# 螵蛸
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): piāoxiāo
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄠ ㄒㄧㄠ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: piāoxiāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄠ ㄒㄧㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: piaosiao
*** Wade–Giles: pʻiao$^1$-hsiao$^1$
*** Yale: pyāu-syāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: piaushiau
*** Palladius: пяосяо (pjaosjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: bjiew|phjiew sjew
Rime :
| Character | 螵 | 螵 | 蛸 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 滂 (2) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 宵 (91) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 符霄切 | 撫招切 | 相邀切 |
| Baxter | bjiew | phjiew | sjew |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /biᴇu/ | /pʰiᴇu/ | /siᴇu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biɛu/ | /pʰiɛu/ | /siɛu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bjæu/ | /pʰjæu/ | /sjæu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /biaw/ | /pʰiaw/ | /siaw/ |
| Li Rong | /biɛu/ | /pʰiɛu/ | /siɛu/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭɛu/ | /pʰĭɛu/ | /sĭɛu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱi̯ɛu/ | /pʰi̯ɛu/ | /si̯ɛu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | piáo | piāo | xiāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | piu$^4$ | piu$^1$ | siu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bew|pʰew sew/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 螵 | 螵 | 蛸 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 9782 | 9754 | 13746 |
| Phonetic component | 票 | 票 | 肖 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 宵 | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 瓢 | 爂 | 宵 |
| Old Chinese | /*bew/ | /*pʰew/ | /*sew/ |

### Noun

螵蛸
* egg-case of the praying mantis
* (literary) Short for 海螵蛸 (hǎipiāoxiāo, “cuttlebone”).

#### Synonyms

* (cuttlebone): 海螵蛸 (hǎipiāoxiāo), 烏賊骨／乌贼骨 (wūzéigǔ); (Hokkien) 墨賊船／墨贼船

#### Derived terms

* 桑螵蛸 (sāngpiāoxiāo)
* 海螵蛸 (hǎipiāoxiāo)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 螵 | 蛸 |
| おおじがふぐり ||
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun ||
Compound of 祖父 (ōji, “grandad, old man”) +‎ が (ga, “-'s”, Old Japanese possessive particle) +‎ 陰嚢 (fuguri, “scrotum”), presumably from a vague visual similarity. The spelling is from Middle Chinese. First cited in the 本草和名 (Honzō Wamyō, “Japanese Names of Medicinal Plants”), the oldest surviving medical work in Japanese.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おおじがふぐり [òójígáfúꜜgùrì] (Nakadaka – [5])
* IPA: [o̞ːʑiɡa̠ɸɯ̟ɡɯ̟ɾʲi]

#### Noun

螵蛸(おおじがふぐり) • (ōjigafuguri)
* [from 918] a mantis egg case
    Synonyms: (egg case in general) 卵塊 (rankai), 卵鞘 (ranshō)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 螵 | 蛸 |
| ひょう Hyōgai | しょう Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
Might be from Middle Chinese 螵蛸 (MC phjiew sjew), or might instead be a relatively recent borrowing from written Chinese 螵蛸 (piāoxiāo). This hyōshō pronunciation is not listed in dictionaries consulted to date, and online searches of the Japanese web suggest that this pronunciation might be limited to Chinese medicine contexts.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ço̞ːɕo̞ː]

#### Noun

螵(ひょう)蛸(しょう) • (hyōshō)
* [date uncertain] (traditional Chinese medicine) a mantis egg case

### References

* 1 2 3 “螵蛸”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 “螵蛸”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN