# 矮

| 矮 | U+77EE, &#30702; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77EE |
| ← 短 [U+77ED] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 矯 → [U+77EF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

矮 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人大竹木女 (OKHDV), four-corner 8244$_4$, composition ⿰矢委)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 825, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23995
* Dae Jaweon: page 1238, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2585, character 7
* Unihan data for U+77EE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 矮 | *qraːlʔ |
| 躷 | *qraːlʔ |
| 捼 | *noːl, *nuːl, *njul |
| 倭 | *qoːl, *qoːlʔ, *qrol |
| 涹 | *qoːl |
| 踒 | *qoːl |
| 餧 | *nuːlʔ, *qrols |
| 諉 | *nols, *qrolʔ |
| 痿 | *njol, *qrol |
| 萎 | *qrol, *qrols |
| 逶 | *qrol |
| 覣 | *qrol |
| 蜲 | *qrol, *qrolʔ |
| 委 | *qrol, *qrolʔ |
| 緌 | *njul |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːlʔ) : semantic 矢 + phonetic 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): ǎi (ai$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄞˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ngai$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ai$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ái
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ai$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ā̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): óe / é / ái
    (Teochew, Peng'im): oi$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$a
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ǎi
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^3$
*** Yale: ǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ae
*** Palladius: ай (aj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ngai$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngaai
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋai⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ai$^2$
*** Yale: ái
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ai$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ei$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɐi̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ái
*** Hakka Romanization System: ai$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ai̯³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /aɪ³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ā̤
*** Sinological IPA : /ɛ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: óe
*** Tâi-lô: ué
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oea
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Kinmen): /ue⁵³/
*** IPA (Lukang): /ue⁵⁵/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ue⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: é
*** Tâi-lô: é
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ea
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan, Yilan): /e⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /e⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ái
*** Tâi-lô: ái
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ae
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ai⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ai⁵⁵⁴/
* óe/é - vernacular;
* ái - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit矮 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ai²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ai²¹³/ /nai²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /nai¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /iɛ⁵⁵/ /ŋɛ⁵⁵/ 新 |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iɛ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ŋai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /nɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɛ⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ai⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ŋai⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ŋai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ŋai⁴²/ /ai⁴²/ 新 |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /æ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ae²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʐe̞²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɣai⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ŋæ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ŋɛ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /a³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɑ⁵¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔie̞⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /a³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ŋa³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ŋa³¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ŋai⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ŋai⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ŋai²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ai³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ɑi³¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋɐi³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ɐi³⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /ŋɐi³⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ai⁵³/ /ue⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ɛ³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ai²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /oi⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ɔi²¹³/ |
* Middle Chinese: 'eaX
Rime :
| Character | 矮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 佳 (31) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 烏蟹切 |
| Baxter | 'eaX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠɛ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚæ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔæi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔaɨj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔɛ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ai$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔai$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǎ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | aai$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qraːlʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 矮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12885 |
| Phonetic component | 委 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 矮 |
| Old Chinese | /*qraːlʔ/ |

### Definitions

矮
* (of stature) short
    Antonym: 高 (gāo)
    他個子矮。／他个子矮。 ― Tā gèzi ǎi. ― He is short.
* low (of less than normal height)
    矮牆／矮墙 ― ǎi qiáng ― low wall
       zoeng$^1$ dang$^3$ taai$^3$ ai$^2$ laa$^3$. [Jyutping]
       The chair is too low.
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to fall short (compared to someone else)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 矮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 矮, 矬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 矮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 矮, 矬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 矮, 矬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 矮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 矮, 矬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 矮, 矬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 矮, 矬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 矮, 矬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 矮, 矬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 矮, 矬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 矮, 矬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 矮, 矬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 矮, 矬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 矮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 矮, 矬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 矮, 矬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 矮, 矬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 矬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 矬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 矮, 矬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 矮, 矬 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 矮 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 矮, 矬 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 矮, 矬 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 矮, 矬 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 矮, 矬 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 矮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 矮, 矬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 矮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 低 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 矬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 矮, 矬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 矮, 矬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 矮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 矮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 矮, 矬, 低 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 矮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 矮, 矬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 矮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 矮, 矬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 矮 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 矮, 矬 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 矮, 矬 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 矮, 矬 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 矬 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 矬, 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 矮, 矮矬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 矮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 矮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 矮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 矮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 矮, 矬 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 矮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 矮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 矮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 矮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 矮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 矮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 矮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 矮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 矮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 矮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 矮 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 矮 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 矮 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 矮 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 矮 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 矮 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 矮 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 矮 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 矮 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 矮 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 矮 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 矮 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 矮 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 矮 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 矮 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 矮 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 矮 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 矮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 矮, 低 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 矮, 矬 |
| Jin | Datong | 低 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 矮, 低 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 矮 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 矮, 低 |
| Jin | Linhe | 矬 |
| Jin | Jining | 矬 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 矬 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 矮, 矬 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 矬 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 矮, 矬 |
| Jin | Handan | 矮, 矬 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 矮 |
| Jin | Suide | 矮 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 矮 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 矮 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 矮 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 矮 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 矮 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 矮 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 矮 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 矮 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 矮, 短 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 矮 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 矮 |
| Wu | Danyang | 矮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 矮 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 矮 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 矮 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 短 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 矮 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 矮 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 矮 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 低 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 低 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 低 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 低 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 低 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 低 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 低 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 矮, 低 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 低, 矮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 低 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 低, 矮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 低 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 低 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 低 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 低 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 低 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 低, 矮 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 低, 矮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 低 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 矮 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 下, 矮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 下 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 下 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 下 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 下 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 下 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 下 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 下 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 下 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 下, 矮 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 下 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 下 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 下 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 下 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 低 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 低 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 低, 矮 |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 低, 矮 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 低, 矮 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 低, 矮, 下 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 低, 矮 |

#### See also

* 低 (dī)
* 短 (duǎn)

### Compounds

* 低矮 (dī'ǎi)
* 白矮星 (bái'ǎixīng)
* 矬矮
* 矮了半截
* 矮人 (ǎirén)
* 矮人一截
* 矮人族
* 矮人看場／矮人看场
* 矮人看戲／矮人看戏
* 矮人觀場／矮人观场 (ǎirénguānchǎng)
* 矮仔
* 矮仔財／矮仔财
* 矮個／矮个 (ǎigè)
* 矮個兒／矮个儿 (ǎigèr)
* 矮個子／矮个子 (ǎigèzi)
* 矮冬瓜 (ǎidōngguā)
* 矮凳 (ǎidèng)
* 矮化 (ǎihuà)
* 矮囝
* 矮垛垛
* 矮墩墩 (ǎidūndūn)
* 矮奴
* 矮子 (ǎizi)
* 矮子看戲／矮子看戏 (ǎizikànxì)
* 矮子觀場／矮子观场
* 矮小 (ǎixiǎo)
* 矮小精悍
* 矮屋
* 矮巴溜丟／矮巴溜丢
* 矮星 (ǎixīng)
* 矮牆／矮墙
* 矮牆淺屋／矮墙浅屋
* 矮矬 (ǎicuó)
* 矮矬子
* 矮矬矬
* 矮篤篤／矮笃笃
* 矮紙／矮纸
* 矮胖 (ǎipàng)
* 矮行星 (ǎixíngxīng)
* 矮趴趴
* 矮陋
* 矮靈祭／矮灵祭
* 矮黃／矮黄
* 矲矮／𰦜矮
* 觀場矮人／观场矮人
* 說矮話／说矮话
* 鄙矮
* 高矮 (gāo'ǎi)

### References

* “Entry #9769”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* small, little, dwarf

#### Readings

* Go-on: え (e)
* Kan-on: あい (ai)
* Kan’yō-on: わい (wai)
* Kun: ひくい (hikui, 矮い)、みじかい (mijikai, 矮い)

#### Compounds

* (small): 矮化, 矮躯, 矮小, 矮人, 矮星

## Korean
### Hanja

矮 • (wae) (hangeul 왜, McCune–Reischauer wae, Yale way)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

矮: Hán Nôm readings: ải
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.