# 竽

| 竽 | U+7AFD, &#31485; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AFD |
| ← 竼 [U+7AFC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 竾 → [U+7AFE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

竽 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹一木 (HMD), four-corner 8840$_1$, composition ⿱𥫗于)
* an ancient free reed mouth organ consisting of bamboo pipes fixed in a wind chest; it was similar to the sheng but generally larger
* a kind of musical instrument with 36 reeds

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 877, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25851
* Dae Jaweon: page 1306, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2948, character 3
* Unihan data for U+7AFD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 侉 | *qaːls |
| 夸 | *kʰʷraː |
| 姱 | *kʰʷraː |
| 胯 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 跨 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 誇 | *kʰʷraː |
| 垮 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 銙 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 骻 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 咵 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 釫 | *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː |
| 摦 | *ɡʷraːs |
| 鮬 | *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː |
| 嶀 | *qʰʷl'aː |
| 扝 | *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː |
| 刳 | *kʰʷaː |
| 郀 | *kʰʷaː |
| 挎 | *kʰʷaː |
| 袴 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 絝 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 褲 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 恗 | *qʰaː |
| 洿 | *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː |
| 瓠 | *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs |
| 鄠 | *ɢʷlaːʔ |
| 污 | *qʷaː, *qʷaːs |
| 杇 | *qʷaː |
| 圬 | *qʷaː |
| 鴮 | *qʷaː |
| 盓 | *qʷaː |
| 汙 | *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa |
| 樗 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 摴 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 荂 | *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa |
| 雩 | *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla |
| 吁 | *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 盱 | *qʰʷa |
| 訏 | *qʰʷa |
| 扜 | *qʰʷa, *qʷa |
| 旴 | *qʰʷa |
| 冔 | *qʰʷaʔ |
| 紆 | *qʷa |
| 陓 | *qʷa |
| 迂 | *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa |
| 虶 | *qʷa |
| 于 | *ɢʷa |
| 盂 | *ɢʷa |
| 竽 | *ɢʷa |
| 邘 | *ɢʷa |
| 玗 | *ɢʷa |
| 芋 | *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 杅 | *ɢʷa |
| 釪 | *ɢʷa |
| 骬 | *ɢʷa |
| 謣 | *ɢʷla |
| 宇 | *ɢʷaʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yú (yu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yú
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yú
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^2$
*** Yale: yú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^4$
*** Yale: yùh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː²¹/
* Middle Chinese: hju
Rime :
| Character | 竽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 羽俱切 |
| Baxter | hju |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦio/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦuə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣio/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷ(r)a/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷa/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 竽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hju › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷ(r)a/ |
| English | reed organ |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 竽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15709 |
| Phonetic component | 于 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 于 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷa/ |

### Definitions

竽
* (historical) the yu, a wind instrument used in ancient China

#### Compounds

* 濫竽／滥竽 (lànyú)
* 濫竽充數／滥竽充数 (lànyúchōngshù)
* 盜竽／盗竽
* 竽律

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: う (u)
* Kan-on: う (u)
* Kun: ふえ (fue, 竽)

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 竽 (MC hju). Compare modern Mandarin 竽 (yú).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɯ̟]

### Noun

竽(う) • (u)
* a woodwind instrument introduced to Japan from China during the Nara period, similar to a 笙 (shō, “a kind of free-reed woodwind instrument”), but larger and one octave lower in pitch
    This instrument fell out of use for 雅楽 (gagaku, “court music”) in the mid-Heian period, and was later reconstructed after World War II based in part on artifacts at the Shōsōin.

#### Idioms

* 竽(う)を好(この)むに瑟(しつ)を鼓(こ)す (u o konomu ni shitsu o kosu): “to play a bass koto to someone who likes the u” → to do something that doesn't suit a person's tastes or preferences

#### Derived terms

* 竽(う)笙(しょう) (ushō)
* 竽(う)籟(らい) (urai)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 竽 (MC hju).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [u]
* Phonetic hangul: [우]

### Hanja

Wikisource 竽 (eumhun 피리 우 (piri u))
* flute
* chief

#### Compounds

* 우뢰 (竽籟, uroe)
* 우생 (竽笙, usaeng)
* 우슬 (竽瑟, useul)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
* Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005).

## Vietnamese
### Han character

竽: Hán Nôm readings: vu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.