# 揺蕩う
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 揺 | 蕩 |
| たゆた ||
| Grade: S | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spellings
* 搖蕩う (kyūjitai) 猶予う
/tajutapu/ → /tajutafu/ → /tajutau/
From Old Japanese 揺蕩ふ (tayutapu). Appears in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.
Derived from the adjective たゆた (tayuta, “undecided, unsettled, uncertain in one's thoughts”) + auxiliary verb suffix ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state, spelled and pronounced as う (u) in modern Japanese).
The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字), based on the synonymous Middle Chinese-derived term 揺蕩 (yōtō).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たゆたう [tàyútáꜜù] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [ta̠jɯ̟ta̠ɯ̟]

#### Verb

揺蕩(たゆた)う • (tayutau) intransitive godan (stem 揺蕩(たゆた)い (tayutai), past 揺蕩(たゆた)った (tayutatta))
* to bob, to move about uncertainly as a floating item moves about on the surface of water or some other liquid
    Synonym: 漂う (tadayou)
* to be undecided or uncertain
* to pause or hesitate due to indecision, to dally, to dawdle
    Synonyms: 躊躇う (tamerau), 躊躇する (chūcho suru), (archaic) 猶予う (izayou)

##### Usage notes

The alternative 猶予う spelling is uncommon.

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 揺蕩わ | たゆたわ | tayutawa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 揺蕩い | たゆたい | tayutai |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 揺蕩う | たゆたう | tayutau |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 揺蕩う | たゆたう | tayutau |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 揺蕩え | たゆたえ | tayutae |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 揺蕩え | たゆたえ | tayutae |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 揺蕩われる | たゆたわれる | tayutawareru |
| Causative | 揺蕩わせる 揺蕩わす | たゆたわせる たゆたわす | tayutawaseru tayutawasu |
| Potential | 揺蕩える | たゆたえる | tayutaeru |
| Volitional | 揺蕩おう | たゆたおう | tayutaō |
| Negative | 揺蕩わない | たゆたわない | tayutawanai |
| Negative continuative | 揺蕩わず | たゆたわず | tayutawazu |
| Formal | 揺蕩います | たゆたいます | tayutaimasu |
| Perfective | 揺蕩った | たゆたった | tayutatta |
| Conjunctive | 揺蕩って | たゆたって | tayutatte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 揺蕩えば | たゆたえば | tayutaeba |

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 揺 | 蕩 |
| たゆと ||
| Grade: S | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spelling
* 搖蕩う (kyūjitai)
/tajutapu/ → /tajutafu/ → /tajutau/ → /tajutɔː/ → /tajutoː/
Shift from tayutau above. Listed with a reading of tayutǒ (/tajutɔː/) in the 1603 Nippo Jisho.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ta̠jɯ̟to̞ː]

#### Verb

揺蕩(たゆと)う • (tayutou) intransitive godan (stem 揺蕩(たゆと)い (tayutoi), past 揺蕩(たゆと)った (tayutotta))
* Alternative form of 揺蕩う (tayutau)

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 揺蕩わ | たゆとわ | tayutowa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 揺蕩い | たゆとい | tayutoi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 揺蕩う | たゆとう | tayutou |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 揺蕩う | たゆとう | tayutou |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 揺蕩え | たゆとえ | tayutoe |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 揺蕩え | たゆとえ | tayutoe |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 揺蕩われる | たゆとわれる | tayutowareru |
| Causative | 揺蕩わせる 揺蕩わす | たゆとわせる たゆとわす | tayutowaseru tayutowasu |
| Potential | 揺蕩える | たゆとえる | tayutoeru |
| Volitional | 揺蕩おう | たゆとおう | tayutoō |
| Negative | 揺蕩わない | たゆとわない | tayutowanai |
| Negative continuative | 揺蕩わず | たゆとわず | tayutowazu |
| Formal | 揺蕩います | たゆといます | tayutoimasu |
| Perfective | 揺蕩った | たゆとった | tayutotta |
| Conjunctive | 揺蕩って | たゆとって | tayutotte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 揺蕩えば | たゆとえば | tayutoeba |

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎ (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here just under the highlighted term tayumu