# ferme
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɛʁm/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French ferme, from Old French ferm, ferme (“solid”), from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”), from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”).

#### Adjective

ferme (plural fermes)
* firm
    Synonyms: dur, décidé

##### Derived terms

* de pied ferme
* terre ferme

#### Noun

ferme f (plural fermes)
* (carpentry) roof truss

#### Verb

ferme
* inflection of fermer:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle French ferme (“farm, farm buildings”), from Old French ferme (“lease for working, rent, farm”), from Medieval Latin ferma, firma (“rent, tax, tribute, farm”). There is debate as to whether Medieval Latin acquires this term from Old English feorm (“rent, provision, supplies, feast”), from Proto-Germanic *fermō, *firhuma- (“means of living, subsistence”), from Proto-Germanic *ferhwō (“life force, body, being”), from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“life, force, strength, tree”), or from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”), from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). If the former etymology is correct, the term is related to Old English feorh (“life, spirit”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus, “the world”). Compare also Old English feormehām (“farm”), feormere (“purveyor”).

#### Noun

ferme f (plural fermes)
* farm

##### Derived terms

* fermage
* ferme piscicole
* fermette
* fermier

##### Descendants

* → Romanian: fermă

### Further reading

* “ferme”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfer.me/
* Rhymes: -erme
* Hyphenation: fér‧me

### Adjective

ferme f pl
* feminine plural of fermo

### Noun

ferme f pl
* plural of ferma

### Anagrams

* Efrem, freme, fremé

## Latin
### Etymology

From *ferimē, earlier superlative of ferē, from Proto-Italic *feramos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Cognates include firmus.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfer.meː/, [ˈfɛrmeː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfer.me/, [ˈfɛrme]

### Adverb

fermē (not comparable)
* Closely, quite, entirely, fully, altogether, just.
    Synonyms: prope, paene, ferē, iū̆xtā
* In general, generally, usually, commonly, for most of the time.

### References

* “ferme”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ferme”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ferme in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Medieval Latin ferma, Old French ferme, and their etymon Old English feorm, from Proto-West Germanic *fermu, from Proto-Germanic *fermō.

#### Alternative forms

* farme, ferm, fyrme (Late Middle English)
* feorme, veorme (Early Middle English)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɛrm(ə)/, /ˈfarm(ə)/

#### Noun

ferme (plural fermes)
* A lease; the renting of land.
* Leased or rented land.
* A set yearly rent payment.
* A set yearly payment for a privilege.
* (by extension) A tax mandated by the realm.
* (chiefly Early Middle English) A feast or meal.

##### Related terms

* fermen
* fermour

##### Descendants

* English: farm
** → Dutch: farm
** → Finnish: farmi
** → German: Farm
** → Portuguese: farme, farma
** → Yiddish: פֿאַרם (farm)
** → Spanish: farmear
** → Thai: ฟาร์ม (faam)
* Scots: ferm
* → Welsh: fferm

##### References

* “ferme, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* “ferme, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2

From Old French ferm, ferme, from Latin firmus, from Proto-Italic *fermos.

#### Alternative forms

* ferm

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɛrm(ə)/

#### Adjective

ferme (plural and weak singular ferme)
* firm, steady (of objects)
* steady, enduring (of people, agreements, etc.)

##### Related terms

* fermely
* fermen

##### Descendants

* English: firm (remodelled after Latin)
** → Cantonese: firm
* Scots: firm (remodelled after Latin)

##### References

* “ferm, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

#### Adverb

ferme
* firmly, steadily

##### Descendants

* English: firm (remodelled after Latin)
* Scots: firm (remodelled after Latin)

##### References

* “ferm(e, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

ferme
* Alternative form of fermen (“to clean”)

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

ferme
* Alternative form of fermen (“to lease”)

### Etymology 5
#### Verb

ferme
* Alternative form of fermen (“to firm”)

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French ferm, ferme (“solid”), from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”).

### Adjective

ferme m or f (plural fermes)
* firm

#### Descendants

* French: ferme

## Old French
### Etymology

From Medieval Latin ferma, firma (“rent, tax, tribute, farm”), from Old English feorm (“rent, provision, supplies, feast”), from Proto-Germanic *firmō, *fermō (“means of living, subsistence”), from *firhu- (“life force, body, being”), from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“life, force, strength, tree”).

### Noun

ferme oblique singular, f (oblique plural fermes, nominative singular ferme, nominative plural fermes)
* lease (letting agreement)
* the land leased
* farm

#### Descendants

* Middle French: ferme
** French: ferme
*** → Romanian: fermă
* → Middle English: ferme, farme, ferm, fyrme (Late Middle English), feorme, veorme (Early Middle English) (in part)
** English: farm
*** → Dutch: farm
*** → Finnish: farmi
*** → German: Farm
*** → Portuguese: farme, farma
*** → Yiddish: פֿאַרם (farm)
*** → Spanish: farmear
*** → Thai: ฟาร์ม (faam)
** Scots: ferm
** → Welsh: fferm

### Adjective

ferme f
* oblique and nominative singular feminine of ferm

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈferme]

### Noun

ferme f
* inflection of fermă:
** indefinite plural
** indefinite genitive/dative singular