# エコロジー
## Japanese
### Etymology

From English ecology.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [e̞ko̞ɾo̞ʑiː]

### Noun

エコロジー • (ekorojī)
* (biology, medicine) ecology (branch of biology studying the relationships among organisms and their environment)
    Synonym: 生態学 (seitaigaku)
** 1995, Hoshikawa Jun, Ekorojī tte nandarō [What is ecology?], →ISBN, page 8:
    「エコロジーを勉強(べんきょう)したいんだって？」温泉(おんせん)に向(む)かう車(くるま)の中(なか)で、淳(じゅん)さんが聞(き)いた。 「ええ。でも、まだ漢然(かんぜん)としてるんです。ことをもっとよくしりたいなとおもうてるだけ」 「保全生物学(ほぜんせいぶつがく)だな」
       “Ekorojī o benkyō shitain datte?” onsen ni mukau kuruma no naka de, Jun-san ga kīta. “Ee. Demo, mada kanzen to shiterun desu. Koto o motto yoku shiritai na to omōteru dake” “Hozen seibutsu gaku da na”
       “So, you want to study ecology?” Jun asked in the car on the way to the hot spring. “Yeah. But I’m still not clear about it. I just want to know more about what it is.” “Study of conservation biology, isn’t it?”
** 2021 August, Nakamoto Kenji, Kanai Takanori, “Chōnai saikin to meneki [Intestinal bacteria and immunity]”, in Ikai no ayumi, volume 278, number 9, page 770:
    腸(ちょう)内(ない)細(さい)菌(きん)は宿(しゅく)主(しゅ)が摂(せっ)取(しゅ)した栄(えい)養(よう)分(ぶん)を利(り)用(よう)しながら生(せい)息(そく)し、他(た)種(しゅ)細(さい)菌(きん)と宿(しゅく)主(しゅ)と相(そう)互(ご)に影(えい)響(きょう)を及(およ)ぼしながら腸(ちょう)内(ない)にエコロジーを形(けい)成(せい)する。
       Chōnai saikin wa shukushu ga sesshu shita eiyōbun o riyō shinagara seisoku shi, tashu saikin to shukushu to sōgo ni eikyō o oyoboshinagara chōnai ni ekorojī o keisei suru.
       Intestinal bacteria live in the gut, where they utilize nutrients taken in by the host and interact with other bacterial species as well as the host to constitute the internal ecology of the gut.
** 2022 November, Shimoyama Atsushi, “Kisei / kyōsei kin ripido A o kiten to shita ajubanto kaihatsu [Parasitic and symbiotic bacteria lipid A as origin for adjuvant development]”, in Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, volume 34, page 101:
    近(きん)年(ねん)、リピドAを介(かい)した細(さい)菌(きん)宿(しゅく)主(しゅ)間(あいだ)ケミカルエコロジーが存(そん)在(ざい)するというアイデアのもと、宿(しゅく)主(しゅ)との共(きょう)進(しん)化(か)によりLPSの化(か)学(がく)構(こう)造(ぞう)変(へん)化(か)が生(しょう)じ、低(てい)毒(どく)性(せい)な免(めん)疫(えき)調(ちょう)節(せつ)因(いん)子(し)を有(ゆう)することが予(よ)測(そく)された寄(き)生(せい)・共(きょう)生(せい)菌(きん)由(ゆ)来(らい)成(せい)分(ぶん)が注(ちゅう)目(もく)されている。
       Kinnen, ripido A o kaishita saikin shukushu aida kemikaru ekorojī ga sonzai suru to iu aidea no moto, shukushu to no kyōshinka ni yori LPS no kagaku kōzō henka ga shōji, tei-dokusei na men'eki chōsetsu inshi o yūsuru koto ga yosoku sareta kisei kyōsei kin yurai seibun ga chūmoku sareteiru.
       In recent years, starting from the idea that lipid A-mediated bacterial host-host chemical ecology exists, attention has focused on components from parasitic and symbiotic bacteria, where co-evolution with the host has resulted in a chemical conformational change in LPS, which is predicted to have low-toxicity immunomodulatory properties.
* environmental protection; environmentalism (ideology in favor of protecting the environment)
** 1987 July 23, “Kankyō kogo shōhin ni ‘eco-maku’ [‘Eco-mark’ on environmentally friendly goods]”, in Chunichi Shimbun, page 3:
    環(かん)境(きょう)庁(ちょう)は二(に)十(じゅう)二(に)日(にち)、環(かん)境(きょう)を汚(よご)さない商(しょう)品(ひん)に推(すい)奨(しょう)マークを交(こう)付(ふ)して「お墨(すみ)付(つ)き」を与(あた)えるエコロジーマーク（エコマーク）制(せい)度(ど)を来(らい)年(ねん)一(いち)月(がつ)から実(じっ)施(し)することを決(き)めた。
       Kankyōchō wa nijūninichi, kankyō o yogosanai shōhin ni suishō māku o kōfu shite “osumi tsuki” o ataeru ekorojī māku (ekomāku) seido o rainen ichigatsu kara jisshi suru koto o kimeta.
       The Environment Agency decided on the 22nd to implement a system from January of next year by which an ecology mark (eco-mark) will indicate an ‘official certification’ on goods that do not pollute the environment.
** 1994, Mishima Jirō, Seibutsushi kara no ekorojī [From living history to ecology], page 97:
    長(なが)い経験(けいけん)に基(もと)づいてのものは現在(げんざい)に十分通用(じゅうぶんつうよう)する、いわゆるエコロジーライフの拠(よ)り所(どころ)として、もう一度昔(いちどむかし)の人(ひと)の言葉(ことば)に耳(みみ)を傾(かたむ)けてみてほしい。
       Nagai keiken ni motozuite no mono wa genzai ni jūbun tsūyō suru, iwayuru ekorojī raifu no yoridokoro to shite, mō ichido mukashi no hito no kotoba ni mimi o katamukete mite hoshī.
       Based on their long experience which is also relevant to our lives today, we should heed the words of the ancients once more as a basis for so-called ecological living.
** 2017 April 29, “Tanoshiku manande, toshi jūman raikan [Enjoying and learning, 100,000 visitors per year]”, in Asahi Shimbun, page 22:
    楽(たの)しみながら環(かん)境(きょう)問(もん)題(だい)が学(まな)べる京(みやこ)（みやこ）エコロジーセンター（伏(ふし)見(み)区(く)）の来(らい)館(かん)者(しゃ)が昨(さく)年(ねん)度(ど)、１０(じゅう)万(まん)人(にん)を超(こ)え過(か)去(こ)最(さい)高(こう)となった。
       Tanoshiminagara kankyō mondai ga manaberu Miyako (miyako) Ekorojī Sentā (Fushimi ku) no raikansha ga sakunendo, jūman-nin o koe kako saikō to natta.
       The number of visitors at the Metro (Miyako) Ecology Center (Fushimi ward), where visitors can have fun while learning about environmental problems, was a record-high 100,000 last year.
* social ecology (study of the relationships among people and their environment)
    Synonym: 社会生態学 (shakai seitaigaku)
** 2024 March 3, “‘Media ekorojī’ / ‘rabu retā no kakikata’ netto shakai de tou ‘kodoku’ no imi [‘Media ecology’, ‘how love letters are written’ and the significance of blaming internet culture for ‘solitude’]”, in Kōsho Kōjitsu [Good life with books]‎, archived from the original on 2024-04-02:
    併(あわ)せて、かつて『精神(せいしん)の生態学(せいたいがく)』を著(ちょ)したアメリカの人類学者(じんるいがくしゃ)ベイトソンの思索(しさく)と照(て)らし合(あ)わせ「情報(じょうほう)の生態学(せいたいがく)（メディアエコロジー）」をめぐり様々(さまざま)な角度(かくど)から問(と)いを発(はっ)する。
       Awasete, katsute “Seishin no Seitaigaku” o choshita Amerika no jinrui gakusha Beitoson no shisaku to terashi awase “jōhō no seitaigaku (media ekorojī)” o meguri samazama na kakudo kara toi o hassuru.
       At the same time, in brings to mind questions from various angles on American anthropologist Gregory Bateson’s notion of ‘the ecology of information’ (media ecology) in his Steps to an Ecology of Mind.

#### See also

* エコ (eko, “eco-friendly; eco-friendliness”)

### References

* “エコロジー”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
* “エコロジー”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006