# 菱

| 菱 | U+83F1, &#33777; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83F1 |
| ← 菰 [U+83F0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 菲 → [U+83F2] |
| 菱 | U+F958, &#63832; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F958 |
| ← 綾 [U+F957] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 陵 → [U+F959] |

## Translingual
### Han character

菱 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿土金水 (TGCE), four-corner 4440$_7$, composition ⿱艹夌)

#### Derived characters

* 𡡷

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1039, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31219
* Dae Jaweon: page 1498, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3229, character 1
* Unihan data for U+83F1
* Unihan data for U+F958

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 棱 | *rɯːŋ |
| 稜 | *rɯːŋ |
| 輘 | *rɯːŋ |
| 倰 | *rɯːŋ |
| 祾 | *rɯːŋ, *rɯŋ |
| 踜 | *rɯːŋs |
| 凌 | *rɯŋ |
| 菱 | *rɯŋ |
| 陵 | *rɯŋ |
| 綾 | *rɯŋ |
| 鯪 | *rɯŋ |
| 淩 | *rɯŋ |
| 夌 | *rɯŋ |
| 蔆 | *rɯŋ |
| 崚 | *rɯŋ |
| 掕 | *rɯŋ |
| 𩜁 | *rɯŋs |
| 庱 | *r̥ʰɯŋ, *r̥ʰɯŋʔ |
| 睖 | *r̥ʰɯŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): líng (ling$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nin$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ling$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): len$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): lin$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lìn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lin$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ling$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): lâing / lěng
* Eastern Min (BUC): lèng / lìng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lêng$^5$ / noi$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$lin
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lin$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: líng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: líng
*** Wade–Giles: ling$^2$
*** Yale: líng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
*** Palladius: лин (lin)
*** Sinological IPA : /liŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nin$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lin
*** Sinological IPA : /nin²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ling$^4$
*** Yale: lìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ling$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ling$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɪŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: len$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /len²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: lin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lin³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: lin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /lin¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: lin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /lin¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ling$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /lĩŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lâing / lěng
*** Sinological IPA : /laiŋ³³/, /leiŋ²¹/
* lâing - vernacular;
* lěng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: ling
Rime :
| Character | 菱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力膺切 |
| Baxter | ling |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɨŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lieŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /liəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭəŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /li̯əŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | líng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ling$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rɯŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 菱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8245 |
| Phonetic component | 夌 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 陵 |
| Old Chinese | /*rɯŋ/ |
| Notes | 同蔆，省文，見呂氏春秋 |

### Definitions

菱
* water caltrop; water chestnut (Trapa natans)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 菱角, 菱 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 菱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 菱角 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 菱角 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 菱角 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 菱角 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 菱角 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 菱角 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 菱角 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 菱角, 烏菱, 老烏菱 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 菱角 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 菱角兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 老菱角, 菱角 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 菱角 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 菱角 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 菱角 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 菱角 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 菱角 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 菱角兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 菱角 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 菱角 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 菱角 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 菱角 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 菱角 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 菱角 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 菱角兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 菱角 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 菱角 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 菱角 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 菱角 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 菱角 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 菱角, 老菱 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 菱角, 菱, 老菱 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 菱角 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 菱角 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 菱角 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 菱角 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 菱角 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 菱角 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 菱角 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 菱角 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 羊角仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 菱角 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 羊角仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 羊角 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 羊角仔, 羊角 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 菱角 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 菱角 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 菱角 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 菱角 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 菱角兒 |
| Jin | Linhe | 菱角 |
| Jin | Jining | 菱角 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 菱角 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 菱角 |
| Jin | Handan | 菱角 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 菱角 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 菱角 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 菱角 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 菱角 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 菱角 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 菱角 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 菱角 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 菱 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 菱 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 菱 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 老菱 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 菱 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 黃菱 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 菱角 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 菱角 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 菱角子 |
* (archaic) 芰 (jì)

### Compounds

* 撈菱／捞菱
* 菱形 (língxíng)
* 菱歌
* 菱花
* 菱花鏡／菱花镜
* 菱角
* 菱角湖 (Língjiaohú)
* 菱鋅礦／菱锌矿
* 菱鎂礦／菱镁矿
* 菱鐵礦／菱铁矿
* 菱鯛／菱鲷
* 青菱 (Qīnglíng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* diamond (shape); rhombus

#### Readings

* Go-on: りょう (ryō)
* Kan-on: りょう (ryō)
* Kun: ひし (hishi, 菱)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 菱
* ひし Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひし [hìshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çiɕi]

### Noun

菱(ひし) or 菱(ヒシ) • (hishi)
* water caltrop

#### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ヒシ.

#### Derived terms

* 浜(ハマ)菱(ビシ) (hamabishi)
* 鉄(てつ)菱(びし) (tetsubishi)

## Korean
### Hanja

菱 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung)
* (마름): water caltrop, compare water chestnut.

#### Usage notes

* It may be implausible to use water chestnut synonymously or confusingly, which is also synonymous to Eleocharis dulcis which is not closely related to water caltrop.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

菱: Hán Nôm readings: lăng, năng, trăng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.