# 寶馬
## Chinese

* 宝马 (Wu)
* 寶馬 (Cantonese)
* 寶馬 (Written Standard Chinese)

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǎomǎ
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄇㄚˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^2$ maa$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǎomǎ [Phonetic: báomǎ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄇㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǎomǎ
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^3$-ma$^3$
*** Yale: bǎu-mǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baomaa
*** Palladius: баома (baoma)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^2$ maa$^5$
*** Yale: bóu máh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^2$ maa$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^2$ ma$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯³⁵ maː¹³/
* Middle Chinese: pawX maeX
Rime :
| Character | 寶 | 馬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 博抱切 | 莫下切 |
| Baxter | pawX | maeX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɑu$^X$/ | /mˠa$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pɑu$^X$/ | /mᵚa$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pɑu$^X$/ | /ma$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /paw$^X$/ | /maɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /pɑu$^X$/ | /ma$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pɑu$^X$/ | /ma$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pɑu$^X$/ | /ma$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bǎo | mǎ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bou$^2$ | maa$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤuʔ mˤraʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*puːʔ mraːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 寶 | 馬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bǎo | mǎ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ paw$^X$ › | ‹ mæ$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁuʔ/ | /*mˁraʔ/ |
| English | precious thing | horse |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 寶 | 馬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3264 | 8715 |
| Phonetic component | 缶 | 馬 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 寶 | 馬 |
| Old Chinese | /*puːʔ/ | /*mraːʔ/ |

#### Noun

寶馬
* precious horse; treasure horse
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Èrshī mǎ, Wǎn bǎomǎ yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

##### Derived terms

* 寶馬香車／宝马香车 (bǎomǎ xiāngchē)
* 香車寶馬／香车宝马 (xiāngchē bǎomǎ)

### Etymology 2

The vehicle brand is a phono-semantic matching of German BMW (寶／宝 (bǎo) and 馬／马 (mǎ) also have same respective initial sounds as English 'B' and 'M'). The name was introduced when the brand entered Hong Kong market in 1968. The term itself refers to a form of transportation used by aristocrats, which was cited by Xin Qiji's poem in 青玉案.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Bǎomǎ
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄇㄚˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^2$ maa$^5$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): bo$^2$ bhê$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Bǎomǎ [Phonetic: báomǎ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄇㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Bǎomǎ
*** Wade–Giles: Pao$^3$-ma$^3$
*** Yale: Bǎu-mǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Baomaa
*** Palladius: Баома (Baoma)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^2$ maa$^5$
*** Yale: bóu máh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^2$ maa$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^2$ ma$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯³⁵ maː¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bo$^2$ bhê$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pó bé
*** Sinological IPA : /po⁵²⁻³⁵ be⁵²⁻²¹/

#### Proper noun

寶馬
* (Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau) BMW (automotive brand, including car, motorcycle)

##### Synonyms

* (Taiwanese Hokkien) 米奶