# 𐭪𐭫𐭲
## Middle Persian
### Alternative forms

* 𐭪𐭥𐭲 (-krt /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/), 𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩 (-krty /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/), 𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩 (klty /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/) — Inscriptional Pahlavi
* [Book Pahlavi needed] (-krt' /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/) — Book Pahlavi
* -𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅 (-gyrd) — Manichaean

### Etymology

From Old Persian 𐎣𐎼𐎫 (k-r-t /⁠karta⁠/, “made, done”) (compare [Term?] (/⁠duškarta⁠/, “ill-done”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“done, made”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make, construct”); see کردن (kardan) for more. Compare Ancient Greek Ζαδρακάρτα (Zadrakárta, “Zadracarta”), an Old Iranian borrowing.
Akin to Inscriptional Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕 (-krt /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/), 𐭃𐭎𐭕𐭊𐭓𐭕 (dstkrt /⁠dastgird⁠/, “estate”), 𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓𐭊𐭓𐭕 (ḥštrkrt /⁠Šahrgird⁠/, “a Sasanian fortress”), Manichaean Sogdian 𐫡𐫟𐫘𐫏𐫗𐫤𐫀𐫏𐫐𐫏𐫡𐫔 (rxsyntʾykyrδ /⁠əraxsinder-kird⁠/, “Alexandria [in Roman Egypt]”), and the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian -կերտ (-kert, literally “made, done”), դաստ-ա-կերտ (dast-a-kert, “possession, property; building, village”, literally “handmade”), ձեռ-ա-կերտ (jeṙ-a-kert, “manufacture”), Տիգրան-ա-կերտ (Tigran-a-kert, “Tigranocerta”, literally “founded by Tigran”), Խոսրով-ա-կերտ (Xosrov-a-kert, literally “founded by Khosrov”), Ալաշկերտ (Alaškert), Մանազկերտ (Manazkert), Մանաւազակերտ (Manawazakert), Ancient Greek Μαντζικέρτ (Mantzikért), Turkish Malazgirt, Ancient Greek φρούριον Γιλιγέρδων (phroúrion Giligérdōn).
Compare kltk'.

### Suffix

𐭪𐭫𐭲 • (klt /-kirt, -gird/)
* (literally) made by
** suffix forming city names

#### Derived terms

* 𐫅𐫘𐫤𐫏𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅 (dstygyrd), [Book Pahlavi needed] (YDEkrt'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dstkrt'), 𐭣𐭮𐭲𐭪𐭫𐭲 (dstklt /⁠dast(a)gird⁠/, “estate”)
* [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlxsyndrgyrd /⁠Alaxsindargird⁠/, “Alexandria in Roman Egypt”)
* [Book Pahlavi needed] (plʾhwklt /⁠Frāxkard⁠/)
* [Book Pahlavi needed] (plškrt' /⁠fraš(a)gird⁠/)
* 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭪𐭥𐭲 (štrkrty /⁠Šahrgird⁠/, “Sasanian fortress”)
* 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩 (yzdklty /⁠Yazdgird⁠/), 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩 (yzdkrty /⁠Yazdgird⁠/, “Yazdegerd”, literally “made by god”)

#### Borrowed terms

* → Arabic: جرد (-jird) (transliteration)
* → Old Armenian: -կերտ (-kert)

#### Descendants

* Persian: ـگرد (-gerd, -gard), ـجرد (-jerd), ـکرت (-kert)
** دستجرد (dastjerd), دستگرد (dastgerd, “Dastgerd”)
** سوسنگرد (susangerd, “Susangerd”)
** دارابگرد (dârâbgard, “Darabgard”)
** بروجرد (borujerd, “Boroujerd”)
** بهرامجرد (bahrâmjerd, “Bahramjerd”)
** ولوگرد (valugerd), ولوجرد (valujerd, “Valujerd”)
** بشاگرد (bašâgard, “Bashagard”)
** ملازگرد (malâzgerd, “Malazgirt”)
** میلاجرد (milâjerd)
** طغرلجرد (toğroljerd)
** راهجرد (râhjerd)
** سامانجرد (sâmânjerd)
** بارانگرد (bârângerd)
** بختاجرد
** بزنجرد
** ولازجرد (valâzjerd)
** ولاشجرد (valâšjerd)
** بهجرد (behjerd)
** انجرد (anjerd)
** ساسانجرد (sâsânjerd)
** شاپورگرد (šâpurgerd)
** مهرجرد (mehrjerd, “a village and fort”)
** سیاوش گرد (siyâvaš gerd) attested in Shahnameh
** *آزادگرد (*-âzâdgerd), attested as اَزَادْجِرْد (azādjird) in al-Istakhri's al-masalik wa al-mamalik
** ایران گرده (irân gerda, garda?), ایران کرده (irân karda?, “Minar of Firuzabad?”, literally “made by Aryans?”) (hapax in Fars-Nama of Ibn al-Bakhi)

### References

* ↑ http://www.kavehfarrokh.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/index3.pdf
* 1 2 Schmitt, Rüdiger (1987) “Armenia and Iran IV. Iranian influences in Armenian 1. General”, in Ehsan Yarshater, editor, Encyclopædia Iranica‎, volume 2, London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pages 445–459
* ↑ Wiesehöfer, Josef (Kiel), “Zadracarta”, in: Brill’s New Pauly, Antiquity volumes edited by: Hubert Cancik and , Helmuth Schneider. Consulted online on 24 June 2017 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e12214250>
* 1 2 Places and people in Central Asia and in the Graeco-Roman Near East : a multilingual gazetteer from select Pre-Islamic sources
* ↑ Welt des Orients 19, 96-101, ISSN 0043-2547