# cosc
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔsˠk/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish cosc, from Proto-Celtic *komskʷom. Cognate with Welsh cosb (“punishment; restraint”).

#### Noun

cosc m (genitive singular coisc, as verbal noun coiscthe)
* verbal noun of coisc
* check, restraint; prevention, prohibition

##### Declension

(as regular noun):
First declension
(as verbal noun):
Irregular

##### Alternative forms

* coscadh m

##### Derived terms

* gan chosc (“unchecked, unrestrained”)
* gan chosc gan cheangal (“without let or hindrance”)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

cosc (present analytic coscann, future analytic coscfaidh, verbal noun cosc, past participle cosctha)
* Alternative form of coisc (“check, prevent”)

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | coscaim | coscann tú; coscair$^†$ | coscann sé, sí | coscaimid | coscann sibh | coscann siad; coscaid$^†$ | a choscann; a choscas / a gcoscann* | cosctar |
| indicative | past | chosc mé; choscas | chosc tú; choscais | chosc sé, sí | choscamar; chosc muid | chosc sibh; choscabhair | chosc siad; choscadar | a chosc / ar chosc* | coscadh |
| indicative | past habitual | choscainn / gcoscainn‡‡ | chosctá / gcosctá‡‡ | choscadh sé, sí / gcoscadh sé, sí‡‡ | choscaimis; choscadh muid / gcoscaimis‡‡; gcoscadh muid‡‡ | choscadh sibh / gcoscadh sibh‡‡ | choscaidís; choscadh siad / gcoscaidís‡‡; gcoscadh siad‡‡ | a choscadh / a gcoscadh* | chosctaí / gcosctaí‡‡ |
| future | future | coscfaidh mé; coscfad | coscfaidh tú; coscfair$^†$ | coscfaidh sé, sí | coscfaimid; coscfaidh muid | coscfaidh sibh | coscfaidh siad; coscfaid$^†$ | a choscfaidh; a choscfas / a gcoscfaidh* | coscfar |
| conditional | conditional | choscfainn / gcoscfainn‡‡ | choscfá / gcoscfá‡‡ | choscfadh sé, sí / gcoscfadh sé, sí‡‡ | choscfaimis; choscfadh muid / gcoscfaimis‡‡; gcoscfadh muid‡‡ | choscfadh sibh / gcoscfadh sibh‡‡ | choscfaidís; choscfadh siad / gcoscfaidís‡‡; gcoscfadh siad‡‡ | a choscfadh / a gcoscfadh* | choscfaí / gcoscfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go gcosca mé; go gcoscad$^†$ | go gcosca tú; go gcoscair$^†$ | go gcosca sé, sí | go gcoscaimid; go gcosca muid | go gcosca sibh | go gcosca siad; go gcoscaid$^†$ | — | go gcosctar |
| subjunctive | past | dá gcoscainn | dá gcosctá | dá gcoscadh sé, sí | dá gcoscaimis; dá gcoscadh muid | dá gcoscadh sibh | dá gcoscaidís; dá gcoscadh siad | — | dá gcosctaí |
| imperative | imperative | coscaim | cosc | coscadh sé, sí | coscaimis | coscaigí; coscaidh$^†$ | coscaidís | — | cosctar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | cosc | cosc | cosc | cosc | cosc | cosc | cosc | cosc |
| past participle | past participle | cosctha | cosctha | cosctha | cosctha | cosctha | cosctha | cosctha | cosctha |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cosc”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* coscc

### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *komskʷom. Cognate with Welsh cosb.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kosk]

### Noun

cosc n (genitive coisc)
* verbal noun of con·secha (“to correct”)
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22$^c$10
    Is bés trá dosom aní-siu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.This, then, is a custom of his, to correct the wives at first and to bring them under the power of their husbands, so that the husbands may be the readier under God’s power, so that afterwards the husbands are corrected and bowed down in subjection to God.
* wound caused by (physical) punishment

#### Inflection

Neuter o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | cosc$^N$ | — | — |
| Vocative | cosc$^N$ | — | — |
| Accusative | cosc$^N$ | — | — |
| Genitive | coisc$^L$ | — | — |
| Dative | cosc$^L$ | — | — |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cosc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language