# qotha
## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-qotha$^?$
* (transitive) to pulverise, to grind into powder

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuqotha |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqotha | ukungaqothi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qotha | -qothe |
| Plural | qothani | -qotheni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqotha, ngiqotha | engiqothayo, engiqotha | ngiqotha | angiqothi | engingaqothi | ngingaqothi |
| 2nd singular | uyaqotha, uqotha | oqothayo, oqotha | uqotha | awuqothi | ongaqothi | ungaqothi |
| 1st plural | siyaqotha, siqotha | esiqothayo, esiqotha | siqotha | asiqothi | esingaqothi | singaqothi |
| 2nd plural | niyaqotha, niqotha | eniqothayo, eniqotha | niqotha | aniqothi | eningaqothi | ningaqothi |
| Class 1 | uyaqotha, uqotha | oqothayo, oqotha | eqotha | akaqothi | ongaqothi | engaqothi |
| Class 2 | bayaqotha, baqotha | abaqothayo, abaqotha | beqotha | abaqothi | abangaqothi | bengaqothi |
| Class 3 | uyaqotha, uqotha | oqothayo, oqotha | uqotha | awuqothi | ongaqothi | ungaqothi |
| Class 4 | iyaqotha, iqotha | eqothayo, eqotha | iqotha | ayiqothi | engaqothi | ingaqothi |
| Class 5 | liyaqotha, liqotha | eliqothayo, eliqotha | liqotha | aliqothi | elingaqothi | lingaqothi |
| Class 6 | ayaqotha, aqotha | aqothayo, aqotha | eqotha | awaqothi | angaqothi | engaqothi |
| Class 7 | siyaqotha, siqotha | esiqothayo, esiqotha | siqotha | asiqothi | esingaqothi | singaqothi |
| Class 8 | ziyaqotha, ziqotha | eziqothayo, eziqotha | ziqotha | aziqothi | ezingaqothi | zingaqothi |
| Class 9 | iyaqotha, iqotha | eqothayo, eqotha | iqotha | ayiqothi | engaqothi | ingaqothi |
| Class 10 | ziyaqotha, ziqotha | eziqothayo, eziqotha | ziqotha | aziqothi | ezingaqothi | zingaqothi |
| Class 11 | luyaqotha, luqotha | oluqothayo, oluqotha | luqotha | aluqothi | olungaqothi | lungaqothi |
| Class 14 | buyaqotha, buqotha | obuqothayo, obuqotha | buqotha | abuqothi | obungaqothi | bungaqothi |
| Class 15 | kuyaqotha, kuqotha | okuqothayo, okuqotha | kuqotha | akuqothi | okungaqothi | kungaqothi |
| Class 17 | kuyaqotha, kuqotha | okuqothayo, okuqotha | kuqotha | akuqothi | okungaqothi | kungaqothi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqothile, ngiqothē | engiqothile, engiqothē | ngiqothile, ngiqothē | angiqothanga | engingaqothanga | ngingaqothanga |
| 2nd singular | uqothile, uqothē | oqothile, oqothē | uqothile, uqothē | awuqothanga | ongaqothanga | ungaqothanga |
| 1st plural | siqothile, siqothē | esiqothile, esiqothē | siqothile, siqothē | asiqothanga | esingaqothanga | singaqothanga |
| 2nd plural | niqothile, niqothē | eniqothile, eniqothē | niqothile, niqothē | aniqothanga | eningaqothanga | ningaqothanga |
| Class 1 | uqothile, uqothē | oqothile, oqothē | eqothile, eqothē | akaqothanga | ongaqothanga | engaqothanga |
| Class 2 | baqothile, baqothē | abaqothile, abaqothē | beqothile, beqothē | abaqothanga | abangaqothanga | bengaqothanga |
| Class 3 | uqothile, uqothē | oqothile, oqothē | uqothile, uqothē | awuqothanga | ongaqothanga | ungaqothanga |
| Class 4 | iqothile, iqothē | eqothile, eqothē | iqothile, iqothē | ayiqothanga | engaqothanga | ingaqothanga |
| Class 5 | liqothile, liqothē | eliqothile, eliqothē | liqothile, liqothē | aliqothanga | elingaqothanga | lingaqothanga |
| Class 6 | aqothile, aqothē | aqothile, aqothē | eqothile, eqothē | awaqothanga | angaqothanga | engaqothanga |
| Class 7 | siqothile, siqothē | esiqothile, esiqothē | siqothile, siqothē | asiqothanga | esingaqothanga | singaqothanga |
| Class 8 | ziqothile, ziqothē | eziqothile, eziqothē | ziqothile, ziqothē | aziqothanga | ezingaqothanga | zingaqothanga |
| Class 9 | iqothile, iqothē | eqothile, eqothē | iqothile, iqothē | ayiqothanga | engaqothanga | ingaqothanga |
| Class 10 | ziqothile, ziqothē | eziqothile, eziqothē | ziqothile, ziqothē | aziqothanga | ezingaqothanga | zingaqothanga |
| Class 11 | luqothile, luqothē | oluqothile, oluqothē | luqothile, luqothē | aluqothanga | olungaqothanga | lungaqothanga |
| Class 14 | buqothile, buqothē | obuqothile, obuqothē | buqothile, buqothē | abuqothanga | obungaqothanga | bungaqothanga |
| Class 15 | kuqothile, kuqothē | okuqothile, okuqothē | kuqothile, kuqothē | akuqothanga | okungaqothanga | kungaqothanga |
| Class 17 | kuqothile, kuqothē | okuqothile, okuqothē | kuqothile, kuqothē | akuqothanga | okungaqothanga | kungaqothanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqotha | engāqotha | ngāqotha | angiqothanga | engingaqothanga | ngingaqothanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqotha | owāqotha | wāqotha | awuqothanga | ongaqothanga | ungaqothanga |
| 1st plural | sāqotha | esāqotha | sāqotha | asiqothanga | esingaqothanga | singaqothanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqotha | enāqotha | nāqotha | aniqothanga | eningaqothanga | ningaqothanga |
| Class 1 | wāqotha | owāqotha | āqotha | akaqothanga | ongaqothanga | engaqothanga |
| Class 2 | bāqotha | abāqotha | bāqotha | abaqothanga | abangaqothanga | bengaqothanga |
| Class 3 | wāqotha | owāqotha | wāqotha | awuqothanga | ongaqothanga | ungaqothanga |
| Class 4 | yāqotha | eyāqotha | yāqotha | ayiqothanga | engaqothanga | ingaqothanga |
| Class 5 | lāqotha | elāqotha | lāqotha | aliqothanga | elingaqothanga | lingaqothanga |
| Class 6 | āqotha | āqotha | āqotha | awaqothanga | angaqothanga | engaqothanga |
| Class 7 | sāqotha | esāqotha | sāqotha | asiqothanga | esingaqothanga | singaqothanga |
| Class 8 | zāqotha | ezāqotha | zāqotha | aziqothanga | ezingaqothanga | zingaqothanga |
| Class 9 | yāqotha | eyāqotha | yāqotha | ayiqothanga | engaqothanga | ingaqothanga |
| Class 10 | zāqotha | ezāqotha | zāqotha | aziqothanga | ezingaqothanga | zingaqothanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqotha | olwāqotha | lwāqotha | aluqothanga | olungaqothanga | lungaqothanga |
| Class 14 | bāqotha | obāqotha | bāqotha | abuqothanga | obungaqothanga | bungaqothanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqotha | okwāqotha | kwāqotha | akuqothanga | okungaqothanga | kungaqothanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqotha | okwāqotha | kwāqotha | akuqothanga | okungaqothanga | kungaqothanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqotha | — | ngingaqotha | ngingeqothe | — | ngingeqothe |
| 2nd singular | ungaqotha | — | ungaqotha | ungeqothe | — | ungeqothe |
| 1st plural | singaqotha | — | singaqotha | singeqothe | — | singeqothe |
| 2nd plural | ningaqotha | — | ningaqotha | ningeqothe | — | ningeqothe |
| Class 1 | angaqotha | — | engaqotha | angeqothe | — | engeqothe |
| Class 2 | bangaqotha | — | bengaqotha | bangeqothe | — | bengeqothe |
| Class 3 | ungaqotha | — | ungaqotha | ungeqothe | — | ungeqothe |
| Class 4 | ingaqotha | — | ingaqotha | ingeqothe | — | ingeqothe |
| Class 5 | lingaqotha | — | lingaqotha | lingeqothe | — | lingeqothe |
| Class 6 | angaqotha | — | engaqotha | angeqothe | — | engeqothe |
| Class 7 | singaqotha | — | singaqotha | singeqothe | — | singeqothe |
| Class 8 | zingaqotha | — | zingaqotha | zingeqothe | — | zingeqothe |
| Class 9 | ingaqotha | — | ingaqotha | ingeqothe | — | ingeqothe |
| Class 10 | zingaqotha | — | zingaqotha | zingeqothe | — | zingeqothe |
| Class 11 | lungaqotha | — | lungaqotha | lungeqothe | — | lungeqothe |
| Class 14 | bungaqotha | — | bungaqotha | bungeqothe | — | bungeqothe |
| Class 15 | kungaqotha | — | kungaqotha | kungeqothe | — | kungeqothe |
| Class 17 | kungaqotha | — | kungaqotha | kungeqothe | — | kungeqothe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqotha | engizoqotha | ngizoqotha | angizuqotha | engingezuqotha | ngingezuqotha |
| 2nd singular | uzoqotha | ozoqotha | uzoqotha | awuzuqotha | ongezuqotha | ungezuqotha |
| 1st plural | sizoqotha | esizoqotha | sizoqotha | asizuqotha | esingezuqotha | singezuqotha |
| 2nd plural | nizoqotha | enizoqotha | nizoqotha | anizuqotha | eningezuqotha | ningezuqotha |
| Class 1 | uzoqotha | ozoqotha | ezoqotha | akazuqotha | ongezuqotha | engezuqotha |
| Class 2 | bazoqotha | abazoqotha | bezoqotha | abazuqotha | abangezuqotha | bengezuqotha |
| Class 3 | uzoqotha | ozoqotha | uzoqotha | awuzuqotha | ongezuqotha | ungezuqotha |
| Class 4 | izoqotha | ezoqotha | izoqotha | ayizuqotha | engezuqotha | ingezuqotha |
| Class 5 | lizoqotha | elizoqotha | lizoqotha | alizuqotha | elingezuqotha | lingezuqotha |
| Class 6 | azoqotha | azoqotha | ezoqotha | awazuqotha | angezuqotha | engezuqotha |
| Class 7 | sizoqotha | esizoqotha | sizoqotha | asizuqotha | esingezuqotha | singezuqotha |
| Class 8 | zizoqotha | ezizoqotha | zizoqotha | azizuqotha | ezingezuqotha | zingezuqotha |
| Class 9 | izoqotha | ezoqotha | izoqotha | ayizuqotha | engezuqotha | ingezuqotha |
| Class 10 | zizoqotha | ezizoqotha | zizoqotha | azizuqotha | ezingezuqotha | zingezuqotha |
| Class 11 | luzoqotha | oluzoqotha | luzoqotha | aluzuqotha | olungezuqotha | lungezuqotha |
| Class 14 | buzoqotha | obuzoqotha | buzoqotha | abuzuqotha | obungezuqotha | bungezuqotha |
| Class 15 | kuzoqotha | okuzoqotha | kuzoqotha | akuzuqotha | okungezuqotha | kungezuqotha |
| Class 17 | kuzoqotha | okuzoqotha | kuzoqotha | akuzuqotha | okungezuqotha | kungezuqotha |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqotha | engiyoqotha | ngiyoqotha | angiyuqotha | engingeyuqotha | ngingeyuqotha |
| 2nd singular | uyoqotha | oyoqotha | uyoqotha | awuyuqotha | ongeyuqotha | ungeyuqotha |
| 1st plural | siyoqotha | esiyoqotha | siyoqotha | asiyuqotha | esingeyuqotha | singeyuqotha |
| 2nd plural | niyoqotha | eniyoqotha | niyoqotha | aniyuqotha | eningeyuqotha | ningeyuqotha |
| Class 1 | uyoqotha | oyoqotha | eyoqotha | akayuqotha | ongeyuqotha | engeyuqotha |
| Class 2 | bayoqotha | abayoqotha | beyoqotha | abayuqotha | abangeyuqotha | bengeyuqotha |
| Class 3 | uyoqotha | oyoqotha | uyoqotha | awuyuqotha | ongeyuqotha | ungeyuqotha |
| Class 4 | iyoqotha | eyoqotha | iyoqotha | ayiyuqotha | engeyuqotha | ingeyuqotha |
| Class 5 | liyoqotha | eliyoqotha | liyoqotha | aliyuqotha | elingeyuqotha | lingeyuqotha |
| Class 6 | ayoqotha | ayoqotha | eyoqotha | awayuqotha | angeyuqotha | engeyuqotha |
| Class 7 | siyoqotha | esiyoqotha | siyoqotha | asiyuqotha | esingeyuqotha | singeyuqotha |
| Class 8 | ziyoqotha | eziyoqotha | ziyoqotha | aziyuqotha | ezingeyuqotha | zingeyuqotha |
| Class 9 | iyoqotha | eyoqotha | iyoqotha | ayiyuqotha | engeyuqotha | ingeyuqotha |
| Class 10 | ziyoqotha | eziyoqotha | ziyoqotha | aziyuqotha | ezingeyuqotha | zingeyuqotha |
| Class 11 | luyoqotha | oluyoqotha | luyoqotha | aluyuqotha | olungeyuqotha | lungeyuqotha |
| Class 14 | buyoqotha | obuyoqotha | buyoqotha | abuyuqotha | obungeyuqotha | bungeyuqotha |
| Class 15 | kuyoqotha | okuyoqotha | kuyoqotha | akuyuqotha | okungeyuqotha | kungeyuqotha |
| Class 17 | kuyoqotha | okuyoqotha | kuyoqotha | akuyuqotha | okungeyuqotha | kungeyuqotha |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqothe | ngingaqothi |
| 2nd singular | uqothe | ungaqothi |
| 1st plural | siqothe | singaqothi |
| 2nd plural | niqothe | ningaqothi |
| Class 1 | aqothe | angaqothi |
| Class 2 | baqothe | bangaqothi |
| Class 3 | uqothe | ungaqothi |
| Class 4 | iqothe | ingaqothi |
| Class 5 | liqothe | lingaqothi |
| Class 6 | aqothe | angaqothi |
| Class 7 | siqothe | singaqothi |
| Class 8 | ziqothe | zingaqothi |
| Class 9 | iqothe | ingaqothi |
| Class 10 | ziqothe | zingaqothi |
| Class 11 | luqothe | lungaqothi |
| Class 14 | buqothe | bungaqothi |
| Class 15 | kuqothe | kungaqothi |
| Class 17 | kuqothe | kungaqothi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqotha | ngangaqotha, angaqotha, angangaqotha |
| 2nd singular | waqotha | wangaqotha, awaqotha, awangaqotha |
| 1st plural | saqotha | sangaqotha, asaqotha, asangaqotha |
| 2nd plural | naqotha | nangaqotha, anaqotha, anangaqotha |
| Class 1 | waqotha | wangaqotha, akaqotha, akangaqotha |
| Class 2 | baqotha | bangaqotha, abaqotha, abangaqotha |
| Class 3 | waqotha | wangaqotha, awaqotha, awangaqotha |
| Class 4 | yaqotha | yangaqotha, ayaqotha, ayangaqotha |
| Class 5 | laqotha | langaqotha, alaqotha, alangaqotha |
| Class 6 | aqotha | angaqotha, awaqotha, awangaqotha |
| Class 7 | saqotha | sangaqotha, asaqotha, asangaqotha |
| Class 8 | zaqotha | zangaqotha, azaqotha, azangaqotha |
| Class 9 | yaqotha | yangaqotha, ayaqotha, ayangaqotha |
| Class 10 | zaqotha | zangaqotha, azaqotha, azangaqotha |
| Class 11 | lwaqotha | lwangaqotha, alwaqotha, alwangaqotha |
| Class 14 | baqotha | bangaqotha, abaqotha, abangaqotha |
| Class 15 | kwaqotha | kwangaqotha, akwaqotha, akwangaqotha |
| Class 17 | kwaqotha | kwangaqotha, akwaqotha, akwangaqotha |

#### Derived terms

* umqotho

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qotha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qotha (3.9)”