# 長者
## Chinese

* 長者

### Etymology
#### “Jiang Zemin”

    Quoted from an interview with a Hong Kong journalist (the term 圖樣圖森破／图样图森破 (túyàngtúsēnpò) is also derived from the same interview):
       Wǒ hěn bàoqiàn, wǒ jīntiān shì zuòwèi yīge zhǎngzhě gēn nǐmen jiǎng. [Pinyin]
       I'm very sorry. Today I am speaking to you as an elder.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǎngzhě
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄜˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zoeng$^2$ ze$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ziang$^2$ zie$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tióng-chiá
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziang$^2$ zia$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎngzhě [Phonetic: zhángzhě]
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄜˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎngjhě
*** Wade–Giles: chang$^3$-chê$^3$
*** Yale: jǎng-jě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaangjee
*** Palladius: чжанчжэ (čžančžɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoeng$^2$ ze$^2$
*** Yale: jéung jé
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng$^2$ dze$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêng$^2$ zé$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœːŋ³⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ziang$^2$ zie$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siaŋ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tióng-chiá
*** Tâi-lô: tióng-tsiá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diofngciar
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziang$^2$ zia$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiáng tsiá
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sia⁵²⁻²¹/
* Middle Chinese: trjangX tsyaeX
Rime :
| Character | 長 | 者 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 知丈切 | 章也切 |
| Baxter | trjangX | tsyaeX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈɨɐŋ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈiɐŋ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiɑŋ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈɨaŋ$^X$/ | /cia$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶiaŋ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭaŋ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕĭa$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶi̯aŋ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕi̯a$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǎng | zhě |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoeng$^2$ | ze$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*traŋʔ tAʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*taŋʔ tjaːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 長 | 者 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhǎng | zhě |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trjang$^X$ › | ‹ tsyæ$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*traŋʔ/ | /*tAʔ/ |
| English | grow; elder | (nominalizing particle) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 長 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1263 | 16960 |
| Phonetic component | 長 | 者 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 長 | 者 |
| Old Chinese | /*taŋʔ/ | /*tjaːʔ/ |
| Notes | | 說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水， 爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說 |

### Noun

長者
* elder; senior
* rich person
* a term of respect for a man
* (archaic) high official
* (archaic) person of high moral standing
* (archaic) well-known person; celebrity

#### Derived terms

* 長者智人／长者智人 (zhǎngzhě zhìrén)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 長(ちょう)者(じゃ) (chōja)
* → Korean: 장자(長者) (jangja)
* → Vietnamese: trưởng giả (長者)

### Proper noun

長者
* (Internet slang) Jiang Zemin

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 長 | 者 |
| ちょう Grade: 2 | しゃ > じゃ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 長者 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちょーじゃ [chòójá] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) ちょーじゃ [chóꜜòjà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [t͡ɕo̞ːʑa̠]

### Noun

長(ちょう)者(じゃ) • (chōja)
* (also ちょうしゃ) elder; senior; a virtuous person
* rich person
    百(ひゃく)万(まん)長(ちょう)者(じゃ)、億(おく)万(まん)長(ちょう)者(じゃ)
       hyakumanchōja, okumanchōja
       millionaire, billionaire
* leader of a lineage
* (archaic) chief of a post station (shukuba)
* (archaic) owner or leader of a brothel in a post station (shukuba)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 長 | 者 |

### Noun

長者 • (jangja) (hangeul 장자)
* hanja form of 장자 (“very wealthy person; wise and virtuous older person; etc.”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 長 | 者 |

### Noun

長者 • (trưởng giả)
* chữ Hán form of trưởng giả (“bourgeois”).