# 蕹菜
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wèngcài, yōngcài
       (Zhuyin): ㄨㄥˋ ㄘㄞˋ, ㄩㄥ ㄘㄞˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ong$^4$ cai$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ung$^3$ coi$^3$ / ong$^3$ coi$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): uung$^1$ toi$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ng$^4$ cai
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): vung-chhoi / fung-chhoi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): vung$^4$ coi$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): óng-chái
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): èng-chhài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): êng$^3$ cai$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$on-tshe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ngong$^4$ cai$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèngcài
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄥˋ ㄘㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wòngcài
*** Wade–Giles: wêng$^4$-tsʻai$^4$
*** Yale: wèng-tsài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wenqtsay
*** Palladius: вэнцай (vɛncaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /wəŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yōngcài
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄥ ㄘㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yongcài
*** Wade–Giles: yung$^1$-tsʻai$^4$
*** Yale: yūng-tsài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iongtsay
*** Palladius: юнцай (juncaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ong$^4$ cai$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: wengcai
*** Sinological IPA : /oŋ²¹³ t͡sʰai²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ung$^3$ coi$^3$ / ong$^3$ coi$^3$
*** Yale: ung choi / ong choi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ung$^3$ tsoi$^3$ / ong$^3$ tsoi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ung$^3$ coi$^3$ / ong$^3$ coi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ʊŋ³³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/, /ɔːŋ³³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: uung$^1$ toi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɵŋ³³ tʰᵘɔi³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ng$^4$ cai
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋ̍³⁵ t͡sʰai²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vung-chhoi
*** Hakka Romanization System: vung coi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vung$^4$ coi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /vuŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vung-chhoi / fung-chhoi
*** Hakka Romanization System: vung coi / fung coi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vung$^4$ coi$^4$ / fung$^4$ coi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /vuŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/, /fuŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: vung$^4$ coi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʋʊŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰoɪ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: óng-chái
*** Sinological IPA : /uŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ $^{(t͡sʰ-)}$ʒɑi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Tong'an, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: èng-chhài
*** Tâi-lô: ìng-tshài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: eangzhaix
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai¹¹/
*** IPA (Singapore): /eŋ²¹⁻⁴² t͡sʰai²¹/
*** IPA (Tong'an): /iɪŋ¹¹²⁻⁴² t͡sʰai¹¹²/
*** IPA (Penang): /eŋ²¹⁻³³ t͡sʰai²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: êng$^3$ cai$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: èng tshài
*** Sinological IPA : /eŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$on-tshe
*** MiniDict: on$^平$ tshe
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$on-tshe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /oŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰe²¹/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ngong$^4$ cai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ŋʊŋ⁴⁵ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /ŋən⁴⁵ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/

### Noun

蕹菜
* water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蕹菜 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 蕹菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 空心菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 空心菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 空心菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 空心菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 空心菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 空心菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 空心菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 藤藤菜, 空茼菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 空心菜, 蕹菜, 藤藤菜 dated |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 空心菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 空心菜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 蕹菜, 通菜, 通心菜, 抽筋菜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 蕹菜, 通菜, 抽筋菜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 蕹菜 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 蕹菜 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 蕹菜 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 蕹菜 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 蕹菜 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 蕹菜 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 蕹菜 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蕹菜 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 蕹菜 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Changting | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 蕹菜 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 空心菜 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蕹菜 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 蕹菜 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 蕹菜 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 竹菜 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 蕹菜, kangkung |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蕹菜 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 蕹菜 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Wu | Danyang | 空心菜, 藤菜 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 空心菜 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 蕹菜 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 空心菜 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 藤菜, 空心菜 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 蕹菜, 藤菜, 空心菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Zhoutian) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Shitang) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Songwei, Guitou) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Changlai) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Beixiang) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Huangpu) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) | 空心菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Sanxi) | 藤菜 |

#### Descendants

* → Kavalan: ingsay

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 蕹 | 菜 |
| よう Hyōgai | さい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

蕹(よう)菜(さい) or 蕹菜(ヨウサイ) • (yōsai)
* water spinach, Ipomoea aquatica
    Synonyms: 空心菜 (kūshinsai), 朝顔菜 (asagaona)

#### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).