# phakama
## Phuthi
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-pákama, positional form of Proto-Bantu *-páka.

### Verb

-phákáma
* to stand up

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Xhosa
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-pákama, positional form of Proto-Bantu *-páka.

### Verb

-phákáma
* (intransitive) to stand up

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-pákama, positional form of Proto-Bantu *-páka.

### Verb

-phakáma
* to rise, to become elevated
* to become important, famous

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuphakama |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuphakama | ukungaphakami |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | phakama | -phakame |
| Plural | phakamani | -phakameni |
| | Stative | Stative | Stative | Stative | Stative | Stative |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiphakeme | engiphakeme | ngiphakeme | angiphakeme | engingaphakeme | ngingaphakeme |
| 2nd singular | uphakeme | ophakeme | uphakeme | awuphakeme | ongaphakeme | ungaphakeme |
| 1st plural | siphakeme | esiphakeme | siphakeme | asiphakeme | esingaphakeme | singaphakeme |
| 2nd plural | niphakeme | eniphakeme | niphakeme | aniphakeme | eningaphakeme | ningaphakeme |
| Class 1 | uphakeme | ophakeme | ephakeme | akaphakeme | ongaphakeme | engaphakeme |
| Class 2 | baphakeme | abaphakeme | bephakeme | abaphakeme | abangaphakeme | bengaphakeme |
| Class 3 | uphakeme | ophakeme | uphakeme | awuphakeme | ongaphakeme | ongaphakeme |
| Class 4 | iphakeme | ephakeme | iphakeme | ayiphakeme | engaphakeme | ingaphakeme |
| Class 5 | liphakeme | eliphakeme | liphakeme | aliphakeme | elingaphakeme | lingaphakeme |
| Class 6 | aphakeme | aphakeme | ephakeme | awaphakeme | angaphakeme | engaphakeme |
| Class 7 | siphakeme | esiphakeme | siphakeme | asiphakeme | esingaphakeme | singaphakeme |
| Class 8 | ziphakeme | eziphakeme | ziphakeme | aziphakeme | ezingaphakeme | zingaphakeme |
| Class 9 | iphakeme | ephakeme | iphakeme | ayiphakeme | engaphakeme | ingaphakeme |
| Class 10 | ziphakeme | eziphakeme | ziphakeme | aziphakeme | ezingaphakeme | zingaphakeme |
| Class 11 | luphakeme | oluphakeme | luphakeme | aluphakeme | olungaphakeme | lungaphakeme |
| Class 14 | buphakeme | obuphakeme | buphakeme | abuphakeme | obungaphakeme | bungaphakeme |
| Class 15 | kuphakeme | okuphakeme | kuphakeme | akuphakeme | okungaphakeme | kungaphakeme |
| Class 17 | kuphakeme | okuphakeme | kuphakeme | akuphakeme | okungaphakeme | kungaphakeme |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaphakama, ngiphakama | engiphakamayo, engiphakama | ngiphakama | angiphakami | engingaphakami | ngingaphakami |
| 2nd singular | uyaphakama, uphakama | ophakamayo, ophakama | uphakama | awuphakami | ongaphakami | ungaphakami |
| 1st plural | siyaphakama, siphakama | esiphakamayo, esiphakama | siphakama | asiphakami | esingaphakami | singaphakami |
| 2nd plural | niyaphakama, niphakama | eniphakamayo, eniphakama | niphakama | aniphakami | eningaphakami | ningaphakami |
| Class 1 | uyaphakama, uphakama | ophakamayo, ophakama | ephakama | akaphakami | ongaphakami | engaphakami |
| Class 2 | bayaphakama, baphakama | abaphakamayo, abaphakama | bephakama | abaphakami | abangaphakami | bengaphakami |
| Class 3 | uyaphakama, uphakama | ophakamayo, ophakama | uphakama | awuphakami | ongaphakami | ungaphakami |
| Class 4 | iyaphakama, iphakama | ephakamayo, ephakama | iphakama | ayiphakami | engaphakami | ingaphakami |
| Class 5 | liyaphakama, liphakama | eliphakamayo, eliphakama | liphakama | aliphakami | elingaphakami | lingaphakami |
| Class 6 | ayaphakama, aphakama | aphakamayo, aphakama | ephakama | awaphakami | angaphakami | engaphakami |
| Class 7 | siyaphakama, siphakama | esiphakamayo, esiphakama | siphakama | asiphakami | esingaphakami | singaphakami |
| Class 8 | ziyaphakama, ziphakama | eziphakamayo, eziphakama | ziphakama | aziphakami | ezingaphakami | zingaphakami |
| Class 9 | iyaphakama, iphakama | ephakamayo, ephakama | iphakama | ayiphakami | engaphakami | ingaphakami |
| Class 10 | ziyaphakama, ziphakama | eziphakamayo, eziphakama | ziphakama | aziphakami | ezingaphakami | zingaphakami |
| Class 11 | luyaphakama, luphakama | oluphakamayo, oluphakama | luphakama | aluphakami | olungaphakami | lungaphakami |
| Class 14 | buyaphakama, buphakama | obuphakamayo, obuphakama | buphakama | abuphakami | obungaphakami | bungaphakami |
| Class 15 | kuyaphakama, kuphakama | okuphakamayo, okuphakama | kuphakama | akuphakami | okungaphakami | kungaphakami |
| Class 17 | kuyaphakama, kuphakama | okuphakamayo, okuphakama | kuphakama | akuphakami | okungaphakami | kungaphakami |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiphakamile, ngiphakamē | engiphakamile, engiphakamē | ngiphakamile, ngiphakamē | angiphakamanga | engingaphakamanga | ngingaphakamanga |
| 2nd singular | uphakamile, uphakamē | ophakamile, ophakamē | uphakamile, uphakamē | awuphakamanga | ongaphakamanga | ungaphakamanga |
| 1st plural | siphakamile, siphakamē | esiphakamile, esiphakamē | siphakamile, siphakamē | asiphakamanga | esingaphakamanga | singaphakamanga |
| 2nd plural | niphakamile, niphakamē | eniphakamile, eniphakamē | niphakamile, niphakamē | aniphakamanga | eningaphakamanga | ningaphakamanga |
| Class 1 | uphakamile, uphakamē | ophakamile, ophakamē | ephakamile, ephakamē | akaphakamanga | ongaphakamanga | engaphakamanga |
| Class 2 | baphakamile, baphakamē | abaphakamile, abaphakamē | bephakamile, bephakamē | abaphakamanga | abangaphakamanga | bengaphakamanga |
| Class 3 | uphakamile, uphakamē | ophakamile, ophakamē | uphakamile, uphakamē | awuphakamanga | ongaphakamanga | ungaphakamanga |
| Class 4 | iphakamile, iphakamē | ephakamile, ephakamē | iphakamile, iphakamē | ayiphakamanga | engaphakamanga | ingaphakamanga |
| Class 5 | liphakamile, liphakamē | eliphakamile, eliphakamē | liphakamile, liphakamē | aliphakamanga | elingaphakamanga | lingaphakamanga |
| Class 6 | aphakamile, aphakamē | aphakamile, aphakamē | ephakamile, ephakamē | awaphakamanga | angaphakamanga | engaphakamanga |
| Class 7 | siphakamile, siphakamē | esiphakamile, esiphakamē | siphakamile, siphakamē | asiphakamanga | esingaphakamanga | singaphakamanga |
| Class 8 | ziphakamile, ziphakamē | eziphakamile, eziphakamē | ziphakamile, ziphakamē | aziphakamanga | ezingaphakamanga | zingaphakamanga |
| Class 9 | iphakamile, iphakamē | ephakamile, ephakamē | iphakamile, iphakamē | ayiphakamanga | engaphakamanga | ingaphakamanga |
| Class 10 | ziphakamile, ziphakamē | eziphakamile, eziphakamē | ziphakamile, ziphakamē | aziphakamanga | ezingaphakamanga | zingaphakamanga |
| Class 11 | luphakamile, luphakamē | oluphakamile, oluphakamē | luphakamile, luphakamē | aluphakamanga | olungaphakamanga | lungaphakamanga |
| Class 14 | buphakamile, buphakamē | obuphakamile, obuphakamē | buphakamile, buphakamē | abuphakamanga | obungaphakamanga | bungaphakamanga |
| Class 15 | kuphakamile, kuphakamē | okuphakamile, okuphakamē | kuphakamile, kuphakamē | akuphakamanga | okungaphakamanga | kungaphakamanga |
| Class 17 | kuphakamile, kuphakamē | okuphakamile, okuphakamē | kuphakamile, kuphakamē | akuphakamanga | okungaphakamanga | kungaphakamanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāphakama | engāphakama | ngāphakama | angiphakamanga | engingaphakamanga | ngingaphakamanga |
| 2nd singular | wāphakama | owāphakama | wāphakama | awuphakamanga | ongaphakamanga | ungaphakamanga |
| 1st plural | sāphakama | esāphakama | sāphakama | asiphakamanga | esingaphakamanga | singaphakamanga |
| 2nd plural | nāphakama | enāphakama | nāphakama | aniphakamanga | eningaphakamanga | ningaphakamanga |
| Class 1 | wāphakama | owāphakama | āphakama | akaphakamanga | ongaphakamanga | engaphakamanga |
| Class 2 | bāphakama | abāphakama | bāphakama | abaphakamanga | abangaphakamanga | bengaphakamanga |
| Class 3 | wāphakama | owāphakama | wāphakama | awuphakamanga | ongaphakamanga | ungaphakamanga |
| Class 4 | yāphakama | eyāphakama | yāphakama | ayiphakamanga | engaphakamanga | ingaphakamanga |
| Class 5 | lāphakama | elāphakama | lāphakama | aliphakamanga | elingaphakamanga | lingaphakamanga |
| Class 6 | āphakama | āphakama | āphakama | awaphakamanga | angaphakamanga | engaphakamanga |
| Class 7 | sāphakama | esāphakama | sāphakama | asiphakamanga | esingaphakamanga | singaphakamanga |
| Class 8 | zāphakama | ezāphakama | zāphakama | aziphakamanga | ezingaphakamanga | zingaphakamanga |
| Class 9 | yāphakama | eyāphakama | yāphakama | ayiphakamanga | engaphakamanga | ingaphakamanga |
| Class 10 | zāphakama | ezāphakama | zāphakama | aziphakamanga | ezingaphakamanga | zingaphakamanga |
| Class 11 | lwāphakama | olwāphakama | lwāphakama | aluphakamanga | olungaphakamanga | lungaphakamanga |
| Class 14 | bāphakama | obāphakama | bāphakama | abuphakamanga | obungaphakamanga | bungaphakamanga |
| Class 15 | kwāphakama | okwāphakama | kwāphakama | akuphakamanga | okungaphakamanga | kungaphakamanga |
| Class 17 | kwāphakama | okwāphakama | kwāphakama | akuphakamanga | okungaphakamanga | kungaphakamanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaphakama | — | ngingaphakama | ngingephakame | — | ngingephakame |
| 2nd singular | ungaphakama | — | ungaphakama | ungephakame | — | ungephakame |
| 1st plural | singaphakama | — | singaphakama | singephakame | — | singephakame |
| 2nd plural | ningaphakama | — | ningaphakama | ningephakame | — | ningephakame |
| Class 1 | angaphakama | — | engaphakama | angephakame | — | engephakame |
| Class 2 | bangaphakama | — | bengaphakama | bangephakame | — | bengephakame |
| Class 3 | ungaphakama | — | ungaphakama | ungephakame | — | ungephakame |
| Class 4 | ingaphakama | — | ingaphakama | ingephakame | — | ingephakame |
| Class 5 | lingaphakama | — | lingaphakama | lingephakame | — | lingephakame |
| Class 6 | angaphakama | — | engaphakama | angephakame | — | engephakame |
| Class 7 | singaphakama | — | singaphakama | singephakame | — | singephakame |
| Class 8 | zingaphakama | — | zingaphakama | zingephakame | — | zingephakame |
| Class 9 | ingaphakama | — | ingaphakama | ingephakame | — | ingephakame |
| Class 10 | zingaphakama | — | zingaphakama | zingephakame | — | zingephakame |
| Class 11 | lungaphakama | — | lungaphakama | lungephakame | — | lungephakame |
| Class 14 | bungaphakama | — | bungaphakama | bungephakame | — | bungephakame |
| Class 15 | kungaphakama | — | kungaphakama | kungephakame | — | kungephakame |
| Class 17 | kungaphakama | — | kungaphakama | kungephakame | — | kungephakame |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizophakama | engizophakama | ngizophakama | angizuphakama | engingezuphakama | ngingezuphakama |
| 2nd singular | uzophakama | ozophakama | uzophakama | awuzuphakama | ongezuphakama | ungezuphakama |
| 1st plural | sizophakama | esizophakama | sizophakama | asizuphakama | esingezuphakama | singezuphakama |
| 2nd plural | nizophakama | enizophakama | nizophakama | anizuphakama | eningezuphakama | ningezuphakama |
| Class 1 | uzophakama | ozophakama | ezophakama | akazuphakama | ongezuphakama | engezuphakama |
| Class 2 | bazophakama | abazophakama | bezophakama | abazuphakama | abangezuphakama | bengezuphakama |
| Class 3 | uzophakama | ozophakama | uzophakama | awuzuphakama | ongezuphakama | ungezuphakama |
| Class 4 | izophakama | ezophakama | izophakama | ayizuphakama | engezuphakama | ingezuphakama |
| Class 5 | lizophakama | elizophakama | lizophakama | alizuphakama | elingezuphakama | lingezuphakama |
| Class 6 | azophakama | azophakama | ezophakama | awazuphakama | angezuphakama | engezuphakama |
| Class 7 | sizophakama | esizophakama | sizophakama | asizuphakama | esingezuphakama | singezuphakama |
| Class 8 | zizophakama | ezizophakama | zizophakama | azizuphakama | ezingezuphakama | zingezuphakama |
| Class 9 | izophakama | ezophakama | izophakama | ayizuphakama | engezuphakama | ingezuphakama |
| Class 10 | zizophakama | ezizophakama | zizophakama | azizuphakama | ezingezuphakama | zingezuphakama |
| Class 11 | luzophakama | oluzophakama | luzophakama | aluzuphakama | olungezuphakama | lungezuphakama |
| Class 14 | buzophakama | obuzophakama | buzophakama | abuzuphakama | obungezuphakama | bungezuphakama |
| Class 15 | kuzophakama | okuzophakama | kuzophakama | akuzuphakama | okungezuphakama | kungezuphakama |
| Class 17 | kuzophakama | okuzophakama | kuzophakama | akuzuphakama | okungezuphakama | kungezuphakama |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyophakama | engiyophakama | ngiyophakama | angiyuphakama | engingeyuphakama | ngingeyuphakama |
| 2nd singular | uyophakama | oyophakama | uyophakama | awuyuphakama | ongeyuphakama | ungeyuphakama |
| 1st plural | siyophakama | esiyophakama | siyophakama | asiyuphakama | esingeyuphakama | singeyuphakama |
| 2nd plural | niyophakama | eniyophakama | niyophakama | aniyuphakama | eningeyuphakama | ningeyuphakama |
| Class 1 | uyophakama | oyophakama | eyophakama | akayuphakama | ongeyuphakama | engeyuphakama |
| Class 2 | bayophakama | abayophakama | beyophakama | abayuphakama | abangeyuphakama | bengeyuphakama |
| Class 3 | uyophakama | oyophakama | uyophakama | awuyuphakama | ongeyuphakama | ungeyuphakama |
| Class 4 | iyophakama | eyophakama | iyophakama | ayiyuphakama | engeyuphakama | ingeyuphakama |
| Class 5 | liyophakama | eliyophakama | liyophakama | aliyuphakama | elingeyuphakama | lingeyuphakama |
| Class 6 | ayophakama | ayophakama | eyophakama | awayuphakama | angeyuphakama | engeyuphakama |
| Class 7 | siyophakama | esiyophakama | siyophakama | asiyuphakama | esingeyuphakama | singeyuphakama |
| Class 8 | ziyophakama | eziyophakama | ziyophakama | aziyuphakama | ezingeyuphakama | zingeyuphakama |
| Class 9 | iyophakama | eyophakama | iyophakama | ayiyuphakama | engeyuphakama | ingeyuphakama |
| Class 10 | ziyophakama | eziyophakama | ziyophakama | aziyuphakama | ezingeyuphakama | zingeyuphakama |
| Class 11 | luyophakama | oluyophakama | luyophakama | aluyuphakama | olungeyuphakama | lungeyuphakama |
| Class 14 | buyophakama | obuyophakama | buyophakama | abuyuphakama | obungeyuphakama | bungeyuphakama |
| Class 15 | kuyophakama | okuyophakama | kuyophakama | akuyuphakama | okungeyuphakama | kungeyuphakama |
| Class 17 | kuyophakama | okuyophakama | kuyophakama | akuyuphakama | okungeyuphakama | kungeyuphakama |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiphakame | ngingaphakami |
| 2nd singular | uphakame | ungaphakami |
| 1st plural | siphakame | singaphakami |
| 2nd plural | niphakame | ningaphakami |
| Class 1 | aphakame | angaphakami |
| Class 2 | baphakame | bangaphakami |
| Class 3 | uphakame | ungaphakami |
| Class 4 | iphakame | ingaphakami |
| Class 5 | liphakame | lingaphakami |
| Class 6 | aphakame | angaphakami |
| Class 7 | siphakame | singaphakami |
| Class 8 | ziphakame | zingaphakami |
| Class 9 | iphakame | ingaphakami |
| Class 10 | ziphakame | zingaphakami |
| Class 11 | luphakame | lungaphakami |
| Class 14 | buphakame | bungaphakami |
| Class 15 | kuphakame | kungaphakami |
| Class 17 | kuphakame | kungaphakami |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaphakama | ngangaphakama, angaphakama, angangaphakama |
| 2nd singular | waphakama | wangaphakama, awaphakama, awangaphakama |
| 1st plural | saphakama | sangaphakama, asaphakama, asangaphakama |
| 2nd plural | naphakama | nangaphakama, anaphakama, anangaphakama |
| Class 1 | waphakama | wangaphakama, akaphakama, akangaphakama |
| Class 2 | baphakama | bangaphakama, abaphakama, abangaphakama |
| Class 3 | waphakama | wangaphakama, awaphakama, awangaphakama |
| Class 4 | yaphakama | yangaphakama, ayaphakama, ayangaphakama |
| Class 5 | laphakama | langaphakama, alaphakama, alangaphakama |
| Class 6 | aphakama | angaphakama, awaphakama, awangaphakama |
| Class 7 | saphakama | sangaphakama, asaphakama, asangaphakama |
| Class 8 | zaphakama | zangaphakama, azaphakama, azangaphakama |
| Class 9 | yaphakama | yangaphakama, ayaphakama, ayangaphakama |
| Class 10 | zaphakama | zangaphakama, azaphakama, azangaphakama |
| Class 11 | lwaphakama | lwangaphakama, alwaphakama, alwangaphakama |
| Class 14 | baphakama | bangaphakama, abaphakama, abangaphakama |
| Class 15 | kwaphakama | kwangaphakama, akwaphakama, akwangaphakama |
| Class 17 | kwaphakama | kwangaphakama, akwaphakama, akwangaphakama |

#### Derived terms

* -phakamisa

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “phakama”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “phakama (3.2.9)”