# 后土
## Chinese

* 后土

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hòutǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄡˋ ㄊㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hau$^6$ tou$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): heu-thú
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hō͘-thó͘ / hiō-thó͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hòutǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄡˋ ㄊㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hòutǔ
*** Wade–Giles: hou$^4$-tʻu$^3$
*** Yale: hòu-tǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: howtuu
*** Palladius: хоуту (xoutu)
*** Sinological IPA : /xoʊ̯⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hau$^6$ tou$^2$
*** Yale: hauh tóu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hau$^6$ tou$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heo$^6$ tou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐu̯²² tʰou̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: heu-thú
*** Hakka Romanization System: heu tu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: heu$^4$ tu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /heu̯⁵⁵ tʰu³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘-thó͘
*** Tâi-lô: hōo-thóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoxtor
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔ³³⁻¹¹ tʰɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ³³⁻²¹ tʰɔ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiō-thó͘
*** Tâi-lô: hiō-thóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hioixtor
*** IPA (Taipei): /hio³³⁻¹¹ tʰɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɤ³³⁻²¹ tʰɔ⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: huwX|huwH thuX
Rime :
| Character | 后 | 后 | 土 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) | 侯 (137) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 胡口切 | 胡遘切 | 他魯切 |
| Baxter | huwX | huwH | thuX |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦəu$^X$/ | /ɦəu$^H$/ | /tʰuo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦəu$^X$/ | /ɦəu$^H$/ | /tʰuo$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣəu$^X$/ | /ɣəu$^H$/ | /tʰo$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəw$^X$/ | /ɦəw$^H$/ | /tʰɔ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣu$^X$/ | /ɣu$^H$/ | /tʰo$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣəu$^X$/ | /ɣəu$^H$/ | /tʰu$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣə̯u$^X$/ | /ɣə̯u$^H$/ | /tʰuo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hòu | hòu | tǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hau$^6$ | hau$^6$ | tou$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢˤ(r)oʔ tʰˤaʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːʔ|ɡoːs l̥ʰaːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 后 | 土 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hòu | tǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ huw$^X$ › | ‹ thu$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢˁ(r)oʔ/ | /*tʰˁaʔ/ |
| English | sovereign; queen | earth |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 后 | 后 | 土 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| No. | 5168 | 5172 | 12499 |
| Phonetic component | 后 | 后 | 土 |
| Rime group | 侯 | 侯 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 厚 | 𠋫 | 土 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡoːʔ/ | /*ɡoːs/ | /*l̥ʰaːʔ/ |

### Noun

后土
* (literary) earth god; Houtu
* (literary) the vast earth
* (literary, of ancient China) official charged with managing land

#### Synonyms

* (earth god): 地母
* (the vast earth): 大地 (dàdì)

#### Derived terms

* 皇天后土 (huángtiānhòutǔ)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 后(こう)土(ど) (kōdo)
* → Korean: 후토(后土) (huto)
* → Vietnamese: Hậu Thổ (后土)