# 胡麻
## Chinese

* 胡麻

### Etymology

This word originally referred to flax (Linum usitatissimum), an import from the Western Regions, but was later confounded with sesame. For more on the background, see Laufer (1967).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): húmá
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ ㄇㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wu$^4$ maa$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: húmá
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄇㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: húmá
*** Wade–Giles: hu$^2$-ma$^2$
*** Yale: hú-má
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwuma
*** Palladius: хума (xuma)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu³⁵ mä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wu$^4$ maa$^4$
*** Yale: wùh màh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wu$^4$ maa$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wu$^4$ ma$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuː²¹ maː²¹/

### Noun

胡麻
* flax (Linum usitatissimum); linseed
* sesame (Sesamum indicum)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 芝麻, 胡麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 芝麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 芝麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 芝麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 芝麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 芝麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 芝麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 芝麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 芝麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 芝麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 芝麻 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 芝麻 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 芝麻 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 芝麻 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 芝麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 芝麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 芝麻, 麻子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 芝麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 芝麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 芝麻, 油麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 芝麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 芝麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pematangsiantar | 芝麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 芝麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 芝麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 麻子 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 麻子 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 麻仔 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 芝麻, 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 芝麻, 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 芝麻, 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 芝麻, 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Bangkok (Guangfu) | 芝麻 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 芝麻 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 麻仔, 芝麻 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 芝麻, 麻子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 麻仔, 麻 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 芝麻 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 麻哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 麻哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 油麻哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 麻哩 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 麻仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 芝麻 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 麻 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 麻子 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 麻仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 麻仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 麻仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 麻 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 麻仔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 麻子 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 芝麻 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 芝麻, 麻 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Jiexi) | 油麻 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 油麻 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 芝麻 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 芝麻 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 芝麻 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 芝麻 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 芝麻 |
| Jin | Handan | 芝麻 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 芝麻 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 麻仔 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 麻仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 芝麻, 油麻 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 麻 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 麻 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 麻 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 麻 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 麻 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 麻, 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 麻 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Yun'ao) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 麻葈 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 油麻 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 蓖麻, 芝麻 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 油麻 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 油麻 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 油麻 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 油麻 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 油麻 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 油麻 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 麻, 油麻 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 麻 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 麻 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 油麻 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 油麻 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 芝麻 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 油麻 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Danyang | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 油麻 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 芝麻 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 油麻籽 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 油麻, 芝麻 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 油麻 |

#### Derived terms

* 胡麻籽

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 胡麻(ごま) (goma)
* → Korean: 호마(胡麻) (homa)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 胡 | 麻 |
| ご Jinmeiyō | ま Grade: S |
| goon | kan'yōon |

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ごま [gòmá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡo̞ma̠]
* Homophone: 護摩

### Noun

胡(ご)麻(ま) or 胡麻(ゴマ) • (goma)
* sesame (Sesamum indicum), both plant and seeds

#### Derived terms

* 胡麻油(ごまあぶら) (gomaabura)
* 胡麻塩(ごましお) (gomashio)
* 開(ひら)け胡麻(ごま) (hirakegoma)
* 臍(へそ)の胡麻(ごま) (heso no goma)