# 通達
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tōngdá
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥ ㄉㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^1$ daat$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thong-ta̍t
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tōngdá
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ ㄉㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tongdá
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^1$-ta$^2$
*** Yale: tūng-dá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tongdar
*** Palladius: тунда (tunda)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^1$ daat$^6$
*** Yale: tūng daaht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^1$ daat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^1$ dad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ taːt̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-ta̍t
*** Tâi-lô: thong-ta̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tongdat
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ³³ tat̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tat̚⁴/

### Adjective

通達
* unimpeded; unblocked
* enlightened; liberal; open-minded

#### Synonyms

* (enlightened):
* 進步／进步 (jìnbù)
* 開明／开明 (kāimíng)
* 開通／开通 (kāitong)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “enlightened”):
* 保守 (bǎoshǒu)
* 守舊／守旧 (shǒujiù)
* 落後／落后 (luòhòu)
* 閉塞／闭塞 (bìsè)
* 頑固／顽固 (wángù)

### Verb

通達
* to understand things; to be sensible or be reasonable

#### Synonyms

* 了解 (liǎojiě)
* 佔有／占有 (zhànyǒu)
* 分曉／分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
* 參悟／参悟 (cānwù)
* 悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 懂 (dǒng)
* 懂得 (dǒngde)
* 打生 (Wenzhounese)
* 把握 (bǎwò)
* 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
* 明 (ming$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 明白
* 明瞭／明了 (míngliǎo)
* 曉得／晓得 (xiǎode)
* 會悟／会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
* 洞悉 (dòngxī)
* 清亮 (mainland China)
* 清楚
* 熟似 (Hokkien)
* 熟悉 (shúxī)
* 熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
* 熟識／熟识 (shúshí)
* 理會／理会 (lǐhuì)
* 理解 (lǐjiě)
* 瞭悟／了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
* 知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
* 知曉／知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
* 知識／知识 (zhīshí) (literary)
* 知道
* 覺／觉
* 覺悟／觉悟 (juéwù)
* 覺醒／觉醒 (juéxǐng)
* 認識／认识
* 諳曉／谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
* 諳達／谙达 (āndá) (literary)
* 貫通／贯通 (guàntōng)
* 通曉／通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
* 通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
* 達／达 (literary, or in compounds)
* 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
* 開悟／开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
* 領悟／领悟 (lǐngwù)
* 領會／领会 (lǐnghuì)
* 領略／领略 (lǐnglüè)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 通 | 達 |
| つう Grade: 2 | たつ Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つうたつ [tsùútátsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨːta̠t͡sɨ]

### Noun

通(つう)達(たつ) • (tsūtatsu)
* notice
* skill

### Verb

通(つう)達(たつ)する • (tsūtatsu suru) suru (stem 通(つう)達(たつ)し (tsūtatsu shi), past 通(つう)達(たつ)した (tsūtatsu shita))
* (transitive) to notify
* (intransitive) to be skilled

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 通達し | つうたつし | tsūtatsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 通達し | つうたつし | tsūtatsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 通達する | つうたつする | tsūtatsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 通達する | つうたつする | tsūtatsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 通達すれ | つうたつすれ | tsūtatsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 通達せよ¹ 通達しろ² | つうたつせよ¹ つうたつしろ² | tsūtatsu seyo¹ tsūtatsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 通達される | つうたつされる | tsūtatsu sareru |
| Causative | 通達させる 通達さす | つうたつさせる つうたつさす | tsūtatsu saseru tsūtatsu sasu |
| Potential | 通達できる | つうたつできる | tsūtatsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 通達しよう | つうたつしよう | tsūtatsu shiyō |
| Negative | 通達しない | つうたつしない | tsūtatsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 通達せず | つうたつせず | tsūtatsu sezu |
| Formal | 通達します | つうたつします | tsūtatsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 通達した | つうたつした | tsūtatsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 通達して | つうたつして | tsūtatsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 通達すれば | つうたつすれば | tsūtatsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN