# 皇太后
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huángtàihòu
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄏㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wong$^4$ taai$^3$ hau$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hông-thài-hō͘ / hông-thài-hiō
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^5$ tai$^3$ hou$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huángtàihòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄏㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huángtàihòu
*** Wade–Giles: huang$^2$-tʻai$^4$-hou$^4$
*** Yale: hwáng-tài-hòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwangtayhow
*** Palladius: хуантайхоу (xuantajxou)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wong$^4$ taai$^3$ hau$^6$
*** Yale: wòhng taai hauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wong$^4$ taai$^3$ hau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wong$^4$ tai$^3$ heo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔːŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³ hɐu̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-thài-hō͘
*** Tâi-lô: hông-thài-hōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongtae'ho
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔ³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-thài-hiō
*** Tâi-lô: hông-thài-hiō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongtae'hioi
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɤ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hio³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^5$ tai$^3$ hou$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng thài hŏu
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hou³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: hwang thajH huwX|huwH
Rime :
| Character | 皇 | 太 | 后 | 后 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 透 (6) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (102) | 泰 (25) | 侯 (137) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 胡光切 | 他蓋切 | 胡口切 | 胡遘切 |
| Baxter | hwang | thajH | huwX | huwH |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦwɑŋ/ | /tʰɑi$^H$/ | /ɦəu$^X$/ | /ɦəu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷɑŋ/ | /tʰɑi$^H$/ | /ɦəu$^X$/ | /ɦəu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɑŋ/ | /tʰɑi$^H$/ | /ɣəu$^X$/ | /ɣəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwaŋ/ | /tʰaj$^H$/ | /ɦəw$^X$/ | /ɦəw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɑŋ/ | /tʰɑi$^H$/ | /ɣu$^X$/ | /ɣu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuɑŋ/ | /tʰɑi$^H$/ | /ɣəu$^X$/ | /ɣəu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣwɑŋ/ | /tʰɑi$^H$/ | /ɣə̯u$^X$/ | /ɣə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huáng | tài | hòu | hòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wong$^4$ | taai$^3$ | hau$^6$ | hau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤaŋ l̥ˤa[t]-s ɢˤ(r)oʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaːŋ tʰaːds ɡoːʔ|ɡoːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 皇 | 皇 | 太 | 后 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huáng | huáng | tài | hòu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwang › | ‹ hwang › | ‹ thaj$^H$ › | ‹ huw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/ | /*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/ | /*l̥ˁa[t]-s/ | /*ɢˁ(r)oʔ/ |
| English | yellow and white spotted | sovereign | great | sovereign; queen |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 皇 | 太 | 后 | 后 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 12696 | 1937 | 5168 | 5172 |
| Phonetic component | 王 | 大 | 后 | 后 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 祭 | 侯 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 黃 | 泰 | 厚 | 𠋫 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷaːŋ/ | /*tʰaːds/ | /*ɡoːʔ/ | /*ɡoːs/ |
| Notes | 禮王制鄭注冕屬， 金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文 | | | |

### Noun

皇太后
* empress dowager
    From: The Firmament of the Pleiades
    Núcái tì tiānxià bǎixìng gǎnjī huángtàihòu ēndiǎn! [Pinyin]
    I, on behalf of the people throughout the world, [hereby] express my gratitude for the kindness of the empress dowager!

#### Synonyms

* 太后 (tàihòu)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 皇太后(こうたいごう) (kōtaigō)
* → Korean: 황태후(皇太后) (hwangtaehu)
* → Vietnamese: hoàng thái hậu (皇太后)
Others:
* → Khitan: 𘭝𘲈𘰬 (*hoŋ tai heu)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 皇 | 太 | 后 |
| こう Grade: 6 | たい Grade: 2 | ごう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi |||

### Noun

皇(こう)太(たい)后(ごう) • (kōtaigō)
* empress dowager
    Synonym: 太后 (taigō)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 皇 | 太 | 后 |

### Noun

皇太后 • (hwangtaehu) (hangeul 황태후)
* hanja form of 황태후 (“empress dowager”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 皇 | 太 | 后 |

### Noun

皇太后
* chữ Hán form of hoàng thái hậu (“empress dowager”).