# 下面
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiàmiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haa$^6$ min$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ě-bīn / ē-bīn / ēe-bīn / hǎ-biān / hā-biān / hēe-biān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ê$^6$ ming$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gho-mi
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xia$^5$ mienn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàmiàn → xiàmian (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋ → ㄒㄧㄚˋ ˙ㄇㄧㄢ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàmiån
*** Wade–Giles: hsia$^4$-mien$^5$
*** Yale: syà-myan
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiah.miann
*** Palladius: сямянь (sjamjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/ → /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ mi̯ɛn¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$下面 下麵／下面
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàmiànr → xiàmianr (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋㄦ → ㄒㄧㄚˋ ˙ㄇㄧㄢㄦ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàmiånr
*** Wade–Giles: hsia$^4$-mien$^5$-ʼrh
*** Yale: syà-myanr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiah.miall
*** Palladius: сямяньр (sjamjanʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɑɻ⁵¹/ → /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ mi̯ɑɻ¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haa$^6$ min$^6$
*** Yale: hah mihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haa$^6$ min$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ha$^6$ min$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /haː²² miːn²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ě-bīn
*** Tâi-lô: ě-bīn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /e²² bin⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ē-bīn
*** Tâi-lô: ē-bīn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: exbin
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /e³³⁻²¹ bin³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /e³³⁻¹¹ bin³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /e²²⁻²¹ bin²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ēe-bīn
*** Tâi-lô: ēe-bīn
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɛ²²⁻²¹ bin²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǎ-biān
*** Tâi-lô: hǎ-biān
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ha²² biɛn⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hā-biān
*** Tâi-lô: hā-biān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: haxbien
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ha²²⁻²¹ biɛn²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēe-biān
*** Tâi-lô: hēe-biān
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɛ²²⁻²¹ biɛn²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ê$^6$ ming$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ĕ mīng
*** Sinological IPA : /e³⁵⁻¹¹ miŋ¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gho-mi
*** MiniDict: gho$^去$ mi
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hho-mi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦo²² mi⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: xia$^5$ mienn
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ mi̯ẽ³/

#### Noun

下面
* underside; below; beneath; under
* next in order; following
* lower levels; subordinates
* private part

##### Synonyms

* (below):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 下面 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 底下, 下頭, 下邊兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 下面, 底下, 下頭, 下邊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 下面, 下面兒, 下邊兒拉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 下面 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 下面 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 下頭, 下邊兒, 底下 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 底下, 下邊, 下頭, 下面兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 下頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 底下 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 底下, 下頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 下頭, 底下 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 下頭, 底下 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 下頭, 底下 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 底下, 下頭, 下邊, 下面 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 底下, 下頭, 下邊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 下頭, 下邊, 底下, 下頭邊, 透底 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 底下 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 下面, 底下 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 下面 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 下面 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 底下, 下頭, 下面 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 底下 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 下頭, 底下 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 下便, 下低, 下底, 落便, 落邊, 落低 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 下便, 下低 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 下底 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 下面, 下便 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 下低, 下便 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 下低 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 下低, 下便 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 下便 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 下低, 下便 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 下便 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 下低 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 下便 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 下邊 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 下便 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 下便 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 下便 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 下便 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 下底, 下便 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 底下 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 下便, 瓦下 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 瓦下 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 打下, 下便 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 下便, 下底 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 下底 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 下便 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 下低 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 下便 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 下便 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 下頭, 底下, 下底 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 下背, 底下 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 下背 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 下底 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 底下, 腳下 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 下背 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 下邊 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 下邊 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 下背 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 下背, 底下 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 下背 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 下背 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 下背 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 下背 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 下背 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 下背 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 下頭 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 下頭 |
| Hakka | Changting | 下背 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 下背 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 下背 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 下背 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 下背 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 下邊, 下面 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 下里 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 下高 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 下交 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 下交, 下向 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 下腦 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 下背 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 底下 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 下里 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 下背, 下頭 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 下背, 下頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 下背, 下頭 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 下背, 下頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 下背, 下頭 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 下腳, 下頭 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 下邊 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 下面 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 䐁底 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 底下 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 下背 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Meixian) | 下背 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 底下 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 底下, 下頭, 下面 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 下頭, 底下 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 下邊, 下底 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 下底 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 下底 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 下底, 下頭 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 下底 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 下底 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 下爿 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 下面 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 下爿 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 下底 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 下底 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 下跤, 下面, 下底 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 下底 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 下跤, 下面, 下底 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 下跤, 下底 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 下底 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 底面, 底跤 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 下跤 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 下跤, 下面, 下底 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 下跤 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 下跤 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 下跤 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 下跤 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 下跤 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 下面 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 下面 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 下跤 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 下跤 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 下跤 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 下底 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 下跤, 下面, 下底 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 下跤, 下面, 下底 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 下爿 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 下爿, 下跤 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 下爿, 下跤 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 下爿 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 下跤 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 跤下 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 下爿 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 下跤 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 下爿 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 下邊 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 落頭, 下頭 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 底下, 下底 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 下頭, 下面, 下底, 下底頭, 底下, 底下頭, 下首 dated |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 下頭, 底下 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 下頭, 底下 |
| Wu | Danyang | 下頭 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 下頭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 下底, 下頭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 下面, 下轉 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 底下 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 下頭, 底下, 腳下 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 下頭, 底下, 柢下 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 下頭, 底下 |
* (next in order): 下邊／下边 (xiàbian)
* (subordinates):
* 下屬／下属 (xiàshǔ)
* 下級／下级 (xiàjí)
* 下跤手 (Hokkien)
* 下邊／下边
* 手下 (shǒuxià)
* 部下 (bùxià)
* 部屬／部属 (bùshǔ)
* 馬仔／马仔 (maa$^5$ zai$^2$) (Cantonese)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “subordinates”):
* 上司 (shàngsī)
* 上峰 (shàngfēng) (dated)
* 上級／上级 (shàngjí)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 下(か)面(めん) (kamen)
* → Korean: 하면(下面) (hamyeon)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 下面 – see 下麵 (“to cook noodles”). (This term is the simplified form of 下麵).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.