# 生長
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shēngzhǎng
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ ㄓㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sang$^1$ zoeng$^2$ / saang$^1$ zoeng$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sên-chóng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sng-tióng / seng-tióng / seng-tiáng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sên$^1$ ziang$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēngzhǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ ㄓㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shengjhǎng
*** Wade–Giles: shêng$^1$-chang$^3$
*** Yale: shēng-jǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shengjaang
*** Palladius: шэнчжан (šɛnčžan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sang$^1$ zoeng$^2$ / saang$^1$ zoeng$^2$
*** Yale: sāng jéung / sāang jéung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sang$^1$ dzoeng$^2$ / saang$^1$ dzoeng$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seng$^1$ zêng$^2$ / sang$^1$ zêng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/, /saːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên-chóng
*** Hakka Romanization System: sen$^ˊ$ zong$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sen$^1$ zong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴ t͡soŋ³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng-tióng
*** Tâi-lô: sng-tióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sngdiorng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³ tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng-tióng
*** Tâi-lô: sing-tióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sengdiorng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng-tiáng
*** Tâi-lô: sing-tiáng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sengdiarng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiaŋ⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sên$^1$ ziang$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seⁿ tsiáng
*** Sinological IPA : /sẽ³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ⁵²/

### Verb

生長
* (of an organism) to grow
* to be born and brought up; to grow up

#### Synonyms

* (to grow): 滋長／滋长 (zīzhǎng)

#### Derived terms

* 生長因子／生长因子 (shēngzhǎng yīnzǐ)
* 生長期／生长期 (shēngzhǎngqī)
* 生長板／生长板 (shēngzhǎngbǎn)
* 生長激素／生长激素 (shēngzhǎng jīsù)
* 生長素／生长素 (shēngzhǎngsù)
* 生長輪／生长轮
* 生長點／生长点

#### Related terms

* 繁殖 (fánzhí)
* 培育 (péiyù)
* 養殖／养殖 (yǎngzhí)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 生 | 長 |
| せい Grade: 1 | ちょう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せーちょー [sèéchóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [se̞ːt͡ɕo̞ː]

### Noun

生(せい)長(ちょう) • (seichō)
* growth, development

#### Derived terms

* 生長素(せいちょうそ) (seichōso, “auxin”)

### Verb

生(せい)長(ちょう)する • (seichō suru) suru (stem 生(せい)長(ちょう)し (seichō shi), past 生(せい)長(ちょう)した (seichō shita))
* to grow, to develop

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 生長し | せいちょうし | seichō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 生長し | せいちょうし | seichō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 生長する | せいちょうする | seichō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 生長する | せいちょうする | seichō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 生長すれ | せいちょうすれ | seichō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 生長せよ¹ 生長しろ² | せいちょうせよ¹ せいちょうしろ² | seichō seyo¹ seichō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 生長される | せいちょうされる | seichō sareru |
| Causative | 生長させる 生長さす | せいちょうさせる せいちょうさす | seichō saseru seichō sasu |
| Potential | 生長できる | せいちょうできる | seichō dekiru |
| Volitional | 生長しよう | せいちょうしよう | seichō shiyō |
| Negative | 生長しない | せいちょうしない | seichō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 生長せず | せいちょうせず | seichō sezu |
| Formal | 生長します | せいちょうします | seichō shimasu |
| Perfective | 生長した | せいちょうした | seichō shita |
| Conjunctive | 生長して | せいちょうして | seichō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 生長すれば | せいちょうすれば | seichō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 生 | 長 |

### Noun

生長 • (saengjang) (hangeul 생장)
* hanja form of 생장 (“growth; development”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 生 | 長 |

### Verb

生長
* chữ Hán form of sinh trưởng (“to grow”).