# 賢者
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiánzhě
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄓㄜˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jin$^4$ ze$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hiân-chiá
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiánzhě
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄓㄜˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siánjhě
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^2$-chê$^3$
*** Yale: syán-jě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyanjee
*** Palladius: сяньчжэ (sjanʹčžɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^4$ ze$^2$
*** Yale: yìhn jé
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^4$ dze$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^4$ zé$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiân-chiá
*** Tâi-lô: hiân-tsiá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hienciar
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sia⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn¹³⁻²² t͡sia⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sia⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²³⁻³³ t͡sia⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: hen tsyaeX
Rime :
| Character | 賢 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 胡田切 | 章也切 |
| Baxter | hen | tsyaeX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦen/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦen/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɛn/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦɛn/ | /cia$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣen/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣien/ | /t͡ɕĭa$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣien/ | /t͡ɕi̯a$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xián | zhě |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^4$ | ze$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[g]ˤi[n] tAʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡiːn tjaːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 賢 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xián | zhě |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hen › | ‹ tsyæ$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[g]ˁi[n]/ | /*tAʔ/ |
| English | worthy | (nominalizing particle) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 賢 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1337 | 16960 |
| Phonetic component | 臣 | 者 |
| Rime group | 眞 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 賢 | 者 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡiːn/ | /*tjaːʔ/ |
| Notes | | 說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水， 爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說 |

### Noun

賢者
* (literary) a person of high moral character; a person of talent; a worthy
    From: 《方輿勝略》, 1610
    Wùnòuchá zài hǎizhōng. Zuò shí zhuān gāo fáng, chéngguō jiān měi. Qí guó wú jūnzhǔ ér guó zhì, měinián dàjiā zhòngrén xuǎn xiánzhě guǎnshì, shì bì zé wèi píngrén. [Pinyin]
    Venice is in the middle of the sea. It has tall buildings of stone brick, and its fortifications are sturdy and beautiful. The country has no monarch, but is yet at peace; every year, the great families and common people choose a wise person to be in charge, and once his work is finished he returns to being a commoner.

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 賢者(けんじゃ) (kenja)
* → Korean: 현자(賢者) (hyeonja)
* → Vietnamese: hiền giả (賢者)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 賢 | 者 |
| けん Grade: S | しゃ > じゃ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 賢者 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けんじゃ [kéꜜǹjà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑa̠]

### Noun

賢(けん)者(じゃ) • (kenja)
* a wise man; a sage

#### Derived terms

* 賢者(けんじゃ)の石(いし) (kenja no ishi)
* 賢者(けんじゃ)タイム (kenja taimu)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 賢 | 者 |

### Noun

賢者
* chữ Hán form of hiền giả.