# 舍利
## Bala
### Etymology

Cognate with Manchu ᡧᡝᡵᡳ (šeri).

### Noun

舍利 (sheli)
* spring; fountain

### References

* “The Only Known Text from Bala, an Extinct Tungusic Language”, in Studia Orientalia Electronica‎, volume 9, number 1, 2021, pages 173–191

## Chinese

* 舍利

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit शरीर (śarīra, “body”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shèlì, shělì
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ, ㄕㄜˇ ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): se$^3$ lei$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shèlì
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shèlì
*** Wade–Giles: shê$^4$-li$^4$
*** Yale: shè-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shehlih
*** Palladius: шэли (šɛli)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$涉歷／涉历 猞猁 舍利 設立／设立
** (Standard Chinese, common misreading)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shělì
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˇ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shělì
*** Wade–Giles: shê$^3$-li$^4$
*** Yale: shě-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheelih
*** Palladius: шэли (šɛli)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: se$^3$ lei$^6$
*** Yale: se leih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: se$^3$ lei$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sé$^3$ léi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛː³³ lei̯²²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$猞猁 舍利
* Middle Chinese: syaeX|syaeH lijH
Rime :
| Character | 舍 | 舍 | 利 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 書 (26) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) | 麻 (100) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 書冶切 | 始夜切 | 力至切 |
| Baxter | syaeX | syaeH | lijH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕia$^X$/ | /ɕia$^H$/ | /liɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕia$^X$/ | /ɕia$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕia$^X$/ | /ɕia$^H$/ | /ljɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕia$^X$/ | /ɕia$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕia$^X$/ | /ɕia$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭa$^X$/ | /ɕĭa$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɕi̯a$^X$/ | /ɕi̯a$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shě | shè | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | se$^2$ | se$^3$ | lei$^6$ |

#### Noun

舍利
* (Buddhism) śarīra (relics, especially pearl-like objects, found in the cremated ashes of Buddhist spiritual masters)

##### Derived terms

* 佛舍利
* 舍利塔 (shèlìtǎ)
* 舍利子 (shèlìzǐ)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit शारि (śāri).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shèlì
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shèlì
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shèlì
*** Wade–Giles: shê$^4$-li$^4$
*** Yale: shè-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shehlih
*** Palladius: шэли (šɛli)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$涉歷／涉历 猞猁 舍利 設立／设立
* Middle Chinese: syaeH lijH
Rime :
| Character | 舍 | 利 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 始夜切 | 力至切 |
| Baxter | syaeH | lijH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕia$^H$/ | /liɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕia$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕia$^H$/ | /ljɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕia$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕia$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭa$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɕi̯a$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shè | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | se$^3$ | lei$^6$ |

#### Noun

舍利
* (Buddhism, archaic) name of a bird (probably the myna), said to inhabit the Pure Land

#### Proper noun

舍利
* (Buddhism) mother of Śāriputra (舍利弗), a chief male disciple of Gautama Buddha

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Sanskrit शालि (śāli, “rice”), possibly influenced by Japanese 舎(しゃ)利(り) (shari, “(grains of) rice”). This etymology is commonly erroneously conflated with Etymology 1.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shèlì
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shèlì
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shèlì
*** Wade–Giles: shê$^4$-li$^4$
*** Yale: shè-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shehlih
*** Palladius: шэли (šɛli)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$涉歷／涉历 猞猁 舍利 設立／设立

#### Noun

舍利
* (～米, ～飯) rice, especially in reference to a good variety of rice used in Japanese sushi

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from Khitan [Term?].

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shèlì
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shèlì
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shèlì
*** Wade–Giles: shê$^4$-li$^4$
*** Yale: shè-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shehlih
*** Palladius: шэли (šɛli)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$涉歷／涉历 猞猁 舍利 設立／设立
* Middle Chinese: syaeX|syaeH lijH
Rime :
| Character | 舍 | 舍 | 利 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 書 (26) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) | 麻 (100) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 書冶切 | 始夜切 | 力至切 |
| Baxter | syaeX | syaeH | lijH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕia$^X$/ | /ɕia$^H$/ | /liɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕia$^X$/ | /ɕia$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕia$^X$/ | /ɕia$^H$/ | /ljɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕia$^X$/ | /ɕia$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕia$^X$/ | /ɕia$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭa$^X$/ | /ɕĭa$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɕi̯a$^X$/ | /ɕi̯a$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shě | shè | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | se$^2$ | se$^3$ | lei$^6$ |

#### Noun

舍利
* (historical) Khitan military leader during the Liao dynasty

### Etymology 5

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Shèlì
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Shèlì
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Shèlì
*** Wade–Giles: Shê$^4$-li$^4$
*** Yale: Shè-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shehlih
*** Palladius: Шэли (Šɛli)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: syaeX|syaeH lijH
Rime :
| Character | 舍 | 舍 | 利 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 書 (26) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) | 麻 (100) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 書冶切 | 始夜切 | 力至切 |
| Baxter | syaeX | syaeH | lijH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕia$^X$/ | /ɕia$^H$/ | /liɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕia$^X$/ | /ɕia$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕia$^X$/ | /ɕia$^H$/ | /ljɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕia$^X$/ | /ɕia$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕia$^X$/ | /ɕia$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭa$^X$/ | /ɕĭa$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɕi̯a$^X$/ | /ɕi̯a$^H$/ | /li$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shě | shè | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | se$^2$ | se$^3$ | lei$^6$ |

#### Proper noun

舍利
* a surname

### Further reading

* Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “舍利” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].