# بقم
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Persian بکم (bakam).

### Noun

بَقَّم • (baqqam) m
* Caesalpinieae tribe plants used for their brazilin-containing woods
    Synonym: عَنْدَم (ʕandam)

#### Descendants

* → Middle Armenian: պաղղամ (paġġam), բաղամ (baġam)
* → Ottoman Turkish: بقم (bakam, bakkam) (see there for further descendants)

### References

* ↑ King, Anya (2015) “The New materia medica of the Islamicate Tradition: The Pre-Islamic Context”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society‎, volume 135, number 3, →DOI, page 506 of 499–528

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “բաղամ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, pages 395–396
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “بقم”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 104
* Fīrūzābādī (1834) Al-uqiyānūs al-basīt‎, 2nd edition, volume III, translated from Arabic into Ottoman Turkish by Aḥmad ʻĀṣim, Constantinople, page 402
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “بقم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 143
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “بقم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 237
* Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 127–132
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “بقم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 103

## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* بقام (bakam, bakkam)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَقَّم (baqqam).

### Noun

بقم • (bakam, bakkam)
* red paint from the plants of the Caesalpinieae tribe used for their brazilin-containing woods; with آغاجی (ağacı) the plant itself
** 1914, Harun Reşit Kocacan, Muhtasar ilm-i kımya: Darülmuallimin ve Darülfünun ile mekâtib-i iʼdadiye sınıflarına mahsustur, İstanbul: Kitaphane-yi İslâm ve Askerı̂, page 254:طبیعی بویالرك اك مهملری كوك بویا ، بقام اغاجی ، چیوید ، زغفران جهرى وقرمزدر .tabiʼi boyalarıñ eñ mühimleri kök boya, bakkam ağacı, ‍çivid, zağferan[,] cehri ve kırmızdır.The most important natural dyes are madder, bloodwood, indigo, saffron, yellowberry, and kermes.

#### Descendants

* Turkish: bakam, bakkam
* → Albanian: bakam, bakëm
* → Armenian: պախամ (paxam)
* → Aromanian: bãcãme
* → Belarusian: бака́н (bakán)
* → Bulgarian: бака́м (bakám)
* → Greek: μπαχάμι (bachámi), μπακάμι (bakámi)
* → Macedonian: бакам (bakam)
* → Romanian: băcan
* → Russian: бака́н (bakán)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ба̀кам
    Latin script: bàkam
* → Ukrainian: бака́н (bakán)

### References

* Alkayış, Fatih (2007) “bakam”, in Türkiye Türkçesinde bitki adları [Plant Names in Turkish of Turkey] (in Turkish), doctoral thesis, Kayseri: T.C. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, page 210
* Anikin, A. E. (2008) “бакан”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 2 (ба – бдынъ), Moscow: Manuscript Monuments Ancient Rus, →ISBN, page 97
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بقم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 271a
* Поленаковиќ, Харалампие (2007) “153. BǍCǍ́ME sb. f.”, in Зузана Тополињска, Петар Атанасов, editors, Турските елементи во ароманскиот [Turskite elementi vo aromanskiot]‎, put into Macedonian from the author’s Serbo-Croatian Turski elementi u aromunskom dijalektu (1939, unpublished) by Веселинка Лаброска, Скопје: Македонска академија на науките и уметностите [Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite], →ISBN, page 85