# cwila
## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǀwiːla/

### Verb

-cwila
* (intransitive) to dive

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukucwila |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukucwila | ukungacwili |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | cwila | -cwile |
| Plural | cwilani | -cwileni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyacwila, ngicwila | engicwilayo, engicwila | ngicwila | angicwili | engingacwili | ngingacwili |
| 2nd singular | uyacwila, ucwila | ocwilayo, ocwila | ucwila | awucwili | ongacwili | ungacwili |
| 1st plural | siyacwila, sicwila | esicwilayo, esicwila | sicwila | asicwili | esingacwili | singacwili |
| 2nd plural | niyacwila, nicwila | enicwilayo, enicwila | nicwila | anicwili | eningacwili | ningacwili |
| Class 1 | uyacwila, ucwila | ocwilayo, ocwila | ecwila | akacwili | ongacwili | engacwili |
| Class 2 | bayacwila, bacwila | abacwilayo, abacwila | becwila | abacwili | abangacwili | bengacwili |
| Class 3 | uyacwila, ucwila | ocwilayo, ocwila | ucwila | awucwili | ongacwili | ungacwili |
| Class 4 | iyacwila, icwila | ecwilayo, ecwila | icwila | ayicwili | engacwili | ingacwili |
| Class 5 | liyacwila, licwila | elicwilayo, elicwila | licwila | alicwili | elingacwili | lingacwili |
| Class 6 | ayacwila, acwila | acwilayo, acwila | ecwila | awacwili | angacwili | engacwili |
| Class 7 | siyacwila, sicwila | esicwilayo, esicwila | sicwila | asicwili | esingacwili | singacwili |
| Class 8 | ziyacwila, zicwila | ezicwilayo, ezicwila | zicwila | azicwili | ezingacwili | zingacwili |
| Class 9 | iyacwila, icwila | ecwilayo, ecwila | icwila | ayicwili | engacwili | ingacwili |
| Class 10 | ziyacwila, zicwila | ezicwilayo, ezicwila | zicwila | azicwili | ezingacwili | zingacwili |
| Class 11 | luyacwila, lucwila | olucwilayo, olucwila | lucwila | alucwili | olungacwili | lungacwili |
| Class 14 | buyacwila, bucwila | obucwilayo, obucwila | bucwila | abucwili | obungacwili | bungacwili |
| Class 15 | kuyacwila, kucwila | okucwilayo, okucwila | kucwila | akucwili | okungacwili | kungacwili |
| Class 17 | kuyacwila, kucwila | okucwilayo, okucwila | kucwila | akucwili | okungacwili | kungacwili |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngicwilile, ngicwilē | engicwilile, engicwilē | ngicwilile, ngicwilē | angicwilanga | engingacwilanga | ngingacwilanga |
| 2nd singular | ucwilile, ucwilē | ocwilile, ocwilē | ucwilile, ucwilē | awucwilanga | ongacwilanga | ungacwilanga |
| 1st plural | sicwilile, sicwilē | esicwilile, esicwilē | sicwilile, sicwilē | asicwilanga | esingacwilanga | singacwilanga |
| 2nd plural | nicwilile, nicwilē | enicwilile, enicwilē | nicwilile, nicwilē | anicwilanga | eningacwilanga | ningacwilanga |
| Class 1 | ucwilile, ucwilē | ocwilile, ocwilē | ecwilile, ecwilē | akacwilanga | ongacwilanga | engacwilanga |
| Class 2 | bacwilile, bacwilē | abacwilile, abacwilē | becwilile, becwilē | abacwilanga | abangacwilanga | bengacwilanga |
| Class 3 | ucwilile, ucwilē | ocwilile, ocwilē | ucwilile, ucwilē | awucwilanga | ongacwilanga | ungacwilanga |
| Class 4 | icwilile, icwilē | ecwilile, ecwilē | icwilile, icwilē | ayicwilanga | engacwilanga | ingacwilanga |
| Class 5 | licwilile, licwilē | elicwilile, elicwilē | licwilile, licwilē | alicwilanga | elingacwilanga | lingacwilanga |
| Class 6 | acwilile, acwilē | acwilile, acwilē | ecwilile, ecwilē | awacwilanga | angacwilanga | engacwilanga |
| Class 7 | sicwilile, sicwilē | esicwilile, esicwilē | sicwilile, sicwilē | asicwilanga | esingacwilanga | singacwilanga |
| Class 8 | zicwilile, zicwilē | ezicwilile, ezicwilē | zicwilile, zicwilē | azicwilanga | ezingacwilanga | zingacwilanga |
| Class 9 | icwilile, icwilē | ecwilile, ecwilē | icwilile, icwilē | ayicwilanga | engacwilanga | ingacwilanga |
| Class 10 | zicwilile, zicwilē | ezicwilile, ezicwilē | zicwilile, zicwilē | azicwilanga | ezingacwilanga | zingacwilanga |
| Class 11 | lucwilile, lucwilē | olucwilile, olucwilē | lucwilile, lucwilē | alucwilanga | olungacwilanga | lungacwilanga |
| Class 14 | bucwilile, bucwilē | obucwilile, obucwilē | bucwilile, bucwilē | abucwilanga | obungacwilanga | bungacwilanga |
| Class 15 | kucwilile, kucwilē | okucwilile, okucwilē | kucwilile, kucwilē | akucwilanga | okungacwilanga | kungacwilanga |
| Class 17 | kucwilile, kucwilē | okucwilile, okucwilē | kucwilile, kucwilē | akucwilanga | okungacwilanga | kungacwilanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngācwila | engācwila | ngācwila | angicwilanga | engingacwilanga | ngingacwilanga |
| 2nd singular | wācwila | owācwila | wācwila | awucwilanga | ongacwilanga | ungacwilanga |
| 1st plural | sācwila | esācwila | sācwila | asicwilanga | esingacwilanga | singacwilanga |
| 2nd plural | nācwila | enācwila | nācwila | anicwilanga | eningacwilanga | ningacwilanga |
| Class 1 | wācwila | owācwila | ācwila | akacwilanga | ongacwilanga | engacwilanga |
| Class 2 | bācwila | abācwila | bācwila | abacwilanga | abangacwilanga | bengacwilanga |
| Class 3 | wācwila | owācwila | wācwila | awucwilanga | ongacwilanga | ungacwilanga |
| Class 4 | yācwila | eyācwila | yācwila | ayicwilanga | engacwilanga | ingacwilanga |
| Class 5 | lācwila | elācwila | lācwila | alicwilanga | elingacwilanga | lingacwilanga |
| Class 6 | ācwila | ācwila | ācwila | awacwilanga | angacwilanga | engacwilanga |
| Class 7 | sācwila | esācwila | sācwila | asicwilanga | esingacwilanga | singacwilanga |
| Class 8 | zācwila | ezācwila | zācwila | azicwilanga | ezingacwilanga | zingacwilanga |
| Class 9 | yācwila | eyācwila | yācwila | ayicwilanga | engacwilanga | ingacwilanga |
| Class 10 | zācwila | ezācwila | zācwila | azicwilanga | ezingacwilanga | zingacwilanga |
| Class 11 | lwācwila | olwācwila | lwācwila | alucwilanga | olungacwilanga | lungacwilanga |
| Class 14 | bācwila | obācwila | bācwila | abucwilanga | obungacwilanga | bungacwilanga |
| Class 15 | kwācwila | okwācwila | kwācwila | akucwilanga | okungacwilanga | kungacwilanga |
| Class 17 | kwācwila | okwācwila | kwācwila | akucwilanga | okungacwilanga | kungacwilanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingacwila | — | ngingacwila | ngingecwile | — | ngingecwile |
| 2nd singular | ungacwila | — | ungacwila | ungecwile | — | ungecwile |
| 1st plural | singacwila | — | singacwila | singecwile | — | singecwile |
| 2nd plural | ningacwila | — | ningacwila | ningecwile | — | ningecwile |
| Class 1 | angacwila | — | engacwila | angecwile | — | engecwile |
| Class 2 | bangacwila | — | bengacwila | bangecwile | — | bengecwile |
| Class 3 | ungacwila | — | ungacwila | ungecwile | — | ungecwile |
| Class 4 | ingacwila | — | ingacwila | ingecwile | — | ingecwile |
| Class 5 | lingacwila | — | lingacwila | lingecwile | — | lingecwile |
| Class 6 | angacwila | — | engacwila | angecwile | — | engecwile |
| Class 7 | singacwila | — | singacwila | singecwile | — | singecwile |
| Class 8 | zingacwila | — | zingacwila | zingecwile | — | zingecwile |
| Class 9 | ingacwila | — | ingacwila | ingecwile | — | ingecwile |
| Class 10 | zingacwila | — | zingacwila | zingecwile | — | zingecwile |
| Class 11 | lungacwila | — | lungacwila | lungecwile | — | lungecwile |
| Class 14 | bungacwila | — | bungacwila | bungecwile | — | bungecwile |
| Class 15 | kungacwila | — | kungacwila | kungecwile | — | kungecwile |
| Class 17 | kungacwila | — | kungacwila | kungecwile | — | kungecwile |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizocwila | engizocwila | ngizocwila | angizucwila | engingezucwila | ngingezucwila |
| 2nd singular | uzocwila | ozocwila | uzocwila | awuzucwila | ongezucwila | ungezucwila |
| 1st plural | sizocwila | esizocwila | sizocwila | asizucwila | esingezucwila | singezucwila |
| 2nd plural | nizocwila | enizocwila | nizocwila | anizucwila | eningezucwila | ningezucwila |
| Class 1 | uzocwila | ozocwila | ezocwila | akazucwila | ongezucwila | engezucwila |
| Class 2 | bazocwila | abazocwila | bezocwila | abazucwila | abangezucwila | bengezucwila |
| Class 3 | uzocwila | ozocwila | uzocwila | awuzucwila | ongezucwila | ungezucwila |
| Class 4 | izocwila | ezocwila | izocwila | ayizucwila | engezucwila | ingezucwila |
| Class 5 | lizocwila | elizocwila | lizocwila | alizucwila | elingezucwila | lingezucwila |
| Class 6 | azocwila | azocwila | ezocwila | awazucwila | angezucwila | engezucwila |
| Class 7 | sizocwila | esizocwila | sizocwila | asizucwila | esingezucwila | singezucwila |
| Class 8 | zizocwila | ezizocwila | zizocwila | azizucwila | ezingezucwila | zingezucwila |
| Class 9 | izocwila | ezocwila | izocwila | ayizucwila | engezucwila | ingezucwila |
| Class 10 | zizocwila | ezizocwila | zizocwila | azizucwila | ezingezucwila | zingezucwila |
| Class 11 | luzocwila | oluzocwila | luzocwila | aluzucwila | olungezucwila | lungezucwila |
| Class 14 | buzocwila | obuzocwila | buzocwila | abuzucwila | obungezucwila | bungezucwila |
| Class 15 | kuzocwila | okuzocwila | kuzocwila | akuzucwila | okungezucwila | kungezucwila |
| Class 17 | kuzocwila | okuzocwila | kuzocwila | akuzucwila | okungezucwila | kungezucwila |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyocwila | engiyocwila | ngiyocwila | angiyucwila | engingeyucwila | ngingeyucwila |
| 2nd singular | uyocwila | oyocwila | uyocwila | awuyucwila | ongeyucwila | ungeyucwila |
| 1st plural | siyocwila | esiyocwila | siyocwila | asiyucwila | esingeyucwila | singeyucwila |
| 2nd plural | niyocwila | eniyocwila | niyocwila | aniyucwila | eningeyucwila | ningeyucwila |
| Class 1 | uyocwila | oyocwila | eyocwila | akayucwila | ongeyucwila | engeyucwila |
| Class 2 | bayocwila | abayocwila | beyocwila | abayucwila | abangeyucwila | bengeyucwila |
| Class 3 | uyocwila | oyocwila | uyocwila | awuyucwila | ongeyucwila | ungeyucwila |
| Class 4 | iyocwila | eyocwila | iyocwila | ayiyucwila | engeyucwila | ingeyucwila |
| Class 5 | liyocwila | eliyocwila | liyocwila | aliyucwila | elingeyucwila | lingeyucwila |
| Class 6 | ayocwila | ayocwila | eyocwila | awayucwila | angeyucwila | engeyucwila |
| Class 7 | siyocwila | esiyocwila | siyocwila | asiyucwila | esingeyucwila | singeyucwila |
| Class 8 | ziyocwila | eziyocwila | ziyocwila | aziyucwila | ezingeyucwila | zingeyucwila |
| Class 9 | iyocwila | eyocwila | iyocwila | ayiyucwila | engeyucwila | ingeyucwila |
| Class 10 | ziyocwila | eziyocwila | ziyocwila | aziyucwila | ezingeyucwila | zingeyucwila |
| Class 11 | luyocwila | oluyocwila | luyocwila | aluyucwila | olungeyucwila | lungeyucwila |
| Class 14 | buyocwila | obuyocwila | buyocwila | abuyucwila | obungeyucwila | bungeyucwila |
| Class 15 | kuyocwila | okuyocwila | kuyocwila | akuyucwila | okungeyucwila | kungeyucwila |
| Class 17 | kuyocwila | okuyocwila | kuyocwila | akuyucwila | okungeyucwila | kungeyucwila |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngicwile | ngingacwili |
| 2nd singular | ucwile | ungacwili |
| 1st plural | sicwile | singacwili |
| 2nd plural | nicwile | ningacwili |
| Class 1 | acwile | angacwili |
| Class 2 | bacwile | bangacwili |
| Class 3 | ucwile | ungacwili |
| Class 4 | icwile | ingacwili |
| Class 5 | licwile | lingacwili |
| Class 6 | acwile | angacwili |
| Class 7 | sicwile | singacwili |
| Class 8 | zicwile | zingacwili |
| Class 9 | icwile | ingacwili |
| Class 10 | zicwile | zingacwili |
| Class 11 | lucwile | lungacwili |
| Class 14 | bucwile | bungacwili |
| Class 15 | kucwile | kungacwili |
| Class 17 | kucwile | kungacwili |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngacwila | ngangacwila, angacwila, angangacwila |
| 2nd singular | wacwila | wangacwila, awacwila, awangacwila |
| 1st plural | sacwila | sangacwila, asacwila, asangacwila |
| 2nd plural | nacwila | nangacwila, anacwila, anangacwila |
| Class 1 | wacwila | wangacwila, akacwila, akangacwila |
| Class 2 | bacwila | bangacwila, abacwila, abangacwila |
| Class 3 | wacwila | wangacwila, awacwila, awangacwila |
| Class 4 | yacwila | yangacwila, ayacwila, ayangacwila |
| Class 5 | lacwila | langacwila, alacwila, alangacwila |
| Class 6 | acwila | angacwila, awacwila, awangacwila |
| Class 7 | sacwila | sangacwila, asacwila, asangacwila |
| Class 8 | zacwila | zangacwila, azacwila, azangacwila |
| Class 9 | yacwila | yangacwila, ayacwila, ayangacwila |
| Class 10 | zacwila | zangacwila, azacwila, azangacwila |
| Class 11 | lwacwila | lwangacwila, alwacwila, alwangacwila |
| Class 14 | bacwila | bangacwila, abacwila, abangacwila |
| Class 15 | kwacwila | kwangacwila, akwacwila, akwangacwila |
| Class 17 | kwacwila | kwangacwila, akwacwila, akwangacwila |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “cwila”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “cwila (6.3)”