# 云何
## Chinese
### Etymology

The term has been started to detach from its literal meaning since the times of the Classic of Poetry. Cf. 如何, which has undergone a similar route.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yúnhé
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˊ ㄏㄜˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yúnhé
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˊ ㄏㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yúnhé
*** Wade–Giles: yün$^2$-ho$^2$
*** Yale: yún-hé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yunher
*** Palladius: юньхэ (junʹxɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /yn³⁵ xɤ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: hjun ha
Rime :
| Character | 云 | 何 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 王分切 | 胡歌切 |
| Baxter | hjun | ha |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɨun/ | /ɦɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦiun/ | /ɦɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuən/ | /ɣɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦun/ | /ɦa/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuən/ | /ɣɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭuən/ | /ɣɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯uən/ | /ɣɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yún | hé |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wan$^4$ | ho$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷə[r] [ɡ]ˤaj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢun ɡaːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 云 | 何 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yún | hé |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hjun › | ‹ ha › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷə[r]/ | /*[ɡ]ˁaj/ |
| English | say | what |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 云 | 何 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 16363 | 7458 |
| Phonetic component | 云 | 可 |
| Rime group | 文 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 雲 | 何 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢun/ | /*ɡaːl/ |

### Adverb

云何
* (often in a rhetorical question) how; why
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Jì jiàn jūnzǐ, yúnhé bù lè? [Pinyin]
    Having seen the princely lord, shall we not rejoice? (lit. "how can one say we do not rejoice?")
    From: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5th century CE
    Cǐ fǎ dāng shī, yúnhé dé suì yǒu tiānxià? [Pinyin]
    This strategy leads to certain ruin! Why did he ended up on the throne?
    From: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5th century CE
    Dàjiāngjūn píngsù yǔ Jiāngzhōu yúnhé? Ér rǔ yù guī zhī. [Pinyin]
    (You know quite clearly) how the Marshal's relation with (the Governor of) Jiangzhou has been. Yet you still want to seek refuge there?

### Phrase

云何
* what is ...? what does ... mean?
    From: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5th century CE
    Dìzǐ dōu wèi jiě, Ā Mí nǎ dé yǐ jiě? Suǒdé yúnhé? [Pinyin]
    None of the disciples has understood it yet. How could my friend Mí have done so? What is the understanding that he obtained?
* (literally) what does ... say?
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐzhāng yuē: “Zǐxià yúnhé?” Duì yuē: “Zǐxià yuē: ‘Kě zhě yǔ zhī, qí bùkě zhě jù zhī.’” [Pinyin]
    Zi Zhang asked, "What does Zi Xia say on the subject?" They replied, "Zi Xia says: 'Associate with those who can advantage you. Put away from you those who cannot do so.'"