# 否認
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fǒurèn
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄡˇ ㄖㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fau$^2$ jing$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): féu-ngin
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hió-līn / hóⁿ-līn / hóⁿ-jīn / hó͘-līn / hó͘-jīn / hió-jīm
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǒurèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄡˇ ㄖㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǒurèn
*** Wade–Giles: fou$^3$-jên$^4$
*** Yale: fǒu-rèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: foourenn
*** Palladius: фоужэнь (foužɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /foʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fau$^2$ jing$^6$
*** Yale: fáu yihng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fau$^2$ jing$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: feo$^2$ ying$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐu̯³⁵ jɪŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: féu-ngin
*** Hakka Romanization System: feu$^ˋ$ ngin
*** Hagfa Pinyim: feu$^3$ ngin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /feu̯³¹ ŋin⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hió-līn
*** Tâi-lô: hió-līn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hioylin
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lin⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóⁿ-līn
*** Tâi-lô: hónn-līn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hvoflin
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²²/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóⁿ-jīn
*** Tâi-lô: hónn-jīn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hvofjin
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zin²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hó͘-līn
*** Tâi-lô: hóo-līn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoflin
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²²/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hó͘-jīn
*** Tâi-lô: hóo-jīn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hofjin
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zin²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hió-jīm
*** Tâi-lô: hió-jīm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hioyjim
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zim³³/

### Verb

否認
* to deny (to refuse to admit the truth or existence of something); to repudiate

#### Synonyms

* 否定 (fǒudìng)
* 否決／否决 (fǒujué)

#### Antonyms

* 承認／承认 (chéngrèn)

#### Derived terms

* 無可否認／无可否认 (wúkěfǒurèn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 否 | 認 |
| ひ Grade: 6 | にん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひにん [hìníń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çiɲ̟ĩɴ]

### Noun

否(ひ)認(にん) • (hinin)
* denial

#### Antonyms

* 是認(ぜにん) (zenin)
* 承認(しょうにん) (shōnin)

### Verb

否(ひ)認(にん)する • (hinin suru) suru (stem 否(ひ)認(にん)し (hinin shi), past 否(ひ)認(にん)した (hinin shita))
* deny
    容疑者(ようぎしゃ)は犯行(はんこう)を否認(ひにん)している。
       Yōgisha wa hankō o hinin shite iru.
       The suspect denies any wrongdoing.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 否認し | ひにんし | hinin shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 否認し | ひにんし | hinin shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 否認する | ひにんする | hinin suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 否認する | ひにんする | hinin suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 否認すれ | ひにんすれ | hinin sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 否認せよ¹ 否認しろ² | ひにんせよ¹ ひにんしろ² | hinin seyo¹ hinin shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 否認される | ひにんされる | hinin sareru |
| Causative | 否認させる 否認さす | ひにんさせる ひにんさす | hinin saseru hinin sasu |
| Potential | 否認できる | ひにんできる | hinin dekiru |
| Volitional | 否認しよう | ひにんしよう | hinin shiyō |
| Negative | 否認しない | ひにんしない | hinin shinai |
| Negative continuative | 否認せず | ひにんせず | hinin sezu |
| Formal | 否認します | ひにんします | hinin shimasu |
| Perfective | 否認した | ひにんした | hinin shita |
| Conjunctive | 否認して | ひにんして | hinin shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 否認すれば | ひにんすれば | hinin sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 否 | 認 |

### Noun

否認 • (bu'in) (hangeul 부인)
* hanja form of 부인 (“denial; disaffirmation”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 否 | 認 |

### Verb

否認
* chữ Hán form of phủ nhận (“to deny; to negate”).