# 降級
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiàngjí
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄐㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gong$^3$ kap$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kàng-kip / kàng-khip
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gang$^3$ kib$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàngjí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄐㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàngjí
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^4$-chi$^2$
*** Yale: jyàng-jí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianqjyi
*** Palladius: цзянцзи (czjanczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong$^3$ kap$^1$
*** Yale: gong kāp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong$^3$ kap$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong$^3$ keb$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːŋ³³ kʰɐp̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàng-kip
*** Tâi-lô: kàng-kip
*** Phofsit Daibuun: karngkib
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kip̚⁵/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kip̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kip̚³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kip̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàng-khip
*** Tâi-lô: kàng-khip
*** Phofsit Daibuun: karngqib
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰip̚⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gang$^3$ kib$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kàng khip
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰip̚²/

### Verb

降級
* to reduce to a lower rank; to demote
* to send (a student) to a lower grade
* (computing) to downgrade

#### Synonyms

* (to demote):
* 左遷／左迁 (zuǒqiān) (literary)
* 燉冬菇／炖冬菇 (dan$^6$ dung$^1$ gu$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 甪職／甪职 (Hokkien)
* 落格 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 貶官／贬官 (biǎnguān) (an official)
* 貶斥／贬斥 (biǎnchì) (literary)
* 貶職／贬职 (biǎnzhí) (literary)
* 貶黜／贬黜 (biǎnchù) (literary)
* 降職／降职 (jiàngzhí)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 降 | 級 |
| こう Grade: 6 | きゅう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーきゅう [kòókyúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞ːkʲɨː]

### Noun

降(こう)級(きゅう) • (kōkyū)
* demotion, reduction in rank

#### Antonyms

* 昇給(しょうきゅう) (shōkyū)

### Verb

降(こう)級(きゅう)する • (kōkyū suru) suru (stem 降(こう)級(きゅう)し (kōkyū shi), past 降(こう)級(きゅう)した (kōkyū shita))
* to demote, reduce in rank

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 降級し | こうきゅうし | kōkyū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 降級し | こうきゅうし | kōkyū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 降級する | こうきゅうする | kōkyū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 降級する | こうきゅうする | kōkyū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 降級すれ | こうきゅうすれ | kōkyū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 降級せよ¹ 降級しろ² | こうきゅうせよ¹ こうきゅうしろ² | kōkyū seyo¹ kōkyū shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 降級される | こうきゅうされる | kōkyū sareru |
| Causative | 降級させる 降級さす | こうきゅうさせる こうきゅうさす | kōkyū saseru kōkyū sasu |
| Potential | 降級できる | こうきゅうできる | kōkyū dekiru |
| Volitional | 降級しよう | こうきゅうしよう | kōkyū shiyō |
| Negative | 降級しない | こうきゅうしない | kōkyū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 降級せず | こうきゅうせず | kōkyū sezu |
| Formal | 降級します | こうきゅうします | kōkyū shimasu |
| Perfective | 降級した | こうきゅうした | kōkyū shita |
| Conjunctive | 降級して | こうきゅうして | kōkyū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 降級すれば | こうきゅうすれば | kōkyū sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN