# 夙

| 夙 | U+5919, &#22809; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5919 |
| ← 夘 [U+5918] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 多 → [U+591A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

夙 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓一弓戈 (HNMNI), four-corner 7721$_0$, composition ⿵几歹)

#### Derived characters

* 㑉, 𰉬, 洬, 珟, 𱽢, 𭂳, 𤥔, 㓘

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 246, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5755
* Dae Jaweon: page 489, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 861, character 7
* Unihan data for U+5919

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 夙 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 洬 | *suːɡ |
| 夙 | *suɡ |
The oracle bone script consisted of 月 (“moon”) and 丮, and resembled a man holding the moon, probably representing the worship of the moon. Alternatively, it might represent a person working under the moon in the early morning when the moon has not set.
In some forms of its bronze inscription, 月 corrupted into 夕.
丮 later got reduced into 凡.

### Etymology

Schuessler (2007) compares this with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-sok ~ *V-sok (“morning; morrow”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s(j)u-ŋ/k (“to wake up; morning; clear-headed; to sober up”). Burmese သောကြာ (sau:kra, “Venus”) is unrelated as it ultimately derives from Sanskrit शुक्र (śukra).
Schuessler (2007) also considers this to be related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-sow (“to arise; to awake; to awaken”), as the morning is the time to arise. Other possible Chinese comparanda of this Tibeto-Burman word are 搜 (OC *sru, “to move”) (as in 搜搜), 速 (OC *sloːɡ, “speedy”), 聳 (OC *sloŋʔ, “to urge on”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sù (su$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): suk$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siuk
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siok
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sù
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sù
*** Wade–Giles: su$^4$
*** Yale: sù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suh
*** Palladius: су (su)
*** Sinological IPA : /su⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: suk$^1$
*** Yale: sūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: suk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯uk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siok
*** Tâi-lô: siok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: sjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 夙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 息逐切 |
| Baxter | sjuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /suwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /siuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭuk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /si̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | su |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | suk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]uk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*suɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 夙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]uk/ |
| English | early morning |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 夙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12098 |
| Phonetic component | 夙 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 肅 |
| Old Chinese | /*suɡ/ |

### Definitions

夙
* early morning
* early
* old; past
* since old days

### Compounds

* 償得夙願／偿得夙愿
* 夙世冤家
* 夙世因緣／夙世因缘
* 夙仇
* 夙儒
* 夙夜 (sùyè)
* 夙夜不懈
* 夙夜匪懈 (sùyèfěixiè)
* 夙夜在公 (sùyèzàigōng)
* 夙夜為謀／夙夜为谋
* 夙心
* 夙心往志
* 夙志 (sùzhì)
* 夙怨 (sùyuàn)
* 夙敵／夙敌
* 夙昔 (sùxī)
* 夙緣／夙缘 (sùyuán)
* 夙聞／夙闻
* 夙興／夙兴
* 夙興夜寐／夙兴夜寐 (sùxīngyèmèi)
* 夙負盛名／夙负盛名
* 夙辦／夙办
* 夙願／夙愿 (sùyuàn)
* 夙願以償／夙愿以偿
* 夙駕／夙驾
* 星言夙駕／星言夙驾
* 星陳夙駕／星陈夙驾
* 首丘夙願／首丘夙愿

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* early morning
* early
* since long ago
* to be prudent, mindful, respectful
    Synonym: 粛

#### Readings

* Go-on: すく (suku)
* Kan-on: しゅく (shuku)
* Kun: つとに (tsutoni, 夙に)、はやい (hayai, 夙い)、まだき (madaki, 夙)

## Korean
### Hanja

夙 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

夙: Hán Nôm readings: túc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.