# شلغم
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃal.ɣam/

### Noun

شَلْغَم • (šalḡam) m
* alternative form of شَلْجَم (šaljam)

#### Declension
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian شلغم (šalğam, “turnip”).

### Noun

شلغم • (şalğam)
* turnip, any plant with a white, edible root of the species Brassica rapa

#### Descendants

* Turkish: şalgam
* → Armenian: շալղամ (šalġam)
* → Georgian: შალღამი (šalɣami) — Javakheti, Meskheti, Chveneburi
* → Greek: σαλγάμι (salgámi)
* → Laz: შალღამი (şalğami)

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “şalgam”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4423
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “شلغم”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 289b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “شلغم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 732
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Rapa”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1434
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “شلغم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2852
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “şalgam”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “شلغم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1134

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* شملغ (šamlağ), شملخ (šamlax), شلم (šalam), ثلجم (saljam)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (SLKʾ /⁠šalgam⁠/), possibly from Ancient Greek σικελικόν (sikelikón, literally “the Sicilian one”). Cognate with Old Armenian շաղգամ (šałgam), Classical Syriac ܫܠܓܡܐ (šalgəmā), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic שלגמא (šalgəmā), Georgian თალგამი (talgami), ܣܠܩܐ (silqā, selqā), Aramaic סילקא, Neo-Babylonian 𒌑𒋛𒅋𒋡 (/⁠silqu⁠/), Arabic سِلْق (silq), Arabic شَلْجَم (šaljam), Russian свёкла (svjókla), and Ancient Greek σεῦκλον (seûklon).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃal.ɣam]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃäl.ɣäm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃäl.ɣäm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃäl.ɣäm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃäl.ɣäm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃæl.ɢæm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃäl.ʁäm]

### Noun

| Dari | شلغم |
| Iranian Persian | شلغم |
| Tajik | шалғам |
شلغم • (šalğam) (plural شلغم‌ها (šalğam-hâ))
* turnip

#### Inflection

Enclitic-attached forms of شلغم (šalğam) (Iranian Persian) :

#### Descendants

* → Arabic: شَلْجَم (šaljam), سَلْجَم (saljam), شَلْغَم (šalḡam), ثَلْجَم (ṯaljam)
** → Galician: acelga
** → Gujarati: શલજમ (śaljam)
** → Middle Armenian: շալճամ (šalčam), սալճամ (salčam)
** → Portuguese: acelga
** → Spanish: acelga
** → Ottoman Turkish: شلجم (şelcem)
* → Azerbaijani: şalğam
* → Assamese: চালগোম (salogüm)
* → Bashkir: шалҡан (şalqan)
* → Bengali: শালগম (śalogom)
* → Gujarati: સલગમ (salgam), શલગમ (śalgam)
* → Hindustani:
    → Hindi: शलगम (śalgam)
    → Urdu: شلغم (šalğam)
* → Kazakh: шалғам (şalğam), шалқан (şalqan)
* → Middle Armenian: շալղամ (šalġam)
** Armenian: շալղամ (šalġam)
* → Northern Kurdish: şêlim
* → Ottoman Turkish: شلغم (şelgam, şalgam)
** Turkish: şalgam, şalğam
** → Greek: σαλγάμι (salgámi)
* → Punjabi: ਸ਼ਲਗਮ (śalgam)
* → Turkmen: şalgam

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “շաղգամ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 489b
* Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 311
* Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 264
* Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 346–352
* Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1982) Očerki po istorii leksiki pamirskix jazykov. Nazvanija kulʹturnyx rastenij [Essays on the history of Pamir languages. Names of cultivated plants] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 75–77