# 平城
## Chinese

* 平城 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Pyongsong (English)
* Pingcheng County (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Píngchéng
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ping$^4$ sing$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Píngchéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Píngchéng
*** Wade–Giles: Pʻing$^2$-chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: Píng-chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Pyngcherng
*** Palladius: Пинчэн (Pinčɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ping$^4$ sing$^4$
*** Yale: pìhng sìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ping$^4$ sing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ping$^4$ xing$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɪŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

### Proper noun

平城
* (～市) Pyongsong (a city in North Korea)
* (～縣) (historical) Pingcheng County (a county during the Han and Northern Wei dynasties, located around modern-day Datong, Shanxi, China)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 平城(へいじょう) (Heijō)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 平 | 城 |
| ひら Grade: 3 | しろ > じろ Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi ||
From 平 (hira, “something flat or flattened”) +‎ 城 (shiro, “castle, fortress”).
The shiro changes to jiro as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひらじろ [hìrájíró] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çiɾa̠ʑiɾo̞]

#### Noun

平(ひら)城(じろ) • (hirajiro)
* a castle built on level ground or flatland

##### See also

* 山(やま)城(しろ) (yamashiro)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 平 | 城 |
| ひら Grade: 3 | じょう Grade: 4 |
| yutōyomi ||
From 平 (hira, “something flat or flattened”) +‎ 城 (jō, “castle, fortress”, on-reading of shiro).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひらじょー [hìrájóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çiɾa̠ʑo̞ː]

#### Noun

平(ひら)城(じょう) • (hirajō)
* a castle built on level ground or flatland

##### See also

* 山(さん)城(じょう) (sanjō)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 平 | 城 |
| へい Grade: 3 | じょう Grade: 4 |
| kan'on | goon |
/pei d͡ʑʲau/ → /ɸeid͡ʑɔː/ → /heːd͡ʑoː/
From Middle Chinese 平城 (MC bjaeng dzyeng).
The short form senses are from the on-reading of the alternative spelling of 奈良 (Nara) below.

#### Proper noun

平(へい)城(じょう) • (Heijō)
* (historical) Pingcheng County during the Han and Northern Wei dynasties of ancient China, now part of Datong, Shanxi Province
* Short for 平城京 (Heijō-kyō): the capital of ancient Japan during most of the Nara period
* Short for 平城宮 (Heijō-kyū): the imperial palace on the north end of Heijō-kyō

##### See also

* 大(だい)同(どう) (Daidō)

#### Noun

平(へい)城(じょう) • (heijō)
* (rare) a castle built on level ground or flatland

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 平 | 城 |
| なら ||
| Grade: 3 | Grade: 4 |
| jukujikun ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 平城 – see the following entry. :
| 【奈良なら】 | [proper noun] a placename, especially: [proper noun] Short for 奈良県 (Nara-ken): Nara (a prefecture of Japan) [proper noun] Short for 奈良市 (Nara-shi): Nara (the capital city of Nara Prefecture) [proper noun] a surname Alternative spelling 寧楽 |
(This term, 平城, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

#### Derived terms

* 平城(なら)坂(ざか) (Narazaka)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN