# 衙門
## Chinese

* 衙門 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Yamen (English)

### Etymology

Originally written as 牙門／牙门 (yámén). See 衙 (yá) for more.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yámen, yámén
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˊ ˙ㄇㄣ, ㄧㄚˊ ㄇㄣˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ямын (i͡amɨn, I-II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaa$^4$ mun$^{4-2}$ / ngaa$^4$ mun$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): nga$^4$ miin
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngà-mùn
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngà-muòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gê-mn̂g / gêe-mûi / gâ-bûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ghê$^5$ meng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yámen
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ ˙ㄇㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yáme̊n
*** Wade–Giles: ya$^2$-mên$^5$
*** Yale: yá-men
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ya.men
*** Palladius: ямэнь (jamɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jä³⁵ mən³/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yámén
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ ㄇㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yámén
*** Wade–Giles: ya$^2$-mên$^2$
*** Yale: yá-mén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yamen
*** Palladius: ямэнь (jamɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jä³⁵ mən³⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ямын (i͡amɨn, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /ia²⁴ məŋ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngaa$^4$ mun$^{4-2}$ / ngaa$^4$ mun$^4$
*** Yale: ngàh mún / ngàh mùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa$^4$ mun$^{4-2}$ / ngaa$^4$ mun$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nga$^4$ mun$^{4-2}$ / nga$^4$ mun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaː²¹ muːn²¹⁻³⁵/, /ŋaː²¹ muːn²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: nga$^4$ miin
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋa³⁵ mɨn²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngà-mùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: nga$^ˇ$ mun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nga$^2$ mun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋa¹¹ mun¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngà-muòng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋa⁵³⁻³³ muoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gê-mn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: gê-mn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gemngg
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡe²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡe²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ɡe²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gêe-mûi
*** Tâi-lô: gêe-muî
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡɛ¹³⁻²² muĩ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâ-bûn
*** Tâi-lô: gâ-bûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ga'buun
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ɡa²⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ghê$^5$ meng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gê mṳ̂ng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɡe⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mɯŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: ngae mwon
Rime :
| Character | 衙 | 門 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | I |
| Fanqie | 五加切 | 莫奔切 |
| Baxter | ngae | mwon |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠa/ | /muən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋᵚa/ | /muon/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋa/ | /muən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋaɨ/ | /mwən/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋa/ | /muən/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋa/ | /muən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ŋa/ | /muən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yá | mén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngaa$^4$ | mun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋraː mɯːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 門 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mwon › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁə[r]/ |
| English | gate, door |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 衙 | 門 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13136 | 8960 |
| Phonetic component | 五 | 門 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 牙 | 門 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋraː/ | /*mɯːn/ |
| Notes | 秦地又牙分化字 | |

### Noun

衙門
* (historical) yamen
** 1853, 陳逢衡 [Chen Fengheng; Chin Hōkō], edited by 荒木謇, 𠸄咭唎紀略 [Yingjili jilüe; Egeresu kiryaku], page 11:
       Qí nán yīlǜ hǎosī guǎnlǐ gè yámén shìjiàn éshè dàxiǎoguān sìbǎi'èrshíliù yuán. Yī Balimǎn yámén éshè guān èr yuán. Yī Jiāmìliè Gāngsè'ěr yámén bànshì shí'èr yuán. Yī Zhànsèlì yámén shěnlǐ ànjiàn éshè dàxiǎoguān shísì yuán. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (Dungan) office; bureau

#### Synonyms

* (yamen): 公廳／公厅 (gōngtīng), 官衙 (guānyá)

#### Descendants

* → English: yamen, yamun
* → Guiqiong: jɐ’mɛn
* → Manchu: ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ (yamun)
* → Mongolian: яам (jaam)
* → Russian: ямэ́нь (jamɛ́nʹ)