# phucula
## Xhosa
### Verb

-phucula$^?$
* to improve

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

Derived from the ideophone phucu.

### Verb

-phucula
* to rub smooth

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuphucula |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuphucula | ukungaphuculi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | phucula | -phucule |
| Plural | phuculani | -phuculeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaphucula, ngiphucula | engiphuculayo, engiphucula | ngiphucula | angiphuculi | engingaphuculi | ngingaphuculi |
| 2nd singular | uyaphucula, uphucula | ophuculayo, ophucula | uphucula | awuphuculi | ongaphuculi | ungaphuculi |
| 1st plural | siyaphucula, siphucula | esiphuculayo, esiphucula | siphucula | asiphuculi | esingaphuculi | singaphuculi |
| 2nd plural | niyaphucula, niphucula | eniphuculayo, eniphucula | niphucula | aniphuculi | eningaphuculi | ningaphuculi |
| Class 1 | uyaphucula, uphucula | ophuculayo, ophucula | ephucula | akaphuculi | ongaphuculi | engaphuculi |
| Class 2 | bayaphucula, baphucula | abaphuculayo, abaphucula | bephucula | abaphuculi | abangaphuculi | bengaphuculi |
| Class 3 | uyaphucula, uphucula | ophuculayo, ophucula | uphucula | awuphuculi | ongaphuculi | ungaphuculi |
| Class 4 | iyaphucula, iphucula | ephuculayo, ephucula | iphucula | ayiphuculi | engaphuculi | ingaphuculi |
| Class 5 | liyaphucula, liphucula | eliphuculayo, eliphucula | liphucula | aliphuculi | elingaphuculi | lingaphuculi |
| Class 6 | ayaphucula, aphucula | aphuculayo, aphucula | ephucula | awaphuculi | angaphuculi | engaphuculi |
| Class 7 | siyaphucula, siphucula | esiphuculayo, esiphucula | siphucula | asiphuculi | esingaphuculi | singaphuculi |
| Class 8 | ziyaphucula, ziphucula | eziphuculayo, eziphucula | ziphucula | aziphuculi | ezingaphuculi | zingaphuculi |
| Class 9 | iyaphucula, iphucula | ephuculayo, ephucula | iphucula | ayiphuculi | engaphuculi | ingaphuculi |
| Class 10 | ziyaphucula, ziphucula | eziphuculayo, eziphucula | ziphucula | aziphuculi | ezingaphuculi | zingaphuculi |
| Class 11 | luyaphucula, luphucula | oluphuculayo, oluphucula | luphucula | aluphuculi | olungaphuculi | lungaphuculi |
| Class 14 | buyaphucula, buphucula | obuphuculayo, obuphucula | buphucula | abuphuculi | obungaphuculi | bungaphuculi |
| Class 15 | kuyaphucula, kuphucula | okuphuculayo, okuphucula | kuphucula | akuphuculi | okungaphuculi | kungaphuculi |
| Class 17 | kuyaphucula, kuphucula | okuphuculayo, okuphucula | kuphucula | akuphuculi | okungaphuculi | kungaphuculi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiphuculile, ngiphuculē | engiphuculile, engiphuculē | ngiphuculile, ngiphuculē | angiphuculanga | engingaphuculanga | ngingaphuculanga |
| 2nd singular | uphuculile, uphuculē | ophuculile, ophuculē | uphuculile, uphuculē | awuphuculanga | ongaphuculanga | ungaphuculanga |
| 1st plural | siphuculile, siphuculē | esiphuculile, esiphuculē | siphuculile, siphuculē | asiphuculanga | esingaphuculanga | singaphuculanga |
| 2nd plural | niphuculile, niphuculē | eniphuculile, eniphuculē | niphuculile, niphuculē | aniphuculanga | eningaphuculanga | ningaphuculanga |
| Class 1 | uphuculile, uphuculē | ophuculile, ophuculē | ephuculile, ephuculē | akaphuculanga | ongaphuculanga | engaphuculanga |
| Class 2 | baphuculile, baphuculē | abaphuculile, abaphuculē | bephuculile, bephuculē | abaphuculanga | abangaphuculanga | bengaphuculanga |
| Class 3 | uphuculile, uphuculē | ophuculile, ophuculē | uphuculile, uphuculē | awuphuculanga | ongaphuculanga | ungaphuculanga |
| Class 4 | iphuculile, iphuculē | ephuculile, ephuculē | iphuculile, iphuculē | ayiphuculanga | engaphuculanga | ingaphuculanga |
| Class 5 | liphuculile, liphuculē | eliphuculile, eliphuculē | liphuculile, liphuculē | aliphuculanga | elingaphuculanga | lingaphuculanga |
| Class 6 | aphuculile, aphuculē | aphuculile, aphuculē | ephuculile, ephuculē | awaphuculanga | angaphuculanga | engaphuculanga |
| Class 7 | siphuculile, siphuculē | esiphuculile, esiphuculē | siphuculile, siphuculē | asiphuculanga | esingaphuculanga | singaphuculanga |
| Class 8 | ziphuculile, ziphuculē | eziphuculile, eziphuculē | ziphuculile, ziphuculē | aziphuculanga | ezingaphuculanga | zingaphuculanga |
| Class 9 | iphuculile, iphuculē | ephuculile, ephuculē | iphuculile, iphuculē | ayiphuculanga | engaphuculanga | ingaphuculanga |
| Class 10 | ziphuculile, ziphuculē | eziphuculile, eziphuculē | ziphuculile, ziphuculē | aziphuculanga | ezingaphuculanga | zingaphuculanga |
| Class 11 | luphuculile, luphuculē | oluphuculile, oluphuculē | luphuculile, luphuculē | aluphuculanga | olungaphuculanga | lungaphuculanga |
| Class 14 | buphuculile, buphuculē | obuphuculile, obuphuculē | buphuculile, buphuculē | abuphuculanga | obungaphuculanga | bungaphuculanga |
| Class 15 | kuphuculile, kuphuculē | okuphuculile, okuphuculē | kuphuculile, kuphuculē | akuphuculanga | okungaphuculanga | kungaphuculanga |
| Class 17 | kuphuculile, kuphuculē | okuphuculile, okuphuculē | kuphuculile, kuphuculē | akuphuculanga | okungaphuculanga | kungaphuculanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāphucula | engāphucula | ngāphucula | angiphuculanga | engingaphuculanga | ngingaphuculanga |
| 2nd singular | wāphucula | owāphucula | wāphucula | awuphuculanga | ongaphuculanga | ungaphuculanga |
| 1st plural | sāphucula | esāphucula | sāphucula | asiphuculanga | esingaphuculanga | singaphuculanga |
| 2nd plural | nāphucula | enāphucula | nāphucula | aniphuculanga | eningaphuculanga | ningaphuculanga |
| Class 1 | wāphucula | owāphucula | āphucula | akaphuculanga | ongaphuculanga | engaphuculanga |
| Class 2 | bāphucula | abāphucula | bāphucula | abaphuculanga | abangaphuculanga | bengaphuculanga |
| Class 3 | wāphucula | owāphucula | wāphucula | awuphuculanga | ongaphuculanga | ungaphuculanga |
| Class 4 | yāphucula | eyāphucula | yāphucula | ayiphuculanga | engaphuculanga | ingaphuculanga |
| Class 5 | lāphucula | elāphucula | lāphucula | aliphuculanga | elingaphuculanga | lingaphuculanga |
| Class 6 | āphucula | āphucula | āphucula | awaphuculanga | angaphuculanga | engaphuculanga |
| Class 7 | sāphucula | esāphucula | sāphucula | asiphuculanga | esingaphuculanga | singaphuculanga |
| Class 8 | zāphucula | ezāphucula | zāphucula | aziphuculanga | ezingaphuculanga | zingaphuculanga |
| Class 9 | yāphucula | eyāphucula | yāphucula | ayiphuculanga | engaphuculanga | ingaphuculanga |
| Class 10 | zāphucula | ezāphucula | zāphucula | aziphuculanga | ezingaphuculanga | zingaphuculanga |
| Class 11 | lwāphucula | olwāphucula | lwāphucula | aluphuculanga | olungaphuculanga | lungaphuculanga |
| Class 14 | bāphucula | obāphucula | bāphucula | abuphuculanga | obungaphuculanga | bungaphuculanga |
| Class 15 | kwāphucula | okwāphucula | kwāphucula | akuphuculanga | okungaphuculanga | kungaphuculanga |
| Class 17 | kwāphucula | okwāphucula | kwāphucula | akuphuculanga | okungaphuculanga | kungaphuculanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaphucula | — | ngingaphucula | ngingephucule | — | ngingephucule |
| 2nd singular | ungaphucula | — | ungaphucula | ungephucule | — | ungephucule |
| 1st plural | singaphucula | — | singaphucula | singephucule | — | singephucule |
| 2nd plural | ningaphucula | — | ningaphucula | ningephucule | — | ningephucule |
| Class 1 | angaphucula | — | engaphucula | angephucule | — | engephucule |
| Class 2 | bangaphucula | — | bengaphucula | bangephucule | — | bengephucule |
| Class 3 | ungaphucula | — | ungaphucula | ungephucule | — | ungephucule |
| Class 4 | ingaphucula | — | ingaphucula | ingephucule | — | ingephucule |
| Class 5 | lingaphucula | — | lingaphucula | lingephucule | — | lingephucule |
| Class 6 | angaphucula | — | engaphucula | angephucule | — | engephucule |
| Class 7 | singaphucula | — | singaphucula | singephucule | — | singephucule |
| Class 8 | zingaphucula | — | zingaphucula | zingephucule | — | zingephucule |
| Class 9 | ingaphucula | — | ingaphucula | ingephucule | — | ingephucule |
| Class 10 | zingaphucula | — | zingaphucula | zingephucule | — | zingephucule |
| Class 11 | lungaphucula | — | lungaphucula | lungephucule | — | lungephucule |
| Class 14 | bungaphucula | — | bungaphucula | bungephucule | — | bungephucule |
| Class 15 | kungaphucula | — | kungaphucula | kungephucule | — | kungephucule |
| Class 17 | kungaphucula | — | kungaphucula | kungephucule | — | kungephucule |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizophucula | engizophucula | ngizophucula | angizuphucula | engingezuphucula | ngingezuphucula |
| 2nd singular | uzophucula | ozophucula | uzophucula | awuzuphucula | ongezuphucula | ungezuphucula |
| 1st plural | sizophucula | esizophucula | sizophucula | asizuphucula | esingezuphucula | singezuphucula |
| 2nd plural | nizophucula | enizophucula | nizophucula | anizuphucula | eningezuphucula | ningezuphucula |
| Class 1 | uzophucula | ozophucula | ezophucula | akazuphucula | ongezuphucula | engezuphucula |
| Class 2 | bazophucula | abazophucula | bezophucula | abazuphucula | abangezuphucula | bengezuphucula |
| Class 3 | uzophucula | ozophucula | uzophucula | awuzuphucula | ongezuphucula | ungezuphucula |
| Class 4 | izophucula | ezophucula | izophucula | ayizuphucula | engezuphucula | ingezuphucula |
| Class 5 | lizophucula | elizophucula | lizophucula | alizuphucula | elingezuphucula | lingezuphucula |
| Class 6 | azophucula | azophucula | ezophucula | awazuphucula | angezuphucula | engezuphucula |
| Class 7 | sizophucula | esizophucula | sizophucula | asizuphucula | esingezuphucula | singezuphucula |
| Class 8 | zizophucula | ezizophucula | zizophucula | azizuphucula | ezingezuphucula | zingezuphucula |
| Class 9 | izophucula | ezophucula | izophucula | ayizuphucula | engezuphucula | ingezuphucula |
| Class 10 | zizophucula | ezizophucula | zizophucula | azizuphucula | ezingezuphucula | zingezuphucula |
| Class 11 | luzophucula | oluzophucula | luzophucula | aluzuphucula | olungezuphucula | lungezuphucula |
| Class 14 | buzophucula | obuzophucula | buzophucula | abuzuphucula | obungezuphucula | bungezuphucula |
| Class 15 | kuzophucula | okuzophucula | kuzophucula | akuzuphucula | okungezuphucula | kungezuphucula |
| Class 17 | kuzophucula | okuzophucula | kuzophucula | akuzuphucula | okungezuphucula | kungezuphucula |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyophucula | engiyophucula | ngiyophucula | angiyuphucula | engingeyuphucula | ngingeyuphucula |
| 2nd singular | uyophucula | oyophucula | uyophucula | awuyuphucula | ongeyuphucula | ungeyuphucula |
| 1st plural | siyophucula | esiyophucula | siyophucula | asiyuphucula | esingeyuphucula | singeyuphucula |
| 2nd plural | niyophucula | eniyophucula | niyophucula | aniyuphucula | eningeyuphucula | ningeyuphucula |
| Class 1 | uyophucula | oyophucula | eyophucula | akayuphucula | ongeyuphucula | engeyuphucula |
| Class 2 | bayophucula | abayophucula | beyophucula | abayuphucula | abangeyuphucula | bengeyuphucula |
| Class 3 | uyophucula | oyophucula | uyophucula | awuyuphucula | ongeyuphucula | ungeyuphucula |
| Class 4 | iyophucula | eyophucula | iyophucula | ayiyuphucula | engeyuphucula | ingeyuphucula |
| Class 5 | liyophucula | eliyophucula | liyophucula | aliyuphucula | elingeyuphucula | lingeyuphucula |
| Class 6 | ayophucula | ayophucula | eyophucula | awayuphucula | angeyuphucula | engeyuphucula |
| Class 7 | siyophucula | esiyophucula | siyophucula | asiyuphucula | esingeyuphucula | singeyuphucula |
| Class 8 | ziyophucula | eziyophucula | ziyophucula | aziyuphucula | ezingeyuphucula | zingeyuphucula |
| Class 9 | iyophucula | eyophucula | iyophucula | ayiyuphucula | engeyuphucula | ingeyuphucula |
| Class 10 | ziyophucula | eziyophucula | ziyophucula | aziyuphucula | ezingeyuphucula | zingeyuphucula |
| Class 11 | luyophucula | oluyophucula | luyophucula | aluyuphucula | olungeyuphucula | lungeyuphucula |
| Class 14 | buyophucula | obuyophucula | buyophucula | abuyuphucula | obungeyuphucula | bungeyuphucula |
| Class 15 | kuyophucula | okuyophucula | kuyophucula | akuyuphucula | okungeyuphucula | kungeyuphucula |
| Class 17 | kuyophucula | okuyophucula | kuyophucula | akuyuphucula | okungeyuphucula | kungeyuphucula |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiphucule | ngingaphuculi |
| 2nd singular | uphucule | ungaphuculi |
| 1st plural | siphucule | singaphuculi |
| 2nd plural | niphucule | ningaphuculi |
| Class 1 | aphucule | angaphuculi |
| Class 2 | baphucule | bangaphuculi |
| Class 3 | uphucule | ungaphuculi |
| Class 4 | iphucule | ingaphuculi |
| Class 5 | liphucule | lingaphuculi |
| Class 6 | aphucule | angaphuculi |
| Class 7 | siphucule | singaphuculi |
| Class 8 | ziphucule | zingaphuculi |
| Class 9 | iphucule | ingaphuculi |
| Class 10 | ziphucule | zingaphuculi |
| Class 11 | luphucule | lungaphuculi |
| Class 14 | buphucule | bungaphuculi |
| Class 15 | kuphucule | kungaphuculi |
| Class 17 | kuphucule | kungaphuculi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaphucula | ngangaphucula, angaphucula, angangaphucula |
| 2nd singular | waphucula | wangaphucula, awaphucula, awangaphucula |
| 1st plural | saphucula | sangaphucula, asaphucula, asangaphucula |
| 2nd plural | naphucula | nangaphucula, anaphucula, anangaphucula |
| Class 1 | waphucula | wangaphucula, akaphucula, akangaphucula |
| Class 2 | baphucula | bangaphucula, abaphucula, abangaphucula |
| Class 3 | waphucula | wangaphucula, awaphucula, awangaphucula |
| Class 4 | yaphucula | yangaphucula, ayaphucula, ayangaphucula |
| Class 5 | laphucula | langaphucula, alaphucula, alangaphucula |
| Class 6 | aphucula | angaphucula, awaphucula, awangaphucula |
| Class 7 | saphucula | sangaphucula, asaphucula, asangaphucula |
| Class 8 | zaphucula | zangaphucula, azaphucula, azangaphucula |
| Class 9 | yaphucula | yangaphucula, ayaphucula, ayangaphucula |
| Class 10 | zaphucula | zangaphucula, azaphucula, azangaphucula |
| Class 11 | lwaphucula | lwangaphucula, alwaphucula, alwangaphucula |
| Class 14 | baphucula | bangaphucula, abaphucula, abangaphucula |
| Class 15 | kwaphucula | kwangaphucula, akwaphucula, akwangaphucula |
| Class 17 | kwaphucula | kwangaphucula, akwaphucula, akwangaphucula |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “phucula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “phucula (3.2.9)”