OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# अंशुक
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अंशुक (aṃśuka).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ən.ʃʊk/, [ɐ̃ɲ.ʃʊk]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

अंशुक • (añśuk) m (Urdu spelling انشک)
* cloth
* fine or white cloth, muslin
* garment, upper garment
* tie (for binding a churning-stick)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* অংশুক (Assamese script)
* ᬅᬂᬰᬸᬓ (Balinese script)
* অংশুক (Bengali script)
* 𑰀𑰽𑰫𑰲𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀅𑀁𑀰𑀼𑀓 (Brahmi script)
* အံၐုက (Burmese script)
* અંશુક (Gujarati script)
* ਅਂਸ਼ੁਕ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌅𑌂𑌶𑍁𑌕 (Grantha script)
* ꦄꦁꦯꦸꦏ (Javanese script)
* 𑂃𑂁𑂬𑂳𑂍 (Kaithi script)
* ಅಂಶುಕ (Kannada script)
* អំឝុក (Khmer script)
* ອໍຨຸກ (Lao script)
* അംശുക (Malayalam script)
* ᢀ᠋ᠠᡧᡠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘀𑘽𑘫𑘳𑘎 (Modi script)
* ᢀ᠋ᠠᠱᠤᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦠𑧞𑧋𑧔𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐀𑑄𑐱𑐸𑐎 (Newa script)
* ଅଂଶୁକ (Odia script)
* ꢂꢀꢯꢸꢒ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆃𑆁𑆯𑆶𑆑 (Sharada script)
* 𑖀𑖽𑖫𑖲𑖎 (Siddham script)
* අංශුක (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑪖𑩿𑩒𑩜 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚀𑚫𑚧𑚰𑚊 (Takri script)
* அஂஶுக (Tamil script)
* అంశుక (Telugu script)
* อํศุก (Thai script)
* ཨཾ་ཤུ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒁𑓀𑒬𑒳𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨸𑨮𑨃𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɐ̃.ɕu.kɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɐ̃.ɕu.kɐ/

### Noun

अंशुक • (aṃśuka) stem, n
* cloth
* fine or white cloth, muslin
* garment, upper garment
* tie (for binding a churning-stick)

#### Descendants

* → Hindi: अंशुक (añśuk)
* → Tocharian A: aśśuk
* → Tocharian B: aṃśūk
* → Malayalam: അംശുകം (aṁśukaṁ)
# अंशुमती
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* অংশুমতী (Assamese script)
* ᬅᬂᬰᬸᬫᬢᬷ (Balinese script)
* অংশুমতী (Bengali script)
* 𑰀𑰽𑰫𑰲𑰦𑰝𑰱 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀅𑀁𑀰𑀼𑀫𑀢𑀻 (Brahmi script)
* အံၐုမတီ (Burmese script)
* અંશુમતી (Gujarati script)
* ਅਂਸ਼ੁਮਤੀ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌅𑌂𑌶𑍁𑌮𑌤𑍀 (Grantha script)
* ꦄꦁꦯꦸꦩꦠꦷ (Javanese script)
* 𑂃𑂁𑂬𑂳𑂧𑂞𑂲 (Kaithi script)
* ಅಂಶುಮತೀ (Kannada script)
* អំឝុមតី (Khmer script)
* ອໍຨຸມຕີ (Lao script)
* അംശുമതീ (Malayalam script)
* ᢀ᠋ᠠᡧᡠᠮᠠᢠᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
* 𑘀𑘽𑘫𑘳𑘦𑘝𑘲 (Modi script)
* ᢀ᠋ᠠᠱᠤᠮᠠᢐᠢᠢ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦠𑧞𑧋𑧔𑧆𑦽𑧓 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐀𑑄𑐱𑐸𑐩𑐟𑐷 (Newa script)
* ଅଂଶୁମତୀ (Odia script)
* ꢂꢀꢯꢸꢪꢡꢷ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆃𑆁𑆯𑆶𑆩𑆠𑆵 (Sharada script)
* 𑖀𑖽𑖫𑖲𑖦𑖝𑖱 (Siddham script)
* අංශුමතී (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑪖𑩿𑩒𑩴𑩫𑩑𑩛 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚀𑚫𑚧𑚰𑚢𑚙𑚯 (Takri script)
* அஂஶுமதீ (Tamil script)
* అంశుమతీ (Telugu script)
* อํศุมตี (Thai script)
* ཨཾ་ཤུ་མ་ཏཱི (Tibetan script)
* 𑒁𑓀𑒬𑒳𑒧𑒞𑒲 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨸𑨮𑨃𑨢𑨙𑨁𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɐ̃.ɕu.mɐ.tiː/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈɐ̃.ɕu.mɐ.t̪iː/

### Noun

अंशुमती • (aṃśumatī) stem, f
* Desmodium gangeticum

#### Descendants

* → Tocharian B: aśamati
# ދިޔުން
## Dhivehi
### Etymology

Inflection of ދަނީ (danī, “to go”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪a.n̪iː/, [d̪ä.n̪iː]
* Hyphenation: ދި‧ޔުން

### Verb

ދިޔުން • (diyun̊)
* stem of ދަނީ (danī)
# आइस्ड
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from English iced.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɑː.ɪsɖ/, [äː.ɪsɖ]

### Adjective

आइस्ड • (āisḍ) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling آئسڈ)
* iced
    Synonym: बर्फ़ीला (barfīlā)
    आइस्ड टी ― āisḍ ṭī ― iced tea

## Nepali
### Etymology

Borrowed from English iced.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [äi̯s̠d̠]
* Phonetic Devanagari: आइस्ड्

### Adjective

आइस्ड • (āisḍ)
* iced
# आणंदेदि
## Prakrit
### Verb

आणंदेदि (āṇaṃdedi) (transitive) (Śaurasenī)
* Devanagari script form of 𑀆𑀡𑀁𑀤𑁂𑀤𑀺 (“to make happy; gladden, please”)

### References

* Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “आणंदेदि”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 109.
# आणंदिय
## Prakrit
### Adjective

आणंदिय (āṇaṃdiya)
* Devanagari script form of 𑀆𑀡𑀁𑀤𑀺𑀬 (“happy”)

### References

* Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “आणंदिय”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 109.
# आणंद
## Old Gujarati
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit आणंद (āṇaṃda), from Sanskrit आनन्द (ānandá).

### Noun

आणंद • (āṇaṃda) m
* joy, happiness

#### Descendants

* Gujarati: આણંદ (āṇand)

### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ānandá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 53

## Prakrit
### Noun

आणंद (āṇaṃda) m
* Devanagari script form of 𑀆𑀡𑀁𑀤
# ܡܫܒܠܢܐ
## Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

* Root
* ܫ ܒ ܠ (š b l)
* 2 terms

### Etymology

Agent noun from the active participle of ܫܲܒܸܠ (šabbil, “to lead, direct”) +‎ -ܢܐ (-ānā, the occupational ending).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard) IPA: [məʃab.lɑːnɑː]

### Noun

ܡܫܲܒܠܵܢܵܐ • (mšablānā) m sg (plural ܡܫܲܒܠܵܢܹ̈ܐ (mšablānē), feminine ܡܫܲܒܠܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (mšablānīṯā))
* director, conductor, leader
    Synonym: ܡܕܲܒܪܵܢܵܐ (mdabrānā)
# ܨܘܨܝܬܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

Compare Hebrew צִיצִית (ṣīṣīṯ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sˤusˤiθɑ] (in the singular)
* IPA: [sˤusˤjɑθɑ] (in the plural)

### Noun

ܨܘܨܝܬܐ • (ṣūṣīṯā) f (plural ܨܘܨܝܬܐ (ṣūṣyāṯā))
* lock (of hair), curl, braid
* forelock, bangs, fringe
* thread
* (botany) radicle, tendril, fibrous root
* (figuratively) spark, flame

#### Usage notes

This word is usually found in the plural.

#### Inflection
### References

* “ṣwṣy$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 300a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 476a
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1280b
# ܥܘܡܪ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology

From Arabic عمر (ʿumar)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕumar/

### Proper noun

ܥܘܡܪ • (ʿumar)
* a male given name, equivalent to English Omar
# अंबुज
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अम्बुज (ambuja, literally “born in water”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /əm.bʊd͡ʒ/, [ɐ̃m.bʊd͡ʒ]

### Noun

अंबुज • (ambuj) f (Urdu spelling ان٘بُج)
* (poetic) lotus
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:कमल
* water

#### Declension
### References

* Bahri, Caturvedi, Dasa-Hindi (2022) “अंबुज”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Hindi Dictionaries]
# अंबेकरी
## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Kannada ಅಂಬಿಗಾರ (ambigāra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əm.bek.ɾi/, [əm.bek.ɾiː]

### Noun

अंबेकरी • (ambekrī) ?
* oarsman

### References

* Berntsen Date, Molesworth, Tulpule/Feldhaus Vaze (2022) “अंबेकरी”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Marathi Dictionaries]
# उचावा
## Hindi
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʊ.t͡ʃɑː.ʋɑː/, [ʊ.t͡ʃäː.ʋäː]

### Noun

उचावा • (ucāvā) m
* raving in sleep
* sleeptalking
# ރެސް
## Dhivehi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾes̺/, [ɾes̺]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit रश्मि (raśmi). Cognate to Sinhalese රැස (ræsa) and Pali rasmi

#### Noun

ރެސް • (res) (plural ރެސްތައް (restak̊))
* (archaic) a beam, ray of light

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit राशि (rāśi). Cognate to Sinhalese රැස (ræsa)

#### Noun

ރެސް • (res) (plural ރެސްތައް (restak̊))
* an assembly, congregation, gathering
* (Addu) a fissure, crack, cleft, rift

##### Derived terms

* ރެސްވަނީ (resvanī)

### References

* Hassan Ahmed Maniku (2000) “ރެސް”, in A Concise Etymological Vocabulary of Dhivehi Language, Colombo: The Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka, page 207
# अच्छा-ख़ासा
## Hindi
### Etymology

Dvandva compound of अच्छा (acchā, “good”) +‎ ख़ास (xās, “special”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ət̪.t͡ʃʰɑː.xɑː.sɑː/, [ɐt̚.t͡ʃʰäː.xäː.säː], /ət̪.t͡ʃʰɑː.kʰɑː.sɑː/, [ɐt̚.t͡ʃʰäː.kʰäː.säː]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

अच्छा-ख़ासा • (acchā-xāsā) (Urdu spelling اچھا خاصا)
* very good, great
# ऋतवस्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ঋতৱস্ (Assamese script)
* ᬋᬢᬯᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
* ঋতবস্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰆𑰝𑰪𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀋𑀢𑀯𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ၒတဝသ် (Burmese script)
* ઋતવસ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਰਤਵਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌋𑌤𑌵𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦉꦠꦮꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂩𑂱𑂞𑂫𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಋತವಸ್ (Kannada script)
* ឫតវស៑ (Khmer script)
* ຣິຕວສ຺ (Lao script)
* ഋതവസ് (Malayalam script)
* ᡵᡳᢠᠠᠸᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
* 𑘆𑘝𑘪𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠷᠢᢐᠠᠸᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦦𑦽𑧊𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐆𑐟𑐰𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
* ଋତଵସ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢈꢡꢮꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆉𑆠𑆮𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖆𑖝𑖪𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
* ඍතවස් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩙𑩫𑩾𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚙𑚦𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
* ரிதவஸ் (Tamil script)
* ఋతవస్ (Telugu script)
* ฤตวสฺ (Thai script)
* རྀ་ཏ་ཝ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒇𑒞𑒫𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨫𑨉𑨙𑨭𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

for nominative plural:
* (Vedic) IPA: /r̩.tɐ́.ʋɐs/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈr̩.t̪ɐ.ʋɐs̪/
for vocative plural:
* (Vedic) IPA: /ŕ̩.tɐ.ʋɐs/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈr̩.t̪ɐ.ʋɐs̪/

### Noun

ऋतवस् • (ṛtávas) m
* nominative plural of ऋतु (ṛtú)

### Noun

ऋतवस् • (ṛ́tavas) m
* vocative plural of ऋतु (ṛtú)
# ऋतावन्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* ঋতাৱন্ (Assamese script)
* ᬋᬢᬵᬯᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
* ঋতাবন্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰆𑰝𑰯𑰪𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀋𑀢𑀸𑀯𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ၒတာဝန် (Burmese script)
* ઋતાવન્ (Gujarati script)
* ਰਤਾਵਨ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌋𑌤𑌾𑌵𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦉꦠꦴꦮꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂩𑂱𑂞𑂰𑂫𑂢𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಋತಾವೝ (Kannada script)
* ឫតាវន៑ (Khmer script)
* ຣິຕາວນ຺ (Lao script)
* ഋതാവന് (Malayalam script)
* ᡵᡳᢠᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠸᠠᠨ (Manchu script)
* 𑘆𑘝𑘰𑘪𑘡𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠷᠢᢐᠠᢗᠸᠠᠨ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦦𑦽𑧑𑧊𑧁𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐆𑐟𑐵𑐰𑐣𑑂 (Newa script)
* ଋତାଵନ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢈꢡꢵꢮꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆉𑆠𑆳𑆮𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖆𑖝𑖯𑖪𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
* ඍතාවන් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩙𑩫𑩛𑩾𑩯 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚙𑚭𑚦𑚝𑚶 (Takri script)
* ரிதாவந் (Tamil script)
* ఋతావౝ (Telugu script)
* ฤตาวนฺ (Thai script)
* རྀ་ཏཱ་ཝ་ན྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒇𑒞𑒰𑒫𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨫𑨉𑨙𑨊𑨭𑨝𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hr̥táHwāns, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥táHwāns, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥téh₂-went-s, possessive derivation of *h₂r̥tós (“fitted”) (*h₂er- (“to fit; fix; put together”) +‎ *-tós (“deverbal adjective suffix”)), whence also ऋत (ṛtá, “order; right, etc.”). Cognate with Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎠𐎺𐎠 (a-r-t-a-v-a, “righteous, blessed, characterized by Arta”), Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥 (aṣ̌auuan, “follower of Aṣ̌a”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /r̩.tɑ́ː.ʋɐn/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /r̩ˈt̪ɑː.ʋɐn̪/

### Adjective

ऋतावन् • (ṛtā́-van)
* keeping within the fixed order or rule, regular, proper (as inanimated objects)
* performing (as men) or accepting (as gods) sacred works or piety, truthful, faithful, just, holy

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “ऋतावन्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0224.
# करियो
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kə.ɾɪ.joː/, [kɐ.ɾi.joː]

### Verb

करियो • (kariyo)
* second-person singular intimate future imperative of करना (karnā)
# क्राइस्टचर्च
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from English Christchurch, from Christ +‎ church.

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kɾɑː.ɪsʈ.t͡ʃəɾt͡ʃ/, [kɾäː.ɪsʈ.t͡ʃɐɾt͡ʃ]

### Proper noun

क्राइस्टचर्च • (krāisṭcarc) ? (Urdu spelling کرائسٹ چرچ)
* Christchurch (a city in Canterbury, New Zealand)
* Christchurch (a town in Dorset, England)

#### Declension

This proper noun needs an inflection-table template.
# अपाहज
## Hindi
### Alternative forms

* अपाहिज (apāhij)

### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit *𑀅𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀚 (*apāhaja) losing the nasalisation in an earlier *𑀅𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀁𑀚 (*apāhaṃja), from Sanskrit अप- (apa-) +‎ आ (ā) +‎ *भञ्ज (bhañja), from the root भञ्ज् (bhañj, “to break”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ə.pɑː.ɦəd͡ʒ/, [ɐ.päː.ɦɐd͡ʒ]

### Adjective

अपाहज • (apāhaj) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling اپاہج)
* halt, lame

### Noun

अपाहज • (apāhaj) m (Urdu spelling اپاہج)
* a disabled person

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “अपाहिज”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “अपाहिज”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “अपाहिज”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
* Platts, John T. (1884) “अपाहज”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
# अपील
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from English appeal.

### Noun

अपील • (apīl) f (Urdu spelling اپیل)
* (law) appeal
# अपुत्र
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* অপুত্ৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬅᬧᬸᬢ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
* অপুত্র (Bengali script)
* 𑰀𑰢𑰲𑰝𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀅𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* အပုတြ (Burmese script)
* અપુત્ર (Gujarati script)
* ਅਪੁਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌅𑌪𑍁𑌤𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦄꦥꦸꦠꦿ (Javanese script)
* 𑂃𑂣𑂳𑂞𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಅಪುತ್ರ (Kannada script)
* អបុត្រ (Khmer script)
* ອປຸຕ຺ຣ (Lao script)
* അപുത്ര (Malayalam script)
* ᠠᢒᡠᢠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘀𑘢𑘳𑘝𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᠠᢒᠤᢐᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦠𑧂𑧔𑦽𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐀𑐥𑐸𑐟𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
* ଅପୁତ୍ର (Odia script)
* ꢂꢦꢸꢡ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆃𑆥𑆶𑆠𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖀𑖢𑖲𑖝𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
* අපුත්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩰𑩒𑩫 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚀𑚞𑚰𑚙𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
* அபுத்ர (Tamil script)
* అపుత్ర (Telugu script)
* อปุตฺร (Thai script)
* ཨ་པུ་ཏྲ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒁𑒣𑒳𑒞𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨞𑨃𑨙𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

अ- (a-, “not, un-”) +‎ पुत्र (putra, “son”). The compound was likely formed in the Proto-Indo-Iranian stage as *apútras; compare Avestan 𐬀𐬞𐬎𐬚𐬭𐬀 (apuθra, “without sons, childless”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɐ.pút.ɾɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɐˈput̪.ɾɐ/

### Adjective

अपुत्र • (apútra) stem
* without sons; sonless
** c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 5.3.1.13:अथ श्वो भूते । परिवृत्त्यै गृहान्परेत्य नैर्ऋतं चरुं निर्वपति या वा अपुत्रा पत्नी सा परिवृत्ती स कृष्णानां व्रीहीणां नखैर्निर्भिद्य तण्डुलान्नैर्ऋतं चरुं श्रपयति स जुहोत्येष ते निर्ऋते भागस्तं जुषस्व स्वाहेति या वा अपुत्रा पत्नी सा निर्ऋतिगृहीता तद्यदेवास्य अत्र नैर्ऋतं रूपं तदेवैतच्छमयति तथो हैनं सूयमानं निर्ऋतिर्न गृह्णाति तस्य दक्षिणा कृष्णा गौः परिमूर्णी पर्यारिणी सा ह्यपि निर्ऋतिगृहीता तामाह मामेऽद्येशायां वात्सीदिति तत्पाप्मानमपादत्तेatha śvo bhūte. parivṛttyai gṛhānparetya nairṛtaṃ caruṃ nirvapati yā vā aputrā patnī sā parivṛttī sa kṛṣṇānāṃ vrīhīṇāṃ nakhairnirbhidya taṇḍulānnairṛtaṃ caruṃ śrapayati sa juhotyeṣa te nirṛte bhāgastaṃ juṣasva svāheti yā vā aputrā patnī sā nirṛtigṛhītā tadyadevāsya atra nairṛtaṃ rūpaṃ tadevaitacchamayati tatho hainaṃ sūyamānaṃ nirṛtirna gṛhṇāti tasya dakṣiṇā kṛṣṇā gauḥ parimūrṇī paryāriṇī sā hyapi nirṛtigṛhītā tāmāha māmeʼdyeśāyāṃ vātsīditi tatpāpmānamapādatteAnd on the following day he goes to the house of a discarded [wife], and prepares a porridge for Nirriti; -- a discarded wife is one who has no son. He cooks the porridge for Nirriti of black rice, after splitting the grains with his nails. He offers it with [the utterance], "This, O Nirriti, is thy share: accept it graciously, hail!" For a wife that is without a son, is possessed with Nirriti (destruction, calamity); and whatever of Nirriti's nature there is in her, that he thereby propitiates, and thus Nirriti does not take possession of him while he is consecrated. The fee for this (oblation) consists of a black, decrepit, diseased cow; for such a one also is possessed with Nirriti. He says to her (the wife), "Let her not dwell this day in my dominion!" thus he removes evil from himself.

#### Descendants

* Pali: aputta
* Prakrit: 𑀅𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (aputta)
** Hindi: अऊत (aūt), ऊत (ūt)
# कल्यम्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* काल्यम् (kālyam)

### Alternative scripts

* কল্যম্ (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬮ᭄ᬬᬫ᭄ (Balinese script)
* কল্যম্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰩𑰿𑰧𑰦𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀮𑁆𑀬𑀫𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ကလျမ် (Burmese script)
* કલ્યમ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਕਲ੍ਯਮ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑌲𑍍𑌯𑌮𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦭꦾꦩ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂪𑂹𑂨𑂧𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಕಲ್ಯಮ್ (Kannada script)
* កល្យម៑ (Khmer script)
* ກລ຺ຍມ຺ (Lao script)
* കല്യമ് (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᠠᠯᠶᠠᠮ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘩𑘿𑘧𑘦𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠠᠯᠶ᠋ᠠᠮ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧉𑧠𑧇𑧆𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐩𑑂 (Newa script)
* କଲ୍ଯମ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢒꢭ꣄ꢫꢪ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆬𑇀𑆪𑆩𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖩𑖿𑖧𑖦𑖿 (Siddham script)
* කල්‍යම් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩽 𑪙𑩻𑩴 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚥𑚶𑚣𑚢𑚶 (Takri script)
* கல்யம் (Tamil script)
* కల్యమ్ (Telugu script)
* กลฺยมฺ (Thai script)
* ཀ་ལྱ་མ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒪𑓂𑒨𑒧𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨬𑩇𑨪𑨢𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Adverbial accusative of कल्य (kalya, “dawn”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kɐl.jɐm/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈkɐl̪.jɐm/

### Adverb

कल्यम् • (kalyam)
* at dawn, at daybreak

#### Descendants

* Pali: kallaṃ (“at dawn”)
* Prakrit: 𑀓𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀁 (kallaṃ, “at dawn, tomorrow, yesterday”), 𑀓𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀺𑀁 (kalliṃ), 𑀓𑀮𑁆𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kalhiṃ)
** Northwestern:
*** Punjabi: ਕੱਲ੍ਹ / کَلّہ (kallh)
*** Lahnda: کَلّہ
** Northern:
*** Nepali: कल (kal), आज कल (āj kal, “nowadays”)
** Eastern:
*** Bengali: কাল (kal)
*** Assamese: কালি (kali)
*** Odia: କାଲି (kāli), ଗତକାଲି (gatakāli)
*** Maithili: काल्हि (kālhɨ)
** Central:
*** Awadhi: काल्हि (kālhi), कालि (kāli), कल्ल्हि (kallhi)
*** Hindustani:
    Hindi: कल (kal)
    Urdu: کل (kal)
** Western:
*** Gujarati: કાલ (kāl)
** Southern:
*** Marathi: काल (kāl)
*** Konkani: काल (kāl)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “कल्यम्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page {{{1}}}.
# गुणगुणणे
## Marathi
### Etymology

Compare Hindustani گُنگُنانا / गुनगुनाना (gungunānā), Nepali गन्गनाउनु (ganganāunu). Ultimately, a reduplication.

### Pronunciation

* (formal) IPA: /ɡuɳ.ɡuɳ.ɳe/
* (colloquial) IPA: /ɡuɳ.ɡuɳ.ɳə/

### Verb

गुणगुणणे • (guṇguṇṇe)
* (transitive, intransitive) to hum

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “गुणगुणणे”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “गुणगुणणें”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
* दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “गुणगुण”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*ganagana”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# गुणज्ञ
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* গুণজ্ঞ (Assamese script)
* ᬕᬸᬡᬚ᭄ᬜ (Balinese script)
* গুণজ্ঞ (Bengali script)
* 𑰐𑰲𑰜𑰕𑰿𑰗 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀚𑁆𑀜 (Brahmi script)
* ဂုဏဇ္ဉ (Burmese script)
* ગુણજ્ઞ (Gujarati script)
* ਗੁਣਜ੍ਞ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌗𑍁𑌣𑌜𑍍𑌞 (Grantha script)
* ꦒꦸꦟꦘ (Javanese script)
* 𑂏𑂳𑂝𑂔𑂹𑂖 (Kaithi script)
* ಗುಣಜ್ಞ (Kannada script)
* គុណជ្ញ (Khmer script)
* ຄຸຓຊ຺ຎ (Lao script)
* ഗുണജ്ഞ (Malayalam script)
* ᡤᡠᢏᠠᡯᠨᡳᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘐𑘳𑘜𑘕𑘿𑘗 (Modi script)
* ᠺᠤᢏᠠᠽᡛᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦰𑧔𑦼𑦵𑧠𑦷 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐐𑐸𑐞𑐖𑑂𑐘 (Newa script)
* ଗୁଣଜ୍ଞ (Odia script)
* ꢔꢸꢠꢙ꣄ꢛ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆓𑆶𑆟𑆘𑇀𑆚 (Sharada script)
* 𑖐𑖲𑖜𑖕𑖿𑖗 (Siddham script)
* ගුණඥ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩞𑩒𑩪𑩣 𑪙𑩥 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚌𑚰𑚘𑚑𑚶𑚓 (Takri script)
* கு³ணஜ்ஞ (Tamil script)
* గుణజ్ఞ (Telugu script)
* คุณชฺญ (Thai script)
* གུ་ཎ་ཛྙ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒑𑒳𑒝𑒖𑓂𑒘 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨍𑨃𑨘𑨥𑩇𑨓 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

गुण (guṇa) +‎ -ज्ञ (-jña)

### Adjective

गुणज्ञ • (guṇajña) stem
* virtuous
* one who knows how to appreciate something, knowing or judging their merits.
# चुकाओगे
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /t͡ʃʊ.kɑː.oː.ɡeː/, [t͡ʃʊ.käː.oː.ɡeː]

### Verb

चुकाओगे • (cukāoge)
* second-person familiar masculine future indicative of चुकाना (cukānā)
# चुकाते
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /t͡ʃʊ.kɑː.t̪eː/, [t͡ʃʊ.käː.t̪eː]

### Verb

चुकाते • (cukāte)
* inflection of चुकाना (cukānā):
** masculine plural habitual participle
** oblique masculine singular habitual participle
** masculine plural contrafactual
# इसतक
## Hindi
### Etymology

इस (is) +‎ तक (tak).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɪs.t̪ək/, [ɪs.t̪ɐk]

### Pronoun

इसतक • (istak) (Urdu spelling اس تک)
* terminative singular of यह (yah)
# खट्टे
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kʰəʈ.ʈeː/, [kʰɐʈ̚.ʈeː]

### Adjective

खट्टे • (khaṭṭe) m
* inflection of खट्टा (khaṭṭā):
** oblique/vocative masculine singular
** direct/oblique/vocative masculine plural
# खट्ट
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* খট্ট (Assamese script)
* ᬔᬝ᭄ᬝ (Balinese script)
* খট্ট (Bengali script)
* 𑰏𑰘𑰿𑰘 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀔𑀝𑁆𑀝 (Brahmi script)
* ခဋ္ဋ (Burmese script)
* ખટ્ટ (Gujarati script)
* ਖਟ੍ਟ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌖𑌟𑍍𑌟 (Grantha script)
* ꦑꦛ꧀ꦛ (Javanese script)
* 𑂎𑂗𑂹𑂗 (Kaithi script)
* ಖಟ್ಟ (Kannada script)
* ខដ្ដ (Khmer script)
* ຂຏ຺ຏ (Lao script)
* ഖട്ട (Malayalam script)
* ᡘᠠᢞᢞᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘏𑘘𑘿𑘘 (Modi script)
* ᠻᠠᢌᢌᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦯𑦸𑧠𑦸 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐏𑐚𑑂𑐚 (Newa script)
* ଖଟ୍ଟ (Odia script)
* ꢓꢜ꣄ꢜ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆒𑆛𑇀𑆛 (Sharada script)
* 𑖏𑖘𑖿𑖘 (Siddham script)
* ඛට‍්ට (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩝𑩦 𑪙𑩦 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚋𑚔𑚶𑚔 (Takri script)
* க²ட்ட (Tamil script)
* ఖట్ట (Telugu script)
* ขฏฺฏ (Thai script)
* ཁ་ཊྚ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒐𑒙𑓂𑒙 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨌𑨔𑩇𑨔 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Of unclear origin. Probably a later derivative of कटुक (kaṭuka, “sharp, pungent, bitter”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kʰɐʈ.ʈɐ/, [kʰɐʈ̚.ʈɐ]
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈkʰɐʈ.ʈɐ/, [ˈkʰɐʈ̚.ʈɐ]

### Adjective

खट्ट • (khaṭṭa) stem
* sour

#### Declension
### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “खट्ट”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 335/2.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 136
# छेड़ती
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /t͡ʃʰeːɽ.t̪iː/

### Verb

छेड़ती • (cheṛtī)
* inflection of छेड़ना (cheṛnā):
** feminine singular habitual participle
** feminine singular contrafactual
# उन्मुक्त
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit उन्मुक्त (unmukta).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʊn.mʊkt̪/, [ʊ̃n.mʊkt̪]

### Adjective

उन्मुक्त • (unmukt) (indeclinable)
* carefree, unrestrained, unbridled

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “उन्मुक्त”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
# ख़रीदनी
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /xə.ɾiːd̪.niː/, [xɐ.ɾiːd̪̚.niː], /kʰə.ɾiːd̪.niː/, [kʰɐ.ɾiːd̪̚.niː]

### Verb

ख़रीदनी • (xarīdnī)
* feminine singular infinitive participle of ख़रीदना (xarīdnā)
# द्ध
## Translingual
### Ligature

द्ध (ddha)
* Irregular ligature of द and ध