OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 上馆子
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 上馆子 – see 上館子 (“to eat out; to eat at a restaurant”). (This term is the simplified form of 上館子).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 手巾寮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiú-kun-liâu
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiú-kun-liâu
*** Tâi-lô: tshiú-kun-liâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiw'kunliaau
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kun³³ liau²⁴/

### Adjective

手巾寮
* (Quanzhou Hokkien) narrow but long (said of a private house)
# 于先
## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 于 | 先 |

### Adverb

于先 • (useon) (hangeul 우선)
* hanja form of 우선 (“first, first of all”)
# 于归
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 于归 – see 于歸 (“to get married”). (This term is the simplified form of 于歸).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 于心何忍
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 于心何忍 – see 於心何忍 (“how can one bear it?; how can one have the heart to do it?”). (This term is the simplified form of 於心何忍).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 拆䉔
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thiah-chhoaⁿ / thiah-chhiaⁿ
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiah-chhoaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: thiah-tshuann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tiahzhvoaf
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /tʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sʰuã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰuã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰia(ʔ)⁵ t͡sʰuã³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiah-chhiaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: thiah-tshiann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tiahchviaf
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sʰiã⁴⁴/

### Noun

拆䉔
* (Southern Min) hangnail (protruding piece of nail tissue or skin near base of fingernail or toenail)

#### Synonyms

* 倒刺 (dàocì)
* 倒魚鱗／倒鱼鳞 (dau$^4$ y$^2$ lin$^2$) (Xiang)
* 刺䉔／刺𱸐 (Hokkien)
* 手倒刺 (shǒudàocì)
* 掌甲䉔／掌甲𱸐 (Hokkien)
* 肉刺 (ròucì)
* 肉皵皮 ($^8$gnioq-chiaq-bi) (Wu)
* 裂䉔／裂𱸐 (Hokkien)
# 承上啟下
## Chinese

| | | to bear; to carry; to holdto bear; to carry; to hold; to continue; to undertake; to take charge; owing to; due to; to receive | up; on; on topup; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up | to open; to start | under; next; lowerunder; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter |
| trad. (承上啟下/承上啓下) | trad. (承上啟下/承上啓下) | 承 | 上 | 啟/啓 | 下 |
| simp. (承上启下) | simp. (承上启下) | 承 | 上 | 启 | 下 |
| alternative forms | alternative forms | 承上起下 | 承上起下 | 承上起下 | 承上起下 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chéngshàngqǐxià
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄑㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéngshàngqǐxià
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄑㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéngshàngcǐsià
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$-shang$^4$-chʻi$^3$-hsia$^4$
*** Yale: chéng-shàng-chǐ-syà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngshanqchiishiah
*** Palladius: чэншанцися (čɛnšancisja)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

### Idiom

承上啟下
* to form a connecting link between the preceding and the following
# 承久
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 承 | 久 |
| じょう Grade: 6 | きゅう Grade: 5 |
| goon | on'yomi |

### Proper noun

承(じょう)久(きゅう) • (Jōkyū)
* the Jōkyū era, 1219-1222

#### See also

* 健保(けんぽ) (Kempo) (era preceding Jōkyū)
* 貞応(じょうおう) (Jōō) (era following Jōkyū)
# 手排檔
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 手排檔 – see 手排擋 (“manual transmission”). (This term is a variant form of 手排擋).
# 愚贛
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 愚贛 – see 愚戇 (“dull-witted; stupid; clumsy; foolish”). (This term is a variant form of 愚戇).
# 愚行
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 愚 | 行 |
| ぐ Grade: S | こう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぐこー [gùkóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡɯ̟ko̞ː]
* Homophone: 愚考

### Noun

愚(ぐ)行(こう) • (gukō)
* folly; foolishness
** 2012 July 13, “血(ち)の報(むく)い [Blood Reckoning]”, in 基本セット2013 [Core Set 2013], Wizards of the Coast:
    私(わたし)に敵(てき)対(たい)すること以(い)上(じょう)の愚(ぐ)行(こう)もあるまい。
       Watashi ni tekitaisuru koto ijō no gukō mo aru mai.
       There is no greater folly than standing against me.
# 中繼
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhōngjì
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ ㄐㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^1$ gai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhōngjì
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhongjì
*** Wade–Giles: chung$^1$-chi$^4$
*** Yale: jūng-jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jongjih
*** Palladius: чжунцзи (čžunczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^1$ gai$^3$
*** Yale: jūng gai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^1$ gai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^1$ gei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kɐi̯³³/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$中繼／中继 中計／中计

### Verb

中繼
* to relay (a broadcast)

#### Derived terms

* 中繼站／中继站
* 中繼線／中继线

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 中 | 繼 |
| ちゅう Grade: 1 | けい Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

中(ちゅう)繼(けい) • (chūkei)
* Kyūjitai form of 中継

### Verb

中(ちゅう)繼(けい)する • (chūkei suru) suru (stem 中(ちゅう)繼(けい)し (chūkei shi), past 中(ちゅう)繼(けい)した (chūkei shita))
* Kyūjitai form of 中継

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 中繼し | ちゅうけいし | chūkei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 中繼し | ちゅうけいし | chūkei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 中繼する | ちゅうけいする | chūkei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 中繼する | ちゅうけいする | chūkei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 中繼すれ | ちゅうけいすれ | chūkei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 中繼せよ¹ 中繼しろ² | ちゅうけいせよ¹ ちゅうけいしろ² | chūkei seyo¹ chūkei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 中繼される | ちゅうけいされる | chūkei sareru |
| Causative | 中繼させる 中繼さす | ちゅうけいさせる ちゅうけいさす | chūkei saseru chūkei sasu |
| Potential | 中繼できる | ちゅうけいできる | chūkei dekiru |
| Volitional | 中繼しよう | ちゅうけいしよう | chūkei shiyō |
| Negative | 中繼しない | ちゅうけいしない | chūkei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 中繼せず | ちゅうけいせず | chūkei sezu |
| Formal | 中繼します | ちゅうけいします | chūkei shimasu |
| Perfective | 中繼した | ちゅうけいした | chūkei shita |
| Conjunctive | 中繼して | ちゅうけいして | chūkei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 中繼すれば | ちゅうけいすれば | chūkei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 中 | 繼 |

### Noun

中繼 • (junggye) (hangeul 중계)
* hanja form of 중계 (“relay, hookup”)
# 五月蝿い
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 五 | 月 | 蝿 |
| うるさ |||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 1 | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun |||
* Alternative spelling
* 五月蠅い (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

The spelling is a form of jukujikun (熟字訓), and is used in the novels of Natsume Soseki. The literal meaning of the spelling is 五月 (“May”, the month, normally read gogatsu) + 蝿 (“fly”, the insect, normally read hae) + い (i, a common adjective-forming suffix), from the way that annoying and noisy flies tend to swarm in May.

### Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 五月蝿い – see the following entry. :
| 【うるさい】 | [adjective] [late 900s – Kamakura period] overwhelmingly thorough (often in a positive way); excessive, repetitive (in a negative way) [adjective] [from early 900s] (by extension from the "thorough" sense) so thoroughly knowledgeable and particular about something as to be annoying to others: picky, nitpicking, fussy [adjective] [from late 900s] pushy, bossy, overly particular and demanding [adjective] [early 1000s – ???] excellent of technique (particularly for a performance) [adjective] [late 1100s – ???] extremely strained, faked, insincere, affected [adjective] [from early 1100s] oppressive and annoying in a surrounding and overwhelming way [adjective] noisy, loud [adjective] annoying, irritating [adjective] [from early 1900s] troublesome, bothersome, irksome (usually in reference to having to do something) [adjective] [from early 1600s] dirty, messy, causing a bad feeling [interjection] (figuratively) shut up; stop it Alternative spelling 煩い |
(This term, 五月蝿い, is an alternative spelling (less common) of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
# 不饱和脂肪酸
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 不饱和脂肪酸 – see 不飽和脂肪酸 (“unsaturated fatty acid”). (This term is the simplified form of 不飽和脂肪酸).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 不驕不躁
## Chinese

| | | not; no | proud; arrogant | not; no | hot-tempered; impatient |
| trad. (不驕不躁) | trad. (不驕不躁) | 不 | 驕 | 不 | 躁 |
| simp. (不骄不躁) | simp. (不骄不躁) | 不 | 骄 | 不 | 躁 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bùjiāobùzào
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄠ ㄅㄨˋ ㄗㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bat$^1$ giu$^1$ bat$^1$ cou$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bùjiāobùzào [Phonetic: bùjiāobúzào]
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄠ ㄅㄨˋ ㄗㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bùjiaobùzào
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^4$-chiao$^1$-pu$^4$-tsao$^4$
*** Yale: bù-jyāu-bù-dzàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bujiaubutzaw
*** Palladius: буцзяобуцзао (buczjaobuczao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bat$^1$ giu$^1$ bat$^1$ cou$^3$
*** Yale: bāt gīu bāt chou
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bat$^7$ giu$^1$ bat$^7$ tsou$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bed$^1$ giu$^1$ bed$^1$ cou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɐt̚⁵ kiːu̯⁵⁵ pɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰou̯³³/

### Idiom

不驕不躁
* neither conceited nor rash; free from arrogance and rashness
# 不首尾
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 不 | 首 | 尾 |
| ふ Grade: 4 | しゅ Grade: 2 | び Grade: S |
| on'yomi |||

### Adjective

不(ふ)首(しゅ)尾(び) • (fushubi) -na (adnominal 不(ふ)首(しゅ)尾(び)な (fushubi na), adverbial 不(ふ)首(しゅ)尾(び)に (fushubi ni))
* unsuccessful

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 不首尾だろ | ふしゅびだろ | fushubi daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 不首尾で | ふしゅびで | fushubi de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 不首尾だ | ふしゅびだ | fushubi da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 不首尾な | ふしゅびな | fushubi na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 不首尾なら | ふしゅびなら | fushubi nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 不首尾であれ | ふしゅびであれ | fushubi de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 不首尾ではない 不首尾じゃない | ふしゅびではない ふしゅびじゃない | fushubi de wa nai fushubi ja nai |
| Informal past | 不首尾だった | ふしゅびだった | fushubi datta |
| Informal negative past | 不首尾ではなかった 不首尾じゃなかった | ふしゅびではなかった ふしゅびじゃなかった | fushubi de wa nakatta fushubi ja nakatta |
| Formal | 不首尾です | ふしゅびです | fushubi desu |
| Formal negative | 不首尾ではありません 不首尾じゃありません | ふしゅびではありません ふしゅびじゃありません | fushubi de wa arimasen fushubi ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 不首尾でした | ふしゅびでした | fushubi deshita |
| Formal negative past | 不首尾ではありませんでした 不首尾じゃありませんでした | ふしゅびではありませんでした ふしゅびじゃありませんでした | fushubi de wa arimasen deshita fushubi ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 不首尾で | ふしゅびで | fushubi de |
| Conditional | 不首尾なら（ば） | ふしゅびなら（ば） | fushubi nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 不首尾だったら | ふしゅびだったら | fushubi dattara |
| Volitional | 不首尾だろう | ふしゅびだろう | fushubi darō |
| Adverbial | 不首尾に | ふしゅびに | fushubi ni |
| Degree | 不首尾さ | ふしゅびさ | fushubisa |

#### Antonyms

* 上首尾(じょうしゅび) (jōshubi, “successful”)

### Noun

不(ふ)首(しゅ)尾(び) • (fushubi)
* failure

#### Antonyms

* 上首尾(じょうしゅび) (jōshubi, “success”)
# 人民元
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 人 | 民 | 元 |
| じん Grade: 1 | みん Grade: 4 | げん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |||

### Noun

人(じん)民(みん)元(げん) • (jinmingen)
* yuan, renminbi (currency of the PRC)
# 人民公社
## Chinese

| | | people; humanity; humanspeople; humanity; humans; humankind; the human race | commune |
| trad. (人民公社) | trad. (人民公社) | 人民 | 公社 |
| simp. $^#$(人民公社) | simp. $^#$(人民公社) | 人民 | 公社 |
* 人民公社 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 人民公社 (Classical)
* People's commune (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rénmín gōngshè
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄕㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^4$ man$^4$ gung$^1$ se$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rénmín gōngshè
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄕㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rénmín gongshè
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^2$-min$^2$ kung$^1$-shê$^4$
*** Yale: rén-mín gūng-shè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renmin gongsheh
*** Palladius: жэньминь гуншэ (žɛnʹminʹ gunšɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^4$ man$^4$ gung$^1$ se$^5$
*** Yale: yàhn màhn gūng séh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^4$ man$^4$ gung$^1$ se$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^4$ men$^4$ gung$^1$ sé$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ sɛː¹³/

### Noun

人民公社
* people's commune (administrative unit in China from 1958 to 1983)
    西陵人民公社 ― Xīlíng Rénmín Gōngshè ― Xiling People's Commune (existed between 1960 and 1967)

#### Synonyms

* 公社 (gōngshè)
# 交登记
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 交登记 – see 交登記 (“to hand in the identity card; to die”). (This term is the simplified form of 交登記).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 採暖
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cǎinuǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˇ ㄋㄨㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): coi$^2$ nyun$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cǎinuǎn [Phonetic: cáinuǎn]
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˇ ㄋㄨㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǎinuǎn
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻai$^3$-nuan$^3$
*** Yale: tsǎi-nwǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaenoan
*** Palladius: цайнуань (cajnuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ nu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coi$^2$ nyun$^5$
*** Yale: chói nyúhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi$^2$ nyn$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: coi$^2$ nün$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵ nyːn¹³/

### Verb

採暖
* to enjoy heating
# 扫雪车
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 扫雪车 – see 掃雪車 (“snow plow”). (This term is the simplified form of 掃雪車).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 扬中
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 扬中 – see 揚中 (“Yangzhong”). (This term is the simplified form of 揚中).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 不作准
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 不作准 – see 不作準 (“it doesn't matter”). (This term is the simplified form of 不作準).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 拍总算
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 拍总算 – see 拍總算 (“to total; to add up; to amount to”). (This term is the simplified form of 拍總算).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 代國
## Chinese

* Dai (Spring & Autumn) (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Dàiguó
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄞˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): doi$^6$ gwok$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Dàiguó
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Dàiguó
*** Wade–Giles: Tai$^4$-kuo$^2$
*** Yale: Dài-gwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Daygwo
*** Palladius: Дайго (Dajgo)
*** Sinological IPA : /taɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: doi$^6$ gwok$^3$
*** Yale: doih gwok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: doi$^6$ gwok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: doi$^6$ guog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔːi̯²² kʷɔːk̚³/

### Proper noun

代國
* (historical) Dai, an ancient Chinese state during the Spring and Autumn period of the Zhou dynasty.
* (historical) Various other kingdoms or princely appanages in Chinese history named for the ancient state.
# 临近
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 临近 – see 臨近 (“to be close; to be near; to be approaching”). (This term is the simplified form of 臨近).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 为人处世
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 为人处世 – see 為人處世 (“how one gets along in the world; one's attitude about and way of doing things”). (This term is the simplified form of 為人處世).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 为例
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 为例 – see 為例 (“to take as an example”). (This term is the simplified form of 為例).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 人心不古
## Chinese

| | | people's thoughts; public feeling; moral nature | not; no | ancient; old |
| simp. and trad. (人心不古) | simp. and trad. (人心不古) | 人心 | 不 | 古 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rénxīnbùgǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄅㄨˋ ㄍㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^4$ sam$^1$ bat$^1$ gu$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rénxīnbùgǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄅㄨˋ ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rénsinbùgǔ
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^2$-hsin$^1$-pu$^4$-ku$^3$
*** Yale: rén-syīn-bù-gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renshinbuguu
*** Palladius: жэньсиньбугу (žɛnʹsinʹbugu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^4$ sam$^1$ bat$^1$ gu$^2$
*** Yale: yàhn sām bāt gú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^4$ sam$^1$ bat$^7$ gu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^4$ sem$^1$ bed$^1$ gu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn²¹ sɐm⁵⁵ pɐt̚⁵ kuː³⁵/

### Idiom

人心不古
* the moral compass of modern man lags far behind that of the ancients; people are no longer simple and honest
# 撒迦利亚
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 撒迦利亚 – see 撒迦利亞 (“Zechariah”). (This term is the simplified form of 撒迦利亞).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 任课
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 任课 – see 任課 (“to teach a course”). (This term is the simplified form of 任課).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 但書
## Chinese
### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 但し書き (tadashigaki)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dànshū
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˋ ㄕㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daan$^6$ syu$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tān-su
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dànshū
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ ㄕㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dànshu
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^4$-shu$^1$
*** Yale: dàn-shū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dannshu
*** Palladius: даньшу (danʹšu)
*** Sinological IPA : /tän⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daan$^6$ syu$^1$
*** Yale: daahn syū
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daan$^6$ sy$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dan$^6$ xu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːn²² syː⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tān-su
*** Tâi-lô: tān-su
*** Phofsit Daibuun: daxnsw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tan²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tan⁴¹⁻²² su³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tan²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tan³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tan³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

### Noun

但書
* (law) proviso
# 但必過
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$de-piq-ku
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$de-piq-ku
*** MiniDict: de$^去$ pih ku
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$de-piq-ku
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /de²² piɪʔ⁵⁵ ku²¹/

### Conjunction

但必過
* (Wu) merely; just; only

#### Synonyms

* 只不過／只不过 (zhǐbuguò)
* (Wu) 但不過／但不过, 單不過／单不过
# 換上
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huànshàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˋ ㄕㄤˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huànshàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˋ ㄕㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huànshàng
*** Wade–Giles: huan$^4$-shang$^4$
*** Yale: hwàn-shàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huannshanq
*** Palladius: хуаньшан (xuanʹšan)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

### Verb

換⫽上 (verb-complement)
* to change (clothes)
# 換える
## Japanese
### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 換
* か Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese かふ (kapu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.
Cognate with 変(か)える (kaeru), 替(か)える (kaeru) and 代(か)える (kaeru).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かえる [kàérú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠e̞ɾɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「換える」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 換える | かえる | [kàérú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 換えろ | かえろ | [kàéró] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 換えられる | かえられる | [kàérárérú] |
| Causative | 換えさせる | かえさせる | [kàésásérú] |
| Potential | 換えられる | かえられる | [kàérárérú] |
| Volitional | 換えよう | かえよー | [kàéyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 換えない | かえない | [kàénáí] |
| Negative perfective | 換えなかった | かえなかった | [kàénáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 換えます | かえます | [kàémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 換えた | かえた | [kàétá] |
| Conjunctive | 換えて | かえて | [kàété] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 換えれば | かえれば | [kàéréꜜbà] |

### Verb

換(か)える • (kaeru) transitive ichidan (stem 換(か)え (kae), past 換(か)えた (kaeta))
Japanese verb pair :
| active | 換える |
| mediopassive | 換わる |
* exchange, change for

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 換え | かえ | kae |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 換え | かえ | kae |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 換える | かえる | kaeru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 換える | かえる | kaeru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 換えれ | かえれ | kaere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 換えよ¹ 換えろ² | かえよ¹ かえろ² | kaeyo¹ kaero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 換えられる | かえられる | kaerareru |
| Causative | 換えさせる 換えさす | かえさせる かえさす | kaesaseru kaesasu |
| Potential | 換えられる 換えれる³ | かえられる かえれる³ | kaerareru kaereru³ |
| Volitional | 換えよう | かえよう | kaeyō |
| Negative | 換えない 換えぬ 換えん | かえない かえぬ かえん | kaenai kaenu kaen |
| Negative continuative | 換えず | かえず | kaezu |
| Formal | 換えます | かえます | kaemasu |
| Perfective | 換えた | かえた | kaeta |
| Conjunctive | 換えて | かえて | kaete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 換えれば | かえれば | kaereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||

### References

* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
# 亲者痛，仇者快
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 亲者痛，仇者快 – see 親者痛，仇者快 (“That which brings pain to one's friends and brings joy to one's enemies.”). (This term is the simplified form of 親者痛，仇者快).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 亲耐的
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 亲耐的 – see 親耐的. (This term is the simplified form of 親耐的).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 拿……來說
## Chinese

| | | to hold; to seize; to catchto hold; to seize; to catch; to apprehend; to take | | concerning; about |
| trad. (拿……來說) | trad. (拿……來說) | 拿 | …… | 來說 |
| simp. (拿……来说) | simp. (拿……来说) | 拿 | …… | 来说 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ná ... láishuō
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄚˊ ... ㄌㄞˊ ㄕㄨㄛ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): naa$^4$...loi$^4$ syut$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ná ... láishuō
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄚˊ ... ㄌㄞˊ ㄕㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ná ... láishuo
*** Wade–Giles: na$^2$ ... lai$^2$-shuo$^1$
*** Yale: ná ... lái-shwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: na ... laishuo
*** Palladius: на ... лайшо (na ... lajšo)
*** Sinological IPA : /nä³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naa$^4$...loi$^4$ syut$^3$
*** Yale: nàh...lòih syut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naa$^4$...loi$^4$ syt$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: na$^4$...loi$^4$ xud$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /naː²¹ lɔːi̯²¹ syːt̚³/

### Adverb

拿……來說
* speaking of ...; to take ... for example
       Ná wǒmen bān láishuō ba. [Pinyin]
       Take our class, for example.

### See also

* 對……來說／对……来说 (duì ... láishuō)