# gluma
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin glūma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈɡlu.mə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈɡlu.ma]

### Noun

gluma f (plural glumes)
* (botany) glume

### Further reading

* “gluma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “gluma”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
* “gluma” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “gluma” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin glūma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡlu.ma/
* Rhymes: -uma
* Hyphenation: glù‧ma

### Noun

gluma f (plural glume)
* (botany) glume

## Latin
### Etymology

Derived from glūbō (“I peel”).

### Noun

glūma f (genitive glūmae); first declension
* husk of grain, the glume
    Synonym: folliculus
** 116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Agricultural Topics 1.48.1:ea (spīca) quae mutilāta nōn est, in hordeō et trīticō, tria habet continentia, grānum, glūmam, aristam et etiam, prīmitus spīca cum oritur, vāgīnam. grānum dīcitur quod est intimum soldum; glūma quī est folliculus ejus; arista quae ut acus tenuis longa ēminet ē glūmā, proinde ut grānī apex sit glūma et arista. arista et grānum omnibus ferē nōtum, glūma paucīs. itaque id apud Ennium sōlum scrīptum sciō esse in Euhēmerī librīs versīs. vidētur vocābulum etymum habēre ā glūbendō, quod eō folliculō dēglūbitur grānum. itaque eōdem vocābulō appellant fīcī ejus, quam edimus, folliculum. arista dicta, quod ārēscit prīma. grānum ā gerendō: id enim ut gerat spīca, seritur frūmentum, nōn ut glūmam aut aristam gerat, ut vītis seritur, nōn ut pampinum ferat, sed ut ūvam.
** c. 500 CE, Servius, In Vergilii Georgicon libros 1.267:nōnnūllī trādunt rūsticōs solitōs, sīquando ad excūdendās frūgēs essent imbribus inpedītī, spīcās integrās condere et, prout indiguisset ūsus, hieme torrēre, quō facilius ā glūmā suā sēparātum trīticum molerent.

#### Declension

First-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | glūma | glūmae |
| Genitive | glūmae | glūmārum |
| Dative | glūmae | glūmīs |
| Accusative | glūmam | glūmās |
| Ablative | glūmā | glūmīs |
| Vocative | glūma | glūmae |

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: gluma
* → English: glume
* → French: glume
* → Italian: gluma
* → Romanian: glumă
* → Spanish: gluma

### References

* “gluma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* gluma in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 1, Hahnsche Buchhandlung
* gluma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Romanian
### Noun

gluma f
* definite nominative/accusative singular of glumă

## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

glúma f (Cyrillic spelling глу́ма)
* acting

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin glūma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡluma/ [ˈɡlu.ma]
* Rhymes: -uma
* Syllabification: glu‧ma

### Noun

gluma f (plural glumas)
* (botany) glume

### Further reading

* “gluma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014