# しまう
## Japanese

* Alternative spellings
* 終う 了う 仕舞う

### Etymology 1

From root shim-, cognate with classical verb 締む (shimu, “to fasten, tighten”) and modern verb 閉まる (shimaru, “to be closed”) +‎ ふ (fu, auxiliary verb indicating repetition or ongoing action).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しまう [shìmáú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕima̠ɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「しまう」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | しまう | しまう | [shìmáú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | しまえ | しまえ | [shìmáé] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | しまわれる | しまわれる | [shìmáwárérú] |
| Causative | しまわせる | しまわせる | [shìmáwásérú] |
| Potential | しまえる | しまえる | [shìmáérú] |
| Volitional | しまおう | しまおー | [shìmáóꜜò] |
| Negative | しまわない | しまわない | [shìmáwánáí] |
| Negative perfective | しまわなかった | しまわなかった | [shìmáwánáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | しまいます | しまいます | [shìmáímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | しまった | しまった | [shìmáttá] |
| Conjunctive | しまって | しまって | [shìmátté] |
| Hypothetical conditional | しまえば | しまえば | [shìmáéꜜbà] |

#### Verb

しまう • (shimau) godan (stem しまい (shimai), past しまった (shimatta))
* to close
* to finish, do something completely
* to put away, to put an end to
* (auxiliary) after the conjunctive て (-te) form of a verb:
** is, or was (with conjugation), done completely
** happens, or happened, unexpectedly
    彼(かの)女(じょ)は大(おお)阪(さか)に行(い)ってしまいました。 ― Kanojo wa Ōsaka ni itte shimaimashita. ― She just (up and) went to Osaka.
** is done with difficulty
** happens, or is done with regret afterward; end up
    あなたは笑(わら)われてしまうでしょう。 ― anata wa warawarete shimau deshō. ― You will be laughed at (and you won't like it).

##### Usage notes

* Usually written in hiragana.
* The auxiliary use is always appended to the conjunctive (-te form) of a verb.
* てしまう (-te shimau) and でしまう (-de shimau) can be contracted to ちゃう (-chau) and ぢゃう (-jau). These two forms conjugate like godan verbs and are often used in casual speech.
    忘(わす)れちゃった！ ― wasurechatta! ― I forgot!
* There are also ちまう (-chimau) and ぢまう (-jimau), which sound old-fashioned.
    風船(ふうせん)が飛(と)んぢまった！ ― fūsen ga tonjimatta! ― The balloon blew away!
* Due to changes in spelling rules during the 20th century, the voiced versions ぢゃう (-jau) and ぢまう (-jimau) may be more commonly encountered as じゃう (-jau) and じまう (-jimau).

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | しまわ | shimawa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | しまい | shimai |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | しまう | shimau |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | しまう | shimau |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | しまえ | shimae |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | しまえ | shimae |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | しまわれる | shimawareru |
| Causative | しまわせる しまわす | shimawaseru shimawasu |
| Potential | しまえる | shimaeru |
| Volitional | しまおう | shimaō |
| Negative | しまわない | shimawanai |
| Negative continuative | しまわず | shimawazu |
| Formal | しまいます | shimaimasu |
| Perfective | しまった | shimatta |
| Conjunctive | しまって | shimatte |
| Hypothetical conditional | しまえば | shimaeba |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | しまは | しまは | simafa |
| Continuative (連用形) | しまひ | しまひ | simafi |
| Terminal (終止形) | しまふ | しまふ | simafu |
| Attributive (連体形) | しまふ | しまふ | simafu |
| Realis (已然形) | しまへ | しまへ | simafe |
| Imperative (命令形) | しまへ | しまへ | simafe |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | しまはず | しまはず | simafazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | しまへど | しまへど | simafedo |
| Causal conjunction | しまへば | しまへば | simafeba |
| Conditional conjunction | しまはば | しまはば | simafaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | しまひき | しまひき | simafiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | しまひけり | しまひけり | simafikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | しまひつ | しまひつ | simafitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | しまひぬ | しまひぬ | simafinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | しまへり しまひたり | しまへり しまひたり | simaferi simafitari |
| Volitional | しまはむ | しまはむ | simafamu |

##### Derived terms

* しまい (shimai)
* ちまう (chimau)
* しまった (shimatta)
* しもうた (shimouta)

### Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of しまう – see the following entries. :
| 【鷙猛しもう】 | [adjective] (rare) fierce; cruel; violent |
(This term, しまう (simau), is a historical kana spelling of the above term.) :
(The following entry is uncreated: 四孟.)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN