# gqwalisa
## Zulu
### Etymology

From -gqwala +‎ -isa.

### Verb

-gqwalisa$^?$
* (transitive) to rust, to corrode
* (transitive) to bleach

#### Inflection

Tone unknown :
| Infinitive | ukugqwalisa |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukugqwalisa | ukungagqwalisi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | gqwalisa | -gqwalise |
| Plural | gqwalisani | -gqwaliseni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyagqwalisa, ngigqwalisa | engigqwalisayo, engigqwalisa | ngigqwalisa | angigqwalisi | engingagqwalisi | ngingagqwalisi |
| 2nd singular | uyagqwalisa, ugqwalisa | ogqwalisayo, ogqwalisa | ugqwalisa | awugqwalisi | ongagqwalisi | ungagqwalisi |
| 1st plural | siyagqwalisa, sigqwalisa | esigqwalisayo, esigqwalisa | sigqwalisa | asigqwalisi | esingagqwalisi | singagqwalisi |
| 2nd plural | niyagqwalisa, nigqwalisa | enigqwalisayo, enigqwalisa | nigqwalisa | anigqwalisi | eningagqwalisi | ningagqwalisi |
| Class 1 | uyagqwalisa, ugqwalisa | ogqwalisayo, ogqwalisa | egqwalisa | akagqwalisi | ongagqwalisi | engagqwalisi |
| Class 2 | bayagqwalisa, bagqwalisa | abagqwalisayo, abagqwalisa | begqwalisa | abagqwalisi | abangagqwalisi | bengagqwalisi |
| Class 3 | uyagqwalisa, ugqwalisa | ogqwalisayo, ogqwalisa | ugqwalisa | awugqwalisi | ongagqwalisi | ungagqwalisi |
| Class 4 | iyagqwalisa, igqwalisa | egqwalisayo, egqwalisa | igqwalisa | ayigqwalisi | engagqwalisi | ingagqwalisi |
| Class 5 | liyagqwalisa, ligqwalisa | eligqwalisayo, eligqwalisa | ligqwalisa | aligqwalisi | elingagqwalisi | lingagqwalisi |
| Class 6 | ayagqwalisa, agqwalisa | agqwalisayo, agqwalisa | egqwalisa | awagqwalisi | angagqwalisi | engagqwalisi |
| Class 7 | siyagqwalisa, sigqwalisa | esigqwalisayo, esigqwalisa | sigqwalisa | asigqwalisi | esingagqwalisi | singagqwalisi |
| Class 8 | ziyagqwalisa, zigqwalisa | ezigqwalisayo, ezigqwalisa | zigqwalisa | azigqwalisi | ezingagqwalisi | zingagqwalisi |
| Class 9 | iyagqwalisa, igqwalisa | egqwalisayo, egqwalisa | igqwalisa | ayigqwalisi | engagqwalisi | ingagqwalisi |
| Class 10 | ziyagqwalisa, zigqwalisa | ezigqwalisayo, ezigqwalisa | zigqwalisa | azigqwalisi | ezingagqwalisi | zingagqwalisi |
| Class 11 | luyagqwalisa, lugqwalisa | olugqwalisayo, olugqwalisa | lugqwalisa | alugqwalisi | olungagqwalisi | lungagqwalisi |
| Class 14 | buyagqwalisa, bugqwalisa | obugqwalisayo, obugqwalisa | bugqwalisa | abugqwalisi | obungagqwalisi | bungagqwalisi |
| Class 15 | kuyagqwalisa, kugqwalisa | okugqwalisayo, okugqwalisa | kugqwalisa | akugqwalisi | okungagqwalisi | kungagqwalisi |
| Class 17 | kuyagqwalisa, kugqwalisa | okugqwalisayo, okugqwalisa | kugqwalisa | akugqwalisi | okungagqwalisi | kungagqwalisi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngigqwalisile, ngigqwalisē | engigqwalisile, engigqwalisē | ngigqwalisile, ngigqwalisē | angigqwalisanga | engingagqwalisanga | ngingagqwalisanga |
| 2nd singular | ugqwalisile, ugqwalisē | ogqwalisile, ogqwalisē | ugqwalisile, ugqwalisē | awugqwalisanga | ongagqwalisanga | ungagqwalisanga |
| 1st plural | sigqwalisile, sigqwalisē | esigqwalisile, esigqwalisē | sigqwalisile, sigqwalisē | asigqwalisanga | esingagqwalisanga | singagqwalisanga |
| 2nd plural | nigqwalisile, nigqwalisē | enigqwalisile, enigqwalisē | nigqwalisile, nigqwalisē | anigqwalisanga | eningagqwalisanga | ningagqwalisanga |
| Class 1 | ugqwalisile, ugqwalisē | ogqwalisile, ogqwalisē | egqwalisile, egqwalisē | akagqwalisanga | ongagqwalisanga | engagqwalisanga |
| Class 2 | bagqwalisile, bagqwalisē | abagqwalisile, abagqwalisē | begqwalisile, begqwalisē | abagqwalisanga | abangagqwalisanga | bengagqwalisanga |
| Class 3 | ugqwalisile, ugqwalisē | ogqwalisile, ogqwalisē | ugqwalisile, ugqwalisē | awugqwalisanga | ongagqwalisanga | ungagqwalisanga |
| Class 4 | igqwalisile, igqwalisē | egqwalisile, egqwalisē | igqwalisile, igqwalisē | ayigqwalisanga | engagqwalisanga | ingagqwalisanga |
| Class 5 | ligqwalisile, ligqwalisē | eligqwalisile, eligqwalisē | ligqwalisile, ligqwalisē | aligqwalisanga | elingagqwalisanga | lingagqwalisanga |
| Class 6 | agqwalisile, agqwalisē | agqwalisile, agqwalisē | egqwalisile, egqwalisē | awagqwalisanga | angagqwalisanga | engagqwalisanga |
| Class 7 | sigqwalisile, sigqwalisē | esigqwalisile, esigqwalisē | sigqwalisile, sigqwalisē | asigqwalisanga | esingagqwalisanga | singagqwalisanga |
| Class 8 | zigqwalisile, zigqwalisē | ezigqwalisile, ezigqwalisē | zigqwalisile, zigqwalisē | azigqwalisanga | ezingagqwalisanga | zingagqwalisanga |
| Class 9 | igqwalisile, igqwalisē | egqwalisile, egqwalisē | igqwalisile, igqwalisē | ayigqwalisanga | engagqwalisanga | ingagqwalisanga |
| Class 10 | zigqwalisile, zigqwalisē | ezigqwalisile, ezigqwalisē | zigqwalisile, zigqwalisē | azigqwalisanga | ezingagqwalisanga | zingagqwalisanga |
| Class 11 | lugqwalisile, lugqwalisē | olugqwalisile, olugqwalisē | lugqwalisile, lugqwalisē | alugqwalisanga | olungagqwalisanga | lungagqwalisanga |
| Class 14 | bugqwalisile, bugqwalisē | obugqwalisile, obugqwalisē | bugqwalisile, bugqwalisē | abugqwalisanga | obungagqwalisanga | bungagqwalisanga |
| Class 15 | kugqwalisile, kugqwalisē | okugqwalisile, okugqwalisē | kugqwalisile, kugqwalisē | akugqwalisanga | okungagqwalisanga | kungagqwalisanga |
| Class 17 | kugqwalisile, kugqwalisē | okugqwalisile, okugqwalisē | kugqwalisile, kugqwalisē | akugqwalisanga | okungagqwalisanga | kungagqwalisanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāgqwalisa | engāgqwalisa | ngāgqwalisa | angigqwalisanga | engingagqwalisanga | ngingagqwalisanga |
| 2nd singular | wāgqwalisa | owāgqwalisa | wāgqwalisa | awugqwalisanga | ongagqwalisanga | ungagqwalisanga |
| 1st plural | sāgqwalisa | esāgqwalisa | sāgqwalisa | asigqwalisanga | esingagqwalisanga | singagqwalisanga |
| 2nd plural | nāgqwalisa | enāgqwalisa | nāgqwalisa | anigqwalisanga | eningagqwalisanga | ningagqwalisanga |
| Class 1 | wāgqwalisa | owāgqwalisa | āgqwalisa | akagqwalisanga | ongagqwalisanga | engagqwalisanga |
| Class 2 | bāgqwalisa | abāgqwalisa | bāgqwalisa | abagqwalisanga | abangagqwalisanga | bengagqwalisanga |
| Class 3 | wāgqwalisa | owāgqwalisa | wāgqwalisa | awugqwalisanga | ongagqwalisanga | ungagqwalisanga |
| Class 4 | yāgqwalisa | eyāgqwalisa | yāgqwalisa | ayigqwalisanga | engagqwalisanga | ingagqwalisanga |
| Class 5 | lāgqwalisa | elāgqwalisa | lāgqwalisa | aligqwalisanga | elingagqwalisanga | lingagqwalisanga |
| Class 6 | āgqwalisa | āgqwalisa | āgqwalisa | awagqwalisanga | angagqwalisanga | engagqwalisanga |
| Class 7 | sāgqwalisa | esāgqwalisa | sāgqwalisa | asigqwalisanga | esingagqwalisanga | singagqwalisanga |
| Class 8 | zāgqwalisa | ezāgqwalisa | zāgqwalisa | azigqwalisanga | ezingagqwalisanga | zingagqwalisanga |
| Class 9 | yāgqwalisa | eyāgqwalisa | yāgqwalisa | ayigqwalisanga | engagqwalisanga | ingagqwalisanga |
| Class 10 | zāgqwalisa | ezāgqwalisa | zāgqwalisa | azigqwalisanga | ezingagqwalisanga | zingagqwalisanga |
| Class 11 | lwāgqwalisa | olwāgqwalisa | lwāgqwalisa | alugqwalisanga | olungagqwalisanga | lungagqwalisanga |
| Class 14 | bāgqwalisa | obāgqwalisa | bāgqwalisa | abugqwalisanga | obungagqwalisanga | bungagqwalisanga |
| Class 15 | kwāgqwalisa | okwāgqwalisa | kwāgqwalisa | akugqwalisanga | okungagqwalisanga | kungagqwalisanga |
| Class 17 | kwāgqwalisa | okwāgqwalisa | kwāgqwalisa | akugqwalisanga | okungagqwalisanga | kungagqwalisanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingagqwalisa | — | ngingagqwalisa | ngingegqwalise | — | ngingegqwalise |
| 2nd singular | ungagqwalisa | — | ungagqwalisa | ungegqwalise | — | ungegqwalise |
| 1st plural | singagqwalisa | — | singagqwalisa | singegqwalise | — | singegqwalise |
| 2nd plural | ningagqwalisa | — | ningagqwalisa | ningegqwalise | — | ningegqwalise |
| Class 1 | angagqwalisa | — | engagqwalisa | angegqwalise | — | engegqwalise |
| Class 2 | bangagqwalisa | — | bengagqwalisa | bangegqwalise | — | bengegqwalise |
| Class 3 | ungagqwalisa | — | ungagqwalisa | ungegqwalise | — | ungegqwalise |
| Class 4 | ingagqwalisa | — | ingagqwalisa | ingegqwalise | — | ingegqwalise |
| Class 5 | lingagqwalisa | — | lingagqwalisa | lingegqwalise | — | lingegqwalise |
| Class 6 | angagqwalisa | — | engagqwalisa | angegqwalise | — | engegqwalise |
| Class 7 | singagqwalisa | — | singagqwalisa | singegqwalise | — | singegqwalise |
| Class 8 | zingagqwalisa | — | zingagqwalisa | zingegqwalise | — | zingegqwalise |
| Class 9 | ingagqwalisa | — | ingagqwalisa | ingegqwalise | — | ingegqwalise |
| Class 10 | zingagqwalisa | — | zingagqwalisa | zingegqwalise | — | zingegqwalise |
| Class 11 | lungagqwalisa | — | lungagqwalisa | lungegqwalise | — | lungegqwalise |
| Class 14 | bungagqwalisa | — | bungagqwalisa | bungegqwalise | — | bungegqwalise |
| Class 15 | kungagqwalisa | — | kungagqwalisa | kungegqwalise | — | kungegqwalise |
| Class 17 | kungagqwalisa | — | kungagqwalisa | kungegqwalise | — | kungegqwalise |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizogqwalisa | engizogqwalisa | ngizogqwalisa | angizugqwalisa | engingezugqwalisa | ngingezugqwalisa |
| 2nd singular | uzogqwalisa | ozogqwalisa | uzogqwalisa | awuzugqwalisa | ongezugqwalisa | ungezugqwalisa |
| 1st plural | sizogqwalisa | esizogqwalisa | sizogqwalisa | asizugqwalisa | esingezugqwalisa | singezugqwalisa |
| 2nd plural | nizogqwalisa | enizogqwalisa | nizogqwalisa | anizugqwalisa | eningezugqwalisa | ningezugqwalisa |
| Class 1 | uzogqwalisa | ozogqwalisa | ezogqwalisa | akazugqwalisa | ongezugqwalisa | engezugqwalisa |
| Class 2 | bazogqwalisa | abazogqwalisa | bezogqwalisa | abazugqwalisa | abangezugqwalisa | bengezugqwalisa |
| Class 3 | uzogqwalisa | ozogqwalisa | uzogqwalisa | awuzugqwalisa | ongezugqwalisa | ungezugqwalisa |
| Class 4 | izogqwalisa | ezogqwalisa | izogqwalisa | ayizugqwalisa | engezugqwalisa | ingezugqwalisa |
| Class 5 | lizogqwalisa | elizogqwalisa | lizogqwalisa | alizugqwalisa | elingezugqwalisa | lingezugqwalisa |
| Class 6 | azogqwalisa | azogqwalisa | ezogqwalisa | awazugqwalisa | angezugqwalisa | engezugqwalisa |
| Class 7 | sizogqwalisa | esizogqwalisa | sizogqwalisa | asizugqwalisa | esingezugqwalisa | singezugqwalisa |
| Class 8 | zizogqwalisa | ezizogqwalisa | zizogqwalisa | azizugqwalisa | ezingezugqwalisa | zingezugqwalisa |
| Class 9 | izogqwalisa | ezogqwalisa | izogqwalisa | ayizugqwalisa | engezugqwalisa | ingezugqwalisa |
| Class 10 | zizogqwalisa | ezizogqwalisa | zizogqwalisa | azizugqwalisa | ezingezugqwalisa | zingezugqwalisa |
| Class 11 | luzogqwalisa | oluzogqwalisa | luzogqwalisa | aluzugqwalisa | olungezugqwalisa | lungezugqwalisa |
| Class 14 | buzogqwalisa | obuzogqwalisa | buzogqwalisa | abuzugqwalisa | obungezugqwalisa | bungezugqwalisa |
| Class 15 | kuzogqwalisa | okuzogqwalisa | kuzogqwalisa | akuzugqwalisa | okungezugqwalisa | kungezugqwalisa |
| Class 17 | kuzogqwalisa | okuzogqwalisa | kuzogqwalisa | akuzugqwalisa | okungezugqwalisa | kungezugqwalisa |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyogqwalisa | engiyogqwalisa | ngiyogqwalisa | angiyugqwalisa | engingeyugqwalisa | ngingeyugqwalisa |
| 2nd singular | uyogqwalisa | oyogqwalisa | uyogqwalisa | awuyugqwalisa | ongeyugqwalisa | ungeyugqwalisa |
| 1st plural | siyogqwalisa | esiyogqwalisa | siyogqwalisa | asiyugqwalisa | esingeyugqwalisa | singeyugqwalisa |
| 2nd plural | niyogqwalisa | eniyogqwalisa | niyogqwalisa | aniyugqwalisa | eningeyugqwalisa | ningeyugqwalisa |
| Class 1 | uyogqwalisa | oyogqwalisa | eyogqwalisa | akayugqwalisa | ongeyugqwalisa | engeyugqwalisa |
| Class 2 | bayogqwalisa | abayogqwalisa | beyogqwalisa | abayugqwalisa | abangeyugqwalisa | bengeyugqwalisa |
| Class 3 | uyogqwalisa | oyogqwalisa | uyogqwalisa | awuyugqwalisa | ongeyugqwalisa | ungeyugqwalisa |
| Class 4 | iyogqwalisa | eyogqwalisa | iyogqwalisa | ayiyugqwalisa | engeyugqwalisa | ingeyugqwalisa |
| Class 5 | liyogqwalisa | eliyogqwalisa | liyogqwalisa | aliyugqwalisa | elingeyugqwalisa | lingeyugqwalisa |
| Class 6 | ayogqwalisa | ayogqwalisa | eyogqwalisa | awayugqwalisa | angeyugqwalisa | engeyugqwalisa |
| Class 7 | siyogqwalisa | esiyogqwalisa | siyogqwalisa | asiyugqwalisa | esingeyugqwalisa | singeyugqwalisa |
| Class 8 | ziyogqwalisa | eziyogqwalisa | ziyogqwalisa | aziyugqwalisa | ezingeyugqwalisa | zingeyugqwalisa |
| Class 9 | iyogqwalisa | eyogqwalisa | iyogqwalisa | ayiyugqwalisa | engeyugqwalisa | ingeyugqwalisa |
| Class 10 | ziyogqwalisa | eziyogqwalisa | ziyogqwalisa | aziyugqwalisa | ezingeyugqwalisa | zingeyugqwalisa |
| Class 11 | luyogqwalisa | oluyogqwalisa | luyogqwalisa | aluyugqwalisa | olungeyugqwalisa | lungeyugqwalisa |
| Class 14 | buyogqwalisa | obuyogqwalisa | buyogqwalisa | abuyugqwalisa | obungeyugqwalisa | bungeyugqwalisa |
| Class 15 | kuyogqwalisa | okuyogqwalisa | kuyogqwalisa | akuyugqwalisa | okungeyugqwalisa | kungeyugqwalisa |
| Class 17 | kuyogqwalisa | okuyogqwalisa | kuyogqwalisa | akuyugqwalisa | okungeyugqwalisa | kungeyugqwalisa |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngigqwalise | ngingagqwalisi |
| 2nd singular | ugqwalise | ungagqwalisi |
| 1st plural | sigqwalise | singagqwalisi |
| 2nd plural | nigqwalise | ningagqwalisi |
| Class 1 | agqwalise | angagqwalisi |
| Class 2 | bagqwalise | bangagqwalisi |
| Class 3 | ugqwalise | ungagqwalisi |
| Class 4 | igqwalise | ingagqwalisi |
| Class 5 | ligqwalise | lingagqwalisi |
| Class 6 | agqwalise | angagqwalisi |
| Class 7 | sigqwalise | singagqwalisi |
| Class 8 | zigqwalise | zingagqwalisi |
| Class 9 | igqwalise | ingagqwalisi |
| Class 10 | zigqwalise | zingagqwalisi |
| Class 11 | lugqwalise | lungagqwalisi |
| Class 14 | bugqwalise | bungagqwalisi |
| Class 15 | kugqwalise | kungagqwalisi |
| Class 17 | kugqwalise | kungagqwalisi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngagqwalisa | ngangagqwalisa, angagqwalisa, angangagqwalisa |
| 2nd singular | wagqwalisa | wangagqwalisa, awagqwalisa, awangagqwalisa |
| 1st plural | sagqwalisa | sangagqwalisa, asagqwalisa, asangagqwalisa |
| 2nd plural | nagqwalisa | nangagqwalisa, anagqwalisa, anangagqwalisa |
| Class 1 | wagqwalisa | wangagqwalisa, akagqwalisa, akangagqwalisa |
| Class 2 | bagqwalisa | bangagqwalisa, abagqwalisa, abangagqwalisa |
| Class 3 | wagqwalisa | wangagqwalisa, awagqwalisa, awangagqwalisa |
| Class 4 | yagqwalisa | yangagqwalisa, ayagqwalisa, ayangagqwalisa |
| Class 5 | lagqwalisa | langagqwalisa, alagqwalisa, alangagqwalisa |
| Class 6 | agqwalisa | angagqwalisa, awagqwalisa, awangagqwalisa |
| Class 7 | sagqwalisa | sangagqwalisa, asagqwalisa, asangagqwalisa |
| Class 8 | zagqwalisa | zangagqwalisa, azagqwalisa, azangagqwalisa |
| Class 9 | yagqwalisa | yangagqwalisa, ayagqwalisa, ayangagqwalisa |
| Class 10 | zagqwalisa | zangagqwalisa, azagqwalisa, azangagqwalisa |
| Class 11 | lwagqwalisa | lwangagqwalisa, alwagqwalisa, alwangagqwalisa |
| Class 14 | bagqwalisa | bangagqwalisa, abagqwalisa, abangagqwalisa |
| Class 15 | kwagqwalisa | kwangagqwalisa, akwagqwalisa, akwangagqwalisa |
| Class 17 | kwagqwalisa | kwangagqwalisa, akwagqwalisa, akwangagqwalisa |