# ethemba
## Zulu
### Alternative forms

* themba

### Verb

-ethémba
* (intransitive) to hope, to trust
* (intransitive) to have faith, to be confident
* (transitive) to trust
* (transitive) to anticipate, to expect

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukwethemba |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukwethemba | ukungethembi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | yethemba | -ethembe |
| Plural | yethembani | -ethembeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyethemba, ngethemba | engethembayo, engethemba | ngethemba | angethembi | engingethembi | ngingethembi |
| 2nd singular | uyethemba, wethemba | owethembayo, owethemba | wethemba | awethembi | ongethembi | ungethembi |
| 1st plural | siyethemba, sethemba | esethembayo, esethemba | sethemba | asethembi | esingethembi | singethembi |
| 2nd plural | niyethemba, nethemba | enethembayo, enethemba | nethemba | anethembi | eningethembi | ningethembi |
| Class 1 | uyethemba, wethemba | owethembayo, owethemba | ethemba | akethembi | ongethembi | engethembi |
| Class 2 | bayethemba, bethemba | abethembayo, abethemba | bethemba | abethembi | abangethembi | bengethembi |
| Class 3 | uyethemba, wethemba | owethembayo, owethemba | wethemba | awethembi | ongethembi | ungethembi |
| Class 4 | iyethemba, yethemba | eyethembayo, eyethemba | yethemba | ayethembi | engethembi | ingethembi |
| Class 5 | liyethemba, lethemba | elethembayo, elethemba | lethemba | alethembi | elingethembi | lingethembi |
| Class 6 | ayethemba, ethemba | ethembayo, ethemba | ethemba | awethembi | angethembi | engethembi |
| Class 7 | siyethemba, sethemba | esethembayo, esethemba | sethemba | asethembi | esingethembi | singethembi |
| Class 8 | ziyethemba, zethemba | ezethembayo, ezethemba | zethemba | azethembi | ezingethembi | zingethembi |
| Class 9 | iyethemba, yethemba | eyethembayo, eyethemba | yethemba | ayethembi | engethembi | ingethembi |
| Class 10 | ziyethemba, zethemba | ezethembayo, ezethemba | zethemba | azethembi | ezingethembi | zingethembi |
| Class 11 | luyethemba, lwethemba | olwethembayo, olwethemba | lwethemba | alwethembi | olungethembi | lungethembi |
| Class 14 | buyethemba, bethemba | obethembayo, obethemba | bethemba | abethembi | obungethembi | bungethembi |
| Class 15 | kuyethemba, kwethemba | okwethembayo, okwethemba | kwethemba | akwethembi | okungethembi | kungethembi |
| Class 17 | kuyethemba, kwethemba | okwethembayo, okwethemba | kwethemba | akwethembi | okungethembi | kungethembi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngethembile, ngethembē | engethembile, engethembē | ngethembile, ngethembē | angethembanga | engingethembanga | ngingethembanga |
| 2nd singular | wethembile, wethembē | owethembile, owethembē | wethembile, wethembē | awethembanga | ongethembanga | ungethembanga |
| 1st plural | sethembile, sethembē | esethembile, esethembē | sethembile, sethembē | asethembanga | esingethembanga | singethembanga |
| 2nd plural | nethembile, nethembē | enethembile, enethembē | nethembile, nethembē | anethembanga | eningethembanga | ningethembanga |
| Class 1 | wethembile, wethembē | owethembile, owethembē | ethembile, ethembē | akethembanga | ongethembanga | engethembanga |
| Class 2 | bethembile, bethembē | abethembile, abethembē | bethembile, bethembē | abethembanga | abangethembanga | bengethembanga |
| Class 3 | wethembile, wethembē | owethembile, owethembē | wethembile, wethembē | awethembanga | ongethembanga | ungethembanga |
| Class 4 | yethembile, yethembē | eyethembile, eyethembē | yethembile, yethembē | ayethembanga | engethembanga | ingethembanga |
| Class 5 | lethembile, lethembē | elethembile, elethembē | lethembile, lethembē | alethembanga | elingethembanga | lingethembanga |
| Class 6 | ethembile, ethembē | ethembile, ethembē | ethembile, ethembē | awethembanga | angethembanga | engethembanga |
| Class 7 | sethembile, sethembē | esethembile, esethembē | sethembile, sethembē | asethembanga | esingethembanga | singethembanga |
| Class 8 | zethembile, zethembē | ezethembile, ezethembē | zethembile, zethembē | azethembanga | ezingethembanga | zingethembanga |
| Class 9 | yethembile, yethembē | eyethembile, eyethembē | yethembile, yethembē | ayethembanga | engethembanga | ingethembanga |
| Class 10 | zethembile, zethembē | ezethembile, ezethembē | zethembile, zethembē | azethembanga | ezingethembanga | zingethembanga |
| Class 11 | lwethembile, lwethembē | olwethembile, olwethembē | lwethembile, lwethembē | alwethembanga | olungethembanga | lungethembanga |
| Class 14 | bethembile, bethembē | obethembile, obethembē | bethembile, bethembē | abethembanga | obungethembanga | bungethembanga |
| Class 15 | kwethembile, kwethembē | okwethembile, okwethembē | kwethembile, kwethembē | akwethembanga | okungethembanga | kungethembanga |
| Class 17 | kwethembile, kwethembē | okwethembile, okwethembē | kwethembile, kwethembē | akwethembanga | okungethembanga | kungethembanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngēthemba | engēthemba | ngēthemba | angethembanga | engingethembanga | ngingethembanga |
| 2nd singular | wēthemba | owēthemba | wēthemba | awethembanga | ongethembanga | ungethembanga |
| 1st plural | sēthemba | esēthemba | sēthemba | asethembanga | esingethembanga | singethembanga |
| 2nd plural | nēthemba | enēthemba | nēthemba | anethembanga | eningethembanga | ningethembanga |
| Class 1 | wēthemba | owēthemba | ēthemba | akethembanga | ongethembanga | engethembanga |
| Class 2 | bēthemba | abēthemba | bēthemba | abethembanga | abangethembanga | bengethembanga |
| Class 3 | wēthemba | owēthemba | wēthemba | awethembanga | ongethembanga | ungethembanga |
| Class 4 | yēthemba | eyēthemba | yēthemba | ayethembanga | engethembanga | ingethembanga |
| Class 5 | lēthemba | elēthemba | lēthemba | alethembanga | elingethembanga | lingethembanga |
| Class 6 | ēthemba | ēthemba | ēthemba | awethembanga | angethembanga | engethembanga |
| Class 7 | sēthemba | esēthemba | sēthemba | asethembanga | esingethembanga | singethembanga |
| Class 8 | zēthemba | ezēthemba | zēthemba | azethembanga | ezingethembanga | zingethembanga |
| Class 9 | yēthemba | eyēthemba | yēthemba | ayethembanga | engethembanga | ingethembanga |
| Class 10 | zēthemba | ezēthemba | zēthemba | azethembanga | ezingethembanga | zingethembanga |
| Class 11 | lwēthemba | olwēthemba | lwēthemba | alwethembanga | olungethembanga | lungethembanga |
| Class 14 | bēthemba | obēthemba | bēthemba | abethembanga | obungethembanga | bungethembanga |
| Class 15 | kwēthemba | okwēthemba | kwēthemba | akwethembanga | okungethembanga | kungethembanga |
| Class 17 | kwēthemba | okwēthemba | kwēthemba | akwethembanga | okungethembanga | kungethembanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingethemba | — | ngingethemba | ngingethembe | — | ngingethembe |
| 2nd singular | ungethemba | — | ungethemba | ungethembe | — | ungethembe |
| 1st plural | singethemba | — | singethemba | singethembe | — | singethembe |
| 2nd plural | ningethemba | — | ningethemba | ningethembe | — | ningethembe |
| Class 1 | angethemba | — | engethemba | angethembe | — | engethembe |
| Class 2 | bangethemba | — | bengethemba | bangethembe | — | bengethembe |
| Class 3 | ungethemba | — | ungethemba | ungethembe | — | ungethembe |
| Class 4 | ingethemba | — | ingethemba | ingethembe | — | ingethembe |
| Class 5 | lingethemba | — | lingethemba | lingethembe | — | lingethembe |
| Class 6 | angethemba | — | engethemba | angethembe | — | engethembe |
| Class 7 | singethemba | — | singethemba | singethembe | — | singethembe |
| Class 8 | zingethemba | — | zingethemba | zingethembe | — | zingethembe |
| Class 9 | ingethemba | — | ingethemba | ingethembe | — | ingethembe |
| Class 10 | zingethemba | — | zingethemba | zingethembe | — | zingethembe |
| Class 11 | lungethemba | — | lungethemba | lungethembe | — | lungethembe |
| Class 14 | bungethemba | — | bungethemba | bungethembe | — | bungethembe |
| Class 15 | kungethemba | — | kungethemba | kungethembe | — | kungethembe |
| Class 17 | kungethemba | — | kungethemba | kungethembe | — | kungethembe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizokwethemba | engizokwethemba | ngizokwethemba | angizukwethemba | engingezukwethemba | ngingezukwethemba |
| 2nd singular | uzokwethemba | ozokwethemba | uzokwethemba | awuzukwethemba | ongezukwethemba | ungezukwethemba |
| 1st plural | sizokwethemba | esizokwethemba | sizokwethemba | asizukwethemba | esingezukwethemba | singezukwethemba |
| 2nd plural | nizokwethemba | enizokwethemba | nizokwethemba | anizukwethemba | eningezukwethemba | ningezukwethemba |
| Class 1 | uzokwethemba | ozokwethemba | ezokwethemba | akazukwethemba | ongezukwethemba | engezukwethemba |
| Class 2 | bazokwethemba | abazokwethemba | bezokwethemba | abazukwethemba | abangezukwethemba | bengezukwethemba |
| Class 3 | uzokwethemba | ozokwethemba | uzokwethemba | awuzukwethemba | ongezukwethemba | ungezukwethemba |
| Class 4 | izokwethemba | ezokwethemba | izokwethemba | ayizukwethemba | engezukwethemba | ingezukwethemba |
| Class 5 | lizokwethemba | elizokwethemba | lizokwethemba | alizukwethemba | elingezukwethemba | lingezukwethemba |
| Class 6 | azokwethemba | azokwethemba | ezokwethemba | awazukwethemba | angezukwethemba | engezukwethemba |
| Class 7 | sizokwethemba | esizokwethemba | sizokwethemba | asizukwethemba | esingezukwethemba | singezukwethemba |
| Class 8 | zizokwethemba | ezizokwethemba | zizokwethemba | azizukwethemba | ezingezukwethemba | zingezukwethemba |
| Class 9 | izokwethemba | ezokwethemba | izokwethemba | ayizukwethemba | engezukwethemba | ingezukwethemba |
| Class 10 | zizokwethemba | ezizokwethemba | zizokwethemba | azizukwethemba | ezingezukwethemba | zingezukwethemba |
| Class 11 | luzokwethemba | oluzokwethemba | luzokwethemba | aluzukwethemba | olungezukwethemba | lungezukwethemba |
| Class 14 | buzokwethemba | obuzokwethemba | buzokwethemba | abuzukwethemba | obungezukwethemba | bungezukwethemba |
| Class 15 | kuzokwethemba | okuzokwethemba | kuzokwethemba | akuzukwethemba | okungezukwethemba | kungezukwethemba |
| Class 17 | kuzokwethemba | okuzokwethemba | kuzokwethemba | akuzukwethemba | okungezukwethemba | kungezukwethemba |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyokwethemba | engiyokwethemba | ngiyokwethemba | angiyukwethemba | engingeyukwethemba | ngingeyukwethemba |
| 2nd singular | uyokwethemba | oyokwethemba | uyokwethemba | awuyukwethemba | ongeyukwethemba | ungeyukwethemba |
| 1st plural | siyokwethemba | esiyokwethemba | siyokwethemba | asiyukwethemba | esingeyukwethemba | singeyukwethemba |
| 2nd plural | niyokwethemba | eniyokwethemba | niyokwethemba | aniyukwethemba | eningeyukwethemba | ningeyukwethemba |
| Class 1 | uyokwethemba | oyokwethemba | eyokwethemba | akayukwethemba | ongeyukwethemba | engeyukwethemba |
| Class 2 | bayokwethemba | abayokwethemba | beyokwethemba | abayukwethemba | abangeyukwethemba | bengeyukwethemba |
| Class 3 | uyokwethemba | oyokwethemba | uyokwethemba | awuyukwethemba | ongeyukwethemba | ungeyukwethemba |
| Class 4 | iyokwethemba | eyokwethemba | iyokwethemba | ayiyukwethemba | engeyukwethemba | ingeyukwethemba |
| Class 5 | liyokwethemba | eliyokwethemba | liyokwethemba | aliyukwethemba | elingeyukwethemba | lingeyukwethemba |
| Class 6 | ayokwethemba | ayokwethemba | eyokwethemba | awayukwethemba | angeyukwethemba | engeyukwethemba |
| Class 7 | siyokwethemba | esiyokwethemba | siyokwethemba | asiyukwethemba | esingeyukwethemba | singeyukwethemba |
| Class 8 | ziyokwethemba | eziyokwethemba | ziyokwethemba | aziyukwethemba | ezingeyukwethemba | zingeyukwethemba |
| Class 9 | iyokwethemba | eyokwethemba | iyokwethemba | ayiyukwethemba | engeyukwethemba | ingeyukwethemba |
| Class 10 | ziyokwethemba | eziyokwethemba | ziyokwethemba | aziyukwethemba | ezingeyukwethemba | zingeyukwethemba |
| Class 11 | luyokwethemba | oluyokwethemba | luyokwethemba | aluyukwethemba | olungeyukwethemba | lungeyukwethemba |
| Class 14 | buyokwethemba | obuyokwethemba | buyokwethemba | abuyukwethemba | obungeyukwethemba | bungeyukwethemba |
| Class 15 | kuyokwethemba | okuyokwethemba | kuyokwethemba | akuyukwethemba | okungeyukwethemba | kungeyukwethemba |
| Class 17 | kuyokwethemba | okuyokwethemba | kuyokwethemba | akuyukwethemba | okungeyukwethemba | kungeyukwethemba |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngethembe | ngingethembi |
| 2nd singular | wethembe | ungethembi |
| 1st plural | sethembe | singethembi |
| 2nd plural | nethembe | ningethembi |
| Class 1 | ethembe | angethembi |
| Class 2 | bethembe | bangethembi |
| Class 3 | wethembe | ungethembi |
| Class 4 | yethembe | ingethembi |
| Class 5 | lethembe | lingethembi |
| Class 6 | ethembe | angethembi |
| Class 7 | sethembe | singethembi |
| Class 8 | zethembe | zingethembi |
| Class 9 | yethembe | ingethembi |
| Class 10 | zethembe | zingethembi |
| Class 11 | lwethembe | lungethembi |
| Class 14 | bethembe | bungethembi |
| Class 15 | kwethembe | kungethembi |
| Class 17 | kwethembe | kungethembi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngethemba | ngangethemba, angethemba, angangethemba |
| 2nd singular | wethemba | wangethemba, awethemba, awangethemba |
| 1st plural | sethemba | sangethemba, asethemba, asangethemba |
| 2nd plural | nethemba | nangethemba, anethemba, anangethemba |
| Class 1 | wethemba | wangethemba, akethemba, akangethemba |
| Class 2 | bethemba | bangethemba, abethemba, abangethemba |
| Class 3 | wethemba | wangethemba, awethemba, awangethemba |
| Class 4 | yethemba | yangethemba, ayethemba, ayangethemba |
| Class 5 | lethemba | langethemba, alethemba, alangethemba |
| Class 6 | ethemba | angethemba, awethemba, awangethemba |
| Class 7 | sethemba | sangethemba, asethemba, asangethemba |
| Class 8 | zethemba | zangethemba, azethemba, azangethemba |
| Class 9 | yethemba | yangethemba, ayethemba, ayangethemba |
| Class 10 | zethemba | zangethemba, azethemba, azangethemba |
| Class 11 | lwethemba | lwangethemba, alwethemba, alwangethemba |
| Class 14 | bethemba | bangethemba, abethemba, abangethemba |
| Class 15 | kwethemba | kwangethemba, akwethemba, akwangethemba |
| Class 17 | kwethemba | kwangethemba, akwethemba, akwangethemba |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ethemba”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ethemba (3.2.9)”