# 啼哭
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tíkū
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧˊ ㄎㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tai$^4$ huk$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thî-khàu / thê-khok
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tíkū
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˊ ㄎㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tíku
*** Wade–Giles: tʻi$^2$-kʻu$^1$
*** Yale: tí-kū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyiku
*** Palladius: тику (tiku)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi³⁵ kʰu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tai$^4$ huk$^1$
*** Yale: tàih hūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tai$^4$ huk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tei$^4$ hug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɐi̯²¹ hʊk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thî-khàu
*** Tâi-lô: thî-khàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ti'qaux
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰi¹³⁻²² kʰau²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰau¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰi²⁴⁻²² kʰau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰi²³⁻³³ kʰau²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰi²⁴⁻²² kʰau²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thê-khok
*** Tâi-lô: thê-khok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: te'qog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰe¹³⁻²² kʰɔk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: dej khuwk
Rime :
| Character | 啼 | 哭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | I |
| Fanqie | 杜奚切 | 空谷切 |
| Baxter | dej | khuwk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dei/ | /kʰuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dei/ | /kʰuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛi/ | /kʰuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛj/ | /kʰəwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /dei/ | /kʰuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /diei/ | /kʰuk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱiei/ | /kʰuk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tí | ku |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tai$^4$ | huk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.lˤe [kʰ]ˤok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*deː ŋ̊ʰoːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 啼 | 哭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tí | kū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dej › | ‹ khuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.lˁe/ | /*[kʰ]ˁok/ |
| English | weep, howl | weep |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 啼 | 哭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2315 | 16031 |
| Phonetic component | 帝 | 獄 |
| Rime group | 支 | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 嗁 | 哭 |
| Old Chinese | /*deː/ | /*ŋ̊ʰoːɡ/ |
| Notes | 同嗁 | 說文獄省聲 |

### Verb

啼哭
* to cry loudly; to wail

#### Synonyms

* 咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
* 哭 (kū)
* 哭泣 (kūqì)
* 哭訴／哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
* 哭鼻子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous)
* 啜氣／啜气 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 啜泣 (chuòqì)
* 啼 (tí) (literary, or in compounds)
* 嗆／呛 (Hokkien)
* 嗚咽／呜咽 (wūyè)
* 大哭 (dàkū) (to weep loudly)
* 忽喇 (hueh$^4$ ci$^1$) (Jin)
* 抽咽 (chōuyè)
* 抽噎 (chōuyē)
* 抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
* 抽泣 (chōuqì)
* 泣 (literary, or in compounds)
* 流淚／流泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)
* 流眼淚／流眼泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)
* 痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)
* 號哭／号哭 (háokū) (to wail)
* 號啕／号啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)
* 飲泣／饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 啼 | 哭 |
| てい Hyōgai | こく Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てーこく [tèékókú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [te̞ːko̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

啼(てい)哭(こく) • (teikoku)
* crying and shouting loudly

### Verb

啼(てい)哭(こく)する • (teikoku suru) suru (stem 啼(てい)哭(こく)し (teikoku shi), past 啼(てい)哭(こく)した (teikoku shita))
* to cry and shout loudly

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 啼哭し | ていこくし | teikoku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 啼哭し | ていこくし | teikoku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 啼哭する | ていこくする | teikoku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 啼哭する | ていこくする | teikoku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 啼哭すれ | ていこくすれ | teikoku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 啼哭せよ¹ 啼哭しろ² | ていこくせよ¹ ていこくしろ² | teikoku seyo¹ teikoku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 啼哭される | ていこくされる | teikoku sareru |
| Causative | 啼哭させる 啼哭さす | ていこくさせる ていこくさす | teikoku saseru teikoku sasu |
| Potential | 啼哭できる | ていこくできる | teikoku dekiru |
| Volitional | 啼哭しよう | ていこくしよう | teikoku shiyō |
| Negative | 啼哭しない | ていこくしない | teikoku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 啼哭せず | ていこくせず | teikoku sezu |
| Formal | 啼哭します | ていこくします | teikoku shimasu |
| Perfective | 啼哭した | ていこくした | teikoku shita |
| Conjunctive | 啼哭して | ていこくして | teikoku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 啼哭すれば | ていこくすれば | teikoku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Synonyms

* 哭泣(こっきゅう) (kokkyū)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN