# 毒害
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dúhài
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˊ ㄏㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): duk$^6$ hoi$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thu̍k-hoi
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): to̍k-hāi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dúhài
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ ㄏㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dúhài
*** Wade–Giles: tu$^2$-hai$^4$
*** Yale: dú-hài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwuhay
*** Palladius: духай (duxaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu³⁵ xaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: duk$^6$ hoi$^6$
*** Yale: duhk hoih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: duk$^9$ hoi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dug$^6$ hoi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊk̚² hɔːi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍k-hoi
*** Hakka Romanization System: tug hoi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tug$^6$ hoi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuk̚⁵ hoi̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to̍k-hāi
*** Tâi-lô: to̍k-hāi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doghai
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tɔk̚⁴⁻³² hai²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔk̚²⁴⁻² hai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hai²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔk̚⁴⁻³² hai³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔk̚⁴⁻³² hai³³/

### Verb

毒害
* to poison the mind; to corrupt
* to murder by poisoning
* to persecute
* to become implicated; to suffer damage

#### Synonyms

* (to poison the mind): 麻醉 (mázuì), 洗腦／洗脑 (xǐnǎo)

### Noun

毒害
* poison; bane

### Adjective

毒害
* (literary) cruel-hearted; vicious; heartless

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 毒 | 害 |
| どく Grade: 5 | がい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) どくがい [dòkúgáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [do̞kɯ̟ɡa̠i]

### Noun

毒(どく)害(がい) • (dokugai)
* murder by poisoning

#### Synonyms

* 毒殺(どくさつ) (dokusatsu)

### Verb

毒(どく)害(がい)する • (dokugai suru) intransitive suru (stem 毒(どく)害(がい)し (dokugai shi), past 毒(どく)害(がい)した (dokugai shita))
* to poison; to murder by poisoning

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 毒害し | どくがいし | dokugai shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 毒害し | どくがいし | dokugai shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 毒害する | どくがいする | dokugai suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 毒害する | どくがいする | dokugai suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 毒害すれ | どくがいすれ | dokugai sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 毒害せよ¹ 毒害しろ² | どくがいせよ¹ どくがいしろ² | dokugai seyo¹ dokugai shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 毒害される | どくがいされる | dokugai sareru |
| Causative | 毒害させる 毒害さす | どくがいさせる どくがいさす | dokugai saseru dokugai sasu |
| Potential | 毒害できる | どくがいできる | dokugai dekiru |
| Volitional | 毒害しよう | どくがいしよう | dokugai shiyō |
| Negative | 毒害しない | どくがいしない | dokugai shinai |
| Negative continuative | 毒害せず | どくがいせず | dokugai sezu |
| Formal | 毒害します | どくがいします | dokugai shimasu |
| Perfective | 毒害した | どくがいした | dokugai shita |
| Conjunctive | 毒害して | どくがいして | dokugai shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 毒害すれば | どくがいすれば | dokugai sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 毒 | 害 |

### Noun

毒害 • (dokhae) (hangeul 독해)
* hanja form of 독해

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 毒 | 害 |

### Adjective

毒害
* chữ Hán form of độc hại (“noxious”).