# akhiwa
## Zulu
### Etymology

From -akha +‎ -wa.

### Verb

-akhiwa$^?$
* (intransitive) to be built, constructed
* (intransitive) to be produced, manufactured

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukwakhiwa |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukwakhiwa | ukungakhiwa |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | yakhiwa | -akhiwe |
| Plural | yakhiwani | -akhiweni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyakhiwa, ngakhiwa | engakhiwayo, engakhiwa | ngakhiwa | angakhiwa | engingakhiwa | ngingakhiwa |
| 2nd singular | uyakhiwa, wakhiwa | owakhiwayo, owakhiwa | wakhiwa | awakhiwa | ongakhiwa | ungakhiwa |
| 1st plural | siyakhiwa, sakhiwa | esakhiwayo, esakhiwa | sakhiwa | asakhiwa | esingakhiwa | singakhiwa |
| 2nd plural | niyakhiwa, nakhiwa | enakhiwayo, enakhiwa | nakhiwa | anakhiwa | eningakhiwa | ningakhiwa |
| Class 1 | uyakhiwa, wakhiwa | owakhiwayo, owakhiwa | akhiwa | akakhiwa | ongakhiwa | engakhiwa |
| Class 2 | bayakhiwa, bakhiwa | abakhiwayo, abakhiwa | bakhiwa | abakhiwa | abangakhiwa | bengakhiwa |
| Class 3 | uyakhiwa, wakhiwa | owakhiwayo, owakhiwa | wakhiwa | awakhiwa | ongakhiwa | ungakhiwa |
| Class 4 | iyakhiwa, yakhiwa | eyakhiwayo, eyakhiwa | yakhiwa | ayakhiwa | engakhiwa | ingakhiwa |
| Class 5 | liyakhiwa, lakhiwa | elakhiwayo, elakhiwa | lakhiwa | alakhiwa | elingakhiwa | lingakhiwa |
| Class 6 | ayakhiwa, akhiwa | akhiwayo, akhiwa | akhiwa | awakhiwa | angakhiwa | engakhiwa |
| Class 7 | siyakhiwa, sakhiwa | esakhiwayo, esakhiwa | sakhiwa | asakhiwa | esingakhiwa | singakhiwa |
| Class 8 | ziyakhiwa, zakhiwa | ezakhiwayo, ezakhiwa | zakhiwa | azakhiwa | ezingakhiwa | zingakhiwa |
| Class 9 | iyakhiwa, yakhiwa | eyakhiwayo, eyakhiwa | yakhiwa | ayakhiwa | engakhiwa | ingakhiwa |
| Class 10 | ziyakhiwa, zakhiwa | ezakhiwayo, ezakhiwa | zakhiwa | azakhiwa | ezingakhiwa | zingakhiwa |
| Class 11 | luyakhiwa, lwakhiwa | olwakhiwayo, olwakhiwa | lwakhiwa | alwakhiwa | olungakhiwa | lungakhiwa |
| Class 14 | buyakhiwa, bakhiwa | obakhiwayo, obakhiwa | bakhiwa | abakhiwa | obungakhiwa | bungakhiwa |
| Class 15 | kuyakhiwa, kwakhiwa | okwakhiwayo, okwakhiwa | kwakhiwa | akwakhiwa | okungakhiwa | kungakhiwa |
| Class 17 | kuyakhiwa, kwakhiwa | okwakhiwayo, okwakhiwa | kwakhiwa | akwakhiwa | okungakhiwa | kungakhiwa |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngakhiwe, ngakhiwē | engakhiwe, engakhiwē | ngakhiwe, ngakhiwē | angakhiwanga | engingakhiwanga | ngingakhiwanga |
| 2nd singular | wakhiwe, wakhiwē | owakhiwe, owakhiwē | wakhiwe, wakhiwē | awakhiwanga | ongakhiwanga | ungakhiwanga |
| 1st plural | sakhiwe, sakhiwē | esakhiwe, esakhiwē | sakhiwe, sakhiwē | asakhiwanga | esingakhiwanga | singakhiwanga |
| 2nd plural | nakhiwe, nakhiwē | enakhiwe, enakhiwē | nakhiwe, nakhiwē | anakhiwanga | eningakhiwanga | ningakhiwanga |
| Class 1 | wakhiwe, wakhiwē | owakhiwe, owakhiwē | akhiwe, akhiwē | akakhiwanga | ongakhiwanga | engakhiwanga |
| Class 2 | bakhiwe, bakhiwē | abakhiwe, abakhiwē | bakhiwe, bakhiwē | abakhiwanga | abangakhiwanga | bengakhiwanga |
| Class 3 | wakhiwe, wakhiwē | owakhiwe, owakhiwē | wakhiwe, wakhiwē | awakhiwanga | ongakhiwanga | ungakhiwanga |
| Class 4 | yakhiwe, yakhiwē | eyakhiwe, eyakhiwē | yakhiwe, yakhiwē | ayakhiwanga | engakhiwanga | ingakhiwanga |
| Class 5 | lakhiwe, lakhiwē | elakhiwe, elakhiwē | lakhiwe, lakhiwē | alakhiwanga | elingakhiwanga | lingakhiwanga |
| Class 6 | akhiwe, akhiwē | akhiwe, akhiwē | akhiwe, akhiwē | awakhiwanga | angakhiwanga | engakhiwanga |
| Class 7 | sakhiwe, sakhiwē | esakhiwe, esakhiwē | sakhiwe, sakhiwē | asakhiwanga | esingakhiwanga | singakhiwanga |
| Class 8 | zakhiwe, zakhiwē | ezakhiwe, ezakhiwē | zakhiwe, zakhiwē | azakhiwanga | ezingakhiwanga | zingakhiwanga |
| Class 9 | yakhiwe, yakhiwē | eyakhiwe, eyakhiwē | yakhiwe, yakhiwē | ayakhiwanga | engakhiwanga | ingakhiwanga |
| Class 10 | zakhiwe, zakhiwē | ezakhiwe, ezakhiwē | zakhiwe, zakhiwē | azakhiwanga | ezingakhiwanga | zingakhiwanga |
| Class 11 | lwakhiwe, lwakhiwē | olwakhiwe, olwakhiwē | lwakhiwe, lwakhiwē | alwakhiwanga | olungakhiwanga | lungakhiwanga |
| Class 14 | bakhiwe, bakhiwē | obakhiwe, obakhiwē | bakhiwe, bakhiwē | abakhiwanga | obungakhiwanga | bungakhiwanga |
| Class 15 | kwakhiwe, kwakhiwē | okwakhiwe, okwakhiwē | kwakhiwe, kwakhiwē | akwakhiwanga | okungakhiwanga | kungakhiwanga |
| Class 17 | kwakhiwe, kwakhiwē | okwakhiwe, okwakhiwē | kwakhiwe, kwakhiwē | akwakhiwanga | okungakhiwanga | kungakhiwanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngākhiwa | engākhiwa | ngākhiwa | angakhiwanga | engingakhiwanga | ngingakhiwanga |
| 2nd singular | wākhiwa | owākhiwa | wākhiwa | awakhiwanga | ongakhiwanga | ungakhiwanga |
| 1st plural | sākhiwa | esākhiwa | sākhiwa | asakhiwanga | esingakhiwanga | singakhiwanga |
| 2nd plural | nākhiwa | enākhiwa | nākhiwa | anakhiwanga | eningakhiwanga | ningakhiwanga |
| Class 1 | wākhiwa | owākhiwa | ākhiwa | akakhiwanga | ongakhiwanga | engakhiwanga |
| Class 2 | bākhiwa | abākhiwa | bākhiwa | abakhiwanga | abangakhiwanga | bengakhiwanga |
| Class 3 | wākhiwa | owākhiwa | wākhiwa | awakhiwanga | ongakhiwanga | ungakhiwanga |
| Class 4 | yākhiwa | eyākhiwa | yākhiwa | ayakhiwanga | engakhiwanga | ingakhiwanga |
| Class 5 | lākhiwa | elākhiwa | lākhiwa | alakhiwanga | elingakhiwanga | lingakhiwanga |
| Class 6 | ākhiwa | ākhiwa | ākhiwa | awakhiwanga | angakhiwanga | engakhiwanga |
| Class 7 | sākhiwa | esākhiwa | sākhiwa | asakhiwanga | esingakhiwanga | singakhiwanga |
| Class 8 | zākhiwa | ezākhiwa | zākhiwa | azakhiwanga | ezingakhiwanga | zingakhiwanga |
| Class 9 | yākhiwa | eyākhiwa | yākhiwa | ayakhiwanga | engakhiwanga | ingakhiwanga |
| Class 10 | zākhiwa | ezākhiwa | zākhiwa | azakhiwanga | ezingakhiwanga | zingakhiwanga |
| Class 11 | lwākhiwa | olwākhiwa | lwākhiwa | alwakhiwanga | olungakhiwanga | lungakhiwanga |
| Class 14 | bākhiwa | obākhiwa | bākhiwa | abakhiwanga | obungakhiwanga | bungakhiwanga |
| Class 15 | kwākhiwa | okwākhiwa | kwākhiwa | akwakhiwanga | okungakhiwanga | kungakhiwanga |
| Class 17 | kwākhiwa | okwākhiwa | kwākhiwa | akwakhiwanga | okungakhiwanga | kungakhiwanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingakhiwa | — | ngingakhiwa | ngingakhiwe | — | ngingakhiwe |
| 2nd singular | ungakhiwa | — | ungakhiwa | ungakhiwe | — | ungakhiwe |
| 1st plural | singakhiwa | — | singakhiwa | singakhiwe | — | singakhiwe |
| 2nd plural | ningakhiwa | — | ningakhiwa | ningakhiwe | — | ningakhiwe |
| Class 1 | angakhiwa | — | engakhiwa | angakhiwe | — | engakhiwe |
| Class 2 | bangakhiwa | — | bengakhiwa | bangakhiwe | — | bengakhiwe |
| Class 3 | ungakhiwa | — | ungakhiwa | ungakhiwe | — | ungakhiwe |
| Class 4 | ingakhiwa | — | ingakhiwa | ingakhiwe | — | ingakhiwe |
| Class 5 | lingakhiwa | — | lingakhiwa | lingakhiwe | — | lingakhiwe |
| Class 6 | angakhiwa | — | engakhiwa | angakhiwe | — | engakhiwe |
| Class 7 | singakhiwa | — | singakhiwa | singakhiwe | — | singakhiwe |
| Class 8 | zingakhiwa | — | zingakhiwa | zingakhiwe | — | zingakhiwe |
| Class 9 | ingakhiwa | — | ingakhiwa | ingakhiwe | — | ingakhiwe |
| Class 10 | zingakhiwa | — | zingakhiwa | zingakhiwe | — | zingakhiwe |
| Class 11 | lungakhiwa | — | lungakhiwa | lungakhiwe | — | lungakhiwe |
| Class 14 | bungakhiwa | — | bungakhiwa | bungakhiwe | — | bungakhiwe |
| Class 15 | kungakhiwa | — | kungakhiwa | kungakhiwe | — | kungakhiwe |
| Class 17 | kungakhiwa | — | kungakhiwa | kungakhiwe | — | kungakhiwe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizokwakhiwa | engizokwakhiwa | ngizokwakhiwa | angizukwakhiwa | engingezukwakhiwa | ngingezukwakhiwa |
| 2nd singular | uzokwakhiwa | ozokwakhiwa | uzokwakhiwa | awuzukwakhiwa | ongezukwakhiwa | ungezukwakhiwa |
| 1st plural | sizokwakhiwa | esizokwakhiwa | sizokwakhiwa | asizukwakhiwa | esingezukwakhiwa | singezukwakhiwa |
| 2nd plural | nizokwakhiwa | enizokwakhiwa | nizokwakhiwa | anizukwakhiwa | eningezukwakhiwa | ningezukwakhiwa |
| Class 1 | uzokwakhiwa | ozokwakhiwa | ezokwakhiwa | akazukwakhiwa | ongezukwakhiwa | engezukwakhiwa |
| Class 2 | bazokwakhiwa | abazokwakhiwa | bezokwakhiwa | abazukwakhiwa | abangezukwakhiwa | bengezukwakhiwa |
| Class 3 | uzokwakhiwa | ozokwakhiwa | uzokwakhiwa | awuzukwakhiwa | ongezukwakhiwa | ungezukwakhiwa |
| Class 4 | izokwakhiwa | ezokwakhiwa | izokwakhiwa | ayizukwakhiwa | engezukwakhiwa | ingezukwakhiwa |
| Class 5 | lizokwakhiwa | elizokwakhiwa | lizokwakhiwa | alizukwakhiwa | elingezukwakhiwa | lingezukwakhiwa |
| Class 6 | azokwakhiwa | azokwakhiwa | ezokwakhiwa | awazukwakhiwa | angezukwakhiwa | engezukwakhiwa |
| Class 7 | sizokwakhiwa | esizokwakhiwa | sizokwakhiwa | asizukwakhiwa | esingezukwakhiwa | singezukwakhiwa |
| Class 8 | zizokwakhiwa | ezizokwakhiwa | zizokwakhiwa | azizukwakhiwa | ezingezukwakhiwa | zingezukwakhiwa |
| Class 9 | izokwakhiwa | ezokwakhiwa | izokwakhiwa | ayizukwakhiwa | engezukwakhiwa | ingezukwakhiwa |
| Class 10 | zizokwakhiwa | ezizokwakhiwa | zizokwakhiwa | azizukwakhiwa | ezingezukwakhiwa | zingezukwakhiwa |
| Class 11 | luzokwakhiwa | oluzokwakhiwa | luzokwakhiwa | aluzukwakhiwa | olungezukwakhiwa | lungezukwakhiwa |
| Class 14 | buzokwakhiwa | obuzokwakhiwa | buzokwakhiwa | abuzukwakhiwa | obungezukwakhiwa | bungezukwakhiwa |
| Class 15 | kuzokwakhiwa | okuzokwakhiwa | kuzokwakhiwa | akuzukwakhiwa | okungezukwakhiwa | kungezukwakhiwa |
| Class 17 | kuzokwakhiwa | okuzokwakhiwa | kuzokwakhiwa | akuzukwakhiwa | okungezukwakhiwa | kungezukwakhiwa |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyokwakhiwa | engiyokwakhiwa | ngiyokwakhiwa | angiyukwakhiwa | engingeyukwakhiwa | ngingeyukwakhiwa |
| 2nd singular | uyokwakhiwa | oyokwakhiwa | uyokwakhiwa | awuyukwakhiwa | ongeyukwakhiwa | ungeyukwakhiwa |
| 1st plural | siyokwakhiwa | esiyokwakhiwa | siyokwakhiwa | asiyukwakhiwa | esingeyukwakhiwa | singeyukwakhiwa |
| 2nd plural | niyokwakhiwa | eniyokwakhiwa | niyokwakhiwa | aniyukwakhiwa | eningeyukwakhiwa | ningeyukwakhiwa |
| Class 1 | uyokwakhiwa | oyokwakhiwa | eyokwakhiwa | akayukwakhiwa | ongeyukwakhiwa | engeyukwakhiwa |
| Class 2 | bayokwakhiwa | abayokwakhiwa | beyokwakhiwa | abayukwakhiwa | abangeyukwakhiwa | bengeyukwakhiwa |
| Class 3 | uyokwakhiwa | oyokwakhiwa | uyokwakhiwa | awuyukwakhiwa | ongeyukwakhiwa | ungeyukwakhiwa |
| Class 4 | iyokwakhiwa | eyokwakhiwa | iyokwakhiwa | ayiyukwakhiwa | engeyukwakhiwa | ingeyukwakhiwa |
| Class 5 | liyokwakhiwa | eliyokwakhiwa | liyokwakhiwa | aliyukwakhiwa | elingeyukwakhiwa | lingeyukwakhiwa |
| Class 6 | ayokwakhiwa | ayokwakhiwa | eyokwakhiwa | awayukwakhiwa | angeyukwakhiwa | engeyukwakhiwa |
| Class 7 | siyokwakhiwa | esiyokwakhiwa | siyokwakhiwa | asiyukwakhiwa | esingeyukwakhiwa | singeyukwakhiwa |
| Class 8 | ziyokwakhiwa | eziyokwakhiwa | ziyokwakhiwa | aziyukwakhiwa | ezingeyukwakhiwa | zingeyukwakhiwa |
| Class 9 | iyokwakhiwa | eyokwakhiwa | iyokwakhiwa | ayiyukwakhiwa | engeyukwakhiwa | ingeyukwakhiwa |
| Class 10 | ziyokwakhiwa | eziyokwakhiwa | ziyokwakhiwa | aziyukwakhiwa | ezingeyukwakhiwa | zingeyukwakhiwa |
| Class 11 | luyokwakhiwa | oluyokwakhiwa | luyokwakhiwa | aluyukwakhiwa | olungeyukwakhiwa | lungeyukwakhiwa |
| Class 14 | buyokwakhiwa | obuyokwakhiwa | buyokwakhiwa | abuyukwakhiwa | obungeyukwakhiwa | bungeyukwakhiwa |
| Class 15 | kuyokwakhiwa | okuyokwakhiwa | kuyokwakhiwa | akuyukwakhiwa | okungeyukwakhiwa | kungeyukwakhiwa |
| Class 17 | kuyokwakhiwa | okuyokwakhiwa | kuyokwakhiwa | akuyukwakhiwa | okungeyukwakhiwa | kungeyukwakhiwa |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngakhiwe | ngingakhiwa |
| 2nd singular | wakhiwe | ungakhiwa |
| 1st plural | sakhiwe | singakhiwa |
| 2nd plural | nakhiwe | ningakhiwa |
| Class 1 | akhiwe | angakhiwa |
| Class 2 | bakhiwe | bangakhiwa |
| Class 3 | wakhiwe | ungakhiwa |
| Class 4 | yakhiwe | ingakhiwa |
| Class 5 | lakhiwe | lingakhiwa |
| Class 6 | akhiwe | angakhiwa |
| Class 7 | sakhiwe | singakhiwa |
| Class 8 | zakhiwe | zingakhiwa |
| Class 9 | yakhiwe | ingakhiwa |
| Class 10 | zakhiwe | zingakhiwa |
| Class 11 | lwakhiwe | lungakhiwa |
| Class 14 | bakhiwe | bungakhiwa |
| Class 15 | kwakhiwe | kungakhiwa |
| Class 17 | kwakhiwe | kungakhiwa |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngakhiwa | ngangakhiwa, angakhiwa, angangakhiwa |
| 2nd singular | wakhiwa | wangakhiwa, awakhiwa, awangakhiwa |
| 1st plural | sakhiwa | sangakhiwa, asakhiwa, asangakhiwa |
| 2nd plural | nakhiwa | nangakhiwa, anakhiwa, anangakhiwa |
| Class 1 | wakhiwa | wangakhiwa, akakhiwa, akangakhiwa |
| Class 2 | bakhiwa | bangakhiwa, abakhiwa, abangakhiwa |
| Class 3 | wakhiwa | wangakhiwa, awakhiwa, awangakhiwa |
| Class 4 | yakhiwa | yangakhiwa, ayakhiwa, ayangakhiwa |
| Class 5 | lakhiwa | langakhiwa, alakhiwa, alangakhiwa |
| Class 6 | akhiwa | angakhiwa, awakhiwa, awangakhiwa |
| Class 7 | sakhiwa | sangakhiwa, asakhiwa, asangakhiwa |
| Class 8 | zakhiwa | zangakhiwa, azakhiwa, azangakhiwa |
| Class 9 | yakhiwa | yangakhiwa, ayakhiwa, ayangakhiwa |
| Class 10 | zakhiwa | zangakhiwa, azakhiwa, azangakhiwa |
| Class 11 | lwakhiwa | lwangakhiwa, alwakhiwa, alwangakhiwa |
| Class 14 | bakhiwa | bangakhiwa, abakhiwa, abangakhiwa |
| Class 15 | kwakhiwa | kwangakhiwa, akwakhiwa, akwangakhiwa |
| Class 17 | kwakhiwa | kwangakhiwa, akwakhiwa, akwangakhiwa |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “akha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “akha”