# 精誠
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīngchéng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄔㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zing$^1$ sing$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): cheng-sêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng$^1$ sêng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīngchéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jingchéng
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^1$-chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: jīng-chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingcherng
*** Palladius: цзинчэн (czinčɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$京城 精誠／精诚
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zing$^1$ sing$^4$
*** Yale: jīng sìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzing$^1$ sing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jing$^1$ xing$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-sêng
*** Tâi-lô: tsing-sîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zengseeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³ siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zêng$^1$ sêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng sêng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seŋ³³⁻²³ seŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsjeng dzyeng
Rime :
| Character | 精 | 誠 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 子盈切 | 是征切 |
| Baxter | tsjeng | dzyeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡siᴇŋ/ | /d͡ʑiᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɛŋ/ | /d͡ʑiɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡siæŋ/ | /d͡ʑiæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡siajŋ/ | /d͡ʑiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siɛŋ/ | /ʑiɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭɛŋ/ | /ʑĭɛŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡si̯ɛŋ/ | /ʑi̯ɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīng | chéng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zing$^1$ | sing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tseŋ [d]eŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleŋ djeŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 精 | 誠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jīng | chéng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsjeng › | ‹ dzyeng › |
| Old Chinese | /*tseŋ/ | /*[d]eŋ/ |
| English | fine rice; pure | sincere |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 精 | 誠 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11327 | 1419 |
| Phonetic component | 生 | 成 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 精 | 成 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsleŋ/ | /*djeŋ/ |

### Noun

精誠
* (literary) absolute sincerity; good faith
    大醫精誠／大医精诚 ― dàyī jīngchéng ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Derived terms

* 精誠所至，金石為開／精诚所至，金石为开 (jīngchéngsuǒzhì, jīnshíwéikāi)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 精誠(せいせい) (seisei); 精誠(せいぜい) (seizei)
* → Korean: 정성(精誠) (jeongseong)
* → Vietnamese: tinh thành (精誠)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 精 | 誠 |
| せい Grade: 5 | せい Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||
Kanji in this term :
| 精 | 誠 |
| せい Grade: 5 | せい Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

In the second, less common pronunciation, the sei changes to zei as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せーせー [sèéséé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [se̞ːse̞ː]
* (Tokyo) せーぜー [sèézéé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [se̞ːze̞ː]

### Noun

精(せい)誠(せい) or 精誠(せいぜい) • (seisei or seizei)
* absolute sincerity; good faith

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 精 | 誠 |

### Noun

精誠 • (jeongseong) (hangeul 정성)
* hanja form of 정성

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 精 | 誠 |

### Noun

精誠
* chữ Hán form of tinh thành.