# عصا
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *ʕiṣ́-. Cognate with Hebrew עֵץ (ʿēṣ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.sˤan/
* IPA: /ʕa.sˤaː/
** Homophone: عَصَى (ʕaṣā)

#### Noun

عَصًا • (ʕaṣan) f (construct state عَصَا (ʕaṣā), dual عَصَوَانِ (ʕaṣawāni), plural عُصِيّ (ʕuṣiyy) or عِصِيّ (ʕiṣiyy) or أَعْصٍ (ʔaʕṣin) or أَعْصَاء (ʔaʕṣāʔ))
* staff, stick
* walking cane
* punishment, chastisement
* wooden handle
* scepter
* crosier
* dominion
* penis
* lingual bone, tongue
* Muslim fraternity or a community in general

##### Descendants

* Maltese: għasa
* Moroccan Arabic: عصا (ʕṣā)
* ⇒ Gulf Arabic: عصاية (ʕaṣāya)
* ⇒ Hijazi Arabic: عصاية (ʕaṣāya)
* → Armenian: ասա (asa)

### Etymology 2

* Root
* ع ص و (ʕ ṣ w)
* 1 term

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.sˤaː/
** Homophone: عَصَى (ʕaṣā)

#### Verb

عَصَا • (ʕaṣā) I (non-past يَعْصُو (yaʕṣū), verbal noun عَصْو (ʕaṣw))
* to beat or strike with a stick, sword, or staff; to use, handle, wield, equip any of the above.
* to dress wound, to use a splint on a wound
* to unite people for a purpose, to shepherd people together

##### Conjugation
### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “عصا”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Kohistani Shina
### Noun

عصا (esā)
* cane

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَصًا (ʕaṣan, “staff, stick”), itself from Proto-Semitic *ʕiṣ́-.

### Noun

عصا • (ʼasa)
* stick, wand, cane, staff, an elongated piece of wood, typically put to some use
    Synonyms: آغاج (ağac), دكنك (değenek)
* sceptre, an ornamental staff held by a ruling monarch as a symbol of power

#### Derived terms

* عصای موسی (ʼasa-yı musa, “the rod of Moses”)
* پسقپوس عصاسی (piskopos ʼasası, “crosier”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: asa
* → Armenian: ասա (asa)

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “asa2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 307
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “asâ”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 51
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عصا”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 848
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Baculus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 112
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عصا”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3272
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عصا”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1302

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَصًا (ʕaṣan, “stick”)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔa.sɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔä.sɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔä.sɑː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔä.sɑː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔä.sɔː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæ.sɒː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔä.sɔ]
| Dari | عصا |
| Iranian Persian | عصا |
| Tajik | ъасо |

### Noun

عصا • ('asâ) (plural عصا‌ها ('asâ-hâ))
* stick, rod, staff
* scepter
** (by extension) guide
*** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3920:تو عصا کش هر که را که زندگی است بی‌‌عصا و بی‌‌عصا کش کور چیستtū 'asā kaš har ki rā ki zandigī-st bē-'asa u bē-'asa kaš kūr čīstThou art the Guide of every one that hath life: what is the blind man without staff and guide?

### References

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عصا”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim