# 進行
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìnxíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon$^3$ hang$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chin-hàng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): jin$^4$ hang$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chìn-hêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zing$^3$ gian$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìnxíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìnsíng
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^4$-hsing$^2$
*** Yale: jìn-syíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinnshyng
*** Palladius: цзиньсин (czinʹsin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$盡行／尽行 禁行 進行／进行
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeon$^3$ hang$^4$
*** Yale: jeun hàhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen$^3$ hang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zên$^3$ heng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵn³³ hɐŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chin-hàng
*** Hakka Romanization System: jin hang$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: jin$^4$ hang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sin⁵⁵ haŋ¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: jin$^4$ hang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sin⁵³⁻⁵⁵ haŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chìn-hêng
*** Tâi-lô: tsìn-hîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cienheeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɪŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zing$^3$ gian$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsìng kiâⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kĩã⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsinH haeng
Rime :
| Character | 進 | 行 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | II |
| Fanqie | 即刃切 | 戸庚切 |
| Baxter | tsinH | haeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡siɪn$^H$/ | /ɦˠæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sin$^H$/ | /ɦᵚaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sjen$^H$/ | /ɣaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sin$^H$/ | /ɦaɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siĕn$^H$/ | /ɣɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭĕn$^H$/ | /ɣɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡si̯ĕn$^H$/ | /ɣɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jìn | héng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zan$^3$ | hang$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts][i][n]-s Cə.[ɡ]ˤraŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslins ɡraːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 進 | 行 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jìn | xíng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsin$^H$ › | ‹ hæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts][i][n]-s/ | /*Cə.[ɡ]ˁraŋ/ |
| English | advance (v.) | walk (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 進 | 行 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/4 |
| No. | 6775 | 13867 |
| Phonetic component | 進 | 行 |
| Rime group | 眞 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 晉 | 行 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔslins/ | /*ɡraːŋ/ |
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “Teochew: zing hêng 汕尾：陆丰碣石立行立改 开展农贸市场消防安全综合整治 @ 0:39”

### Verb

進行
* (formal) to proceed with; to carry out; to conduct; to be in progress
    進行研究／进行研究 ― jìnxíng yánjiū ― to conduct research
    進行交易／进行交易 ― jìnxíng jiāoyì ― to conduct a transaction; to strike a deal
    對癌症進行篩檢／对癌症进行筛检 ― duì áizhèng jìnxíng shāijiǎn ― to screen for cancer
       Gōngzuò jìnxíng de hěn shùnlì. [Pinyin]
       Work is going well.
       Qǐng duì běn cì fúwù jìnxíng píngjià. [Pinyin]
       Please rate this service.
       Zuìzhōng xiéyì de tánpàn zhèngzài qiāoqiāo jìnxíng. [Pinyin]
       Negotiations on the final agreement are progressing in secret.
    From: 2008: Zhou Qi (周琪), 【美國大選觀察】奧巴馬為什麼大勝？
    2008 nián de měiguó dàxuǎn shì zài jīnróng wēijī de bèijǐng xià jìnxíng de. [Pinyin]
    The US presidential election of 2008 unfolded in the context of the economic crisis.
* to advance; to march

#### Synonyms

* (to proceed with):
* 展開／展开 (zhǎnkāi)
* 舉行／举行 (jǔxíng)
* 舉辦／举办 (jǔbàn)
* 開展／开展 (kāizhǎn)
* (to advance):
* 上前 (shàngqián)
* 前進／前进 (qiánjìn)
* 往前走 (wǎng qián zǒu)
* 行進／行进 (xíngjìn)
* 行駛／行驶 (xíngshǐ)
* 躍進／跃进 (yuèjìn)
* 進前／进前 (jìnqián) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 和弦進行／和弦进行 (héxiánjìnxíng)
* 進行式／进行式 (jìnxíngshì)
* 進行性／进行性 (jìnxíngxìng)
* 進行曲／进行曲 (jìnxíngqǔ)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 進行(しんこう) (shinkō)
* → Korean: 진행(進行) (jinhaeng)
* → Vietnamese: tiến hành (進行)

#### See also

* 從事／从事 (cóngshì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 進 | 行 |
| しん Grade: 3 | こう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんこー [shìńkóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩŋko̞ː]

### Noun

進(しん)行(こう) • (shinkō)
* an advance; progress

### Verb

進(しん)行(こう)する • (shinkō suru) intransitive suru (stem 進(しん)行(こう)し (shinkō shi), past 進(しん)行(こう)した (shinkō shita))
* make progress

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 進行し | しんこうし | shinkō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 進行し | しんこうし | shinkō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 進行する | しんこうする | shinkō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 進行する | しんこうする | shinkō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 進行すれ | しんこうすれ | shinkō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 進行せよ¹ 進行しろ² | しんこうせよ¹ しんこうしろ² | shinkō seyo¹ shinkō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 進行される | しんこうされる | shinkō sareru |
| Causative | 進行させる 進行さす | しんこうさせる しんこうさす | shinkō saseru shinkō sasu |
| Potential | 進行できる | しんこうできる | shinkō dekiru |
| Volitional | 進行しよう | しんこうしよう | shinkō shiyō |
| Negative | 進行しない | しんこうしない | shinkō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 進行せず | しんこうせず | shinkō sezu |
| Formal | 進行します | しんこうします | shinkō shimasu |
| Perfective | 進行した | しんこうした | shinkō shita |
| Conjunctive | 進行して | しんこうして | shinkō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 進行すれば | しんこうすれば | shinkō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 進 | 行 |

### Noun

進行 • (jinhaeng) (hangeul 진행)
* hanja form of 진행 (“an advance; progress”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 進 | 行 |

### Verb

進行
* chữ Hán form of tiến hành (“to proceed”).