# docuirethar
## Old Irish
### Etymology

From to- +‎ ·cuirethar, prototonic form of fo·ceird. The perfective forms are from to- + ro- + Proto-Celtic *layeti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /doˈkurʲəθər/, [doˈkurʲeθar]

### Verb

do·cuirethar (verbal noun tochor or tochuiriud)
* to put, to place
** c. 760 Blathmac mac Con Brettan, published in "Blathmac's Stanzas 260-303 on Judgement Day" (2019; Celtica), edited and with translations by Siobhán Barrett and David Stifter, stanza 268
    Du·foícherr fora leth ndesa cháercha íarna nglanmes. [MS. Dṿfocerr fā leiṭ ndes acaorċa iar na nglainmẹṣ.]He will put, on his right side, his sheep after purely judging them.
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 35$^d$22
    Ní rádi ní trí thalmaidchi amal dund·chuirethar inna beulu acht as·rochoíli 7 im·rádi ɔdib sainemail na nní labrathar.He does not say anything in haste as he puts [his words] into his mouth, but instead he determines [what he is about to say] and thinks [before he speaks] so that anything he says is excellent.
** c. 700–800 Táin Bó Cúailnge, published in Táin Bó Cúailnge. Recension I (1976, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Cecile O'Rahilly, TBC-I 1004
    Do·chorastár [sic] in glaiss for cúlu oss é cona liic fora thairr.The river turned [Úalu] onto his back so that he was with his stone on his belly.
** c. 808, Félire Oengusso, Prologue, lines 13-16; republished as Whitley Stokes, transl., Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee, Harrison & Sons, 1905:Do rigrad no·molur, ol is tú mo ruiri, do·ralus ar m'airi gréschi occa nguidi.Your sg kings [glorious saints] who I praise, given that you are my sovereign [ruiri], I have borne in mind constancy in beseeching them.
* to throw, to cast
* to invite

#### Inflection

This verb conjugated differently depending on the sense.
For meanings related to “put” or “throw”, this term was highly suppletive, with a perfective formation in underlying to- + ro- + ·lá and a future formation directly suppleted from fo·ceird. It was also defective, as personal conjugations outside of the third person were almost non-existent.
| | | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. |
| Present indicative | Deut. | | | du·cuiredar, do·cuirethar, do·corethar | | do·cuiretar | do·focuirther, do·cuirither | |
| Present indicative | Prot. | | | | | | ·tochar, ·tochuirther | |
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | | | do·corad | | ·tochratis | | |
| Imperfect indicative | Prot. | | | ·tachrad | | | | |
| Preterite | Deut. | | | du·corastar, do·corastar | | | | |
| Preterite | Prot. | | | ·tochrastar | | | | |
| Perfect | Deut. | do·ralus | | dus·rale (with infixed pronoun s-) | | | do·ralad | *do·ralta |
| Perfect | Prot. | *·tarlus | | | | | *·tarlad | |
| Future | Deut. | | | du·foícherr | | | | |
| Future | Prot. | | | | | ·dichret | | |
| Conditional | Deut. | | | do·fóichred | | | | |
| Conditional | Prot. | | | ·toichred | | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | | | do·corathar; to·rala (ro-form) | | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Prot. | | ·drala (ro-form) | ·tochrathar; ·rathochra (late ro-form) | ·tarlam (ro-form) | | | |
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | | | | | | | |
| Past subjunctive | Prot. | | | | | | | |
| Imperative | Imperative | | tochre | | | | | |
| Verbal noun | Verbal noun | tochor | | | | | | |
| Past participle | Past participle | | | | | | | |
| Verbal of necessity | Verbal of necessity | | | | | | | |
On the other hand, when meaning “invite”, the verb was not defective and lacked suppletion. It also called for a different verbal noun, tochuiriud, instead of tochor.
| | | 1st sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. |
| Present indicative | Deut. | do·cuiriur | do·cuirethar | | | do·focuirther | |
| Present indicative | Prot. | | | | | | |
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | | | | | | |
| Imperfect indicative | Prot. | | | | | | |
| Preterite | Deut. | | | | | | |
| Preterite | Prot. | | | | | | |
| Perfect | Deut. | | do·rochurestar | do·rochuirsemmar | | | |
| Perfect | Prot. | | | | | | |
| Future | Deut. | do·cuirifar | | | | | |
| Future | Prot. | | | | | | ·tocuirfiter |
| Conditional | Deut. | | | | | | |
| Conditional | Prot. | | | | | ·tochuiribthe | |
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | | | | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Prot. | | | | | | |
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | | | | | | |
| Past subjunctive | Prot. | | | | | | |
| Imperative | Imperative | | tocuired | | tocuirid | | |
| Verbal noun | Verbal noun | tochuiriud | | | | | |
| Past participle | Past participle | | | | | | |
| Verbal of necessity | Verbal of necessity | | | | | | |

#### Descendants

Most descendants of this verb eventually lost all the original Old Irish senses, gaining a meaning "to happen", especially in the perfect. The original senses were taken over by Middle Irish cuirid.
* Middle Irish: tochraid, tachraid
** Irish: tachar (“putting, placing”, noun) (originally verbal noun)
** Scottish Gaelic: tachair
** Manx: taghyr
* ⇒ Middle Irish: do·rala, tarla (from perfect)
** Irish: tarlaigh
** Scottish Gaelic: thàrladh, tàrlaidh

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “docuirethar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language