# -je
## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* -ie (informal)

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Suffix

-je n (plural -jes)
* Alternative form of -tje

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jɛ]
* Rhymes: -jɛ

### Suffix

-je
* Possessive (and genitive) suffix: [from 1055]
** (with no possessor or with the 3rd‑person pronoun as possessor, usually construed with the definite article) his, her, its …
    ház → (a) háza, az ő háza (“his/her/its house”) élet → (az) élete, az ő élete (“his/her/its life”) barát → (a) barátja (“his/her/its friend”) kapu → (a) kapuja (“his/her/its gate”) palota → (a) palotája (“his/her/its palace”) kert → (a) kertje (“his/her/its garden”) betű → (a) betűje (“his/her/its letter”) vese → (a) veséje (“his/her/its kidney”)
** (with a singular possessor) …-'s, of … (third-person singular, single possession)
    Anna háza (“Anna’s house”), a felkelő nap háza (“the house of the rising sun”) Anna élete (“Anna’s life”), a város élete (“the life of the city”) a király palotája (“the king’s palace”) a ház kapuja (“the gate of the house”) Anna kertje (“Anna’s garden”), a tulipán kertje (“the garden of the tulip”)
** (with a plural possessor) …-s’, of …-s (third-person plural, single possession)
    a szüleim háza (“my parents’ house”), a trópusi növények háza (“[the] house of [the] tropical plants”, literally “the tropical plants’ house”) a szüleim élete (“my parents’ lives”, literally “my parents’ life”), a könyvek élete (“[the] lives of [the] books”, literally “the books’ life”) az uralkodók palotája (“the rulers’ palace”) a szüleim kertje (“my parents’ garden”), Az elágazó ösvények kertje (“The Garden of Forking Paths”)
** (with instantaneous time expressions) … ago (referring to a preceding point in time considered as an instant)
    Egy évszázada / két éve / egy órája / sok/hosszú ideje ment el. ― S/he left one century / two years / one hour / a long time ago.
    Synonym: -val/-vel ezelőtt, e.g. egy évszázaddal, két évvel ezelőtt
** (with durative time expressions) for … (referring to some duration that precedes the point of time in question)
    Egy évszázada / két éve / egy órája / sok/hosszú ideje várunk rád. ― We have been waiting for you for a century / two years / an hour / a long time.
    Synonym: óta (less common in this sense; more commonly means “since”)
** (mostly with quantities, often following -ik) of …, out of … (partitive sense)
    Synonym: (only with countable quantities) közül
    jó (jav-) (“the greater/better part”) → a java még hátravan (“the best/bulk is yet to come”, literally “its best/bulk is…”)
    legnagyobbik (“the biggest one”) → a bikák legnagyobbika (“the biggest [one] of the bulls”, synonymous with a legnagyobb bika)

#### Usage notes

* (possessive suffix) Variants:
    -a is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -e is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ja is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-; final -o changes to -ó-.
    -je is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-; final -ö changes to -ő-.
** This suffix (in all forms) is normally used for the third-person singular possessive (single possession) but, after an explicit plural possessor, it also expresses the third-person plural possessive (single possession), e.g. “the children’s ball” (a gyerekek labdája). If the possessor is implicit (not named, only marked by a suffix), the plural possessive suffix must be used, e.g. “their ball” (a labdájuk, see -juk and its variants).

#### Declension
### Suffix

-je
* (personal suffix) Used to form the definite third-person singular present tense of front-vowel verbs (in subjunctive mood).

#### Usage notes

* (personal suffix) See harmonic variants and the assimilation of j in the table below.
| Person | Person | Back vowel | Front vowel |
| én | 1st person singular | -jam | -jem |
| te | 2nd person singular | -d | -d |
| te | long form | -jad | -jed |
| ő maga / ön | 3rd person singular | -ja | -je |
| mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -jétek |
| ők maguk / önök | 3rd person plural | -ják | -jék |
| See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. ||||
| Verb ending | Assimilation rules of -j | Assimilation rules of -j | Assimilation rules of -j |
| s sz z dz | The -j assimilates to the verb ending:   keres →‎ keress   metsz →‎ metssz   hoz →‎ hozz   edz →‎ eddz (No change in the short -d form of 2nd-person singular definite: keresd, metszd, hozd, edzd.) | The -j assimilates to the verb ending:   keres →‎ keress   metsz →‎ metssz   hoz →‎ hozz   edz →‎ eddz (No change in the short -d form of 2nd-person singular definite: keresd, metszd, hozd, edzd.) | The -j assimilates to the verb ending:   keres →‎ keress   metsz →‎ metssz   hoz →‎ hozz   edz →‎ eddz (No change in the short -d form of 2nd-person singular definite: keresd, metszd, hozd, edzd.) |
| st szt | The -t is removed, the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz:   fest →‎ fess   fáraszt →‎ fárassz Short -d forms: fesd, fáraszd. | The -t is removed, the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz:   fest →‎ fess   fáraszt →‎ fárassz Short -d forms: fesd, fáraszd. | The -t is removed, the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz:   fest →‎ fess   fáraszt →‎ fárassz Short -d forms: fesd, fáraszd. |
| long vowel + t or consonant + t | The -j becomes -s:   segít →‎ segíts   bont →‎ bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss Short -d forms: segítsd, bontsd; lásd, bocsásd. | The -j becomes -s:   segít →‎ segíts   bont →‎ bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss Short -d forms: segítsd, bontsd; lásd, bocsásd. | The -j becomes -s:   segít →‎ segíts   bont →‎ bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss Short -d forms: segítsd, bontsd; lásd, bocsásd. |
| short vowel + t | Both the stem-final -t and the -j become -s:   mutat → mutass, szeret → szeress Short -d forms: mutasd, szeresd. | Both the stem-final -t and the -j become -s:   mutat → mutass, szeret → szeress Short -d forms: mutasd, szeresd. | Both the stem-final -t and the -j become -s:   mutat → mutass, szeret → szeress Short -d forms: mutasd, szeresd. |

### See also

* Category:Hungarian noun forms
* Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes

## Kayapó
### Etymology

From Proto-Northern Jê *de (“ergative, stimulus”).

### Pronunciation

IPA: [-jɛ]

### Suffix

-je
* out of (stimulus)

#### Derived terms

* kurêje
* pymaje, umaje
* kraxje

## Lower Sorbian
### Suffix

-je
* -ly (used to turn an adjective into an adverb of manner)

#### Usage notes

The j of this suffix merges with certain preceding consonants to create palatalized consonants not followed by j:
* d + j → ź
* zd + j → zdź
* g + j → z
* k + j → c
* ch + j → š
* ł + j → l
* t + j → ś
* st + j → sć

#### Synonyms

* -o

#### Derived terms
## Saterland Frisian
### Etymology

From Old Frisian -ia, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōn. Cognates include West Frisian -e and German -en.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-jə/

### Suffix

-je (type 1 form -e)
* Used to form verbs from nouns and adjectives.

#### Conjugation

For verbs ending in -n, -l and -r:
For verbs ending in other consonants:

#### Derived terms
### References

* Horst Haider Munske, editor (2001), “Das Saterfriesische”, in Handbuch des Friesischen [Handbook of Frisian studies], Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, →ISBN, page 414

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje.

### Suffix

-je (Cyrillic spelling -је)
* Suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually denoting a young animal, plant, place name or is used as a collective noun.

### See also

* -e

## West Frisian
### Etymology

From Old Frisian -ia, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną, from various Proto-Indo-European suffixes.

### Suffix

-je
* Forms verbs from nouns and adjectives. The stem of the word itself does not change.

#### Derived terms
## Ye'kwana
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [-he]

### Suffix

-je
* serves as an attributivizer to convert nouns into adverbs that can serve as attributes of other nouns or adverbial complements to a clause
* serves as an attributivizer to allow verbs nominalized with -tojo to function adverbially as a predicate in a subordinate clause of purpose with the meaning ‘in order to X’, ‘for X-ing’
    Synonym: -me
* serves as an attributivizer to allow borrowed verbs to function adverbially as a predicate when subordinated to ö'dü (for intransitive use) or üdü (for transitive use)

#### Usage notes

Unlike -me, with which it is sometimes interchangeable, this suffix does not usually cause syllable reduction, though it occasionally does when following the plural marker -komo. Phonologically it is a clitic rather than a suffix.

#### Derived terms
### References

* Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “⸗je”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon, pages 81–82, 136–137, 145–146, 254–255, 441