# 禊

| 禊 | U+798A, &#31114; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-798A |
| ← 禉 [U+7989] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 禋 → [U+798B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

禊 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈火手竹大 (IFQHK), four-corner 3723$_4$, composition ⿰礻契(GHT) or ⿰示契(JK))
* semiannual ceremony of purification

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 844, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24760
* Dae Jaweon: page 1265, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2404, character 1
* Unihan data for U+798A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 夆 | *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds |
| 丯 | *kreːds |
| 瘛 | *kʰjeds, *ɡeːds, *kʰjed |
| 觢 | *ɡjeds |
| 契 | *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd |
| 栔 | *kʰeːds |
| 禊 | *ɡeːds |
| 稧 | *ɡeːds |
| 楔 | *kreːd, *sqʰeːd |
| 葜 | *kʰreːd |
| 猰 | *qreːd, *kraːd, *kʰeːd |
| 窫 | *qreːd |
| 揳 | *sqʰeːd |
| 偰 | *sqʰeːd |
| 潔 | *keːd |
| 絜 | *keːd, *ɡeːd |
| 鍥 | *keːd, *kʰeːd |
| 挈 | *kʰeːd |
| 蛪 | *kʰeːd |
| 齧 | *ŋeːd |
| 褉 | *qʰeːd |
| 喫 | *ŋ̊ʰeːɡ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xì (xi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hai$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hē
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xì
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sì
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^4$
*** Yale: syì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hai$^6$
*** Yale: haih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐi̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hē
*** Tâi-lô: hē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: he
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /he²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /he⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: hejH
Rime :
| Character | 禊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 胡計切 |
| Baxter | hejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦei$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦei$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɛi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦɛj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣei$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣiei$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣiei$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːds/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 禊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6495 |
| Phonetic component | 丯 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蒵 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡeːds/ |

### Definitions

禊
* (historical) purification ceremony held in spring and autumn

#### Compounds

* 修禊 (xiūxì)
* 春禊
* 祓禊
* 禊帖
* 禊飲／禊饮
* 秋禊

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: げ (ge)
* Kan-on: けい (kei)
* Kun: みそぎ (misogi, 禊)、はらう (harau, 禊う)

#### Compounds

* 御(ご)禊(けい) (gokei)
* 禊萩(ミソハギ) (misohagi)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 禊
* みそぎ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 禊ぎ
From Old Japanese, though the original pronunciation of the initial miso is likely unknown.
The term itself is derived from the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 禊ぐ (misogu, “to perform ablutions (on someone)”, archaic).
Some sources suggest that this might be derived further from a compound of 身 (mi, “body”) + 注ぎ (sosogi, “pouring over, into, onto”), or alternatively from 水 (mi, “water”) + 注ぎ (sosogi, “pouring over, into, onto”). Considering that 身 had an ancient reading of ⟨mi$_2$⟩, while 水 had an ancient reading of ⟨mi$_1$⟩, the latter is a better potential match.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みそぎ [mìsógí] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) みそぎ [mìsógíꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [mʲiso̞ɡʲi]

### Noun

禊(みそぎ) • (misogi)
* (Shinto) a form of ritual purification performed with water; compare English ablution
** 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 11, poem 501)
    恋(こひ)せじと御(み)手洗(たらし)川(がは)にせしみそぎ神(かみ)はうけずぞなりにけらしも
       koiseji to mitarashigawa ni seshi misogi kami ni ukezu zo narinikerashi mo
       Longing [or “loving”] no more and purified by ritual ablution at the river of cleansing, the gods seemed to accept it not at the end.
* (Shinto, particularly) a purification ritual held in shrines on the last day of the sixth lunar month
** 1235, Shinchokusen Wakashū (book 3, poem 192; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 98)
    風(かぜ)そよぐならの小(を)川(がは)の夕(ゆふ)暮(ぐ)れはみそぎぞ夏(なつ)のしるしなりける
       kaze soyogu Nara-no-ogawa no yūgure wa misogi zo natsu no shirushi narikeru
       Rustling winds among the oak [leaves] at river Nara dusk-eventime; the lustration rites are but a sign ’tis still summertime.

#### Derived terms

* 禊(みそぎ)川(がわ) (misogigawa)
* 禊(みそぎ)教(きょう) (Misogi-kyō)
* 禊(みそぎ)祓(はらえ) (misogi-harae)

#### Descendants

* → English: misogi

#### See also

* 夏越(なご)しの祓(はらえ) (nagoshi no harae)

### Verb

禊(みそぎ)する • (misogi suru) transitive suru (stem 禊(みそぎ)し (misogi shi), past 禊(みそぎ)した (misogi shita))
* to perform ritual purification or ablutions on someone
** 1235, Shinchokusen Wakashū (book 3, poem 191)
    吉(よし)野(の)川(がは)かはかみ早(はや)く御秡(みそぎ)してしらゆふ花(ばな)のかずまさるらし
       Yoshino-gawa kawanami hayaku misogi shite shirayūbana no kazu masarurashi
       While doing the water purification rites at the fast-flowing Yoshino river, the white mulberry trees grow their flowers immensely.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 禊し | みそぎし | misogi shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 禊し | みそぎし | misogi shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 禊する | みそぎする | misogi suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 禊する | みそぎする | misogi suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 禊すれ | みそぎすれ | misogi sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 禊せよ¹ 禊しろ² | みそぎせよ¹ みそぎしろ² | misogi seyo¹ misogi shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 禊される | みそぎされる | misogi sareru |
| Causative | 禊させる 禊さす | みそぎさせる みそぎさす | misogi saseru misogi sasu |
| Potential | 禊できる | みそぎできる | misogi dekiru |
| Volitional | 禊しよう | みそぎしよう | misogi shiyō |
| Negative | 禊しない | みそぎしない | misogi shinai |
| Negative continuative | 禊せず | みそぎせず | misogi sezu |
| Formal | 禊します | みそぎします | misogi shimasu |
| Perfective | 禊した | みそぎした | misogi shita |
| Conjunctive | 禊して | みそぎして | misogi shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 禊すれば | みそぎすれば | misogi sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Proper noun

禊(みそぎ) • (Misogi)
* a female given name

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

禊 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)
* a semiannual ceremony of purification

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 禊ぐ (MISOG-, “to perform ablutions (on someone)”).

### Noun

禊 (MISOGI₁) (kana みそぎ)
* a form of ritual purification performed with water; compare English ablution
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 4, first variant poem 626; first variant:君爾因言之繁乎古鄕之明日香乃河爾潔身爲爾去ki₁mi₁ ni yo₂ri ko₂to₂ no₂ sige₂ki₁ wo purusato₁ no₂ Asuka-no₂-kapa ni misogi₁ si ni yukuSince thy speeches became more frequent, I’d go [back] to the old capital doing purification in the Asuka river.Note: Another variant has the red text replaced with 龍田超三津之濱邊爾 (...Tatuta ko₁ye Mi₁tu no₂ pamabe₁ ni..., “...pass by Tatsuta and [go do purification in] the shores of Mitsu.”).
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 11, poem 2403:玉久世淸川原身秡爲齊命妹爲tamakuse no₂ ki₁yo₂ki₁ kapara ni misogi₁ site ipapu ino₂ti pa imo ga tame₂ ko₂so₂In the jeweled shallows [as if] a clear riverbed, I do the water purification rites for a blessed life and for the sake of my beloved.

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 禊 (misogi)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Vietnamese
### Han character

禊: Hán Nôm readings: hễ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.