# 偃

| 偃 | U+5043, &#20547; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5043 |
| ← 偂 [U+5042] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 偄 → [U+5044] |

## Translingual
### Han character

偃 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人尸日女 (OSAV), four-corner 2121$_4$, composition ⿰亻匽)

#### Derived characters

* 𠼸, 𩻖, 𪅬

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 109, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 830
* Dae Jaweon: page 233, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 187, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5043

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 偃 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Small seal scripts05871Transcribed ancient scriptsL34792L16398L16399L16400L16401L16402L16403 ||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||
| | Old Chinese |
| 堰 | *qrens, *qanʔ, *qans |
| 躽 | *qrens, *qeːnʔ |
| 宴 | *qeːnʔ, *qeːns |
| 蝘 | *qeːnʔ, *qanʔ |
| 偃 | *qanʔ |
| 郾 | *qanʔ, *qans |
| 鶠 | *qanʔ |
| 褗 | *qanʔ, *qans |
| 匽 | *qanʔ |
| 鼴 | *qanʔ |
| 鰋 | *qanʔ |
| 揠 | *qreːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qanʔ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 匽 (OC *qanʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǎn (yan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jin$^2$ / jim$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ián
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^3$
*** Yale: yǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^2$ / jim$^2$
*** Yale: yín / yím
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^2$ / jim$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^2$ / yim$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn³⁵/, /jiːm³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ián
*** Tâi-lô: ián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iern
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: 'jonX
Rime :
| Character | 偃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (65) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於幰切 |
| Baxter | 'jonX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨɐn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiɐn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiɐn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɨan$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiɐn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭɐn$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔɨ̯ɐn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔa[n]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qanʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 偃 | 偃 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǎn | yǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjon$^X$ › | ‹ ʔjon$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔa[n]ʔ/ | /*ʔa[n]ʔ/ |
| English | bend down | Yǎn (ancient state in Shāndōng) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 偃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14384 |
| Phonetic component | 妟 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 偃 |
| Old Chinese | /*qanʔ/ |

### Definitions

偃
* to fall on one's back; to lie down; to flop down
* to desist; to cease; to stop

#### Compounds

* 修文偃武
* 偃仆
* 偃仰
* 偃佒
* 側偃／侧偃
* 偃兵息甲
* 偃師／偃师 (Yǎnshī, “Yanshi”)
* 偃師縣／偃师县
* 偃旗息鼓 (yǎnqíxīgǔ)
* 偃旗臥鼓／偃旗卧鼓
* 偃月 (yǎnyuè)
* 偃松
* 偃武修文
* 偃武興文／偃武兴文
* 偃波書／偃波书
* 偃臥／偃卧
* 偃草
* 偃衍
* 偃蹇
* 偃蹇困窮／偃蹇困穷
* 偃鼠
* 偃鼠飲河／偃鼠饮河
* 前合後偃／前合后偃
* 徐偃王
* 息偃
* 文修武偃
* 文偃
* 日角偃月
* 武偃文修
* 狐偃
* 臥鼓偃旗／卧鼓偃旗
* 與世偃仰／与世偃仰
* 草偃 (cǎoyǎn)
* 草偃風從／草偃风从
* 草偃風行／草偃风行
* 言偃
* 起偃為豎／起偃为竖
* 韜戈偃武／韬戈偃武
* 風行草偃／风行草偃 (fēngxíngcǎoyǎn)
* 鼻偃齒露／鼻偃齿露

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* dam
* weir

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): えん (en)
* Kun: ふせる (fuseru)、やすむ (yasumu)

## Korean
### Hanja

偃 (eum 언 (eon))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

偃: Hán Nôm readings: ễnh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.