# 擋

| 擋 | U+64CB, &#25803; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-64CB |
| ← 擊 [U+64CA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 擌 → [U+64CC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

擋 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 手火月田 (QFBW), four-corner 5906$_6$, composition ⿰扌當)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 458, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12802
* Dae Jaweon: page 807, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1968, character 3
* Unihan data for U+64CB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 當 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 襠 | *taːŋ |
| 鐺 | *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ |
| 簹 | *taːŋ |
| 璫 | *taːŋ |
| 檔 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 儅 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 蟷 | *taːŋ |
| 擋 | *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs |
| 黨 | *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 讜 | *taːŋʔ |
| 欓 | *taːŋʔ |
| 譡 | *taːŋs |
| 闣 | *taːŋs |
| 瓽 | *taːŋs |
| 鏜 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 闛 | *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ |
| 鼞 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 曭 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 儻 | *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs |
| 戃 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 矘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 爣 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 攩 | *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs |
| 淌 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 倘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 躺 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 趟 | *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs |
| 堂 | *daːŋ |
| 坣 | *daːŋ |
| 棠 | *daːŋ |
| 糛 | *daːŋ |
| 螳 | *daːŋ |
| 隚 | *daːŋ |
| 橖 | *daːŋ |
| 掌 | *tjaŋʔ |
| 廠 | *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs |
| 敞 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 僘 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 氅 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 常 | *djaŋ |
| 嘗 | *djaŋ |
| 裳 | *djaŋ |
| 徜 | *djaŋ |
| 尚 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 甞 | *djaŋ |
| 鋿 | *djaŋ |
| 嫦 | *djaŋ |
| 償 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 賞 | *hjaŋʔ |
| 瞠 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 撐 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 樘 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 橕 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 牚 | *rtʰaːŋs |
| 埫 | *tʰoŋʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 當 (OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs).

### Etymology

From 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to have the value of; to be equal of; to face; vis-à-vis; to match”) and originally written as 當 (Wang, 1982).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dǎng, dàng (dang$^3$, dang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄤˇ, ㄉㄤˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dong$^2$ / dong$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ong$^2$ / dong$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tóng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): dong$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dáung / dōng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tóng / tòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dang$^3$ / deng$^3$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$taon / $^3$taon; $^5$taon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dǎng
*** Wade–Giles: tang$^3$
*** Yale: dǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daang
*** Palladius: дан (dan)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑŋ²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, literary)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàng
*** Wade–Giles: tang$^4$
*** Yale: dàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: danq
*** Palladius: дан (dan)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dong$^2$ / dong$^3$
*** Yale: dóng / dong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dong$^2$ / dong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dong$^2$ / dong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔːŋ³⁵/, /tɔːŋ³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ong$^2$ / dong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔŋ⁵⁵/, /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
* ong2 - “to block”;
* dong2 - “gear”.
* Middle Chinese: tangH
Rime :
| Character | 擋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 丁浪切 |
| Baxter | tangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /taŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dong$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*taːŋʔ/, /*taːŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 擋 | 擋 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11112 | 11118 |
| Phonetic component | 尚 | 尚 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 黨 | 譡 |
| Old Chinese | /*taːŋʔ/ | /*taːŋs/ |
| Notes | 當分化字或作攩 | |

### Definitions

擋
* to block; to obstruct
    擋住去路／挡住去路 ― dǎng zhù qùlù ― to block the way
       wan$^2$ je$^5$ dong$^2$ zyu$^6$ di$^1$ jyu$^5$ [Jyutping]
       find something to protect oneself from (lit. block off) the rain
    From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
    Xuándé kǔ dǎng, Yúncháng bù yī, zhǐ lǐng wǔbǎi jiàodāoshǒu ér qù. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to hide from view; to cover; to obscure
* (automotive) gear
    二擋／二挡 ― èrdǎng ― second gear
    手動擋／手动挡 ― shǒudòngdǎng ― manual transmission
    跳擋／跳挡 ― tiàodǎng ― to pop out of gear; to skip a gear when shifting
* (Northern Wu) to handle; to keep in place; to hold fast; to hold and shield with hand
    擋筷兒／挡筷儿 [Suzhounese] ― $^5$taon $^1$khue-ng$_0$ [Wugniu] ― to hold a pair of chopsticks steady; (broadly) to use chopsticks
    From: 2017, 胡寶談 [Hu Baotan],上海人門檻 [The Shanghainese Way of Passing]
    $^6$da-ka $^1$khoe-ci-tsy $^6$viau $^7$haq-iq-haq-gheq-a $^1$iau-cin $^1$pen-zaon-le $^5$hau-bu $^5$taon-taon $^6$lau $^6$ve-iq $^7$tiq-gho-le $^5$tshaon-jion-wu-le [Wugniu]
    Now everybody gets anxious at the sight of this of course; they rush and run to support granny and keep her on there; it'd be a disaster if she actually fell.

#### Synonyms

* (to block):
* 不通 (bùtōng)
* 堵塞
* 堵截 (dǔjié)
* 堵窒 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 妨礙／妨碍 (fáng'ài)
* 徑杈／径杈 (Hakka)
* 截 (jié)
* 掛礙／挂碍 (guà'ài)
* 擋住／挡住 (dǎngzhù)
* 攔／拦 (lán)
* 攔住／拦住 (lánzhù)
* 攔截／拦截 (lánjié)
* 攔擋／拦挡 (lándǎng)
* 攔閘／拦闸 (Hokkien)
* 攔阻／拦阻 (lánzǔ)
* 有礙／有碍 (yǒu'ài)
* 梗塞
* 滯滯／滞滞 (Hokkien)
* 滯礙／滞碍 (zhì'ài)
* 礙噠／碍哒 (ngai$^5$ da) (Xiang)
* 窒礙／窒碍 (zhì'ài) (literary)
* 蔽塞 (bìsè) (literary)
* 蔽障 (bìzhàng)
* 遮 (literary, or in compounds)
* 邀 (yāo)
* 閉塞／闭塞 (bìsè)
* 阻住 (zo$^2$ zyu$^6$) (Cantonese)
* 阻塞
* 阻撓／阻挠 (zǔnáo)
* 阻擋／阻挡 (zǔdǎng)
* 阻攔／阻拦 (zǔlán)
* 阻滯／阻滞 (zǔzhì)
* 阻礙／阻碍 (zǔ'ài)
* 阻窒 (Hokkien)
* 障礙／障碍 (zhàng'ài)
* (to hide from view):
* 掩 (yǎn)
* 掩蔽 (yǎnbì) (usually military)
* 蒙上 (méngshàng)
* 蔽障 (bìzhàng)
* 被覆 (bèifù)
* 遮蓋／遮盖 (zhēgài)
* 遮蔽 (zhēbì)
* 障蔽 (zhàngbì)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to block”):
* 放行 (fàngxíng)
* 暢通／畅通 (chàngtōng)
* 通行 (tōngxíng)

### Compounds

* 單擋／单挡
* 大擋手的／大挡手的
* 打擋／打挡
* 抵擋／抵挡 (dǐdǎng)
* 排擋／排挡 (páidǎng)
* 擋一水／挡一水
* 擋不住／挡不住
* 擋人牌／挡人牌
* 擋住／挡住 (dǎngzhù)
* 擋修／挡修
* 擋口／挡口
* 擋土牆／挡土墙 (dǎngtǔqiáng)
* 擋子／挡子
* 擋手／挡手
* 擋搶／挡抢
* 擋橫兒／挡横儿
* 擋油牆／挡油墙
* 擋禦／挡御
* 擋箭牌／挡箭牌 (dǎngjiànpái)
* 擋路／挡路 (dǎnglù)
* 擋雨／挡雨 (dǎngyǔ)
* 擋頭陣／挡头阵
* 擋風／挡风 (dǎngfēng)
* 擋風玻璃／挡风玻璃
* 擋駕／挡驾 (dǎngjià)
* 攔擋／拦挡 (lándǎng)
* 橫攔豎擋／横拦竖挡
* 跳擋／跳挡
* 這個擋口／这个挡口
* 遮擋／遮挡 (zhēdǎng)
* 遮風擋雨／遮风挡雨 (zhēfēngdǎngyǔ)
* 阻擋／阻挡 (zǔdǎng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: とう (tō)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kun: さける (sakeru, 擋ける)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

擋: Hán Nôm readings: đương, đáng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.