# 淒涼
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīliáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ ㄌㄧㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cai$^1$ loeng$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhî-liòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhe-liâng / chhe-liông / chhi-liâng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ci$^1$ liang$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīliáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ ㄌㄧㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciliáng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^1$-liang$^2$
*** Yale: chī-lyáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiliang
*** Palladius: цилян (ciljan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cai$^1$ loeng$^4$
*** Yale: chāi lèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsai$^1$ loeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cei$^1$ lêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵ lœːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhî-liòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: qi$^ˊ$ liong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qi$^1$ liong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi²⁴ li̯oŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe-liâng
*** Tâi-lô: tshe-liâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zheliaang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² liaŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² liaŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ liaŋ²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³ liaŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ liaŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe-liông
*** Tâi-lô: tshe-liông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhelioong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³ liɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhi-liâng
*** Tâi-lô: tshi-liâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiliaang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi⁴⁴⁻²² liaŋ¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ci$^1$ liang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshi liâng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰi³³⁻²³ liaŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tshej ljang
Rime :
| Character | 淒 | 涼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 七稽切 | 呂章切 |
| Baxter | tshej | ljang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰei/ | /lɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰei/ | /liɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛi/ | /liɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛj/ | /lɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰei/ | /liaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰiei/ | /lĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰiei/ | /li̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qī | liáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cai$^1$ | loeng$^4$ |

### Adjective

淒涼
* bleak; desolate
* miserable; forlorn

#### Synonyms

* (bleak):
* 冷僻 (lěngpì)
* 冷清 (lěngqīng)
* 冷淡 (lěngdàn)
* 冷落 (lěngluò)
* 清冷 (qīnglěng)
* 荒涼／荒凉 (huāngliáng)
* 落寞 (luòmò)
* 蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
* 蕭條／萧条 (xiāotiáo)
* 青凊 (Min Nan)
* (miserable):
* 京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
* 傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
* 傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
* 傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
* 傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
* 傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
* 傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
* 刺心 (cìxīn)
* 哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
* 哀切 (āiqiè)
* 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
* 哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
* 哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
* 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
* 哀痛 (āitòng)
* 心酸 (xīnsuān)
* 怛傷／怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
* 悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
* 情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
* 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
* 悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
* 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
* 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
* 悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
* 悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
* 悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
* 悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
* 悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
* 悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
* 悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
* 悲戚 (bēiqī)
* 悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
* 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
* 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
* 悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
* 悲痛 (bēitòng)
* 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
* 感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
* 愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
* 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
* 惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
* 愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
* 慘／惨 (cǎn)
* 憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
* 慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
* 憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
* 憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
* 慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
* 憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
* 懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
* 沉痛 (chéntòng)
* 淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
* 淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
* 淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
* 淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
* 淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
* 痛心 (tòngxīn)
* 艱苦心／艰苦心 (Hokkien)
* 蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
* 酸心 (suānxīn)
* 難受／难受 (nánshòu)
* 難過／难过 (nánguò)
* 青凊 (Hokkien)
* 黯然 (ànrán)

#### Derived terms

* 老公撥扇——淒涼／老公拨扇——凄凉
* 老婆跋落溪——淒涼／老婆跋落溪——凄凉

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 淒 | 涼 |

### Adjective

淒涼
* chữ Hán form of thê lương (“isolated, lonesome”).