# khulela
## Zulu
### Etymology

From -khula +‎ -ela.

### Verb

-khuléla
* (intransitive) to grow up in [with locative]

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukukhulela |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukukhulela | ukungakhuleli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | khulela | -khulele |
| Plural | khulelani | -khuleleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyakhulela, ngikhulela | engikhulelayo, engikhulela | ngikhulela | angikhuleli | engingakhuleli | ngingakhuleli |
| 2nd singular | uyakhulela, ukhulela | okhulelayo, okhulela | ukhulela | awukhuleli | ongakhuleli | ungakhuleli |
| 1st plural | siyakhulela, sikhulela | esikhulelayo, esikhulela | sikhulela | asikhuleli | esingakhuleli | singakhuleli |
| 2nd plural | niyakhulela, nikhulela | enikhulelayo, enikhulela | nikhulela | anikhuleli | eningakhuleli | ningakhuleli |
| Class 1 | uyakhulela, ukhulela | okhulelayo, okhulela | ekhulela | akakhuleli | ongakhuleli | engakhuleli |
| Class 2 | bayakhulela, bakhulela | abakhulelayo, abakhulela | bekhulela | abakhuleli | abangakhuleli | bengakhuleli |
| Class 3 | uyakhulela, ukhulela | okhulelayo, okhulela | ukhulela | awukhuleli | ongakhuleli | ungakhuleli |
| Class 4 | iyakhulela, ikhulela | ekhulelayo, ekhulela | ikhulela | ayikhuleli | engakhuleli | ingakhuleli |
| Class 5 | liyakhulela, likhulela | elikhulelayo, elikhulela | likhulela | alikhuleli | elingakhuleli | lingakhuleli |
| Class 6 | ayakhulela, akhulela | akhulelayo, akhulela | ekhulela | awakhuleli | angakhuleli | engakhuleli |
| Class 7 | siyakhulela, sikhulela | esikhulelayo, esikhulela | sikhulela | asikhuleli | esingakhuleli | singakhuleli |
| Class 8 | ziyakhulela, zikhulela | ezikhulelayo, ezikhulela | zikhulela | azikhuleli | ezingakhuleli | zingakhuleli |
| Class 9 | iyakhulela, ikhulela | ekhulelayo, ekhulela | ikhulela | ayikhuleli | engakhuleli | ingakhuleli |
| Class 10 | ziyakhulela, zikhulela | ezikhulelayo, ezikhulela | zikhulela | azikhuleli | ezingakhuleli | zingakhuleli |
| Class 11 | luyakhulela, lukhulela | olukhulelayo, olukhulela | lukhulela | alukhuleli | olungakhuleli | lungakhuleli |
| Class 14 | buyakhulela, bukhulela | obukhulelayo, obukhulela | bukhulela | abukhuleli | obungakhuleli | bungakhuleli |
| Class 15 | kuyakhulela, kukhulela | okukhulelayo, okukhulela | kukhulela | akukhuleli | okungakhuleli | kungakhuleli |
| Class 17 | kuyakhulela, kukhulela | okukhulelayo, okukhulela | kukhulela | akukhuleli | okungakhuleli | kungakhuleli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngikhulelile, ngikhulelē | engikhulelile, engikhulelē | ngikhulelile, ngikhulelē | angikhulelanga | engingakhulelanga | ngingakhulelanga |
| 2nd singular | ukhulelile, ukhulelē | okhulelile, okhulelē | ukhulelile, ukhulelē | awukhulelanga | ongakhulelanga | ungakhulelanga |
| 1st plural | sikhulelile, sikhulelē | esikhulelile, esikhulelē | sikhulelile, sikhulelē | asikhulelanga | esingakhulelanga | singakhulelanga |
| 2nd plural | nikhulelile, nikhulelē | enikhulelile, enikhulelē | nikhulelile, nikhulelē | anikhulelanga | eningakhulelanga | ningakhulelanga |
| Class 1 | ukhulelile, ukhulelē | okhulelile, okhulelē | ekhulelile, ekhulelē | akakhulelanga | ongakhulelanga | engakhulelanga |
| Class 2 | bakhulelile, bakhulelē | abakhulelile, abakhulelē | bekhulelile, bekhulelē | abakhulelanga | abangakhulelanga | bengakhulelanga |
| Class 3 | ukhulelile, ukhulelē | okhulelile, okhulelē | ukhulelile, ukhulelē | awukhulelanga | ongakhulelanga | ungakhulelanga |
| Class 4 | ikhulelile, ikhulelē | ekhulelile, ekhulelē | ikhulelile, ikhulelē | ayikhulelanga | engakhulelanga | ingakhulelanga |
| Class 5 | likhulelile, likhulelē | elikhulelile, elikhulelē | likhulelile, likhulelē | alikhulelanga | elingakhulelanga | lingakhulelanga |
| Class 6 | akhulelile, akhulelē | akhulelile, akhulelē | ekhulelile, ekhulelē | awakhulelanga | angakhulelanga | engakhulelanga |
| Class 7 | sikhulelile, sikhulelē | esikhulelile, esikhulelē | sikhulelile, sikhulelē | asikhulelanga | esingakhulelanga | singakhulelanga |
| Class 8 | zikhulelile, zikhulelē | ezikhulelile, ezikhulelē | zikhulelile, zikhulelē | azikhulelanga | ezingakhulelanga | zingakhulelanga |
| Class 9 | ikhulelile, ikhulelē | ekhulelile, ekhulelē | ikhulelile, ikhulelē | ayikhulelanga | engakhulelanga | ingakhulelanga |
| Class 10 | zikhulelile, zikhulelē | ezikhulelile, ezikhulelē | zikhulelile, zikhulelē | azikhulelanga | ezingakhulelanga | zingakhulelanga |
| Class 11 | lukhulelile, lukhulelē | olukhulelile, olukhulelē | lukhulelile, lukhulelē | alukhulelanga | olungakhulelanga | lungakhulelanga |
| Class 14 | bukhulelile, bukhulelē | obukhulelile, obukhulelē | bukhulelile, bukhulelē | abukhulelanga | obungakhulelanga | bungakhulelanga |
| Class 15 | kukhulelile, kukhulelē | okukhulelile, okukhulelē | kukhulelile, kukhulelē | akukhulelanga | okungakhulelanga | kungakhulelanga |
| Class 17 | kukhulelile, kukhulelē | okukhulelile, okukhulelē | kukhulelile, kukhulelē | akukhulelanga | okungakhulelanga | kungakhulelanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngākhulela | engākhulela | ngākhulela | angikhulelanga | engingakhulelanga | ngingakhulelanga |
| 2nd singular | wākhulela | owākhulela | wākhulela | awukhulelanga | ongakhulelanga | ungakhulelanga |
| 1st plural | sākhulela | esākhulela | sākhulela | asikhulelanga | esingakhulelanga | singakhulelanga |
| 2nd plural | nākhulela | enākhulela | nākhulela | anikhulelanga | eningakhulelanga | ningakhulelanga |
| Class 1 | wākhulela | owākhulela | ākhulela | akakhulelanga | ongakhulelanga | engakhulelanga |
| Class 2 | bākhulela | abākhulela | bākhulela | abakhulelanga | abangakhulelanga | bengakhulelanga |
| Class 3 | wākhulela | owākhulela | wākhulela | awukhulelanga | ongakhulelanga | ungakhulelanga |
| Class 4 | yākhulela | eyākhulela | yākhulela | ayikhulelanga | engakhulelanga | ingakhulelanga |
| Class 5 | lākhulela | elākhulela | lākhulela | alikhulelanga | elingakhulelanga | lingakhulelanga |
| Class 6 | ākhulela | ākhulela | ākhulela | awakhulelanga | angakhulelanga | engakhulelanga |
| Class 7 | sākhulela | esākhulela | sākhulela | asikhulelanga | esingakhulelanga | singakhulelanga |
| Class 8 | zākhulela | ezākhulela | zākhulela | azikhulelanga | ezingakhulelanga | zingakhulelanga |
| Class 9 | yākhulela | eyākhulela | yākhulela | ayikhulelanga | engakhulelanga | ingakhulelanga |
| Class 10 | zākhulela | ezākhulela | zākhulela | azikhulelanga | ezingakhulelanga | zingakhulelanga |
| Class 11 | lwākhulela | olwākhulela | lwākhulela | alukhulelanga | olungakhulelanga | lungakhulelanga |
| Class 14 | bākhulela | obākhulela | bākhulela | abukhulelanga | obungakhulelanga | bungakhulelanga |
| Class 15 | kwākhulela | okwākhulela | kwākhulela | akukhulelanga | okungakhulelanga | kungakhulelanga |
| Class 17 | kwākhulela | okwākhulela | kwākhulela | akukhulelanga | okungakhulelanga | kungakhulelanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingakhulela | — | ngingakhulela | ngingekhulele | — | ngingekhulele |
| 2nd singular | ungakhulela | — | ungakhulela | ungekhulele | — | ungekhulele |
| 1st plural | singakhulela | — | singakhulela | singekhulele | — | singekhulele |
| 2nd plural | ningakhulela | — | ningakhulela | ningekhulele | — | ningekhulele |
| Class 1 | angakhulela | — | engakhulela | angekhulele | — | engekhulele |
| Class 2 | bangakhulela | — | bengakhulela | bangekhulele | — | bengekhulele |
| Class 3 | ungakhulela | — | ungakhulela | ungekhulele | — | ungekhulele |
| Class 4 | ingakhulela | — | ingakhulela | ingekhulele | — | ingekhulele |
| Class 5 | lingakhulela | — | lingakhulela | lingekhulele | — | lingekhulele |
| Class 6 | angakhulela | — | engakhulela | angekhulele | — | engekhulele |
| Class 7 | singakhulela | — | singakhulela | singekhulele | — | singekhulele |
| Class 8 | zingakhulela | — | zingakhulela | zingekhulele | — | zingekhulele |
| Class 9 | ingakhulela | — | ingakhulela | ingekhulele | — | ingekhulele |
| Class 10 | zingakhulela | — | zingakhulela | zingekhulele | — | zingekhulele |
| Class 11 | lungakhulela | — | lungakhulela | lungekhulele | — | lungekhulele |
| Class 14 | bungakhulela | — | bungakhulela | bungekhulele | — | bungekhulele |
| Class 15 | kungakhulela | — | kungakhulela | kungekhulele | — | kungekhulele |
| Class 17 | kungakhulela | — | kungakhulela | kungekhulele | — | kungekhulele |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizokhulela | engizokhulela | ngizokhulela | angizukhulela | engingezukhulela | ngingezukhulela |
| 2nd singular | uzokhulela | ozokhulela | uzokhulela | awuzukhulela | ongezukhulela | ungezukhulela |
| 1st plural | sizokhulela | esizokhulela | sizokhulela | asizukhulela | esingezukhulela | singezukhulela |
| 2nd plural | nizokhulela | enizokhulela | nizokhulela | anizukhulela | eningezukhulela | ningezukhulela |
| Class 1 | uzokhulela | ozokhulela | ezokhulela | akazukhulela | ongezukhulela | engezukhulela |
| Class 2 | bazokhulela | abazokhulela | bezokhulela | abazukhulela | abangezukhulela | bengezukhulela |
| Class 3 | uzokhulela | ozokhulela | uzokhulela | awuzukhulela | ongezukhulela | ungezukhulela |
| Class 4 | izokhulela | ezokhulela | izokhulela | ayizukhulela | engezukhulela | ingezukhulela |
| Class 5 | lizokhulela | elizokhulela | lizokhulela | alizukhulela | elingezukhulela | lingezukhulela |
| Class 6 | azokhulela | azokhulela | ezokhulela | awazukhulela | angezukhulela | engezukhulela |
| Class 7 | sizokhulela | esizokhulela | sizokhulela | asizukhulela | esingezukhulela | singezukhulela |
| Class 8 | zizokhulela | ezizokhulela | zizokhulela | azizukhulela | ezingezukhulela | zingezukhulela |
| Class 9 | izokhulela | ezokhulela | izokhulela | ayizukhulela | engezukhulela | ingezukhulela |
| Class 10 | zizokhulela | ezizokhulela | zizokhulela | azizukhulela | ezingezukhulela | zingezukhulela |
| Class 11 | luzokhulela | oluzokhulela | luzokhulela | aluzukhulela | olungezukhulela | lungezukhulela |
| Class 14 | buzokhulela | obuzokhulela | buzokhulela | abuzukhulela | obungezukhulela | bungezukhulela |
| Class 15 | kuzokhulela | okuzokhulela | kuzokhulela | akuzukhulela | okungezukhulela | kungezukhulela |
| Class 17 | kuzokhulela | okuzokhulela | kuzokhulela | akuzukhulela | okungezukhulela | kungezukhulela |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyokhulela | engiyokhulela | ngiyokhulela | angiyukhulela | engingeyukhulela | ngingeyukhulela |
| 2nd singular | uyokhulela | oyokhulela | uyokhulela | awuyukhulela | ongeyukhulela | ungeyukhulela |
| 1st plural | siyokhulela | esiyokhulela | siyokhulela | asiyukhulela | esingeyukhulela | singeyukhulela |
| 2nd plural | niyokhulela | eniyokhulela | niyokhulela | aniyukhulela | eningeyukhulela | ningeyukhulela |
| Class 1 | uyokhulela | oyokhulela | eyokhulela | akayukhulela | ongeyukhulela | engeyukhulela |
| Class 2 | bayokhulela | abayokhulela | beyokhulela | abayukhulela | abangeyukhulela | bengeyukhulela |
| Class 3 | uyokhulela | oyokhulela | uyokhulela | awuyukhulela | ongeyukhulela | ungeyukhulela |
| Class 4 | iyokhulela | eyokhulela | iyokhulela | ayiyukhulela | engeyukhulela | ingeyukhulela |
| Class 5 | liyokhulela | eliyokhulela | liyokhulela | aliyukhulela | elingeyukhulela | lingeyukhulela |
| Class 6 | ayokhulela | ayokhulela | eyokhulela | awayukhulela | angeyukhulela | engeyukhulela |
| Class 7 | siyokhulela | esiyokhulela | siyokhulela | asiyukhulela | esingeyukhulela | singeyukhulela |
| Class 8 | ziyokhulela | eziyokhulela | ziyokhulela | aziyukhulela | ezingeyukhulela | zingeyukhulela |
| Class 9 | iyokhulela | eyokhulela | iyokhulela | ayiyukhulela | engeyukhulela | ingeyukhulela |
| Class 10 | ziyokhulela | eziyokhulela | ziyokhulela | aziyukhulela | ezingeyukhulela | zingeyukhulela |
| Class 11 | luyokhulela | oluyokhulela | luyokhulela | aluyukhulela | olungeyukhulela | lungeyukhulela |
| Class 14 | buyokhulela | obuyokhulela | buyokhulela | abuyukhulela | obungeyukhulela | bungeyukhulela |
| Class 15 | kuyokhulela | okuyokhulela | kuyokhulela | akuyukhulela | okungeyukhulela | kungeyukhulela |
| Class 17 | kuyokhulela | okuyokhulela | kuyokhulela | akuyukhulela | okungeyukhulela | kungeyukhulela |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngikhulele | ngingakhuleli |
| 2nd singular | ukhulele | ungakhuleli |
| 1st plural | sikhulele | singakhuleli |
| 2nd plural | nikhulele | ningakhuleli |
| Class 1 | akhulele | angakhuleli |
| Class 2 | bakhulele | bangakhuleli |
| Class 3 | ukhulele | ungakhuleli |
| Class 4 | ikhulele | ingakhuleli |
| Class 5 | likhulele | lingakhuleli |
| Class 6 | akhulele | angakhuleli |
| Class 7 | sikhulele | singakhuleli |
| Class 8 | zikhulele | zingakhuleli |
| Class 9 | ikhulele | ingakhuleli |
| Class 10 | zikhulele | zingakhuleli |
| Class 11 | lukhulele | lungakhuleli |
| Class 14 | bukhulele | bungakhuleli |
| Class 15 | kukhulele | kungakhuleli |
| Class 17 | kukhulele | kungakhuleli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngakhulela | ngangakhulela, angakhulela, angangakhulela |
| 2nd singular | wakhulela | wangakhulela, awakhulela, awangakhulela |
| 1st plural | sakhulela | sangakhulela, asakhulela, asangakhulela |
| 2nd plural | nakhulela | nangakhulela, anakhulela, anangakhulela |
| Class 1 | wakhulela | wangakhulela, akakhulela, akangakhulela |
| Class 2 | bakhulela | bangakhulela, abakhulela, abangakhulela |
| Class 3 | wakhulela | wangakhulela, awakhulela, awangakhulela |
| Class 4 | yakhulela | yangakhulela, ayakhulela, ayangakhulela |
| Class 5 | lakhulela | langakhulela, alakhulela, alangakhulela |
| Class 6 | akhulela | angakhulela, awakhulela, awangakhulela |
| Class 7 | sakhulela | sangakhulela, asakhulela, asangakhulela |
| Class 8 | zakhulela | zangakhulela, azakhulela, azangakhulela |
| Class 9 | yakhulela | yangakhulela, ayakhulela, ayangakhulela |
| Class 10 | zakhulela | zangakhulela, azakhulela, azangakhulela |
| Class 11 | lwakhulela | lwangakhulela, alwakhulela, alwangakhulela |
| Class 14 | bakhulela | bangakhulela, abakhulela, abangakhulela |
| Class 15 | kwakhulela | kwangakhulela, akwakhulela, akwangakhulela |
| Class 17 | kwakhulela | kwangakhulela, akwakhulela, akwangakhulela |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “khulela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “khulela (3.2.9)”