# 刑罰
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xíngfá
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄈㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jing$^4$ fat$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hìn-fa̍t
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hêng-hoa̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hêng$^5$ huag$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xíngfá
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄈㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: síngfá
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^2$-fa$^2$
*** Yale: syíng-fá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngfar
*** Palladius: синфа (sinfa)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ³⁵ fä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^4$ fat$^6$
*** Yale: yìhng faht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^4$ fat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^4$ fed$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ²¹ fɐt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hìn-fa̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: hin$^ˇ$ fad
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hin$^2$ fad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /hin¹¹ fat̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-hoa̍t
*** Tâi-lô: hîng-hua̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: henghoat
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² huat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² huat̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² huat̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ huat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ huat̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hêng$^5$ huag$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hêng hua̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /heŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huak̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: heng bjot
Rime :
| Character | 刑 | 罰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) | 月 (68) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 戸經切 | 房越切 |
| Baxter | heng | bjot |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦeŋ/ | /bʉɐt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦeŋ/ | /bʷiɐt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɛŋ/ | /biuɐt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦɛjŋ/ | /buat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣeŋ/ | /biuɐt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣieŋ/ | /bĭwɐt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣieŋ/ | /bʱi̯wɐt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xíng | fá |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jing$^4$ | faat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤeŋ [b][a]t/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːŋ bad/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 刑 | 罰 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xíng | fá |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ heng › | ‹ bjot › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ˁeŋ/ | /*[b][a]t/ |
| English | punish(ment) | punish |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 刑 | 罰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 6861 | 2865 |
| Phonetic component | 井 | 罰 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 㓝 | 伐 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡeːŋ/ | /*bad/ |

### Noun

刑罰
* (law) penalty; sentence; punishment
    From: Rites of Zhou, circa 3rd century BCE
    Fán guó shīhuǒ, yě fén lái, zé yǒu xíngfá yān. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* (literary, or in compounds) 刑 (xíng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 刑罰(けいばつ) (keibatsu)
* → Korean: 형벌(刑罰) (hyeongbeol)
* → Vietnamese: hình phạt (刑罰)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 刑 | 罰 |
| けい Grade: S | ばつ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けーばつ [kéꜜèbàtsù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ke̞ːba̠t͡sɨ]

### Noun

刑(けい)罰(ばつ) • (keibatsu)
* a penalty
* punishment

#### Synonyms

* 刑(けい) (kei)
* 罰(ばつ) (batsu)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 刑 | 罰 |

### Noun

刑罰 • (hyeongbeol) (hangeul 형벌)
* hanja form of 형벌 (“punishment; penalty”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 刑 | 罰 |

### Noun

刑罰
* chữ Hán form of hình phạt (“punishment”).