# 草芥
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cǎojiè
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cou$^2$ gaai$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhó-kài / chhó͘-kài
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cǎojiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǎojiè
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻao$^3$-chieh$^4$
*** Yale: tsǎu-jyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaojieh
*** Palladius: цаоцзе (caocze)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cou$^2$ gaai$^3$
*** Yale: chóu gaai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsou$^2$ gaai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cou$^2$ gai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ kaːi̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-kài
*** Tâi-lô: tshó-kài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoy'kaix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó͘-kài
*** Tâi-lô: tshóo-kài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhofkaix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kai⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: tshawX keajH
Rime :
| Character | 草 | 芥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 皆 (33) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 采老切 | 古拜切 |
| Baxter | tshawX | keajH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /kˠɛi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /kᵚæi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /kɐi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰaw$^X$/ | /kəɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /kɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /kɐi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /kăi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cǎo | jiè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cou$^2$ | gaai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤuʔ kˤr[e][t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰuːʔ kreːds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 草 | 芥 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cǎo | jiè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshaw$^X$ › | ‹ kɛj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁuʔ/ | /*kˁr[e][t]-s/ |
| English | grass, plants | mustard plant |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 草 | 芥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 16547 | 6522 |
| Phonetic component | 早 | 介 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 草 | 誡 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰuːʔ/ | /*kreːds/ |
| Notes | 說文作艸 | |

### Noun

草芥
* (literary, figurative) something small and insignificant; trifle

#### Synonyms

* 草菅 (cǎojiān)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 草芥(そうかい) (sōkai)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 草 | 芥 |
| そう Grade: 1 | かい Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そーかい [sòókáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [so̞ːka̠i]

#### Noun

草(そう)芥(かい) • (sōkai)
* weed and trash; trash

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 草 | 芥 |
| そう Grade: 1 | がい Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [so̞ːɡa̠i]

#### Noun

草(そう)芥(がい) • (sōgai)
* Alternative form of 草芥 (sōkai): weed and trash; trash

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN