OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 爭奪
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhēngduó
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥ ㄉㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zang$^1$ dyut$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chng-toa̍t / cheng-toa̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zên$^1$ doh$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhēngduó
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥ ㄉㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhengduó
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^1$-to$^2$
*** Yale: jēng-dwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jengdwo
*** Palladius: чжэндо (čžɛndo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zang$^1$ dyut$^6$
*** Yale: jāng dyuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzang$^1$ dyt$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zeng$^1$ düd$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ tyːt̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chng-toa̍t
*** Tâi-lô: tsng-tua̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zngdoat
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍³³ tuat̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-toa̍t
*** Tâi-lô: tsing-tua̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zengdoat
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tuat̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tuat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tuat̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zên$^1$ doh$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseⁿ to̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sẽ³³⁻²³ toʔ⁴/

### Verb

爭奪
* (transitive) to contend for; to compete for; to scramble for; to poach

#### Synonyms

* 爭搶／争抢 (zhēngqiǎng)
* 競爭／竞争 (jìngzhēng)
* 逼搶／逼抢 (bīqiǎng) (sports)
# 灰蒙蒙
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 灰蒙蒙 – see 灰濛濛 (“overcast; dusky”). (This term is the simplified and variant traditional form of 灰濛濛).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 灰衣主教
## Chinese

| | | grey; ash | gown; clothes; to dressgown; clothes; to dress; to wear | bishop; to mainly teach |
| trad. (灰衣主教) | trad. (灰衣主教) | 灰 | 衣 | 主教 |
| simp. $^#$(灰衣主教) | simp. $^#$(灰衣主教) | 灰 | 衣 | 主教 |
* 灰衣主教

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huīyī zhǔjiào
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟ ㄧ ㄓㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fui$^1$ ji$^1$ zyu$^2$ gaau$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huīyī zhǔjiào
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟ ㄧ ㄓㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hueiyi jhǔjiào
*** Wade–Giles: hui$^1$-i$^1$ chu$^3$-chiao$^4$
*** Yale: hwēi-yī jǔ-jyàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hueii juujiaw
*** Palladius: хуэйи чжуцзяо (xueji čžuczjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fui$^1$ ji$^1$ zyu$^2$ gaau$^3$
*** Yale: fūi yī jyú gaau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fui$^1$ ji$^1$ dzy$^2$ gaau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fui$^1$ yi$^1$ ju$^2$ gao$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuːi̯⁵⁵ jiː⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ kaːu̯³³/

### Noun

灰衣主教
* éminence grise
** 2016 April 8, Hong Kong Commercial Daily, 灰衣主教：無限權力的寫照 (Eminence grise: A Portrayal of Unlimited Power)‎:
       Zài xīfāng, huīyīzhǔjiào yǐjīng biànchéng le yīge zhuānyǒu míngcí, yù zhǐ xīnfù rénwù, ànzhōng zhǎngquán zhě, mùhòu cāozòng zhě. [Pinyin]
       In the West, éminence grise has become a specific noun to describe a person who is trusted, who wield power secretly, who manipulates behind the scene.
# 牛记笠记
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 牛记笠记 – see 牛記笠記 (“casual wear”). (This term is the simplified form of 牛記笠記).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 独资
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 独资 – see 獨資 (“to make a wholly-owned venture”). (This term is the simplified form of 獨資).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 無性生殖
## Chinese

| | | asexual; agender; sexlessasexual; agender; sexless; neuter | to breed; to reproduce; to propagateto breed; to reproduce; to propagate; to multiply |
| trad. (無性生殖) | trad. (無性生殖) | 無性 | 生殖 |
| simp. (无性生殖) | simp. (无性生殖) | 无性 | 生殖 |
* 無性生殖

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wúxìng shēngzhí
    (Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄕㄥ ㄓˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mou$^4$ sing$^3$ sang$^1$ zik$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wúxìng shēngzhí
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄕㄥ ㄓˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wúsìng shengjhíh
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^2$-hsing$^4$ shêng$^1$-chih$^2$
*** Yale: wú-syìng shēng-jŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wushinq shengjyr
*** Palladius: усин шэнчжи (usin šɛnčži)
*** Sinological IPA : /u³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^4$ sing$^3$ sang$^1$ zik$^6$
*** Yale: mòuh sing sāng jihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^4$ sing$^3$ sang$^1$ dzik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^4$ xing$^3$ seng$^1$ jig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²¹ sɪŋ³³ sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

### Noun

無性生殖
* asexual reproduction

#### Synonyms

* 無性繁殖／无性繁殖

#### Antonyms

* 有性生殖 (yǒuxìng shēngzhí)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 無 | 性 | 生 | 殖 |
| む Grade: 4 | せい Grade: 5 | せい Grade: 1 | しょく Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) むせーせーしょく [mùséé séꜜèshòkù] (Nakadaka – [4])
* IPA: [mɯ̟se̞ː se̞ːɕo̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

無(む)性(せい)生(せい)殖(しょく) • (musei seishoku)
* asexual reproduction

#### Antonyms

* 有性生殖(ゆうせいせいしょく) (yūsei seishoku)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 無恩
## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 無 | 恩 |

### Adjective

無恩
* chữ Hán form of vô ơn (“ungrateful”).
# 無恙
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wúyàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄧㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mou$^4$ joeng$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wúyàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wúyàng
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^2$-yang$^4$
*** Yale: wú-yàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuyanq
*** Palladius: уян (ujan)
*** Sinological IPA : /u³⁵ jɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^4$ joeng$^6$
*** Yale: mòuh yeuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^4$ joeng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^4$ yêng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²¹ jœːŋ²²/
* Middle Chinese: mju yangH
Rime :
| Character | 無 | 恙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 武夫切 | 餘亮切 |
| Baxter | mju | yangH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨo/ | /jɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mio/ | /jiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mio/ | /iɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muə̆/ | /jɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /mio/ | /iaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭu/ | /jĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯u/ | /i̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wú | yàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mou$^4$ | joeng$^6$ |

### Verb

無恙
* (literary) to be unharmed; to be in good health; to be without a scratch (often used in regards)
       Rìchū chù tiānzǐ zhìshū rìméi chù tiānzǐ wúyàng yúnyún. [Pinyin]
       ...the prince of the land of the rising sun sends a letter to the emperor of the place where the sun sets, for good health and so on.

#### Derived terms

* 別來無恙／别来无恙 (bié lái wúyàng)
* 安然無恙／安然无恙 (ānránwúyàng)
* 布帆無恙／布帆无恙
# 狼当
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 狼当 – see 狼當. (This term is the simplified form of 狼當).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 発彦
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 発 | 彦 |
| Grade: 3 | Jinmeiyō |
* Alternative spelling
* 發彥 (kyūjitai)

### Proper noun

発彦(はつひこ) • (Hatsuhiko)
* a male given name
# 疑忌
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yíjì
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˊ ㄐㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ji$^4$ gei$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gî-khī / gî-kī
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yíjì
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˊ ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yíjì
*** Wade–Giles: i$^2$-chi$^4$
*** Yale: yí-jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yijih
*** Palladius: ицзи (iczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /i³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$疑忌 遺記／遗记 遺跡／遗迹
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^4$ gei$^6$
*** Yale: yìh geih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^4$ gei$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^4$ géi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː²¹ kei̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gî-khī
*** Tâi-lô: gî-khī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gi'qi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡi²⁴⁻²² kʰi²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gî-kī
*** Tâi-lô: gî-kī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gi'ki
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡi²⁴⁻²² ki⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi¹³⁻²² ki²²/

### Verb

疑忌
* (literary) to be suspicious and jealous

#### Synonyms

* 猜嫌 (cāixián) (formal)
* 猜忌 (cāijì)
# 疑悟
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gî-ngō͘ / gî-gō͘
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gî-ngō͘
*** Tâi-lô: gî-ngōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gingo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡi²³⁻³³ ŋɔ̃³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡi²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡi²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gî-gō͘
*** Tâi-lô: gî-gōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gi'go
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi¹³⁻²² ɡɔ²²/

### Verb

疑悟
* (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to anticipate; to expect; to predict (usually in the negative)

#### Synonyms

* 前瞻 (qiánzhān)
* 展望 (zhǎnwàng)
* 意想 (yìxiǎng)
* 意料 (yìliào)
* 捉摸 (zhuōmō)
* 揣測／揣测 (chuǎicè)
* 料定 (liàodìng)
* 料想 (liàoxiǎng)
* 料算 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 測／测 (cè) (literary, or in compounds)
* 猜 (cāi)
* 端倪 (duānní) (literary)
* 諒心／谅心 (lian$^5$ sin) (Xiang)
* 諒想／谅想 (liōng-siǒng) (Northern Min)
* 逆料 (nìliào)
* 預判／预判 (yùpàn)
* 預卜／预卜 (yùbǔ)
* 預報／预报 (yùbào)
* 預感／预感 (yùgǎn)
* 預想／预想 (yùxiǎng)
* 預料／预料 (yùliào)
* 預斷／预断 (yùduàn)
* 預測／预测 (yùcè)
* 預示／预示 (yùshì)
* 預見／预见 (yùjiàn)
* 預言／预言 (yùyán)

#### Derived terms

* 無疑悟／无疑悟
# 照鏡
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhàojìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ziu$^3$ geng$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiò-kiàⁿ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhàojìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhàojìng
*** Wade–Giles: chao$^4$-ching$^4$
*** Yale: jàu-jìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jawjinq
*** Palladius: чжаоцзин (čžaoczin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ziu$^3$ geng$^3$
*** Yale: jiu geng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dziu$^3$ geng$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jiu$^3$ géng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːu̯³³ kɛːŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiò-kiàⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tsiò-kiànn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioirkviax
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sio¹¹⁻⁵³ kiã¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ kiã²¹/

### Verb

照⫽鏡 (verb-object)
* (literary or dialectal) to look into the mirror

#### Synonyms

* 照鏡子／照镜子
# 照计
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 照计 – see 照計 (“normally; supposedly”). (This term is the simplified form of 照計).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 照講
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiàu-kóng
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhau$^4$ gan$^3$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàu-kóng
*** Tâi-lô: tsiàu-kóng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciao'korng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siau²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siau²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siau¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: zhau$^4$ gan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂɒu̯⁴⁵ kan⁴¹/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /t͡sɒu̯⁴⁵ kan⁴¹/

### Adverb

照講
* (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Xiang) ordinarily; as a rule

#### Synonyms

* 按說／按说 (ànshuō)
* 按理說／按理说 (ànlǐshuō)
* 照說／照说 (zhàoshuō)
# 玻尿酸
## Chinese

* 玻尿酸

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bōniàosuān
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ ㄋㄧㄠˋ ㄙㄨㄢ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bōniàosuān
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ㄋㄧㄠˋ ㄙㄨㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: boniàosuan
*** Wade–Giles: po$^1$-niao$^4$-suan$^1$
*** Yale: bwō-nyàu-swān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boniawsuan
*** Palladius: боняосуань (bonjaosuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ su̯än⁵⁵/

### Noun

玻尿酸
* (biochemistry) hyaluronic acid

#### Synonyms

* 透明質酸／透明质酸 (tòumíngzhìsuān)
# 玈

| 玈 | U+7388, &#29576; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7388 |
| ← 率 [U+7387] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 玉 → [U+7389] |

## Translingual
### Han character

玈 (Kangxi radical 95, 玄+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜戈人竹女 (YIOHV), four-corner 0873$_2$, composition ⿰玄㇯旅方)
* black

#### Derived characters

* 𪒓

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 726, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20818
* Dae Jaweon: page 1135, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 289, character 2
* Unihan data for U+7388

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 玈 | *raː |
| 旅 | *ɡ·raʔ |
| 膂 | *ɡ·raʔ |
| 祣 | *raʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raː) : semantic 玄 (“deep, mysterious”) + abbreviated phonetic 旅 (OC *ɡ·raʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lú (lu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lou$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lú
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lú
*** Wade–Giles: lu$^2$
*** Yale: lú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lu
*** Palladius: лу (lu)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lou$^4$
*** Yale: lòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lou̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: lu
Rime :
| Character | 玈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 落胡切 |
| Baxter | lu |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /luo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /luo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lo/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /lo/ |
| Wang Li | /lu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /luo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lou$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*raː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 玈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8599 |
| Phonetic component | 旅 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 盧 |
| Old Chinese | /*raː/ |
| Notes | 黸分化字見左傳 |

### Definitions

玈
* black

### Compounds

* 玈弓
* 玈弓彤矢
* 玈矢

## Korean
### Hanja

玈 • (ro, no) (hangeul 로, 노, revised ro, no, McCune–Reischauer ro, no, Yale lo, no)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

玈: Hán Việt readings: lô
* chữ Hán form of lô (“black”).

#### References

* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
# 版图
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 版图 – see 版圖 (“household registers and maps; population and territory; domain; dominion; territory”). (This term is the simplified form of 版圖).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 版図
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 版 | 図 |
| はん Grade: 5 | と Grade: 2 |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spelling
* 版圖 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はんと [háꜜǹtò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [hã̠nto̞]

### Noun

版(はん)図(と) • (hanto)
* territory
    Synonym: 領土 (ryōdo)
** 1951, Tetsuro Watsuji, Sakoku: Nihon no higeki‎:
    ローマ帝(てい)国(こく)の版(はん)図(と)を東(とう)方(ほう)・南(なん)方(ぽう)・西(せい)方(ほう)に亘(わた)ってゲルマン人(じん)以(い)上(じょう)に広(ひろ)く侵(しん)蝕(しょく)したのはアラビア人(じん)であるが、この東(とう)方(ほう)からの侵(しん)入(にゅう)の起(き)点(てん)はモハメッド（570―632）である。
       Rōma Teikoku no hanto o tōhō nanpō seihō ni watatte Geruman-jin ijō ni hiroku shinshoku shita no wa Arabia-jin de aru ga, kono tōhō kara no shinnyū no kiten wa Mohameddo (570―632) de aru.
       The Arabs invaded the territory of the Roman Empire in the east, south, and west more extensively than the Germanic people, and the trigger of this invasion from the east was Muhammad (570-632).

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 皺紋兒
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhòuwénr
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˋ ㄨㄣˊㄦ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhòuwénr
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˋ ㄨㄣˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhòuwúnr
*** Wade–Giles: chou$^4$-wên$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: jòu-wénr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jowwel
*** Palladius: чжоувэньр (čžouvɛnʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ wəɻ³⁵/

### Noun

皺紋兒
* (Mandarin) Erhua form of 皺紋／皱纹 (zhòuwén).

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 皺紋, 褶皺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 皺紋兒, 皺皺紋, 皺皺紋兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 皺紋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 皺紋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 皺紋兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 褲出子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 𦈃紋兒, 𦈃紋, 𦈃, 𦈃褶子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 皺紋兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 皺皺 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 皺紋 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 皺褶 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 皺皮 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 皺皮 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 皺皮 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 皺皮 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 皺皮 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 嬈皮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 圪皺皺, 圪折折 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 圪搐 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 皺紋 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 皺痕 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 皺痕 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 皺痕, 皺巡 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 皺痕 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 皺痕 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 皺紋 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 皺紋 |
# 着せ替える
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 着 | 替 |
| き Grade: 3 | か Grade: S |
| kun'yomi ||

### Etymology

Compound of 着(き)せる (kiseru, “put clothes on (someone)”) + 替(か)える (kaeru, “change”). Attested from the 10th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʲise̞ka̠e̞ɾɯ̟]

### Verb

着(き)せ替(か)える • (kisekaeru)
* (transitive) to change (someone's) clothes, to dress (someone)
    着(き)せ替(か)える人(にん)形(ぎょう)
       kisekaeru ningyō
       dress-up doll
       (literally, “doll that you dress”)
** 2018 November 9, “O-sewa suki na kodomo ni osusume no kisekaeru ningyō juni-sen [Twelve favorite dress-up dolls for children who enjoy caretaking]”, in Mamari‎:
    着(き)せ替(か)える、お世(せ)話(わ)をするなどの面(おも)白(しろ)さを身(み)近(ぢか)に感(かん)じられる豪(ごう)華(か)な商(しょう)品(ひん)ではないでしょうか。
       Kisekaeru, o-sewa o suru nado no omoshirosa o mijika ni kanjirareru gōka na shōhin de wa nai deshō ka.
       Won’t it be great fun to change clothes and otherwise take care of this magnificent doll, letting you feel closeness!

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 着せ替え | きせかえ | kisekae |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 着せ替え | きせかえ | kisekae |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 着せ替える | きせかえる | kisekaeru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 着せ替える | きせかえる | kisekaeru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 着せ替えれ | きせかえれ | kisekaere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 着せ替えよ¹ 着せ替えろ² | きせかえよ¹ きせかえろ² | kisekaeyo¹ kisekaero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 着せ替えられる | きせかえられる | kisekaerareru |
| Causative | 着せ替えさせる 着せ替えさす | きせかえさせる きせかえさす | kisekaesaseru kisekaesasu |
| Potential | 着せ替えられる 着せ替えれる³ | きせかえられる きせかえれる³ | kisekaerareru kisekaereru³ |
| Volitional | 着せ替えよう | きせかえよう | kisekaeyō |
| Negative | 着せ替えない 着せ替えぬ 着せ替えん | きせかえない きせかえぬ きせかえん | kisekaenai kisekaenu kisekaen |
| Negative continuative | 着せ替えず | きせかえず | kisekaezu |
| Formal | 着せ替えます | きせかえます | kisekaemasu |
| Perfective | 着せ替えた | きせかえた | kisekaeta |
| Conjunctive | 着せ替えて | きせかえて | kisekaete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 着せ替えれば | きせかえれば | kisekaereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||

#### Related terms

* 着(き)せ替(か)え (kisekae, “changing (someone's) clothes”, noun)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
# 生誕
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 生 | 誕 |
| せい Grade: 1 | たん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

生(せい)誕(たん) • (seitan)
* birth; nativity

#### Related terms

* 生誕百年(せいたんひゃくねん) (seitanhyakunen)
# 痧子
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shāzi
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ ˙ㄗ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saa$^1$ zi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shāzi
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ ˙ㄗ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shazi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: sha$^1$-tzŭ$^5$
*** Yale: shā-dz
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sha.tzy
*** Palladius: шацзы (šaczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂä⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saa$^1$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: sā jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saa$^1$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sa$^1$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /saː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$沙子 砂紙／砂纸

### Noun

痧子
* (pathology) measles

#### Synonyms

* 麻疹 (mázhěn)
* (Hokkien) ha-sí-khah
* (Leizhou Min) 麻囝

#### Derived terms

* 出痧子 (chūshāzi)
# 矿脂
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 矿脂 – see 礦脂 (“vaseline; petroleum jelly”). (This term is the simplified form of 礦脂).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 码位
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 码位 – see 碼位 (“codepoint”). (This term is the simplified form of 碼位).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 百慕大三角
## Chinese

| | | Bermuda | triangle; trigonometry |
| trad. (百慕大三角) | trad. (百慕大三角) | 百慕大 | 三角 |
| simp. $^#$(百慕大三角) | simp. $^#$(百慕大三角) | 百慕大 | 三角 |
* 百慕大三角

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Bǎimùdà Sānjiǎo
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧㄠˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Bǎimùdà Sānjiǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Bǎimùdà Sanjiǎo
*** Wade–Giles: Pai$^3$-mu$^4$-ta$^4$ San$^1$-chiao$^3$
*** Yale: Bǎi-mù-dà Sān-jyǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Baemuhdah Sanjeau
*** Palladius: Баймуда Саньцзяо (Bajmuda Sanʹczjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Proper noun

百慕大三角
* Bermuda Triangle
# 百战奇法
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 百战奇法 – see 百戰奇法 (“100 Strategies of War”). (This term is the simplified form of 百戰奇法).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 相手
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 相 | 手 |
| あい Grade: 3 | て Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あいて [àítéꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
* IPA: [a̠ite̞]

### Noun

相(あい)手(て) • (aite)
* other person
    相(あい)手(て)の立(たち)場(ば)
       aite no tachiba
       the other person's perspective
* partner
    相談(そうだん)相(あい)手(て)がいない。
       Sōdan aite ga inai.
       I don't have anyone I can talk with.
    不(ふ)倫(りん)相(あい)手(て)
       furin aite
       partner in adultery/cheating
* opponent
** 1999 September 23, “響(ヒビキ)女(メ) [Noisemaiden]”, in Vol.5, Konami:
    耳(みみ)障(ざわ)りな音(おと)をガンガン響(ひび)かせる。相(あい)手(て)を行(こう)動(どう)不(ふ)能(のう)にしてしまう。
       Mimizawari na oto o gangan hibikaseru. Aite o kōdō funō ni shiteshimau.
       She creates ear-piercing noise which renders her opponents immobile.
** 1999 October 17, “くちばしヘビ [Beaked Snake]”, in BOOSTER 5, Konami:
    相(あい)手(て)を長(なが)い体(からだ)で締(し)め上(あ)げ、大(おお)きなくちばしでつついて攻(こう)撃(げき)。
       Aite o nagai karada de shimeage, ōki na kuchibashi de tsutsuite kōgeki.
       It attacks by pecking at its opponent with its huge beak while constricting them with its long body.

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 番侬
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 番侬 – see 番儂. (This term is the simplified form of 番儂).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.