# 草花
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cǎohuā
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄏㄨㄚ
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhó-fâ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhó-hoe
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tshau-ho
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cǎohuā
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄏㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǎohua
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻao$^3$-hua$^1$
*** Yale: tsǎu-hwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaohua
*** Palladius: цаохуа (caoxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cǎohuār
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄏㄨㄚㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǎohuar
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻao$^3$-hua$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: tsǎu-hwār
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaohual
*** Palladius: цаохуар (caoxuar)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhó-fâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: co$^ˋ$ fa$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: co$^3$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³¹ fa²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-hoe
*** Tâi-lô: tshó-hue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoy'hoef
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hue⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tshau-ho
*** MiniDict: tshau$^去$ ho
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tshau-ho
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰɔ³³ ho⁴⁴/

### Noun

草花
* showy flowers
* (dialectal, card games) club (♣)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 梅花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 草花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 梅花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 梅花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 梅花, 草花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 草花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 梅花, 草花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 梅花, 草花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 梅花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 梅花, 草花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 梅花兒, 草花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 草花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 草花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 梅花兒, 草花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 梅花兒, 草花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 梅花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 梅花, 草花 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 梅花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 梅花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 梅花 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 梅花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 梅花 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 草花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 梅花兒, 草花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 草花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 草花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 草花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 梅花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 草花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 梅花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 梅花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 梅花, 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 梅花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 梅花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 梅花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 梅花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 梅花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 梅花, 草花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 梅花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 梅花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 梅花, 草花, 草花兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 梅花, 梅花兒, 櫻花兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 梅花, 櫻花兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 梅花, 櫻花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 梅花, 梅子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 梅花兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 細葉兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 梅花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 梅花, 草花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 梅花, 草花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 梅花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 草花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 梅花, 草花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 梅花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 梅花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 草花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 梅花 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 梅花 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 梅花 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 梅花 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 梅花 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 梅花 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 梅花, 狗腳跡 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 梅花 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 草花, 梅花 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 梅花 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 梅花兒, 梅花 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Datong | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 梅花兒, 梅子 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Linhe | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Jining | 梅花 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 梅花 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Handan | 梅花, 草花 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Suide | 梅花兒 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 梅花 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 棉花 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 梅花 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 梅花 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 草花 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 草花, 草頭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 草花, 金花菜 |
| Wu | Danyang | 梅花, 草花 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 草花 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 草子 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 草花 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 梅花 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 草花 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 梅花 |

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 草 | 花 |
| くさ Grade: 1 | はな > ばな Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
Attested from the 10th century. Superficially 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”) + 花(はな) (hana, “flower”). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くさばな [kùsáꜜbànà] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [kɯ̟̊sa̠ba̠na̠]

#### Noun

草(くさ)花(ばな) • (kusabana)
* a flowering plant
* a flower

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 草 | 花 |
| そう Grade: 1 | か Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
Attested from at least the Nippo Jisho ("Japanese–Portuguese Dictionary") in 1603. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そーか [sóꜜòkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [so̞ːka̠]

#### Noun

草(そう)花(か) • (sōka)
* synonym of 草花(くさばな) (kusabana, “flowering plant; flower”)

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN