# ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ
## Coptic
### Etymology

From ⲛⲉϫ- (neč-) +‎ ⲧⲁϥ (taf), literally “to throw spit”.

### Verb

ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ • (nečtaf)
* (Sahidic) to spit

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nečtaf | imperative | affirmative | ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nečtaf |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tm̄nečtaf | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄pr̄nečtaf |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tinečtaf | ⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ knečtaf | ⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tenečtaf | ϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ fnečtaf | ⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ snečtaf | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tn̄nečtaf | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tetn̄nečtaf | ⲥⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ senečtaf | ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nečtaf |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eïnečtaf | ⲉⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eknečtaf | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ erenečtaf | ⲉϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ efnečtaf | ⲉⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ esnečtaf | ⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ennečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etetn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eunečtaf | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ere- nečtaf |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etinečtaf | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etk̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etenečtaf, eterenečtaf | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etf̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ets̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etetn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etounečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etere- nečtaf |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ neïnečtaf | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ neknečtaf | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nerenečtaf | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nefnečtaf | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nesnečtaf | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nennečtaf | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ netetn̄nečtaf | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ neunečtaf | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nere- nečtaf |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tinanečtaf | ⲕⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ knanečtaf | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tenanečtaf | ϥⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ fnanečtaf | ⲥⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ snanečtaf | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tn̄nanečtaf | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tetnanečtaf | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ senanečtaf | ⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nanečtaf |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eïnanečtaf | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eknanečtaf | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ erenanečtaf | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ efnanečtaf | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ esnanečtaf | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ennanečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etetnanečtaf | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eunanečtaf | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ere- nanečtaf |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etinanečtaf | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etk̄nanečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etenanečtaf, eterenanečtaf | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etf̄nanečtaf | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ets̄nanečtaf | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etn̄nanečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etetnanečtaf | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etounanečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etere- nanečtaf |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ neïnanečtaf | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ neknanečtaf | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nerenanečtaf | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nefnanečtaf | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nesnanečtaf | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nennanečtaf | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ netetnanečtaf | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ neunanečtaf | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nere- nanečtaf |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ aïnečtaf | ⲁⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ aknečtaf | ⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲁⲣⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ anečtaf, arnečtaf, arenečtaf | ⲁϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ afnečtaf | ⲁⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ asnečtaf | ⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ annečtaf | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ atetn̄nečtaf | ⲁⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ aunečtaf | ⲁ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ a- nečtaf |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄pinečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄pk̄nečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄penečtaf, m̄pr̄nečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄pf̄nečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄ps̄nečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄pn̄nečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄petn̄nečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄pounečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄pe- nečtaf |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eaïnečtaf | ⲉⲁⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eaknečtaf | ⲉⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉⲁⲣⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eanečtaf, earnečtaf, earenečtaf | ⲉⲁϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eafnečtaf | ⲉⲁⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ easnečtaf | ⲉⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eannečtaf | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eatetn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲁⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eaunečtaf | ⲉⲁ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ea- nečtaf |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄pinečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄pk̄nečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄penečtaf, em̄pr̄nečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄pf̄nečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄ps̄nečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄pn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄petn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄pounečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄pe- nečtaf |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ entaïnečtaf, n̄taïnečtaf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ entaknečtaf, n̄taknečtaf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ entanečtaf, n̄tanečtaf, entarnečtaf, n̄tarnečtaf, entarenečtaf, n̄tarenečtaf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ entafnečtaf, n̄tafnečtaf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ entasnečtaf, n̄tasnečtaf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ entannečtaf, n̄tannečtaf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ entatetn̄nečtaf, n̄tatetn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ entaunečtaf, n̄taunečtaf | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ enta- nečtaf, n̄ta- nečtaf |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄pinečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄pk̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄penečtaf, etem̄pr̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄pf̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄ps̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄pn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄petn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄pounečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄pe- nečtaf |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ neaïnečtaf | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ neaknečtaf | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ neanečtaf, nearnečtaf, nearenečtaf | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ neafnečtaf | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ neasnečtaf | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ neannečtaf | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ neatetn̄nečtaf | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ neaunečtaf | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nea- nečtaf |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄pinečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄pk̄nečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄penečtaf, nem̄pr̄nečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄pf̄nečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄ps̄nečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄pn̄nečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄petn̄nečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄pounečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄pe- nečtaf |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄taïnečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄taknečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄tanečtaf, n̄tarnečtaf, n̄tarenečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄tafnečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄tasnečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄tannečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄tatetn̄nečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄taunečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄ta- nečtaf |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄patinečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄patk̄nečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄patenečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄patf̄nečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄pats̄nečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄patn̄nečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄patetn̄nečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄patounečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄pate- nečtaf |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄patinečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄patk̄nečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄patenečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄patf̄nečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄pats̄nečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄patn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄patetn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄patounečtaf | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ em̄pate- nečtaf |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄patinečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄patk̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄patenečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄patf̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄pats̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄patn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄patetn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄patounečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etem̄pate- nečtaf |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄patinečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄patk̄nečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄patenečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄patf̄nečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄pats̄nečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄patn̄nečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄patetn̄nečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄patounečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nem̄pate- nečtaf |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šaïnečtaf | ϣⲁⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šaknečtaf | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šarenečtaf | ϣⲁϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šafnečtaf | ϣⲁⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šasnečtaf | ϣⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šannečtaf | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šatetn̄nečtaf | ϣⲁⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šaunečtaf | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šare- nečtaf |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ meïnečtaf | ⲙⲉⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ meknečtaf | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ merenečtaf | ⲙⲉϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ mefnečtaf | ⲙⲉⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ mesnečtaf | ⲙⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ mennečtaf | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ metetn̄nečtaf | ⲙⲉⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ meunečtaf | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ mere- nečtaf |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ešaïnečtaf | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ešaknečtaf | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ešarenečtaf | ⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ešafnečtaf | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ešasnečtaf | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ešannečtaf | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ešatetn̄nečtaf | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ešaunečtaf | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ešare- nečtaf |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emeïnečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emeknečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emerenečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emefnečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emesnečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emennečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emetetn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emeunečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emere- nečtaf |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etešaïnečtaf, ešaïnečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etešaknečtaf, ešaknečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etešarenečtaf, ešarenečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etešafnečtaf, ešafnečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etešasnečtaf, ešasnečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etešannečtaf, ešannečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etešatetn̄nečtaf, ešatetn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etešaunečtaf, ešaunečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etešare- nečtaf, ešare- nečtaf |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etemeïnečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etemeknečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etemerenečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etemefnečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etemesnečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etemennečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etemetetn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etemeunečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etemere- nečtaf |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nešaïnečtaf | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nešaknečtaf | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nešarenečtaf | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nešafnečtaf | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nešasnečtaf | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nešannečtaf | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nešatetn̄nečtaf | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nešaunečtaf | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nešare- nečtaf |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nemeïnečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nemeknečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nemerenečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nemefnečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nemesnečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nemennečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nemetetn̄nečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nemeunečtaf | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ nemere- nečtaf |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emeïnečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emeknečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emerenečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emefnečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emesnečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emennečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emetetn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emeunečtaf | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ emere- nečtaf |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eïenečtaf | ⲉⲕⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ekenečtaf | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ erenečtaf | ⲉϥⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ efenečtaf | ⲉⲥⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ esenečtaf | ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ enenečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etetnenečtaf | ⲉⲩⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ euenečtaf | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ere- nečtaf |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄nanečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄neknečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄nenečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄nefnečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄nesnečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄nennečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄netn̄nečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄neunečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄ne- nečtaf |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ marinečtaf | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ marefnečtaf | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ maresnečtaf | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ marn̄nečtaf | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ marounečtaf | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ mare- nečtaf |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄pr̄tranečtaf | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄pr̄trefnečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄pr̄tresnečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄pr̄trennečtaf | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄pr̄treunečtaf | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ m̄pr̄tre- nečtaf |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲧⲁⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄tanečtaf, tanečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲅⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄gnečtaf, n̄knečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄tenečtaf | ⲛ̄ϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄fnečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄snečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄tn̄nečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄tetn̄nečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄senečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄te- nečtaf |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tarinečtaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tareknečtaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tarenečtaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tarefnečtaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ taresnečtaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tarn̄nečtaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ taretn̄nečtaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tarounečtaf | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ tare- nečtaf |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄terinečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄tereknečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄terenečtaf, n̄terernečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄terefnečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄teresnečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄tern̄nečtaf, n̄terennečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄teretn̄nečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄terounečtaf | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ n̄tere- nečtaf |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šantinečtaf | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šantk̄nečtaf | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šantenečtaf | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šantf̄nečtaf | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šants̄nečtaf | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šantn̄nečtaf | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šantetn̄nečtaf | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šantounečtaf | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ šante- nečtaf |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eïšannečtaf | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ekšannečtaf | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eršannečtaf, erešannečtaf | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ efšannečtaf | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ esšannečtaf | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ enšannečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etetn̄šannečtaf | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eušannečtaf | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eršan- nečtaf |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eïnečtaf | ⲉⲕⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eknečtaf | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ erenečtaf | ⲉϥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ efnečtaf | ⲉⲥⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ esnečtaf | ⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ennečtaf | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ etetn̄nečtaf | ⲉⲩⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ eunečtaf | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ ere- nečtaf |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

#### Synonyms

* ⲥⲉⲧⲧⲁϥ (settaf)
* ϩⲓⲑⲁϥ (hithaf), ⲉⲗⲧⲟϥ (eltof), ⲉⲗⲧⲟⲧϥ (eltotf) (Bohairic)

### References

* TLA lemma no. C4733 (ⲛⲉϫⲧⲁϥ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),