# نجف
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From the root ن ج ف (n-j-f) originally stemming from the butting together of horns; hence the wide semantic range "to push or thrust", "to gore or stab", "to knock about", "to be pushed about".

#### Verb

نَجَفَ • (najafa) I (non-past يَنْجُفُ (yanjufu), verbal noun نَجْف (najf))
* to fashion a point or tip
* to carve or sharpen an arrow
* to make a broad spearhead
* to cut down (a tree) at the root
* to dig (a well) (and widen its bottom)
* to scour (rocks) (of the wind)
* to milk (a sheep) dry
* to drain (a well)

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

نَجَفَ • (najafa) I (non-past يَنْجُفُ (yanjufu), verbal noun نِجَاف (nijāf))
* to bolt or to lock a door
* to barricade, to set up a blockade
* to shield or block
* to push back, to be a barrier or resistance against another thing

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

نَجَّفَ • (najjafa) II (non-past يُنَجِّفُ (yunajjifu), verbal noun تَنْجِيف (tanjīf))
* to be blown by the wind
* to drift, to be pushed
* to shake, to be knocked about
* to push up into a heap

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

نَجَف • (najaf) m (plural نِجَاف (nijāf))
* elevated place not reached by water, hill, dike
* embankment, battlement
* dune especially those that drift or are pushed around or formed by the wind

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From دُرّ النَجَف (durr an-najaf, “the pearls of Najaf”), named from the city Najaf, the surrounding hills of which are famed for their abundant quartz deposits.

#### Noun

نَجَف • (najaf) m (collective, singulative نَجَفَة f (najafa))
* quartz, crystal
* chandelier

##### Declension
#### References

* “نجف” in Almaany
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 20
* Freytag, Georg (1837) “نجف”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 245
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “نجف”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 1206
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “نجف”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, pages 1103–1104
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “نجف”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 1249–1250

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

نجف (form I)
* نَجِفُّ (najiffu) /na.d͡ʒif.fu/: first-person plural non-past active indicative of جَفَّ (jaffa)
* نَجِفَّ (najiffa) /na.d͡ʒif.fa/: first-person plural non-past active subjunctive/jussive of جَفَّ (jaffa)
* نَجِفِّ (najiffi) /na.d͡ʒif.fi/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of جَفَّ (jaffa)

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

نجف (form I)
* نَجْفُ (najfu) /nad͡ʒ.fu/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of جَفَا (jafā)
* نُجْفَ (nujfa) /nud͡ʒ.fa/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of جَفَا (jafā)

### Etymology 5
#### Verb

نجف (form I)
* نَجُفْ (najuf) /na.d͡ʒuf/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of جَافَ (jāfa)
* نُجَفْ (nujaf) /nu.d͡ʒaf/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of جَافَ (jāfa)

### Etymology 6
#### Verb

نجف (form I)
* نَجِفُ (najifu) /na.d͡ʒi.fu/: first-person plural non-past active indicative of وَجَفَ (wajafa)
* نَجِفَ (najifa) /na.d͡ʒi.fa/: first-person plural non-past active subjunctive of وَجَفَ (wajafa)
* نَجِفْ (najif) /na.d͡ʒif/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of وَجَفَ (wajafa)

## Egyptian Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnæɡæf/

### Noun

نجف • (nagaf)
* plural of نجفة

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic النَّجَف (an-najaf).

### Proper noun

نجف • (Necef)
* Najaf (a city)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: Necef

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic النَّجَف (an-najaf).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [na.ˈd͡ʒaf]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [nä.d͡ʒǽf]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [nä.d͡ʒǽf]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [nä.d͡ʒǽf]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [nä.d͡ʒǽf]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [næ.d͡ʒǽf]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [nä.d͡ʒǽf]

### Proper noun

| Dari | نجف |
| Iranian Persian | نجف |
| Tajik | Наҷаф |
نجف • (najaf)
* Najaf (a city in Iraq)