# donsa
## Fanagalo
### Etymology

From Zulu -donsa.

### Verb

donsa
* to pull

## Zulu
### Verb

-donsa
* (transitive) to pull
    Antonym: -sunduza

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukudonsa |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukudonsa | ukungadonsi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | donsa | -donse |
| Plural | donsani | -donseni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyadonsa, ngidonsa | engidonsayo, engidonsa | ngidonsa | angidonsi | engingadonsi | ngingadonsi |
| 2nd singular | uyadonsa, udonsa | odonsayo, odonsa | udonsa | awudonsi | ongadonsi | ungadonsi |
| 1st plural | siyadonsa, sidonsa | esidonsayo, esidonsa | sidonsa | asidonsi | esingadonsi | singadonsi |
| 2nd plural | niyadonsa, nidonsa | enidonsayo, enidonsa | nidonsa | anidonsi | eningadonsi | ningadonsi |
| Class 1 | uyadonsa, udonsa | odonsayo, odonsa | edonsa | akadonsi | ongadonsi | engadonsi |
| Class 2 | bayadonsa, badonsa | abadonsayo, abadonsa | bedonsa | abadonsi | abangadonsi | bengadonsi |
| Class 3 | uyadonsa, udonsa | odonsayo, odonsa | udonsa | awudonsi | ongadonsi | ungadonsi |
| Class 4 | iyadonsa, idonsa | edonsayo, edonsa | idonsa | ayidonsi | engadonsi | ingadonsi |
| Class 5 | liyadonsa, lidonsa | elidonsayo, elidonsa | lidonsa | alidonsi | elingadonsi | lingadonsi |
| Class 6 | ayadonsa, adonsa | adonsayo, adonsa | edonsa | awadonsi | angadonsi | engadonsi |
| Class 7 | siyadonsa, sidonsa | esidonsayo, esidonsa | sidonsa | asidonsi | esingadonsi | singadonsi |
| Class 8 | ziyadonsa, zidonsa | ezidonsayo, ezidonsa | zidonsa | azidonsi | ezingadonsi | zingadonsi |
| Class 9 | iyadonsa, idonsa | edonsayo, edonsa | idonsa | ayidonsi | engadonsi | ingadonsi |
| Class 10 | ziyadonsa, zidonsa | ezidonsayo, ezidonsa | zidonsa | azidonsi | ezingadonsi | zingadonsi |
| Class 11 | luyadonsa, ludonsa | oludonsayo, oludonsa | ludonsa | aludonsi | olungadonsi | lungadonsi |
| Class 14 | buyadonsa, budonsa | obudonsayo, obudonsa | budonsa | abudonsi | obungadonsi | bungadonsi |
| Class 15 | kuyadonsa, kudonsa | okudonsayo, okudonsa | kudonsa | akudonsi | okungadonsi | kungadonsi |
| Class 17 | kuyadonsa, kudonsa | okudonsayo, okudonsa | kudonsa | akudonsi | okungadonsi | kungadonsi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngidonsile, ngidonsē | engidonsile, engidonsē | ngidonsile, ngidonsē | angidonsanga | engingadonsanga | ngingadonsanga |
| 2nd singular | udonsile, udonsē | odonsile, odonsē | udonsile, udonsē | awudonsanga | ongadonsanga | ungadonsanga |
| 1st plural | sidonsile, sidonsē | esidonsile, esidonsē | sidonsile, sidonsē | asidonsanga | esingadonsanga | singadonsanga |
| 2nd plural | nidonsile, nidonsē | enidonsile, enidonsē | nidonsile, nidonsē | anidonsanga | eningadonsanga | ningadonsanga |
| Class 1 | udonsile, udonsē | odonsile, odonsē | edonsile, edonsē | akadonsanga | ongadonsanga | engadonsanga |
| Class 2 | badonsile, badonsē | abadonsile, abadonsē | bedonsile, bedonsē | abadonsanga | abangadonsanga | bengadonsanga |
| Class 3 | udonsile, udonsē | odonsile, odonsē | udonsile, udonsē | awudonsanga | ongadonsanga | ungadonsanga |
| Class 4 | idonsile, idonsē | edonsile, edonsē | idonsile, idonsē | ayidonsanga | engadonsanga | ingadonsanga |
| Class 5 | lidonsile, lidonsē | elidonsile, elidonsē | lidonsile, lidonsē | alidonsanga | elingadonsanga | lingadonsanga |
| Class 6 | adonsile, adonsē | adonsile, adonsē | edonsile, edonsē | awadonsanga | angadonsanga | engadonsanga |
| Class 7 | sidonsile, sidonsē | esidonsile, esidonsē | sidonsile, sidonsē | asidonsanga | esingadonsanga | singadonsanga |
| Class 8 | zidonsile, zidonsē | ezidonsile, ezidonsē | zidonsile, zidonsē | azidonsanga | ezingadonsanga | zingadonsanga |
| Class 9 | idonsile, idonsē | edonsile, edonsē | idonsile, idonsē | ayidonsanga | engadonsanga | ingadonsanga |
| Class 10 | zidonsile, zidonsē | ezidonsile, ezidonsē | zidonsile, zidonsē | azidonsanga | ezingadonsanga | zingadonsanga |
| Class 11 | ludonsile, ludonsē | oludonsile, oludonsē | ludonsile, ludonsē | aludonsanga | olungadonsanga | lungadonsanga |
| Class 14 | budonsile, budonsē | obudonsile, obudonsē | budonsile, budonsē | abudonsanga | obungadonsanga | bungadonsanga |
| Class 15 | kudonsile, kudonsē | okudonsile, okudonsē | kudonsile, kudonsē | akudonsanga | okungadonsanga | kungadonsanga |
| Class 17 | kudonsile, kudonsē | okudonsile, okudonsē | kudonsile, kudonsē | akudonsanga | okungadonsanga | kungadonsanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngādonsa | engādonsa | ngādonsa | angidonsanga | engingadonsanga | ngingadonsanga |
| 2nd singular | wādonsa | owādonsa | wādonsa | awudonsanga | ongadonsanga | ungadonsanga |
| 1st plural | sādonsa | esādonsa | sādonsa | asidonsanga | esingadonsanga | singadonsanga |
| 2nd plural | nādonsa | enādonsa | nādonsa | anidonsanga | eningadonsanga | ningadonsanga |
| Class 1 | wādonsa | owādonsa | ādonsa | akadonsanga | ongadonsanga | engadonsanga |
| Class 2 | bādonsa | abādonsa | bādonsa | abadonsanga | abangadonsanga | bengadonsanga |
| Class 3 | wādonsa | owādonsa | wādonsa | awudonsanga | ongadonsanga | ungadonsanga |
| Class 4 | yādonsa | eyādonsa | yādonsa | ayidonsanga | engadonsanga | ingadonsanga |
| Class 5 | lādonsa | elādonsa | lādonsa | alidonsanga | elingadonsanga | lingadonsanga |
| Class 6 | ādonsa | ādonsa | ādonsa | awadonsanga | angadonsanga | engadonsanga |
| Class 7 | sādonsa | esādonsa | sādonsa | asidonsanga | esingadonsanga | singadonsanga |
| Class 8 | zādonsa | ezādonsa | zādonsa | azidonsanga | ezingadonsanga | zingadonsanga |
| Class 9 | yādonsa | eyādonsa | yādonsa | ayidonsanga | engadonsanga | ingadonsanga |
| Class 10 | zādonsa | ezādonsa | zādonsa | azidonsanga | ezingadonsanga | zingadonsanga |
| Class 11 | lwādonsa | olwādonsa | lwādonsa | aludonsanga | olungadonsanga | lungadonsanga |
| Class 14 | bādonsa | obādonsa | bādonsa | abudonsanga | obungadonsanga | bungadonsanga |
| Class 15 | kwādonsa | okwādonsa | kwādonsa | akudonsanga | okungadonsanga | kungadonsanga |
| Class 17 | kwādonsa | okwādonsa | kwādonsa | akudonsanga | okungadonsanga | kungadonsanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingadonsa | — | ngingadonsa | ngingedonse | — | ngingedonse |
| 2nd singular | ungadonsa | — | ungadonsa | ungedonse | — | ungedonse |
| 1st plural | singadonsa | — | singadonsa | singedonse | — | singedonse |
| 2nd plural | ningadonsa | — | ningadonsa | ningedonse | — | ningedonse |
| Class 1 | angadonsa | — | engadonsa | angedonse | — | engedonse |
| Class 2 | bangadonsa | — | bengadonsa | bangedonse | — | bengedonse |
| Class 3 | ungadonsa | — | ungadonsa | ungedonse | — | ungedonse |
| Class 4 | ingadonsa | — | ingadonsa | ingedonse | — | ingedonse |
| Class 5 | lingadonsa | — | lingadonsa | lingedonse | — | lingedonse |
| Class 6 | angadonsa | — | engadonsa | angedonse | — | engedonse |
| Class 7 | singadonsa | — | singadonsa | singedonse | — | singedonse |
| Class 8 | zingadonsa | — | zingadonsa | zingedonse | — | zingedonse |
| Class 9 | ingadonsa | — | ingadonsa | ingedonse | — | ingedonse |
| Class 10 | zingadonsa | — | zingadonsa | zingedonse | — | zingedonse |
| Class 11 | lungadonsa | — | lungadonsa | lungedonse | — | lungedonse |
| Class 14 | bungadonsa | — | bungadonsa | bungedonse | — | bungedonse |
| Class 15 | kungadonsa | — | kungadonsa | kungedonse | — | kungedonse |
| Class 17 | kungadonsa | — | kungadonsa | kungedonse | — | kungedonse |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizodonsa | engizodonsa | ngizodonsa | angizudonsa | engingezudonsa | ngingezudonsa |
| 2nd singular | uzodonsa | ozodonsa | uzodonsa | awuzudonsa | ongezudonsa | ungezudonsa |
| 1st plural | sizodonsa | esizodonsa | sizodonsa | asizudonsa | esingezudonsa | singezudonsa |
| 2nd plural | nizodonsa | enizodonsa | nizodonsa | anizudonsa | eningezudonsa | ningezudonsa |
| Class 1 | uzodonsa | ozodonsa | ezodonsa | akazudonsa | ongezudonsa | engezudonsa |
| Class 2 | bazodonsa | abazodonsa | bezodonsa | abazudonsa | abangezudonsa | bengezudonsa |
| Class 3 | uzodonsa | ozodonsa | uzodonsa | awuzudonsa | ongezudonsa | ungezudonsa |
| Class 4 | izodonsa | ezodonsa | izodonsa | ayizudonsa | engezudonsa | ingezudonsa |
| Class 5 | lizodonsa | elizodonsa | lizodonsa | alizudonsa | elingezudonsa | lingezudonsa |
| Class 6 | azodonsa | azodonsa | ezodonsa | awazudonsa | angezudonsa | engezudonsa |
| Class 7 | sizodonsa | esizodonsa | sizodonsa | asizudonsa | esingezudonsa | singezudonsa |
| Class 8 | zizodonsa | ezizodonsa | zizodonsa | azizudonsa | ezingezudonsa | zingezudonsa |
| Class 9 | izodonsa | ezodonsa | izodonsa | ayizudonsa | engezudonsa | ingezudonsa |
| Class 10 | zizodonsa | ezizodonsa | zizodonsa | azizudonsa | ezingezudonsa | zingezudonsa |
| Class 11 | luzodonsa | oluzodonsa | luzodonsa | aluzudonsa | olungezudonsa | lungezudonsa |
| Class 14 | buzodonsa | obuzodonsa | buzodonsa | abuzudonsa | obungezudonsa | bungezudonsa |
| Class 15 | kuzodonsa | okuzodonsa | kuzodonsa | akuzudonsa | okungezudonsa | kungezudonsa |
| Class 17 | kuzodonsa | okuzodonsa | kuzodonsa | akuzudonsa | okungezudonsa | kungezudonsa |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyodonsa | engiyodonsa | ngiyodonsa | angiyudonsa | engingeyudonsa | ngingeyudonsa |
| 2nd singular | uyodonsa | oyodonsa | uyodonsa | awuyudonsa | ongeyudonsa | ungeyudonsa |
| 1st plural | siyodonsa | esiyodonsa | siyodonsa | asiyudonsa | esingeyudonsa | singeyudonsa |
| 2nd plural | niyodonsa | eniyodonsa | niyodonsa | aniyudonsa | eningeyudonsa | ningeyudonsa |
| Class 1 | uyodonsa | oyodonsa | eyodonsa | akayudonsa | ongeyudonsa | engeyudonsa |
| Class 2 | bayodonsa | abayodonsa | beyodonsa | abayudonsa | abangeyudonsa | bengeyudonsa |
| Class 3 | uyodonsa | oyodonsa | uyodonsa | awuyudonsa | ongeyudonsa | ungeyudonsa |
| Class 4 | iyodonsa | eyodonsa | iyodonsa | ayiyudonsa | engeyudonsa | ingeyudonsa |
| Class 5 | liyodonsa | eliyodonsa | liyodonsa | aliyudonsa | elingeyudonsa | lingeyudonsa |
| Class 6 | ayodonsa | ayodonsa | eyodonsa | awayudonsa | angeyudonsa | engeyudonsa |
| Class 7 | siyodonsa | esiyodonsa | siyodonsa | asiyudonsa | esingeyudonsa | singeyudonsa |
| Class 8 | ziyodonsa | eziyodonsa | ziyodonsa | aziyudonsa | ezingeyudonsa | zingeyudonsa |
| Class 9 | iyodonsa | eyodonsa | iyodonsa | ayiyudonsa | engeyudonsa | ingeyudonsa |
| Class 10 | ziyodonsa | eziyodonsa | ziyodonsa | aziyudonsa | ezingeyudonsa | zingeyudonsa |
| Class 11 | luyodonsa | oluyodonsa | luyodonsa | aluyudonsa | olungeyudonsa | lungeyudonsa |
| Class 14 | buyodonsa | obuyodonsa | buyodonsa | abuyudonsa | obungeyudonsa | bungeyudonsa |
| Class 15 | kuyodonsa | okuyodonsa | kuyodonsa | akuyudonsa | okungeyudonsa | kungeyudonsa |
| Class 17 | kuyodonsa | okuyodonsa | kuyodonsa | akuyudonsa | okungeyudonsa | kungeyudonsa |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngidonse | ngingadonsi |
| 2nd singular | udonse | ungadonsi |
| 1st plural | sidonse | singadonsi |
| 2nd plural | nidonse | ningadonsi |
| Class 1 | adonse | angadonsi |
| Class 2 | badonse | bangadonsi |
| Class 3 | udonse | ungadonsi |
| Class 4 | idonse | ingadonsi |
| Class 5 | lidonse | lingadonsi |
| Class 6 | adonse | angadonsi |
| Class 7 | sidonse | singadonsi |
| Class 8 | zidonse | zingadonsi |
| Class 9 | idonse | ingadonsi |
| Class 10 | zidonse | zingadonsi |
| Class 11 | ludonse | lungadonsi |
| Class 14 | budonse | bungadonsi |
| Class 15 | kudonse | kungadonsi |
| Class 17 | kudonse | kungadonsi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngadonsa | ngangadonsa, angadonsa, angangadonsa |
| 2nd singular | wadonsa | wangadonsa, awadonsa, awangadonsa |
| 1st plural | sadonsa | sangadonsa, asadonsa, asangadonsa |
| 2nd plural | nadonsa | nangadonsa, anadonsa, anangadonsa |
| Class 1 | wadonsa | wangadonsa, akadonsa, akangadonsa |
| Class 2 | badonsa | bangadonsa, abadonsa, abangadonsa |
| Class 3 | wadonsa | wangadonsa, awadonsa, awangadonsa |
| Class 4 | yadonsa | yangadonsa, ayadonsa, ayangadonsa |
| Class 5 | ladonsa | langadonsa, aladonsa, alangadonsa |
| Class 6 | adonsa | angadonsa, awadonsa, awangadonsa |
| Class 7 | sadonsa | sangadonsa, asadonsa, asangadonsa |
| Class 8 | zadonsa | zangadonsa, azadonsa, azangadonsa |
| Class 9 | yadonsa | yangadonsa, ayadonsa, ayangadonsa |
| Class 10 | zadonsa | zangadonsa, azadonsa, azangadonsa |
| Class 11 | lwadonsa | lwangadonsa, alwadonsa, alwangadonsa |
| Class 14 | badonsa | bangadonsa, abadonsa, abangadonsa |
| Class 15 | kwadonsa | kwangadonsa, akwadonsa, akwangadonsa |
| Class 17 | kwadonsa | kwangadonsa, akwadonsa, akwangadonsa |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “donsa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “donsa (6.3)”