# 重力
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhònglì
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cung$^5$ lik$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiǒng-lia̍k / tiōng-le̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhònglì
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhònglì
*** Wade–Giles: chung$^4$-li$^4$
*** Yale: jùng-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jonqlih
*** Palladius: чжунли (čžunli)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$重利 重力
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cung$^5$ lik$^6$
*** Yale: chúhng lihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsung$^5$ lik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cung$^5$ lig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ¹³ lɪk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǒng-lia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tiǒng-lia̍k
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ²² liak̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiōng-le̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tiōng-li̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dioxnglek
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ liɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ liɪk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ liɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

### Noun

重力
* earth's gravity
* (by extension) gravity (of other celestial bodies)

#### Derived terms

* 微重力 (wēizhònglì)
* 無重力／无重力 (wúzhònglì)
* 重力微子 (zhònglìwēizǐ)
* 重力波 (zhònglìbō)
* 重力相互作用 (zhònglì xiānghù zuòyòng)

#### See also

* 地心引力 (dìxīn yǐnlì)
* 引力 (yǐnlì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 重 | 力 |
| じゅう Grade: 3 | りょく Grade: 1 |
| goon | kan'on |

### Etymology

Initially from Middle Chinese 重力 (MC drjowngX lik, literally “considerable; heavy + force, power”).
The gravity sense was a repurposing of the older term (the considerable strength sense) as a calque of Dutch zwaartekracht to translate Dutch works as part of Rangaku studies.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じゅうりょく [júꜜùryòkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [d͡ʑɨːɾʲo̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

重(じゅう)力(りょく) • (jūryoku)
* (physics) gravity, gravitational force
    Synonym: (attraction, attractive force) 引力 (inryoku)
** 2003 April 10, Kozue Amano, “Navigation08 星(ほし)の謳(うた)声(ごえ) [Navigation08 Chorus of the Planet]”, in ARIA(アリア) [ARIA], volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Mag Garden, →ISBN:
    そう　確(たしか)月(つき)の重(じゅう)力(りょく)は地球(マンホーム)の⅙だったわよね　火星(アクア)の重(じゅう)力(りょく)は本(ほん)当(とう)は地球(マンホーム)の約⅓(やく⅓)の
       Sō tashika Tsuki no jūryoku wa Manhōmu no roku-bun no ichi datta wa yo ne Akua no jūryoku wa hontō wa Manhōmu no yaku san-bun no ichi
       So, if my memory serves, the Moon’s gravity is about ⅙ of Manhome’s. Aqua’s gravity, on the other hand, is roughly ⅓ of Manhome’s.
** 2006 April 9, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)ピリオド [Armed Alchemy: The End]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 10, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
    こちらからも出(で)迎(むか)えに行(い)かねばだが　今(いま)の状(じょう)態(たい)ではその槍(やり)でこの星(ほし)の重(じゅう)力(りょく)を突(つ)き破(やぶ)るのも不(ふ)可(か)能(のう)　そこでこれを使(つか)う　大戦斧(グレートアックス)の武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)フェイタルアトラクション！特(とく)性(せい)は〝重(じゅう)力(りょく)操(そう)作(さ)〟‼これでこの星(ほし)の重(じゅう)力(りょく)の一(いち)部(ぶ)を反(はん)転(てん)させてお前(まえ)を宇(う)宙(ちゅう)へ打(う)ち上(あ)げる
       Kochira kara mo demukae ni ikaneba da ga ima no jōtai de wa sono yari de kono hoshi no jūryoku o tsukiyaburu no mo fukanō Soko de kore o tsukau Gurēto Akkusu no Busō Renkin Feitaru Atorakushon! Tokusei wa〝Jūryoku Sōsa〟‼ Kore de kono hoshi no jūryoku no ichibu o hanten sasete o-mae o uchū e uchiageru
       You’ll have to get to them yourself. You won’t be able to escape the Moon’s gravity with this lance in your current condition, though. So we’ll use this. Great-Axe Armed Alchemy: Fatal Attraction! Special Ability: Gravity Control‼ With this, I can counteract part of the Moon’s gravity, enough to launch you into space.
* (rare) considerable strength or power

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 重力 (zhònglì)
* → Korean: 중력 (jungnyeok)
* → Vietnamese: trọng lực

### References

* ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 重 | 力 |

### Noun

重力 • (jungnyeok) (hangeul 중력)
* hanja form of 중력 (“gravity”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 重 | 力 |

### Noun

重力
* chữ Hán form of trọng lực (“gravity, gravitational force”).