# 擒

| 擒 | U+64D2, &#25810; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-64D2 |
| ← 擑 [U+64D1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 擓 → [U+64D3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

擒 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 手人卜月 (QOYB), four-corner 5802$_7$, composition ⿰扌禽)

#### Derived characters

* 𫬜

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 458, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12816
* Dae Jaweon: page 807, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1961, character 2
* Unihan data for U+64D2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 擒
* Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
* Transcribed ancient scripts
| | Old Chinese |
| 貪 | *kʰl'uːm |
| 嗿 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ |
| 僋 | *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms |
| 酓 | *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms |
| 馠 | *qʰɯːm |
| 谽 | *qʰɯːm |
| 唅 | *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms |
| 含 | *ɡɯːm |
| 肣 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 頷 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 筨 | *ɡɯːm |
| 梒 | *ɡɯːm |
| 鋡 | *ɡɯːm |
| 莟 | *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms |
| 琀 | *ɡɯːms |
| 浛 | *ɡɯːms |
| 盦 | *qɯːm, *qaːb |
| 韽 | *qɯːm, *qrɯːms |
| 玪 | *krɯːm |
| 妗 | *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms |
| 欦 | *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm |
| 黔 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 鈐 | *ɡram |
| 鳹 | *ɡram |
| 雂 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 念 | *nɯːms |
| 梣 | *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm |
| 枔 | *sɢrɯm |
| 岑 | *sɡrɯm |
| 笒 | *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms |
| 涔 | *sɡrɯm |
| 侺 | *ɡjɯms |
| 今 | *krɯm |
| 黅 | *krɯm |
| 衿 | *krɯm |
| 衾 | *kʰrɯm |
| 坅 | *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 搇 | *kʰrɯms |
| 琴 | *ɡrɯm |
| 禽 | *ɡrɯm |
| 芩 | *ɡrɯm |
| 庈 | *ɡrɯm |
| 耹 | *ɡrɯm |
| 靲 | *ɡrɯm |
| 擒 | *ɡrɯm |
| 檎 | *ɡrɯm |
| 紟 | *ɡrɯms |
| 吟 | *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms |
| 訡 | *ŋɡrɯm |
| 廞 | *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ |
| 陰 | *qrɯm |
| 霠 |
| 飲 | *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms |
| 蔭 | *qrɯms |
| 廕 | *qrɯms |
| 矜 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯm) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 禽 (OC *ɡrɯm).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qín (qin$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kam$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khîm
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$jin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qín
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cín
*** Wade–Giles: chʻin$^2$
*** Yale: chín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
*** Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kam$^4$
*** Yale: kàhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kem$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐm²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîm
*** Tâi-lô: khîm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiim
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰim²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰim²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰim¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰim²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰim²³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$jin
*** MiniDict: jin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$jjin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑin²³/
* Middle Chinese: gim
Rime :
| Character | 擒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 巨金切 |
| Baxter | gim |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gjim/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡjəm/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭĕm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /gi̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qín |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | kam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ɢ(r)[ə]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 擒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qín |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gim › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.ɢ(r)[ə]m/ |
| English | catch |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 擒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6613 |
| Phonetic component | 今 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 琴 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡrɯm/ |
| Notes | 同捦，禽轉註字 |

### Definitions

擒
* to catch; to capture; to seize; to arrest
* to hold; to grasp
* (Cantonese) to climb
    擒上車頂／擒上车顶 [Cantonese] ― kam$^4$ soeng$^5$ ce$^1$ deng$^2$ [Jyutping] ― to climb to the top of the car

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 爬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 爬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 爬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 爬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 擒 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 擒, 爬 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 擒 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 爬 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 爬 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 爬啦 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 爬 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 𬦰, 控 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 𬦰 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 爬 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 爬 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 爬 |

### Compounds

* 一網成擒／一网成擒
* 一舉成擒／一举成擒
* 七擒七縱／七擒七纵 (qīqínqīzòng)
* 伏虎擒龍／伏虎擒龙
* 就擒 (jiùqín)
* 成擒
* 手到擒來／手到擒来 (shǒudàoqínlái)
* 捉虎擒蛟
* 擒伏
* 擒奸摘伏
* 擒姦擿伏／擒奸擿伏
* 擒姦討暴／擒奸讨暴
* 擒抱
* 擒拿 (qínná)
* 擒捉
* 擒服
* 擒獲／擒获 (qínhuò)
* 擒盜／擒盗
* 擒縱／擒纵
* 擒虎拿蛟
* 擒賊擒王／擒贼擒王 (qínzéiqínwáng)
* 擒賊擒首／擒贼擒首
* 擒龍縛虎／擒龙缚虎
* 束手就擒 (shùshǒujiùqín)
* 欲擒故縱／欲擒故纵 (yùqíngùzòng)
* 生擒 (shēngqín)
* 生擒活拿
* 生擒活捉 (shēngqín huózhuō)
* 韓擒虎／韩擒虎
* 餓虎擒羊／饿虎擒羊

## Japanese
### Alternative forms

* Kanji in this term
* 擒
* とりこ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* 虜, 俘, 囚, 俘虜

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごん (gon)
* Kan-on: きん (kin)
* Kun: とらえる (toraeru, 擒える)、とりこ (toriko, 擒)

### Etymology

Originally a compound of 取り (tori, “taking, capturing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 取る (toru), “to take, to capture”) +‎ 子 (ko, “child; small thing”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とりこ [tòríkóꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
* (Tokyo) とりこ [tòríkó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ɾʲiko̞]

### Noun

擒(とりこ) • (toriko)
* a prisoner, captive, slave

#### Usage notes

Also used metaphorically, such as 恋の擒 (koi no toriko, literally “love's slave”).

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

擒 • (geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune–Reischauer kŭm, Yale kum)
* catch, capture, seize, arrest

## Vietnamese
### Han character

擒: Hán Việt readings: cầm
擒: Nôm readings: cầm
* chữ Hán form of cầm (“to hold, keep, capture, seize, arrest”).

#### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).