# 堄

| 堄 | U+5804, &#22532; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5804 |
| ← 堃 [U+5803] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 堅 → [U+5805] |

## Translingual
### Han character

堄 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土竹難山 (GHXU), four-corner 4711$_7$, composition ⿰土兒)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 232, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5209
* Dae Jaweon: page 469, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 454, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5804

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 掜 | *rŋeː, *ŋeːʔ |
| 誽 | *rŋeː |
| 倪 | *ŋeː |
| 蜺 | *ŋeː, *ŋeː |
| 霓 | *ŋeː, *ŋeːs, *ŋeː |
| 郳 | *ŋeː |
| 齯 | *ŋeː |
| 婗 | *ŋeː |
| 輗 | *ŋeː |
| 棿 | *ŋeː |
| 猊 | *ŋeː |
| 麑 | *ŋeː |
| 貎 | *ŋeː |
| 鯢 | *ŋeː |
| 兒 | *ŋeː, *ŋje |
| 觬 | *ŋeː, *ŋeːʔ |
| 堄 | *ŋeːʔ, *ŋeːs |
| 晲 | *ŋeːʔ |
| 睨 | *ŋeːs |
| 唲 | *ŋje |
| 隉 | *ŋeːd |
| 鶂 | *ŋeːɡ |
| 鬩 | *ɦŋeːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeːʔ, *ŋeːs) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 兒 (OC *ŋeː, *ŋje).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nì (ni$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai$^4$ / ai$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gí
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nì
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nì
*** Wade–Giles: ni$^4$
*** Yale: nì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
*** Palladius: ни (ni)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngai$^4$ / ai$^6$
*** Yale: ngàih / aih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngai$^4$ / ai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngei$^4$ / ei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐi̯²¹/, /ɐi̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gí
*** Tâi-lô: gí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡi⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: ngejX, ngejH
Rime :
| Character | 堄 | 堄 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 研啓切 | 五計切 |
| Baxter | ngejX | ngejH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋei$^X$/ | /ŋei$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋei$^X$/ | /ŋei$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɛi$^X$/ | /ŋɛi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋɛj$^X$/ | /ŋɛj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋei$^X$/ | /ŋei$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋiei$^X$/ | /ŋiei$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ŋiei$^X$/ | /ŋiei$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǐ | yì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngai$^5$ | ngai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋeːʔ/, /*ŋeːs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 堄 | 堄 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 2750 | 2755 |
| Phonetic component | 兒 | 兒 |
| Rime group | 支 | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 堄 | 詣 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋeːʔ/ | /*ŋeːs/ |
| Notes | 見漢簡 | 見漢簡 |

### Definitions

堄
* Used in 埤堄.
* (Xiamen Hokkien) to pile up; to stack up
    Synonym: 摞

### References

* “堄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 1), p. 87

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): げん (gen)
* Kun: ひめがき (himegaki)