# ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϣⲧⲁⲗⲧⲉⲗ (štaltel), ϣⲧⲁⲣⲧⲉⲣ (štarter) — Fayyumic
* ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ (šthorter) — Bohairic
* ϣⲧⲁⲣⲧⲣ (štartr) — Lycopolitan
* ⳉⲧⲁⲣⲧⲣⲉ (xtartre) — Akhmimic

### Noun

ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ • (štortr) m
* (Sahidic) disturbance, trouble, haste

### Verb

ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ • (štortr) (nominal state ϣⲧⲣⲧⲣ-, pronominal state ϣⲧⲣⲧⲱⲣ⸗, stative ϣⲧⲣⲧⲱⲣ)
* (Sahidic, intransitive) to be disturbed, troubled, in haste
* (Sahidic, transitive) to disturb, to cause to hasten

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ štortr | imperative | affirmative | ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ štortr |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ tm̄štortr | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pr̄štortr |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ tištortr | ⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ kštortr | ⲧⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ teštortr | ϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ fštortr | ⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ sštortr | ⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ tn̄štortr | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ tetn̄štortr | ⲥⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ seštortr | ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ štortr |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eïštortr | ⲉⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ekštortr | ⲉⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ereštortr | ⲉϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ efštortr | ⲉⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ esštortr | ⲉⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ enštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etetn̄štortr | ⲉⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ euštortr | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ere- štortr |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etištortr | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etk̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eteštortr, etereštortr | ⲉⲧϥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etf̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ets̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etn̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etetn̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etouštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etere- štortr |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ neïštortr | ⲛⲉⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nekštortr | ⲛⲉⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nereštortr | ⲛⲉϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nefštortr | ⲛⲉⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nesštortr | ⲛⲉⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nenštortr | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ netetn̄štortr | ⲛⲉⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ neuštortr | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nere- štortr |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ tinaštortr | ⲕⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ knaštortr | ⲧⲉⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ tenaštortr | ϥⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ fnaštortr | ⲥⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ snaštortr | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ tn̄naštortr | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ tetnaštortr | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ senaštortr | ⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ naštortr |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eïnaštortr | ⲉⲕⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eknaštortr | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ erenaštortr | ⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ efnaštortr | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ esnaštortr | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ennaštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etetnaštortr | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eunaštortr | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ere- naštortr |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etinaštortr | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etk̄naštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etenaštortr, eterenaštortr | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etf̄naštortr | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ets̄naštortr | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etn̄naštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etetnaštortr | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etounaštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etere- naštortr |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ neïnaštortr | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ neknaštortr | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nerenaštortr | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nefnaštortr | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nesnaštortr | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nennaštortr | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ netetnaštortr | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ neunaštortr | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nere- naštortr |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ aïštortr | ⲁⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ akštortr | ⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲁⲣϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ aštortr, arštortr, areštortr | ⲁϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ afštortr | ⲁⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ asštortr | ⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ anštortr | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ atetn̄štortr | ⲁⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ auštortr | ⲁ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ a- štortr |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pištortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pk̄štortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄peštortr, m̄pr̄štortr | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pf̄štortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄ps̄štortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pn̄štortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄petn̄štortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pouštortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pe- štortr |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eaïštortr | ⲉⲁⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eakštortr | ⲉⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉⲁⲣϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eaštortr, earštortr, eareštortr | ⲉⲁϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eafštortr | ⲉⲁⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ easštortr | ⲉⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eanštortr | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eatetn̄štortr | ⲉⲁⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eauštortr | ⲉⲁ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ea- štortr |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄pištortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄pk̄štortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄peštortr, em̄pr̄štortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄pf̄štortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄ps̄štortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄pn̄štortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄petn̄štortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄pouštortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄pe- štortr |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ entaïštortr, n̄taïštortr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ entakštortr, n̄takštortr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ entaštortr, n̄taštortr, entarštortr, n̄tarštortr, entareštortr, n̄tareštortr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ entafštortr, n̄tafštortr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ entasštortr, n̄tasštortr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ entanštortr, n̄tanštortr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ entatetn̄štortr, n̄tatetn̄štortr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ entauštortr, n̄tauštortr | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ enta- štortr, n̄ta- štortr |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄pištortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄pk̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄peštortr, etem̄pr̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄pf̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄ps̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄pn̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄petn̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄pouštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄pe- štortr |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ neaïštortr | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ neakštortr | ⲛⲉⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ neaštortr, nearštortr, neareštortr | ⲛⲉⲁϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ neafštortr | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ neasštortr | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ neanštortr | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ neatetn̄štortr | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ neauštortr | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nea- štortr |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄pištortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄pk̄štortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄peštortr, nem̄pr̄štortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄pf̄štortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄ps̄štortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄pn̄štortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄petn̄štortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄pouštortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄pe- štortr |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄taïštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄takštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄taštortr, n̄tarštortr, n̄tareštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄tafštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄tasštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄tanštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄tatetn̄štortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄tauštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄ta- štortr |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄patištortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄patk̄štortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pateštortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄patf̄štortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pats̄štortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄patn̄štortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄patetn̄štortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄patouštortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pate- štortr |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄patištortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄patk̄štortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄pateštortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄patf̄štortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄pats̄štortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄patn̄štortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄patetn̄štortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄patouštortr | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ em̄pate- štortr |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄patištortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄patk̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄pateštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄patf̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄pats̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄patn̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄patetn̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄patouštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etem̄pate- štortr |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄patištortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄patk̄štortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄pateštortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄patf̄štortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄pats̄štortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄patn̄štortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄patetn̄štortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄patouštortr | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nem̄pate- štortr |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šaïštortr | ϣⲁⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šakštortr | ϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šareštortr | ϣⲁϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šafštortr | ϣⲁⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šasštortr | ϣⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šanštortr | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šatetn̄štortr | ϣⲁⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šauštortr | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šare- štortr |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ meïštortr | ⲙⲉⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ mekštortr | ⲙⲉⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ mereštortr | ⲙⲉϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ mefštortr | ⲙⲉⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ mesštortr | ⲙⲉⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ menštortr | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ metetn̄štortr | ⲙⲉⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ meuštortr | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ mere- štortr |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ešaïštortr | ⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ešakštortr | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ešareštortr | ⲉϣⲁϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ešafštortr | ⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ešasštortr | ⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ešanštortr | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ešatetn̄štortr | ⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ešauštortr | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ešare- štortr |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emeïštortr | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emekštortr | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emereštortr | ⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emefštortr | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emesštortr | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emenštortr | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emetetn̄štortr | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emeuštortr | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emere- štortr |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etešaïštortr, ešaïštortr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etešakštortr, ešakštortr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etešareštortr, ešareštortr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉϣⲁϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etešafštortr, ešafštortr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etešasštortr, ešasštortr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etešanštortr, ešanštortr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etešatetn̄štortr, ešatetn̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etešauštortr, ešauštortr | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etešare- štortr, ešare- štortr |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etemeïštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etemekštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etemereštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etemefštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etemesštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etemenštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etemetetn̄štortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etemeuštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etemere- štortr |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nešaïštortr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nešakštortr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nešareštortr | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nešafštortr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nešasštortr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nešanštortr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nešatetn̄štortr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nešauštortr | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nešare- štortr |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nemeïštortr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nemekštortr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nemereštortr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nemefštortr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nemesštortr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nemenštortr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nemetetn̄štortr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nemeuštortr | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ nemere- štortr |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emeïštortr | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emekštortr | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emereštortr | ⲉⲙⲉϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emefštortr | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emesštortr | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emenštortr | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emetetn̄štortr | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emeuštortr | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ emere- štortr |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eïeštortr | ⲉⲕⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ekeštortr | ⲉⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ereštortr | ⲉϥⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ efeštortr | ⲉⲥⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eseštortr | ⲉⲛⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eneštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etetneštortr | ⲉⲩⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eueštortr | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ere- štortr |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄naštortr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄nekštortr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄neštortr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄nefštortr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄nesštortr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄nenštortr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄netn̄štortr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄neuštortr | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄ne- štortr |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ marištortr | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ marefštortr | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ maresštortr | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ marn̄štortr | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ marouštortr | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ mare- štortr |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pr̄traštortr | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pr̄trefštortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pr̄tresštortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pr̄trenštortr | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pr̄treuštortr | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ m̄pr̄tre- štortr |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲧⲁϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄taštortr, taštortr | ⲛ̄ⲅϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄gštortr, n̄kštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄teštortr | ⲛ̄ϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄fštortr | ⲛ̄ⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄sštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄tn̄štortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄tetn̄štortr | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄seštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄te- štortr |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ tarištortr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ tarekštortr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ tareštortr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ tarefštortr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ taresštortr | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ tarn̄štortr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ taretn̄štortr | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ tarouštortr | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ tare- štortr |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄terištortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄terekštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄tereštortr, n̄tererštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄terefštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄teresštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄tern̄štortr, n̄terenštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄teretn̄štortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄terouštortr | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ n̄tere- štortr |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šantištortr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šantk̄štortr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šanteštortr | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šantf̄štortr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šants̄štortr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šantn̄štortr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šantetn̄štortr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šantouštortr | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ šante- štortr |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eïšanštortr | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ekšanštortr | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eršanštortr, erešanštortr | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ efšanštortr | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ esšanštortr | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ enšanštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etetn̄šanštortr | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eušanštortr | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eršan- štortr |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ eïštortr | ⲉⲕϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ekštortr | ⲉⲣⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ereštortr | ⲉϥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ efštortr | ⲉⲥϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ esštortr | ⲉⲛϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ enštortr | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ etetn̄štortr | ⲉⲩϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ euštortr | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ere- štortr |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

#### Related terms

* ⲁⲧϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ (atštortr)
* ⲙⲛⲧϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ (mntštortr)
* ⲣϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ (rštortr)
* ϯϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ (tištortr)
* ϣⲧⲣⲧⲓⲣ (štrtir), ϣⲧⲉⲣⲧⲓⲣ (štertir)

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 597
* TLA lemma no. C6120 (ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA), (accessed 2024-09-01).
* TLA lemma no. C6121 (ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA), (accessed 2024-09-01).