# पाश
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /pɑːʃ/, [päːʃ]

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian پاشیدن (pāšīdan).

#### Adjective

पाश • (pāś) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling پاش)
* (chiefly in compounds) scattered, broken into pieces

### Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पाश (pā́śa). Doublet of फाँस (phā̃s).

#### Noun

पाश • (pāś) m (Urdu spelling پاش)
* noose
* net, snare, clutches

##### Declension
### Further reading

* Platts, John T. (1884) “पाश”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “पाश”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* পাশ (Assamese script)
* ᬧᬵᬰ (Balinese script)
* পাশ (Bengali script)
* 𑰢𑰯𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀧𑀸𑀰 (Brahmi script)
* ပါၐ (Burmese script)
* પાશ (Gujarati script)
* ਪਾਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌪𑌾𑌶 (Grantha script)
* ꦥꦴꦯ (Javanese script)
* 𑂣𑂰𑂬 (Kaithi script)
* ಪಾಶ (Kannada script)
* បាឝ (Khmer script)
* ປາຨ (Lao script)
* പാശ (Malayalam script)
* ᢒᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘢𑘰𑘫 (Modi script)
* ᢒᠠᢗᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧂𑧑𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐥𑐵𑐱 (Newa script)
* ପାଶ (Odia script)
* ꢦꢵꢯ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆥𑆳𑆯 (Sharada script)
* 𑖢𑖯𑖫 (Siddham script)
* පාශ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩰𑩛𑩿 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚞𑚭𑚧 (Takri script)
* பாஶ (Tamil script)
* పాశ (Telugu script)
* ปาศ (Thai script)
* པཱ་ཤ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒣𑒰𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨞𑨊𑨮 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *paHćás, from Proto-Indo-European *poh₂ḱ-ó-s, from *peh₂ḱ- (“to join, tie, fasten”). Cognate with Middle Persian pštk' (paštag, “bond”), Parthian [script needed] (pštg, “bound, fettered”), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀-𐬞𐬀𐬱𐬁𐬝 (auua-pašāt̰, 3rd person singular subjunctive), Proto-Germanic *fōgijaną (“to join together”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /pɑ́ː.ɕɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈpɑː.ɕɐ/

#### Noun

पाश • (pā́śa) stem, m
* a noose, cord, bond, chain or a fetter; a snare, trap (literally and figuratively)
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.88.7:ध्रुवासु त्वासु क्षितिषु क्षियन्तो व्य् अस्मत् पाशं वरुणो मुमोचत् । अवो वन्वाना अदितेर् उपस्थाद् यूयं पात स्वस्तिभिः सदा नः ॥dhruvāsu tvāsu kṣitiṣu kṣiyanto vy asmat pāśaṃ varuṇo mumocat. avo vanvānā aditer upasthād yūyaṃ pāta svastibhiḥ sadā naḥ.While we abide in these fixed habitations, and from the lap of Aditi win favour, May Varuṇa untie the bond that binds us. Preserve us evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.
** (especially) the noose carried by Shiva, Yama or Varuna
* anything that binds or fetters the soul; the outer world, nature
* selvage, edge, border (of anything woven)

##### Descendants

* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀲 (pāsa)
* Pali: pāsa
* → Tamil: பாசம் (pācam)

### Etymology 2

Sanskritized from Prakrit 𑀧𑀸𑀲 (pāsa, “dice”), from Sanskrit प्रास (prāsa, “throwing, casting”); related to प्रास्यति (prāsyati, “to throw, cast; to lay a wager”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /pɑː.ɕɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈpɑː.ɕɐ/

#### Noun

पाश • (pāśa) stem, m
* a die, dice
    Synonym: प्रास (prāsa)

##### Declension
### Further reading

* Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “pāśa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
* Monier Williams (1899) “पाश”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 623.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pāśa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pā́śa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
* Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*pas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 299
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “pā́śa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 125