# 弟子
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dìzǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˋ ㄗˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dai$^6$ zi$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thi-chṳ́
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tē-chú / tě-chír
    (Teochew, Peng'im): di$^6$ ze$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$di-tsy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dìzǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dìzǐh
*** Wade–Giles: ti$^4$-tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: dì-dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dihtzyy
*** Palladius: дицзы (diczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dai$^6$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: daih jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dai$^6$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dei$^6$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thi-chṳ́
*** Hakka Romanization System: ti zii$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ti$^4$ zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰi⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tē-chú
*** Tâi-lô: tē-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dexzuo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /te³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /te³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /te²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tě-chír
*** Tâi-lô: tě-tsír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /te²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: di$^6$ ze$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tĭ tsṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /ti³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$di-tsy
*** MiniDict: di$^去$ tsy
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$di-tsr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /di²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dejX|dejH tsiX
Rime :
| Character | 弟 | 弟 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 定 (7) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 齊 (39) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 徒禮切 | 特計切 | 即里切 |
| Baxter | dejX | dejH | tsiX |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dei$^X$/ | /dei$^H$/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dei$^X$/ | /dei$^H$/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛi$^X$/ | /dɛi$^H$/ | /t͡sie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛj$^X$/ | /dɛj$^H$/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /dei$^X$/ | /dei$^H$/ | /t͡siə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /diei$^X$/ | /diei$^H$/ | /t͡sĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱiei$^X$/ | /dʱiei$^H$/ | /t͡si$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dì | dì | zǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dai$^6$ | dai$^6$ | zi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤəjʔ [ts]əʔ|tsəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*diːlʔ|diːls ʔslɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 弟 | 子 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dì | zǐ | zǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dej$^X$ › | ‹ tsi$^X$ › | ‹ tsi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁəjʔ/ | /*[ts]əʔ/ | /*tsəʔ/ |
| English | younger brother | 1st earthly branch | child; gentleman, master |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 弟 | 弟 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2294 | 2297 | 17857 |
| Phonetic component | 弟 | 弟 | 子 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 脂 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 弟 | 第 | 子 |
| Old Chinese | /*diːlʔ/ | /*diːls/ | /*ʔslɯʔ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象繩束弋（朱芳圃說），繞弋繩須次第不亂方利於射， 爲第初文 | | |

### Noun

弟子
* disciple; follower
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zǐyuē: “Ruò shèng yǔ rén, zé wú qǐ gǎn? Yì wèi zhī bùyàn, huì rén bùjuàn, zé kě wèi yún ěr yǐ yǐ.” Gōngxī huá yuē: “Zhèng wéi dìzǐ bùnéng xué yě.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said: "How dare I presume to be sagely and humane? I merely strive to become such without being disappointed, to teach people without being tired; this much can be said of me." Gongxi Hua said: "This is just what (we) disciples and pupils cannot learn to."
* (dialectal Mandarin, Northern Min, dialectal Wu) younger brother

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 弟 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 弟弟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 兄弟, 弟弟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 弟弟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 兄弟, 弟弟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 弟弟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 弟弟 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 兄弟, 弟弟 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 兄兒, 兄弟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 兄弟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 兄弟 male speaker, 弟子 female speaker |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 兄弟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 兄弟, 弟弟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 弟弟, 兄弟 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 兄弟 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 兄弟 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 弟弟, 兄弟, 富康子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 弟娃兒, 兄弟, 弟弟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 弟弟, 兄弟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 弟, 兄弟, 弟弟 childish |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 弟, 阿弟, 老弟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 弟弟, 兄弟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 兄弟, 弟弟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 弟子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 兄弟, 弟弟 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 細佬, 弟弟 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 細佬, 弟弟 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 阿弟 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 細佬, 阿弟, 細, 弟 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 阿弟, 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 阿弟 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 細佬, 弟弟 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 小弟 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 細佬 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 細佬 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 老弟, 兄弟 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 弟 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 老弟, 老弟仔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 老弟, 老弟里 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 弟弟 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 阿弟 |
| Hakka | Changting | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 老弟子 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 老弟子 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 弟佬 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 阿弟 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 細佬 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 老弟, 細佬 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 老弟, 細佬 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 阿弟, 老弟 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 老弟 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 阿弟, 老弟 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 弟 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 兄弟, 弟弟 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 兄弟 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 弟仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 依弟 face-to-face, 弟 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 小弟, 阿弟 face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 小弟, 阿弟 face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 小弟, 阿弟 face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 細弟仔, 細弟 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 小弟 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 小弟 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 小弟 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 小弟 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 小弟 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 小弟 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 小弟 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 小弟 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 小弟 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 小弟, 阿棣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 小弟, 阿弟 face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 小弟 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 阿弟 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 阿弟 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 阿弟 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 阿弟, 弟, 弟弟 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 阿弟 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 阿弟 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 阿弟 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 老弟 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 老弟 non-face-to-face, 阿弟 face-to-face |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 細佬, 弟弟 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 細佬 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 老弟 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 弟弟, 阿弟, 兄弟 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 兄弟 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 兄弟, 弟弟 |
| Wu | Danyang | 弟子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 阿弟, 弟弟 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 阿弟, 弟弟 face-to-face |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 阿弟 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 弟 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 老弟, 弟弟 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 老弟 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 老弟, 弟弟 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 老弟 |
* (disciple):
* 學師仔／学师仔 (hok$^6$ si$^1$ zai$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 學徒／学徒 (xuétú)
* 學徒工／学徒工 (xuétúgōng)
* 學生／学生 (xuéshēng)
* 師仔／师仔 (Hokkien, Taishanese)
* 師仔工／师仔工 (Hokkien)
* 師哥／师哥 (Longyan Min)
* 師囝／师囝 (sai$^1$ gian$^2$) (Teochew)
* 徒工 (túgōng)
* 徒弟 (túdì)
* 徒弟伢子 (dou$^2$ di$^4$ nga$^2$ zr) (Xiang)
* 徒弟娃兒／徒弟娃儿 (tu$^2$ di$^4$ war$^2$) (Sichuanese)
* 門人／门人 (ménrén)
* 門徒／门徒 (méntú)
* 門生／门生 (ménshēng) (literary)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 弟子(でし) (deshi)
* → Korean: 제자(弟子) (jeja)
* → Vietnamese: đệ tử (弟子)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 弟 | 子 |
| てい Grade: 2 | し Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese 弟子 (MC dejX tsiX). Probably the initial borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てーし [téꜜèshì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [te̞ːɕi]

#### Noun

弟(てい)子(し) • (teishi)
* a disciple, an apprentice
* (Buddhism) on a mala or Buddhist rosary, the ten small beads closest to the end of the portion that hangs free from the largest bead

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 弟 | 子 |
| で Grade: 2 | し Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
Appears to be a shift from teishi above. This is now the most common reading for the disciple, apprentice sense.

#### Alternative forms

* (honorific) お弟子(でし) (o-deshi)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) でし [dèshíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [de̞ɕi]

#### Noun

弟(で)子(し) • (deshi)
* an apprentice, a disciple
** Kore Yamazaki, “第1篇　April showers bring May flowers. [Composition 1: April showers bring May flowers.]”, in [魔法使いの嫁](The Ancient Magus Bride) [The Ancient Magus’ Bride], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Mag Garden, page 20:君(きみ)を魔法使い(ぼく)の弟(で)子(し)として歓(かん)迎(げい)するよ　死の愛し仔(スレイ・ベガ)…いや　チセKimi o boku no deshi to shite kangeisuru yo Surei Bega… Iya ChiseYou are welcome as my apprentice, Sleih Beggey… I mean, Chise

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 弟 | 子 |
| おと Grade: 2 | こ > ご Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
Compound of 弟 (oto, “younger”, cognate with 弟 (otōto, “younger brother”), itself from oto + 人 (hito, “person”)) +‎ 子 (ko, “child”). The ko changes to go as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Alternative forms

* 乙子

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞to̞ɡo̞]

#### Noun

弟(おと)子(ご) • (otogo)
* the youngest child
* short for 弟子月 (otogo-zuki, “December” in the lunar calendar)

##### Synonyms

(youngest child):
* 末(ばっ)子(し) (basshi)
* 末(すえ)っ子(こ) (suekko)
(December):
* 師(し)走(わす) (shiwasu) (old lunar calendar)
* 十(じゅう)二(に)月(がつ) (jūnigatsu) (modern solar calendar)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

### Anagrams

* 子(し)弟(てい) (shitei)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 弟 | 子 |

### Noun

弟子 • (jeja) (hangeul 제자)
* hanja form of 제자 (“disciple; pupil”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 弟 | 子 |

### Noun

弟子
* chữ Hán form of đệ tử (“disciple; underling”).