# 愚人
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yúrén
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ ㄖㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^4$ jan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yúrén
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˊ ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yúrén
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^2$-jên$^2$
*** Yale: yú-rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuren
*** Palladius: юйжэнь (jujžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /y³⁵ ʐən³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$愚人 漁人／渔人 餘人／余人
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^4$ jan$^4$
*** Yale: yùh yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^4$ jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^4$ yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː²¹ jɐn²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$愚人 漁人／渔人
* Middle Chinese: ngju nyin
Rime :
| Character | 愚 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 虞俱切 | 如鄰切 |
| Baxter | ngju | nyin |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɨo/ | /ȵiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋio/ | /ȵin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋio/ | /ȵʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋuə̆/ | /ȵin/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋio/ | /ȵiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭu/ | /ȵʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ŋi̯u/ | /ȵʑi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yú | rén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^4$ | jan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋo njin/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyin › |
| Old Chinese | /*ni[ŋ]/ |
| English | (other) person |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 愚 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 15919 | 10800 |
| Phonetic component | 禺 | 人 |
| Rime group | 侯 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 仁 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋo/ | /*njin/ |

### Noun

愚人
* (literary) stupid person; fool; simpleton
    From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18th century CE
    Yóu Èrjiě dīlèi shuōdào: “Nǐmen ná wǒ zuò yúrén dài, shénme shì wǒ bù zhī.” [Pinyin]
    Second Sister You said with tears dripping, “You treat me like a fool. Whatever it is, I do not know.”
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Hóngyàn yú fēi, āimíng áo'áo. Wéi cǐ zhérén, wèi wǒ qúláo. Wéi bǐ yúrén, wèi wǒ xuānjiāo. [Pinyin]
    The wild geese are flying about, And melancholy is their cry of ao-ao. There were they, wise men, who recognized our pain and toil; If they had been stupid men, They would have said we were proclaiming our insolence.
* (tarot) the Fool

#### Synonyms

* 人頭豬腦／人头猪脑 (réntóuzhūnǎo) (chiefly Cantonese)
* 低能兒／低能儿 (dīnéng'ér)
* 侗戇／侗戆 (Hokkien)
* 傻子 (shǎzi)
* 傻瓜 (shǎguā)
* 呆大 (Wu)
* 呆子 (dāizi)
* 呆瓜 (dāiguā)
* 哈卵 (ha$^3$ lonn$^3$) (Xiang, Southwestern Mandarin, vulgar)
* 哚哥 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 喥頭／喥头 (Wu)
* 壋將／垱将 (Hokkien)
* 大戇呆／大戆呆 (Hokkien)
* 大戇牯／大戆牯 (Hakka)
* 大番薯 (Hakka)
* 戇人／戆人 (Hakka, Hokkien, Wu)
* 戇卵／戆卵 (Northern Wu, vulgar)
* 戇呆／戆呆 (Hokkien)
* 戇囝／戆囝 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 戇大／戆大 (Wu)
* 戇大呆／戆大呆 (Hokkien)
* 戇大豬／戆大猪 (Hokkien)
* 戇猴／戆猴 (Hokkien)
* 戇鳩／戆鸠 (ngong$^6$ gau$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 木大 (Wu)
* 痴子 (chīzi) (regional)
* 白痴 (báichī)
* 笨人 (bènrén)
* 笨蛋 (bèndàn)
* 笨貨／笨货 (bènhuò)
* 老襯／老衬 (lou$^5$ can$^3$) (Cantonese)
* 蠢人 (chǔnrén)
* 蠢材 (chǔncái)
* 蠢蛋
* 豆渣腦殼／豆渣脑壳 (dou$^4$ za$^1$ nao$^3$ ko$^2$) (Sichuanese)
* 錘哥／锤哥 (Hokkien)
* 闇雞／𬮴鸡 (Hokkien)
* 鵝牯／鹅牯 (Hakka)

#### Derived terms

* 愚人節／愚人节 (Yúrénjié)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 愚 | 人 |
| ぐ Grade: S | じん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |
Kanji in this term :
| 愚 | 人 |
| ぐ Grade: S | にん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | goon |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぐじん [gùjíń] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) ぐじん [gúꜜjìǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɡɯ̟ʑĩɴ]
* (Tokyo) ぐにん [gùníń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡɯ̟ɲ̟ĩɴ]

### Noun

愚(ぐ)人(じん) or 愚(ぐ)人(にん) • (gujin or gunin)
* idiot
    Synonyms: 愚か者 (orokamono), 愚者 (gusha)

#### Idioms

* 愚(ぐ)人(にん)は夏(なつ)の虫(むし) (gunin wa natsu no mushi)

### References

* 1 2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 愚 | 人 |

### Noun

愚人 • (u'in) (hangeul 우인)
* hanja form of 우인 (“idiot”)