# 寡

| 寡 | U+5BE1, &#23521; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BE1 |
| ← 寠 [U+5BE0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 寢 → [U+5BE2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

寡 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十一金竹 (JMCH), four-corner 3022$_7$, composition ⿳宀頁刀)

#### Derived characters

* 𠏶, 𭄖

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 290, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7286
* Dae Jaweon: page 574, character 26
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 947, character 7
* Unihan data for U+5BE1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 寡 :
| Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
In the bronze script from the Western Zhou period, it was originally an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 頁 (“head”) — only one person in the house; alone.
In the bronze script from the Warring States period, two decorative strokes were added around 頁. The seal script found in Shuowen adds two additional strokes, making the component under 宀 appear as 分 and 頁, leading Shuowen to erroneously interpret the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 頒 (“to distribute”).

### Etymology

Related to 鰥 (OC *kruːn, *kruːns, “widower”), 孤 (OC *kʷaː, “orphan; alone”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan དགོན་པ (dgon pa, “solitary place; desert; wilderness”), Tibetan སྒོས (sgos, “private; individual”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): guǎ (gua$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄚˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gua$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gwaa$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ga$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): gua$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kóa
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gua$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): gua$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): guǎ
* Eastern Min (BUC): guā
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kóa / kóaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guan$^2$ / gua$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ko; $^5$kua
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gua$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guǎ
*** Wade–Giles: kua$^3$
*** Yale: gwǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goa
*** Palladius: гуа (gua)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ä²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: gua$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gua
*** Sinological IPA : /kua⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwaa$^2$
*** Yale: gwá
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwaa$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gua$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷaː³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ga$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ka⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: gua$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kua²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kóa
*** Hakka Romanization System: gua$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gua$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku̯a³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gua$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kua³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: gua$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kua⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: guǎ
*** Sinological IPA : /kua²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: guā
*** Sinological IPA : /kua³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kóa
*** Tâi-lô: kuá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koar
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kua⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kua⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kua⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kóaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kuánn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kvoar
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kuã⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: guan$^2$ / gua$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuáⁿ / kuá
*** Sinological IPA : /kũã⁵²/, /kua⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ko; $^5$kua
*** MiniDict: ko$^去$; kua$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ko; $^2$kua
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ko³⁴/, /kua³⁴/
* 2ko - vernacular;
* 2kua - literary.
* Middle Chinese: kwaeX
Rime :
| Character | 寡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (99) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古瓦切 |
| Baxter | kwaeX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠua$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷᵚa$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kua$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwaɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kua$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kwa$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kwa$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guǎ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwaa$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.k]ʷˤraʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʷraːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 寡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | guǎ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kwæ$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[C.k]ʷˁraʔ/ |
| English | few |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 寡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4400 |
| Phonetic component | 寡 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 寡 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷraːʔ/ |

### Definitions

寡
* few; scant
    寡德之人 ― guǎdé zhī rén ― person of meager virtue
* widowed
* widow
* alone; friendless
* tasteless
       zing$^6$ hai$^6$ sik$^6$ coi$^3$ hou$^2$ ci$^5$ gwaa$^2$ zo$^2$ di$^1$ wo$^3$. [Jyutping]
       It's kind of tasteless to eat vegetables only.
* (Hokkien) some
       Góa khì chhài-chhī-á bé kóa chheⁿ-chhài. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       I'm going to the market to buy some vegetables.
* (Central Min) one

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 寡, 寡婦, 寡妻, 嫠, 嫠婦, 孀, 孀妻, 孀婦, 遺孀, 孤孀, 孤嫠, 寡嫠 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 寡婦, 孤孀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 寡婦, 半邊人兒, 半邊人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 寡婦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 寡婦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 寡婦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 寡婦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 寡婦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 寡婦 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 寡婦 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 寡婦兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 寡婦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 寡婦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 寡婦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 寡婦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 女寡婦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 女寡婦 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 寡婦 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 寡婦 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 寡婦 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 寡婦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 寡母子, 寡母兒, 寡婦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 寡婦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 寡婆, 寡婦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 寡婦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guanyang | 寡婆子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 寡母婆, 寡婦婆, 寡婦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 寡婦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 寡婦婆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 老寡婦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 寡婦 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 寡婦 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 半邊人, 寡婦 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 半邊人 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 寡婦 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 寡母婆, 寡婆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 寡母婆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 寡婦婆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 守寡婆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 守寡婆 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 寡婆 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 守寡婆 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 寡婦婆 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 寡母婆 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 寡母婆 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 寡母婆 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 寡婦 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 寡婦, 半邊人 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 寡婦 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 寡婦, 寡婦婆 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 寡婦 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 寡婦婆 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 守寡婆 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 寡婦婆 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 守寡婆 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 寡婦, 寡婦老嫗 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 寡婦 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 寡婦, 守寡哩 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 寡婦 |
| Jin | Linhe | 寡婦 |
| Jin | Jining | 寡婦 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 寡婦 |
| Jin | Baotou | 寡婦 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 寡婦 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 寡婦 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 守寡嫲 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 孀居儂, 孀居 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 守寡儂, 守寡的, 守寡查某 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 守寡儂 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 守寡儂 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 守寡個 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 寡婦 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 寡婦 |
| Southern Min | Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 寡婦 |
| Southern Min | Hat Yai (Teochew) | 寡婦 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 寡婦 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 守節 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 死老公個 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 寡婆 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 寡母婆 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 孤孀, 寡婦 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 寡婦, 單邊人 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 孤孀 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 寡婦 |
| Wu | Danyang | 寡婦 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 寡婦 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 孤孀老𡢿, 孤孀 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 守寡老人兒, 守寡老安人, 單邊人 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 寡婦 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 寡婦 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 寡婦 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 單身寡婦, 寡婦 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 些 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 些 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 些 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 啲 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 啲 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 尼 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 啲 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 兜 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 兜 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 兜 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 兜 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 兜 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 兜 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 兜 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 寡 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 寡 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 寡 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 寡 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 寡 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 撮 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 撮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 撮 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 眼, 點, 些 formal or Mandarin-influenced |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 厘兒 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 一 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 一, 幺 as a digit |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 一 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 一 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 一 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 一 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 一 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 一 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 一 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 一 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 一 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 一 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 一 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 一 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 一 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 一 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yanqi | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 一 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 一 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 一 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 一 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 一 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 一 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guanyang | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Lipu | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yangshuo | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Fujian) | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Binyang (Nanjie) | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yongzhou | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Oudomxay | 一 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pematangsiantar | 一 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 一 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 一 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 一 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 一 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 一 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 一 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 一 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 一 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 一 |
| Mandarin | Jiangshan (Nianbadu) | 一 |
| Mandarin | Kaihua (Huabu) | 一 |
| Mandarin | Yushan (Huaiyu) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 一 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 一 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 一 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 一 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 一 |
| Cantonese | Rongxian | 一 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 一 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jintian) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jiangkou) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Mule) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Pingnan | 一 |
| Cantonese | Pingnan (Danzhu) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xinxu) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Chentang) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Gangcheng) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Pingdong) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu | 一 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 一 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 一 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 一 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 一, 𠬠 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 一, 𠬠 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Dongxing | 一 |
| Cantonese | Lingchuan (Yangjia) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Sarikei (Xinhui) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 一, 𠬠 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Bangkok (Guangfu) | 一 |
| Cantonese | Betong (Rongxian) | 一 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 一 |
| Gan | Pengze | 一 |
| Gan | Yanshan (Yongping) | 一 |
| Gan | Fengcheng | 一 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 一 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 一 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 一 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 一 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 一 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 一 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 一 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 一 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 一 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 一 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 一 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 一 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 一 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Shahe) | 一 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Longtan) | 一 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Lingping) | 一 |
| Hakka | Binyang (Wangling) | 一 |
| Hakka | Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) | 一 |
| Hakka | Lipu (Shuangduitun) | 一 |
| Hakka | Lipu (Dashigu) | 一 |
| Hakka | Pingle (Tong'an) | 一 |
| Hakka | Yangshuo (Jinbao) | 一 |
| Hakka | Guidong | 一 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 一 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 一 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 一 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 一 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 一 |
| Hakka | Pontianak (Meixian) | 一 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Meixian) | 一 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Fengshun) | 一 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Jiexi) | 一 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 一 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 一 |
| Huizhou | Shexian (Daguyun) | 一 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 一 |
| Jin | Taiyuan (Jiancaoping) | 一 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 一 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 一 |
| Jin | Datong | 一 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 一 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 一 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 一 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 一 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 一 |
| Jin | Linhe | 一 |
| Jin | Jining | 一 |
| Jin | Liangcheng | 一 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 一 |
| Jin | Baotou | 一 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 一 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 一 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 一 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 一 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 一 |
| Jin | Handan | 一 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 一 |
| Jin | Suide | 一 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 一 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蜀 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 蜀 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 蜀 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 個 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 蜀 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 蜀 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 蜀 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 蜀 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 蜀 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 蜀 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Pingtian) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Xiaowen) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Dongsheng) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Hong Kong (Yuen Chau Tsai) | 蜀, 一 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 蜀, 一 |
| Southern Min | Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Hat Yai (Teochew) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 蜀 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 蜀 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 蜀 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 蜀 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 蜀 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 蜀 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 蜀 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 蜀 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 蜀 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 寡 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 寡 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 個, 蜀 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 蜀 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 一 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 一 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dongbianzhou) | 一 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Yangjia) | 一 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Qianjing) | 一 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) | 一 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 一 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Gaoqiao) | 一 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 一 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 一 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 一 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 一 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 一 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 一 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 一 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 一 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 一 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Wujiang) | 一 |
| Wu | Danyang | 一 |
| Wu | Nanjing (Zhongbao, Gaochun) | 一 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 一 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 一 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 一 |
| Wu | Xiangshan | 一 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 一 |
| Wu | Songyang (Gushi) | 一 |
| Wu | Longquan | 一 |
| Wu | Jiangshan | 一 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 一 |
| Wu | Yiwu | 一 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 一 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 一 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) | 一 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 一 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 一 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 一 |
| Xiang | Hengshan | 一 |
| Xiang | Hengshan (Baiguo) | 一 |
| Xiang | Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) | 一 |

### Compounds

* 一寡 (chi̍t-kóa) (Min Nan)
* 一寡仔 (chi̍t-kóa-á) (Min Nan)
* 乖寡
* 九寡
* 仁柔寡斷／仁柔寡断
* 以寡擊眾／以寡击众
* 以寡敵眾／以寡敌众
* 以眾克寡／以众克寡
* 以眾暴寡／以众暴寡
* 優柔寡斷／优柔寡断 (yōuróuguǎduàn)
* 兵微將寡／兵微将寡 (bīngwēijiàngguǎ)
* 凋寡
* 刻薄寡恩
* 吃寡酒
* 吃寡醋
* 單寡／单寡
* 喝寡酒
* 單鵠寡鳧／单鹄寡凫
* 因陋就寡
* 填寡
* 多寡 (duōguǎ)
* 多端寡要
* 多賤寡貴／多贱寡贵
* 失道寡助 (shīdàoguǎzhù)
* 女兒寡／女儿寡
* 孀寡
* 孤儔寡匹／孤俦寡匹
* 孤兒寡婦／孤儿寡妇
* 孤家寡人 (gūjiāguǎrén)
* 孤寡 (gūguǎ)
* 孤寡不穀／孤寡不谷
* 孤寡鰥獨／孤寡鳏独
* 孤立寡與／孤立寡与
* 孤辰寡宿
* 孤陋寡聞／孤陋寡闻 (gūlòuguǎwén)
* 孤雌寡鶴／孤雌寡鹤
* 孤鴻寡鵠／孤鸿寡鹄
* 孤鸞寡鶴／孤鸾寡鹤
* 守寡 (shǒuguǎ)
* 守活寡 (shǒuhuóguǎ)
* 寡不勝眾／寡不胜众
* 寡不敵眾／寡不敌众 (guǎbùdízhòng)
* 寡乏
* 寡事
* 寡二少雙／寡二少双
* 寡交
* 寡人 (guǎrén)
* 寡仇
* 寡佬
* 寡信 (guǎxìn)
* 寡便宜
* 寡偶
* 寡儔／寡俦
* 寡兄
* 寡刻
* 寡剌
* 寡力
* 寡功
* 寡劣
* 寡助 (guǎzhù)
* 寡占 (guǎzhàn)
* 寡合
* 寡君 (guǎjūn)
* 寡味
* 寡命
* 寡和
* 寡嗛
* 寡大夫
* 寡夫 (guǎfū)
* 寡女
* 寡姊
* 寡妻 (guǎqī)
* 寡婦／寡妇
* 寡婦笱／寡妇笱
* 寡婦臉子／寡妇脸子
* 寡婦莎／寡妇莎
* 寡嫂
* 寡嫠 (guǎlí)
* 寡嬸／寡婶
* 寡孀
* 寡孤
* 寡學／寡学
* 寡宿孤辰
* 寡將／寡将
* 寡小君
* 寡少
* 寡尤
* 寡居
* 寡廉鮮恥／寡廉鲜耻 (guǎliánxiǎnchǐ)
* 寡弱
* 寡彈／寡弹
* 寡徒
* 寡德
* 寡怨
* 寡恩 (guǎ'ēn)
* 寡恩少義／寡恩少义
* 寡悔
* 寡情
* 寡情少義／寡情少义
* 寡情薄意
* 寡愛／寡爱
* 寡態／寡态
* 寡慮／寡虑
* 寡慾／寡欲 (guǎyù)
* 寡拉
* 寡拉主兒／寡拉主儿
* 寡斷／寡断
* 寡方
* 寡昧
* 寡智
* 寡欲 (guǎyù)
* 寡歡／寡欢 (guǎhuān)
* 寡母
* 寡民 (guǎmín)
* 寡氣／寡气
* 寡淺／寡浅
* 寡淡 (guǎdàn)
* 寡漢／寡汉
* 寡為／寡为
* 寡營／寡营
* 寡特
* 寡狀／寡状
* 寡狹／寡狭
* 寡獨／寡独
* 寡瘦
* 寡白
* 寡知
* 寡立
* 寡糖 (guǎtáng)
* 寡約／寡约
* 寡老
* 寡耦
* 寡聞／寡闻
* 寡聞少見／寡闻少见
* 寡能
* 寡臣
* 寡與／寡与
* 寡色
* 寡草
* 寡萌
* 寡薄
* 寡處／寡处
* 寡虞
* 寡蛋
* 寡見／寡见
* 寡見少聞／寡见少闻
* 寡見鮮聞／寡见鲜闻
* 寡言 (guǎyán)
* 寡訥／寡讷
* 寡誠／寡诚
* 寡謀／寡谋
* 寡識／寡识
* 寡讎／寡雠
* 寡貌
* 寡辣
* 寡過／寡过
* 寡酒
* 寡醋
* 寡闇／寡暗
* 寡陋
* 寡雙／寡双
* 寡青
* 寡頭／寡头 (guǎtóu)
* 寡頭政治／寡头政治 (guǎtóu zhèngzhì)
* 寡髮／寡发
* 寡鮮／寡鲜
* 寡鵠／寡鹄
* 寡鵠孤鸞／寡鹄孤鸾
* 寡鶴／寡鹤
* 寡黃／寡黄
* 寡默
* 寡黨／寡党
* 小國寡民／小国寡民 (xiǎoguóguǎmín)
* 小寡
* 少私寡慾／少私寡欲
* 少言寡語／少言寡语 (shǎoyánguǎyǔ)
* 屁雌寡淡
* 居寡
* 巴寡婦清／巴寡妇清
* 希寡
* 弱寡
* 形孤影寡
* 彼眾我寡／彼众我寡 (bǐzhòngwǒguǎ)
* 恤孤念寡
* 恬淡寡欲
* 惜孤念寡
* 惸寡
* 惸獨鰥寡／惸独鳏寡
* 憐孤惜寡／怜孤惜寡
* 抑鬱寡歡／抑郁寡欢
* 指寡
* 振窮恤寡／振穷恤寡
* 撫孤恤寡／抚孤恤寡
* 擔孤受寡／担孤受寡
* 敦默寡言
* 敵眾我寡／敌众我寡 (dízhòngwǒguǎ)
* 文君新寡
* 文君早寡
* 新寡
* 早寡
* 曲高和寡 (qǔgāohèguǎ)
* 望門寡／望门寡
* 果寡糖
* 柔懦寡斷／柔懦寡断
* 柔茹寡斷／柔茹寡断
* 款學寡聞／款学寡闻
* 款啟寡聞／款启寡闻
* 沉厚寡言
* 沈密寡言
* 沉重寡言
* 沈靜寡言
* 沉默寡言 (chénmòguǎyán)
* 沈默寡言 (chénmòguǎyán)
* 活守寡
* 活寡
* 清心寡慾／清心寡欲 (qīngxīnguǎyù)
* 清湯寡水／清汤寡水 (qīngtāngguǎshuǐ)
* 淺見寡聞／浅见寡闻
* 淺見寡識／浅见寡识
* 清貧寡欲／清贫寡欲
* 清靜寡欲／清静寡欲
* 澹泊寡欲
* 犯寡
* 獨學寡聞／独学寡闻
* 生眾食寡／生众食寡
* 瘦寡
* 省愆寡過／省愆寡过
* 眾寡／众寡
* 眾寡不敵／众寡不敌
* 眾寡勢殊／众寡势殊
* 眾寡懸殊／众寡悬殊
* 眾寡懸絕／众寡悬绝
* 眾寡莫敵／众寡莫敌
* 眾寡難敵／众寡难敌
* 矜寡 (guānguǎ)
* 矜寡孤獨／矜寡孤独
* 碌碌寡合
* 稀湯寡水／稀汤寡水
* 稱孤道寡／称孤道寡 (chēnggūdàoguǎ)
* 窮寡／穷寡
* 簡寡／简寡
* 糧寡兵微／粮寡兵微
* 索然寡味 (suǒránguǎwèi)
* 罕言寡語／罕言寡语
* 老寡
* 耍寡嘴
* 臉黃皮寡／脸黄皮寡
* 菲才寡學／菲才寡学
* 落寞寡歡／落寞寡欢
* 落落寡合
* 落落寡歡／落落寡欢
* 蚤寡
* 衆寡懸絶／众寡悬绝
* 裒多增寡
* 裒多益寡
* 說寡嘴／说寡嘴
* 論高寡合／论高寡合
* 諷多要寡／讽多要寡
* 財政寡頭／财政寡头 (cáizhèng guǎtóu)
* 貧寡／贫寡
* 足謀寡斷／足谋寡断
* 輕言寡信／轻言寡信
* 輕諾寡信／轻诺寡信
* 道寡稱孤／道寡称孤
* 闖寡門／闯寡门
* 陵弱暴寡
* 鬱鬱寡歡／郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
* 鮮廉寡恥／鲜廉寡耻
* 鰥寡／鳏寡 (guānguǎ)
* 鰥寡孤惸／鳏寡孤惸
* 鰥寡孤獨／鳏寡孤独 (guānguǎgūdú)
* 鰥寡惸獨／鳏寡惸独
* 鸞孤鳳寡／鸾孤凤寡
* 黃皮寡瘦／黄皮寡瘦
* 黑寡婦／黑寡妇

### Further reading

* “Entry #10471”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)}
* few, scant
* to decrease
* lonely
* widow, widower
* lowly (humble; of low virtue)

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
* Kun: やもめ (yamome, 寡)、すくない (sukunai, 寡ない)

#### Compounds

* (widow, alone): 寡夫(かふ) (kafu), 寡婦(かふ) (kafu), 鰥寡孤独(かんかこどく) (kankakodoku)
* (few, minority): 寡占(かせん) (kasen), 寡頭政治(かとうせいじ) (katōseiji), 寡聞(かぶん) (kabun), 寡兵(かへい) (kahei), 寡黙(かもく) (kamoku), 衆寡(しゅうか) (shūka)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 寡
* か Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 寡 (MC kwaeX).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) か [káꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ka̠]

#### Noun

寡(か) • (ka)
* minority
    寡(か)を以(も)って衆(しゅう)を制(せい)する
       ka o motte shū o seisuru
       Majority can be conquered by minority.

##### Antonyms

* 衆(しゅう) (shū, “majority”)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 寡
* やもめ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 寡 – see the following entry. :
| 【やもめ】 | [noun] 寡, 寡婦, 孀: widow Alternative spellings 寡婦, 孀 |
(This term, 寡, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

寡 (eumhun 적을 과 (jeogeul gwa))
* hanja form of 과 (“widowed, alone”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

寡: Hán Nôm readings: quả, góa/goá
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.