# xubha
## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-xubha$^?$
* (transitive) to brush

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǁuːba/

### Verb

-xubha
* (intransitive) to gargle
* (transitive) to clean (the teeth)

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuxubha |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuxubha | ukungaxubhi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | xubha | -xubhe |
| Plural | xubhani | -xubheni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaxubha, ngixubha | engixubhayo, engixubha | ngixubha | angixubhi | engingaxubhi | ngingaxubhi |
| 2nd singular | uyaxubha, uxubha | oxubhayo, oxubha | uxubha | awuxubhi | ongaxubhi | ungaxubhi |
| 1st plural | siyaxubha, sixubha | esixubhayo, esixubha | sixubha | asixubhi | esingaxubhi | singaxubhi |
| 2nd plural | niyaxubha, nixubha | enixubhayo, enixubha | nixubha | anixubhi | eningaxubhi | ningaxubhi |
| Class 1 | uyaxubha, uxubha | oxubhayo, oxubha | exubha | akaxubhi | ongaxubhi | engaxubhi |
| Class 2 | bayaxubha, baxubha | abaxubhayo, abaxubha | bexubha | abaxubhi | abangaxubhi | bengaxubhi |
| Class 3 | uyaxubha, uxubha | oxubhayo, oxubha | uxubha | awuxubhi | ongaxubhi | ungaxubhi |
| Class 4 | iyaxubha, ixubha | exubhayo, exubha | ixubha | ayixubhi | engaxubhi | ingaxubhi |
| Class 5 | liyaxubha, lixubha | elixubhayo, elixubha | lixubha | alixubhi | elingaxubhi | lingaxubhi |
| Class 6 | ayaxubha, axubha | axubhayo, axubha | exubha | awaxubhi | angaxubhi | engaxubhi |
| Class 7 | siyaxubha, sixubha | esixubhayo, esixubha | sixubha | asixubhi | esingaxubhi | singaxubhi |
| Class 8 | ziyaxubha, zixubha | ezixubhayo, ezixubha | zixubha | azixubhi | ezingaxubhi | zingaxubhi |
| Class 9 | iyaxubha, ixubha | exubhayo, exubha | ixubha | ayixubhi | engaxubhi | ingaxubhi |
| Class 10 | ziyaxubha, zixubha | ezixubhayo, ezixubha | zixubha | azixubhi | ezingaxubhi | zingaxubhi |
| Class 11 | luyaxubha, luxubha | oluxubhayo, oluxubha | luxubha | aluxubhi | olungaxubhi | lungaxubhi |
| Class 14 | buyaxubha, buxubha | obuxubhayo, obuxubha | buxubha | abuxubhi | obungaxubhi | bungaxubhi |
| Class 15 | kuyaxubha, kuxubha | okuxubhayo, okuxubha | kuxubha | akuxubhi | okungaxubhi | kungaxubhi |
| Class 17 | kuyaxubha, kuxubha | okuxubhayo, okuxubha | kuxubha | akuxubhi | okungaxubhi | kungaxubhi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngixubhile, ngixubhē | engixubhile, engixubhē | ngixubhile, ngixubhē | angixubhanga | engingaxubhanga | ngingaxubhanga |
| 2nd singular | uxubhile, uxubhē | oxubhile, oxubhē | uxubhile, uxubhē | awuxubhanga | ongaxubhanga | ungaxubhanga |
| 1st plural | sixubhile, sixubhē | esixubhile, esixubhē | sixubhile, sixubhē | asixubhanga | esingaxubhanga | singaxubhanga |
| 2nd plural | nixubhile, nixubhē | enixubhile, enixubhē | nixubhile, nixubhē | anixubhanga | eningaxubhanga | ningaxubhanga |
| Class 1 | uxubhile, uxubhē | oxubhile, oxubhē | exubhile, exubhē | akaxubhanga | ongaxubhanga | engaxubhanga |
| Class 2 | baxubhile, baxubhē | abaxubhile, abaxubhē | bexubhile, bexubhē | abaxubhanga | abangaxubhanga | bengaxubhanga |
| Class 3 | uxubhile, uxubhē | oxubhile, oxubhē | uxubhile, uxubhē | awuxubhanga | ongaxubhanga | ungaxubhanga |
| Class 4 | ixubhile, ixubhē | exubhile, exubhē | ixubhile, ixubhē | ayixubhanga | engaxubhanga | ingaxubhanga |
| Class 5 | lixubhile, lixubhē | elixubhile, elixubhē | lixubhile, lixubhē | alixubhanga | elingaxubhanga | lingaxubhanga |
| Class 6 | axubhile, axubhē | axubhile, axubhē | exubhile, exubhē | awaxubhanga | angaxubhanga | engaxubhanga |
| Class 7 | sixubhile, sixubhē | esixubhile, esixubhē | sixubhile, sixubhē | asixubhanga | esingaxubhanga | singaxubhanga |
| Class 8 | zixubhile, zixubhē | ezixubhile, ezixubhē | zixubhile, zixubhē | azixubhanga | ezingaxubhanga | zingaxubhanga |
| Class 9 | ixubhile, ixubhē | exubhile, exubhē | ixubhile, ixubhē | ayixubhanga | engaxubhanga | ingaxubhanga |
| Class 10 | zixubhile, zixubhē | ezixubhile, ezixubhē | zixubhile, zixubhē | azixubhanga | ezingaxubhanga | zingaxubhanga |
| Class 11 | luxubhile, luxubhē | oluxubhile, oluxubhē | luxubhile, luxubhē | aluxubhanga | olungaxubhanga | lungaxubhanga |
| Class 14 | buxubhile, buxubhē | obuxubhile, obuxubhē | buxubhile, buxubhē | abuxubhanga | obungaxubhanga | bungaxubhanga |
| Class 15 | kuxubhile, kuxubhē | okuxubhile, okuxubhē | kuxubhile, kuxubhē | akuxubhanga | okungaxubhanga | kungaxubhanga |
| Class 17 | kuxubhile, kuxubhē | okuxubhile, okuxubhē | kuxubhile, kuxubhē | akuxubhanga | okungaxubhanga | kungaxubhanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāxubha | engāxubha | ngāxubha | angixubhanga | engingaxubhanga | ngingaxubhanga |
| 2nd singular | wāxubha | owāxubha | wāxubha | awuxubhanga | ongaxubhanga | ungaxubhanga |
| 1st plural | sāxubha | esāxubha | sāxubha | asixubhanga | esingaxubhanga | singaxubhanga |
| 2nd plural | nāxubha | enāxubha | nāxubha | anixubhanga | eningaxubhanga | ningaxubhanga |
| Class 1 | wāxubha | owāxubha | āxubha | akaxubhanga | ongaxubhanga | engaxubhanga |
| Class 2 | bāxubha | abāxubha | bāxubha | abaxubhanga | abangaxubhanga | bengaxubhanga |
| Class 3 | wāxubha | owāxubha | wāxubha | awuxubhanga | ongaxubhanga | ungaxubhanga |
| Class 4 | yāxubha | eyāxubha | yāxubha | ayixubhanga | engaxubhanga | ingaxubhanga |
| Class 5 | lāxubha | elāxubha | lāxubha | alixubhanga | elingaxubhanga | lingaxubhanga |
| Class 6 | āxubha | āxubha | āxubha | awaxubhanga | angaxubhanga | engaxubhanga |
| Class 7 | sāxubha | esāxubha | sāxubha | asixubhanga | esingaxubhanga | singaxubhanga |
| Class 8 | zāxubha | ezāxubha | zāxubha | azixubhanga | ezingaxubhanga | zingaxubhanga |
| Class 9 | yāxubha | eyāxubha | yāxubha | ayixubhanga | engaxubhanga | ingaxubhanga |
| Class 10 | zāxubha | ezāxubha | zāxubha | azixubhanga | ezingaxubhanga | zingaxubhanga |
| Class 11 | lwāxubha | olwāxubha | lwāxubha | aluxubhanga | olungaxubhanga | lungaxubhanga |
| Class 14 | bāxubha | obāxubha | bāxubha | abuxubhanga | obungaxubhanga | bungaxubhanga |
| Class 15 | kwāxubha | okwāxubha | kwāxubha | akuxubhanga | okungaxubhanga | kungaxubhanga |
| Class 17 | kwāxubha | okwāxubha | kwāxubha | akuxubhanga | okungaxubhanga | kungaxubhanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaxubha | — | ngingaxubha | ngingexubhe | — | ngingexubhe |
| 2nd singular | ungaxubha | — | ungaxubha | ungexubhe | — | ungexubhe |
| 1st plural | singaxubha | — | singaxubha | singexubhe | — | singexubhe |
| 2nd plural | ningaxubha | — | ningaxubha | ningexubhe | — | ningexubhe |
| Class 1 | angaxubha | — | engaxubha | angexubhe | — | engexubhe |
| Class 2 | bangaxubha | — | bengaxubha | bangexubhe | — | bengexubhe |
| Class 3 | ungaxubha | — | ungaxubha | ungexubhe | — | ungexubhe |
| Class 4 | ingaxubha | — | ingaxubha | ingexubhe | — | ingexubhe |
| Class 5 | lingaxubha | — | lingaxubha | lingexubhe | — | lingexubhe |
| Class 6 | angaxubha | — | engaxubha | angexubhe | — | engexubhe |
| Class 7 | singaxubha | — | singaxubha | singexubhe | — | singexubhe |
| Class 8 | zingaxubha | — | zingaxubha | zingexubhe | — | zingexubhe |
| Class 9 | ingaxubha | — | ingaxubha | ingexubhe | — | ingexubhe |
| Class 10 | zingaxubha | — | zingaxubha | zingexubhe | — | zingexubhe |
| Class 11 | lungaxubha | — | lungaxubha | lungexubhe | — | lungexubhe |
| Class 14 | bungaxubha | — | bungaxubha | bungexubhe | — | bungexubhe |
| Class 15 | kungaxubha | — | kungaxubha | kungexubhe | — | kungexubhe |
| Class 17 | kungaxubha | — | kungaxubha | kungexubhe | — | kungexubhe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoxubha | engizoxubha | ngizoxubha | angizuxubha | engingezuxubha | ngingezuxubha |
| 2nd singular | uzoxubha | ozoxubha | uzoxubha | awuzuxubha | ongezuxubha | ungezuxubha |
| 1st plural | sizoxubha | esizoxubha | sizoxubha | asizuxubha | esingezuxubha | singezuxubha |
| 2nd plural | nizoxubha | enizoxubha | nizoxubha | anizuxubha | eningezuxubha | ningezuxubha |
| Class 1 | uzoxubha | ozoxubha | ezoxubha | akazuxubha | ongezuxubha | engezuxubha |
| Class 2 | bazoxubha | abazoxubha | bezoxubha | abazuxubha | abangezuxubha | bengezuxubha |
| Class 3 | uzoxubha | ozoxubha | uzoxubha | awuzuxubha | ongezuxubha | ungezuxubha |
| Class 4 | izoxubha | ezoxubha | izoxubha | ayizuxubha | engezuxubha | ingezuxubha |
| Class 5 | lizoxubha | elizoxubha | lizoxubha | alizuxubha | elingezuxubha | lingezuxubha |
| Class 6 | azoxubha | azoxubha | ezoxubha | awazuxubha | angezuxubha | engezuxubha |
| Class 7 | sizoxubha | esizoxubha | sizoxubha | asizuxubha | esingezuxubha | singezuxubha |
| Class 8 | zizoxubha | ezizoxubha | zizoxubha | azizuxubha | ezingezuxubha | zingezuxubha |
| Class 9 | izoxubha | ezoxubha | izoxubha | ayizuxubha | engezuxubha | ingezuxubha |
| Class 10 | zizoxubha | ezizoxubha | zizoxubha | azizuxubha | ezingezuxubha | zingezuxubha |
| Class 11 | luzoxubha | oluzoxubha | luzoxubha | aluzuxubha | olungezuxubha | lungezuxubha |
| Class 14 | buzoxubha | obuzoxubha | buzoxubha | abuzuxubha | obungezuxubha | bungezuxubha |
| Class 15 | kuzoxubha | okuzoxubha | kuzoxubha | akuzuxubha | okungezuxubha | kungezuxubha |
| Class 17 | kuzoxubha | okuzoxubha | kuzoxubha | akuzuxubha | okungezuxubha | kungezuxubha |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoxubha | engiyoxubha | ngiyoxubha | angiyuxubha | engingeyuxubha | ngingeyuxubha |
| 2nd singular | uyoxubha | oyoxubha | uyoxubha | awuyuxubha | ongeyuxubha | ungeyuxubha |
| 1st plural | siyoxubha | esiyoxubha | siyoxubha | asiyuxubha | esingeyuxubha | singeyuxubha |
| 2nd plural | niyoxubha | eniyoxubha | niyoxubha | aniyuxubha | eningeyuxubha | ningeyuxubha |
| Class 1 | uyoxubha | oyoxubha | eyoxubha | akayuxubha | ongeyuxubha | engeyuxubha |
| Class 2 | bayoxubha | abayoxubha | beyoxubha | abayuxubha | abangeyuxubha | bengeyuxubha |
| Class 3 | uyoxubha | oyoxubha | uyoxubha | awuyuxubha | ongeyuxubha | ungeyuxubha |
| Class 4 | iyoxubha | eyoxubha | iyoxubha | ayiyuxubha | engeyuxubha | ingeyuxubha |
| Class 5 | liyoxubha | eliyoxubha | liyoxubha | aliyuxubha | elingeyuxubha | lingeyuxubha |
| Class 6 | ayoxubha | ayoxubha | eyoxubha | awayuxubha | angeyuxubha | engeyuxubha |
| Class 7 | siyoxubha | esiyoxubha | siyoxubha | asiyuxubha | esingeyuxubha | singeyuxubha |
| Class 8 | ziyoxubha | eziyoxubha | ziyoxubha | aziyuxubha | ezingeyuxubha | zingeyuxubha |
| Class 9 | iyoxubha | eyoxubha | iyoxubha | ayiyuxubha | engeyuxubha | ingeyuxubha |
| Class 10 | ziyoxubha | eziyoxubha | ziyoxubha | aziyuxubha | ezingeyuxubha | zingeyuxubha |
| Class 11 | luyoxubha | oluyoxubha | luyoxubha | aluyuxubha | olungeyuxubha | lungeyuxubha |
| Class 14 | buyoxubha | obuyoxubha | buyoxubha | abuyuxubha | obungeyuxubha | bungeyuxubha |
| Class 15 | kuyoxubha | okuyoxubha | kuyoxubha | akuyuxubha | okungeyuxubha | kungeyuxubha |
| Class 17 | kuyoxubha | okuyoxubha | kuyoxubha | akuyuxubha | okungeyuxubha | kungeyuxubha |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngixubhe | ngingaxubhi |
| 2nd singular | uxubhe | ungaxubhi |
| 1st plural | sixubhe | singaxubhi |
| 2nd plural | nixubhe | ningaxubhi |
| Class 1 | axubhe | angaxubhi |
| Class 2 | baxubhe | bangaxubhi |
| Class 3 | uxubhe | ungaxubhi |
| Class 4 | ixubhe | ingaxubhi |
| Class 5 | lixubhe | lingaxubhi |
| Class 6 | axubhe | angaxubhi |
| Class 7 | sixubhe | singaxubhi |
| Class 8 | zixubhe | zingaxubhi |
| Class 9 | ixubhe | ingaxubhi |
| Class 10 | zixubhe | zingaxubhi |
| Class 11 | luxubhe | lungaxubhi |
| Class 14 | buxubhe | bungaxubhi |
| Class 15 | kuxubhe | kungaxubhi |
| Class 17 | kuxubhe | kungaxubhi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaxubha | ngangaxubha, angaxubha, angangaxubha |
| 2nd singular | waxubha | wangaxubha, awaxubha, awangaxubha |
| 1st plural | saxubha | sangaxubha, asaxubha, asangaxubha |
| 2nd plural | naxubha | nangaxubha, anaxubha, anangaxubha |
| Class 1 | waxubha | wangaxubha, akaxubha, akangaxubha |
| Class 2 | baxubha | bangaxubha, abaxubha, abangaxubha |
| Class 3 | waxubha | wangaxubha, awaxubha, awangaxubha |
| Class 4 | yaxubha | yangaxubha, ayaxubha, ayangaxubha |
| Class 5 | laxubha | langaxubha, alaxubha, alangaxubha |
| Class 6 | axubha | angaxubha, awaxubha, awangaxubha |
| Class 7 | saxubha | sangaxubha, asaxubha, asangaxubha |
| Class 8 | zaxubha | zangaxubha, azaxubha, azangaxubha |
| Class 9 | yaxubha | yangaxubha, ayaxubha, ayangaxubha |
| Class 10 | zaxubha | zangaxubha, azaxubha, azangaxubha |
| Class 11 | lwaxubha | lwangaxubha, alwaxubha, alwangaxubha |
| Class 14 | baxubha | bangaxubha, abaxubha, abangaxubha |
| Class 15 | kwaxubha | kwangaxubha, akwaxubha, akwangaxubha |
| Class 17 | kwaxubha | kwangaxubha, akwaxubha, akwangaxubha |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “xuba”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “xuba (6.3)”