# thuma
## Hadza
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʰuma/

### Adverb

thuma
* where?
    Synonym: thumeika

#### Related terms

* thumê

## Northern Ndebele
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-thúma
* (transitive) to send

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þūmô.

### Noun

thūma m
* thumb

#### Descendants

* North Frisian: tome, töme
* Saterland Frisian: Tume
* West Frisian: tomme, tûme

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-thúma
* (transitive) to send

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Verb

-thúma
* (transitive) to send

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuthuma |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuthuma | ukungathumi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | thuma | -thume |
| Plural | thumani | -thumeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyathuma, ngithuma | engithumayo, engithuma | ngithuma | angithumi | engingathumi | ngingathumi |
| 2nd singular | uyathuma, uthuma | othumayo, othuma | uthuma | awuthumi | ongathumi | ungathumi |
| 1st plural | siyathuma, sithuma | esithumayo, esithuma | sithuma | asithumi | esingathumi | singathumi |
| 2nd plural | niyathuma, nithuma | enithumayo, enithuma | nithuma | anithumi | eningathumi | ningathumi |
| Class 1 | uyathuma, uthuma | othumayo, othuma | ethuma | akathumi | ongathumi | engathumi |
| Class 2 | bayathuma, bathuma | abathumayo, abathuma | bethuma | abathumi | abangathumi | bengathumi |
| Class 3 | uyathuma, uthuma | othumayo, othuma | uthuma | awuthumi | ongathumi | ungathumi |
| Class 4 | iyathuma, ithuma | ethumayo, ethuma | ithuma | ayithumi | engathumi | ingathumi |
| Class 5 | liyathuma, lithuma | elithumayo, elithuma | lithuma | alithumi | elingathumi | lingathumi |
| Class 6 | ayathuma, athuma | athumayo, athuma | ethuma | awathumi | angathumi | engathumi |
| Class 7 | siyathuma, sithuma | esithumayo, esithuma | sithuma | asithumi | esingathumi | singathumi |
| Class 8 | ziyathuma, zithuma | ezithumayo, ezithuma | zithuma | azithumi | ezingathumi | zingathumi |
| Class 9 | iyathuma, ithuma | ethumayo, ethuma | ithuma | ayithumi | engathumi | ingathumi |
| Class 10 | ziyathuma, zithuma | ezithumayo, ezithuma | zithuma | azithumi | ezingathumi | zingathumi |
| Class 11 | luyathuma, luthuma | oluthumayo, oluthuma | luthuma | aluthumi | olungathumi | lungathumi |
| Class 14 | buyathuma, buthuma | obuthumayo, obuthuma | buthuma | abuthumi | obungathumi | bungathumi |
| Class 15 | kuyathuma, kuthuma | okuthumayo, okuthuma | kuthuma | akuthumi | okungathumi | kungathumi |
| Class 17 | kuyathuma, kuthuma | okuthumayo, okuthuma | kuthuma | akuthumi | okungathumi | kungathumi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngithumile, ngithumē | engithumile, engithumē | ngithumile, ngithumē | angithumanga | engingathumanga | ngingathumanga |
| 2nd singular | uthumile, uthumē | othumile, othumē | uthumile, uthumē | awuthumanga | ongathumanga | ungathumanga |
| 1st plural | sithumile, sithumē | esithumile, esithumē | sithumile, sithumē | asithumanga | esingathumanga | singathumanga |
| 2nd plural | nithumile, nithumē | enithumile, enithumē | nithumile, nithumē | anithumanga | eningathumanga | ningathumanga |
| Class 1 | uthumile, uthumē | othumile, othumē | ethumile, ethumē | akathumanga | ongathumanga | engathumanga |
| Class 2 | bathumile, bathumē | abathumile, abathumē | bethumile, bethumē | abathumanga | abangathumanga | bengathumanga |
| Class 3 | uthumile, uthumē | othumile, othumē | uthumile, uthumē | awuthumanga | ongathumanga | ungathumanga |
| Class 4 | ithumile, ithumē | ethumile, ethumē | ithumile, ithumē | ayithumanga | engathumanga | ingathumanga |
| Class 5 | lithumile, lithumē | elithumile, elithumē | lithumile, lithumē | alithumanga | elingathumanga | lingathumanga |
| Class 6 | athumile, athumē | athumile, athumē | ethumile, ethumē | awathumanga | angathumanga | engathumanga |
| Class 7 | sithumile, sithumē | esithumile, esithumē | sithumile, sithumē | asithumanga | esingathumanga | singathumanga |
| Class 8 | zithumile, zithumē | ezithumile, ezithumē | zithumile, zithumē | azithumanga | ezingathumanga | zingathumanga |
| Class 9 | ithumile, ithumē | ethumile, ethumē | ithumile, ithumē | ayithumanga | engathumanga | ingathumanga |
| Class 10 | zithumile, zithumē | ezithumile, ezithumē | zithumile, zithumē | azithumanga | ezingathumanga | zingathumanga |
| Class 11 | luthumile, luthumē | oluthumile, oluthumē | luthumile, luthumē | aluthumanga | olungathumanga | lungathumanga |
| Class 14 | buthumile, buthumē | obuthumile, obuthumē | buthumile, buthumē | abuthumanga | obungathumanga | bungathumanga |
| Class 15 | kuthumile, kuthumē | okuthumile, okuthumē | kuthumile, kuthumē | akuthumanga | okungathumanga | kungathumanga |
| Class 17 | kuthumile, kuthumē | okuthumile, okuthumē | kuthumile, kuthumē | akuthumanga | okungathumanga | kungathumanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāthuma | engāthuma | ngāthuma | angithumanga | engingathumanga | ngingathumanga |
| 2nd singular | wāthuma | owāthuma | wāthuma | awuthumanga | ongathumanga | ungathumanga |
| 1st plural | sāthuma | esāthuma | sāthuma | asithumanga | esingathumanga | singathumanga |
| 2nd plural | nāthuma | enāthuma | nāthuma | anithumanga | eningathumanga | ningathumanga |
| Class 1 | wāthuma | owāthuma | āthuma | akathumanga | ongathumanga | engathumanga |
| Class 2 | bāthuma | abāthuma | bāthuma | abathumanga | abangathumanga | bengathumanga |
| Class 3 | wāthuma | owāthuma | wāthuma | awuthumanga | ongathumanga | ungathumanga |
| Class 4 | yāthuma | eyāthuma | yāthuma | ayithumanga | engathumanga | ingathumanga |
| Class 5 | lāthuma | elāthuma | lāthuma | alithumanga | elingathumanga | lingathumanga |
| Class 6 | āthuma | āthuma | āthuma | awathumanga | angathumanga | engathumanga |
| Class 7 | sāthuma | esāthuma | sāthuma | asithumanga | esingathumanga | singathumanga |
| Class 8 | zāthuma | ezāthuma | zāthuma | azithumanga | ezingathumanga | zingathumanga |
| Class 9 | yāthuma | eyāthuma | yāthuma | ayithumanga | engathumanga | ingathumanga |
| Class 10 | zāthuma | ezāthuma | zāthuma | azithumanga | ezingathumanga | zingathumanga |
| Class 11 | lwāthuma | olwāthuma | lwāthuma | aluthumanga | olungathumanga | lungathumanga |
| Class 14 | bāthuma | obāthuma | bāthuma | abuthumanga | obungathumanga | bungathumanga |
| Class 15 | kwāthuma | okwāthuma | kwāthuma | akuthumanga | okungathumanga | kungathumanga |
| Class 17 | kwāthuma | okwāthuma | kwāthuma | akuthumanga | okungathumanga | kungathumanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingathuma | — | ngingathuma | ngingethume | — | ngingethume |
| 2nd singular | ungathuma | — | ungathuma | ungethume | — | ungethume |
| 1st plural | singathuma | — | singathuma | singethume | — | singethume |
| 2nd plural | ningathuma | — | ningathuma | ningethume | — | ningethume |
| Class 1 | angathuma | — | engathuma | angethume | — | engethume |
| Class 2 | bangathuma | — | bengathuma | bangethume | — | bengethume |
| Class 3 | ungathuma | — | ungathuma | ungethume | — | ungethume |
| Class 4 | ingathuma | — | ingathuma | ingethume | — | ingethume |
| Class 5 | lingathuma | — | lingathuma | lingethume | — | lingethume |
| Class 6 | angathuma | — | engathuma | angethume | — | engethume |
| Class 7 | singathuma | — | singathuma | singethume | — | singethume |
| Class 8 | zingathuma | — | zingathuma | zingethume | — | zingethume |
| Class 9 | ingathuma | — | ingathuma | ingethume | — | ingethume |
| Class 10 | zingathuma | — | zingathuma | zingethume | — | zingethume |
| Class 11 | lungathuma | — | lungathuma | lungethume | — | lungethume |
| Class 14 | bungathuma | — | bungathuma | bungethume | — | bungethume |
| Class 15 | kungathuma | — | kungathuma | kungethume | — | kungethume |
| Class 17 | kungathuma | — | kungathuma | kungethume | — | kungethume |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizothuma | engizothuma | ngizothuma | angizuthuma | engingezuthuma | ngingezuthuma |
| 2nd singular | uzothuma | ozothuma | uzothuma | awuzuthuma | ongezuthuma | ungezuthuma |
| 1st plural | sizothuma | esizothuma | sizothuma | asizuthuma | esingezuthuma | singezuthuma |
| 2nd plural | nizothuma | enizothuma | nizothuma | anizuthuma | eningezuthuma | ningezuthuma |
| Class 1 | uzothuma | ozothuma | ezothuma | akazuthuma | ongezuthuma | engezuthuma |
| Class 2 | bazothuma | abazothuma | bezothuma | abazuthuma | abangezuthuma | bengezuthuma |
| Class 3 | uzothuma | ozothuma | uzothuma | awuzuthuma | ongezuthuma | ungezuthuma |
| Class 4 | izothuma | ezothuma | izothuma | ayizuthuma | engezuthuma | ingezuthuma |
| Class 5 | lizothuma | elizothuma | lizothuma | alizuthuma | elingezuthuma | lingezuthuma |
| Class 6 | azothuma | azothuma | ezothuma | awazuthuma | angezuthuma | engezuthuma |
| Class 7 | sizothuma | esizothuma | sizothuma | asizuthuma | esingezuthuma | singezuthuma |
| Class 8 | zizothuma | ezizothuma | zizothuma | azizuthuma | ezingezuthuma | zingezuthuma |
| Class 9 | izothuma | ezothuma | izothuma | ayizuthuma | engezuthuma | ingezuthuma |
| Class 10 | zizothuma | ezizothuma | zizothuma | azizuthuma | ezingezuthuma | zingezuthuma |
| Class 11 | luzothuma | oluzothuma | luzothuma | aluzuthuma | olungezuthuma | lungezuthuma |
| Class 14 | buzothuma | obuzothuma | buzothuma | abuzuthuma | obungezuthuma | bungezuthuma |
| Class 15 | kuzothuma | okuzothuma | kuzothuma | akuzuthuma | okungezuthuma | kungezuthuma |
| Class 17 | kuzothuma | okuzothuma | kuzothuma | akuzuthuma | okungezuthuma | kungezuthuma |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyothuma | engiyothuma | ngiyothuma | angiyuthuma | engingeyuthuma | ngingeyuthuma |
| 2nd singular | uyothuma | oyothuma | uyothuma | awuyuthuma | ongeyuthuma | ungeyuthuma |
| 1st plural | siyothuma | esiyothuma | siyothuma | asiyuthuma | esingeyuthuma | singeyuthuma |
| 2nd plural | niyothuma | eniyothuma | niyothuma | aniyuthuma | eningeyuthuma | ningeyuthuma |
| Class 1 | uyothuma | oyothuma | eyothuma | akayuthuma | ongeyuthuma | engeyuthuma |
| Class 2 | bayothuma | abayothuma | beyothuma | abayuthuma | abangeyuthuma | bengeyuthuma |
| Class 3 | uyothuma | oyothuma | uyothuma | awuyuthuma | ongeyuthuma | ungeyuthuma |
| Class 4 | iyothuma | eyothuma | iyothuma | ayiyuthuma | engeyuthuma | ingeyuthuma |
| Class 5 | liyothuma | eliyothuma | liyothuma | aliyuthuma | elingeyuthuma | lingeyuthuma |
| Class 6 | ayothuma | ayothuma | eyothuma | awayuthuma | angeyuthuma | engeyuthuma |
| Class 7 | siyothuma | esiyothuma | siyothuma | asiyuthuma | esingeyuthuma | singeyuthuma |
| Class 8 | ziyothuma | eziyothuma | ziyothuma | aziyuthuma | ezingeyuthuma | zingeyuthuma |
| Class 9 | iyothuma | eyothuma | iyothuma | ayiyuthuma | engeyuthuma | ingeyuthuma |
| Class 10 | ziyothuma | eziyothuma | ziyothuma | aziyuthuma | ezingeyuthuma | zingeyuthuma |
| Class 11 | luyothuma | oluyothuma | luyothuma | aluyuthuma | olungeyuthuma | lungeyuthuma |
| Class 14 | buyothuma | obuyothuma | buyothuma | abuyuthuma | obungeyuthuma | bungeyuthuma |
| Class 15 | kuyothuma | okuyothuma | kuyothuma | akuyuthuma | okungeyuthuma | kungeyuthuma |
| Class 17 | kuyothuma | okuyothuma | kuyothuma | akuyuthuma | okungeyuthuma | kungeyuthuma |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngithume | ngingathumi |
| 2nd singular | uthume | ungathumi |
| 1st plural | sithume | singathumi |
| 2nd plural | nithume | ningathumi |
| Class 1 | athume | angathumi |
| Class 2 | bathume | bangathumi |
| Class 3 | uthume | ungathumi |
| Class 4 | ithume | ingathumi |
| Class 5 | lithume | lingathumi |
| Class 6 | athume | angathumi |
| Class 7 | sithume | singathumi |
| Class 8 | zithume | zingathumi |
| Class 9 | ithume | ingathumi |
| Class 10 | zithume | zingathumi |
| Class 11 | luthume | lungathumi |
| Class 14 | buthume | bungathumi |
| Class 15 | kuthume | kungathumi |
| Class 17 | kuthume | kungathumi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngathuma | ngangathuma, angathuma, angangathuma |
| 2nd singular | wathuma | wangathuma, awathuma, awangathuma |
| 1st plural | sathuma | sangathuma, asathuma, asangathuma |
| 2nd plural | nathuma | nangathuma, anathuma, anangathuma |
| Class 1 | wathuma | wangathuma, akathuma, akangathuma |
| Class 2 | bathuma | bangathuma, abathuma, abangathuma |
| Class 3 | wathuma | wangathuma, awathuma, awangathuma |
| Class 4 | yathuma | yangathuma, ayathuma, ayangathuma |
| Class 5 | lathuma | langathuma, alathuma, alangathuma |
| Class 6 | athuma | angathuma, awathuma, awangathuma |
| Class 7 | sathuma | sangathuma, asathuma, asangathuma |
| Class 8 | zathuma | zangathuma, azathuma, azangathuma |
| Class 9 | yathuma | yangathuma, ayathuma, ayangathuma |
| Class 10 | zathuma | zangathuma, azathuma, azangathuma |
| Class 11 | lwathuma | lwangathuma, alwathuma, alwangathuma |
| Class 14 | bathuma | bangathuma, abathuma, abangathuma |
| Class 15 | kwathuma | kwangathuma, akwathuma, akwangathuma |
| Class 17 | kwathuma | kwangathuma, akwathuma, akwangathuma |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thuma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thuma (3.9)”