# phothula
## Zulu
### Verb

-phothula$^?$
* (transitive) to shave
* (transitive) to massage, to rub
* (transitive) to crush, to grind

#### Inflection

Tone unknown :
| Infinitive | ukuphothula |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuphothula | ukungaphothuli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | phothula | -phothule |
| Plural | phothulani | -phothuleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaphothula, ngiphothula | engiphothulayo, engiphothula | ngiphothula | angiphothuli | engingaphothuli | ngingaphothuli |
| 2nd singular | uyaphothula, uphothula | ophothulayo, ophothula | uphothula | awuphothuli | ongaphothuli | ungaphothuli |
| 1st plural | siyaphothula, siphothula | esiphothulayo, esiphothula | siphothula | asiphothuli | esingaphothuli | singaphothuli |
| 2nd plural | niyaphothula, niphothula | eniphothulayo, eniphothula | niphothula | aniphothuli | eningaphothuli | ningaphothuli |
| Class 1 | uyaphothula, uphothula | ophothulayo, ophothula | ephothula | akaphothuli | ongaphothuli | engaphothuli |
| Class 2 | bayaphothula, baphothula | abaphothulayo, abaphothula | bephothula | abaphothuli | abangaphothuli | bengaphothuli |
| Class 3 | uyaphothula, uphothula | ophothulayo, ophothula | uphothula | awuphothuli | ongaphothuli | ungaphothuli |
| Class 4 | iyaphothula, iphothula | ephothulayo, ephothula | iphothula | ayiphothuli | engaphothuli | ingaphothuli |
| Class 5 | liyaphothula, liphothula | eliphothulayo, eliphothula | liphothula | aliphothuli | elingaphothuli | lingaphothuli |
| Class 6 | ayaphothula, aphothula | aphothulayo, aphothula | ephothula | awaphothuli | angaphothuli | engaphothuli |
| Class 7 | siyaphothula, siphothula | esiphothulayo, esiphothula | siphothula | asiphothuli | esingaphothuli | singaphothuli |
| Class 8 | ziyaphothula, ziphothula | eziphothulayo, eziphothula | ziphothula | aziphothuli | ezingaphothuli | zingaphothuli |
| Class 9 | iyaphothula, iphothula | ephothulayo, ephothula | iphothula | ayiphothuli | engaphothuli | ingaphothuli |
| Class 10 | ziyaphothula, ziphothula | eziphothulayo, eziphothula | ziphothula | aziphothuli | ezingaphothuli | zingaphothuli |
| Class 11 | luyaphothula, luphothula | oluphothulayo, oluphothula | luphothula | aluphothuli | olungaphothuli | lungaphothuli |
| Class 14 | buyaphothula, buphothula | obuphothulayo, obuphothula | buphothula | abuphothuli | obungaphothuli | bungaphothuli |
| Class 15 | kuyaphothula, kuphothula | okuphothulayo, okuphothula | kuphothula | akuphothuli | okungaphothuli | kungaphothuli |
| Class 17 | kuyaphothula, kuphothula | okuphothulayo, okuphothula | kuphothula | akuphothuli | okungaphothuli | kungaphothuli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiphothulile, ngiphothulē | engiphothulile, engiphothulē | ngiphothulile, ngiphothulē | angiphothulanga | engingaphothulanga | ngingaphothulanga |
| 2nd singular | uphothulile, uphothulē | ophothulile, ophothulē | uphothulile, uphothulē | awuphothulanga | ongaphothulanga | ungaphothulanga |
| 1st plural | siphothulile, siphothulē | esiphothulile, esiphothulē | siphothulile, siphothulē | asiphothulanga | esingaphothulanga | singaphothulanga |
| 2nd plural | niphothulile, niphothulē | eniphothulile, eniphothulē | niphothulile, niphothulē | aniphothulanga | eningaphothulanga | ningaphothulanga |
| Class 1 | uphothulile, uphothulē | ophothulile, ophothulē | ephothulile, ephothulē | akaphothulanga | ongaphothulanga | engaphothulanga |
| Class 2 | baphothulile, baphothulē | abaphothulile, abaphothulē | bephothulile, bephothulē | abaphothulanga | abangaphothulanga | bengaphothulanga |
| Class 3 | uphothulile, uphothulē | ophothulile, ophothulē | uphothulile, uphothulē | awuphothulanga | ongaphothulanga | ungaphothulanga |
| Class 4 | iphothulile, iphothulē | ephothulile, ephothulē | iphothulile, iphothulē | ayiphothulanga | engaphothulanga | ingaphothulanga |
| Class 5 | liphothulile, liphothulē | eliphothulile, eliphothulē | liphothulile, liphothulē | aliphothulanga | elingaphothulanga | lingaphothulanga |
| Class 6 | aphothulile, aphothulē | aphothulile, aphothulē | ephothulile, ephothulē | awaphothulanga | angaphothulanga | engaphothulanga |
| Class 7 | siphothulile, siphothulē | esiphothulile, esiphothulē | siphothulile, siphothulē | asiphothulanga | esingaphothulanga | singaphothulanga |
| Class 8 | ziphothulile, ziphothulē | eziphothulile, eziphothulē | ziphothulile, ziphothulē | aziphothulanga | ezingaphothulanga | zingaphothulanga |
| Class 9 | iphothulile, iphothulē | ephothulile, ephothulē | iphothulile, iphothulē | ayiphothulanga | engaphothulanga | ingaphothulanga |
| Class 10 | ziphothulile, ziphothulē | eziphothulile, eziphothulē | ziphothulile, ziphothulē | aziphothulanga | ezingaphothulanga | zingaphothulanga |
| Class 11 | luphothulile, luphothulē | oluphothulile, oluphothulē | luphothulile, luphothulē | aluphothulanga | olungaphothulanga | lungaphothulanga |
| Class 14 | buphothulile, buphothulē | obuphothulile, obuphothulē | buphothulile, buphothulē | abuphothulanga | obungaphothulanga | bungaphothulanga |
| Class 15 | kuphothulile, kuphothulē | okuphothulile, okuphothulē | kuphothulile, kuphothulē | akuphothulanga | okungaphothulanga | kungaphothulanga |
| Class 17 | kuphothulile, kuphothulē | okuphothulile, okuphothulē | kuphothulile, kuphothulē | akuphothulanga | okungaphothulanga | kungaphothulanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāphothula | engāphothula | ngāphothula | angiphothulanga | engingaphothulanga | ngingaphothulanga |
| 2nd singular | wāphothula | owāphothula | wāphothula | awuphothulanga | ongaphothulanga | ungaphothulanga |
| 1st plural | sāphothula | esāphothula | sāphothula | asiphothulanga | esingaphothulanga | singaphothulanga |
| 2nd plural | nāphothula | enāphothula | nāphothula | aniphothulanga | eningaphothulanga | ningaphothulanga |
| Class 1 | wāphothula | owāphothula | āphothula | akaphothulanga | ongaphothulanga | engaphothulanga |
| Class 2 | bāphothula | abāphothula | bāphothula | abaphothulanga | abangaphothulanga | bengaphothulanga |
| Class 3 | wāphothula | owāphothula | wāphothula | awuphothulanga | ongaphothulanga | ungaphothulanga |
| Class 4 | yāphothula | eyāphothula | yāphothula | ayiphothulanga | engaphothulanga | ingaphothulanga |
| Class 5 | lāphothula | elāphothula | lāphothula | aliphothulanga | elingaphothulanga | lingaphothulanga |
| Class 6 | āphothula | āphothula | āphothula | awaphothulanga | angaphothulanga | engaphothulanga |
| Class 7 | sāphothula | esāphothula | sāphothula | asiphothulanga | esingaphothulanga | singaphothulanga |
| Class 8 | zāphothula | ezāphothula | zāphothula | aziphothulanga | ezingaphothulanga | zingaphothulanga |
| Class 9 | yāphothula | eyāphothula | yāphothula | ayiphothulanga | engaphothulanga | ingaphothulanga |
| Class 10 | zāphothula | ezāphothula | zāphothula | aziphothulanga | ezingaphothulanga | zingaphothulanga |
| Class 11 | lwāphothula | olwāphothula | lwāphothula | aluphothulanga | olungaphothulanga | lungaphothulanga |
| Class 14 | bāphothula | obāphothula | bāphothula | abuphothulanga | obungaphothulanga | bungaphothulanga |
| Class 15 | kwāphothula | okwāphothula | kwāphothula | akuphothulanga | okungaphothulanga | kungaphothulanga |
| Class 17 | kwāphothula | okwāphothula | kwāphothula | akuphothulanga | okungaphothulanga | kungaphothulanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaphothula | — | ngingaphothula | ngingephothule | — | ngingephothule |
| 2nd singular | ungaphothula | — | ungaphothula | ungephothule | — | ungephothule |
| 1st plural | singaphothula | — | singaphothula | singephothule | — | singephothule |
| 2nd plural | ningaphothula | — | ningaphothula | ningephothule | — | ningephothule |
| Class 1 | angaphothula | — | engaphothula | angephothule | — | engephothule |
| Class 2 | bangaphothula | — | bengaphothula | bangephothule | — | bengephothule |
| Class 3 | ungaphothula | — | ungaphothula | ungephothule | — | ungephothule |
| Class 4 | ingaphothula | — | ingaphothula | ingephothule | — | ingephothule |
| Class 5 | lingaphothula | — | lingaphothula | lingephothule | — | lingephothule |
| Class 6 | angaphothula | — | engaphothula | angephothule | — | engephothule |
| Class 7 | singaphothula | — | singaphothula | singephothule | — | singephothule |
| Class 8 | zingaphothula | — | zingaphothula | zingephothule | — | zingephothule |
| Class 9 | ingaphothula | — | ingaphothula | ingephothule | — | ingephothule |
| Class 10 | zingaphothula | — | zingaphothula | zingephothule | — | zingephothule |
| Class 11 | lungaphothula | — | lungaphothula | lungephothule | — | lungephothule |
| Class 14 | bungaphothula | — | bungaphothula | bungephothule | — | bungephothule |
| Class 15 | kungaphothula | — | kungaphothula | kungephothule | — | kungephothule |
| Class 17 | kungaphothula | — | kungaphothula | kungephothule | — | kungephothule |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizophothula | engizophothula | ngizophothula | angizuphothula | engingezuphothula | ngingezuphothula |
| 2nd singular | uzophothula | ozophothula | uzophothula | awuzuphothula | ongezuphothula | ungezuphothula |
| 1st plural | sizophothula | esizophothula | sizophothula | asizuphothula | esingezuphothula | singezuphothula |
| 2nd plural | nizophothula | enizophothula | nizophothula | anizuphothula | eningezuphothula | ningezuphothula |
| Class 1 | uzophothula | ozophothula | ezophothula | akazuphothula | ongezuphothula | engezuphothula |
| Class 2 | bazophothula | abazophothula | bezophothula | abazuphothula | abangezuphothula | bengezuphothula |
| Class 3 | uzophothula | ozophothula | uzophothula | awuzuphothula | ongezuphothula | ungezuphothula |
| Class 4 | izophothula | ezophothula | izophothula | ayizuphothula | engezuphothula | ingezuphothula |
| Class 5 | lizophothula | elizophothula | lizophothula | alizuphothula | elingezuphothula | lingezuphothula |
| Class 6 | azophothula | azophothula | ezophothula | awazuphothula | angezuphothula | engezuphothula |
| Class 7 | sizophothula | esizophothula | sizophothula | asizuphothula | esingezuphothula | singezuphothula |
| Class 8 | zizophothula | ezizophothula | zizophothula | azizuphothula | ezingezuphothula | zingezuphothula |
| Class 9 | izophothula | ezophothula | izophothula | ayizuphothula | engezuphothula | ingezuphothula |
| Class 10 | zizophothula | ezizophothula | zizophothula | azizuphothula | ezingezuphothula | zingezuphothula |
| Class 11 | luzophothula | oluzophothula | luzophothula | aluzuphothula | olungezuphothula | lungezuphothula |
| Class 14 | buzophothula | obuzophothula | buzophothula | abuzuphothula | obungezuphothula | bungezuphothula |
| Class 15 | kuzophothula | okuzophothula | kuzophothula | akuzuphothula | okungezuphothula | kungezuphothula |
| Class 17 | kuzophothula | okuzophothula | kuzophothula | akuzuphothula | okungezuphothula | kungezuphothula |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyophothula | engiyophothula | ngiyophothula | angiyuphothula | engingeyuphothula | ngingeyuphothula |
| 2nd singular | uyophothula | oyophothula | uyophothula | awuyuphothula | ongeyuphothula | ungeyuphothula |
| 1st plural | siyophothula | esiyophothula | siyophothula | asiyuphothula | esingeyuphothula | singeyuphothula |
| 2nd plural | niyophothula | eniyophothula | niyophothula | aniyuphothula | eningeyuphothula | ningeyuphothula |
| Class 1 | uyophothula | oyophothula | eyophothula | akayuphothula | ongeyuphothula | engeyuphothula |
| Class 2 | bayophothula | abayophothula | beyophothula | abayuphothula | abangeyuphothula | bengeyuphothula |
| Class 3 | uyophothula | oyophothula | uyophothula | awuyuphothula | ongeyuphothula | ungeyuphothula |
| Class 4 | iyophothula | eyophothula | iyophothula | ayiyuphothula | engeyuphothula | ingeyuphothula |
| Class 5 | liyophothula | eliyophothula | liyophothula | aliyuphothula | elingeyuphothula | lingeyuphothula |
| Class 6 | ayophothula | ayophothula | eyophothula | awayuphothula | angeyuphothula | engeyuphothula |
| Class 7 | siyophothula | esiyophothula | siyophothula | asiyuphothula | esingeyuphothula | singeyuphothula |
| Class 8 | ziyophothula | eziyophothula | ziyophothula | aziyuphothula | ezingeyuphothula | zingeyuphothula |
| Class 9 | iyophothula | eyophothula | iyophothula | ayiyuphothula | engeyuphothula | ingeyuphothula |
| Class 10 | ziyophothula | eziyophothula | ziyophothula | aziyuphothula | ezingeyuphothula | zingeyuphothula |
| Class 11 | luyophothula | oluyophothula | luyophothula | aluyuphothula | olungeyuphothula | lungeyuphothula |
| Class 14 | buyophothula | obuyophothula | buyophothula | abuyuphothula | obungeyuphothula | bungeyuphothula |
| Class 15 | kuyophothula | okuyophothula | kuyophothula | akuyuphothula | okungeyuphothula | kungeyuphothula |
| Class 17 | kuyophothula | okuyophothula | kuyophothula | akuyuphothula | okungeyuphothula | kungeyuphothula |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiphothule | ngingaphothuli |
| 2nd singular | uphothule | ungaphothuli |
| 1st plural | siphothule | singaphothuli |
| 2nd plural | niphothule | ningaphothuli |
| Class 1 | aphothule | angaphothuli |
| Class 2 | baphothule | bangaphothuli |
| Class 3 | uphothule | ungaphothuli |
| Class 4 | iphothule | ingaphothuli |
| Class 5 | liphothule | lingaphothuli |
| Class 6 | aphothule | angaphothuli |
| Class 7 | siphothule | singaphothuli |
| Class 8 | ziphothule | zingaphothuli |
| Class 9 | iphothule | ingaphothuli |
| Class 10 | ziphothule | zingaphothuli |
| Class 11 | luphothule | lungaphothuli |
| Class 14 | buphothule | bungaphothuli |
| Class 15 | kuphothule | kungaphothuli |
| Class 17 | kuphothule | kungaphothuli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaphothula | ngangaphothula, angaphothula, angangaphothula |
| 2nd singular | waphothula | wangaphothula, awaphothula, awangaphothula |
| 1st plural | saphothula | sangaphothula, asaphothula, asangaphothula |
| 2nd plural | naphothula | nangaphothula, anaphothula, anangaphothula |
| Class 1 | waphothula | wangaphothula, akaphothula, akangaphothula |
| Class 2 | baphothula | bangaphothula, abaphothula, abangaphothula |
| Class 3 | waphothula | wangaphothula, awaphothula, awangaphothula |
| Class 4 | yaphothula | yangaphothula, ayaphothula, ayangaphothula |
| Class 5 | laphothula | langaphothula, alaphothula, alangaphothula |
| Class 6 | aphothula | angaphothula, awaphothula, awangaphothula |
| Class 7 | saphothula | sangaphothula, asaphothula, asangaphothula |
| Class 8 | zaphothula | zangaphothula, azaphothula, azangaphothula |
| Class 9 | yaphothula | yangaphothula, ayaphothula, ayangaphothula |
| Class 10 | zaphothula | zangaphothula, azaphothula, azangaphothula |
| Class 11 | lwaphothula | lwangaphothula, alwaphothula, alwangaphothula |
| Class 14 | baphothula | bangaphothula, abaphothula, abangaphothula |
| Class 15 | kwaphothula | kwangaphothula, akwaphothula, akwangaphothula |
| Class 17 | kwaphothula | kwangaphothula, akwaphothula, akwangaphothula |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “phothula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “phothula (3.2.9)”