# 鯨鯢
## Chinese
### Etymology

Attested earliest in pre-Qin texts (e.g. figuratively in Zuo Zhuan, literally in Master Deng Xi, etc.).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīngní
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄋㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): king$^4$ ngai$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīngní
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄋㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jingní
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^1$-ni$^2$
*** Yale: jīng-ní
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingni
*** Palladius: цзинни (czinni)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ni³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: king$^4$ ngai$^4$
*** Yale: kìhng ngàih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: king$^4$ ngai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: king$^4$ ngei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɪŋ²¹ ŋɐi̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: gjaeng ngej
Rime :
| Character | 鯨 | 鯢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 渠京切 | 五稽切 |
| Baxter | gjaeng | ngej |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiæŋ/ | /ŋei/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡᵚiaŋ/ | /ŋei/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiaŋ/ | /ŋɛi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /giajŋ/ | /ŋɛj/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiɐŋ/ | /ŋei/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭɐŋ/ | /ŋiei/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /gi̯ɐŋ/ | /ŋiei/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qíng | yí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | king$^4$ | ngai$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraŋ ŋeː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鯨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jīng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gjæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]raŋ/ |
| English | whale |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鯨 | 鯢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 6832 | 2747 |
| Phonetic component | 京 | 兒 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 擎 | 倪 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡraŋ/ | /*ŋeː/ |

### Noun

鯨鯢
* male and female whales
    From: 《鄧析子》 (Deng Xi Zi, "Master Deng Xi"); translated based on Alfred Forke's version.
    Liè píhǔ zhě, bù yú wài hùn. Diào jīngní zhě, bù yú qīngchí. Hé zé? Hùn fēi píhǔ zhī kū yě, chí fēi jīngní zhī quán yě. [Pinyin]
    One does not hunt brown bears or tigers in kennels or harpoon bull and cow whales in fresh-water ponds. Why? Because brown bears and tigers have not their dens in kennels, and ponds are not the waters where whale bulls and cows live.
* (figurative) fierce enemy
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg
    Gǔzhě míngwáng fá bùjìng, qǔ qí jīngní ér fēng zhī, yǐwéi dà lù, yúshì hū yǒu jīng guān yǐ chéng yíntè. [Pinyin]
    In ancient times, when enlightened kings attacked the disrespectful, they took the greatest culprits among them and had them killed and sealed off in a mound as the most extreme punishment. Thus it was that the grand mound was built to warn against excesses and iniquities.
* (figurative) pirate
* (figurative) innocent person who is killed

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 鯨(げい)鯢(げい) (geigei)
* → Korean: 경예(鯨鯢) (gyeong'ye)
* → Vietnamese: kình nghê (鯨鯢)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 鯨 | 鯢 |
| げい Grade: S | げい Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) げーげー [gèégéé] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) けーげー [kèégéé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡe̞ːɡe̞ː]
* IPA: [ke̞ːɡe̞ː]
(less common)

### Noun

鯨(げい)鯢(げい) • (geigei) (alternative reading hiragana けいげい, rōmaji keigei)
* male and female whales
* whales in general
* a fierce fish
* (figurative) a major villain, a leader of criminals (compare English shark)

#### Idioms

* 鯨鯢(げいげい)の顎(あぎと)にかく (geigei no agito ni kaku): “to be caught by the jaws of a whale” → to meet with a major misfortune or dangerous situation, particularly at sea

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 鯨 | 鯢 |

### Noun

鯨鯢 • (gyeong'ye) (hangeul 경예)
* hanja form of 경예 (“male and female whales”)