# صلب
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

Also Aramaic / Hebrew צָלַב (ṣāláḇ), Ge'ez ጸለበ (ṣäläbä), but mostly within Arabic a denominal verb of صَلِيب (ṣalīb, “cross”), plausibly also interpreted after the native صَلَّبَ (ṣallaba, “to prop up, to support”).

#### Verb

صَلَبَ • (ṣalaba) I (non-past يَصْلُبُ (yaṣlubu) or يَصْلِبُ (yaṣlibu), verbal noun صَلْب (ṣalb))
* to crucify
* to barbecue
* to enkindle, to set on fire, to ignite

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Verb

صَلَّبَ • (ṣallaba) II (non-past يُصَلِّبُ (yuṣallibu), verbal noun تَصْلِيب (taṣlīb))
* to crucify
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 7:124:لَأُقَطِّعَنَّ أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُم مِّنْ خِلَافٍ ثُمَّ لَأُصَلِّبَنَّكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَlaʔuqaṭṭiʕanna ʔaydiyakum waʔarjulakum min ḵilāfin ṯumma laʔuṣallibannakum ʔajmaʕīna(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to make crossed, to cross
* (Christianity) to cross oneself, to make the sign of the cross

##### Descendants

* Maltese: sallab

### Etymology 1.3

Derived from the verbal noun of صَلَبَ (ṣalaba).

#### Pronunciation

* Audio; “صلب” (ṣalb):(file)

#### Noun

صَلْب • (ṣalb) m
* (uncountable) crucifixion

##### Declension
### Etymology 2.1

* Root
* ص ل ب (ṣ l b)
* 8 terms

#### Verb

صَلُبَ • (ṣaluba) I (non-past يَصْلُبُ (yaṣlubu), verbal noun صَلَابَة (ṣalāba))
* to be or become rigid, to be or become solid, to be or become stiff, to be or become unyielding, to be or become sturdy

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.2
#### Verb

صَلَّبَ • (ṣallaba) II (non-past يُصَلِّبُ (yuṣallibu), verbal noun تَصْلِيب (taṣlīb))
* to stiffen, to harden, to make sturdy, to render tough
* to support, to prop

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.3
#### Pronunciation

IPA: /sˤulb/

#### Adjective

صُلْب • (ṣulb) (feminine صُلْبَة (ṣulba), common plural أَصْلَاب (ʔaṣlāb) or أَصْلُب (ʔaṣlub) or صِلَبَة (ṣilaba), feminine plural صُلْبَات (ṣulbāt), elative أَصْلَب (ʔaṣlab))
* firm, stiff, solid
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 29, Art. 15, pages 386–387:وَٱلشَّكْوَسُ قَالَ أَبُو ٱلْخَيْرِ وَغَيْرِهِ هُوَ ٱلْوَرْدُ ٱلْفَحْصِيُّ وَقِيلَ ٱلْبَرِيُّ وَهُوَ نَوْعَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا يُسَمَّى بِٱلْعَجَمِيَّةِ ٱلرَّحْبَلُ وَرَقُهُ فِي قَدْرِ وَرَقِ ٱلزَّيْتُونِ وَأَطْوَلُ وَأَعْرَضُ أََغْبَرُ أَحْرَشُ وَأَغْصَانُهُ خَشِنَةٌ صُلْبَةٌ إِلَى ٱلْبَيَاضِ مَا هِيَ تَطْلَعُ فِي زَمَنِ ٱلرَّبِيعِ نُوْرُهُ كَٱلْوَرْدِ حَمْرَاءُ فَائِتَةٌ وَفِي وَسَطِهَا صُفْرَةٌ وَهَذَا هُوَ ٱلْمُسَمَّى ٱلْوَرْدُ ٱلْفَحْصِيُّ وَيُقَالُ إِنَّ ٱلْوَرْدَ إِنْ رَكِبَ فِيهِ فَيَنْجِبُ وَٱلنَّوْعُ ٱلثَّانِي مِنَ ٱلشَّكْوَسِ وَرَقُهُ أَصْغَرُ مِنْ وَرَقِ ٱلْأَوَّلِ وَأَشَدُّ خُضْرَةً وَهًوَ أَحْرَشُ بَيْنَ ٱلْاِسْتِدَارِ وَٱلطُّولِ وَأَغْصَانِهِ إِلَى ٱلْحَمْرَاءِ مَا هِيَ تَطْلَعُ وَرْدًا أَبْيَضَا نَاصِعَةً فِي وَسَطِهَا وَكِلَاهُمَا لَاحِقٌ بِٱلْأَشْجَارِ.waš-šakwasu qāla ʔabū l-ḵayri waḡayrihi huwa l-wardu l-faḥṣiyyu waqīla l-bariyyu wahuwa nawʕāni ʔaḥaduhumā yusammā bi-l-ʕajamiyyati r-raḥbalu waraquhu fī qadri waraqi z-zaytūni waʔaṭwalu waʔaʕraḍu ʔaaḡbaru ʔaḥrašu waʔaḡṣānuhu ḵašinatun ṣulbatun ʔilā l-bayāḍi mā hiya taṭlaʕu fī zamani r-rabīʕi nuwruhu kal-wardi ḥamrāʔu fāʔitatun wafī wasaṭihā ṣufratun wahaḏā huwa l-musammā l-wardu l-faḥṣiyyu wayuqālu ʔinna l-warda ʔin rakiba fīhi fayanjibu wan-nawʕu ṯ-ṯānī mina š-šakwasi waraquhu ʔaṣḡaru min waraqi l-ʔawwali waʔašaddu ḵuḍratan wahanwa ʔaḥrašu bayna l-istidāri waṭ-ṭūli waʔaḡṣānihi ʔilā l-ḥamrāʔi mā hiya taṭlaʕu wardan ʔabyaḍā nāṣiʕatan fī wasaṭihā wakilāhumā lāḥiqun bi-l-ʔašjāri.And the rockrose, say Abū al-Ḵayr and others, is the field rose, and also the land rose, it is said, and there are two kinds: One is called in Berber raḥbal and its leaves are of the dimensions of the leaves of the olive but longer and wider, more gray and rugged, and its branches are rough, stiff and lean into white, and in spring it blossoms in roses of a red hue you almost miss, and in their mid there is yellow and this is called field rose, and it is said that if a rose is grafted onto it it will prevail. The second kind of rockrose has smaller leaves than the first, of a more intense green, and it is more rugged around and along, and its branches lean into red and spawn white roses, vivid in the middle. And both liaise with trees.

##### Declension
### Etymology 2.4
#### Adjective

صُلَّب • (ṣullab)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 2.5
#### Noun

صُلْب • (ṣulb) m (plural أَصْلُب (ʔaṣlub) or أَصْلَاب (ʔaṣlāb))
* backbone, the bone extending from the base of the neck to the coccyx
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 86:5-7:فَلْيَنْظُرِ ٱلْإِنْسَانُ مِمَّ خُلِقَ خُلِقَ مِنْ مَاءٍ دَافِقٍ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ بَيْنِ ٱلصُّلْبِ وَٱلتَّرَائِبِfalyanẓuri l-ʔinsānu mimma ḵuliqa ḵuliqa min māʔin dāfiqin yaḵruju min bayni ṣ-ṣulbi wat-tarāʔibiSo let man look around: what is it that he was made of? / He was made out of out-flowing water. / From between the spine and the breastbone, it gushes out.
* loins
* steel

##### Declension
### Etymology 2.6
#### Noun

صُلُب • (ṣulub) pl
* plural of صَلِيب (ṣalīb, “hard, solid”)

### References

* “ṣlb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “ṣalāpu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, volume 15, S, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1984, page 71
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “صلب”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 840–841
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 276
* Freytag, Georg (1833) “صلب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 510–511
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “صلب”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1711–1713
* Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 197
* Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 35
* Vollers, Karl (1896) “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 50, page 614
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “صلب”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 721

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ص ل ب
* 2 terms

### Etymology

From Arabic صَلَّبَ (ṣallaba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤal.lab/, [ˈsˤɑl.lɑb]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Verb

صلّب • (ṣallab) II (present بصلّب (biṣalleb))
* to crucify

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of صلّب (ṣallab) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | صلّبت (ṣallabt) | صلّبت (ṣallabt) | صلّب (ṣallab) | صلّبنا (ṣallabna) | صلّبتو (ṣallabtu) | صلّبو (ṣallabu) |
| past | f | صلّبت (ṣallabt) | صلّبتي (ṣallabti) | صلّبت (ṣallabat) | صلّبنا (ṣallabna) | صلّبتو (ṣallabtu) | صلّبو (ṣallabu) |
| present | m | بصلّب (baṣalleb) | بتصلّب (bitṣalleb) | بصلّب (biṣalleb) | منصلّب (minṣalleb) | بتصلّبو (bitṣallbu) | بصلّبو (biṣallbu) |
| present | f | بصلّب (baṣalleb) | بتصلّبي (bitṣallbi) | بتصلّب (bitṣalleb) | منصلّب (minṣalleb) | بتصلّبو (bitṣallbu) | بصلّبو (biṣallbu) |
| subjunctive | m | اصلّب (aṣalleb) | تصلّب (tṣalleb) | يصلّب (yṣalleb) | نصلّب (nṣalleb) | تصلّبو (tṣallbu) | يصلّبو (yṣallbu) |
| subjunctive | f | اصلّب (aṣalleb) | تصلّبي (tṣallbi) | تصلّب (tṣalleb) | نصلّب (nṣalleb) | تصلّبو (tṣallbu) | يصلّبو (yṣallbu) |
| imperative | m | | صلّب (ṣalleb) | | | صلّبو (ṣallbu) | |
| imperative | f | | صلّبي (ṣallbi) | | | صلّبو (ṣallbu) | |