# 사화
## Korean
### Etymology 1

Sino-Korean word from 士禍, from 士 (“scholar”) + 禍 (“calamity”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈsʰa̠(ː)βwa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)화]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

사화 • (sahwa) (hanja 士禍)
* (historical) Korean literati purges

### Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 私和 (“a criminal case settled privately”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰa̠βwa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [사화]

#### Noun

사화 • (sahwa) (hanja 私和)
* (in-court) reconciliation, (out-of-court) settlement
* making up; resolving a grudge; making peace (with one another)
    Synonym: 화해(和解) (hwahae)

### Etymology 3

Sino-Korean word from 詞華.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰa̠βwa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [사화]

#### Noun

사화 • (sahwa) (hanja 詞華)
* Synonym of 사조(詞藻) (sajo, “flowery words; prose and poetry”)

### Etymology 4

Sino-Korean word from 詞話.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰa̠βwa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [사화]

#### Noun

사화 • (sahwa) (hanja 詞話)
* a particular type of biography of an author, explaining their background, œuvre, etc.
* a type of folk art known as 강창(講唱) (gangchang), popular in the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties

### Etymology 5

Sino-Korean word from 四 (“four”) + 華 (“poem”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈsʰa̠(ː)βwa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)화]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

사화 • (sahwa) (hanja 四華)
* (Buddhism) the four lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) flowers that came down from heaven as the first ancestors of humanity when Shakyamuni spoke of the Lotus Sūtra
* (collectively) the white lotus, great Japanese lotus, red lotus, and great red lotus

### Etymology 6

Sino-Korean word from 史 (“history”) + 畫 (“drawing”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈsʰa̠(ː)βwa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)화]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

사화 • (sahwa) (hanja 史畫/史畵)
* historical drawing
    Synonym: 역사화(歷史畫) (yeoksahwa)

### Etymology 7

Sino-Korean word from 史話 (“narrative history book”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈsʰa̠(ː)βwa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)화]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

사화 • (sahwa) (hanja 史話)
* an historical story; historiette

### Etymology 8

Sino-Korean word from 史 (“history”) + 禍 (“disaster”).

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈsʰa̠(ː)βwa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)화]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

사화 • (sahwa) (hanja 史禍)
* political or social trouble related to the writing or publishing of historical records
** (especially during Japanese colonialism) consequences brought against writers who criticized the government or ruling party

### Etymology 9

Sino-Korean word from 死火.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈsʰa̠(ː)βwa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)화]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

사화 • (sahwa) (hanja 死火)
* an extinguished fire
* (Buddhism) used to compare death to the extinguishing of a fire

### Etymology 10

Sino-Korean word from 死貨.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈsʰa̠(ː)βwa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)화]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

사화 • (sahwa) (hanja 死貨)
* historical currency

### Etymology 11

Sino-Korean word from 賜花.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈsʰa̠(ː)βwa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)화]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Noun

사화 • (sahwa) (hanja 賜花)
* Synonym of 어사화(御賜花) (eosahwa, “(historical) paper flowers the king gave to his courtiers at dinner”)