# gqola
## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ᶢǃʱoːla/

### Verb

-gqola
* (intransitive) to be steep, to slope steeply

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukugqola |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukugqola | ukungagqoli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | gqola | -gqole |
| Plural | gqolani | -gqoleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyagqola, ngigqola | engigqolayo, engigqola | ngigqola | angigqoli | engingagqoli | ngingagqoli |
| 2nd singular | uyagqola, ugqola | ogqolayo, ogqola | ugqola | awugqoli | ongagqoli | ungagqoli |
| 1st plural | siyagqola, sigqola | esigqolayo, esigqola | sigqola | asigqoli | esingagqoli | singagqoli |
| 2nd plural | niyagqola, nigqola | enigqolayo, enigqola | nigqola | anigqoli | eningagqoli | ningagqoli |
| Class 1 | uyagqola, ugqola | ogqolayo, ogqola | egqola | akagqoli | ongagqoli | engagqoli |
| Class 2 | bayagqola, bagqola | abagqolayo, abagqola | begqola | abagqoli | abangagqoli | bengagqoli |
| Class 3 | uyagqola, ugqola | ogqolayo, ogqola | ugqola | awugqoli | ongagqoli | ungagqoli |
| Class 4 | iyagqola, igqola | egqolayo, egqola | igqola | ayigqoli | engagqoli | ingagqoli |
| Class 5 | liyagqola, ligqola | eligqolayo, eligqola | ligqola | aligqoli | elingagqoli | lingagqoli |
| Class 6 | ayagqola, agqola | agqolayo, agqola | egqola | awagqoli | angagqoli | engagqoli |
| Class 7 | siyagqola, sigqola | esigqolayo, esigqola | sigqola | asigqoli | esingagqoli | singagqoli |
| Class 8 | ziyagqola, zigqola | ezigqolayo, ezigqola | zigqola | azigqoli | ezingagqoli | zingagqoli |
| Class 9 | iyagqola, igqola | egqolayo, egqola | igqola | ayigqoli | engagqoli | ingagqoli |
| Class 10 | ziyagqola, zigqola | ezigqolayo, ezigqola | zigqola | azigqoli | ezingagqoli | zingagqoli |
| Class 11 | luyagqola, lugqola | olugqolayo, olugqola | lugqola | alugqoli | olungagqoli | lungagqoli |
| Class 14 | buyagqola, bugqola | obugqolayo, obugqola | bugqola | abugqoli | obungagqoli | bungagqoli |
| Class 15 | kuyagqola, kugqola | okugqolayo, okugqola | kugqola | akugqoli | okungagqoli | kungagqoli |
| Class 17 | kuyagqola, kugqola | okugqolayo, okugqola | kugqola | akugqoli | okungagqoli | kungagqoli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngigqolile, ngigqolē | engigqolile, engigqolē | ngigqolile, ngigqolē | angigqolanga | engingagqolanga | ngingagqolanga |
| 2nd singular | ugqolile, ugqolē | ogqolile, ogqolē | ugqolile, ugqolē | awugqolanga | ongagqolanga | ungagqolanga |
| 1st plural | sigqolile, sigqolē | esigqolile, esigqolē | sigqolile, sigqolē | asigqolanga | esingagqolanga | singagqolanga |
| 2nd plural | nigqolile, nigqolē | enigqolile, enigqolē | nigqolile, nigqolē | anigqolanga | eningagqolanga | ningagqolanga |
| Class 1 | ugqolile, ugqolē | ogqolile, ogqolē | egqolile, egqolē | akagqolanga | ongagqolanga | engagqolanga |
| Class 2 | bagqolile, bagqolē | abagqolile, abagqolē | begqolile, begqolē | abagqolanga | abangagqolanga | bengagqolanga |
| Class 3 | ugqolile, ugqolē | ogqolile, ogqolē | ugqolile, ugqolē | awugqolanga | ongagqolanga | ungagqolanga |
| Class 4 | igqolile, igqolē | egqolile, egqolē | igqolile, igqolē | ayigqolanga | engagqolanga | ingagqolanga |
| Class 5 | ligqolile, ligqolē | eligqolile, eligqolē | ligqolile, ligqolē | aligqolanga | elingagqolanga | lingagqolanga |
| Class 6 | agqolile, agqolē | agqolile, agqolē | egqolile, egqolē | awagqolanga | angagqolanga | engagqolanga |
| Class 7 | sigqolile, sigqolē | esigqolile, esigqolē | sigqolile, sigqolē | asigqolanga | esingagqolanga | singagqolanga |
| Class 8 | zigqolile, zigqolē | ezigqolile, ezigqolē | zigqolile, zigqolē | azigqolanga | ezingagqolanga | zingagqolanga |
| Class 9 | igqolile, igqolē | egqolile, egqolē | igqolile, igqolē | ayigqolanga | engagqolanga | ingagqolanga |
| Class 10 | zigqolile, zigqolē | ezigqolile, ezigqolē | zigqolile, zigqolē | azigqolanga | ezingagqolanga | zingagqolanga |
| Class 11 | lugqolile, lugqolē | olugqolile, olugqolē | lugqolile, lugqolē | alugqolanga | olungagqolanga | lungagqolanga |
| Class 14 | bugqolile, bugqolē | obugqolile, obugqolē | bugqolile, bugqolē | abugqolanga | obungagqolanga | bungagqolanga |
| Class 15 | kugqolile, kugqolē | okugqolile, okugqolē | kugqolile, kugqolē | akugqolanga | okungagqolanga | kungagqolanga |
| Class 17 | kugqolile, kugqolē | okugqolile, okugqolē | kugqolile, kugqolē | akugqolanga | okungagqolanga | kungagqolanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāgqola | engāgqola | ngāgqola | angigqolanga | engingagqolanga | ngingagqolanga |
| 2nd singular | wāgqola | owāgqola | wāgqola | awugqolanga | ongagqolanga | ungagqolanga |
| 1st plural | sāgqola | esāgqola | sāgqola | asigqolanga | esingagqolanga | singagqolanga |
| 2nd plural | nāgqola | enāgqola | nāgqola | anigqolanga | eningagqolanga | ningagqolanga |
| Class 1 | wāgqola | owāgqola | āgqola | akagqolanga | ongagqolanga | engagqolanga |
| Class 2 | bāgqola | abāgqola | bāgqola | abagqolanga | abangagqolanga | bengagqolanga |
| Class 3 | wāgqola | owāgqola | wāgqola | awugqolanga | ongagqolanga | ungagqolanga |
| Class 4 | yāgqola | eyāgqola | yāgqola | ayigqolanga | engagqolanga | ingagqolanga |
| Class 5 | lāgqola | elāgqola | lāgqola | aligqolanga | elingagqolanga | lingagqolanga |
| Class 6 | āgqola | āgqola | āgqola | awagqolanga | angagqolanga | engagqolanga |
| Class 7 | sāgqola | esāgqola | sāgqola | asigqolanga | esingagqolanga | singagqolanga |
| Class 8 | zāgqola | ezāgqola | zāgqola | azigqolanga | ezingagqolanga | zingagqolanga |
| Class 9 | yāgqola | eyāgqola | yāgqola | ayigqolanga | engagqolanga | ingagqolanga |
| Class 10 | zāgqola | ezāgqola | zāgqola | azigqolanga | ezingagqolanga | zingagqolanga |
| Class 11 | lwāgqola | olwāgqola | lwāgqola | alugqolanga | olungagqolanga | lungagqolanga |
| Class 14 | bāgqola | obāgqola | bāgqola | abugqolanga | obungagqolanga | bungagqolanga |
| Class 15 | kwāgqola | okwāgqola | kwāgqola | akugqolanga | okungagqolanga | kungagqolanga |
| Class 17 | kwāgqola | okwāgqola | kwāgqola | akugqolanga | okungagqolanga | kungagqolanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingagqola | — | ngingagqola | ngingegqole | — | ngingegqole |
| 2nd singular | ungagqola | — | ungagqola | ungegqole | — | ungegqole |
| 1st plural | singagqola | — | singagqola | singegqole | — | singegqole |
| 2nd plural | ningagqola | — | ningagqola | ningegqole | — | ningegqole |
| Class 1 | angagqola | — | engagqola | angegqole | — | engegqole |
| Class 2 | bangagqola | — | bengagqola | bangegqole | — | bengegqole |
| Class 3 | ungagqola | — | ungagqola | ungegqole | — | ungegqole |
| Class 4 | ingagqola | — | ingagqola | ingegqole | — | ingegqole |
| Class 5 | lingagqola | — | lingagqola | lingegqole | — | lingegqole |
| Class 6 | angagqola | — | engagqola | angegqole | — | engegqole |
| Class 7 | singagqola | — | singagqola | singegqole | — | singegqole |
| Class 8 | zingagqola | — | zingagqola | zingegqole | — | zingegqole |
| Class 9 | ingagqola | — | ingagqola | ingegqole | — | ingegqole |
| Class 10 | zingagqola | — | zingagqola | zingegqole | — | zingegqole |
| Class 11 | lungagqola | — | lungagqola | lungegqole | — | lungegqole |
| Class 14 | bungagqola | — | bungagqola | bungegqole | — | bungegqole |
| Class 15 | kungagqola | — | kungagqola | kungegqole | — | kungegqole |
| Class 17 | kungagqola | — | kungagqola | kungegqole | — | kungegqole |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizogqola | engizogqola | ngizogqola | angizugqola | engingezugqola | ngingezugqola |
| 2nd singular | uzogqola | ozogqola | uzogqola | awuzugqola | ongezugqola | ungezugqola |
| 1st plural | sizogqola | esizogqola | sizogqola | asizugqola | esingezugqola | singezugqola |
| 2nd plural | nizogqola | enizogqola | nizogqola | anizugqola | eningezugqola | ningezugqola |
| Class 1 | uzogqola | ozogqola | ezogqola | akazugqola | ongezugqola | engezugqola |
| Class 2 | bazogqola | abazogqola | bezogqola | abazugqola | abangezugqola | bengezugqola |
| Class 3 | uzogqola | ozogqola | uzogqola | awuzugqola | ongezugqola | ungezugqola |
| Class 4 | izogqola | ezogqola | izogqola | ayizugqola | engezugqola | ingezugqola |
| Class 5 | lizogqola | elizogqola | lizogqola | alizugqola | elingezugqola | lingezugqola |
| Class 6 | azogqola | azogqola | ezogqola | awazugqola | angezugqola | engezugqola |
| Class 7 | sizogqola | esizogqola | sizogqola | asizugqola | esingezugqola | singezugqola |
| Class 8 | zizogqola | ezizogqola | zizogqola | azizugqola | ezingezugqola | zingezugqola |
| Class 9 | izogqola | ezogqola | izogqola | ayizugqola | engezugqola | ingezugqola |
| Class 10 | zizogqola | ezizogqola | zizogqola | azizugqola | ezingezugqola | zingezugqola |
| Class 11 | luzogqola | oluzogqola | luzogqola | aluzugqola | olungezugqola | lungezugqola |
| Class 14 | buzogqola | obuzogqola | buzogqola | abuzugqola | obungezugqola | bungezugqola |
| Class 15 | kuzogqola | okuzogqola | kuzogqola | akuzugqola | okungezugqola | kungezugqola |
| Class 17 | kuzogqola | okuzogqola | kuzogqola | akuzugqola | okungezugqola | kungezugqola |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyogqola | engiyogqola | ngiyogqola | angiyugqola | engingeyugqola | ngingeyugqola |
| 2nd singular | uyogqola | oyogqola | uyogqola | awuyugqola | ongeyugqola | ungeyugqola |
| 1st plural | siyogqola | esiyogqola | siyogqola | asiyugqola | esingeyugqola | singeyugqola |
| 2nd plural | niyogqola | eniyogqola | niyogqola | aniyugqola | eningeyugqola | ningeyugqola |
| Class 1 | uyogqola | oyogqola | eyogqola | akayugqola | ongeyugqola | engeyugqola |
| Class 2 | bayogqola | abayogqola | beyogqola | abayugqola | abangeyugqola | bengeyugqola |
| Class 3 | uyogqola | oyogqola | uyogqola | awuyugqola | ongeyugqola | ungeyugqola |
| Class 4 | iyogqola | eyogqola | iyogqola | ayiyugqola | engeyugqola | ingeyugqola |
| Class 5 | liyogqola | eliyogqola | liyogqola | aliyugqola | elingeyugqola | lingeyugqola |
| Class 6 | ayogqola | ayogqola | eyogqola | awayugqola | angeyugqola | engeyugqola |
| Class 7 | siyogqola | esiyogqola | siyogqola | asiyugqola | esingeyugqola | singeyugqola |
| Class 8 | ziyogqola | eziyogqola | ziyogqola | aziyugqola | ezingeyugqola | zingeyugqola |
| Class 9 | iyogqola | eyogqola | iyogqola | ayiyugqola | engeyugqola | ingeyugqola |
| Class 10 | ziyogqola | eziyogqola | ziyogqola | aziyugqola | ezingeyugqola | zingeyugqola |
| Class 11 | luyogqola | oluyogqola | luyogqola | aluyugqola | olungeyugqola | lungeyugqola |
| Class 14 | buyogqola | obuyogqola | buyogqola | abuyugqola | obungeyugqola | bungeyugqola |
| Class 15 | kuyogqola | okuyogqola | kuyogqola | akuyugqola | okungeyugqola | kungeyugqola |
| Class 17 | kuyogqola | okuyogqola | kuyogqola | akuyugqola | okungeyugqola | kungeyugqola |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngigqole | ngingagqoli |
| 2nd singular | ugqole | ungagqoli |
| 1st plural | sigqole | singagqoli |
| 2nd plural | nigqole | ningagqoli |
| Class 1 | agqole | angagqoli |
| Class 2 | bagqole | bangagqoli |
| Class 3 | ugqole | ungagqoli |
| Class 4 | igqole | ingagqoli |
| Class 5 | ligqole | lingagqoli |
| Class 6 | agqole | angagqoli |
| Class 7 | sigqole | singagqoli |
| Class 8 | zigqole | zingagqoli |
| Class 9 | igqole | ingagqoli |
| Class 10 | zigqole | zingagqoli |
| Class 11 | lugqole | lungagqoli |
| Class 14 | bugqole | bungagqoli |
| Class 15 | kugqole | kungagqoli |
| Class 17 | kugqole | kungagqoli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngagqola | ngangagqola, angagqola, angangagqola |
| 2nd singular | wagqola | wangagqola, awagqola, awangagqola |
| 1st plural | sagqola | sangagqola, asagqola, asangagqola |
| 2nd plural | nagqola | nangagqola, anagqola, anangagqola |
| Class 1 | wagqola | wangagqola, akagqola, akangagqola |
| Class 2 | bagqola | bangagqola, abagqola, abangagqola |
| Class 3 | wagqola | wangagqola, awagqola, awangagqola |
| Class 4 | yagqola | yangagqola, ayagqola, ayangagqola |
| Class 5 | lagqola | langagqola, alagqola, alangagqola |
| Class 6 | agqola | angagqola, awagqola, awangagqola |
| Class 7 | sagqola | sangagqola, asagqola, asangagqola |
| Class 8 | zagqola | zangagqola, azagqola, azangagqola |
| Class 9 | yagqola | yangagqola, ayagqola, ayangagqola |
| Class 10 | zagqola | zangagqola, azagqola, azangagqola |
| Class 11 | lwagqola | lwangagqola, alwagqola, alwangagqola |
| Class 14 | bagqola | bangagqola, abagqola, abangagqola |
| Class 15 | kwagqola | kwangagqola, akwagqola, akwangagqola |
| Class 17 | kwagqola | kwangagqola, akwagqola, akwangagqola |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gqola”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gqola (6.3)”