# 為政
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wéizhèng
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ ㄓㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wai$^4$ zing$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ûi-chèng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wéizhèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ ㄓㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wéijhèng
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^2$-chêng$^4$
*** Yale: wéi-jèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weijenq
*** Palladius: вэйчжэн (vɛjčžɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^4$ zing$^3$
*** Yale: wàih jing
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^4$ dzing$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^4$ jing$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯²¹ t͡sɪŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-chèng
*** Tâi-lô: uî-tsìng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uizexng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ui²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ui²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: hjwe tsyengH
Rime :
| Character | 為 | 政 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (14) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 薳支切 | 之盛切 |
| Baxter | hjwe | tsyengH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠiuᴇ/ | /t͡ɕiᴇŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷᵚiɛ/ | /t͡ɕiɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuɛ/ | /t͡ɕiæŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦjwiə̆/ | /ciajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣjue/ | /t͡ɕiɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣǐwe/ | /t͡ɕĭɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /wie̯/ | /t͡ɕi̯ɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wéi | zhèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wai$^4$ | zing$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢʷ(r)aj teŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷal tjeŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 為 | 政 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wéi | zhèng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hjwe › | ‹ tsyeng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷ(r)aj/ | /*teŋ-s/ |
| English | make, do, act as | government |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 為 | 政 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | | 17177 |
| Phonetic component | 爲 | 正 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 爲 | 政 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷal/ | /*tjeŋs/ |
| Notes | 俗爲字 | |

### Verb

為政
* (literary) to administer affairs of the state; to participate in politics
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐyuē: “Wéizhèng yǐ dé, pìrú běichén, jū qí suǒ, ér zhòng xīng gòng zhī.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it."

#### Derived terms

* 各自為政／各自为政 (gèzìwéizhèng)
* 為政不在多言／为政不在多言
* 為政者／为政者 (wéizhèngzhě)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 為(い)政(せい) (isei)
* → Korean: 위정(爲政) (wijeong)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 為 | 政 |
| い Grade: S | せい Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 爲政 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いせー [íꜜsèè] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) いせー [ìséé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ise̞ː]

### Noun

為(い)政(せい) • (isei)
* (literary) administering affairs of the state; participating in politics

#### Derived terms

* 為政者(いせいしゃ) (iseisha)
* 為政家(いせいか) (iseika)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN