# 全然
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): quánrán
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄖㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun$^4$ jin$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): choân-jiân / choân-liân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: quánrán
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄖㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyuánrán
*** Wade–Giles: chʻüan$^2$-jan$^2$
*** Yale: chywán-rán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyuanran
*** Palladius: цюаньжань (cjuanʹžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʐän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cyun$^4$ jin$^4$
*** Yale: chyùhn yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn$^4$ jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qun$^4$ yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyːn²¹ jiːn²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$傳言／传言 全然
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: choân-jiân
*** Tâi-lô: tsuân-jiân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoanjieen
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡suan²³⁻³³ ziɛn²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡suan¹³⁻²² d͡ziɛn¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: choân-liân
*** Tâi-lô: tsuân-liân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoanlieen
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡suan²⁴⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Singapore): /t͡suan²⁴⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /t͡suan²⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

### Adverb

全然
* completely; entirely; utterly
       Wǒ duì cǐ shì quánrán bù zhī. [Pinyin]
       I know absolutely nothing about this matter.

#### Synonyms

* 完全 (wánquán)
* 簡直／简直 (jiǎnzhí) (chiefly in exaggerations)
* 純／纯
* 純然／纯然
* 純粹／纯粹 (chúncuì)
* 貼准 ($^7$tiq-tsen) (Wu)
* 逕直／迳直 (jìngzhí) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 全然敗壞／全然败坏 (quánrán bàihuài)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 全然(ぜんぜん) (zenzen)
* → Korean: 전연(全然) (jeonyeon)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 全 | 然 |
| ぜん Grade: 3 | ぜん Grade: 4 |
| goon | kan'on |

### Alternative forms

* (emphatic) 全(ぜん)っ然(ぜん) (zenzzen)

### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 全然 (quánrán) in the early 1800s from 白話小説 (hakuwa shōsetsu, literally “white-speech novels”), a genre using more colloquial styles, initially with furigana indicating a reading of まったく (mattaku, “completely”).
First cited to a text from 1823, with the ぜんぜん (zenzen) reading became more common starting from the late 1890s.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぜんぜん [zèńzéń] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) ぜんぜん [zèńzéńꜜ] (Odaka –)
* (Tokyo) ぜんぜん [zèńzéꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [d͡zẽ̞nd͡zẽ̞ɴ]
* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

全(ぜん)然(ぜん) • (zenzen)
* [from late 1890s] (not) at all (with negative verb)
    Synonym: (Hakata) いっちょん (itchon)
    Antonym: よく (yoku, “frequently, often”)
    私(わたし)は料(りょう)理(り)など全(ぜん)然(ぜん)しない。自(じ)信(しん)がないからね。
       Watashi wa ryōri nado zenzen shinai. Jishin ga nai kara ne.
       I don't cook at all, since I lack the confidence.
    「わかった？」 「いや、全(ぜん)然(ぜん)。」
       “Wakatta?” “Iya, zenzen.”
       "Got it?"   "Nope, not at all."
** 2009 March 9, Tsugumi Ohba with Obata, Takeshi, “12(じゅうに)ページ 10(じゅう)と２(に) [Page 12: 10 and 2]”, in BAKUMAN(バクマン)。 [Bakuman.], volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
    高(たか)木(ぎ)は今(いま)からあたしとの結(けっ)婚(こん)考(かんが)えてる？全(ぜん)然(ぜん)
       Takagi wa ima kara atashi to no kekkon kangaeteru?
       Takagi, are you planning to marry me?
       Zenzen
       Not at all
* [from 1950] (colloquial) totally, completely (with affirmative verb)
    Synonyms: 全く (mattaku), 非常に, とても
    全(ぜん)然(ぜん)違(ちが)う話(はなし)
       zenzen chigau hanashi
       a completely different story

#### See also

* 余(あま)り (amari): (with negative verbs) very often, all that much
* 時(とき)々(どき) (tokidoki): sometimes, at times, occasionally

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 全 | 然 |

### Adverb

全然 • (jeonyeon) (hangeul 전연)
* hanja form of 전연 (“completely”)