# 凍結
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dòngjié
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dung$^3$ git$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tung-kiet / tung-kiat
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tòng-kiat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dong$^3$ gag$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dòngjié
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dòngjié
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^4$-chieh$^2$
*** Yale: dùng-jyé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donqjye
*** Palladius: дунцзе (duncze)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dung$^3$ git$^3$
*** Yale: dung git
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dung$^3$ git$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dung$^3$ gid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ³³ kiːt̚³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tung-kiet
*** Hakka Romanization System: dung gied$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dung$^4$ giad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /tuŋ⁵⁵ ki̯et̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tung-kiat
*** Hakka Romanization System: dung giad$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dung$^4$ giad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /tuŋ⁵⁵ ki̯at̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tòng-kiat
*** Tâi-lô: tòng-kiat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dorngkiad
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kiɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɛt̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kiɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɛt̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dong$^3$ gag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tòng kak
*** Sinological IPA : /toŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kak̚²/

### Verb

凍結
* to freeze
* (figuratively) to block; to freeze (assets, accounts, personnel, etc.)
    凍結資產／冻结资产 ― dòngjié zīchǎn ― to freeze assets

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to freeze”): 解凍／解冻 (jiědòng)
* (antonym(s) of “to block”): 解凍／解冻 (jiědòng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 凍 | 結 |
| とう Grade: S | けつ Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とーけつ [tòókétsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ːke̞t͡sɨ]

### Noun

凍(とう)結(けつ) • (tōketsu)
* freezing
* (finance) freezing
* (computing, uncommon) compression of an archive
    Synonym: 圧縮 (asshuku)
    Antonyms: 解凍 (kaitō), 展開 (tenkai)
* (Internet) suspension of an account (usually on Twitter)

### Verb

凍(とう)結(けつ)する • (tōketsu suru) suru (stem 凍(とう)結(けつ)し (tōketsu shi), past 凍(とう)結(けつ)した (tōketsu shita))
* to freeze
* (finance) to freeze
    米国(べいこく)内(ない)の資産(しさん)を凍結(とうけつ)する
       Beikoku-nai no shisan o tōketsu suru
       to freeze assets located in the United States
* (computing, uncommon) to compress an archive
    Synonym: 圧縮する (asshuku suru)
    Antonyms: 解凍する (kaitō suru), 展開する (tenkai suru)
* (Internet) to suspend an account (usually on Twitter)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 凍結し | とうけつし | tōketsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 凍結し | とうけつし | tōketsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 凍結する | とうけつする | tōketsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 凍結する | とうけつする | tōketsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 凍結すれ | とうけつすれ | tōketsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 凍結せよ¹ 凍結しろ² | とうけつせよ¹ とうけつしろ² | tōketsu seyo¹ tōketsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 凍結される | とうけつされる | tōketsu sareru |
| Causative | 凍結させる 凍結さす | とうけつさせる とうけつさす | tōketsu saseru tōketsu sasu |
| Potential | 凍結できる | とうけつできる | tōketsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 凍結しよう | とうけつしよう | tōketsu shiyō |
| Negative | 凍結しない | とうけつしない | tōketsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 凍結せず | とうけつせず | tōketsu sezu |
| Formal | 凍結します | とうけつします | tōketsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 凍結した | とうけつした | tōketsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 凍結して | とうけつして | tōketsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 凍結すれば | とうけつすれば | tōketsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN