# над
## Belarusian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nat]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -at
* Hyphenation: над

### Preposition

над • (nad)
* above, over (indicates the location, presence of someone or something on top of someone or something) [with instrumental]
    Я не мог знайсці свае ключы, таму што маё паліто было над імі.Ja nje moh znajsci svaje ključy, tamu što majó palitó byló nad imi.I couldn't find my keys because my coat was over them.
* (obsolete) than (used to name the object of comparison) [with accusative]
    Над яе няма прыгажэйшай.Nad jaje njama pryhažejšaj.There is no one more beautiful than her.

### References

* “над”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
* “над” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *nadъ. Equivalent to на (na, “on”) +‎ -д (-d).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nat]

### Preposition

над • (nad)
* above, over

### Anagrams

* дан (dan), над- (nad-)

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nat]

### Preposition

над • (nad)
* above, over
    Галеби летаат над морето. ― Galebi letaat nad moreto. ― Seagulls are flying above the sea.

## Mongolian

| Mongolian | Cyrillic |
| ᠨᠠᠳᠠ (nada) | над (nad) |

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nät]
* Hyphenation: над

### Pronoun

над • (nad)
* the oblique form of би (bi, “I”)

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* надъ (nad) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nət]
* IPA: [nɐt] (before a stressed syllable)
   * Audio:(file)
* IPA: [ˈnat] (when stressed)
* Note: The final [t] becomes a [d] before the voiced consonants б (b), г (g), д (d), ж (ž) and з (z).
   * Audio:(file)

### Preposition

над • (nad) [with instrumental]
* above, over

#### Usage notes

Before words beginning with certain consonant clusters such as мн- (mn-), вс- (vs-), and сн- (sn-), the variant form надо (nado) is used.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadъ. Compare на (“on, onto”), над-, нат-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nâd/

### Preposition

на̏д (Latin spelling nȁd)
* over, above (with no change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ) [with instrumental]
    Synonym: и̏знад
    Antonym: по̏д
    над столом ― over the table
    власт над неким ― power over somebody
    херој над херојима ― the greatest of all heroes
* over, above (usually with change of position, answering the question kùda) [with accusative]
    Synonym: и̏знад
    Antonym: по̏д
    Нагнуо се над воду. ― He leaned over the water.

### References

* “над” in Hrvatski jezični portal

## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* на́ді (nádi), на́до (nádo) — before awkward consonant clusters

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *nadъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nad]
* Audio:(file)

### Preposition

над • (nad)
* above, over (+ instrumental case)
    Над на́ми со́нце. ― Nad námy sónce. ― The sun is above us.
    перева́га над ки́мось/кимсь ― pereváha nad kýmosʹ/kymsʹ ― an advantage over someone
* (+ accusative case)
** (rare) over (expression motion towards)
    іти́ над го́ру ― itý nad hóru ― to go over a mountain
** more than, like (used when increasing the higher measure, the degree of comparison, etc.)
    Люблю́ їх над усе́! ― Ljubljú jix nad usé! ― I love them more than anything!
    Synonym: по́над (pónad)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “над”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “над”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)