# 帕

| 帕 | U+5E15, &#24085; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E15 |
| ← 帔 [U+5E14] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 帖 → [U+5E16] |

## Translingual
### Han character

帕 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 中月竹日 (LBHA), four-corner 4620$_0$, composition ⿰巾白)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 329, character 44
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8848
* Dae Jaweon: page 635, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 734, character 7
* Unihan data for U+5E15

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 怕 | *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ |
| 帕 | *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd |
| 粕 | *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 胉 | *pʰaːɡ |
| 泊 | *baːɡ |
| 箔 | *baːɡ |
| 魄 | *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 皕 | *prɯɡ |
| 伯 | *praːɡ |
| 百 | *praːɡ |
| 迫 | *praːɡ |
| 敀 | *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 柏 | *praːɡ |
| 湐 | *praːɡ |
| 拍 | *pʰraːɡ |
| 珀 | *pʰraːɡ |
| 皛 | *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ |
| 洦 | *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ |
| 白 | *braːɡ |
| 帛 | *braːɡ |
| 舶 | *braːɡ |
| 鮊 | *braːɡ |
| 陌 | *mbraːɡ |
| 帞 | *mbraːɡ |
| 袹 | *mbraːɡ |
| 蛨 | *mbraːɡ |
| 貊 | *mbraːɡ |
| 佰 | *mbraːɡ |
| 銆 | *mbraːɡ |
| 碧 | *praɡ, *preɡ |
| 咟 | *ɦmreːɡ |

### Etymology
#### “Phrae Province; Phrae City”

    Borrowed from Thai แพร่ (prɛ̂ɛ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): pà (pa$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄆㄚˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pa$^4$ / pa$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): paak$^3$ / paa$^3$ / mat$^6$ / mak$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pha
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pa$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): pá
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phàⁿ / phà / phè / phèe / pheh
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pê$^3$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pe$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pà
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pà
*** Wade–Giles: pʻa$^4$
*** Yale: pà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pah
*** Palladius: па (pa)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰä⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: pa$^4$ / pa$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pa / pa
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰa²¹³/, /pʰa⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: paak$^3$ / paa$^3$ / mat$^6$ / mak$^6$
*** Yale: paak / pa / maht / mahk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: paak$^8$ / paa$^3$ / mat$^9$ / mak$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pag$^3$ / pa$^3$ / med$^6$ / meg$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaːk̚³/, /pʰaː³³/, /mɐt̚²/, /mɐk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pha
*** Hakka Romanization System: pa
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰa⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰa⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: pá
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phàⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: phànn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phvax
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰã⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phà
*** Tâi-lô: phà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phax
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰa²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phè
*** Tâi-lô: phè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phex
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /pʰe²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰe¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰe⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phèe
*** Tâi-lô: phèe
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɛ²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pheh
*** Tâi-lô: pheh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pheq
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰeʔ³²/
* phàⁿ/phà - literary;
* phè/phèe/pheh - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: maet
Rime :
| Character | 帕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 黠 (71) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 莫鎋切 |
| Baxter | maet |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠat̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚat̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɐt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maɨt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /mat̚/ |
| Wang Li | /mat̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /măt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mà |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | maat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰraːɡs/, /*mbraːd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 帕 | 帕 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 185 | 186 |
| Phonetic component | 白 | 白 |
| Rime group | 暮 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 帊 | 𥗥 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰraːɡs/ | /*mbraːd/ |
| Notes | 同帊 | |

### Definitions

帕
* to wrap
* kerchief, handkerchief, headscarf
* Short for 帕斯卡 (Pàsīkǎ, “pascal (SI unit)”).
* (～府) Phrae province
* (～市) Phrae city

### Compounds

* 伊底帕斯
* 佛帕
* 坎帕拉 (Kǎnpàlā)
* 帕修斯
* 帕勞／帕劳 (Pàláo)
* 帕子 (pàzi)
* 帕巴拉
* 帕息吉
* 帕拉
* 帕提亞／帕提亚 (Pàtíyà)
* 帕斯卡 (Pàsīkǎ)
* 帕格尼尼 (Pàgéníní)
* 帕耳美拉
* 帕腹
* 帕頭／帕头
* 帕首
* 手帕 (shǒupà)
* 手帕姊妹
* 手帕子
* 書帕／书帕
* 書帕本／书帕本
* 歐帕林／欧帕林
* 汗帕
* 絹帕／绢帕
* 羅帕／罗帕
* 臉帕／脸帕

### References

* “帕”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ばつ (batsu)、めち (mechi)、は (ha)、へ (he)、はく (haku)、みゃく (myaku)、みゅく (myuku)
* Kun: つつむ (tsutsumu)

## Korean
### Hanja

帕 • (mal, pa) (hangeul 말, 파, revised mal, pa, McCune–Reischauer mal, p'a)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

帕: Hán Nôm readings: phạ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation