# 卜筮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǔshì
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˇ ㄕˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): buk$^1$ sai$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): puk-sṳ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǔshì
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˇ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǔshìh
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^3$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: bǔ-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buushyh
*** Palladius: буши (buši)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: buk$^1$ sai$^6$
*** Yale: būk saih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: buk$^7$ sai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bug$^1$ sei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʊk̚⁵ sɐi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: puk-sṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: bug$^ˋ$ sii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bug$^5$ si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /puk̚² sɨ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: puwk dzyejH
Rime :
| Character | 卜 | 筮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) | 祭 (35) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 博木切 | 時制切 |
| Baxter | puwk | dzyejH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /puk̚/ | /d͡ʑiᴇi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /puk̚/ | /d͡ʑiɛi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /puk̚/ | /d͡ʑjæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pəwk̚/ | /d͡ʑiaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /puk̚/ | /ʑiɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /puk̚/ | /ʑĭɛi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /puk̚/ | /ʑi̯ɛi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bu | shì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | buk$^1$ | sai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤok [d][e][t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*poːɡ djads/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 卜 | 筮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bǔ | shì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ puwk › | ‹ dzyej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁok/ | /*[d][e][t]-s/ |
| English | divine (v.) | divine by Achillea stalks |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 卜 | 筮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 998 | 11658 |
| Phonetic component | 卜 | 筮 |
| Rime group | 屋 | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 卜 | 逝 |
| Old Chinese | /*poːɡ/ | /*djads/ |

### Verb

卜筮
* to practice divination; to divine
    From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE
    Rúshí lùn zhī, bǔshì bùwèn tiāndì, shīguī wèibì shénlíng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Usage notes

卜筮 (bǔshì) involves two different types of divination. The first is 卜 (bǔ), or 龜卜／龟卜 (guībǔ), which involves the use of 龜甲／龟甲 (guījiǎ) or 牛骨 (niúgǔ); the second is 筮 (shì), or 占筮 (zhānshì), which involves the use of 蓍草 (shīcǎo).

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 卜筮(ぼくぜい) (bokuzei)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 卜 | 筮 |
| ぼく Jinmeiyō | ぜい Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぼくぜー [bòkúzéé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [bo̞kɯ̟ze̞ː]

### Noun

卜(ぼく)筮(ぜい) • (bokuzei)
* fortune-telling or divination using tortoise shell and bamboo divination sticks

#### Usage notes

卜筮(ぼくぜい) (bokuzei) involves two different types of divination. The first is 卜(ぼく) (boku), or 亀(き)卜(ぼく) (kiboku), which involves the use of tortoise shells; the second is 筮(ぜい) (zei), or 占筮(せんぜい) (senzei), which involves the use of bamboo divination sticks 筮竹(ぜいちく) (zeichiku), or 蓍(めどぎ) (medogi).

#### Related terms

* 卜(ぼく) (boku, “fortune-telling”)
* 筮(ぜい) (zei, “divination stick”)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN