# 視死如歸
## Chinese

| | | to look at; to regard; to inspect | to die; impassable; uncrossableto die; impassable; uncrossable; inflexible; rigid | as (if); such as | to go back; to return |
| trad. (視死如歸) | trad. (視死如歸) | 視 | 死 | 如 | 歸 |
| simp. (视死如归) | simp. (视死如归) | 视 | 死 | 如 | 归 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shìsǐrúguī
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ ㄙˇ ㄖㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): si$^6$ sei$^2$ jyu$^4$ gwai$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sê-sṳ̄-ṳ̀-gŭi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shìsǐrúguī
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄙˇ ㄖㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shìhsǐhrúguei
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^4$-ssŭ$^3$-ju$^2$-kuei$^1$
*** Yale: shr̀-sž-rú-gwēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhsyyruguei
*** Palladius: шисыжугуй (šisyžuguj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵¹ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐu³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^6$ sei$^2$ jyu$^4$ gwai$^1$
*** Yale: sih séi yùh gwāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^6$ sei$^2$ jy$^4$ gwai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^6$ séi$^2$ yu$^4$ guei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː²² sei̯³⁵ jyː²¹ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sê-sṳ̄-ṳ̀-gŭi
*** Sinological IPA : /si²⁴²⁻⁵³ $^{(s-)}$ly³³⁽⁻²¹⁾ y⁵³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(k-)}$ui⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dzyijX|dzyijH sijX nyo|nyoH kjw+j
Rime :
| Character | 視 | 視 | 死 | 如 | 如 | 歸 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 常 (25) | 心 (16) | 日 (38) | 日 (38) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 脂 (15) | 脂 (17) | 魚 (22) | 魚 (22) | 微 (21) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 承矢切 | 常利切 | 息姊切 | 人諸切 | 人恕切 | 舉韋切 |
| Baxter | dzyijX | dzyijH | sijX | nyo | nyoH | kjw+j |
| Reconstructions |||||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiɪ$^X$/ | /d͡ʑiɪ$^H$/ | /sˠiɪ$^X$/ | /ȵɨʌ/ | /ȵɨʌ$^H$/ | /kʉi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑi$^X$/ | /d͡ʑi$^H$/ | /sᵚi$^X$/ | /ȵiɔ/ | /ȵiɔ$^H$/ | /kʷɨi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjɪ$^X$/ | /d͡ʑjɪ$^H$/ | /siɪ$^X$/ | /ȵʑiɔ/ | /ȵʑiɔ$^H$/ | /kiuəi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑi$^X$/ | /d͡ʑi$^H$/ | /sji$^X$/ | /ȵɨə̆/ | /ȵɨə̆$^H$/ | /kuj/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑi$^X$/ | /ʑi$^H$/ | /sji$^X$/ | /ȵiɔ/ | /ȵiɔ$^H$/ | /kiuəi/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑi$^X$/ | /ʑi$^H$/ | /si$^X$/ | /ȵʑĭo/ | /ȵʑĭo$^H$/ | /kĭwəi/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʑi$^X$/ | /ʑi$^H$/ | /si$^X$/ | /ȵʑi̯wo/ | /ȵʑi̯wo$^H$/ | /kwe̯i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shì | shì | sǐ | rú | rù | guī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^6$ | si$^6$ | si$^2$ | jyu$^4$ | jyu$^6$ | gwai$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɡijʔ|ɡijʔ-s sijʔ na [k]ʷəj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡljilʔ|ɡljils|ɢljils hljiʔ nja|njas klul/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 視 | 視 | 死 | 如 | 歸 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shì | shì | sǐ | rú | guī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyij$^X$ › | ‹ dzyij$^H$ › | ‹ sij$^X$ › | ‹ nyo › | ‹ kjwɨj › |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡijʔ/ | /*ɡijʔ-s/ | /*sijʔ/ | /*na/ | /*[k]ʷəj/ |
| English | look, see | look, see | die (v.) | as, like, if | return (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 視 | 視 | 視 | 死 | 如 | 如 | 歸 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11602 | 11604 | 11608 | 12006 | 9623 | 9631 | 17748 |
| Phonetic component | 示 | 示 | 示 | 死 | 女 | 女 | 追 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 脂 | 脂 | 脂 | 魚 | 魚 | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 視 | 嗜 | 示 | 死 | 如 | 洳 | 歸 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡljilʔ/ | /*ɡljils/ | /*ɢljils/ | /*hljiʔ/ | /*nja/ | /*njas/ | /*klul/ |
| Notes | | | 同眎依餘校王韻又神至反加 | | | | |

### Idiom

視死如歸
* to be courageous and not fear death; to not fear sacrificing oneself for a greater cause
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Shìgù jūnzǐ yǐ yì sǐ nàn, shìsǐrúguī; shēng ér rǔ bùrú sǐ ér róng. [Pinyin]
    Therefore a junzi, being at one with righteousness, embraces death in the face of calamity, and regards death as homecoming. To live a life of humiliation is worse than suffering death with honour.