# 槮

| 槮 | U+69EE, &#27118; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-69EE |
| ← 槭 [U+69ED] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 槯 → [U+69EF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

槮 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 木戈戈竹 (DIIH), four-corner 4392$_2$, composition ⿰木參)
* lush growth (trees)
* (archaic) fishing using bundled wood

#### Derived characters

* 𥶠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 547, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15370
* Dae Jaweon: page 935, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1286, character 1
* Unihan data for U+69EE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 槮
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 篸 | *ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːms |
| 參 | *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum |
| 驂 | *sʰluːm |
| 傪 | *sʰluːm, *sʰluːmʔ |
| 慘 | *sʰluːmʔ |
| 黲 | *sʰluːmʔ, *sʰloːmʔ |
| 謲 | *sʰluːms |
| 毿 | *sluːm |
| 蔘 | *sluːm, *srum |
| 犙 | *sluːm, *sru, *srɯu |
| 糝 | *sluːmʔ |
| 槮 | *sluːmʔ, *sʰrum, *srum, *srumʔ |
| 鬖 | *sloːm |
| 摻 | *sruːm, *sruːmʔ |
| 醦 | *sruːmʔ, *sʰrumʔ |
| 縿 | *sroːm |
| 穇 | *sroːm |
| 嵾 | *sʰrum |
| 磣 | *sʰrumʔ |
| 墋 | *sʰrumʔ |
| 曑 | *srum |
| 瘮 | *srumʔ |
| 滲 | *srums |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sēn, sǎn (sen$^1$, san$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄣ, ㄙㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sam$^1$ / sam$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sen
*** Wade–Giles: sên$^1$
*** Yale: sēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sen
*** Palladius: сэнь (sɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /sən⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sǎn
*** Wade–Giles: san$^3$
*** Yale: sǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: saan
*** Palladius: сань (sanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /sän²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sam$^1$ / sam$^6$
*** Yale: sām / sahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sam$^1$ / sam$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sem$^1$ / sem$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐm⁵⁵/, /sɐm²²/
* Middle Chinese: srim, tsrhim, srimX, somX
Rime :
| Character | 槮 | 槮 | 槮 | 槮 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 初 (19) | 生 (21) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) | 侵 (140) | 侵 (140) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | I |
| Fanqie | 所今切 | 楚簪切 | 踈錦切 | 桑感切 |
| Baxter | srim | tsrhim | srimX | somX |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠiɪm/ | /t͡ʃʰˠiɪm/ | /ʃˠiɪm$^X$/ | /sʌm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚim/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚim/ | /ʃᵚim$^X$/ | /səm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃiem/ | /t͡ʃʰiem/ | /ʃiem$^X$/ | /sɒm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂjim/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰjim/ | /ʂjim$^X$/ | /səm$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃjəm/ | /t͡ʃʰjəm/ | /ʃjəm$^X$/ | /sᴀm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃĭĕm/ | /t͡ʃʰĭĕm/ | /ʃĭĕm$^X$/ | /sɒm$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʂi̯əm/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰi̯əm/ | /ʂi̯əm$^X$/ | /săm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shēn | chēn | shěn | sǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sam$^1$ | cam$^1$ | sam$^2$ | saam$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.r̥[ə]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sluːmʔ/, /*sʰrum/, /*srum/, /*srumʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 槮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sēn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrhim › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.r̥[ə]m/ |
| English | tall (tree) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 槮 | 槮 | 槮 | 槮 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| No. | 1093 | 1104 | 1111 | 1113 |
| Phonetic component | 參 | 參 | 參 | 參 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 侵 | 侵 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 糂 | 嵾 | 森 | 㾕 |
| Old Chinese | /*sluːmʔ/ | /*sʰrum/ | /*srum/ | /*srumʔ/ |

### Definitions

槮
* towering; tall

### Compounds

* 槮爽／椮爽
* 萷槮／萷椮

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* thicket
* thickly intertwined branches

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): しん (shin)、さん (san)、せん (sen)

## Korean
### Hanja

槮 • (sam) (hangeul 삼, revised sam, McCune–Reischauer sam)
* plain and smooth

## Vietnamese
### Han character

槮: Hán Nôm readings: sim
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation