# gubernium
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Medieval Latin gubernium.

### Noun

gubernium (plural gubernia or guberniums)
* Synonym of guberniya.
** 1863 January, E. S., “Preface”, in Rufin Piotrowski, translated by E. S., My Escape from Siberia, London: Routledge, Warne, and Routledge, […]; and […] New York, page xii:In the western guberniums, such as Wilna, Podolia, Minsk, &c., &c., 2,889 landed proprietors were condemned, some to death, some to perpetual banishment or hard labour, and in every instance with total loss of all property, real and personal.
** 1883 January 12, James S[kipp] Borlase, “Darker than Death; a Tale of the Russia of To-day”, in The Hull Packet and East Riding Times, number 5,126, Kingston upon Hull, E.R.Y., chapter XVI (The Countess Takes Precautions and the Count Drives Bargains), page 3, column 3:Beauty, grace, and accomplishments are, as I said before, a sine qua non, but as Basil is already the colonel of a crack cavalry corps, and has other military honours promised him in the near future, as also by reason that his father is Governor-General of the gubernium of Odessa, and will leave his son abundant wealth as well as his title of count, I think I have a right to expect something more in his future wife than mere accomplishments and good looks.
** 1890, “Sir Moses receives the Congratulations of his English Co-religionists—His Exhaustive Report to Count Kisseleff—Examination of the Charges against the Jews—Their Alleged Disinclination to engage in Agriculture”, in L[ouis] Loewe (assisted by his son), editor, Diaries of Sir Moses and Lady Montefiore: Comprising Their Life and Work as Recorded in Their Diaries from 1812 to 1883. […], volume I, Chicago, Ill.: Belford-Clarke Co., page 363:“Your Excellency will give me leave also to advert to the expulsion of my brethren from the city of Kiew, where they are at present not allowed to remain even a single night; from the city of Nicolaiew, in the Gubernium of Kherson; the city of Swart-opol, in the Gubernium of Ekat-erinaslow; and all the villages situated in the Gubernium of Whitebsk, Moghilew, Tchornigow, and Voltawa, as well as all the other villages of those Guberniums situated within fifty wersts along the frontiers.
** 1890, issued by the Russo-Jewish Committee, “[On Personal Status and Right of Settlement and Movement.] I.—Permanent Residence Within the Pale of Jewish Settlement.”, in The Persecution of the Jews in Russia. […], London: […] Wertheimer, Lea & Co., […], page 48:In the whole Russian Empire (exclusive of the kingdom of Poland) the Jews are prohibited from permanently residing or settling anywhere, except in the following fifteen gubernia:⁠—Bessarabia, Vilna, Vitebsk, Volhynia, Grodno, Ekaterinoslav, Kovno, Minsk, Mohilev, Podolia, Poltava, Taurida (except Sebastopol), Cherson (except Nicolaiev), and Tshernigov, also in the gubernium of Kiev, exclusive of the city of Kiev. These gubernia are, therefore, called the Pale of permanent Jewish Settlement.
** 1984, Robert A. Kann, Zdeněk V. David, “Royal Absolutism and Bureaucratic Administration, 1740–1847”, in The Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526–1918 (Peter F. Sugar and Donald W. Treadgold, editors, A History of East Central Europe; VI), Seattle, Wash., London: University of Washington Press, →ISBN, section “The Croats”, subsection “Enlightened Absolutism, 1740–92”, page 260:Althan’s commission first broached in 1755 the idea of a semibureaucratic gubernium for Croatia, resembling the later gubernia of the Bohemian and Austrian Lands.
** 2015, Iryna Vushko, “Bureaucratic Enlightenment and Galicia”, in The Politics of Cultural Retreat: Imperial Bureaucracy in Austrian Galicia, 1772–1867, New Haven, Conn., London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 23:Between the 1750s and 1770s, central institutions were supplemented by the new regional offices, the Gubernia. Each Gubernium was divided into smaller administrative units—circles and districts (beneath circles).
** 2018, Jan Hájek, Milan Hlavačka, “The Birth of the Modern Czech Nation (1792–1848)”, in Petra Key, transl., edited by Jaroslav Pánek and Oldřich Tůma, A History of the Czech Lands, 2nd edition, Karolinum Press, →ISBN, section 3 (Czech Lands as Part of the Habsburg Monarchy), page 318:Gubernia (Bohemian Gubernium and Moravian-Silesian Gubernium) gained considerable superiority over the diets, although each of these institutions were directed by the same official, who served concurrently at the Estates and Land levels. The President of the Bohemian Gubernium presided over the Bohemian Diet as the Supreme Burgrave of Prague, while the President of the Moravian-Silesian Gubernium was also the Land Commissioner and thus also the head of the Moravian Diet. Gubernia were directly subordinate to the central administration in Vienna.

## Latin
### Etymology

From gubernō (“I govern”) +‎ -ium.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ɡuˈber.ni.um/, [ɡʊˈbɛrniʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ɡuˈber.ni.um/, [ɡuˈbɛrnium]

### Noun

gubernium n (genitive guberniī or gubernī); second declension
* (Medieval Latin) government, guidance

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | gubernium | gubernia |
| Genitive | guberniī gubernī$^1$ | guberniōrum |
| Dative | guberniō | guberniīs |
| Accusative | gubernium | gubernia |
| Ablative | guberniō | guberniīs |
| Vocative | gubernium | gubernia |
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

### References

* R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “gubernium”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎, London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC
* gubernium in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016