# 卒業
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zúyè
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨˊ ㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeot$^1$ jip$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chut-ngia̍p
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chut-gia̍p
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tseq-gniq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zúyè
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨˊ ㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zúyè
*** Wade–Giles: tsu$^2$-yeh$^4$
*** Yale: dzú-yè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzwuyeh
*** Palladius: цзуе (czuje)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su³⁵ jɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeot$^1$ jip$^6$
*** Yale: jēut yihp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoet$^7$ jip$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêd$^1$ yib$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵt̚⁵ jiːp̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chut-ngia̍p
*** Hakka Romanization System: zud$^ˋ$ ngiab
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zud$^5$ ngiab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sut̚² ŋi̯ap̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chut-gia̍p
*** Tâi-lô: tsut-gia̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zutgiap
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sut̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡiap̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sut̚³²⁻⁵ ɡiap̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$tseq-gniq
*** MiniDict: tseh$^入$ nyih
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$tseq-nyiq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡səʔ³³ n̠ʲiɪʔ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tswit ngjaep
Rime :
| Character | 卒 | 業 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 術 (52) | 業 (147) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 子聿切 | 魚怯切 |
| Baxter | tswit | ngjaep |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡siuɪt̚/ | /ŋɨɐp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʷit̚/ | /ŋiɐp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sjuet̚/ | /ŋiɐp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡swit̚/ | /ŋɨap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siuĕt̚/ | /ŋiap̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭuĕt̚/ | /ŋĭɐp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡si̯uĕt̚/ | /ŋi̯ɐp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ju | yè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zeot$^1$ | jip$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ut [m-qʰ](r)[a]p/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsud ŋab/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 卒 | 業 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zú | yè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tswit › | ‹ ngjæp › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ut/ | /*[m-qʰ](r)[a]p/ |
| English | finish, die | work (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 卒 | 業 |
| Reading # | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17964 | 14819 |
| Phonetic component | 卒 | 業 |
| Rime group | 物 | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 卒 | 業 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsud/ | /*ŋab/ |
| Notes | 裘錫圭康殷皆雲金文象衣加劃表衣縫製完結 | |

### Verb

卒業 (intransitive)
* (literary) to graduate
* (Classical) to finish a task
* (Classical) to finish reading aloud

#### Synonyms

* (to graduate):
* 出業／出业 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 完成學業／完成学业 (wánchéng xuéyè)
* 畢業／毕业 (bìyè)
* 結束學習／结束学习 (jiéshù xuéxí)

#### Derived terms

* 卒業生／卒业生 (zúyèshēng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 卒業(そつぎょう) (sotsugyō)
* → Korean: 졸업(卒業) (joreop)
* → Vietnamese: tốt nghiệp (卒業)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 卒 | 業 |
| そつ Grade: 4 | ぎょう Grade: 3 |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spelling
* 卆業

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そつぎょー [sòtsúgyóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [so̞t͡sɨɡʲo̞ː]

### Noun

卒(そつ)業(ぎょう) • (sotsugyō)
* graduation
    人間(にんげん)卒業(そつぎょう)
       ningen sotsugyō
       (humorous) transcending humanity; superhuman
* outgrowth
* (Japanese entertainment) graduation (leaving a group)

#### Coordinate terms

* (graduation): 修了(しゅうりょう) (shūryō): completion (of a course)
* (outgrowth): 脱却(だっきゃく) (dakkyaku): escape

#### Derived terms

* 卒業試験(そつぎょうしけん) (sotsugyō shiken): (n.) graduation exam
* 卒業式(そつぎょうしき) (sotsugyō-shiki): (n.) commencement ceremony, graduation ceremony
* 卒業証書(そつぎょうしょうしょ) (sotsugyō shōsho): (n.) diploma
* 卒業生(そつぎょうせい) (sotsugyōsei): (n.) alumnus, alumni
* 卒業論文(そつぎょうろんぶん) (sotsugyō ronbun): graduation thesis

### Verb

卒(そつ)業(ぎょう)する • (sotsugyō suru) suru (stem 卒(そつ)業(ぎょう)し (sotsugyō shi), past 卒(そつ)業(ぎょう)した (sotsugyō shita))
* to graduate
    大学(だいがく)を卒業(そつぎょう)する
       daigaku o sotsugyō suru
       graduate from college
* to outgrow
    工業社会(こうぎょうしゃかい)を卒業(そつぎょう)して、情報社会(じょうほうしゃかい)に移行(いこう)する
       kōgyō shakai o sotsugyō shite, jōhō shakai ni ikō suru
       outgrow the industrial society and shift to the information society
* (Japanese entertainment) to graduate (leave a group)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 卒業し | そつぎょうし | sotsugyō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 卒業し | そつぎょうし | sotsugyō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 卒業する | そつぎょうする | sotsugyō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 卒業する | そつぎょうする | sotsugyō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 卒業すれ | そつぎょうすれ | sotsugyō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 卒業せよ¹ 卒業しろ² | そつぎょうせよ¹ そつぎょうしろ² | sotsugyō seyo¹ sotsugyō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 卒業される | そつぎょうされる | sotsugyō sareru |
| Causative | 卒業させる 卒業さす | そつぎょうさせる そつぎょうさす | sotsugyō saseru sotsugyō sasu |
| Potential | 卒業できる | そつぎょうできる | sotsugyō dekiru |
| Volitional | 卒業しよう | そつぎょうしよう | sotsugyō shiyō |
| Negative | 卒業しない | そつぎょうしない | sotsugyō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 卒業せず | そつぎょうせず | sotsugyō sezu |
| Formal | 卒業します | そつぎょうします | sotsugyō shimasu |
| Perfective | 卒業した | そつぎょうした | sotsugyō shita |
| Conjunctive | 卒業して | そつぎょうして | sotsugyō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 卒業すれば | そつぎょうすれば | sotsugyō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 卒 | 業 |

### Noun

卒業 • (joreop) (hangeul 졸업)
* hanja form of 졸업 (“graduation”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 卒 | 業 |

### Verb

卒業
* chữ Hán form of tốt nghiệp (“to graduate”).