# 藉口
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jièkǒu
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄎㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zik$^6$ hau$^2$ / ze$^3$ hau$^2$ / ze$^6$ hau$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chia-khiéu
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chià-khió / chioh-kháu / chià-kháu / chiah-kháu / chiah-khó͘ / chià-khó͘
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ca-kheu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jièkǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄎㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jièkǒu
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^4$-kʻou$^3$
*** Yale: jyè-kǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiehkoou
*** Palladius: цзекоу (czekou)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$戒口 界口 藉口／借口
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zik$^6$ hau$^2$ / ze$^3$ hau$^2$ / ze$^6$ hau$^2$
*** Yale: jihk háu / je háu / jeh háu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzik$^9$ hau$^2$ / dze$^3$ hau$^2$ / dze$^6$ hau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jig$^6$ heo$^2$ / zé$^3$ heo$^2$ / zé$^6$ heo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪk̚² hɐu̯³⁵/, /t͡sɛː³³ hɐu̯³⁵/, /t͡sɛː²² hɐu̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chia-khiéu
*** Hakka Romanization System: jia kieu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: jia$^4$ kieu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯a⁵⁵ kʰi̯eu̯³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chià-khió
*** Tâi-lô: tsià-khió
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciarqioir
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sia⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰio⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chioh-kháu
*** Tâi-lô: tsioh-kháu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioihqao
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sio(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰau⁵³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chià-kháu
*** Tâi-lô: tsià-kháu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciarqao
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sia²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sia¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰau⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sia²¹⁻⁵³ kʰau⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiah-kháu
*** Tâi-lô: tsiah-kháu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciahqao
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰau⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiah-khó͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsiah-khóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciahqor
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chià-khó͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsià-khóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciarqor
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sia¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sia²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ca-kheu
*** MiniDict: ca$^去$ kheu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ja-kheu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕa³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

### Noun

藉口
* excuse; pretext
       Nǐ zuìhǎo wèi chídào zhǎo ge hǎo jièkǒu. [Pinyin]
       You'd better have a good excuse for being late.

#### Synonyms

* 事由 (shìyóu)
* 口實／口实 (kǒushí)
* 幌子 (huǎngzi) (figurative)
* 推頭／推头 ($^1$the-deu) (Wu)
* 擋箭牌／挡箭牌 (dǎngjiànpái) (figurative)
* 由子 (yóuzi)
* 由頭／由头
* 盾牌 (dùnpái) (figurative)
* 託詞／托词 (tuōcí)
* 頭由／头由 (tóuyóu) (dialectal)
* 題目／题目 (tímù) (Classical Chinese)

### Verb

藉口
* to use as an excuse
       Tā jièkǒu yǒu shì bù lái shàngbān. [Pinyin]
       He used the fact that he had things to do as an excuse not to go to work.

#### Synonyms

* 藉故／借故 (jiègù)
* 藉端／借端 (jièduān)
* 託故／托故 (tuōgù)
* 託詞／托词 (tuōcí)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 藉口(しゃこう) (shakō)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 藉 | 口 |
| しゃ Hyōgai | こう Grade: 1 |
| kan'on ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゃこー [shàkóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕa̠ko̞ː]

### Noun

藉(しゃ)口(こう) • (shakō)
* excuse, pretense, pretext
    Synonyms: 口実 (kōjitsu), 仮託 (kataku), 託け (kakotsuke); see also Thesaurus:口実

### Verb

藉(しゃ)口(こう)する • (shakō suru) suru (stem 藉(しゃ)口(こう)し (shakō shi), past 藉(しゃ)口(こう)した (shakō shita))
* to use as an excuse or pretext

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 藉口し | しゃこうし | shakō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 藉口し | しゃこうし | shakō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 藉口する | しゃこうする | shakō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 藉口する | しゃこうする | shakō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 藉口すれ | しゃこうすれ | shakō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 藉口せよ¹ 藉口しろ² | しゃこうせよ¹ しゃこうしろ² | shakō seyo¹ shakō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 藉口される | しゃこうされる | shakō sareru |
| Causative | 藉口させる 藉口さす | しゃこうさせる しゃこうさす | shakō saseru shakō sasu |
| Potential | 藉口できる | しゃこうできる | shakō dekiru |
| Volitional | 藉口しよう | しゃこうしよう | shakō shiyō |
| Negative | 藉口しない | しゃこうしない | shakō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 藉口せず | しゃこうせず | shakō sezu |
| Formal | 藉口します | しゃこうします | shakō shimasu |
| Perfective | 藉口した | しゃこうした | shakō shita |
| Conjunctive | 藉口して | しゃこうして | shakō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 藉口すれば | しゃこうすれば | shakō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN