# 鼉

| 鼉 | U+9F09, &#40713; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F09 |
| ← 鼈 [U+9F08] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鼊 → [U+9F0A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鼉 (Kangxi radical 205, 黽+12, 25 strokes, cangjie input 口口田一山 (RRWMU), four-corner 6671$_7$, composition ⿳㽞一黽)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1525, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48306
* Dae Jaweon: page 2060, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4771, character 4
* Unihan data for U+9F09

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鼉 :
| Shang | Spring and Autumn | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 嚲 | *taːlʔ |
| 癉 | *taːlʔ, *taːls, *taːn, *daːn |
| 奲 | *taːlʔ, *tʰjaːlʔ |
| 驒 | *daːl, *daːn, *teːn |
| 鼉 | *daːl |
| 磾 | *teːl |
| 鷤 | *deːl, *deːls, *daːn |
| 觶 | *tjal, *tjals |
| 單 | *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans |
| 鄲 | *taːn |
| 殫 | *taːn |
| 簞 | *taːn |
| 匰 | *taːn |
| 襌 | *taːn |
| 彈 | *daːn, *daːns |
| 貚 | *daːn, *deːn |
| 撣 | *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan, *taːnʔ |
| 潬 | *daːnʔ |
| 僤 | *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan |
| 憚 | *daːns |
| 樿 | *tjanʔ |
| 燀 | *tjanʔ, *tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ |
| 戰 | *tjans |
| 闡 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 繟 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 幝 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 嘽 | *tʰaːn, *tʰjanʔ |
| 灛 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 蟬 | *djan |
| 禪 | *djan, *djans |
| 嬋 | *djan |
| 墠 | *djanʔ |
| 鱓 | *djanʔ |
| 蕇 | *teːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːl) : phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans) + semantic 黽 (“toad”)

### Etymology

Löffler (1966) tentatively relates this to Mru tam (“alligator”) yet the finals do not agree.
Also reminiscent of Santali [script needed] (tajan, “broad-headed alligator”) (Schuessler, 2007)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tuó (tuo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): to$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tuó
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tuó
*** Wade–Giles: tʻo$^2$
*** Yale: twó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: two
*** Palladius: то (to)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: to$^4$
*** Yale: tòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: to$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: to$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔː²¹/
* Middle Chinese: da
Rime :
| Character | 鼉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒河切 |
| Baxter | da |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /da/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tuó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | to$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*daːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鼉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tuó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ da › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ˁar/ |
| English | alligator |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鼉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1988 |
| Phonetic component | 單 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 駝 |
| Old Chinese | /*daːl/ |

### Definitions

鼉
* Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis)
    From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE
    Jīng yǒu yúnmèng, xī sì mílù mǎn zhī, jiāng hàn zhī yú biē yuán tuó wèi tiānxià fù. [Pinyin]
    Jing possesses Yunmeng, full of rhinoceroses, buffaloes, and elaphures; the Jiang's and Han's fish, soft-shelled turtles and alligators are the most abundant under heaven.

#### Synonyms

* 揚子鱷／扬子鳄 (yángzǐ'è)
* 豬婆龍／猪婆龙

#### Compounds

* 蛟鼉／蛟鼍
* 鼉更／鼍更
* 鼉皮鼓／鼍皮鼓
* 鼉鼓／鼍鼓 (tuógǔ)
* 鼉龍／鼍龙 (tuólóng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* Alligator

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): た (ta)、だ (da)、たん (tan)、だん (dan)、せん (sen)、ぜん (zen)
* Kun: わに (wani)

## Korean
### Hanja

鼉 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鼉: Hán Nôm readings: đà
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.