# أشق
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

أشق (form I)
* أَشُقْ (ʔašuq) /ʔa.ʃuq/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of شَاقَ (šāqa)
* أُشَقْ (ʔušaq) /ʔu.ʃaq/: first-person singular non-past passive jussive of شَاقَ (šāqa)

### Etymology 2

* Root
* ش ق ق (š q q)
* 15 terms

#### Adjective

أَشَقّ • (ʔašaqq)
* elative degree of شَاقّ (šāqq); toughest, most wearisome

##### Declension
#### Adjective

أَشَقّ • (ʔašaqq) (feminine شَقَّاء (šaqqāʔ), masculine plural شُقّ (šuqq))
* of inclinated gait in such a manner that a gap is left between the legs, long-footed

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wšʾk /⁠wašak⁠/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (wšk /⁠wašak⁠/), attested at least thrice in Book Pahlavi and once in Classical Syriac ܘܣܩܐ (wasqā), once in Classical Mandaic ࡀࡅࡎࡒࡀ (wasqā), denoting in each case a kind of ceremonial drink employed by Zoroastrians in place of wine, which matches gum ammoniac as this was employed in antiquity for its emollient, swelling-atoning and limb-pain-relieving effect, and apparently the drink was called after ammoniacum it was composed of, as the later Classical Persian وشه (wuša) and اشه (oša) and the Arabic are known to mean gum ammoniac, and one finds a Byzantine Greek οὐσάκ (ousák) glossed as ammoniacum. The measure of the Arabic word is also KaLaM, not only KuLLaM.

#### Alternative forms

* وُشَّق (wuššaq), أُشَّج (ʔuššaj), وُشَّج (wuššaj)

#### Noun

أُشَّق • (ʔuššaq) m
* Ferula marmarica (in Africa)
* Ferula ammoniacum syn. Dorema ammoniacum (in Eastern Iran, Afghanistan, Turkistan)
* Ferula aucheri syn. Dorema aucheri (in Western Persia)
* gum ammoniac, ammoniacum, obtained from the said plants

##### Descendants

* → Middle Armenian: աւշակ (awšak), օշակ (ōšak), օշախ (ōšax), աւշախ (awšax), օշաղ (ōšaġ), օշ (ōš), աւշ (awš), վաշակ (vašak), վաշախ (vašax), վաշաղ (vašaġ) (some of the forms probably from Iranian)
* → Medieval Latin: alaſach (Spain, emended from aſaſach)
* → Old Spanish: alguaxaque, aluaxaque, aluahasaque, aluasaque, alguaxac, arguaxaque
* → Classical Syriac: ܐܘܫܩ (ʾawšāq)

### Further reading

* Freytag, Georg (1830) “أشق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 38
* Freytag, Georg (1833) “أشق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 437
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “أشق”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 46

### References

* 1 2 3 Henning, Walter Bruno (1955) “The Middle-Persian Word for ‘Beer’”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, volume 17, number 3, →DOI, pages 603–604
* ↑ See for example “σίλφιον – Ferula tingitana”, in Dioscórides Interactivo‎ (in Spanish), 2024 which probably related to Ferula tingitana however Dorema ammoniacum was used the same by the Hellenes and the Arabic translators of Greek identified the former with the latter – so also Steiger, Arnald (1960) “Voces de origen oriental contenidas en el Tesoro lexicográfico de Samuel Gili Gaya”, in Revista de Filología Española‎ (in Spanish), volume 43, numbers 1.$^o$–2.$^o$, →DOI, page 56.
* 1 2 Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 457
* ↑ Steiger, Arnald (1960) “Voces de origen oriental contenidas en el Tesoro lexicográfico de Samuel Gili Gaya”, in Revista de Filología Española‎ (in Spanish), volume 43, numbers 1.$^o$–2.$^o$, →DOI, page 56
* ↑ “ˀwšq”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–