# 今昔
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīnxī, jīnxí
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ ㄒㄧ, ㄐㄧㄣ ㄒㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^1$ sik$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīnxī
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jinsi
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^1$-hsi$^1$
*** Yale: jīn-syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinshi
*** Palladius: цзиньси (czinʹsi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīnxí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ ㄒㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jinsí
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^1$-hsi$^2$
*** Yale: jīn-syí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinshyi
*** Palladius: цзиньси (czinʹsi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^1$ sik$^1$
*** Yale: gām sīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^1$ sik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^1$ xig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$今昔 金色
* Middle Chinese: kim sjek
Rime :
| Character | 今 | 昔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) | 昔 (123) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 居吟切 | 思積切 |
| Baxter | kim | sjek |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiɪm/ | /siᴇk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚim/ | /siɛk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiem/ | /siæk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kjim/ | /siajk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kjəm/ | /siɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭĕm/ | /sĭɛk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯əm/ | /si̯ɛk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīn | xi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gam$^1$ | sik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]r[ə]m [s]Ak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krɯm sjaːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 今 | 昔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jīn | xī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kim › | ‹ sjek › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]r[ə]m/ | /*[s]Ak/ |
| English | now | in the past |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 今 | 昔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 6599 | 13309 |
| Phonetic component | 今 | 昔 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 金 | 昔 |
| Old Chinese | /*krɯm/ | /*sjaːɡ/ |
| Notes | 文源謂含初文 | |

### Noun

今昔
* (Classical) last night
* (literary) the present and the past
    Synonym: 古今 (gǔjīn)

#### Derived terms

* 今昔之感

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 今(こん)昔(じゃく) (konjaku)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 今 | 昔 |
| こん Grade: 2 | しゃく > じゃく Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こんじゃく [kòńjákú] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) こんじゃく [kóꜜǹjàkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

今(こん)昔(じゃく) • (konjaku)
* the past and the present

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN