# 生死存亡
## Chinese

| | | to live and die; life-and-death | to live or die; life or death |
| trad. (生死存亡) | trad. (生死存亡) | 生死 | 存亡 |
| simp. $^#$(生死存亡) | simp. $^#$(生死存亡) | 生死 | 存亡 |
| Literally: “to live or die, exist or perish”. ||||

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shēngsǐcúnwáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ ㄙˇ ㄘㄨㄣˊ ㄨㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sang$^1$ sei$^2$ cyun$^4$ mong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēngsǐcúnwáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ ㄙˇ ㄘㄨㄣˊ ㄨㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shengsǐhcúnwáng
*** Wade–Giles: shêng$^1$-ssŭ$^3$-tsʻun$^2$-wang$^2$
*** Yale: shēng-sž-tswún-wáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shengsyytswenwang
*** Palladius: шэнсыцуньван (šɛnsycunʹvan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯ən³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sang$^1$ sei$^2$ cyun$^4$ mong$^4$
*** Yale: sāng séi chyùhn mòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sang$^1$ sei$^2$ tsyn$^4$ mong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seng$^1$ séi$^2$ qun$^4$ mong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐŋ⁵⁵ sei̯³⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹ mɔːŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: sraeng|sraengH sijX dzwon mjang
Rime :
| Character | 生 | 生 | 死 | 存 | 亡 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 生 (21) | 心 (16) | 從 (15) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) | 庚 (109) | 脂 (17) | 魂 (55) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | II | III | I | III |
| Fanqie | 所庚切 | 所敬切 | 息姊切 | 徂尊切 | 武方切 |
| Baxter | sraeng | sraengH | sijX | dzwon | mjang |
| Reconstructions ||||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠæŋ/ | /ʃˠæŋ$^H$/ | /sˠiɪ$^X$/ | /d͡zuən/ | /mʉɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚaŋ/ | /ʃᵚaŋ$^H$/ | /sᵚi$^X$/ | /d͡zuon/ | /mʷiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃaŋ/ | /ʃaŋ$^H$/ | /siɪ$^X$/ | /d͡zuən/ | /miuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂaɨjŋ/ | /ʂaɨjŋ$^H$/ | /sji$^X$/ | /d͡zwən/ | /muaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃɐŋ/ | /ʃɐŋ$^H$/ | /sji$^X$/ | /d͡zuən/ | /miuaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃɐŋ/ | /ʃɐŋ$^H$/ | /si$^X$/ | /d͡zuən/ | /mĭwaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʂɐŋ/ | /ʂɐŋ$^H$/ | /si$^X$/ | /d͡zʱuən/ | /miwaŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shēng | shèng | sǐ | cún | wáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sang$^1$ | sang$^3$ | si$^2$ | cyun$^4$ | mong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sreŋ|sreŋ|sreŋ sijʔ [dz]ˤə[n] maŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ|sreŋs hljiʔ zluːn maŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 生 | 生 | 生 | 死 | 存 | 亡 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shēng | shēng | shēng | sǐ | cún | wáng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sræng › | ‹ sræng › | ‹ srjæng › | ‹ sij$^X$ › | ‹ dzwon › | ‹ mjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?) | /*sreŋ/ | /*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?) | /*sijʔ/ | /*[dz]ˁə[n]/ | /*maŋ/ |
| English | bear, be born; live | fresh, raw | bear, be born; live | die (v.) | exist | flee; disappear; die |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 生 | 生 | 死 | 存 | 亡 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11312 | 11322 | 12006 | 1905 | 12662 |
| Phonetic component | 生 | 生 | 死 | 存 | 亡 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 耕 | 脂 | 文 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 生 | 生 | 死 | 存 | 亡 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰleːŋ/ | /*sreŋs/ | /*hljiʔ/ | /*zluːn/ | /*maŋ/ |

### Idiom

生死存亡
* life or death; survival or extinction
       guānxì dào rénlèi de shēngsǐcúnwáng [Pinyin]
       to concern the survival of the human race
* matter of life and death; critical moment
    生死存亡的關頭／生死存亡的关头 ― shēngsǐcúnwáng de guāntóu ― crucial juncture