# 石炭
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shítàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄊㄢˋ
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sa̍k-than
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sag$^6$ tan$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chio̍h-thòaⁿ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shítàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄊㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shíhtàn
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^2$-tʻan$^4$
*** Yale: shŕ-tàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrtann
*** Palladius: шитань (šitanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa̍k-than
*** Hakka Romanization System: sag tan
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sag$^6$ tan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sak̚⁵ tʰan⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sag$^6$ tan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sak̚⁵ tʰan⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍h-thòaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tsio̍h-thuànn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioiqtvoax
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tʰuã²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² tʰuã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰuã²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuã¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tʰuã²¹/

### Noun

石炭
* (dated or dialectal) coal

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 煤, 烏金 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 煤, 煤炭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Wuchang (Yingchengzi) | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 煤 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 煤, 煤炭 mined, 砟子 mined |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 煤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 煤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 煤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xianxian (Xiaoying) | 煤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 煤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 煤, 炭 fuel |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 煤 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 煤, 炭 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 煤 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 煤 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 煤 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 煤 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 煤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 煤, 煤炭, 炭 fuel |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Ankang | 煤, 煤炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin) | 煤, 煤炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe (Maoping) | 煤炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 煤, 炭 mined, 煤炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 炭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 煤, 石炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 煤, 石煤 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 煤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 煤, 煤炭 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 煤, 砟子 fuel |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 煤 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 煤炭 mined, 薪炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 炭, 煤 fuel |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 煤, 烏金 mined, 鋼炭 mined, 炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 煤炭, 煤 fuel |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 煤 mined, 炭 fuel |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Xiakuojie) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Fujian) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Binyang (Nanjie) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 煤, 煤炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yongzhou | 煤炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shiquan | 煤炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Ziyang | 煤炭 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 煤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 煤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 煤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 煤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 煤 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 煤, 煤炭, 炭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 煤炭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 煤炭 |
| Cantonese | Lingchuan (Yangjia) | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Pingle (Majia) | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Pingle (Shuishan) | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 煤 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 煤炭 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 煤 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 煤炭 |
| Gan | Pengze | 煤 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 煤, 石炭 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Lingping) | 煤 |
| Hakka | Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) | 煤 |
| Hakka | Lipu (Shuangduitun) | 煤 |
| Hakka | Pingle (Tong'an) | 煤 |
| Hakka | Yangshuo (Jinbao) | 煤 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 煤 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 煤 soot, 炭 piece |
| Jin | Pingyao | 炭 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jin | Datong | 炭 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 炭 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 炭 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jin | Changzhi | 煤, 炭 mined, 炭圪拉得 mined |
| Jin | Linhe | 炭 |
| Jin | Jining | 炭 |
| Jin | Liangcheng | 煤 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jin | Erenhot | 煤 mined, 炭 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 煤, 煤炭 mined |
| Jin | Handan | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jin | Linzhou | 煤, 炭 mined |
| Jin | Suide | 炭, 石炭 mined |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Jiande | 煤 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Jinhua | 煤 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 煤 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Tunxi | 煤 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 煤, 煤炭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 煤 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 煤 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 煤 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 煤 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 煤 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 煤 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 塗炭, 煤 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 塗炭 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 煤 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 塗炭, 煤 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 煤 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 塗炭, 煤 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 煤 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 煤 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 煤 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 煤 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 煤 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dongbianzhou) | 煤 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 煤 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 煤 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 煤 |
| Waxiang | Luxi (Liangjiatan) | 煤 |
| Waxiang | Chengbu (Xuntou) | 煤 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 煤 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 煤 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 煤 |
| Wu | Yiwu | 煤 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 煤炭, 煤 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 煤炭 |
| Xiang | Hengshan | 煤炭 |
| Xiang | Hengshan (Baiguo) | 煤炭 |

#### Derived terms

* 石炭紀／石炭纪 (Shítàn Jì)
* 石炭酸 (shítànsuān)

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: batu bara (calque)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 石 | 炭 |
| せき Grade: 1 | たん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
Middle Chinese 石炭

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せきたん [sèkítáꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [se̞kʲitã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

石(せき)炭(たん) • (sekitan)
* coal

##### Synonyms

* 煤炭(ばいたん) (baitan)

##### Derived terms

* 石炭鉱区(せきたんこうく) (sekitan kōku, “coal mine”)
* 石炭酸(せきたんさん) (sekitansan, “phenol (caustic compound derived from benzene)”)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 石 | 炭 |
| いし Grade: 1 | すみ > ずみ Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi ||
石 (ishi, “rock”) +‎ 炭 (sumi, “charcoal”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [iɕizɨmʲi]

#### Noun

石(いし)炭(ずみ) • (ishizumi)
* coal

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 石 | 炭 |

### Noun

石炭 • (seoktan) (hangeul 석탄)
* hanja form of 석탄 (“coal”)