# 岡

| 岡 | U+5CA1, &#23713; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CA1 |
| ← 岠 [U+5CA0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 岢 → [U+5CA2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

岡 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月廿山 (BTU), four-corner 7722$_0$, composition ⿵𦉰山)

#### Derived characters

* 𰂒, 堈, 㟠, 𢜟, 掆(㧏), 𣷣, 棡(㭎), 焵, 犅, 碙, 罁, 綱(纲), 鋼(钢), 剛(刚), 崗(岗)

#### Related characters

* 冈 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 308, character 39
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7962
* Dae Jaweon: page 608, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 100, character 14
* Unihan data for U+5CA1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 岡 | *klaːŋ |
| 崗 | *klaːŋ |
| 剛 | *klaːŋ |
| 掆 | *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs |
| 鋼 | *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs |
| 綱 | *klaːŋ |
| 犅 | *klaːŋ |
| 堈 | *klaːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːŋ) : phonetic 网 (OC *mlaŋʔ) + semantic 山 (“mountain”).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gaŋ (“hill, ridge, mountain”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007), cognate with Tibetan སྒང (sgang, “ridge; mound”), Burmese ခင် (hkang, “ridge”), Burmese အခေါင် (a.hkaung, “summit”), Lahu qhɔ³³ (“mountain”), Sulung gɹaŋ³³ (“mountain”), Proto-Tamangic *ᴬgaŋ ("hill, mountain").
STEDT also proposes cognacy with 京 (OC *kraŋ, “artificial mound, capital”) and 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gāng, gǎng (gang$^1$, gang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ, ㄍㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gong$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kông
* Eastern Min (BUC): gŏng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kong / kang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gang$^1$ / geng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gang
*** Wade–Giles: kang$^1$
*** Yale: gāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
*** Palladius: ган (gan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǎng
*** Wade–Giles: kang$^3$
*** Yale: gǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaang
*** Palladius: ган (gan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong$^1$
*** Yale: gōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông
*** Hakka Romanization System: gong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /kouŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
*** Tâi-lô: kong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang
*** Tâi-lô: kang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gang$^1$ / geng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang / kṳng
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ³³/, /kɯŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kaon
*** MiniDict: kaon$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɑ̃⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: kang
Rime :
| Character | 岡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古郎切 |
| Baxter | kang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*klaːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 岡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3711 |
| Phonetic component | 岡 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 岡 |
| Old Chinese | /*klaːŋ/ |
| Notes | 說文從山網聲 |

### Definitions

岡
* ridge or crest of a mountain
* mountain; hill

### Compounds

* 奧勒岡州／奥勒冈州
* 山岡／山冈 (shāngāng)
* 岡岑／冈岑
* 岡巒／冈峦 (gāngluán)
* 岡比亞／冈比亚 (Gāngbǐyà)
* 岡渡拉／冈渡拉
* 岡連嶺屬／冈连岭属
* 岡陵／冈陵 (gānglíng)
* 崑岡／昆冈 (Kūngāng)
* 梵蒂岡／梵蒂冈 (Fàndìgāng)
* 瀧岡／泷冈
* 臥龍岡／卧龙冈
* 雲岡／云冈 (Yúngāng)
* 雲岡石窟／云冈石窟
* 靜岡／静冈 (Jìnggāng)
* 高岡／高冈 (gāogāng)
* 高岡兒／高冈儿
* 鶴岡／鹤冈 (Hègāng)
* 黃岡／黄冈 (Huánggāng)
* 黃花岡／黄花冈

### References

* “岡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* hill

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: おか (oka, 岡, Jōyō $^†$)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 岡
* おか Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 岡 – see the following entry. :
| 【おか】 | [noun] hill [proper noun] a surname [noun] [from 1310] land, ground (as opposed to the sea or other bodies of water) [noun] [from 1708] the bathing area next to an お風呂 (ofuro, “traditional Japanese soaking tub”), often raised relative to the tub basin [noun] [from 1873] the raised portion of a 硯 (suzuri, “inkstone”) where one grinds the stick of India ink (as opposed to the 池 (ike, literally “pond”) or 海 (umi, literally “sea”), the small depressed basin area where one pours in the water) Alternative spellings 丘, 陸 |
(This term, 岡, is an alternative spelling (only in proper nouns) of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Alternative forms

* 崗

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 岡 (MC kang). Recorded as Middle Korean 崗/가ᇰ (kang) (Yale: kang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 岡 (eumhun 산등성이 강 (sandeungseong'i gang))
* hanja form of 강 (“hill”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
* Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 1.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

岡: Hán Nôm readings: cương
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.