# cambalala
## Tsonga
### Verb

cambalala
* to scatter (of a flock)

## Xhosa
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dàmbadada (“sprawl”), a double extensive derivation of Proto-Bantu *-dàmba (“sprawl”).

### Verb

-cámbálala
* (intransitive) to lie on the stomach

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dàmbadada (“sprawl”), a double extensive derivation of Proto-Bantu *-dàmba (“sprawl”).

### Verb

-cambalála
* (intransitive) to lie down, to recline

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukucambalala |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukucambalala | ukungacambalali |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | cambalala | -cambalale |
| Plural | cambalalani | -cambalaleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyacambalala, ngicambalala | engicambalalayo, engicambalala | ngicambalala | angicambalali | engingacambalali | ngingacambalali |
| 2nd singular | uyacambalala, ucambalala | ocambalalayo, ocambalala | ucambalala | awucambalali | ongacambalali | ungacambalali |
| 1st plural | siyacambalala, sicambalala | esicambalalayo, esicambalala | sicambalala | asicambalali | esingacambalali | singacambalali |
| 2nd plural | niyacambalala, nicambalala | enicambalalayo, enicambalala | nicambalala | anicambalali | eningacambalali | ningacambalali |
| Class 1 | uyacambalala, ucambalala | ocambalalayo, ocambalala | ecambalala | akacambalali | ongacambalali | engacambalali |
| Class 2 | bayacambalala, bacambalala | abacambalalayo, abacambalala | becambalala | abacambalali | abangacambalali | bengacambalali |
| Class 3 | uyacambalala, ucambalala | ocambalalayo, ocambalala | ucambalala | awucambalali | ongacambalali | ungacambalali |
| Class 4 | iyacambalala, icambalala | ecambalalayo, ecambalala | icambalala | ayicambalali | engacambalali | ingacambalali |
| Class 5 | liyacambalala, licambalala | elicambalalayo, elicambalala | licambalala | alicambalali | elingacambalali | lingacambalali |
| Class 6 | ayacambalala, acambalala | acambalalayo, acambalala | ecambalala | awacambalali | angacambalali | engacambalali |
| Class 7 | siyacambalala, sicambalala | esicambalalayo, esicambalala | sicambalala | asicambalali | esingacambalali | singacambalali |
| Class 8 | ziyacambalala, zicambalala | ezicambalalayo, ezicambalala | zicambalala | azicambalali | ezingacambalali | zingacambalali |
| Class 9 | iyacambalala, icambalala | ecambalalayo, ecambalala | icambalala | ayicambalali | engacambalali | ingacambalali |
| Class 10 | ziyacambalala, zicambalala | ezicambalalayo, ezicambalala | zicambalala | azicambalali | ezingacambalali | zingacambalali |
| Class 11 | luyacambalala, lucambalala | olucambalalayo, olucambalala | lucambalala | alucambalali | olungacambalali | lungacambalali |
| Class 14 | buyacambalala, bucambalala | obucambalalayo, obucambalala | bucambalala | abucambalali | obungacambalali | bungacambalali |
| Class 15 | kuyacambalala, kucambalala | okucambalalayo, okucambalala | kucambalala | akucambalali | okungacambalali | kungacambalali |
| Class 17 | kuyacambalala, kucambalala | okucambalalayo, okucambalala | kucambalala | akucambalali | okungacambalali | kungacambalali |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngicambalalile, ngicambalalē | engicambalalile, engicambalalē | ngicambalalile, ngicambalalē | angicambalalanga | engingacambalalanga | ngingacambalalanga |
| 2nd singular | ucambalalile, ucambalalē | ocambalalile, ocambalalē | ucambalalile, ucambalalē | awucambalalanga | ongacambalalanga | ungacambalalanga |
| 1st plural | sicambalalile, sicambalalē | esicambalalile, esicambalalē | sicambalalile, sicambalalē | asicambalalanga | esingacambalalanga | singacambalalanga |
| 2nd plural | nicambalalile, nicambalalē | enicambalalile, enicambalalē | nicambalalile, nicambalalē | anicambalalanga | eningacambalalanga | ningacambalalanga |
| Class 1 | ucambalalile, ucambalalē | ocambalalile, ocambalalē | ecambalalile, ecambalalē | akacambalalanga | ongacambalalanga | engacambalalanga |
| Class 2 | bacambalalile, bacambalalē | abacambalalile, abacambalalē | becambalalile, becambalalē | abacambalalanga | abangacambalalanga | bengacambalalanga |
| Class 3 | ucambalalile, ucambalalē | ocambalalile, ocambalalē | ucambalalile, ucambalalē | awucambalalanga | ongacambalalanga | ungacambalalanga |
| Class 4 | icambalalile, icambalalē | ecambalalile, ecambalalē | icambalalile, icambalalē | ayicambalalanga | engacambalalanga | ingacambalalanga |
| Class 5 | licambalalile, licambalalē | elicambalalile, elicambalalē | licambalalile, licambalalē | alicambalalanga | elingacambalalanga | lingacambalalanga |
| Class 6 | acambalalile, acambalalē | acambalalile, acambalalē | ecambalalile, ecambalalē | awacambalalanga | angacambalalanga | engacambalalanga |
| Class 7 | sicambalalile, sicambalalē | esicambalalile, esicambalalē | sicambalalile, sicambalalē | asicambalalanga | esingacambalalanga | singacambalalanga |
| Class 8 | zicambalalile, zicambalalē | ezicambalalile, ezicambalalē | zicambalalile, zicambalalē | azicambalalanga | ezingacambalalanga | zingacambalalanga |
| Class 9 | icambalalile, icambalalē | ecambalalile, ecambalalē | icambalalile, icambalalē | ayicambalalanga | engacambalalanga | ingacambalalanga |
| Class 10 | zicambalalile, zicambalalē | ezicambalalile, ezicambalalē | zicambalalile, zicambalalē | azicambalalanga | ezingacambalalanga | zingacambalalanga |
| Class 11 | lucambalalile, lucambalalē | olucambalalile, olucambalalē | lucambalalile, lucambalalē | alucambalalanga | olungacambalalanga | lungacambalalanga |
| Class 14 | bucambalalile, bucambalalē | obucambalalile, obucambalalē | bucambalalile, bucambalalē | abucambalalanga | obungacambalalanga | bungacambalalanga |
| Class 15 | kucambalalile, kucambalalē | okucambalalile, okucambalalē | kucambalalile, kucambalalē | akucambalalanga | okungacambalalanga | kungacambalalanga |
| Class 17 | kucambalalile, kucambalalē | okucambalalile, okucambalalē | kucambalalile, kucambalalē | akucambalalanga | okungacambalalanga | kungacambalalanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngācambalala | engācambalala | ngācambalala | angicambalalanga | engingacambalalanga | ngingacambalalanga |
| 2nd singular | wācambalala | owācambalala | wācambalala | awucambalalanga | ongacambalalanga | ungacambalalanga |
| 1st plural | sācambalala | esācambalala | sācambalala | asicambalalanga | esingacambalalanga | singacambalalanga |
| 2nd plural | nācambalala | enācambalala | nācambalala | anicambalalanga | eningacambalalanga | ningacambalalanga |
| Class 1 | wācambalala | owācambalala | ācambalala | akacambalalanga | ongacambalalanga | engacambalalanga |
| Class 2 | bācambalala | abācambalala | bācambalala | abacambalalanga | abangacambalalanga | bengacambalalanga |
| Class 3 | wācambalala | owācambalala | wācambalala | awucambalalanga | ongacambalalanga | ungacambalalanga |
| Class 4 | yācambalala | eyācambalala | yācambalala | ayicambalalanga | engacambalalanga | ingacambalalanga |
| Class 5 | lācambalala | elācambalala | lācambalala | alicambalalanga | elingacambalalanga | lingacambalalanga |
| Class 6 | ācambalala | ācambalala | ācambalala | awacambalalanga | angacambalalanga | engacambalalanga |
| Class 7 | sācambalala | esācambalala | sācambalala | asicambalalanga | esingacambalalanga | singacambalalanga |
| Class 8 | zācambalala | ezācambalala | zācambalala | azicambalalanga | ezingacambalalanga | zingacambalalanga |
| Class 9 | yācambalala | eyācambalala | yācambalala | ayicambalalanga | engacambalalanga | ingacambalalanga |
| Class 10 | zācambalala | ezācambalala | zācambalala | azicambalalanga | ezingacambalalanga | zingacambalalanga |
| Class 11 | lwācambalala | olwācambalala | lwācambalala | alucambalalanga | olungacambalalanga | lungacambalalanga |
| Class 14 | bācambalala | obācambalala | bācambalala | abucambalalanga | obungacambalalanga | bungacambalalanga |
| Class 15 | kwācambalala | okwācambalala | kwācambalala | akucambalalanga | okungacambalalanga | kungacambalalanga |
| Class 17 | kwācambalala | okwācambalala | kwācambalala | akucambalalanga | okungacambalalanga | kungacambalalanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingacambalala | — | ngingacambalala | ngingecambalale | — | ngingecambalale |
| 2nd singular | ungacambalala | — | ungacambalala | ungecambalale | — | ungecambalale |
| 1st plural | singacambalala | — | singacambalala | singecambalale | — | singecambalale |
| 2nd plural | ningacambalala | — | ningacambalala | ningecambalale | — | ningecambalale |
| Class 1 | angacambalala | — | engacambalala | angecambalale | — | engecambalale |
| Class 2 | bangacambalala | — | bengacambalala | bangecambalale | — | bengecambalale |
| Class 3 | ungacambalala | — | ungacambalala | ungecambalale | — | ungecambalale |
| Class 4 | ingacambalala | — | ingacambalala | ingecambalale | — | ingecambalale |
| Class 5 | lingacambalala | — | lingacambalala | lingecambalale | — | lingecambalale |
| Class 6 | angacambalala | — | engacambalala | angecambalale | — | engecambalale |
| Class 7 | singacambalala | — | singacambalala | singecambalale | — | singecambalale |
| Class 8 | zingacambalala | — | zingacambalala | zingecambalale | — | zingecambalale |
| Class 9 | ingacambalala | — | ingacambalala | ingecambalale | — | ingecambalale |
| Class 10 | zingacambalala | — | zingacambalala | zingecambalale | — | zingecambalale |
| Class 11 | lungacambalala | — | lungacambalala | lungecambalale | — | lungecambalale |
| Class 14 | bungacambalala | — | bungacambalala | bungecambalale | — | bungecambalale |
| Class 15 | kungacambalala | — | kungacambalala | kungecambalale | — | kungecambalale |
| Class 17 | kungacambalala | — | kungacambalala | kungecambalale | — | kungecambalale |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizocambalala | engizocambalala | ngizocambalala | angizucambalala | engingezucambalala | ngingezucambalala |
| 2nd singular | uzocambalala | ozocambalala | uzocambalala | awuzucambalala | ongezucambalala | ungezucambalala |
| 1st plural | sizocambalala | esizocambalala | sizocambalala | asizucambalala | esingezucambalala | singezucambalala |
| 2nd plural | nizocambalala | enizocambalala | nizocambalala | anizucambalala | eningezucambalala | ningezucambalala |
| Class 1 | uzocambalala | ozocambalala | ezocambalala | akazucambalala | ongezucambalala | engezucambalala |
| Class 2 | bazocambalala | abazocambalala | bezocambalala | abazucambalala | abangezucambalala | bengezucambalala |
| Class 3 | uzocambalala | ozocambalala | uzocambalala | awuzucambalala | ongezucambalala | ungezucambalala |
| Class 4 | izocambalala | ezocambalala | izocambalala | ayizucambalala | engezucambalala | ingezucambalala |
| Class 5 | lizocambalala | elizocambalala | lizocambalala | alizucambalala | elingezucambalala | lingezucambalala |
| Class 6 | azocambalala | azocambalala | ezocambalala | awazucambalala | angezucambalala | engezucambalala |
| Class 7 | sizocambalala | esizocambalala | sizocambalala | asizucambalala | esingezucambalala | singezucambalala |
| Class 8 | zizocambalala | ezizocambalala | zizocambalala | azizucambalala | ezingezucambalala | zingezucambalala |
| Class 9 | izocambalala | ezocambalala | izocambalala | ayizucambalala | engezucambalala | ingezucambalala |
| Class 10 | zizocambalala | ezizocambalala | zizocambalala | azizucambalala | ezingezucambalala | zingezucambalala |
| Class 11 | luzocambalala | oluzocambalala | luzocambalala | aluzucambalala | olungezucambalala | lungezucambalala |
| Class 14 | buzocambalala | obuzocambalala | buzocambalala | abuzucambalala | obungezucambalala | bungezucambalala |
| Class 15 | kuzocambalala | okuzocambalala | kuzocambalala | akuzucambalala | okungezucambalala | kungezucambalala |
| Class 17 | kuzocambalala | okuzocambalala | kuzocambalala | akuzucambalala | okungezucambalala | kungezucambalala |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyocambalala | engiyocambalala | ngiyocambalala | angiyucambalala | engingeyucambalala | ngingeyucambalala |
| 2nd singular | uyocambalala | oyocambalala | uyocambalala | awuyucambalala | ongeyucambalala | ungeyucambalala |
| 1st plural | siyocambalala | esiyocambalala | siyocambalala | asiyucambalala | esingeyucambalala | singeyucambalala |
| 2nd plural | niyocambalala | eniyocambalala | niyocambalala | aniyucambalala | eningeyucambalala | ningeyucambalala |
| Class 1 | uyocambalala | oyocambalala | eyocambalala | akayucambalala | ongeyucambalala | engeyucambalala |
| Class 2 | bayocambalala | abayocambalala | beyocambalala | abayucambalala | abangeyucambalala | bengeyucambalala |
| Class 3 | uyocambalala | oyocambalala | uyocambalala | awuyucambalala | ongeyucambalala | ungeyucambalala |
| Class 4 | iyocambalala | eyocambalala | iyocambalala | ayiyucambalala | engeyucambalala | ingeyucambalala |
| Class 5 | liyocambalala | eliyocambalala | liyocambalala | aliyucambalala | elingeyucambalala | lingeyucambalala |
| Class 6 | ayocambalala | ayocambalala | eyocambalala | awayucambalala | angeyucambalala | engeyucambalala |
| Class 7 | siyocambalala | esiyocambalala | siyocambalala | asiyucambalala | esingeyucambalala | singeyucambalala |
| Class 8 | ziyocambalala | eziyocambalala | ziyocambalala | aziyucambalala | ezingeyucambalala | zingeyucambalala |
| Class 9 | iyocambalala | eyocambalala | iyocambalala | ayiyucambalala | engeyucambalala | ingeyucambalala |
| Class 10 | ziyocambalala | eziyocambalala | ziyocambalala | aziyucambalala | ezingeyucambalala | zingeyucambalala |
| Class 11 | luyocambalala | oluyocambalala | luyocambalala | aluyucambalala | olungeyucambalala | lungeyucambalala |
| Class 14 | buyocambalala | obuyocambalala | buyocambalala | abuyucambalala | obungeyucambalala | bungeyucambalala |
| Class 15 | kuyocambalala | okuyocambalala | kuyocambalala | akuyucambalala | okungeyucambalala | kungeyucambalala |
| Class 17 | kuyocambalala | okuyocambalala | kuyocambalala | akuyucambalala | okungeyucambalala | kungeyucambalala |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngicambalale | ngingacambalali |
| 2nd singular | ucambalale | ungacambalali |
| 1st plural | sicambalale | singacambalali |
| 2nd plural | nicambalale | ningacambalali |
| Class 1 | acambalale | angacambalali |
| Class 2 | bacambalale | bangacambalali |
| Class 3 | ucambalale | ungacambalali |
| Class 4 | icambalale | ingacambalali |
| Class 5 | licambalale | lingacambalali |
| Class 6 | acambalale | angacambalali |
| Class 7 | sicambalale | singacambalali |
| Class 8 | zicambalale | zingacambalali |
| Class 9 | icambalale | ingacambalali |
| Class 10 | zicambalale | zingacambalali |
| Class 11 | lucambalale | lungacambalali |
| Class 14 | bucambalale | bungacambalali |
| Class 15 | kucambalale | kungacambalali |
| Class 17 | kucambalale | kungacambalali |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngacambalala | ngangacambalala, angacambalala, angangacambalala |
| 2nd singular | wacambalala | wangacambalala, awacambalala, awangacambalala |
| 1st plural | sacambalala | sangacambalala, asacambalala, asangacambalala |
| 2nd plural | nacambalala | nangacambalala, anacambalala, anangacambalala |
| Class 1 | wacambalala | wangacambalala, akacambalala, akangacambalala |
| Class 2 | bacambalala | bangacambalala, abacambalala, abangacambalala |
| Class 3 | wacambalala | wangacambalala, awacambalala, awangacambalala |
| Class 4 | yacambalala | yangacambalala, ayacambalala, ayangacambalala |
| Class 5 | lacambalala | langacambalala, alacambalala, alangacambalala |
| Class 6 | acambalala | angacambalala, awacambalala, awangacambalala |
| Class 7 | sacambalala | sangacambalala, asacambalala, asangacambalala |
| Class 8 | zacambalala | zangacambalala, azacambalala, azangacambalala |
| Class 9 | yacambalala | yangacambalala, ayacambalala, ayangacambalala |
| Class 10 | zacambalala | zangacambalala, azacambalala, azangacambalala |
| Class 11 | lwacambalala | lwangacambalala, alwacambalala, alwangacambalala |
| Class 14 | bacambalala | bangacambalala, abacambalala, abangacambalala |
| Class 15 | kwacambalala | kwangacambalala, akwacambalala, akwangacambalala |
| Class 17 | kwacambalala | kwangacambalala, akwacambalala, akwangacambalala |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-cambalala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-cambalala (3.3.2.9)”