# ⲥⲱ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲥⲟⲩ (sou) — Akhmimic

### Etymology

From Demotic swr, from Egyptian sw(r)j, from earlier zwr.

### Verb

ⲥⲱ • (sō) (nominal state ⲥⲉ-, pronominal state ⲥⲟ⸗)
* (Sahidic, Bohairic, Fayyumic) to drink

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲥⲱ sō | imperative | affirmative | ⲥⲱ sō |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲱ štemsō | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲥⲱ m̀persō |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲥⲱ tisō | ⲕⲥⲱ ksō | ⲧⲉⲥⲱ tesō | ϥⲥⲱ fsō | ⲥⲥⲱ ssō | ⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ tensō | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ tetensō | ⲥⲉⲥⲱ sesō | ⲥⲱ sō |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲥⲱ eisō | ⲉⲕⲥⲱ eksō | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱ eresō | ⲉϥⲥⲱ efsō | ⲉⲥⲥⲱ essō | ⲉⲛⲥⲱ ensō | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ eretensō | ⲉⲩⲥⲱ eusō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ ere- sō |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲥⲱ etisō | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱ eteksō | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲱ etesō | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲥⲱ etefsō | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱ etessō | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etensō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etetensō | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ etousō | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ ete- sō |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲥⲱ naisō | ⲛⲁⲕⲥⲱ naksō | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ naresō | ⲛⲁϥⲥⲱ nafsō | ⲛⲁⲥⲥⲱ nassō | ⲛⲁⲛⲥⲱ nansō | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ naretensō | ⲛⲁⲩⲥⲱ nausō | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ nare- sō |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲥⲱ aisō | ⲁⲕⲥⲱ aksō | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ aresō | ⲁϥⲥⲱ afsō | ⲁⲥⲥⲱ assō | ⲁⲛⲥⲱ ansō | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ aretensō | ⲁⲩⲥⲱ ausō | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ are- sō |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲥⲱ tinasō | ⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱ khnasō | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲥⲱ terasō | ϥⲛⲁⲥⲱ fnasō | ⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱ snasō | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱ tennasō | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱ tetennasō | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱ senasō | ⲛⲁⲥⲱ nasō |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲥⲱ einasō | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱ ekhnasō | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱ erenasō | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲱ efnasō | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱ esnasō | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱ ennasō | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱ eretennasō | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱ eunasō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱ ere- nasō |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥⲱ etinasō | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱ etekhnasō | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱ etenasō | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲱ etefnasō | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱ etesnasō | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱ etennasō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱ etetennasō | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱ etounasō | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱ ete- nasō |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥⲱ nainasō | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱ nakhnasō | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱ narenasō | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲥⲱ nafnasō | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱ nasnasō | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱ nannasō | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱ naretennasō | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱ naunasō | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱ nare- nasō |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥⲱ ainasō | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱ akhnasō | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱ arenasō | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲥⲱ afnasō | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱ asnasō | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱ annasō | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱ aretennasō | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱ aunasō | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱ are- nasō |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲥⲱ aisō | ⲁⲕⲥⲱ aksō | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ aresō | ⲁϥⲥⲱ afsō | ⲁⲥⲥⲱ assō | ⲁⲛⲥⲱ ansō | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ atetensō | ⲁⲩⲥⲱ ausō | ⲁ- ⲥⲱ a- sō |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲱ m̀pisō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱ m̀peksō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱ m̀pesō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱ m̀pefsō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱ m̀pessō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱ m̀pensō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ m̀petensō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱ m̀pousō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱ m̀pe- sō |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲥⲱ eaisō | ⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱ eaksō | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ earesō | ⲉⲁϥⲥⲱ eafsō | ⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱ eassō | ⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱ eansō | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ eatetensō | ⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱ eausō | ⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱ ea- sō |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲱ em̀pisō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱ em̀peksō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱ em̀pesō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱ em̀pefsō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱ em̀pessō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱ em̀pensō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ em̀petensō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱ em̀pousō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱ em̀pe- sō |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥⲱ etaisō | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱ etaksō | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ etaresō | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲱ etafsō | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱ etassō | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱ etansō | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etaretensō | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱ etausō | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱ eta- sō |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲱ etm̀pisō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱ etm̀peksō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱ etm̀pesō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱ etm̀pefsō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱ etm̀pessō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱ etm̀pensō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etm̀petensō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱ etm̀pousō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱ etm̀pe- sō |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲥⲱ neaisō | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱ neaksō | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ nearesō | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥⲱ neafsō | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱ neassō | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱ neansō | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ neatetensō | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱ neausō | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱ nea- sō |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲱ nem̀pisō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱ nem̀peksō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱ nem̀pesō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱ nem̀pefsō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱ nem̀pessō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱ nem̀pensō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ nem̀petensō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱ nem̀pousō | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱ nem̀pe- sō |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥⲱ etaisō | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱ etaksō | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ etaresō | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲱ etafsō | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱ etassō | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱ etansō | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etaretensō | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱ etausō | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱ eta- sō |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱ m̀patisō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱ m̀pateksō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱ m̀patesō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱ m̀patefsō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱ m̀patessō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ m̀patensō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ m̀patetensō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ m̀patousō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ m̀pate- sō |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱ em̀patisō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱ em̀pateksō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱ em̀patesō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱ em̀patefsō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱ em̀patessō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ em̀patensō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ em̀patetensō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ em̀patousō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ em̀pate- sō |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱ etm̀patisō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱ etm̀pateksō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱ etm̀patesō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱ etm̀patefsō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱ etm̀patessō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etm̀patensō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etm̀patetensō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ etm̀patousō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ etm̀pate- sō |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱ nam̀patisō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱ nam̀pateksō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱ nam̀patesō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱ nam̀patefsō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱ nam̀patessō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ nam̀patensō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ nam̀patetensō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ nam̀patousō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ nam̀pate- sō |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲥⲱ šaisō | ϣⲁⲕⲥⲱ šaksō | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ šaresō | ϣⲁϥⲥⲱ šafsō | ϣⲁⲥⲥⲱ šassō | ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ šansō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ šatetensō | ϣⲁⲩⲥⲱ šausō | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ šare- sō |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲱ m̀paisō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲱ m̀paksō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ m̀paresō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲱ m̀pafsō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲱ m̀passō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲱ m̀pansō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ m̀paretensō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱ m̀pausō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ m̀pare- sō |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲥⲱ ešaisō | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱ ešaksō | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ ešaresō | ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱ ešafsō | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱ ešassō | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ ešansō | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ ešatetensō | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱ ešausō | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ ešare- sō |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲱ em̀paisō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲱ em̀paksō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ em̀paresō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲱ em̀pafsō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲱ em̀passō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲱ em̀pansō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ em̀paretensō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱ em̀pausō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ em̀pare- sō |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲥⲱ etšaisō | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲥⲱ etšaksō | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ etšaresō | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲥⲱ etšafsō | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲥⲱ etšassō | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ etšansō | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etšatetensō | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲥⲱ etšausō | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ etšare- sō |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲱ etm̀paisō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲱ etm̀paksō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ etm̀paresō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲱ etm̀pafsō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲱ etm̀passō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲱ etm̀pansō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etm̀paretensō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱ etm̀pausō | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ etm̀pare- sō |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲥⲱ našaisō | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲥⲱ našaksō | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ našaresō | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲥⲱ našafsō | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲥⲱ našassō | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ našansō | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ našatetensō | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲥⲱ našausō | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ našare- sō |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲱ nam̀paisō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲱ nam̀paksō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ nam̀paresō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲱ nam̀pafsō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲱ nam̀passō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲱ nam̀pansō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ nam̀paretensō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱ nam̀pausō | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ nam̀pare- sō |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲱ em̀paisō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲱ em̀paksō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ em̀paresō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲱ em̀pafsō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲱ em̀passō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲱ em̀pansō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ em̀paretensō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱ em̀pausō | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ em̀pare- sō |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲥⲱ eiesō | ⲉⲕⲉⲥⲱ ekesō | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱ eresō | ⲉϥⲉⲥⲱ efesō | ⲉⲥⲉⲥⲱ esesō | ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱ enesō | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱ eretenesō | ⲉⲩⲉⲥⲱ euesō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ ere- sō |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲥⲱ ǹnasō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲱ ǹneksō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲱ ǹnesō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲥⲱ ǹnefsō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲱ ǹnessō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱ ǹnensō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ ǹnetensō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲱ ǹnousō | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲥⲱ ǹne- sō |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱ marisō | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱ marefsō | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱ maressō | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱ marensō | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱ marousō | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ mare- sō |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲥⲱ m̀penthrisō | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲥⲱ m̀penthrefsō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱ m̀penthressō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱ m̀penthrensō | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲥⲱ m̀penthreusō | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ m̀penthre- sō |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲥⲱ ǹtasō | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱ ǹteksō | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲱ ǹtesō | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲥⲱ ǹtefsō | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱ ǹtessō | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ ǹtensō | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ ǹtetensō | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲥⲱ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ ǹsesō, ǹtousō | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ ǹte- sō |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱ tarisō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱ tareksō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ taresō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱ tarefsō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱ taressō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱ tarensō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ taretensō | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱ tarousō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ tare- sō |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲥⲱ šatisō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱ šateksō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱ šatesō | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱ šatefsō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱ šatessō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ šatensō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ šatetensō | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ šatousō | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ šate- sō |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ aišansō | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ akšansō | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ arešansō | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ afšansō | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ asšansō | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ anšansō | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ aretenšansō | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ aušansō | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲥⲱ arešan- sō |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲥⲱ aisō | ⲁⲕⲥⲱ aksō | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ aresō | ⲁϥⲥⲱ afsō | ⲁⲥⲥⲱ assō | ⲁⲛⲥⲱ ansō | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ aretensō | ⲁⲩⲥⲱ ausō | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ are- sō |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲥⲱ sō | imperative | affirmative | ⲥⲱ sō |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲱ štemsō | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲥⲱ, ⲡⲉⲗⲥⲱ mpelsō, pelsō |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲥⲱ tisō | ⲕⲥⲱ ksō | ⲧⲉⲥⲱ tesō | ϥⲥⲱ fsō | ⲥⲥⲱ ssō | ⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ tensō | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ tetensō | ⲥⲉⲥⲱ sesō | ⲥⲱ sō |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲥⲱ eisō | ⲉⲕⲥⲱ eksō | ⲉⲗⲉⲥⲱ elesō | ⲉϥⲥⲱ efsō | ⲉⲥⲥⲱ essō | ⲉⲛⲥⲱ ensō | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ eletensō | ⲉⲩⲥⲱ eusō | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ ele- sō |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲥⲱ etisō | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱ eteksō | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲱ etesō | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲥⲱ etefsō | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱ etessō | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etensō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etetensō | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ etousō | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ ete- sō, etele- sō |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲥⲱ naisō | ⲛⲁⲕⲥⲱ naksō | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱ nalesō | ⲛⲁϥⲥⲱ nafsō | ⲛⲁⲥⲥⲱ nassō | ⲛⲁⲛⲥⲱ nansō | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ naletensō | ⲛⲁⲩⲥⲱ nausō | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ nale- sō |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲥⲱ aisō | ⲁⲕⲥⲱ aksō | ⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱ alesō | ⲁϥⲥⲱ afsō | ⲁⲥⲥⲱ assō | ⲁⲛⲥⲱ ansō | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ aletensō | ⲁⲩⲥⲱ ausō | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ ale- sō |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉⲥⲱ tinesō | ⲕⲛⲉⲥⲱ knesō | ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱ tenesō | ϥⲛⲉⲥⲱ fnesō | ⲥⲛⲉⲥⲱ snesō | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲥⲱ tennesō | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲥⲱ tetennesō | ⲥⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱ senesō | ⲛⲉⲥⲱ nesō |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉⲥⲱ einesō | ⲉⲕⲛⲉⲥⲱ eknesō | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱ elenesō | ⲉϥⲛⲉⲥⲱ efnesō | ⲉⲥⲛⲉⲥⲱ esnesō | ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲥⲱ ennesō | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲥⲱ eletennesō | ⲉⲩⲛⲉⲥⲱ eunesō | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲥⲱ ele- nesō |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉⲥⲱ etinesō | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲥⲱ eteknesō | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱ etenesō | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲥⲱ etefnesō | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲥⲱ etesnesō | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲥⲱ etennesō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲥⲱ etetennesō | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲥⲱ etounesō | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲥⲱ etele- nesō |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉⲥⲱ nainesō | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉⲥⲱ naknesō | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱ nalenesō | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉⲥⲱ nafnesō | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉⲥⲱ nasnesō | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉⲥⲱ nannesō | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲥⲱ naletennesō | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉⲥⲱ naunesō | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲥⲱ nale- nesō |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉⲥⲱ ainesō | ⲁⲕⲛⲉⲥⲱ aknesō | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱ alenesō | ⲁϥⲛⲉⲥⲱ afnesō | ⲁⲥⲛⲉⲥⲱ asnesō | ⲁⲛⲛⲉⲥⲱ annesō | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲥⲱ aletennesō | ⲁⲩⲛⲉⲥⲱ aunesō | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲥⲱ ale- nesō |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲥⲱ aisō | ⲁⲕⲥⲱ aksō | ⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱ alesō | ⲁϥⲥⲱ afsō | ⲁⲥⲥⲱ assō | ⲁⲛⲥⲱ ansō | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ atetensō | ⲁⲩⲥⲱ ausō | ⲁ- ⲥⲱ a- sō |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲱ mpisō | ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱ mpeksō | ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲱ mpesō | ⲙⲡⲉϥⲥⲱ mpefsō | ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱ mpessō | ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱ mpensō | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ mpetensō | ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱ mpousō | ⲙⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱ mpe- sō |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲥⲱ eaisō | ⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱ eaksō | ⲉⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱ ealesō | ⲉⲁϥⲥⲱ eafsō | ⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱ eassō | ⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱ eansō | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ eatetensō | ⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱ eausō | ⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱ ea- sō |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲥⲱ empisō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱ empeksō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲱ empesō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲥⲱ empefsō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱ empessō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱ empensō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ empetensō | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱ empousō | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱ empe- sō |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲥⲱ ntaisō | ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱ ntaksō | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱ ntalesō | ⲛⲧⲁϥⲥⲱ ntafsō | ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱ ntassō | ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱ ntansō | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etaletensō | ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱ ntausō | ⲛⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱ nta- sō |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓⲥⲱ etempisō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱ etempeksō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲱ etempesō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲥⲱ etempefsō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱ etempessō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱ etempensō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etempetensō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱ etempousō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱ etempe- sō |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓⲥⲱ nneaisō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱ nneaksō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱ nnealesō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥⲥⲱ nneafsō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱ nneassō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱ nneansō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ nneatetensō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱ nneausō | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱ nnea- sō |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲥⲱ nnempisō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱ nnempeksō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲱ nnempesō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲥⲱ nnempefsō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱ nnempessō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱ nnempensō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ nnempetensō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱ nnempousō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱ nnempe- sō |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓⲥⲱ aaisō | ⲁⲁⲕⲥⲱ aaksō | ⲁⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱ aalesō | ⲁⲁϥⲥⲱ aafsō | ⲁⲁⲥⲥⲱ aassō | ⲁⲁⲛⲥⲱ aansō | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etaletensō | ⲁⲁⲩⲥⲱ aausō | ⲁⲁ- ⲥⲱ aa- sō |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯⲥⲱ mpatisō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱ mpateksō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱ mpatesō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱ mpatefsō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱ mpatessō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ mpatensō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ mpatetensō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ mpatousō | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ mpate- sō |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲥⲱ empatisō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱ empateksō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱ empatesō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱ empatefsō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱ empatessō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ empatensō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ empatetensō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ empatousō | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ empate- sō |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲥⲱ etempatisō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱ etempateksō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱ etempatesō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱ etempatefsō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱ etempatessō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etempatensō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etempatetensō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ etempatousō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ etempate- sō |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲥⲱ nnempatisō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱ nnempateksō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱ nnempatesō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱ nnempatefsō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱ nnempatessō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ nnempatensō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ nnempatetensō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ nnempatousō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ nnempate- sō |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲥⲱ šaisō | ϣⲁⲕⲥⲱ šaksō | ϣⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱ šalesō | ϣⲁϥⲥⲱ šafsō | ϣⲁⲥⲥⲱ šassō | ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ šansō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ šatetensō | ϣⲁⲩⲥⲱ šausō | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ šale- sō |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓⲥⲱ meisō | ⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱ meksō | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲥⲱ melesō | ⲙⲉϥⲥⲱ mefsō | ⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱ messō | ⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱ mensō | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ meletensō | ⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱ meusō | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ mele- sō |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲥⲱ ešaisō | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱ ešaksō | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱ ešalesō | ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱ ešafsō | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱ ešassō | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ ešansō | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ ešatetensō | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱ ešausō | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ ešale- sō |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓⲥⲱ emeisō | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱ emeksō | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲥⲱ emelesō | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱ emefsō | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱ emessō | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱ emensō | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ emeletensō | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱ emeusō | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ emele- sō |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓⲥⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲓⲥⲱ etešaisō, nšaisō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲕⲥⲱ etešaksō, nšaksō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱ etešalesō, nšalesō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱ, ⲛϣⲁϥⲥⲱ etešafsō, nšafsō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲥⲥⲱ etešassō, nšassō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ etešansō, nšansō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etešatetensō, nšatetensō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲩⲥⲱ etešausō, nšausō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ etešale- sō, nšale- sō |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓⲥⲱ etemeisō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱ etemeksō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲥⲱ etemelesō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱ etemefsō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱ etemessō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱ etemensō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ etemeletensō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱ etemeusō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ etemele- sō |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓⲥⲱ nnešaisō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱ nnešaksō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱ nnešalesō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱ nnešafsō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱ nnešassō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ nnešansō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ nnešatetensō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱ nnešausō | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ nnešale- sō |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓⲥⲱ nnemeisō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱ nnemeksō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲥⲱ nnemelesō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱ nnemefsō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱ nnemessō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱ nnemensō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ nnemeletensō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱ nnemeusō | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ nnemele- sō |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓⲥⲱ nmeisō | ⲛⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱ nmeksō | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲥⲱ nmelesō | ⲛⲙⲉϥⲥⲱ nmefsō | ⲛⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱ nmessō | ⲛⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱ nmensō | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ nmeletensō | ⲛⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱ nmeusō | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ nmele- sō |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲥⲱ eiesō | ⲉⲕⲉⲥⲱ ekesō | ⲉⲗⲉⲥⲱ elesō | ⲉϥⲉⲥⲱ efesō | ⲉⲥⲉⲥⲱ esesō | ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱ enesō | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱ eletenesō | ⲉⲩⲉⲥⲱ euesō | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ ele- sō |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱ nnasō | ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲥⲱ nneksō | ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲱ nnesō | ⲛⲛⲉϥⲥⲱ nnefsō | ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲥⲱ nnessō | ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱ nnensō | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ nnetensō | ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲥⲱ nnousō | ⲛⲛⲉ- ⲥⲱ nne- sō |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲥⲱ malisō | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥⲥⲱ malefsō | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥⲥⲱ malessō | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛⲥⲱ malensō | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩⲥⲱ malousō | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ male- sō |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓⲥⲱ mpeltrisō | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥⲥⲱ mpeltrefsō | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱ mpeltressō | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱ mpeltrensō | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩⲥⲱ mpeltreusō | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ mpeltre- sō |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲥⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲱ tasō, ntasō | ⲛⲕⲥⲱ nksō | ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲱ ntesō | ⲛϥⲥⲱ nfsō | ⲛⲥⲥⲱ nssō | ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ ntensō | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ ntetensō | ⲛⲥⲉⲥⲱ nsesō | ⲛⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ nte- sō |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓⲥⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓⲥⲱ talisō, ntalisō | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲥⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲥⲱ taleksō, ntaleksō | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱ talesō, ntalesō | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲥⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲥⲱ talefsō, ntalefsō | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲥⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲥⲱ talessō, ntalessō | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲥⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲥⲱ talensō, ntalensō | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ taletensō, ntaletensō | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲥⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲥⲱ talousō, ntalousō | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ tale- sō, ntale- sō |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓⲥⲱ ntelisō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕⲥⲱ nteleksō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥⲱ ntelesō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥⲥⲱ ntelefsō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥⲥⲱ ntelessō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛⲥⲱ ntelensō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ nteletensō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩⲥⲱ ntelousō | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ ntele- sō |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲥⲱ šantisō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱ šanteksō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲱ šantesō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥⲥⲱ šantefsō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱ šantessō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ šantensō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ šantetensō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ šantousō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ šante- sō |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ eišansō | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ ekšansō | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ elešansō | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ efšansō | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ esšansō | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ enšansō | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ eletenšansō | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ eušansō | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲥⲱ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ⲥⲱ elešan- sō, elšan- sō |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲥⲱ aisō | ⲁⲕⲥⲱ aksō | ⲁⲗⲉⲥⲱ alesō | ⲁϥⲥⲱ afsō | ⲁⲥⲥⲱ assō | ⲁⲛⲥⲱ ansō | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱ aletensō | ⲁⲩⲥⲱ ausō | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲥⲱ ale- sō |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲥⲱ sō | imperative | affirmative | ⲥⲱ sō |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲥⲱ tm̄sō | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱ m̄pr̄sō |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲥⲱ tisō | ⲕⲥⲱ ksō | ⲧⲉⲥⲱ tesō | ϥⲥⲱ fsō | ⲥⲥⲱ ssō | ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ tn̄sō | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ tetn̄sō | ⲥⲉⲥⲱ sesō | ⲥⲱ sō |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱ eïsō | ⲉⲕⲥⲱ eksō | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱ eresō | ⲉϥⲥⲱ efsō | ⲉⲥⲥⲱ essō | ⲉⲛⲥⲱ ensō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ etetn̄sō | ⲉⲩⲥⲱ eusō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ ere- sō |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲥⲱ etisō | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱ etk̄sō | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱ etesō, eteresō | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱ etf̄sō | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱ ets̄sō | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ etn̄sō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ etetn̄sō | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ etousō | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ etere- sō |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱ neïsō | ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲱ neksō | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱ neresō | ⲛⲉϥⲥⲱ nefsō | ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲱ nessō | ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱ nensō | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ netetn̄sō | ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲱ neusō | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ nere- sō |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲥⲱ tinasō | ⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱ knasō | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱ tenasō | ϥⲛⲁⲥⲱ fnasō | ⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱ snasō | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱ tn̄nasō | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱ tetnasō | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱ senasō | ⲛⲁⲥⲱ nasō |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥⲱ eïnasō | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱ eknasō | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱ erenasō | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲱ efnasō | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱ esnasō | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱ ennasō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱ etetnasō | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱ eunasō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱ ere- nasō |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥⲱ etinasō | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱ etk̄nasō | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱ etenasō, eterenasō | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱ etf̄nasō | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱ ets̄nasō | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱ etn̄nasō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱ etetnasō | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱ etounasō | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱ etere- nasō |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥⲱ neïnasō | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱ neknasō | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱ nerenasō | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲱ nefnasō | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱ nesnasō | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱ nennasō | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱ netetnasō | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱ neunasō | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱ nere- nasō |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱ aïsō | ⲁⲕⲥⲱ aksō | ⲁⲥⲱ, ⲁⲣⲥⲱ, ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ asō, arsō, aresō | ⲁϥⲥⲱ afsō | ⲁⲥⲥⲱ assō | ⲁⲛⲥⲱ ansō | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ atetn̄sō | ⲁⲩⲥⲱ ausō | ⲁ- ⲥⲱ a- sō |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱ m̄pisō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱ m̄pk̄sō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱ m̄pesō, m̄pr̄sō | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱ m̄pf̄sō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱ m̄ps̄sō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱ m̄pn̄sō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ m̄petn̄sō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱ m̄pousō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱ m̄pe- sō |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱ eaïsō | ⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱ eaksō | ⲉⲁⲥⲱ, ⲉⲁⲣⲥⲱ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ easō, earsō, earesō | ⲉⲁϥⲥⲱ eafsō | ⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱ eassō | ⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱ eansō | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ eatetn̄sō | ⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱ eausō | ⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱ ea- sō |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱ em̄pisō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱ em̄pk̄sō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱ em̄pesō, em̄pr̄sō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱ em̄pf̄sō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱ em̄ps̄sō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱ em̄pn̄sō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ em̄petn̄sō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱ em̄pousō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱ em̄pe- sō |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱ entaïsō, n̄taïsō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱ entaksō, n̄taksō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲥⲱ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ entasō, n̄tasō, entarsō, n̄tarsō, entaresō, n̄taresō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥⲱ entafsō, n̄tafsō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱ entassō, n̄tassō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱ entansō, n̄tansō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ entatetn̄sō, n̄tatetn̄sō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱ entausō, n̄tausō | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱ enta- sō, n̄ta- sō |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱ etem̄pisō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱ etem̄pk̄sō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱ etem̄pesō, etem̄pr̄sō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱ etem̄pf̄sō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱ etem̄ps̄sō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱ etem̄pn̄sō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ etem̄petn̄sō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱ etem̄pousō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱ etem̄pe- sō |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱ neaïsō | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱ neaksō | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲥⲱ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ neasō, nearsō, nearesō | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥⲱ neafsō | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱ neassō | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱ neansō | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ neatetn̄sō | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱ neausō | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱ nea- sō |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱ nem̄pisō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱ nem̄pk̄sō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱ nem̄pesō, nem̄pr̄sō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱ nem̄pf̄sō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱ nem̄ps̄sō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱ nem̄pn̄sō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ nem̄petn̄sō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱ nem̄pousō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱ nem̄pe- sō |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱ n̄taïsō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱ n̄taksō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ n̄tasō, n̄tarsō, n̄taresō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥⲱ n̄tafsō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱ n̄tassō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱ n̄tansō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ n̄tatetn̄sō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱ n̄tausō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱ n̄ta- sō |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱ m̄patisō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱ m̄patk̄sō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱ m̄patesō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱ m̄patf̄sō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱ m̄pats̄sō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ m̄patn̄sō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ m̄patetn̄sō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ m̄patousō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ m̄pate- sō |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱ em̄patisō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱ em̄patk̄sō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱ em̄patesō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱ em̄patf̄sō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱ em̄pats̄sō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ em̄patn̄sō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ em̄patetn̄sō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ em̄patousō | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ em̄pate- sō |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱ etem̄patisō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱ etem̄patk̄sō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱ etem̄patesō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱ etem̄patf̄sō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱ etem̄pats̄sō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ etem̄patn̄sō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ etem̄patetn̄sō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ etem̄patousō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ etem̄pate- sō |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱ nem̄patisō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱ nem̄patk̄sō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱ nem̄patesō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱ nem̄patf̄sō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱ nem̄pats̄sō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ nem̄patn̄sō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ nem̄patetn̄sō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ nem̄patousō | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ nem̄pate- sō |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱ šaïsō | ϣⲁⲕⲥⲱ šaksō | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ šaresō | ϣⲁϥⲥⲱ šafsō | ϣⲁⲥⲥⲱ šassō | ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ šansō | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ šatetn̄sō | ϣⲁⲩⲥⲱ šausō | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ šare- sō |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱ meïsō | ⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱ meksō | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱ meresō | ⲙⲉϥⲥⲱ mefsō | ⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱ messō | ⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱ mensō | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ metetn̄sō | ⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱ meusō | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ mere- sō |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱ ešaïsō | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱ ešaksō | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ ešaresō | ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱ ešafsō | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱ ešassō | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ ešansō | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ ešatetn̄sō | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱ ešausō | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ ešare- sō |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱ emeïsō | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱ emeksō | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱ emeresō | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱ emefsō | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱ emessō | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱ emensō | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ emetetn̄sō | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱ emeusō | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ emere- sō |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱ etešaïsō, ešaïsō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱ etešaksō, ešaksō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ etešaresō, ešaresō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱ etešafsō, ešafsō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱ etešassō, ešassō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ etešansō, ešansō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ etešatetn̄sō, ešatetn̄sō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱ etešausō, ešausō | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ etešare- sō, ešare- sō |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱ etemeïsō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱ etemeksō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱ etemeresō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱ etemefsō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱ etemessō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱ etemensō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ etemetetn̄sō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱ etemeusō | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ etemere- sō |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱ nešaïsō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱ nešaksō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ nešaresō | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱ nešafsō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱ nešassō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ nešansō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ nešatetn̄sō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱ nešausō | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ nešare- sō |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱ nemeïsō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱ nemeksō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱ nemeresō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱ nemefsō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱ nemessō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱ nemensō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ nemetetn̄sō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱ nemeusō | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ nemere- sō |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱ emeïsō | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱ emeksō | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱ emeresō | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱ emefsō | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱ emessō | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱ emensō | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ emetetn̄sō | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱ emeusō | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ emere- sō |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲥⲱ eïesō | ⲉⲕⲉⲥⲱ ekesō | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱ eresō | ⲉϥⲉⲥⲱ efesō | ⲉⲥⲉⲥⲱ esesō | ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱ enesō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲥⲱ etetnesō | ⲉⲩⲉⲥⲱ euesō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ ere- sō |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱ n̄nasō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲱ n̄neksō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲱ n̄nesō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲥⲱ n̄nefsō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲱ n̄nessō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱ n̄nensō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ n̄netn̄sō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲱ n̄neusō | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲥⲱ n̄ne- sō |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱ marisō | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱ marefsō | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱ maressō | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱ marn̄sō | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱ marousō | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ mare- sō |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲥⲱ m̄pr̄trasō | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲥⲱ m̄pr̄trefsō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱ m̄pr̄tressō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱ m̄pr̄trensō | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲥⲱ m̄pr̄treusō | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ m̄pr̄tre- sō |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱ, ⲧⲁⲥⲱ n̄tasō, tasō | ⲛ̄ⲅⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲥⲱ n̄gsō, n̄ksō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲥⲱ n̄tesō | ⲛ̄ϥⲥⲱ n̄fsō | ⲛ̄ⲥⲥⲱ n̄ssō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ n̄tn̄sō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ n̄tetn̄sō | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲥⲱ n̄sesō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ n̄te- sō |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱ tarisō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱ tareksō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱ taresō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱ tarefsō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱ taressō | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱ tarn̄sō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ taretn̄sō | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱ tarousō | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ tare- sō |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲥⲱ n̄terisō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱ n̄tereksō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲥⲱ n̄teresō, n̄terersō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲥⲱ n̄terefsō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱ n̄teressō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱ n̄tern̄sō, n̄terensō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ n̄teretn̄sō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱ n̄terousō | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ n̄tere- sō |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲥⲱ šantisō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱ šantk̄sō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲱ šantesō | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱ šantf̄sō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱ šants̄sō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ šantn̄sō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ šantetn̄sō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱ šantousō | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱ šante- sō |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ eïšansō | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ ekšansō | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ eršansō, erešansō | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ efšansō | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ esšansō | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ enšansō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ etetn̄šansō | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲱ eušansō | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲥⲱ eršan- sō |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱ eïsō | ⲉⲕⲥⲱ eksō | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱ eresō | ⲉϥⲥⲱ efsō | ⲉⲥⲥⲱ essō | ⲉⲛⲥⲱ ensō | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱ etetn̄sō | ⲉⲩⲥⲱ eusō | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱ ere- sō |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

#### Related terms

* ⲙⲁ ⲛⲥⲱ (ma nsō, “drinking place”)
* ⲣⲉϥⲥⲱ (refsō, “drinker”)
* ⲁⲧⲥⲱ (atsō, “without drinking”)
* ϭⲓⲛⲥⲱ (cinsō, “drink”)
* ⲥⲱⲱϥ (sōōf, “drinking-bout, carousal”)