# 新山
## Chinese

* 新山

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Xīnshān
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ ㄕㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): san$^1$ saan$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Sin-soaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sing$^1$ suan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Xīnshān
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄕㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Sinshan
*** Wade–Giles: Hsin$^1$-shan$^1$
*** Yale: Syīn-shān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shinshan
*** Palladius: Синьшань (Sinʹšanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^1$ saan$^1$
*** Yale: sān sāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^1$ saan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^1$ san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-soaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Sin-suann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sinsvoaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³ suã³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sing$^1$ suan$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sing suaⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ³³⁻²³ sũã³³/

#### Proper noun

新山
* (～市) Johor Bahru (a city in Malaysia)

##### See also

* 柔佛 (Róufó)

### Etymology 2

The Manila Chinese Cemetery in the city of Manila used to have an older cemetery, which in 1878, Gobernadorcillo Mariano Fernando Yu Chingco “bought a tract adjacent to the previous cemetery from the Provincial of the Dominican Order” at a cost of 14,000 pesos. This lot with its improvement was commonly known as the Chinese cemetery and hospital on the “Sin Sien Sua” 新仙山 or the “new cemetery”. Hence, the earlier plot of land in the cemetery became the “old cemetery” or “Ku Sien Sua 舊仙山”. The Chinese gremio kept its own records. An item from 1898 shows that the list kept by the gremio contains the name of the deceased, date of death (both in Chinese and Western calendar), whether they were buried in the old (舊義山) or the new cemetery (新義山), where the burial plot is located; and place of birth (including some that indicate “unknown” or buzhi 不知. The records calling the Manila Chinese Cemetery as "新仙山 (Sin Sian-soaⁿ, “New Cemetery”)" and "新義山／新义山 (Sin Gī-san, “New (Chinese) Cemetery”)" became a contraction resulting in this genericized word encompassing both terms for convenience.

#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sin-soaⁿ
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin-soaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: sin-suann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sinsvoaf
*** IPA (Philippines): /sin³³ suã³³/

#### Noun

新山
* (Philippine Hokkien) cemetery; graveyard

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 墳地, 墳場, 墓地, 墳塋, 墓塋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 墳地 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 墓地, 墳場 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 墳塋地 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 墳地 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 墳塋地 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 墳地, 墳塋地 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 墳地, 墳塋地 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 墳地, 墳圈子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 墳地, 墳塋地, 墳圈子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 墳塋地 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 墳塋地 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 墳塋地 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 墳地, 墳塋地 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 墳地, 墳塋地, 陰宅 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 墳場 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 墳地 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 墳地, 墳塋地 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 墳地 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 墳地 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 墳地 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 墳地, 塋地 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 墳地, 林地 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 墳塋地, 塋盤 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 墳地, 墳塋地, 墳圈子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 塋地 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 塋地 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 墳地, 塋地 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 林地, 塋地 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 墳, 墳地, 塋地 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 墳地 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 林地, 塋地 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 墳地 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 墳 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 墳地 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 墳地 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 墳地 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 墳地 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 墳地 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 墳地, 墳塋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 墳地 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 墳地, 墳院 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 墳地, 墳灘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 墳地, 林地, 老林, 林, 陰宅 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 墳地, 塋地 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 墳地 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 墳地, 墳塋, 墳灘 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 墳院 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 塋地 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 墳地, 墳院 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 墳地, 陰地 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 墳地 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 墳地 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 墳山 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 墳地 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 墳垻兒, 墳山 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 墳山包包, 墳坡坡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 墳地, 墳場子, 墳場 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 墳地 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 墳地 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 墳地 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 墳地, 墳山, 陰地 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 墳 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 墳地, 墳山 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 亂葬祖 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 墳院地, 墳山 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 墳地 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 墳地 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 墳山 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 墳地 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 墳地 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 墳地 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 祖山 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 墳地, 墳院 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 墳地, 墳山 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 墳地, 墳灘 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 塋院地 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 墳地, 亂坑 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 墳地 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 墳地 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 墳地 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 墳地 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 墳山 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 墳山 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 墳場, 墓園 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 墳地 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 墳山 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 地 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 地 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 地, 風水 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 墓地, 塚埔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 墓地, 塚埔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 墓地, 塚埔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 墓地, 塚埔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 墓地, 塚埔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 埔地, 塚埔 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 墳地 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 墳地, 墓地 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 墳地, 墳塋 |
| Jin | Datong | 墳地 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 墳地, 墳兒, 墳盤子 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 墳地 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 墳地 |
| Jin | Linhe | 墳地 |
| Jin | Jining | 墳地 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 墳地 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 墳地 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 墳地 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 墳地 |
| Jin | Handan | 墳地, 塋地 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 墳地, 塋地 |
| Jin | Suide | 墳地 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 墓地 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 墓地, 塚地, 塚仔地, 塚仔埔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 塚地, 塚仔地, 塚仔埔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 風水, 塚仔埔, 墓, 墓仔埔 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 風水, 墓 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 風水, 塚仔埔, 墓, 墓仔埔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 風水, 塚仔埔, 墓, 墓仔埔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 崙仔頂, 塚仔埔, 墓 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 墓仔埔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 風水, 塚仔埔, 墓, 墓仔埔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 墓仔埔 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 風水 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 風水 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 新山, 義山 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 墳山 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 墓地 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 墳地 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 墳地 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 墳地 |
| Wu | Danyang | 墳山 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 墳地 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 墳地, 墳山 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 墳地 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 墳地, 墳山 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 墳山 |

### References

* ↑ Chu, Richard T., Ang See, Teresita (2016) “Toward a History of Chinese Burial Grounds in Manila during the Spanish Colonial Period”, in Archipel: Chinese Deathscapes in Insulindia‎, volume 92, →DOI, pages 63-90