# جرجس
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek Γεώργιος (Geṓrgios).

#### Alternative forms

* جَاوْرْجِيُوس (jāwrjiyūs)
* جُورْج (jōrj) (especially Lebanon)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒur.d͡ʒus/
* (Egypt) IPA: [ˈɡɪrɡɪs]

#### Proper noun

جُرْجُس • (jurjus) m
* (Saint) George, a legendary Christian martyr
* a male given name from Ancient Greek, equivalent to English George

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Aramaic גַּרְגִּישְׁתָּא (gargīštā) / ܓܰܪܓܶܫܬܴܐ (gargeštā), of unknown origin.

#### Alternative forms

* قِرْقِس (qirqis)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒir.d͡ʒis/

#### Noun

جِرْجِس • (jirjis) m (obsolete)
* sealing earth, terra sigillata
* a kind of lunt or fuse from rope grass
** c. 910, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Faqīh al-Hamaḏānī, Kitāb al-Buldān‎:وَمِنْ عَجَائِبِ مِصْرَ : حَشِيشَةٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا ٱلدِّيسُ ، يُتَّخَذُ مِنْهَا حِبَالٌ لِلسُّفُنِ ، تُسَمَّى تِلْكَ ٱلْحِبَالُ ٱلْقِرْقِسُ، يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ ٱلْقِرْقِسِ قِطْعَةٌ فَيُشْعَلُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ كَٱلشَّمْعِ ، ثُمَّ يُطْفِئُ فَيَمْكُثُ سَائِرَ ٱللَّيْلِ ، فَإِذَا ٱحْتَاجُوا إِلَيْهِ أَخَذُوا طَرَفَهُ فَأَدَارُوهُ كَٱلْمِخْرَاقِ.wamin ʕajāʔibi miṣra : ḥašīšatun yuqālu lahā d-dīsu , yuttaḵaḏu minhā ḥibālun li-s-sufuni , tusammā tilka l-ḥibālu l-qirqisu, yuʔḵaḏu mina l-qirqisi qiṭʕatun fayušʕalu bayna ʔaydīhim kaš-šamʕi , ṯumma yuṭfiʔu fayamkuṯu sāʔira l-layli , faʔiḏā ḥtājū ʔilayhi ʔaḵaḏū ṭarafahu faʔadārūhu kal-miḵrāqi.Of the wonders of Egypt, there is a grass called diss, and one makes from it ropes for ships, these ropes are called qirqis, one takes from the qirqis a piece and torches it like a candle between the hands, then one extinguishes and it bides the whole night; if you need to put it to use then you take its tip and twist it like a kerchief to burn.

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

From Classical Syriac ܓܰܪܓܳܣܴܐ (gargāsā, “a type of gnats”), ultimately probably onomatopoeic. Compare Jewish Babylonian Aramaic דגירגצא, גירגצא, גרגצא.

#### Alternative forms

* قِرْقِس (qirqis)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒir.d͡ʒis/

#### Noun

جِرْجِس • (jirjis) m (collective, singulative جِرْجِسَة f (jirjisa))
* (Syria, obsolete) any Nematocera insect: crane flies, gnats, mosquitoes
    Synonyms: بَعُوض (baʕūḍ), (Iraq) بَقّ (baqq), نَامُوس (nāmūs), بَرْغَش (barḡaš), خَمُوش (ḵamūš)
** 660–688, Qays Ibn Al-Malawwaḥ ?, quoted by Ibn Duraid’s jamhara al-luġa and aṣ-Ṣaġānī's ʕubāb az-zāḫir wa-lubāb al-fāḫir:فَلَيْتَ ٱلْأَفَاعِي يَعْضَضْنَنَا … مَكَانَ البَرَاغِيثِ وَٱلْقِرْقِسِ يُحَرَّمْنَ جَنْبِيَّ نَوْمَ الْفِرَاشِ … وَيُؤْذِينَ جِسْمِيَ إِنْ أَجْلَسِfalayta l-ʔafāʕī yaʕḍaḍnanā … makāna l-barāḡīṯi wal-qirqisi yuḥarramna janbiyya nawma l-firāši … wayuʔḏīna jismiya ʔin ʔajlasiIf only the vipers bit us … at the place of gnats and midges! They would have saved my sides for bed-sleep … and allow my chain to sit
* bimaculated lark (Melanocorypha bimaculata), of which Melanocorypha bimaculata subsp. rufescens occurs in summer in Arabia and Northeastern Africa and in the Northern and Western edges of Greater Syria in winter, a gamebird, the other subspecies Melanocorypha bimaculata subsp. bimaculata East and South of the Caspian Sea)

##### Declension
#### References

* جرجس (اسم) on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{ar}$
* “grgšh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “grgs”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “جرجس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 182
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 252
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “جرجس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 263
* Freytag, Georg (1837) “قرقس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 263
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “جرجس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 275
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “قرقس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 723
* Shirihai, Hadoram, Svensson, Lars (2018) Handbook of Western Palearctic Birds. Volume 1: Passerines: Larks to Warblers, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 57