# 華語
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Huáyǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄩˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): waa$^4$ jyu$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fà-ngî
    (Hailu, HRS): fa ngi$^ˋ$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hôa-gí / hôa-gú / hôa-gír / hôa-ú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hua$^5$ ghe$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Huáyǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Huáyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: Hua$^2$-yü$^3$
*** Yale: Hwá-yǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Hwayeu
*** Palladius: Хуаюй (Xuajuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ä³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waa$^4$ jyu$^5$
*** Yale: wàh yúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waa$^4$ jy$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wa$^4$ yu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /waː²¹ jyː¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fà-ngî
*** Hakka Romanization System: fa$^ˇ$ ngi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fa$^2$ ngi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /fa¹¹ ŋi²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fa ngi$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /fa⁵⁵ ŋi⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Philippines, Jinjiang, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôa-gí
*** Tâi-lô: huâ-gí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoa'gie
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hua²³⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/
*** IPA (Philippines, Jinjiang): /hua²⁴⁻²² ɡi⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Penang): /hua²³⁻²¹ ɡi⁴⁴⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hua¹³⁻²² ɡi⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôa-gú
*** Tâi-lô: huâ-gú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoa'guo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hua²⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/
*** IPA (Penang): /hua²³⁻²¹ ɡu⁴⁴⁵/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hua²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôa-gír
*** Tâi-lô: huâ-gír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hua²⁴⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôa-ú
*** Tâi-lô: huâ-ú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoa'uo
*** IPA (Penang): /hua²³⁻²¹ u⁴⁴⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hua$^5$ ghe$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâ gṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡɯ⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: hwae ngjoX
Rime :
| Character | 華 | 語 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (99) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 戸花切 | 魚巨切 |
| Baxter | hwae | ngjoX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠua/ | /ŋɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷᵚa/ | /ŋiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣua/ | /ŋiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwaɨ/ | /ŋɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣua/ | /ŋiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣwa/ | /ŋĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣwa/ | /ŋi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huá | yǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | waa$^4$ | jyu$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-qʷʰˤra ŋ(r)aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷraː ŋaʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 華 | 語 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huá | yǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwæ › | ‹ ngjo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-qʷʰˁra/ | /*ŋ(r)aʔ/ |
| English | flower (v.); flowery (adj.) | speak |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 華 | 語 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/2 |
| No. | 5312 | 13159 |
| Phonetic component | 華 | 五 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 華 | 語 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷraː/ | /*ŋaʔ/ |
| Notes | 說文於聲 | |

### Noun

華語
* (chiefly Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia) Mandarin Chinese; (standard) Chinese
    你會說華語嗎？／你会说华语吗？ ― Nǐ huì shuō huáyǔ ma? ― Do you speak Mandarin?
       Jiǎng Huáyǔ Yùndòng [Pinyin]
       Speak Mandarin Campaign
    From: 2015, Li Wei, Multilingualism in the Chinese Diaspora Worldwide: Transnational Connections and Local Social Realities, Routledge →ISBN, page 209
    Do you think Teochew language should be preserved in Singapore or is Mandarin good enough?
* (historical, pre-modern) the language of China (華夏／华夏); Chinese
** 1677, “序 [xù, Preface]”, in 朴通事諺解:
       jacha seup hwaeo ja bul hwan mu yangsa [Sino-Korean]
       henceforth, those who learn Chinese need not worry about lacking a good teacher
** 1775, “跋 [bá, Afterword]”, in 譯語類解補:
       mullyu u man bang'eon buril i ain i seup hwaeo ja gu mineung juji i pyeonhae ui u so jeoeo i hangyeok cha yeogeo yuhae ji so yu jak ya [Sino-Korean]
       There are myriad types of things, and dialects are diverse. If any of us learns Chinese without being able to fully understand and interpret-it-all, there will probably be some incompatibilities and inconsistencies. This is why yeogeo yuhae is written.
* (Classical) words of praise

#### Usage notes

* In Mainland China, Standard Mandarin is usually called 普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà), while 國語／国语 (guóyǔ) may also be used colloquially.
* In Taiwan, it is often called 國語／国语 (guóyǔ), while 華語／华语 (Huáyǔ) is often used to distinguish it from other languages, such as 臺灣閩南語／台湾闽南语 (táiwānmǐnnányǔ), or when used in a foreign-facing context.
* In Hong Kong and Macau, it has usually been called 國語／国语, but 普通話／普通话 is becoming more common.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 國語, 中文 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 華語, 華文 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 華語, 華文 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 中國話 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 普通話 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Oudomxay | 中國話 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 普通話, 普語 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 國語, 普通話 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 普通話 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 普通話 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 華語 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 華語 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 普通話, 國語 dated |
| Gan | Nanchang | 國語 dated |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 華語 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 華語 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 華語 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 華語 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 華語 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 華語 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 普通話, 國語 dated |
| Eastern Min | Sitiawan (Gutian) | 華文 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 普通話, 國語 dated |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 普通話 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 國語 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 普通話 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 華語, 國語 GT |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 華語, 唐儂話 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 華語, 唐儂話 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 國語, 國語話, 華語, 普通話 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 普通話 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 普通話 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 普通話 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 普通話 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 華語, 唐儂話 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 普通閒話 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 普通閒話 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 普通閒話 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (not particular region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (not particular region identified) |

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 華語(かご) (kago)
* → Korean: 화어(華語) (hwa'eo)
* → Vietnamese: Hoa ngữ (華語)

#### See also

* 中文 (Zhōngwén)
* 中國話／中国话 (Zhōngguóhuà)
* 華文／华文 (Huáwén)
* 漢語／汉语 (Hànyǔ)
* 國語／国语 (guóyǔ)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 華 | 語 |
| か Grade: S | ご Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

華(か)語(ご) • (kago)
* (uncommon) the (standard) Chinese language, Mandarin
    台(たい)湾(わん)華(か)語(ご)
       Taiwan kago
       Taiwanese Mandarin

#### Synonyms

* (Chinese language (generic)): 中(ちゅう)国(ごく)語(ご) (Chūgokugo)
* (Mandarin Chinese): 北京(ペキン)語(ご) (Pekingo)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 華 | 語 |

### Noun

華語 • (hwa'eo) (hangeul 화어)
* hanja form of 화어 (“Chinese language”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 華 | 語 |

### Noun

華語
* chữ Hán form of Hoa ngữ (“Chinese language”).