OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 竹排
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhúpái
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˊ ㄆㄞˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk$^1$ paai$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chuk-phài
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tek-pâi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhúpái
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˊ ㄆㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhúpái
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^2$-pʻai$^2$
*** Yale: jú-pái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwupair
*** Palladius: чжупай (čžupaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zuk$^1$ paai$^4$
*** Yale: jūk pàaih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk$^7$ paai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zug$^1$ pai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊk̚⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chuk-phài
*** Hakka Romanization System: zug$^ˋ$ pai$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zug$^5$ pai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡suk̚² pʰai̯¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tek-pâi
*** Tâi-lô: tik-pâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dekpaai
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ pai²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ pai²³/

### Noun

竹排
* bamboo bound together for transport along a river
* bamboo raft

#### Usage notes

Taiwan's Ministry of Education recommends 竹排 for Standard Chinese (Mandarin) and Hakka but 竹棑 for Min Nan.

#### Synonyms

* (bamboo raft): 竹筏 (zhúfá), (Hakka, Hokkien) 竹排仔

### Further reading

* “Entry #2748”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
# 竹書
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhúshū
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˊ ㄕㄨ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhúshū
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˊ ㄕㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhúshu
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^2$-shu$^1$
*** Yale: jú-shū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwushu
*** Palladius: чжушу (čžušu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

### Noun

竹書
* ancient text written on bamboo slips

### Proper noun

竹書
* Short for 竹書紀年／竹书纪年 (Zhúshū Jìnián, “the Bamboo Annals”).
# 群臣
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qúnchén
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄔㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan$^4$ san$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qúnchén
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄔㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyúnchén
*** Wade–Giles: chʻün$^2$-chʻên$^2$
*** Yale: chyún-chén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyunchern
*** Palladius: цюньчэнь (cjunʹčɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwan$^4$ san$^4$
*** Yale: kwàhn sàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwan$^4$ san$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kuen$^4$ sen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰɐn²¹ sɐn²¹/
* Middle Chinese: gjun dzyin
Rime :
| Character | 群 | 臣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 渠云切 | 植鄰切 |
| Baxter | gjun | dzyin |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨun/ | /d͡ʑiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡiun/ | /d͡ʑin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiuən/ | /d͡ʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gun/ | /d͡ʑin/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiuən/ | /ʑiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭuən/ | /ʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /gi̯uən/ | /ʑi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qún | chén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | kwan$^4$ | san$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ur [ɡ]i[ŋ]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡlun ɡiŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 群 | 臣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qún | chén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gjun › | ‹ dzyin › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ur/ | /*[ɡ]i[ŋ]/ |
| English | flock, herd, group | slave, subject |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 群 | 臣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 7295 | 1342 |
| Phonetic component | 君 | 臣 |
| Rime group | 文 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 羣 | 辰 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡlun/ | /*ɡiŋ/ |
| Notes | 羣字所注或體 | 甲文臧象以戈刺目爲奴， 省戈表不刺者則爲臣， 專指役使於家內者 |

### Noun

群臣
* large number of officials
    From: c. 77 B.C.E., 劉向 (Liu Xiang), 《說苑》 (Garden of Stories), chapter 6
    Qúnchén bǎi yǒuyú rén jiē jué qù qí guānyīng ér shànghuǒ, zú jìn huān ér bà. [Pinyin]
    After more than 100 ministers removed the cords which held their headpieces in place, all of the candles were relit. All of the king's subjects were happy, and that was the end of it.

#### Synonyms

* (archaic) 朋友 (péngyǒu)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 群臣(ぐんしん) (gunshin)
* → Korean: 군신(群臣) (gunsin)
* → Vietnamese: quần thần (群臣)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 群 | 臣 |
| ぐん Grade: 4 | しん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

群(ぐん)臣(しん) • (gunshin)
* a large number of retainers
# 鿁

| 鿁 | U+9FC1, &#40897; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FC1 |
| ← 鿀 [U+9FC0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鿂 → [U+9FC2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鿁 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜口廿金 (YRTC), composition ⿰訁共)

#### References

* Unihan data for U+9FC1

## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hòng (hong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hòng
*** Wade–Giles: hung$^4$
*** Yale: hùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: honq
*** Palladius: хун (xun)
*** Sinological IPA : /xʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^6$
*** Yale: huhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ²²/

### Definitions

鿁
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
# 龼

| 龼 | U+9FBC, &#40892; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FBC |
| ← 龻 [U+9FBB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 龽 → [U+9FBD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

龼 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 土卜月山 (GYBU), composition ⿰土睿)

#### References

* Unihan data for U+9FBC
# 耽搁
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 耽搁 – see 耽擱 (“to stop over; to delay; to waste time; to hold up; etc.”). (This term is the simplified form of 耽擱).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 老危
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): lou$^5$ ngai$^{4-2}$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lou$^5$ ngai$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: lóuh ngái
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lou$^5$ ngai$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lou$^5$ ngei$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /lou̯¹³ ŋɐi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

### Noun

老危
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) Synonym of 危險駕駛／危险驾驶
# 老友
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lǎoyǒu
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˇ ㄧㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lou$^5$ jau$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lāu-iú
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǎoyǒu [Phonetic: láoyǒu]
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˇ ㄧㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lǎoyǒu
*** Wade–Giles: lao$^3$-yu$^3$
*** Yale: lǎu-yǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: laoyeou
*** Palladius: лаою (laoju)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lou$^5$ jau$^5$
*** Yale: lóuh yáuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lou$^5$ jau$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lou$^5$ yeo$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lou̯¹³ jɐu̯¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lāu-iú
*** Tâi-lô: lāu-iú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lauxiuo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lau²²⁻²¹ iu⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lau⁴¹⁻²² iu⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lau²²⁻²¹ iu⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lau³³⁻¹¹ iu⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lau³³⁻²¹ iu⁴¹/

### Noun

老友
* old friend; old pal

#### Synonyms

* 以前的朋友 (yǐqián de péngyou)
* 故交 (gùjiāo) (literary)
* 故人 (gùrén) (literary)
* 故友 (gùyǒu)
* 故知 (gùzhī) (literary)
* 故舊／故旧 (gùjiù) (literary)
* 老朋 (Cantonese)
* 老朋友
* 老盆友 (lǎopényǒu) (neologism, Internet, slang, humorous, cute-sounding)
* 老相識／老相识 (lǎoxiāngshí)
* 舊交／旧交 (jiùjiāo)
* 舊友／旧友 (jiùyǒu)
* 舊故／旧故 (jiùgù) (literary)
* 舊知／旧知 (jiùzhī) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 老友記／老友记
* 老友鬼鬼

### Adjective

老友
* (Cantonese) in a deep friendship
# 老卜
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 老卜 – see 老蔔. (This term is the simplified form of 老蔔).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 米山
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 米 | 山 |
| よね Grade: 2 | やま Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||

### Proper noun

米(よね)山(やま) • (Yoneyama)
* a surname
# 脊髓
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jǐsuǐ, jísuǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˇ ㄙㄨㄟˇ, ㄐㄧˊ ㄙㄨㄟˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zek$^3$ seoi$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cék-chōi
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chit-súi / chit-chhér / chit-chhé / chit-chhóe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǐsuǐ [Phonetic: jísuǐ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ ㄙㄨㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jǐsuěi
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^3$-sui$^3$
*** Yale: jǐ-swěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiisoei
*** Palladius: цзисуй (czisuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, common variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jísuǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ ㄙㄨㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jísuěi
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^2$-sui$^3$
*** Yale: jí-swěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyisoei
*** Palladius: цзисуй (czisuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi³⁵ su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zek$^3$ seoi$^5$
*** Yale: jek séuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzek$^8$ soey$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zég$^3$ sêu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛːk̚³ sɵy̯¹³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cék-chōi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰøy³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-súi
*** Tâi-lô: tsit-suí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: citsuie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ sui⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ sui⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ sui⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-chhér
*** Tâi-lô: tsit-tshér
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰə⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-chhé
*** Tâi-lô: tsit-tshé
*** Phofsit Daibuun: citzhea
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰe⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰe⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-chhóe
*** Tâi-lô: tsit-tshué
*** Phofsit Daibuun: citzhoea
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰue⁵³/

### Noun

脊髓
* spinal cord

#### Derived terms

* 肌萎縮性脊髓側索硬化症／肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症 (jīwěisuōxìng jǐsuǐcèsuǒ yìnghuàzhèng)
* 脊髓灰質炎／脊髓灰质炎 (jǐsuǐ huīzhìyán)
* 脊髓炎 (jǐsuǐyán)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 脊 | 髓 |
| Grade: S | Hyōgai |

### Noun

脊髓(せきずい) • (sekizui)
* spinal cord

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 脊 | 髓 |

### Noun

脊髓 • (cheoksu) (hangeul 척수)
* hanja form of 척수 (“spinal cord”)
# ꓟꓸ ꓒꓽ
## Lisu
### Etymology

From ꓟꓸ (mɑ́, “to teach”) +‎ ꓒꓽ (pʰɑ̀, “male”).

### Noun

ꓟꓸ ꓒꓽ (mɑ́ pʰɑ̀)
* teacher (male)
    Synonym: ꓟꓸ ꓟ (mɑ́ mɑ) (female)
* (Protestantism) pastor, priest (male)
    Synonym: ꓟꓸ ꓟ (mɑ́ mɑ) (female)
* (honorific) mister, sir (for male people)
# 魄門
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pòmén
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄛˋ ㄇㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): paak$^3$ mun$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pòmén
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ ㄇㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pòmén
*** Wade–Giles: pʻo$^4$-mên$^2$
*** Yale: pwò-mén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pohmen
*** Palladius: помэнь (pomɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ mən³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$破門／破门 魄門／魄门
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: paak$^3$ mun$^4$
*** Yale: paak mùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: paak$^8$ mun$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pag$^3$ mun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaːk̚³ muːn²¹/

### Noun

魄門
* (traditional Chinese medicine) anus
# 鰐梨
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 鰐梨 – see 鱷梨 (“avocado”). (This term is a variant traditional form of 鱷梨).

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 鰐 | 梨 |
| わに Hyōgai | なし Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi ||

### Etymology

Compound of 鰐 (wani, “crocodile”) +‎ 梨 (nashi, “pear”), calque of English alligator pear.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) わになし [wàníꜜnàshì] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [β̞a̠ɲ̟ina̠ɕi]

### Noun

鰐(わに)梨(なし) or 鰐梨(ワニナシ) • (waninashi)
* (dated) Synonym of アボカド (abokado, “avocado, alligator pear”)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
# 肉店
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ròudiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄡˋ ㄉㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): juk$^6$ dim$^3$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): rou$^6$ dienn$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ròudiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄡˋ ㄉㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ròudiàn
*** Wade–Giles: jou$^4$-tien$^4$
*** Yale: ròu-dyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rowdiann
*** Palladius: жоудянь (žoudjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: juk$^6$ dim$^3$
*** Yale: yuhk dim
*** Cantonese Pinyin: juk$^9$ dim$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yug$^6$ dim$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊk̚² tiːm³³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: rou$^6$ dienn$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐəu̯²⁴ ti̯ẽ⁴⁵/

### Noun

肉店
* butchershop

#### Synonyms

* 肉鋪／肉铺 (ròupù)
* (Hokkien) 豬砧／猪砧, 肉砧
* (Wu) 肉莊／肉庄
# 脱コロナ
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 脱
* だつ Grade: S
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 脫コロナ (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

Compound of 脱 (datsu, “take off”) +‎ コロナ (korona, “short for コロナウイルス (koronauirusu)”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [da̠t͡sɨko̞ɾo̞na̠]

### Noun

脱(だつ)コロナ • (Datsu-korona)
* removal of restriction against COVID-19
# ꗵ

| ꗵ | U+A5F5, &#42485; VAI SYLLABLE DHE |
| ← ꗴ [U+A5F4] | Vai | ꗶ → [U+A5F6] |

## Vai
### Syllable

ꗵ • (dɛ)
* The Vai syllable dhɛ
# 紙飛機
## Chinese

* 紙飛機

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǐfēijī
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˇ ㄈㄟ ㄐㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^2$ fei$^1$ gei$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐfēijī
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˇ ㄈㄟ ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐhfeiji
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^3$-fei$^1$-chi$^1$
*** Yale: jř-fēi-jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyyfeiji
*** Palladius: чжифэйцзи (čžifɛjczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ feɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^2$ fei$^1$ gei$^1$
*** Yale: jí fēi gēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^2$ fei$^1$ gei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^2$ féi$^1$ géi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː³⁵ fei̯⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/

### Noun

紙飛機
* paper aeroplane (Classifier: 架 m; 個／个)
# 紙鶴
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǐhè
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˇ ㄏㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^2$ hok$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐhè
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˇ ㄏㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐhhè
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^3$-ho$^4$
*** Yale: jř-hè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyyheh
*** Palladius: чжихэ (čžixɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^2$ hok$^6$
*** Yale: jí hohk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^2$ hok$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^2$ hog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː³⁵ hɔːk̚²/

### Noun

紙鶴
* origami crane

#### Derived terms

* 千紙鶴／千纸鹤 (qiānzhǐhè)
# 节拍
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 节拍 – see 節拍 (“beat; meter; rhythm”). (This term is the simplified form of 節拍).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 鸭公声
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 鸭公声 – see 鴨公聲 (“coarse and muddy voice due to excessive use; male voice going through puberty”). (This term is the simplified form of 鴨公聲).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# ꝝ

| ꝝ | U+A75D, &#42845; LATIN SMALL LETTER RUM ROTUNDA |
| ← Ꝝ [U+A75C] | Latin Extended-D | Ꝟ → [U+A75E] |

## Latin
### Letter

ꝝ (upper case Ꝝ)
* (Medieval Latin) Scribal abbreviation of -rum or -rom, as in no͞ꝛoꝝ (nostrorum 'of our').

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Letter

ꝝ (upper case Ꝝ)
* (siglum) Scribal abbreviation of -rum or Scribal abbreviation of -rom, as in foꝝ (forom 'they went', 'they were').
# 英正
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 英 | 正 |
| ひで Grade: 4 | まさ Grade: 1 |

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [çide̞ma̠sa̠]

### Proper noun

英(ひで)正(まさ) • (Hidemasa)
* a male given name
# 自然淘汰
## Chinese

| | | nature; the natural world; naturalnature; the natural world; natural; of or relating to nature | to rinse; to wash away |
| trad. (自然淘汰) | trad. (自然淘汰) | 自然 | 淘汰 |
| simp. $^#$(自然淘汰) | simp. $^#$(自然淘汰) | 自然 | 淘汰 |

### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 自然淘汰(しぜんとうた) (shizentōta).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zìrán táotài
    (Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄖㄢˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^6$ jin$^4$ tou$^4$ taai$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chū-jiân tô-thài / chīr-jiân tô-thài
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zìrán táotài
*** Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄖㄢˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zìhrán táotài
*** Wade–Giles: tzŭ$^4$-jan$^2$ tʻao$^2$-tʻai$^4$
*** Yale: dz̀-rán táu-tài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhran taurtay
*** Palladius: цзыжань таотай (czyžanʹ taotaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^6$ jin$^4$ tou$^4$ taai$^3$
*** Yale: jih yìhn tòuh taai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^6$ jin$^4$ tou$^4$ taai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^6$ yin$^4$ tou$^4$ tai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː²² jiːn²¹ tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-jiân tô-thài
*** Tâi-lô: tsū-jiân tô-thài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zuxjieen doi'taix
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ ziɛn²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr-jiân tô-thài
*** Tâi-lô: tsīr-jiân tô-thài

### Noun

自然淘汰
* natural selection

#### Synonyms

* 自然選擇／自然选择 (zìrán xuǎnzé)
* 天擇／天择 (tiānzé)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 自 | 然 | 淘 | 汰 |
| し Grade: 2 | ぜん Grade: 4 | とう Hyōgai | た Grade: S |
| kan'on | kan'on | kan'on | kan'yōon |

### Etymology

Calque of English natural selection.
From 自(し)然(ぜん) (shizen, “natural”) + 淘(とう)汰(た) (tōta, “selection”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しぜんとーた [shìzéń tóꜜòtà] (Nakadaka – [4])
* IPA: [ɕize̞n to̞ːta̠]

### Noun

自(し)然(ぜん)淘(とう)汰(た) • (shizen tōta)
* natural selection

#### Synonyms

* 自(し)然(ぜん)選(せん)択(たく) (shizen sentaku)

#### Related terms

* 進(しん)化(か) (shinka): evolution
* ダーウィニズム (dāwinizumu): Darwinism
* 適(てき)者(しゃ)生(せい)存(ぞん) (tekisha seizon): survival of the fittest

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 自然淘汰 (zìrán táotài)

### References

* Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
* ↑ “自然淘汰”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 自 | 然 | 淘 | 汰 |

### Noun

自然淘汰 • (jayeondotae) (hangeul 자연도태)
* hanja form of 자연도태
# ꦩꦤ꧀ꦢꦭ
## Javanese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Javanese maṇḍala (“circle, orb; district, territory; surface; sacred circle; religious community abode; religious community head; celestial path, celestial orbit”), from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, “circle”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /man.da.la/
* Rhymes: -la
* Hyphenation: man‧da‧la

### Noun

ꦩꦤ꧀ꦢꦭ (mandala)
* territory
# 麻囝
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): mua$^5$ gia$^2$
* Southern Min
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: mua$^5$ gia$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mua²² kia³¹/

### Noun

麻囝
* (Leizhou Min, pathology) measles

#### Synonyms

* 麻疹 (mázhěn)
* 痧子 (shāzi)
* (Hokkien) ha-sí-khah
# 鼋

| 鼋 | U+9F0B, &#40715; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F0B |
| ← 鼊 [U+9F0A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鼌 → [U+9F0C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鼋 (Kangxi radical 205, 黾+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一一山山 (MMUU) or 難一一山山 (XMMUU), composition ⿱元黾)
* large turtle, sea turtle

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1525, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4768, character 7
* Unihan data for U+9F0B

## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 鼋 – see 黿 (“Asian giant softshell turtle”). (This character is the simplified form of 黿).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 臭腥母
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhàu-chhiⁿ-bú
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhàu-chhiⁿ-bú
*** Tâi-lô: tshàu-tshinn-bú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhaochvi'buo
*** IPA (Kinmen): /t͡sʰau¹²⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² bu⁵³/

### Noun

臭腥母
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) python; boa

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蟒蛇, 蚺蛇 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 蟒蛇 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 蟒蛇 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 蟒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 蟒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 蟒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 蟒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 蟒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 蟒蛇, 蝻蛇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 蟒蛇 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 蝻蛇 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 蟒蛇, 蝻蛇 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 蝻蛇 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 蝻蛇 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 蝻蛇, 大蝻蛇 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 蝻蛇, 大蝻蛇 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 蝻蛇 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 蟒蛇, 蝻蛇 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 蝻蛇, 蟒 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蟒蛇 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 蟒蛇 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蝻蛇, 琴蛇 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 蟒蛇 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 蝻蛇 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蝻蛇 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 蝻蛇 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 蝻蛇 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 蝻蛇 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 蝻蛇, 大蝻蛇 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 蝻蛇, 大蝻蛇 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 蝻蛇, 大蝻蛇 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 蝻蛇, 大蝻蛇 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 蝻蛇, 琴蛇 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 琴蛇 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 蟒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蝻蛇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 蟒 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 錦蛇 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 錦蛇 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 錦蛇 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 錦蛇 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 錦蛇 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 錦蛇, 臭腥母 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 錦蛇 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 臭腥母 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 錦蛇 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 錦蛇 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 錦蛇 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Yongjing) | 蝻蛇, 錦蛇 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 錦蛇 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 蟒蛇 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 錦蛇 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 錦蛇, 大山剌 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) | 錦蛇, 蝻蛇, 過山刀 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 錦蛇, 臭腥母 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 錦蛇 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 錦蛇, 臭腥母 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 錦蛇 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 錦蛇 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 琴蛇, 蟒蛇 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 琴蛇 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 琴蛇 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Yun'ao) | 琴蛇 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 琴蛇 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 琴蛇 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 蝻蛇 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 蝻蛇 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 蝻蛇 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 蟒 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蟒蛇 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蟒蛇 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 蟒蛇 |
# ꦩꦔꦪꦸꦧꦒꦾ
## Javanese
### Etymology

Affixed ꦲꦪꦸ (ayu) +‎ ꦧꦒꦾ (bagya) +‎ N-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maŋajubaɡjɔ/

### Verb

ꦩꦔꦪꦸꦧꦒꦾ (mangayubagya)
* to welcome