# 闡明
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chǎnmíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˇ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zin$^2$ ming$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhán-bêng / chhián-bêng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chǎnmíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˇ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chǎnmíng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻan$^3$-ming$^2$
*** Yale: chǎn-míng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaanming
*** Palladius: чаньмин (čanʹmin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ miŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zin$^2$ ming$^4$
*** Yale: jín mìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzin$^2$ ming$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jin$^2$ ming$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːn³⁵ mɪŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhán-bêng
*** Tâi-lô: tshán-bîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhafnbeeng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhián-bêng
*** Tâi-lô: tshián-bîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiefnbeeng
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ biɪŋ²³/

### Verb

闡明
* to clarify; to expound; to explain
       Tāmen wèn tā láifǎng de mùdi, tā xiàng tāmen chǎnmíng le láiyì. [Pinyin]
       They asked her why she visited, and she explained why she came.

#### Synonyms

* 交代 (jiāodài)
* 介紹／介绍 (jièshào) (a situation)
* 分解 (fēnjiě)
* 拆白 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 拆破 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 解說／解说 (jiěshuō)
* 解釋／解释 (jiěshì)
* 訓／训 (xùn) (literary, or in compounds, meanings of words)
* 說／说
* 說明／说明 (shuōmíng)
* 說解／说解 (shuōjiě) (literary)
* 講明／讲明 (jiǎngmíng)
* 講解／讲解 (jiǎngjiě)
* 開釋／开释 (kāishì) (literary)
* 闡發／阐发 (chǎnfā)
* 闡說／阐说 (chǎnshuō)
* 闡論／阐论 (chǎnlùn) (literary)
* 闡釋／阐释 (chǎnshì)
* 陳／陈 (chén) (literary, or in compounds)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 闡 | 明 |
| せん Hyōgai | めい Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* Homophone: 鮮明

### Noun

闡(せん)明(めい) • (senmei)
* explanation

### Verb

闡(せん)明(めい)する • (senmei suru) suru (stem 闡(せん)明(めい)し (senmei shi), past 闡(せん)明(めい)した (senmei shita))
* explain

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 闡明し | せんめいし | senmei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 闡明し | せんめいし | senmei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 闡明する | せんめいする | senmei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 闡明する | せんめいする | senmei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 闡明すれ | せんめいすれ | senmei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 闡明せよ¹ 闡明しろ² | せんめいせよ¹ せんめいしろ² | senmei seyo¹ senmei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 闡明される | せんめいされる | senmei sareru |
| Causative | 闡明させる 闡明さす | せんめいさせる せんめいさす | senmei saseru senmei sasu |
| Potential | 闡明できる | せんめいできる | senmei dekiru |
| Volitional | 闡明しよう | せんめいしよう | senmei shiyō |
| Negative | 闡明しない | せんめいしない | senmei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 闡明せず | せんめいせず | senmei sezu |
| Formal | 闡明します | せんめいします | senmei shimasu |
| Perfective | 闡明した | せんめいした | senmei shita |
| Conjunctive | 闡明して | せんめいして | senmei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 闡明すれば | せんめいすれば | senmei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 闡 | 明 |

### Noun

闡明 • (cheonmyeong) (hangeul 천명)
* hanja form of 천명 (“explanation; clarification”)