# 懲

| 懲 | U+61F2, &#25074; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61F2 |
| ← 懱 [U+61F1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 懳 → [U+61F3] |
| 懲 | U+FA40, &#64064; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA40 |
| ← 憎 [U+FA3F] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 敏 → [U+FA41] |
| 懲 | U+FA8B, &#64139; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA8B |
| ← 慠 [U+FA8A] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 戴 → [U+FA8C] |
| 懲 | U+2F8B0, &#194736; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8B0 |
| ← 懞 [U+2F8AF] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 懶 → [U+2F8B1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

懲 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+15 in Chinese, 心+14 in Japanese, 19 strokes in Chinese, 18 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 竹大心 (HKP) or 難竹大心 (XHKP), four-corner 2833$_4$, composition ⿱徵心)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 407, character 44
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11399
* Dae Jaweon: page 748, character 29
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2366, character 6
* Unihan data for U+61F2
* Unihan data for U+FA40
* Unihan data for U+FA8B
* Unihan data for U+2F8B0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 徵 | *tɯʔ, *tɯŋ |
| 癥 | *tɯŋ |
| 澂 | *dɯŋ |
| 懲 | *dɯŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯŋ) : phonetic 徵 (OC *tɯʔ, *tɯŋ) + semantic 心.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chéng, chěng
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ, ㄔㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cing$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): têng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): têng$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
*** Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chěng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chěng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^3$
*** Yale: chěng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheeng
*** Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cing$^4$
*** Yale: chìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qing$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: têng
*** Tâi-lô: tîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: deeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɪŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: têng$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: théng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰeŋ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
* Middle Chinese: dring
Rime :
| Character | 懲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直陵切 |
| Baxter | dring |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖɨŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡieŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖiŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭəŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯əŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chéng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-trəŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*dɯŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 懲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chéng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dring › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-trəŋ/ |
| English | reprove; punish |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 懲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17162 |
| Phonetic component | 徵 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 澂 |
| Old Chinese | /*dɯŋ/ |

### Definitions

懲
* (literary, or in compounds) to warn; to give a warning
* (literary, or in compounds) to punish; to reprimand

#### Synonyms

* (to warn):
* 勸告／劝告 (quàngào)
* 勸導／劝导 (quàndǎo)
* 勸解／劝解 (quànjiě)
* 勸誡／劝诫 (quànjiè)
* 告誡／告诫 (gàojiè)
* 奉勸／奉劝 (fèngquàn) (honorific)
* 忠告
* 戒飭／戒饬 (jièchì)
* 提醒 (tíxǐng)
* 正告 (zhènggào)
* 相勸／相劝 (xiāngquàn) (literary)
* 規／规 (literary, or in compounds)
* 規勸／规劝 (guīquàn)
* 誘／诱 (yòu) (literary, or in compounds)
* 諧喙／谐喙 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 諫訓／谏训 (jiànxùn) (literary)
* 警告 (jǐnggào)
* 警示 (jǐngshì)
* 警誡／警诫 (jǐngjiè) (literary)
* (to punish):
* 修理 (xiūlǐ) (slang)
* 制裁 (zhìcái) (literary)
* 懲治／惩治 (chéngzhì)
* 懲罰／惩罚 (chéngfá)
* 懲艾／惩艾 (chéngyì) (literary)
* 懲處／惩处 (chéngchǔ)
* 懲辦／惩办 (chéngbàn)
* 拾掇 (shíduo) (colloquial)
* 收拾 (colloquial)
* 整治 (zhěngzhì)
* 治
* 治罪 (zhìzuì)
* 發落／发落 (fāluò)
* 科罰／科罚 (kēfá)
* 處分／处分 (chǔfèn)
* 處治／处治 (chǔzhì)
* 處理／处理
* 處置／处置 (chǔzhì)
* 處罰／处罚 (chǔfá)
* 討治／讨治 (tǎozhì) (literary)
* 責罰／责罚 (zéfá)
* 辦罪／办罪 (bànzuì) (dated)
* 醫／医 (yi$^1$) (Sichuanese)
* 醫治／医治 (yi$^1$ zi$^4$) (Sichuanese)

#### Compounds

* 勸善懲惡／劝善惩恶 (quànshànchéng'è)
* 嚴懲／严惩 (yánchéng)
* 嚴懲不貸／严惩不贷 (yánchéngbùdài)
* 小懲大誡／小惩大诫
* 懲一儆眾／惩一儆众
* 懲一戒百／惩一戒百 (chéngyījièbǎi)
* 懲一警百／惩一警百 (chéngyījǐngbǎi)
* 懲前毖後／惩前毖后 (chéngqiánbìhòu)
* 懲勸／惩劝
* 懲忿窒欲／惩忿窒欲
* 懲惡勸善／惩恶劝善 (chéng'èquànshàn)
* 懲惡獎善／惩恶奖善
* 懲戒／惩戒 (chéngjiè)
* 懲戒處分／惩戒处分
* 懲毖／惩毖
* 懲治／惩治 (chéngzhì)
* 懲罰／惩罚 (chéngfá)
* 懲羹吹齏／惩羹吹齑 (chénggēngchuījī)
* 懲處／惩处 (chéngchǔ)
* 懲辦／惩办 (chéngbàn)
* 扶善懲惡／扶善惩恶
* 撤懲／撤惩
* 旌善懲惡／旌善惩恶
* 獎懲／奖惩 (jiǎngchéng)
* 略施薄懲／略施薄惩
* 膺懲／膺惩 (yīngchéng)
* 薄懲／薄惩
* 重懲／重惩

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 懲 |
| Kyūjitai | 懲 &#xFA40; or 懲+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 懲󠄁 懲+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 懲󠄅 懲+&#xE0105; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 懲)
* penal
* chastise
* punish
* discipline

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょう (jō)
* Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)
* Kun: こらしめる (korashimeru, 懲らしめる, Jōyō)、こらす (korasu, 懲らす, Jōyō)、こりる (koriru, 懲りる, Jōyō)

### References

* ↑ “懲”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

## Korean
### Hanja

懲 (eum 징 (jing))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

懲: Hán Nôm readings: trừng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.