# 瞽

| 瞽 | U+77BD, &#30653; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77BD |
| ← 瞼 [U+77BC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瞾 → [U+77BE] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* (archaic) 𠑹

### Han character

瞽 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 土水月山 (GEBU), four-corner 4460$_4$, composition ⿱鼓目)
* blind
* blind musician
* stupid

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 819, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23745
* Dae Jaweon: page 1231, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2516, character 3
* Unihan data for U+77BD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 皷 | *kʷaːʔ |
| 鼓 | *kʷaːʔ |
| 瞽 | *kʷaːʔ |

### Etymology

From 鼓 (OC *kʷaːʔ, “drum”) (Schuessler, 2007), as musicians were blind in ancient times.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǔ (gu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gu$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^3$
*** Yale: gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
*** Palladius: гу (gu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^2$
*** Yale: gú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘
*** Tâi-lô: kóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kor
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kuX
Rime :
| Character | 瞽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 公戸切 |
| Baxter | kuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuo$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ko$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɔ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ko$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ku$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kuo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤaʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʷaːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 瞽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ku$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁaʔ/ |
| English | blind |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瞽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4338 |
| Phonetic component | 鼓 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 古 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷaːʔ/ |

### Definitions

瞽
* blind
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ jiàn qíshuāi zhě, miǎn yīshang zhě yǔ gǔzhě, jiàn zhī, suī shào bì zuò; guò zhī, bì qū. [Pinyin]
    When the Master saw a person in a mourning dress, or any one with the cap and upper and lower garments of full dress, or a blind person, on observing them approaching, though they were younger than himself, he would rise up, and if he had to pass by them, he would do so hastily.
* undiscerning

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 瞽, 盲 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 失明, 瞎眼, 瞎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 瞎眼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 瞎, 盲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 瞎, 盲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 盲, 盲眼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 盲, 盲眼 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 盲 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 瞎, 盲 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 眼瞎 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 目瞎 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 目瞨, 目瞎, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 青盲 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 瞎 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Pingtian) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 青盲 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 青盲 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 瞎 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 盲 |

### Compounds

* 兩瞽相扶／两瞽相扶
* 有瞽
* 狂瞽
* 瞽叟
* 瞽史 (gǔshǐ)
* 瞽師／瞽师 (gǔshī)
* 瞽目 (gǔmù)
* 瞽目先生
* 瞽瞍
* 瞽者 (gǔzhě)
* 瞽言妄舉／瞽言妄举
* 瞽言芻議／瞽言刍议
* 瞽說／瞽说
* 瞽議／瞽议

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: こ (ko)
* Kun: めしい (meshii, 瞽い)、めくら (mekura)

### Definitions

* Kanji in this term
* 瞽
* めくら Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 瞽 – see the following entry. :
| 【めくら】 | [noun] (likely offensive) blindness [noun] (likely offensive) blind person [noun] (likely offensive) ignorance [noun] (likely offensive) ignorant person; an ignoramus Alternative spelling 盲 |
(This term, 瞽, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

瞽 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

瞽: Hán Nôm readings: cổ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.