# thunga
## Xhosa
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́nga.

### Verb

-thûnga
* (transitive) to sew

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́nga.

### Verb

-thunga
* to sew

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuthunga |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuthunga | ukungathungi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | thunga | -thunge |
| Plural | thungani | -thungeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyathunga, ngithunga | engithungayo, engithunga | ngithunga | angithungi | engingathungi | ngingathungi |
| 2nd singular | uyathunga, uthunga | othungayo, othunga | uthunga | awuthungi | ongathungi | ungathungi |
| 1st plural | siyathunga, sithunga | esithungayo, esithunga | sithunga | asithungi | esingathungi | singathungi |
| 2nd plural | niyathunga, nithunga | enithungayo, enithunga | nithunga | anithungi | eningathungi | ningathungi |
| Class 1 | uyathunga, uthunga | othungayo, othunga | ethunga | akathungi | ongathungi | engathungi |
| Class 2 | bayathunga, bathunga | abathungayo, abathunga | bethunga | abathungi | abangathungi | bengathungi |
| Class 3 | uyathunga, uthunga | othungayo, othunga | uthunga | awuthungi | ongathungi | ungathungi |
| Class 4 | iyathunga, ithunga | ethungayo, ethunga | ithunga | ayithungi | engathungi | ingathungi |
| Class 5 | liyathunga, lithunga | elithungayo, elithunga | lithunga | alithungi | elingathungi | lingathungi |
| Class 6 | ayathunga, athunga | athungayo, athunga | ethunga | awathungi | angathungi | engathungi |
| Class 7 | siyathunga, sithunga | esithungayo, esithunga | sithunga | asithungi | esingathungi | singathungi |
| Class 8 | ziyathunga, zithunga | ezithungayo, ezithunga | zithunga | azithungi | ezingathungi | zingathungi |
| Class 9 | iyathunga, ithunga | ethungayo, ethunga | ithunga | ayithungi | engathungi | ingathungi |
| Class 10 | ziyathunga, zithunga | ezithungayo, ezithunga | zithunga | azithungi | ezingathungi | zingathungi |
| Class 11 | luyathunga, luthunga | oluthungayo, oluthunga | luthunga | aluthungi | olungathungi | lungathungi |
| Class 14 | buyathunga, buthunga | obuthungayo, obuthunga | buthunga | abuthungi | obungathungi | bungathungi |
| Class 15 | kuyathunga, kuthunga | okuthungayo, okuthunga | kuthunga | akuthungi | okungathungi | kungathungi |
| Class 17 | kuyathunga, kuthunga | okuthungayo, okuthunga | kuthunga | akuthungi | okungathungi | kungathungi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngithungile, ngithungē | engithungile, engithungē | ngithungile, ngithungē | angithunganga | engingathunganga | ngingathunganga |
| 2nd singular | uthungile, uthungē | othungile, othungē | uthungile, uthungē | awuthunganga | ongathunganga | ungathunganga |
| 1st plural | sithungile, sithungē | esithungile, esithungē | sithungile, sithungē | asithunganga | esingathunganga | singathunganga |
| 2nd plural | nithungile, nithungē | enithungile, enithungē | nithungile, nithungē | anithunganga | eningathunganga | ningathunganga |
| Class 1 | uthungile, uthungē | othungile, othungē | ethungile, ethungē | akathunganga | ongathunganga | engathunganga |
| Class 2 | bathungile, bathungē | abathungile, abathungē | bethungile, bethungē | abathunganga | abangathunganga | bengathunganga |
| Class 3 | uthungile, uthungē | othungile, othungē | uthungile, uthungē | awuthunganga | ongathunganga | ungathunganga |
| Class 4 | ithungile, ithungē | ethungile, ethungē | ithungile, ithungē | ayithunganga | engathunganga | ingathunganga |
| Class 5 | lithungile, lithungē | elithungile, elithungē | lithungile, lithungē | alithunganga | elingathunganga | lingathunganga |
| Class 6 | athungile, athungē | athungile, athungē | ethungile, ethungē | awathunganga | angathunganga | engathunganga |
| Class 7 | sithungile, sithungē | esithungile, esithungē | sithungile, sithungē | asithunganga | esingathunganga | singathunganga |
| Class 8 | zithungile, zithungē | ezithungile, ezithungē | zithungile, zithungē | azithunganga | ezingathunganga | zingathunganga |
| Class 9 | ithungile, ithungē | ethungile, ethungē | ithungile, ithungē | ayithunganga | engathunganga | ingathunganga |
| Class 10 | zithungile, zithungē | ezithungile, ezithungē | zithungile, zithungē | azithunganga | ezingathunganga | zingathunganga |
| Class 11 | luthungile, luthungē | oluthungile, oluthungē | luthungile, luthungē | aluthunganga | olungathunganga | lungathunganga |
| Class 14 | buthungile, buthungē | obuthungile, obuthungē | buthungile, buthungē | abuthunganga | obungathunganga | bungathunganga |
| Class 15 | kuthungile, kuthungē | okuthungile, okuthungē | kuthungile, kuthungē | akuthunganga | okungathunganga | kungathunganga |
| Class 17 | kuthungile, kuthungē | okuthungile, okuthungē | kuthungile, kuthungē | akuthunganga | okungathunganga | kungathunganga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāthunga | engāthunga | ngāthunga | angithunganga | engingathunganga | ngingathunganga |
| 2nd singular | wāthunga | owāthunga | wāthunga | awuthunganga | ongathunganga | ungathunganga |
| 1st plural | sāthunga | esāthunga | sāthunga | asithunganga | esingathunganga | singathunganga |
| 2nd plural | nāthunga | enāthunga | nāthunga | anithunganga | eningathunganga | ningathunganga |
| Class 1 | wāthunga | owāthunga | āthunga | akathunganga | ongathunganga | engathunganga |
| Class 2 | bāthunga | abāthunga | bāthunga | abathunganga | abangathunganga | bengathunganga |
| Class 3 | wāthunga | owāthunga | wāthunga | awuthunganga | ongathunganga | ungathunganga |
| Class 4 | yāthunga | eyāthunga | yāthunga | ayithunganga | engathunganga | ingathunganga |
| Class 5 | lāthunga | elāthunga | lāthunga | alithunganga | elingathunganga | lingathunganga |
| Class 6 | āthunga | āthunga | āthunga | awathunganga | angathunganga | engathunganga |
| Class 7 | sāthunga | esāthunga | sāthunga | asithunganga | esingathunganga | singathunganga |
| Class 8 | zāthunga | ezāthunga | zāthunga | azithunganga | ezingathunganga | zingathunganga |
| Class 9 | yāthunga | eyāthunga | yāthunga | ayithunganga | engathunganga | ingathunganga |
| Class 10 | zāthunga | ezāthunga | zāthunga | azithunganga | ezingathunganga | zingathunganga |
| Class 11 | lwāthunga | olwāthunga | lwāthunga | aluthunganga | olungathunganga | lungathunganga |
| Class 14 | bāthunga | obāthunga | bāthunga | abuthunganga | obungathunganga | bungathunganga |
| Class 15 | kwāthunga | okwāthunga | kwāthunga | akuthunganga | okungathunganga | kungathunganga |
| Class 17 | kwāthunga | okwāthunga | kwāthunga | akuthunganga | okungathunganga | kungathunganga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingathunga | — | ngingathunga | ngingethunge | — | ngingethunge |
| 2nd singular | ungathunga | — | ungathunga | ungethunge | — | ungethunge |
| 1st plural | singathunga | — | singathunga | singethunge | — | singethunge |
| 2nd plural | ningathunga | — | ningathunga | ningethunge | — | ningethunge |
| Class 1 | angathunga | — | engathunga | angethunge | — | engethunge |
| Class 2 | bangathunga | — | bengathunga | bangethunge | — | bengethunge |
| Class 3 | ungathunga | — | ungathunga | ungethunge | — | ungethunge |
| Class 4 | ingathunga | — | ingathunga | ingethunge | — | ingethunge |
| Class 5 | lingathunga | — | lingathunga | lingethunge | — | lingethunge |
| Class 6 | angathunga | — | engathunga | angethunge | — | engethunge |
| Class 7 | singathunga | — | singathunga | singethunge | — | singethunge |
| Class 8 | zingathunga | — | zingathunga | zingethunge | — | zingethunge |
| Class 9 | ingathunga | — | ingathunga | ingethunge | — | ingethunge |
| Class 10 | zingathunga | — | zingathunga | zingethunge | — | zingethunge |
| Class 11 | lungathunga | — | lungathunga | lungethunge | — | lungethunge |
| Class 14 | bungathunga | — | bungathunga | bungethunge | — | bungethunge |
| Class 15 | kungathunga | — | kungathunga | kungethunge | — | kungethunge |
| Class 17 | kungathunga | — | kungathunga | kungethunge | — | kungethunge |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizothunga | engizothunga | ngizothunga | angizuthunga | engingezuthunga | ngingezuthunga |
| 2nd singular | uzothunga | ozothunga | uzothunga | awuzuthunga | ongezuthunga | ungezuthunga |
| 1st plural | sizothunga | esizothunga | sizothunga | asizuthunga | esingezuthunga | singezuthunga |
| 2nd plural | nizothunga | enizothunga | nizothunga | anizuthunga | eningezuthunga | ningezuthunga |
| Class 1 | uzothunga | ozothunga | ezothunga | akazuthunga | ongezuthunga | engezuthunga |
| Class 2 | bazothunga | abazothunga | bezothunga | abazuthunga | abangezuthunga | bengezuthunga |
| Class 3 | uzothunga | ozothunga | uzothunga | awuzuthunga | ongezuthunga | ungezuthunga |
| Class 4 | izothunga | ezothunga | izothunga | ayizuthunga | engezuthunga | ingezuthunga |
| Class 5 | lizothunga | elizothunga | lizothunga | alizuthunga | elingezuthunga | lingezuthunga |
| Class 6 | azothunga | azothunga | ezothunga | awazuthunga | angezuthunga | engezuthunga |
| Class 7 | sizothunga | esizothunga | sizothunga | asizuthunga | esingezuthunga | singezuthunga |
| Class 8 | zizothunga | ezizothunga | zizothunga | azizuthunga | ezingezuthunga | zingezuthunga |
| Class 9 | izothunga | ezothunga | izothunga | ayizuthunga | engezuthunga | ingezuthunga |
| Class 10 | zizothunga | ezizothunga | zizothunga | azizuthunga | ezingezuthunga | zingezuthunga |
| Class 11 | luzothunga | oluzothunga | luzothunga | aluzuthunga | olungezuthunga | lungezuthunga |
| Class 14 | buzothunga | obuzothunga | buzothunga | abuzuthunga | obungezuthunga | bungezuthunga |
| Class 15 | kuzothunga | okuzothunga | kuzothunga | akuzuthunga | okungezuthunga | kungezuthunga |
| Class 17 | kuzothunga | okuzothunga | kuzothunga | akuzuthunga | okungezuthunga | kungezuthunga |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyothunga | engiyothunga | ngiyothunga | angiyuthunga | engingeyuthunga | ngingeyuthunga |
| 2nd singular | uyothunga | oyothunga | uyothunga | awuyuthunga | ongeyuthunga | ungeyuthunga |
| 1st plural | siyothunga | esiyothunga | siyothunga | asiyuthunga | esingeyuthunga | singeyuthunga |
| 2nd plural | niyothunga | eniyothunga | niyothunga | aniyuthunga | eningeyuthunga | ningeyuthunga |
| Class 1 | uyothunga | oyothunga | eyothunga | akayuthunga | ongeyuthunga | engeyuthunga |
| Class 2 | bayothunga | abayothunga | beyothunga | abayuthunga | abangeyuthunga | bengeyuthunga |
| Class 3 | uyothunga | oyothunga | uyothunga | awuyuthunga | ongeyuthunga | ungeyuthunga |
| Class 4 | iyothunga | eyothunga | iyothunga | ayiyuthunga | engeyuthunga | ingeyuthunga |
| Class 5 | liyothunga | eliyothunga | liyothunga | aliyuthunga | elingeyuthunga | lingeyuthunga |
| Class 6 | ayothunga | ayothunga | eyothunga | awayuthunga | angeyuthunga | engeyuthunga |
| Class 7 | siyothunga | esiyothunga | siyothunga | asiyuthunga | esingeyuthunga | singeyuthunga |
| Class 8 | ziyothunga | eziyothunga | ziyothunga | aziyuthunga | ezingeyuthunga | zingeyuthunga |
| Class 9 | iyothunga | eyothunga | iyothunga | ayiyuthunga | engeyuthunga | ingeyuthunga |
| Class 10 | ziyothunga | eziyothunga | ziyothunga | aziyuthunga | ezingeyuthunga | zingeyuthunga |
| Class 11 | luyothunga | oluyothunga | luyothunga | aluyuthunga | olungeyuthunga | lungeyuthunga |
| Class 14 | buyothunga | obuyothunga | buyothunga | abuyuthunga | obungeyuthunga | bungeyuthunga |
| Class 15 | kuyothunga | okuyothunga | kuyothunga | akuyuthunga | okungeyuthunga | kungeyuthunga |
| Class 17 | kuyothunga | okuyothunga | kuyothunga | akuyuthunga | okungeyuthunga | kungeyuthunga |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngithunge | ngingathungi |
| 2nd singular | uthunge | ungathungi |
| 1st plural | sithunge | singathungi |
| 2nd plural | nithunge | ningathungi |
| Class 1 | athunge | angathungi |
| Class 2 | bathunge | bangathungi |
| Class 3 | uthunge | ungathungi |
| Class 4 | ithunge | ingathungi |
| Class 5 | lithunge | lingathungi |
| Class 6 | athunge | angathungi |
| Class 7 | sithunge | singathungi |
| Class 8 | zithunge | zingathungi |
| Class 9 | ithunge | ingathungi |
| Class 10 | zithunge | zingathungi |
| Class 11 | luthunge | lungathungi |
| Class 14 | buthunge | bungathungi |
| Class 15 | kuthunge | kungathungi |
| Class 17 | kuthunge | kungathungi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngathunga | ngangathunga, angathunga, angangathunga |
| 2nd singular | wathunga | wangathunga, awathunga, awangathunga |
| 1st plural | sathunga | sangathunga, asathunga, asangathunga |
| 2nd plural | nathunga | nangathunga, anathunga, anangathunga |
| Class 1 | wathunga | wangathunga, akathunga, akangathunga |
| Class 2 | bathunga | bangathunga, abathunga, abangathunga |
| Class 3 | wathunga | wangathunga, awathunga, awangathunga |
| Class 4 | yathunga | yangathunga, ayathunga, ayangathunga |
| Class 5 | lathunga | langathunga, alathunga, alangathunga |
| Class 6 | athunga | angathunga, awathunga, awangathunga |
| Class 7 | sathunga | sangathunga, asathunga, asangathunga |
| Class 8 | zathunga | zangathunga, azathunga, azangathunga |
| Class 9 | yathunga | yangathunga, ayathunga, ayangathunga |
| Class 10 | zathunga | zangathunga, azathunga, azangathunga |
| Class 11 | lwathunga | lwangathunga, alwathunga, alwangathunga |
| Class 14 | bathunga | bangathunga, abathunga, abangathunga |
| Class 15 | kwathunga | kwangathunga, akwathunga, akwangathunga |
| Class 17 | kwathunga | kwangathunga, akwathunga, akwangathunga |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thunga”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thunga (6.6-3)”