# 草書
## Chinese

* Chō̤-cṳ̆ (Eastern Min)
* 草書 (Classical)
* 草書 (Cantonese)
* 草書 (Written Standard Chinese)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cǎoshū
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄕㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cou$^2$ syu$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhó-sû
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhó-chir / chhó-su / chhó-si / chháu-su
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tshau-sy$_1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cǎoshū
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄕㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǎoshu
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻao$^3$-shu$^1$
*** Yale: tsǎu-shū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaoshu
*** Palladius: цаошу (caošu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cou$^2$ syu$^1$
*** Yale: chóu syū
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsou$^2$ sy$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cou$^2$ xu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ syː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhó-sû
*** Hakka Romanization System: co$^ˋ$ su$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: co$^3$ su$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³¹ su²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-chir
*** Tâi-lô: tshó-tsir
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-su
*** Tâi-lô: tshó-su
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoysw
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-si
*** Tâi-lô: tshó-si
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoysy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-su
*** Tâi-lô: tsháu-su
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhawsw
*** IPA (Penang): /t͡sʰau⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ su³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tshau-sy$_1$
*** MiniDict: tshau$^去$ sy$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tshau-sr$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰɔ³³ sz̩⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tshawX syo
Rime :
| Character | 草 | 書 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 采老切 | 傷魚切 |
| Baxter | tshawX | syo |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /ɕɨʌ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /ɕiɔ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /ɕiɔ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰaw$^X$/ | /ɕɨə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /ɕiɔ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /ɕĭo/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /ɕi̯wo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cǎo | shū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cou$^2$ | syu$^1$ |

### Noun

草書
* cursive script
** (calligraphy) a Chinese calligraphic style
** (by extension) cursive handwriting

#### Usage notes

Sometimes translated as grass script, mistaking the character 草 (cǎo) as meaning grass, when in fact it refers to writing which is careless; sloppy; hasty, for example the meaning implied in the compound words 潦草 (liáocǎo) and 草率 (cǎoshuài).

#### Synonyms

* 草字 (cǎozì)
* 草寫／草写 (cǎoxiě)
* 草寫體／草写体 (cǎoxiětǐ)
* 草體／草体 (cǎotǐ)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 草書(そうしょ) (sōsho)
* → Korean: 초서(草書) (choseo)
* → Vietnamese: thảo thư (草書)

#### See also

* 楷書／楷书 (kǎishū)
* 行書／行书 (xíngshū)
* 雞腸／鸡肠 (jīcháng)

### References

* Tones of the Mandarin Dialect are Given in English and Chinese(【英語官話合講】)·字母 Origin of English grass script

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 草 | 書 |
| そう Grade: 1 | しょ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 草書 (MC tshawX syo).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そーしょ [sòóshó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [so̞ːɕo̞]

### Noun

草(そう)書(しょ) • (sōsho)
* grass script (cursive writing)

#### See also

* 楷書(かいしょ) (kaisho)
* 行書(ぎょうしょ) (gyōsho)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 草 | 書 |

### Noun

草書 • (choseo) (hangeul 초서)
* hanja form of 초서 (“grass script”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 草 | 書 |

### Noun

草書
* chữ Hán form of thảo thư (“grass script”).