OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 雇員
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 雇員 – see 僱員 (“employee”). (This term is a variant form of 僱員).

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 雇 | 員 |
| こ Grade: S | いん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こいん [kóꜜìǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) こいん [kòíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞ĩɴ]

### Noun

雇(こ)員(いん) • (koin)
* employee

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 阶段
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 阶段 – see 階段 (“phase; stage; level”). (This term is the simplified form of 階段).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 頂出去
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tin-tsheq-chiu
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tin-tsheq-chiu
*** MiniDict: tin$^去$ tsheh chiu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tin-tsheq-qy
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tin³³ t͡sʰəʔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹/

### Verb

頂出去
* (Shanghainese, business) to transfer

#### Synonyms

* (Shanghainese Wu) 轉讓／转让 (zhuǎnràng)
# 頂冬米
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): téng-tang-bí
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: téng-tang-bí
*** Tâi-lô: tíng-tang-bí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: defngdangbie
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³/

### Noun

頂冬米
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) early season rice

#### Synonyms

* 早稻 (zǎodào)
* (Hokkien) 早冬米, 種仔米／种仔米, 早冬
# 難爲
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 難爲 – see 難為 (“to be difficult to do; to make it difficult for; etc.”). (This term is a variant form of 難為).
# 難測
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): náncè
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄘㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): naan$^4$ caak$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: náncè
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄘㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: náncè
*** Wade–Giles: nan$^2$-tsʻê$^4$
*** Yale: nán-tsè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nantseh
*** Palladius: наньцэ (nanʹcɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /nän³⁵ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$南側／南侧 男廁／男厕 難測／难测
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naan$^4$ caak$^1$
*** Yale: nàahn chāak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naan$^4$ tsaak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nan$^4$ cag$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːn²¹ t͡sʰaːk̚⁵/

### Verb

難測
* to be difficult to guess or fathom
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Fū dàguó náncè yě, jù yǒu fú yān. [Pinyin]
    It is difficult to fathom the moves of a great state, and I feared an ambush.
# 閑事
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 閑事 – see 閒事 (“other people's business; unimportant matter; trivial matter”). (This term is a variant traditional form of 閒事).
# 韩料
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 韩料 – see 韓料 (“Korean food; Korean cuisine”). (This term is the simplified form of 韓料).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 韩方
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 韩方 – see 韓方 (“the Korean side; the Koreans”). (This term is the simplified form of 韓方).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 電磁能
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): diàncínéng
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄘˊ ㄋㄥˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diàncínéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄘˊ ㄋㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diàncíhnéng
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^4$-tzʻŭ$^2$-nêng$^2$
*** Yale: dyàn-tsź-néng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dianntsyrneng
*** Palladius: дяньцынэн (djanʹcynɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ nɤŋ³⁵/

### Noun

電磁能
* (physics) electromagnetic energy
# 顯性基因
## Chinese

| | | visible; conspicuous; dominant | |
| trad. (顯性基因) | trad. (顯性基因) | 顯性 | 基因 |
| simp. (显性基因) | simp. (显性基因) | 显性 | 基因 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiǎnxìng jīyīn
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄐㄧ ㄧㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hin$^2$ sing$^3$ gei$^1$ jan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎnxìng jīyīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄐㄧ ㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎnsìng jiyin
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^3$-hsing$^4$ chi$^1$-yin$^1$
*** Yale: syǎn-syìng jī-yīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheanshinq jiin
*** Palladius: сяньсин цзиинь (sjanʹsin cziinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hin$^2$ sing$^3$ gei$^1$ jan$^1$
*** Yale: hín sing gēi yān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hin$^2$ sing$^3$ gei$^1$ jan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hin$^2$ xing$^3$ géi$^1$ yen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiːn³⁵ sɪŋ³³ kei̯⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

### Noun

顯性基因
* dominant gene

#### See also

* 隱性基因／隐性基因 (yǐnxìng jīyīn)
# 顯擺
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiǎnbai
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˇ ˙ㄅㄞ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hin$^2$ baai$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎnbai
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˇ ˙ㄅㄞ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎnbåi
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^3$-pai$^5$
*** Yale: syǎn-bai
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shean.bai
*** Palladius: сяньбай (sjanʹbaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴ b̥aɪ̯⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hin$^2$ baai$^2$
*** Yale: hín báai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hin$^2$ baai$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hin$^2$ bai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiːn³⁵ paːi̯³⁵/

### Verb

顯擺
* (colloquial, derogatory) to show off
# 顧念
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gùniàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˋ ㄋㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gu$^3$ nim$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ku-ngiam
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kò͘-liām
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gùniàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ ㄋㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gùniàn
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^4$-nien$^4$
*** Yale: gù-nyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guhniann
*** Palladius: гунянь (gunjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^3$ nim$^6$
*** Yale: gu nihm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^3$ nim$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^3$ nim$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː³³ niːm²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ku-ngiam
*** Hakka Romanization System: gu ngiam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gu$^4$ ngiam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku⁵⁵ ŋi̯am⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-liām
*** Tâi-lô: kòo-liām
*** Phofsit Daibuun: korliam
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ liam²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ liam²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ liam³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ liam³³/

### Verb

顧念
* to worry about; to care for

#### Synonyms

* 心念 (Hokkien)
* 念 (niàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 惦念 (diànniàn)
* 惦記／惦记 (diànjì)
* 懸／悬 (xuán) (literary, or in compounds)
* 懸念／悬念 (xuánniàn) (formal)
* 懸想／悬想 (xuánxiǎng)
* 掛念／挂念 (guàniàn)
* 掛意／挂意 (guàyì)
* 掛記／挂记 (Nanchang Gan, Yudu Hakka)
* 數念／数念 (siàu-liām) (Hokkien)
* 牽掛／牵挂 (qiānguà)
* 眷懷／眷怀 (juànhuái) (literary)
* 眷注 (juànzhù) (literary)
* 眷顧／眷顾 (juàngù) (formal)
* 記掛／记挂 (jìguà) (dialectal)
# 顧盼
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gùpàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˋ ㄆㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gu$^3$ paan$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gùpàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ ㄆㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gùpàn
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^4$-pʻan$^4$
*** Yale: gù-pàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guhpann
*** Palladius: гупань (gupanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^3$ paan$^3$
*** Yale: gu paan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^3$ paan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^3$ pan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː³³ pʰaːn³³/

### Verb

顧盼
* (literary) to look around
# 靈柩
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): língjiù
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ling$^4$ gau$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lêng-kiū
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: língjiù
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: língjiòu
*** Wade–Giles: ling$^2$-chiu$^4$
*** Yale: líng-jyòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lingjiow
*** Palladius: линцзю (linczju)
*** Sinological IPA : /liŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ling$^4$ gau$^6$
*** Yale: lìhng gauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ling$^4$ gau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ling$^4$ geo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɪŋ²¹ kɐu̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng-kiū
*** Tâi-lô: lîng-kiū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lengkiu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kiu²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kiu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³⁻²² kiu²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kiu³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³⁻³³ kiu³³/

### Noun

靈柩
* coffin with the body; coffin containing a corpse; bier
    From: 4 December 2018, 美国前总统老布什追悼仪式举行 灵柩陈列于国会大厦供民众瞻仰, 中国日报网
    Dāngdì shíjiān 12 yuè 2 rì, Měiguó qiánzǒngtǒng Lǎo Bùshí bàngōngshì fābù de zhàopiàn xiǎnshì, zài Dézhōu Xiūsīdūn, Lǎo Bùshí shēngqián de fúwùquǎn “Sàlì” (Sully) shǒu zài tā de língjiù qián. [Pinyin]
    On December 2 local time in Houston, Texas, the office of Former US President Bush Sr. put out a photograph in which his former service dog Sully stands guard before his coffin.

#### Synonyms

* 柩 (jiù)
* 棺柩 (guānjiù)
* 靈／灵 (líng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 霊(れい)柩(きゅう) (reikyū)
* → Korean: 영구(靈柩) (yeonggu), 령구(靈柩) (ryeonggu)
* → Vietnamese: linh cữu (靈柩)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 靈 | 柩 |
| れい Hyōgai | きゅう Hyōgai |
| kan'on ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 靈柩 – see the following entry. :
| 【霊柩れいきゅう】 | [noun] Synonym of 棺 (hitsugi, kan, “coffin; casket”) |
(This term, 靈柩, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 靈 | 柩 |

### Noun

靈柩 • (yeonggu) (hangeul 영구)
* hanja form of 영구
# 雞毛撢帚
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 雞毛撢帚 – see 雞毛撣帚 (“feather duster”). (This term is a variant traditional form of 雞毛撣帚).
# 雞毛眼
## Chinese

| | | chicken feather | eye |
| trad. (雞毛眼/鷄毛眼) | trad. (雞毛眼/鷄毛眼) | 雞毛/鷄毛 | 眼 |
| simp. (鸡毛眼) | simp. (鸡毛眼) | 鸡毛 | 眼 |

### Pronunciation

* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ji$^1$ mau$^2$ ngan$^3$
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ji$^1$ mau$^2$ ngan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi³³ mɒu̯¹³ ŋan⁴¹/

### Noun

雞毛眼
* (Pingxiang Gan, Yudu Hakka, Xiang) night blindness

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 夜盲, 夜盲症 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 雀蒙眼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 雞宿眼, 雀蒙眼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 夜黑子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 夜盲眼, 雞宿眼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 雞麻眼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 雞摸眼, 雞蒙眼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 雞蒙眼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 雞蒙眼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 雀眯眼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 雀盲眼, 雀矇眼 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 雞盲 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 發雞盲, 夜盲症 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 雞毛眼 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 雞毛眼 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 雀目眼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 雀盲, 雞仔目 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 雀盲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 雀盲, 雞仔目 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 雞仔目 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 雞仔目 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 雞仔目 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 雞仔目 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 雞仔目 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 雞仔目 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 雞仔目 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 雞目 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 雞目 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 雞目 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 雀盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 雀盲 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 照雞盲 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 發雞盲 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 雞宿眼 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 雞白眼 |
| Wu | Danyang | 雀目眼, 夜盲 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 雞盲眼 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 雞盲 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 雞毛眼 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 雞毛眼 |
# 香柠檬
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 香柠檬 – see 香檸檬 (“bergamot, Citrus × bergamia”). (This term is the simplified form of 香檸檬).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 馳駆
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 馳 | 駆 |
| ち Jinmeiyō | く Grade: S |
| kan'on | on'yomi |
* Alternative spelling
* 馳驅 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちく [chìkú] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) ちく [chíꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [t͡ɕikɯ̟]

### Noun

馳(ち)駆(く) • (chiku)
* galloping about on horseback
* running about exerting oneself
* contending

### Verb

馳(ち)駆(く)する • (chiku suru) intransitive suru (stem 馳(ち)駆(く)し (chiku shi), past 馳(ち)駆(く)した (chiku shita))
* to gallop about on horseback
* to run about exerting oneself
* to contend
# 駷

| 駷 | U+99F7, &#39415; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-99F7 |
| ← 駶 [U+99F6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 駸 → [U+99F8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

駷 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+7, 17 strokes, cangjie input 尸火木中 (SFDL), four-corner 7539$_6$, composition ⿰馬束)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1439, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44758
* Dae Jaweon: page 1963, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4556, character 15
* Unihan data for U+99F7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 涑 | *sloː, *sloːɡ, *sloɡ |
| 鏉 | *sloː, *sloːɡs, *srus |
| 摗 | *sloː |
| 駷 | *sloːʔ, *sloŋʔ |
| 嗽 | *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ, *sloːɡ |
| 瘶 | *sloːɡs |
| 欶 | *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ |
| 漱 | *sloːɡs, *srus |
| 捒 | *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs |
| 悚 | *sloŋʔ |
| 竦 | *sloŋʔ |
| 娕 | *sʰroːɡ |
| 梀 | *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ |
| 速 | *sloːɡ |
| 餗 | *sloːɡ |
| 殐 | *sloːɡ |
| 遬 | *sloːɡ |
| 蔌 | *sloːɡ |
| 樕 | *sloːɡ |
| 藗 | *sloːɡ |
| 誎 | *sʰloɡ |
| 束 | *hljoɡ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sǒng (song$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sung$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sǒng
*** Wade–Giles: sung$^3$
*** Yale: sǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: soong
*** Palladius: сун (sun)
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sung$^2$
*** Yale: súng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sung$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊŋ³⁵/

### Definitions

駷
* to use a riding whip to keep a horse walking fast
# 驦

| 驦 | U+9A66, &#39526; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9A66 |
| ← 驥 [U+9A65] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 驧 → [U+9A67] |

## Translingual
### Han character

驦 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+17, 27 strokes, cangjie input 尸火一月山 (SFMBU), four-corner 7136$_2$, composition ⿰馬霜)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1447, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45077
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4584, character 4
* Unihan data for U+9A66

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 相 | *slaŋ, *slaŋs |
| 廂 | *slaŋ |
| 湘 | *slaŋ |
| 緗 | *slaŋ |
| 箱 | *slaŋ |
| 葙 | *slaŋ |
| 想 | *slaŋʔ |
| 霜 | *sraŋ |
| 孀 | *sraŋ |
| 鸘 | *sraŋ |
| 驦 | *sraŋ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shuāng (shuang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shuāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shuang
*** Wade–Giles: shuang$^1$
*** Yale: shwāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuang
*** Palladius: шуан (šuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^1$
*** Yale: sēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: srjang
Rime :
| Character | 驦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 色莊切 |
| Baxter | srjang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʂi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shuāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | song$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sraŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 驦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13590 |
| Phonetic component | 相 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 霜 |
| Old Chinese | /*sraŋ/ |
| Notes | 見漢賦 |

### Definitions

驦
* (literary) horse

#### Compounds

* 驌驦／骕骦 (sùshuāng)
# 高天
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gāotiān
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ ㄊㄧㄢ
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kô-thiên
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gāotiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ ㄊㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gaotian
*** Wade–Giles: kao$^1$-tʻien$^1$
*** Yale: gāu-tyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gautian
*** Palladius: гаотянь (gaotjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kô-thiên
*** Hakka Romanization System: go$^ˊ$ tien$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: go$^1$ tian$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ko²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi̯en²⁴/

### Noun

高天
* (literary) Heaven; God
* (literary) the sky above
* (literary) high altitude
* (literary) the big sky

#### Derived terms

* 名高天下
* 周郎妙計高天下，賠了夫人又折兵／周郎妙计高天下，赔了夫人又折兵
* 高天厚地
* 高天原 (Gāotiānyuán)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 高天(こうてん) (kōten)
* → Korean: 고천(高天) (gocheon)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 高 | 天 |
| こう Grade: 2 | てん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

高(こう)天(てん) • (kōten)
* The heavens
# 高头
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 高头 – see 高頭 (“above; on”). (This term is the simplified form of 高頭).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 驕奢淫佚
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 驕奢淫佚 – see 驕奢淫逸 (“extravagant and dissipated; decadent”). (This term is a variant form of 驕奢淫逸).
# 驕奢淫逸
## Chinese

| | | | to be promiscuous; to be licentious |
| trad. (驕奢淫逸) | trad. (驕奢淫逸) | 驕奢 | 淫逸 |
| simp. (骄奢淫逸) | simp. (骄奢淫逸) | 骄奢 | 淫逸 |
| alternative forms | alternative forms | 驕奢淫佚／骄奢淫佚 | 驕奢淫佚／骄奢淫佚 |

### Etymology

From Zuo Zhuan. Duke Zhuang I of Wey (w:zh:衛前莊公) had a favored son, Zhou Yu (w:zh:州吁), and did not restrain him. One of his officers was concerned (《左傳·隱公三年》):
    石碏諫曰：「臣聞愛子，教之以義方，弗納于邪。驕、奢、淫、泆，所自邪也。四者之來，寵祿過也。將立州籲，乃定之矣，若猶未也，階之為禍。…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]石碏谏曰：「臣闻爱子，教之以义方，弗纳于邪。骄、奢、淫、泆，所自邪也。四者之来，宠禄过也。将立州吁，乃定之矣，若犹未也，阶之为祸。…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's versionShí Què jiàn yuē: “Chén wén ài zǐ, jiào zhī yǐ yì fāng, fú nà yú xié. Jiāo, shē, yín, yì, suǒ zì xié yě. Sì zhě zhī lái, chǒng lù guò yě. Jiāng lì Zhōu Yù, nǎi dìng zhī yǐ, ruò yóu wèi yě, jiē zhī wéi huò....... [Pinyin]Shi Que remonstrated with the duke, saying, "Your servant has heard that, when you love a son, you should teach him righteous ways, and not help him on in the course of depravity. There are pride, extravagance, lewdness, and dissipation, by which one depraves himself; but these four vices come from over-indulgence and allowances. If you are going to make Zhou Yu your successor, settle him in that position; if you have not yet decided on such a step, you are paving the way for him to create disorder. …

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāoshēyínyì
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ ㄕㄜ ㄧㄣˊ ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): giu$^1$ ce$^1$ jam$^4$ jat$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāoshēyínyì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ ㄕㄜ ㄧㄣˊ ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiaosheyínyì
*** Wade–Giles: chiao$^1$-shê$^1$-yin$^2$-i$^4$
*** Yale: jyāu-shē-yín-yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiausheynyih
*** Palladius: цзяошэиньи (czjaošɛinʹi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵⁵ in³⁵ i⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: giu$^1$ ce$^1$ jam$^4$ jat$^6$
*** Yale: gīu chē yàhm yaht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: giu$^1$ tse$^1$ jam$^4$ jat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: giu$^1$ cé$^1$ yem$^4$ yed$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ jɐm²¹ jɐt̚²/

### Idiom

驕奢淫逸
* extravagant and dissipated; decadent
# 高烧
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 高烧 – see 高燒 (“high fever; high-grade fever”). (This term is the simplified form of 高燒).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 高悬
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 高悬 – see 高懸 (“to hang high; etc.”). (This term is the simplified form of 高懸).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 高懸
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gāoxuán
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ ㄒㄩㄢˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gāoxuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ ㄒㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gaosyuán
*** Wade–Giles: kao$^1$-hsüan$^2$
*** Yale: gāu-sywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaushyuan
*** Palladius: гаосюань (gaosjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛn³⁵/

### Verb

高懸
* (literally, figuratively) to hang high (in the air)
* (literary, figuratively) to be out of the ordinary; to be outstanding
# 领钱
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 领钱 – see 領錢 (“to receive money; to get money; to withdraw money”). (This term is the simplified form of 領錢).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 领跑员
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 领跑员 – see 領跑員 (“guide runner; etc.”). (This term is the simplified form of 領跑員).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 鹈

| 鹈 | U+9E48, &#40520; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E48 |
| ← 鹇 [U+9E47] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鹉 → [U+9E49] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鹈 (Kangxi radical 196, 鸟+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 金竹心卜一 (CHPYM), composition ⿰弟鸟)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1505, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4637, character 12
* Unihan data for U+9E48

## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 鹈 – see 鵜. (This character is the simplified form of 鵜).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 食蛀
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): jia$^6$ jiu$^3$
* Southern Min
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: jia$^6$ jiu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sia³³ t͡siu²¹/

### Verb

食蛀
* (Leizhou Min) to be eaten through by insects (of clothes, etc.)

#### See also

* 食蟲／食虫
# 食蜂鸟
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 食蜂鸟 – see 食蜂鳥 (“bee-eater”). (This term is the simplified form of 食蜂鳥).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 鬼牌
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guǐpái
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˇ ㄆㄞˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai$^2$ paai$^{4-2}$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guǐpái
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˇ ㄆㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guěipái
*** Wade–Giles: kuei$^3$-pʻai$^2$
*** Yale: gwěi-pái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goeipair
*** Palladius: гуйпай (gujpaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwai$^2$ paai$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: gwái páai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwai$^2$ paai$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guei$^2$ pai$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐi̯³⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

### Noun

鬼牌
* (playing cards) joker

#### Synonyms

* 皇牌
* 小丑牌
* 百搭牌
* (Hokkien) 鬼仔