# 天馬
## Chinese

* 天馬

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tiānmǎ
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄚˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tin$^1$ maa$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiānmǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tianmǎ
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^1$-ma$^3$
*** Yale: tyān-mǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianmaa
*** Palladius: тяньма (tjanʹma)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tin$^1$ maa$^5$
*** Yale: tīn máh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tin$^1$ maa$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tin$^1$ ma$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/
* Middle Chinese: then maeX
Rime :
| Character | 天 | 馬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | II |
| Fanqie | 他前切 | 莫下切 |
| Baxter | then | maeX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰen/ | /mˠa$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰen/ | /mᵚa$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɛn/ | /ma$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰɛn/ | /maɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰen/ | /ma$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰien/ | /ma$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tʰien/ | /ma$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tiān | mǎ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tin$^1$ | maa$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n] mˤraʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰl'iːn mraːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 天 | 天 | 馬 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tiān | xiān | mǎ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ then › | ‹ xen › | ‹ mæ$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ˁi[n]/ | /*l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time *xˁ- > MC x-) | /*mˁraʔ/ |
| English | heaven | heaven | horse |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 天 | 馬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12387 | 8715 |
| Phonetic component | 天 | 馬 |
| Rime group | 眞 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 天 | 馬 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰl'iːn/ | /*mraːʔ/ |

### Noun

天馬
* (literary, laudatory) fine horse
* serow (Capricornis sumatraensis)
* (literary, Chinese mythology) mythical horse ridden by the Celestial Emperor
* (literary, Chinese mythology) white dog-like beast with a black head, which flies when it sees people
* (literary, Chinese astronomy) a star in the Legs mansion
* (literary) praying mantis
* (literary, Greek mythology) Pegasus

#### Synonyms

(mantis):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 螳蜋, 螳蠰, 蟷蜋, 蟷蠰, 䖨蜋, 莫貈, 蛑, 髦, 不過, 虰, 蝆蝆, 天馬, 齕疣, 食疣, 蚚父, 拒斧, 蜛蚥, 馬敫, 勇蟲 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 螳螂 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 螳螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 刀螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 螳螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 刀螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 刀螂子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 刀螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 刀螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 刀螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 刀螂, 螳螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 刀螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 刀螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 刀螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 刀螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 螳螂, 刀螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 螳螂, 刀螂 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 螳螂 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 刀螂 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 刀螂 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 刀螂 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 刀螂 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 刀螂 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 刀螂 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 刀螂 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 刀螂 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 刀螂 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 刀螂 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 刀龍 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 刀螂 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 刀螂 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 螳螂 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 螳螂 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 螳螂 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 鋤田老漢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 螂蹦蹦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 螳螂, 砍刀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 螳螂, 砍刀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 砍刀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 刀龍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 螳螂 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 猴子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 砍刀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 螳螂 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 螳螂 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 砍頭螂 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 螳螂, 刀刀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 猴子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 螳螂 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 螳螂 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 猴子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 螳螂 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 刀螂, 猴子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 螳螂, 猴子, 孫猴子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 螳螂, 蚱蠓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 猴三兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 千蛋哥兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 螳螂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 香猴三兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 猴子, 猴三兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 螳螂, 䗛子, 蔥擔婆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 螳螂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 螳螂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 螳螂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 螳螂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 螳螂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 螳螂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 螳螂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 螳螂, 鬼螞蚱 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 螳螂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 螳螂, 鬼螞蚱 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 大螞蚱 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 螳螂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 螳螂, 馬螂䗧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 馬螂䗧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 螳螂兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 螳螂 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 螳螂, 刀螂 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 螳螂, 刀螂 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 刀螂, 刀螂子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 刀螂 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 刀螂 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 啄螂 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 刀螂 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 刀螂 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 刀螂 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 猴子頭兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 螳螂, 䗛子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 馬螂狂 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 螳螂, 馬螂狂 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 斬柴郎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 羊貓哥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 斬刀娘 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 鉸剪霎 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 馬交螂 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 螳螂 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 馬螂狂 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 馬騮狂 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 馬螂狂 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 馬螂狂 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 馬螂狂 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 馬螂狂 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 馬螂狂 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 馬螂狂 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 馬螂狂 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 馬螂狂 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 馬螂狂 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 馬螂狂 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 馬螂狂 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 馬螂狂 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 螳螂 |
| Cantonese | Ipoh (Guangfu) | 螳螂 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 馬螂狂 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 馬螂狂, 狂螂 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 螳螂 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 螳螂 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 猴子 |
| Gan | Liuyang | 禾猴哩 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 螳螂仔, 螳螂 |
| Hakka | Zengcheng (Zhengguo) | 老虎阿哥 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 老虎哥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 豹虎哥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 禾擔竿, 擔竿板, 生黸刀嫲 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 豹虎哥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 豹虎哥 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 碓雞公, 猴子 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 老虎哥 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian) | 豹虎哥 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 草猴, 草馬 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 螳螂 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 㧡水擔竿, 竹篙仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 草猴 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 調羹仔, 摳考 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 草猴 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 老虎哥, 挨礱披波, 草馬仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 草馬, 挨礱噓呼, 草鞋耙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 挨礱披波, 草馬仔, 草馬, 老虎哥 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 螳𫋐 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 草猴, 草蝦 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 豹虎哥 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 馬猴螳 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 螳螂, 斬刀羊 dated |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 滾龍狂 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 螳螂, 鐵絲蛇 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 剪頭髮個 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 扁擔婆, 吃猴蟲 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 扁擔, 吃猴蟲兒 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 燒火人 |
| Jin | Datong | 螳螂兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 掐猴猴蟲, 槌敲 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 螳螂 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 砍瓜郎 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 簸簸箕 |
| Jin | Linhe | 簸簸箕 |
| Jin | Jining | 螳螂 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 螳螂, 扁擔 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 扁擔 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 鍘刀, 砍三刀兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 刀螂 |
| Jin | Handan | 螳螂, 磕頭螂 |
| Jin | Suide | 螳螂 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 蜣螂 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蘆螞 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 草蜢哥 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 慘蜢 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 草蜢哥, 馬蟧琊啷 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 草猴, 草衝 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 芒螳 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 虎魯舅 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 老虎舅 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 樹猴 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an (Sidu) | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an (Tingyang, Baiyang) | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an (Wenshan, Taiping) | 草馬 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 螳芒 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 螳芒 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Taitung (Green Island) | 螳芒 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 草猴, 鐵頭 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Liuqiu) | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 國舅, 樹貓 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Huxi) | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Jibei) | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 草猴, 草衝, 樹貓 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 灶雞 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 苦舅 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 杜猴 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 草猴 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 擔油公, 日頭翼 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 擔油公 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 草猴 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 草猴 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 螳螂 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 馬喵螂 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 馬螂䗧 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 虎頭劈 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 螳螂 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 螳螂 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 螳螂 |
| Wu | Danyang | 蚱螂 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 螳螂 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 斧頭蟑螂, 吃髮螂, 吃頭髮郎 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 頭毛公公, 頭毛娘, 頭毛虎, 頭毛吊, 打刀娘, 剪裾娘, 紫金娘 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 禾老蟲 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 禾老虎 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 禾老蟲 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 禾老蟲 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 螳螂 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 螳螂 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Dong'an | 螳螂 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) | 老虎瓜瓜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) | 馬螂狂 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) | 猴哥 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Shitang) | 老虎哥哥 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Beixiang) | 蜉螂狂 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Huangpu) | 猴牯灶雞 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) | 麥崽, 草猴 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Sanxi) | 老虎灶雞 |

### Proper noun

天馬
* (～街道) Tianma (a subdistrict of Changshan, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China)

### Derived terms

* 天馬座／天马座
* 天馬行空／天马行空 (tiānmǎxíngkōng)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 天 | 馬 |
| てん Grade: 1 | ま Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
From Chinese 天馬／天马 (tiānmǎ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tẽ̞mːa̠]

#### Noun

天(てん)馬(ま) • (tenma)
* (Japanese mythology, fiction) Heavenly steed

#### Proper noun

天(てん)馬(ま) • (Tenma)
* a surname

##### Descendants

* English: Tenma

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 天 | 馬 |
| ペガサス ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 2 |
| irregular ||
天 (“sky”) +‎ 馬 (“horse”). From Ancient Greek Πήγασος (Pḗgasos), and associated with the term sky horse.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pe̞ɡa̠sa̠sɨ]

#### Noun

天馬(ペガサス) • (pegasasu)
* (mythology, fiction) pegasus, a winged horse

#### Proper noun

天馬(ペガサス) • (Pegasasu)
* (Greek mythology) The Pegasus winged horse

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 天 | 馬 |

### Proper noun

天馬 • (Cheonma) (hangeul 천마)
* hanja form of 천마

## Vietnamese
### Han character

天馬
* chữ Hán form of thiên mã.
* chữ Hán form of Thiên Mã.