# qaphela
## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-qaphela$^?$
* (intransitive) to be careful

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǃapʰéːla/

### Verb

-qaphéla
* (intransitive) to be alert, to be cautious, to be careful, to be safe, to be watchful
* (intransitive) to pay attention
* (transitive) to beware of, to watch out for
* (transitive) to note, to notice

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuqaphela |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqaphela | ukungaqapheli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qaphela | -qaphele |
| Plural | qaphelani | -qapheleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqaphela, ngiqaphela | engiqaphelayo, engiqaphela | ngiqaphela | angiqapheli | engingaqapheli | ngingaqapheli |
| 2nd singular | uyaqaphela, uqaphela | oqaphelayo, oqaphela | uqaphela | awuqapheli | ongaqapheli | ungaqapheli |
| 1st plural | siyaqaphela, siqaphela | esiqaphelayo, esiqaphela | siqaphela | asiqapheli | esingaqapheli | singaqapheli |
| 2nd plural | niyaqaphela, niqaphela | eniqaphelayo, eniqaphela | niqaphela | aniqapheli | eningaqapheli | ningaqapheli |
| Class 1 | uyaqaphela, uqaphela | oqaphelayo, oqaphela | eqaphela | akaqapheli | ongaqapheli | engaqapheli |
| Class 2 | bayaqaphela, baqaphela | abaqaphelayo, abaqaphela | beqaphela | abaqapheli | abangaqapheli | bengaqapheli |
| Class 3 | uyaqaphela, uqaphela | oqaphelayo, oqaphela | uqaphela | awuqapheli | ongaqapheli | ungaqapheli |
| Class 4 | iyaqaphela, iqaphela | eqaphelayo, eqaphela | iqaphela | ayiqapheli | engaqapheli | ingaqapheli |
| Class 5 | liyaqaphela, liqaphela | eliqaphelayo, eliqaphela | liqaphela | aliqapheli | elingaqapheli | lingaqapheli |
| Class 6 | ayaqaphela, aqaphela | aqaphelayo, aqaphela | eqaphela | awaqapheli | angaqapheli | engaqapheli |
| Class 7 | siyaqaphela, siqaphela | esiqaphelayo, esiqaphela | siqaphela | asiqapheli | esingaqapheli | singaqapheli |
| Class 8 | ziyaqaphela, ziqaphela | eziqaphelayo, eziqaphela | ziqaphela | aziqapheli | ezingaqapheli | zingaqapheli |
| Class 9 | iyaqaphela, iqaphela | eqaphelayo, eqaphela | iqaphela | ayiqapheli | engaqapheli | ingaqapheli |
| Class 10 | ziyaqaphela, ziqaphela | eziqaphelayo, eziqaphela | ziqaphela | aziqapheli | ezingaqapheli | zingaqapheli |
| Class 11 | luyaqaphela, luqaphela | oluqaphelayo, oluqaphela | luqaphela | aluqapheli | olungaqapheli | lungaqapheli |
| Class 14 | buyaqaphela, buqaphela | obuqaphelayo, obuqaphela | buqaphela | abuqapheli | obungaqapheli | bungaqapheli |
| Class 15 | kuyaqaphela, kuqaphela | okuqaphelayo, okuqaphela | kuqaphela | akuqapheli | okungaqapheli | kungaqapheli |
| Class 17 | kuyaqaphela, kuqaphela | okuqaphelayo, okuqaphela | kuqaphela | akuqapheli | okungaqapheli | kungaqapheli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqaphelile, ngiqaphelē | engiqaphelile, engiqaphelē | ngiqaphelile, ngiqaphelē | angiqaphelanga | engingaqaphelanga | ngingaqaphelanga |
| 2nd singular | uqaphelile, uqaphelē | oqaphelile, oqaphelē | uqaphelile, uqaphelē | awuqaphelanga | ongaqaphelanga | ungaqaphelanga |
| 1st plural | siqaphelile, siqaphelē | esiqaphelile, esiqaphelē | siqaphelile, siqaphelē | asiqaphelanga | esingaqaphelanga | singaqaphelanga |
| 2nd plural | niqaphelile, niqaphelē | eniqaphelile, eniqaphelē | niqaphelile, niqaphelē | aniqaphelanga | eningaqaphelanga | ningaqaphelanga |
| Class 1 | uqaphelile, uqaphelē | oqaphelile, oqaphelē | eqaphelile, eqaphelē | akaqaphelanga | ongaqaphelanga | engaqaphelanga |
| Class 2 | baqaphelile, baqaphelē | abaqaphelile, abaqaphelē | beqaphelile, beqaphelē | abaqaphelanga | abangaqaphelanga | bengaqaphelanga |
| Class 3 | uqaphelile, uqaphelē | oqaphelile, oqaphelē | uqaphelile, uqaphelē | awuqaphelanga | ongaqaphelanga | ungaqaphelanga |
| Class 4 | iqaphelile, iqaphelē | eqaphelile, eqaphelē | iqaphelile, iqaphelē | ayiqaphelanga | engaqaphelanga | ingaqaphelanga |
| Class 5 | liqaphelile, liqaphelē | eliqaphelile, eliqaphelē | liqaphelile, liqaphelē | aliqaphelanga | elingaqaphelanga | lingaqaphelanga |
| Class 6 | aqaphelile, aqaphelē | aqaphelile, aqaphelē | eqaphelile, eqaphelē | awaqaphelanga | angaqaphelanga | engaqaphelanga |
| Class 7 | siqaphelile, siqaphelē | esiqaphelile, esiqaphelē | siqaphelile, siqaphelē | asiqaphelanga | esingaqaphelanga | singaqaphelanga |
| Class 8 | ziqaphelile, ziqaphelē | eziqaphelile, eziqaphelē | ziqaphelile, ziqaphelē | aziqaphelanga | ezingaqaphelanga | zingaqaphelanga |
| Class 9 | iqaphelile, iqaphelē | eqaphelile, eqaphelē | iqaphelile, iqaphelē | ayiqaphelanga | engaqaphelanga | ingaqaphelanga |
| Class 10 | ziqaphelile, ziqaphelē | eziqaphelile, eziqaphelē | ziqaphelile, ziqaphelē | aziqaphelanga | ezingaqaphelanga | zingaqaphelanga |
| Class 11 | luqaphelile, luqaphelē | oluqaphelile, oluqaphelē | luqaphelile, luqaphelē | aluqaphelanga | olungaqaphelanga | lungaqaphelanga |
| Class 14 | buqaphelile, buqaphelē | obuqaphelile, obuqaphelē | buqaphelile, buqaphelē | abuqaphelanga | obungaqaphelanga | bungaqaphelanga |
| Class 15 | kuqaphelile, kuqaphelē | okuqaphelile, okuqaphelē | kuqaphelile, kuqaphelē | akuqaphelanga | okungaqaphelanga | kungaqaphelanga |
| Class 17 | kuqaphelile, kuqaphelē | okuqaphelile, okuqaphelē | kuqaphelile, kuqaphelē | akuqaphelanga | okungaqaphelanga | kungaqaphelanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqaphela | engāqaphela | ngāqaphela | angiqaphelanga | engingaqaphelanga | ngingaqaphelanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqaphela | owāqaphela | wāqaphela | awuqaphelanga | ongaqaphelanga | ungaqaphelanga |
| 1st plural | sāqaphela | esāqaphela | sāqaphela | asiqaphelanga | esingaqaphelanga | singaqaphelanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqaphela | enāqaphela | nāqaphela | aniqaphelanga | eningaqaphelanga | ningaqaphelanga |
| Class 1 | wāqaphela | owāqaphela | āqaphela | akaqaphelanga | ongaqaphelanga | engaqaphelanga |
| Class 2 | bāqaphela | abāqaphela | bāqaphela | abaqaphelanga | abangaqaphelanga | bengaqaphelanga |
| Class 3 | wāqaphela | owāqaphela | wāqaphela | awuqaphelanga | ongaqaphelanga | ungaqaphelanga |
| Class 4 | yāqaphela | eyāqaphela | yāqaphela | ayiqaphelanga | engaqaphelanga | ingaqaphelanga |
| Class 5 | lāqaphela | elāqaphela | lāqaphela | aliqaphelanga | elingaqaphelanga | lingaqaphelanga |
| Class 6 | āqaphela | āqaphela | āqaphela | awaqaphelanga | angaqaphelanga | engaqaphelanga |
| Class 7 | sāqaphela | esāqaphela | sāqaphela | asiqaphelanga | esingaqaphelanga | singaqaphelanga |
| Class 8 | zāqaphela | ezāqaphela | zāqaphela | aziqaphelanga | ezingaqaphelanga | zingaqaphelanga |
| Class 9 | yāqaphela | eyāqaphela | yāqaphela | ayiqaphelanga | engaqaphelanga | ingaqaphelanga |
| Class 10 | zāqaphela | ezāqaphela | zāqaphela | aziqaphelanga | ezingaqaphelanga | zingaqaphelanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqaphela | olwāqaphela | lwāqaphela | aluqaphelanga | olungaqaphelanga | lungaqaphelanga |
| Class 14 | bāqaphela | obāqaphela | bāqaphela | abuqaphelanga | obungaqaphelanga | bungaqaphelanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqaphela | okwāqaphela | kwāqaphela | akuqaphelanga | okungaqaphelanga | kungaqaphelanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqaphela | okwāqaphela | kwāqaphela | akuqaphelanga | okungaqaphelanga | kungaqaphelanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqaphela | — | ngingaqaphela | ngingeqaphele | — | ngingeqaphele |
| 2nd singular | ungaqaphela | — | ungaqaphela | ungeqaphele | — | ungeqaphele |
| 1st plural | singaqaphela | — | singaqaphela | singeqaphele | — | singeqaphele |
| 2nd plural | ningaqaphela | — | ningaqaphela | ningeqaphele | — | ningeqaphele |
| Class 1 | angaqaphela | — | engaqaphela | angeqaphele | — | engeqaphele |
| Class 2 | bangaqaphela | — | bengaqaphela | bangeqaphele | — | bengeqaphele |
| Class 3 | ungaqaphela | — | ungaqaphela | ungeqaphele | — | ungeqaphele |
| Class 4 | ingaqaphela | — | ingaqaphela | ingeqaphele | — | ingeqaphele |
| Class 5 | lingaqaphela | — | lingaqaphela | lingeqaphele | — | lingeqaphele |
| Class 6 | angaqaphela | — | engaqaphela | angeqaphele | — | engeqaphele |
| Class 7 | singaqaphela | — | singaqaphela | singeqaphele | — | singeqaphele |
| Class 8 | zingaqaphela | — | zingaqaphela | zingeqaphele | — | zingeqaphele |
| Class 9 | ingaqaphela | — | ingaqaphela | ingeqaphele | — | ingeqaphele |
| Class 10 | zingaqaphela | — | zingaqaphela | zingeqaphele | — | zingeqaphele |
| Class 11 | lungaqaphela | — | lungaqaphela | lungeqaphele | — | lungeqaphele |
| Class 14 | bungaqaphela | — | bungaqaphela | bungeqaphele | — | bungeqaphele |
| Class 15 | kungaqaphela | — | kungaqaphela | kungeqaphele | — | kungeqaphele |
| Class 17 | kungaqaphela | — | kungaqaphela | kungeqaphele | — | kungeqaphele |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqaphela | engizoqaphela | ngizoqaphela | angizuqaphela | engingezuqaphela | ngingezuqaphela |
| 2nd singular | uzoqaphela | ozoqaphela | uzoqaphela | awuzuqaphela | ongezuqaphela | ungezuqaphela |
| 1st plural | sizoqaphela | esizoqaphela | sizoqaphela | asizuqaphela | esingezuqaphela | singezuqaphela |
| 2nd plural | nizoqaphela | enizoqaphela | nizoqaphela | anizuqaphela | eningezuqaphela | ningezuqaphela |
| Class 1 | uzoqaphela | ozoqaphela | ezoqaphela | akazuqaphela | ongezuqaphela | engezuqaphela |
| Class 2 | bazoqaphela | abazoqaphela | bezoqaphela | abazuqaphela | abangezuqaphela | bengezuqaphela |
| Class 3 | uzoqaphela | ozoqaphela | uzoqaphela | awuzuqaphela | ongezuqaphela | ungezuqaphela |
| Class 4 | izoqaphela | ezoqaphela | izoqaphela | ayizuqaphela | engezuqaphela | ingezuqaphela |
| Class 5 | lizoqaphela | elizoqaphela | lizoqaphela | alizuqaphela | elingezuqaphela | lingezuqaphela |
| Class 6 | azoqaphela | azoqaphela | ezoqaphela | awazuqaphela | angezuqaphela | engezuqaphela |
| Class 7 | sizoqaphela | esizoqaphela | sizoqaphela | asizuqaphela | esingezuqaphela | singezuqaphela |
| Class 8 | zizoqaphela | ezizoqaphela | zizoqaphela | azizuqaphela | ezingezuqaphela | zingezuqaphela |
| Class 9 | izoqaphela | ezoqaphela | izoqaphela | ayizuqaphela | engezuqaphela | ingezuqaphela |
| Class 10 | zizoqaphela | ezizoqaphela | zizoqaphela | azizuqaphela | ezingezuqaphela | zingezuqaphela |
| Class 11 | luzoqaphela | oluzoqaphela | luzoqaphela | aluzuqaphela | olungezuqaphela | lungezuqaphela |
| Class 14 | buzoqaphela | obuzoqaphela | buzoqaphela | abuzuqaphela | obungezuqaphela | bungezuqaphela |
| Class 15 | kuzoqaphela | okuzoqaphela | kuzoqaphela | akuzuqaphela | okungezuqaphela | kungezuqaphela |
| Class 17 | kuzoqaphela | okuzoqaphela | kuzoqaphela | akuzuqaphela | okungezuqaphela | kungezuqaphela |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqaphela | engiyoqaphela | ngiyoqaphela | angiyuqaphela | engingeyuqaphela | ngingeyuqaphela |
| 2nd singular | uyoqaphela | oyoqaphela | uyoqaphela | awuyuqaphela | ongeyuqaphela | ungeyuqaphela |
| 1st plural | siyoqaphela | esiyoqaphela | siyoqaphela | asiyuqaphela | esingeyuqaphela | singeyuqaphela |
| 2nd plural | niyoqaphela | eniyoqaphela | niyoqaphela | aniyuqaphela | eningeyuqaphela | ningeyuqaphela |
| Class 1 | uyoqaphela | oyoqaphela | eyoqaphela | akayuqaphela | ongeyuqaphela | engeyuqaphela |
| Class 2 | bayoqaphela | abayoqaphela | beyoqaphela | abayuqaphela | abangeyuqaphela | bengeyuqaphela |
| Class 3 | uyoqaphela | oyoqaphela | uyoqaphela | awuyuqaphela | ongeyuqaphela | ungeyuqaphela |
| Class 4 | iyoqaphela | eyoqaphela | iyoqaphela | ayiyuqaphela | engeyuqaphela | ingeyuqaphela |
| Class 5 | liyoqaphela | eliyoqaphela | liyoqaphela | aliyuqaphela | elingeyuqaphela | lingeyuqaphela |
| Class 6 | ayoqaphela | ayoqaphela | eyoqaphela | awayuqaphela | angeyuqaphela | engeyuqaphela |
| Class 7 | siyoqaphela | esiyoqaphela | siyoqaphela | asiyuqaphela | esingeyuqaphela | singeyuqaphela |
| Class 8 | ziyoqaphela | eziyoqaphela | ziyoqaphela | aziyuqaphela | ezingeyuqaphela | zingeyuqaphela |
| Class 9 | iyoqaphela | eyoqaphela | iyoqaphela | ayiyuqaphela | engeyuqaphela | ingeyuqaphela |
| Class 10 | ziyoqaphela | eziyoqaphela | ziyoqaphela | aziyuqaphela | ezingeyuqaphela | zingeyuqaphela |
| Class 11 | luyoqaphela | oluyoqaphela | luyoqaphela | aluyuqaphela | olungeyuqaphela | lungeyuqaphela |
| Class 14 | buyoqaphela | obuyoqaphela | buyoqaphela | abuyuqaphela | obungeyuqaphela | bungeyuqaphela |
| Class 15 | kuyoqaphela | okuyoqaphela | kuyoqaphela | akuyuqaphela | okungeyuqaphela | kungeyuqaphela |
| Class 17 | kuyoqaphela | okuyoqaphela | kuyoqaphela | akuyuqaphela | okungeyuqaphela | kungeyuqaphela |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqaphele | ngingaqapheli |
| 2nd singular | uqaphele | ungaqapheli |
| 1st plural | siqaphele | singaqapheli |
| 2nd plural | niqaphele | ningaqapheli |
| Class 1 | aqaphele | angaqapheli |
| Class 2 | baqaphele | bangaqapheli |
| Class 3 | uqaphele | ungaqapheli |
| Class 4 | iqaphele | ingaqapheli |
| Class 5 | liqaphele | lingaqapheli |
| Class 6 | aqaphele | angaqapheli |
| Class 7 | siqaphele | singaqapheli |
| Class 8 | ziqaphele | zingaqapheli |
| Class 9 | iqaphele | ingaqapheli |
| Class 10 | ziqaphele | zingaqapheli |
| Class 11 | luqaphele | lungaqapheli |
| Class 14 | buqaphele | bungaqapheli |
| Class 15 | kuqaphele | kungaqapheli |
| Class 17 | kuqaphele | kungaqapheli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqaphela | ngangaqaphela, angaqaphela, angangaqaphela |
| 2nd singular | waqaphela | wangaqaphela, awaqaphela, awangaqaphela |
| 1st plural | saqaphela | sangaqaphela, asaqaphela, asangaqaphela |
| 2nd plural | naqaphela | nangaqaphela, anaqaphela, anangaqaphela |
| Class 1 | waqaphela | wangaqaphela, akaqaphela, akangaqaphela |
| Class 2 | baqaphela | bangaqaphela, abaqaphela, abangaqaphela |
| Class 3 | waqaphela | wangaqaphela, awaqaphela, awangaqaphela |
| Class 4 | yaqaphela | yangaqaphela, ayaqaphela, ayangaqaphela |
| Class 5 | laqaphela | langaqaphela, alaqaphela, alangaqaphela |
| Class 6 | aqaphela | angaqaphela, awaqaphela, awangaqaphela |
| Class 7 | saqaphela | sangaqaphela, asaqaphela, asangaqaphela |
| Class 8 | zaqaphela | zangaqaphela, azaqaphela, azangaqaphela |
| Class 9 | yaqaphela | yangaqaphela, ayaqaphela, ayangaqaphela |
| Class 10 | zaqaphela | zangaqaphela, azaqaphela, azangaqaphela |
| Class 11 | lwaqaphela | lwangaqaphela, alwaqaphela, alwangaqaphela |
| Class 14 | baqaphela | bangaqaphela, abaqaphela, abangaqaphela |
| Class 15 | kwaqaphela | kwangaqaphela, akwaqaphela, akwangaqaphela |
| Class 17 | kwaqaphela | kwangaqaphela, akwaqaphela, akwangaqaphela |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qaphela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qaphela (3.2.9)”