# gqula
## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ᶢǃʱuːla/

### Verb

-gqûla
* (transitive) to knock against
* (transitive) to prod, to poke, to thrust, to jab

#### Inflection

Tone HH :
| Infinitive | ukugqula |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukugqula | ukungagquli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | gqula | -gqule |
| Plural | gqulani | -gquleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyagqula, ngigqula | engigqulayo, engigqula | ngigqula | angigquli | engingagquli | ngingagquli |
| 2nd singular | uyagqula, ugqula | ogqulayo, ogqula | ugqula | awugquli | ongagquli | ungagquli |
| 1st plural | siyagqula, sigqula | esigqulayo, esigqula | sigqula | asigquli | esingagquli | singagquli |
| 2nd plural | niyagqula, nigqula | enigqulayo, enigqula | nigqula | anigquli | eningagquli | ningagquli |
| Class 1 | uyagqula, ugqula | ogqulayo, ogqula | egqula | akagquli | ongagquli | engagquli |
| Class 2 | bayagqula, bagqula | abagqulayo, abagqula | begqula | abagquli | abangagquli | bengagquli |
| Class 3 | uyagqula, ugqula | ogqulayo, ogqula | ugqula | awugquli | ongagquli | ungagquli |
| Class 4 | iyagqula, igqula | egqulayo, egqula | igqula | ayigquli | engagquli | ingagquli |
| Class 5 | liyagqula, ligqula | eligqulayo, eligqula | ligqula | aligquli | elingagquli | lingagquli |
| Class 6 | ayagqula, agqula | agqulayo, agqula | egqula | awagquli | angagquli | engagquli |
| Class 7 | siyagqula, sigqula | esigqulayo, esigqula | sigqula | asigquli | esingagquli | singagquli |
| Class 8 | ziyagqula, zigqula | ezigqulayo, ezigqula | zigqula | azigquli | ezingagquli | zingagquli |
| Class 9 | iyagqula, igqula | egqulayo, egqula | igqula | ayigquli | engagquli | ingagquli |
| Class 10 | ziyagqula, zigqula | ezigqulayo, ezigqula | zigqula | azigquli | ezingagquli | zingagquli |
| Class 11 | luyagqula, lugqula | olugqulayo, olugqula | lugqula | alugquli | olungagquli | lungagquli |
| Class 14 | buyagqula, bugqula | obugqulayo, obugqula | bugqula | abugquli | obungagquli | bungagquli |
| Class 15 | kuyagqula, kugqula | okugqulayo, okugqula | kugqula | akugquli | okungagquli | kungagquli |
| Class 17 | kuyagqula, kugqula | okugqulayo, okugqula | kugqula | akugquli | okungagquli | kungagquli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngigqulile, ngigqulē | engigqulile, engigqulē | ngigqulile, ngigqulē | angigqulanga | engingagqulanga | ngingagqulanga |
| 2nd singular | ugqulile, ugqulē | ogqulile, ogqulē | ugqulile, ugqulē | awugqulanga | ongagqulanga | ungagqulanga |
| 1st plural | sigqulile, sigqulē | esigqulile, esigqulē | sigqulile, sigqulē | asigqulanga | esingagqulanga | singagqulanga |
| 2nd plural | nigqulile, nigqulē | enigqulile, enigqulē | nigqulile, nigqulē | anigqulanga | eningagqulanga | ningagqulanga |
| Class 1 | ugqulile, ugqulē | ogqulile, ogqulē | egqulile, egqulē | akagqulanga | ongagqulanga | engagqulanga |
| Class 2 | bagqulile, bagqulē | abagqulile, abagqulē | begqulile, begqulē | abagqulanga | abangagqulanga | bengagqulanga |
| Class 3 | ugqulile, ugqulē | ogqulile, ogqulē | ugqulile, ugqulē | awugqulanga | ongagqulanga | ungagqulanga |
| Class 4 | igqulile, igqulē | egqulile, egqulē | igqulile, igqulē | ayigqulanga | engagqulanga | ingagqulanga |
| Class 5 | ligqulile, ligqulē | eligqulile, eligqulē | ligqulile, ligqulē | aligqulanga | elingagqulanga | lingagqulanga |
| Class 6 | agqulile, agqulē | agqulile, agqulē | egqulile, egqulē | awagqulanga | angagqulanga | engagqulanga |
| Class 7 | sigqulile, sigqulē | esigqulile, esigqulē | sigqulile, sigqulē | asigqulanga | esingagqulanga | singagqulanga |
| Class 8 | zigqulile, zigqulē | ezigqulile, ezigqulē | zigqulile, zigqulē | azigqulanga | ezingagqulanga | zingagqulanga |
| Class 9 | igqulile, igqulē | egqulile, egqulē | igqulile, igqulē | ayigqulanga | engagqulanga | ingagqulanga |
| Class 10 | zigqulile, zigqulē | ezigqulile, ezigqulē | zigqulile, zigqulē | azigqulanga | ezingagqulanga | zingagqulanga |
| Class 11 | lugqulile, lugqulē | olugqulile, olugqulē | lugqulile, lugqulē | alugqulanga | olungagqulanga | lungagqulanga |
| Class 14 | bugqulile, bugqulē | obugqulile, obugqulē | bugqulile, bugqulē | abugqulanga | obungagqulanga | bungagqulanga |
| Class 15 | kugqulile, kugqulē | okugqulile, okugqulē | kugqulile, kugqulē | akugqulanga | okungagqulanga | kungagqulanga |
| Class 17 | kugqulile, kugqulē | okugqulile, okugqulē | kugqulile, kugqulē | akugqulanga | okungagqulanga | kungagqulanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāgqula | engāgqula | ngāgqula | angigqulanga | engingagqulanga | ngingagqulanga |
| 2nd singular | wāgqula | owāgqula | wāgqula | awugqulanga | ongagqulanga | ungagqulanga |
| 1st plural | sāgqula | esāgqula | sāgqula | asigqulanga | esingagqulanga | singagqulanga |
| 2nd plural | nāgqula | enāgqula | nāgqula | anigqulanga | eningagqulanga | ningagqulanga |
| Class 1 | wāgqula | owāgqula | āgqula | akagqulanga | ongagqulanga | engagqulanga |
| Class 2 | bāgqula | abāgqula | bāgqula | abagqulanga | abangagqulanga | bengagqulanga |
| Class 3 | wāgqula | owāgqula | wāgqula | awugqulanga | ongagqulanga | ungagqulanga |
| Class 4 | yāgqula | eyāgqula | yāgqula | ayigqulanga | engagqulanga | ingagqulanga |
| Class 5 | lāgqula | elāgqula | lāgqula | aligqulanga | elingagqulanga | lingagqulanga |
| Class 6 | āgqula | āgqula | āgqula | awagqulanga | angagqulanga | engagqulanga |
| Class 7 | sāgqula | esāgqula | sāgqula | asigqulanga | esingagqulanga | singagqulanga |
| Class 8 | zāgqula | ezāgqula | zāgqula | azigqulanga | ezingagqulanga | zingagqulanga |
| Class 9 | yāgqula | eyāgqula | yāgqula | ayigqulanga | engagqulanga | ingagqulanga |
| Class 10 | zāgqula | ezāgqula | zāgqula | azigqulanga | ezingagqulanga | zingagqulanga |
| Class 11 | lwāgqula | olwāgqula | lwāgqula | alugqulanga | olungagqulanga | lungagqulanga |
| Class 14 | bāgqula | obāgqula | bāgqula | abugqulanga | obungagqulanga | bungagqulanga |
| Class 15 | kwāgqula | okwāgqula | kwāgqula | akugqulanga | okungagqulanga | kungagqulanga |
| Class 17 | kwāgqula | okwāgqula | kwāgqula | akugqulanga | okungagqulanga | kungagqulanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingagqula | — | ngingagqula | ngingegqule | — | ngingegqule |
| 2nd singular | ungagqula | — | ungagqula | ungegqule | — | ungegqule |
| 1st plural | singagqula | — | singagqula | singegqule | — | singegqule |
| 2nd plural | ningagqula | — | ningagqula | ningegqule | — | ningegqule |
| Class 1 | angagqula | — | engagqula | angegqule | — | engegqule |
| Class 2 | bangagqula | — | bengagqula | bangegqule | — | bengegqule |
| Class 3 | ungagqula | — | ungagqula | ungegqule | — | ungegqule |
| Class 4 | ingagqula | — | ingagqula | ingegqule | — | ingegqule |
| Class 5 | lingagqula | — | lingagqula | lingegqule | — | lingegqule |
| Class 6 | angagqula | — | engagqula | angegqule | — | engegqule |
| Class 7 | singagqula | — | singagqula | singegqule | — | singegqule |
| Class 8 | zingagqula | — | zingagqula | zingegqule | — | zingegqule |
| Class 9 | ingagqula | — | ingagqula | ingegqule | — | ingegqule |
| Class 10 | zingagqula | — | zingagqula | zingegqule | — | zingegqule |
| Class 11 | lungagqula | — | lungagqula | lungegqule | — | lungegqule |
| Class 14 | bungagqula | — | bungagqula | bungegqule | — | bungegqule |
| Class 15 | kungagqula | — | kungagqula | kungegqule | — | kungegqule |
| Class 17 | kungagqula | — | kungagqula | kungegqule | — | kungegqule |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizogqula | engizogqula | ngizogqula | angizugqula | engingezugqula | ngingezugqula |
| 2nd singular | uzogqula | ozogqula | uzogqula | awuzugqula | ongezugqula | ungezugqula |
| 1st plural | sizogqula | esizogqula | sizogqula | asizugqula | esingezugqula | singezugqula |
| 2nd plural | nizogqula | enizogqula | nizogqula | anizugqula | eningezugqula | ningezugqula |
| Class 1 | uzogqula | ozogqula | ezogqula | akazugqula | ongezugqula | engezugqula |
| Class 2 | bazogqula | abazogqula | bezogqula | abazugqula | abangezugqula | bengezugqula |
| Class 3 | uzogqula | ozogqula | uzogqula | awuzugqula | ongezugqula | ungezugqula |
| Class 4 | izogqula | ezogqula | izogqula | ayizugqula | engezugqula | ingezugqula |
| Class 5 | lizogqula | elizogqula | lizogqula | alizugqula | elingezugqula | lingezugqula |
| Class 6 | azogqula | azogqula | ezogqula | awazugqula | angezugqula | engezugqula |
| Class 7 | sizogqula | esizogqula | sizogqula | asizugqula | esingezugqula | singezugqula |
| Class 8 | zizogqula | ezizogqula | zizogqula | azizugqula | ezingezugqula | zingezugqula |
| Class 9 | izogqula | ezogqula | izogqula | ayizugqula | engezugqula | ingezugqula |
| Class 10 | zizogqula | ezizogqula | zizogqula | azizugqula | ezingezugqula | zingezugqula |
| Class 11 | luzogqula | oluzogqula | luzogqula | aluzugqula | olungezugqula | lungezugqula |
| Class 14 | buzogqula | obuzogqula | buzogqula | abuzugqula | obungezugqula | bungezugqula |
| Class 15 | kuzogqula | okuzogqula | kuzogqula | akuzugqula | okungezugqula | kungezugqula |
| Class 17 | kuzogqula | okuzogqula | kuzogqula | akuzugqula | okungezugqula | kungezugqula |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyogqula | engiyogqula | ngiyogqula | angiyugqula | engingeyugqula | ngingeyugqula |
| 2nd singular | uyogqula | oyogqula | uyogqula | awuyugqula | ongeyugqula | ungeyugqula |
| 1st plural | siyogqula | esiyogqula | siyogqula | asiyugqula | esingeyugqula | singeyugqula |
| 2nd plural | niyogqula | eniyogqula | niyogqula | aniyugqula | eningeyugqula | ningeyugqula |
| Class 1 | uyogqula | oyogqula | eyogqula | akayugqula | ongeyugqula | engeyugqula |
| Class 2 | bayogqula | abayogqula | beyogqula | abayugqula | abangeyugqula | bengeyugqula |
| Class 3 | uyogqula | oyogqula | uyogqula | awuyugqula | ongeyugqula | ungeyugqula |
| Class 4 | iyogqula | eyogqula | iyogqula | ayiyugqula | engeyugqula | ingeyugqula |
| Class 5 | liyogqula | eliyogqula | liyogqula | aliyugqula | elingeyugqula | lingeyugqula |
| Class 6 | ayogqula | ayogqula | eyogqula | awayugqula | angeyugqula | engeyugqula |
| Class 7 | siyogqula | esiyogqula | siyogqula | asiyugqula | esingeyugqula | singeyugqula |
| Class 8 | ziyogqula | eziyogqula | ziyogqula | aziyugqula | ezingeyugqula | zingeyugqula |
| Class 9 | iyogqula | eyogqula | iyogqula | ayiyugqula | engeyugqula | ingeyugqula |
| Class 10 | ziyogqula | eziyogqula | ziyogqula | aziyugqula | ezingeyugqula | zingeyugqula |
| Class 11 | luyogqula | oluyogqula | luyogqula | aluyugqula | olungeyugqula | lungeyugqula |
| Class 14 | buyogqula | obuyogqula | buyogqula | abuyugqula | obungeyugqula | bungeyugqula |
| Class 15 | kuyogqula | okuyogqula | kuyogqula | akuyugqula | okungeyugqula | kungeyugqula |
| Class 17 | kuyogqula | okuyogqula | kuyogqula | akuyugqula | okungeyugqula | kungeyugqula |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngigqule | ngingagquli |
| 2nd singular | ugqule | ungagquli |
| 1st plural | sigqule | singagquli |
| 2nd plural | nigqule | ningagquli |
| Class 1 | agqule | angagquli |
| Class 2 | bagqule | bangagquli |
| Class 3 | ugqule | ungagquli |
| Class 4 | igqule | ingagquli |
| Class 5 | ligqule | lingagquli |
| Class 6 | agqule | angagquli |
| Class 7 | sigqule | singagquli |
| Class 8 | zigqule | zingagquli |
| Class 9 | igqule | ingagquli |
| Class 10 | zigqule | zingagquli |
| Class 11 | lugqule | lungagquli |
| Class 14 | bugqule | bungagquli |
| Class 15 | kugqule | kungagquli |
| Class 17 | kugqule | kungagquli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngagqula | ngangagqula, angagqula, angangagqula |
| 2nd singular | wagqula | wangagqula, awagqula, awangagqula |
| 1st plural | sagqula | sangagqula, asagqula, asangagqula |
| 2nd plural | nagqula | nangagqula, anagqula, anangagqula |
| Class 1 | wagqula | wangagqula, akagqula, akangagqula |
| Class 2 | bagqula | bangagqula, abagqula, abangagqula |
| Class 3 | wagqula | wangagqula, awagqula, awangagqula |
| Class 4 | yagqula | yangagqula, ayagqula, ayangagqula |
| Class 5 | lagqula | langagqula, alagqula, alangagqula |
| Class 6 | agqula | angagqula, awagqula, awangagqula |
| Class 7 | sagqula | sangagqula, asagqula, asangagqula |
| Class 8 | zagqula | zangagqula, azagqula, azangagqula |
| Class 9 | yagqula | yangagqula, ayagqula, ayangagqula |
| Class 10 | zagqula | zangagqula, azagqula, azangagqula |
| Class 11 | lwagqula | lwangagqula, alwagqula, alwangagqula |
| Class 14 | bagqula | bangagqula, abagqula, abangagqula |
| Class 15 | kwagqula | kwangagqula, akwagqula, akwangagqula |
| Class 17 | kwagqula | kwangagqula, akwagqula, akwangagqula |

#### Derived terms

* umgqulo

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gqula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gqula (3.9)”