# 眷顧
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): juàngù
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄢˋ ㄍㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gyun$^3$ gu$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koàn-kò͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: juàngù
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄢˋ ㄍㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyuàngù
*** Wade–Giles: chüan$^4$-ku$^4$
*** Yale: jywàn-gù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiuannguh
*** Palladius: цзюаньгу (czjuanʹgu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gyun$^3$ gu$^3$
*** Yale: gyun gu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gyn$^3$ gu$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gün$^3$ gu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kyːn³³ kuː³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàn-kò͘
*** Tâi-lô: kuàn-kòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koarnkox
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kuan²¹⁻⁵³ kɔ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuan²¹⁻⁵³ kɔ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kuan¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuan²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kjwenH kuH
Rime :
| Character | 眷 | 顧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (80) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 居倦切 | 古暮切 |
| Baxter | kjwenH | kuH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiuᴇn$^H$/ | /kuo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷᵚiɛn$^H$/ | /kuo$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiuæn$^H$/ | /ko$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwian$^H$/ | /kɔ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kjuɛn$^H$/ | /ko$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭwɛn$^H$/ | /ku$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯wɛn$^H$/ | /kuo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | juàn | gù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gyun$^3$ | gu$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ro[n]-s [k]ʷˤaʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krons kʷaːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 眷 | 顧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | juàn | gù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjwen$^H$ › | ‹ ku$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ro[n]-s/ | /*[k]ʷˁaʔ-s/ (~ *[k]ʷˁaʔ) |
| English | look on with affection | look around |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 眷 | 顧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 7158 | 5293 |
| Phonetic component |  | 戸 |
| Rime group | 元 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 眷 | 顧 |
| Old Chinese | /*krons/ | /*kʷaːs/ |

### Verb

眷顧
* (formal) to regard with tenderness; to be concerned about

#### Synonyms

* 心念 (Hokkien)
* 念 (niàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 惦念 (diànniàn)
* 惦記／惦记 (diànjì)
* 懸／悬 (xuán) (literary, or in compounds)
* 懸念／悬念 (xuánniàn) (formal)
* 懸想／悬想 (xuánxiǎng)
* 掛念／挂念 (guàniàn)
* 掛意／挂意 (guàyì)
* 掛記／挂记 (Nanchang Gan, Yudu Hakka)
* 數念／数念 (siàu-liām) (Hokkien)
* 牽掛／牵挂 (qiānguà)
* 眷懷／眷怀 (juànhuái) (literary)
* 眷注 (juànzhù) (literary)
* 記掛／记挂 (jìguà) (dialectal)
* 顧念／顾念 (gùniàn)

### Noun

眷顧
* (Christianity) providence (of God)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 眷 | 顧 |
| けん Hyōgai | こ Grade: S |
| kan'on ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けんこ [kéꜜǹkò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kẽ̞ŋko̞]

### Noun

眷(けん)顧(こ) • (kenko)
* favourable regard
    Synonym: 愛顧 (aiko)

### Verb

眷(けん)顧(こ)する • (kenko suru) transitive suru (stem 眷(けん)顧(こ)し (kenko shi), past 眷(けん)顧(こ)した (kenko shita))
* to show favourable regard
    Synonym: 愛顧する (aiko suru)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 眷顧し | けんこし | kenko shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 眷顧し | けんこし | kenko shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 眷顧する | けんこする | kenko suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 眷顧する | けんこする | kenko suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 眷顧すれ | けんこすれ | kenko sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 眷顧せよ¹ 眷顧しろ² | けんこせよ¹ けんこしろ² | kenko seyo¹ kenko shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 眷顧される | けんこされる | kenko sareru |
| Causative | 眷顧させる 眷顧さす | けんこさせる けんこさす | kenko saseru kenko sasu |
| Potential | 眷顧できる | けんこできる | kenko dekiru |
| Volitional | 眷顧しよう | けんこしよう | kenko shiyō |
| Negative | 眷顧しない | けんこしない | kenko shinai |
| Negative continuative | 眷顧せず | けんこせず | kenko sezu |
| Formal | 眷顧します | けんこします | kenko shimasu |
| Perfective | 眷顧した | けんこした | kenko shita |
| Conjunctive | 眷顧して | けんこして | kenko shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 眷顧すれば | けんこすれば | kenko sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 眷 | 顧 |

### Noun

眷顧 • (gwon'go) (hangeul 권고)
* hanja form of 권고