# 纛

| 纛 | U+7E9B, &#32411; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7E9B |
| ← 纚 [U+7E9A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 纜 → [U+7E9C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

纛 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+19, 25 strokes, cangjie input 手一田卜火 (QMWYF), four-corner 5099$_3$, composition ⿱毒縣)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 944, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28080
* Dae Jaweon: page 1384, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3470, character 16
* Unihan data for U+7E9B

## Chinese

* 纛

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 瑇 | *dɯːɡs, *duːɡ |
| 纛 | *duːɡs, *duːɡ |
| 碡 | *doːɡ, *duːɡ, *duɡ |
| 毒 | *l'uːɡ |
| 蝳 | *duːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duːɡs, *duːɡ) : phonetic 毒 (OC *l'uːɡ) + semantic 縣

### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to 翿 (OC *duː, *duːs, “streamer or banner adorned with feathers used in dances or funeral ceremonies in ancient China”)?”
Attested late, earliest extant instance being in Rites of Zhou:
* 鄉師之職：……大喪用役，則帥其民而至，遂治之。及葬，執纛，以與匠帥御柩而治役。及窆，執斧以蒞匠師。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]乡师之职：……大丧用役，则帅其民而至，遂治之。及葬，执纛，以与匠帅御柩而治役。及窆，执斧以莅匠师。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Rites of Zhou, circa 3rd century BCEXiāngshī zhī zhí:...... Dàsàng yòng yì, zé shuài qí mín ér zhì, suì zhì zhī. Jí zàng, zhí dào, yǐ yǔ jiàngshuài yù jiù ér zhì yì. Jí biǎn, zhí fǔ yǐ lì jiàngshī. [Pinyin]The duties of the leaders of the interior districts: [...] When employing draftees for major funerals, he'll go ahead of his men and directs their tasks. During burials, he'll hold a feather-standard while conducting the coffin procession alongsides the wrights' leader and also directing the draftees. While the coffin is being lowered, he'll hold an ax while standing besides the wrights' leader.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dào, dú (dao$^4$, du$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄠˋ, ㄉㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dou$^6$ / duk$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tō / to̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dog$^8$ / dao$^6$ / dag$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dào
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dào
*** Wade–Giles: tao$^4$
*** Yale: dàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daw
*** Palladius: дао (dao)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dú
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dú
*** Wade–Giles: tu$^2$
*** Yale: dú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwu
*** Palladius: ду (du)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dou$^6$ / duk$^6$
*** Yale: douh / duhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dou$^6$ / duk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dou$^6$ / dug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tou̯²²/, /tʊk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō / to̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tō / to̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doi, dok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /to²²/, /tɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /to⁴¹/, /tɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /to²²/, /tɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /to³³/, /tɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ³³/, /tɔk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dog$^8$ / dao$^6$ / dag$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: to̍k / tău / ta̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /tok̚⁴/, /tau³⁵/, /tak̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dawH, dowk
Rime :
| Character | 纛 | 纛 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 沃 (6) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 徒到切 | 徒沃切 |
| Baxter | dawH | dowk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑu$^H$/ | /duok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑu$^H$/ | /duok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑu$^H$/ | /dok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daw$^H$/ | /dawk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑu$^H$/ | /dok̚/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑu$^H$/ | /duok̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱɑu$^H$/ | /dʱuok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dào | dú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dou$^6$ | duk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤuk-s/, /*dˤuk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*duːɡs/, /*duːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 纛 | 纛 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dào | dú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ daw$^H$ › | ‹ dowk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ˁuk-s/ | /*dˁuk/ |
| English | banner, streamer | banner, streamer |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 纛 | 纛 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 2484 | 2489 |
| Phonetic component | 毒 | 毒 |
| Rime group | 奧 | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 導 | 毒 |
| Old Chinese | /*duːɡs/ | /*duːɡ/ |

### Definitions

纛
* (historical) big army banner used in ancient China
* (historical) banner made from hairs or feathers and used on the king's or emperor's carriage in ancient China

### Compounds

* 作纛旗兒／作纛旗儿
* 坐纛旂兒／坐纛旗儿
* 大纛
* 大纛高牙
* 左纛
* 纛旗
* 高牙大纛

### Descendants

* → Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰍 (t¹uǧ, “standard”)
** → Mongolian: туг (tug, “yak-tailed banner, flag”)
* → Karakhanid: [script needed] (tūγ, “standard”)

### References

* “纛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972). An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-13th Century Turkish. Oxford University Press. p. 464

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): とう (tō)、とく (toku)
* Kun: はたぼこ (hataboko)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 纛
* Hyōgai
* on'yomi

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とー [tóꜜò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [to̞ː]

### Noun

纛(とう) • (tō)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 纛 (MC dawH).

#### Hanja

纛 (eum 도 (do))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 纛 (MC dowk).

#### Hanja

纛 (eum 독 (dok))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.