OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 打ち砕く
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 打 | 砕 |
| う Grade: 3 | くだ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 打ち碎く (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うちくだく [ùchíkúdáꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [4])
* (Tokyo) うちくだく [ùchíkúdákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɯ̟t͡ɕikɯ̟da̠kɯ̟]

### Verb

打(う)ち砕(くだ)く • (uchikudaku) transitive godan (stem 打(う)ち砕(くだ)き (uchikudaki), past 打(う)ち砕(くだ)いた (uchikudaita))
* smash (to break violently)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 打ち砕か | うちくだくか | uchikudakuka |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 打ち砕き | うちくだくき | uchikudakuki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 打ち砕く | うちくだくく | uchikudakuku |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 打ち砕く | うちくだくく | uchikudakuku |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 打ち砕け | うちくだくけ | uchikudakuke |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 打ち砕け | うちくだくけ | uchikudakuke |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 打ち砕かれる | うちくだくかれる | uchikudakukareru |
| Causative | 打ち砕かせる 打ち砕かす | うちくだくかせる うちくだくかす | uchikudakukaseru uchikudakukasu |
| Potential | 打ち砕ける | うちくだくける | uchikudakukeru |
| Volitional | 打ち砕こう | うちくだくこう | uchikudakukō |
| Negative | 打ち砕かない | うちくだくかない | uchikudakukanai |
| Negative continuative | 打ち砕かず | うちくだくかず | uchikudakukazu |
| Formal | 打ち砕きます | うちくだくきます | uchikudakukimasu |
| Perfective | 打ち砕いた | うちくだくいた | uchikudakuita |
| Conjunctive | 打ち砕いて | うちくだくいて | uchikudakuite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 打ち砕けば | うちくだくけば | uchikudakukeba |

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# vägskälets
## Swedish
### Noun

vägskälets
* definite genitive singular of vägskäl
# edustutaan
## Finnish
### Verb

edustutaan
* present passive indicative of edustua

### Anagrams

* asettaudun
# riannunceremmo
## Italian
### Verb

riannunceremmo
* first-person plural conditional of riannunciare
# соголуван
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sɔˈɡɔɫuvan]

### Participle

соголуван • (sogoluvan)
* masculine singular adjectival participle of соголува (sogoluva)
# flat nappies
## English
### Noun

flat nappies
* plural of flat nappy
# avasalláremos
## Spanish
### Verb

avasalláremos
* first-person plural future subjunctive of avasallar
# βραχυκύκλωμα
## Greek
### Etymology

From βραχυ- (vrachy-, “short, small”) +‎ κύκλωμα (kýkloma, “circuit”), calque of English short circuit.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɾaçiˈcikloma/
* Hyphenation: βρα‧χυ‧κύ‧κλω‧μα

### Noun

βραχυκύκλωμα • (vrachykýkloma) n (plural βραχυκυκλώματα)
* (electricity) short circuit

#### Declension

| | singular | plural |
| nominative | βραχυκύκλωμα • | βραχυκυκλώματα • |
| genitive | βραχυκυκλώματος • | βραχυκυκλωμάτων • |
| accusative | βραχυκύκλωμα • | βραχυκυκλώματα • |
| vocative | βραχυκύκλωμα • | βραχυκυκλώματα • |

#### Related terms

* βραχυκυκλώνω (vrachykyklóno, “to short circuit”)
# 打ち果たす
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of 打ち果たす – see the following entry. :
| 【討うち果はたす】 | [verb] to slay, to kill Alternative spellings 討ち果す, 打ち果す |
(This term, 打ち果たす, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# vânare
## Romanian
### Etymology

From vâna +‎ -re.

### Noun

vânare f (plural vânări)
* hunting
# Puppenjunge
## German
### Etymology

Euphemistic form of Pupenjunge. Surface analysis: Puppe (“doll”) +‎ Junge (“male youth”).

### Noun

Puppenjunge m (weak, genitive Puppenjungen, plural Puppenjungen)
* (derogatory) Euphemistic form of Pupenjunge (“male prostitute”).

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ John Henry Mackay (1926) Hubert Kennedy, transl., The Hustler: The Story of a Nameless Love from Friedrich Street, Alyson Publications, published 1985, →ISBN, page 293
# riconsoleranno
## Italian
### Verb

riconsoleranno
* third-person plural future of riconsolare
# соговорница
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sɔɡɔˈvɔrnit͡sa]
* Rhymes: -it͡sa

### Noun

соговорница • (sogovornica) f (masculine соговорник)
* female interlocutor
# Muffe
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmʊfə/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Muf‧fe

### Noun

Muffe
* nominative/accusative/genitive plural of Muff
* (archaic) dative singular of Muff

### Noun

Muffe f (genitive Muffe, plural Muffen)
* pipe-connecting sleeve, clutch, muff
* (colloquial, regional) heebie-jeebies, fear

#### Derived terms

* muffen
* vermuffen
# avainten
## Finnish
### Noun

avainten
* genitive plural of avain
# ειρωνικός
## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek εἰρωνικός (eirōnikós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ironiˈkos/
* Hyphenation: ει‧ρω‧νι‧κός

### Adjective

ειρωνικός • (eironikós) m (feminine ειρωνική, neuter ειρωνικό)
* ironic, derisive
    Synonyms: σαρκαστικός (sarkastikós), σκωπτικός (skoptikós)

#### Declension

| number case \ gender | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| number case \ gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | ειρωνικός • | ειρωνική • | ειρωνικό • | ειρωνικοί • | ειρωνικές • | ειρωνικά • |
| genitive | ειρωνικού • | ειρωνικής • | ειρωνικού • | ειρωνικών • | ειρωνικών • | ειρωνικών • |
| accusative | ειρωνικό • | ειρωνική • | ειρωνικό • | ειρωνικούς • | ειρωνικές • | ειρωνικά • |
| vocative | ειρωνικέ • | ειρωνική • | ειρωνικό • | ειρωνικοί • | ειρωνικές • | ειρωνικά • |
| derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο ειρωνικός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο ειρωνικός, etc.) | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο ειρωνικός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο ειρωνικός, etc.) | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο ειρωνικός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο ειρωνικός, etc.) | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο ειρωνικός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο ειρωνικός, etc.) | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο ειρωνικός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο ειρωνικός, etc.) | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο ειρωνικός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο ειρωνικός, etc.) |

#### Related terms

* see: ειρωνεία f (eironeía, “irony”)
# 拜火教
## Chinese

* 拜火教

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Bàihuǒjiào
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baai$^3$ fo$^2$ gaau$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Pài-hóe-kàu / Pài-hé-kàu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Bàihuǒjiào
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Bàihuǒjiào
*** Wade–Giles: Pai$^4$-huo$^3$-chiao$^4$
*** Yale: Bài-hwǒ-jyàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Bayhuoojiaw
*** Palladius: Байхоцзяо (Bajxoczjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /paɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baai$^3$ fo$^2$ gaau$^3$
*** Yale: baai fó gaau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baai$^3$ fo$^2$ gaau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bai$^3$ fo$^2$ gao$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːi̯³³ fɔː³⁵ kaːu̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pài-hóe-kàu
*** Tâi-lô: Pài-hué-kàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pae'hoefkaux
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pai²¹⁻⁴¹ hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pài-hé-kàu
*** Tâi-lô: Pài-hé-kàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pae'hefkaux
*** IPA (Taipei): /pai¹¹⁻⁵³ he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau¹¹/

### Proper noun

拜火教
* Zoroastrianism

#### Synonyms

* 瑣羅亞斯德教／琐罗亚斯德教 (Suǒluóyàsīdéjiào)
* 祆教 (Xiānjiào)
# vähemalt
## Estonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvæhemɑlt/, [ˈvæɦemɑltˑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑlt
* Hyphenation: vä‧he‧malt

### Etymology 1

vähem +‎ -lt

#### Adverb

vähemalt (not comparable)
* at least
    Synonym: vähemasti
    Kokku tuli vähemalt 50 inimest. ― At least 50 people came in total.
    Igale lapsele anti vähemalt keskkooliharidus. ― Every child got at least a secondary school education.
    Tahaks reisida, vähemalt Eesti piirides. ― I'd like to travel, at least within Estonia.
    Kui sa muust ei hooli, siis mõtle vähemalt laste peale. ― If you don't care about anything else, at least think about the children.

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

vähemalt
* ablative singular of vähem

### References

* vähemalt in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
* “vähemalt”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
# efikanton
## Esperanto
### Noun

efikanton
* accusative singular present nominal active participle of efiki
# riconsolavo
## Italian
### Verb

riconsolavo
* first-person singular imperfect indicative of riconsolare

### Anagrams

* scivolarono, scolorivano, svicolarono
# сошлись
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sɐʂˈlʲisʲ]

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

сошли́сь • (sošlísʹ)
* plural past indicative perfective of сойти́сь (sojtísʹ)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

сошли́сь • (sošlísʹ)
* second-person singular imperative perfective of сосла́ться (soslátʹsja)
# 拜正
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pài-chiaⁿ
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pài-chiaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: pài-tsiann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: paecviaf
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siã⁴⁴/

### Verb

拜正
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to exchange New Year's greetings; to pay someone a courtesy call on New Year's Day or shortly thereafter, usually with a present

#### Synonyms

* 拜年 (bàinián)
* 拜歲／拜岁 (Ningbonese)
* 賀年／贺年 (hènián)
* 賀正／贺正 (hèzhēng)
* 賀歲／贺岁 (hèsuì)
# 成命
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chéngmìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sing$^4$ ming$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sêng-bēng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéngmìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéngmìng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$-ming$^4$
*** Yale: chéng-mìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngminq
*** Palladius: чэнмин (čɛnmin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^4$ ming$^6$
*** Yale: sìhng mihng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^4$ ming$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^4$ ming$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ²¹ mɪŋ²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-bēng
*** Tâi-lô: sîng-bīng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sengbeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/

#### Noun

成命
* order, instruction or decision already made

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiâⁿ-miā / chiâⁿ-miā
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiâⁿ-miā
*** Tâi-lô: tshiânn-miā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chviamia
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiã²³⁻³³ miã³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiã²⁴⁻²² miã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiã²⁴⁻¹¹ miã³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiã²⁴⁻²² miã²²/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâⁿ-miā
*** Tâi-lô: tsiânn-miā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cviamia
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siã²³⁻³³ miã³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siã²⁴⁻¹¹ miã³³/

#### Verb

成命
* (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to cause death

##### Synonyms

* 致命 (zhìmìng)
# 拖後腿
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tuō hòutuǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛ ㄏㄡˋ ㄊㄨㄟˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): to$^1$ hau$^6$ teoi$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thoa-āu-thúi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tuō hòutuǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛ ㄏㄡˋ ㄊㄨㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tuo hòutuěi
*** Wade–Giles: tʻo$^1$ hou$^4$-tʻui$^3$
*** Yale: twō hòu-twěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuo howtoei
*** Palladius: то хоутуй (to xoutuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹ tʰu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: to$^1$ hau$^6$ teoi$^2$
*** Yale: tō hauh téui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: to$^1$ hau$^6$ toey$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: to$^1$ heo$^6$ têu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔː⁵⁵ hɐu̯²² tʰɵy̯³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thoa-āu-thúi
*** Tâi-lô: thua-āu-thuí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: toa'auxtuie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰua⁴⁴⁻²² au²²⁻²¹ tʰui⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰua³³ au⁴¹⁻²² tʰui⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰua⁴⁴⁻²² au²²⁻²¹ tʰui⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰua⁴⁴⁻³³ au³³⁻¹¹ tʰui⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰua⁴⁴⁻³³ au³³⁻²¹ tʰui⁴¹/

### Verb

拖⫽後腿 (verb-object)
* to hold back; to hinder; to hamper

#### Synonyms

* 扯後腿／扯后腿 (chě hòutuǐ)
* 拉後腿／拉后腿 (lā hòutuǐ)
* (Hokkien) 擢後跤／擢后跤
# 拖字诀
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 拖字诀 – see 拖字訣 (“procrastination tactics; delaying tactics”). (This term is the simplified form of 拖字訣).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 拖宕
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tuōdàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛ ㄉㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): to$^1$ dong$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tuōdàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛ ㄉㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tuodàng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻo$^1$-tang$^4$
*** Yale: twō-dàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuodanq
*** Palladius: тодан (todan)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: to$^1$ dong$^6$
*** Yale: tō dohng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: to$^1$ dong$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: to$^1$ dong$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔː⁵⁵ tɔːŋ²²/

### Verb

拖宕
* to delay; to put off; to procrastinate; to adjourn; to defer

#### Synonyms

* 展緩／展缓 (zhǎnhuǎn)
* 延宕 (yándàng) (literary)
* 延延 (Hokkien)
* 延後／延后 (yánhòu)
* 延期 (yánqī)
* 延緩／延缓 (yánhuǎn)
* 延誤／延误 (yánwù)
* 延遲／延迟 (yánchí)
* 拖 (tuō)
* 拖延 (tuōyán)
* 拖拉 (tuōlā)
* 拖磨 (tuōmó) (literary)
* 拖逗 (tuōdòu) (literary)
* 挨 (ái)
* 挨延 (Hokkien)
* 挨稽 (Hokkien)
* 挨臺／挨台 (ngai$^2$ tai$^2$) (Sichuanese)
* 推宕 (tuīdàng) (literary)
* 捱延 (Hokkien)
* 推延 (tuīyán)
* 捱稽 (Hokkien)
* 推遲／推迟 (tuīchí)
* 暫緩／暂缓 (zànhuǎn)
* 稽延 (jīyán) (literary)
* 緩／缓 (huǎn)
* 耗 (regional)
* 耽延 (dānyán)
* 耽擱／耽搁
* 耽誤／耽误
* 貽誤／贻误 (yíwù)
* 遷延／迁延 (qiānyán) (literary)
* 遲延／迟延 (chíyán)
* 遲滯／迟滞 (chízhì)
* 遲誤／迟误 (chíwù) (formal)
* 順延／顺延 (shùnyán)

#### Antonyms

* 提前 (tíqián)
* 提早 (tízǎo)
* 進前／进前 (Hokkien)
# 成羣結隊
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 成羣結隊 – see 成群結隊 (“to gather in groups; to gather in crowds; to band together”). (This term is a variant traditional form of 成群結隊).
# 慗

| 慗 | U+6157, &#24919; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6157 |
| ← 慖 [U+6156] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 慘 → [U+6158] |

## Translingual
### Han character

慗 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 木大心 (DKP) or 難難難木大 (XXXDK), composition ⿱敕心)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 398, character 37
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11093
* Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2341, character 12
* Unihan data for U+6157

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 敕 | *tʰɯɡ |
| 勅 | *tʰɯɡ |
| 鷘 | *tʰɯɡ |
| 慗 | *tʰɯɡ |
| 遫 | *tʰɯɡ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chì (chi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cik$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chì
*** Zhuyin: ㄔˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chìh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻih$^4$
*** Yale: chr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyh
*** Palladius: чи (či)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cik$^1$
*** Yale: chīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: trhik
Rime :
| Character | 慗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 徹 (10) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 恥力切 |
| Baxter | trhik |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈʰɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈʰɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶʰiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈʰik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶʰiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶʰĭək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶʰi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰɯɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 慗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1488 |
| Phonetic component | 敕 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 敕 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰɯɡ/ |

### Definitions

慗
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* (Cantonese) Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 2), p. 109
# 拿摩温
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 拿摩温 – see 拿摩溫 (“foreman; etc.”). (This term is the simplified and variant traditional form of 拿摩溫).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 拿督
## Chinese

* 拿督

### Etymology

Borrowed from Malay datuk.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nádū
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄚˊ ㄉㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): naa$^4$ duk$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nádū
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄚˊ ㄉㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nádu
*** Wade–Giles: na$^2$-tu$^1$
*** Yale: ná-dū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nadu
*** Palladius: наду (nadu)
*** Sinological IPA : /nä³⁵ tu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naa$^4$ duk$^1$
*** Yale: nàh dūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naa$^4$ duk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: na$^4$ dug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /naː²¹ tʊk̚⁵/
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “Hokkien”

### Noun

拿督
* datuk; dato (traditional Malay honorific title)

#### See also

* 達圖／达图
# 拿来
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 拿来 – see 拿來 (“to bring, to fetch, to get”). (This term is the simplified form of 拿來).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 指责型
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 指责型 – see 指責型 (“accusatory; accusative”). (This term is the simplified form of 指責型).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 指針
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǐzhēn
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˇ ㄓㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^2$ zam$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chí-cham / chí-chiam
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐzhēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˇ ㄓㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐhjhen
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^3$-chên$^1$
*** Yale: jř-jēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyyjen
*** Palladius: чжичжэнь (čžičžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^2$ zam$^1$
*** Yale: jí jām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^2$ dzam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^2$ zem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː³⁵ t͡sɐm⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí-cham
*** Tâi-lô: tsí-tsam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cyzafm
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sam³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí-chiam
*** Tâi-lô: tsí-tsiam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cyciafm
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siam⁴⁴/

### Noun

指針
* (literally) needle; indicator; hand on a clock
* (figuratively) guiding principle; guide
    From: Karl Marx (original author), “Young People in the Choice of Occupation When Considering”
    Zài xuǎnzé zhíyè shí, wǒmen yīnggāi zūnxún de zhǔyào zhǐzhēn shì rénlèi de xìngfú hé wǒmen zìshēn de wánměi. [Pinyin]
    In choosing a career, the main guiding principles we should follow are the happiness of humans and the perfection of our own.
* (programming, Mainland China) pointer
    空指針異常／空指针异常 ― kōngzhǐzhēn yìcháng ― null pointer exception

#### Synonyms

* (pointer): (Taiwan) 指標／指标 (zhǐbiāo)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 指 | 針 |
| し Grade: 3 | しん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

指(し)針(しん) • (shishin)
* needle
* index
* guideline
# 我的天
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wǒ de tiān
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄛˇ ˙ㄉㄜ ㄊㄧㄢ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǒ de tiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄛˇ ˙ㄉㄜ ㄊㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǒ de̊ tian
*** Wade–Giles: wo$^3$ tê$^5$ tʻien$^1$
*** Yale: wǒ de tyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woo .de tian
*** Palladius: во дэ тянь (vo dɛ tjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔ²¹⁴ d̥ə⁴ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

### Interjection

我的天
* wow; dear me; good heavens; OMG

#### Synonyms

* 哇老誒／哇老诶 (wà láo ei) (chiefly Singapore/Malaysia, slang)
* 喔麥尬／喔麦尬 (ōmàigà) (chiefly Taiwan, slang)
* 天哪 (tiān na)
* 天啊 (tiān a)
* 好家伙 (hǎojiāhuo)
* 媽呀／妈呀 (māya)
* 我父 (ua$^2$ bê$^6$) (Teochew)
* 我的天啊 (wǒ de tiān a)
* 我的媽呀／我的妈呀 (wǒdemāya)
* 我空 (Philippine Hokkien)
* 我苦 (Hokkien)
* 我迸 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 皇天 (Wenzhounese)
* 阿姆哀 (Hakka)
# 掛け買い
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 掛 | 買 |
| か Grade: S | か > が Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||

### Alternative forms

* 掛買い

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かけがい [kàkégáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠ke̞ɡa̠i]

### Noun

掛(か)け買(が)い • (kakegai)
* buying on credit; credit purchase

### Verb

掛(か)け買(が)いする • (kakegai suru) suru (stem 掛(か)け買(が)いし (kakegai shi), past 掛(か)け買(が)いした (kakegai shita))
* to buy on credit; to buy on account

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 掛け買いし | かけがいし | kakegai shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 掛け買いし | かけがいし | kakegai shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 掛け買いする | かけがいする | kakegai suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 掛け買いする | かけがいする | kakegai suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 掛け買いすれ | かけがいすれ | kakegai sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 掛け買いせよ¹ 掛け買いしろ² | かけがいせよ¹ かけがいしろ² | kakegai seyo¹ kakegai shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 掛け買いされる | かけがいされる | kakegai sareru |
| Causative | 掛け買いさせる 掛け買いさす | かけがいさせる かけがいさす | kakegai saseru kakegai sasu |
| Potential | 掛け買いできる | かけがいできる | kakegai dekiru |
| Volitional | 掛け買いしよう | かけがいしよう | kakegai shiyō |
| Negative | 掛け買いしない | かけがいしない | kakegai shinai |
| Negative continuative | 掛け買いせず | かけがいせず | kakegai sezu |
| Formal | 掛け買いします | かけがいします | kakegai shimasu |
| Perfective | 掛け買いした | かけがいした | kakegai shita |
| Conjunctive | 掛け買いして | かけがいして | kakegai shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 掛け買いすれば | かけがいすれば | kakegai sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* 掛(か)け (kake)
* 買(か)い掛(が)かり (kaigakari)

#### Antonyms

* 掛(か)け売(う)り (kakeuri, “selling on credit”)
* 現金買(げんきんが)い (genkingai, “buying in cash”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 懼內
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jùnèi
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˋ ㄋㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): geoi$^6$ noi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jùnèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˋ ㄋㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyùnèi
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^4$-nei$^4$
*** Yale: jyù-nèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiuhney
*** Palladius: цзюйнэй (czjujnɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: geoi$^6$ noi$^6$
*** Yale: geuih noih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: goey$^6$ noi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gêu$^6$ noi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵy̯²² nɔːi̯²²/

### Verb

懼內
* (formal, of a husband) to be fearful of one's wife; to be henpecked
# 打取る
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of 打取る – see the following entry. :
| 【討うち取とる】 | [verb] to kill (with a weapon) [verb] to defeat the opponent Alternative spellings 討取る, 打ち取る |
(This term, 打取る, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# 打同通
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): daa$^2$ tung$^4$ tung$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daa$^2$ tung$^4$ tung$^1$
*** Yale: dá tùhng tūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daa$^2$ tung$^4$ tung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: da$^2$ tung$^4$ tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /taː³⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

### Verb

打⫽同通 (verb-object)
* (Cantonese) to conspire

#### Synonyms

* 打籠通／打笼通 (daa$^2$ lung$^4$ tung$^1$)
# 搆陷
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 搆陷 – see 構陷 (“to frame; to falsely incriminate; to make a false charge against”). (This term is a variant traditional form of 構陷).