# 垛

| 垛 | U+579B, &#22427; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-579B |
| ← 垚 [U+579A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 垜 → [U+579C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

垛 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土竹弓木 (GHND), four-corner 4719$_4$, composition ⿰土朵)
* heap, pile
* pile up, heap up

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 228, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5048
* Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 440, character 8
* Unihan data for U+579B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 垛
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 桗 | *toːl, *toːls |
| 挆 | *toːlʔ, *toːls |
| 朵 | *toːlʔ |
| 朶 | *toːlʔ |
| 躲 | *toːlʔ |
| 剁 | *toːls |
| 垛 | *doːlʔ |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): duò (duo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): do$^2$ / do$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tó / tó͘ / té
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: duò
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: duò
*** Wade–Giles: to$^4$
*** Yale: dwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duoh
*** Palladius: до (do)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: do$^2$ / do$^6$
*** Yale: dó / doh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: do$^2$ / do$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: do$^2$ / do$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔː³⁵/, /tɔː²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tó
*** Tâi-lô: tó
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doir
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /to⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /to⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tó͘
*** Tâi-lô: tóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dor
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: té
*** Tâi-lô: té
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dea
*** IPA (Taipei): /te⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /te⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: dwaX
Rime :
| Character | 垛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒果切 |
| Baxter | dwaX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duɑ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duɑ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duɑ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dwa$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /duɑ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /duɑ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱuɑ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | duò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | do$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*doːlʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 垛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2703 |
| Phonetic component | 朵 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 墮 |
| Old Chinese | /*doːlʔ/ |

#### Definitions

垛
* to pile; to stack
* pile; stack
* Classifier for piles or stacks.

#### Compounds

* 一垛
* 一箭上垛
* 垛句
* 垛字
* 垛積／垛积
* 堆垛
* 打垛
* 標垛／标垛
* 箭垛
* 錢垛／钱垛
* 門垛子／门垛子
* 駝垛／驼垛
* 點垛／点垛

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): duǒ (duo$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄛˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: duǒ
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: duǒ
*** Wade–Giles: to$^3$
*** Yale: dwǒ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duoo
*** Palladius: до (do)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯ɔ²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

垛
* buttress; battlements
* target (of arrows)
* to mount with clay

#### Compounds

* 城垛口 (chéngduǒkǒu)
* 垛子
* 牆垛子／墙垛子

### References

* “垛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): だ (da)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

垛: Hán Nôm readings: đóa/đoá
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation