# 購入
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gòurù
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˋ ㄖㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kau$^3$ jap$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): káng-ji̍p
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gòurù
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˋ ㄖㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gòurù
*** Wade–Giles: kou$^4$-ju$^4$
*** Yale: gòu-rù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gowruh
*** Palladius: гоужу (goužu)
*** Sinological IPA : /koʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kau$^3$ jap$^6$
*** Yale: kau yahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kau$^3$ jap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: keo$^3$ yeb$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐu̯³³ jɐp̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káng-ji̍p
*** Tâi-lô: káng-ji̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafngjip
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zip̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ d͡zip̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zip̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zip̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zip̚⁴/

### Verb

購入
* to purchase

#### Synonyms

* 購買／购买 (gòumǎi)
* 買／买 (mǎi)
* 收購／收购 (shōugòu)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 購 | 入 |
| こう Grade: S | にゅう Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

/koːnipu/ → /koːniɸu/ → /koːniu/ → /koːnjuː/
From Middle Chinese compound 購入／购入 (kuw$^H$ nyip, literally “present, give + enter”). Compare modern Cantonese reading kau$^3$ jap$^6$.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーにゅう [kòónyúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞ːɲ̟ɨː]

### Noun

購(こう)入(にゅう) • (kōnyū)
* a purchase, the act of buying something

### Verb

購(こう)入(にゅう)する • (kōnyū suru) suru (stem 購(こう)入(にゅう)し (kōnyū shi), past 購(こう)入(にゅう)した (kōnyū shita))
* to purchase

#### Usage notes

Just as with English purchase compared to buy, the Chinese-derived 購入する (kōnyū suru) is more formal than the native Japanese term 買う (​kau). This is an example of the usual formality difference between kango terms versus native Japanese terms (大和言葉 (Yamato kotoba)).

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 購入し | こうにゅうし | kōnyū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 購入し | こうにゅうし | kōnyū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 購入する | こうにゅうする | kōnyū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 購入する | こうにゅうする | kōnyū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 購入すれ | こうにゅうすれ | kōnyū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 購入せよ¹ 購入しろ² | こうにゅうせよ¹ こうにゅうしろ² | kōnyū seyo¹ kōnyū shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 購入される | こうにゅうされる | kōnyū sareru |
| Causative | 購入させる 購入さす | こうにゅうさせる こうにゅうさす | kōnyū saseru kōnyū sasu |
| Potential | 購入できる | こうにゅうできる | kōnyū dekiru |
| Volitional | 購入しよう | こうにゅうしよう | kōnyū shiyō |
| Negative | 購入しない | こうにゅうしない | kōnyū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 購入せず | こうにゅうせず | kōnyū sezu |
| Formal | 購入します | こうにゅうします | kōnyū shimasu |
| Perfective | 購入した | こうにゅうした | kōnyū shita |
| Conjunctive | 購入して | こうにゅうして | kōnyū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 購入すれば | こうにゅうすれば | kōnyū sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* 買(か)う (kau)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 購 | 入 |

### Noun

購入 • (gu'ip) (hangeul 구입)
* hanja form of 구입 (“purchase”)