# imfolngai
## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* im·folṅgi

### Etymology

imm- +‎ fo·loing, but the inflection as a weak verb suggests an origin as a denominative verb.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [imʲˈɸolŋɨ]

### Verb

im·folngai (prototonic ·immolṅgai, verbal noun imḟolang)
* to effect, produce, cause
    Synonyms: ar·áili, do·áirci, fo·fera
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 92$^a$17
    Bed indbadigthi .i. bed chuintechti .i. cid fáilte ad·cot-sa ⁊ du·ngnéu, is túsu immid·ḟolngi dam, a Dǽ; cid indeb dano ad·cot, is tú, Dǽ, immid·ḟolngi dam.To be enriched, i.e. to be sought, i.e. though it is joy that I obtain and make, it is you who effects it for me, O God; so too, though it is wealth that I obtain, it is you, God, who effects it for me.
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 95$^a$5
    Is ed as·bertis b⟨a⟩ a nert fadesin imme·ḟolnged choscur doib, níbu Día.That is, they used to say that it was their own strength that produced victory for them, not God
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 126$^b$16
    Im·folṅgi inducbáil dó in molad ro·mmolastar Día.The praise (with) which he has praised God causes glory to him.

#### Inflection

| | | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. |
| Present indicative | Deut. | | | im·folngi, im·folngai | im·folnget, im·folngat | im·folngar, im·folangar | |
| Present indicative | Prot. | | | ·immolṅgai | ·imḟolnget | ·immolṅgaithær | |
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | | | | | | |
| Imperfect indicative | Prot. | | | | | | |
| Preterite | Deut. | | | | | | |
| Preterite | Prot. | | | | | | |
| Perfect | Deut. | | im·forlaingis | im·forling, im·forlaing | | im·forlinged | im·forlaingthea |
| Perfect | Prot. | | | | | ·imforlainged | |
| Future | Deut. | | | im·folnguba | | | |
| Future | Prot. | | | | | | |
| Conditional | Deut. | | | | | | |
| Conditional | Prot. | | | | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | | im·folngae | im·folnga | im·folnget | im·folngither | |
| Present subjunctive | Prot. | ·rimfolngar (ro-form) | ·imḟorlainge | | | | |
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | | | im·folnged; imme·ḟolnged (relative) | | | |
| Past subjunctive | Prot. | | | | ·imḟolngitis | ·imḟolangide | |
| Imperative | Imperative | | | | | | |
| Verbal noun | Verbal noun | imḟolang | | | | | |
| Past participle | Past participle | | | | | | |
| Verbal of necessity | Verbal of necessity | | | | | | |

#### Derived terms

* immid·ḟolngi
* nephaithimḟolngide
* nephimḟolngide

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “imm·folngai, imm·foilngi”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 569