# 咬

| 咬 | U+54AC, &#21676; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54AC |
| ← 咫 [U+54AB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 咭 → [U+54AD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

咬 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口卜金大 (RYCK), four-corner 6004$_8$, composition ⿰口交)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 186, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3543
* Dae Jaweon: page 406, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 621, character 2
* Unihan data for U+54AC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 烄 | *keːws, *kreːwʔ |
| 礮 | *pʰreːws |
| 交 | *kreːw |
| 郊 | *kreːw |
| 茭 | *kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ |
| 蛟 | *kreːw |
| 鮫 | *kreːw |
| 鵁 | *kreːw |
| 咬 | *kreːw, *ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw |
| 鉸 | *kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *kreːws |
| 佼 | *kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ |
| 詨 | *kreːw, *qʰreːws, *ɡreːws |
| 絞 | *kreːwʔ |
| 狡 | *kreːwʔ |
| 姣 | *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːw |
| 筊 | *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːw |
| 校 | *kreːws, *ɡreːws |
| 珓 | *kreːws |
| 跤 | *kʰreːw |
| 頝 | *kʰreːw |
| 骹 | *kʰraːw |
| 齩 | *ŋɡreːwʔ |
| 洨 | *ɡreːw |
| 胶 | *ɡreːw |
| 效 | *ɡreːws |
| 効 | *ɡreːws |
| 傚 | *ɡreːws |
| 皎 | *keːwʔ |
| 恔 | *keːwʔ |
| 晈 | *keːwʔ |
| 窔 | *qeːws |
| 駮 | *pqreːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːw, *ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw).
(oral sex): Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 口 + 交.

### Etymology 1

Perhaps Sino-Tibetan; compare Chepang ङेव्‍ह्‌सा (ŋewh-, “to nibble”) (Schuessler, 2007). The Min vernacular readings are reminiscent of Proto-Tai *giəwꟲ (“to chew”), whence Thai เคี้ยว (kíao) (ibid.).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yǎo (yao$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ngao$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngaau$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngau$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngâu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngau$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gàu
* Eastern Min (BUC): gâ / ngāu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kā / kǎ / ngáu / gáu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ga$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ngau; $^6$yau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎo
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^3$
*** Yale: yǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeau
*** Palladius: яо (jao)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ngao$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngao
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋau⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngaau$^5$
*** Yale: ngáauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngaau$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngao$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaːu̯¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡau⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngâu
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngau$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋau̯²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋau⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gàu
*** Sinological IPA : /kau⁴²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gâ / ngāu
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑ²⁴²/, /ŋau³³/
* gâ - vernacular;
* ngāu - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit咬 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iɑu²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /iau²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /iɑu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /iɔ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iɔ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /iau⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /niau⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ȵiɔ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /iɔ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /iɔ⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ȵiɔ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /iau⁴²/ /ŋau⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ŋau⁵³/ /ȵiau⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ŋao⁴²/ 老 /niao⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /iɔ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /iɔo²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /iɔ²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /niau⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ȵiɔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /niɔ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ŋɔ²³/ /ɦiɔ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ŋæ³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔiɔ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ŋuɔ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ŋɔ³⁵/ /ŋo³⁵/ /iɔ³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ŋo²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʐau⁴¹/ /ŋau⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ŋaɯ⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ŋɑu²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋau⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ŋɑu²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋau²³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ŋɛu²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /ŋau¹³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /gau⁵³/ /ŋau⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋau³²/ /kɑ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kau⁴²/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ka³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ka³³/ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡreːwʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 咬 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 6320 |
| Phonetic component | 交 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 齩 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋɡreːwʔ/ |
| Notes | 齩俗或體 |

#### Definitions

咬
* to bite; to snap at; to gnaw
       Yī tiáo gǒu yǎole tā de tuǐ. [Pinyin]
       A dog snapped at his leg.
       Tā bèi xiǎngwěishé yǎoguo. [Pinyin]
       He had been bitten by a rattlesnake.
* to incriminate; to accuse
       Tā zhàn zài bèigào xí shàng, shénme dōu zhāorèn, shénme rén dōu yǎo. [Pinyin]
       He was in the public dock, confessing everything, implicating everybody.
* to articulate; to pronounce
       Zhè ge zì tā yǎo dé hěn zhǔn. [Pinyin]
       He can pronounce this word correctly.
** 1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 士師記 [Judges] 12:6:
       jiù duì tā shuō, Nǐ shuō shìbōliè. Yǐfǎliánrén, yīnwèi yǎo bù zhēn zìyīn, biàn shuō xībōliè. [Pinyin]
       they said to him, “Then say Shibboleth,” and he [the Ephraimite] said, “Sibboleth,” for he could not pronounce it right. (English Standard Version)
* to be nitpicking on words
       Bié lǎo yǎo zhù wǒ nà jù huà bù fàng. [Pinyin]
       Don't keep nagging me about that remark of mine.
* (of dog) to bark
* (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) itchy
* (neologism, slang, euphemistic) Alternative form of 口交 (kǒujiāo, “oral sex; to perform oral sex on”)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 癢, 癢癢, 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 癢, 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 癢, 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 癢癢, 細癢, 刺撓, 刺癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 癢, 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 癢, 刺撓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 癢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 癢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 癢癢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 癢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 癢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 癢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 癢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 癢, 癢癢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 癢, 癢癢, 刺撓 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 癢 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 癢, 刺撓 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 癢 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 癢癢 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 癢, 癢癢 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 刺撓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 癢癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 咬人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 癢, 咬人, 咬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 癢, 咬人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 癢, 咬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 癢, 咬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 癢, 癢癢, 刺撓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 癢, 癢癢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 咬 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 癢, 刺撓 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 癢 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 癢 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 癢 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 癢 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 癢, 咬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 癢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 癢, 咬 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 癢, 癢癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 癢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 癢 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 痕, 癢 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 痕, 痕癢 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 癢, 痎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 癢 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 癢 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jintian) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Mule) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Pingnan | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Gangcheng) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Pingdong) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Sarikei (Xinhui) | 痎 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 痕 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 痕 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 癢 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 癢 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 痎 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 癢 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 痎 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 痎 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 癢 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 癢 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 痎 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 癢 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 癢 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 癢 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 痎 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 癢 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 痎 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 癢 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 癢 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 癢, 癢癢, 刺癢 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 癢 |
| Jin | Datong | 癢 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 咬人, 咬 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 癢, 咬搔 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 癢 |
| Jin | Linhe | 癢, 咬 |
| Jin | Jining | 癢, 咬 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 癢, 圪搔, 刺撓 |
| Jin | Baotou | 咬 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 咬 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 咬 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 咬 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 癢癢 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 癢 |
| Jin | Handan | 癢 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 癢 |
| Jin | Suide | 咬 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 癢 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 癢, 擽, 刺鑿, 刺頁 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 癢, 擽, 刺鑿, 刺頁 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 癢, 擽 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 癢 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 癢, gatai |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 痎 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 癢 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 癢 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 痕 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 癢, 肉癢 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 癢 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 癢 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 癢 |

#### Compounds

* 一口咬定 (yīkǒuyǎodìng)
* 一口咬死
* 切齒咬牙／切齿咬牙
* 反咬
* 咬人狗
* 咬人貓／咬人猫
* 咬住
* 咬合 (yǎohé)
* 咬合不正
* 咬合調整／咬合调整
* 咬嘴
* 咬嚼 (yǎojué)
* 咬字 (yǎozì)
* 咬字兒／咬字儿
* 咬字眼兒／咬字眼儿
* 咬定
* 咬定牙根
* 咬定牙關／咬定牙关
* 咬手
* 咬文嚼字 (yǎowénjiáozì)
* 咬斷鐵／咬断铁
* 咬春
* 咬牙 (yǎoyá)
* 咬牙切齒／咬牙切齿 (yǎoyáqièchǐ)
* 咬破
* 咬秋
* 咬緊／咬紧
* 咬緊牙關／咬紧牙关 (yǎojǐnyáguān)
* 咬群
* 咬耳仔
* 咬耳朵 (yǎo ěrduo)
* 咬舌
* 咬舌兒／咬舌儿 (yǎoshér)
* 咬舌子 (yǎoshézi)
* 咬舌根
* 咬舌頭／咬舌头
* 咬菜根
* 咬薑呷醋／咬姜呷醋 (yǎojiāngxiácù)
* 咬釘嚼鐵／咬钉嚼铁
* 咬頭／咬头
* 啖指咬舌
* 嚼咬人
* 弄狗相咬
* 怒目咬牙 (nùmù yǎoyá)
* 毒咬
* 炒咬
* 狗咬狗 (gǒuyǎogǒu)
* 老咬蟲／老咬虫
* 虎咬豬／虎咬猪 (hǔyǎozhū)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāo (jiao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiao
*** Wade–Giles: chiao$^1$
*** Yale: jyāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiau
*** Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kaew
Rime :
| Character | 咬 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古肴切 |
| Baxter | kaew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠau/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚau/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kau/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨw/ |
| Li Rong | /kau/ |
| Wang Li | /kau/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kau/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kreːw/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 咬 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 6302 |
| Phonetic component | 交 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 交 |
| Old Chinese | /*kreːw/ |

#### Definitions

咬
* Only used in 咬咬.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yāo (yao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yao
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^1$
*** Yale: yāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iau
*** Palladius: яо (jao)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: 'aew
Rime :
| Character | 咬 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 於交切 |
| Baxter | 'aew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠau/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚau/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔau/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔaɨw/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔau/ |
| Wang Li | /au/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔau/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | aau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qreːw/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 咬 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 6334 |
| Phonetic component | 交 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 䫜 |
| Old Chinese | /*qreːw/ |

#### Definitions

咬
* Only used in 咬哇 and 哇咬.

### References

* “咬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “Entry #4789”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: きょう (kyō)、ぎょう (gyō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)、ごう (gō)
* Kun: かむ (kamu, 咬む)

## Korean
### Hanja

咬 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

咬: Hán Nôm readings: giảo, rao, ngẩu, ngấu, ngảo, ngảu, ngáu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.