# 無花果
## Chinese

* 無花果 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 無花果 (Cantonese)
* vù-fâ-kó (Hakka)
* ù-huă-guō (Eastern Min)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wúhuāguǒ
       (Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄍㄨㄛˇ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вухуагуә (vuhuaguə, I-I-II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mou$^4$ faa$^1$ gwo$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): mu$^3$ fa$^1$ go$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vù-fâ-kó
* Jin (Wiktionary): vu$^1$ hua$^1$ gue$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): mǎu-huá-guǎ
* Eastern Min (BUC): ù-huă-guō
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bû-hoa-kó / bô-hoa-kó / bô-hoe-kó
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bho$^5$ huê$^1$ guê$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$wu-ho-ku
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wúhuāguǒ
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄍㄨㄛˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wúhuaguǒ
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^2$-hua$^1$-kuo$^3$
*** Yale: wú-hwā-gwǒ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuhuaguoo
*** Palladius: ухуаго (uxuago)
*** Sinological IPA : /u³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: вухуагуә (vuhuaguə, I-I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /vou²⁴ xua²⁴ kuə⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^4$ faa$^1$ gwo$^2$
*** Yale: mòuh fā gwó
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^4$ faa$^1$ gwo$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^4$ fa$^1$ guo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²¹ faː⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: mu$^3$ fa$^1$ go$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbu²² fa³³ kᵘɔ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vù-fâ-kó
*** Hakka Romanization System: vu$^ˇ$ fa$^ˊ$ go$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vu$^2$ fa$^1$ go$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /vu¹¹ fa²⁴ ko³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: vu$^1$ hua$^1$ gue$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style, no sandhi): /vu¹¹ xua¹¹ kuɤ⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǎu-huá-guǎ
*** Sinological IPA : /mau²¹ xua⁵⁴ kua²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ù-huă-guō
*** Sinological IPA : /u⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(h-)}$ua⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(k-)}$uo³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bû-hoa-kó
*** Tâi-lô: bû-hua-kó
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bu'hoa'koir
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu²³⁻³³ hua⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Singapore): /bu²⁴⁻²¹ hua⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bu²⁴⁻¹¹ hua⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô-hoa-kó
*** Tâi-lô: bô-hua-kó
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boi'hoa'koir
*** IPA (Singapore): /bo²⁴⁻²¹ hua⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴²/
** (Hokkien: Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô-hoe-kó
*** Tâi-lô: bô-hue-kó
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boi'hoe'koir
*** IPA (Singapore): /bo²⁴⁻²¹ hue⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bho$^5$ huê$^1$ guê$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bô hue kué
*** Sinological IPA : /bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue³³⁻²³ kue⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$wu-ho-ku
*** MiniDict: wu$^去$ ho ku
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhu-ho-ku
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²² ho⁵⁵ ku²¹/

### Noun

無花果
* fig
** (Can we date this quote?), 《英語撮要》, page 66:
       ni$^1$ syu$^3$ jau$^5$ mou$^4$ faa$^1$ gwo$^2$ saang$^1$ mou$^5$ ne$^1$ [Jyutping]
       Do figs grow in this country?

#### Synonyms

* 映日果 (yìngrìguǒ)
* 阿驛／阿驿 (āyì)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 無花果 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 無花果 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 無花果 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 無花果 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 無花果兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 無花果 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 無花果 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 無花果 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 無花果 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 無花果 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 無花果 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 無花果 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 無花果 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 無花果 |
| Gan | Pengze | 無花果 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 無花果 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 無花果 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 無花果 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 無花果 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 無花果 |

#### Derived terms

* 無花果章／无花果章 (“The Fig, the ninety-fifth sura of the Qur'an”)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 無花果(むかか) (mukaka)
* → Korean: 무화과(無花果) (muhwagwa)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 無 | 花 | 果 |
| いちじく |||
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 1 | Grade: 4 |
| jukujikun |||
* Alternative spellings
* 映日果 一熟
The kanji spelling 無 (“no”) + 花 (“flower”) + 果 (“fruit”) is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), to denote a tree that bears fruit without flowering. The いちじく (ichijiku) reading is possibly a Japanese corruption of Middle Chinese 映日果 (ʔˠiæŋ$^H$ ȵiɪt̚ kuɑ$^X$, “fig”), itself a transcription of Persian انجیر (anjir, “fig”) + 果 (kuɑ$^X$).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いちじく [ìchíꜜjìkù] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [it͡ɕiʑikɯ̟]

#### Noun

無花果(いちじく) • (ichijiku)
* fig tree

##### Synonyms

* 映(えい)日(じつ)果(か) (eijitsuka)

##### Derived terms

* 無花果(いちじく)果(か) (ichijikuka, “syconium”)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 無 | 花 | 果 |
| む Grade: 4 | か Grade: 1 | か Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi |||
From Middle Chinese 無花果 (mɨo hˠua kuɑ$^X$).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) むかか [mùkáꜜkà] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [mɯ̟ka̠ka̠]

#### Noun

無(む)花(か)果(か) • (mukaka)
* fig tree

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

### Further reading

* Nihon Jiten entry (in Japanese)
* Gogen Allguide entry (in Japanese)
* Appendix:Gikun Usage in Meiji Version of Japanese Bible/無花果樹

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 無 | 花 | 果 |

### Noun

無花果 • (muhwagwa) (hangeul 무화과)
* hanja form of 무화과 (“fig”)