# 小酒
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiǎojiǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): siu$^2$ zau$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'xieu$^3$ jiu$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): siǎu-ciǔ
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): siau$^3$ ziou$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎojiǔ [Phonetic: xiáojiǔ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎojiǒu
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^3$-chiu$^3$
*** Yale: syǎu-jyǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaujeou
*** Palladius: сяоцзю (sjaoczju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^2$ zau$^2$
*** Yale: síu jáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^2$ dzau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^2$ zeo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɐu̯³⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'xieu$^3$ jiu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈɕiɛu²¹³⁻²⁴ t͡ɕiu²¹³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: siǎu-ciǔ
*** Sinological IPA : /siau²¹ t͡siu²¹/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: siau$^3$ ziou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /si̯ɒu̯⁴¹ t͡si̯əu̯⁴¹/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /ɕi̯ɒu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

### Noun

小酒
* quiet drink (of alcohol)
    他愛喝個小酒。／他爱喝个小酒。 ― Tā ài hē ge xiǎojiǔ. ― He likes a quiet drink.
    From: 2007, 國立臺灣大學植物病理與微生物學系, 《臺大一號館的小巨人——謝煥儒老師紀念文集》, page 185
    Táidà yánjiūshì zhōngwǔzuò de yōuliáng jiàoshī jiǎng, ràng rén fǎngfú hái kàndejiàn Xiè Huànrú rènzhēn jiàoxué de yǐngzi, píngcháng Xiè Huànrú zuì xǐhuān yāo xuéshēng yītóng wéilú chī huǒguō, hē diǎn xiǎojiǔ, tántiānshuōdì.... [Pinyin]
    The Excellent Teacher Awards from the Zhongwuzuo laboratories at National Taiwan University somewhat reveals Xie Huanru's dedication to teaching. Xie often invites students to eat hot pot, have a quiet drink, and chat about this and that...
    From: 2010, 卓子瑛, 《精靈的足跡——游於藝》, page 109
    Jīnrì xiǎng hē ge xiǎojiǔ lái qìngzhù guótàimín'ān, hē shénme hǎo ne? [Pinyin]
    Today I want to have a quiet drink to celebrate the peace and prosperity of the country. What should I drink?
    From: 2015, 何霄, 快樂的聚餐, in 呂珍玉 (chief editor), 《詩經中的生活》, page 284
    Xiánxiá shí, yuē shàng sān wǔ hǎoyǒu, xiàng ‘Xiǎoyǎ Nán Yǒu Jiāyú’ zhōng xiě de nàyàng, gòngjùyītáng, fàngxià shǒujī, fàngxià bāofú, hē jǐ bēi xiǎojiǔ, shuō jǐ jù zhēnxīnhuà, huòxǔ nǐ huì tūrán fāxiàn, rénshēng de měihǎo, jiù zài dāngxià. [Pinyin]
    In your free time, meet up with a few friends. As written in the Nan You Jiayu poem in the Xiaoya, get together, put down your mobile phone, lay down your baggage, have a quiet drink, and say a few words from the heart. Maybe you will suddenly find out that the beauty of life is the present moment.
* (literary) light wine that is made in a short fermentation period
* (regional) vinegar

#### Synonyms

* (vinegar):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 醋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 醋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 忌諱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 醋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 忌諱 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 醋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 醋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 忌諱 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 醋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 醋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 醋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 醋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 醋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 醋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 醋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 醋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 酸, 醋 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 酸 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 酸, 醋 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 酸醋 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 醋, 七醋, 酸醋 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 酸醋 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 酸醋 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 酸醋 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 醋 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 醋, 小酒 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 醋, 小酒 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 醋, 小酒 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 醋, 酸醋, 甜酒 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Zengcheng (Zhengguo) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 醋 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 酸醋 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 醋 |
| Hakka | Changting | 醋 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 小酒, 醋 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 醋, 小酒, 酸酒 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 醋 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 小酒 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 酸醋, 醋 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 酸醋, 醋 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 酸醋 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 酸醋, 醋 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 酸醋, 醋 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 酸醋, 醋 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 醋 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 醋 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 酸醋 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 甜酒 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 醋 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 醋 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 醋 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 醋 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 醋 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 醋, 小酒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 醋 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 醋 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 醋 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 醋 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 醋, 酸 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 酸醋 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 醋 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 醋 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 醋 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 醋 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 醋, 米醋 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 酸醋 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Wu | Danyang | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 醋, 米醋 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 米醋 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 醋 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 醋, 米醋 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 醋, 小酒 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 小酒 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 醋, 小酒 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 醋 |

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 小 | 酒 |
| こ Grade: 1 | さけ > ざけ Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi ||
Kanji in this term :
| 小 | 酒 |
| こ Grade: 1 | さけ Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi ||
Compound of 小 (ko, “small, little”) +‎ 酒 (sake, “alcohol, alcoholic beverage; sake”). Appears from the early 1800s, with apparent free variation in the unvoiced reading kosake and the voiced, rendaku reading kozake.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ko̞sa̠ke̞]
* IPA: [ko̞za̠ke̞]

#### Noun

小(こ)酒(さけ) or 小(こ)酒(ざけ) • (kosake or kozake)
* a small amount of alcohol
* a small drink of an alcoholic beverage

#### Proper noun

小(こ)酒(さけ) • (Kosake)
* a surname

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 小 | 酒 |
| こ Grade: 1 | さか > ざか Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi ||
Kanji in this term :
| 小 | 酒 |
| こ Grade: 1 | さか Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi ||
Compound of 小 (ko, “small, little”) +‎ 酒 (saka, “alcohol, alcoholic beverage; sake”, the ancient compounding form).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ko̞sa̠ka̠]
* IPA: [ko̞za̠ka̠]

#### Proper noun

小(こ)酒(さか) or 小(こ)酒(ざか) • (Kosaka or Kozaka)
* a surname

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN