# 霍

| 霍 | U+970D, &#38669; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-970D |
| ← 霌 [U+970C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 霎 → [U+970E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

霍 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一月人土 (MBOG), four-corner 1021$_4$, composition ⿱⻗隹)

#### Derived characters

* 嚯, 攉, 瀖, 㺢, 曤, 㰌, 㸌, 臛, 皬, 矐, 礭, 㱋, 鸖, 藿, 籗, 癨

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1375, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42321
* Dae Jaweon: page 1884, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4068, character 1
* Unihan data for U+970D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 靃 | *sqʰʷalʔ, *qʰʷaːɡ |
| 臛 | *qʰʷoːɡ |
| 籗 | *kʰʷaːɡ |
| 霍 | *qʰʷaːɡ |
| 藿 | *qʰʷaːɡ |
| 攉 | *qʰʷaːɡ |
| 矐 | *qʰʷaːɡ, *qʰaːɡ |
| 瀖 | *qʰʷaːɡ |
| 癨 | *qʰʷaːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 雨 (“rain”) + 隹 (“bird”)

### Etymology

Probably related to 曜 (OC *lewɢs, “to shine; daylight”); see there for more (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): huò (huo$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ho$^2$ / ho$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fok$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): foh$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): vok
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fog$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): hŏ̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): huók
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kag$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^7$hoq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ho$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huò
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huò
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^4$
*** Yale: hwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
*** Palladius: хо (xo)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ho$^2$ / ho$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xo / xo
*** Sinological IPA : /xo²¹/, /xo²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fok$^3$
*** Yale: fok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːk̚³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: foh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔʔ⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vok
*** Hakka Romanization System: vog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /vok̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /fɔk̚¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hŏ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /xɔ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huók
*** Sinological IPA : /huɔʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok
*** Tâi-lô: hok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khak
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰak̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^7$hoq
*** MiniDict: hoh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$hoq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hoʔ⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /hoʔ⁴³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ho$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /xo²⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit霍 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xuo²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /xuo²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /xuo¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /xuə²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /xuə⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /xuo²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /xuo²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /xu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /xuə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /xuə³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /xuɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /xuo²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /xo¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /xo²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /xo³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /xoʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /xɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xuaʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /xuʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /xuəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /hoʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /hoʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /hoʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ho²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /xɔʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /xo¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xo²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ho⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /fɔʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /fok̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fɔk̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʰɔk̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /fɔk̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hɔk̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /huɔʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xɔ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰak̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xɔk̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: xwak
Rime :
| Character | 霍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (104) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 虚郭切 |
| Baxter | xwak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hwɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hʷɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xuɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /xuɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /xuɑk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xwɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷaːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 霍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5608 |
| Phonetic component | 霍 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 霍 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰʷaːɡ/ |

### Definitions

霍
* quickly; suddenly
* (Wuhan Mandarin) lightning
* a surname
    霍去病 ― Huò Qùbìng ― Huo Qubing (Chinese military general in the Western Han dynasty)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 電, 霍閃 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 閃電 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 閃 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 閃電 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 閃 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 閃電 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 閃 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 閃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 閃, 忽閃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 霍閃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong (Ronghe) | 閃電 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 閃電 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 閃電 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 閃 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 火閃 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 閃 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 閃電 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 火閃, 閃, 閃電 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 霍 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 火閃, 閃 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 閃 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 閃, 閃電 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 閃 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 霍閃, 霍響 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 閃 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 閃電 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 閃電 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 天攝 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Chongkoumen, Nanlang; Tanka) | 天攝 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 天霎 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 閃電 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 天霎, 閃電 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 閃電 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 天霎 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 閃電 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 霍閃 |
| Gan | Pengze | 掣霍 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 劃閃焰 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 火蛇, 火蛇仔 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 𥍉爧 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Taoyuan) | 𥍉爧 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Gaobei) | 𥍉爧 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Tangkeng) | 𥍉爧 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Fengliang) | 火蛇 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Pantian) | 𥍉爧 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 火蛇 |
| Hakka | Zijin | 火蛇 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 火蛇子 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 𥍉電 |
| Hakka | Changting | 𥍉電 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 雷公刀子 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 火蛇子, 雷公刀子 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 雷焰刀 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 雷影, 雷火 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 焰火索 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 閃 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 閃光 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 打焰 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 火閃 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 𥍉爧 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 𥍉爧 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 𥍉爧 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 𥍉爧 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 𥍉爧 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 𥍉爧 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 火蛇𥍉 |
| Hakka | Lipu (Shuangduitun) | 火蛇 |
| Hakka | Lipu (Dashigu) | 閃電 |
| Hakka | Guidong | 雷火閃 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Huiyang) | 火蛇𥍉 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Huiyang) | 火蛇𥍉 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 𥍉電 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 火蛇𥍉 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 月扇 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 日閃, 熱扇 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 閃電 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 打閃閃 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 閃展 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 火線 |
| Huizhou | Chun'an (Qiandaohu) | 霍閃 |
| Huizhou | Chun'an (Jiangjia) | 霍閃 |
| Huizhou | Jiande (Meicheng) | 霍閃 |
| Huizhou | Jiande (Shouchang) | 霍閃 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 閃 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 閃 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Jiande | 霍線 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Jinhua | 霍閃 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 霍閃 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Tunxi | 火線 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 焰刀 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 火焰刀 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 亮線 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 亮線 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 㸎㸎 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 亮線 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 亮線 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 雷爍 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 雷爍 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 雷爍 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 雷爍 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 雷爍 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 爍爁 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 爍爁 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 䟙掣, 䟙爁, 䟙媽, 䟙光, 相爁電 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 䟙爁 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 雷婆 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 爍爁 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 搉爍爁 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 爍爁 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 閃電, 爍爁 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 閃電, 爍爁 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 爍爁 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 爍爁 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 閃電, 爍爁 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 爍爁 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 爍爁 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 爍爁 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 爍爁 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 爍爁 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 䟙爁, 䟙掣, 閃電 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 閃電 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 阿公睨目 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 阿公睨目 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 閃電 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 雷公睨目 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 焱爍 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 焱爍 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 雷公閃電 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 霍閃, 閃電 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 霍閃 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 霍閃 |
| Wu | Danyang | 霍閃 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 霍閃 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 霍閃 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 龍光閃, 龍山 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 爍龍, 爍電 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 火閃 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 火閃 |
| Wu | Yongkang | 霍閃 |
| Wu | Pujiang | 霍閃 |
| Wu | Dongyang | 火閃 |
| Wu | Pan'an | 霍閃 |
| Wu | Wuyi | 霍閃 |
| Wu | Lanxi | 霍閃 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 閃, 閃子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 霍閃, 上水 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 霍閃 |
| Xiang | Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) | 火閃, 閃 |

### Compounds

* 尹霍夫池
* 乾霍亂／干霍乱 (gānhuòluàn)
* 揮金霍玉／挥金霍玉
* 揮霍／挥霍 (huīhuò)
* 揮霍無度／挥霍无度 (huīhuòwúdù)
* 揮霍談笑／挥霍谈笑
* 漿酒霍肉／浆酒霍肉
* 磨刀霍霍
* 霍亂／霍乱 (huòluàn)
* 霍亂弧菌／霍乱弧菌 (huòluàn hújūn)
* 霍亂疫區／霍乱疫区
* 霍地
* 霍然 (huòrán)
* 霍索
* 霍綽／霍绰
* 霍繹／霍绎
* 霍里
* 霍閃／霍闪 (huòshǎn)
* 霍霍 (huòhuò)
* 霍霍眨眨

### References

* “霍”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かく (kaku)
* Kun: にわか (niwaka)

## Korean
### Hanja

霍 • (gwak) (hangeul 곽, revised gwak, McCune–Reischauer kwak, Yale kwak)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

霍: Hán Nôm readings: hoắc, quắc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.