# 講習
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiǎngxí
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˇ ㄒㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gong$^2$ zaap$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): káng-si̍p
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎngxí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˇ ㄒㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎngsí
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^3$-hsi$^2$
*** Yale: jyǎng-syí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeangshyi
*** Palladius: цзянси (czjansi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong$^2$ zaap$^6$
*** Yale: góng jaahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong$^2$ dzaap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong$^2$ zab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːŋ³⁵ t͡saːp̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káng-si̍p
*** Tâi-lô: káng-si̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafngsip
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sip̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kaewngX zip
Rime :
| Character | 講 | 習 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 江 (9) | 緝 (141) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 古項切 | 似入切 |
| Baxter | kaewngX | zip |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠʌŋ$^X$/ | /ziɪp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚɔŋ$^X$/ | /zip̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɔŋ$^X$/ | /zjep̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨwŋ$^X$/ | /zip̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kɔŋ$^X$/ | /ziəp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kɔŋ$^X$/ | /zĭĕp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kɔŋ$^X$/ | /zi̯əp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiǎng | xí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gong$^2$ | zap$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤroŋʔ s-ɢʷəp/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kroːŋʔ ljub/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 講 | 習 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiǎng | xí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kaewng$^X$ › | ‹ zip › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁroŋʔ/ | /*s-ɢʷəp/ (with root *ɢʷəp ‘wing’?) |
| English | explain; discuss | repeat; practice |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 講 | 習 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4201 | 13387 |
| Phonetic component | 冓 | 習 |
| Rime group | 東 | 緝 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 講 | 習 |
| Old Chinese | /*kroːŋʔ/ | /*ljub/ |

### Verb

講習
* to lecture and study
    From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
    Lì zé duì, jūnzǐ yǐ péngyǒu jiǎngxí. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Derived terms

* 講習所／讲习所
* 講習會／讲习会 (jiǎngxíhuì)
* 講習班／讲习班 (jiǎngxíbān)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 講(こう)習(しゅう) (kōshū)
* → Korean: 강습(講習) (gangseup)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 講 | 習 |
| こう Grade: 5 | しゅう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

講(こう)習(しゅう) • (kōshū)
* short course, class

### Verb

講(こう)習(しゅう)する • (kōshū suru) suru (stem 講(こう)習(しゅう)し (kōshū shi), past 講(こう)習(しゅう)した (kōshū shita))
* take a course

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 講習し | こうしゅうし | kōshū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 講習し | こうしゅうし | kōshū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 講習する | こうしゅうする | kōshū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 講習する | こうしゅうする | kōshū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 講習すれ | こうしゅうすれ | kōshū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 講習せよ¹ 講習しろ² | こうしゅうせよ¹ こうしゅうしろ² | kōshū seyo¹ kōshū shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 講習される | こうしゅうされる | kōshū sareru |
| Causative | 講習させる 講習さす | こうしゅうさせる こうしゅうさす | kōshū saseru kōshū sasu |
| Potential | 講習できる | こうしゅうできる | kōshū dekiru |
| Volitional | 講習しよう | こうしゅうしよう | kōshū shiyō |
| Negative | 講習しない | こうしゅうしない | kōshū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 講習せず | こうしゅうせず | kōshū sezu |
| Formal | 講習します | こうしゅうします | kōshū shimasu |
| Perfective | 講習した | こうしゅうした | kōshū shita |
| Conjunctive | 講習して | こうしゅうして | kōshū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 講習すれば | こうしゅうすれば | kōshū sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||