# ὅς
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hós/ → /os/ → /os/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /(h)os/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /os/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /os/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /os/

### Etymology 1

* PIE word
* *yós
From Proto-Hellenic *yós, from Proto-Indo-European *yós, *yéh₂, *yód (“who, which”), from the relative stem *yo-, from the anaphoric stem *i-, *ey-.
Cognates include Sanskrit यद् (yás, yā, yad), Avestan 𐬫𐬋 (yō), and Phrygian ιος (ios /⁠jos⁠/). See also οἷος (hoîos), ὅσος (hósos).

#### Pronoun

ὅς • (hós) m, ἥ f (hḗ), ὅ n (hó)
* (in Homeric Greek, often demonstrative pronoun) this
* (relative) who, which, that

##### Derived terms

* οἷος (hoîos)
* ὅτε (hóte)
* ὡς (hōs)

##### See also

| type | interrogative | indefinite | (medial) demonstrative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | relative | indefinite relative | identity | other |
| basic | τίς | τις, ἔνιοι | †ὁ, οὗτος | ὅδε | ἐκεῖνος | ὅς | ὅστις | ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός | ἕτερος, ἄλλος |
| dual | πότερος | πότερος, ποτερός | | | | ὁπότερος | ὁπότερος | | |
| quality | ποῖος | ποιός | †τοῖος, τοιοῦτος | τοιόσδε | | οἷος | ὁποῖος | ὅμοιος | ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος |
| quantity | πόσος | ποσός | †τόσος, τοσοῦτος | τοσόσδε | | ὅσος | ὁπόσος | | |
| manner | πῶς | πως | †τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως | ὧδε | | ὡς | ὅπως | ὁμῶς | ἑτέρως, ἄλλως |
| method, path, place | πῇ | πῃ | τῇ, ταύτῃ | τῇδε | ἐκείνῃ | ᾗ | ὅπῃ | | ἄλλῃ |
| place | ποῦ, †πόθι | που, †ποθι | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνθάδε | ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι | οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι | ὅπου, †ὁπόθι | αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ | ἄλλοθι |
| source | πόθεν | ποθεν | †τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν | ἐνθένδε | ἐκεῖθεν | ὅθεν | ὁπόθεν | †ὁμόθεν | ἄλλοθεν |
| destination | ποῖ, †πόσε | ποι | ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα | ἐνθάδε, δεῦρο | ἐκεῖσε | οἷ | ὅποι, †ὁπόσε | αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε | ἄλλοσε |
| time | πότε, πῆμος | ποτέ, ποτε, τοτέ, ἐνίοτε | τότε, τῆμος | τημόσδε | | ὅτε, ἦμος | ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος | ἅμα | ἄλλοτε |
| exact time | πηνίκα | | †τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα | τηνικάδε | | ἡνίκα | ὁπηνίκα | αὐτίκα | |
| duration of time | | | τέως | | | ἕως | | | |
| size, age | πηλίκος | πηλίκος | †τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος | τηλικόσδε | | ἡλίκος | ὁπηλίκος | ὁμῆλιξ | |
| repetition | ποσάκις, ποσίνδα | ποσάκις | τουτάκις, τοσάκις | | | †ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις | ὁποσάκις | | |
| multiplication | ποσαπλάσιος | | | | | ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων | | | |
| order | πόστος | ποστός | | | | | ὁπόστος | | |
| † Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions. ||||||||||

##### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὅς 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1117
* ↑ “ὅς, ἥ, ὅ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ↑ Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 338: relative pronoun
* ↑ William Bedell Stanford (1959) [1947]. "Introduction, Grammatical Introduction". Homer: Odyssey I-XII 1 (2nd ed.). Macmillan Education Ltd. p. lxiii, § 12.1 12.2.

### Etymology 2

* PIE word
* *swé
Like ἕ (hé, “him”), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun). Cognate with Sanskrit स्व (svá). See also ἑός (heós).

#### Alternative forms

* ἑός (heós) — Epic
* ἱός (hiós) — Boeotian
* ϝός (wós) — Laconian, Doric

#### Determiner

ὅς • (hós) m (feminine ἥ, neuter ὅν); first/second declension (third person singular possessive determiner)
* (with noun) his, her, its
* (as substantive, sometimes with article) his, hers
** (in the plural) his or her people, friends, family; his possessions

##### Inflection
### Further reading

* “ὅς, ἥ, ὅν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* William Bedell Stanford (1959) [1947]. "Introduction, Grammatical Introduction". Homer: Odyssey I-XII 1 (2nd ed.). Macmillan Education Ltd. p. lxiii, § 12.1.
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN