OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 宇宙觀
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǔzhòuguān
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˇ ㄓㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^5$ zau$^6$ gun$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǔzhòuguān
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˇ ㄓㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǔjhòuguan
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^3$-chou$^4$-kuan$^1$
*** Yale: yǔ-jòu-gwān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeujowguan
*** Palladius: юйчжоугуань (jujčžouguanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^5$ zau$^6$ gun$^1$
*** Yale: yúh jauh gūn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^5$ dzau$^6$ gun$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^5$ zeo$^6$ gun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː¹³ t͡sɐu̯²² kuːn⁵⁵/

### Noun

宇宙觀
* cosmology; worldview; world outlook

#### Synonyms

* 世界觀／世界观 (shìjièguān)
# 堆填區
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): duītiánqū
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄟ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄑㄩ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): deoi$^1$ tin$^4$ keoi$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: duītiánqū
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄟ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄑㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dueitiáncyu
*** Wade–Giles: tui$^1$-tʻien$^2$-chʻü$^1$
*** Yale: dwēi-tyán-chyū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dueityanchiu
*** Palladius: дуйтяньцюй (dujtjanʹcjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: deoi$^1$ tin$^4$ keoi$^1$
*** Yale: dēui tìhn kēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: doey$^1$ tin$^4$ koey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dêu$^1$ tin$^4$ kêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɵy̯⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

### Noun

堆填區
* landfill site; dump; tip
# 堆叠
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 堆叠 – see 堆疊 (“to pile up; to heap up”). (This term is the simplified form of 堆疊).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 堅魚
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 堅 | 魚 |
| かた > かつ Grade: S | うお > つお Grade: 2 |
| irregular ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かつお [kàtsúó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠t͡sɨo̞]

### Noun

堅魚(かつお) or 堅魚(カツオ) • (katsuo)
* Alternative spelling of 鰹
# 失驚
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shījīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄕ ㄐㄧㄥ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shījīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕ ㄐㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shihjing
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^1$-ching$^1$
*** Yale: shr̄-jīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyjing
*** Palladius: шицзин (šiczin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$失驚／失惊 詩經／诗经

### Verb

失驚
* (literary) to be startled; to be surprised; to be shocked
# 大板牙
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): daai$^6$ baan$^2$ ngaa$^4$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daai$^6$ baan$^2$ ngaa$^4$
*** Yale: daaih báan ngàh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daai$^6$ baan$^2$ ngaa$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dai$^6$ ban$^2$ nga$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːi̯²² paːn³⁵ ŋaː²¹/

### Noun

大板牙
* (Cantonese) bucktooth
# 官威
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guānwēi
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ ㄨㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gun$^1$ wai$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guānwēi
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ ㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guanwei
*** Wade–Giles: kuan$^1$-wei$^1$
*** Yale: gwān-wēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanuei
*** Palladius: гуаньвэй (guanʹvɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯än⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gun$^1$ wai$^1$
*** Yale: gūn wāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gun$^1$ wai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gun$^1$ wei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuːn⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵/

### Noun

官威
* haughtiness or pomposity of a government official
    耍官威 ― shuǎ guānwēi ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
** 1994, Wong Jing, Hail the Judge, spoken by Li Lianying (Lau Shun):
       hou$^2$ daai$^6$ ge$^3$ gun$^1$ wai$^1$ aa$^3$, baau$^1$ daai$^6$ jan$^4$. joek$^6$ gwo$^2$ bei$^2$ nei$^5$ zou$^6$ do$^1$ loeng$^5$ nin$^4$ gun$^1$, hung$^2$ paa$^3$ lin$^4$ lou$^5$ fat$^6$ je$^4$ nei$^5$ dou$^1$ m$^4$ fong$^3$ zoi$^6$ ngaan$^5$ noi$^6$ gaa$^3$ laa$^1$. [Jyutping]
       So haughty you are, Justice Bao. I'm afraid that you won't even respect the Empress Dowager if they let you be an official for a few more years, huh?
# 安央依
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 安 | 央 | 依 |
| あ Grade: 3 | お Grade: 3 | い Grade: S |

### Proper noun

安(あ)央(お)依(い) • (Aoi)
* a female given name
# 安多芬
## Chinese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English endorphin.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ānduōfēn
    (Zhuyin): ㄢ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄈㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): on$^1$ do$^1$ fan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ānduōfēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄢ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄈㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: anduofen
*** Wade–Giles: an$^1$-to$^1$-fên$^1$
*** Yale: ān-dwō-fēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: anduofen
*** Palladius: аньдофэнь (anʹdofɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀän⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: on$^1$ do$^1$ fan$^1$
*** Yale: ōn dō fān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: on$^1$ do$^1$ fan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: on$^1$ do$^1$ fen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔːn⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵/

### Noun

安多芬
* endorphin

#### Synonyms

* 腦內啡／脑内啡 (nǎonèifēi)
* 內啡呔／内啡呔 (nèifēidāi)
# 増進
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 増 | 進 |
| ぞう Grade: 5 | しん Grade: 3 |
| kan'yōon | on'yomi |
* Alternative spelling
* 增進 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぞーしん [zòóshíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡zo̞ːɕĩɴ]

### Noun

増(ぞう)進(しん) • (zōshin)
* increase; enhancement; promotion

#### Antonyms

* 減(げん)退(たい) (gentai)

### Verb

増(ぞう)進(しん)する • (zōshin suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 増(ぞう)進(しん)し (zōshin shi), past 増(ぞう)進(しん)した (zōshin shita))
* to increase; to enhance; to promote

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 増進し | ぞうしんし | zōshin shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 増進し | ぞうしんし | zōshin shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 増進する | ぞうしんする | zōshin suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 増進する | ぞうしんする | zōshin suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 増進すれ | ぞうしんすれ | zōshin sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 増進せよ¹ 増進しろ² | ぞうしんせよ¹ ぞうしんしろ² | zōshin seyo¹ zōshin shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 増進される | ぞうしんされる | zōshin sareru |
| Causative | 増進させる 増進さす | ぞうしんさせる ぞうしんさす | zōshin saseru zōshin sasu |
| Potential | 増進できる | ぞうしんできる | zōshin dekiru |
| Volitional | 増進しよう | ぞうしんしよう | zōshin shiyō |
| Negative | 増進しない | ぞうしんしない | zōshin shinai |
| Negative continuative | 増進せず | ぞうしんせず | zōshin sezu |
| Formal | 増進します | ぞうしんします | zōshin shimasu |
| Perfective | 増進した | ぞうしんした | zōshin shita |
| Conjunctive | 増進して | ぞうしんして | zōshin shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 増進すれば | ぞうしんすれば | zōshin sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Antonyms

* 減(げん)退(たい)する (gentai suru)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 増設
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 増 | 設 |
| ぞう Grade: 5 | せつ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 增設 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぞーせつ [zòósétsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡zo̞ːse̞t͡sɨ]

### Noun

増(ぞう)設(せつ) • (zōsetsu)
* adding facilities or equipment, expansion

### Verb

増(ぞう)設(せつ)する • (zōsetsu suru) suru (stem 増(ぞう)設(せつ)し (zōsetsu shi), past 増(ぞう)設(せつ)した (zōsetsu shita))
* add new facilities or equipment

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 増設し | ぞうせつし | zōsetsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 増設し | ぞうせつし | zōsetsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 増設する | ぞうせつする | zōsetsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 増設する | ぞうせつする | zōsetsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 増設すれ | ぞうせつすれ | zōsetsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 増設せよ¹ 増設しろ² | ぞうせつせよ¹ ぞうせつしろ² | zōsetsu seyo¹ zōsetsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 増設される | ぞうせつされる | zōsetsu sareru |
| Causative | 増設させる 増設さす | ぞうせつさせる ぞうせつさす | zōsetsu saseru zōsetsu sasu |
| Potential | 増設できる | ぞうせつできる | zōsetsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 増設しよう | ぞうせつしよう | zōsetsu shiyō |
| Negative | 増設しない | ぞうせつしない | zōsetsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 増設せず | ぞうせつせず | zōsetsu sezu |
| Formal | 増設します | ぞうせつします | zōsetsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 増設した | ぞうせつした | zōsetsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 増設して | ぞうせつして | zōsetsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 増設すれば | ぞうせつすれば | zōsetsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 安托瓦妮特
## Chinese

| | | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic |
| trad. (安托瓦妮特) | trad. (安托瓦妮特) | 安 | 托 | 瓦 | 妮 | 特 |
| simp. $^#$(安托瓦妮特) | simp. $^#$(安托瓦妮特) | 安 | 托 | 瓦 | 妮 | 特 |

### Etymology

From French Antoinette.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Āntuōwǎnītè
    (Zhuyin): ㄢ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄨㄚˇ ㄋㄧ ㄊㄜˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Āntuōwǎnītè
*** Zhuyin: ㄢ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄨㄚˇ ㄋㄧ ㄊㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Antuowǎnitè
*** Wade–Giles: An$^1$-tʻo$^1$-wa$^3$-ni$^1$-tʻê$^4$
*** Yale: Ān-twō-wǎ-nī-tè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Antuowoanhiteh
*** Palladius: Аньтованитэ (Anʹtovanitɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀän⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

### Proper noun

安托瓦妮特
* A transliteration of the French female given name Antoinette
# 審計
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shěnjì
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˇ ㄐㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sam$^2$ gai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shěnjì
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˇ ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shěnjì
*** Wade–Giles: shên$^3$-chi$^4$
*** Yale: shěn-jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheenjih
*** Palladius: шэньцзи (šɛnʹczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sam$^2$ gai$^3$
*** Yale: sám gai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sam$^2$ gai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sem$^2$ gei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐm³⁵ kɐi̯³³/

### Verb

審計
* (accounting) to audit

#### Synonyms

* 審／审 (shěn)
* 審批／审批 (shěnpī, “to examine and approve”)
* 審查／审查 (shěnchá)
* 審核／审核 (shěnhé)
* 對證／对证 (duìzhèng)
* 查對／查对 (cháduì)
* 查驗／查验 (cháyàn)
* 核可 (hékě, “to examine and approve”)
* 核定 (hédìng)
* 核對／核对 (héduì)
* 考查 (kǎochá)
* 考核 (kǎohé)
* 課／课 (kè) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 審計員／审计员 (shěnjìyuán)
* 審計師／审计师
# 審議会
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 審 | 議 | 会 |
| しん Grade: S | ぎ Grade: 4 | かい Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |||
* Alternative spelling
* 審議會 (kyūjitai)

### Noun

審(しん)議(ぎ)会(かい) • (shingikai)
* chamber, deliberative body, advisory panel
# 外头
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 外头 – see 外頭 (“outside; exterior”). (This term is the simplified form of 外頭).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 好花插在牛粪上
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 好花插在牛粪上 – see 好花插在牛糞上 (“Pleasant flowers stuck into a pile of cow dung”). (This term is the simplified form of 好花插在牛糞上).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 好自为之
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 好自为之 – see 好自為之 (“to like to do everything him/herself in one's own way; etc.”). (This term is the simplified form of 好自為之).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 好自爲之
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 好自爲之 – see 好自為之 (“to like to do everything him/herself in one's own way; etc.”). (This term is a variant traditional form of 好自為之).
# 完全就業
## Chinese

| | | completely; absolutely; entirelycompletely; absolutely; entirely; complete | to get a job; to start a career; to obtain employment |
| trad. (完全就業) | trad. (完全就業) | 完全 | 就業 |
| simp. (完全就业) | simp. (完全就业) | 完全 | 就业 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wánquán jiùyè
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˊ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄧㄝˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wánquán jiùyè
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˊ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wáncyuán jiòuyè
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^2$-chʻüan$^2$ chiu$^4$-yeh$^4$
*** Yale: wán-chywán jyòu-yè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wanchyuan jiowyeh
*** Palladius: ваньцюань цзюе (vanʹcjuanʹ czjuje)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

### Noun

完全就業
* full employment
# 完全平方数
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 完全平方数 – see 完全平方數 (“perfect square”). (This term is the simplified form of 完全平方數).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 察颜观色
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 察颜观色 – see 察顏觀色 (“to read a person”). (This term is the simplified form of 察顏觀色).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 察访
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 察访 – see 察訪 (“to make firsthand observations and inquiries; to make a trip to investigate”). (This term is the simplified form of 察訪).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 察隅
## Chinese

* 察隅縣

### Etymology

Borrowed from Tibetan རྫ་ཡུལ (rdza yul).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Cháyú
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚˊ ㄩˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caat$^3$ jyu$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Cháyú
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˊ ㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Cháyú
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻa$^2$-yü$^2$
*** Yale: Chá-yú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Charyu
*** Palladius: Чаюй (Čajuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ y³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caat$^3$ jyu$^4$
*** Yale: chaat yùh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaat$^8$ jy$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cad$^3$ yu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːt̚³ jyː²¹/

### Proper noun

察隅
* (～縣) Zayü (a county of Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)
# 工作面
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōngzuòmiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^1$ zok$^3$ min$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngzuòmiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongzuòmiàn
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-tso$^4$-mien$^4$
*** Yale: gūng-dzwò-myàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongtzuohmiann
*** Palladius: гунцзомянь (gunczomjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$ zok$^3$ min$^6$
*** Yale: gūng jok mihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$ dzok$^8$ min$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$ zog$^3$ min$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɔːk̚³ miːn²²/

### Noun

工作面
* (mining) face
* (mechanics) working surface
# 岩穴
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yánxué, yánxuè
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄩㄝˊ, ㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄩㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaam$^4$ jyut$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yánxué
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄩㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yánsyué
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^2$-hsüeh$^2$
*** Yale: yán-sywé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanshyue
*** Palladius: яньсюэ (janʹsjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yánxuè
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yánsyuè
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^2$-hsüeh$^4$
*** Yale: yán-sywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanshiueh
*** Palladius: яньсюэ (janʹsjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngaam$^4$ jyut$^6$
*** Yale: ngàahm yuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngaam$^4$ jyt$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngam$^4$ yud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaːm²¹ jyːt̚²/

### Noun

岩穴
* (literary) cave; cavern; grotto

#### Synonyms

* 山洞 (shāndòng)
* 山空 (Hokkien)
* 山窿 (saan$^1$ lung$^1$) (Cantonese, Hakka)
* 洞穴 (dòngxué)
* 洞空 (Hokkien)
* 洞窟 (dòngkū)
* 石窟 (shíkū)
* 磅空 ( Taiwanese Hakka)
* 穴 (xué)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 岩 | 穴 |
| いわ Grade: 2 | あな Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いわあな [ìwááná] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [iβ̞a̠a̠na̠]

### Noun

岩(いわ)穴(あな) • (iwaana)
* rock cave

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 岩袋
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 岩 | 袋 |
| いわ Grade: 2 | ふくろ > ぶくろ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi ||

### Etymology

Literally, “stone bag”, 岩(いわ) (iwa, “stone, boulder”) + 袋(ふくろ) (fukuro, “bag”). The fukuro changes to bukuro as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

### Noun

岩(いわ)袋(ぶくろ) or 岩袋(イワブクロ) • (iwabukuro)
* Pennellianthus frutescens

#### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).
# 差す
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 差
* さ Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 注す 点す

### Etymology

Cognate with 刺(さ)す (sasu).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さす [sáꜜsù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sa̠sɨ]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「差す」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 差す | さす | [sáꜜsù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 差せ | させ | [sáꜜsè] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 差される | さされる | [sàsáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 差させる | ささせる | [sàsáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 差せる | させる | [sàséꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 差そう | さそー | [sàsóꜜò] |
| Negative | 差さない | ささない | [sàsáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 差さなかった | ささなかった | [sàsáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 差します | さします | [sàshímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 差した | さした | [sáꜜshìtà] |
| Conjunctive | 差して | さして | [sáꜜshìtè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 差せば | させば | [sáꜜsèbà] |

### Verb

差(さ)す • (sasu) transitive or intransitive godan (stem 差(さ)し (sashi), past 差(さ)した (sashita))
* raise one's hands; extend one's hands
* (transitive) hold (something such as an umbrella) over one's head
** 2014, “drop pop candy [drop pop candy]”, れをる (lyrics), ギガP (music):
    雨(あめ)降(ふ)りでも傘(かさ)はささないの
       amefuri de mo kasa wa sasanai no
       I'm not using my umbrella, even though it's raining
* (transitive) offer (sake to someone)
* (transitive) pour; drip; drop; cause to flow or drip
* (intransitive, of the tide) rise
* (intransitive, of color) appear; arise

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 差さ | ささ | sasa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 差し | さし | sashi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 差す | さす | sasu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 差す | さす | sasu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 差せ | させ | sase |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 差せ | させ | sase |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 差される | さされる | sasareru |
| Causative | 差させる 差さす | ささせる ささす | sasaseru sasasu |
| Potential | 差せる | させる | saseru |
| Volitional | 差そう | さそう | sasō |
| Negative | 差さない | ささない | sasanai |
| Negative continuative | 差さず | ささず | sasazu |
| Formal | 差します | さします | sashimasu |
| Perfective | 差した | さした | sashita |
| Conjunctive | 差して | さして | sashite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 差せば | させば | saseba |

#### Derived terms

* 差(さ)し上(あ)げる (sashiageru)
* 差(さ)し当(あ)たり (sashiatari)

#### Related terms

* 刺(さ)す (sasu)
* 指(さ)す (sasu)
* 挿(さ)す (sasu)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 布爾什維克
## Chinese

| | | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic |
| trad. (布爾什維克) | trad. (布爾什維克) | 布 | 爾 | 什 | 維 | 克 |
| simp. (布尔什维克) | simp. (布尔什维克) | 布 | 尔 | 什 | 维 | 克 |
| alternative forms | alternative forms | 布爾塞維克／布尔塞维克 布爾雪維克／布尔雪维克 | 布爾塞維克／布尔塞维克 布爾雪維克／布尔雪维克 | 布爾塞維克／布尔塞维克 布爾雪維克／布尔雪维克 | 布爾塞維克／布尔塞维克 布爾雪維克／布尔雪维克 | 布爾塞維克／布尔塞维克 布爾雪維克／布尔雪维克 |
* 布爾什維克

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian большеви́к (bolʹševík).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bù'ěrshíwéikè
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄕˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄎㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^3$ ji$^5$ sap$^6$ wai$^4$ hak$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bù'ěrshíwéikè
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄕˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄎㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bù-ěrshíhwéikè
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^4$-êrh$^3$-shih$^2$-wei$^2$-kʻo$^4$
*** Yale: bù-ěr-shŕ-wéi-kè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buheelshyrweikeh
*** Palladius: буэршивэйкэ (bueršivɛjkɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^3$ ji$^5$ sap$^6$ wai$^4$ hak$^1$
*** Yale: bou yíh sahp wàih hāk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^3$ ji$^5$ sap$^9$ wai$^4$ hak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^3$ yi$^5$ seb$^6$ wei$^4$ heg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯³³ jiː¹³ sɐp̚² wɐi̯²¹ hɐk̚⁵/

### Noun

布爾什維克
* Bolshevik

#### See also

* 孟什維克／孟什维克 (mèngshíwéikè)
# 布爾津
## Chinese

* 布爾津縣

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Bù'ěrjīn
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^3$ ji$^5$ zeon$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Bù'ěrjīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Bù-ěrjin
*** Wade–Giles: Pu$^4$-êrh$^3$-chin$^1$
*** Yale: Bù-ěr-jīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Buheeljin
*** Palladius: Буэрцзинь (Buerczinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^3$ ji$^5$ zeon$^1$
*** Yale: bou yíh jēun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^3$ ji$^5$ dzoen$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^3$ yi$^5$ zên$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯³³ jiː¹³ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

布爾津
* (～縣) Burqin (a county of Altay prefecture, Xinjiang, China)
# 布爾雪維克
## Chinese

| | | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic |
| trad. (布爾雪維克) | trad. (布爾雪維克) | 布 | 爾 | 雪 | 維 | 克 |
| simp. (布尔雪维克) | simp. (布尔雪维克) | 布 | 尔 | 雪 | 维 | 克 |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian большеви́к (bolʹševík).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bù'ěrxuěwéikè
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄎㄜˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bù'ěrxuěwéikè [Phonetic: bùérxuěwéikè]
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄎㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bù-ěrsyuěwéikè
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^4$-êrh$^3$-hsüeh$^3$-wei$^2$-kʻo$^4$
*** Yale: bù-ěr-sywě-wéi-kè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buheelsheueweikeh
*** Palladius: буэрсюэвэйкэ (buersjuevɛjkɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

### Noun

布爾雪維克
* (dated) Alternative form of 布爾什維克／布尔什维克 (bù'ěrshíwéikè, “Bolshevik”)
    From: 1954 March 5, 胡適 (Hu Shih), 從《到奴役之路》說起 [Speaking from The Road to Serfdom]
    ... Jízuǒ pài shì Éguó sānshíqī nián qián de bù'ěrxuěwéikè gémìng; Sū'é zìjǐ dāngrán yǐwèi shì chénggōng de, dànshì wǒmen yǐ shèhuì, lìshǐ, jīngjì de yǎnguāng kàn, bùnéngbù rènwèi zhè shì yīge dà de shībài. [Pinyin]
    ... As for the far left, there was the Bolshevik revolution in Russia 37 years ago; of course Soviet Russia itself thought that was a success, but from the perspective of society, history, and economy, we cannot help but regard it as a big failure.
# 帐款
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 帐款 – see 帳款 (“funds on account; credit”). (This term is the simplified form of 帳款).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 帐目
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 帐目 – see 賬目 (“item in accounts; entry; accounts”). (This term is the simplified form of 帳目, which is in turn a variant form of 賬目).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 小巫见大巫
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 小巫见大巫 – see 小巫見大巫 (“to pale in comparison”). (This term is the simplified form of 小巫見大巫).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.