# munca
## Romanian
### Noun

munca
* definite nominative/accusative singular of muncă

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-munca$^?$
* to suck

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-munca
* (intransitive) to suck
    Synonym: -ncela
* (transitive) to suck up, to absorb

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukumunca |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukumunca | ukungamunci |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | munca | -munce |
| Plural | muncani | -munceni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyamunca, ngimunca | engimuncayo, engimunca | ngimunca | angimunci | engingamunci | ngingamunci |
| 2nd singular | uyamunca, umunca | omuncayo, omunca | umunca | awumunci | ongamunci | ungamunci |
| 1st plural | siyamunca, simunca | esimuncayo, esimunca | simunca | asimunci | esingamunci | singamunci |
| 2nd plural | niyamunca, nimunca | enimuncayo, enimunca | nimunca | animunci | eningamunci | ningamunci |
| Class 1 | uyamunca, umunca | omuncayo, omunca | emunca | akamunci | ongamunci | engamunci |
| Class 2 | bayamunca, bamunca | abamuncayo, abamunca | bemunca | abamunci | abangamunci | bengamunci |
| Class 3 | uyamunca, umunca | omuncayo, omunca | umunca | awumunci | ongamunci | ungamunci |
| Class 4 | iyamunca, imunca | emuncayo, emunca | imunca | ayimunci | engamunci | ingamunci |
| Class 5 | liyamunca, limunca | elimuncayo, elimunca | limunca | alimunci | elingamunci | lingamunci |
| Class 6 | ayamunca, amunca | amuncayo, amunca | emunca | awamunci | angamunci | engamunci |
| Class 7 | siyamunca, simunca | esimuncayo, esimunca | simunca | asimunci | esingamunci | singamunci |
| Class 8 | ziyamunca, zimunca | ezimuncayo, ezimunca | zimunca | azimunci | ezingamunci | zingamunci |
| Class 9 | iyamunca, imunca | emuncayo, emunca | imunca | ayimunci | engamunci | ingamunci |
| Class 10 | ziyamunca, zimunca | ezimuncayo, ezimunca | zimunca | azimunci | ezingamunci | zingamunci |
| Class 11 | luyamunca, lumunca | olumuncayo, olumunca | lumunca | alumunci | olungamunci | lungamunci |
| Class 14 | buyamunca, bumunca | obumuncayo, obumunca | bumunca | abumunci | obungamunci | bungamunci |
| Class 15 | kuyamunca, kumunca | okumuncayo, okumunca | kumunca | akumunci | okungamunci | kungamunci |
| Class 17 | kuyamunca, kumunca | okumuncayo, okumunca | kumunca | akumunci | okungamunci | kungamunci |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngimuncile, ngimuncē | engimuncile, engimuncē | ngimuncile, ngimuncē | angimuncanga | engingamuncanga | ngingamuncanga |
| 2nd singular | umuncile, umuncē | omuncile, omuncē | umuncile, umuncē | awumuncanga | ongamuncanga | ungamuncanga |
| 1st plural | simuncile, simuncē | esimuncile, esimuncē | simuncile, simuncē | asimuncanga | esingamuncanga | singamuncanga |
| 2nd plural | nimuncile, nimuncē | enimuncile, enimuncē | nimuncile, nimuncē | animuncanga | eningamuncanga | ningamuncanga |
| Class 1 | umuncile, umuncē | omuncile, omuncē | emuncile, emuncē | akamuncanga | ongamuncanga | engamuncanga |
| Class 2 | bamuncile, bamuncē | abamuncile, abamuncē | bemuncile, bemuncē | abamuncanga | abangamuncanga | bengamuncanga |
| Class 3 | umuncile, umuncē | omuncile, omuncē | umuncile, umuncē | awumuncanga | ongamuncanga | ungamuncanga |
| Class 4 | imuncile, imuncē | emuncile, emuncē | imuncile, imuncē | ayimuncanga | engamuncanga | ingamuncanga |
| Class 5 | limuncile, limuncē | elimuncile, elimuncē | limuncile, limuncē | alimuncanga | elingamuncanga | lingamuncanga |
| Class 6 | amuncile, amuncē | amuncile, amuncē | emuncile, emuncē | awamuncanga | angamuncanga | engamuncanga |
| Class 7 | simuncile, simuncē | esimuncile, esimuncē | simuncile, simuncē | asimuncanga | esingamuncanga | singamuncanga |
| Class 8 | zimuncile, zimuncē | ezimuncile, ezimuncē | zimuncile, zimuncē | azimuncanga | ezingamuncanga | zingamuncanga |
| Class 9 | imuncile, imuncē | emuncile, emuncē | imuncile, imuncē | ayimuncanga | engamuncanga | ingamuncanga |
| Class 10 | zimuncile, zimuncē | ezimuncile, ezimuncē | zimuncile, zimuncē | azimuncanga | ezingamuncanga | zingamuncanga |
| Class 11 | lumuncile, lumuncē | olumuncile, olumuncē | lumuncile, lumuncē | alumuncanga | olungamuncanga | lungamuncanga |
| Class 14 | bumuncile, bumuncē | obumuncile, obumuncē | bumuncile, bumuncē | abumuncanga | obungamuncanga | bungamuncanga |
| Class 15 | kumuncile, kumuncē | okumuncile, okumuncē | kumuncile, kumuncē | akumuncanga | okungamuncanga | kungamuncanga |
| Class 17 | kumuncile, kumuncē | okumuncile, okumuncē | kumuncile, kumuncē | akumuncanga | okungamuncanga | kungamuncanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāmunca | engāmunca | ngāmunca | angimuncanga | engingamuncanga | ngingamuncanga |
| 2nd singular | wāmunca | owāmunca | wāmunca | awumuncanga | ongamuncanga | ungamuncanga |
| 1st plural | sāmunca | esāmunca | sāmunca | asimuncanga | esingamuncanga | singamuncanga |
| 2nd plural | nāmunca | enāmunca | nāmunca | animuncanga | eningamuncanga | ningamuncanga |
| Class 1 | wāmunca | owāmunca | āmunca | akamuncanga | ongamuncanga | engamuncanga |
| Class 2 | bāmunca | abāmunca | bāmunca | abamuncanga | abangamuncanga | bengamuncanga |
| Class 3 | wāmunca | owāmunca | wāmunca | awumuncanga | ongamuncanga | ungamuncanga |
| Class 4 | yāmunca | eyāmunca | yāmunca | ayimuncanga | engamuncanga | ingamuncanga |
| Class 5 | lāmunca | elāmunca | lāmunca | alimuncanga | elingamuncanga | lingamuncanga |
| Class 6 | āmunca | āmunca | āmunca | awamuncanga | angamuncanga | engamuncanga |
| Class 7 | sāmunca | esāmunca | sāmunca | asimuncanga | esingamuncanga | singamuncanga |
| Class 8 | zāmunca | ezāmunca | zāmunca | azimuncanga | ezingamuncanga | zingamuncanga |
| Class 9 | yāmunca | eyāmunca | yāmunca | ayimuncanga | engamuncanga | ingamuncanga |
| Class 10 | zāmunca | ezāmunca | zāmunca | azimuncanga | ezingamuncanga | zingamuncanga |
| Class 11 | lwāmunca | olwāmunca | lwāmunca | alumuncanga | olungamuncanga | lungamuncanga |
| Class 14 | bāmunca | obāmunca | bāmunca | abumuncanga | obungamuncanga | bungamuncanga |
| Class 15 | kwāmunca | okwāmunca | kwāmunca | akumuncanga | okungamuncanga | kungamuncanga |
| Class 17 | kwāmunca | okwāmunca | kwāmunca | akumuncanga | okungamuncanga | kungamuncanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingamunca | — | ngingamunca | ngingemunce | — | ngingemunce |
| 2nd singular | ungamunca | — | ungamunca | ungemunce | — | ungemunce |
| 1st plural | singamunca | — | singamunca | singemunce | — | singemunce |
| 2nd plural | ningamunca | — | ningamunca | ningemunce | — | ningemunce |
| Class 1 | angamunca | — | engamunca | angemunce | — | engemunce |
| Class 2 | bangamunca | — | bengamunca | bangemunce | — | bengemunce |
| Class 3 | ungamunca | — | ungamunca | ungemunce | — | ungemunce |
| Class 4 | ingamunca | — | ingamunca | ingemunce | — | ingemunce |
| Class 5 | lingamunca | — | lingamunca | lingemunce | — | lingemunce |
| Class 6 | angamunca | — | engamunca | angemunce | — | engemunce |
| Class 7 | singamunca | — | singamunca | singemunce | — | singemunce |
| Class 8 | zingamunca | — | zingamunca | zingemunce | — | zingemunce |
| Class 9 | ingamunca | — | ingamunca | ingemunce | — | ingemunce |
| Class 10 | zingamunca | — | zingamunca | zingemunce | — | zingemunce |
| Class 11 | lungamunca | — | lungamunca | lungemunce | — | lungemunce |
| Class 14 | bungamunca | — | bungamunca | bungemunce | — | bungemunce |
| Class 15 | kungamunca | — | kungamunca | kungemunce | — | kungemunce |
| Class 17 | kungamunca | — | kungamunca | kungemunce | — | kungemunce |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizomunca | engizomunca | ngizomunca | angizumunca | engingezumunca | ngingezumunca |
| 2nd singular | uzomunca | ozomunca | uzomunca | awuzumunca | ongezumunca | ungezumunca |
| 1st plural | sizomunca | esizomunca | sizomunca | asizumunca | esingezumunca | singezumunca |
| 2nd plural | nizomunca | enizomunca | nizomunca | anizumunca | eningezumunca | ningezumunca |
| Class 1 | uzomunca | ozomunca | ezomunca | akazumunca | ongezumunca | engezumunca |
| Class 2 | bazomunca | abazomunca | bezomunca | abazumunca | abangezumunca | bengezumunca |
| Class 3 | uzomunca | ozomunca | uzomunca | awuzumunca | ongezumunca | ungezumunca |
| Class 4 | izomunca | ezomunca | izomunca | ayizumunca | engezumunca | ingezumunca |
| Class 5 | lizomunca | elizomunca | lizomunca | alizumunca | elingezumunca | lingezumunca |
| Class 6 | azomunca | azomunca | ezomunca | awazumunca | angezumunca | engezumunca |
| Class 7 | sizomunca | esizomunca | sizomunca | asizumunca | esingezumunca | singezumunca |
| Class 8 | zizomunca | ezizomunca | zizomunca | azizumunca | ezingezumunca | zingezumunca |
| Class 9 | izomunca | ezomunca | izomunca | ayizumunca | engezumunca | ingezumunca |
| Class 10 | zizomunca | ezizomunca | zizomunca | azizumunca | ezingezumunca | zingezumunca |
| Class 11 | luzomunca | oluzomunca | luzomunca | aluzumunca | olungezumunca | lungezumunca |
| Class 14 | buzomunca | obuzomunca | buzomunca | abuzumunca | obungezumunca | bungezumunca |
| Class 15 | kuzomunca | okuzomunca | kuzomunca | akuzumunca | okungezumunca | kungezumunca |
| Class 17 | kuzomunca | okuzomunca | kuzomunca | akuzumunca | okungezumunca | kungezumunca |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyomunca | engiyomunca | ngiyomunca | angiyumunca | engingeyumunca | ngingeyumunca |
| 2nd singular | uyomunca | oyomunca | uyomunca | awuyumunca | ongeyumunca | ungeyumunca |
| 1st plural | siyomunca | esiyomunca | siyomunca | asiyumunca | esingeyumunca | singeyumunca |
| 2nd plural | niyomunca | eniyomunca | niyomunca | aniyumunca | eningeyumunca | ningeyumunca |
| Class 1 | uyomunca | oyomunca | eyomunca | akayumunca | ongeyumunca | engeyumunca |
| Class 2 | bayomunca | abayomunca | beyomunca | abayumunca | abangeyumunca | bengeyumunca |
| Class 3 | uyomunca | oyomunca | uyomunca | awuyumunca | ongeyumunca | ungeyumunca |
| Class 4 | iyomunca | eyomunca | iyomunca | ayiyumunca | engeyumunca | ingeyumunca |
| Class 5 | liyomunca | eliyomunca | liyomunca | aliyumunca | elingeyumunca | lingeyumunca |
| Class 6 | ayomunca | ayomunca | eyomunca | awayumunca | angeyumunca | engeyumunca |
| Class 7 | siyomunca | esiyomunca | siyomunca | asiyumunca | esingeyumunca | singeyumunca |
| Class 8 | ziyomunca | eziyomunca | ziyomunca | aziyumunca | ezingeyumunca | zingeyumunca |
| Class 9 | iyomunca | eyomunca | iyomunca | ayiyumunca | engeyumunca | ingeyumunca |
| Class 10 | ziyomunca | eziyomunca | ziyomunca | aziyumunca | ezingeyumunca | zingeyumunca |
| Class 11 | luyomunca | oluyomunca | luyomunca | aluyumunca | olungeyumunca | lungeyumunca |
| Class 14 | buyomunca | obuyomunca | buyomunca | abuyumunca | obungeyumunca | bungeyumunca |
| Class 15 | kuyomunca | okuyomunca | kuyomunca | akuyumunca | okungeyumunca | kungeyumunca |
| Class 17 | kuyomunca | okuyomunca | kuyomunca | akuyumunca | okungeyumunca | kungeyumunca |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngimunce | ngingamunci |
| 2nd singular | umunce | ungamunci |
| 1st plural | simunce | singamunci |
| 2nd plural | nimunce | ningamunci |
| Class 1 | amunce | angamunci |
| Class 2 | bamunce | bangamunci |
| Class 3 | umunce | ungamunci |
| Class 4 | imunce | ingamunci |
| Class 5 | limunce | lingamunci |
| Class 6 | amunce | angamunci |
| Class 7 | simunce | singamunci |
| Class 8 | zimunce | zingamunci |
| Class 9 | imunce | ingamunci |
| Class 10 | zimunce | zingamunci |
| Class 11 | lumunce | lungamunci |
| Class 14 | bumunce | bungamunci |
| Class 15 | kumunce | kungamunci |
| Class 17 | kumunce | kungamunci |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngamunca | ngangamunca, angamunca, angangamunca |
| 2nd singular | wamunca | wangamunca, awamunca, awangamunca |
| 1st plural | samunca | sangamunca, asamunca, asangamunca |
| 2nd plural | namunca | nangamunca, anamunca, anangamunca |
| Class 1 | wamunca | wangamunca, akamunca, akangamunca |
| Class 2 | bamunca | bangamunca, abamunca, abangamunca |
| Class 3 | wamunca | wangamunca, awamunca, awangamunca |
| Class 4 | yamunca | yangamunca, ayamunca, ayangamunca |
| Class 5 | lamunca | langamunca, alamunca, alangamunca |
| Class 6 | amunca | angamunca, awamunca, awangamunca |
| Class 7 | samunca | sangamunca, asamunca, asangamunca |
| Class 8 | zamunca | zangamunca, azamunca, azangamunca |
| Class 9 | yamunca | yangamunca, ayamunca, ayangamunca |
| Class 10 | zamunca | zangamunca, azamunca, azangamunca |
| Class 11 | lwamunca | lwangamunca, alwamunca, alwangamunca |
| Class 14 | bamunca | bangamunca, abamunca, abangamunca |
| Class 15 | kwamunca | kwangamunca, akwamunca, akwangamunca |
| Class 17 | kwamunca | kwangamunca, akwamunca, akwangamunca |

#### Alternative forms

* -munya

#### Derived terms

* umunca

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “munca”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “munca (6.3)”