# حنك
## Arabic
### Etymology

Cognate with Hebrew חֵךְ (ḥēḵ), Aramaic חִכָּא / ܚܸܟܿܵܐ (ḥekkā, “palate”). See the root ح ن ك (ḥ-n-k) for explanation how further meanings of this root are related to the mouthpart idea.

### Noun

حَنَك • (ḥanak) m (plural أَحْنَاك (ʔaḥnāk))
* palate, palatum durum
* jaw
    Synonym: فَكّ (fakk)
** 577 AH / 1181–82 CE, ابن هشام اللخمي [Ibn Hišām al-Laḵmiyy], edited by José Pérez Lázaro, الْمَدْخَلُ إِلَى تَقْوِيمِ اللِسَانِ وَتَعْلِيمِ الْبَيَانِ (al-madḵalu ʔilā taqwīmi l-lisāni wataʕlīmi l-bayāni) [Introducción a la corrección del lenguaje y la enseñanza de la elocuencia] (Fuentes Arábico-Hispanas; 6), volume II, Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, published 1990, →ISBN, page 368 (773:يقولون عَثْنَنَ فلانٌ جَعَلَ من العِمَامة تحت حَنَكِهِ ويسمّونها العُثْنُون وبعضعم يسمّيها مَقْبِضَ سَطْلٍ. والصّواب تَلَحَّاهَا. يقال تَلَحَّى فلانٌ العِمامةَ إّذا جعلها تحت لَحْيِهِ. وفي الحديث أنّ النّبيّ ﷺ «أمر بالتَّلَحِّي ونَهَى عن الاقْتِعَاطِ». ويقال أيْضاً حَنّكَ. والاقتعاط أن تَلُوثَ العِمامةَ على رَأْسِكَ دون أن تجعلها تحت حنكك. يقال منه اقتعط يقتعط وهو المنهيّ عنه.They say that somebody ʕaṯnana – he applied his turban under the jaw, and they call the latter ʕuṯnūn and a part of them bucket handle. The correct is talaḥḥāhā. It is said that somebody talaḥḥā when he applied it under his jawbone. And in the Ḥadīṯ that the Prophet (PBUH) “ordered talaḥḥī and ended with iqtiʕāṭ.” One also says ḥannaka. And iqtiʕāṭ that you bind the turban on the head without applying it under the jaw.
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 33, Art. 10, page 677 line 6:وقد تخرج للدابة من حنكها ويسمي التحنيك وصفة العمل في ذلك إذا أحنكت الدابة فأفتح لها من الدرجة الثالثة والرابعة ولا تفتح لها قرب الباب لأن الدم ربما عسر إمساكه فتلف الدابة.One may extract the blood from the jaw of a beast and it is called taḥnīk and the operation consists in that you have bound the beast with a chinstrap and now cut it open to the third or fourth degree but don’t open it close the throat as it may be difficult to contain the blood and the beast will succumb.
** Tʻazpazean, Žorž (1960) “حنك”, in Baṙaran Araberēn Hayerēn [Arabic–Armenian Dictionary], Beirut: ATLAS Press, page 102
* lampas in a horse

#### Derived terms

* حَنَكِيّ (ḥanakiyy, “palatal”)

#### Descendants

* Egyptian Arabic: حنك (ḥanak)
* Gulf Arabic: حنچ (ḥinč)
* Maltese: ħanek
* Moroccan Arabic: حنك (ḥank)
* → Armenian: հանաք (hanakʻ)
* → Azerbaijani: hənək
* → Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: henek, ḧenek, henek‘
    Central Kurdish: حەنەک (ḧenek)
    Southern Kurdish: ھەنەک (henek)
* → Talysh: hənək
* → Tat: гьенег
* → Turkish: hanek, henek
* → Turkmen: eňek, henek
* → Udi: гьаьнаьй (hänäj)
* → Zazaki: hênek

### Verb

حَنَكَ • (ḥanaka) I (non-past يَحْنِكُ (yaḥniku) or يَحْنُكُ (yaḥnuku), verbal noun حَنْك (ḥank))
* to put to the palate
* to attain experience, to become trained, to gain discipline
* to comprehend, to conceive

#### Conjugation
### Verb

حَنَّكَ • (ḥannaka) II (non-past يُحَنِّكُ (yuḥanniku), verbal noun تَحْنِيك (taḥnīk))
* to attain experience, to become trained, to gain discipline
* to make attain experience, to train, to discipline, to accustom
* to rub the palate
** 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 38:32:وَضَعَهُ فِي حَجْرِه ثُمَّ دَعَا بِتَمْرَةٍ فَمَضَغَهَا ثُمَّ تَفَلَ فِي فِيهِ فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ شَىْءٍ دَخَلَ جَوْفَهُ رِيقُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ حَنَّكَهُ بِالتَّمْرَةِ ثُمَّ دَعَا لَهُ وَبَرَّكَ عَلَيْهِ وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَوْلُودٍ وُلِدَ فِي الإِسْلَامِwaḍaʕahu fī ḥajrih ṯumma daʕā bitamratin famaḍaḡahā ṯumma tafala fī fīhi fakāna ʔawwala šāʔin daḵala jawfahu rīqu rasūli l-lahi ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallama ṯumma ḥannakahu bi-t-tamrati ṯumma daʕā lahu wabarraka ʕalayhi wakāna ʔawwala mawlūdin wulida fī l-ʔislāmiHe placed him on his lap then called for a date and then chewed it and then spat into him and the first thing that went into his stomach was the spittle of God’s messenger, then he rubbed his palate with the date, then he called for him and blessed him, and it was the first child born in Islam.
* to bind about the jaw
** 577 AH / 1181–82 CE, ابن هشام اللخمي [Ibn Hišām al-Laḵmiyy], edited by José Pérez Lázaro, الْمَدْخَلُ إِلَى تَقْوِيمِ اللِسَانِ وَتَعْلِيمِ الْبَيَانِ (al-madḵalu ʔilā taqwīmi l-lisāni wataʕlīmi l-bayāni) [Introducción a la corrección del lenguaje y la enseñanza de la elocuencia] (Fuentes Arábico-Hispanas; 6), volume II, Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, published 1990, →ISBN, page 368 (773:يقولون عَثْنَنَ فلانٌ جَعَلَ من العِمَامة تحت حَنَكِهِ ويسمّونها العُثْنُون وبعضعم يسمّيها مَقْبِضَ سَطْلٍ. والصّواب تَلَحَّاهَا. يقال تَلَحَّى فلانٌ العِمامةَ إّذا جعلها تحت لَحْيِهِ. وفي الحديث أنّ النّبيّ ﷺ «أمر بالتَّلَحِّي ونَهَى عن الاقْتِعَاطِ». ويقال أيْضاً حَنّكَ. والاقتعاط أن تَلُوثَ العِمامةَ على رَأْسِكَ دون أن تجعلها تحت حنكك. يقال منه اقتعط يقتعط وهو المنهيّ عنه.They say that somebody ʕaṯnana – he applied his turban under the jaw, and they call the latter ʕuṯnūn and a part of them bucket handle. The correct is talaḥḥāhā. It is said that somebody talaḥḥā when he applied it under his jawbone. And in the Ḥadīṯ that the Prophet (PBUH) “ordered talaḥḥī and ended with iqtiʕāṭ.” One also says ḥannaka. And iqtiʕāṭ that you bind the turban on the head without applying it under the jaw.
* to draw blood from below the jaw (of a horse)
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 33, Art. 10, page 677 line 7:وقد تخرج للدابة من حنكها ويسمي التحنيك وصفة العمل في ذلك إذا أحنكت الدابة فأفتح لها من الدرجة الثالثة والرابعة ولا تفتح لها قرب الباب لأن الدم ربما عسر إمساكه فتلف الدابة.One may extract the blood from the jaw of a beast and it is called taḥnīk and the operation consists in that you have bound the beast with a chinstrap and now cut it open to the third or fourth degree but don’t open it close the throat as it may be difficult to contain the blood and the beast will succumb.

#### Conjugation
### Noun

حَنْك • (ḥank) m
* verbal noun of حَنَكَ (ḥanaka) (form I)

#### Declension
### Noun

حُنْك • (ḥunk) m
* prudence, being seasoned, sophistication, resourcefulness, discretion, wisdom, acumen

#### Declension
## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَنَك (ḥanak).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħanak/

### Noun

حنك • (ḥanak) m (archaic)
* mouth
    Synonym: بق (buʔʔ)
* mouth of an animal, beak

### Verb

حنك • (ḥannik) II
* to train, to make gain experience

### References

* Behnstedt, Peter (1980) “Zum ursprünglichen Dialekt von Alexandria”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 130, page 40
* Hinds, Martin, Badawi, El-Said (1986) A Dictionary of Egyptian Arabic‎, Beirut: Librairie du Liban, page 229b
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “حنك”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 659c

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَنَك (ḥanak).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħank/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

حنك • (ḥank) m (dual حنكين (ḥankayn), plural حناك (ḥnāk))
* cheek
    Synonym: خد (ḵadd)