# nqoba
## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ᵑǃôːɓa/

### Verb

-nqôba
* (intransitive) to conquer, to defeat, to overcome, to overpower
* (intransitive) to master, to win

#### Inflection

Tone HH :
| Infinitive | ukunqoba |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukunqoba | ukunganqobi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | nqoba | -nqobe |
| Plural | nqobani | -nqobeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyanqoba, nginqoba | enginqobayo, enginqoba | nginqoba | anginqobi | enginganqobi | nginganqobi |
| 2nd singular | uyanqoba, unqoba | onqobayo, onqoba | unqoba | awunqobi | onganqobi | unganqobi |
| 1st plural | siyanqoba, sinqoba | esinqobayo, esinqoba | sinqoba | asinqobi | esinganqobi | singanqobi |
| 2nd plural | niyanqoba, ninqoba | eninqobayo, eninqoba | ninqoba | aninqobi | eninganqobi | ninganqobi |
| Class 1 | uyanqoba, unqoba | onqobayo, onqoba | enqoba | akanqobi | onganqobi | enganqobi |
| Class 2 | bayanqoba, banqoba | abanqobayo, abanqoba | benqoba | abanqobi | abanganqobi | benganqobi |
| Class 3 | uyanqoba, unqoba | onqobayo, onqoba | unqoba | awunqobi | onganqobi | unganqobi |
| Class 4 | iyanqoba, inqoba | enqobayo, enqoba | inqoba | ayinqobi | enganqobi | inganqobi |
| Class 5 | liyanqoba, linqoba | elinqobayo, elinqoba | linqoba | alinqobi | elinganqobi | linganqobi |
| Class 6 | ayanqoba, anqoba | anqobayo, anqoba | enqoba | awanqobi | anganqobi | enganqobi |
| Class 7 | siyanqoba, sinqoba | esinqobayo, esinqoba | sinqoba | asinqobi | esinganqobi | singanqobi |
| Class 8 | ziyanqoba, zinqoba | ezinqobayo, ezinqoba | zinqoba | azinqobi | ezinganqobi | zinganqobi |
| Class 9 | iyanqoba, inqoba | enqobayo, enqoba | inqoba | ayinqobi | enganqobi | inganqobi |
| Class 10 | ziyanqoba, zinqoba | ezinqobayo, ezinqoba | zinqoba | azinqobi | ezinganqobi | zinganqobi |
| Class 11 | luyanqoba, lunqoba | olunqobayo, olunqoba | lunqoba | alunqobi | olunganqobi | lunganqobi |
| Class 14 | buyanqoba, bunqoba | obunqobayo, obunqoba | bunqoba | abunqobi | obunganqobi | bunganqobi |
| Class 15 | kuyanqoba, kunqoba | okunqobayo, okunqoba | kunqoba | akunqobi | okunganqobi | kunganqobi |
| Class 17 | kuyanqoba, kunqoba | okunqobayo, okunqoba | kunqoba | akunqobi | okunganqobi | kunganqobi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | nginqobile, nginqobē | enginqobile, enginqobē | nginqobile, nginqobē | anginqobanga | enginganqobanga | nginganqobanga |
| 2nd singular | unqobile, unqobē | onqobile, onqobē | unqobile, unqobē | awunqobanga | onganqobanga | unganqobanga |
| 1st plural | sinqobile, sinqobē | esinqobile, esinqobē | sinqobile, sinqobē | asinqobanga | esinganqobanga | singanqobanga |
| 2nd plural | ninqobile, ninqobē | eninqobile, eninqobē | ninqobile, ninqobē | aninqobanga | eninganqobanga | ninganqobanga |
| Class 1 | unqobile, unqobē | onqobile, onqobē | enqobile, enqobē | akanqobanga | onganqobanga | enganqobanga |
| Class 2 | banqobile, banqobē | abanqobile, abanqobē | benqobile, benqobē | abanqobanga | abanganqobanga | benganqobanga |
| Class 3 | unqobile, unqobē | onqobile, onqobē | unqobile, unqobē | awunqobanga | onganqobanga | unganqobanga |
| Class 4 | inqobile, inqobē | enqobile, enqobē | inqobile, inqobē | ayinqobanga | enganqobanga | inganqobanga |
| Class 5 | linqobile, linqobē | elinqobile, elinqobē | linqobile, linqobē | alinqobanga | elinganqobanga | linganqobanga |
| Class 6 | anqobile, anqobē | anqobile, anqobē | enqobile, enqobē | awanqobanga | anganqobanga | enganqobanga |
| Class 7 | sinqobile, sinqobē | esinqobile, esinqobē | sinqobile, sinqobē | asinqobanga | esinganqobanga | singanqobanga |
| Class 8 | zinqobile, zinqobē | ezinqobile, ezinqobē | zinqobile, zinqobē | azinqobanga | ezinganqobanga | zinganqobanga |
| Class 9 | inqobile, inqobē | enqobile, enqobē | inqobile, inqobē | ayinqobanga | enganqobanga | inganqobanga |
| Class 10 | zinqobile, zinqobē | ezinqobile, ezinqobē | zinqobile, zinqobē | azinqobanga | ezinganqobanga | zinganqobanga |
| Class 11 | lunqobile, lunqobē | olunqobile, olunqobē | lunqobile, lunqobē | alunqobanga | olunganqobanga | lunganqobanga |
| Class 14 | bunqobile, bunqobē | obunqobile, obunqobē | bunqobile, bunqobē | abunqobanga | obunganqobanga | bunganqobanga |
| Class 15 | kunqobile, kunqobē | okunqobile, okunqobē | kunqobile, kunqobē | akunqobanga | okunganqobanga | kunganqobanga |
| Class 17 | kunqobile, kunqobē | okunqobile, okunqobē | kunqobile, kunqobē | akunqobanga | okunganqobanga | kunganqobanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngānqoba | engānqoba | ngānqoba | anginqobanga | enginganqobanga | nginganqobanga |
| 2nd singular | wānqoba | owānqoba | wānqoba | awunqobanga | onganqobanga | unganqobanga |
| 1st plural | sānqoba | esānqoba | sānqoba | asinqobanga | esinganqobanga | singanqobanga |
| 2nd plural | nānqoba | enānqoba | nānqoba | aninqobanga | eninganqobanga | ninganqobanga |
| Class 1 | wānqoba | owānqoba | ānqoba | akanqobanga | onganqobanga | enganqobanga |
| Class 2 | bānqoba | abānqoba | bānqoba | abanqobanga | abanganqobanga | benganqobanga |
| Class 3 | wānqoba | owānqoba | wānqoba | awunqobanga | onganqobanga | unganqobanga |
| Class 4 | yānqoba | eyānqoba | yānqoba | ayinqobanga | enganqobanga | inganqobanga |
| Class 5 | lānqoba | elānqoba | lānqoba | alinqobanga | elinganqobanga | linganqobanga |
| Class 6 | ānqoba | ānqoba | ānqoba | awanqobanga | anganqobanga | enganqobanga |
| Class 7 | sānqoba | esānqoba | sānqoba | asinqobanga | esinganqobanga | singanqobanga |
| Class 8 | zānqoba | ezānqoba | zānqoba | azinqobanga | ezinganqobanga | zinganqobanga |
| Class 9 | yānqoba | eyānqoba | yānqoba | ayinqobanga | enganqobanga | inganqobanga |
| Class 10 | zānqoba | ezānqoba | zānqoba | azinqobanga | ezinganqobanga | zinganqobanga |
| Class 11 | lwānqoba | olwānqoba | lwānqoba | alunqobanga | olunganqobanga | lunganqobanga |
| Class 14 | bānqoba | obānqoba | bānqoba | abunqobanga | obunganqobanga | bunganqobanga |
| Class 15 | kwānqoba | okwānqoba | kwānqoba | akunqobanga | okunganqobanga | kunganqobanga |
| Class 17 | kwānqoba | okwānqoba | kwānqoba | akunqobanga | okunganqobanga | kunganqobanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | nginganqoba | — | nginganqoba | ngingenqobe | — | ngingenqobe |
| 2nd singular | unganqoba | — | unganqoba | ungenqobe | — | ungenqobe |
| 1st plural | singanqoba | — | singanqoba | singenqobe | — | singenqobe |
| 2nd plural | ninganqoba | — | ninganqoba | ningenqobe | — | ningenqobe |
| Class 1 | anganqoba | — | enganqoba | angenqobe | — | engenqobe |
| Class 2 | banganqoba | — | benganqoba | bangenqobe | — | bengenqobe |
| Class 3 | unganqoba | — | unganqoba | ungenqobe | — | ungenqobe |
| Class 4 | inganqoba | — | inganqoba | ingenqobe | — | ingenqobe |
| Class 5 | linganqoba | — | linganqoba | lingenqobe | — | lingenqobe |
| Class 6 | anganqoba | — | enganqoba | angenqobe | — | engenqobe |
| Class 7 | singanqoba | — | singanqoba | singenqobe | — | singenqobe |
| Class 8 | zinganqoba | — | zinganqoba | zingenqobe | — | zingenqobe |
| Class 9 | inganqoba | — | inganqoba | ingenqobe | — | ingenqobe |
| Class 10 | zinganqoba | — | zinganqoba | zingenqobe | — | zingenqobe |
| Class 11 | lunganqoba | — | lunganqoba | lungenqobe | — | lungenqobe |
| Class 14 | bunganqoba | — | bunganqoba | bungenqobe | — | bungenqobe |
| Class 15 | kunganqoba | — | kunganqoba | kungenqobe | — | kungenqobe |
| Class 17 | kunganqoba | — | kunganqoba | kungenqobe | — | kungenqobe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizonqoba | engizonqoba | ngizonqoba | angizunqoba | engingezunqoba | ngingezunqoba |
| 2nd singular | uzonqoba | ozonqoba | uzonqoba | awuzunqoba | ongezunqoba | ungezunqoba |
| 1st plural | sizonqoba | esizonqoba | sizonqoba | asizunqoba | esingezunqoba | singezunqoba |
| 2nd plural | nizonqoba | enizonqoba | nizonqoba | anizunqoba | eningezunqoba | ningezunqoba |
| Class 1 | uzonqoba | ozonqoba | ezonqoba | akazunqoba | ongezunqoba | engezunqoba |
| Class 2 | bazonqoba | abazonqoba | bezonqoba | abazunqoba | abangezunqoba | bengezunqoba |
| Class 3 | uzonqoba | ozonqoba | uzonqoba | awuzunqoba | ongezunqoba | ungezunqoba |
| Class 4 | izonqoba | ezonqoba | izonqoba | ayizunqoba | engezunqoba | ingezunqoba |
| Class 5 | lizonqoba | elizonqoba | lizonqoba | alizunqoba | elingezunqoba | lingezunqoba |
| Class 6 | azonqoba | azonqoba | ezonqoba | awazunqoba | angezunqoba | engezunqoba |
| Class 7 | sizonqoba | esizonqoba | sizonqoba | asizunqoba | esingezunqoba | singezunqoba |
| Class 8 | zizonqoba | ezizonqoba | zizonqoba | azizunqoba | ezingezunqoba | zingezunqoba |
| Class 9 | izonqoba | ezonqoba | izonqoba | ayizunqoba | engezunqoba | ingezunqoba |
| Class 10 | zizonqoba | ezizonqoba | zizonqoba | azizunqoba | ezingezunqoba | zingezunqoba |
| Class 11 | luzonqoba | oluzonqoba | luzonqoba | aluzunqoba | olungezunqoba | lungezunqoba |
| Class 14 | buzonqoba | obuzonqoba | buzonqoba | abuzunqoba | obungezunqoba | bungezunqoba |
| Class 15 | kuzonqoba | okuzonqoba | kuzonqoba | akuzunqoba | okungezunqoba | kungezunqoba |
| Class 17 | kuzonqoba | okuzonqoba | kuzonqoba | akuzunqoba | okungezunqoba | kungezunqoba |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyonqoba | engiyonqoba | ngiyonqoba | angiyunqoba | engingeyunqoba | ngingeyunqoba |
| 2nd singular | uyonqoba | oyonqoba | uyonqoba | awuyunqoba | ongeyunqoba | ungeyunqoba |
| 1st plural | siyonqoba | esiyonqoba | siyonqoba | asiyunqoba | esingeyunqoba | singeyunqoba |
| 2nd plural | niyonqoba | eniyonqoba | niyonqoba | aniyunqoba | eningeyunqoba | ningeyunqoba |
| Class 1 | uyonqoba | oyonqoba | eyonqoba | akayunqoba | ongeyunqoba | engeyunqoba |
| Class 2 | bayonqoba | abayonqoba | beyonqoba | abayunqoba | abangeyunqoba | bengeyunqoba |
| Class 3 | uyonqoba | oyonqoba | uyonqoba | awuyunqoba | ongeyunqoba | ungeyunqoba |
| Class 4 | iyonqoba | eyonqoba | iyonqoba | ayiyunqoba | engeyunqoba | ingeyunqoba |
| Class 5 | liyonqoba | eliyonqoba | liyonqoba | aliyunqoba | elingeyunqoba | lingeyunqoba |
| Class 6 | ayonqoba | ayonqoba | eyonqoba | awayunqoba | angeyunqoba | engeyunqoba |
| Class 7 | siyonqoba | esiyonqoba | siyonqoba | asiyunqoba | esingeyunqoba | singeyunqoba |
| Class 8 | ziyonqoba | eziyonqoba | ziyonqoba | aziyunqoba | ezingeyunqoba | zingeyunqoba |
| Class 9 | iyonqoba | eyonqoba | iyonqoba | ayiyunqoba | engeyunqoba | ingeyunqoba |
| Class 10 | ziyonqoba | eziyonqoba | ziyonqoba | aziyunqoba | ezingeyunqoba | zingeyunqoba |
| Class 11 | luyonqoba | oluyonqoba | luyonqoba | aluyunqoba | olungeyunqoba | lungeyunqoba |
| Class 14 | buyonqoba | obuyonqoba | buyonqoba | abuyunqoba | obungeyunqoba | bungeyunqoba |
| Class 15 | kuyonqoba | okuyonqoba | kuyonqoba | akuyunqoba | okungeyunqoba | kungeyunqoba |
| Class 17 | kuyonqoba | okuyonqoba | kuyonqoba | akuyunqoba | okungeyunqoba | kungeyunqoba |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | nginqobe | nginganqobi |
| 2nd singular | unqobe | unganqobi |
| 1st plural | sinqobe | singanqobi |
| 2nd plural | ninqobe | ninganqobi |
| Class 1 | anqobe | anganqobi |
| Class 2 | banqobe | banganqobi |
| Class 3 | unqobe | unganqobi |
| Class 4 | inqobe | inganqobi |
| Class 5 | linqobe | linganqobi |
| Class 6 | anqobe | anganqobi |
| Class 7 | sinqobe | singanqobi |
| Class 8 | zinqobe | zinganqobi |
| Class 9 | inqobe | inganqobi |
| Class 10 | zinqobe | zinganqobi |
| Class 11 | lunqobe | lunganqobi |
| Class 14 | bunqobe | bunganqobi |
| Class 15 | kunqobe | kunganqobi |
| Class 17 | kunqobe | kunganqobi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | nganqoba | nganganqoba, anganqoba, anganganqoba |
| 2nd singular | wanqoba | wanganqoba, awanqoba, awanganqoba |
| 1st plural | sanqoba | sanganqoba, asanqoba, asanganqoba |
| 2nd plural | nanqoba | nanganqoba, ananqoba, ananganqoba |
| Class 1 | wanqoba | wanganqoba, akanqoba, akanganqoba |
| Class 2 | banqoba | banganqoba, abanqoba, abanganqoba |
| Class 3 | wanqoba | wanganqoba, awanqoba, awanganqoba |
| Class 4 | yanqoba | yanganqoba, ayanqoba, ayanganqoba |
| Class 5 | lanqoba | langanqoba, alanqoba, alanganqoba |
| Class 6 | anqoba | anganqoba, awanqoba, awanganqoba |
| Class 7 | sanqoba | sanganqoba, asanqoba, asanganqoba |
| Class 8 | zanqoba | zanganqoba, azanqoba, azanganqoba |
| Class 9 | yanqoba | yanganqoba, ayanqoba, ayanganqoba |
| Class 10 | zanqoba | zanganqoba, azanqoba, azanganqoba |
| Class 11 | lwanqoba | lwanganqoba, alwanqoba, alwanganqoba |
| Class 14 | banqoba | banganqoba, abanqoba, abanganqoba |
| Class 15 | kwanqoba | kwanganqoba, akwanqoba, akwanganqoba |
| Class 17 | kwanqoba | kwanganqoba, akwanqoba, akwanganqoba |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “nqoɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “nqoɓa (3.9)”