# 職業
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhíyè
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ ㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zik$^1$ jip$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳt-ngia̍p
* Eastern Min (BUC): cék-ngiĕk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chit-gia̍p
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zêh$^4$ ghiag$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tseq-gniq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhíyè
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhyè
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^2$-yeh$^4$
*** Yale: jŕ-yè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyryeh
*** Palladius: чжие (čžije)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ jɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zik$^1$ jip$^6$
*** Yale: jīk yihp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzik$^7$ jip$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jig$^1$ yib$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪk̚⁵ jiːp̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳt-ngia̍p
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziid$^ˋ$ ngiab
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zid$^5$ ngiab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨt̚² ŋi̯ap̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cék-ngiĕk
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ŋieʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-gia̍p
*** Tâi-lô: tsit-gia̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: citgiap
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡiap̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ ɡiap̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zêh$^4$ ghiag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseh giak
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seʔ²⁻⁴ ɡiak̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$tseq-gniq
*** MiniDict: tseh$^入$ nyih
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$tseq-nyiq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡səʔ³³ n̠ʲiɪʔ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsyik ngjaep
Rime :
| Character | 職 | 業 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) | 業 (147) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 之翼切 | 魚怯切 |
| Baxter | tsyik | ngjaep |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨk̚/ | /ŋɨɐp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕɨk̚/ | /ŋiɐp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiek̚/ | /ŋiɐp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cik̚/ | /ŋɨap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiək̚/ | /ŋiap̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭək̚/ | /ŋĭɐp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ək̚/ | /ŋi̯ɐp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhi | yè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zik$^1$ | jip$^6$ |

### Noun

職業
* occupation; profession; career; vocation (Classifier: 個／个 m; 種／种 m)
    職業前景／职业前景 ― zhíyè qiánjǐng ― career prospects
    職業健康安全／职业健康安全 ― zhíyè jiànkāng ānquán ― occupational health and safety
       Zhè sì zhǒng zhíyè hěn wēixiǎn, dǎnzǐ xiǎo de rén, gēnběn gàn bù liǎo. [Pinyin]
       These four occupations are very dangerous and not for the faint-hearted.

#### Usage notes

It is not customary in Chinese to distinguish between a profession and a professional title or role, as is the case in English. Consider the following example:
       Tā de zhíyè shì yīshēng. [Pinyin]
       He is a doctor by profession. (lit. "His profession is doctor.")
It is also common to count being a student as an occupation.
       Tā de zhíyè shì xuéshēng. [Pinyin]
       He is a student. (lit. "His occupation is student.")

#### Synonyms

* 事業／事业 (shìyè)
* 事由 (shìyóu) (colloquial)
* 本業／本业 (běnyè)
* 行業／行业 (hángyè)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 職, 業 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 職業, 工作 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 工作 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 工, 工作 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 工 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 工 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 工 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 頭路 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 頭路 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 頭路 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 頭路 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 頭路 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 頭路 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 頭路, 工課, 穡路 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 頭路, 工課, 穡路 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 頭路 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 頭路, 工課, 穡路 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 頭路 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 頭路, 職業 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 工課, 頭路, 職業 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 工課, 頭路, 職業 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 頭路, 工課, 穡頭 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 頭路, 工課 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 頭路, 工課 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 工課 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 工課, 工 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 工, 頭路, 工課 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 頭路 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 工課 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 工, 工課 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 工 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 工作, 生活, 生意, 行當, 飯碗 figuratively, 飯碗頭 figuratively |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 生活, 營生 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 行當 |
| Wu | Danyang | 生活 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 生活, 行當 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 行當 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 行當, 事幹, 生活 |

### Adjective

職業
* (attributive) professional; occupational; vocational; not amateur
    職業玩家／职业玩家 ― zhíyè wánjiā ― professional player

#### Synonyms

* 敬業／敬业 (jìngyè)
* 專業／专业 (zhuānyè)

### Derived terms

* 擇業／择业 (zéyè)
* 職棒／职棒 (zhíbàng)
* 職業介紹所／职业介绍所 (zhíyè jièshàosuǒ)
* 職業化／职业化
* 職業培訓／职业培训
* 職業大學／职业大学
* 職業學校／职业学校 (zhíyè xuéxiào)
* 職業教育／职业教育
* 職業病／职业病 (zhíyèbìng)
* 職業裝／职业装
* 職業道德／职业道德
* 職業高中／职业高中 (zhíyè gāozhōng)
* 自由職業／自由职业 (zìyóu zhíyè)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 職業(しょくぎょう) (shokugyō)
* → Korean: 직업(職業) (jigeop)
* → Vietnamese: chức nghiệp (職業)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 職 | 業 |
| しょく Grade: 5 | ぎょう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょくぎょー [shòkúꜜgyòò] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ɕo̞kɯ̟ɡʲo̞ː]

### Noun

職(しょく)業(ぎょう) • (shokugyō)
* occupation, trade, profession, business

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 職 | 業 |

### Noun

職業 • (jigeop) (hangeul 직업)
* hanja form of 직업 (“job, work, occupation, vocation, profession, trade”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 職 | 業 |

### Noun

職業
* chữ Hán form of chức nghiệp (“career, profession”).