# 鐮

| 鐮 | U+942E, &#37934; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-942E |
| ← 鐭 [U+942D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鐯 → [U+942F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鐮 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+13, 21 strokes, cangjie input 金戈廿金 (CITC), four-corner 8013$_7$, composition ⿰釒廉)

#### Related characters

* 鎌 (Variant traditional form of 鐮. Also the preferred form for the meaning "sickle" in Japanese kanji)
* 䥥 (Variant traditional form of 鐮 in mainland China. Variant form of 鎌 in Taiwan based on Zhengzitong dictionary)
* 镰 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1323, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40927
* Dae Jaweon: page 1823, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4265, character 12
* Unihan data for U+942E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 譧 | *r'eːms |
| 賺 | *r'eːms |
| 尲 | *kreːm |
| 鹻 | *kreːmʔ |
| 歉 | *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms |
| 槏 | *kʰreːmʔ |
| 鰜 | *ɡreːm, *keːm |
| 稴 | *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm |
| 豏 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms |
| 甉 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm |
| 廉 | *ɡ·rem |
| 鎌 | *ɡ·rem |
| 鬑 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
| 鐮 | *ɡ·rem |
| 簾 | *ɡ·rem |
| 薕 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
| 蠊 | *ɡ·rem |
| 嬚 | *ɡ·remʔ |
| 溓 | *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ |
| 嵰 | *kʰremʔ |
| 隒 | *ŋɡremʔ |
| 熑 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 濂 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 燫 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 兼 | *keːm, *keːms |
| 縑 | *keːm |
| 鶼 | *keːm |
| 蒹 | *keːm |
| 搛 | *keːm |
| 謙 | *kʰeːm |
| 膁 | *kʰeːmʔ |
| 嗛 | *kʰeːmʔ |
| 慊 | *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb |
| 傔 | *kʰeːms |
| 馦 | *qʰeːm |
| 嫌 | *ɡeːm |
| 鼸 | *ɡeːmʔ |
| 尷 | *kreːm |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rem) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjam (“sharp”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lián (lian$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lim$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liâm / nî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): niam$^5$ / liêm$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lián
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lián
*** Wade–Giles: lien$^2$
*** Yale: lyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
*** Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lim$^4$
*** Yale: lìhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lim$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːm²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâm
*** Tâi-lô: liâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liaam
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liam²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liam¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liam²³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nî
*** Tâi-lô: nî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /nĩ²⁴/
* liâm - literary;
* nî - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: ljem
Rime :
| Character | 鐮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力鹽切 |
| Baxter | ljem |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljæm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liam/ |
| Li Rong | /liɛm/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭɛm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /li̯ɛm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lim$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·rem/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鐮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6045 |
| Phonetic component | 兼 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 廉 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·rem/ |

### Definitions

鐮
* sickle
    鐮刀／镰刀 ― liándāo ― sickle

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 鐮 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鐮刀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 鐮刀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 鐮刀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 鐮刀 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 鐮刀 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 鐮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 鐮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 鐮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 鐮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 鐮刀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 鐮刀 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 鐮刀 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 鐮刀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 鐮刀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 鐮刀, 鐮子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 鐮刀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 鐮刀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 鐮刀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 鐮子, 彎刀, 鐮刀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 鐮刀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鐮刀, 禾鐮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鐮刀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 禾鐮 for reaping rice, 草鐮 for cutting grass |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 禾鐮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 禾鐮刀 for reaping rice, 鐮刀 for cutting grass |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 禾鐮 for reaping rice, 草鐮 for cutting grass |
| Cantonese | Macau | 鐮刀 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 牙鐮, 禾鐮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 禾鐮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 草鐮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 牙鐮 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 鐮刀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 鐮刀, 草刀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 鐮刀 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 禾鐮 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 禾鐮 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 鐮刀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 鐮刀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 牙鐮 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 禾鐮 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 禾鐮 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 禾鐮 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 禾鐮 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 禾鐮 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 禾鐮 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 禾鐮 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 牙鐮, 鐮 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 鐮 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 鐮仔, 禾鐮 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 鐮刀 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 鐮刀 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 鐮刀, 禾鐮 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 鐮子, 禾鐮 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 鐮刀, 鐮仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 禾鐮 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 鐮 for cutting grass, 禾鐮 for reaping rice |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 禾鐮 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 牙鐮 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 禾鐮 for reaping rice |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 禾鐮 for reaping rice |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 禾鐮 for reaping rice |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 禾鐮 for reaping rice |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 草鐮 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 禾鐮 for reaping rice |
| Hakka | Luhe | 禾鐮仔 for reaping rice |
| Hakka | Yudu | 鐮刀, 禾鐮 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 禾鐮, 禾鐮仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 禾鐮, 禾鐮仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 禾鐮 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 禾鐮 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 禾鐮 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鐮鐵 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 禾鐮 for reaping rice, 鐮刀 for cutting grass |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 鐮刀 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 伐鐮 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 禾鐮 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 鐮刀 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 鐮刀, 鐮, 鐮兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 鐮刀 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 截仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 鐮刀, 鐮鍥 toothless, wider blade, 鍥囝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鍥仔, 鍥鐮 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鍥仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鍥仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 割草鍥仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 草鍥仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 鐮歷仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 草鍥 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 草鍥仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鍥仔 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 草鍥仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 鐮歷仔 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 鐮 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 鐮刀 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 鐮 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 鐮 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 鐮, 鉤鐮, 彎鉤鐮 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 鐮刀 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 鐮刀 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 鐮鉤 for wheat, 䥛橫 short |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 鐮刀 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 牙鐮 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 鐮刀, 禾鐮 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 鐮刀, 䥛子, 䥛, 橫 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 䥛子, 大䥛 |
| Wu | Danyang | 鐮刀 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 鐮刀 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 鐮刀 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 彎刀, 稻䥛 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 鐮刀, 禾鐮子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 禾鐮子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 茅鐮, 禾鐮子 |

#### Compounds

* 打火鐮／打火镰 (dǎhuǒlián)
* 掛鐮／挂镰
* 火鐮／火镰 (huǒlián)
* 鉤鐮槍／钩镰枪
* 鐮倉／镰仓 (Liáncāng)
* 鐮倉幕府／镰仓幕府
* 鐮刀／镰刀 (liándāo)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04352
* “鐮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* Alternative form of 鎌 (“sickle”)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): れん (ren)
* Kun: かま (kama)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鐮: Hán Việt readings: liêm
鐮: Nôm readings: liềm, liêm, lẹm
* Nôm form of liềm (“sickle”).

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* ↑ Trần (2004).
* 1 2 Hồ (1976).