OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 蘼

| 蘼 | U+863C, &#34364; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-863C |
| ← 蘻 [U+863B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蘽 → [U+863D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蘼 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+19, 25 strokes, cangjie input 廿戈金卜 (TICY) or 廿戈木卜 (TIDY), four-corner 4421$_1$, composition ⿱艹靡)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1071, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32583
* Dae Jaweon: page 1538, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3337, character 5
* Unihan data for U+863C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 麻 | *mraːl |
| 痲 | *mraːl |
| 犘 | *mraːl |
| 縻 | *mral |
| 醿 | *mral |
| 爢 | *mral |
| 蘼 | *mral, *mralʔ, *mrɯl |
| 靡 | *mralʔ |
| 摩 | *maːl, *maːls |
| 魔 | *maːl |
| 磨 | *maːl, *maːls |
| 劘 | *maːl |
| 麽 | *maːl |
| 麼 | *maːlʔ |
| 塺 | *maːls, *mɯːl |
| 麾 | *hmral |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mí (mi$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mei$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mí
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mí
*** Wade–Giles: mi$^2$
*** Yale: mí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mi
*** Palladius: ми (mi)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mei$^4$
*** Yale: mèih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mei$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: méi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mei̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: mje, mjeX
Rime :
| Character | 蘼 | 蘼 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (13) | 支 (13) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 靡爲切 | 文彼切 |
| Baxter | mje | mjeX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠiᴇ/ | /mˠiᴇ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚiɛ/ | /mᵚiɛ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miɛ/ | /miɛ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mjiə̆/ | /mjiə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /mje/ | /mje$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mǐe/ | /mǐe$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mie̯/ | /mie̯$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mí | mǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mei$^4$ | mei$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mral/, /*mralʔ/, /*mrɯl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蘼 | 蘼 | 蘼 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 8700 | 8702 | 8703 |
| Phonetic component | 麻 | 麻 | 麻 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 歌 | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 糜 | 靡 | 眉 |
| Old Chinese | /*mral/ | /*mralʔ/ | /*mrɯl/ |
| Notes | 見爾雅 | 見爾雅 | 蘪之通用字 |

### Definitions

蘼
* (in compounds) used in plant names

### Compounds

* 荼蘼 (túmí)
* 蘠蘼
* 蘼蕪／蘼芜 (míwú)
* 蘼藿

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): び (bi)、み (mi)

## Korean
### Hanja

蘼 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi, Yale mi)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
# lábunk
## Hungarian
### Etymology

láb (“leg, foot”) +‎ -unk (“our”, possessive suffix)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlaːbuŋk]
* Hyphenation: lá‧bunk

### Noun

lábunk
* first-person plural single-possession possessive of láb
# motor scooters
## English
### Noun

motor scooters
* plural of motor scooter
# locitavisse
## Latin
### Verb

locitāvisse
* perfect active infinitive of locitō
# מועצות מקומיות
## Hebrew
### Noun

מוֹעָצוֹת מְקוֹמִיּוֹת • (transliteration needed)
* plural indefinite form of מועצה מקומית (mo'atza mekomit)‎
# flaskede
## Danish
### Verb

flaskede
* past of flaske
# くるみ割り
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 割
* わ Grade: 6
* kun'yomi

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɯ̟ɾɯ̟mʲiβ̞a̠ɾʲi]

### Noun

くるみ割(わ)り • (kurumiwari)
* nutcracker (tool)

#### Derived terms

* くるみ割(わ)り人形(にんぎょう) (kurumiwari ningyō)
# しょうじ
## Japanese
### Noun

しょうじ • (shōji)
* 商事: commercial affairs
* 障子: paper sliding-door, shoji
* 省字: simplification of a kanji
* 荘司: administrator of a manor
* 消磁: demagnetization, degaussing
* 小路: lane, alley
* 正治: Shouji era
* 小事: trifle
* 少時: one's early days; little while
* 生死: (Buddhist) samsara; death
* 精進: concentration, diligence, devotion; asceticism

### Proper noun

しょうじ or ショウジ • (Shōji)
* 庄司, 荘司, 東海林: a surname
* 昌司, 祥次, 正志, 昭治, 昇治, 昭二, 翔治, 正二: a male given name
* 昭司, 庄司, 省二, 祥司, 祥二, 正治, 荘司, 章司: a male given name
# しょうしんしょうめい
## Japanese
### Noun

しょうしんしょうめい • (shōshinshōmei)
* 正真正銘: genuine
# しょうしょう
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of しょうしょう – see the following entries. :
| 【少々】 | [adverb] a small amount [phrase] Just a minute! Alternative spellings 少少, 小小, 小々 |
| 【少将】 | [noun] (historical, government) the junior 次官 (suke, “deputy”) of the 近衛府 (Konoefu) [noun] (military) a major general [noun] (military) a rear admiral [noun] (military) an air vice-marshal |
(This term, しょうしょう (shōshō), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) :
# flamiganta
## Esperanto
### Adjective

flamiganta (accusative singular flamigantan, plural flamigantaj, accusative plural flamigantajn)
* singular present active participle of flamigi
# じょうまえ
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of じょうまえ – see the following entry. :
| 【錠前】 | [noun] padlock, lock |
(This term, じょうまえ (jōmae), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as じょうまえ, see Category:Japanese kanji read as じょうまえ.) :
# fletíeis
## Portuguese
### Verb

fletíeis
* second-person plural imperfect indicative of fletir
# flitse
## Dutch
### Verb

flitse
* (dated or formal) singular present subjunctive of flitsen
# flodbølgje
## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* flodbylgje

### Etymology

From flod +‎ bølgje.

### Noun

flodbølgje f (definite singular flodbølgja, indefinite plural flodbølgjer, definite plural flodbølgjene)
* a tidal wave
* a flood or wave (e.g. of criticism, indignation, protests)

### See also

* flodbølge (Bokmål)

### References

* “flodbølgje” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
# flodbølgjene
## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

flodbølgjene f
* definite plural of flodbølgje
# flamingantisme
## French
### Etymology

From flamingant +‎ -isme.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

flamingantisme m (plural flamingantismes)
* Flemish nationalism (in Belgium)
    Coordinate term: wallingantisme

### Further reading

* “flamingantisme”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# flaming up
## English
### Verb

flaming up
* present participle and gerund of flame up
# flaming swords
## English
### Noun

flaming swords
* plural of flaming sword
# flerstavet
## Norwegian Bokmål
### Adjective

flerstavet m or f or n (definite singular and plural flerstavede or flerstavete)
* polysyllabic, multisyllabic
# そっちゅう
## Japanese
### Noun

そっちゅう • (sotchū)
* 卒中: stroke, apoplexy
# そっせん
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of そっせん – see the following entry. :
| 【率先】 | [noun] taking the initiative, taking the lead [verb] to take the initiative, to take the lead Alternative spellings 帥先, 卒先 |
(This term, そっせん (sossen), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# fluegelhorn
## English
### Noun

fluegelhorn (plural fluegelhorns)
* Alternative spelling of flugelhorn
# flankenlasitajn
## Esperanto
### Adjective

flankenlasitajn
* accusative plural past passive participle of flankenlasi
# flankenlasita
## Esperanto
### Adjective

flankenlasita (accusative singular flankenlasitan, plural flankenlasitaj, accusative plural flankenlasitajn)
* singular past passive participle of flankenlasi
# flous
## French
### Adjective

flous
* masculine plural of flou

### Noun

flous m (plural flous)
* (Arabic) money

### Further reading

* “flous”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Swedish
### Noun

flous ?
* (slang) Alternative form of flos (“money”)
# たつお
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of たつお – see the following entries. :
| 【達生】 | [proper noun] a male given name |
| 【龍男】 | [proper noun] a male given name |
| 【龍生】 | [proper noun] a male given name |
| 【立雄】 | [proper noun] a male given name |
| 【達雄】 | [proper noun] a male given name |
| 【竜郎】 | [proper noun] a male given name |
| 【達夫】 | [proper noun] a male given name |
| 【辰雄】 | [proper noun] a male given name |
| 【辰夫】 | [proper noun] a male given name |
(This term, たつお (tatsuo), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) :
# たっとい
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of たっとい – see the following entry. :
| 【尊い】 | [adjective] noble; exalted; sacred [adjective] precious; valuable Alternative spelling 貴い |
(This term, たっとい (tattoi), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# とくれい
## Japanese
### Noun

とくれい • (tokurei)
* 特例: special case
* 督励: encouragement, spurring on
# とくろう
## Japanese
### Proper noun

とくろう • (Tokurō)
* 得郎: a male given name
# とけい座
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 座
* ざ Grade: 6
* on'yomi

### Alternative forms

* 時(と)計(けい)座(ざ) (Tokeiza)

### Etymology

時計 (tokei, “tokei”) +‎ 座 (-za, “constellation”)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とけーざ [tòkéézá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ke̞ːza̠]

### Proper noun

とけい座(ざ) • (Tokeiza)
* (astronomy) Horologium
# ぐり
## Japanese

* Alternative spellings
* 屈輪 倶利

### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “A sound-symbolic formation, perhaps related to ぐりぐり (“press and massage”) (referring to the carving process) and/or ぐるぐる (“turning round and round”) (referring to the whirling patterns of guri lacquer).”

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぐり [gùríꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [ɡɯ̟ɾʲi]

### Noun

ぐり • (guri)
* a curved fern-like pattern used in decorating carved lacquer and Zen Buddhist temples

#### Synonyms

* 屈輪(ぐり)文(もん) (gurimon)
* ぐりん (gurin)
* ぐりぐり (guriguri)

#### Descendants

* → Persian: غوری (ğôri, “a sort of porcelain”)
** ⇒ Persian: قوری (quri, “teapot”)
*** → Gulf Arabic: غوري (ḡūri)
*** → Malay: guri / ݢوري (“small waterpot with a spout”)
**** Indonesian: guri

#### See also

* 彫(ちょう)漆(しつ) (chōshitsu, “lacquer carving”)
* 堆朱(ついしゅ) (tsuishu, “red lacquer carving”)
* 堆黒(ついこく) (tsuikoku, “black lacquer carving”)
* Chinese: 剔犀, 雲雕／云雕

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# ちょさく
## Japanese
### Noun

ちょさく • (chosaku)
* 著作: story, writing of a book
# flickis
## Swedish
### Etymology

Clipping of flickflack, with the same meaning, +‎ -is.

### Noun

flickis c
* (colloquial, gymnastics) backwards handspring

#### See also

* handvolt (“handspring”)
* rondat (“forward handspring”)
# flugliniojn
## Esperanto
### Noun

flugliniojn
* accusative plural of fluglinio
# fluglarvernas
## Swedish
### Noun

fluglarvernas
* definite genitive plural of fluglarv
# floateth
## English
### Etymology

float +‎ -eth

### Verb

floateth
* (archaic) third-person singular simple present indicative of float
# flushboarded
## English
### Adjective

flushboarded (not comparable)
* Alternative form of flashboarded
# flushes out
## English
### Verb

flushes out
* third-person singular simple present indicative of flush out
# flushboarding
## English
### Noun

flushboarding (uncountable)
* Alternative form of flashboarding
# fly-boat
## English
### Noun

fly-boat (plural fly-boats)
* Alternative form of flyboat
# fluctuessis
## Catalan
### Verb

fluctuessis
* second-person singular imperfect subjunctive of fluctuar
# fluctuessin
## Catalan
### Verb

fluctuessin
* third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of fluctuar
# fly-by-night
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

fly-by-night (plural fly-by-nights)
* A creature which flies at night; a nocturnal flier or traveler.
* (often attributive) One who departs or flees at night in order to avoid creditors, law enforcement etc.
    Do not give your credit card number to that fly-by-night operation.
* (idiomatic, derogatory) A person or business that appears and/or disappears rapidly, appearing untrustworthy, or giving an impression of transience.
** 1917, Rose Wilder Lane, chapter 22, in Henry Ford’s Own Story:The automobile industry rose almost overnight. Orders poured into the offices of companies already organized; new companies were formed by dozens, capitalized at millions of dollars. Fly-by-night concerns sprang up like mushrooms, flooded the country with stock-selling schemes, established factories where parts of motor cars, bought elsewhere, were assembled.
** 1922, Sinclair Lewis, chapter 4, in Babbitt, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Company, →OCLC:True, it was a good advertisement at Boosters' Club lunches, and all the varieties of Annual Banquets to which Good Fellows were invited, to speak sonorously of […] a thing called Ethics, whose nature was confusing but if you had it you were a High-class Realtor and if you hadn't you were a shyster, a piker, and a fly-by-night.
** 1998 January 24, Bill Clinton, Presidential Radio Address‎:Second, it will ensure that when fly-by-night providers go bankrupt, Medicare is at the top of the list of debts to be repaid. And finally, it will bring down costs by allowing Medicare to purchase goods and services at a competitive price.
* (idiomatic, derogatory) A traveling businessman or tradesman.

#### Usage notes

The phrase implies that the quality of work done or goods sold is shoddy enough that the person responsible must leave town under cover of darkness to evade angry customers, or sometimes legal authorities. The earliest use of the phrase is said to have been a reproach for women, signifying that she was a witch. The modern usage first appeared in 1823.

#### Synonyms

* fly-by-nighter

### References

* 1 2 Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “fly-by-night”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
# fly-by-nighter
## English
### Noun

fly-by-nighter (plural fly-by-nighters)
* Synonym of fly-by-night (“one who appears and/or disappears rapidly, appearing untrustworthy”)
# fly-catchers
## English
### Noun

fly-catchers
* plural of fly-catcher
# fludoxopone
## English
### Noun

fludoxopone (uncountable)
* An antilipidemic drug.
# fludor
## Romanian
### Etymology

Unknown.

### Noun

fludor n (uncountable)
* solder
# ねこかぶり
## Japanese
### Noun

ねこかぶり • (nekokaburi)
* 猫被り: being a wolf in sheep's clothing, feigning ignorance or innocence, someone who feigns ignorance or innocence
# ねこぜ
## Japanese
### Noun

ねこぜ • (nekoze)
* 猫背: stoop, hunchback
# flögen hoch
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

flögen hoch
* first-person plural subjunctive II of hochfliegen
# focilaberis
## Latin
### Verb

focilāberis
* second-person singular future passive indicative of focilō
# ずがいこつ
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of ずがいこつ – see the following entry. :
| 【頭蓋骨】 | [noun] (anatomy) skull, cranium |
(This term, ずがいこつ (zugaikotsu), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# ずが
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of ずが – see the following entry. :
| 【図画】 | [noun] drawing |
(This term, ずが (zuga), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# ずいぶん
## Japanese
### Adverb

ずいぶん • (zuibun)
* 随分: extremely, very
# flitafit
## Volapük
### Etymology

flit (“flight, flying”) +‎ fit (“fish”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [fli.ta.ˈfit]

### Noun

flitafit (nominative plural flitafits)
* flying fish

#### Declension

* $^1$ status as a case is disputed
* $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

#### Hypernyms

* nim
* fit

#### Hyponyms

* flitahifit
* flitajifit
* flitafitil
* flitafitül

#### Related terms

* flit
* flitamug
* flitäm
* räptul flitöl
* flitöm
* flitön
# fo-ordú
## Irish
### Noun

fo-ordú m (genitive singular fo-ordaithe)
* verbal noun of fo-ordaigh
* subordination

#### Declension

Irregular

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “fo-ordú”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# fo-ordaitheach
## Irish
### Etymology

From fo-ordaigh (“subordinate”) +‎ -ach (adjectival suffix).

### Adjective

fo-ordaitheach (genitive singular masculine fo-ordaithigh, genitive singular feminine fo-ordaithí, plural fo-ordaitheacha)
* (grammar) subordinating

#### Declension

| | Singular | Singular | Plural (m/f) | Plural (m/f) |
| Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
| Nominative | fo-ordaitheach | fho-ordaitheach | fo-ordaitheacha; fho-ordaitheacha² | fo-ordaitheacha; fho-ordaitheacha² |
| Vocative | fho-ordaithigh | fho-ordaitheach | fo-ordaitheacha | fo-ordaitheacha |
| Genitive | fho-ordaithigh | fo-ordaithí | fo-ordaitheacha | fo-ordaitheach |
| Dative | fo-ordaitheach; fho-ordaitheach¹ | fho-ordaitheach; fho-ordaithigh (archaic) | fo-ordaitheacha; fho-ordaitheacha² | fo-ordaitheacha; fho-ordaitheacha² |
| Comparative | níos fo-ordaithí | níos fo-ordaithí | níos fo-ordaithí | níos fo-ordaithí |
| Superlative | is fo-ordaithí | is fo-ordaithí | is fo-ordaithí | is fo-ordaithí |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. ² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “fo-ordaitheach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# fo-ordaithe
## Irish
### Etymology

From fo- +‎ ordaithe.

### Adjective

fo-ordaithe
* subordinate
    Synonym: íochtaránach

### Noun

fo-ordaithe m
* genitive singular of fo-ordú

### Verb

fo-ordaithe
* past participle of fo-ordaigh
# ばんせいふえき
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of ばんせいふえき – see the following entry. :
| 【万世不易】 | [noun] eternally unchanging |
(This term, ばんせいふえき (banseifueki), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# ばんぞく
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of ばんぞく – see the following entries. :
| 【蛮族】 | [noun] barbarians; barbarian tribes Alternative spelling 蕃族 |
| 【蕃族】 | [noun] (historical, Taiwan under Japanese rule) aboriginal tribe |
| 【蕃俗】 | [noun] (historical, Taiwan under Japanese rule) aboriginal custom |
(This term, ばんぞく (banzoku), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) :
# flygkropparna
## Swedish
### Noun

flygkropparna c
* definite plural of flygkropp
# flygkorridorerna
## Swedish
### Noun

flygkorridorerna
* definite plural of flygkorridor
# flygkorridorernas
## Swedish
### Noun

flygkorridorernas
* definite genitive plural of flygkorridor
# brunisite
## Ido
### Verb

brunisite
* adverbial past passive participle of brunisar
# 受保人
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shòubǎorén
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄡˋ ㄅㄠˇ ㄖㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sau$^6$ bou$^2$ jan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shòubǎorén
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˋ ㄅㄠˇ ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shòubǎorén
*** Wade–Giles: shou$^4$-pao$^3$-jên$^2$
*** Yale: shòu-bǎu-rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: showbaoren
*** Palladius: шоубаожэнь (šoubaožɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sau$^6$ bou$^2$ jan$^4$
*** Yale: sauh bóu yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sau$^6$ bou$^2$ jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seo$^6$ bou$^2$ yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐu̯²² pou̯³⁵ jɐn²¹/

### Noun

受保人
* (insurance) the insured
# 日製
## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 日 | 製 |

### Noun

日製 • (ilje) (hangeul 일제)
* hanja form of 일제 (“Japanese-made”)
# lábukon
## Hungarian
### Etymology

láb (“leg, foot”) +‎ -uk (“their”, possessive suffix) +‎ -on (“on”, case suffix)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlaːbukon]
* Hyphenation: lá‧bu‧kon

### Noun

lábukon
* superessive of lábuk
# multiplicarit
## Latin
### Verb

multiplicārit
* inflection of multiplicō:
** third-person singular future perfect active indicative
** third-person singular perfect active subjunctive
# locitavissemus
## Latin
### Verb

locitāvissēmus
* first-person plural pluperfect active subjunctive of locitō
# bronzee
## Italian
### Adjective

bronzee
* feminine plural of bronzeo
# 薊國
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Jìguó
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gai$^3$ gwok$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Jìguó
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Jìguó
*** Wade–Giles: Chi$^4$-kuo$^2$
*** Yale: Jì-gwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jihgwo
*** Palladius: Цзиго (Czigo)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gai$^3$ gwok$^3$
*** Yale: gai gwok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gai$^3$ gwok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gei$^3$ guog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐi̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

### Proper noun

薊國
* The state of Ji in ancient China.
# muangx
## Iu Mien
### Etymology

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *(S-)mru̯ɔŋH (“to listen”). Cognate with White Hmong hmloog and Western Xiangxi Miao [Fenghuang] hnaond.

### Verb

muangx
* to listen
# 薍

| 薍 | U+858D, &#34189; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-858D |
| ← 薌 [U+858C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 薎 → [U+858E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

薍 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+13, 19 strokes, cangjie input 廿月月山 (TBBU), four-corner 4421$_2$, composition ⿱艹亂)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1060, character 31
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32102
* Dae Jaweon: page 1525, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3304, character 5
* Unihan data for U+858D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 覼 | *roːl |
| 亂 | *roːns |
| 薍 | *ŋroːns |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wàn (wan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): waan$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wàn
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^4$
*** Yale: wàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wann
*** Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waan$^6$
*** Yale: waahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wan$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /waːn²²/
* Middle Chinese: ngwaenH
Rime :
| Character | 薍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (70) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 五患切 |
| Baxter | ngwaenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠuan$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋʷᵚan$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋuɐn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋwaɨn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋuan$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋwan$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ŋwan$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngaan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋroːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 薍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8646 |
| Phonetic component | 亂 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 薍 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋroːns/ |

#### Definitions

薍
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): luàn (luan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄢˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: luàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: luàn
*** Wade–Giles: luan$^4$
*** Yale: lwàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luann
*** Palladius: луань (luanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯än⁵¹/

#### Definitions

薍
* Only used in 薍子／葭薍 and 菼薍.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 𦯠 |
| Kyūjitai | 薍 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𦯠)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): らん (ran)、うん (un)、うえん (uen)