# 青天
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīngtiān
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceng$^1$ tin$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chheng-thian
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cên$^1$ tin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīngtiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cingtian
*** Wade–Giles: chʻing$^1$-tʻien$^1$
*** Yale: chīng-tyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chingtian
*** Palladius: цинтянь (cintjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceng$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Yale: chēng tīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tseng$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: céng$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng-thian
*** Tâi-lô: tshing-thian
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhengtiefn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tʰiɛn³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cên$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsheⁿ thiⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tʰĩ³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsheng then
Rime :
| Character | 青 | 天 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 倉經切 | 他前切 |
| Baxter | tsheng | then |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰeŋ/ | /tʰen/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰeŋ/ | /tʰen/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛŋ/ | /tʰɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛjŋ/ | /tʰɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰeŋ/ | /tʰen/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰieŋ/ | /tʰien/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰieŋ/ | /tʰien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qīng | tiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cing$^1$ | tin$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.r̥]ˤeŋ l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ qʰl'iːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 青 | 天 | 天 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qīng | tiān | xiān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsheng › | ‹ then › | ‹ xen › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s.r̥]ˁeŋ/ | /*l̥ˁi[n]/ | /*l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time *xˁ- > MC x-) |
| English | green or blue | heaven | heaven |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 青 | 天 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11362 | 12387 |
| Phonetic component | 生 | 天 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 靑 | 天 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰleːŋ/ | /*qʰl'iːn/ |
| Notes | 說文從生丹，戴桐王筠皆雲從丹生聲 | |

### Noun

青天
* blue sky
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Bèifù qīngtiān ér mò zhī yāo'è zhě, érhòu nǎijīn jiāng tú nán. [Pinyin]
    As it seemed to bear the blue sky on its back, and there was nothing to obstruct or arrest its course, it could pursue its way to the South.

#### Synonyms

* 碧空 (bìkōng) (literary)
* 碧落 (bìluò) (literary, Taoism)
* 蒼天／苍天 (cāngtiān) (literary)
* 蒼旻／苍旻 (cāngmín) (literary)
* 蒼穹／苍穹 (cāngqióng) (literary)
* 藍天／蓝天 (lántiān)
* 青空 (qīngkōng) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 包青天 (Bāoqīngtiān)
* 撥開雲霧見青天／拨开云雾见青天 (bōkāi yúnwù jiàn qīngtiān)
* 青天白日 (qīngtiānbáirì)
* 青天白日滿地紅／青天白日满地红 (qīngtiān báirì mǎndì hóng)

### Proper noun

青天
* (～村) Qingtian (a village in Muyu, Shennongjia, Hubei, China)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 青 | 天 |
| せい Grade: 1 | てん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 靑天 (kyūjitai)

### Noun

青(せい)天(てん) • (seiten)
* blue sky
    Synonyms: 青空 (aozora), 碧空 (hekikū), 碧天 (hekiten), 碧虚 (hekyo), 碧霄 (hekishō), 蒼空 (sōkū), 蒼穹 (sōkyū), 蒼天 (sōten)