# 薟

| 薟 | U+859F, &#34207; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-859F |
| ← 薞 [U+859E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 薠 → [U+85A0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

薟 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+13, 19 strokes, cangjie input 廿人一人 (TOMO), four-corner 4488$_6$, composition ⿱艹僉)
* vine

#### Derived characters

* 𣠇, 𤒷

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1061, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32131
* Dae Jaweon: page 1525, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3303, character 15
* Unihan data for U+859F

## Chinese

* Hiam (Southern Min)
* 薟 (Written Standard Chinese)

### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 薟
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 厱 | *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam |
| 歛 | *qʰlaːm |
| 臉 | *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ |
| 醶 | *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ |
| 鹼 | *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam |
| 薟 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram |
| 匳 | *ɡ·ram |
| 獫 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ |
| 蘞 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam |
| 籢 | *ɡ·ram |
| 斂 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
| 瀲 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
| 撿 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ |
| 羷 | *ɡ·ramʔ |
| 殮 | *ɡ·rams |
| 簽 | *skʰlam |
| 僉 | *skʰlam |
| 憸 | *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
| 譣 | *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
| 檢 | *kramʔ |
| 瞼 | *kramʔ |
| 儉 | *ɡramʔ |
| 顩 | *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 嬐 | *ŋramʔ |
| 嶮 | *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ |
| 噞 | *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams |
| 驗 | *ŋrams |
| 險 | *qʰramʔ |
| 劒 | *kams |
| 劍 | *kams |
| 𩏩 | *qʰam |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam)

### Etymology 1

* For pronunciation and definitions of 薟 – see 蘞. (This character is a variant form of 蘞).

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiān, liàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢ, ㄌㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): him$^1$ / cim$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hiam
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hiam$^1$ / hiang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sian
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^1$
*** Yale: syān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shian
*** Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liàn
*** Wade–Giles: lien$^4$
*** Yale: lyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liann
*** Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: him$^1$ / cim$^1$
*** Yale: hīm / chīm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: him$^1$ / tsim$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: him$^1$ / qim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiːm⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰiːm⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiam
*** Tâi-lô: hiam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiafm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiam³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiam⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hiam$^1$ / hiang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiam / hiang
*** Sinological IPA : /hiam³³/, /hiaŋ³³/
* hiam1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
* hiang1 - Chenghai.

#### Definitions

薟
* (Taiwanese, Malaysian and Singapore Hokkien; Teochew; Zhao'an Hakka) spicy
* (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) pungent

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 辛 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 辣, 辛辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 辣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 辣 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 辣 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 辣 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 辣 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 辣 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 辣 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 辣 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 辣 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 辣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 辣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 辣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 辣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 辣 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 辣 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 辣 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 辣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 辣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 辣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 辣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 辣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 辣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 辣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 辣 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 辣 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 辣 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 辣 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 辣 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 辣 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 辣 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 辣 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 辣 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 辣 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 辣 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 辣 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 辣 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Changting | 辣 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 辣 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 辣 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 辣 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 辣 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 薟 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 辣 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 辣 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 辣 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 辣 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 辣 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 辣 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 辣 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 辣 |
| Jin | Linhe | 辣 |
| Jin | Jining | 辣 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 辣 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 辣 |
| Jin | Handan | 辣 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 辣, 薟 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 薟, 辣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 薟, 辣 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 風, 辣 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 薟 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 辣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 辣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 辣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 辣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 辣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 辣 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 辣 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 辣 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 辣 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 辣 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 辣 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 辣 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 辣 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 辣 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 辣 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 辣 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 辣 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 辣 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 辣 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 辣 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 辣 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 辣 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 辣 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 辣 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 辣 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 辣 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 辣 |
| Wu | Danyang | 辣 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 辣 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 辣 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 辣 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 辣 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 辣農 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 辣 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 辣 |

#### Compounds

* 臭尿薟／臭尿莶
* 臭薟薟／臭莶莶
* 薟椒／莶椒
* 薟椒仔／莶椒仔
* 薟薑仔／莶姜仔
* 豨薟／豨莶 (xīxiān)

#### Descendants

* → English: hiam

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), C11965
* “Entry #12347”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
* “薟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): れん (ren)、けん (ken)、こん (kon)、げん (gen)、ごん (gon)
* Kun: やぶからし (yabukarashi)