# khumbula
## Swazi
### Verb

-khúmbúla
* to remember

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Tsonga
### Verb

khumbula
* to remember

## Xhosa
### Verb

-khúmbúla
* to miss
* to remember

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Verb

-khumbúla
* (transitive) to remember, to recall, to recollect, to call to mind
* (transitive) to keep in mind
* (transitive) to miss (feel absence of)

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukukhumbula |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukukhumbula | ukungakhumbuli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | khumbula | -khumbule |
| Plural | khumbulani | -khumbuleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyakhumbula, ngikhumbula | engikhumbulayo, engikhumbula | ngikhumbula | angikhumbuli | engingakhumbuli | ngingakhumbuli |
| 2nd singular | uyakhumbula, ukhumbula | okhumbulayo, okhumbula | ukhumbula | awukhumbuli | ongakhumbuli | ungakhumbuli |
| 1st plural | siyakhumbula, sikhumbula | esikhumbulayo, esikhumbula | sikhumbula | asikhumbuli | esingakhumbuli | singakhumbuli |
| 2nd plural | niyakhumbula, nikhumbula | enikhumbulayo, enikhumbula | nikhumbula | anikhumbuli | eningakhumbuli | ningakhumbuli |
| Class 1 | uyakhumbula, ukhumbula | okhumbulayo, okhumbula | ekhumbula | akakhumbuli | ongakhumbuli | engakhumbuli |
| Class 2 | bayakhumbula, bakhumbula | abakhumbulayo, abakhumbula | bekhumbula | abakhumbuli | abangakhumbuli | bengakhumbuli |
| Class 3 | uyakhumbula, ukhumbula | okhumbulayo, okhumbula | ukhumbula | awukhumbuli | ongakhumbuli | ungakhumbuli |
| Class 4 | iyakhumbula, ikhumbula | ekhumbulayo, ekhumbula | ikhumbula | ayikhumbuli | engakhumbuli | ingakhumbuli |
| Class 5 | liyakhumbula, likhumbula | elikhumbulayo, elikhumbula | likhumbula | alikhumbuli | elingakhumbuli | lingakhumbuli |
| Class 6 | ayakhumbula, akhumbula | akhumbulayo, akhumbula | ekhumbula | awakhumbuli | angakhumbuli | engakhumbuli |
| Class 7 | siyakhumbula, sikhumbula | esikhumbulayo, esikhumbula | sikhumbula | asikhumbuli | esingakhumbuli | singakhumbuli |
| Class 8 | ziyakhumbula, zikhumbula | ezikhumbulayo, ezikhumbula | zikhumbula | azikhumbuli | ezingakhumbuli | zingakhumbuli |
| Class 9 | iyakhumbula, ikhumbula | ekhumbulayo, ekhumbula | ikhumbula | ayikhumbuli | engakhumbuli | ingakhumbuli |
| Class 10 | ziyakhumbula, zikhumbula | ezikhumbulayo, ezikhumbula | zikhumbula | azikhumbuli | ezingakhumbuli | zingakhumbuli |
| Class 11 | luyakhumbula, lukhumbula | olukhumbulayo, olukhumbula | lukhumbula | alukhumbuli | olungakhumbuli | lungakhumbuli |
| Class 14 | buyakhumbula, bukhumbula | obukhumbulayo, obukhumbula | bukhumbula | abukhumbuli | obungakhumbuli | bungakhumbuli |
| Class 15 | kuyakhumbula, kukhumbula | okukhumbulayo, okukhumbula | kukhumbula | akukhumbuli | okungakhumbuli | kungakhumbuli |
| Class 17 | kuyakhumbula, kukhumbula | okukhumbulayo, okukhumbula | kukhumbula | akukhumbuli | okungakhumbuli | kungakhumbuli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngikhumbulile, ngikhumbulē | engikhumbulile, engikhumbulē | ngikhumbulile, ngikhumbulē | angikhumbulanga | engingakhumbulanga | ngingakhumbulanga |
| 2nd singular | ukhumbulile, ukhumbulē | okhumbulile, okhumbulē | ukhumbulile, ukhumbulē | awukhumbulanga | ongakhumbulanga | ungakhumbulanga |
| 1st plural | sikhumbulile, sikhumbulē | esikhumbulile, esikhumbulē | sikhumbulile, sikhumbulē | asikhumbulanga | esingakhumbulanga | singakhumbulanga |
| 2nd plural | nikhumbulile, nikhumbulē | enikhumbulile, enikhumbulē | nikhumbulile, nikhumbulē | anikhumbulanga | eningakhumbulanga | ningakhumbulanga |
| Class 1 | ukhumbulile, ukhumbulē | okhumbulile, okhumbulē | ekhumbulile, ekhumbulē | akakhumbulanga | ongakhumbulanga | engakhumbulanga |
| Class 2 | bakhumbulile, bakhumbulē | abakhumbulile, abakhumbulē | bekhumbulile, bekhumbulē | abakhumbulanga | abangakhumbulanga | bengakhumbulanga |
| Class 3 | ukhumbulile, ukhumbulē | okhumbulile, okhumbulē | ukhumbulile, ukhumbulē | awukhumbulanga | ongakhumbulanga | ungakhumbulanga |
| Class 4 | ikhumbulile, ikhumbulē | ekhumbulile, ekhumbulē | ikhumbulile, ikhumbulē | ayikhumbulanga | engakhumbulanga | ingakhumbulanga |
| Class 5 | likhumbulile, likhumbulē | elikhumbulile, elikhumbulē | likhumbulile, likhumbulē | alikhumbulanga | elingakhumbulanga | lingakhumbulanga |
| Class 6 | akhumbulile, akhumbulē | akhumbulile, akhumbulē | ekhumbulile, ekhumbulē | awakhumbulanga | angakhumbulanga | engakhumbulanga |
| Class 7 | sikhumbulile, sikhumbulē | esikhumbulile, esikhumbulē | sikhumbulile, sikhumbulē | asikhumbulanga | esingakhumbulanga | singakhumbulanga |
| Class 8 | zikhumbulile, zikhumbulē | ezikhumbulile, ezikhumbulē | zikhumbulile, zikhumbulē | azikhumbulanga | ezingakhumbulanga | zingakhumbulanga |
| Class 9 | ikhumbulile, ikhumbulē | ekhumbulile, ekhumbulē | ikhumbulile, ikhumbulē | ayikhumbulanga | engakhumbulanga | ingakhumbulanga |
| Class 10 | zikhumbulile, zikhumbulē | ezikhumbulile, ezikhumbulē | zikhumbulile, zikhumbulē | azikhumbulanga | ezingakhumbulanga | zingakhumbulanga |
| Class 11 | lukhumbulile, lukhumbulē | olukhumbulile, olukhumbulē | lukhumbulile, lukhumbulē | alukhumbulanga | olungakhumbulanga | lungakhumbulanga |
| Class 14 | bukhumbulile, bukhumbulē | obukhumbulile, obukhumbulē | bukhumbulile, bukhumbulē | abukhumbulanga | obungakhumbulanga | bungakhumbulanga |
| Class 15 | kukhumbulile, kukhumbulē | okukhumbulile, okukhumbulē | kukhumbulile, kukhumbulē | akukhumbulanga | okungakhumbulanga | kungakhumbulanga |
| Class 17 | kukhumbulile, kukhumbulē | okukhumbulile, okukhumbulē | kukhumbulile, kukhumbulē | akukhumbulanga | okungakhumbulanga | kungakhumbulanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngākhumbula | engākhumbula | ngākhumbula | angikhumbulanga | engingakhumbulanga | ngingakhumbulanga |
| 2nd singular | wākhumbula | owākhumbula | wākhumbula | awukhumbulanga | ongakhumbulanga | ungakhumbulanga |
| 1st plural | sākhumbula | esākhumbula | sākhumbula | asikhumbulanga | esingakhumbulanga | singakhumbulanga |
| 2nd plural | nākhumbula | enākhumbula | nākhumbula | anikhumbulanga | eningakhumbulanga | ningakhumbulanga |
| Class 1 | wākhumbula | owākhumbula | ākhumbula | akakhumbulanga | ongakhumbulanga | engakhumbulanga |
| Class 2 | bākhumbula | abākhumbula | bākhumbula | abakhumbulanga | abangakhumbulanga | bengakhumbulanga |
| Class 3 | wākhumbula | owākhumbula | wākhumbula | awukhumbulanga | ongakhumbulanga | ungakhumbulanga |
| Class 4 | yākhumbula | eyākhumbula | yākhumbula | ayikhumbulanga | engakhumbulanga | ingakhumbulanga |
| Class 5 | lākhumbula | elākhumbula | lākhumbula | alikhumbulanga | elingakhumbulanga | lingakhumbulanga |
| Class 6 | ākhumbula | ākhumbula | ākhumbula | awakhumbulanga | angakhumbulanga | engakhumbulanga |
| Class 7 | sākhumbula | esākhumbula | sākhumbula | asikhumbulanga | esingakhumbulanga | singakhumbulanga |
| Class 8 | zākhumbula | ezākhumbula | zākhumbula | azikhumbulanga | ezingakhumbulanga | zingakhumbulanga |
| Class 9 | yākhumbula | eyākhumbula | yākhumbula | ayikhumbulanga | engakhumbulanga | ingakhumbulanga |
| Class 10 | zākhumbula | ezākhumbula | zākhumbula | azikhumbulanga | ezingakhumbulanga | zingakhumbulanga |
| Class 11 | lwākhumbula | olwākhumbula | lwākhumbula | alukhumbulanga | olungakhumbulanga | lungakhumbulanga |
| Class 14 | bākhumbula | obākhumbula | bākhumbula | abukhumbulanga | obungakhumbulanga | bungakhumbulanga |
| Class 15 | kwākhumbula | okwākhumbula | kwākhumbula | akukhumbulanga | okungakhumbulanga | kungakhumbulanga |
| Class 17 | kwākhumbula | okwākhumbula | kwākhumbula | akukhumbulanga | okungakhumbulanga | kungakhumbulanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingakhumbula | — | ngingakhumbula | ngingekhumbule | — | ngingekhumbule |
| 2nd singular | ungakhumbula | — | ungakhumbula | ungekhumbule | — | ungekhumbule |
| 1st plural | singakhumbula | — | singakhumbula | singekhumbule | — | singekhumbule |
| 2nd plural | ningakhumbula | — | ningakhumbula | ningekhumbule | — | ningekhumbule |
| Class 1 | angakhumbula | — | engakhumbula | angekhumbule | — | engekhumbule |
| Class 2 | bangakhumbula | — | bengakhumbula | bangekhumbule | — | bengekhumbule |
| Class 3 | ungakhumbula | — | ungakhumbula | ungekhumbule | — | ungekhumbule |
| Class 4 | ingakhumbula | — | ingakhumbula | ingekhumbule | — | ingekhumbule |
| Class 5 | lingakhumbula | — | lingakhumbula | lingekhumbule | — | lingekhumbule |
| Class 6 | angakhumbula | — | engakhumbula | angekhumbule | — | engekhumbule |
| Class 7 | singakhumbula | — | singakhumbula | singekhumbule | — | singekhumbule |
| Class 8 | zingakhumbula | — | zingakhumbula | zingekhumbule | — | zingekhumbule |
| Class 9 | ingakhumbula | — | ingakhumbula | ingekhumbule | — | ingekhumbule |
| Class 10 | zingakhumbula | — | zingakhumbula | zingekhumbule | — | zingekhumbule |
| Class 11 | lungakhumbula | — | lungakhumbula | lungekhumbule | — | lungekhumbule |
| Class 14 | bungakhumbula | — | bungakhumbula | bungekhumbule | — | bungekhumbule |
| Class 15 | kungakhumbula | — | kungakhumbula | kungekhumbule | — | kungekhumbule |
| Class 17 | kungakhumbula | — | kungakhumbula | kungekhumbule | — | kungekhumbule |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizokhumbula | engizokhumbula | ngizokhumbula | angizukhumbula | engingezukhumbula | ngingezukhumbula |
| 2nd singular | uzokhumbula | ozokhumbula | uzokhumbula | awuzukhumbula | ongezukhumbula | ungezukhumbula |
| 1st plural | sizokhumbula | esizokhumbula | sizokhumbula | asizukhumbula | esingezukhumbula | singezukhumbula |
| 2nd plural | nizokhumbula | enizokhumbula | nizokhumbula | anizukhumbula | eningezukhumbula | ningezukhumbula |
| Class 1 | uzokhumbula | ozokhumbula | ezokhumbula | akazukhumbula | ongezukhumbula | engezukhumbula |
| Class 2 | bazokhumbula | abazokhumbula | bezokhumbula | abazukhumbula | abangezukhumbula | bengezukhumbula |
| Class 3 | uzokhumbula | ozokhumbula | uzokhumbula | awuzukhumbula | ongezukhumbula | ungezukhumbula |
| Class 4 | izokhumbula | ezokhumbula | izokhumbula | ayizukhumbula | engezukhumbula | ingezukhumbula |
| Class 5 | lizokhumbula | elizokhumbula | lizokhumbula | alizukhumbula | elingezukhumbula | lingezukhumbula |
| Class 6 | azokhumbula | azokhumbula | ezokhumbula | awazukhumbula | angezukhumbula | engezukhumbula |
| Class 7 | sizokhumbula | esizokhumbula | sizokhumbula | asizukhumbula | esingezukhumbula | singezukhumbula |
| Class 8 | zizokhumbula | ezizokhumbula | zizokhumbula | azizukhumbula | ezingezukhumbula | zingezukhumbula |
| Class 9 | izokhumbula | ezokhumbula | izokhumbula | ayizukhumbula | engezukhumbula | ingezukhumbula |
| Class 10 | zizokhumbula | ezizokhumbula | zizokhumbula | azizukhumbula | ezingezukhumbula | zingezukhumbula |
| Class 11 | luzokhumbula | oluzokhumbula | luzokhumbula | aluzukhumbula | olungezukhumbula | lungezukhumbula |
| Class 14 | buzokhumbula | obuzokhumbula | buzokhumbula | abuzukhumbula | obungezukhumbula | bungezukhumbula |
| Class 15 | kuzokhumbula | okuzokhumbula | kuzokhumbula | akuzukhumbula | okungezukhumbula | kungezukhumbula |
| Class 17 | kuzokhumbula | okuzokhumbula | kuzokhumbula | akuzukhumbula | okungezukhumbula | kungezukhumbula |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyokhumbula | engiyokhumbula | ngiyokhumbula | angiyukhumbula | engingeyukhumbula | ngingeyukhumbula |
| 2nd singular | uyokhumbula | oyokhumbula | uyokhumbula | awuyukhumbula | ongeyukhumbula | ungeyukhumbula |
| 1st plural | siyokhumbula | esiyokhumbula | siyokhumbula | asiyukhumbula | esingeyukhumbula | singeyukhumbula |
| 2nd plural | niyokhumbula | eniyokhumbula | niyokhumbula | aniyukhumbula | eningeyukhumbula | ningeyukhumbula |
| Class 1 | uyokhumbula | oyokhumbula | eyokhumbula | akayukhumbula | ongeyukhumbula | engeyukhumbula |
| Class 2 | bayokhumbula | abayokhumbula | beyokhumbula | abayukhumbula | abangeyukhumbula | bengeyukhumbula |
| Class 3 | uyokhumbula | oyokhumbula | uyokhumbula | awuyukhumbula | ongeyukhumbula | ungeyukhumbula |
| Class 4 | iyokhumbula | eyokhumbula | iyokhumbula | ayiyukhumbula | engeyukhumbula | ingeyukhumbula |
| Class 5 | liyokhumbula | eliyokhumbula | liyokhumbula | aliyukhumbula | elingeyukhumbula | lingeyukhumbula |
| Class 6 | ayokhumbula | ayokhumbula | eyokhumbula | awayukhumbula | angeyukhumbula | engeyukhumbula |
| Class 7 | siyokhumbula | esiyokhumbula | siyokhumbula | asiyukhumbula | esingeyukhumbula | singeyukhumbula |
| Class 8 | ziyokhumbula | eziyokhumbula | ziyokhumbula | aziyukhumbula | ezingeyukhumbula | zingeyukhumbula |
| Class 9 | iyokhumbula | eyokhumbula | iyokhumbula | ayiyukhumbula | engeyukhumbula | ingeyukhumbula |
| Class 10 | ziyokhumbula | eziyokhumbula | ziyokhumbula | aziyukhumbula | ezingeyukhumbula | zingeyukhumbula |
| Class 11 | luyokhumbula | oluyokhumbula | luyokhumbula | aluyukhumbula | olungeyukhumbula | lungeyukhumbula |
| Class 14 | buyokhumbula | obuyokhumbula | buyokhumbula | abuyukhumbula | obungeyukhumbula | bungeyukhumbula |
| Class 15 | kuyokhumbula | okuyokhumbula | kuyokhumbula | akuyukhumbula | okungeyukhumbula | kungeyukhumbula |
| Class 17 | kuyokhumbula | okuyokhumbula | kuyokhumbula | akuyukhumbula | okungeyukhumbula | kungeyukhumbula |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngikhumbule | ngingakhumbuli |
| 2nd singular | ukhumbule | ungakhumbuli |
| 1st plural | sikhumbule | singakhumbuli |
| 2nd plural | nikhumbule | ningakhumbuli |
| Class 1 | akhumbule | angakhumbuli |
| Class 2 | bakhumbule | bangakhumbuli |
| Class 3 | ukhumbule | ungakhumbuli |
| Class 4 | ikhumbule | ingakhumbuli |
| Class 5 | likhumbule | lingakhumbuli |
| Class 6 | akhumbule | angakhumbuli |
| Class 7 | sikhumbule | singakhumbuli |
| Class 8 | zikhumbule | zingakhumbuli |
| Class 9 | ikhumbule | ingakhumbuli |
| Class 10 | zikhumbule | zingakhumbuli |
| Class 11 | lukhumbule | lungakhumbuli |
| Class 14 | bukhumbule | bungakhumbuli |
| Class 15 | kukhumbule | kungakhumbuli |
| Class 17 | kukhumbule | kungakhumbuli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngakhumbula | ngangakhumbula, angakhumbula, angangakhumbula |
| 2nd singular | wakhumbula | wangakhumbula, awakhumbula, awangakhumbula |
| 1st plural | sakhumbula | sangakhumbula, asakhumbula, asangakhumbula |
| 2nd plural | nakhumbula | nangakhumbula, anakhumbula, anangakhumbula |
| Class 1 | wakhumbula | wangakhumbula, akakhumbula, akangakhumbula |
| Class 2 | bakhumbula | bangakhumbula, abakhumbula, abangakhumbula |
| Class 3 | wakhumbula | wangakhumbula, awakhumbula, awangakhumbula |
| Class 4 | yakhumbula | yangakhumbula, ayakhumbula, ayangakhumbula |
| Class 5 | lakhumbula | langakhumbula, alakhumbula, alangakhumbula |
| Class 6 | akhumbula | angakhumbula, awakhumbula, awangakhumbula |
| Class 7 | sakhumbula | sangakhumbula, asakhumbula, asangakhumbula |
| Class 8 | zakhumbula | zangakhumbula, azakhumbula, azangakhumbula |
| Class 9 | yakhumbula | yangakhumbula, ayakhumbula, ayangakhumbula |
| Class 10 | zakhumbula | zangakhumbula, azakhumbula, azangakhumbula |
| Class 11 | lwakhumbula | lwangakhumbula, alwakhumbula, alwangakhumbula |
| Class 14 | bakhumbula | bangakhumbula, abakhumbula, abangakhumbula |
| Class 15 | kwakhumbula | kwangakhumbula, akwakhumbula, akwangakhumbula |
| Class 17 | kwakhumbula | kwangakhumbula, akwakhumbula, akwangakhumbula |

#### Derived terms

* inkumbulo

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “khumbula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “khumbula (3.2.9)”