# 勁

| 勁 | U+52C1, &#21185; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52C1 |
| ← 勀 [U+52C0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 勂 → [U+52C2] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 勁 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 𠡍 |
| Simplified | 劲 |

### Han character

勁 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一一大尸 (MMKS), four-corner 1412$_7$, composition ⿰巠力)

#### Derived characters

* 葝(𫈎) 𤠃 𥯙

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 147, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2349
* Dae Jaweon: page 332, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 371, character 4
* Unihan data for U+52C1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 葝 | *ɡeŋ, *ɡeŋ |
| 頸 | *keŋʔ, *ɡeŋ |
| 勁 | *kɯns, *keŋs |
| 鑋 | *kʰeŋ, *kʰeːŋs |
| 輕 | *kʰeŋ, *kʰeŋs |
| 涇 | *ɡeŋʔ, *keːŋ |
| 經 | *keːŋ, *keːŋs |
| 鵛 | *keːŋ |
| 巠 | *keːŋ |
| 剄 | *keːŋʔ |
| 烴 | *keːŋʔ |
| 徑 | *keːŋs |
| 逕 | *keːŋs |
| 桱 | *keːŋs |
| 蛵 | *qʰeːŋ |
| 陘 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 鋞 | *ɡeːŋ, *ɡeːŋʔ |
| 脛 | *ɡeːŋʔ, *ɡeːŋs |
| 踁 | *ɡeːŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯns, *keŋs) : phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

### Etymology

Perhaps related to 強 (OC *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ, “strong”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìng (jing$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ging$^6$ / ging$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
* Eastern Min (BUC): gêng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kèng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gên$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$cin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^4$
*** Yale: jìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
*** Palladius: цзин (czin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ging$^6$ / ging$^3$
*** Yale: gihng / ging
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ging$^6$ / ging$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ging$^6$ / ging$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪŋ²²/, /kɪŋ³³/
* ging6 - more common, especially when meaning “amazing; terrific; super”.
* Middle Chinese: kjiengH
Rime :
| Character | 勁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居正切 |
| Baxter | kjiengH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kiᴇŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiæŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kiajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kiɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯ɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ging$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*keŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kɯns/, /*keŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 勁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jìng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjieng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*keŋ-s/ (no palatalization before *-eŋ?) |
| English | strong |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 勁 | 勁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 6655 | 6790 |
| Phonetic component | 斤 | 巠 |
| Rime group | 文 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 靳 | 勁 |
| Old Chinese | /*kɯns/ | /*keŋs/ |
| Notes | 今訓讀爲劤 | |
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “Taishanese”

#### Definitions

勁
* powerful; strong
* vigorous; with energy; lively
* (Cantonese) amazing; terrific
    好勁／好劲 [Cantonese] ― hou$^2$ ging$^6$ [Jyutping] ― amazing
* (Cantonese) very; super
    勁似／劲似 [Cantonese] ― ging$^6$ ci$^5$ [Jyutping] ― closely resembling
    勁煩／劲烦 [Cantonese] ― ging$^6$ faan$^4$ [Jyutping] ― super annoying

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 牛, 牛兒, 牛屄 vulgar |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 厲害, 棒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 厲害, 夠力 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 厲害 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 犀利, 勁 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 犀利, 勁, 勁抽, 堅抽 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 犀利 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 犀利, 勁 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 厲害, 慶 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 厲害, 慶, 壁 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 厲害, 慶 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 厲害, 慶 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 厲害, 慶 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 厲害, 慶 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 叻 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 慶 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 厲害, 勥, 𠢕 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 厲害, 勥, 𠢕 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 厲害, 野 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 厲害 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 結棍 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 結棍 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 結棍 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 結棍 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 結棍 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 䏧腮 |

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìn, jìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ, ㄐㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ging$^3$ / ging$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
* Eastern Min (BUC): géng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kèng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gên$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$cin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìn
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^4$
*** Yale: jìn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
*** Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (勁兒／劲儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìnr
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìnr
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: jìnr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiell
*** Palladius: цзиньр (czinʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiə̯ɻ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^4$
*** Yale: jìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
*** Palladius: цзин (czin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (勁兒／劲儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìngr
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìngr
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: jìngr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jienql
*** Palladius: цзинр (czinr)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ging$^3$ / ging$^6$
*** Yale: ging / gihng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ging$^3$ / ging$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ging$^3$ / ging$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪŋ³³/, /kɪŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: géng
*** Sinological IPA : /kɛiŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
*** Tâi-lô: kìng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gên$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kèⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /kẽ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$cin
*** MiniDict: cin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$jin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kjiengH
Rime :
| Character | 勁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居正切 |
| Baxter | kjiengH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kiᴇŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiæŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kiajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kiɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯ɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ging$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*keŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kɯns/, /*keŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 勁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jìng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjieng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*keŋ-s/ (no palatalization before *-eŋ?) |
| English | strong |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 勁 | 勁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 6655 | 6790 |
| Phonetic component | 斤 | 巠 |
| Rime group | 文 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 靳 | 勁 |
| Old Chinese | /*kɯns/ | /*keŋs/ |
| Notes | 今訓讀爲劤 | |

#### Definitions

勁
* vigor; energy; strength (Classifier: 股 m)
* air; manner; expression (Classifier: 股 m)
* interest; relish; gusto

### Compounds

* 一個勁兒／一个劲儿 (yīgejìnr)
* 一股勁兒／一股劲儿
* 上勁／上劲
* 下勁／下劲 (xiàjìn)
* 下死勁／下死劲
* 不對勁／不对劲 (bùduìjìn)
* 不得勁／不得劲 (bùdéjìn)
* 來勁／来劲 (láijìn)
* 使勁／使劲 (shǐjìn)
* 傻勁／傻劲
* 傻勁兒／傻劲儿
* 內勁／内劲
* 冷勁／冷劲
* 別勁／别劲
* 剛勁／刚劲 (gāngjìng)
* 加勁／加劲 (jiājìn)
* 加把勁／加把劲 (jiābǎjìn)
* 努勁兒／努劲儿
* 勁兵／劲兵
* 勁力／劲力
* 勁吹／劲吹
* 勁士／劲士
* 勁射／劲射 (jìnshè)
* 勁弩／劲弩
* 勁拔／劲拔 (jìngbá)
* 勁捷／劲捷
* 勁敵／劲敌 (jìngdí)
* 勁旅／劲旅 (jìnglǜ)
* 勁氣／劲气
* 勁烈／劲烈
* 勁秀／劲秀
* 勁秋／劲秋
* 勁節／劲节
* 勁翮／劲翮
* 勁草／劲草 (jìngcǎo)
* 勁道／劲道 (jìndào)
* 勁道十足／劲道十足
* 勁頭／劲头 (jìntóu)
* 勁頭兒／劲头儿
* 勁風／劲风
* 勁骨豐肌／劲骨丰肌
* 動勁／动劲
* 卯勁／卯劲
* 口勁／口劲
* 吃勁／吃劲 (chījìn)
* 堅勁／坚劲 (jiānjìng)
* 夠勁／够劲
* 對勁／对劲 (duìjìn)
* 巧勁兒／巧劲儿
* 差勁／差劲 (chàjìn)
* 帶勁／带劲 (dàijìn)
* 幹勁／干劲 (gànjìn)
* 強勁／强劲 (qiángjìng)
* 後勁／后劲
* 得勁／得劲 (déjìn)
* 忖著勁兒／忖著劲儿
* 扭勁／扭劲
* 提不起勁／提不起劲
* 攢勁／攒劲
* 有勁／有劲 (yǒujìn)
* 果勁／果劲
* 標勁兒／标劲儿
* 橫勁／横劲
* 殊功勁節／殊功劲节
* 沒勁／没劲 (méijìn)
* 洋勁／洋劲
* 洩勁／泄劲 (xièjìn)
* 清風勁節／清风劲节
* 烹勁兒／烹劲儿
* 牛勁／牛劲
* 犯牛勁／犯牛劲
* 猛個勁／猛个劲
* 猛勁／猛劲
* 獨勁／独劲 (dújìn)
* 用勁／用劲 (yòngjìn)
* 疾風勁草／疾风劲草 (jífēngjìngcǎo)
* 發勁／发劲
* 直節勁氣／直节劲气
* 碰勁／碰劲
* 磨勁兒／磨劲儿
* 繃勁兒／绷劲儿
* 腳勁／脚劲
* 蒼勁／苍劲 (cāngjìng)
* 虎勁／虎劲
* 衝勁／冲劲
* 襠勁／裆劲
* 豁勁／豁劲
* 費勁／费劲 (fèijìn)
* 賣勁／卖劲
* 賣死勁／卖死劲
* 起勁／起劲 (qǐjìn)
* 較勁／较劲 (jiàojìn)
* 較勁兒／较劲儿
* 逞著勁兒／逞著劲儿
* 遒勁／遒劲 (qiújìng)
* 醋勁／醋劲 (cùjìn)
* 雄勁／雄劲 (xióngjìng)
* 高風勁節／高风劲节
* 鬆勁／松劲 (sōngjìn)
* 鬥勁／斗劲
* 鬧騰勁兒／闹腾劲儿

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 𠡍 |
| Kyūjitai | 勁 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𠡍)
* Powerful, power.

#### Readings

* Go-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kan-on: けい (kei)
* Kun: つよい (tsuyoi, 勁い)
* Nanori: つよし (tsuyoshi)

#### References

* ↑ Akiyasu Tōdō [et al.] (2002) 漢字源, →ISBN: “勁 劤”

## Korean
### Hanja

勁 (eum 경 (gyeong))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

勁: Hán Nôm readings: kính, cứng, cánh, kình
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.