# thembisa
## Xhosa
### Etymology

From -themba +‎ -isa.

### Verb

-thémbisa
* (transitive) to promise

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* isithembiso

## Zulu
### Verb

-thembisa$^?$
* (transitive) to cause to hope
* (transitive) to encourage, to enthuse, to motivate
* (transitive) to assure, to promise

#### Inflection

Tone unknown :
| Infinitive | ukuthembisa |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuthembisa | ukungathembisi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | thembisa | -thembise |
| Plural | thembisani | -thembiseni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyathembisa, ngithembisa | engithembisayo, engithembisa | ngithembisa | angithembisi | engingathembisi | ngingathembisi |
| 2nd singular | uyathembisa, uthembisa | othembisayo, othembisa | uthembisa | awuthembisi | ongathembisi | ungathembisi |
| 1st plural | siyathembisa, sithembisa | esithembisayo, esithembisa | sithembisa | asithembisi | esingathembisi | singathembisi |
| 2nd plural | niyathembisa, nithembisa | enithembisayo, enithembisa | nithembisa | anithembisi | eningathembisi | ningathembisi |
| Class 1 | uyathembisa, uthembisa | othembisayo, othembisa | ethembisa | akathembisi | ongathembisi | engathembisi |
| Class 2 | bayathembisa, bathembisa | abathembisayo, abathembisa | bethembisa | abathembisi | abangathembisi | bengathembisi |
| Class 3 | uyathembisa, uthembisa | othembisayo, othembisa | uthembisa | awuthembisi | ongathembisi | ungathembisi |
| Class 4 | iyathembisa, ithembisa | ethembisayo, ethembisa | ithembisa | ayithembisi | engathembisi | ingathembisi |
| Class 5 | liyathembisa, lithembisa | elithembisayo, elithembisa | lithembisa | alithembisi | elingathembisi | lingathembisi |
| Class 6 | ayathembisa, athembisa | athembisayo, athembisa | ethembisa | awathembisi | angathembisi | engathembisi |
| Class 7 | siyathembisa, sithembisa | esithembisayo, esithembisa | sithembisa | asithembisi | esingathembisi | singathembisi |
| Class 8 | ziyathembisa, zithembisa | ezithembisayo, ezithembisa | zithembisa | azithembisi | ezingathembisi | zingathembisi |
| Class 9 | iyathembisa, ithembisa | ethembisayo, ethembisa | ithembisa | ayithembisi | engathembisi | ingathembisi |
| Class 10 | ziyathembisa, zithembisa | ezithembisayo, ezithembisa | zithembisa | azithembisi | ezingathembisi | zingathembisi |
| Class 11 | luyathembisa, luthembisa | oluthembisayo, oluthembisa | luthembisa | aluthembisi | olungathembisi | lungathembisi |
| Class 14 | buyathembisa, buthembisa | obuthembisayo, obuthembisa | buthembisa | abuthembisi | obungathembisi | bungathembisi |
| Class 15 | kuyathembisa, kuthembisa | okuthembisayo, okuthembisa | kuthembisa | akuthembisi | okungathembisi | kungathembisi |
| Class 17 | kuyathembisa, kuthembisa | okuthembisayo, okuthembisa | kuthembisa | akuthembisi | okungathembisi | kungathembisi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngithembisile, ngithembisē | engithembisile, engithembisē | ngithembisile, ngithembisē | angithembisanga | engingathembisanga | ngingathembisanga |
| 2nd singular | uthembisile, uthembisē | othembisile, othembisē | uthembisile, uthembisē | awuthembisanga | ongathembisanga | ungathembisanga |
| 1st plural | sithembisile, sithembisē | esithembisile, esithembisē | sithembisile, sithembisē | asithembisanga | esingathembisanga | singathembisanga |
| 2nd plural | nithembisile, nithembisē | enithembisile, enithembisē | nithembisile, nithembisē | anithembisanga | eningathembisanga | ningathembisanga |
| Class 1 | uthembisile, uthembisē | othembisile, othembisē | ethembisile, ethembisē | akathembisanga | ongathembisanga | engathembisanga |
| Class 2 | bathembisile, bathembisē | abathembisile, abathembisē | bethembisile, bethembisē | abathembisanga | abangathembisanga | bengathembisanga |
| Class 3 | uthembisile, uthembisē | othembisile, othembisē | uthembisile, uthembisē | awuthembisanga | ongathembisanga | ungathembisanga |
| Class 4 | ithembisile, ithembisē | ethembisile, ethembisē | ithembisile, ithembisē | ayithembisanga | engathembisanga | ingathembisanga |
| Class 5 | lithembisile, lithembisē | elithembisile, elithembisē | lithembisile, lithembisē | alithembisanga | elingathembisanga | lingathembisanga |
| Class 6 | athembisile, athembisē | athembisile, athembisē | ethembisile, ethembisē | awathembisanga | angathembisanga | engathembisanga |
| Class 7 | sithembisile, sithembisē | esithembisile, esithembisē | sithembisile, sithembisē | asithembisanga | esingathembisanga | singathembisanga |
| Class 8 | zithembisile, zithembisē | ezithembisile, ezithembisē | zithembisile, zithembisē | azithembisanga | ezingathembisanga | zingathembisanga |
| Class 9 | ithembisile, ithembisē | ethembisile, ethembisē | ithembisile, ithembisē | ayithembisanga | engathembisanga | ingathembisanga |
| Class 10 | zithembisile, zithembisē | ezithembisile, ezithembisē | zithembisile, zithembisē | azithembisanga | ezingathembisanga | zingathembisanga |
| Class 11 | luthembisile, luthembisē | oluthembisile, oluthembisē | luthembisile, luthembisē | aluthembisanga | olungathembisanga | lungathembisanga |
| Class 14 | buthembisile, buthembisē | obuthembisile, obuthembisē | buthembisile, buthembisē | abuthembisanga | obungathembisanga | bungathembisanga |
| Class 15 | kuthembisile, kuthembisē | okuthembisile, okuthembisē | kuthembisile, kuthembisē | akuthembisanga | okungathembisanga | kungathembisanga |
| Class 17 | kuthembisile, kuthembisē | okuthembisile, okuthembisē | kuthembisile, kuthembisē | akuthembisanga | okungathembisanga | kungathembisanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāthembisa | engāthembisa | ngāthembisa | angithembisanga | engingathembisanga | ngingathembisanga |
| 2nd singular | wāthembisa | owāthembisa | wāthembisa | awuthembisanga | ongathembisanga | ungathembisanga |
| 1st plural | sāthembisa | esāthembisa | sāthembisa | asithembisanga | esingathembisanga | singathembisanga |
| 2nd plural | nāthembisa | enāthembisa | nāthembisa | anithembisanga | eningathembisanga | ningathembisanga |
| Class 1 | wāthembisa | owāthembisa | āthembisa | akathembisanga | ongathembisanga | engathembisanga |
| Class 2 | bāthembisa | abāthembisa | bāthembisa | abathembisanga | abangathembisanga | bengathembisanga |
| Class 3 | wāthembisa | owāthembisa | wāthembisa | awuthembisanga | ongathembisanga | ungathembisanga |
| Class 4 | yāthembisa | eyāthembisa | yāthembisa | ayithembisanga | engathembisanga | ingathembisanga |
| Class 5 | lāthembisa | elāthembisa | lāthembisa | alithembisanga | elingathembisanga | lingathembisanga |
| Class 6 | āthembisa | āthembisa | āthembisa | awathembisanga | angathembisanga | engathembisanga |
| Class 7 | sāthembisa | esāthembisa | sāthembisa | asithembisanga | esingathembisanga | singathembisanga |
| Class 8 | zāthembisa | ezāthembisa | zāthembisa | azithembisanga | ezingathembisanga | zingathembisanga |
| Class 9 | yāthembisa | eyāthembisa | yāthembisa | ayithembisanga | engathembisanga | ingathembisanga |
| Class 10 | zāthembisa | ezāthembisa | zāthembisa | azithembisanga | ezingathembisanga | zingathembisanga |
| Class 11 | lwāthembisa | olwāthembisa | lwāthembisa | aluthembisanga | olungathembisanga | lungathembisanga |
| Class 14 | bāthembisa | obāthembisa | bāthembisa | abuthembisanga | obungathembisanga | bungathembisanga |
| Class 15 | kwāthembisa | okwāthembisa | kwāthembisa | akuthembisanga | okungathembisanga | kungathembisanga |
| Class 17 | kwāthembisa | okwāthembisa | kwāthembisa | akuthembisanga | okungathembisanga | kungathembisanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingathembisa | — | ngingathembisa | ngingethembise | — | ngingethembise |
| 2nd singular | ungathembisa | — | ungathembisa | ungethembise | — | ungethembise |
| 1st plural | singathembisa | — | singathembisa | singethembise | — | singethembise |
| 2nd plural | ningathembisa | — | ningathembisa | ningethembise | — | ningethembise |
| Class 1 | angathembisa | — | engathembisa | angethembise | — | engethembise |
| Class 2 | bangathembisa | — | bengathembisa | bangethembise | — | bengethembise |
| Class 3 | ungathembisa | — | ungathembisa | ungethembise | — | ungethembise |
| Class 4 | ingathembisa | — | ingathembisa | ingethembise | — | ingethembise |
| Class 5 | lingathembisa | — | lingathembisa | lingethembise | — | lingethembise |
| Class 6 | angathembisa | — | engathembisa | angethembise | — | engethembise |
| Class 7 | singathembisa | — | singathembisa | singethembise | — | singethembise |
| Class 8 | zingathembisa | — | zingathembisa | zingethembise | — | zingethembise |
| Class 9 | ingathembisa | — | ingathembisa | ingethembise | — | ingethembise |
| Class 10 | zingathembisa | — | zingathembisa | zingethembise | — | zingethembise |
| Class 11 | lungathembisa | — | lungathembisa | lungethembise | — | lungethembise |
| Class 14 | bungathembisa | — | bungathembisa | bungethembise | — | bungethembise |
| Class 15 | kungathembisa | — | kungathembisa | kungethembise | — | kungethembise |
| Class 17 | kungathembisa | — | kungathembisa | kungethembise | — | kungethembise |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizothembisa | engizothembisa | ngizothembisa | angizuthembisa | engingezuthembisa | ngingezuthembisa |
| 2nd singular | uzothembisa | ozothembisa | uzothembisa | awuzuthembisa | ongezuthembisa | ungezuthembisa |
| 1st plural | sizothembisa | esizothembisa | sizothembisa | asizuthembisa | esingezuthembisa | singezuthembisa |
| 2nd plural | nizothembisa | enizothembisa | nizothembisa | anizuthembisa | eningezuthembisa | ningezuthembisa |
| Class 1 | uzothembisa | ozothembisa | ezothembisa | akazuthembisa | ongezuthembisa | engezuthembisa |
| Class 2 | bazothembisa | abazothembisa | bezothembisa | abazuthembisa | abangezuthembisa | bengezuthembisa |
| Class 3 | uzothembisa | ozothembisa | uzothembisa | awuzuthembisa | ongezuthembisa | ungezuthembisa |
| Class 4 | izothembisa | ezothembisa | izothembisa | ayizuthembisa | engezuthembisa | ingezuthembisa |
| Class 5 | lizothembisa | elizothembisa | lizothembisa | alizuthembisa | elingezuthembisa | lingezuthembisa |
| Class 6 | azothembisa | azothembisa | ezothembisa | awazuthembisa | angezuthembisa | engezuthembisa |
| Class 7 | sizothembisa | esizothembisa | sizothembisa | asizuthembisa | esingezuthembisa | singezuthembisa |
| Class 8 | zizothembisa | ezizothembisa | zizothembisa | azizuthembisa | ezingezuthembisa | zingezuthembisa |
| Class 9 | izothembisa | ezothembisa | izothembisa | ayizuthembisa | engezuthembisa | ingezuthembisa |
| Class 10 | zizothembisa | ezizothembisa | zizothembisa | azizuthembisa | ezingezuthembisa | zingezuthembisa |
| Class 11 | luzothembisa | oluzothembisa | luzothembisa | aluzuthembisa | olungezuthembisa | lungezuthembisa |
| Class 14 | buzothembisa | obuzothembisa | buzothembisa | abuzuthembisa | obungezuthembisa | bungezuthembisa |
| Class 15 | kuzothembisa | okuzothembisa | kuzothembisa | akuzuthembisa | okungezuthembisa | kungezuthembisa |
| Class 17 | kuzothembisa | okuzothembisa | kuzothembisa | akuzuthembisa | okungezuthembisa | kungezuthembisa |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyothembisa | engiyothembisa | ngiyothembisa | angiyuthembisa | engingeyuthembisa | ngingeyuthembisa |
| 2nd singular | uyothembisa | oyothembisa | uyothembisa | awuyuthembisa | ongeyuthembisa | ungeyuthembisa |
| 1st plural | siyothembisa | esiyothembisa | siyothembisa | asiyuthembisa | esingeyuthembisa | singeyuthembisa |
| 2nd plural | niyothembisa | eniyothembisa | niyothembisa | aniyuthembisa | eningeyuthembisa | ningeyuthembisa |
| Class 1 | uyothembisa | oyothembisa | eyothembisa | akayuthembisa | ongeyuthembisa | engeyuthembisa |
| Class 2 | bayothembisa | abayothembisa | beyothembisa | abayuthembisa | abangeyuthembisa | bengeyuthembisa |
| Class 3 | uyothembisa | oyothembisa | uyothembisa | awuyuthembisa | ongeyuthembisa | ungeyuthembisa |
| Class 4 | iyothembisa | eyothembisa | iyothembisa | ayiyuthembisa | engeyuthembisa | ingeyuthembisa |
| Class 5 | liyothembisa | eliyothembisa | liyothembisa | aliyuthembisa | elingeyuthembisa | lingeyuthembisa |
| Class 6 | ayothembisa | ayothembisa | eyothembisa | awayuthembisa | angeyuthembisa | engeyuthembisa |
| Class 7 | siyothembisa | esiyothembisa | siyothembisa | asiyuthembisa | esingeyuthembisa | singeyuthembisa |
| Class 8 | ziyothembisa | eziyothembisa | ziyothembisa | aziyuthembisa | ezingeyuthembisa | zingeyuthembisa |
| Class 9 | iyothembisa | eyothembisa | iyothembisa | ayiyuthembisa | engeyuthembisa | ingeyuthembisa |
| Class 10 | ziyothembisa | eziyothembisa | ziyothembisa | aziyuthembisa | ezingeyuthembisa | zingeyuthembisa |
| Class 11 | luyothembisa | oluyothembisa | luyothembisa | aluyuthembisa | olungeyuthembisa | lungeyuthembisa |
| Class 14 | buyothembisa | obuyothembisa | buyothembisa | abuyuthembisa | obungeyuthembisa | bungeyuthembisa |
| Class 15 | kuyothembisa | okuyothembisa | kuyothembisa | akuyuthembisa | okungeyuthembisa | kungeyuthembisa |
| Class 17 | kuyothembisa | okuyothembisa | kuyothembisa | akuyuthembisa | okungeyuthembisa | kungeyuthembisa |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngithembise | ngingathembisi |
| 2nd singular | uthembise | ungathembisi |
| 1st plural | sithembise | singathembisi |
| 2nd plural | nithembise | ningathembisi |
| Class 1 | athembise | angathembisi |
| Class 2 | bathembise | bangathembisi |
| Class 3 | uthembise | ungathembisi |
| Class 4 | ithembise | ingathembisi |
| Class 5 | lithembise | lingathembisi |
| Class 6 | athembise | angathembisi |
| Class 7 | sithembise | singathembisi |
| Class 8 | zithembise | zingathembisi |
| Class 9 | ithembise | ingathembisi |
| Class 10 | zithembise | zingathembisi |
| Class 11 | luthembise | lungathembisi |
| Class 14 | buthembise | bungathembisi |
| Class 15 | kuthembise | kungathembisi |
| Class 17 | kuthembise | kungathembisi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngathembisa | ngangathembisa, angathembisa, angangathembisa |
| 2nd singular | wathembisa | wangathembisa, awathembisa, awangathembisa |
| 1st plural | sathembisa | sangathembisa, asathembisa, asangathembisa |
| 2nd plural | nathembisa | nangathembisa, anathembisa, anangathembisa |
| Class 1 | wathembisa | wangathembisa, akathembisa, akangathembisa |
| Class 2 | bathembisa | bangathembisa, abathembisa, abangathembisa |
| Class 3 | wathembisa | wangathembisa, awathembisa, awangathembisa |
| Class 4 | yathembisa | yangathembisa, ayathembisa, ayangathembisa |
| Class 5 | lathembisa | langathembisa, alathembisa, alangathembisa |
| Class 6 | athembisa | angathembisa, awathembisa, awangathembisa |
| Class 7 | sathembisa | sangathembisa, asathembisa, asangathembisa |
| Class 8 | zathembisa | zangathembisa, azathembisa, azangathembisa |
| Class 9 | yathembisa | yangathembisa, ayathembisa, ayangathembisa |
| Class 10 | zathembisa | zangathembisa, azathembisa, azangathembisa |
| Class 11 | lwathembisa | lwangathembisa, alwathembisa, alwangathembisa |
| Class 14 | bathembisa | bangathembisa, abathembisa, abangathembisa |
| Class 15 | kwathembisa | kwangathembisa, akwathembisa, akwangathembisa |
| Class 17 | kwathembisa | kwangathembisa, akwathembisa, akwangathembisa |

#### Derived terms

* isithembiso

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thembisa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thembisa (3.2.9)”