# 改造
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǎizào
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄞˇ ㄗㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): goi$^2$ zou$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kói-chho
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kái-chǒ / kái-chō
    (Teochew, Peng'im): goi$^2$ zao$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǎizào
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˇ ㄗㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǎizào
*** Wade–Giles: kai$^3$-tsao$^4$
*** Yale: gǎi-dzàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaetzaw
*** Palladius: гайцзао (gajczao)
*** Sinological IPA : /kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: goi$^2$ zou$^6$
*** Yale: gói jouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: goi$^2$ dzou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: goi$^2$ zou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːi̯³⁵ t͡sou̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kói-chho
*** Hakka Romanization System: goi$^ˋ$ co
*** Hagfa Pinyim: goi$^3$ co$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /koi̯³¹ t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kái-chǒ
*** Tâi-lô: kái-tsǒ
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡so²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kái-chō
*** Tâi-lô: kái-tsō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kayzoi
*** IPA (Taipei): /kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡so³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɤ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡so²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: goi$^2$ zao$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kói tsău
*** Sinological IPA : /koi⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sau³⁵/

### Verb

改造
* (transitive) to transform; to remodel
    改造社會／改造社会 ― gǎizào shèhuì ― to transform society
* (transitive) to reform (a person's thinking); to rehabilitate; to remould
    改造自我 ― gǎizào zìwǒ ― to reform oneself

#### Synonyms

* (to transform):
* 修改 (xiūgǎi)
* 切換／切换 (qiēhuàn)
* 改動／改动 (gǎidòng)
* 改換／改换 (gǎihuàn)
* 改觀／改观 (gǎiguān) (to change appearance, to change one's view)
* 改變／改变 (gǎibiàn)
* 更動／更动 (gēngdòng)
* 更換／更换 (gēnghuàn)
* 更改 (gēnggǎi)
* 游移 (yóuyí)
* 移 (yí)
* 移易 (yíyì) (literary)
* 竄／窜 (cuàn) (literary, or in compounds, to revise text)
* 竄亂／窜乱 (cuànluàn) (literary)
* 變／变 (biàn)
* 變換／变换 (biànhuàn)
* 變易／变易 (biànyì)
* 變更／变更 (biàngēng)
* 變變／变变 (Hokkien)
* 變革／变革 (biàngé) (chiefly social systems)
* 轉化／转化 (zhuǎnhuà)
* 轉換／转换 (zhuǎnhuàn)
* 轉變／转变 (zhuǎnbiàn)
* 遷／迁 (qiān)
* 革變／革变 (gébiàn) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 城市改造 (chéngshì gǎizào)
* 基因改造 (jīyīn gǎizào)
* 技術改造／技术改造 (jìshù gǎizào)

#### Related terms

* 籌建／筹建 (chóujiàn)
* 改建 (gǎijiàn)
* 建立 (jiànlì)
* 修建 (xiūjiàn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 改 | 造 |
| かい Grade: 4 | ぞう Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

改(かい)造(ぞう) • (kaizō)
* remodelling
* reorganization

### Verb

改(かい)造(ぞう)する • (kaizō suru) transitive suru (stem 改(かい)造(ぞう)し (kaizō shi), past 改(かい)造(ぞう)した (kaizō shita))
* remodel
    住宅(じゅうたく)を改造(かいぞう)する
       jūtaku o kaizō suru
       remodel a house
* reorganize, reshuffle

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 改造し | かいぞうし | kaizō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 改造し | かいぞうし | kaizō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 改造する | かいぞうする | kaizō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 改造する | かいぞうする | kaizō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 改造すれ | かいぞうすれ | kaizō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 改造せよ¹ 改造しろ² | かいぞうせよ¹ かいぞうしろ² | kaizō seyo¹ kaizō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 改造される | かいぞうされる | kaizō sareru |
| Causative | 改造させる 改造さす | かいぞうさせる かいぞうさす | kaizō saseru kaizō sasu |
| Potential | 改造できる | かいぞうできる | kaizō dekiru |
| Volitional | 改造しよう | かいぞうしよう | kaizō shiyō |
| Negative | 改造しない | かいぞうしない | kaizō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 改造せず | かいぞうせず | kaizō sezu |
| Formal | 改造します | かいぞうします | kaizō shimasu |
| Perfective | 改造した | かいぞうした | kaizō shita |
| Conjunctive | 改造して | かいぞうして | kaizō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 改造すれば | かいぞうすれば | kaizō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Descendants

* ⇒ English: kaizo

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 改 | 造 |

### Noun

改造 • (gaejo) (hangeul 개조)
* hanja form of 개조 (“remodelling”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 改 | 造 |

### Verb

改造
* chữ Hán form of cải tạo (“to renovate; reconstruct”).
* chữ Hán form of cải tạo (“to reeducate; rehabilitate”).