# -ku-
## Chichewa
### Infix

-ku-
* Forms the present tense in verbs.

#### Usage notes

This tense is used in a present continuous sense, and contrasts with the habitual of -ma-.

## Garo
### Affix

-ku-
* yet, indicates that the action is still happening.

## Swahili

Other scripts :
| Ajami | ـكُـ |

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Etymology 1
#### Infix

-ku-
* (with negative subject concord) negative past tense marker
    Antonym: -li-
    Sikukisoma. ― I did not read it.

##### Conjugation

| | | Singular | Plural |
| 1st person | 1st person | siku- | hatuku- |
| 2nd person | 2nd person | huku- | hamku- |
| 3rd person | m-wa$_{(I/II)}$ | haku- | hawaku- |
| 3rd person | m-mi$_{(III/IV)}$ | hauku- | haiku- |
| 3rd person | ji-ma$_{(V/VI)}$ | haliku- | hayaku- |
| 3rd person | ki-vi$_{(VII/VIII)}$ | hakiku- | haviku- |
| 3rd person | n$_{(IX/X)}$ | haiku- | haziku- |
| 3rd person | u$_{(XI)}$ | hauku- | see n$_{(X)}$ or ma$_{(VI)}$ |
| 3rd person | ku$_{(XV/XVII)}$ | hakuku- | |
| 3rd person | pa$_{(XVI)}$ | hapaku- | |
| 3rd person | mu$_{(XVIII)}$ | hamku- | |
| For more information, see Appendix:Swahili verbs. ||||

##### See also
### Etymology 2
#### Infix

-ku-
* you, 2st person singular object concord
    Ninakupenda. ― I like you.
** 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎, translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 11:مُيُ وَاغُ نِنِ هُزُدُكَانِ ، لِكُغُرِيِلُ هِيْلَ نِنْنِ ،Moyo wangu nini huzundukani, likughuriyelo hela ni-n'ni?Soul, why not awake? Hi! what is it that cheats you?
* (with suffix -ni) you, y'all; 2st person plural object concord
    Synonym: -wa-
    Ninakupendeni. ― I like y'all.

#### See also

| Number | Person | Independent | Subject concord | Subject concord | Object concord | Combined forms | Combined forms | Combined forms | Possessive |
| Number | Person | Independent | affirmative | negative | Object concord | na | ndi- | si- | Possessive |
| Singular | First | mimi | ni- | si- | -ni- | nami, na mimi | ndimi, ndiye | simi, siye | -angu |
| Singular | Second | wewe | u- | hu- | -ku- | nawe, na wewe | ndiwe, ndiye | siwe, siye | -ako |
| Singular | Third | yeye | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | naye, na yeye | ndiye | siye | -ake |
| Plural | First | sisi | tu- | hatu- | -tu- | nasi, na sisi | ndisi, ndio | sio | -etu |
| Plural | Second | ninyi | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -wa- | nanyi, na ninyi | ndinyi, ndio | sinyi, sio | -enu |
| Plural | Third | wao | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | nao | ndio | sio | -ao |
| Reflexive | Reflexive | — | — | — | -ji- | — | — | — | — |
| For a full table including other classes, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. ||||||||||

### Etymology 3
#### Infix

-ku-
* there, ku class$_{(XVII)}$ object concord

##### See also

| Class | Subject concord | Subject concord | Object concord | Relative |
| Class | affirmative | negative | Object concord | Relative |
| m$_{(I)}$ | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | -ye |
| wa$_{(II)}$ | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | -o |
| m$_{(III)}$ | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
| mi$_{(IV)}$ | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
| ji$_{(V)}$ | li- | hali- | -li- | -lo |
| ma$_{(VI)}$ | ya- | haya- | -ya- | -yo |
| ki$_{(VII)}$ | ki- | haki- | -ki- | -cho |
| vi$_{(VIII)}$ | vi- | havi- | -vi- | -vyo |
| n$_{(IX)}$ | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
| n$_{(X)}$ | zi- | hazi- | -zi- | -zo |
| u$_{(XI)}$ | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
| ku$_{(XV/XVII)}$ | ku- | haku- | -ku- | -ko |
| pa$_{(XVI)}$ | pa- | hapa- | -pa- | -po |
| mu$_{(XVIII)}$ | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -mu- | -mo |
| For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |||||

### Etymology 4

From the infinitive prefix ku-.

#### Interfix

-ku-
* placed between certain tense/aspect markers and the stem of monosyllabic verbs (-ja, -la, -wa) in the absence of object concord
    nitakuwa ― I will be