# zwr
## Egyptian
### Pronunciation

* (verb): (reconstructed) IPA: /ˈzaːwaɾ/ → /ˈsaːjaj/ → /ˈsaːʔə/ → /ˈsoːʔ/
* (verb): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ˈzaːwaɾ/
* (verb): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ˈsaːjaj/
* (verb): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ˈsaːʔə/
* (verb): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ˈsoːʔ/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /zuːr/
** Conventional anglicization: zur

### Verb

3-lit.
* (transitive) to drink (something liquid: water, beer, wine, etc.)
* (intransitive) to drink in general (+ m: to drink of (a drink), to drink from (a container or hand); + ḥr: to drink of (a body of water))
* (intransitive) to drink alcoholic drinks
** c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.8–1.9: jr swrj.k ḥnꜥ tḫw šzp.k jw jb.f ḥtp.wIf you drink with a drunkard, you should partake when his heart is satisfied.
* (intransitive) to take liquid medicine
* (transitive) to drink (a container), to consume the liquid contained in
* (transitive, figuratively, of the dead) to have (thirst) instead of something to drink, to ‘drink’ (thirst)
* (intransitive, of trees and land) to be watered

#### Alternative forms

| zwr | zwr | zwr | zwr | zwr | zw | zw | zwj |
| [Pyramid Texts] | [Pyramid Texts] | [Pyramid Texts] | [Pyramid Texts] | [Pyramid Texts] | [Pyramid Texts] | [Pyramid Texts] | [Pyramid Texts] |
| zwr | zwr | zwr | swrj | zwrj | swrj | swrj | zwr | zwr | zwr |
| [Middle Kingdom] | [Middle Kingdom] | [Middle Kingdom] | [Middle Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [18th Dynasty] |
| | | | | | | in hieratic | abbreviation | abbreviation | abbreviation |
By the Middle Kingdom, the r in this word is often supplemented or replaced by j, reflecting the phonetic weakening or loss of r at the end of a syllable.

#### Derived terms

* mzwr
* szwr

#### Descendants

* Demotic: swr
** Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲟⲩ (sou)
** Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲱ (sō)
** Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲱ (sō)
** Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲥⲱ (sō), ⲥⲟⲩ (sou)
** Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲱ (sō), ⲥⲟⲩ (sou)

### Noun

m
* drinking bowl [Pyramid Texts and 19th Dynasty]
* drink, beverage

#### Alternative forms

| zwr | swrj |
| | [19th Dynasty] |

#### Descendants

The following words have sometimes been proposed as descendants, but the probable loss of final r in this word by the time of the Middle Kingdom makes such derivations questionable:
* >? Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲓⲣ (sir)
** → Arabic: زِير (zīr)
*** Maltese: żir
*** → English: zir
*** → Italian: ziro
* →? Hebrew: סִיר

### References

* “zwr (lemma ID 130360)” and “zwr (lemma ID 130370)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 428.5–429.2
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 217
* James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 171.
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 146