# 貧苦
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pínkǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄎㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pan$^4$ fu$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phìn-khú
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pîn-khó͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pínkǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄎㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pínkǔ
*** Wade–Giles: pʻin$^2$-kʻu$^3$
*** Yale: pín-kǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pynkuu
*** Palladius: пиньку (pinʹku)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰin³⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pan$^4$ fu$^2$
*** Yale: pàhn fú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pan$^4$ fu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pen$^4$ fu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɐn²¹ fuː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phìn-khú
*** Hakka Romanization System: pin$^ˇ$ ku$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pin$^2$ ku$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰin¹¹ kʰu³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pîn-khó͘
*** Tâi-lô: pîn-khóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pinqor
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pin²⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pin²⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pin¹³⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pin²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pin²³⁻³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/

### Adjective

貧苦
* impoverished; poverty-stricken; poor

#### Synonyms

* 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
* 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
* 困窮／困穷 (kùnqióng)
* 困苦 (kùnkǔ)
* 困難／困难
* 困頓／困顿 (kùndùn)
* 宋凶 (Hokkien)
* 散 (Hokkien)
* 散凶 (Hokkien)
* 散赤 (Hokkien)
* 清苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
* 淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
* 清貧／清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
* 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
* 磽／硗 (Teochew)
* 䆀康 (Hokkien)
* 空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
* 窄
* 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
* 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
* 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
* 窮／穷 (qióng)
* 窮乏／穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)
* 窮困／穷困 (qióngkùn)
* 窮㾪／穷㾪 (Hokkien)
* 窮苦／穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
* 窮赤／穷赤 (Hokkien)
* 艱苦／艰苦 (Hokkien)
* 苦寒 (kǔhán)
* 貧乏／贫乏 (pínfá)
* 貧困／贫困 (pínkùn)
* 貧寒／贫寒 (pínhán)
* 貧瘠／贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
* 貧窮／贫穷 (pínqióng)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 貧, 窮 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 窮, 貧窮, 窮困, 貧困, 赤貧, 貧乏, 貧苦, 貧寒, 苦寒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 窮, 貧窮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 窮, 貧窮, 窮苦 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 窮 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 窮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 苦寒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 窮 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 窮 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 窮 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 窮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 窮 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 窮無 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 窮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 宋凶, 㾪赤, 窮㾪, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 宋凶, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 窮赤 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 宋凶, 散, 散赤, 赤, 䆀空, 無空 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 散, 散赤, 散食, 散凶, 窮赤, 窮散, 窮苦 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 磽 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 窮, 磽 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 窮, 磽 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 窮, 蒯 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 窮 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 窮 |
| Wu | Danyang | 窮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 窮 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 倒灶 |

#### Antonyms

* 富裕 (fùyù)