# 假令
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiǎlìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa$^2$ ling$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎlìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎlìng
*** Wade–Giles: chia$^3$-ling$^4$
*** Yale: jyǎ-lìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jealinq
*** Palladius: цзялин (czjalin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaa$^2$ ling$^6$
*** Yale: gá lihng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaa$^2$ ling$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ga$^2$ ling$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaː³⁵ lɪŋ²²/
* Middle Chinese: kaeX ljeng|ljengH|lengH
Rime :
| Character | 假 | 令 | 令 | 令 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/5 | 4/5 | 5/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) | 清 (121) | 清 (121) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 古疋切 | 呂貞切 | 力政切 | 郎定切 |
| Baxter | kaeX | ljeng | ljengH | lengH |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠa$^X$/ | /liᴇŋ/ | /liᴇŋ$^H$/ | /leŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚa$^X$/ | /liɛŋ/ | /liɛŋ$^H$/ | /leŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ka$^X$/ | /liæŋ/ | /liæŋ$^H$/ | /lɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨ$^X$/ | /liajŋ/ | /liajŋ$^H$/ | /lɛjŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ka$^X$/ | /liɛŋ/ | /liɛŋ$^H$/ | /leŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ka$^X$/ | /lĭɛŋ/ | /lĭɛŋ$^H$/ | /lieŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ka$^X$/ | /li̯ɛŋ/ | /li̯ɛŋ$^H$/ | /lieŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiǎ | líng | lìng | lìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaa$^2$ | ling$^4$ | ling$^6$ | ling$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.kˤraʔ riŋ|riŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kraːʔ reŋ|reŋs|reːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 假 | 令 | 令 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiǎ | líng | lìng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kæ$^X$ › | ‹ ljeng › | ‹ ljeng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.kˁraʔ/ | /*riŋ/ | /*riŋ-s/ |
| English | borrow; false | send (a person) | issue a command |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 假 | 令 | 令 | 令 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/5 | 3/5 | 5/5 |
| No. | 5955 | 8277 | 8284 | 8332 |
| Phonetic component | 叚 | 令 | 令 | 令 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 耕 | 耕 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 檟 | 跉 | 令 | 零 |
| Old Chinese | /*kraːʔ/ | /*reŋ/ | /*reŋs/ | /*reːŋs/ |

### Conjunction

假令
* (literary) if; in case

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 若, 假, 如, 使, 令, 苟, 向, 向使, 向令, 假令, 假使, 誠, 誠使, 倘, 儻, 當使 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 若, 如, 如果, 若果, 果若, 假如, 假若, 假使, 假設, 倘若, 倘或, 倘然, 倘使, 若是, 若然, 設若, 設使, 設令, 設或, 設 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 要是, 要 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 要是, 要, 如果 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 如果 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 如果 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 要是 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 要是 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 要是, 假比 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 要是 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 要是, 要, 假使 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 要是, 倘此, 倘倘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 如果, 若果, 若然, 假使間 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 如果, 若果, 若然, 若然之, 假使, 假使間, 假如 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 假如 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 如果, 假使 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 設若 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 如果 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 如果 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 要是, 若是 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 假使 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 係話, 若係, 如果 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 若果, 係講, 係話 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 係講, 若係, 假使 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 係講, 係準, 係準講, 準講, 準假, 係若, 若係, 假使, 假詐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 係講, 若係, 假使 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 準講, 可比, 假使, 係講, 若係, 若係講, 準若講 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 係講, 若係, 假使 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 若係講, 假使, 若講, 係講, 若係 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 假使 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 要是 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 來是, 如果 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 來是, 如果 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 儷是, 若還 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 設使, 若是, 若, 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是, 甲若, 甲若是 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 設使, 若是, 若, 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 設使, 若是, 若, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是, 甲若, 甲若是 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 若是, 若準, 若, 假使, 設使 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 若是, 若準 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 若是 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 若是, 若, 假使 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 若是 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 如果 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 若, 若是 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 若是 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 要是, 如果, 假使, 倘然, 倘使, 是得 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 要, 如果 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 若是, 若 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 要是 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 要是, 要此 |