# mꜣꜥ
## Demotic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maʕ/

#### Noun

⁠⁠ m
* place
* cenotaph

##### Descendants

* Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲁ (ma)
* Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲁ (ma), ⲙⲟⲩ (mou), (only with ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ (niben)) ⲙⲁⲓ (mai)
* Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲉ (me), ⲙⲟⲩ (mou), (before genitive ⲛ- (n-)) ⲙⲁ (ma)
* Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲙⲁ (ma)
* Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲁ (ma)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmuːʔəʕ/

#### Verb

* to be true
* to be justified

##### Descendants

* ⇒ Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲙⲁⲓⲟ (tmaio), ⲧⲙⲁⲉⲓⲟ (tmaeio)

### References

* Erichsen, Wolja (1954) Demotisches Glossar, Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, page 149
* Janet H. Johnson, editor (2001), The Demotic Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago‎, volume M (10.1), Chicago: The University of Chicago, pages 21–29
* ↑ Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 77
* 1 2 Meeks, Dimitri (1994) “Étymologies coptes. Notes et remarques” in Coptology: Past, Present and Future: Studies in Honour of Professor Rodolphe Kasser, Louvain: Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 61, page 203–204. Meeks dates the papyrus to the Third Intermediate Period in this article, but Trismegistos and the Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae place it in the reign of Psamtik I, citing his 2006 “Mythes et legendes du Delta d’après le papyrus 47.218.8” in Mémoires publiés par les membres de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire 125, pages 458–491.

## Egyptian
### Pronunciation

* (verb): (reconstructed) IPA: /ˈmaːʀaʕ/ → /ˈmaːʀaʕ/ → /ˈmaːʔəʕ/ → /ˈmoːʔəʕ/
* (verb): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /ˈmaːʀaʕ/
* (verb): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /ˈmaːʀaʕ/
* (verb): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /ˈmaːʔəʕ/
* (verb): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /ˈmoːʔəʕ/
* (noun, in the sense ‘place’) (reconstructed Late Egyptian) IPA: /maʕ/
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /mɑʔɑː/
** Conventional anglicization: maa

### Verb

3-lit.
* (transitive) to direct, to guide, to conduct
** c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 21–22: mꜣꜥ.n.sn n zꜣ ꜣst ḫft(j).f ḫr n qn.fTo the son of Isis they have delivered his adversary, fallen through his (own) violence.
* (reflexive or intransitive) to be(come) true, to be(come) correct
* (intransitive) to be(come) genuine, real, true
* (intransitive) to fulfil a title or familial relation as one should; to be a real or true (brother, servant, etc.)
* (intransitive, law) to be(come) innocent
* (intransitive) to be(come) just or fair
* (transitive) to make an offering of

#### Alternative forms

mꜣꜥ :

#### Derived terms

* wn mꜣꜥ
* mꜣꜥw
* mꜣꜥt
* mꜣꜥ-ḫrw

#### Descendants

* Demotic: mꜣꜥ
** ⇒ Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲙⲁⲓⲟ (tmaio), ⲧⲙⲁⲉⲓⲟ (tmaeio)

### Noun

m
* (anatomy) temple

#### Derived terms

* rḏj mꜣꜥ r

### Noun

m
* place [since the end of the Third Intermediate Period]

#### Alternative forms

| mꜣꜥt | mꜣꜥ | mꜣꜥ | mꜣꜥ | mꜣꜥt |

### References

* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 12–14.19; 22.1–23.6
* Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 101
* Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 55, 128
* Meeks, Dimitri (1994) “Étymologies coptes. Notes et remarques” in Coptology: Past, Present and Future: Studies in Honour of Professor Rodolphe Kasser, Louvain: Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 61, page 203–204