# 霜降
## Chinese

* 霜降 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 霜降 (Cantonese)
* Sông-kong (Hakka)
* Sŏng-gáung (Eastern Min)
* Sng-kàng (Southern Min)
* Shuangjiang (solar term) (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): Shuāngjiàng
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄤ ㄐㄧㄤˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): Suang$^1$ jiang$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^1$ gong$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'song$^1$ gong$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Sông-kong
    (Meixian, Guangdong): song$^1$ gong$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): suon$^1$ jion$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): Sóng-go̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): Sŏng-góng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Sng-kàng / Song-kàng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sang$^1$ gang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$saon-kaon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xyan$^1$ jian$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Shuāngjiàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄤ ㄐㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Shuangjiàng
*** Wade–Giles: Shuang$^1$-chiang$^4$
*** Yale: Shwāng-jyàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shuangjianq
*** Palladius: Шуанцзян (Šuanczjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: Suang$^1$ jiang$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: Suong giang
*** Sinological IPA : /suaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^1$ gong$^3$
*** Yale: sēung gong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^1$ gong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^1$ gong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'song$^1$ gong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈsɔŋ⁴² kɔŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sông-kong
*** Hakka Romanization System: song$^ˊ$ gong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: song$^1$ gong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: song$^1$ gong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kɔŋ⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: suon$^1$ jion$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /suɒ̃¹¹ t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Sóng-go̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔŋ⁵⁴ kɔŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Sŏng-góng
*** Sinological IPA : /souŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(k-)}$ŋouŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sng-kàng
*** Tâi-lô: Sng-kàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sngkaxng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³ kaŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ¹¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Song-kàng
*** Tâi-lô: Song-kàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: songkaxng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sang$^1$ gang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sang kàng
*** Sinological IPA : /saŋ³³⁻²³ kaŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$saon-kaon
*** MiniDict: saon$^平$ kaon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$saan-kaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɑ̃⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: xyan$^1$ jian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯æn³³ t͡ɕi̯æn⁴⁵/

### Proper noun

霜降
* The 18th of the 24 solar terms around 23 or 24 October, when hoarfrost descends and is likely to bring the first film of ice

#### Synonyms

* (Ürümqi Mandarin) 打霜

#### Derived terms

* 霜降雨

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 霜降(そうこう) (sōkō)
* → Korean: 상강(霜降) (sanggang)

### See also

* 二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立春 (Lìchūn)、雨水 (yǔshuǐ)、驚蟄／惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)、春分 (Chūnfēn)、清明 (qīngmíng)、穀雨／谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
** Summer: 立夏 (Lìxià)、小滿／小满 (Xiǎomǎn)、芒種／芒种 (mángzhòng)、夏至 (xiàzhì)、小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)、大暑 (Dàshǔ)
** Autumn: 立秋 (Lìqiū)、處暑／处暑 (Chǔshǔ)、白露 (báilù)、秋分 (Qiūfēn)、寒露 (Hánlù)、霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
** Winter: 立冬 (Lìdōng)、小雪 (xiǎoxuě)、大雪 (dàxuě)、冬至 (dōngzhì)、小寒 (Xiǎohán)、大寒 (Dàhán)

## Japanese
### Pronunciation 1

Kanji in this term :
| 霜 | 降 |
| そう Grade: S | こう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||
* (Tokyo) そーこー [sòókóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [so̞ːko̞ː]

### Proper noun

霜(そう)降(こう) • (Sōkō)
* “descent of frost” (one of twenty-four solar terms)

#### Related terms

* 二(に)十(じゅう)四(し)節(せっ)気(き) (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立(りっ)春(しゅん) (Risshun), 雨(う)水(すい) (Usui), 啓(けい)蟄(ちつ) (Keichitsu), 春(しゅん)分(ぶん) (Shunbun), 清(せい)明(めい) (Seimei), 穀(こく)雨(う) (Kokuu)
** Summer: 立(りっ)夏(か) (Rikka), 小(しょう)満(まん) (Shōman), 芒(ぼう)種(しゅ) (Bōshu), 夏(げ)至(し) (Geshi), 小(しょう)暑(しょ) (Shōsho), 大(たい)暑(しょ) (Taisho)
** Autumn: 立(りっ)秋(しゅう) (Risshū), 処(しょ)暑(しょ) (Shosho), 白(はく)露(ろ) (Hakuro), 秋(しゅう)分(ぶん) (Shūbun), 寒(かん)露(ろ) (Kanro), 霜(そう)降(こう) (Sōkō)
** Winter: 立(りっ)冬(とう) (Rittō), 小(しょう)雪(せつ) (Shōsetsu), 大雪(たいせつ) (Taisetsu), 冬(とう)至(じ) (Tōji), 小(しょう)寒(かん) (Shōkan), 大寒(だいかん) (Daikan)

### Pronunciation 2

Kanji in this term :
| 霜 | 降 |
| しも Grade: S | ふ(り) Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 霜降 – see the following entry. :
| 【しもふり】 | [noun] white speckles [noun] (cooking) blanching [verb] (cooking) to blanch Alternative spelling 霜降り |
(This term, 霜降, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 霜 | 降 |

### Noun

霜降 • (sanggang) (hangeul 상강)
* hanja form of 상강

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 霜 | 降 |

### Noun

霜降
* chữ Hán form of sương giáng.