# 羅馬
## Chinese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian Roma (“Rome”) or Latin Roma (“Rome”). Possible doublet of 拂菻 (Fúlǐn) (see page for details).
Attested as 羅瑪／罗玛 in 16th and 17th century works, although Kunyu Wanguo Quantu [1602] has 羅馬／罗马.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): Luómǎ
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): Луәма (Luəma, I-II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lo$^4$ maa$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Lò-mâ
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lo$^2$ ma$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): Lô̤-mǎ
* Eastern Min (BUC): Lò̤-mā
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Lô-má
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$lu-ma
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Luómǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Luómǎ
*** Wade–Giles: Lo$^2$-ma$^3$
*** Yale: Lwó-mǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Luomaa
*** Palladius: Лома (Loma)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: Луәма (Luəma, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /luə²⁴ ma⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lo$^4$ maa$^5$
*** Yale: lòh máh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lo$^4$ maa$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lo$^4$ ma$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔː²¹ maː¹³/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$羅馬／罗马 騾馬／骡马
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Lò-mâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: lo$^ˇ$ ma$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lo$^2$ ma$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /lo¹¹ ma²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: lo$^2$ ma$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /lo¹¹ ma⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Lô̤-mǎ
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔ³³ ma²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Lò̤-mā
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃o⁵³⁻³³ ma³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lô-má
*** Tâi-lô: Lô-má
*** Phofsit Daibuun: loimar
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo¹³⁻²² mã⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lo²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$lu-ma
*** MiniDict: lu$^去$ ma
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$lu-ma
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lu²² ma⁴⁴/

### Proper noun

羅馬
* Rome (a city, the capital of Italy)

### Adjective

羅馬
* (attributive) Roman (pertaining to Rome or the Roman empire)
** 1829, 尚德 [Walter Henry Medhurst], 東西史記和合, page 21:
       Ā'èsètǔ wéi Luómǎ shǐhuáng, zhōuwéi bǎi guó, jiē wéi zhī miè, gùcǐ chēng dìwáng, yú xītiān yǐ. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Derived terms

* 古羅馬／古罗马 (Gǔ Luómǎ)
* 條條大路通羅馬／条条大路通罗马 (tiáotiáo dàlù tōng Luómǎ)
* 羅馬人／罗马人
* 羅馬公教／罗马公教 (Luómǎ Gōngjiào)
* 羅馬化／罗马化 (luómǎhuà)
* 羅馬字／罗马字 (luómǎzì)
* 羅馬字母／罗马字母 (Luómǎ Zìmǔ)
* 羅馬帝國／罗马帝国 (Luómǎ Dìguó)
* 羅馬數字／罗马数字 (luómǎ shùzì)
* 羅馬書／罗马书 (Luómǎshū)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 羅 | 馬 |
| ろお Grade: S (ateji) | ま Grade: 2 (ateji) |
| irregular ||

### Etymology

Ateji (当て字), from Chinese 羅馬／罗马 (Luómǎ).
For pronunciation and definitions of 羅馬 – see the following entry. :
| 【ローマ】 | [proper noun] Rome |
(This term, 羅馬, is an alternative spelling (obsolete) of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 羅 | 馬 |

### Proper noun

羅馬 • (Nama) (hangeul 나마)
* hanja form of 나마 (“(South Korea) Rome”)

### Proper noun

羅馬 • (Rama) (hangeul 라마)
* hanja form of 라마 (“(North Korea) Rome”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 羅 | 馬 |

### Proper noun

羅馬
* chữ Hán form of La Mã (“Rome, the Roman Empire”).