# 慟

| 慟 | U+615F, &#24927; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-615F |
| ← 慞 [U+615E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 慠 → [U+6160] |

## Translingual
### Han character

慟 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心竹土尸 (PHGS), four-corner 9402$_7$, composition ⿰忄動)
* sadness, grief
* mourn
* be moved

#### Derived characters

* 𡂁

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11103
* Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2346, character 6
* Unihan data for U+615F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 慟
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 撞 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 幢 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 橦 | *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 噇 | *rdoːŋ |
| 𩪘 | *rdoːŋ |
| 艟 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 憧 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 畽 | *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ |
| 董 | *toːŋʔ |
| 蕫 | *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 箽 | *toːŋʔ |
| 懂 | *toːŋʔ |
| 湩 | *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs |
| 曈 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 童 | *doːŋ |
| 僮 | *doːŋ |
| 瞳 | *doːŋ |
| 罿 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 犝 | *doːŋ |
| 潼 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 穜 | *doːŋ, *doŋ |
| 動 | *doːŋʔ |
| 慟 | *doːŋs |
| 堹 | *toŋs |
| 諥 | *toŋs |
| 蹱 | *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ |
| 重 | *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs |
| 緟 | *doŋ, *doŋs |
| 蝩 | *doŋ |
| 褈 | *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 鐘 | *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 鍾 | *tjoŋ |
| 籦 | *tjoŋ |
| 種 | *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs |
| 腫 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 踵 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 歱 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 喠 | *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ |
| 偅 | *tjoŋs |
| 衝 | *tʰjoŋ |
| 揰 | *tʰjoŋs |
| 尰 | *djoŋʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tòng (tong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dung$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tòng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^4$
*** Yale: tùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tonq
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dung$^6$
*** Yale: duhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ²²/
* Middle Chinese: duwngH
Rime :
| Character | 慟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒弄切 |
| Baxter | duwngH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /duŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /duŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱuŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dung$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤoŋʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 慟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tòng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ duwng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ˁoŋʔ-s/ |
| English | grieved |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 慟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17450 |
| Phonetic component | 重 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 洞 |
| Old Chinese | /*doːŋs/ |

### Definitions

慟
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Compounds

* 哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
* 大慟／大恸 (dàtòng)
* 悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
* 慟哭／恸哭 (tòngkū)
* 慟哭流涕／恸哭流涕
* 慟絕／恸绝
* 撫尸慟哭／抚尸恸哭
* 撫膺大慟／抚膺大恸
* 觸目慟心／触目恸心

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* lament, grieve

#### Readings

* Go-on: ずう (zū)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kan’yō-on: どう (dō)
* Kun: なげく (nageku, 慟く)

#### Compounds

* 慟哭(どうこく) (dōkoku), 哭慟(こくどう) (kokudō, “wail, lament”)

## Korean
### Hanja

慟 (eum 통 (tong))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

慟: Hán Nôm readings: đỏng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.