# ὀφθαλμός
## Ancient Greek

Picture dictionary :
ὀφθαλμός
κρανίον
ἐγκέφαλος
ὀφθαλμός
χεῖλος
ῥίς
στόμα
γένειον
γνάθος
οὖς
κρόταφος
τράχηλος :

### Etymology

Traditionally derived from ὄψ (óps, “eye”) +‎ θάλαμος (thálamos, “chamber”), but note the usual ancient Greek word for eye is the similar ὤψ (ṓps), with a long /o/. Based on irregular κτ : πτ : φθ variation seen in variants like ὄκταλλος (óktallos) and ὀπτίλλος (optíllos), as well as the suffix -αλλ- (-all-) seen in ὄκταλλος (óktallos) being difficult to explain in Indo-European terms, Beekes takes the word to be of Pre-Greek origin, with proto-form *okʷt-alʸ-m-. The hypothetical Pre-Greek form's similarity to the Proto-Indo-European equivalent *h₃ókʷs (“eye”) is coincidental, according to Beekes; he additionally notes the contrast with the Homeric gloss ὄκκον (ókkon) given to ὀφθαλμόν (ophthalmón), which may be from the Indo-European root.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /opʰ.tʰal.mós/ → /oɸ.θalˈmos/ → /of.θalˈmos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /opʰ.tʰal.mós/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /opʰ.tʰalˈmos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /oɸ.θalˈmos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /of.θalˈmos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /of.θalˈmos/

### Noun

ὀφθᾰλμός • (ophthalmós) m (genitive ὀφθᾰλμοῦ); second declension
* eye
    Synonym: ὤψ (ṓps)
** (in the singular) eye of a master or ruler
** eye of heaven
** that which is dearest or best; light, cheer, comfort
** (botany) eye, bud (such as the eye of a potato)
** (surgery) surgical bandage covering one or both eyes
** (architecture, in the dual) disks forming the centers of the volutes of an Ionic capital
** (Byzantine) a kind of stone
** (Byzantine) water inlet of a mill
* sight
    Synonyms: ὅρᾱσῐς (hórāsis), εἶδος (eîdos)
* understanding
    Synonym: σῠ́νεσῐς (súnesis)
* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

#### Derived terms

* αἰγόφθᾰλμος (aigóphthalmos)
* αἰλουρόφθᾰλμος (ailouróphthalmos)
* αἰωνόφθᾰλμος (aiōnóphthalmos)
* ᾰ̓νόφθᾰλμος (anóphthalmos)
* ᾰ̓ντόφθᾰλμος (antóphthalmos)
* ᾰ̓ραιόφθᾰλμος (araióphthalmos)
* ᾰ̓ττελεβόφθᾰλμος (attelebóphthalmos)
* γερᾰνόφθᾰλμος (geranóphthalmos)
* γλαυκόφθᾰλμος (glaukóphthalmos)
* γοργόφθᾰλμος (gorgóphthalmos)
* δῠσόφθᾰλμος (dusóphthalmos)
* ἐξόφθᾰλμος (exóphthalmos)
* ἑτερόφθᾰλμος (heteróphthalmos)
* εὐόφθᾰλμος (euóphthalmos)
* ἡδῠόφθᾰλμος (hēduóphthalmos)
* κοιλόφθᾰλμος (koilóphthalmos)
* λᾰγώφθᾰλμος (lagṓphthalmos)
* λᾰμπρόφθᾰλμος (lampróphthalmos)
* λευκόφθᾰλμος (leukóphthalmos)
* λῑρόφθᾰλμος (līróphthalmos)
* λοξόφθᾰλμος (loxóphthalmos)
* λῠκόφθᾰλμος (lukóphthalmos)
* μᾰλᾰκόφθᾰλμος (malakóphthalmos)
* μεγᾰλόφθᾰλμος (megalóphthalmos)
* μελᾰνόφθᾰλμος (melanóphthalmos)
* μεσόφθᾰλμος (mesóphthalmos)
* μῐκρόφθᾰλμος (mikróphthalmos)
* μονόφθᾰλμος (monóphthalmos)
* μῡρῐόφθᾰλμος (mūrióphthalmos)
* ὀφθᾰλμηδόν (ophthalmēdón)
* ὀφθᾰλμῐ́ᾱ (ophthalmíā)
* ὀφθᾰ́λμῐᾰ (ophthálmia)
* ὀφθᾰλμῐ́ᾱς (ophthalmíās)
* ὀφθᾰλμῐ́δῐον (ophthalmídion)
* ὀφθᾰλμῐ́ζομαι (ophthalmízomai)
* ὀφθᾰλμῐκός (ophthalmikós)
* ὀφθᾰλμῖτῐς (ophthalmîtis)
* ὀφθᾰλμοβόλος (ophthalmobólos)
* ὀφθᾰλμοβόρος (ophthalmobóros)
* ὀφθᾰλμοδουλείᾱ (ophthalmodouleíā)
* ὀφθᾰλμοειδής (ophthalmoeidḗs)
* ὀφθᾰλμοκλέπτης (ophthalmokléptēs)
* ὀφθᾰλμοπόνος (ophthalmopónos)
* ὀφθᾰλμόσοφος (ophthalmósophos)
* ὀφθᾰλμοστᾰτήρ (ophthalmostatḗr)
* ὀφθᾰλμότεγκτος (ophthalmótenktos)
* ὀφθᾰλμοφᾰνής (ophthalmophanḗs)
* ὀφθᾰλμώρῠχος (ophthalmṓrukhos)
* πᾰντόφθᾰλμος (pantóphthalmos)
* πλᾰτῠόφθᾰλμος (platuóphthalmos)
* πολῠόφθᾰλμος (poluóphthalmos)
* πονηρόφθᾰλμος (ponēróphthalmos)
* πῠκνόφθᾰλμος (puknóphthalmos)
* ῥῑψόφθᾰλμος (rhīpsóphthalmos)
* σκληρόφθᾰλμος (sklēróphthalmos)
* σκοροδόφθᾰλμος (skorodóphthalmos)
* στερνόφθᾰλμος (sternóphthalmos)
* ταυρόφθᾰλμος (tauróphthalmos)
* τρῐόφθᾰλμος (trióphthalmos)
* τρῠφερόφθᾰλμος (trupheróphthalmos)
* ῠ̔γρόφθᾰλμος (hugróphthalmos)
* ῠ̔όφθᾰλμος (huóphthalmos)
* ῠ̔ψόφθᾰλμος (hupsóphthalmos)
* χᾰροπόφθᾰλμος (kharopóphthalmos)
* ὡραιόφθᾰλμος (hōraióphthalmos)

#### Descendants

* Greek: οφθαλμός (ofthalmós)
* → English: ophthalmo-
* → French: ophtalmo-
* → German: ophthalmo-

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὀφθαλμός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1133-4
* ↑ “ὀφθαλμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ↑ ὀφθαλμός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

### Further reading

* “ὀφθαλμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ὀφθαλμός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ὀφθαλμός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* ὀφθαλμός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “ὀφθαλμός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G3788 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* ὀφθαλμός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. bud idem, page 102.countenance idem, page 177.eye idem, page 299.face idem, page 299.gaze idem, page 355.glance idem, page 361.look idem, page 498.sight idem, page 774.vision idem, page 954.
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN