# 寧馨
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): níngxīn, níngxīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄣ, ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: níngxīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: níngsin
*** Wade–Giles: ning$^2$-hsin$^1$
*** Yale: níng-syīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ningshin
*** Palladius: нинсинь (ninsinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /niŋ³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: níngxīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: níngsing
*** Wade–Giles: ning$^2$-hsing$^1$
*** Yale: níng-syīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ningshing
*** Palladius: нинсин (ninsin)
*** Sinological IPA : /niŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: neng xeng
Rime :
| Character | 寧 | 馨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 奴丁切 | 呼刑切 |
| Baxter | neng | xeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /neŋ/ | /heŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /neŋ/ | /heŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɛŋ/ | /xɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nɛjŋ/ | /hɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /neŋ/ | /xeŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /nieŋ/ | /xieŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /nieŋ/ | /xieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | níng | xīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ning$^4$ | hing$^1$ |

### Pronoun

寧馨
* (literary, during the Jin–Song period) that kind; that; such

#### Derived terms

* 寧馨兒／宁馨儿

### Adjective

寧馨
* (Wuhan Mandarin, dated) beautiful; pretty
* (Wuhan Mandarin) clean
* (Wuhan Mandarin) neat; tidy

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 漂亮, 好看, 美, 美麗, 美觀, 佳 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 好看, 漂亮, 俊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 好看, 漂亮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 好看, 漂亮, 標緻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 好看, 漂亮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 好看, 漂亮, 俊, 美 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 標緻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 美麗 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 好看, 漂亮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 好看 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 好看, 漂亮, 俊 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 好看, 漂亮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 好看 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 好看, 漂亮, 俊, 俊巴, 美 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 俊 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 漂亮, 俊 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 好看, 漂亮, 美, 標緻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 好看 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 漂亮, 標緻, 好看, 齊整 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 嫽, 排場, 心疼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 好看, 標緻, 俊, 秀溜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 俊, 冠冕, 辦事 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 俊 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 好看, 漂亮, 美, 俊 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 翠活 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 好看, 漂亮, 乖, 抻抖, 抻展 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 乖, 抻抖 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 體面, 寧馨, 標, 媌, 刮氣, 美 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 抻透, 抻展, 好看, 漂亮, 秀氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 好看, 漂亮, 標緻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 漂亮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 靚$_2$, 㜺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 不醜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 不醜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 好看, 漂亮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 美, 漂亮, 好看, 格式, 排場 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 靚$_2$, 好睇, 好樣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 靚$_2$, 好睇 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Macau | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 靚$_2$, 好樣 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 好看, 好樣, 靚$_2$, 整齊 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 靚$_2$ |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 靚$_2$ |
| Gan | Nanchang | 客氣, 好看, 漂亮, 齊整 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 好看 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 好看, 客氣, 漂亮, 標緻, 標 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 好看, 靚$_2$, 靚$_3$, 僐, 勁, 趣, 端, 標緻, 儒雅 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 俏, 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 排場 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Changting | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Wuping | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Yudu | 標緻, 齊整 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 像, 標緻, 好看 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 靚$_2$, 整, 標緻 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鬧, 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 靚$_3$ |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 靚$_2$ |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 靚$_3$ |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 好看, 標緻, 漂亮 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 好看, 漂亮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 好看, 襲人, 客戲, 漂亮 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 好看, 漂亮, 標緻, 爽整, 襲人, 緻氣 |
| Jin | Linhe | 美, 襲人, 好看, 漂亮 |
| Jin | Jining | 好看, 襲人 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 好看, 襲人, 俊, 漂亮 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 俊 |
| Jin | Handan | 美, 好看, 漂亮, 俊俏, 俊 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 好覷, 雅式, 生得好 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 俊, 生得好, 卓佳, 好看, 漂亮 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 俊 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 媠, 好看 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 媠, 俏 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 媠, 媠靡, 㜅, 好看 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 媠, 㜅 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 媠, 好看 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 媠 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 媠, 俏 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 媠, 好看, 㜅 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 媠 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 靚$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 雅, 好睇 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 雅, 媠, 好睇 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 雅, 媠 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 雅 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 雅, 媠, 如雅 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 雅, 生好, 好睇 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 媠, 生好 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 媠, 生好 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 雅 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 雅 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 清楚 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 靚$_4$, 好望 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 靚$_4$, 靚$_2$, 靚仔, 雅目, 都緻 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 靚$_4$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 靚$_4$ |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 靚$_2$, 好覷 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 㜺, 靚$_2$ |
| Wu | Shanghai | 漂亮, 好看, 好看相, 標緻 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 畢㜺 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) | 出客 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong) | 出客 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Fengxian) | 靈 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jinshan) | 靈 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 標緻, 樣式, 登樣 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 好看, 標緻, 登樣, 漂亮 |
| Wu | Danyang | 好看, 漂亮, 標緻 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 好看, 漂亮 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 好看, 漂亮, 㜅, 㜅門, 㜅頭, 出格, 架勢, 細巧, 細相, 登樣 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 好覷, 生好, 骨切 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 好望, 俏, 漂亮 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 好看, 漂亮, 腆靦, 乖 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 漂亮 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 好看, 漂亮 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 乾淨, 清潔, 潔淨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 乾淨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 乾淨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 乾淨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 乾淨 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 乾淨 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 乾淨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 乾淨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 乾淨, 寧馨 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 乾淨, 清爽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 乾淨, 清亮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 乾淨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 乾淨 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 乾淨, 虔誠 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 淨, 伶俐 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 乾淨 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 乾淨 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 淨, 伶俐 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 淨俐, 伶俐 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 淨俐, 伶俐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 淨俐, 伶俐 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 淨俐, 伶俐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 淨俐, 伶俐 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 淨俐, 伶俐 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 乾淨 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 伶俐 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 伶俐 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 澈潔, 澈 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 澈 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 澈潔 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 澈潔 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 澈潔 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 澈 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 清氣 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 澈, 澈潔 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 澈潔 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 澈潔 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 澈潔 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 澈, 澈潔, 清氣 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 清氣 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 澈潔, 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 澈, 澈潔 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 澈, 澈潔 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 澈氣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 澈 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 澈, 澈潔, 清氣, 清靠 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 澈, 清靠 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 澈潔, 清氣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 澈, 澈潔, 清靠 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 澈潔, 清氣, 清靠 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 澈潔, 清靠, 清氣 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 澈潔, 清氣, 清靠 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 清氣 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 清氣 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 伶俐 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 伶俐 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 清爽 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 清爽, 乾淨 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 了滯, 清水, 光生 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 乾淨 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 乾淨, 料俏 |