# 仁義
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rényì
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^4$ ji$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yìn-ngi
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lîn-gī / jîn-gī
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rényì
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rényì
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^2$-i$^4$
*** Yale: rén-yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renyih
*** Palladius: жэньи (žɛnʹi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən³⁵ i⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$人意 仁義／仁义
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^4$ ji$^6$
*** Yale: yàhn yih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^4$ ji$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^4$ yi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn²¹ jiː²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yìn-ngi
*** Hakka Romanization System: in$^ˇ$ ngi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^2$ ngi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /in¹¹ ŋi⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yìn-ngi
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)in$^ˇ$ ngi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^2$ ngi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)in¹¹ ŋi⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-gī
*** Tâi-lô: lîn-gī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lin'gi
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lin²⁴⁻²² ɡi⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡi³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² ɡi²²/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-gī
*** Tâi-lô: jîn-gī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jin'gi
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³⁻³³ ɡi³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin¹³⁻²² ɡi²²/
* Middle Chinese: nyin ngjeH
Rime :
| Character | 仁 | 義 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 支 (13) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 如鄰切 | 宜寄切 |
| Baxter | nyin | ngjeH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiɪn/ | /ŋˠiᴇ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵin/ | /ŋᵚiɛ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjen/ | /ŋiɛ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵin/ | /ŋjiə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiĕn/ | /ŋje$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭĕn/ | /ŋǐe$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ĕn/ | /ŋie̯$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rén | yì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jan$^4$ | ji$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*niŋ ŋ(r)aj-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njin ŋrals/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 仁 | 義 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rén | yì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyin › | ‹ ngje$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*niŋ/ | /*ŋ(r)aj-s/ |
| English | kind | duty; justice |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 仁 | 義 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 10801 | 13045 |
| Phonetic component | 人 | 我 |
| Rime group | 眞 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 仁 | 議 |
| Old Chinese | /*njin/ | /*ŋrals/ |

#### Noun

仁義
* benevolence and righteousness
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Zì wǒ guān zhī, rényì zhī duān, shìfēi zhī tú, fánrán yáoluàn, wú wū néng zhī qí biàn! [Pinyin]
    As I look at the matter, the first principles of benevolence and righteousness and the paths of approval and disapproval are inextricably mixed and confused together - how is it possible that I should know how to discriminate among them?
    From: 1946, letter by ​Kim Yeong'ik (金永益)
    Geumin gaegu cheop seol: "Hak inui ha soyong jae? Inui yeok neung geo Yeong-Mi daepo ya ho?" Yeonjeuk burin burui ja neung geo Yeong-Mi daepo ya ho? [Sino-Korean]
    Whenever people nowadays open their mouths, they always say: "What on earth is the point of learning about benevolence and righteousness? Can benevolence and righteousness resist the British and American artillery?" Well, then, can murderous and unrighteous people resist the British and American artillery, either?

##### Derived terms

* 仁義之師／仁义之师
* 仁義道德／仁义道德 (rényì dàodé)

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 仁(じん)義(ぎ) (jingi)
* → Korean: 인의(仁義) (inui)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rényi
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ˙ㄧ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rényi
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ˙ㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rényi̊
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^2$-i$^5$
*** Yale: rén-yi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ren.i
*** Palladius: жэньи (žɛnʹi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən³⁵ i³/

#### Adjective

仁義
* (colloquial) good-natured

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 仁 | 義 |
| じん Grade: 6 | ぎ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From 仁 (jin, “benevolence”) + 義 (gi, “righteousness”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じんぎ [jíꜜǹgì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [d͡ʑĩŋʲɡʲi]

### Noun

仁(じん)義(ぎ) • (jingi)
* humanity and justice
* moral code
* formal greeting among gamblers

#### Derived terms

* 忠孝仁義 (chūkō jingi): loyalty, filial piety, humanity, and justice
* 仁義忠孝 (jingi chūkō): humanity, justice, loyalty, and filial piety
* 仁義道徳 (jingi dōtoku): humanity and justice
* 仁義礼智信 (jingireichishin): the 5 Confucian virtues

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN