# 宣言
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xuānyán
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄢ ㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): syun$^1$ jin$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siên-ngièn / siên-ngiàn
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): soan-giân / soan-gân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuānyán
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢ ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuanyán
*** Wade–Giles: hsüan$^1$-yen$^2$
*** Yale: sywān-yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuanyan
*** Palladius: сюаньянь (sjuanʹjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syun$^1$ jin$^4$
*** Yale: syūn yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: syn$^1$ jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xun$^1$ yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /syːn⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siên-ngièn
*** Hakka Romanization System: xien$^ˊ$ ngien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xian$^1$ ngian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯en²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siên-ngiàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: xien$^ˊ$ ngian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xian$^1$ ngian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯en²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soan-giân
*** Tâi-lô: suan-giân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soan'gieen
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /suan⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /suan⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /suan⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suan³³ ɡiɛn²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soan-gân
*** Tâi-lô: suan-gân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soan'gaan
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /suan⁴⁴⁻²² ɡan¹³/

### Noun

宣言
* declaration; manifesto (Classifier: 份 m)
    泛歐宣言／泛欧宣言 ― fàn'ōu xuānyán ― The Pan-European Manifesto

#### Derived terms

* 世界人權宣言／世界人权宣言 (Shìjiè Rénquán Xuānyán)
* 時尚宣言／时尚宣言 (shíshàng xuānyán)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 宣言(せんげん) (sengen)
* → Korean: 선언(宣言) (seoneon)
* → Vietnamese: tuyên ngôn (宣言)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 宣 | 言 |
| せん Grade: 6 | げん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せんげん [sèńgéꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
* (Tokyo) せんげん [sèńgéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sẽ̞ŋɡẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

宣(せん)言(げん) • (sengen)
* declaration

#### Derived terms

* 非(ひ)常(じょう)事(じ)態(たい)宣(せん)言(げん) (hijō jitai sengen)

### Verb

宣(せん)言(げん)する • (sengen suru) transitive suru (stem 宣(せん)言(げん)し (sengen shi), past 宣(せん)言(げん)した (sengen shita))
* to declare
    アザワド解(かい)放(ほう)国(こく)民(みん)運(うん)動(どう)（ＭＮＬＡ）は独(どく)立(りつ)を宣(せん)言(げん)した。
       Azawado Kaihō Kokumin Undō (ＭＮＬＡ) wa dokuritsu o sengen shita.
       Mouvement National pour la Libération de l'Azawad (MNLA) declared independence.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 宣言し | せんげんし | sengen shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 宣言し | せんげんし | sengen shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 宣言する | せんげんする | sengen suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 宣言する | せんげんする | sengen suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 宣言すれ | せんげんすれ | sengen sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 宣言せよ¹ 宣言しろ² | せんげんせよ¹ せんげんしろ² | sengen seyo¹ sengen shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 宣言される | せんげんされる | sengen sareru |
| Causative | 宣言させる 宣言さす | せんげんさせる せんげんさす | sengen saseru sengen sasu |
| Potential | 宣言できる | せんげんできる | sengen dekiru |
| Volitional | 宣言しよう | せんげんしよう | sengen shiyō |
| Negative | 宣言しない | せんげんしない | sengen shinai |
| Negative continuative | 宣言せず | せんげんせず | sengen sezu |
| Formal | 宣言します | せんげんします | sengen shimasu |
| Perfective | 宣言した | せんげんした | sengen shita |
| Conjunctive | 宣言して | せんげんして | sengen shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 宣言すれば | せんげんすれば | sengen sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* 1 2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 宣 | 言 |

### Noun

宣言 • (seoneon) (hangeul 선언)
* hanja form of 선언 (“declaration; proclamation”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 宣 | 言 |

### Noun

宣言
* chữ Hán form of tuyên ngôn (“declaration; proclamation”).