# 遠望
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuǎnwàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˇ ㄨㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^5$ mong$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): oán-bōng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuǎnwàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˇ ㄨㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuǎnwàng
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^3$-wang$^4$
*** Yale: ywǎn-wàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeuanwanq
*** Palladius: юаньван (juanʹvan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^5$ mong$^6$
*** Yale: yúhn mohng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^5$ mong$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^5$ mong$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn¹³ mɔːŋ²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oán-bōng
*** Tâi-lô: uán-bōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oafnbong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: hjwonX mjang|mjangH
Rime :
| Character | 遠 | 望 | 望 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) | 陽 (106) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 雲阮切 | 武方切 | 巫放切 |
| Baxter | hjwonX | mjang | mjangH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦʉɐn$^X$/ | /mʉɐŋ/ | /mʉɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷiɐn$^X$/ | /mʷiɐŋ/ | /mʷiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuɐn$^X$/ | /miuɑŋ/ | /miuɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦuan$^X$/ | /muaŋ/ | /muaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuɐn$^X$/ | /miuaŋ/ | /miuaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭwɐn$^X$/ | /mĭwaŋ/ | /mĭwaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯wɐn$^X$/ | /miwaŋ/ | /miwaŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuǎn | wáng | wàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^5$ | mong$^4$ | mong$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ɢʷanʔ maŋ|maŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷanʔ maŋ|maŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 遠 | 望 | 望 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yuǎn | wàng | wàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hjwon$^X$ › | ‹ mjang › | ‹ mjang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.ɢʷanʔ/ | /*maŋ/ | /*maŋ-s/ |
| English | far | look at from a distance | look at from a distance |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 遠 | 望 | 望 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 16226 | 12667 | 12686 |
| Phonetic component | 袁 | 亡 | 亡 |
| Rime group | 元 | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 遠 | 亡 | 妄 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷanʔ/ | /*maŋ/ | /*maŋs/ |

### Verb

遠望
* (literary) to look off into the distance

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 遠望(えんぼう) (enbō)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 遠 | 望 |
| えん Grade: 2 | ぼう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えんぼー [èńbóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ẽ̞mbo̞ː]

### Noun

遠(えん)望(ぼう) • (enbō)
* looking off into the distance

### Verb

遠(えん)望(ぼう)する • (enbō suru) suru (stem 遠(えん)望(ぼう)し (enbō shi), past 遠(えん)望(ぼう)した (enbō shita))
* to look off into the distance

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 遠望し | えんぼうし | enbō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 遠望し | えんぼうし | enbō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 遠望する | えんぼうする | enbō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 遠望する | えんぼうする | enbō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 遠望すれ | えんぼうすれ | enbō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 遠望せよ¹ 遠望しろ² | えんぼうせよ¹ えんぼうしろ² | enbō seyo¹ enbō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 遠望される | えんぼうされる | enbō sareru |
| Causative | 遠望させる 遠望さす | えんぼうさせる えんぼうさす | enbō saseru enbō sasu |
| Potential | 遠望できる | えんぼうできる | enbō dekiru |
| Volitional | 遠望しよう | えんぼうしよう | enbō shiyō |
| Negative | 遠望しない | えんぼうしない | enbō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 遠望せず | えんぼうせず | enbō sezu |
| Formal | 遠望します | えんぼうします | enbō shimasu |
| Perfective | 遠望した | えんぼうした | enbō shita |
| Conjunctive | 遠望して | えんぼうして | enbō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 遠望すれば | えんぼうすれば | enbō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN