# 莨

| 莨 | U+83A8, &#33704; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83A8 |
| ← 莧 [U+83A7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 莩 → [U+83A9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

莨 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿戈日女 (TIAV), four-corner 4473$_2$, composition ⿱艹良)

#### Derived characters

* 𢳑

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1035, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31075
* Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3225, character 11
* Unihan data for U+83A8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 莨 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 剆 | *raːl, *raːlʔ |
| 郎 | *raːŋ |
| 稂 | *raːŋ |
| 桹 | *raːŋ |
| 鋃 | *raːŋ |
| 硠 | *raːŋ |
| 浪 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 蜋 | *raːŋ, *raŋ |
| 琅 | *raːŋ |
| 狼 | *raːŋ |
| 欴 | *raːŋ |
| 踉 | *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs |
| 莨 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 艆 | *raːŋ |
| 駺 | *raːŋ |
| 躴 | *raːŋ |
| 筤 | *raːŋ |
| 閬 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 哴 | *raːŋ, *raŋs |
| 蓈 | *raːŋ |
| 廊 | *raːŋ |
| 榔 | *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ |
| 螂 | *raːŋ |
| 瑯 | *raːŋ |
| 朗 | *raːŋʔ |
| 朖 | *raːŋʔ |
| 誏 | *raːŋʔ |
| 俍 | *raːŋʔ |
| 崀 | *raːŋʔ |
| 埌 | *raːŋs |
| 蒗 | *raːŋs |
| 娘 | *naŋ |
| 良 | *raŋ |
| 粮 | *raŋ |
| 悢 | *raŋs |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): làng (lang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): long$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: làng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: làng
*** Wade–Giles: lang$^4$
*** Yale: làng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lanq
*** Palladius: лан (lan)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: long$^6$
*** Yale: lohng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: long$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: long$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːŋ²²/
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*raːŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 莨 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 8043 |
| Phonetic component | 良 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 浪 |
| Old Chinese | /*raːŋs/ |
| Notes | 原下從閬，史記作此 |

#### Definitions

莨
* Only used in 莨菪 (làngdàng).

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liáng (liang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liáng
*** Wade–Giles: liang$^2$
*** Yale: lyáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liang
*** Palladius: лян (ljan)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: loeng$^4$
*** Yale: lèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lœːŋ²¹/

#### Definitions

莨
* Only used in 薯莨 (shǔliáng) and 莨綢／莨绸 (liángchóu).

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): láng (lang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: láng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: láng
*** Wade–Giles: lang$^2$
*** Yale: láng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lang
*** Palladius: лан (lan)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: lang
Rime :
| Character | 莨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 魯當切 |
| Baxter | lang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /laŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /lɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | láng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | long$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*raːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 莨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 8022 |
| Phonetic component | 良 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 郎 |
| Old Chinese | /*raːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

莨
* Chinese pennisetum (Pennisetum alopecuroides)
* foxtail millet (Setaria italica)

### References

* “莨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* tobacco

#### Readings

* Go-on: ろう (rō)
* Kan-on: ろう (rō)
* Kun: たばこ (tabako, 莨)

### Definitions

* Kanji in this term
* 莨
* たばこ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 莨 – see the following entry. :
| 【タバコたばこ】 | [noun] tobacco [noun] Short for 紙巻きタバコ (kamimaki tabako, “cigarette”). Alternative spellings 煙草, 烟草, 多葉粉, 丹波粉, 淡婆姑 |
(This term, 莨, is an alternative spelling (obsolete) of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

莨 • (rang>nang) (hangeul 랑>낭, revised rang>nang, McCune–Reischauer rang>nang, Yale lang>nang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

莨: Hán Nôm readings: lang, lương
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.