# 東道主
## Chinese
### Etymology

Attested in Zuo Zhuan (circa 4th century B.C.E.), in the entry for the 30th year of Duke Xi's reign (《左傳·僖公三十年》):
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Ruò shě Zhèng yǐwéi dōngdàozhǔ, xínglǐ zhī wǎnglái, gòng qí fákùn, jūn yì wú suǒ hài. [Pinyin]
    If you would spare Zheng as a host of the eastern roads, we are willing to provide hospitability and aid to your eastbound diplomatic missions. There could be no harm to you in this.
Uttered by Zhu Zhiwu (燭之武), a Zheng courtier, during his negotiation with the Count Mu of Qin (秦穆公) who was laying siege to the state of Zheng. Later used idiomatically as a generic term for a host.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dōngdàozhǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥ ㄉㄠˋ ㄓㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dung$^1$ dou$^6$ zyu$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tong-tǒ͘-chú / tong-tō-chú
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dōngdàozhǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄉㄠˋ ㄓㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dongdàojhǔ
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^1$-tao$^4$-chu$^3$
*** Yale: dūng-dàu-jǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongdawjuu
*** Palladius: дундаочжу (dundaočžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dung$^1$ dou$^6$ zyu$^2$
*** Yale: dūng douh jyú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dung$^1$ dou$^6$ dzy$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dung$^1$ dou$^6$ ju$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ tou̯²² t͡syː³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tong-tǒ͘-chú
*** Tâi-lô: tong-tǒo-tsú
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ³³ tɔ²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tong-tō-chú
*** Tâi-lô: tong-tō-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dongdoixzuo
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ to³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: tuwng dawX tsyuX
Rime :
| Character | 東 | 道 | 主 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 定 (7) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 豪 (89) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I | III |
| Fanqie | 德紅切 | 徒晧切 | 之庾切 |
| Baxter | tuwng | dawX | tsyuX |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tuŋ/ | /dɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tuŋ/ | /dɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tuŋ/ | /dɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕio$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /təwŋ/ | /daw$^X$/ | /cuə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /tuŋ/ | /dɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕio$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /tuŋ/ | /dɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tuŋ/ | /dʱɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕi̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dōng | dào | zhǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dung$^1$ | dou$^6$ | zyu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤoŋ [kə.l]ˤuʔ toʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*toːŋ l'uːʔ tjoʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 東 | 道 | 主 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dōng | dào | zhǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tuwng › | ‹ daw$^X$ › | ‹ tsyu$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁoŋ/ (< *tˁoŋʔ ?) | /*[kə.l]ˁuʔ/ | /*toʔ/ |
| English | east | way | master; host |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 東 | 道 | 主 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2435 | 11669 | 17618 |
| Phonetic component | 東 | 首 | 主 |
| Rime group | 東 | 幽 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 東 | 道 | 主 |
| Old Chinese | /*toːŋ/ | /*l'uːʔ/ | /*tjoʔ/ |
| Notes | 種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽， 參敕字陳字注 | | |

### Noun

東道主
* host (person who receives or entertains other people as guests)
    From: c. 1890, 黃遵憲 (Huang Zunxian), 〈蘇彝士河〉 ("Suez Canal")
    wànguó zhēng tuī dōngdàozhǔ [Pinyin]
    Nations vie for the host's privilege.

#### Usage notes

Some dictionaries classify 東道主／东道主 (dōngdàozhǔ) as a chengyu, albeit a three-character one.

#### Synonyms

* 主人 (zhǔrén)
* 主人公 (zhǔréngōng) (literary, honorific)
* 主人翁 (zhǔrénwēng) (literary, honorific)
* 東人／东人 (dōngrén) (archaic)
* 東家／东家 (dōngjiā)
* 東道／东道 (dōngdào)
* 東道主人／东道主人 (dōngdào zhǔrén)