# ὕβρις
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Unknown; possibly Pre-Greek, given its unusual shape and the lack of a convincing Indo-European etymology. Other proposed explanations include:
* The first element ῠ̔́- (hú-) being from Proto-Indo-European *úd (“outward, up”) (supported e.g. by Frisk), with the second element perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷreh₂- (“heavy, strong”) (whence βαρύς (barús), βριαρός (briarós). etc.).
* Per Nikolaev, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)i̯oHgʷ-ri-, assuming a relation to ἥβη (hḗbē, “vigour of youth, sexual maturity, adolescence”). Beekes rejects this on the grounds that it would be expected to yield *ὠβρι- (*ōbri-).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hý.bris/ → /ˈy.βris/ → /ˈi.vris/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hý.bris/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)y.bris/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈy.βris/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈy.vris/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈi.vris/

### Noun

ῠ̔́βρις • (húbris) f (genitive ῠ̔́βρεως or ῠ̔́βριος); third declension (Epic, Ionic, Doric, Attic, Koine)
* pride
* insolence
* outrage

#### Derived terms

* ῠ̔βρίζω (hubrízō)

#### Descendants

* → English: hubris
* Greek: ύβρις f (ývris)
** βρίζω (vrízo, “to insult, to curse”)
** βρισιά f (vrisiá, “insult, curse”)
* → Latin: hybrida (see there for further descendants)
** → English: hybrid

### References

* 1 2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὕβρις, -ιος, -εος, -εως”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1524–1525
* ↑ Frisk, Hjalmar (1970) “ὕβρις”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 954
* ↑ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 477
* ↑ Nikolaev, Alexander (2002) “Die Etymologie von altgriechischem ὕβρις”, in Glotta, volume 80 (2004), pages 114–125 (cf. also Beekes (2010), p. 507)

### Further reading

* “ὕβρις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ὕβρις”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ὕβρις”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ὕβρις in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ὕβρις in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “ὕβρις”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G5196 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. abuse idem, page 5.affront idem, page 17.arrogance idem, page 41.assault idem, page 45.assumption idem, page 48.assurance idem, page 48.audacity idem, page 52.bombast idem, page 88.bounce idem, page 90.bullying idem, page 103.contempt idem, page 167.contemptuousness idem, page 167.contumely idem, page 173.defamation idem, page 203.despiteful idem, page 217.disdainfulness idem, page 232.dishonour idem, page 234.disrespect idem, page 239.effrontery idem, page 263.excess idem, page 288.extravagance idem, page 297.gallantry idem, page 352.hardihood idem, page 385.haughtiness idem, page 388.humiliation idem, page 410.ill usage idem, page 416.immodesty idem, page 418.imperiousness idem, page 420.impertinence idem, page 421.impudence idem, page 425.incivility idem, page 428.incontinence idem, page 430.indecency idem, page 431.indignity idem, page 433.injury idem, page 441.insolence idem, page 445.insult idem, page 448.intemperance idem, page 448.irreverence idem, page 460.lasciviousness idem, page 477.lewdness idem, page 487.licence idem, page 488.licentiousness idem, page 489.light idem, page 490.lightly idem, page 491.lust idem, page 505.maltreatment idem, page 510.mischief idem, page 533.misusage idem, page 536.mockery idem, page 537.naughtiness idem, page 552.offence idem, page 571.offensiveness idem, page 571.outrage idem, page 582.pertness idem, page 609.presumption idem, page 638.presumptuousness idem, page 638.pride idem, page 640.profligacy idem, page 653.push idem, page 660.railing idem, page 668.rape idem, page 672.ravishment idem, page 674.rebuff idem, page 677.restiveness idem, page 705.ridicule idem, page 713.riotous idem, page 716.roguery idem, page 720.rudeness idem, page 724.sauciness idem, page 735.scoffing idem, page 740.scorn idem, page 740.sensuality idem, page 753.shamelessness idem, page 761.skittishness idem, page 781.slight idem, page 784.sneer idem, page 789.superciliousness idem, page 838.taunt idem, page 857.terrorism idem, page 863.treatment idem, page 892.truculence idem, page 898.unruliness idem, page 930.vanity idem, page 943.violation idem, page 953.violence idem, page 953.wantonness idem, page 962.