# 木瓜
## Chinese

* 木瓜

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mùguā
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ ㄍㄨㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): muk$^6$ gwaa$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): meh$^4$ gua$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k-koa / bo̍k-koe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhag$^8$ guê$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$moq-ko
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mùguā
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ ㄍㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mùgua
*** Wade–Giles: mu$^4$-kua$^1$
*** Yale: mù-gwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muhgua
*** Palladius: мугуа (mugua)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu⁵¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: muk$^6$ gwaa$^1$
*** Yale: muhk gwā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: muk$^9$ gwaa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mug$^6$ gua$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mʊk̚² kʷaː⁵⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: meh$^4$ gua$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /məʔ²⁻⁵⁴ kua¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k-koa
*** Tâi-lô: bo̍k-kua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bogkoaf
*** IPA (Penang): /bɔk̚⁴⁻³ kua³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² kua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴⁻² kua³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k-koe
*** Tâi-lô: bo̍k-kue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bogkoef
*** IPA (Singapore): /bɔk̚⁴³⁻²¹ kue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² kue⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhag$^8$ guê$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ba̍k kue
*** Sinological IPA : /bak̚⁴⁻² kue³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$moq-ko
*** MiniDict: moh$^入$ ko
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$moq-ko
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /moʔ¹¹ ko²³/
* Middle Chinese: muwk kwae
Rime :
| Character | 木 | 瓜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) | 麻 (99) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 莫卜切 | 古華切 |
| Baxter | muwk | kwae |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muk̚/ | /kˠua/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muk̚/ | /kʷᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muk̚/ | /kua/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /məwk̚/ | /kwaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /muk̚/ | /kua/ |
| Wang Li | /muk̚/ | /kwa/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /muk̚/ | /kwa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mù | guā |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | muk$^6$ | gwaa$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.mˤok kʷˤra/
    (Zhengzhang): /*moːɡ kʷraː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 木 | 瓜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mù | guā |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ muwk › | ‹ kwæ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.mˁok/ | /*kʷˁra/ |
| English | tree, wood | melon, gourd |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 木 | 瓜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9327 | 4340 |
| Phonetic component | 木 | 瓜 |
| Rime group | 屋 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 木 | 瓜 |
| Old Chinese | /*moːɡ/ | /*kʷraː/ |

### Noun

木瓜
* Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis) or plants in the genus Chaenomeles
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Tóu wǒ yǐ mùguā, Bào zhī yǐ qióngjū. [Pinyin]
    There was presented to me a quince, And I returned for it a beautiful red-jade pendant.
** Chinese flowering quince (Chaenomeles speciosa)
* papaya (Carica papaya)
* (figurative) one who is slow in understanding or reacting
    愛情木瓜／爱情木瓜 ― àiqíng mùguā ― A Fool In Love [song name]

#### Synonyms

* (Chinese quince): 榠楂 (míngzhā)
* (papaya):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 番木瓜, 木瓜 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 番木瓜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 木瓜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 木瓜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 木瓜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 木瓜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 木瓜, 萬壽果 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 木瓜, 萬壽果 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 木瓜 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 木瓜 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 萬壽果, 木瓜 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 木瓜 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 木瓜 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 木瓜 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 木瓜 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 木瓜 |
| Hakka | Raoping (Xinfeng) | 奶瓜 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 木瓜 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 木瓜 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 木瓜 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 木瓜 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 木瓜 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 木瓜 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 奶瓜 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 萬壽匏, 奶匏, 番匏 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 萬壽匏 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 萬壽匏, 番匏 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 木瓜 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 木瓜 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 木瓜 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 木瓜 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 木瓜 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 木瓜 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 木瓜 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 木瓜 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 木瓜 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 木瓜 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 木瓜 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 奶瓜, 木瓜 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 木瓜 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 奶瓜 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 木瓜 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 柴冬瓜 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 番瓜 |
| Southern Min | Tunchang | 番瓜 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 木瓜 |
| Wu | Danyang | 木瓜 |

#### Derived terms

* 木瓜海棠
* 木瓜牛奶
* 木瓜紅／木瓜红
* 木瓜酵素 (mùguā jiàosù)
* 番木瓜 (fānmùguā)
* 花木瓜

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 木(ぼ)瓜(け) (boke); 木(ぼっ)瓜(か) (bokka); 木(も)瓜(け) (moke); 木(もっ)瓜(か) (mokka)
* → Korean: 목과(木瓜) (mokgwa), 모과(木瓜) (mogwa)
* → Vietnamese: mộc qua (木瓜)
Others:
* → Zhuang: moeggva

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 木 | 瓜 |
| ぼけ ||
| Grade: 1 | Jinmeiyō |
| jukujikun ||
Kanji in this term :
| 木 | 瓜 |
| ぼく > ぼっ Grade: 1 | か Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ボケ [bóꜜkè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [bo̞ke̞]
* IPA: [mo̞ke̞]
* (Tokyo) ぼっか [bóꜜkkà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [bo̞k̚ka̠]

#### Noun

木瓜(ぼけ) or 木瓜(ボケ) • (boke)  (alternative reading hiragana もけ, rōmaji moke) (alternative reading hiragana ぼっか, rōmaji bokka, historical hiragana ぼくくわ)
* Chaenomeles speciosa

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 木 | 瓜 |
| もく > もっ Grade: 1 | か Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) もっか [móꜜkkà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [mo̞k̚ka̠]

#### Noun

木(もっ)瓜(か) • (mokka)
* (traditional Chinese medicine) fruit of Chaenomeles speciosa or Pseudocydonia sinensis
* papaya

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 木 | 瓜 |
| きゅうり ||
| Grade: 1 | Jinmeiyō |
| irregular ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʲɨːɾʲi]

#### Noun

木瓜(きゅうり) or 木瓜(キュウリ) • (kyūri)
* Alternative form of 胡瓜

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 木 | 瓜 |
| もっこう ||
| Grade: 1 | Jinmeiyō |
| irregular ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) もっこー [mòkkóó] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) もっこー [móꜜkkòò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [mo̞k̚ko̞ː]
* IPA: [mo̞ko̞ː]

#### Noun

木瓜(もっこう) • (mokkō)  (alternative reading hiragana もこう, rōmaji mokō, historical hiragana もかう)
* Synonym of バイカアマチャ, 梅花甘茶 (Platycrater arguta)
* Short for 木瓜紋.

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 木 | 瓜 |

### Noun

木瓜
* chữ Hán form of mộc qua (“quince”).