 9 | iyaqhwaga, iqhwaga | eqhwagayo, eqhwaga | iqhwaga | ayiqhwagi | engaqhwagi | ingaqhwagi |
| Class 10 | ziyaqhwaga, ziqhwaga | eziqhwagayo, eziqhwaga | ziqhwaga | aziqhwagi | ezingaqhwagi | zingaqhwagi |
| Class 11 | luyaqhwaga, luqhwaga | oluqhwagayo, oluqhwaga | luqhwaga | aluqhwagi | olungaqhwagi | lungaqhwagi |
| Class 14 | buyaqhwaga, buqhwaga | obuqhwagayo, obuqhwaga | buqhwaga | abuqhwagi | obungaqhwagi | bungaqhwagi |
| Class 15 | kuyaqhwaga, kuqhwaga | okuqhwagayo, okuqhwaga | kuqhwaga | akuqhwagi | okungaqhwagi | kungaqhwagi |
| Class 17 | kuyaqhwaga, kuqhwaga | okuqhwagayo, okuqhwaga | kuqhwaga | akuqhwagi | okungaqhwagi | kungaqhwagi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqhwagile, ngiqhwagē | engiqhwagile, engiqhwagē | ngiqhwagile, ngiqhwagē | angiqhwaganga | engingaqhwaganga | ngingaqhwaganga |
| 2nd singular | uqhwagile, uqhwagē | oqhwagile, oqhwagē | uqhwagile, uqhwagē | awuqhwaganga | ongaqhwaganga | ungaqhwaganga |
| 1st plural | siqhwagile, siqhwagē | esiqhwagile, esiqhwagē | siqhwagile, siqhwagē | asiqhwaganga | esingaqhwaganga | singaqhwaganga |
| 2nd plural | niqhwagile, niqhwagē | eniqhwagile, eniqhwagē | niqhwagile, niqhwagē | aniqhwaganga | eningaqhwaganga | ningaqhwaganga |
| Class 1 | uqhwagile, uqhwagē | oqhwagile, oqhwagē | eqhwagile, eqhwagē | akaqhwaganga | ongaqhwaganga | engaqhwaganga |
| Class 2 | baqhwagile, baqhwagē | abaqhwagile, abaqhwagē | beqhwagile, beqhwagē | abaqhwaganga | abangaqhwaganga | bengaqhwaganga |
| Class 3 | uqhwagile, uqhwagē | oqhwagile, oqhwagē | uqhwagile, uqhwagē | awuqhwaganga | ongaqhwaganga | ungaqhwaganga |
| Class 4 | iqhwagile, iqhwagē | eqhwagile, eqhwagē | iqhwagile, iqhwagē | ayiqhwaganga | engaqhwaganga | ingaqhwaganga |
| Class 5 | liqhwagile, liqhwagē | eliqhwagile, eliqhwagē | liqhwagile, liqhwagē | aliqhwaganga | elingaqhwaganga | lingaqhwaganga |
| Class 6 | aqhwagile, aqhwagē | aqhwagile, aqhwagē | eqhwagile, eqhwagē | awaqhwaganga | angaqhwaganga | engaqhwaganga |
| Class 7 | siqhwagile, siqhwagē | esiqhwagile, esiqhwagē | siqhwagile, siqhwagē | asiqhwaganga | esingaqhwaganga | singaqhwaganga |
| Class 8 | ziqhwagile, ziqhwagē | eziqhwagile, eziqhwagē | ziqhwagile, ziqhwagē | aziqhwaganga | ezingaqhwaganga | zingaqhwaganga |
| Class 9 | iqhwagile, iqhwagē | eqhwagile, eqhwagē | iqhwagile, iqhwagē | ayiqhwaganga | engaqhwaganga | ingaqhwaganga |
| Class 10 | ziqhwagile, ziqhwagē | eziqhwagile, eziqhwagē | ziqhwagile, ziqhwagē | aziqhwaganga | ezingaqhwaganga | zingaqhwaganga |
| Class 11 | luqhwagile, luqhwagē | oluqhwagile, oluqhwagē | luqhwagile, luqhwagē | aluqhwaganga | olungaqhwaganga | lungaqhwaganga |
| Class 14 | buqhwagile, buqhwagē | obuqhwagile, obuqhwagē | buqhwagile, buqhwagē | abuqhwaganga | obungaqhwaganga | bungaqhwaganga |
| Class 15 | kuqhwagile, kuqhwagē | okuqhwagile, okuqhwagē | kuqhwagile, kuqhwagē | akuqhwaganga | okungaqhwaganga | kungaqhwaganga |
| Class 17 | kuqhwagile, kuqhwagē | okuqhwagile, okuqhwagē | kuqhwagile, kuqhwagē | akuqhwaganga | okungaqhwaganga | kungaqhwaganga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqhwaga | engāqhwaga | ngāqhwaga | angiqhwaganga | engingaqhwaganga | ngingaqhwaganga |
| 2nd singular | wāqhwaga | owāqhwaga | wāqhwaga | awuqhwaganga | ongaqhwaganga | ungaqhwaganga |
| 1st plural | sāqhwaga | esāqhwaga | sāqhwaga | asiqhwaganga | esingaqhwaganga | singaqhwaganga |
| 2nd plural | nāqhwaga | enāqhwaga | nāqhwaga | aniqhwaganga | eningaqhwaganga | ningaqhwaganga |
| Class 1 | wāqhwaga | owāqhwaga | āqhwaga | akaqhwaganga | ongaqhwaganga | engaqhwaganga |
| Class 2 | bāqhwaga | abāqhwaga | bāqhwaga | abaqhwaganga | abangaqhwaganga | bengaqhwaganga |
| Class 3 | wāqhwaga | owāqhwaga | wāqhwaga | awuqhwaganga | ongaqhwaganga | ungaqhwaganga |
| Class 4 | yāqhwaga | eyāqhwaga | yāqhwaga | ayiqhwaganga | engaqhwaganga | ingaqhwaganga |
| Class 5 | lāqhwaga | elāqhwaga | lāqhwaga | aliqhwaganga | elingaqhwaganga | lingaqhwaganga |
| Class 6 | āqhwaga | āqhwaga | āqhwaga | awaqhwaganga | angaqhwaganga | engaqhwaganga |
| Class 7 | sāqhwaga | esāqhwaga | sāqhwaga | asiqhwaganga | esingaqhwaganga | singaqhwaganga |
| Class 8 | zāqhwaga | ezāqhwaga | zāqhwaga | aziqhwaganga | ezingaqhwaganga | zingaqhwaganga |
| Class 9 | yāqhwaga | eyāqhwaga | yāqhwaga | ayiqhwaganga | engaqhwaganga | ingaqhwaganga |
| Class 10 | zāqhwaga | ezāqhwaga | zāqhwaga | aziqhwaganga | ezingaqhwaganga | zingaqhwaganga |
| Class 11 | lwāqhwaga | olwāqhwaga | lwāqhwaga | aluqhwaganga | olungaqhwaganga | lungaqhwaganga |
| Class 14 | bāqhwaga | obāqhwaga | bāqhwaga | abuqhwaganga | obungaqhwaganga | bungaqhwaganga |
| Class 15 | kwāqhwaga | okwāqhwaga | kwāqhwaga | akuqhwaganga | okungaqhwaganga | kungaqhwaganga |
| Class 17 | kwāqhwaga | okwāqhwaga | kwāqhwaga | akuqhwaganga | okungaqhwaganga | kungaqhwaganga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqhwaga | — | ngingaqhwaga | ngingeqhwage | — | ngingeqhwage |
| 2nd singular | ungaqhwaga | — | ungaqhwaga | ungeqhwage | — | ungeqhwage |
| 1st plural | singaqhwaga | — | singaqhwaga | singeqhwage | — | singeqhwage |
| 2nd plural | ningaqhwaga | — | ningaqhwaga | ningeqhwage | — | ningeqhwage |
| Class 1 | angaqhwaga | — | engaqhwaga | angeqhwage | — | engeqhwage |
| Class 2 | bangaqhwaga | — | bengaqhwaga | bangeqhwage | — | bengeqhwage |
| Class 3 | ungaqhwaga | — | ungaqhwaga | ungeqhwage | — | ungeqhwage |
| Class 4 | ingaqhwaga | — | ingaqhwaga | ingeqhwage | — | ingeqhwage |
| Class 5 | lingaqhwaga | — | lingaqhwaga | lingeqhwage | — | lingeqhwage |
| Class 6 | angaqhwaga | — | engaqhwaga | angeqhwage | — | engeqhwage |
| Class 7 | singaqhwaga | — | singaqhwaga | singeqhwage | — | singeqhwage |
| Class 8 | zingaqhwaga | — | zingaqhwaga | zingeqhwage | — | zingeqhwage |
| Class 9 | ingaqhwaga | — | ingaqhwaga | ingeqhwage | — | ingeqhwage |
| Class 10 | zingaqhwaga | — | zingaqhwaga | zingeqhwage | — | zingeqhwage |
| Class 11 | lungaqhwaga | — | lungaqhwaga | lungeqhwage | — | lungeqhwage |
| Class 14 | bungaqhwaga | — | bungaqhwaga | bungeqhwage | — | bungeqhwage |
| Class 15 | kungaqhwaga | — | kungaqhwaga | kungeqhwage | — | kungeqhwage |
| Class 17 | kungaqhwaga | — | kungaqhwaga | kungeqhwage | — | kungeqhwage |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqhwaga | engizoqhwaga | ngizoqhwaga | angizuqhwaga | engingezuqhwaga | ngingezuqhwaga |
| 2nd singular | uzoqhwaga | ozoqhwaga | uzoqhwaga | awuzuqhwaga | ongezuqhwaga | ungezuqhwaga |
| 1st plural | sizoqhwaga | esizoqhwaga | sizoqhwaga | asizuqhwaga | esingezuqhwaga | singezuqhwaga |
| 2nd plural | nizoqhwaga | enizoqhwaga | nizoqhwaga | anizuqhwaga | eningezuqhwaga | ningezuqhwaga |
| Class 1 | uzoqhwaga | ozoqhwaga | ezoqhwaga | akazuqhwaga | ongezuqhwaga | engezuqhwaga |
| Class 2 | bazoqhwaga | abazoqhwaga | bezoqhwaga | abazuqhwaga | abangezuqhwaga | bengezuqhwaga |
| Class 3 | uzoqhwaga | ozoqhwaga | uzoqhwaga | awuzuqhwaga | ongezuqhwaga | ungezuqhwaga |
| Class 4 | izoqhwaga | ezoqhwaga | izoqhwaga | ayizuqhwaga | engezuqhwaga | ingezuqhwaga |
| Class 5 | lizoqhwaga | elizoqhwaga | lizoqhwaga | alizuqhwaga | elingezuqhwaga | lingezuqhwaga |
| Class 6 | azoqhwaga | azoqhwaga | ezoqhwaga | awazuqhwaga | angezuqhwaga | engezuqhwaga |
| Class 7 | sizoqhwaga | esizoqhwaga | sizoqhwaga | asizuqhwaga | esingezuqhwaga | singezuqhwaga |
| Class 8 | zizoqhwaga | ezizoqhwaga | zizoqhwaga | azizuqhwaga | ezingezuqhwaga | zingezuqhwaga |
| Class 9 | izoqhwaga | ezoqhwaga | izoqhwaga | ayizuqhwaga | engezuqhwaga | ingezuqhwaga |
| Class 10 | zizoqhwaga | ezizoqhwaga | zizoqhwaga | azizuqhwaga | ezingezuqhwaga | zingezuqhwaga |
| Class 11 | luzoqhwaga | oluzoqhwaga | luzoqhwaga | aluzuqhwaga | olungezuqhwaga | lungezuqhwaga |
| Class 14 | buzoqhwaga | obuzoqhwaga | buzoqhwaga | abuzuqhwaga | obungezuqhwaga | bungezuqhwaga |
| Class 15 | kuzoqhwaga | okuzoqhwaga | kuzoqhwaga | akuzuqhwaga | okungezuqhwaga | kungezuqhwaga |
| Class 17 | kuzoqhwaga | okuzoqhwaga | kuzoqhwaga | akuzuqhwaga | okungezuqhwaga | kungezuqhwaga |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqhwaga | engiyoqhwaga | ngiyoqhwaga | angiyuqhwaga | engingeyuqhwaga | ngingeyuqhwaga |
| 2nd singular | uyoqhwaga | oyoqhwaga | uyoqhwaga | awuyuqhwaga | ongeyuqhwaga | ungeyuqhwaga |
| 1st plural | siyoqhwaga | esiyoqhwaga | siyoqhwaga | asiyuqhwaga | esingeyuqhwaga | singeyuqhwaga |
| 2nd plural | niyoqhwaga | eniyoqhwaga | niyoqhwaga | aniyuqhwaga | eningeyuqhwaga | ningeyuqhwaga |
| Class 1 | uyoqhwaga | oyoqhwaga | eyoqhwaga | akayuqhwaga | ongeyuqhwaga | engeyuqhwaga |
| Class 2 | bayoqhwaga | abayoqhwaga | beyoqhwaga | abayuqhwaga | abangeyuqhwaga | bengeyuqhwaga |
| Class 3 | uyoqhwaga | oyoqhwaga | uyoqhwaga | awuyuqhwaga | ongeyuqhwaga | ungeyuqhwaga |
| Class 4 | iyoqhwaga | eyoqhwaga | iyoqhwaga | ayiyuqhwaga | engeyuqhwaga | ingeyuqhwaga |
| Class 5 | liyoqhwaga | eliyoqhwaga | liyoqhwaga | aliyuqhwaga | elingeyuqhwaga | lingeyuqhwaga |
| Class 6 | ayoqhwaga | ayoqhwaga | eyoqhwaga | awayuqhwaga | angeyuqhwaga | engeyuqhwaga |
| Class 7 | siyoqhwaga | esiyoqhwaga | siyoqhwaga | asiyuqhwaga | esingeyuqhwaga | singeyuqhwaga |
| Class 8 | ziyoqhwaga | eziyoqhwaga | ziyoqhwaga | aziyuqhwaga | ezingeyuqhwaga | zingeyuqhwaga |
| Class 9 | iyoqhwaga | eyoqhwaga | iyoqhwaga | ayiyuqhwaga | engeyuqhwaga | ingeyuqhwaga |
| Class 10 | ziyoqhwaga | eziyoqhwaga | ziyoqhwaga | aziyuqhwaga | ezingeyuqhwaga | zingeyuqhwaga |
| Class 11 | luyoqhwaga | oluyoqhwaga | luyoqhwaga | aluyuqhwaga | olungeyuqhwaga | lungeyuqhwaga |
| Class 14 | buyoqhwaga | obuyoqhwaga | buyoqhwaga | abuyuqhwaga | obungeyuqhwaga | bungeyuqhwaga |
| Class 15 | kuyoqhwaga | okuyoqhwaga | kuyoqhwaga | akuyuqhwaga | okungeyuqhwaga | kungeyuqhwaga |
| Class 17 | kuyoqhwaga | okuyoqhwaga | kuyoqhwaga | akuyuqhwaga | okungeyuqhwaga | kungeyuqhwaga |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqhwage | ngingaqhwagi |
| 2nd singular | uqhwage | ungaqhwagi |
| 1st plural | siqhwage | singaqhwagi |
| 2nd plural | niqhwage | ningaqhwagi |
| Class 1 | aqhwage | angaqhwagi |
| Class 2 | baqhwage | bangaqhwagi |
| Class 3 | uqhwage | ungaqhwagi |
| Class 4 | iqhwage | ingaqhwagi |
| Class 5 | liqhwage | lingaqhwagi |
| Class 6 | aqhwage | angaqhwagi |
| Class 7 | siqhwage | singaqhwagi |
| Class 8 | ziqhwage | zingaqhwagi |
| Class 9 | iqhwage | ingaqhwagi |
| Class 10 | ziqhwage | zingaqhwagi |
| Class 11 | luqhwage | lungaqhwagi |
| Class 14 | buqhwage | bungaqhwagi |
| Class 15 | kuqhwage | kungaqhwagi |
| Class 17 | kuqhwage | kungaqhwagi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqhwaga | ngangaqhwaga, angaqhwaga, angangaqhwaga |
| 2nd singular | waqhwaga | wangaqhwaga, awaqhwaga, awangaqhwaga |
| 1st plural | saqhwaga | sangaqhwaga, asaqhwaga, asangaqhwaga |
| 2nd plural | naqhwaga | nangaqhwaga, anaqhwaga, anangaqhwaga |
| Class 1 | waqhwaga | wangaqhwaga, akaqhwaga, akangaqhwaga |
| Class 2 | baqhwaga | bangaqhwaga, abaqhwaga, abangaqhwaga |
| Class 3 | waqhwaga | wangaqhwaga, awaqhwaga, awangaqhwaga |
| Class 4 | yaqhwaga | yangaqhwaga, ayaqhwaga, ayangaqhwaga |
| Class 5 | laqhwaga | langaqhwaga, alaqhwaga, alangaqhwaga |
| Class 6 | aqhwaga | angaqhwaga, awaqhwaga, awangaqhwaga |
| Class 7 | saqhwaga | sangaqhwaga, asaqhwaga, asangaqhwaga |
| Class 8 | zaqhwaga | zangaqhwaga, azaqhwaga, azangaqhwaga |
| Class 9 | yaqhwaga | yangaqhwaga, ayaqhwaga, ayangaqhwaga |
| Class 10 | zaqhwaga | zangaqhwaga, azaqhwaga, azangaqhwaga |
| Class 11 | lwaqhwaga | lwangaqhwaga, alwaqhwaga, alwangaqhwaga |
| Class 14 | baqhwaga | bangaqhwaga, abaqhwaga, abangaqhwaga |
| Class 15 | kwaqhwaga | kwangaqhwaga, akwaqhwaga, akwangaqhwaga |
| Class 17 | kwaqhwaga | kwangaqhwaga, akwaqhwaga, akwangaqhwaga |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhwaga”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhwaga (6.3)”