# 失火
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shīhuǒ
    (Zhuyin): ㄕ ㄏㄨㄛˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sat$^1$ fo$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sit-hér / sit-hé / sit-hóe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shīhuǒ
*** Zhuyin: ㄕ ㄏㄨㄛˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shihhuǒ
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^1$-huo$^3$
*** Yale: shr̄-hwǒ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhuoo
*** Palladius: шихо (šixo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sat$^1$ fo$^2$
*** Yale: sāt fó
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sat$^7$ fo$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sed$^1$ fo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐt̚⁵ fɔː³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-hér
*** Tâi-lô: sit-hér
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ hə⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-hé
*** Tâi-lô: sit-hé
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sithea
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ he⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-hóe
*** Tâi-lô: sit-hué
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sithoea
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚³²⁻⁵ hue⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: syit xwaX
Rime :
| Character | 失 | 火 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 質 (48) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 式質切 | 呼果切 |
| Baxter | syit | xwaX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕiɪt̚/ | /huɑ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕit̚/ | /huɑ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕjet̚/ | /xuɑ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕit̚/ | /hwa$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiĕt̚/ | /xuɑ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭĕt̚/ | /xuɑ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɕi̯ĕt̚/ | /xuɑ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shi | huǒ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sat$^1$ | fo$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥i[t] [qʷʰ]ˤəjʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hliɡ qʰʷaːlʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 失 | 火 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shī | huǒ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syit › | ‹ xwa$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥i[t]/ | /*[qʷʰ]ˁəjʔ/ |
| English | lose | fire |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 失 | 火 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11426 | 5540 |
| Phonetic component | 失 | 火 |
| Rime group | 質 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 失 | 火 |
| Old Chinese | /*hliɡ/ | /*qʰʷaːlʔ/ |

### Verb

失火
* to catch fire
    From: Rites of Zhou, circa 3rd century BCE
    Fán guó shīhuǒ, yě fén lái, zé yǒu xíngfá yān. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Hénèi shīhuǒ, yánshāo qiān yú jiā. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (engineering) to misfire

#### Synonyms

* 發火／发火 (fāhuǒ)
* 著火／着火 (zháohuǒ)
* 起火
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 失火, 著火, 起火 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 失火, 著火 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 火燭, 老丙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 著火, 火燭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 著火 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 著火 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 著火 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 著火 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 著火 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 著火 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 著火燒, 火燒 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 著火燒, 火燒 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 著火燒, 火燒 |

#### Derived terms

* 亡猿失火
* 城門失火，殃及池魚／城门失火，殃及池鱼 (chéngmén shīhuǒ, yāngjí chíyú)
* 失火罪
* 昆侖失火，玉石俱焚／昆仑失火，玉石俱焚

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 失(しっ)火(か) (shikka)
* → Korean: 실화(失火) (silhwa)