# 惋

| 惋 | U+60CB, &#24779; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60CB |
| ← 惊 [U+60CA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 惌 → [U+60CC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

惋 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 心十弓山 (PJNU), four-corner 9301$_2$, composition ⿰忄宛)
* regret, be sorry
* alarmed

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 390, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10771
* Dae Jaweon: page 724, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2319, character 5
* Unihan data for U+60CB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 涴 | *qoːls, *qoːn, *qonʔ |
| 埦 | *qoːn |
| 豌 | *qoːn |
| 剜 | *qoːn |
| 眢 | *qoːn, *qon |
| 蜿 | *qoːn, *qon, *qonʔ |
| 帵 | *qoːn |
| 碗 | *qoːnʔ |
| 椀 | *qoːnʔ |
| 盌 | *qoːnʔ |
| 腕 | *qoːns |
| 惋 | *qoːns |
| 捥 | *qoːns |
| 睕 | *qoːns, *qonʔ, *qoːd |
| 琬 | *qoːns, *qonʔ |
| 鴛 | *quːn, *qon |
| 鵷 | *qon |
| 惌 | *qon, *qonʔ |
| 宛 | *qon, *qonʔ |
| 怨 | *qon, *qons |
| 葾 | *qon |
| 夗 | *qonʔ |
| 婉 | *qonʔ |
| 菀 | *qonʔ, *qud |
| 苑 | *qonʔ, *qons |
| 踠 | *qonʔ |
| 畹 | *qonʔ, *qons |
| 倇 | *qonʔ |
| 晼 | *qonʔ |
| 黦 | *qod, *qod, *qud |
| 焥 | *qoːd |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wǎn, wàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˇ, ㄨㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^2$ / wun$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): oàn / oán
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǎn
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^3$
*** Yale: wǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woan
*** Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wàn
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^4$
*** Yale: wàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wann
*** Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^2$ / wun$^2$
*** Yale: yún / wún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^2$ / wun$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^2$ / wun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn³⁵/, /wuːn³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oàn
*** Tâi-lô: uàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oaxn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /uan²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oán
*** Tâi-lô: uán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oarn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /uan⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uan⁵⁵⁴/
* oàn - literary;
* oán - vernacular (俗).
* Middle Chinese: 'wanH
Rime :
| Character | 惋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 烏貫切 |
| Baxter | 'wanH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔuɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔʷɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔuɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔwan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔuɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /uɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔuɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wun$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qoːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 惋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16276 |
| Phonetic component | 夗 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 惋 |
| Old Chinese | /*qoːns/ |

### Definitions

惋
* to sigh; to regret
* troubled; sorrowful

#### Compounds

* 嘆惋／叹惋 (tànwǎn)
* 惋傷／惋伤 (wǎnshāng)
* 惋嘆／惋叹
* 惋惜 (wǎnxī)
* 悵惋／怅惋 (chàngwǎn)
* 惆惋
* 惋愕
* 惋愴／惋怆
* 憤惋／愤惋
* 歎惋／叹惋 (tànwǎn)
* 驚惋／惊惋

### References

* “惋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* regret
* be sorry
* alarmed

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): わん (wan)
* Kun: なげく (nageku)

## Korean
### Hanja

惋 (eum 완 (wan))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

惋: Hán Nôm readings: uyển
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation