# 謳歌
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ōugē
    (Zhuyin): ㄡ ㄍㄜ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): au$^1$ go$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): o͘-ko / io-ko͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ōugē
*** Zhuyin: ㄡ ㄍㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ouge
*** Wade–Giles: ou$^1$-ko$^1$
*** Yale: ōu-gē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ouge
*** Palladius: оугэ (ougɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: au$^1$ go$^1$
*** Yale: āu gō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: au$^1$ go$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: eo$^1$ go$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɐu̯⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o͘-ko
*** Tâi-lô: oo-ko
*** Phofsit Daibuun: o'koy
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: io-ko͘
*** Tâi-lô: io-koo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ioi'kof
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /io³³ kɔ³³/
* Middle Chinese: 'uw ka
Rime :
| Character | 謳 | 歌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 烏侯切 | 古俄切 |
| Baxter | 'uw | ka |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔəu/ | /kɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔəu/ | /kɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔəu/ | /kɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔəw/ | /ka/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔu/ | /kɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /əu/ | /kɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔə̯u/ | /kɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ōu | gē |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | au$^1$ | go$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qoː kaːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 歌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gē |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ka › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁaj/ |
| English | sing, song |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 謳 | 歌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 10582 | 7438 |
| Phonetic component | 區 | 可 |
| Rime group | 侯 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 謳 | 歌 |
| Old Chinese | /*qoː/ | /*kaːl/ |

### Verb

謳歌
* (literary) to sing
* (literary) to eulogize; to extol
    From: 1960, 劉福羣 (William C. Newbern) and 何統雄 (Richard Ho) (translators), 我歌頌祢 (I Sing of Thee), in 青年聖歌綜合本（一） (Youth Hymns, volume 1)
    Wǒ gēsòng Nǐ, zūnguì de Jiùzhǔ, yòng wǒ kǒushé xiàng Nǐ ōugē [Pinyin]
    I sing of Thee, O blessed Saviour, Thy praise shall now my tongue employ
    From: 2015, 陳明恩 (Corinna Chamberlain) (lyricist 西伯), 誰被祢揀選
    kau$^4$ joeng$^6$ ngo$^5$ him$^1$ bei$^1$ dak$^1$ jyu$^1$ zi$^3$ sing$^3$ so$^2$, au$^1$ go$^1$ jyu$^5$ zung$^6$ zaan$^3$! [Jyutping]
    I pray that I may be humble so that I may be in the Holy of Holies to sing praises!

#### Synonyms

* (sing): 歌唱 (gēchàng)
* (eulogize): 歌唱 (gēchàng), 歌頌／歌颂 (gēsòng)

### Noun

謳歌
* (literary) paeon of praise; glorification

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 謳(おう)歌(か) (ōka)
* → Korean: 구가(謳歌) (guga)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 謳 | 歌 |
| おう Hyōgai | か Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 𧦅歌 (nonstandard)

### Noun

謳(おう)歌(か) • (ōka)
* glorification

### Verb

謳(おう)歌(か)する • (ōka suru) transitive suru (stem 謳(おう)歌(か)し (ōka shi), past 謳(おう)歌(か)した (ōka shita))
* to sing the praises of
** 1923, 国枝史郎, 沙漠の古都:
    自分(じぶん)は心(こころ)から謳歌(おうか)する。
       Jibun wa kokoro kara ōka suru.
       I laud it from the bottom of my heart.
** 1934, 岸田國士, 日本の新劇:
    私(わたし)は、徒(いたず)らに、現在(げんざい)の新劇(しんげき)を謳歌(おうか)するつもりはありません。
       Watashi wa, itazura ni, genzai no shingeki o ōka suru tsumori wa arimasen.
       It is not my intention to idly sing the praises of the new type of drama.
* to enjoy; to celebrate

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 謳歌し | おうかし | ōka shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 謳歌し | おうかし | ōka shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 謳歌する | おうかする | ōka suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 謳歌する | おうかする | ōka suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 謳歌すれ | おうかすれ | ōka sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 謳歌せよ¹ 謳歌しろ² | おうかせよ¹ おうかしろ² | ōka seyo¹ ōka shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 謳歌される | おうかされる | ōka sareru |
| Causative | 謳歌させる 謳歌さす | おうかさせる おうかさす | ōka saseru ōka sasu |
| Potential | 謳歌できる | おうかできる | ōka dekiru |
| Volitional | 謳歌しよう | おうかしよう | ōka shiyō |
| Negative | 謳歌しない | おうかしない | ōka shinai |
| Negative continuative | 謳歌せず | おうかせず | ōka sezu |
| Formal | 謳歌します | おうかします | ōka shimasu |
| Perfective | 謳歌した | おうかした | ōka shita |
| Conjunctive | 謳歌して | おうかして | ōka shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 謳歌すれば | おうかすれば | ōka sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||