# 不測
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bùcè
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄘㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bat$^1$ cak$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): bók-cháik
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): put-chhiak / put-chhek
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bùcè [Phonetic: búcè]
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄘㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bùcè
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^4$-tsʻê$^4$
*** Yale: bù-tsè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: butseh
*** Palladius: буцэ (bucɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bat$^1$ cak$^1$
*** Yale: bāt chāk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bat$^7$ tsak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bed$^1$ ceg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɐk̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bók-cháik
*** Sinological IPA : /puʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰaiʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-chhiak
*** Tâi-lô: put-tshiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: putchiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /put̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-chhek
*** Tâi-lô: put-tshik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: putzheg
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /put̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /put̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: pjuw|pjuwX|pjut tsrhik
Rime :
| Character | 不 | 不 | 不 | 測 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 尤 (136) | 物 (60) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 甫鳩切 | 方久切 | 分勿切 | 初力切 |
| Baxter | pjuw | pjuwX | pjut | tsrhik |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨu/ | /pɨu$^X$/ | /pɨut̚/ | /t͡ʃʰɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piu/ | /piu$^X$/ | /piut̚/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piəu/ | /piəu$^X$/ | /piuət̚/ | /t͡ʃʰiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puw/ | /puw$^X$/ | /put̚/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /piu/ | /piu$^X$/ | /piuət̚/ | /t͡ʃʰiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭəu/ | /pĭəu$^X$/ | /pĭuət̚/ | /t͡ʃʰĭək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pi̯ə̯u/ | /pi̯ə̯u$^X$/ | /pi̯uət̚/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fōu | fǒu | fu | che |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fau$^1$ | fau$^2$ | fat$^1$ | cik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə [tsʰ]rək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pɯ|pɯʔ|pɯ' sʰrɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 不 | 不 | 測 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bù | bù | cè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjuw › | ‹ pjuw › | ‹ tsrhik › |
| Old Chinese | /*pə/ | /*pə/ | /*[tsʰ]rək/ |
| English | not | 不律 writing brush (pron. in Wú 吳 ap. Shuōwén; E. Hàn) | fathom (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 不 | 不 | 不 | 測 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1025 | 1029 | 1048 | 16602 |
| Phonetic component | 不 | 不 | 不 | 則 |
| Rime group | 之 | 之 | 物 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 不 | 缶 | 弗 | 測 |
| Old Chinese | /*pɯ/ | /*pɯʔ/ | /*pɯ'/ | /*sʰrɯɡ/ |
| Notes | | 象花柎與本同源 | 中古才促化 | |

### Adjective

不測
* (attributive) unexpected; unpredictable

### Noun

不測
* something unexpected; sth unpredictable
* accident; incident; mishap
    From: c. 1276, Wen Tianxiang (文天祥),《〈指南錄〉後序》
    Qù Jīngkǒu, xié bǐshǒu yǐ bèi bùcè, jī zìjǐng sǐ. [Pinyin]
    On the way out of Jingkou, I had my dagger with me against any contingency, and I nearly committed suicide.

#### Synonyms

* 不幸事件 (bùxìng shìjiàn)
* 事故 (shìgù)
* 失閃／失闪 (shīshǎn)
* 好歹 (hǎodǎi)
* 岔子 (chàzi)
* 差池
* 差錯／差错 (chācuò)
* 意外 (yìwài)
* 故事 (archic)
* 緣故／缘故 (yuángù) (archaic)
* 變故／变故 (biàngù)
* 長短／长短 (chángduǎn)
* 閃失／闪失 (shǎnshī)

### Derived terms

* 不測之淵／不测之渊
* 不測之禍／不测之祸
* 不測風雲／不测风云
* 事出不測／事出不测
* 天有不測風雲／天有不测风云 (tiān yǒu bùcè fēngyún)
* 天有不測風雲，人有旦夕禍福／天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福 (tiān yǒu bùcè fēngyún, rén yǒu dànxī huòfú)
* 神鬼不測／神鬼不测
* 禍出不測／祸出不测
* 禍生不測／祸生不测
* 變化不測／变化不测
* 變幻不測／变幻不测
* 險遭不測／险遭不测
* 風雲不測／风云不测
* 鬼神不測／鬼神不测

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 不(ふ)測(そく) (fusoku)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 不 | 測 |
| ふ Grade: 4 | そく Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

不(ふ)測(そく) • (fusoku)
* something unforeseen, unexpected
    不(ふ)測(そく)の事(じ)態(たい)
       fusoku no jitai
       an unexpected contingency

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.