# 壙

| 壙 | U+58D9, &#22745; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58D9 |
| ← 壘 [U+58D8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 壚 → [U+58DA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

壙 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+15, 18 strokes, cangjie input 土戈廿金 (GITC), four-corner 4018$_6$, composition ⿰土廣)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 241, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5576
* Dae Jaweon: page 481, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 497, character 6
* Unihan data for U+58D9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 僙 | *kʷaːŋ |
| 廣 | *kʷaːŋʔ |
| 鄺 | *kʷaːŋʔ, *qʰʷaːŋ |
| 懬 | *kʰʷaːŋʔ, *kʰaːŋʔ |
| 爌 | *kʰʷaːŋʔ, *kʰʷaːŋs, *qʰʷaːŋʔ |
| 曠 | *kʰʷaːŋs |
| 矌 | *kʰʷaːŋs |
| 壙 | *kʰʷaːŋs |
| 纊 | *kʰʷaːŋs |
| 黃 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 璜 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 潢 | *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷaːŋs |
| 簧 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 癀 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 鱑 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 獚 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 蟥 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 趪 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 櫎 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ |
| 擴 | *ɡʷlaːŋs, *kʰʷaːɡ |
| 瀇 | *qʷaːŋʔ |
| 獷 | *kʷaŋʔ, *kʷraːŋʔ |
| 觵 | *kʷraːŋ |
| 礦 | *kʷraːŋʔ |
| 鑛 | *kʷraːŋʔ |
| 穬 | *kʷraːŋʔ |
| 橫 | *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ |
| 黌 | *ɡʷraːŋ |
| 鐄 | *ɡʷraːŋ |
| 嚝 | *qʰʷraːŋ |
| 彉 | *kʷaːɡ, *qʰʷaːɡ |
| 彍 | *kʷaːɡ, *qʰʷaːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːŋs) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuàng (kuang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kwong$^3$ / kong$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuàng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuang$^4$
*** Yale: kwàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuanq
*** Palladius: куан (kuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwong$^3$ / kong$^3$
*** Yale: kwong / kong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwong$^3$ / kong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kuong$^3$ / kong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰɔːŋ³³/, /kʰɔːŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: khwangH
Rime :
| Character | 壙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (102) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦謗切 |
| Baxter | khwangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰwɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰʷɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰwaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰuɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kʰwɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kuàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷʰˤaŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷaːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 壙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kuàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khwang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷʰˁaŋ-s/ |
| English | grave pit |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 壙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5376 |
| Phonetic component | 黄 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 曠 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰʷaːŋs/ |

### Definitions

壙
* (literary) tomb; grave
* (literary) open wilderness; prairie
* (literary) Alternative form of 曠／旷 (kuàng, “vast; expansive”)

### Compounds

* 壙久／圹久
* 壙僚／圹僚
* 壙埌／圹埌 (kuànglàng)
* 壙壙／圹圹
* 壙遠／圹远
* 生壙／生圹
* 痟狗舂墓壙／痟狗舂墓圹 (siáu káu cheng bōng-khòng) (Min Nan)

### References

* “壙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: あな (ana, 壙)

## Korean
### Hanja

壙 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

壙: Hán Nôm readings: khoảng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.