# 挫

| 挫 | U+632B, &#25387; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-632B |
| ← 挪 [U+632A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 挬 → [U+632C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

挫 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 手人人土 (QOOG), four-corner 5801$_4$, composition ⿰扌坐)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 431, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12087
* Dae Jaweon: page 780, character 29
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1885, character 3
* Unihan data for U+632B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 脞 | *sʰal, *sʰoːlʔ |
| 侳 | *ʔsal, *ʔsoːls |
| 挫 | *ʔsoːls |
| 夎 | *ʔsoːls |
| 遳 | *sʰloːl |
| 銼 | *sʰoːls, *zoːl, *zoːɡ |
| 剉 | *sʰoːls |
| 莝 | *sʰoːls |
| 趖 | *soːl |
| 矬 | *zoːl |
| 痤 | *zoːl |
| 睉 | *zoːl |
| 坐 | *zoːlʔ, *zoːls |
| 座 | *zoːls |
| 髽 | *ʔsroːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːls) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 坐 (OC *zoːlʔ, *zoːls).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cuò, cuō (cuo$^4$, cuo$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄛˋ, ㄘㄨㄛ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): co$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chó̤
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhò
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cuò
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻo$^4$
*** Yale: tswò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuoh
*** Palladius: цо (co)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cuō
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cuo
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻo$^1$
*** Yale: tswō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuo
*** Palladius: цо (co)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: co$^3$
*** Yale: cho
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tso$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: co$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔː³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chó̤
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhò
*** Tâi-lô: tshò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰo²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰo⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰo¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɤ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: tswaH
Rime :
| Character | 挫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 則卧切 |
| Baxter | tswaH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡suɑ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡suɑ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡suɑ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡swa$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡suɑ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡suɑ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡suɑ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zuò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zo$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsoːls/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 挫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 18051 |
| Phonetic component | 坐 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsoːls/ |

### Definitions

挫
* to break (something); to crush; to smash; to push down
* to bend; to flex
* to dampen; to strike; to attack; to defeat; to frustrate; to deflate; to obstruct; to oppress
* setback; frustration; obstruction

### Compounds

* 下挫 (xiàcuò)
* 力挫
* 受挫 (shòucuò)
* 失挫
* 愈挫愈奮／愈挫愈奋
* 折挫
* 抑揚頓挫／抑扬顿挫 (yìyángdùncuò)
* 挫傷／挫伤 (cuòshāng)
* 挫刀
* 挫創／挫创
* 挫動／挫动 (cuòdòng)
* 挫折 (cuòzhé)
* 挫敗／挫败 (cuòbài)
* 挫辱
* 挫過／挫过
* 挫骨揚灰／挫骨扬灰
* 挫魚／挫鱼
* 掙挫／挣挫
* 摧挫
* 敗挫／败挫
* 沉鬱頓挫／沉郁顿挫
* 百折不挫
* 眼挫
* 禁挫
* 腦挫傷／脑挫伤
* 重挫 (zhòngcuò)
* 頓挫／顿挫 (dùncuò)
* 頓挫抑揚／顿挫抑扬

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* crush, break, sprain, discourage

#### Readings

* Go-on: さ (sa)
* Kan-on: さ (sa)
* Kan’yō-on: ざ (za, Jōyō)
* Kun: くじく (kujiku, 挫く)、くじける (kujikeru, 挫ける)

## Korean
### Hanja

挫 (eumhun 꺾을 좌 (kkeokkeul jwa))
* hanja form of 좌 (“to bend; to flex”)

#### Compounds

* 좌절 (挫折, jwajeol, “setback; frustration”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

挫: Hán Nôm readings: dọa/doạ, dóa/doá, tỏa/toả, thọa/thoạ, thúa, thòa/thoà, thụa, sọa/soạ, sùa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.