# 想像
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiǎngxiàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˇ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^2$ zoeng$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sióng-siong
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sióng-siǒng / sióng-siōng / siáng-chhiāng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎngxiàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˇ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎngsiàng
*** Wade–Giles: hsiang$^3$-hsiang$^4$
*** Yale: syǎng-syàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheangshianq
*** Palladius: сянсян (sjansjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$想像 想象
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^2$ zoeng$^6$
*** Yale: séung jeuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^2$ dzoeng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^2$ zêng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ³⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$想像 想象
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sióng-siong
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiong$^ˋ$ xiong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiong$^3$ xiong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯oŋ³¹ si̯oŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sióng-siǒng
*** Tâi-lô: sióng-siǒng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sióng-siōng
*** Tâi-lô: sióng-siōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siofngsiong
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáng-chhiāng
*** Tâi-lô: siáng-tshiāng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siafngchiang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiaŋ²²/

### Verb

想像
* Alternative form of 想象 (xiǎngxiàng, “to imagine; to picture; to envision”)

#### Usage notes

In Mainland China, the form 想象 (xiǎngxiàng) is prescribed and 想像 is proscribed. In Taiwan and Hong Kong, 想像 is preferred.

#### Derived terms

* 想像力 (xiǎngxiànglì)
* 難以想像／难以想像

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 想 | 像 |
| そう Grade: 3 | ぞう Grade: 5 |
| goon ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そーぞー [sòózóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [so̞ːzo̞ː]

### Noun

想(そう)像(ぞう) • (sōzō)
* imagination
    想像(そうぞう)以上(いじょう)
       sōzō ijō
       beyond (one's) imagination
* guess, suppose

### Verb

想(そう)像(ぞう)する • (sōzō suru) transitive suru (stem 想(そう)像(ぞう)し (sōzō shi), past 想(そう)像(ぞう)した (sōzō shita))
* imagine
* guess, suppose

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 想像し | そうぞうし | sōzō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 想像し | そうぞうし | sōzō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 想像する | そうぞうする | sōzō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 想像する | そうぞうする | sōzō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 想像すれ | そうぞうすれ | sōzō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 想像せよ¹ 想像しろ² | そうぞうせよ¹ そうぞうしろ² | sōzō seyo¹ sōzō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 想像される | そうぞうされる | sōzō sareru |
| Causative | 想像させる 想像さす | そうぞうさせる そうぞうさす | sōzō saseru sōzō sasu |
| Potential | 想像できる | そうぞうできる | sōzō dekiru |
| Volitional | 想像しよう | そうぞうしよう | sōzō shiyō |
| Negative | 想像しない | そうぞうしない | sōzō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 想像せず | そうぞうせず | sōzō sezu |
| Formal | 想像します | そうぞうします | sōzō shimasu |
| Perfective | 想像した | そうぞうした | sōzō shita |
| Conjunctive | 想像して | そうぞうして | sōzō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 想像すれば | そうぞうすれば | sōzō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 想 | 像 |

### Noun

想像 • (sangsang) (hangeul 상상)
* hanja form of 상상 (“imagination; speculation”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 想 | 像 |

### Verb

想像
* chữ Hán form of tưởng tượng (“to imagine”).