# shunqisa
## Zulu
### Etymology

From -shunqa +‎ -isa.

### Verb

-shunqisa$^?$
* (transitive) to smoke (darken with smoke)
* (transitive) to fumigate

#### Inflection

Tone unknown :
| Infinitive | ukushunqisa |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukushunqisa | ukungashunqisi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | shunqisa | -shunqise |
| Plural | shunqisani | -shunqiseni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyashunqisa, ngishunqisa | engishunqisayo, engishunqisa | ngishunqisa | angishunqisi | engingashunqisi | ngingashunqisi |
| 2nd singular | uyashunqisa, ushunqisa | oshunqisayo, oshunqisa | ushunqisa | awushunqisi | ongashunqisi | ungashunqisi |
| 1st plural | siyashunqisa, sishunqisa | esishunqisayo, esishunqisa | sishunqisa | asishunqisi | esingashunqisi | singashunqisi |
| 2nd plural | niyashunqisa, nishunqisa | enishunqisayo, enishunqisa | nishunqisa | anishunqisi | eningashunqisi | ningashunqisi |
| Class 1 | uyashunqisa, ushunqisa | oshunqisayo, oshunqisa | eshunqisa | akashunqisi | ongashunqisi | engashunqisi |
| Class 2 | bayashunqisa, bashunqisa | abashunqisayo, abashunqisa | beshunqisa | abashunqisi | abangashunqisi | bengashunqisi |
| Class 3 | uyashunqisa, ushunqisa | oshunqisayo, oshunqisa | ushunqisa | awushunqisi | ongashunqisi | ungashunqisi |
| Class 4 | iyashunqisa, ishunqisa | eshunqisayo, eshunqisa | ishunqisa | ayishunqisi | engashunqisi | ingashunqisi |
| Class 5 | liyashunqisa, lishunqisa | elishunqisayo, elishunqisa | lishunqisa | alishunqisi | elingashunqisi | lingashunqisi |
| Class 6 | ayashunqisa, ashunqisa | ashunqisayo, ashunqisa | eshunqisa | awashunqisi | angashunqisi | engashunqisi |
| Class 7 | siyashunqisa, sishunqisa | esishunqisayo, esishunqisa | sishunqisa | asishunqisi | esingashunqisi | singashunqisi |
| Class 8 | ziyashunqisa, zishunqisa | ezishunqisayo, ezishunqisa | zishunqisa | azishunqisi | ezingashunqisi | zingashunqisi |
| Class 9 | iyashunqisa, ishunqisa | eshunqisayo, eshunqisa | ishunqisa | ayishunqisi | engashunqisi | ingashunqisi |
| Class 10 | ziyashunqisa, zishunqisa | ezishunqisayo, ezishunqisa | zishunqisa | azishunqisi | ezingashunqisi | zingashunqisi |
| Class 11 | luyashunqisa, lushunqisa | olushunqisayo, olushunqisa | lushunqisa | alushunqisi | olungashunqisi | lungashunqisi |
| Class 14 | buyashunqisa, bushunqisa | obushunqisayo, obushunqisa | bushunqisa | abushunqisi | obungashunqisi | bungashunqisi |
| Class 15 | kuyashunqisa, kushunqisa | okushunqisayo, okushunqisa | kushunqisa | akushunqisi | okungashunqisi | kungashunqisi |
| Class 17 | kuyashunqisa, kushunqisa | okushunqisayo, okushunqisa | kushunqisa | akushunqisi | okungashunqisi | kungashunqisi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngishunqisile, ngishunqisē | engishunqisile, engishunqisē | ngishunqisile, ngishunqisē | angishunqisanga | engingashunqisanga | ngingashunqisanga |
| 2nd singular | ushunqisile, ushunqisē | oshunqisile, oshunqisē | ushunqisile, ushunqisē | awushunqisanga | ongashunqisanga | ungashunqisanga |
| 1st plural | sishunqisile, sishunqisē | esishunqisile, esishunqisē | sishunqisile, sishunqisē | asishunqisanga | esingashunqisanga | singashunqisanga |
| 2nd plural | nishunqisile, nishunqisē | enishunqisile, enishunqisē | nishunqisile, nishunqisē | anishunqisanga | eningashunqisanga | ningashunqisanga |
| Class 1 | ushunqisile, ushunqisē | oshunqisile, oshunqisē | eshunqisile, eshunqisē | akashunqisanga | ongashunqisanga | engashunqisanga |
| Class 2 | bashunqisile, bashunqisē | abashunqisile, abashunqisē | beshunqisile, beshunqisē | abashunqisanga | abangashunqisanga | bengashunqisanga |
| Class 3 | ushunqisile, ushunqisē | oshunqisile, oshunqisē | ushunqisile, ushunqisē | awushunqisanga | ongashunqisanga | ungashunqisanga |
| Class 4 | ishunqisile, ishunqisē | eshunqisile, eshunqisē | ishunqisile, ishunqisē | ayishunqisanga | engashunqisanga | ingashunqisanga |
| Class 5 | lishunqisile, lishunqisē | elishunqisile, elishunqisē | lishunqisile, lishunqisē | alishunqisanga | elingashunqisanga | lingashunqisanga |
| Class 6 | ashunqisile, ashunqisē | ashunqisile, ashunqisē | eshunqisile, eshunqisē | awashunqisanga | angashunqisanga | engashunqisanga |
| Class 7 | sishunqisile, sishunqisē | esishunqisile, esishunqisē | sishunqisile, sishunqisē | asishunqisanga | esingashunqisanga | singashunqisanga |
| Class 8 | zishunqisile, zishunqisē | ezishunqisile, ezishunqisē | zishunqisile, zishunqisē | azishunqisanga | ezingashunqisanga | zingashunqisanga |
| Class 9 | ishunqisile, ishunqisē | eshunqisile, eshunqisē | ishunqisile, ishunqisē | ayishunqisanga | engashunqisanga | ingashunqisanga |
| Class 10 | zishunqisile, zishunqisē | ezishunqisile, ezishunqisē | zishunqisile, zishunqisē | azishunqisanga | ezingashunqisanga | zingashunqisanga |
| Class 11 | lushunqisile, lushunqisē | olushunqisile, olushunqisē | lushunqisile, lushunqisē | alushunqisanga | olungashunqisanga | lungashunqisanga |
| Class 14 | bushunqisile, bushunqisē | obushunqisile, obushunqisē | bushunqisile, bushunqisē | abushunqisanga | obungashunqisanga | bungashunqisanga |
| Class 15 | kushunqisile, kushunqisē | okushunqisile, okushunqisē | kushunqisile, kushunqisē | akushunqisanga | okungashunqisanga | kungashunqisanga |
| Class 17 | kushunqisile, kushunqisē | okushunqisile, okushunqisē | kushunqisile, kushunqisē | akushunqisanga | okungashunqisanga | kungashunqisanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāshunqisa | engāshunqisa | ngāshunqisa | angishunqisanga | engingashunqisanga | ngingashunqisanga |
| 2nd singular | wāshunqisa | owāshunqisa | wāshunqisa | awushunqisanga | ongashunqisanga | ungashunqisanga |
| 1st plural | sāshunqisa | esāshunqisa | sāshunqisa | asishunqisanga | esingashunqisanga | singashunqisanga |
| 2nd plural | nāshunqisa | enāshunqisa | nāshunqisa | anishunqisanga | eningashunqisanga | ningashunqisanga |
| Class 1 | wāshunqisa | owāshunqisa | āshunqisa | akashunqisanga | ongashunqisanga | engashunqisanga |
| Class 2 | bāshunqisa | abāshunqisa | bāshunqisa | abashunqisanga | abangashunqisanga | bengashunqisanga |
| Class 3 | wāshunqisa | owāshunqisa | wāshunqisa | awushunqisanga | ongashunqisanga | ungashunqisanga |
| Class 4 | yāshunqisa | eyāshunqisa | yāshunqisa | ayishunqisanga | engashunqisanga | ingashunqisanga |
| Class 5 | lāshunqisa | elāshunqisa | lāshunqisa | alishunqisanga | elingashunqisanga | lingashunqisanga |
| Class 6 | āshunqisa | āshunqisa | āshunqisa | awashunqisanga | angashunqisanga | engashunqisanga |
| Class 7 | sāshunqisa | esāshunqisa | sāshunqisa | asishunqisanga | esingashunqisanga | singashunqisanga |
| Class 8 | zāshunqisa | ezāshunqisa | zāshunqisa | azishunqisanga | ezingashunqisanga | zingashunqisanga |
| Class 9 | yāshunqisa | eyāshunqisa | yāshunqisa | ayishunqisanga | engashunqisanga | ingashunqisanga |
| Class 10 | zāshunqisa | ezāshunqisa | zāshunqisa | azishunqisanga | ezingashunqisanga | zingashunqisanga |
| Class 11 | lwāshunqisa | olwāshunqisa | lwāshunqisa | alushunqisanga | olungashunqisanga | lungashunqisanga |
| Class 14 | bāshunqisa | obāshunqisa | bāshunqisa | abushunqisanga | obungashunqisanga | bungashunqisanga |
| Class 15 | kwāshunqisa | okwāshunqisa | kwāshunqisa | akushunqisanga | okungashunqisanga | kungashunqisanga |
| Class 17 | kwāshunqisa | okwāshunqisa | kwāshunqisa | akushunqisanga | okungashunqisanga | kungashunqisanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingashunqisa | — | ngingashunqisa | ngingeshunqise | — | ngingeshunqise |
| 2nd singular | ungashunqisa | — | ungashunqisa | ungeshunqise | — | ungeshunqise |
| 1st plural | singashunqisa | — | singashunqisa | singeshunqise | — | singeshunqise |
| 2nd plural | ningashunqisa | — | ningashunqisa | ningeshunqise | — | ningeshunqise |
| Class 1 | angashunqisa | — | engashunqisa | angeshunqise | — | engeshunqise |
| Class 2 | bangashunqisa | — | bengashunqisa | bangeshunqise | — | bengeshunqise |
| Class 3 | ungashunqisa | — | ungashunqisa | ungeshunqise | — | ungeshunqise |
| Class 4 | ingashunqisa | — | ingashunqisa | ingeshunqise | — | ingeshunqise |
| Class 5 | lingashunqisa | — | lingashunqisa | lingeshunqise | — | lingeshunqise |
| Class 6 | angashunqisa | — | engashunqisa | angeshunqise | — | engeshunqise |
| Class 7 | singashunqisa | — | singashunqisa | singeshunqise | — | singeshunqise |
| Class 8 | zingashunqisa | — | zingashunqisa | zingeshunqise | — | zingeshunqise |
| Class 9 | ingashunqisa | — | ingashunqisa | ingeshunqise | — | ingeshunqise |
| Class 10 | zingashunqisa | — | zingashunqisa | zingeshunqise | — | zingeshunqise |
| Class 11 | lungashunqisa | — | lungashunqisa | lungeshunqise | — | lungeshunqise |
| Class 14 | bungashunqisa | — | bungashunqisa | bungeshunqise | — | bungeshunqise |
| Class 15 | kungashunqisa | — | kungashunqisa | kungeshunqise | — | kungeshunqise |
| Class 17 | kungashunqisa | — | kungashunqisa | kungeshunqise | — | kungeshunqise |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoshunqisa | engizoshunqisa | ngizoshunqisa | angizushunqisa | engingezushunqisa | ngingezushunqisa |
| 2nd singular | uzoshunqisa | ozoshunqisa | uzoshunqisa | awuzushunqisa | ongezushunqisa | ungezushunqisa |
| 1st plural | sizoshunqisa | esizoshunqisa | sizoshunqisa | asizushunqisa | esingezushunqisa | singezushunqisa |
| 2nd plural | nizoshunqisa | enizoshunqisa | nizoshunqisa | anizushunqisa | eningezushunqisa | ningezushunqisa |
| Class 1 | uzoshunqisa | ozoshunqisa | ezoshunqisa | akazushunqisa | ongezushunqisa | engezushunqisa |
| Class 2 | bazoshunqisa | abazoshunqisa | bezoshunqisa | abazushunqisa | abangezushunqisa | bengezushunqisa |
| Class 3 | uzoshunqisa | ozoshunqisa | uzoshunqisa | awuzushunqisa | ongezushunqisa | ungezushunqisa |
| Class 4 | izoshunqisa | ezoshunqisa | izoshunqisa | ayizushunqisa | engezushunqisa | ingezushunqisa |
| Class 5 | lizoshunqisa | elizoshunqisa | lizoshunqisa | alizushunqisa | elingezushunqisa | lingezushunqisa |
| Class 6 | azoshunqisa | azoshunqisa | ezoshunqisa | awazushunqisa | angezushunqisa | engezushunqisa |
| Class 7 | sizoshunqisa | esizoshunqisa | sizoshunqisa | asizushunqisa | esingezushunqisa | singezushunqisa |
| Class 8 | zizoshunqisa | ezizoshunqisa | zizoshunqisa | azizushunqisa | ezingezushunqisa | zingezushunqisa |
| Class 9 | izoshunqisa | ezoshunqisa | izoshunqisa | ayizushunqisa | engezushunqisa | ingezushunqisa |
| Class 10 | zizoshunqisa | ezizoshunqisa | zizoshunqisa | azizushunqisa | ezingezushunqisa | zingezushunqisa |
| Class 11 | luzoshunqisa | oluzoshunqisa | luzoshunqisa | aluzushunqisa | olungezushunqisa | lungezushunqisa |
| Class 14 | buzoshunqisa | obuzoshunqisa | buzoshunqisa | abuzushunqisa | obungezushunqisa | bungezushunqisa |
| Class 15 | kuzoshunqisa | okuzoshunqisa | kuzoshunqisa | akuzushunqisa | okungezushunqisa | kungezushunqisa |
| Class 17 | kuzoshunqisa | okuzoshunqisa | kuzoshunqisa | akuzushunqisa | okungezushunqisa | kungezushunqisa |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoshunqisa | engiyoshunqisa | ngiyoshunqisa | angiyushunqisa | engingeyushunqisa | ngingeyushunqisa |
| 2nd singular | uyoshunqisa | oyoshunqisa | uyoshunqisa | awuyushunqisa | ongeyushunqisa | ungeyushunqisa |
| 1st plural | siyoshunqisa | esiyoshunqisa | siyoshunqisa | asiyushunqisa | esingeyushunqisa | singeyushunqisa |
| 2nd plural | niyoshunqisa | eniyoshunqisa | niyoshunqisa | aniyushunqisa | eningeyushunqisa | ningeyushunqisa |
| Class 1 | uyoshunqisa | oyoshunqisa | eyoshunqisa | akayushunqisa | ongeyushunqisa | engeyushunqisa |
| Class 2 | bayoshunqisa | abayoshunqisa | beyoshunqisa | abayushunqisa | abangeyushunqisa | bengeyushunqisa |
| Class 3 | uyoshunqisa | oyoshunqisa | uyoshunqisa | awuyushunqisa | ongeyushunqisa | ungeyushunqisa |
| Class 4 | iyoshunqisa | eyoshunqisa | iyoshunqisa | ayiyushunqisa | engeyushunqisa | ingeyushunqisa |
| Class 5 | liyoshunqisa | eliyoshunqisa | liyoshunqisa | aliyushunqisa | elingeyushunqisa | lingeyushunqisa |
| Class 6 | ayoshunqisa | ayoshunqisa | eyoshunqisa | awayushunqisa | angeyushunqisa | engeyushunqisa |
| Class 7 | siyoshunqisa | esiyoshunqisa | siyoshunqisa | asiyushunqisa | esingeyushunqisa | singeyushunqisa |
| Class 8 | ziyoshunqisa | eziyoshunqisa | ziyoshunqisa | aziyushunqisa | ezingeyushunqisa | zingeyushunqisa |
| Class 9 | iyoshunqisa | eyoshunqisa | iyoshunqisa | ayiyushunqisa | engeyushunqisa | ingeyushunqisa |
| Class 10 | ziyoshunqisa | eziyoshunqisa | ziyoshunqisa | aziyushunqisa | ezingeyushunqisa | zingeyushunqisa |
| Class 11 | luyoshunqisa | oluyoshunqisa | luyoshunqisa | aluyushunqisa | olungeyushunqisa | lungeyushunqisa |
| Class 14 | buyoshunqisa | obuyoshunqisa | buyoshunqisa | abuyushunqisa | obungeyushunqisa | bungeyushunqisa |
| Class 15 | kuyoshunqisa | okuyoshunqisa | kuyoshunqisa | akuyushunqisa | okungeyushunqisa | kungeyushunqisa |
| Class 17 | kuyoshunqisa | okuyoshunqisa | kuyoshunqisa | akuyushunqisa | okungeyushunqisa | kungeyushunqisa |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngishunqise | ngingashunqisi |
| 2nd singular | ushunqise | ungashunqisi |
| 1st plural | sishunqise | singashunqisi |
| 2nd plural | nishunqise | ningashunqisi |
| Class 1 | ashunqise | angashunqisi |
| Class 2 | bashunqise | bangashunqisi |
| Class 3 | ushunqise | ungashunqisi |
| Class 4 | ishunqise | ingashunqisi |
| Class 5 | lishunqise | lingashunqisi |
| Class 6 | ashunqise | angashunqisi |
| Class 7 | sishunqise | singashunqisi |
| Class 8 | zishunqise | zingashunqisi |
| Class 9 | ishunqise | ingashunqisi |
| Class 10 | zishunqise | zingashunqisi |
| Class 11 | lushunqise | lungashunqisi |
| Class 14 | bushunqise | bungashunqisi |
| Class 15 | kushunqise | kungashunqisi |
| Class 17 | kushunqise | kungashunqisi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngashunqisa | ngangashunqisa, angashunqisa, angangashunqisa |
| 2nd singular | washunqisa | wangashunqisa, awashunqisa, awangashunqisa |
| 1st plural | sashunqisa | sangashunqisa, asashunqisa, asangashunqisa |
| 2nd plural | nashunqisa | nangashunqisa, anashunqisa, anangashunqisa |
| Class 1 | washunqisa | wangashunqisa, akashunqisa, akangashunqisa |
| Class 2 | bashunqisa | bangashunqisa, abashunqisa, abangashunqisa |
| Class 3 | washunqisa | wangashunqisa, awashunqisa, awangashunqisa |
| Class 4 | yashunqisa | yangashunqisa, ayashunqisa, ayangashunqisa |
| Class 5 | lashunqisa | langashunqisa, alashunqisa, alangashunqisa |
| Class 6 | ashunqisa | angashunqisa, awashunqisa, awangashunqisa |
| Class 7 | sashunqisa | sangashunqisa, asashunqisa, asangashunqisa |
| Class 8 | zashunqisa | zangashunqisa, azashunqisa, azangashunqisa |
| Class 9 | yashunqisa | yangashunqisa, ayashunqisa, ayangashunqisa |
| Class 10 | zashunqisa | zangashunqisa, azashunqisa, azangashunqisa |
| Class 11 | lwashunqisa | lwangashunqisa, alwashunqisa, alwangashunqisa |
| Class 14 | bashunqisa | bangashunqisa, abashunqisa, abangashunqisa |
| Class 15 | kwashunqisa | kwangashunqisa, akwashunqisa, akwangashunqisa |
| Class 17 | kwashunqisa | kwangashunqisa, akwashunqisa, akwangashunqisa |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “shunqisa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “shunqisa (3.2.9)”