# 憸

| 憸 | U+61B8, &#25016; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61B8 |
| ← 憷 [U+61B7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 憹 → [U+61B9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

憸 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 心人一人 (POMO), four-corner 9808$_6$, composition ⿰忄僉)
* to flatter
* crafty, having a specious tongue

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 404, character 37
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11299
* Dae Jaweon: page 745, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2361, character 9
* Unihan data for U+61B8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 憸 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 厱 | *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam |
| 歛 | *qʰlaːm |
| 臉 | *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ |
| 醶 | *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ |
| 鹼 | *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam |
| 薟 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram |
| 匳 | *ɡ·ram |
| 獫 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ |
| 蘞 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam |
| 籢 | *ɡ·ram |
| 斂 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
| 瀲 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
| 撿 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ |
| 羷 | *ɡ·ramʔ |
| 殮 | *ɡ·rams |
| 簽 | *skʰlam |
| 僉 | *skʰlam |
| 憸 | *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
| 譣 | *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
| 檢 | *kramʔ |
| 瞼 | *kramʔ |
| 儉 | *ɡramʔ |
| 顩 | *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 嬐 | *ŋramʔ |
| 嶮 | *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ |
| 噞 | *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams |
| 驗 | *ŋrams |
| 險 | *qʰramʔ |
| 劒 | *kams |
| 劍 | *kams |
| 𩏩 | *qʰam |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiān (xian$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cim$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sian
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^1$
*** Yale: syān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shian
*** Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cim$^1$
*** Yale: chīm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsim$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːm⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: sjem, tshjem, xjemX, tshjemX
Rime :
| Character | 憸 | 憸 | 憸 | 憸 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 清 (14) | 曉 (32) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) | 鹽 (153) | 鹽 (154) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 息廉切 | 七廉切 | 虚檢切 | 七漸切 |
| Baxter | sjem | tshjem | xjemX | tshjemX |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siᴇm/ | /t͡sʰiᴇm/ | /hˠiᴇm$^X$/ | /t͡sʰiᴇm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɛm/ | /t͡sʰiɛm/ | /hᵚiɛm$^X$/ | /t͡sʰiɛm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjæm/ | /t͡sʰjæm/ | /xiæm$^X$/ | /t͡sʰjæm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /siam/ | /t͡sʰiam/ | /hjiam$^X$/ | /t͡sʰiam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /siɛm/ | /t͡sʰiɛm/ | /xjɛm$^X$/ | /t͡sʰiɛm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭɛm/ | /t͡sʰĭɛm/ | /xĭɛm$^X$/ | /t͡sʰĭɛm$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /si̯ɛm/ | /t͡sʰi̯ɛm/ | /xi̯ɛm$^X$/ | /t͡sʰi̯ɛm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiān | qiān | xiǎn | qiǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sim$^1$ | cim$^1$ | him$^2$ | cim$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*skʰlam/, /*skʰlamʔ/, /*sqʰlam/, /*qʰramʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 憸 | 憸 | 憸 | 憸 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| No. | 10205 | 10207 | 10208 | 10224 |
| Phonetic component | 僉 | 僉 | 僉 | 僉 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 籤 | 憸 | 銛 | 險 |
| Old Chinese | /*skʰlam/ | /*skʰlamʔ/ | /*sqʰlam/ | /*qʰramʔ/ |

### Definitions

憸
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 㤿憸／㤿𪫺
* 憸人／𪫺人
* 憸佞／𪫺佞
* 憸邪／𪫺邪

### References

* “憸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): せん (sen)、けん (ken)
* Kun: かたよる (katayoru)

## Korean
### Hanja

憸 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, Yale sem)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.