# esser
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [əˈsɛ]
* IPA: (Balearic) [əˈsə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [eˈseɾ]

### Verb

esser (first-person singular present esso, first-person singular preterite essí, past participle essut); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/
* (regional) Alternative form of ésser

## Interlingua
### Etymology

From Latin sum (French être, Italian essere, Portuguese ser, and Spanish ser).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /esˈser/

### Verb

esser
* to be
** 2012, Panorama in Interlingua, September-October, p. 24:
    Le anno passate 46 milliones statouniteses esseva povre.Last year 46 million U.S. Americans were poor.

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | esser | esser |
| participle | participle | present | perfect |
| participle | participle | essente | essite |
| active | | simple | perfect |
| active | present | esse, es | ha essite |
| active | past | esseva, era | habeva essite |
| active | future | essera, sera | habera essite |
| active | conditional | esserea, serea | haberea essite |
| active | imperative | esse, sia | |
* This conjugation also has present plural son, which normally does not exists in other verbs. First-person singular so and first-person plural somos also exists but rarely used.

### Noun

esser (plural esseres)
* being

## Italian
### Verb

esser (apocopated)
* Apocopic form of essere

### Anagrams

* Serse, resse

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

esser n
* (non-standard since 1984) indefinite plural of ess

## Old French
### Verb

esser
* (Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of eiser

### References

eiser in Anglo-Norman Dictionary, Aberystwyth University, 2022

## Old Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin sum.

### Verb

esser
* to be
** La Nobla Leyçon, line 352
    Que crestian devon esser
       That we must be Christian

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | esser | esser | esser | esser | esser |
| present participle | present participle | present participle | essen | essen | essen | essen | essen |
| past participle | past participle | past participle | estat | estat | estat | estat | estat |
| person | person | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| person | person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| indicative | | ieu | tu | el/ela | nos | vos | il/elas |
| indicative | present | soi | est | es | em esmes | etz es | son sunt |
| indicative | imperfect | era | eras | era | eram | eratz | eran eron |
| indicative | future | serai | seras | sera | serem | seretz | seran |
| indicative | preterite | fui | fust | fon | fom | fotz | foron |
| indicative | first conditional | seria | serias | seria | seriam | seriatz | serian |
| indicative | second conditional | fora | foras | fora | foram | foratz | foran |
| subjunctive | | ieu | tu | el/ela | nos | vos | il/elas |
| subjunctive | present | sia | sias | sia | siam | siatz | sian sion |
| subjunctive | past | fos | fosses | fos | fossem | fossetz | fosson |
| imperative | imperative | — | tu | — | nos | vos | — |
| imperative | imperative | — | sia | — | siam | siatz | — |

#### Descendants

* Occitan: èsser

## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* easser (Sutsilvan)

### Etymology

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

### Verb

esser
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) to be

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | esser | esser | esser | esser |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | essend | essend | essend | essend |
| past participle | past participle | past participle | stau | stau | stau | stau |
| | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| indicative | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
| present | sun | eis | ei | essan | essas | ein |
| imperfect | erel, fuvel | eras, fuvas | era, fuva | eran, fuvan | eras, fuvas | eran, fuvan |
| future | vegnel a esser | vegns a esser | vegn a esser | vegnin a esser | vegnis a esser | vegnan a esser |
| conditional | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
| direct present | fuss | fusses | fuss | fussen | fusses | fussen |
| indirect present | fussi | fussies | fussi | fussien | fussies | fussien |
| direct future | vegness a esser | vegnesses a esser | vegness a esser | vegnessen a esser | vegnesses a esser | vegnessen a esser |
| indirect future | vegnessi a esser | vegnessies a esser | vegnessi a esser | vegnessien a esser | vegnessies a esser | vegnessien a esser |
| subjunctive | che jeu | che ti | ch'el/ch'ella | che nus | che vus | ch'els/ch'ellas |
| present | seigi | seigies | seigi | seigien | seigies | seigien |
| past | eri, fuvi | eries, fuvies | eri, fuvi | erien, fuvien | eries, fuvies | erien, fuvien |
| future | vegni a esser | vegnies a esser | vegni a esser | vegnîen a esser | vegnîes a esser | vegnien a esser |
| imperative | — | ti | — | — | vus | — |
| imperative | | seigies | | | seigies | |
| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | esser | esser | esser | esser |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | essend, siond | essend, siond | essend, siond | essend, siond |
| past participle | past participle | past participle | stà | stà | stà | stà |
| | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| indicative | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
| present | sun | es | è | essan | essas | èn |
| imperfect | era | eras | era | eran | eras | eran |
| future | vegnel a esser | vegns a esser | vegn a esser | vegnin a esser | vegnis a esser | vegnan a esser |
| conditional | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
| present | fiss | fisses | fiss | fissen | fisses | fissen |
| future | vegness a esser | vegnesses a esser | vegness a esser | vegnessen a esser | vegnesses a esser | vegnessen a esser |
| subjunctive | che jeu | che ti | ch'el/ch'ella | che nus | che vus | ch'els/ch'ellas |
| present | saja | sajas | saja | sajan | sajas | sajan |
| future | vegni a esser | vegnies a esser | vegni a esser | vegnîen a esser | vegnîes a esser | vegnien a esser |
| imperative | — | ti | — | — | vus | — |
| imperative | | sajas | | | sajas | |