# ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲁⲣⲉϩ (areh) — Sahidic, Bohairic
* (rare) ϩⲁⲣⲏϩⲉ (harēhe) — Sahidic
* ⲉⲣⲉϩ (ereh) — Sahidic, Akhmimic
* ⲉⲣⲏϩ (erēh) — Sahidic, Akhmimic
* ⲁⲣⲏϩ (arēh) — Akhmimic, Lycopolitan
* ⲁⲗⲉϩ (aleh) — Fayyumic

### Etymology

From Demotic ḥrḥ (“to protect”), likely from Egyptian ḥrḥr (“to guard”).

### Verb

ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ • (hareh)
* (Sahidic) to keep, to guard
* (Sahidic) to study, to learn

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ hareh | imperative | affirmative | ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ hareh |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tm̄hareh | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pr̄hareh |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tihareh | ⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ khareh | ⲧⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tehareh | ϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ fhareh | ⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ shareh | ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tn̄hareh | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tetn̄hareh | ⲥⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ sehareh | ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ hareh |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eïhareh | ⲉⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ekhareh | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ erehareh | ⲉϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ efhareh | ⲉⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eshareh | ⲉⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ enhareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etetn̄hareh | ⲉⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ euhareh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ere- hareh |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etihareh | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etk̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etehareh, eterehareh | ⲉⲧϥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etf̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ets̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etn̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etetn̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etouhareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etere- hareh |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ neïhareh | ⲛⲉⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nekhareh | ⲛⲉⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nerehareh | ⲛⲉϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nefhareh | ⲛⲉⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ neshareh | ⲛⲉⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nenhareh | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ netetn̄hareh | ⲛⲉⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ neuhareh | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nere- hareh |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tinahareh | ⲕⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ knahareh | ⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tenahareh | ϥⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ fnahareh | ⲥⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ snahareh | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tn̄nahareh | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tetnahareh | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ senahareh | ⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nahareh |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eïnahareh | ⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eknahareh | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ erenahareh | ⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ efnahareh | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ esnahareh | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ennahareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etetnahareh | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eunahareh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ere- nahareh |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etinahareh | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etk̄nahareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etenahareh, eterenahareh | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etf̄nahareh | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ets̄nahareh | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etn̄nahareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etetnahareh | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etounahareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etere- nahareh |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ neïnahareh | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ neknahareh | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nerenahareh | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nefnahareh | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nesnahareh | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nennahareh | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ netetnahareh | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ neunahareh | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nere- nahareh |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ aïhareh | ⲁⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ akhareh | ⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲁⲣϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲁⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ahareh, arhareh, arehareh | ⲁϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ afhareh | ⲁⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ashareh | ⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ anhareh | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ atetn̄hareh | ⲁⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ auhareh | ⲁ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ a- hareh |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pihareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pk̄hareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pehareh, m̄pr̄hareh | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pf̄hareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄ps̄hareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pn̄hareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄petn̄hareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pouhareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pe- hareh |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eaïhareh | ⲉⲁⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eakhareh | ⲉⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲁⲣϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eahareh, earhareh, earehareh | ⲉⲁϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eafhareh | ⲉⲁⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eashareh | ⲉⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eanhareh | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eatetn̄hareh | ⲉⲁⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eauhareh | ⲉⲁ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ea- hareh |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pihareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pk̄hareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pehareh, em̄pr̄hareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pf̄hareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄ps̄hareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pn̄hareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄petn̄hareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pouhareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pe- hareh |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ entaïhareh, n̄taïhareh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ entakhareh, n̄takhareh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ entahareh, n̄tahareh, entarhareh, n̄tarhareh, entarehareh, n̄tarehareh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ entafhareh, n̄tafhareh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ entashareh, n̄tashareh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ entanhareh, n̄tanhareh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ entatetn̄hareh, n̄tatetn̄hareh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ entauhareh, n̄tauhareh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ enta- hareh, n̄ta- hareh |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pihareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pk̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pehareh, etem̄pr̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pf̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄ps̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pn̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄petn̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pouhareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pe- hareh |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ neaïhareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ neakhareh | ⲛⲉⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ neahareh, nearhareh, nearehareh | ⲛⲉⲁϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ neafhareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ neashareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ neanhareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ neatetn̄hareh | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ neauhareh | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nea- hareh |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pihareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pk̄hareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pehareh, nem̄pr̄hareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pf̄hareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄ps̄hareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pn̄hareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄petn̄hareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pouhareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pe- hareh |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄taïhareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄takhareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tahareh, n̄tarhareh, n̄tarehareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tafhareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tashareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tanhareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tatetn̄hareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tauhareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄ta- hareh |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄patihareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄patk̄hareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄patehareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄patf̄hareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pats̄hareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄patn̄hareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄patetn̄hareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄patouhareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pate- hareh |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄patihareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄patk̄hareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄patehareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄patf̄hareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pats̄hareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄patn̄hareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄patetn̄hareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄patouhareh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ em̄pate- hareh |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄patihareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄patk̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄patehareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄patf̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pats̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄patn̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄patetn̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄patouhareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etem̄pate- hareh |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄patihareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄patk̄hareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄patehareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄patf̄hareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pats̄hareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄patn̄hareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄patetn̄hareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄patouhareh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nem̄pate- hareh |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šaïhareh | ϣⲁⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šakhareh | ϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šarehareh | ϣⲁϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šafhareh | ϣⲁⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šashareh | ϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šanhareh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šatetn̄hareh | ϣⲁⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šauhareh | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šare- hareh |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ meïhareh | ⲙⲉⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ mekhareh | ⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ merehareh | ⲙⲉϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ mefhareh | ⲙⲉⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ meshareh | ⲙⲉⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ menhareh | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ metetn̄hareh | ⲙⲉⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ meuhareh | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ mere- hareh |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ešaïhareh | ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ešakhareh | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ešarehareh | ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ešafhareh | ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ešashareh | ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ešanhareh | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ešatetn̄hareh | ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ešauhareh | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ešare- hareh |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emeïhareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emekhareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emerehareh | ⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emefhareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emeshareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emenhareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emetetn̄hareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emeuhareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emere- hareh |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etešaïhareh, ešaïhareh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etešakhareh, ešakhareh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etešarehareh, ešarehareh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etešafhareh, ešafhareh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etešashareh, ešashareh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etešanhareh, ešanhareh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etešatetn̄hareh, ešatetn̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etešauhareh, ešauhareh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etešare- hareh, ešare- hareh |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etemeïhareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etemekhareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etemerehareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etemefhareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etemeshareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etemenhareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etemetetn̄hareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etemeuhareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etemere- hareh |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nešaïhareh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nešakhareh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nešarehareh | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nešafhareh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nešashareh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nešanhareh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nešatetn̄hareh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nešauhareh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nešare- hareh |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nemeïhareh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nemekhareh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nemerehareh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nemefhareh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nemeshareh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nemenhareh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nemetetn̄hareh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nemeuhareh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ nemere- hareh |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emeïhareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emekhareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emerehareh | ⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emefhareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emeshareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emenhareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emetetn̄hareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emeuhareh | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ emere- hareh |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eïehareh | ⲉⲕⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ekehareh | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ erehareh | ⲉϥⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ efehareh | ⲉⲥⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ esehareh | ⲉⲛⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ enehareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etetnehareh | ⲉⲩⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ euehareh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ere- hareh |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄nahareh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄nekhareh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄nehareh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄nefhareh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄neshareh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄nenhareh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄netn̄hareh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄neuhareh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄ne- hareh |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϩⲁⲣⲉϩ marihareh | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ marefhareh | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ mareshareh | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ marn̄hareh | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ marouhareh | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ mare- hareh |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pr̄trahareh | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pr̄trefhareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pr̄treshareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pr̄trenhareh | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pr̄treuhareh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ m̄pr̄tre- hareh |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲧⲁϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tahareh, tahareh | ⲛ̄ⲅϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄ghareh, n̄khareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tehareh | ⲛ̄ϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄fhareh | ⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄shareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tn̄hareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tetn̄hareh | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄sehareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄te- hareh |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tarihareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tarekhareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tarehareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tarefhareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tareshareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tarn̄hareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ taretn̄hareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tarouhareh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ tare- hareh |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄terihareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄terekhareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄terehareh, n̄tererhareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄terefhareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tereshareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tern̄hareh, n̄terenhareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄teretn̄hareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄terouhareh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ n̄tere- hareh |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šantihareh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šantk̄hareh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šantehareh | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šantf̄hareh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šants̄hareh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šantn̄hareh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šantetn̄hareh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šantouhareh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ šante- hareh |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eïšanhareh | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ekšanhareh | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eršanhareh, erešanhareh | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ efšanhareh | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ esšanhareh | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ enšanhareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etetn̄šanhareh | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eušanhareh | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eršan- hareh |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eïhareh | ⲉⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ekhareh | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲁⲣⲉϩ erehareh | ⲉϥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ efhareh | ⲉⲥϩⲁⲣⲉϩ eshareh | ⲉⲛϩⲁⲣⲉϩ enhareh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ etetn̄hareh | ⲉⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ euhareh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ere- hareh |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### Noun

ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ • (hareh) m
* (Sahidic) watch, guard

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 296
* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 707
* Westendorf, Wolfhart (1977) Koptisches Handwörterbuch, page 569