# khuphula
## Zulu
### Etymology

From the ideophone khuphu.

### Verb

-khuphula
* (transitive) to elevate, to raise, to lift, to hoist
* (transitive) to promote

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukukhuphula |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukukhuphula | ukungakhuphuli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | khuphula | -khuphule |
| Plural | khuphulani | -khuphuleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyakhuphula, ngikhuphula | engikhuphulayo, engikhuphula | ngikhuphula | angikhuphuli | engingakhuphuli | ngingakhuphuli |
| 2nd singular | uyakhuphula, ukhuphula | okhuphulayo, okhuphula | ukhuphula | awukhuphuli | ongakhuphuli | ungakhuphuli |
| 1st plural | siyakhuphula, sikhuphula | esikhuphulayo, esikhuphula | sikhuphula | asikhuphuli | esingakhuphuli | singakhuphuli |
| 2nd plural | niyakhuphula, nikhuphula | enikhuphulayo, enikhuphula | nikhuphula | anikhuphuli | eningakhuphuli | ningakhuphuli |
| Class 1 | uyakhuphula, ukhuphula | okhuphulayo, okhuphula | ekhuphula | akakhuphuli | ongakhuphuli | engakhuphuli |
| Class 2 | bayakhuphula, bakhuphula | abakhuphulayo, abakhuphula | bekhuphula | abakhuphuli | abangakhuphuli | bengakhuphuli |
| Class 3 | uyakhuphula, ukhuphula | okhuphulayo, okhuphula | ukhuphula | awukhuphuli | ongakhuphuli | ungakhuphuli |
| Class 4 | iyakhuphula, ikhuphula | ekhuphulayo, ekhuphula | ikhuphula | ayikhuphuli | engakhuphuli | ingakhuphuli |
| Class 5 | liyakhuphula, likhuphula | elikhuphulayo, elikhuphula | likhuphula | alikhuphuli | elingakhuphuli | lingakhuphuli |
| Class 6 | ayakhuphula, akhuphula | akhuphulayo, akhuphula | ekhuphula | awakhuphuli | angakhuphuli | engakhuphuli |
| Class 7 | siyakhuphula, sikhuphula | esikhuphulayo, esikhuphula | sikhuphula | asikhuphuli | esingakhuphuli | singakhuphuli |
| Class 8 | ziyakhuphula, zikhuphula | ezikhuphulayo, ezikhuphula | zikhuphula | azikhuphuli | ezingakhuphuli | zingakhuphuli |
| Class 9 | iyakhuphula, ikhuphula | ekhuphulayo, ekhuphula | ikhuphula | ayikhuphuli | engakhuphuli | ingakhuphuli |
| Class 10 | ziyakhuphula, zikhuphula | ezikhuphulayo, ezikhuphula | zikhuphula | azikhuphuli | ezingakhuphuli | zingakhuphuli |
| Class 11 | luyakhuphula, lukhuphula | olukhuphulayo, olukhuphula | lukhuphula | alukhuphuli | olungakhuphuli | lungakhuphuli |
| Class 14 | buyakhuphula, bukhuphula | obukhuphulayo, obukhuphula | bukhuphula | abukhuphuli | obungakhuphuli | bungakhuphuli |
| Class 15 | kuyakhuphula, kukhuphula | okukhuphulayo, okukhuphula | kukhuphula | akukhuphuli | okungakhuphuli | kungakhuphuli |
| Class 17 | kuyakhuphula, kukhuphula | okukhuphulayo, okukhuphula | kukhuphula | akukhuphuli | okungakhuphuli | kungakhuphuli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngikhuphulile, ngikhuphulē | engikhuphulile, engikhuphulē | ngikhuphulile, ngikhuphulē | angikhuphulanga | engingakhuphulanga | ngingakhuphulanga |
| 2nd singular | ukhuphulile, ukhuphulē | okhuphulile, okhuphulē | ukhuphulile, ukhuphulē | awukhuphulanga | ongakhuphulanga | ungakhuphulanga |
| 1st plural | sikhuphulile, sikhuphulē | esikhuphulile, esikhuphulē | sikhuphulile, sikhuphulē | asikhuphulanga | esingakhuphulanga | singakhuphulanga |
| 2nd plural | nikhuphulile, nikhuphulē | enikhuphulile, enikhuphulē | nikhuphulile, nikhuphulē | anikhuphulanga | eningakhuphulanga | ningakhuphulanga |
| Class 1 | ukhuphulile, ukhuphulē | okhuphulile, okhuphulē | ekhuphulile, ekhuphulē | akakhuphulanga | ongakhuphulanga | engakhuphulanga |
| Class 2 | bakhuphulile, bakhuphulē | abakhuphulile, abakhuphulē | bekhuphulile, bekhuphulē | abakhuphulanga | abangakhuphulanga | bengakhuphulanga |
| Class 3 | ukhuphulile, ukhuphulē | okhuphulile, okhuphulē | ukhuphulile, ukhuphulē | awukhuphulanga | ongakhuphulanga | ungakhuphulanga |
| Class 4 | ikhuphulile, ikhuphulē | ekhuphulile, ekhuphulē | ikhuphulile, ikhuphulē | ayikhuphulanga | engakhuphulanga | ingakhuphulanga |
| Class 5 | likhuphulile, likhuphulē | elikhuphulile, elikhuphulē | likhuphulile, likhuphulē | alikhuphulanga | elingakhuphulanga | lingakhuphulanga |
| Class 6 | akhuphulile, akhuphulē | akhuphulile, akhuphulē | ekhuphulile, ekhuphulē | awakhuphulanga | angakhuphulanga | engakhuphulanga |
| Class 7 | sikhuphulile, sikhuphulē | esikhuphulile, esikhuphulē | sikhuphulile, sikhuphulē | asikhuphulanga | esingakhuphulanga | singakhuphulanga |
| Class 8 | zikhuphulile, zikhuphulē | ezikhuphulile, ezikhuphulē | zikhuphulile, zikhuphulē | azikhuphulanga | ezingakhuphulanga | zingakhuphulanga |
| Class 9 | ikhuphulile, ikhuphulē | ekhuphulile, ekhuphulē | ikhuphulile, ikhuphulē | ayikhuphulanga | engakhuphulanga | ingakhuphulanga |
| Class 10 | zikhuphulile, zikhuphulē | ezikhuphulile, ezikhuphulē | zikhuphulile, zikhuphulē | azikhuphulanga | ezingakhuphulanga | zingakhuphulanga |
| Class 11 | lukhuphulile, lukhuphulē | olukhuphulile, olukhuphulē | lukhuphulile, lukhuphulē | alukhuphulanga | olungakhuphulanga | lungakhuphulanga |
| Class 14 | bukhuphulile, bukhuphulē | obukhuphulile, obukhuphulē | bukhuphulile, bukhuphulē | abukhuphulanga | obungakhuphulanga | bungakhuphulanga |
| Class 15 | kukhuphulile, kukhuphulē | okukhuphulile, okukhuphulē | kukhuphulile, kukhuphulē | akukhuphulanga | okungakhuphulanga | kungakhuphulanga |
| Class 17 | kukhuphulile, kukhuphulē | okukhuphulile, okukhuphulē | kukhuphulile, kukhuphulē | akukhuphulanga | okungakhuphulanga | kungakhuphulanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngākhuphula | engākhuphula | ngākhuphula | angikhuphulanga | engingakhuphulanga | ngingakhuphulanga |
| 2nd singular | wākhuphula | owākhuphula | wākhuphula | awukhuphulanga | ongakhuphulanga | ungakhuphulanga |
| 1st plural | sākhuphula | esākhuphula | sākhuphula | asikhuphulanga | esingakhuphulanga | singakhuphulanga |
| 2nd plural | nākhuphula | enākhuphula | nākhuphula | anikhuphulanga | eningakhuphulanga | ningakhuphulanga |
| Class 1 | wākhuphula | owākhuphula | ākhuphula | akakhuphulanga | ongakhuphulanga | engakhuphulanga |
| Class 2 | bākhuphula | abākhuphula | bākhuphula | abakhuphulanga | abangakhuphulanga | bengakhuphulanga |
| Class 3 | wākhuphula | owākhuphula | wākhuphula | awukhuphulanga | ongakhuphulanga | ungakhuphulanga |
| Class 4 | yākhuphula | eyākhuphula | yākhuphula | ayikhuphulanga | engakhuphulanga | ingakhuphulanga |
| Class 5 | lākhuphula | elākhuphula | lākhuphula | alikhuphulanga | elingakhuphulanga | lingakhuphulanga |
| Class 6 | ākhuphula | ākhuphula | ākhuphula | awakhuphulanga | angakhuphulanga | engakhuphulanga |
| Class 7 | sākhuphula | esākhuphula | sākhuphula | asikhuphulanga | esingakhuphulanga | singakhuphulanga |
| Class 8 | zākhuphula | ezākhuphula | zākhuphula | azikhuphulanga | ezingakhuphulanga | zingakhuphulanga |
| Class 9 | yākhuphula | eyākhuphula | yākhuphula | ayikhuphulanga | engakhuphulanga | ingakhuphulanga |
| Class 10 | zākhuphula | ezākhuphula | zākhuphula | azikhuphulanga | ezingakhuphulanga | zingakhuphulanga |
| Class 11 | lwākhuphula | olwākhuphula | lwākhuphula | alukhuphulanga | olungakhuphulanga | lungakhuphulanga |
| Class 14 | bākhuphula | obākhuphula | bākhuphula | abukhuphulanga | obungakhuphulanga | bungakhuphulanga |
| Class 15 | kwākhuphula | okwākhuphula | kwākhuphula | akukhuphulanga | okungakhuphulanga | kungakhuphulanga |
| Class 17 | kwākhuphula | okwākhuphula | kwākhuphula | akukhuphulanga | okungakhuphulanga | kungakhuphulanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingakhuphula | — | ngingakhuphula | ngingekhuphule | — | ngingekhuphule |
| 2nd singular | ungakhuphula | — | ungakhuphula | ungekhuphule | — | ungekhuphule |
| 1st plural | singakhuphula | — | singakhuphula | singekhuphule | — | singekhuphule |
| 2nd plural | ningakhuphula | — | ningakhuphula | ningekhuphule | — | ningekhuphule |
| Class 1 | angakhuphula | — | engakhuphula | angekhuphule | — | engekhuphule |
| Class 2 | bangakhuphula | — | bengakhuphula | bangekhuphule | — | bengekhuphule |
| Class 3 | ungakhuphula | — | ungakhuphula | ungekhuphule | — | ungekhuphule |
| Class 4 | ingakhuphula | — | ingakhuphula | ingekhuphule | — | ingekhuphule |
| Class 5 | lingakhuphula | — | lingakhuphula | lingekhuphule | — | lingekhuphule |
| Class 6 | angakhuphula | — | engakhuphula | angekhuphule | — | engekhuphule |
| Class 7 | singakhuphula | — | singakhuphula | singekhuphule | — | singekhuphule |
| Class 8 | zingakhuphula | — | zingakhuphula | zingekhuphule | — | zingekhuphule |
| Class 9 | ingakhuphula | — | ingakhuphula | ingekhuphule | — | ingekhuphule |
| Class 10 | zingakhuphula | — | zingakhuphula | zingekhuphule | — | zingekhuphule |
| Class 11 | lungakhuphula | — | lungakhuphula | lungekhuphule | — | lungekhuphule |
| Class 14 | bungakhuphula | — | bungakhuphula | bungekhuphule | — | bungekhuphule |
| Class 15 | kungakhuphula | — | kungakhuphula | kungekhuphule | — | kungekhuphule |
| Class 17 | kungakhuphula | — | kungakhuphula | kungekhuphule | — | kungekhuphule |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizokhuphula | engizokhuphula | ngizokhuphula | angizukhuphula | engingezukhuphula | ngingezukhuphula |
| 2nd singular | uzokhuphula | ozokhuphula | uzokhuphula | awuzukhuphula | ongezukhuphula | ungezukhuphula |
| 1st plural | sizokhuphula | esizokhuphula | sizokhuphula | asizukhuphula | esingezukhuphula | singezukhuphula |
| 2nd plural | nizokhuphula | enizokhuphula | nizokhuphula | anizukhuphula | eningezukhuphula | ningezukhuphula |
| Class 1 | uzokhuphula | ozokhuphula | ezokhuphula | akazukhuphula | ongezukhuphula | engezukhuphula |
| Class 2 | bazokhuphula | abazokhuphula | bezokhuphula | abazukhuphula | abangezukhuphula | bengezukhuphula |
| Class 3 | uzokhuphula | ozokhuphula | uzokhuphula | awuzukhuphula | ongezukhuphula | ungezukhuphula |
| Class 4 | izokhuphula | ezokhuphula | izokhuphula | ayizukhuphula | engezukhuphula | ingezukhuphula |
| Class 5 | lizokhuphula | elizokhuphula | lizokhuphula | alizukhuphula | elingezukhuphula | lingezukhuphula |
| Class 6 | azokhuphula | azokhuphula | ezokhuphula | awazukhuphula | angezukhuphula | engezukhuphula |
| Class 7 | sizokhuphula | esizokhuphula | sizokhuphula | asizukhuphula | esingezukhuphula | singezukhuphula |
| Class 8 | zizokhuphula | ezizokhuphula | zizokhuphula | azizukhuphula | ezingezukhuphula | zingezukhuphula |
| Class 9 | izokhuphula | ezokhuphula | izokhuphula | ayizukhuphula | engezukhuphula | ingezukhuphula |
| Class 10 | zizokhuphula | ezizokhuphula | zizokhuphula | azizukhuphula | ezingezukhuphula | zingezukhuphula |
| Class 11 | luzokhuphula | oluzokhuphula | luzokhuphula | aluzukhuphula | olungezukhuphula | lungezukhuphula |
| Class 14 | buzokhuphula | obuzokhuphula | buzokhuphula | abuzukhuphula | obungezukhuphula | bungezukhuphula |
| Class 15 | kuzokhuphula | okuzokhuphula | kuzokhuphula | akuzukhuphula | okungezukhuphula | kungezukhuphula |
| Class 17 | kuzokhuphula | okuzokhuphula | kuzokhuphula | akuzukhuphula | okungezukhuphula | kungezukhuphula |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyokhuphula | engiyokhuphula | ngiyokhuphula | angiyukhuphula | engingeyukhuphula | ngingeyukhuphula |
| 2nd singular | uyokhuphula | oyokhuphula | uyokhuphula | awuyukhuphula | ongeyukhuphula | ungeyukhuphula |
| 1st plural | siyokhuphula | esiyokhuphula | siyokhuphula | asiyukhuphula | esingeyukhuphula | singeyukhuphula |
| 2nd plural | niyokhuphula | eniyokhuphula | niyokhuphula | aniyukhuphula | eningeyukhuphula | ningeyukhuphula |
| Class 1 | uyokhuphula | oyokhuphula | eyokhuphula | akayukhuphula | ongeyukhuphula | engeyukhuphula |
| Class 2 | bayokhuphula | abayokhuphula | beyokhuphula | abayukhuphula | abangeyukhuphula | bengeyukhuphula |
| Class 3 | uyokhuphula | oyokhuphula | uyokhuphula | awuyukhuphula | ongeyukhuphula | ungeyukhuphula |
| Class 4 | iyokhuphula | eyokhuphula | iyokhuphula | ayiyukhuphula | engeyukhuphula | ingeyukhuphula |
| Class 5 | liyokhuphula | eliyokhuphula | liyokhuphula | aliyukhuphula | elingeyukhuphula | lingeyukhuphula |
| Class 6 | ayokhuphula | ayokhuphula | eyokhuphula | awayukhuphula | angeyukhuphula | engeyukhuphula |
| Class 7 | siyokhuphula | esiyokhuphula | siyokhuphula | asiyukhuphula | esingeyukhuphula | singeyukhuphula |
| Class 8 | ziyokhuphula | eziyokhuphula | ziyokhuphula | aziyukhuphula | ezingeyukhuphula | zingeyukhuphula |
| Class 9 | iyokhuphula | eyokhuphula | iyokhuphula | ayiyukhuphula | engeyukhuphula | ingeyukhuphula |
| Class 10 | ziyokhuphula | eziyokhuphula | ziyokhuphula | aziyukhuphula | ezingeyukhuphula | zingeyukhuphula |
| Class 11 | luyokhuphula | oluyokhuphula | luyokhuphula | aluyukhuphula | olungeyukhuphula | lungeyukhuphula |
| Class 14 | buyokhuphula | obuyokhuphula | buyokhuphula | abuyukhuphula | obungeyukhuphula | bungeyukhuphula |
| Class 15 | kuyokhuphula | okuyokhuphula | kuyokhuphula | akuyukhuphula | okungeyukhuphula | kungeyukhuphula |
| Class 17 | kuyokhuphula | okuyokhuphula | kuyokhuphula | akuyukhuphula | okungeyukhuphula | kungeyukhuphula |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngikhuphule | ngingakhuphuli |
| 2nd singular | ukhuphule | ungakhuphuli |
| 1st plural | sikhuphule | singakhuphuli |
| 2nd plural | nikhuphule | ningakhuphuli |
| Class 1 | akhuphule | angakhuphuli |
| Class 2 | bakhuphule | bangakhuphuli |
| Class 3 | ukhuphule | ungakhuphuli |
| Class 4 | ikhuphule | ingakhuphuli |
| Class 5 | likhuphule | lingakhuphuli |
| Class 6 | akhuphule | angakhuphuli |
| Class 7 | sikhuphule | singakhuphuli |
| Class 8 | zikhuphule | zingakhuphuli |
| Class 9 | ikhuphule | ingakhuphuli |
| Class 10 | zikhuphule | zingakhuphuli |
| Class 11 | lukhuphule | lungakhuphuli |
| Class 14 | bukhuphule | bungakhuphuli |
| Class 15 | kukhuphule | kungakhuphuli |
| Class 17 | kukhuphule | kungakhuphuli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngakhuphula | ngangakhuphula, angakhuphula, angangakhuphula |
| 2nd singular | wakhuphula | wangakhuphula, awakhuphula, awangakhuphula |
| 1st plural | sakhuphula | sangakhuphula, asakhuphula, asangakhuphula |
| 2nd plural | nakhuphula | nangakhuphula, anakhuphula, anangakhuphula |
| Class 1 | wakhuphula | wangakhuphula, akakhuphula, akangakhuphula |
| Class 2 | bakhuphula | bangakhuphula, abakhuphula, abangakhuphula |
| Class 3 | wakhuphula | wangakhuphula, awakhuphula, awangakhuphula |
| Class 4 | yakhuphula | yangakhuphula, ayakhuphula, ayangakhuphula |
| Class 5 | lakhuphula | langakhuphula, alakhuphula, alangakhuphula |
| Class 6 | akhuphula | angakhuphula, awakhuphula, awangakhuphula |
| Class 7 | sakhuphula | sangakhuphula, asakhuphula, asangakhuphula |
| Class 8 | zakhuphula | zangakhuphula, azakhuphula, azangakhuphula |
| Class 9 | yakhuphula | yangakhuphula, ayakhuphula, ayangakhuphula |
| Class 10 | zakhuphula | zangakhuphula, azakhuphula, azangakhuphula |
| Class 11 | lwakhuphula | lwangakhuphula, alwakhuphula, alwangakhuphula |
| Class 14 | bakhuphula | bangakhuphula, abakhuphula, abangakhuphula |
| Class 15 | kwakhuphula | kwangakhuphula, akwakhuphula, akwangakhuphula |
| Class 17 | kwakhuphula | kwangakhuphula, akwakhuphula, akwangakhuphula |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “khuphula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “khuphula (2.3.9)”