# ⲱⲛϩ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲱⲛϧ (ōnx) — Bohairic
* ⲱⲛⳉ (ōnx) — Akhmimic

### Etymology

Inherited from Demotic ꜥnḫ, from Egyptian ꜥnḫ,

### Noun

ⲱⲛϩ • (ōnh) m (uncountable)
* (Sahidic, Fayyumic, uncountable) life, state of showing vital signs
* (Sahidic, Fayyumic, uncountable) life, (period of) the existence of a person

#### Synonyms

* ⲃⲓⲟⲥ (bios)

### Verb

ⲱⲛϩ • (ōnh)
* (Sahidic, Fayyumic, intransitive) to live

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲱⲛϩ ōnh | imperative | affirmative | ⲱⲛϩ ōnh |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲱⲛϩ štemōnh | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲱⲛϩ, ⲡⲉⲗⲱⲛϩ mpelōnh, pelōnh |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲱⲛϩ tiōnh | ⲕⲱⲛϩ kōnh | ⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ teōnh | ϥⲱⲛϩ fōnh | ⲥⲱⲛϩ sōnh | ⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ tenōnh | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ tetenōnh | ⲥⲉⲱⲛϩ seōnh | ⲱⲛϩ ōnh |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲱⲛϩ eiōnh | ⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ ekōnh | ⲉⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ eleōnh | ⲉϥⲱⲛϩ efōnh | ⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ esōnh | ⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ enōnh | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ eletenōnh | ⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ euōnh | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ ele- ōnh |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲱⲛϩ etiōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ etekōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ eteōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲱⲛϩ etefōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ etesōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ etenōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ etetenōnh | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ ete- ōnh, etele- ōnh |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲱⲛϩ naiōnh | ⲛⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ nakōnh | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ naleōnh | ⲛⲁϥⲱⲛϩ nafōnh | ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ nasōnh | ⲛⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ nanōnh | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ naletenōnh | ⲛⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ nauōnh | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ nale- ōnh |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲱⲛϩ aiōnh | ⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ akōnh | ⲁⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ aleōnh | ⲁϥⲱⲛϩ afōnh | ⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ asōnh | ⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ anōnh | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ aletenōnh | ⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ auōnh | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ ale- ōnh |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ tineōnh | ⲕⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ kneōnh | ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ teneōnh | ϥⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ fneōnh | ⲥⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ sneōnh | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ tenneōnh | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ tetenneōnh | ⲥⲉⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ seneōnh | ⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ neōnh |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ eineōnh | ⲉⲕⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ ekneōnh | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ eleneōnh | ⲉϥⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ efneōnh | ⲉⲥⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ esneōnh | ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ enneōnh | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ eletenneōnh | ⲉⲩⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ euneōnh | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ ele- neōnh |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ etineōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ etekneōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ eteneōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ etefneōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ etesneōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ etenneōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ etetenneōnh | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ etouneōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ etele- neōnh |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ naineōnh | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ nakneōnh | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ naleneōnh | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ nafneōnh | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ nasneōnh | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ nanneōnh | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ naletenneōnh | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ nauneōnh | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ nale- neōnh |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ aineōnh | ⲁⲕⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ akneōnh | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ aleneōnh | ⲁϥⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ afneōnh | ⲁⲥⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ asneōnh | ⲁⲛⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ anneōnh | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ aletenneōnh | ⲁⲩⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ auneōnh | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ ale- neōnh |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲱⲛϩ aiōnh | ⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ akōnh | ⲁⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ aleōnh | ⲁϥⲱⲛϩ afōnh | ⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ asōnh | ⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ anōnh | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ atetenōnh | ⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ auōnh | ⲁ- ⲱⲛϩ a- ōnh |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓⲱⲛϩ mpiōnh | ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ mpekōnh | ⲙⲡⲉⲱⲛϩ mpeōnh | ⲙⲡⲉϥⲱⲛϩ mpefōnh | ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ mpesōnh | ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ mpenōnh | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ mpetenōnh | ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ mpouōnh | ⲙⲡⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ mpe- ōnh |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲱⲛϩ eaiōnh | ⲉⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ eakōnh | ⲉⲁⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ ealeōnh | ⲉⲁϥⲱⲛϩ eafōnh | ⲉⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ easōnh | ⲉⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ eanōnh | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ eatetenōnh | ⲉⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ eauōnh | ⲉⲁ- ⲱⲛϩ ea- ōnh |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲱⲛϩ empiōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ empekōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲱⲛϩ empeōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲱⲛϩ empefōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ empesōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ empenōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ empetenōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ empouōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ empe- ōnh |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲱⲛϩ ntaiōnh | ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ ntakōnh | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ ntaleōnh | ⲛⲧⲁϥⲱⲛϩ ntafōnh | ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ ntasōnh | ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ ntanōnh | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ etaletenōnh | ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ ntauōnh | ⲛⲧⲁ- ⲱⲛϩ nta- ōnh |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓⲱⲛϩ etempiōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ etempekōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲱⲛϩ etempeōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲱⲛϩ etempefōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ etempesōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ etempenōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ etempetenōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etempouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ etempe- ōnh |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓⲱⲛϩ nneaiōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ nneakōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ nnealeōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥⲱⲛϩ nneafōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ nneasōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ nneanōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ nneatetenōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ nneauōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ⲱⲛϩ nnea- ōnh |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲱⲛϩ nnempiōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ nnempekōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲱⲛϩ nnempeōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲱⲛϩ nnempefōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ nnempesōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ nnempenōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ nnempetenōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nnempouōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ nnempe- ōnh |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓⲱⲛϩ aaiōnh | ⲁⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ aakōnh | ⲁⲁⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ aaleōnh | ⲁⲁϥⲱⲛϩ aafōnh | ⲁⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ aasōnh | ⲁⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ aanōnh | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ etaletenōnh | ⲁⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ aauōnh | ⲁⲁ- ⲱⲛϩ aa- ōnh |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯⲱⲛϩ mpatiōnh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ mpatekōnh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ mpateōnh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲱⲛϩ mpatefōnh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ mpatesōnh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ mpatenōnh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ mpatetenōnh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ mpatouōnh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ mpate- ōnh |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲱⲛϩ empatiōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ empatekōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ empateōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲱⲛϩ empatefōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ empatesōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ empatenōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ empatetenōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ empatouōnh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ empate- ōnh |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲱⲛϩ etempatiōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ etempatekōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ etempateōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲱⲛϩ etempatefōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ etempatesōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ etempatenōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ etempatetenōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etempatouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ etempate- ōnh |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲱⲛϩ nnempatiōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ nnempatekōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ nnempateōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲱⲛϩ nnempatefōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ nnempatesōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ nnempatenōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ nnempatetenōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nnempatouōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ nnempate- ōnh |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲱⲛϩ šaiōnh | ϣⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ šakōnh | ϣⲁⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ šaleōnh | ϣⲁϥⲱⲛϩ šafōnh | ϣⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ šasōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ šanōnh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ šatetenōnh | ϣⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ šauōnh | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ šale- ōnh |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓⲱⲛϩ meiōnh | ⲙⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ mekōnh | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ meleōnh | ⲙⲉϥⲱⲛϩ mefōnh | ⲙⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ mesōnh | ⲙⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ menōnh | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ meletenōnh | ⲙⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ meuōnh | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ mele- ōnh |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲱⲛϩ ešaiōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ ešakōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ ešaleōnh | ⲉϣⲁϥⲱⲛϩ ešafōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ ešasōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ ešanōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ ešatetenōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ ešauōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ ešale- ōnh |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓⲱⲛϩ emeiōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ emekōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ emeleōnh | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲱⲛϩ emefōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ emesōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ emenōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ emeletenōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ emeuōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ emele- ōnh |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓⲱⲛϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲓⲱⲛϩ etešaiōnh, nšaiōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ etešakōnh, nšakōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ etešaleōnh, nšaleōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲱⲛϩ, ⲛϣⲁϥⲱⲛϩ etešafōnh, nšafōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ etešasōnh, nšasōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ etešanōnh, nšanōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ etešatetenōnh, nšatetenōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ etešauōnh, nšauōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ etešale- ōnh, nšale- ōnh |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓⲱⲛϩ etemeiōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ etemekōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ etemeleōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲱⲛϩ etemefōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ etemesōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ etemenōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ etemeletenōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ etemeuōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ etemele- ōnh |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓⲱⲛϩ nnešaiōnh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ nnešakōnh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ nnešaleōnh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲱⲛϩ nnešafōnh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ nnešasōnh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ nnešanōnh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ nnešatetenōnh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ nnešauōnh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ nnešale- ōnh |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓⲱⲛϩ nnemeiōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ nnemekōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ nnemeleōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲱⲛϩ nnemefōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ nnemesōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ nnemenōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ nnemeletenōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ nnemeuōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ nnemele- ōnh |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓⲱⲛϩ nmeiōnh | ⲛⲙⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ nmekōnh | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ nmeleōnh | ⲛⲙⲉϥⲱⲛϩ nmefōnh | ⲛⲙⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ nmesōnh | ⲛⲙⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ nmenōnh | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ nmeletenōnh | ⲛⲙⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ nmeuōnh | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ nmele- ōnh |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲱⲛϩ eieōnh | ⲉⲕⲉⲱⲛϩ ekeōnh | ⲉⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ eleōnh | ⲉϥⲉⲱⲛϩ efeōnh | ⲉⲥⲉⲱⲛϩ eseōnh | ⲉⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ eneōnh | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ eleteneōnh | ⲉⲩⲉⲱⲛϩ eueōnh | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ ele- ōnh |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ nnaōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ nnekōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ nneōnh | ⲛⲛⲉϥⲱⲛϩ nnefōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ nnesōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ nnenōnh | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ nnetenōnh | ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nnouōnh | ⲛⲛⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ nne- ōnh |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲱⲛϩ maliōnh | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥⲱⲛϩ malefōnh | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ malesōnh | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ malenōnh | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ malouōnh | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ male- ōnh |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓⲱⲛϩ mpeltriōnh | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥⲱⲛϩ mpeltrefōnh | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ mpeltresōnh | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ mpeltrenōnh | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ mpeltreuōnh | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ mpeltre- ōnh |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲱⲛϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲱⲛϩ taōnh, ntaōnh | ⲛⲕⲱⲛϩ nkōnh | ⲛⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ nteōnh | ⲛϥⲱⲛϩ nfōnh | ⲛⲥⲱⲛϩ nsōnh | ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ ntenōnh | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ ntetenōnh | ⲛⲥⲉⲱⲛϩ nseōnh | ⲛⲧⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ nte- ōnh |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓⲱⲛϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓⲱⲛϩ taliōnh, ntaliōnh | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ talekōnh, ntalekōnh | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ taleōnh, ntaleōnh | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲱⲛϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲱⲛϩ talefōnh, ntalefōnh | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ talesōnh, ntalesōnh | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ talenōnh, ntalenōnh | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ taletenōnh, ntaletenōnh | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ talouōnh, ntalouōnh | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ tale- ōnh, ntale- ōnh |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓⲱⲛϩ nteliōnh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ ntelekōnh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ nteleōnh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥⲱⲛϩ ntelefōnh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ ntelesōnh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ ntelenōnh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ nteletenōnh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ntelouōnh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ ntele- ōnh |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲱⲛϩ šantiōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ šantekōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ šanteōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥⲱⲛϩ šantefōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ šantesōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ šantenōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ šantetenōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šantouōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ šante- ōnh |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ eišanōnh | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ ekšanōnh | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ elešanōnh | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ efšanōnh | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ esšanōnh | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ enšanōnh | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ eletenšanōnh | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ eušanōnh | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲱⲛϩ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ⲱⲛϩ elešan- ōnh, elšan- ōnh |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲱⲛϩ aiōnh | ⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ akōnh | ⲁⲗⲉⲱⲛϩ aleōnh | ⲁϥⲱⲛϩ afōnh | ⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ asōnh | ⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ anōnh | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ aletenōnh | ⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ auōnh | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ ale- ōnh |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲱⲛϩ ōnh | imperative | affirmative | ⲱⲛϩ ōnh |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲱⲛϩ tm̄ōnh | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱⲛϩ m̄pr̄ōnh |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲱⲛϩ tiōnh | ⲕⲱⲛϩ kōnh | ⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ teōnh | ϥⲱⲛϩ fōnh | ⲥⲱⲛϩ sōnh | ⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ tn̄ōnh | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ tetn̄ōnh | ⲥⲉⲱⲛϩ seōnh | ⲱⲛϩ ōnh |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ eïōnh | ⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ ekōnh | ⲉⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ ereōnh | ⲉϥⲱⲛϩ efōnh | ⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ esōnh | ⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ enōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ etetn̄ōnh | ⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ euōnh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ ere- ōnh |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲱⲛϩ etiōnh | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲱⲛϩ etk̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ eteōnh, etereōnh | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲱⲛϩ etf̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲱⲛϩ ets̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ etn̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ etetn̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ etere- ōnh |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ neïōnh | ⲛⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ nekōnh | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ nereōnh | ⲛⲉϥⲱⲛϩ nefōnh | ⲛⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ nesōnh | ⲛⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ nenōnh | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ netetn̄ōnh | ⲛⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ neuōnh | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ nere- ōnh |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ tinaōnh | ⲕⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ knaōnh | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ tenaōnh | ϥⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ fnaōnh | ⲥⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ snaōnh | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ tn̄naōnh | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ tetnaōnh | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ senaōnh | ⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ naōnh |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ eïnaōnh | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ eknaōnh | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ erenaōnh | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ efnaōnh | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ esnaōnh | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ ennaōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ etetnaōnh | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ eunaōnh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ ere- naōnh |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ etinaōnh | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ etk̄naōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ etenaōnh, eterenaōnh | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ etf̄naōnh | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ ets̄naōnh | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ etn̄naōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ etetnaōnh | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ etounaōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ etere- naōnh |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ neïnaōnh | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ neknaōnh | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ nerenaōnh | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ nefnaōnh | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ nesnaōnh | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ nennaōnh | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ netetnaōnh | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ neunaōnh | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ nere- naōnh |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ aïōnh | ⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ akōnh | ⲁⲱⲛϩ, ⲁⲣⲱⲛϩ, ⲁⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ aōnh, arōnh, areōnh | ⲁϥⲱⲛϩ afōnh | ⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ asōnh | ⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ anōnh | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ atetn̄ōnh | ⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ auōnh | ⲁ- ⲱⲛϩ a- ōnh |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱⲛϩ m̄piōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱⲛϩ m̄pk̄ōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱⲛϩ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱⲛϩ m̄peōnh, m̄pr̄ōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱⲛϩ m̄pf̄ōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱⲛϩ m̄ps̄ōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ m̄pn̄ōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ m̄petn̄ōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̄pouōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ m̄pe- ōnh |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ eaïōnh | ⲉⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ eakōnh | ⲉⲁⲱⲛϩ, ⲉⲁⲣⲱⲛϩ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ eaōnh, earōnh, eareōnh | ⲉⲁϥⲱⲛϩ eafōnh | ⲉⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ easōnh | ⲉⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ eanōnh | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ eatetn̄ōnh | ⲉⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ eauōnh | ⲉⲁ- ⲱⲛϩ ea- ōnh |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱⲛϩ em̄piōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱⲛϩ em̄pk̄ōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱⲛϩ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱⲛϩ em̄peōnh, em̄pr̄ōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱⲛϩ em̄pf̄ōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱⲛϩ em̄ps̄ōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ em̄pn̄ōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ em̄petn̄ōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̄pouōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ em̄pe- ōnh |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ entaïōnh, n̄taïōnh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ entakōnh, n̄takōnh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱⲛϩ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲱⲛϩ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ entaōnh, n̄taōnh, entarōnh, n̄tarōnh, entareōnh, n̄tareōnh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲱⲛϩ entafōnh, n̄tafōnh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ entasōnh, n̄tasōnh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ entanōnh, n̄tanōnh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ entatetn̄ōnh, n̄tatetn̄ōnh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ entauōnh, n̄tauōnh | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲱⲛϩ enta- ōnh, n̄ta- ōnh |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱⲛϩ etem̄piōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱⲛϩ etem̄pk̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱⲛϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱⲛϩ etem̄peōnh, etem̄pr̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱⲛϩ etem̄pf̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱⲛϩ etem̄ps̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ etem̄pn̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ etem̄petn̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etem̄pouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ etem̄pe- ōnh |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ neaïōnh | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ neakōnh | ⲛⲉⲁⲱⲛϩ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲱⲛϩ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ neaōnh, nearōnh, neareōnh | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲱⲛϩ neafōnh | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ neasōnh | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ neanōnh | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ neatetn̄ōnh | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ neauōnh | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲱⲛϩ nea- ōnh |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱⲛϩ nem̄piōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱⲛϩ nem̄pk̄ōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱⲛϩ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱⲛϩ nem̄peōnh, nem̄pr̄ōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱⲛϩ nem̄pf̄ōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱⲛϩ nem̄ps̄ōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ nem̄pn̄ōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ nem̄petn̄ōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nem̄pouōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ nem̄pe- ōnh |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ n̄taïōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ n̄takōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ n̄taōnh, n̄tarōnh, n̄tareōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲱⲛϩ n̄tafōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ n̄tasōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ n̄tanōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ n̄tatetn̄ōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ n̄tauōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲱⲛϩ n̄ta- ōnh |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱⲛϩ m̄patiōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱⲛϩ m̄patk̄ōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ m̄pateōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱⲛϩ m̄patf̄ōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱⲛϩ m̄pats̄ōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ m̄patn̄ōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ m̄patetn̄ōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̄patouōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ m̄pate- ōnh |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱⲛϩ em̄patiōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱⲛϩ em̄patk̄ōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ em̄pateōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱⲛϩ em̄patf̄ōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱⲛϩ em̄pats̄ōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ em̄patn̄ōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ em̄patetn̄ōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̄patouōnh | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ em̄pate- ōnh |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱⲛϩ etem̄patiōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱⲛϩ etem̄patk̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ etem̄pateōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱⲛϩ etem̄patf̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱⲛϩ etem̄pats̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ etem̄patn̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ etem̄patetn̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etem̄patouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ etem̄pate- ōnh |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱⲛϩ nem̄patiōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱⲛϩ nem̄patk̄ōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ nem̄pateōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱⲛϩ nem̄patf̄ōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱⲛϩ nem̄pats̄ōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ nem̄patn̄ōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ nem̄patetn̄ōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nem̄patouōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ nem̄pate- ōnh |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ šaïōnh | ϣⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ šakōnh | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ šareōnh | ϣⲁϥⲱⲛϩ šafōnh | ϣⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ šasōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ šanōnh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ šatetn̄ōnh | ϣⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ šauōnh | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ šare- ōnh |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ meïōnh | ⲙⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ mekōnh | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ mereōnh | ⲙⲉϥⲱⲛϩ mefōnh | ⲙⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ mesōnh | ⲙⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ menōnh | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ metetn̄ōnh | ⲙⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ meuōnh | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ mere- ōnh |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ ešaïōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ ešakōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ ešareōnh | ⲉϣⲁϥⲱⲛϩ ešafōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ ešasōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ ešanōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ ešatetn̄ōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ ešauōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ ešare- ōnh |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ emeïōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ emekōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ emereōnh | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲱⲛϩ emefōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ emesōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ emenōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ emetetn̄ōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ emeuōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ emere- ōnh |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ etešaïōnh, ešaïōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ etešakōnh, ešakōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ etešareōnh, ešareōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲱⲛϩ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲱⲛϩ etešafōnh, ešafōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ etešasōnh, ešasōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ etešanōnh, ešanōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ etešatetn̄ōnh, ešatetn̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ etešauōnh, ešauōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ etešare- ōnh, ešare- ōnh |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ etemeïōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ etemekōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ etemereōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲱⲛϩ etemefōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ etemesōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ etemenōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ etemetetn̄ōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ etemeuōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ etemere- ōnh |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ nešaïōnh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲱⲛϩ nešakōnh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ nešareōnh | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲱⲛϩ nešafōnh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲱⲛϩ nešasōnh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ nešanōnh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ nešatetn̄ōnh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ nešauōnh | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ nešare- ōnh |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ nemeïōnh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ nemekōnh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ nemereōnh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲱⲛϩ nemefōnh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ nemesōnh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ nemenōnh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ nemetetn̄ōnh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ nemeuōnh | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ nemere- ōnh |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ emeïōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ emekōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ emereōnh | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲱⲛϩ emefōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ emesōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ emenōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ emetetn̄ōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ emeuōnh | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ emere- ōnh |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲱⲛϩ eïeōnh | ⲉⲕⲉⲱⲛϩ ekeōnh | ⲉⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ ereōnh | ⲉϥⲉⲱⲛϩ efeōnh | ⲉⲥⲉⲱⲛϩ eseōnh | ⲉⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ eneōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ etetneōnh | ⲉⲩⲉⲱⲛϩ eueōnh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ ere- ōnh |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱⲛϩ n̄naōnh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ n̄nekōnh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲱⲛϩ n̄neōnh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲱⲛϩ n̄nefōnh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ n̄nesōnh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ n̄nenōnh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ n̄netn̄ōnh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ n̄neuōnh | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ n̄ne- ōnh |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲱⲛϩ mariōnh | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲱⲛϩ marefōnh | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ maresōnh | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ marn̄ōnh | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ marouōnh | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ mare- ōnh |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲱⲛϩ m̄pr̄traōnh | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲱⲛϩ m̄pr̄trefōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ m̄pr̄tresōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ m̄pr̄trenōnh | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ m̄pr̄treuōnh | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ m̄pr̄tre- ōnh |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱⲛϩ, ⲧⲁⲱⲛϩ n̄taōnh, taōnh | ⲛ̄ⲅⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲱⲛϩ n̄gōnh, n̄kōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ n̄teōnh | ⲛ̄ϥⲱⲛϩ n̄fōnh | ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲛϩ n̄sōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ n̄tn̄ōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ n̄tetn̄ōnh | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲱⲛϩ n̄seōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ n̄te- ōnh |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱⲛϩ tariōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ tarekōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ tareōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱⲛϩ tarefōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ taresōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ tarn̄ōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ taretn̄ōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ tarouōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ tare- ōnh |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲱⲛϩ n̄teriōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ n̄terekōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲱⲛϩ n̄tereōnh, n̄tererōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲱⲛϩ n̄terefōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ n̄teresōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ n̄tern̄ōnh, n̄terenōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ n̄teretn̄ōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ n̄terouōnh | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ n̄tere- ōnh |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲱⲛϩ šantiōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲱⲛϩ šantk̄ōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲱⲛϩ šanteōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲱⲛϩ šantf̄ōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲱⲛϩ šants̄ōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ šantn̄ōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ šantetn̄ōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šantouōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ šante- ōnh |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ eïšanōnh | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ ekšanōnh | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ eršanōnh, erešanōnh | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ efšanōnh | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ esšanōnh | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ enšanōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ etetn̄šanōnh | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲱⲛϩ eušanōnh | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲱⲛϩ eršan- ōnh |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲱⲛϩ eïōnh | ⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ ekōnh | ⲉⲣⲉⲱⲛϩ ereōnh | ⲉϥⲱⲛϩ efōnh | ⲉⲥⲱⲛϩ esōnh | ⲉⲛⲱⲛϩ enōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱⲛϩ etetn̄ōnh | ⲉⲩⲱⲛϩ euōnh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱⲛϩ ere- ōnh |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |