# قرنفل
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* قَرَنْفُول (qaranfūl)

### Etymology

Imported from India. Compare Tamil கராம்பு (karāmpu), கிராம்பு (kirāmpu), കരയാമ്പ് (karayāmpŭ), ഗ്രാമ്പൂ (grāmpū), Sinhalese කරාබු (karābu), Tagalog klabong, klabos, kalabumpako, all meaning cloves. From the same source Ancient Greek καρυόφυλλον (karuóphullon), Amharic ቅርንፉድ (ḳərnəfud).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qa.ran.ful/, /qu.ran.ful/
* Rhymes: -ul

### Noun

قَرَنْفُل or قُرَنْفُل • (qaranful or quranful) m
* clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
** 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, “Poem #201”, in The Works of 'Abū al-Ṭayyib al-Mutanabbī, volume 3, Dār Al-Ma‘rifah, published 1978, pages 201–202:وَمَنْزِلٍ لَيْسَ لَنَا بِمَنْزِلِ / وَلَا لِغَيْرِ الْغَادِيَاتِ الْهُطَّلِ نَدِيِّ الْخُزَامَى ذَفِرِ الْقَرَنْفُلِ / مُحَلَّلٍ مِلْوَحْشِ لَمْ يُحَلَّلِwamanzilin laysa lanā bimanzili / walā liḡayri l-ḡādiyāti l-huṭṭali nadiyyi l-ḵuzāmā ḏafiri al-qaranfuli / muḥallalin milwaḥši lam yuḥallaliA place, which has never been a stop for us Nor anyone but the show'ring daybreak-clouds, With dewy lavenders, and fragrant cloves, Settled by the wildlife, and no one else.
* pink, carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: qronfol
* → Aramaic:
** Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קרונפול
** Classical Syriac: ܩܪܢܦܘܠܐ
* → Dhivehi: ކަރަންފޫ (karan̊fū)
* → Israeli Hebrew: קרנפול
* → Persian: قرنفل (qaranfol) (see there for further descendants)
* → Swahili: karafuu
* → Yoruba: kànáfùrù, kànnáfùrù
* → Hausa: kanumfari
** Nupe: kannáfùrù

### References

* Gernot Katzer’s Spice Pages: Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum)
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 144
* Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 275–279
* Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎ (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 355
* “КАРАМФЍЛ”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “karànfil” in Hrvatski jezični portal

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡu.run.ful/, [ɡʊ.rʊɱ.fʊl]

### Noun

قُرُنْفُل • (gurunful) m (collective)
* carnation (flower)
* clove (spice)

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qrun.ful/

### Noun

قرنفل • (qrunful) m (collective)
* carnation (flower)
* clove (spice)
    Synonym: عود النوار (ʕūd en-nuwwār)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).

### Noun

قرنفل • (karanfil)
* carnation (flower)
* clove (spice)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: karanfil
* → Albanian: karafil
* → Bulgarian: каранфи́л (karanfíl), карамфи́л (karamfíl), карафи́ль (karafílʹ), ка́рафил (kárafil)
* → Macedonian: каранфил (karanfil), каранфилче (karanfilče)
* → Middle Armenian: ղարանֆիլ (ġaranfil), ղարանֆուլ (ġaranful)
** Armenian: ղարանֆիլ (ġaranfil), ղարաֆիլ (ġarafil), խառանֆիլ (xaṙanfil), խարաֆիլ (xarafil), կանաֆիլ (kanafil)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: кара̀нфил, каранфѝлић
    Latin script: karànfil, karanfìlić

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [qa.ɾan.ˈful]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qä.ɾäɱ.fʊ́l]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qä.ɾäɱ.fʊ́l]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [qä.ɾäɱ.fʊ́l]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [qä.ɾäɱ.fúl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [qæ.ɹæɱ.fól̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [qä.ɾäɱ.fúl]

### Noun

قرنفل • (qaranfol)
* carnation (flower)
* clove (spice)

#### Descendants

* → Adyghe: къэрмэфибл (qɛrmɛfibl)
* → Azerbaijani: qərənfil
* → Bashkir: ҡәләмфер (qələmfer), ҡәнәфер (qənəfer)
* → Kazakh: қалампыр (qalampyr)
* → Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: qerefîl, qerenfîl
    Central Kurdish: قەنەفِڵ (qenefill)
* → Kyrgyz: калемпир (kalempir)
* → Ottoman Turkish: قرنفل (karanfil) (see there for further descendants)
    > Turkish: karanfil (inherited)
* → Uyghur: قەرەنفىل (qerenfil), قەلەمپۇر (qelempur)
* → Uzbek: qalampir