# ithid
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɪhɪdʲ/

### Verb

ithid
* (archaic, Munster) third-person plural present indicative/subjunctive of ith

### Mutation
## Middle Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish ithid.

### Pronunciation

* (earlier) IPA: /ˈiθʲiðʲ/
* (later) IPA: /ˈihʲiɣʲ/

### Verb

ithid (verbal noun ithe)
* to eat
** c. 1000, anonymous author, edited by Rudolf Thurneysen, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Stationery Office, published 1935, § 1, page 2, line 14:In fer no·t⟨h⟩ēged iarsint ṡligi do·bered in n-aēl isin coiri, ocus a·taibred din chētgabāil, iss ed no·ithed.Each man who came along the passage would put the flesh-fork into the cauldron, and whatever he got at the first taking, it was that which he ate. (literally, “The man who…”)

#### Conjugation

* Third-person singular imperfect indicative: ·ithed

#### Descendants

* Irish: ith
* Manx: ee
* Scottish Gaelic: ith

### Mutation
## Old Irish
### Etymology

A suppletive verb.
* All forms except for the present, imperfect, and the verbal noun are from forms of Proto-Celtic *essi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-.
** The perfect forms are from dí- +‎ fo- + Proto-Celtic *āde (preterite of *essi), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁e-h₁od-e.
** The subjunctive forms are from Proto-Celtic *esseti, s-subjunctive of *essi.
** The future forms are from Proto-Celtic *īsseti, reduplicated s-future of *essi, with *ī from Proto-Indo-European *h₁i-h₁e-. The future is inflected like an a-subjunctive, not like a regular s-future.
* The verbal noun is from Proto-Celtic *ɸityā, derived from Proto-Indo-European *peyt- (“to nourish, feed”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic питѣти (pitěti, “nourish”) and Sanskrit पितु (pitú, “food”). ith (“grain”) is from this same root.
* The present and imperfect stems ith- and eth- are back-formed from the verbal noun.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈiθʲiðʲ]

### Verb

ithid (verbal noun ithe)
* to eat
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 102$^a$15
    Itius anúas ⁊ dus·claid anís; air ní foircnea in fíni hithe neich di anúas, amal du·ngní int aīs sechmaill as·mbeir-som .i. air is cuit adaill ad·n-ellat-sidi in fíni du thabairt neich doib dia thorud.They eat it from above and he roots it up from below; for it does not exterminate the vine to eat of anything of it from above, as do the passers-by whom he speaks of, i.e. for it is only a passing visit that they make [lit: ‘that they visit’] to the vine to take something for themselves of its fruit.

#### Conjugation

| | | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. |
| Present indicative | Abs. | ithim | | ithid | | ithit, ethait; itius (with suffixed pronoun -us) | ethair |
| Present indicative | Conj. | | | | | ·ethat | |
| Present indicative | Rel. | | | ithes | | | |
| Imperfect indicative | Imperfect indicative | | | ·ithed, ·ethad | | ·ittis, ·ithitis | |
| Preterite | Abs. | | | | | | |
| Preterite | Conj. | | | | | | |
| Preterite | Rel. | | | | | | |
| Perfect | Deut. | | | do·fúaid | | | |
| Perfect | Prot. | | | ·dóid, ·dúaid | | | ·dóes |
| Future | Abs. | | | íssaid | | | |
| Future | Conj. | ·íss | ·íssae | | | ·íssat | |
| Future | Rel. | | | | | ístae | |
| Conditional | Conditional | ·íssainn | | ·íssad | | ·ístais | |
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | do·essur (perfective) | | estir; do·estar (perfective) | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Conj. | ·essur; ·dóesur (perfective) | | ·estar | ·essamar; ·dessamar (perfective) | ·essatar | |
| Present subjunctive | Rel. | | | | | | |
| Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive | | ·esta | ·essad | | ·estais | |
| Imperative | Imperative | | ith | ithed | etham | ethat | |
| Verbal noun | Verbal noun | ithe | | | | | |
| Past participle | Past participle | eisib (dative plural) | | | | | |
| Verbal of necessity | Verbal of necessity | | | | | | |

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: ithid
** Irish: ith
** Manx: ee
** Scottish Gaelic: ith