# 積み上げる
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 積 | 上 |
| つ(み) Grade: 4 | あ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 積上げる

### Etymology

Compound of 積(つ)み (tsumi, continuative of 積(つ)む (tsumu, “to pile, stack”)) + 上(あ)げる (ageru, “to raise, move up”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つみあげる [tsùmíágéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])
* IPA: [t͡sɨmʲia̠ɡe̞ɾɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「積み上げる」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 積み上げる | つみあげる | [tsùmíágéꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 積み上げろ | つみあげろ | [tsùmíágéꜜrò] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 積み上げられる | つみあげられる | [tsùmíágéráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 積み上げさせる | つみあげさせる | [tsùmíágésáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 積み上げられる | つみあげられる | [tsùmíágéráréꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 積み上げよう | つみあげよー | [tsùmíágéyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 積み上げない | つみあげない | [tsùmíágéꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 積み上げなかった | つみあげなかった | [tsùmíágéꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 積み上げます | つみあげます | [tsùmíágémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 積み上げた | つみあげた | [tsùmíáꜜgètà] |
| Conjunctive | 積み上げて | つみあげて | [tsùmíáꜜgètè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 積み上げれば | つみあげれば | [tsùmíágéꜜrèbà] |

### Verb

積(つ)み上(あ)げる • (tsumiageru) transitive ichidan (stem 積(つ)み上(あ)げ (tsumiage), past 積(つ)み上(あ)げた (tsumiageta))
* to pile up; to accumulate
    積(つ)み木(き)を積(つ)み上(あ)げる
       tsumiki o tsumiageru
       to assemble building blocks

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 積み上げ | つみあげ | tsumiage |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 積み上げ | つみあげ | tsumiage |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 積み上げる | つみあげる | tsumiageru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 積み上げる | つみあげる | tsumiageru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 積み上げれ | つみあげれ | tsumiagere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 積み上げよ¹ 積み上げろ² | つみあげよ¹ つみあげろ² | tsumiageyo¹ tsumiagero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 積み上げられる | つみあげられる | tsumiagerareru |
| Causative | 積み上げさせる 積み上げさす | つみあげさせる つみあげさす | tsumiagesaseru tsumiagesasu |
| Potential | 積み上げられる 積み上げれる³ | つみあげられる つみあげれる³ | tsumiagerareru tsumiagereru³ |
| Volitional | 積み上げよう | つみあげよう | tsumiageyō |
| Negative | 積み上げない 積み上げぬ 積み上げん | つみあげない つみあげぬ つみあげん | tsumiagenai tsumiagenu tsumiagen |
| Negative continuative | 積み上げず | つみあげず | tsumiagezu |
| Formal | 積み上げます | つみあげます | tsumiagemasu |
| Perfective | 積み上げた | つみあげた | tsumiageta |
| Conjunctive | 積み上げて | つみあげて | tsumiagete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 積み上げれば | つみあげれば | tsumiagereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 積み上げ | つみあげ | tumiage |
| Continuative (連用形) | 積み上げ | つみあげ | tumiage |
| Terminal (終止形) | 積み上ぐ | つみあぐ | tumiagu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 積み上ぐる | つみあぐる | tumiaguru |
| Realis (已然形) | 積み上ぐれ | つみあぐれ | tumiagure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 積み上げよ | つみあげよ | tumiageyo |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 積み上げず | つみあげず | tumiagezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 積み上ぐれど | つみあぐれど | tumiaguredo |
| Causal conjunction | 積み上ぐれば | つみあぐれば | tumiagureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 積み上げば | つみあげば | tumiageba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 積み上げき | つみあげき | tumiageki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 積み上げけり | つみあげけり | tumiagekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 積み上げつ | つみあげつ | tumiagetu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 積み上げぬ | つみあげぬ | tumiagenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 積み上げたり | つみあげたり | tumiagetari |
| Volitional | 積み上げむ | つみあげむ | tumiagemu |