# hartal
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed, via Hindi हड़ताल (haṛtāl), from Gujarati હડતાળ (haḍtāḷ), હડતાલ (haḍtāl), literally “locking of shops”.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈhɑː.tɑːl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

hartal (plural hartals)
* (South Asia, Malaysia) the closure of shops and offices, typically as a strike. [early 20th C.]
** 1974, Judith M. Brown, Gandhi's Rise to Power: Indian Politics 1915-1922, page 305:There were slight disturbances in Karachi and Bombay city, a hartal in Bombay city similar to the last one but probably helped by the news of Tilak's death, […]
** 2004, Salahuddin Ahmed, Bangladesh: Past and Present, page 34:One of the special characteristics of Bangladesh politics is hartal politics, a legacy of tactics of political agitation, which was used, in pre-partition India […]
** 2005, Acyuta Yājñika, Suchitra Sheth, The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond:The eight-month-long hadtal and the accompanying hijrat or exodus reflect the collective strength of the Mahajan and their capacity to mobilize and organize.

#### Alternative forms

* hadtal

#### Descendants

* → Malay: hartal
** Indonesian: hartal

#### See also

* bandh

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈhartal]
* Hyphenation: har‧tal

### Etymology 1

From Malay hartal, from Classical Malay هرتل (hartal), from Sanskrit हरिताल (haritāla, “yellow orpiment”) likely through Hindi.

#### Noun

hartal (plural hartal-hartal, first-person possessive hartalku, second-person possessive hartalmu, third-person possessive hartalnya)
* orpiment
* (in extension) ochre: a somewhat dark yellowish orange colour.
    hartal:

### Etymology 2

From Malay hartal, from Hindi हड़ताल (haṛtāl), from Gujarati હડતાલ (haḍtāl), હડતાળ (haḍtāḷ), from Sanskrit हट्ट (haṭṭa) +‎ तालक (tālaka).

#### Noun

hartal (plural hartal-hartal, first-person possessive hartalku, second-person possessive hartalmu, third-person possessive hartalnya)
* The closure of shops and offices, typically as a strike.

### Further reading

* “hartal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈhartal]
* Hyphenation: har‧tal

### Etymology 1

From Hindi हड़ताल (haṛtāl), from Gujarati હડતાલ (haḍtāl), હડતાળ (haḍtāḷ), from Sanskrit हट्ट (haṭṭa) +‎ तालक (tālaka).

#### Noun

hartal (Jawi spelling هرتل, plural hartal-hartal, informal 1st possessive hartalku, 2nd possessive hartalmu, 3rd possessive hartalnya)
* The closure of shops and offices, typically as a strike.

### Etymology 2

From Sanskrit हरिताल (haritāla, “yellow orpiment”) likely through Hindi.

#### Noun

hartal (plural hartal-hartal, informal 1st possessive hartalku, 2nd possessive hartalmu, 3rd possessive hartalnya)
* orpiment, a kind of yellow arsenic
* (in extension) A somewhat dark yellowish orange colour; ochre.
    hartal:
* a kind of fragrant face powder made from coconut oil and saffron yielding a similar colour for use in weddings
    Synonyms: boreh, boris

##### Alternative forms

* (orpiment) artal, retal

#### References

* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “hartal”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 399

### Further reading

* “hartal” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.