# 坉

| 坉 | U+5749, &#22345; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5749 |
| ← 坈 [U+5748] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 坊 → [U+574A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

坉 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土心山 (GPU), four-corner 4511$_7$, composition ⿰土屯)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 225, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4923
* Dae Jaweon: page 459, character 26
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 422, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5749

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 躉 | *tuːnʔ |
| 窀 | *rduːn, *duːn, *tun |
| 沌 | *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ |
| 盹 | *tuːnʔ, *tjuns |
| 頓 | *tuːns |
| 扽 | *tuːns |
| 黗 | *tʰuːn, *tʰuːnʔ |
| 吨 | *tʰuːnʔ |
| 屯 | *duːn, *tun |
| 飩 | *duːn |
| 豘 | *duːn |
| 軘 | *duːn |
| 坉 | *duːn |
| 邨 | *duːn, *stʰuːn |
| 忳 | *duːn |
| 芚 | *duːn |
| 庉 | *duːn, *duːnʔ |
| 囤 | *duːnʔ |
| 迍 | *tun |
| 杶 | *tʰun |
| 瑃 | *tʰun |
| 椿 | *tʰun |
| 偆 | *tʰunʔ, *tʰjunʔ |
| 肫 | *tjun |
| 訰 | *tjun, *tjuns |
| 純 | *tjunʔ, *djun |
| 春 | *tʰjun |
| 蠢 | *tʰjunʔ |
| 踳 | *tʰjunʔ |
| 惷 | *tʰjunʔ |
| 蒓 | *djun |
| 賰 | *hljunʔ |
| 鬊 | *hljuns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duːn) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tún (tun$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tyun$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thùn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tún
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tún
*** Wade–Giles: tʻun$^2$
*** Yale: twún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twen
*** Palladius: тунь (tunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu̯ən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tyun$^4$
*** Yale: tyùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tün$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰyːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: tun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰun¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: dwon
Rime :
| Character | 坉 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒渾切 |
| Baxter | dwon |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duon/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dwən/ |
| Li Rong | /duən/ |
| Wang Li | /duən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱuən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tún |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | teon$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*duːn/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 坉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12551 |
| Phonetic component | 屯 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 屯 |
| Old Chinese | /*duːn/ |

### Definitions

坉
* bagged soil and grass used to hold back water
* ridge between fields
* cork, stopper
* (in place names) stockaded village

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dùn (dun$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄣˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dùn
*** Wade–Giles: tun$^4$
*** Yale: dwùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duenn
*** Palladius: дунь (dunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯ən⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: dwonX
Rime :
| Character | 坉 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒損切 |
| Baxter | dwonX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duən$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duon$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duən$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dwən$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /duən$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /duən$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱuən$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dùn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | deon$^6$ |

#### Definitions

坉
* to stop, to plug

### Etymology 2
#### Definitions

* For pronunciation and definitions of 坉 – see 沌 (“benighted; ignorant; disorderly; chaotic; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 沌).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): とん (ton)、どん (don)
* Kun: ふさぐ (fusagu)、きずく (kizuku)、うね (une)、ふさがる (fusagaru)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

坉: Nôm readings: chốn, trốn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* Nom Foundation