# 內媽
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lǎi-má / lāi-má
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lǎi-má
*** Tâi-lô: lǎi-má
*** IPA (Jinjiang): /lai³³⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lai²² mã⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Philippines): /lai³³⁻²² ma⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lāi-má
*** Tâi-lô: lāi-má
*** Phofsit Daibuun: laixmar
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lai²²⁻²¹ mã⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lai³³⁻¹¹ mã⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lai³³⁻²¹ mã⁴¹/

### Noun

內媽
* (Hokkien, non-face-to-face) grandmother

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 祖母 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 祖母 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 奶奶, 奶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 奶奶, 阿嬤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 奶奶, 奶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 奶奶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 奶奶 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 奶奶 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 奶奶 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 婆, 婆婆 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 奶奶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 奶奶, 奶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 奶奶, 奶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 奶, 婆 suburbs, 拿拿 Hui |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 奶奶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 奶奶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 奶奶, 阿奶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 拿拿 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 奶奶 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 奶奶 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 奶奶, 阿奶 Hui |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 婆婆, 奶奶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 太, 奶奶, 婆婆 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 太太, 奶奶, 老太太 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 奶, 奶奶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 奶奶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 婆, 奶, 阿奶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shanglin (Sanli) | 婆 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 奶奶, 奶, 吾奶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 奶奶, 太太 dated |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 奶奶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 奶奶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 婆婆 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 阿嫲, 嫲嫲 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 阿嫲, 嫲 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Xinjiao, Haizhu) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Longxi, Liwan) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huangpu) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Xinshi, Baiyun) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Shijing, Baiyun) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Jiangcun, Baiyun) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Longgui, Baiyun) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Renhe, Baiyun) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zhuliao, Baiyun) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zhongluotan, Baiyun) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Jiufo, Huangpu) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 阿人 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 阿人 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 阿人 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 阿人 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 阿人 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 阿嫲, 嫲嫲, 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 阿媽, 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 吾妣 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 阿嫲, 阿奶 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 阿婆, 阿奶 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 婆 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 阿奶 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 阿娘 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 奶, 阿奶 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 阿婆, 婆, 奶奶 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 阿婆 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 阿嫲 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 阿嫲, 嫲嫲 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 阿嫲 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 婆婆, 奶奶 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 姆媽 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 婆婆 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) | 阿嫲, 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) | 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 阿婆, 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Zengcheng (Zhengguo) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 阿婆, 祖婆 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) | 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) | 阿濟 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) | 阿濟 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) | 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) | 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 娭姐 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) | 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) | 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 阿嬤 |
| Hakka | Changting | 娭姐 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 娭姐 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 娭姐 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 阿姐, 媽 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 媽媽 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 婆婆, 婆, 婆奶 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 婆婆 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 奶奶, 奶 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 婆 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 奶奶, 阿奶 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 姐姐 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 奶奶 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 奶奶 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 阿婆, 阿嬤 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 阿婆, 阿奶 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 阿嬤, 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 阿婆, 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 婆 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 阿婆 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 阿婆 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 婦, 阿婦 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 奶奶, 老姨 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 老婄, 婄 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 阿婄, 婄, 奶兒, 阿奶 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 老婦兒 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 嫗兒, 娪娭 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 婆婆 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 媽媽 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 娘 |
| Huizhou | Jingde | 奶奶 |
| Huizhou | Shitai (Xianyu) | 奶奶 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 奶奶 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 娘娘 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 娘娘啊, 呀娘, 娘娘 |
| Jin | Linhe | 娘娘 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 奶奶 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 娘娘 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 奶奶, 媽媽 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 阿媽 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 嫲老 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 媽老 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 阿老 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 媽媽 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 媽媽 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 媽媽, 阿大 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 依媽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 依媽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 阿媽, 媽 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 依媽 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 媽 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 婆 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 婆 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 阿婆 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 阿婆 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 阿媽 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 依媽 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 阿媽, 俺媽, 內媽 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 俺媽, 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 阿媽, 引媽, 媽仔, 內媽 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 俺媽, 引媽 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 阿媽, 媽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 阿媽, 咉媽, 內媽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 媽 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 媽 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 阿媽, 俺媽 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 阿媽, 內媽 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 俺媽 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 阿媽, 媽 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 阿媽, 俺媽, 內媽 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 俺媽, 阿媽, 引媽 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 媽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 媽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 俺媽 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 阿媽, 媽 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 媽, 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) | 內媽 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 尼奶, 尼媽, 奶, 媽 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 奶, 婆 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 阿媽 face-to-face, 阿婆 face-to-face, 媽 non-face-to-face, 婆 non-face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 阿婆 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 阿媽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 阿媽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 阿媽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 阿媽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 阿媽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 阿媽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 阿媽 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 俺媽 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 婆媽 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 俺媽 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 婆 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 婆, 阿婆 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 奶, 阿奶, 奶奶, 太婆 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 奶奶 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 阿婆 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 阿嫲 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 阿嫲 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 阿嫲 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 阿婆 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 阿婆 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 阿婆 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 嫲 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 姐 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 姐 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 阿姐 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 姐 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 姐 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 婆 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 爾奶, 阿奶, 奶奶 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 裡婆, 親婆, 婆, 阿婆, 婆阿 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 好婆, 好親婆, 親婆 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 親娘 |
| Wu | Danyang | 嫚嫚 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 奶奶 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 阿娘 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 娘娘, 祖婆, 祖婆娘, 阿娘 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 媽媽 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 媽媽 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 娭毑 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 娭毑 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 佳婆, 奶奶 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 奶奶 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 奶奶 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 奶奶 |

### References

* “Entry #740”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.