# 空心菜
## Chinese

* 空心菜

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): kōngxīncài
       (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄘㄞˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kong$^1$ xin$^1$ cai$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^1$ sam$^1$ coi$^3$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): kung$^1$ xim$^1$ coi$^4$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): kong$^1$ sin$^1$ cai$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kōngxīncài
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄘㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kongsincài
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^1$-hsin$^1$-tsʻai$^4$
*** Yale: kūng-syīn-tsài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kongshintsay
*** Palladius: кунсиньцай (kunsinʹcaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kōngxīnrcài
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄣㄦ ㄘㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kongsinrcài
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^1$-hsin$^1$-ʼrh-tsʻai$^4$
*** Yale: kūng-syīnr-tsài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kongshieltsay
*** Palladius: кунсиньрцай (kunsinʹrcaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕiə̯ɻ⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: kong$^1$ xin$^1$ cai$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kungxincai
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰoŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sʰai²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^1$ sam$^1$ coi$^3$
*** Yale: hūng sām choi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^1$ sam$^1$ tsoi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^1$ sem$^1$ coi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kung$^1$ xim$^1$ coi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰʊŋ⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰoɪ⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: kong$^1$ sin$^1$ cai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰʊŋ³³ sin³³ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /kʰən³³ ɕin³³ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/

### Noun

空心菜
* (colloquial) water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蕹菜 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 蕹菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 空心菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 空心菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 空心菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 空心菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 空心菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 空心菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 空心菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 藤藤菜, 空茼菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 空心菜, 蕹菜, 藤藤菜 dated |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 空心菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 空心菜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 蕹菜, 通菜, 通心菜, 抽筋菜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 蕹菜, 通菜, 抽筋菜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 蕹菜 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 蕹菜 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 蕹菜 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 蕹菜 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 蕹菜 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 蕹菜 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 蕹菜 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蕹菜 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 蕹菜 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Changting | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 蕹菜 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 蕹菜 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 空心菜 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蕹菜 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 蕹菜 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 蕹菜 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 竹菜 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 蕹菜, kangkung |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 蕹菜 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蕹菜 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 蕹菜 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Wu | Danyang | 空心菜, 藤菜 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 空心菜 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 蕹菜 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 空心菜 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 藤菜, 空心菜 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 蕹菜, 空心菜 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 蕹菜, 藤菜, 空心菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Zhoutian) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Shitang) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Renhua (Songwei, Guitou) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Changlai) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Beixiang) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Huangpu) | 蕹菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) | 空心菜 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Sanxi) | 藤菜 |

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 空 | 心 | 菜 |

### Noun

空心菜 • (gongsimchae) (hangeul 공심채)
* hanja form of 공심채 [water spinach]