# 摩訶
## Chinese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit महा (mahā), itself the combining form of महत् (mahat, “great”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): móhē
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄜ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mo$^1$ ho$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: móhē
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: móhe
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^2$-ho$^1$
*** Yale: mwó-hē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mohe
*** Palladius: мохэ (moxɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mo$^1$ ho$^1$
*** Yale: mō hō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mo$^1$ ho$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mo$^1$ ho$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔː⁵⁵ hɔː⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: ma xa
Rime :
| Character | 摩 | 訶 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 莫婆切 | 虎何切 |
| Baxter | ma | xa |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muɑ/ | /hɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muɑ/ | /hɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muɑ/ | /xɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwa/ | /ha/ |
| Li Rong | /muɑ/ | /xɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /muɑ/ | /xɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /muɑ/ | /xɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mó | hē |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mo$^4$ | ho$^1$ |

### Adjective

摩訶
* (Buddhism, chiefly as a prefix) maha; great
    From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16th century CE
    Shìmén címǐn gǔlái duō, zhèng shàn chénggōng shuō móhē. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Derived terms

* 摩訶婆羅多／摩诃婆罗多 (Móhēpóluóduō)
* 摩訶羅／摩诃罗 (móhēluó)
* 摩訶般若波羅蜜多心經／摩诃般若波罗蜜多心经 (Móhē Bōrě Bōluómìduō Xīnjīng)
* 摩訶薩埵／摩诃萨埵 (móhēsàduǒ)
* 摩訶衍／摩诃衍 (Móhēyǎn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 摩 | 訶 |
| ま Grade: S | か Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 摩訶 (MC ma xa), in turn a borrowing from Sanskrit महा (mahā), itself the combining form of महत् (mahat, “great”).
First cited in Japanese to the 824 Buddhist text 大日経開題 (Dainichikyō Kaidai), a commentary written by 弘法大師 (Kōbō Daishi, also known as Kūkai) on the 大毘盧遮那成仏神変加持経 (Dai Birushana Jōbutsu Jinben Kaji Kyō, “Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sūtra”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まか [máꜜkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ma̠ka̠]

### Noun

摩(ま)訶(か) • (maka)
* [from 824] (Buddhism) something great, something excellent (used as an epithet with regard to people or things)

#### Derived terms

* 摩(ま)訶(か)不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ) (maka fushigi, “mysterious, profound mystery”)

### Prefix

摩(ま)訶(か) or 摩訶(マカ) • (maka-)
* [from 824] (Buddhism) great, excellent (used as an epithet on the names of people or things)

#### Derived terms

* 摩(ま)訶(か)般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みっ)多(た)心(しん)経(ぎょう) (Maka Hannya Haramitta Shingyō, “Heart Sutra”)
* 摩(ま)訶(か)毘(び)盧(る)遮(しゃ)那(な) (Makabirushana, “Mahāvairocana”)

### References

* 1 2 “摩訶”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ “摩訶”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 摩 | 訶 |

### Noun

摩訶 • (maha) (hangeul 마하)
* hanja form of 마하 (“(Buddhism, chiefly as a prefix) greatness”)