OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *nēhwijaną. By surface analysis, 𐌽𐌴𐍈 (nēƕ, “near, close”) +‎ -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈneːʍjan/

### Verb

𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (nēƕjan)
* to approach

#### Conjugation

Only attested in the masculine nominative plural of the present participle.
Class 1 weak :
| Infinitive | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽 nēƕjan | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽 nēƕjan | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽 nēƕjan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰 nēƕja | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌰 nēƕida | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 nēƕjada |
| 2nd singular | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌴𐌹𐍃 nēƕeis | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 nēƕidēs | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 nēƕjaza |
| 3rd singular | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌸 nēƕeiþ | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌰 nēƕida | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 nēƕjada |
| 1st dual | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐍉𐍃 nēƕjōs | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 nēƕidēdu | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 nēƕjats | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 nēƕidēduts | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌼 nēƕjam | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 nēƕidēdum | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 nēƕjanda |
| 2nd plural | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌸 nēƕeiþ | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 nēƕidēduþ | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 nēƕjanda |
| 3rd plural | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 nēƕjand | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 nēƕidēdun | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 nēƕjanda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌿 nēƕjau | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 nēƕidēdjau | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 nēƕjaidau |
| 2nd singular | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 nēƕjais | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 nēƕidēdeis | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 nēƕjaizau |
| 3rd singular | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹 nēƕjai | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 nēƕidēdi | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 nēƕjaidau |
| 1st dual | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 nēƕjaiwa | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 nēƕidēdeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 nēƕjaits | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 nēƕidēdeits | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 nēƕjaima | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 nēƕidēdeima | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 nēƕjaindau |
| 2nd plural | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 nēƕjaiþ | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 nēƕidēdeiþ | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 nēƕjaindau |
| 3rd plural | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 nēƕjaina | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 nēƕidēdeina | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 nēƕjaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌴𐌹 nēƕei | | |
| 3rd singular | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 nēƕjadau | | |
| 2nd dual | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 nēƕjats | | |
| 2nd plural | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌸 nēƕeiþ | | |
| 3rd plural | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 nēƕjandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 nēƕjands | 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌸𐍃 nēƕiþs | |

#### Derived terms

* 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽 (atnēƕjan)
* 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰 (nēƕundja)
# 𑀫𑀭𑀫𑁆
## Old Tamil
### Etymology

Derived from Proto-Dravidian *maran.

### Noun

𑀫𑀭𑀫𑁆 (maram)
* tree

#### Descendants

* Tamil: மரம் (maram)
* Malayalam: മരം (maraṁ)
# 𑀫𑀬𑀸
## Ashokan Prakrit
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit मया (mayā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH.

### Pronoun

𑀫𑀬𑀸 (mayā)
* instrumental singular of 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ)
** c. 258 BCE, Aśoka, Minor Rock Edict 1 Brahmagiri.2-3:𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓𑁂 𑀢𑀼 𑀔𑁄 𑀲𑀁𑀯𑀙𑀭𑁂𑀁 𑀬𑀁 𑀫𑀬𑀸 𑀲𑀁𑀖𑁂 𑀉𑀧𑀬𑀻𑀢𑁂 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 𑀘 𑀫𑁂 𑀧𑀓𑀁𑀢𑁂sātireke tu kho saṃvachareṃ yaṃ mayā saṃghe upayīte bāḍhaṃ ca me pakaṃte1925 translation by Eugen HultzschBut indeed a year and somewhat more (has passed) since I have visited the Saṁgha and have been very zealous.

#### Alternative forms

Attested at Brahmagiri, Nittur and Yerragudi.
Dialectal forms of 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (“I”) :
| Variety | Location | Lemmas | Forms |
| Central | Kalsi | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) | |
| Central | Delhi-Topra | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) | |
| Central | Rupnath | 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi), 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (sumi hakaṃ) | 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 nom.sg (sumi), 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg; ins.sg (sumi hakaṃ) |
| Central | Bairat | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) | $^?$𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), 𑀫𑀫𑀬𑀸 ins.sg (mamayā) |
| Central | Sahasram | 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi) | 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 nom.sg (sumi) |
| Central | Gujarra | 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ), 𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺 (smi) | 𑀅𑀳𑀁 nom.sg (ahaṃ), $^?$𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺 nom.sg (smi), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me) |
| Central | Calcutta-Bairat | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) | |
| Central | Panguraria | 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi) | 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 nom.sg; ins.sg (sumi) |
| Central | Bahapur | 𑀳𑀓𑁂 (hake) | 𑀳𑀓𑁂 nom.sg (hake), 𑀳𑀫𑀬𑁂 ins.sg (hamaye) |
| East | Dhauli | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) | |
| East | Jaugada | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) | |
| Northwest | Shahbazgarhi | 𐨀𐨱𐨎 (ahaṃ) | |
| Northwest | Mansehra | 𐨀𐨀𐨎 (aaṃ) | |
| West | Girnar | 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ) | |
| South | Yerragudi | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), 𑀫𑀬𑀸 ins.sg (mayā), 𑀫𑁂 gen.sg (me), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me) |
| South | Siddapura | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) | $^?$𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), $^?$𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me) |
| South | Brahmagiri | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), 𑀫𑀬𑀸 ins.sg (mayā), 𑀫𑁃 gen.sg (mai), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me) |
| South | Maski | 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi) | 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 nom.sg; ins.sg (sumi) |
| South | Jatinga-Rameshwara | 𑀬𑁄 (yo), 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), $^?$𑀬𑁄 ins.sg (yo) |
| South | Rajula-Mandagiri | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) | 𑀫𑁂 gen.sg (me), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me) |
| South | Udegolam | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 nom.sg (hakaṃ), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me) |
| South | Nittur | 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) | 𑀫𑀬𑀸 ins.sg (mayā), $^?$𑀫𑁂 gen.sg (me), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me) |
| South | Gavimath | 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi), 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) | 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 nom.sg (sumi), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me), 𑀫𑁂 ins.sg (me) |
Map of dialectal forms of 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (“I”) :
* 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) (27) 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 (sumi) (5) 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ) (3) 𑀳𑀓𑁂 (hake) (2) 𑀬𑁄 (yo) (1) 𐨀𐨱𐨎 (ahaṃ) (1) 𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀺 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (sumi hakaṃ) (1) 𐨀𐨀𐨎 (aaṃ) (1) 𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺 (smi) (1)

#### Descendants

* Prakrit: 𑀫𑀏 (mae) (see there for further descendants)
# 𐕚𐔴𐕣𐔰𐕙
## Aghwan
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Συχάρ (Sukhár).

### Proper noun

𐕚𐔴𐕣𐔰𐕙 (sekar)
* (biblical) Sychar, a city in Samaria
** Bible John.4,5:𐕆𐔴𐕘𐔰𐕛𐔰𐕆𐔶 𐕣𐔰𐔾𐔰𐕣𐔰 𐕚𐔰 𐕚𐔰𐕌𐔰𐕙𐔰𐕒𐕡𐕘𐕒𐔺 𐕂𐔼𐕄𐔰𐕆𐔰𐕎𐔰𐔺𐕜𐕒𐕡𐕄𐔴𐕆𐔶 𐕚𐔴𐕣𐔰𐕙:heġavahē kalaka sa samarauġoy c̣iḳahanayṭuḳehē sekar:He was coming to one town of the Samaritans which is called Sekar.

### Further reading

* Gippert J., Schulze W., Aleksidze Z., Mahé J.-P., editors (2009), The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mount Sinai (Monumenta Palaeographica Medii Aevi: Series Ibero-Caucasica; 2), volume 1, Turnhout: Brepols, →ISBN, page III-4
# 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

From 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰- (faura-) +‎ 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gasandjan).

### Verb

𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (fauragasandjan)
* to send forth
** 2 Corinthians 9:3
    𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌱𐍂𐍉𐌸𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃, 𐌴𐌹 𐍈𐍉𐍆𐍄𐌿𐌻𐌹 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌰 𐍃𐍉 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐌹̈𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌽𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐌹 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌰 𐌹̈𐌽 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐌰𐌹, 𐌴𐌹 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌵𐌰𐌸 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸aþþan fauragasandida brōþruns, ei ƕōftuli unsara sō fram ïzwis ni waurþi lausa ïn þizai halbai, ei swaswē qaþ gamanwidai sijaiþ(KJV) Yet have I sent the brethren, lest our boasting of you should be in vain in this behalf; that, as I said, ye may be ready

#### Inflection

Class 1 weak :
| Infinitive | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 fauragasandjan | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 fauragasandjan | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 fauragasandjan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰 fauragasandja | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 fauragasandida | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 fauragasandjada |
| 2nd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 fauragasandeis | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 fauragasandidēs | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 fauragasandjaza |
| 3rd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 fauragasandeiþ | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 fauragasandida | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 fauragasandjada |
| 1st dual | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 fauragasandjōs | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 fauragasandidēdu | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 fauragasandjats | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 fauragasandidēduts | — |
| 1st plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼 fauragasandjam | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 fauragasandidēdum | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 fauragasandjanda |
| 2nd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 fauragasandeiþ | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 fauragasandidēduþ | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 fauragasandjanda |
| 3rd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 fauragasandjand | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 fauragasandidēdun | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 fauragasandjanda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 fauragasandjau | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 fauragasandidēdjau | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 fauragasandjaidau |
| 2nd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 fauragasandjais | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 fauragasandidēdeis | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 fauragasandjaizau |
| 3rd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹 fauragasandjai | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 fauragasandidēdi | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 fauragasandjaidau |
| 1st dual | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 fauragasandjaiwa | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 fauragasandidēdeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 fauragasandjaits | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 fauragasandidēdeits | — |
| 1st plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 fauragasandjaima | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 fauragasandidēdeima | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 fauragasandjaindau |
| 2nd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 fauragasandjaiþ | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 fauragasandidēdeiþ | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 fauragasandjaindau |
| 3rd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 fauragasandjaina | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 fauragasandidēdeina | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 fauragasandjaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 fauragasandei | | |
| 3rd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 fauragasandjadau | | |
| 2nd dual | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 fauragasandjats | | |
| 2nd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 fauragasandeiþ | | |
| 3rd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 fauragasandjandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 fauragasandjands | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌸𐍃 fauragasandiþs | |
# 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃
## Gothic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *stiklaz, a derivation of *stikiz (whence also Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐍃 (stiks, “point”)). Cognates include Old Norse stikill (“pointed end of the horn”), Old High German stehhal (“goblet”), Dutch stekel and English stickle.

### Noun

𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃 • (stikls) m
* beaker, chalice, goblet

#### Declension

Masculine a-stem :
| | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃 stikls | 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍉𐍃 stiklōs |
| Vocative | 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻 stikl | 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍉𐍃 stiklōs |
| Accusative | 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻 stikl | 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐌰𐌽𐍃 stiklans |
| Genitive | 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐌹𐍃 stiklis | 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐌴 stiklē |
| Dative | 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐌰 stikla | 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐌰𐌼 stiklam |

#### Descendants

* → Baltic (perhaps via Slavic intermediaries)
** Latvian: stikls
** Lithuanian: stìklas
** Old Prussian: sticlo
* → Proto-Slavic: *stьklo (see there for further descendants)
# 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻
## Gothic
### Noun

𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻 • (stikl)
* accusative singular of 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃 (stikls)
# 𑀥𑁂𑀚𑁆𑀚
## Prakrit
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit धैर्य (dhairya).

### Noun

𑀥𑁂𑀚𑁆𑀚 (dhĕjja) n (Devanagari धेज्ज)
* patience
    Synonym: 𑀔𑀁𑀢𑀺 (khaṃti)

#### Declension
### References

* Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “धेज्ज”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 492.
# 𐰪𐰃𐰍
## Old Turkic
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ańïg (“evil, sin”), equivalent to 𐰪 (ań-, “to fear”) +‎ 𐰃𐰍 (-ïɣ). Cognate with Old Uyghur ʾʾyyγ (ayïɣ, “bad, extremely”), Karakhanid اَيِغْ (ayïɣ, “very, extremely”), Yakut аньыы (anyıı, “sin, evil”).

### Adjective

𐰪𐰃𐰍 (ańïɣ)
* bad, evil
    Synonyms: 𐰖𐰉𐰕 (yabïz), 𐰖𐰉𐰞𐰴 (yablaq)
    Antonym: 𐰓𐰏𐰇 (edgü)
** 8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S5
    𐰖𐰍𐰺𐰆:𐰸𐰆𐰦𐰸𐰑𐰀:𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰼𐰀:𐰪𐰍:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏:𐰦𐰀:𐰇𐰘𐰇𐰼:𐰼𐰢𐰾yaɣuru:qontuqda:kisre:ańïɣ:bilig:anta:öyür:ermišAfter such people have settled close to them, they are said to plan their ill will there.

### Adverb

𐰪𐰃𐰍 (ańïɣ)
* very, extremely
** 9th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 22
    𐰨𐰀:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰭𐰠𐰼:𐰢𐰆𐰭𐰞𐰆𐰍:𐰆𐰞:𐰪𐰃𐰍:𐰖𐰉𐰞𐰴:𐰆𐰞anča:biliŋler:muŋluɣ:ol:ańïɣ:yablaq:olKnow thus: it is distressing (and) very bad.

### Alternative forms

* 𐰪𐰍 (ańïɣ) (Orkhon Turkic)

### References

* Tekin, Talât (1968) “ańïγ”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 306
* Tekin, Talât (1993) “(a)ny(ı)g”, in Irk Bitig: The Book of Omens, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 48
* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “añığ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 182
* Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*(i)ańɨg”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
# 𐰨𐰆𐰞𐰀
## Old Turkic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 暗償 (MC 'omH dzyang|dzyangH) and suffixed with 𐰞𐰀 (-la).

### Verb

𐰨𐰆𐰞𐰀 (ančula-)
* to present, offer
** 8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E32
    𐰆𐰭:𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰸:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰲𐰃𐰤:𐰖𐰺𐰴𐰞𐰍:𐰠𐰏𐰤:𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰑𐰃:𐰖𐰺𐰴𐰞𐰍𐰑𐰃:𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰴𐰀:𐰨𐰆𐰞𐰑𐰃oŋ:tutuq:yurčïn:yaraqlïɣ:eligin:tutdï:yaraqlïɣdï:qaɣanqa:ančuladïHe took the governor's brother-in-law prisoner while he had weapons in his hands, and presented him.

### References

* Tekin, Talât (1968) “ančula-”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 302
* Ölmez, Mehmet (1995). “Eski Türk Yazıtlarında Yabancı Öğeler”. Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları. 5: 227-229.
* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ançu:la:-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 175
# 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴
## Gothic
### Participle

𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 • (fraujinōndanē)
* genitive masculine/neuter plural of 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (fraujinōnds), the present participle of 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (fraujinōn)
# 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌼
## Gothic
### Noun

𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌼 • (frastim)
* dative plural of 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (frasts)
# 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃
## Gothic
### Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Participle

𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 • (fraujinōnds)
* present participle of 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (fraujinōn)

##### Declension

An/īn-stem, strong in m. nom. sg. :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃, 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰 fraujinōnds, fraujinōnda | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 fraujinōndei | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍉 fraujinōndō |
| Accusative | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 fraujinōndan | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 fraujinōndein | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍉 fraujinōndō |
| Genitive | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 fraujinōndins | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 fraujinōndeins | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 fraujinōndins |
| Dative | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 fraujinōndin | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 fraujinōndein | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 fraujinōndin |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 fraujinōndans | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 fraujinōndeins | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 fraujinōndōna |
| Accusative | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 fraujinōndans | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 fraujinōndeins | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 fraujinōndōna |
| Genitive | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 fraujinōndanē | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉 fraujinōndeinō | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 fraujinōndanē |
| Dative | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 fraujinōndam | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼 fraujinōndeim | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 fraujinōndam |

### Etymology 2

Substantivized from the above; 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (fraujinōn) +‎ -𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ōnds)

#### Noun

𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 • (fraujinōnds) m
* ruler

##### Declension

Masculine nd-stem :
| | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 fraujinōnds | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 fraujinōnds |
| Vocative | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳 fraujinōnd | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 fraujinōnds |
| Accusative | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳 fraujinōnd | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 fraujinōnds |
| Genitive | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃 fraujinōndis | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌴 fraujinōndē |
| Dative | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳 fraujinōnd | 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 fraujinōndam |
# 𓈘

| 𓈘 | U+13218, &#78360; EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N036 |
| Gardiner number: | N36 |
| ← 𓈗 [U+13217] | Egyptian Hieroglyphs | 𓈙 → [U+13219] |

## Egyptian
### Symbol

* Biliteral phonogram for mr.
* Biliteral phonogram for mj, as in mjzt (“liver”), mjꜥḥꜥt (“tomb”). [since the 18th Dynasty]
* Logogram for mr (“canal”).
* Determinative for bodies of water, interchanging with 𓈙 ( ) in early times.
* Used in or , a composite determinative for bodies of water. [since the 18th Dynasty]
* Determinative for irrigated land. [8th–11th Dynasty]

### References

* Gardiner, Alan (1957) Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, third edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 491
* Henry George Fischer (1988) Ancient Egyptian Calligraphy: A Beginner’s Guide to Writing Hieroglyphs, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, →ISBN, pages 35–36
* Betrò, Maria Carmela (1995) Geroglifici: 580 Segni per Capire l'Antico Egitto, Milan: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore S.p.A., →ISBN
* David Nunn, A Palaeography of Polychrome Hieroglyphs (2020)
# 𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪
## Prakrit
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit अभ्र (abhra).

### Noun

𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪 (abbha) n (Devanagari अब्भ)
* cloud
# 𐰖𐱃
## Old Turkic
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yat- (“to lie down”). Cognate with Khalaj yatmaq, Turkish yatmak, Kyrgyz жатуу (jatuu), Yakut сыт (sıt).

### Verb

𐰖𐱃 (yat-)
* (intransitive) to lie down
** 9th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 3
    𐱃𐰣𐰢:𐱅𐰇𐰾𐰃:𐱃𐰴𐰃:𐱅𐰇𐰚𐰀:𐰢𐰔𐰚𐰤:𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰖𐰑𐰀:𐰖𐱃𐰯𐰣:𐱃𐰯𐰞:𐰀𐰑𐰆𐰴𐰢𐰃𐰤:𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰺:𐰢𐰤:𐰾𐰋𐰓𐰜𐰢𐰃𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐰘𐰇𐰼:𐰢𐰤tanïm:tüsi:taqï:tükemezken:taluyda:yatïpan:tapladuqumïn:tutar:men:sebdükümin:yéyür:menAlthough the feathers of my body are not yet fully grown, lying down by the sea, I catch what I please (and) I eat what I like.

### References

* Tekin, Talât (1968) “yat-”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 399
* Tekin, Talât (1993) “y(a)t-”, in Irk Bitig: The Book of Omens, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 68
* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ürüŋ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 233
* Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jạt-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
# 𞋃

| 𞋃 | U+1E2C3, &#123587; WANCHO LETTER CA |
| ← 𞋂 [U+1E2C2] | Wancho | 𞋄 → [U+1E2C4] |

## Wancho
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃ/

### Letter

𞋃 (ca)
* The third letter and a consonant of the Wancho alphabet.
# 𑀔𑀡𑀤𑀺
## Prakrit
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit खनति (khánati). Cognate with Maharastri Prakrit 𑀔𑀡𑀇 (khaṇaï), Pali khanati.

### Verb

𑀔𑀡𑀤𑀺 (khaṇadi) (Devanagari खणदि) (transitive) (Śaurasenī)
* to dig

#### Descendants

* Hindustani: khannā
    Hindi: खनना
    Urdu: کَھنْنا (khannā)

### Further reading

* Sir George Abraham Grierson (1924) “The Prakrit Dhātv-ādēśas: According to the Western and the Eastern Schools of Prakrit Grammarians.”, in Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal‎, volume VIII, number 2, Calcutta, page 130.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “khaṇaï”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# 𗆿

| 𗆿 | U+171BF, &#94655; TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-171BF |
| ← 𗆾 [U+171BE] | Tangut | 𗇀 → [U+171C0] |

## Tangut
### Pronunciation

* (Li Fanwen 2008): *phiar¹
* (Miyake 2019): *¹phar₂
* (Kychanov 2006): *phậ¹
* (Sofronov 1968): *phậ¹

### Definitions

𗆿 (radical 𘠐+14, 16 strokes, composition ⿰𘠐⿱𘧉⿰𘦛𘠢)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* 𘝞𗗚 [*ꞏjwɨr² ŋjow², Wénhǎi / Sea of Writing] (in Tangut), 12th c.: Level Tone volume, folio 84?, column 6, character 1
* 𗙏𘙰 [*ɣiẹ² lew², Tóngyīn / Homophones] (in Tangut), 12th c.:
   * A edition: folio 09A, column 4, character 3
   * B edition: folio 09B, column 6, character 4
* Li Fanwen (2012) 簡明夏漢字典 [Concise Xia-Han Dictionary] (in Chinese), revised edition, character 2916
* Miyake, Marc (2019) “Tangut Phonetic Database 4.0”, in amritas.com
* Kychanov, Yevgeny (2006) Словарь тангутского (Си Ся) языка [Slovarʹ tangutskovo (Si Sja) jazyka, Dictionary of the Tangut (Xi Xia) Language] (in Russian), character 4108-0
* Sofronov, Mikhail Viktorovich (1968) Грамматика тангутского языка [Grammatika tangutskovo jazyka, Grammar of the Tangut Language] (in Russian), character 1478
# 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁
## Prakrit
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit त्वम् (tvám).

### Pronoun

𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 (tumaṃ) (Devanagari तुमं) (Śaurasenī)
* you

#### Descendants

* Hindustani: tū
    Hindi: तू
    Urdu: تُو (tū)

### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “tumaṁ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 336
# 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂
## Ashokan Prakrit
### Etymology

From Sanskrit युष्मद् (yuṣmad, 2pl.pers) with analogy to त्वम् (tvam, 2sg.pers). Cognate with Pali tumhe.

### Pronoun

𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe)
* you all; second-person plural personal pronoun

#### Alternative forms

Attested at Dhauli, Jaugada and Sarnath.
Dialectal forms of 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (“you all”) :
| Variety | Location | Lemmas |
| Central | Sarnath | 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe) |
| East | Dhauli | 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe) |
| East | Jaugada | 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe) |
Map of dialectal forms of 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (“you all”) :
* 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe) (3)

#### Descendants

* Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (tubbhe)
** Awadhi: तुम (tum)
* Khasa Prakrit:
** Nepali: तिमी (timī)
* Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe)
** Early Assamese: তুহ্মি (tumhi)
*** Assamese: তুমি (tumi)
** Old Bengali: তুহ্মি (tumhi)
*** Bengali: তুমি (tumi)
* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe), 𑀢𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (tubbhe) — Ardhamāgadhī
** Gujarati: તમે (tame)
** Konkani: तुमि (tumi)
** Old Marathi:
    Modi script: 𑘝𑘳𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘹 (tumhe), 𑘝𑘳𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘲𑘽 (tumhīṃ)
    Devanagari script: तुम्हे (tumhe), तुम्ही (tumhī)
*** Marathi: तुम्ही (tumhī)
** Punjabi: ਤੁਸੀਂ (tusī̃)
** Romani: tumen, tume
** Sauraseni Apabhramsa: तुम्हि (tumhi)
*** Hindustani: tum, tame
    Hindi: तुम, तमे
    Urdu: تم, تمہیں
* Paisaci Prakrit:
** Takka Apabhramsa:
*** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਤੁਸੀਂ (tusī̃)
    Shahmukhi script: تُسیں (tuseṉ)
** Vracada Apabhramsa:
*** Sindhi:
    Devanagari script: तव्हीं
    Arabic script: تَوِهِين
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe), 𑀢𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (tubbhe) — Ardhamāgadhī
** Gujarati: તમે (tame)
** Konkani: तुमि (tumi)
** Old Marathi:
    Modi script: 𑘝𑘳𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘹 (tumhe), 𑘝𑘳𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘲𑘽 (tumhīṃ)
    Devanagari script: तुम्हे (tumhe), तुम्ही (tumhī)
*** Marathi: तुम्ही (tumhī)
** Punjabi: ਤੁਸੀਂ (tusī̃)
** Romani: tumen, tume
** Sauraseni Apabhramsa: तुम्हि (tumhi)
*** Hindustani: tum, tame
    Hindi: तुम, तमे
    Urdu: تم, تمہیں

### References

* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “yuṣmad”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
* Sen, Sukumar (1960) A Comparative Grammar of Middle Indo-Aryan, Linguistic Society of India, page 111.
# 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂
## Pali
### Alternative forms

* tumhe (Latin script)
* तुम्हे (Devanagari script)
* তুম্হে (Bengali script)
* තුම‍්හෙ (Sinhalese script)
* တုမှေ (Burmese script)
* ตุมฺเห or ตุมเห (Thai script)
* ᨲᩩᨾ᩠ᩉᩮ (Tai Tham script)
* ຕຸມ຺ເຫ or ຕຸມເຫ (Lao script)
* តុម្ហេ (Khmer script)
* 𑄖𑄪𑄟𑄴𑄦𑄬 (Chakma script)

### Pronoun

𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe)
* Brahmi script form of tumhe, which is nominative/accusative plural of 𑀢𑁆𑀯𑀁 (tvaṃ, “you”)

## Prakrit
### Alternative forms

* 𑀢𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (tubbhe) — Ardhamāgadhī

### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit युष्मे (yuṣme, locative of युष्मद् (yuṣmad, “you all”)), with the initial consonant replaced by that of त्वम् (tvám, whence 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 (tumaṃ)). Attested c. 268-232 BCE in Middle Indo-Aryan as Ashokan Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe). Cognate with Pali tumhe.

### Pronoun

𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe) (Devanagari तुम्हे, Kannada ತುಮ್ಹೇ) (Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)
* you all; second-person plural personal pronoun

#### Descendants

* Gujarati: તમે (tame)
* Konkani: तुमि (tumi)
* Old Marathi:
    Modi script: 𑘝𑘳𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘹 (tumhe), 𑘝𑘳𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘲𑘽 (tumhīṃ)
    Devanagari script: तुम्हे (tumhe), तुम्ही (tumhī)
** Marathi: तुम्ही (tumhī)
* Punjabi: ਤੁਸੀਂ (tusī̃)
* Romani: tumen, tume
* Sauraseni Apabhramsa: तुम्हि (tumhi)
** Hindustani: tum, tame
    Hindi: तुम, तमे
    Urdu: تم, تمہیں

### References

* E.B. Cowell (1868) The Prákṛit Prakáśa‎, London: Trübner & Co., page 153
* Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 300
* Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 39.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “yuṣmad”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# 𠆬

| 𠆬 | U+201AC, &#131500; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-201AC |
| ← 𠆫 [U+201AB] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B | 𠆭 → [U+201AD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

𠆬 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+3, 5 strokes, composition ⿰亻亐)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 94, character 5
* Unihan data for U+201AC

## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 𠆬 – see 孑 (“alone; lonely; left-over; remaining; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 孑).
# 𒉿𒈜𒁕
## Sumerian

Signs in this term :
| 𒉿 | 𒈜 | 𒁕 |

### Noun

𒉿𒈜𒁕 • (bi₃-lu₅-da /biluda/)
* Alternative spelling of 𒉺𒀭 (biluda, “rituals”)
# 𠇁

| 𠇁 | U+201C1, &#131521; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-201C1 |
| ← 𠇀 [U+201C0] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B | 𠇂 → [U+201C2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

𠇁 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人弓中 (ONL), composition ⿰亻引)

#### References

* Unihan data for U+201C1
# 𠆼

| 𠆼 | U+201BC, &#131516; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-201BC |
| ← 𠆻 [U+201BB] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B | 𠆽 → [U+201BD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

𠆼 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人卜弓弓 (OYNN), composition ⿰亻⿱亠了)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 96, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 450
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 126, character 2
* Unihan data for U+201BC

## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 𠆼 – see 岡 (“ridge or crest of a mountain; mountain; hill”). (This character is an ancient form of 岡).