# 修業
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiūyè
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡ ㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sau$^1$ jip$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siu-gia̍p
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiūyè
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡ ㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siouyè
*** Wade–Giles: hsiu$^1$-yeh$^4$
*** Yale: syōu-yè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiouyeh
*** Palladius: сюе (sjuje)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$休業／休业 修業／修业
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sau$^1$ jip$^6$
*** Yale: sāu yihp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sau$^1$ jip$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seo$^1$ yib$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐu̯⁵⁵ jiːp̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siu-gia̍p
*** Tâi-lô: siu-gia̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siu'giap
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siu⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siu³³ ɡiap̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siu⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiap̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siu⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siu⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡiap̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: sjuw ngjaep
Rime :
| Character | 修 | 業 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 業 (147) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 息流切 | 魚怯切 |
| Baxter | sjuw | ngjaep |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨu/ | /ŋɨɐp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siu/ | /ŋiɐp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siəu/ | /ŋiɐp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /suw/ | /ŋɨap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /siu/ | /ŋiap̚/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭəu/ | /ŋĭɐp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /si̯ə̯u/ | /ŋi̯ɐp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiū | yè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sau$^1$ | jip$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-liw [m-qʰ](r)[a]p/
    (Zhengzhang): /*slɯw ŋab/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 修 | 業 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiū | yè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjuw › | ‹ ngjæp › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-liw/ | /*[m-qʰ](r)[a]p/ |
| English | adorn | work (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 修 | 業 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 15475 | 14819 |
| Phonetic component | 攸 | 業 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 脩 | 業 |
| Old Chinese | /*slɯw/ | /*ŋab/ |

### Verb

修業
* (literary) to do great deeds; to accomplish great things and establish oneself; to make a name for oneself; to build one's career
    From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
    Jūnzǐ jìndé xiūyè, zhōngxìn suǒyǐ jìndé yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (formal) to study at school

#### Synonyms

* (to do great deeds): 立業／立业 (lìyè)
* (to study at school): 求學／求学 (qiúxué), 肄業／肄业 (yìyè)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 修 | 業 |
| しゅう Grade: 5 | ぎょう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

修(しゅう)業(ぎょう) • (shūgyō)
* training, study, practice

### Verb

修(しゅう)業(ぎょう)する • (shūgyō suru) suru (stem 修(しゅう)業(ぎょう)し (shūgyō shi), past 修(しゅう)業(ぎょう)した (shūgyō shita))
* to train, to study, to practice

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 修業し | しゅうぎょうし | shūgyō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 修業し | しゅうぎょうし | shūgyō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 修業する | しゅうぎょうする | shūgyō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 修業する | しゅうぎょうする | shūgyō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 修業すれ | しゅうぎょうすれ | shūgyō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 修業せよ¹ 修業しろ² | しゅうぎょうせよ¹ しゅうぎょうしろ² | shūgyō seyo¹ shūgyō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 修業される | しゅうぎょうされる | shūgyō sareru |
| Causative | 修業させる 修業さす | しゅうぎょうさせる しゅうぎょうさす | shūgyō saseru shūgyō sasu |
| Potential | 修業できる | しゅうぎょうできる | shūgyō dekiru |
| Volitional | 修業しよう | しゅうぎょうしよう | shūgyō shiyō |
| Negative | 修業しない | しゅうぎょうしない | shūgyō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 修業せず | しゅうぎょうせず | shūgyō sezu |
| Formal | 修業します | しゅうぎょうします | shūgyō shimasu |
| Perfective | 修業した | しゅうぎょうした | shūgyō shita |
| Conjunctive | 修業して | しゅうぎょうして | shūgyō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 修業すれば | しゅうぎょうすれば | shūgyō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 修 | 業 |

### Verb

修業
* chữ Hán form of tu nghiệp (“to perfect oneself in the profession; to receive training”).