# 懃

| 懃 | U+61C3, &#25027; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61C3 |
| ← 懂 [U+61C2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 懄 → [U+61C4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

懃 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿尸心 (TSP), four-corner 4433$_2$, composition ⿱勤心)
* courteous, cordial
* zealous

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 405, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11321
* Dae Jaweon: page 745, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2358, character 1
* Unihan data for U+61C3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 囏 | *krɯːn |
| 螼 | *kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns |
| 堇 | *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ |
| 墐 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns |
| 𥎊 | *ɡrɯn |
| 僅 | *ɡrɯns |
| 瑾 | *ɡrɯns |
| 覲 | *ɡrɯns |
| 殣 | *ɡrɯns |
| 饉 | *ɡrɯns |
| 廑 | *ɡrɯns |
| 瘽 | *ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ |
| 歏 | *ɡrɯns |
| 鄞 | *ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn |
| 謹 | *kɯnʔ |
| 槿 | *kɯnʔ |
| 漌 | *kɯnʔ |
| 慬 | *kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn |
| 勤 | *ɡɯn |
| 懃 | *ɡɯn |
| 懄 | *ɡɯn |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qín (qin$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qín
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cín
*** Wade–Giles: chʻin$^2$
*** Yale: chín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
*** Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kan$^4$
*** Yale: kàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ken$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐn²¹/
* Middle Chinese: gj+n
Rime :
| Character | 懃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 欣 (57) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 巨斤切 |
| Baxter | gj+n |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡɨn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiən/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /gi̯ən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qín |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | kan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ər/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 懃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qín |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gjɨn › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ər/ |
| English | toil, diligent, devoted |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 懃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6752 |
| Phonetic component | 堇 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 勤 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡɯn/ |

### Definitions

懃
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 慇慇懃懃／殷殷勤勤
* 慇懃／殷勤 (yīnqín)
* 懃懃／勤勤

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごん (gon)
* Kan-on: きん (kin)
* Kan’yō-on: ぎん (gin)
* Kun: ねんごろ (nengoro, 懃ろ)

## Korean
### Hanja

懃 (eum 근 (geun))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

懃: Hán Nôm readings: cần
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.