# 消滅
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiāomiè
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ ㄇㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): siu$^1$ mit$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sêu-me̍t
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siau-bia̍t
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāomiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ ㄇㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siaomiè
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^1$-mieh$^4$
*** Yale: syāu-myè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiaumieh
*** Palladius: сяоме (sjaome)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ mi̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^1$ mit$^6$
*** Yale: sīu miht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^1$ mit$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^1$ mid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯⁵⁵ miːt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sêu-me̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: seu$^ˊ$ med
*** Hagfa Pinyim: seu$^1$ med$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ met̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siau-bia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: siau-bia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siau'biat
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siau⁴⁴⁻²² biɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siau³³ biɛt̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siau⁴⁴⁻²² biɛt̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ biɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ biɛt̚⁴/

### Verb

消滅
* (transitive) to wipe out; to eliminate; to exterminate; to annihilate; to cause (something) to perish
* (intransitive) to die out; to become extinct; to perish

#### Synonyms

* (to wipe out):
* 亡
* 剪除 (jiǎnchú)
* 埋葬 (máizàng) (literary, figuratively)
* 打掉 (dǎdiào)
* 撲滅／扑灭 (pūmiè)
* 收拾 (colloquial)
* 根除 (gēnchú)
* 殲滅／歼灭 (jiānmiè)
* 殺滅／杀灭 (shāmiè)
* 毀滅／毁灭 (huǐmiè)
* 泯絕／泯绝 (mǐnjué) (literary)
* 滅亡／灭亡 (mièwáng)
* 滅殺／灭杀 (mièshā)
* 滅絕／灭绝 (mièjué)
* 絕滅／绝灭 (juémiè)
* 翦除 (jiǎnchú) (literary)
* 解決／解决 (jiějué)
* 討滅／讨灭 (tǎomiè) (literary)
* (to die out):
* 不見／不见 (bùjiàn)
* 奭 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 收斂／收敛 (shōuliǎn) (of a light ray, smile, etc.)
* 泯絕／泯绝 (mǐnjué) (literary)
* 消亡 (xiāowáng)
* 消失 (xiāoshī)
* 消散 (xiāosàn)
* 消融 (xiāoróng)
* 消逝 (xiāoshì)
* 蒸發／蒸发 (zhēngfā) (figurative)
* 絕滅／绝灭 (juémiè)
* 遠去／远去 (yuǎnqù)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to die out”): 顯現／显现 (xiǎnxiàn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 消 | 滅 |
| しょう Grade: 3 | めつ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょーめつ [shòómétsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕo̞ːme̞t͡sɨ]

### Noun

消(しょう)滅(めつ) • (shōmetsu)
* lapse of a right
* death, extinction
* vanishing

#### Synonyms

* 滅亡(めつぼう) (metsubō)

### Verb

消(しょう)滅(めつ)する • (shōmetsu suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 消(しょう)滅(めつ)し (shōmetsu shi), past 消(しょう)滅(めつ)した (shōmetsu shita))
* (of a right) to lapse
* die, go extinct
* vanish

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 消滅し | しょうめつし | shōmetsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 消滅し | しょうめつし | shōmetsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 消滅する | しょうめつする | shōmetsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 消滅する | しょうめつする | shōmetsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 消滅すれ | しょうめつすれ | shōmetsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 消滅せよ¹ 消滅しろ² | しょうめつせよ¹ しょうめつしろ² | shōmetsu seyo¹ shōmetsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 消滅される | しょうめつされる | shōmetsu sareru |
| Causative | 消滅させる 消滅さす | しょうめつさせる しょうめつさす | shōmetsu saseru shōmetsu sasu |
| Potential | 消滅できる | しょうめつできる | shōmetsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 消滅しよう | しょうめつしよう | shōmetsu shiyō |
| Negative | 消滅しない | しょうめつしない | shōmetsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 消滅せず | しょうめつせず | shōmetsu sezu |
| Formal | 消滅します | しょうめつします | shōmetsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 消滅した | しょうめつした | shōmetsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 消滅して | しょうめつして | shōmetsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 消滅すれば | しょうめつすれば | shōmetsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 消 | 滅 |

### Noun

消滅 • (somyeol) (hangeul 소멸)
* hanja form of 소멸 (“elimination; annihilation”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 消 | 滅 |

### Verb

消滅
* chữ Hán form of tiêu diệt (“to eliminate; to annihilate”).