# 鷓鴣
## Chinese

* 鷓鴣

### Etymology

Perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit चकोर (cakora, “partridge”) (Ali, 1949 and Schafer, 1967; apud Bocci & Ptak, 2016).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhègū
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄜˋ ㄍㄨ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ze$^2$ gu$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ze$^3$ gu$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): cha-kû
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciá-gŭ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chià-ko͘ / chèe-ko͘ / chè-ko͘
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhe$^4$ gu$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhègū
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˋ ㄍㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhègu
*** Wade–Giles: chê$^4$-ku$^1$
*** Yale: jè-gū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jehgu
*** Palladius: чжэгу (čžɛgu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ ku⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ze$^2$ gu$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zegu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛ²¹ ku⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ze$^3$ gu$^1$
*** Yale: je gū
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dze$^3$ gu$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zé$^3$ gu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛː³³ kuː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cha-kû
*** Hakka Romanization System: za gu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: za$^4$ gu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sa⁵⁵ ku²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ciá-gŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sia²¹³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(k-)}$u⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chià-ko͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsià-koo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciarkof
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sia⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sia²¹⁻⁵³ kɔ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sia¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sia²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèe-ko͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsèe-koo
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ²¹⁻⁵³ kɔ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè-ko͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsè-koo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zea'kof
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: zhe$^4$ gu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂɤ̞⁴⁵ ku²⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /t͡sɤ̞⁴⁵ ku²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsyaeH ku
Rime :
| Character | 鷓 | 鴣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 之夜切 | 古胡切 |
| Baxter | tsyaeH | ku |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕia$^H$/ | /kuo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕia$^H$/ | /kuo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕia$^H$/ | /ko/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cia$^H$/ | /kɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕia$^H$/ | /ko/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭa$^H$/ | /ku/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯a$^H$/ | /kuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhè | gū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ze$^3$ | gu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjaːɡs kaː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鷓 | 鴣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11897 | 4216 |
| Phonetic component | 庶 | 古 |
| Rime group | 暮 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 柘 | 孤 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjaːɡs/ | /*kaː/ |
| Notes | | 見山海經 |

### Noun

鷓鴣
* francolin; partridge (usually a member of Francolinus)
    From: Taiping Guangji (Extensive Records of the Taiping Era), 978 CE
    Zhègū, Wú, Chǔ zhī yě xī yǒu. Lǐngnán piān duō cǐ niǎo. Ròu bái ér cuì, yuǎn shèng jīzhì. Néng jiě gě bìng jūn dú. Yìqián yǒu bái yuándiǎn, bèishàng jiān zǐchì máo. Qí dà rú yějī, duō duì tí. [Pinyin]
    Chinese francolins can be found everywhere in the open fields of Wu and Chu and are [also] widely spread in Lingnan. Their white, tender meat is by far better than chicken or pheasant [meat], and it can act as an antidote against poisoning by the pueraria pea and mushrooms. [These birds] have white dots on the breast and purple-reddish feathers in the middle of the back. They are as big as wild fowl and often tweet to one another.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鷓鴣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 鷓鴣 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 鷓鴣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 鷓鴣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 鷓鴣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 鷓鴣, 鷓鴣鳥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鷓鴣 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 鷓鴣 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 鷓鴣 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 鷓鴣鳥 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 鷓鴣仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 鷓鴣鳥 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 鷓鴣 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 鷓鴣 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鷓鴣 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 赤鴣鳥 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 鵲鴣 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 鷓鴣 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 鷓鴣 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 越雉 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 鷓鴣 |

#### Derived terms

* 地鷓鴣／地鹧鸪 (dìzhègū)
* 瑞鷓鴣／瑞鹧鸪
* 鷓鴣名／鹧鸪名
* 鷓鴣天／鹧鸪天
* 鷓鴣姨／鹧鸪姨
* 鷓鴣斑／鹧鸪斑
* 鷓鴣枕／鹧鸪枕
* 鷓鴣沉／鹧鸪沉
* 鷓鴣花／鹧鸪花
* 鷓鴣菜／鹧鸪菜
* 鷓鴣詞／鹧鸪词
* 鷓鴣辭／鹧鸪辞
* 鷓鴣音／鹧鸪音

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 鷓(しゃ)鴣(こ) (shako)
* → Korean: 자고(鷓鴣) (jago)

#### References

* ↑ Bocci, C., & Ptak, R. (2016). "The Entries on Birds in Liu Xun’s Lingbiao lu yi". Bulletin de l’École Française d’Extrême-Orient, 102, fn. 148, p. 336-337 of 297–352. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26435127

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 鷓 | 鴣 |
| しゃ Hyōgai | こ Hyōgai |
| kan'on ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゃこ [sháꜜkò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕa̠ko̞]

### Noun

鷓(しゃ)鴣(こ) or 鷓鴣(シャコ) • (shako)
* francolin

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN