# thandana
## Zulu
### Etymology

From -thanda +‎ -ana.

### Verb

-thandana$^?$
* (intransitive) to love each other

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuthandana |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuthandana | ukungathandani |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | thandana | -thandane |
| Plural | thandanani | -thandaneni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyathandana, ngithandana | engithandanayo, engithandana | ngithandana | angithandani | engingathandani | ngingathandani |
| 2nd singular | uyathandana, uthandana | othandanayo, othandana | uthandana | awuthandani | ongathandani | ungathandani |
| 1st plural | siyathandana, sithandana | esithandanayo, esithandana | sithandana | asithandani | esingathandani | singathandani |
| 2nd plural | niyathandana, nithandana | enithandanayo, enithandana | nithandana | anithandani | eningathandani | ningathandani |
| Class 1 | uyathandana, uthandana | othandanayo, othandana | ethandana | akathandani | ongathandani | engathandani |
| Class 2 | bayathandana, bathandana | abathandanayo, abathandana | bethandana | abathandani | abangathandani | bengathandani |
| Class 3 | uyathandana, uthandana | othandanayo, othandana | uthandana | awuthandani | ongathandani | ungathandani |
| Class 4 | iyathandana, ithandana | ethandanayo, ethandana | ithandana | ayithandani | engathandani | ingathandani |
| Class 5 | liyathandana, lithandana | elithandanayo, elithandana | lithandana | alithandani | elingathandani | lingathandani |
| Class 6 | ayathandana, athandana | athandanayo, athandana | ethandana | awathandani | angathandani | engathandani |
| Class 7 | siyathandana, sithandana | esithandanayo, esithandana | sithandana | asithandani | esingathandani | singathandani |
| Class 8 | ziyathandana, zithandana | ezithandanayo, ezithandana | zithandana | azithandani | ezingathandani | zingathandani |
| Class 9 | iyathandana, ithandana | ethandanayo, ethandana | ithandana | ayithandani | engathandani | ingathandani |
| Class 10 | ziyathandana, zithandana | ezithandanayo, ezithandana | zithandana | azithandani | ezingathandani | zingathandani |
| Class 11 | luyathandana, luthandana | oluthandanayo, oluthandana | luthandana | aluthandani | olungathandani | lungathandani |
| Class 14 | buyathandana, buthandana | obuthandanayo, obuthandana | buthandana | abuthandani | obungathandani | bungathandani |
| Class 15 | kuyathandana, kuthandana | okuthandanayo, okuthandana | kuthandana | akuthandani | okungathandani | kungathandani |
| Class 17 | kuyathandana, kuthandana | okuthandanayo, okuthandana | kuthandana | akuthandani | okungathandani | kungathandani |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngithandanile, ngithandanē | engithandanile, engithandanē | ngithandanile, ngithandanē | angithandananga | engingathandananga | ngingathandananga |
| 2nd singular | uthandanile, uthandanē | othandanile, othandanē | uthandanile, uthandanē | awuthandananga | ongathandananga | ungathandananga |
| 1st plural | sithandanile, sithandanē | esithandanile, esithandanē | sithandanile, sithandanē | asithandananga | esingathandananga | singathandananga |
| 2nd plural | nithandanile, nithandanē | enithandanile, enithandanē | nithandanile, nithandanē | anithandananga | eningathandananga | ningathandananga |
| Class 1 | uthandanile, uthandanē | othandanile, othandanē | ethandanile, ethandanē | akathandananga | ongathandananga | engathandananga |
| Class 2 | bathandanile, bathandanē | abathandanile, abathandanē | bethandanile, bethandanē | abathandananga | abangathandananga | bengathandananga |
| Class 3 | uthandanile, uthandanē | othandanile, othandanē | uthandanile, uthandanē | awuthandananga | ongathandananga | ungathandananga |
| Class 4 | ithandanile, ithandanē | ethandanile, ethandanē | ithandanile, ithandanē | ayithandananga | engathandananga | ingathandananga |
| Class 5 | lithandanile, lithandanē | elithandanile, elithandanē | lithandanile, lithandanē | alithandananga | elingathandananga | lingathandananga |
| Class 6 | athandanile, athandanē | athandanile, athandanē | ethandanile, ethandanē | awathandananga | angathandananga | engathandananga |
| Class 7 | sithandanile, sithandanē | esithandanile, esithandanē | sithandanile, sithandanē | asithandananga | esingathandananga | singathandananga |
| Class 8 | zithandanile, zithandanē | ezithandanile, ezithandanē | zithandanile, zithandanē | azithandananga | ezingathandananga | zingathandananga |
| Class 9 | ithandanile, ithandanē | ethandanile, ethandanē | ithandanile, ithandanē | ayithandananga | engathandananga | ingathandananga |
| Class 10 | zithandanile, zithandanē | ezithandanile, ezithandanē | zithandanile, zithandanē | azithandananga | ezingathandananga | zingathandananga |
| Class 11 | luthandanile, luthandanē | oluthandanile, oluthandanē | luthandanile, luthandanē | aluthandananga | olungathandananga | lungathandananga |
| Class 14 | buthandanile, buthandanē | obuthandanile, obuthandanē | buthandanile, buthandanē | abuthandananga | obungathandananga | bungathandananga |
| Class 15 | kuthandanile, kuthandanē | okuthandanile, okuthandanē | kuthandanile, kuthandanē | akuthandananga | okungathandananga | kungathandananga |
| Class 17 | kuthandanile, kuthandanē | okuthandanile, okuthandanē | kuthandanile, kuthandanē | akuthandananga | okungathandananga | kungathandananga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāthandana | engāthandana | ngāthandana | angithandananga | engingathandananga | ngingathandananga |
| 2nd singular | wāthandana | owāthandana | wāthandana | awuthandananga | ongathandananga | ungathandananga |
| 1st plural | sāthandana | esāthandana | sāthandana | asithandananga | esingathandananga | singathandananga |
| 2nd plural | nāthandana | enāthandana | nāthandana | anithandananga | eningathandananga | ningathandananga |
| Class 1 | wāthandana | owāthandana | āthandana | akathandananga | ongathandananga | engathandananga |
| Class 2 | bāthandana | abāthandana | bāthandana | abathandananga | abangathandananga | bengathandananga |
| Class 3 | wāthandana | owāthandana | wāthandana | awuthandananga | ongathandananga | ungathandananga |
| Class 4 | yāthandana | eyāthandana | yāthandana | ayithandananga | engathandananga | ingathandananga |
| Class 5 | lāthandana | elāthandana | lāthandana | alithandananga | elingathandananga | lingathandananga |
| Class 6 | āthandana | āthandana | āthandana | awathandananga | angathandananga | engathandananga |
| Class 7 | sāthandana | esāthandana | sāthandana | asithandananga | esingathandananga | singathandananga |
| Class 8 | zāthandana | ezāthandana | zāthandana | azithandananga | ezingathandananga | zingathandananga |
| Class 9 | yāthandana | eyāthandana | yāthandana | ayithandananga | engathandananga | ingathandananga |
| Class 10 | zāthandana | ezāthandana | zāthandana | azithandananga | ezingathandananga | zingathandananga |
| Class 11 | lwāthandana | olwāthandana | lwāthandana | aluthandananga | olungathandananga | lungathandananga |
| Class 14 | bāthandana | obāthandana | bāthandana | abuthandananga | obungathandananga | bungathandananga |
| Class 15 | kwāthandana | okwāthandana | kwāthandana | akuthandananga | okungathandananga | kungathandananga |
| Class 17 | kwāthandana | okwāthandana | kwāthandana | akuthandananga | okungathandananga | kungathandananga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingathandana | — | ngingathandana | ngingethandane | — | ngingethandane |
| 2nd singular | ungathandana | — | ungathandana | ungethandane | — | ungethandane |
| 1st plural | singathandana | — | singathandana | singethandane | — | singethandane |
| 2nd plural | ningathandana | — | ningathandana | ningethandane | — | ningethandane |
| Class 1 | angathandana | — | engathandana | angethandane | — | engethandane |
| Class 2 | bangathandana | — | bengathandana | bangethandane | — | bengethandane |
| Class 3 | ungathandana | — | ungathandana | ungethandane | — | ungethandane |
| Class 4 | ingathandana | — | ingathandana | ingethandane | — | ingethandane |
| Class 5 | lingathandana | — | lingathandana | lingethandane | — | lingethandane |
| Class 6 | angathandana | — | engathandana | angethandane | — | engethandane |
| Class 7 | singathandana | — | singathandana | singethandane | — | singethandane |
| Class 8 | zingathandana | — | zingathandana | zingethandane | — | zingethandane |
| Class 9 | ingathandana | — | ingathandana | ingethandane | — | ingethandane |
| Class 10 | zingathandana | — | zingathandana | zingethandane | — | zingethandane |
| Class 11 | lungathandana | — | lungathandana | lungethandane | — | lungethandane |
| Class 14 | bungathandana | — | bungathandana | bungethandane | — | bungethandane |
| Class 15 | kungathandana | — | kungathandana | kungethandane | — | kungethandane |
| Class 17 | kungathandana | — | kungathandana | kungethandane | — | kungethandane |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizothandana | engizothandana | ngizothandana | angizuthandana | engingezuthandana | ngingezuthandana |
| 2nd singular | uzothandana | ozothandana | uzothandana | awuzuthandana | ongezuthandana | ungezuthandana |
| 1st plural | sizothandana | esizothandana | sizothandana | asizuthandana | esingezuthandana | singezuthandana |
| 2nd plural | nizothandana | enizothandana | nizothandana | anizuthandana | eningezuthandana | ningezuthandana |
| Class 1 | uzothandana | ozothandana | ezothandana | akazuthandana | ongezuthandana | engezuthandana |
| Class 2 | bazothandana | abazothandana | bezothandana | abazuthandana | abangezuthandana | bengezuthandana |
| Class 3 | uzothandana | ozothandana | uzothandana | awuzuthandana | ongezuthandana | ungezuthandana |
| Class 4 | izothandana | ezothandana | izothandana | ayizuthandana | engezuthandana | ingezuthandana |
| Class 5 | lizothandana | elizothandana | lizothandana | alizuthandana | elingezuthandana | lingezuthandana |
| Class 6 | azothandana | azothandana | ezothandana | awazuthandana | angezuthandana | engezuthandana |
| Class 7 | sizothandana | esizothandana | sizothandana | asizuthandana | esingezuthandana | singezuthandana |
| Class 8 | zizothandana | ezizothandana | zizothandana | azizuthandana | ezingezuthandana | zingezuthandana |
| Class 9 | izothandana | ezothandana | izothandana | ayizuthandana | engezuthandana | ingezuthandana |
| Class 10 | zizothandana | ezizothandana | zizothandana | azizuthandana | ezingezuthandana | zingezuthandana |
| Class 11 | luzothandana | oluzothandana | luzothandana | aluzuthandana | olungezuthandana | lungezuthandana |
| Class 14 | buzothandana | obuzothandana | buzothandana | abuzuthandana | obungezuthandana | bungezuthandana |
| Class 15 | kuzothandana | okuzothandana | kuzothandana | akuzuthandana | okungezuthandana | kungezuthandana |
| Class 17 | kuzothandana | okuzothandana | kuzothandana | akuzuthandana | okungezuthandana | kungezuthandana |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyothandana | engiyothandana | ngiyothandana | angiyuthandana | engingeyuthandana | ngingeyuthandana |
| 2nd singular | uyothandana | oyothandana | uyothandana | awuyuthandana | ongeyuthandana | ungeyuthandana |
| 1st plural | siyothandana | esiyothandana | siyothandana | asiyuthandana | esingeyuthandana | singeyuthandana |
| 2nd plural | niyothandana | eniyothandana | niyothandana | aniyuthandana | eningeyuthandana | ningeyuthandana |
| Class 1 | uyothandana | oyothandana | eyothandana | akayuthandana | ongeyuthandana | engeyuthandana |
| Class 2 | bayothandana | abayothandana | beyothandana | abayuthandana | abangeyuthandana | bengeyuthandana |
| Class 3 | uyothandana | oyothandana | uyothandana | awuyuthandana | ongeyuthandana | ungeyuthandana |
| Class 4 | iyothandana | eyothandana | iyothandana | ayiyuthandana | engeyuthandana | ingeyuthandana |
| Class 5 | liyothandana | eliyothandana | liyothandana | aliyuthandana | elingeyuthandana | lingeyuthandana |
| Class 6 | ayothandana | ayothandana | eyothandana | awayuthandana | angeyuthandana | engeyuthandana |
| Class 7 | siyothandana | esiyothandana | siyothandana | asiyuthandana | esingeyuthandana | singeyuthandana |
| Class 8 | ziyothandana | eziyothandana | ziyothandana | aziyuthandana | ezingeyuthandana | zingeyuthandana |
| Class 9 | iyothandana | eyothandana | iyothandana | ayiyuthandana | engeyuthandana | ingeyuthandana |
| Class 10 | ziyothandana | eziyothandana | ziyothandana | aziyuthandana | ezingeyuthandana | zingeyuthandana |
| Class 11 | luyothandana | oluyothandana | luyothandana | aluyuthandana | olungeyuthandana | lungeyuthandana |
| Class 14 | buyothandana | obuyothandana | buyothandana | abuyuthandana | obungeyuthandana | bungeyuthandana |
| Class 15 | kuyothandana | okuyothandana | kuyothandana | akuyuthandana | okungeyuthandana | kungeyuthandana |
| Class 17 | kuyothandana | okuyothandana | kuyothandana | akuyuthandana | okungeyuthandana | kungeyuthandana |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngithandane | ngingathandani |
| 2nd singular | uthandane | ungathandani |
| 1st plural | sithandane | singathandani |
| 2nd plural | nithandane | ningathandani |
| Class 1 | athandane | angathandani |
| Class 2 | bathandane | bangathandani |
| Class 3 | uthandane | ungathandani |
| Class 4 | ithandane | ingathandani |
| Class 5 | lithandane | lingathandani |
| Class 6 | athandane | angathandani |
| Class 7 | sithandane | singathandani |
| Class 8 | zithandane | zingathandani |
| Class 9 | ithandane | ingathandani |
| Class 10 | zithandane | zingathandani |
| Class 11 | luthandane | lungathandani |
| Class 14 | buthandane | bungathandani |
| Class 15 | kuthandane | kungathandani |
| Class 17 | kuthandane | kungathandani |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngathandana | ngangathandana, angathandana, angangathandana |
| 2nd singular | wathandana | wangathandana, awathandana, awangathandana |
| 1st plural | sathandana | sangathandana, asathandana, asangathandana |
| 2nd plural | nathandana | nangathandana, anathandana, anangathandana |
| Class 1 | wathandana | wangathandana, akathandana, akangathandana |
| Class 2 | bathandana | bangathandana, abathandana, abangathandana |
| Class 3 | wathandana | wangathandana, awathandana, awangathandana |
| Class 4 | yathandana | yangathandana, ayathandana, ayangathandana |
| Class 5 | lathandana | langathandana, alathandana, alangathandana |
| Class 6 | athandana | angathandana, awathandana, awangathandana |
| Class 7 | sathandana | sangathandana, asathandana, asangathandana |
| Class 8 | zathandana | zangathandana, azathandana, azangathandana |
| Class 9 | yathandana | yangathandana, ayathandana, ayangathandana |
| Class 10 | zathandana | zangathandana, azathandana, azangathandana |
| Class 11 | lwathandana | lwangathandana, alwathandana, alwangathandana |
| Class 14 | bathandana | bangathandana, abathandana, abangathandana |
| Class 15 | kwathandana | kwangathandana, akwathandana, akwangathandana |
| Class 17 | kwathandana | kwangathandana, akwathandana, akwangathandana |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thanda”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thanda”