# 世襲
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shìxí
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ ㄒㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sai$^3$ zaap$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sè-si̍p / sì-si̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^3$ sib$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shìxí
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄒㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shìhsí
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^4$-hsi$^2$
*** Yale: shr̀-syí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhshyi
*** Palladius: шиси (šisi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sai$^3$ zaap$^6$
*** Yale: sai jaahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sai$^3$ dzaap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sei$^3$ zab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐi̯³³ t͡saːp̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sè-si̍p
*** Tâi-lô: sè-si̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: seasip
*** IPA (Xiamen): /se²¹⁻⁵³ sip̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sip̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì-si̍t
*** Tâi-lô: sì-si̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siesit
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si²¹⁻⁵³ sit̚¹²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: si$^3$ sib$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sì si̍p
*** Sinological IPA : /si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sip̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: syejH zip
Rime :
| Character | 世 | 襲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (35) | 緝 (141) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 舒制切 | 似入切 |
| Baxter | syejH | zip |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕiᴇi$^H$/ | /ziɪp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiɛi$^H$/ | /zip̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕjæi$^H$/ | /zjep̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕiaj$^H$/ | /zip̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiɛi$^H$/ | /ziəp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭɛi$^H$/ | /zĭĕp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɕi̯ɛi$^H$/ | /zi̯əp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shì | xí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sai$^3$ | zap$^6$ |

### Verb

世襲
* to inherit; to succeed
    家族世襲／家族世袭 ― jiāzú shìxí ― hereditary succession
    世襲制度／世袭制度 ― shìxí zhìdù ― hereditary system

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 世(せ)襲(しゅう) (seshū)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 世 | 襲 |
| せ Grade: 3 | しゅう Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せしゅう [sèshúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [se̞ɕɨː]

### Noun

世(せ)襲(しゅう) • (seshū)
* heredity
* old money (families whose wealth comes from generations)

### Verb

世(せ)襲(しゅう)する • (seshū suru) suru (stem 世(せ)襲(しゅう)し (seshū shi), past 世(せ)襲(しゅう)した (seshū shita))
* to be passed on, to be inherited

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 世襲し | せしゅうし | seshū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 世襲し | せしゅうし | seshū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 世襲する | せしゅうする | seshū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 世襲する | せしゅうする | seshū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 世襲すれ | せしゅうすれ | seshū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 世襲せよ¹ 世襲しろ² | せしゅうせよ¹ せしゅうしろ² | seshū seyo¹ seshū shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 世襲される | せしゅうされる | seshū sareru |
| Causative | 世襲させる 世襲さす | せしゅうさせる せしゅうさす | seshū saseru seshū sasu |
| Potential | 世襲できる | せしゅうできる | seshū dekiru |
| Volitional | 世襲しよう | せしゅうしよう | seshū shiyō |
| Negative | 世襲しない | せしゅうしない | seshū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 世襲せず | せしゅうせず | seshū sezu |
| Formal | 世襲します | せしゅうします | seshū shimasu |
| Perfective | 世襲した | せしゅうした | seshū shita |
| Conjunctive | 世襲して | せしゅうして | seshū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 世襲すれば | せしゅうすれば | seshū sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN