# 塗る
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 塗
* ぬ Grade: S
* kun'yomi

### Etymology

From Old Japanese. Possibly related to 濡れる (nureru, “to get wet”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぬる [nùrú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [nɯ̟ɾɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「塗る」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 塗る | ぬる | [nùrú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 塗れ | ぬれ | [nùré] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 塗られる | ぬられる | [nùrárérú] |
| Causative | 塗らせる | ぬらせる | [nùrásérú] |
| Potential | 塗れる | ぬれる | [nùrérú] |
| Volitional | 塗ろう | ぬろー | [nùróꜜò] |
| Negative | 塗らない | ぬらない | [nùránáí] |
| Negative perfective | 塗らなかった | ぬらなかった | [nùránáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 塗ります | ぬります | [nùrímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 塗った | ぬった | [nùttá] |
| Conjunctive | 塗って | ぬって | [nùtté] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 塗れば | ぬれば | [nùréꜜbà] |

### Verb

塗(ぬ)る • (nuru) transitive godan (stem 塗(ぬ)り (nuri), past 塗(ぬ)った (nutta))
* to paint or plaster
* to spread on, to dab on, to apply
    油(あぶら)を塗(ぬ)る
       abura o nuru
       grease, anoint with oil
* to fill in
    マークシートを塗(ぬ)る
       mākushīto o nuru
       to fill in the bubble sheet

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 塗ら | ぬら | nura |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 塗り | ぬり | nuri |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 塗る | ぬる | nuru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 塗る | ぬる | nuru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 塗れ | ぬれ | nure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 塗れ | ぬれ | nure |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 塗られる | ぬられる | nurareru |
| Causative | 塗らせる 塗らす | ぬらせる ぬらす | nuraseru nurasu |
| Potential | 塗れる | ぬれる | nureru |
| Volitional | 塗ろう | ぬろう | nurō |
| Negative | 塗らない | ぬらない | nuranai |
| Negative continuative | 塗らず | ぬらず | nurazu |
| Formal | 塗ります | ぬります | nurimasu |
| Perfective | 塗った | ぬった | nutta |
| Conjunctive | 塗って | ぬって | nutte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 塗れば | ぬれば | nureba |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 塗ら | ぬら | nura |
| Continuative (連用形) | 塗り | ぬり | nuri |
| Terminal (終止形) | 塗る | ぬる | nuru |
| Attributive (連体形) | 塗る | ぬる | nuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 塗れ | ぬれ | nure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 塗れ | ぬれ | nure |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 塗らず | ぬらず | nurazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 塗れど | ぬれど | nuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 塗れば | ぬれば | nureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 塗らば | ぬらば | nuraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 塗りき | ぬりき | nuriki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 塗りけり | ぬりけり | nurikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 塗りつ | ぬりつ | nuritu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 塗りぬ | ぬりぬ | nurinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 塗れり 塗りたり | ぬれり ぬりたり | nureri nuritari |
| Volitional | 塗らむ | ぬらむ | nuramu |

### References

* ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN