# 綽約
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chuòyuē
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄛˋ ㄩㄝ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): coek$^3$ joek$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuòyuē
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄛˋ ㄩㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chuòyue
*** Wade–Giles: chʻo$^4$-yüeh$^1$
*** Yale: chwò-ywē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuohiue
*** Palladius: чоюэ (čojue)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coek$^3$ joek$^3$
*** Yale: cheuk yeuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoek$^8$ joek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêg$^3$ yêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœːk̚³ jœːk̚³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyhak 'jak
Rime :
| Character | 綽 | 約 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 藥 (107) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 昌約切 | 於略切 |
| Baxter | tsyhak | 'jak |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰɨɐk̚/ | /ʔɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰiɐk̚/ | /ʔiɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰiɑk̚/ | /ʔiɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰɨak̚/ | /ʔɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiak̚/ | /ʔiak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭak̚/ | /ĭak̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯ak̚/ | /ʔi̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chuo | yue |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | coek$^3$ | joek$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰawk [q](r)ewk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjewɢ ʔlewɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 綽 | 約 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chuò | yuē |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyhak › | ‹ ʔjak › |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰawk/ | /*[q](r)ewk/ |
| English | indulgent, gentle | bind (v.), make an agreement |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 綽 | 約 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| No. | 17762 | 11201 |
| Phonetic component | 卓 | 勺 |
| Rime group | 藥 | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 綽 | 約 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰjewɢ/ | /*ʔlewɢ/ |

### Adjective

綽約
* (literary, of a woman) graceful

#### Derived terms

* 丰姿綽約／丰姿绰约
* 丰神綽約／丰神绰约
* 綽約多姿／绰约多姿
* 風姿綽約／风姿绰约

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 綽 | 約 |
| しゃく Hyōgai | やく Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 婥約

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゃくやく [shàkúyákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕa̠kɯ̟ja̠kɯ̟]

#### Adjective

綽(しゃく)約(やく) • (shakuyaku) $^†$-tari (adnominal 綽(しゃく)約(やく)とした (shakuyaku to shita) or 綽(しゃく)約(やく)たる (shakuyaku taru), adverbial 綽(しゃく)約(やく)と (shakuyaku to) or 綽(しゃく)約(やく)として (shakuyaku to shite))
* (literary) graceful

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 綽約たら | しゃくやくたら | syakuyakutara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 綽約と$^{[1]}$ 綽約たり$^{[2]}$ | しゃくやくと しゃくやくたり | syakuyakuto syakuyakutari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 綽約たり | しゃくやくたり | syakuyakutari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 綽約たる | しゃくやくたる | syakuyakutaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 綽約たれ | しゃくやくたれ | syakuyakutare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 綽約たれ | しゃくやくたれ | syakuyakutare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 綽約たらず | しゃくやくたらず | syakuyakutarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 綽約たれど | しゃくやくたれど | syakuyakutaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 綽約たれば | しゃくやくたれば | syakuyakutareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 綽約たらば | しゃくやくたらば | syakuyakutaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 綽約たりき | しゃくやくたりき | syakuyakutariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 綽約たりけり | しゃくやくたりけり | syakuyakutarikeri |
| Adverbial | 綽約と | しゃくやくと | syakuyakuto |
| $^{[1]}$Without auxiliary verb. $^{[2]}$With auxiliary verb. ||||

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 綽 | 約 |
| しゃく Hyōgai | やく Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 綽約 – see the following entry. :
| 【淖約しゃくやく】 | [adjective] (literary, rare) charming; fascinating; strikingly beautiful Alternative spelling 婥約 |
(This term, 綽約, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 綽 | 約 |

### Noun

綽約 • (jagyak) (hangeul 작약)
* hanja form of 작약