# 擠

| 擠 | U+64E0, &#25824; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-64E0 |
| ← 擟 [U+64DF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 擡 → [U+64E1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

擠 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 手卜難 (QYX), four-corner 5002$_3$, composition ⿰扌齊)

#### Derived characters

* 𫬬

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 459, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12848
* Dae Jaweon: page 808, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1976, character 1
* Unihan data for U+64E0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 儕 | *zriːl |
| 麡 | *zriːl, *ʔsliːl, *zliːl |
| 齋 | *ʔsriːl |
| 穧 | *ʔsleds, *ʔsliːls, *zliːls |
| 擠 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls |
| 躋 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls |
| 齏 | *ʔsliːl |
| 齎 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔslil |
| 櫅 | *ʔsliːl |
| 齌 | *ʔsliːl, *sʰliːl, *zliːls |
| 隮 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls |
| 賷 | *ʔsliːl |
| 虀 | *ʔsliːl |
| 濟 | *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls |
| 癠 | *ʔsliːlʔ, *zliːl, *zliːlʔ, *zliːls |
| 霽 | *ʔsliːls |
| 齊 | *zliːl, *zliːls |
| 臍 | *zliːl |
| 蠐 | *zliːl, *zlil |
| 懠 | *zliːl, *zliːls |
| 薺 | *zliːlʔ, *zlil |
| 鱭 | *zliːlʔ |
| 嚌 | *zliːls |
| 劑 | *zliːls, *ʔslel |
| 齍 | *ʔslil |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jǐ (ji$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ji$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zai$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ché
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zin$^3$ / zi$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ci
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^3$
*** Yale: jǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ji$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zai$^1$
*** Yale: jāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐi̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ché
*** Tâi-lô: tsé
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zea
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡se⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁵⁵⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zin$^3$ / zi$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsìⁿ / tsì
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sĩ²¹³/, /t͡si²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ci
*** MiniDict: ci$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ji
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsej, tsejH
Rime :
| Character | 擠 | 擠 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 祖稽切 | 子計切 |
| Baxter | tsej | tsejH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sei/ | /t͡sei$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sei/ | /t͡sei$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɛi/ | /t͡sɛi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sɛj/ | /t͡sɛj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sei/ | /t͡sei$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡siei/ | /t͡siei$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡siei/ | /t͡siei$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jī | jì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zai$^1$ | zai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsliːl/, /*ʔsliːls/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 擠 | 擠 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 10033 | 10049 |
| Phonetic component | 齊 | 齊 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 齎 | 霽 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsliːl/ | /*ʔsliːls/ |
| Notes | 祖由相校改 | |

#### Definitions

擠
* to crowd together tightly; to squeeze
    擠得像沙丁魚／挤得像沙丁鱼 ― jǐ de xiàng shādīngyú ― packed like sardines
* to squeeze one's way in; to cram in
* to squeeze out; to wring; to use pressure to extract
* (Cantonese) to place; to put

##### Synonyms

* (to squeeze):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 擠$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 擠$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 擠$_1$ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 擳 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 擳 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 唧, 撚 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 撚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 撚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 撚 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 撚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 撚 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 揢 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 擠$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 擠$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 擠$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 擠$_2$, 捏 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 捏 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 擠$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 捏 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 揉, 擠$_1$ |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 捏 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 捏 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 捘, 擠 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 捘 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 捘 |
* (to put):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 置 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 放 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 擱, 放 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 放 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 放 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 擱, 放 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 擱, 放 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 擱, 放 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 放, 擱, 頓, 擺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 放 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 擺, 放 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 擱, 放 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 放, 擠, 躉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 放, 擠, 躉, 擺 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 放 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 擠 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 擠 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 擠 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 放 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 擠 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 擠 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 擠 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 擠 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 擠 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 安 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 擠 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 擠 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 放 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 放 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 放, 跌, 躉 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 放 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 放 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 放 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 𠱂 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 放 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 𠱂, 放 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 擺 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 擱, 擺, 放 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 放 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 放 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 放 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 放 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 放 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 放 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 放 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 囥 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 放 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 放 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 放 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 囥 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 擱, 放 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 架, 放 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 放, 廮 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 放, 廮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 𣹇, 下 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 𣹇, 下 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 𣹇, 下 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 囥 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 下 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 放 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 下 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 放 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 放 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 放 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 放 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 安 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 擺, 放 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 安, 放, 擺, 擱 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 擺, 放 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 放 |
| Wu | Changshu | 安 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 放 |
| Wu | Jiaxing | 擺 |
| Wu | Jiashan | 擺 |
| Wu | Pinghu | 擺 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 放 |
| Wu | Huzhou | 擺 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 擺 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 擺 |
| Wu | Zhuji | 擺 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 安, 擺 |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 擺, 安 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 囥 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 放, 擺 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 放 |

#### Compounds

* 你推我擠／你推我挤
* 挨擠／挨挤
* 排擠／排挤 (páijǐ)
* 推擠／推挤 (tuījǐ)
* 擁擠／拥挤 (yōngjǐ)
* 擠乳機／挤乳机
* 擠兌／挤兑 (jǐduì)
* 擠壓／挤压 (jǐyā)
* 擠對／挤对 (jǐduì)
* 擠成一團／挤成一团
* 擠手捏腳／挤手捏脚
* 擠抑／挤抑
* 擠提／挤提
* 擠撮／挤撮
* 擠滿／挤满 (jǐmǎn)
* 擠爆／挤爆
* 擠眉弄眼／挤眉弄眼
* 擠眉溜眼／挤眉溜眼
* 擠眼弄眉／挤眼弄眉
* 擠訛頭／挤讹头
* 擠陷／挤陷

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chek / chiak / jek
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
*** Tâi-lô: tsik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
*** Tâi-lô: tsiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jek
*** Tâi-lô: jik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jeg
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɪk̚³²/

#### Definitions

擠
* (Hokkien) to squeeze out
* (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to injure the bones, muscles, or joints of one's arms or legs due to violent and sudden contact with a hard object

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 擠$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 擠$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 擠$_1$ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 擳 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 擳 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 唧, 撚 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 撚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 撚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 撚 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 撚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 撚 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 揢 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 擠$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 擠$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 擠$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 擠$_2$, 捏 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 捏 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 擠$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 捏 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 揉, 擠$_1$ |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 捏 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 捏 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 捘, 擠 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 捘 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 捘 |

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khoeh / kheh
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoeh
*** Tâi-lô: khueh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoeq
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰueʔ⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kʰueʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kheh
*** Tâi-lô: kheh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qeq
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰeʔ³²/

#### Definitions

擠
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 𤲍 (xiá)

### References

* “擠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01692
* “Entry #12176”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: さい (sai)
* Kan-on: せい (sei)
* Kun: おす (osu, 擠す)

## Korean
### Hanja

擠 (eum 제 (je))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

擠: Hán Nôm readings: tê, tể, tễ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.