# 開講
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kāijiǎng
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ ㄐㄧㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi$^1$ gong$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khai-káng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kāijiǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ㄐㄧㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kaijiǎng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻai$^1$-chiang$^3$
*** Yale: kāi-jyǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaijeang
*** Palladius: кайцзян (kajczjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoi$^1$ gong$^2$
*** Yale: hōi góng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoi$^1$ gong$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hoi$^1$ gong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khai-káng
*** Tâi-lô: khai-káng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qai'karng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai³³ kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

### Verb

開講
* to begin lecturing or story-telling; to start on a story
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to chat

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 聊, 閒談, 聊天, 談天, 閒聊, 攀談, 扯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 聊天兒, 拉呱, 拉呱兒, 嘮嗑兒, 扯句兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 聊天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 聊天, 嘮嗑兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 聊天兒, 嘮嗑兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 閒拉, 閒扯, 嘮嗑兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 聊天兒, 嘮嗑兒, 嘮嗑, 閒扯, 瞎聊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 談天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 搭咯 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 聊天兒, 談天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 聊天兒, 談天兒, 閒扯, 瞎聊, 說閒話兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 聊天兒, 說話兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 談天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 拉呱兒, 拉拉, 拉, 聊天兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 拉呱兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 拉呱, 拉呱兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 談天兒, 聊天兒, 說閒話兒, 扯卵蛋, 拍話兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 閒諞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 說閒話兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 聊天兒, 談天兒, 閒扯, 瞎聊, 拉閒話, 諞閒傳, 諞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 喧話, 喧板, 諞傳, 諞, 扯雜, 扯乾蛋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 聊天兒, 拉呱兒, 閒侃, 閒扯 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 扯磨, 諞閒傳, 𠷨, 閒諞 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 聊天, 扯閒談, 喧官, 諞傳, 諞閒傳, 諞乾傳, 閒諞, 諞 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 閒扯, 喧荒, 閒諞, 諞傳子, 諞, 喧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 擺龍門陣, 擺談, 擺, 衝殼子, 吹殼子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 吹牛兒, 擺龍門陣, 吹空老靠 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 談天, 閒扯, 談家常, 聒天, 閒聒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 擺龍門陣, 衝殼子, 吹殼子, 衝牛殼, 吹牛殼, 吹牛, 閒扯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 聊天, 談天, 扯閒, 衝殼子, 譜賓白 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 扯談, 談板路, 扯板路, 聒聊天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 聒聊天, 扯大炮, 傾偈, 聊天, 扯淡, 講嘴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 聊天, 閒扯, 聒白, 聒聒, 聒聒白, 拉呱, 吹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 聊天, 談天, 談心, 閒扯, 吹牛, 吹, 沰談話 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 聊天, 講閒話, 閒談, 扯呱 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 閒談, 聒淡, 聒聒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 傾偈, 打牙骹, 黐牙音 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 傾偈, 打牙骹, 吹水 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 打牙交 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 傾偈, 打牙骹 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 傾偈, 打牙骹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 講時聞, 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 傾偈, 打牙骹 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 傾偈, 打牙骹 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 講嘴, 傾偈, 傾 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 傾 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 傾偈, 車大炮 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 傾偈, 傾低, 車大炮 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 傾偈, 傾一傾 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 傾 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 傾偈 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 談坨, 談天 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 話閒事, 學事 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 打閒講 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 閒談, 講閒談, 講牙蛇 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 講閒談 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 傾偈 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 打牙花 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 講閒話 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 打牙骹 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 打牙花 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 傾偈 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 閒尞 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 講閒談, 講仙天 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 講閒談 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 閒談 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 喥牙談, 講嘴哩 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 講閒談 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 閒談 |
| Hakka | Changting | 講閒談 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 講閒談 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 講閒談 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 聊天 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 吵天, 打吱喳 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 嘈閒天 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 談閒天 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 講閒天 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 打嘴鼓, 譫哆 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 打嘴鼓, 譫哆 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 打嘴鼓 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 打嘴鼓 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 打嘴鼓, 閒談 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 打嘴鼓, 譫哆 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 打嘴鼓, 譫哆 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 打嘴鼓, 譫哆 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 答嘴鼓, 答詑 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 講水古 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 車大炮 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 傾偈, 車大炮 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 尞 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 談天, 聒談 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 談天, 談心 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 倒楔 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 閒扯, 圪扯, 閒叨拉, 閒拍達, 閒拉呱, 叨拉, 拍達, 拉呱, 胡叨拉 |
| Jin | Linhe | 拉話, 閒拍 |
| Jin | Jining | 瞎聊 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 搗拉, 拉呱 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 拉閒話 |
| Jin | Handan | 聊天兒, 談天 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 冇講, 講故事 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 攀講, 講症 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 攀講 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 攀講 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 冇談, 練仙, 答喙鼓, 拍喙鼓, 觸喙鼓, 拍拉涼, 敲嘓, 練牙, 練㾪牙, 練㾪話, 練戇話, 喝仙 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 喝仙 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 冇談, 練仙, 答喙鼓, 拍喙鼓, 敲嘓, 練㾪話, 喝仙 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 練仙, 答喙鼓, 拍喙鼓, 觸喙鼓, 敲嘓, 練牙, 練㾪話, 喝仙 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 拍嘓, 設潲 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 開講, 答喙鼓, 敲虎𡳞 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 破豆, 開講, 答喙鼓, 畫虎𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 破豆, 開講, 答喙鼓, 畫虎𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 開講, 畫虎𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 畫虎𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 開講, 破豆 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 開講, 畫虎𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 開講 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 答喙鼓, 開講 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 開講, 畫虎𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 傾偈 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 敲嘓, 傾偈 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 講古 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 傾偈 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 詖閒話 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 詖話, 䛩奅 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 詖話 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 拍法 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 敲嘓, 詖涼詖熱 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 講四方, 講善喻, 傾談 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 傾偈 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 傾偈 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 聊天 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 講張, 茄山河, 講閒話 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 講神 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 講張 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 扯, 扯老空 |
| Wu | Danyang | 談閒 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 談天 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 講大道, 講聊天, 談山海經 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 講閒談 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 談天 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 講白搭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 扯閒談, 扯談, 扯經, 扯粟殼 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 扯談 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 談天, 談平, 打講, 打平講, 扯談 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 扯談, 打講 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 談白, 聊天 |

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 開 | 講 |
| かい Grade: 3 | こう Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かいこー [kàíkóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠iko̞ː]

### Noun

開(かい)講(こう) • (kaikō)
* (education) start of a new course

#### Antonyms

* 閉講(へいこう) (heikō)

### Verb

開(かい)講(こう)する • (kaikō suru) suru (stem 開(かい)講(こう)し (kaikō shi), past 開(かい)講(こう)した (kaikō shita))
* start a new course

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 開講し | かいこうし | kaikō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 開講し | かいこうし | kaikō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 開講する | かいこうする | kaikō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 開講する | かいこうする | kaikō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 開講すれ | かいこうすれ | kaikō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 開講せよ¹ 開講しろ² | かいこうせよ¹ かいこうしろ² | kaikō seyo¹ kaikō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 開講される | かいこうされる | kaikō sareru |
| Causative | 開講させる 開講さす | かいこうさせる かいこうさす | kaikō saseru kaikō sasu |
| Potential | 開講できる | かいこうできる | kaikō dekiru |
| Volitional | 開講しよう | かいこうしよう | kaikō shiyō |
| Negative | 開講しない | かいこうしない | kaikō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 開講せず | かいこうせず | kaikō sezu |
| Formal | 開講します | かいこうします | kaikō shimasu |
| Perfective | 開講した | かいこうした | kaikō shita |
| Conjunctive | 開講して | かいこうして | kaikō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 開講すれば | かいこうすれば | kaikō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN