# -ják
## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jaːk]

### Etymology 1

From -ja (third-person singular suffix) +‎ -k (plural suffix).

#### Suffix

-ják
* (personal suffix) Forms the third-person plural present indicative of verbs (definite conjugation).
    hall (“to hear”) → Nem hallják, amit mondasz. ― They can’t hear what you are saying.

##### Usage notes

* See harmonic variants in the table below.
| Person | Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | Front vowel |
| Person | Person | Back vowel | unrounded | rounded |
| én | 1st person singular | -om | -em | -öm |
| te | 2nd person singular | -od | -ed | -öd |
| ő maga ön | 3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular | -ja | -i | -i |
| mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | -jük |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -itek | -itek |
| ők maguk önök | 3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural | -ják | -ik | -ik |
| See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |||||

### Etymology 2

From -j (subjunctive suffix) +‎ -ák (personal suffix).

#### Suffix

-ják
* (personal suffix) Forms the third-person plural (and formal second-person plural) subjunctive of verbs (definite conjugation).
    ír (“to write”) → Hova írják a nevüket a gyerekek? ― Where should the children write their names?
    Írják le a nevüket! (addressing multiple persons, i.e., formal, plural “you”) ― Write down your names!

##### Usage notes

* See harmonic variants in the table below.
| Person | Person | Back vowel | Front vowel |
| én | 1st person singular | -jam | -jem |
| te | 2nd person singular | -d | -d |
| te | long form | -jad | -jed |
| ő maga / ön | 3rd person singular | -ja | -je |
| mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -jétek |
| ők maguk / önök | 3rd person plural | -ják | -jék |
| See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. ||||
| Verb ending | Assimilation rules of -j | Assimilation rules of -j | Assimilation rules of -j |
| s sz z dz | The -j assimilates to the verb ending:   keres →‎ keress   metsz →‎ metssz   hoz →‎ hozz   edz →‎ eddz (No change in the short -d form of 2nd-person singular definite: keresd, metszd, hozd, edzd.) | The -j assimilates to the verb ending:   keres →‎ keress   metsz →‎ metssz   hoz →‎ hozz   edz →‎ eddz (No change in the short -d form of 2nd-person singular definite: keresd, metszd, hozd, edzd.) | The -j assimilates to the verb ending:   keres →‎ keress   metsz →‎ metssz   hoz →‎ hozz   edz →‎ eddz (No change in the short -d form of 2nd-person singular definite: keresd, metszd, hozd, edzd.) |
| st szt | The -t is removed, the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz:   fest →‎ fess   fáraszt →‎ fárassz Short -d forms: fesd, fáraszd. | The -t is removed, the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz:   fest →‎ fess   fáraszt →‎ fárassz Short -d forms: fesd, fáraszd. | The -t is removed, the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz:   fest →‎ fess   fáraszt →‎ fárassz Short -d forms: fesd, fáraszd. |
| long vowel + t or consonant + t | The -j becomes -s:   segít →‎ segíts   bont →‎ bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss Short -d forms: segítsd, bontsd; lásd, bocsásd. | The -j becomes -s:   segít →‎ segíts   bont →‎ bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss Short -d forms: segítsd, bontsd; lásd, bocsásd. | The -j becomes -s:   segít →‎ segíts   bont →‎ bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss Short -d forms: segítsd, bontsd; lásd, bocsásd. |
| short vowel + t | Both the stem-final -t and the -j become -s:   mutat → mutass, szeret → szeress Short -d forms: mutasd, szeresd. | Both the stem-final -t and the -j become -s:   mutat → mutass, szeret → szeress Short -d forms: mutasd, szeresd. | Both the stem-final -t and the -j become -s:   mutat → mutass, szeret → szeress Short -d forms: mutasd, szeresd. |

### See also

* Category:Hungarian verb forms
* Appendix:Hungarian suffixes