OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

From 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂- (faur-) +‎ 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (sigljan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔrˈsiɡljan/, [fɔrˈsiɣljan]

### Verb

𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (faursigljan)
* to seal
** Matthew 27:66:
    𐌹𐌸 𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌿𐌺𐌿𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅, 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 […]iþ eis gaggandans galukun þata hlaiw, faursigljandans þana […]So they went, and made the sepulchre sure, sealing the [stone, and setting a watch]. (KJV)

#### Conjugation

Class 1 weak :
| Infinitive | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 faursigljan | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 faursigljan | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 faursigljan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰 faursiglja | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰 faursiglida | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 faursigljada |
| 2nd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 faursigleis | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 faursiglidēs | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 faursigljaza |
| 3rd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸 faursigleiþ | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰 faursiglida | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 faursigljada |
| 1st dual | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐍉𐍃 faursigljōs | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 faursiglidēdu | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 faursigljats | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 faursiglidēduts | — |
| 1st plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌼 faursigljam | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 faursiglidēdum | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 faursigljanda |
| 2nd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸 faursigleiþ | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 faursiglidēduþ | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 faursigljanda |
| 3rd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 faursigljand | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 faursiglidēdun | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 faursigljanda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌿 faursigljau | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 faursiglidēdjau | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 faursigljaidau |
| 2nd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 faursigljais | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 faursiglidēdeis | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 faursigljaizau |
| 3rd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹 faursigljai | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 faursiglidēdi | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 faursigljaidau |
| 1st dual | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 faursigljaiwa | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 faursiglidēdeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 faursigljaits | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 faursiglidēdeits | — |
| 1st plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 faursigljaima | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 faursiglidēdeima | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 faursigljaindau |
| 2nd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 faursigljaiþ | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 faursiglidēdeiþ | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 faursigljaindau |
| 3rd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 faursigljaina | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 faursiglidēdeina | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 faursigljaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌴𐌹 faursiglei | | |
| 3rd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 faursigljadau | | |
| 2nd dual | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 faursigljats | | |
| 2nd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸 faursigleiþ | | |
| 3rd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 faursigljandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 faursigljands | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌸𐍃 faursigliþs | |

### Further reading

* Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 119
# 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂- (faur-) +‎ 𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (rinnan)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔrˈrinnan/

### Verb

𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 • (faurrinnan)
* to precede, be a precursor to
** Skeireins IIIb:
    𐌽𐌹 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌸𐍃 𐌾𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉𐌼 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌼 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌼 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌿𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰, 𐌰𐌺 𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌴𐌻𐌾𐍉𐌽.ni þanaseiþs judaiwiskōm ufarranneinim jah sinteinōm daupeinim brukjan usdaudjaina, ak iōhannē hausjandans þamma faurrinnandin aiwaggēljōn.No longer should they endeavor to use the sprinklings and daily bathings of the Jews; but listening to John, the precursor in the Gospel.

#### Conjugation

Class 3 strong :
| Infinitive | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 faurrinnan | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 faurrinnan | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 faurrinnan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰 faurrinna | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽 faurrann | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰 faurrinnada |
| 2nd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐍃 faurrinnis | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐍄 faurrannt | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌶𐌰 faurrinnaza |
| 3rd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸 faurrinniþ | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽 faurrann | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰 faurrinnada |
| 1st dual | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐍉𐍃 faurrinnōs | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿 faurrunnu | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍃 faurrinnats | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐍄𐍃 faurrunnuts | — |
| 1st plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌼 faurrinnam | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼 faurrunnum | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 faurrinnanda |
| 2nd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸 faurrinniþ | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌸 faurrunnuþ | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 faurrinnanda |
| 3rd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳 faurrinnand | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌽 faurrunnun | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 faurrinnanda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌿 faurrinnau | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿 faurrunnjau | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 faurrinnaidau |
| 2nd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃 faurrinnais | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 faurrunneis | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 faurrinnaizau |
| 3rd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹 faurrinnai | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌹 faurrunni | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 faurrinnaidau |
| 1st dual | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 faurrinnaiwa | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 faurrunneiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 faurrinnaits | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 faurrunneits | — |
| 1st plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 faurrinnaima | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 faurrunneima | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 faurrinnaindau |
| 2nd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌸 faurrinnaiþ | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 faurrunneiþ | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 faurrinnaindau |
| 3rd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 faurrinnaina | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 faurrunneina | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 faurrinnaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽 faurrinn | | |
| 3rd singular | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 faurrinnadau | | |
| 2nd dual | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍃 faurrinnats | | |
| 2nd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸 faurrinniþ | | |
| 3rd plural | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 faurrinnandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 faurrinnands | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐍃 faurrunnans | |

### Further reading

* Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 111
# 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃
## Gothic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔrˈrinnands/

### Participle

𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 • (faurrinnands)
* present participle of 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (faurrinnan)

#### Declension

An/īn-stem, strong in m. nom. sg. :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃, 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 faurrinnands, faurrinnanda | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 faurrinnandei | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉 faurrinnandō |
| Accusative | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 faurrinnandan | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 faurrinnandein | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉 faurrinnandō |
| Genitive | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 faurrinnandins | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 faurrinnandeins | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 faurrinnandins |
| Dative | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 faurrinnandin | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 faurrinnandein | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 faurrinnandin |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 faurrinnandans | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 faurrinnandeins | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 faurrinnandōna |
| Accusative | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 faurrinnandans | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 faurrinnandeins | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 faurrinnandōna |
| Genitive | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 faurrinnandanē | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉 faurrinnandeinō | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 faurrinnandanē |
| Dative | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 faurrinnandam | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼 faurrinnandeim | 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 faurrinnandam |
# 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼
## Gothic
### Participle

𐌵𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 • (qainōndam)
* dative plural masculine of 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (qainōnds)
* dative plural neuter of 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (qainōnds)
# 𐌵𐌰𐌸𐌿𐌷
## Gothic
### Contraction

𐌵𐌰𐌸𐌿𐌷 • (qaþuh)
* Contraction of 𐌵𐌰𐌸 + -𐌿𐌷 (qaþ + -uh).
# 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

From 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂- (ufar-) +‎ *𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (*leiþan).

### Verb

𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 • (ufarleiþan) (perfective)
* (hapax) to go across, pass over

#### Conjugation

Class 1 strong :
| Infinitive | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 ufarleiþan | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 ufarleiþan | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 ufarleiþan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰 ufarleiþa | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌸 ufarlaiþ | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌳𐌰 ufarleiþada |
| 2nd singular | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌹𐍃 ufarleiþis | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄 ufarlaist | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌶𐌰 ufarleiþaza |
| 3rd singular | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸 ufarleiþiþ | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌸 ufarlaiþ | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌳𐌰 ufarleiþada |
| 1st dual | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐍉𐍃 ufarleiþōs | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌿 ufarliþu | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐍄𐍃 ufarleiþats | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍄𐍃 ufarliþuts | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌼 ufarleiþam | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌿𐌼 ufarliþum | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ufarleiþanda |
| 2nd plural | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸 ufarleiþiþ | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌿𐌸 ufarliþuþ | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ufarleiþanda |
| 3rd plural | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳 ufarleiþand | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌿𐌽 ufarliþun | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ufarleiþanda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌿 ufarleiþau | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌿 ufarliþjau | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 ufarleiþaidau |
| 2nd singular | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍃 ufarleiþais | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 ufarliþeis | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 ufarleiþaizau |
| 3rd singular | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹 ufarleiþai | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌹 ufarliþi | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 ufarleiþaidau |
| 1st dual | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 ufarleiþaiwa | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 ufarliþeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 ufarleiþaits | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 ufarliþeits | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 ufarleiþaima | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 ufarliþeima | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ufarleiþaindau |
| 2nd plural | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌸 ufarleiþaiþ | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸 ufarliþeiþ | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ufarleiþaindau |
| 3rd plural | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 ufarleiþaina | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 ufarliþeina | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ufarleiþaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸 ufarleiþ | | |
| 3rd singular | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 ufarleiþadau | | |
| 2nd dual | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐍄𐍃 ufarleiþats | | |
| 2nd plural | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸 ufarleiþiþ | | |
| 3rd plural | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ufarleiþandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 ufarleiþands | 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 ufarliþans | |
# 𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌹
## Gothic
### Verb

𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌹 • (þagkjai)
* third-person singular present active subjunctive of 𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þagkjan)
# 𐌷𐍉𐍂𐍃
## Gothic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hōraz (“adulterer”).

### Noun

𐌷𐍉𐍂𐍃 • (hōrs) m
* adulterer, fornicator, whoremonger

#### Declension

Masculine a-stem :
| | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | 𐌷𐍉𐍂𐍃 hōrs | 𐌷𐍉𐍂𐍉𐍃 hōrōs |
| Vocative | 𐌷𐍉𐍂 hōr | 𐌷𐍉𐍂𐍉𐍃 hōrōs |
| Accusative | 𐌷𐍉𐍂 hōr | 𐌷𐍉𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍃 hōrans |
| Genitive | 𐌷𐍉𐍂𐌹𐍃 hōris | 𐌷𐍉𐍂𐌴 hōrē |
| Dative | 𐌷𐍉𐍂𐌰 hōra | 𐌷𐍉𐍂𐌰𐌼 hōram |

#### Derived terms

* 𐌷𐍉𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍃𐍃𐌿𐍃 (hōrinassus, “adultery”)

#### Descendants

* → Albanian: horr
* → Albanian: horrë
# 𐎐𐎔𐎍
## Ugaritic
### Verb

𐎐𐎔𐎍 • (npl)
* to fall, fall down
# 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *rōdijaną.

### Verb

𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (rōdjan)
* to speak, talk
* to preach
** 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐌼 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳. ― rōdida im waurd. ― He preached to them the word.

#### Conjugation

A variant form 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳 (rōdeid) is attested.
Class 1 weak :
| Infinitive | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 rōdjan | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 rōdjan | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 rōdjan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰 rōdja | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 rōdida | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 rōdjada |
| 2nd singular | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 rōdeis | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 rōdidēs | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 rōdjaza |
| 3rd singular | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 rōdeiþ | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 rōdida | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 rōdjada |
| 1st dual | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 rōdjōs | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 rōdidēdu | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 rōdjats | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 rōdidēduts | — |
| 1st plural | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼 rōdjam | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 rōdidēdum | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 rōdjanda |
| 2nd plural | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 rōdeiþ | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 rōdidēduþ | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 rōdjanda |
| 3rd plural | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 rōdjand | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 rōdidēdun | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 rōdjanda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 rōdjau | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 rōdidēdjau | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 rōdjaidau |
| 2nd singular | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 rōdjais | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 rōdidēdeis | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 rōdjaizau |
| 3rd singular | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹 rōdjai | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 rōdidēdi | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 rōdjaidau |
| 1st dual | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 rōdjaiwa | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 rōdidēdeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 rōdjaits | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 rōdidēdeits | — |
| 1st plural | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 rōdjaima | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 rōdidēdeima | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 rōdjaindau |
| 2nd plural | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 rōdjaiþ | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 rōdidēdeiþ | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 rōdjaindau |
| 3rd plural | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 rōdjaina | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 rōdidēdeina | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 rōdjaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹 rōdei | | |
| 3rd singular | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 rōdjadau | | |
| 2nd dual | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 rōdjats | | |
| 2nd plural | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 rōdeiþ | | |
| 3rd plural | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 rōdjandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 rōdjands | 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌸𐍃 rōdiþs | |

#### Derived terms

* 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (birōdjan)
* 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (miþrōdjan)
* 𐌿𐌽𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (unrōdjands)
# 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌹
## Gothic
### Etymology

From 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐍃 (liuts) +‎ -𐌴𐌹 (-ei).

### Noun

𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌹 • (liutei) f
* deceit, dishonesty

#### Declension

Feminine īn-stem :
| | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌹 liutei | 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 liuteins |
| Vocative | 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌹 liutei | 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 liuteins |
| Accusative | 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽 liutein | 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 liuteins |
| Genitive | 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 liuteins | 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉 liuteinō |
| Dative | 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽 liutein | 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌼 liuteim |
# 𐰚𐰇𐰼
## Old Turkic
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kör- (“to see, look”). Cognate with Chuvash курма (kurma), Turkish gör- (“to see”), Uzbek koʻrmoq, Bashkir күреү (kürew), Yakut көр (kör).

### Verb

𐰚𐰇𐰼 (kör-)
* (transitive) to see; to look at
** 9th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 21
    𐰇𐰓𐰢𐰭:𐰚𐰇𐰼𐰢𐰭:𐰇𐰼𐰚𐱅𐱅𐰭:𐱅𐰃𐰼ödmeŋ:körmeŋ:ürk(m)eŋ:tér'Don't get excited, don't look at it (and) don't frighten it!', it says.
* (auxiliary verb) Forms verbs with the sense of being ordered to do them
** 8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IN2
    𐰉𐰆𐰭𐰑𐰯:𐰴𐰍𐰣:𐰘𐰠𐰇:𐰜𐰼:𐱅𐰢𐰾buŋadïp:qaɣan:yelü:kör:témišHaving become utterly bored, the khagan said: 'Ride fast!'

#### Alternative forms

* 𐰜𐰼 (kör-)
* 𐰛𐰈𐰼 (kör-) (Irk Bitig)

#### Derived terms

* 𐰚𐰇𐰼𐰏 (körüg, “scout”)
* 𐰛𐰈𐰼𐰈𐰾 (körüš-, “to meet”)
* 𐰛𐰈𐰼𐰝𐰠𐰈𐰏 (körüklüg, “having a wide view”)

#### Related terms

* 𐰚𐰇𐰕 (köz, “eye”)

### References

* Tekin, Talât (1968) “kör-”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 352
* Tekin, Talât (1993) “kör-”, in Irk Bitig: The Book of Omens, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 58
* Abuseitova, M. Kh, Bukhatuly, B., editors (2008), “𐰚𐰇𐰼”, in TÜRIK BITIG, Language Committee of Ministry of Culture and Information of Republic of Kazakhstan
* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kör-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 736
* Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*göŕ (*gör-s) / *gör-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
# 𐔱𐔴𐔸𐕚𐔰𐔼𐔳𐔰
## Aghwan
### Etymology

Probably from Ancient Greek Βηθσαϊδά (Bēthsaïdá)

### Proper noun

𐔱𐔴𐔸𐕚𐔰𐔼𐔳𐔰 (betsaida)
* (biblical) Bethsaida of Galilee

### Further reading

* Gippert J., Schulze W., Aleksidze Z., Mahé J.-P., editors (2009), The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mount Sinai (Monumenta Palaeographica Medii Aevi: Series Ibero-Caucasica; 2), volume 1, Turnhout: Brepols, →ISBN, page III-14
# 𐔱𐔴𐔲𐔱𐔴𐔲
## Aghwan
### Etymology

Reduplication of *𐔱𐔴𐔲 (*beg, “big”), but base is unattested. Comparable word formation to Old Armenian մեծամեծ (mecamec, “very great”).

### Adjective

𐔱𐔴𐔲𐔱𐔴𐔲 (begbeg)
* very big, large

### Further reading

* Gippert, Jost (2018) “When person overcomes class. The case of Caucasian Albanian”, in Eugen Hill, Martin Kümmel, Stefan Schumacher, editors, International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction‎, volume 15, München: Verlag Anja Urbanek, pages 25-43
# 𐔱𐔴𐕊𐔴𐕒𐕡𐕎
## Aghwan
### Etymology

Possibly from *𐔱𐔴𐕊𐔴 (*beč̣e) +‎ -𐕒𐕡𐕎 (-un, state formation suffix)

### Noun

𐔱𐔴𐕊𐔴𐕒𐕡𐕎 (beč̣eun)
* cave
    𐔸𐕒𐔲𐕎𐕒𐕡𐔸𐕆𐔰𐕎𐔰𐔺𐕈̃𐔺𐕄𐔴 𐔰𐔺𐔵 𐕄𐔽𐔰𐔱𐔰𐕎𐔰 𐔰𐕇𐔰𐔺𐕜𐕒𐕡𐔿𐔼𐕈̃𐕙 𐔱𐕒𐕡𐕙𐕒𐕡𐕘𐕒𐕇 𐕒𐕡𐕎 𐕐𐔰𐕎𐕙𐕒 𐕒𐕡𐕎 𐔱𐔴𐕊𐔴𐕒𐕡𐕎𐕒𐕡𐕘𐕒 𐔰𐕝𐔰𐔾𐕒𐕡𐕎tognuthanayå̃yḳe ayz ḳˁabana ax̣ayṭun'iå̃r buruġox̣ un šanro un beč̣eunuġo aśalun(They) of whom the world was not worthy, staying in the desert, in mountains and in dens and caves of the earth.

#### Synonyms

* (den): 𐕐𐔰𐕎 (šan)

### Further reading

* Gippert J., Schulze W., Aleksidze Z., Mahé J.-P., editors (2009), The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mount Sinai (Monumenta Palaeographica Medii Aevi: Series Ibero-Caucasica; 2), volume 1, Turnhout: Brepols, →ISBN, page II-21
# 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍅𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃
## Gothic
### Verb

𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍅𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 • (weitwōdidēs)
* second-person singular past active indicative of 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍅𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (weitwōdjan)
# 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀬
## Prakrit
### Noun

𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀬 (maragaya) m or n (Devanagari मरगय, Gujarati મરગય, Kannada ಮರಗಯ) (Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī)
* hiatus-filler form of 𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅 (maragaa, “emerald”)

### References

* Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 149
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “marakata”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# 𐕚𐔰𐕌𐕒𐔴𐔾
## Aghwan
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Σαμουήλ (Samouḗl).

### Proper noun

𐕚𐔰𐕌𐕒𐔴𐔾 (samoel)
* Samuel, Biblical person
** Bible Hebrews.11,32:𐕎𐕒𐕡𐔸𐔰𐕎𐔰𐕄𐔴 𐕗𐕒𐕡 𐔴 𐕗𐔽𐔼 𐔱𐔼𐕠𐕀𐔴𐕚𐔰 𐔲𐔴𐔳𐔴𐕒𐕎𐔼 𐔲𐕈𐔴𐕎 𐕒𐕡𐕎 𐔱𐔰𐕙𐔰𐕣𐔼 : 𐕚𐔰𐕌𐕢𐕚𐕒𐕎𐔼 : 𐔺𐔴𐕢𐔸𐔰𐔼 : 𐔳̃𐔸𐔼 : 𐕚𐔰𐕌𐕒𐔴𐔾𐔼 𐕒𐕡𐕎 𐔴𐔿𐔴𐔲 𐕌𐔰𐕙𐕘𐔰𐕛𐔴𐕎𐕒𐕡𐕘𐕒𐔺nutanaḳe ṗu e ṗˁi bicxesa gedeoni gåen un baraki : sampsoni : yeptai : d̃ti : samoeli un en'eg marġavenuġoyFor the time is not enough to talk about Gedeon and Barak, Samson, Jephthah, David, Samuel and the other prophets.

### Further reading

* Gippert J., Schulze W., Aleksidze Z., Mahé J.-P., editors (2009), The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mount Sinai (Monumenta Palaeographica Medii Aevi: Series Ibero-Caucasica; 2), volume 1, Turnhout: Brepols, →ISBN, page III-43
# 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹
## Gothic
### Verb

𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹 • (stilai)
* third-person singular present active subjunctive of 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽 (stilan)
# 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁
## Ashokan Prakrit
### Verb

𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 (husaṃ)
* first-person singular aorist of 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti): have been, had been
** c. 258 BCE, Aśoka, Minor Rock Edict 1 Brahmagiri.3:𑀦𑁄 𑀢𑀼 𑀔𑁄 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀓𑀁𑀢𑁂 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 𑀏𑀓𑀁 𑀲𑀯𑀙𑀭𑀁no tu kho bāḍhaṃ prakaṃte husaṃ ekaṃ savacharaṃ1925 translation by Eugen HultzschBut indeed I had not been very zealous for one year.

#### Alternative forms

Attested at Brahmagiri, Nittur, Panguraria, Rajula-Mandagiri, Siddapura, Udegolam and Yerragudi.
Dialectal forms of 𑀪𑀯𑀢𑀺 (“be”) :
| Variety | Location | Lemmas | Forms |
| Central | Kalsi | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | |
| Central | Delhi-Topra | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | |
| Central | Rupnath | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀼 3pl.aor (husu), 𑀲𑀺𑀬𑀸 3sg.potn (siyā) |
| Central | Sahasram | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀼 3sg.imp (hotu) |
| Central | Gujarra | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀼 3sg.imp (hotu) |
| Central | Panguraria | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 1sg.aor (husaṃ), 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀼 3pl.aor (husu), 𑀳𑁄𑀲𑀺𑀢𑀺 3sg.fut (hositi) |
| Central | Bahapur | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | $^?$𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 3sg.pres (hoti) |
| Central | Ahraura | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀽 3sg.imp (hotū) |
| East | Dhauli | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | |
| East | Jaugada | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | |
| Northwest | Shahbazgarhi | 𐨧𐨆𐨟𐨁 (bhoti) | |
| Northwest | Mansehra | 𐨧𐨆𐨟𐨁 (bhoti), 𐨱𐨆𐨟𐨁 (hoti) | |
| West | Girnar | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti), 𑀪𑀯𑀢𑀺 (bhavati) | |
| South | Yerragudi | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 1sg.aor (husaṃ), 𑀳𑁄𑀢 3sg.pres (hota), 𑀲𑀺𑀬𑀸 3sg.potn (siyā) |
| South | Siddapura | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 1sg.aor (husaṃ), $^?$𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 3sg.pres (hoti) |
| South | Brahmagiri | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 1sg.aor (husaṃ) |
| South | Rajula-Mandagiri | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 1sg.aor (husaṃ), 𑀳𑁄𑀢 3sg.pres (hota), $^?$𑀲𑀺𑀬𑀸 3sg.potn (siyā) |
| South | Udegolam | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | $^?$𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 1sg.aor (husaṃ), 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 3sg.pres (hoti), 𑀳𑀼𑀯𑁂𑀬𑀸 3sg.potn (huveyā) |
| South | Nittur | 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) | 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 1sg.aor (husaṃ), 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 3sg.pres (hoti), 𑀳𑀼𑀯𑁂𑀬𑀸 3sg.potn (huveyā) |
Map of dialectal forms of 𑀪𑀯𑀢𑀺 (“be”) :
* 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti) (29) 𐨧𐨆𐨟𐨁 (bhoti) (2) 𑀪𑀯𑀢𑀺 (bhavati) (1) 𐨱𐨆𐨟𐨁 (hoti) (1)
# 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀡
## Prakrit
### Etymology

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀁𑀦 (hiraṃna).

### Noun

𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀡 (hiraṇṇa) n (Devanagari हिरण्ण, Gujarati હિરણ્ણ, Kannada ಹಿರಣ್ಣ) (Ardhamāgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī)
* gold
** Uvāsagadasāo, lecture 7, line 182 :𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀡𑀁 𑀲𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀮𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀆𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀺𑀬𑁄𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀕𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀡-𑀓𑁄𑀟𑀻 𑀦𑀺𑀳𑀸𑀡-𑀧𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸, 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀺-𑀧𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸, 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 𑀧𑀯𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀭-𑀧𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸, 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 𑀯𑀏 𑀤𑀲-𑀕𑁄-𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺𑀏𑀡𑀁 𑀯𑀏𑀡𑀁tassa ṇaṃ saddālaputtassa ājīviyovāsagassa ĕkkā hiraṇṇa-koḍī nihāṇa-paüttā, ĕkkā vaḍḍhi-paüttā, ĕkkā pavitthara-paüttā, ĕkke vae dasa-go-sāhassieṇaṃ vaeṇaṃThat Saddālaputta, the follower of the Ājīviyas, had one kroṛ of gold placed in deposit, one kroṛ put out at interest, one kroṛ invested in estate, and one herd with ten thousand head of cattle.

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Rudolf Hoernlé (1890) The Uvāsagadasāo‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, page 106
* ↑ Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 150.

### Further reading

* Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 198
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “hiraṇṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
# 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌽𐌰𐌹
## Gothic
### Verb

𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌽𐌰𐌹 • (fraqistnai)
* third-person singular present active subjunctive of 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌽𐌰𐌽 (fraqistnan)
# 𐰭

| 𐰭 | U+10C2D, &#68653; OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ENG |
| ← 𐰬 [U+10C2C] | Old Turkic | 𐰮 → [U+10C2E] |

## Old Turkic
### Etymology 1
#### Letter

𐰭 (ŋ)
* A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ŋ/.

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *eŋ (“superlative suffix”). Cognate with Turkish en.

#### Adverb

𐰭 (eŋ)
* Marks a superlative degree (-est).
** 8th century CE, Kültegin Inscriptions, E32
    𐰭:𐰠𐰚𐰃:𐱃𐰑𐰴𐰣:𐰲𐰆𐰺𐰭:𐰉𐰆𐰔:𐱃𐰍:𐰋𐰃𐰤𐰯:𐱅𐰏𐰓𐰃eŋ:ilki:tadïqïn:čorïŋ:boz:atïɣ:binip:tegdiVery first, he mounted Tadıq Chor's gray horse and attacked.

#### References

* Tekin, Talât (1968) “aŋ”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, pages 302-303
* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “eŋ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 166

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *aŋ (“wild game”).

#### Noun

𐰭 (eŋ)
* wild game, wild animals hunted for food
** 9th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 31
    𐰉𐰺𐰽:𐰚𐰃𐰘𐰃𐰚:𐰭𐰚𐰀:𐰢𐰭𐰚𐰀:𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾bars:kéyik:eŋke:meŋke:barmïšA tiger went to look for game and prey.

#### References

* Tekin, Talât (1993) “äŋ”, in Irk Bitig: The Book of Omens, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 54
* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “eŋ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 166
* Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Ăŋ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

### Etymology 4

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-iŋ. Cognate with Turkish -in

#### Suffix

𐰭 (-iŋ, -ïŋ, -üŋ, -uŋ, -ŋ)
* second person singular possessive suffix
    ‎𐰆𐰍𐰞 (oɣul, “child”) + ‎𐰭 (ŋ) → ‎𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰭 (oɣluŋ, “your child”)
* second person singular suffix for certain verb tenses
    ‎-𐰇𐰠 (öl-, “to die”) + ‎𐰭 (ŋ) → ‎𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰭 (öltüŋ, “you died”)

##### Alternative forms

* 𐰏- (-ig, -üg, -g) (Orkhon Turkic)
* 𐰍- (-ïɣ, -uɣ, -ɣ) (Orkhon Turkic)

##### Related terms

* 𐰢 (-im, “1. first person singular possessive suffix 2. first person singular suffix for verbs”)
* 𐰢𐰔 (-imiz, “1. first person plural possessive suffix 2. first person plural suffix for verbs”)
* 𐰭𐰔 (-iŋiz, “1. second person plural possessive suffix 2. second person plural suffix for verbs”)
* 𐰾𐰃 (-si, “third person possessive suffix”)

#### References

* Tekin, Talât (1968) A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 189

### Etymology 5

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-iŋ. Cognate with Turkish -in

#### Suffix

𐰭 (-iŋ, -ïŋ, -ŋ)
* Suffix forming second person plural imperative
    ‎𐰋𐰃𐰠 (bil-, “to know”) + ‎𐰭 (ŋ) → ‎𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰭 (biliŋ, “you must know!”)

##### Related terms

* 𐰘𐰤 (-eyin, “first person singular imperative suffix”)
* 𐰏𐰠 (-gil, “second person singular imperative suffix”)
* 𐰠𐰢 (-elim, “first person plural imperative suffix”)
* 𐰕𐰈𐰤 (-zün, “third person imperative suffix”)

#### References

* Tekin, Talât (1968) A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 187
# 𑢾𑣃𑣌𑣃𑣌𑣂
## Ho
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sʊ.mʊ.kiː/

### Noun

𑢾𑣃𑣌𑣃𑣌𑣂 (sumuki)
* abundance.
# 𑢾𑣃𑣓𑣃𑣕𑣃𑣝
## Ho
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sʊ.nʊ.t̪uː/

### Adjective

𑢾𑣃𑣓𑣃𑣕𑣃𑣝 (sunutu:)
* next younger brother or sister.
# 𐕌𐔰𐔾𐔰𐕛𐔴𐔾
## Aghwan
### Etymology

From 𐕌𐔰𐔾 (mal, “little”) +‎ 𐔰𐕛𐔴𐔾 (avel, “much”). Compare Old Armenian փոքր ի շատէ (pʻokʻr i šatē, “somewhat, partly”) for a similar formation.

### Adverb

𐕌𐔰𐔾𐔰𐕛𐔴𐔾 (malavel)
* fragmentarily
    𐔼 𐕆𐕞𐕡𐕄𐔼𐕎𐔱𐔰𐕍𐔰𐔵 𐕌𐔰𐔾𐔰𐕛𐔴𐔾i hüwḳinbaq̇az malavelNow I understand fragmentarily.

### Further reading

* Gippert J., Schulze W., Aleksidze Z., Mahé J.-P., editors (2009), The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mount Sinai (Monumenta Palaeographica Medii Aevi: Series Ibero-Caucasica; 2), volume 1, Turnhout: Brepols, →ISBN, page II-30