# κόσμος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *kónsmos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱónsmos, from *ḱens- (“to announce, put in order”). Related to Latin cēnseō (“to estimate”) and Sanskrit शंसति (śaṃsati, “to commend, praise”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kóz.mos/ → /ˈkoz.mos/ → /ˈkoz.mos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /kóz.mos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈkoz.mos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈkoz.mos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈkoz.mos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈkoz.mos/

### Noun

κόσμος • (kósmos) m (genitive κόσμου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)
* order
* lawful order, government
* mode, fashion
* ornament, decoration
* honour, credit
* ruler
* world, universe, the earth
* mankind

#### Derived terms

* κοσμέω (kosméō)
** κόσμησις (kósmēsis)
* κοσμικός (kosmikós)

#### Descendants

* → Coptic: ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ (kosmos)
* → English: cosmos
* → French: cosmos
* Greek: κόσμος (kósmos)
* Mariupol Greek: ко́смос (kósmos)
* → Polish: kosmos
* → Russian: космос m (kosmos)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κόσμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 759-760

### Further reading

* “κόσμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “κόσμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “κόσμος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* κόσμος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* κόσμος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “κόσμος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G2889 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. adornment idem, page 13.array idem, page 41.attire idem, page 51.constitution idem, page 164.costume idem, page 176.creation idem, page 183.decoration idem, page 202.discipline idem, page 229.dress idem, page 252.embellishment idem, page 267.finely idem, page 321.firmament idem, page 322.garb idem, page 353.government idem, page 368.gown idem, page 368.habit idem, page 380.honour idem, page 404.insignia idem, page 444.millinery idem, page 529.nature idem, page 552.order idem, page 578.ornament idem, page 580.polity idem, page 625.raiment idem, page 669.regime idem, page 687.robe idem, page 719.system idem, page 851.tinsel idem, page 877.trappings idem, page 890.trimming idem, page 895.trinket idem, page 895.universe idem, page 923.world idem, page 989.
* “κόσμος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos). Cognate with Mariupol Greek ко́смос (kósmos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈko.zmos/
* Hyphenation: κό‧σμος

### Noun

κόσμος • (kósmos) m (plural κόσμοι)
* (astronomy) Universe, cosmos
* world; planet Earth
** (figurative) an imaginary world
    See related expressions
** (figurative) one's own, inner world
    Ζει σε άλλον κόσμο!Zei se állon kósmo!He lives in another world!
    Derivative: (ironic, augmentative) κοσμάρα f (kosmára)
* (collective, in the singular) society, the people, the masses
    Δεν φταίει ο κόσμος, φταίνε οι πολιτικοί.Den ftaíei o kósmos, ftaíne oi politikoí.It is not the fault of the people, it is the politicians' fault.
    Synonym: λαός (laós)
    See related expressions
    Derivative: (pejorative) κοσμάκης m (kosmákis)
* (collective, in the singular) people (multiple persons)
    Υπήρχε πολύς κόσμος στη συναυλία.Ypírche polýs kósmos sti synavlía.There were a lot of people at the concert.
    (expression) όλος ο κόσμος ― ólos o kósmos ― everybody
* a group of people (geographically, historically, socially)
    O Ρωμαϊκός κόσμοςO Romaïkós kósmosThe Roman world (the Romans, the Roman civilization)

#### Declension

| | singular | plural |
| nominative | κόσμος • | κόσμοι • |
| genitive | κόσμου • | κόσμων • |
| accusative | κόσμο • | κόσμους • |
| vocative | κόσμε • | κόσμοι • |

#### Derived terms

(with prefixes): κοσμο-, κοσμό-, κοσμ- (figuratively):
* κοσμάρα f (kosmára) (ironic)
(collective):
* κοσμάκης m (kosmákis) (pejorative)
And see derivatives of inherited ancient words:
* κοσμητικός (kosmitikós)
* κοσμικός (kosmikós)
* κοσμιότης (kosmiótis)
* κοσμώ (kosmó)

#### Related terms

* άλλος κόσμος m (állos kósmos, “a different, better class of people”) (without the definite article)
* ο άλλος κόσμος m (o állos kósmos, “the next world”) (only with a definite article)

#### Further reading

* κόσμος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
* κόσμος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language