OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# anteclise
## English
### Noun

anteclise (plural anteclises)
* (geology) A large uplifted structure on a continental platform.
** 2002, Mark Naumovich Berdichevskiĭ, Magnetotellurics in the Context of the Theory of Ill-posed Problems:Thus, on the south flank of the Anabar anteclise, the Tjung-Siligir and Nizhnemorkokin elevations were identified, while in the Igiattan depression the Vilyuis-Morkhin swell was recognized, separating the southern basin from the northern.

#### Related terms

* syneclise

#### Translations
### Further reading

* anteclise on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* celestian, latencies
# centino
## Italian
### Verb

centino
* first-person singular present indicative of centinare

### Anagrams

* centoni
# centinone
## Italian
### Noun

centinone m (plural centinoni)
* any of the main ribs of an aircraft

#### Related terms

* centina

### Anagrams

* centennio, innocente
# self-focus
## English
### Verb

self-focus (third-person singular simple present self-focuses or self-focusses, present participle self-focusing or self-focussing, simple past and past participle self-focused or self-focussed)
* to focus itself, or by itself
    Each small section of the incoming laser pulse self-focuses into a sharp focal spot at the self-focusing distance.
    The beam initially diffracts linearly and self-focusses slowly into a soliton.

#### Translations
### Noun

self-focus (uncountable)
* concentration of attention on itself
    A few of our studies, however, have explored individual differences in self-focus.
    Self-focus, self-preoccupation, and the like do not automatically spell an enlargement of one's general self-knowledge.
* the ability or feature of photographic or video camera to focus itself
    Self-focus makes cameras much easier to use.
# self-focussed
## English
### Verb

self-focussed
* simple past and past participle of self-focus
# antaste
## Danish
### Etymology

Swedish antasta

### Verb

antaste (imperative antast, infinitive at antaste, present tense antaster, past tense antastede, perfect tense har antastet)
* bother someone

### References

“antaste” in Den Danske Ordbog
# cepināji
## Latvian
### Verb

cepināji
* second-person singular past indicative of cepināt
# antiempleo
## Spanish
### Etymology

From anti- +‎ empleo.

### Noun

antiempleo m (uncountable)
* antiwork
# sektionsnämndernas
## Swedish
### Noun

sektionsnämndernas
* definite genitive plural of sektionsnämnd
# sektledare
## Swedish
### Etymology

Compound of sekt (“cult”) +‎ ledare (“leader”)

### Noun

sektledare c
* cult leader; leader of a cult
# antelucanam
## Latin
### Adjective

antelūcānam
* accusative feminine singular of antelūcānus
# antelucana
## Latin
### Adjective

antelūcāna
* inflection of antelūcānus:
** nominative/vocative feminine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

### Adjective

antelūcānā
* ablative feminine singular of antelūcānus
# self-rights
## English
### Verb

self-rights
* third-person singular simple present indicative of self-right
# self-rising flour
## English
### Noun

self-rising flour (usually uncountable, plural self-rising flours)
* (US, cooking) Alternative form of self-raising flour
# self-righting
## English
### Etymology

From self- +‎ righting.

### Adjective

self-righting (not comparable)
* (originally nautical) Able to right itself if overturned.
    a self-righting life raft
    a self-righting robot

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* light-fingers
# antiklimakset
## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* antiklimaksen

### Noun

antiklimakset n or m
* definite neuter singular of antiklimaks

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* antiklimaksen

### Noun

antiklimakset n or m
* definite neuter singular of antiklimaks
# anthropotechnological
## English
### Adjective

anthropotechnological (not comparable)
* Relating to anthropotechnology.
# antepararíamos
## Portuguese
### Verb

antepararíamos
* first-person plural conditional of anteparar
# sekúnd
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɛkuːnt/

### Noun

sekúnd
* genitive plural of sekunda
# selisih
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Probably an affixation of sisih +‎ -el-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /səˈli.sih/, [səˈli.sɪh]
* Hyphenation: sê‧li‧sih

### Noun

selisih (first-person possessive selisihku, second-person possessive selisihmu, third-person possessive selisihnya)
* difference
    Synonyms: beda, pautan

### Further reading

* “selisih” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# ceз
## Zhuang
### Noun

ceз
* (polite) 1957–1982 spelling of cej
# antihippy
## English
### Etymology

From anti- +‎ hippy.

### Adjective

antihippy (comparative more antihippy, superlative most antihippy)
* Alternative spelling of antihippie
# antihipertensivos
## Spanish
### Adjective

antihipertensivos m pl
* masculine plural of antihipertensivo

### Noun

antihipertensivos m pl
* plural of antihipertensivo
# semblés
## Catalan
### Verb

semblés
* first/third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of semblar

## French
### Participle

semblés m pl
* masculine plural of semblé

## Spanish
### Verb

semblés
* second-person singular voseo present subjunctive of semblar
# certigaton
## Esperanto
### Noun

certigaton
* accusative singular present nominal passive participle of certigi
# chacmoles
## English
### Noun

chacmoles
* plural of chacmol

## Spanish
### Noun

chacmoles m pl
* plural of chacmol
# chacmols
## English
### Noun

chacmols
* plural of chacmol
# anti-igualitários
## Portuguese
### Adjective

anti-igualitários
* masculine plural of anti-igualitário
# anti-immigrant
## English
### Alternative forms

* antiimmigrant

### Etymology

From anti- +‎ immigrant.

### Adjective

anti-immigrant (comparative more anti-immigrant, superlative most anti-immigrant)
* (politics) Opposing immigrants or immigration.

#### Usage notes

* anti-immigrant is several times more common than antiimmigrant in print. GPO manual recommends using a hyphen to avoid doubling a vowel except after short prefixes.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ (antiimmigrant*6),anti-immigrant at the Google Books Ngram Viewer.
* ↑ 6. Compounding Rules in U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual, govinfo.gov

### Further reading

* “anti-immigrant”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* “anti-immigrant”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
# anti-imigrantes
## Portuguese
### Adjective

anti-imigrantes m or f
* plural of anti-imigrante
# chain reactions
## English
### Noun

chain reactions
* plural of chain reaction
# chain shift
## English
### Noun

chain shift (plural chain shifts)
* (linguistics, phonology) A phonological modification of a vowel system in which a change in a particular vowel causes other adjacent vowels to also change in order to avoid vowel mergers.
** 2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 10:Many non-Antipodeans cannot readily distinguish Australian and New Zealand English, because the phonologies basically overlap with the exception of an upwards chain shift in the front vowels.
# antepugessem
## Galician
### Verb

antepugessem
* (reintegrationist norm) third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of antepor
# antepugérais
## Galician
### Verb

antepugérais
* (reintegrationist norm, less recommended) second-person plural pluperfect indicative of antepor
# antifading
## English
### Etymology

From anti- +‎ fading.

### Adjective

antifading (not comparable)
* That counteracts fading

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French antifading.

### Adjective

antifading m or f or n (indeclinable)
* antifading
# chalconas
## Spanish
### Noun

chalconas
* plural of chalcona
# chalcononaringenin
## English
### Noun

chalcononaringenin (uncountable)
* A yellow pigment, normally present as a glycoside, in carnation flowers
# chalconotam
## Latin
### Adjective

chalconōtam
* accusative feminine singular of chalconōtus
# centrālāku
## Latvian
### Adjective

centrālāku
* inflection of centrālāks:
** accusative/instrumental singular masculine/feminine
** genitive plural masculine/feminine
# centrālām
## Latvian
### Adjective

centrālām
* dative/instrumental plural feminine of centrāls
# semipertinent
## English
### Etymology

From semi- +‎ pertinent.

### Adjective

semipertinent (not comparable)
* Somewhat or partly pertinent, or relevant.
# semipervious
## English
### Etymology

From semi- +‎ pervious.

### Adjective

semipervious (not comparable)
* Somewhat or partly pervious.
# chafurdou
## Portuguese
### Verb

chafurdou
* third-person singular preterite indicative of chafurdar
# chafurdem
## Portuguese
### Verb

chafurdem
* inflection of chafurdar:
** third-person plural present subjunctive
** third-person plural imperative
# semi-trailing
## English
### Adjective

semi-trailing (not comparable)
* (horticulture) Having stems thick enough to stand somewhat erect, but eventually drooping like a vine.
** 1957, Norman Taylor, Garden Guide, page 423:The latter method must be used for some varieties that are semi-trailing and for the frankly trailing sorts, such as the dewberry and youngberry.
** 1999, African Violet Magazine - Volume 52, page 15:'Marion's Enchanted Trail' ( Pittman ) tends more toward the semi-trailing type, freely producing many crowns from which absolute masses of medium blue blooms are produced.
** 2012, Lee A. Reich, Landscaping with Fruit:This plant is semi-trailing and cold-hardy.
** 2020, Robert E Gough, Edward Barclay Poling, Small Fruits in the Home Garden:The semi-trailing thornless blackberries may not qualify for a place in your home garden or landscape if you are unwilling to make a slight compromise on flavor.
* (mechanics) Having a movement that pivots on an access which is at an angle between longitudinal and transverse.
    semi-trailing arm suspension
** 2002, Heinz Heisler, Advanced Vehicle Technology, page 397:Swivelling of these semi-trailing arms is therefore neither true transverse or true trailing but is a combination of both.
** 2009, John C. Dixon, Suspension Geometry and Computation, page 28:The next development, introduced in 1951, was the semi-trailing arm in which the arm pivot axis is a compromise between the swing axle and the plain trailing arm, typically in the range of 15° to 25°, as in Figure 1.10.4.
** 2010, Bernhard Heißing, Metin Ersoy, Chassis Handbook, page 395:Semi-trailing links are optimal with regard to this requirement as they can support forces in both the lateral and longitudinal directions through the same pivot points.
** 2022, Avesta Goodarzi, Amir Khajepour, Vehicle Suspension System Technology and Design, page 14:To reduce this unwanted effect, the design of the trailing arm has been modified to a semi-trailing arm suspension, where the revolt axis of the control arm makes an angle with the vehicle's longitudinal axis, as shown in Figure 2.3.
* (verse) Having an opening syllable that is the continuation of a preceding line and including a syntactic break such as a comma or full stop somewhere after that but before the end.
** 2001, David Keppel-Jones, Strict Metrical Tradition, page 79:I have already pointed out a tendency in the semi-trailing and trailing types for attention to be drawn subtly to the switched pair of syllables; this illusory trochaic framework serves at least in the trailing type to focus attention still more on that pair, as a switch. In the few examples we have of the semi-trailing type, the same effect is not always as clear.
# semi-transitive
## English
### Adjective

semi-transitive (not comparable)
* (graph theory, of a graph) Such that there exists a finite vertex set so that for any vertex there exists another vertex in that finite set and an injective homomorphism of the graph that maps the second vertex to the first vertex.

### See also

* transitive
* quasi-transitive
# cesás
## Spanish
### Verb

cesás
* second-person singular voseo present indicative of cesar
# cesárea
## Spanish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin Caesarea, because it was thought that Julius Caesar had been born that way.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /θeˈsaɾea/ [θeˈsa.ɾe.a]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /seˈsaɾea/ [seˈsa.ɾe.a]
* Rhymes: -aɾea
* Syllabification: ce‧sá‧re‧a

### Noun

cesárea f (plural cesáreas)
* Caesarean section

### Adjective

cesárea f
* feminine singular of cesáreo

### Further reading

* “cesáreo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
# antiangiogénico
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* antiangiogênico (Brazil)

### Etymology

From anti- +‎ angiogénico.

### Pronunciation

* (Portugal) IPA: /ˌɐ̃.ti.ɐ̃.ʒjuˈʒɛ.ni.ku/

### Adjective

antiangiogénico (feminine antiangiogénica, masculine plural antiangiogénicos, feminine plural antiangiogénicas) (European Portuguese spelling)
* (pharmacology) antiangiogenic (that inhibits angiogenesis)
    Synonym: antiangiogénese
# antiangiogenics
## English
### Noun

antiangiogenics
* plural of antiangiogenic
# semiperiferie
## Italian
### Noun

semiperiferie f
* plural of semiperiferia
# semiperimeters
## English
### Noun

semiperimeters
* plural of semiperimeter
# selbstbezüglichere
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

selbstbezüglichere
* inflection of selbstbezüglich:
** strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular comparative degree
** strong nominative/accusative plural comparative degree
** weak nominative all-gender singular comparative degree
** weak accusative feminine/neuter singular comparative degree
# self-effacingness
## English
### Etymology

From self-effacing +‎ -ness.

### Noun

self-effacingness (uncountable)
* Having the quality of humility.
    John stated he had, "done his small part", with his usual self-effacingness.
# self-elected
## English
### Verb

self-elected
* simple past and past participle of self-elect
# semplificate
## Italian
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

semplificate
* inflection of semplificare:
** second-person plural present indicative
** second-person plural imperative

### Etymology 2
#### Participle

semplificate f pl
* feminine plural of semplificato

#### Adjective

semplificate
* feminine plural of semplificato
# semplificassi
## Italian
### Verb

semplificassi
* first/second-person singular imperfect subjunctive of semplificare
# chahutaient
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃa.y.tɛ/

### Verb

chahutaient
* third-person plural imperfect indicative of chahuter
# chaletach
## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* (standard, colloquial) IPA: /χaˈlɛtaχ/
** (colloquial) IPA: /ˈχlɛtaχ/

### Adjective

chaletach
* Aspirate mutation of caletach (“harder”).
# antiplumming
## English
### Etymology

From anti- +‎ plumming.

### Adjective

antiplumming (not comparable)
* (photography) Preventing plum-colored distortion of prints.
    Coordinate term: antibronzing
    an antiplumming agent
# antiplumes
## English
### Noun

antiplumes
* plural of antiplume

### Anagrams

* penultimas
# Pugong
## Cebuano
### Etymology

From pugong.

### Proper noun

Pugong
* a surname from Cebuano
# ruigeadh
## Scottish Gaelic
### Verb

ruigeadh
* past subjunctive passive of ruig
# réorchestrant
## French
### Participle

réorchestrant
* present participle of réorchestrer
# panificad
## Spanish
### Verb

panificad
* second-person plural imperative of panificar
# topetaríamos
## Spanish
### Verb

topetaríamos
* first-person plural conditional of topetar
# turned of
## English
### Phrase

turned of
* (archaic) Advanced beyond (a specified age).
** 1813, Cobbett's Parliamentary History of England, page 41:Then with regard to the female sex, a girl just turned of 12 years of age, may be seduced to marry the lowest, the most infamous wretch I can name […]

#### References

* Chambers 1908.
# standaardmolens
## Dutch
### Noun

standaardmolens
* plural of standaardmolen
# srokę
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (normal speech) /ˈsrɔkɛ/, (careful speech) /ˈsrɔkɛw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɔkɛ, -ɔkɛw̃
* Syllabification: sro‧kę

### Noun

srokę f
* accusative singular of sroka
# 크레인
## Korean
### Etymology

From English crane.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kxɯɾe̞in]
* Phonetic hangul: [크레인]

### Noun

크레인 • (keurein)
* crane (machinery)
# 성균관
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 成均館.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰʌ̹ŋɡjunɡwa̠n]
* Phonetic hangul: [성균관]

### Proper noun

성균관 • (Seonggyun'gwan) (hanja 成均館)
* Sungkyunkwan (Korea's highest institute of learning during the late Goryeo and Joseon dynasties)
# 성냥개비
## Korean
### Etymology

Of native Korean origin. From 성냥 (seongnyang, “match”) +‎ 개비 (gaebi, “split wood”).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰʌ̹ŋɲa̠ŋɡɛbi] ~ [sʰʌ̹ŋɲa̠ŋɡe̞bi]
* Phonetic hangul: [성냥개비/성냥게비]

### Noun

성냥개비 • (seongnyanggaebi)
* match; matchstick
# 스웨덴어
## Korean
### Etymology

스웨덴 (Seuweden, “Sweden”) +‎ 어(語) (-eo, “language”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰɯwe̞de̞nʌ̹]
* Phonetic hangul: [스웨데너]

### Noun

스웨덴어 • (seuwedeneo)
* Swedish (language)
# 스웨트셔츠
## Korean
### Etymology

Borrowed from English sweatshirt.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰɯwe̞tʰɯɕʰʌ̹t͡ɕʰɯ]
* Phonetic hangul: [스웨트셔츠]

### Noun

스웨트셔츠 • (seuweteusyeocheu)
* sweatshirt
    Synonym: 맨투맨 (maentumaen)
# stapediform
## English
### Etymology

From Latin stapēs, stapedem (“stirrup”) + -iform.

### Adjective

stapediform (comparative more stapediform, superlative most stapediform)
* Stirrup-shaped.
** 1915, Claude Morley, A Revision of the Ichneumonidae Based on the Collection in the British Museum (Natural History) With Descriptions of New Genera and Species, part IV: Tribes Joppides, Banchides and Alomyides, London: […] British Museum, page 43:The stapediform metathoracic spot, upon which its author lays such stress, occupies the whole centre of the petiolar area, between the longitudinal carinae and is usually subparallel-sided or gradually a little explanate throughout; on either side is a slight and oblique line above the hind coxae.

### References

* ↑ “stapediform, adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
# staffed up
## English
### Verb

staffed up
* simple past and past participle of staff up

### Anagrams

* upstaffed
# staffe slynge
## Middle English
### Noun

staffe slynge
* Alternative form of stafslynge
# staakt uit
## Dutch
### Verb

staakt uit
* second-person (gij) singular past indicative of uitsteken

### Anagrams

* uitstaakt
# staakt over
## Dutch
### Verb

staakt over
* second-person (gij) singular past indicative of oversteken

### Anagrams

* overstaakt
# 플라스티신
## Korean
### Etymology

Borrowed from English plasticine.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pʰɯɭɭa̠sʰɯtʰiɕʰin]
* Phonetic hangul: [플라스티신]

### Noun

플라스티신 • (peullaseutisin)
* plasticine
# 액션
## Korean
### Etymology

Borrowed from English action.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɛkɕ͈ʌ̹n] ~ [e̞kɕ͈ʌ̹n]
* Phonetic hangul: [액쎤/엑쎤]

### Noun

액션 • (aeksyeon)
* action (various senses)
* action (genre)
# state and ancientry
## English
### Noun

state and ancientry (uncountable)
* (archaic) Dignified, old-fashioned style.
** c. 1598, William Shakespeare, Much Ado about Nothing:[…] wooing, wedding, and repenting, is as a Scotch jig, a measure, and a cinque-pace: the first suit is hot and hasty, like a Scotch jig, and full as fantastical; the wedding, mannerly-modest, as a measure, full of state and ancientry; and then comes repentance and, with his bad legs, falls into the cinque-pace faster and faster, till he sink into his grave.
** 1888, Rudyard Kipling, His Chance in Life:So he and Miss Vezzis were married with great state and ancientry; and now there are several little D'Cruzes sprawling about the verandahs of the Central Telegraph Office.
** 1902, Henry James, The Wings of the Dove:He had seen her but in places comparatively great—in her aunt's pompous house, under the high trees of Kensington and the storied ceilings of Venice. He had seen her, in Venice, on a great occasion, as the centre itself of the splendid Piazza: he had seen her there, on a still greater one, in his own poor rooms, which yet had consorted with her, having state and ancientry even in their poorness; but Mrs. Condrip's interior, even by this best view of it and though not flagrantly mean, showed itself as a setting almost grotesquely inapt.
** 1913, Henry James, A Small Boy and Others:The world there was at the same time, by an odd extension or intensification, the local present fact, to my small imagination, of the Second Empire, which was (for my notified consciousness) new and queer and perhaps even wrong, but on the spot so amply radiant and elegant that it took to itself, took under its protection with a splendour of insolence, the state and ancientry of the whole scene, profiting thus, to one's dim historic vision, confusedly though it might be, by the unparalleled luxury and variety of its heritage.
# state-run
## English
### Etymology

From state +‎ run, past participle of run.

### Adjective

state-run (not comparable)
* which is run by the state
** 1991, The Poverty of Plenty‎, Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 110:In Tingri county six out of the nine state-run enterprises (including collectives, which are quasi state enterprises) were without a bookkeeper. The county's truck team had not even kept accounts for the past few years.
** 2021 September 8, Tom Allett, “Network News: Scottish Greens primed to take major role in rail policy”, in RAIL, number 939, page 10:The power sharing deal came as ScotRail, which will be entirely state-run by March 2022, released its Fit for Purpose document that plans to axe 300 services per day compared with pre-pandemic levels [...].

### References

* “state-run”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

### Anagrams

* attuners, taunters
# state capitals
## English
### Noun

state capitals
* plural of state capital
# staffilati
## Italian
### Participle

staffilati m pl
* masculine plural of staffilato
# staffilassimo
## Italian
### Verb

staffilassimo
* first-person plural imperfect subjunctive of staffilare
# starifieriez
## French
### Verb

starifieriez
* second-person plural conditional of starifier
# 음향
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 音響

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɯmʝa̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [음향]

### Noun

음향 • (eumhyang) (hanja 音響)
* sound

#### Derived terms

* 음향양자 (音響量子, eumhyang'yangja, “phonon”)
# stalkeasteis
## Spanish
### Verb

stalkeasteis
* second-person plural preterite indicative of stalkear
# stalkeas
## Spanish
### Verb

stalkeas
* second-person singular present indicative of stalkear
# 필드하키
## Korean
### Etymology

From English field hockey.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pʰiɭdɯɦa̠cçi]
* Phonetic hangul: [필드하키]

### Noun

필드하키 • (pildeuhaki)
* field hockey
# startlishness
## English
### Etymology

From startlish +‎ -ness.

### Noun

startlishness (uncountable)
* The quality of being startlish.
# startlish
## English
### Etymology

From startle +‎ -ish.

### Adjective

startlish (comparative more startlish, superlative most startlish)
* (colloquial) Easily startled; skittish.
** 1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC:He stirred up in a kind of a startlish way; but when he see it was only me he took a good gap and stretch, and then he says: “Hello, what's up? Don't cry, bub. What's the trouble?”

### References

* “startlish”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# status rectus
## English
### Etymology

From Latin status rectus.

### Noun

status rectus
* Synonym of governed state (Latin designation)