# galds
## Latvian
### Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *geld-, *gald-, from Proto-Indo-European *geldʰ-, *goldʰ- (“to chip, to scratch, to hollow”). The semantic evolution was probably: “chipped, carved, hollowed (thing)” → “chip, board cut from a block (of wood)” (a meaning still attested; see below) → “trough, wood container (for eating, feeding)” (note also the meaning of derived term aizgalds (“sty, pen”)) → “table (for eating).” Cognates include Lithuanian gélda (“trough, wooden container”), Old Prussian galdo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡâlts]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

galds m (1st declension)
* table (piece of furniture consisting of a horizontal surface on legs, to support objects — dishes and food while eating, tools while working, etc.)
    četrstūrains, apaļš, garš galds ― rectangular, round, long table
    pulēts, krāsots galds ― polished, painted table
    riekstkoka galds ― walnut (wood) table
    darba galds ― work table
    virtuves, ēdamistabas galds ― kitchen, dining-room table
    tualetes galds ― dressing table
    izvelkamais galds ― folding table
    galda atvilktne, stūris ― table drawer, corner
    galda lampa, pulkstenis ― table lamp, clock
    galda drāna, galddrāna ― tablecloth
    galda teniss ― table tennis (game)
    mazgāt galdu ― to wash the table
    pārklāt galdu ― to cover the table
    sasēsties ap galdu ― to sit at the table
    operācijas galds ― operation table (where surgery is performed)
* (by metonymy) table (a table drawer or small cabinet)
    ielikt rakstāmpiederumus galdā ― to put the stationary (lit. writing things) in the table (= drawer)
    izņemt grāmatu no galda ― to take a book from the table (= drawer)
    noglabāt dokumentus galdā ― to keep documents in the talbe (= drawer)
    aizslēgt, atvērt galdu ― to lock, to open the table (= drawer)
    sameklēt galdā papīru ― to look for paper in the table (= drawer)
* table, buffet (the food and drinks placed on the table; said food and drinks together with the table)
    lūgt pie galda ― to invite to the table (= to eat)
    bagātīgs dzīru galds ― rich banquet table
    viesību galds ― party table
    lepns kāzu galds ― proud (= exquisite) wedding table
    pilns galds ― full table (i.e., with a lot of food, drinks)
    tukšs galds ― empty table (i.e., with little or no food, drinks)
* table (type of food)
    siltais, aukstais galds ― warm, coold table (with warm, cold food)
    kafijas galds ― coffee table (with coffee, cookies, etc.)
* table (a meal, the food consumed during a meal)
    pusdienu galds ― lunch table
    galda runa ― table speech (speech made during a meal)
* table (group of people sitting at the same table and eating together)
    kalpu galds ― servants' table
    saimnieku galds ― masters' table
* board especially treated to make a certain specific object
    mucas galdi ― barrel boards (= for making barrels)
    laivas galdi ― ship boards (= for making ships)
    gultas galdi ― bed boards (= for making beds)
* board, table (horizontal surface or platform for some device or machine)
    kuļmašīnas galds ― threshing machine table

#### Derived terms

* aizgalds
* galdnieks, galdniece, galdniecība
* rakstāmgalds

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “galds”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN