# 模糊
## Chinese
### Etymology

Etymology unclear. A literal derivation is unlikely. First attested in the Tang dynasty. If not a loanword from an Altaic language, it is likely that this is a disyllabic derivative of the Old Chinese root *m̥aŋ/m̥oŋ/m̥ɯŋ ("unclear, confused"), which had numerous descendants, for example 盲 (máng, “to be blind”), 茫 (máng, “boundless and indistinct”), 蒙 (méng, “darkness”), 夢／梦 (mèng, “dream”), 昏 (hūn, “dim, confused”). Compare 馬虎／马虎 (mǎhu, “careless”), 麻胡 (máhú, “a mythical ferocious character”), 瑪呼／玛呼 (mǎhū, “(to put on) a mask”), 糊塗／糊涂 (hútu, “confused, obfuscated”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): móhu, móhú, mōhu
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ ˙ㄏㄨ, ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄨˊ, ㄇㄛ ˙ㄏㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mou$^4$ wu$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): mô͘-hô͘ / bô͘-hô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mo$^5$ hu$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: móhu
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ ˙ㄏㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: móhů
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^2$-hu$^5$
*** Yale: mwó-hu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo.hu
*** Palladius: моху (moxu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ³⁵ xu³/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: móhú
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: móhú
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^2$-hu$^2$
*** Yale: mwó-hú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mohwu
*** Palladius: моху (moxu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ³⁵ xu³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, common variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mōhu
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛ ˙ㄏㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mohů
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^1$-hu$^5$
*** Yale: mwō-hu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mho.hu
*** Palladius: моху (moxu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xu²/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^4$ wu$^4$
*** Yale: mòuh wùh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^4$ wu$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^4$ wu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²¹ wuː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘-hô͘
*** Tâi-lô: môo-hôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mo'hoo
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃¹³⁻²² hɔ¹³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô͘-hô͘
*** Tâi-lô: bôo-hôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bo'hoo
*** IPA (Taipei): /bɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ²³⁻³³ hɔ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ¹³⁻²² hɔ¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mo$^5$ hu$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô hû
*** Sinological IPA : /mo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hu⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: mu hu
Rime :
| Character | 模 | 糊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 莫胡切 | 戸吳切 |
| Baxter | mu | hu |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muo/ | /ɦuo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muo/ | /ɦuo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mo/ | /ɣo/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mɔ/ | /ɦɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /mo/ | /ɣo/ |
| Wang Li | /mu/ | /ɣu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /muo/ | /ɣuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mú | hú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mou$^4$ | wu$^4$ |

### Adjective

模糊
* blurry; vague; obscure; fuzzy
       Wǒ de diànnǎo píngmù tūrán biàndé móhu bùqīng. [Pinyin]
       My computer screen suddenly went blurry.
       Wǒ mómóhuhu jìdé tā de yàngzi. [Pinyin]
       I vaguely remember what he looked like.

#### Synonyms

* 不清 (bùqīng)
* 低迷 (dīmí)
* 依稀 (yīxī)
* 含混 (hánhùn)
* 含糊
* 微茫 (wēimáng) (formal)
* 恍惚 (huǎnghū)
* 朦朧／朦胧 (ménglóng)
* 模稜／模棱 (móléng)
* 淡漠 (dànmò)
* 約略／约略 (yuēlüè)
* 迷離／迷离 (mílí) (literary)
* 隱約／隐约 (yǐnyuē)
* 隱隱／隐隐 (yǐnyǐn)

#### Antonyms

* 清晰 (qīngxī)

#### Derived terms

* 模模糊糊
* 模糊不清 (móhúbùqīng)
* 模糊數學／模糊数学
* 模糊理論／模糊理论
* 模糊邏輯／模糊逻辑 (móhú luójí)
* 模糊音 (móhúyīn)
* 血肉模糊 (xuèròumóhú)

#### Related terms

* 迷糊 (míhu)

### Verb

模糊
* to blur; to confuse; to mix up
       Bié móhu zhè liǎng ge chéngyǔ zhījiān de chābié. [Pinyin]
       Don't mix up the differences between these two idioms.

#### Synonyms

* 串
* 亂／乱 (luàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 交插 (Hokkien)
* 夾雜／夹杂 (jiāzá)
* 廝混／厮混 (sīhùn)
* 拍濫／拍滥 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 拍相濫／拍相滥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 插雜／插杂 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 摻和／掺和
* 摻濫／掺滥 (Hokkien)
* 摻雜／掺杂 (chānzá)
* 混同 (hùntóng)
* 混合
* 混淆
* 混雜／混杂
* 相濫／相滥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 羼雜／羼杂 (chànzá)