# 賀

| 賀 | U+8CC0, &#36032; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CC0 |
| ← 貿 [U+8CBF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 賁 → [U+8CC1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

賀 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 大口月山金 (KRBUC), four-corner 4680$_6$, composition ⿱加貝)

#### Derived characters

* 㵑 𪳺 𧝂 𧬂 𮜗 𠟒 𮆓

#### Descendants

* 𛀞

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1207, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36725
* Dae Jaweon: page 1671, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3636, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8CC0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 賀 :
| Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 妿 | *kaːl, *qaːl |
| 賀 | *ɡaːls |
| 迦 | *ka, *kal, *kraːl |
| 茄 | *ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl |
| 伽 | *ɡa, *ɡal |
| 枷 | *ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl |
| 嘉 | *kraːl |
| 加 | *kraːl |
| 笳 | *kraːl |
| 痂 | *kraːl |
| 袈 | *kraːl |
| 跏 | *kraːl |
| 珈 | *kraːl |
| 鴐 | *kraːl |
| 架 | *kraːls |
| 駕 | *kraːls |
| 瘸 | *ɡʷal |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːls) : phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl) + semantic 貝 (“shellfish money”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hè (he$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ho$^6$ / ho$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ho
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fo$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hô̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hō
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ho$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$wu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hè
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hè
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^4$
*** Yale: hè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ho$^6$ / ho$^3$
*** Yale: hoh / ho
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ho$^6$ / ho$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ho$^6$ / ho$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔː²²/, /hɔː³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ho
*** Hakka Romanization System: ho
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ho$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ho⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fo⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hô̤
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō
*** Tâi-lô: hō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ho²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ho⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ho²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ho³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ho$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hō
*** Sinological IPA : /ho¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$wu
*** MiniDict: wu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²³/
* Middle Chinese: haH
Rime :
| Character | 賀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡箇切 |
| Baxter | haH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɑ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦɑ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɑ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦa$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɑ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɑ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣɑ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ho$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kˤaj-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 賀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ha$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-kˁaj-s/ |
| English | congratulate |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 賀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5862 |
| Phonetic component | 加 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 賀 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡaːls/ |

### Definitions

賀
* to congratulate
    慶賀／庆贺 ― qìnghè ― to celebrate; congratulate
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Shòu tiān zhī hù, sìfāng lái hè. [Pinyin]
    They will receive the blessing of Heaven. And from the four quarters [of the kingdom] will felicitations come to them.
* a surname
    賀知章／贺知章 ― Hè Zhīzhāng ― He Zhizhang / He Chih-chang (a Chinese poet, one of the Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup)

### Compounds

* 可喜可賀／可喜可贺 (kěxǐkěhè)
* 可賀／可贺 (kěhè)
* 可賀敦／可贺敦
* 吐賀／吐贺
* 同賀／同贺
* 弔賀迎送／吊贺迎送
* 忭賀／忭贺
* 恭賀／恭贺 (gōnghè)
* 恭賀新禧／恭贺新禧 (gōnghèxīnxǐ)
* 慶賀／庆贺 (qìnghè)
* 拜賀／拜贺 (bàihè)
* 有賀／有贺
* 朝賀／朝贺 (cháohè)
* 燕賀／燕贺
* 燕雀相賀／燕雀相贺
* 祝賀／祝贺 (zhùhè)
* 稱賀／称贺 (chēnghè)
* 網路賀卡／网路贺卡
* 致賀／致贺
* 賀儀／贺仪 (hèyí)
* 賀函／贺函
* 賀分／贺分
* 賀功／贺功 (hègōng)
* 賀卡／贺卡 (hèkǎ)
* 賀后罵殿／贺后骂殿
* 賀喜／贺喜 (hèxǐ)
* 賀喜撮空／贺喜撮空
* 賀壽／贺寿 (hèshòu)
* 賀客／贺客
* 賀家坪／贺家坪 (Hèjiāpíng)
* 賀年／贺年 (hènián)
* 賀年卡／贺年卡
* 賀年片／贺年片
* 賀忱／贺忱
* 賀悃／贺悃
* 賀房／贺房
* 賀正／贺正 (hèzhēng)
* 賀歲／贺岁 (hèsuì)
* 賀爾蒙／贺尔蒙 (hè'ěrméng)
* 賀禮／贺礼 (hèlǐ)
* 賀節／贺节
* 賀蘭／贺兰 (Hèlán)
* 賀蘭山／贺兰山 (Hèlán Shān)
* 賀表／贺表
* 賀詞／贺词 (hècí)
* 賀電／贺电 (hèdiàn)
* 道賀／道贺 (dàohè)
* 開賀／开贺
* 陛賀／陛贺
* 電子賀卡／电子贺卡
* 電賀／电贺 (diànhè)

### References

* “賀”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* congratulate, greet, celebrate

#### Readings

* Go-on: が (ga, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: か (ka)
* Kun: よろこぶ (yorokobu, 賀ぶ)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 賀
* が Grade: 4
* goon
From Middle Chinese 賀 (MC haH).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) が [gáꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɡa̠]
* (Tokyo) いわい [ìwáꜜì] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [iβ̞a̠i]

### Noun

賀(が) • (ga)  賀(いわい) • (iwai)
* congratulation

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

賀 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

賀: Hán Nôm readings: hạ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.