# liana
## English
### Etymology

From French liane, influenced by lien (“link, bond”). The word comes from the western dialects of West Indian French.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /liːˈɑːnə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːnə

### Noun

liana (plural lianas)
* (botany) A climbing woody vine, usually tropical.
** 1839, Robert FitzRoy, Phillip Parker King, Charles Darwin, chapter II, in Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty’s Ships Adventure and Beagle, between the Years 1826 and 1836, […], volumes (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:Many of the older trees presented a very curious appearance from the tresses of a liana hanging from their boughs, and resembling bundles of hay.
** 1884, Achilles Daunt, Frank Redcliffe: A story of travel and adventure in the forests of Venezuela (A Book for Boys), London: T. Nelson & Sons, Chapter 5, p. 99,
    Flowering lianas hung in long streaming lines from the outstretched boughs and dipped their pendulous bouquets in the water of the igarape, which reflected the cloudless blue of the sky.
** 1943 April 4, Allied Geographical Section, Southwest Pacific Area, Getting About in New Guinea, page 6:Allow friendly natives to walk in front of you on the track. They have sharp eyes for pitfalls, snakes, hornets, and stinging plants. They will cut the lianas and thorny trailers. They like to do it.
** 1961, V. S. Naipaul, A House for Mr Biswas, Vintage International, published 2001, Part Two, Chapter 3:They left the drive and stood among the wild tannia under the saman tree. Mrs Tulsi held a liana and offered it to Mr Biswas. While he felt it, she held a thinner liana and pulled it down. ‘As strong as rope,’ she said. ‘The children could skip with this.’

#### See also

* climber
* rattan
* scrambler
* twiner
* vine

### Anagrams

* Al Ain, Alani, Alina, IANAL, Lanai, lanai

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English liana, from French liane, influenced by lien (“link, bond”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlia̯na/
* Hyphenation: lia‧na

### Noun

liana (first-person possessive lianaku, second-person possessive lianamu, third-person possessive liananya)
* (botany) liana: a climbing woody vine, usually tropical.

### Further reading

* “liana” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlja.na/, (traditional) /liˈa.na/
* Rhymes: -ana
* Hyphenation: lià‧na, (traditional) li‧à‧na

### Noun

liana f (plural liane)
* liana (vine)
* plot (complicated)

### Anagrams

* Alina, alani, anali, inala

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French liane.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈljana/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ana
* Syllabification: lia‧na

### Noun

liana f
* liana

#### Declension
### Further reading

* liana in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* liana in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /liˈɐ̃.nɐ/ [lɪˈɐ̃.nɐ], (faster pronunciation) /ˈljɐ̃.nɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /liˈɐ̃.nɐ/ [lɪˈɐ̃.nɐ], (faster pronunciation) /ˈljɐ̃.nɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /liˈɐ.na/ [lɪˈɐ.na], (faster pronunciation) /ˈljɐ.na/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈljɐ.nɐ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈljɐ.nɐ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ˈlja.nɐ/
* Hyphenation: li‧a‧na

### Noun

liana f (plural lianas)
* liana (climbing woody vine)
    Synonym: cipó

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French liane, of unknown ultimate origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈljana/ [ˈlja.na]
* Rhymes: -ana
* Syllabification: lia‧na

### Noun

liana f (plural lianas)
* liana
    Synonyms: bejuco, guaco

### Further reading

* “liana”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-liana (infinitive kuliana)
* Reciprocal form of -lia

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -liana :
| Positive present | -naliana |
| Subjunctive | -liane |
| Negative | -liani |
| Imperative singular | liana |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kuliana |
| Negative | kutoliana |
Imperatives :
| Singular | liana |
| Plural | lianeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | huliana |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -liliana |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kuliana |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -taliana |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -taliana |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -siliane |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngeliana |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singeliana |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngaliliana |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singaliliana |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -meliana |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshaliana |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jaliana |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kiliana |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipoliana |
| Consecutive | kaliana / positive subject concord + -kaliana |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kaliane |
| Object concord | — |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :