# 馳走
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 馳 | 走 |
| ち Jinmeiyō | そう Grade: 2 |
| kan'on ||

### Etymology

Uncertain. May be from unattested Middle Chinese 馳走 (MC drje tsuwX|tsuwH, “rushing, galloping + running”), or may have been coined in Japanese from Middle Chinese-derived roots as a compound of 馳 (chi, “hurrying, rushing”) +‎ 走 (sō, “running”). Compare Korean 치주 (chiju, “running and going”).
First attested in a text from 1096.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちそー [chìsóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡ɕi̥so̞ː]

### Noun

馳(ち)走(そう) • (chisō)
* [from 1096] (archaic) running around
    Synonyms: 奔走 (honsō), 走り回り (hashiri-mawari)
* [from 1114] (archaic) (by extension, from running around for someone else) looking after someone or something, taking care of someone or something
    Synonym: 世話 (sewa)
* [from circa 1608] (by extension, from running around making preparations) hospitality, particularly: an entertainment, a banquet, a feast, treating someone to a meal
    ご馳走様(ちそうさま)でした
       go-chisō-sama deshita
       it was delicious (a stock phrase required by Japanese etiquette, literally “it was a feast”)

### Verb

馳(ち)走(そう)する • (chisō suru) suru (stem 馳(ち)走(そう)し (chisō shi), past 馳(ち)走(そう)した (chisō shita))
* [from 1096] (archaic) to run around
    Synonyms: 奔走する (honsō suru), 走り回る (hashiri-mawaru)
* [from 1114] (archaic) (by extension, from running around for someone else) to look after someone or something, to take care of someone or something
    Synonyms: 世話をする (sewa o suru), 面倒を見る (mendō o miru)
* [from circa 1608] (by extension, from running around making preparations) to provide entertainment, to host a banquet or feast, to treat someone to a meal
    馳(ち)走(そう)されてありがとう。
       Chisō sarete arigatō.
       Thanks for treating me (to a meal).

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 馳走し | ちそうし | chisō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 馳走し | ちそうし | chisō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 馳走する | ちそうする | chisō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 馳走する | ちそうする | chisō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 馳走すれ | ちそうすれ | chisō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 馳走せよ¹ 馳走しろ² | ちそうせよ¹ ちそうしろ² | chisō seyo¹ chisō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 馳走される | ちそうされる | chisō sareru |
| Causative | 馳走させる 馳走さす | ちそうさせる ちそうさす | chisō saseru chisō sasu |
| Potential | 馳走できる | ちそうできる | chisō dekiru |
| Volitional | 馳走しよう | ちそうしよう | chisō shiyō |
| Negative | 馳走しない | ちそうしない | chisō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 馳走せず | ちそうせず | chisō sezu |
| Formal | 馳走します | ちそうします | chisō shimasu |
| Perfective | 馳走した | ちそうした | chisō shita |
| Conjunctive | 馳走して | ちそうして | chisō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 馳走すれば | ちそうすれば | chisō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN