# 伸展
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shēnzhǎn
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ ㄓㄢˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cen$^1$ zan$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): san$^1$ zin$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûn-chán
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sin-tián / chhun-tián
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēnzhǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ ㄓㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shenjhǎn
*** Wade–Giles: shên$^1$-chan$^3$
*** Yale: shēn-jǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenjaan
*** Palladius: шэньчжань (šɛnʹčžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cen$^1$ zan$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cenzan
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰən⁵⁵ t͡san⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^1$ zin$^2$
*** Yale: sān jín
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^1$ dzin$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^1$ jin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn⁵⁵ t͡siːn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn-chán
*** Hakka Romanization System: cun$^ˊ$ zan$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cun$^1$ zan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴ t͡san³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin-tián
*** Tâi-lô: sin-tián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sindiern
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³ tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn⁵³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhun-tián
*** Tâi-lô: tshun-tián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhundiern
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn⁵³/

### Verb

伸展
* to stretch; to expand; to spread

#### Synonyms

* 伸展開／伸展开 (shēnzhǎn kāi)
* 展開／展开 (zhǎnkāi)
* 張開／张开 (zhāngkāi)
* 擴張／扩张 (kuòzhāng, “dilate”)
* 擺開／摆开 (bǎikāi) (formal, literal or figurative)
* 攤／摊
* 舒展 (shūzhǎn)
* 舒張／舒张 (shūzhāng)

### Adjective

伸展 (Southwestern Mandarin)
* (Sichuanese) comfortable
* (Sichuanese) flat; smoothed out
* (Sichuanese) clear; distinct
* (Sichuanese, Dafang) pretty; neat
* (Sichuanese) smooth; unhindered
* (Dafang) wealthy
* (Dafang) straight
* (Dafang) eloquent

#### Synonyms

* 伸抖 (cen1 tou3)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 伸 | 展 |
| しん Grade: S | てん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

伸 (“expansion”) +‎ 展 (“spreading”)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんてん [shìńtéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩntẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

伸(しん)展(てん) • (shinten)
* (anatomy) extension
    Antonym: 屈曲 (kukkyoku)
    Coordinate terms: 回外 (kaigai), 回旋 (kaisen), 外転 (gaiten), 回内 (kainai), 内転 (naiten)
    脚(あし)の屈(くっ)曲(きょく)と伸(しん)展(てん)は、股(こ)関(かん)節(せつ)、膝(ひざ)関(かん)節(せつ)および足(あし)関(かん)節(せつ)の3(みっ)つの関(かん)節(せつ)によって行(おこな)われる動(どう)作(さ)である。
       Ashi no kukkyoku to shinten wa, kokansetsu, hizakansetsu oyobi ashikansetsu no mittsu no kansetsu ni yotte okonawareru dōsa de aru.
       The flexion and extension of the legs are the movement performed by three joints; a hip joint, a knee joint and ankle joint.
* An act of expansion and spreading of a range, scale or influence
    Synonyms: 拡張 (kakuchō), 拡大 (kakudai), 発展 (hatten)
    Antonyms: 縮小 (shukushō), 鎮火 (chinka)
    始(はじ)まりはケチな強(ごう)盗(とう)事(じ)件(けん)だったが、バスジャック事(じ)件(けん)に伸(しん)展(てん)したことでメディアなど衆(しゅう)人(じん)環(かん)視(し)の中(なか)の劇(げき)場(じょう)型(がた)犯(はん)罪(ざい)となってしまった。
       Hajimari wa kechi na gōtō jiken datta ga, basujakku jiken ni shinten shita koto de media nado shūjin kanshi no naka no gekijōgata hanzai to natte shimatta.
       The beginning was just a robbery, but after having extended for a bus hijacking case, it has become a theater-story-like-crime by being exposed in the media and drawing public attentions.

### Verb

伸(しん)展(てん)する • (shinten suru) suru (stem 伸(しん)展(てん)し (shinten shi), past 伸(しん)展(てん)した (shinten shita))
* (anatomy) to extend
    Synonym: 伸ばす (nobasu)
* To expand and spread of a range, scale or influence.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 伸展し | しんてんし | shinten shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 伸展し | しんてんし | shinten shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 伸展する | しんてんする | shinten suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 伸展する | しんてんする | shinten suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 伸展すれ | しんてんすれ | shinten sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 伸展せよ¹ 伸展しろ² | しんてんせよ¹ しんてんしろ² | shinten seyo¹ shinten shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 伸展される | しんてんされる | shinten sareru |
| Causative | 伸展させる 伸展さす | しんてんさせる しんてんさす | shinten saseru shinten sasu |
| Potential | 伸展できる | しんてんできる | shinten dekiru |
| Volitional | 伸展しよう | しんてんしよう | shinten shiyō |
| Negative | 伸展しない | しんてんしない | shinten shinai |
| Negative continuative | 伸展せず | しんてんせず | shinten sezu |
| Formal | 伸展します | しんてんします | shinten shimasu |
| Perfective | 伸展した | しんてんした | shinten shita |
| Conjunctive | 伸展して | しんてんして | shinten shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 伸展すれば | しんてんすれば | shinten sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN