# 牛乳
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): niúrǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄖㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngau$^4$ jyu$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnieu-zy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niúrǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄖㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nióurǔ
*** Wade–Giles: niu$^2$-ju$^3$
*** Yale: nyóu-rǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niouruu
*** Palladius: нюжу (njužu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngau$^4$ jyu$^5$
*** Yale: ngàuh yúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngau$^4$ jy$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngeo$^4$ yu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐu̯²¹ jyː¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gnieu-zy
*** MiniDict: nyeu$^去$ zy
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$nyieu-zr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲiɤ²² zz̩⁴⁴/

#### Noun

牛乳
* cow's milk
    From: 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 181
    tong$^4$ jan$^4$ jau$^5$ kaai$^5$ ngau$^4$ jyu$^5$ gung$^6$ tong$^4$ lai$^4$ gaau$^2$ caa$^4$ jau$^5$ mou$^5$ ne$^1$ [Jyutping]
    Do the Chinese use milk and sugar with their tea?

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 牛奶, 牛乳 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 牛奶 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 牛奶 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 牛奶 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 牛奶 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 牛奶 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 牛奶 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 牛奶 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 牛奶 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 牛奶 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 牛奶 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 牛奶 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 牛奶 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 牛奶 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 牛奶 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 牛奶 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 牛奶 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 牛奶 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 牛奶 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 牛奶 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 牛奶 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 牛奶 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 牛奶 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 牛奶 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 牛奶 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 牛奶 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 牛奶 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 牛奶 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 牛奶 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 牛奶 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 牛奶 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 牛奶 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 牛唧唧 childish |

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 牛乳(ぎゅうにゅう) (gyūnyū)
* → Korean: 우유(牛乳) (uyu)

#### See also

* 鹹牛奶／咸牛奶

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngiù-nen
    (Hailu, HRS): ngiu nen$^ˇ$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gû-ni / gû-lin / gû-leng
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiù-nen
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiu$^ˇ$ nen
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiu$^2$ nen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯u¹¹ nen⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiu nen$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiu⁵⁵ nen¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Tainan, Magong, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû-ni
*** Tâi-lô: gû-ni
*** Phofsit Daibuun: guny
*** IPA (Singapore): /ɡu²⁴⁻²¹ ni⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Tainan): /ɡu²⁴⁻³³ nĩ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡu²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû-lin
*** Tâi-lô: gû-lin
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gulyn
*** IPA (Kinmen): /ɡu²⁴⁻¹² lin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang, Jinjiang, Philippines): /ɡu²⁴⁻²² lin³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Taichung, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû-leng
*** Tâi-lô: gû-ling
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gulefng
*** IPA (Penang): /ɡu²³⁻²¹ leŋ³³/
*** IPA (Yilan): /ɡu²⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡu²³⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡu¹³⁻²² liɪŋ⁴⁴/

#### Noun

牛乳
* (Hakka, Hokkien) Alternative form of 牛奶 (“cow's milk”)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 牛 | 乳 |
| ぎゅう Grade: 2 | にゅう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぎゅうにゅう [gyùúnyúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡʲɨːɲ̟ɨː]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

牛(ぎゅう)乳(にゅう) • (gyūnyū)
* cow's milk

#### Synonyms

* ミルク (miruku)

#### Derived terms

* 牛(ぎゅう)乳(にゅう)屋(や) (gyūnyūya)

#### Related terms

* お乳(ちち) (ochichi): mother's milk
* 母(ぼ)乳(にゅう) (bonyū)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 牛 | 乳 |

### Noun

牛乳 • (uyu) (hangeul 우유)
* hanja form of 우유 (“milk”)