# 草菅
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cǎojiān
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cou$^2$ gaan$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chháu-kan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cǎojiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǎojian
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻao$^3$-chien$^1$
*** Yale: tsǎu-jyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaojian
*** Palladius: цаоцзянь (caoczjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cou$^2$ gaan$^1$
*** Yale: chóu gāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsou$^2$ gaan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cou$^2$ gan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ kaːn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-kan
*** Tâi-lô: tsháu-kan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhaw'kafn
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kan⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tshawX kaen
Rime :
| Character | 草 | 菅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 刪 (69) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 采老切 | 古顔切 |
| Baxter | tshawX | kaen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /kˠan/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /kᵚan/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /kɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰaw$^X$/ | /kaɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /kan/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /kan/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰɑu$^X$/ | /kan/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cǎo | jiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cou$^2$ | gaan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰuːʔ kroːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 草 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshaw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁuʔ/ |
| English | grass, plants |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 草 | 菅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 16547 | 4457 |
| Phonetic component | 早 | 官 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 草 | 姦 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰuːʔ/ | /*kroːn/ |
| Notes | 說文作艸 | |

### Noun

草菅
* (literary, figurative) something small and insignificant; trifle
* (literary, figuratively) the common people; the masses; ordinary citizens

#### Synonyms

* (trifle): 草芥 (cǎojiè)
* (the common people):
* 一般人 (yībānrén)
* 世人 (shìrén)
* 世間人／世间人 (Hokkien)
* 人士 (rénshì) (literary)
* 人民 (rénmín)
* 人群 (rénqún)
* 人萌 (rénméng) (literary)
* 俗人 (súrén)
* 俗子 (súzǐ) (literary)
* 𫣆人 (Hakka)
* 兆民 (zhàomín) (archaic)
* 公眾／公众 (gōngzhòng)
* 凡人 (fánrén)
* 凡夫 (fánfū) (literary)
* 匹夫 (pǐfū) (literary)
* 四眾人／四众人 (si$^3$ zing$^3$ nang$^5$) (Teochew)
* 士人 (shìrén) (archaic)
* 大眾／大众 (dàzhòng)
* 子民 (zǐmín) (historical)
* 家人 (jiārén) (archaic)
* 布衣 (bùyī) (historical)
* 常人 (chángrén)
* 平人 (píngrén) (literary)
* 平常人 (píngchángrén)
* 平民 (píngmín)
* 庶人 (shùrén) (literary)
* 庶民 (shùmín) (literary)
* 斯人 (sīrén) (Classical Chinese)
* 普通人 (pǔtōngrén)
* 民人 (mínrén) (literary)
* 民眾／民众 (mínzhòng)
* 烝民 (zhēngmín) (literary)
* 烝黎 (zhēnglí) (Classical Chinese)
* 白衣 (báiyī) (historical)
* 白衣人 (báiyīrén) (historical)
* 白身 (báishēn) (archaic)
* 白身人 (báishēnrén) (archaic)
* 百姓
* 眾人／众人 (zhòngrén) (literary)
* 萬姓／万姓 (wànxìng) (archaic)
* 群眾／群众 (qúnzhòng)
* 老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng)
* 良人 (liángrén) (literary)
* 草民 (cǎomín) (the worthless ordinary people)
* 草野 (cǎoyě) (literary, figurative)
* 萌 (literary)
* 野人 (yěrén) (archaic)
* 黎庶 (líshù) (literary)
* 黎民 (límín) (literary)
* 黎首 (líshǒu) (archaic)
* 黔首 (qiánshǒu) (archaic)
* 黔黎 (archaic)

#### Derived terms

* 草菅人命 (cǎojiānrénmìng)