# guqula
## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-gúqula
* (transitive) to change
* (transitive) to translate

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Related terms

* -guquka

## Zulu
### Etymology

From the ideophone guqu.

### Verb

-guqula
* (transitive) to change, to alter
* (transitive) to turn around, to turn over

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuguqula |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuguqula | ukungaguquli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | guqula | -guqule |
| Plural | guqulani | -guquleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaguqula, ngiguqula | engiguqulayo, engiguqula | ngiguqula | angiguquli | engingaguquli | ngingaguquli |
| 2nd singular | uyaguqula, uguqula | oguqulayo, oguqula | uguqula | awuguquli | ongaguquli | ungaguquli |
| 1st plural | siyaguqula, siguqula | esiguqulayo, esiguqula | siguqula | asiguquli | esingaguquli | singaguquli |
| 2nd plural | niyaguqula, niguqula | eniguqulayo, eniguqula | niguqula | aniguquli | eningaguquli | ningaguquli |
| Class 1 | uyaguqula, uguqula | oguqulayo, oguqula | eguqula | akaguquli | ongaguquli | engaguquli |
| Class 2 | bayaguqula, baguqula | abaguqulayo, abaguqula | beguqula | abaguquli | abangaguquli | bengaguquli |
| Class 3 | uyaguqula, uguqula | oguqulayo, oguqula | uguqula | awuguquli | ongaguquli | ungaguquli |
| Class 4 | iyaguqula, iguqula | eguqulayo, eguqula | iguqula | ayiguquli | engaguquli | ingaguquli |
| Class 5 | liyaguqula, liguqula | eliguqulayo, eliguqula | liguqula | aliguquli | elingaguquli | lingaguquli |
| Class 6 | ayaguqula, aguqula | aguqulayo, aguqula | eguqula | awaguquli | angaguquli | engaguquli |
| Class 7 | siyaguqula, siguqula | esiguqulayo, esiguqula | siguqula | asiguquli | esingaguquli | singaguquli |
| Class 8 | ziyaguqula, ziguqula | eziguqulayo, eziguqula | ziguqula | aziguquli | ezingaguquli | zingaguquli |
| Class 9 | iyaguqula, iguqula | eguqulayo, eguqula | iguqula | ayiguquli | engaguquli | ingaguquli |
| Class 10 | ziyaguqula, ziguqula | eziguqulayo, eziguqula | ziguqula | aziguquli | ezingaguquli | zingaguquli |
| Class 11 | luyaguqula, luguqula | oluguqulayo, oluguqula | luguqula | aluguquli | olungaguquli | lungaguquli |
| Class 14 | buyaguqula, buguqula | obuguqulayo, obuguqula | buguqula | abuguquli | obungaguquli | bungaguquli |
| Class 15 | kuyaguqula, kuguqula | okuguqulayo, okuguqula | kuguqula | akuguquli | okungaguquli | kungaguquli |
| Class 17 | kuyaguqula, kuguqula | okuguqulayo, okuguqula | kuguqula | akuguquli | okungaguquli | kungaguquli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiguqulile, ngiguqulē | engiguqulile, engiguqulē | ngiguqulile, ngiguqulē | angiguqulanga | engingaguqulanga | ngingaguqulanga |
| 2nd singular | uguqulile, uguqulē | oguqulile, oguqulē | uguqulile, uguqulē | awuguqulanga | ongaguqulanga | ungaguqulanga |
| 1st plural | siguqulile, siguqulē | esiguqulile, esiguqulē | siguqulile, siguqulē | asiguqulanga | esingaguqulanga | singaguqulanga |
| 2nd plural | niguqulile, niguqulē | eniguqulile, eniguqulē | niguqulile, niguqulē | aniguqulanga | eningaguqulanga | ningaguqulanga |
| Class 1 | uguqulile, uguqulē | oguqulile, oguqulē | eguqulile, eguqulē | akaguqulanga | ongaguqulanga | engaguqulanga |
| Class 2 | baguqulile, baguqulē | abaguqulile, abaguqulē | beguqulile, beguqulē | abaguqulanga | abangaguqulanga | bengaguqulanga |
| Class 3 | uguqulile, uguqulē | oguqulile, oguqulē | uguqulile, uguqulē | awuguqulanga | ongaguqulanga | ungaguqulanga |
| Class 4 | iguqulile, iguqulē | eguqulile, eguqulē | iguqulile, iguqulē | ayiguqulanga | engaguqulanga | ingaguqulanga |
| Class 5 | liguqulile, liguqulē | eliguqulile, eliguqulē | liguqulile, liguqulē | aliguqulanga | elingaguqulanga | lingaguqulanga |
| Class 6 | aguqulile, aguqulē | aguqulile, aguqulē | eguqulile, eguqulē | awaguqulanga | angaguqulanga | engaguqulanga |
| Class 7 | siguqulile, siguqulē | esiguqulile, esiguqulē | siguqulile, siguqulē | asiguqulanga | esingaguqulanga | singaguqulanga |
| Class 8 | ziguqulile, ziguqulē | eziguqulile, eziguqulē | ziguqulile, ziguqulē | aziguqulanga | ezingaguqulanga | zingaguqulanga |
| Class 9 | iguqulile, iguqulē | eguqulile, eguqulē | iguqulile, iguqulē | ayiguqulanga | engaguqulanga | ingaguqulanga |
| Class 10 | ziguqulile, ziguqulē | eziguqulile, eziguqulē | ziguqulile, ziguqulē | aziguqulanga | ezingaguqulanga | zingaguqulanga |
| Class 11 | luguqulile, luguqulē | oluguqulile, oluguqulē | luguqulile, luguqulē | aluguqulanga | olungaguqulanga | lungaguqulanga |
| Class 14 | buguqulile, buguqulē | obuguqulile, obuguqulē | buguqulile, buguqulē | abuguqulanga | obungaguqulanga | bungaguqulanga |
| Class 15 | kuguqulile, kuguqulē | okuguqulile, okuguqulē | kuguqulile, kuguqulē | akuguqulanga | okungaguqulanga | kungaguqulanga |
| Class 17 | kuguqulile, kuguqulē | okuguqulile, okuguqulē | kuguqulile, kuguqulē | akuguqulanga | okungaguqulanga | kungaguqulanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāguqula | engāguqula | ngāguqula | angiguqulanga | engingaguqulanga | ngingaguqulanga |
| 2nd singular | wāguqula | owāguqula | wāguqula | awuguqulanga | ongaguqulanga | ungaguqulanga |
| 1st plural | sāguqula | esāguqula | sāguqula | asiguqulanga | esingaguqulanga | singaguqulanga |
| 2nd plural | nāguqula | enāguqula | nāguqula | aniguqulanga | eningaguqulanga | ningaguqulanga |
| Class 1 | wāguqula | owāguqula | āguqula | akaguqulanga | ongaguqulanga | engaguqulanga |
| Class 2 | bāguqula | abāguqula | bāguqula | abaguqulanga | abangaguqulanga | bengaguqulanga |
| Class 3 | wāguqula | owāguqula | wāguqula | awuguqulanga | ongaguqulanga | ungaguqulanga |
| Class 4 | yāguqula | eyāguqula | yāguqula | ayiguqulanga | engaguqulanga | ingaguqulanga |
| Class 5 | lāguqula | elāguqula | lāguqula | aliguqulanga | elingaguqulanga | lingaguqulanga |
| Class 6 | āguqula | āguqula | āguqula | awaguqulanga | angaguqulanga | engaguqulanga |
| Class 7 | sāguqula | esāguqula | sāguqula | asiguqulanga | esingaguqulanga | singaguqulanga |
| Class 8 | zāguqula | ezāguqula | zāguqula | aziguqulanga | ezingaguqulanga | zingaguqulanga |
| Class 9 | yāguqula | eyāguqula | yāguqula | ayiguqulanga | engaguqulanga | ingaguqulanga |
| Class 10 | zāguqula | ezāguqula | zāguqula | aziguqulanga | ezingaguqulanga | zingaguqulanga |
| Class 11 | lwāguqula | olwāguqula | lwāguqula | aluguqulanga | olungaguqulanga | lungaguqulanga |
| Class 14 | bāguqula | obāguqula | bāguqula | abuguqulanga | obungaguqulanga | bungaguqulanga |
| Class 15 | kwāguqula | okwāguqula | kwāguqula | akuguqulanga | okungaguqulanga | kungaguqulanga |
| Class 17 | kwāguqula | okwāguqula | kwāguqula | akuguqulanga | okungaguqulanga | kungaguqulanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaguqula | — | ngingaguqula | ngingeguqule | — | ngingeguqule |
| 2nd singular | ungaguqula | — | ungaguqula | ungeguqule | — | ungeguqule |
| 1st plural | singaguqula | — | singaguqula | singeguqule | — | singeguqule |
| 2nd plural | ningaguqula | — | ningaguqula | ningeguqule | — | ningeguqule |
| Class 1 | angaguqula | — | engaguqula | angeguqule | — | engeguqule |
| Class 2 | bangaguqula | — | bengaguqula | bangeguqule | — | bengeguqule |
| Class 3 | ungaguqula | — | ungaguqula | ungeguqule | — | ungeguqule |
| Class 4 | ingaguqula | — | ingaguqula | ingeguqule | — | ingeguqule |
| Class 5 | lingaguqula | — | lingaguqula | lingeguqule | — | lingeguqule |
| Class 6 | angaguqula | — | engaguqula | angeguqule | — | engeguqule |
| Class 7 | singaguqula | — | singaguqula | singeguqule | — | singeguqule |
| Class 8 | zingaguqula | — | zingaguqula | zingeguqule | — | zingeguqule |
| Class 9 | ingaguqula | — | ingaguqula | ingeguqule | — | ingeguqule |
| Class 10 | zingaguqula | — | zingaguqula | zingeguqule | — | zingeguqule |
| Class 11 | lungaguqula | — | lungaguqula | lungeguqule | — | lungeguqule |
| Class 14 | bungaguqula | — | bungaguqula | bungeguqule | — | bungeguqule |
| Class 15 | kungaguqula | — | kungaguqula | kungeguqule | — | kungeguqule |
| Class 17 | kungaguqula | — | kungaguqula | kungeguqule | — | kungeguqule |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoguqula | engizoguqula | ngizoguqula | angizuguqula | engingezuguqula | ngingezuguqula |
| 2nd singular | uzoguqula | ozoguqula | uzoguqula | awuzuguqula | ongezuguqula | ungezuguqula |
| 1st plural | sizoguqula | esizoguqula | sizoguqula | asizuguqula | esingezuguqula | singezuguqula |
| 2nd plural | nizoguqula | enizoguqula | nizoguqula | anizuguqula | eningezuguqula | ningezuguqula |
| Class 1 | uzoguqula | ozoguqula | ezoguqula | akazuguqula | ongezuguqula | engezuguqula |
| Class 2 | bazoguqula | abazoguqula | bezoguqula | abazuguqula | abangezuguqula | bengezuguqula |
| Class 3 | uzoguqula | ozoguqula | uzoguqula | awuzuguqula | ongezuguqula | ungezuguqula |
| Class 4 | izoguqula | ezoguqula | izoguqula | ayizuguqula | engezuguqula | ingezuguqula |
| Class 5 | lizoguqula | elizoguqula | lizoguqula | alizuguqula | elingezuguqula | lingezuguqula |
| Class 6 | azoguqula | azoguqula | ezoguqula | awazuguqula | angezuguqula | engezuguqula |
| Class 7 | sizoguqula | esizoguqula | sizoguqula | asizuguqula | esingezuguqula | singezuguqula |
| Class 8 | zizoguqula | ezizoguqula | zizoguqula | azizuguqula | ezingezuguqula | zingezuguqula |
| Class 9 | izoguqula | ezoguqula | izoguqula | ayizuguqula | engezuguqula | ingezuguqula |
| Class 10 | zizoguqula | ezizoguqula | zizoguqula | azizuguqula | ezingezuguqula | zingezuguqula |
| Class 11 | luzoguqula | oluzoguqula | luzoguqula | aluzuguqula | olungezuguqula | lungezuguqula |
| Class 14 | buzoguqula | obuzoguqula | buzoguqula | abuzuguqula | obungezuguqula | bungezuguqula |
| Class 15 | kuzoguqula | okuzoguqula | kuzoguqula | akuzuguqula | okungezuguqula | kungezuguqula |
| Class 17 | kuzoguqula | okuzoguqula | kuzoguqula | akuzuguqula | okungezuguqula | kungezuguqula |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoguqula | engiyoguqula | ngiyoguqula | angiyuguqula | engingeyuguqula | ngingeyuguqula |
| 2nd singular | uyoguqula | oyoguqula | uyoguqula | awuyuguqula | ongeyuguqula | ungeyuguqula |
| 1st plural | siyoguqula | esiyoguqula | siyoguqula | asiyuguqula | esingeyuguqula | singeyuguqula |
| 2nd plural | niyoguqula | eniyoguqula | niyoguqula | aniyuguqula | eningeyuguqula | ningeyuguqula |
| Class 1 | uyoguqula | oyoguqula | eyoguqula | akayuguqula | ongeyuguqula | engeyuguqula |
| Class 2 | bayoguqula | abayoguqula | beyoguqula | abayuguqula | abangeyuguqula | bengeyuguqula |
| Class 3 | uyoguqula | oyoguqula | uyoguqula | awuyuguqula | ongeyuguqula | ungeyuguqula |
| Class 4 | iyoguqula | eyoguqula | iyoguqula | ayiyuguqula | engeyuguqula | ingeyuguqula |
| Class 5 | liyoguqula | eliyoguqula | liyoguqula | aliyuguqula | elingeyuguqula | lingeyuguqula |
| Class 6 | ayoguqula | ayoguqula | eyoguqula | awayuguqula | angeyuguqula | engeyuguqula |
| Class 7 | siyoguqula | esiyoguqula | siyoguqula | asiyuguqula | esingeyuguqula | singeyuguqula |
| Class 8 | ziyoguqula | eziyoguqula | ziyoguqula | aziyuguqula | ezingeyuguqula | zingeyuguqula |
| Class 9 | iyoguqula | eyoguqula | iyoguqula | ayiyuguqula | engeyuguqula | ingeyuguqula |
| Class 10 | ziyoguqula | eziyoguqula | ziyoguqula | aziyuguqula | ezingeyuguqula | zingeyuguqula |
| Class 11 | luyoguqula | oluyoguqula | luyoguqula | aluyuguqula | olungeyuguqula | lungeyuguqula |
| Class 14 | buyoguqula | obuyoguqula | buyoguqula | abuyuguqula | obungeyuguqula | bungeyuguqula |
| Class 15 | kuyoguqula | okuyoguqula | kuyoguqula | akuyuguqula | okungeyuguqula | kungeyuguqula |
| Class 17 | kuyoguqula | okuyoguqula | kuyoguqula | akuyuguqula | okungeyuguqula | kungeyuguqula |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiguqule | ngingaguquli |
| 2nd singular | uguqule | ungaguquli |
| 1st plural | siguqule | singaguquli |
| 2nd plural | niguqule | ningaguquli |
| Class 1 | aguqule | angaguquli |
| Class 2 | baguqule | bangaguquli |
| Class 3 | uguqule | ungaguquli |
| Class 4 | iguqule | ingaguquli |
| Class 5 | liguqule | lingaguquli |
| Class 6 | aguqule | angaguquli |
| Class 7 | siguqule | singaguquli |
| Class 8 | ziguqule | zingaguquli |
| Class 9 | iguqule | ingaguquli |
| Class 10 | ziguqule | zingaguquli |
| Class 11 | luguqule | lungaguquli |
| Class 14 | buguqule | bungaguquli |
| Class 15 | kuguqule | kungaguquli |
| Class 17 | kuguqule | kungaguquli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaguqula | ngangaguqula, angaguqula, angangaguqula |
| 2nd singular | waguqula | wangaguqula, awaguqula, awangaguqula |
| 1st plural | saguqula | sangaguqula, asaguqula, asangaguqula |
| 2nd plural | naguqula | nangaguqula, anaguqula, anangaguqula |
| Class 1 | waguqula | wangaguqula, akaguqula, akangaguqula |
| Class 2 | baguqula | bangaguqula, abaguqula, abangaguqula |
| Class 3 | waguqula | wangaguqula, awaguqula, awangaguqula |
| Class 4 | yaguqula | yangaguqula, ayaguqula, ayangaguqula |
| Class 5 | laguqula | langaguqula, alaguqula, alangaguqula |
| Class 6 | aguqula | angaguqula, awaguqula, awangaguqula |
| Class 7 | saguqula | sangaguqula, asaguqula, asangaguqula |
| Class 8 | zaguqula | zangaguqula, azaguqula, azangaguqula |
| Class 9 | yaguqula | yangaguqula, ayaguqula, ayangaguqula |
| Class 10 | zaguqula | zangaguqula, azaguqula, azangaguqula |
| Class 11 | lwaguqula | lwangaguqula, alwaguqula, alwangaguqula |
| Class 14 | baguqula | bangaguqula, abaguqula, abangaguqula |
| Class 15 | kwaguqula | kwangaguqula, akwaguqula, akwangaguqula |
| Class 17 | kwaguqula | kwangaguqula, akwaguqula, akwangaguqula |

#### Related terms

* -guquka

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “guqula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “guqula (3.2.9)”