# pastinaca
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin pastinaca (“parsnip, carrot”), from pastinum (“two-pronged fork”); related to pastināre (“to dig up the ground”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pa.stiˈna.ka/
* Rhymes: -aka
* Hyphenation: pa‧sti‧nà‧ca

### Noun

pastinaca f (plural pastinache)
* parsnip (plant or vegetable)
* stingray

#### Related terms

* trigone
* pastinaca comune

### Further reading

* pastinaca on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{it}$

### Anagrams

* spanciata

## Latin
### Etymology

From pastinum (“kind of two-pronged dibble”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /pas.tiˈnaː.ka/, [päs̠t̪ɪˈnäːkä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /pas.tiˈna.ka/, [päst̪iˈnäːkä]

### Noun

pastināca f (genitive pastinācae); first declension
* parsnip
* stingray

#### Declension

First-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | pastināca | pastinācae |
| Genitive | pastinācae | pastinācārum |
| Dative | pastinācae | pastinācīs |
| Accusative | pastinācam | pastinācās |
| Ablative | pastinācā | pastinācīs |
| Vocative | pastināca | pastinācae |

#### Descendants

* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Corsican: pastinaccia
*** ⇒ Corsican: pastricciola
** Italian: pastinaca
** Neapolitan: pastenaca
** Sicilian: vastunaca
** Sardinian: pastinaca, frustinaca (etc.)
* Old French: pasnaie
** Middle French: panais
*** French: panais
**** Haitian Creole: pane
** Bourguignon: patenaille, potenaille, pétenaille, pait'naille
** Norman: pônais, pânais, paunais, pânnais (Jersey), pânnais, pônais (Guernsey)
** Walloon: panåjhe, pastenate
** → Middle English: passenep, pasnepe (influenced by neep (“turnip”))
*** English: parsnepe, parsnep, parsnip
**** → Japanese: パースニップ (pāsunippu)
**** → Maori: pānipi
*** Scots: passeneip, paseneip, parsnip
** → Cornish: panes
** → Middle Breton: panesenn
*** Breton: panez
** → Welsh: pannas
* Old Occitan: pastenago, pastenaga
** Catalan: pastanaga, pastenaga, bastanaga, bastenaga
** Occitan: pastenaga, pastanaca, pastanaga, pastanagra, pastanarga
** → Middle French: pastenaille, pastenade, pastenaie
*** French: pastenade, patenais
*** → German: Pastiney, Pastinei
*** → Ottoman Turkish: پاستنای (pastinay)
** → Middle French: pastenague
*** French: pastenague
* Venetian: pestenéga
** → Cimbrian: bostanàja
* Emilian: pistinèga
* → Andalusian Arabic: بِسْنَاج (bisnāj), بِسْتِنَاج (bistināj), بِسْتِنَاجَة (bistināja), بِشْتِْنَاجَة (bištināja), بِشْتِنَاقَة (bištināqa, “parsnip”)
** → Portuguese: bisnaga, bisnaca, visnaga (obsolete)
** → Spanish: biznaga
*** → Basque: bisnaga, biznaga
*** → Catalan: bisnaga, biçnaga (obsolete)
*** → Galician: bisnaga, biznaga, bizniega
* → Galician: pastinaca
* → Picard: pasternache
* → Portuguese: pastinaca, pastinaga
* → Walloon: pastinåke
* → Greek: παστινάκη (pastináki)
* → Translingual: Pastinaca
* → Proto-West Germanic: *pastinakā (see there for further descendants)

### References

* “pastinaca”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* pastinaca in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* pastinaca in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* pastinaga

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin pastinaca.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /pas.t͡ʃiˈna.kɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /pas.t͡ʃiˈna.kɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /paʃ.t͡ʃiˈna.kɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /pas.t͡ʃiˈna.ka/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɐʃ.tiˈna.kɐ/
* Hyphenation: pas‧ti‧na‧ca

### Noun

pastinaca f (plural pastinacas)
* parsnip (Pastinaca sativa, a plant known for its edible root)
    Synonyms: cherovia, cenoura-brava