# 蘞

| 蘞 | U+861E, &#34334; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-861E |
| ← 蘝 [U+861D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蘟 → [U+861F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蘞 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+17, 23 strokes, cangjie input 廿人人大 (TOOK), four-corner 4484$_8$, composition ⿱艹斂)
* jiaogulan, herb of immortality, wild vine, Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, formerly: Vitis pentaphylla Thunb.

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1069, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32490
* Dae Jaweon: page 1535, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3332, character 1
* Unihan data for U+861E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 厱 | *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam |
| 歛 | *qʰlaːm |
| 臉 | *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ |
| 醶 | *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ |
| 鹼 | *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam |
| 薟 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram |
| 匳 | *ɡ·ram |
| 獫 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ |
| 蘞 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam |
| 籢 | *ɡ·ram |
| 斂 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
| 瀲 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
| 撿 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ |
| 羷 | *ɡ·ramʔ |
| 殮 | *ɡ·rams |
| 簽 | *skʰlam |
| 僉 | *skʰlam |
| 憸 | *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
| 譣 | *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
| 檢 | *kramʔ |
| 瞼 | *kramʔ |
| 儉 | *ɡramʔ |
| 顩 | *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 嬐 | *ŋramʔ |
| 嶮 | *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ |
| 噞 | *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams |
| 驗 | *ŋrams |
| 險 | *qʰramʔ |
| 劒 | *kams |
| 劍 | *kams |
| 𩏩 | *qʰam |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liǎn (lian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lim$^4$ / lim$^6$ / lim$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liǎn
*** Wade–Giles: lien$^3$
*** Yale: lyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lean
*** Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lim$^4$ / lim$^6$ / lim$^5$
*** Yale: lìhm / lihm / líhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lim$^4$ / lim$^6$ / lim$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lim$^4$ / lim$^6$ / lim$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːm²¹/, /liːm²²/, /liːm¹³/
* Middle Chinese: ljem, xjaem, ljemX
Rime :
| Character | 蘞 | 蘞 | 蘞 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 曉 (32) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) | 嚴 (145) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 力鹽切 | 虚嚴切 | 良冉切 |
| Baxter | ljem | xjaem | ljemX |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇm/ | /hɨɐm/ | /liᴇm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛm/ | /hiɐm/ | /liɛm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljæm/ | /xiɐm/ | /ljæm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liam/ | /hɨam/ | /liam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /liɛm/ | /xiɐm/ | /liɛm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭɛm/ | /xĭɐm/ | /lĭɛm$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /li̯ɛm/ | /xi̯ɐm/ | /li̯ɛm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lián | xiān | liǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lim$^4$ | him$^1$ | lim$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r][a]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·ram/, /*ɡ·ramʔ/, /*qʰlam/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蘞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lián |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljem › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r][a]m/ |
| English | (a kind of creeping plant) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蘞 | 蘞 | 蘞 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 10188 | 10191 | 10229 |
| Phonetic component | 僉 | 僉 | 僉 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 廉 | 斂 | 𩏩 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·ram/ | /*ɡ·ramʔ/ | /*qʰlam/ |
| Notes | | 說文薟或體 | |

### Definitions

蘞
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 白蘞／白蔹

### References

* “蘞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): れん (ren)、けん (ken)、こん (kon)
* Kun: やぶからし (yabukarashi), え (e)