# 關係
## Chinese

* 關係 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Guanxi (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): guānxì, guānxī
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ ㄒㄧˋ, ㄍㄨㄢ ㄒㄧ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуанщи (guanxi, I-II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan$^1$ hai$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kôan-he / kôan-hen
    (Meixian, Guangdong): guan$^1$ hi$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): guăng-hiê
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): koan-hē
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guêng$^1$ hi$^6$ / guang$^1$ hi$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$kue-shi$_5$; $^1$kue-yi$_6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guānxì → guānxi (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ ㄒㄧˋ → ㄍㄨㄢ ˙ㄒㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guansi̊
*** Wade–Giles: kuan$^1$-hsi$^5$
*** Yale: gwān-syi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guan.shih
*** Palladius: гуаньси (guanʹsi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯än⁵⁵ ɕi⁵¹/ → /ku̯än⁵⁵ ɕi²/
** (Standard Chinese, common variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guānxī
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guansi
*** Wade–Giles: kuan$^1$-hsi$^1$
*** Yale: gwān-syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanshi
*** Palladius: гуаньси (guanʹsi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯än⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуанщи (guanxi, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /kuæ̃²⁴ ɕi⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwaan$^1$ hai$^6$
*** Yale: gwāan haih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan$^1$ hai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guan$^1$ hei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷaːn⁵⁵ hɐi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôan-he / kôan-hen
*** Hakka Romanization System: guan$^ˊ$ he / guan$^ˊ$ hen
*** Hagfa Pinyim: guan$^1$ he$^4$ / guan$^1$ hen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ he⁵⁵/, /ku̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ hen⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: guan$^1$ hi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuan⁴⁴⁻³⁵ hi⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: guăng-hiê
*** Sinological IPA : /kuaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(h-)}$ŋiɛ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koan-hē
*** Tâi-lô: kuan-hē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koanhe
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kuan⁴⁴⁻²² he²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan³³ he⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuan⁴⁴⁻²² he²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ he³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ he³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: guêng$^1$ hi$^6$ / guang$^1$ hi$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kueng hĭ / kuang hĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /kueŋ³³⁻²³ hi³⁵/, /kuaŋ³³⁻²³ hi³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kue-shi$_5$; $^1$kue-yi$_6$
*** MiniDict: kue$^平$ shi$^去$; kue$^平$ yi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kue-xi$_2$; $^1$kue-hhi$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kue⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/, /kue⁵⁵ ɦi²¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kue⁴⁴ ɕi/, /kue⁴⁴ ɦi/

### Noun

關係
* (countable, uncountable) relation; relationship; connection; tie (Classifier: 個／个; 段)
    確定關係／确定关系 ― quèdìng guānxì ― to establish a relationship
    密切關係／密切关系 ― mìqiè guānxì ― close relationship
    人際關係／人际关系 ― rénjì guānxì ― interpersonal relationships
    雙邊關係／双边关系 ― shuāngbiān guānxì ― bilateral relations
    勞動關係／劳动关系 ― láodòng guānxì ― labor relations
    親子關係／亲子关系 ― qīnzǐ guānxì ― parent-child relationship
    夫妻關係／夫妻关系 ― fūqī guānxì ― marriage
       shìsú hé zōngjiào zhījiān de guānxì [Pinyin]
       the relationship between the secular and the sacred
       Bié gēn tā chě shàng guānxì. [Pinyin]
       Don't get involved with him.
       Tā zài xiě gěi jiālǐ duànjué guānxì de xìn. [Pinyin]
       He is writing a letter to sever relations with his family.
* (uncountable) connections (people with whom one is acquainted who can offer help and influence); guanxi (specifically in Chinese culture, a combination of business and personal relationships whereby parties enhance their ability to do business by building a bond with personal favors)
    靠關係找工作／靠关系找工作 ― kào guānxì zhǎo gōngzuò ― to use one's connections to find a job
* (countable, uncountable) cause; reason (for something happening) (Classifier: 個／个 m)
* (countable, uncountable) influence; effect; impact (Classifier: 個／个 m)
* (uncountable, euphemistic) sexual relations
    發生關係／发生关系 ― fāshēng guānxì ― to have sexual relations
* (countable, databases) relation

#### Synonyms

* (relation):
* 交插 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 干涉 (gānshè) (literary)
* 干過 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 底代 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 淵源／渊源 (yuānyuán)
* 相互聯繫／相互联系 (xiānghù liánxì)
* 芥蒂 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 連牽／连牵 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* (connections):
* 人脈／人脉 (rénmài)
* 資源／资源 (zīyuán) (euphemistic)
* 路子 (lùzi)
* 路數／路数 (lùshù)
* 門道／门道 (méndao)
* (cause):
* 來由／来由 (láiyóu)
* 原因 (yuányīn)
* 因由 (yīnyóu)
* 因端 (Hokkien)
* 因致端 (Hokkien)
* 基因 (jīyīn) (dated)
* 張本／张本 (zhāngběn) (literary)
* 成因 (chéngyīn)
* 所以然 (suǒyǐrán)
* 根由 (gēnyóu)
* 理由 (lǐyóu)
* 緣故／缘故 (yuángù)
* 緣由／缘由 (yuányóu)
* 緣起／缘起 (yuánqǐ)
* 肇因 (zhàoyīn)
* 言因 (Anxi Hokkien)
* 說道／说道 (shuōdao) (colloquial)
* 起因 (qǐyīn)
* 道理 (dàolǐ)
* (influence): 影響／影响 (yǐngxiǎng), 作用 (zuòyòng)
* (sexual relations):
* 兩性關係／两性关系 (liǎngxìng guānxì) (between men and women)
* 性愛／性爱 (xìng'ài)
* 性關係／性关系 (xìngguānxi)

#### Derived terms

* 二元關係／二元关系
* 人事關係／人事关系 (rénshì guānxì)
* 人際關係／人际关系 (rénjìguānxì)
* 供求關係／供求关系 (gōngqiú guānxì)
* 傳承關係／传承关系 (chuánchéng guānxì)
* 兩性關係／两性关系 (liǎngxìng guānxì)
* 公共關係／公共关系
* 冇關係／冇关系
* 利害關係人／利害关系人 (lìhài guānxì rén)
* 勞資關係／劳资关系 (láozī guānxi)
* 嘸沒關係／呒没关系
* 國際關係／国际关系 (guójì guānxì)
* 外交關係／外交关系 (wàijiāo guānxì)
* 性關係／性关系 (xìngguānxi)
* 拉關係／拉关系
* 有關係／有关系 (yǒu guānxi)
* 沒關係／没关系
* 無關係／无关系
* 生產關係／生产关系 (shēngchǎn guānxì)
* 男女關係／男女关系 (nánnǚ guānxì)
* 處關係／处关系
* 裙帶關係／裙带关系 (qúndài guānxì)
* 親屬關係／亲属关系 (qīnshǔ guānxi)
* 開放式關係／开放式关系 (kāifàngshì guānxi)
* 關係主義／关系主义
* 關係代名詞／关系代名词 (guānxì dàimíngcí)
* 關係代數／关系代数
* 關係學／关系学
* 關係形容詞／关系形容词
* 關係性量子力學／关系性量子力学
* 關係戶／关系户
* 關係網／关系网
* 關係鏈／关系链 (guānxìliàn)

### Verb

關係
* to involve; to relate (to); to concern
       guānxì dào rénlèi de shēngsǐcúnwáng [Pinyin]
       to concern the survival of the human race

#### Synonyms

* 事關／事关 (shìguān)
* 攀 (pān)
* 涉及 (shèjí)
* 牽扯／牵扯 (qiānchě)
* 牽涉／牵涉 (qiānshè)
* 連帶／连带 (liándài)
* 關乎／关乎 (guānhū)
* 關涉／关涉 (guānshè) (literary)
* 關聯／关联 (guānlián)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 関係(かんけい) (kankei)
* → Korean: 관계(關係) (gwan'gye)
* → Vietnamese: quan hệ (關係)
Others:
* → English: guanxi

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 關 | 係 |
| かん Hyōgai | けい Grade: 3 |
| kan'on ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 關係 – see the following entry. :
| 【関係かんけい】 | [noun] relationship, relation [noun] involvement, participation [noun] personal connection, family relationship [noun] romantic relationship [verb] be related [verb] be romantically involved |
(This term, 關係, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 關 | 係 |

### Noun

關係 • (gwan'gye) (hangeul 관계)
* hanja form of 관계 (“relationship”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 關 | 係 |

### Noun

關係
* chữ Hán form of quan hệ (“relationship”).