# 瑜伽
## Chinese

* 瑜伽 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 瑜伽 (Cantonese)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit योग (yoga) [7th century].

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yújiā
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ ㄐㄧㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^4$ gaa$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì-kâ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): jû-ka / lû-ka / ió-gà
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ru$^5$ gia$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yu-cia
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yújiā
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˊ ㄐㄧㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yújia
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^2$-chia$^1$
*** Yale: yú-jyā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yujia
*** Palladius: юйцзя (jujczja)
*** Sinological IPA : /y³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$漁家／渔家 瑜伽
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^4$ gaa$^1$
*** Yale: yùh gā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^4$ gaa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^4$ ga$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː²¹ kaː⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$儒家 漁家／渔家 瑜伽
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-kâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: i$^ˇ$ ga$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^2$ ga$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i¹¹ ka²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-kâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)i$^ˇ$ ga$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^2$ ga$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹ ka²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jû-ka
*** Tâi-lô: jû-ka
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ju'kaf
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lû-ka
*** Tâi-lô: lû-ka
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lu'kaf
*** IPA (Taipei): /lu²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ió-gà
*** Tâi-lô: ió-gà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ioy'gax
*** IPA (Taipei): /io⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡa¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡa²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ru$^5$ gia$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jû kia
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡zu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kia³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yu-cia
*** MiniDict: yu$^去$ cia
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhy-jia
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦy²² t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: yu gja
Rime :
| Character | 瑜 | 伽 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 戈 (96) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 羊朱切 | 求迦切 |
| Baxter | yu | gja |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨo/ | /ɡɨɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jio/ | /ɡiɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /io/ | /ɡiɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juə̆/ | /gɨa/ |
| Li Rong | /io/ | /ɡiɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭu/ | /ɡǐɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯u/ | /gi̯ɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yú | qié |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^4$ | ke$^4$ |

### Noun

瑜伽
* yoga (physical, mental, and spiritual practice or discipline)
    練瑜伽／练瑜伽 ― liàn yújiā ― to practise yoga

#### Synonyms

* 瑜伽功 (yújiāgōng)
* 瑜伽術／瑜伽术 (yújiāshù)

#### Derived terms

* 熱力瑜伽／热力瑜伽 (rèlì yújiā)
* 熱瑜伽／热瑜伽 (rèyújiā)
* 瑜伽士 (yújiāshì)
* 瑜伽宗
* 瑜伽師地論／瑜伽师地论
* 瑜伽派
* 瑜伽行派
* 高溫瑜伽／高温瑜伽 (gāowēn yújiā)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 瑜伽(ゆが) (yuga)
* → Korean: 유가(瑜伽) (yuga)
* → Vietnamese: du già (瑜伽)

#### References

* PTS Taigi

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 瑜 | 伽 |
| ゆ Hyōgai | が Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 瑜伽 (jɨo ɡɨɑ), from Sanskrit योग (yoga). Doublet of ヨーガ (yōga) and ヨガ (yoga).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ゆが [yúꜜgà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [jɯ̟ɡa̠]

### Noun

瑜(ゆ)伽(が) • (yuga)
* yoga

#### Synonyms

* ヨーガ (yōga), ヨガ (yoga)

#### Derived terms

* 三密瑜伽(さんみつゆが) (sanmitsuyuga)
* 瑜伽教(ゆがきょう) (yugakyō)
* 瑜伽三密(ゆがさんみつ) (yugasanmitsu)
* 瑜伽師地論(ゆがしじろん) (yugashijiron)
* 瑜伽宗(ゆがしゅう) (yugashū)
* 瑜伽上乗(ゆがじょうじょう) (yugajōjō)
* 瑜伽振鈴(ゆがしんれい) (yugashinrei)
* 瑜伽論(ゆがろん) (yugaron)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN