# 鞠

| 鞠 | U+97A0, &#38816; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-97A0 |
| ← 鞟 [U+979F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鞡 → [U+97A1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鞠 (Kangxi radical 177, 革+8, 17 strokes, cangjie input 廿十心火木 (TJPFD), four-corner 4752$_0$, composition ⿰革匊)

#### Derived characters

* 驧, 巈, 蘜, 𥷥, 𠮑, 𡖁

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1389, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42892
* Dae Jaweon: page 1903, character 31
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4340, character 1
* Unihan data for U+97A0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鞠 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 菊 | *kuɡ |
| 鞠 | *kuɡ, *kʰuɡ, *ɡuɡ |
| 掬 | *kluɡ |
| 匊 | *kluɡ |
| 鵴 | *kuɡ, *ɡuɡ |
| 椈 | *kuɡ |
| 諊 | *kuɡ |
| 踘 | *kuɡ, *ɡuɡ |
| 趜 | *kuɡ, *ɡuɡ |
| 蘜 | *kuɡ |
| 鞫 | *kuɡ |
| 巈 | *kuɡ |
| 麴 | *kʰuɡ |
| 毱 | *ɡuɡ |
| 驧 | *ɡuɡ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jū, jú
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ, ㄐㄩˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): guk$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jiuh$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiuk
* Northern Min (KCR): kṳ̆
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giog$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jū
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyu
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^1$
*** Yale: jyū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiu
*** Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jú
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyú
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^2$
*** Yale: jyú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyu
*** Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: guk$^1$
*** Yale: gūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: guk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊk̚⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jiuh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiuʔ⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uk̚²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰy²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiok
*** Tâi-lô: kiok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: giog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiok
*** Sinological IPA : /kiok̚²/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit鞠 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕy²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕy²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕy²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕy¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕy³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕiu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕiu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕyʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕyəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕyʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕyəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡ɕioʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕɤu²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕiuʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕiu⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕy²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕy²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕiuʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰiuk̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kʰiuk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kok̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kuk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kuk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kiɔk̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /køyʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰy²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kiok̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /kok̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: kjuwk, khjuwk, gjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 鞠 | 鞠 | 鞠 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 溪 (29) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) | 屋 (4) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 居六切 | 驅匊切 | 渠竹切 |
| Baxter | kjuwk | khjuwk | gjuwk |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨuk̚/ | /kʰɨuk̚/ | /ɡɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiuk̚/ | /kʰiuk̚/ | /ɡiuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiuk̚/ | /kʰiuk̚/ | /ɡiuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kuwk̚/ | /kʰuwk̚/ | /guwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kiuk̚/ | /kʰiuk̚/ | /ɡiuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭuk̚/ | /kʰĭuk̚/ | /ɡĭuk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯uk̚/ | /kʰi̯uk̚/ | /gi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ju | qu | jú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | guk$^1$ | huk$^1$ | guk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kuɡ/, /*kʰuɡ/, /*ɡuɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鞠 | 鞠 | 鞠 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 7006 | 7018 | 7021 |
| Phonetic component | 匊 | 匊 | 匊 |
| Rime group | 覺 | 覺 | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 菊 | 麴 | 驧 |
| Old Chinese | /*kuɡ/ | /*kʰuɡ/ | /*ɡuɡ/ |
| Notes | | | 後世變毬 |

### Definitions

鞠
* (historical) leather ball used in games
* to bend; to curve
* to bow
* bow
* to rear; to raise; to nourish
* young; childish
* to warn; to admonish
* Alternative form of 鞫 (jū, “to interrogate; to exhaust”)
* Alternative form of 菊 (jú, “chrysanthemum”)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 三鞠躬
* 乞鞠
* 撫摩鞠育／抚摩鞠育
* 擊鞠／击鞠
* 盡瘁鞠躬／尽瘁鞠躬
* 踢鞠
* 蹋鞠
* 蹴鞠 (cùjū)
* 陳師鞠旅／陈师鞠旅
* 雞鞠／鸡鞠
* 鞠場／鞠场
* 鞠子
* 鞠旅
* 鞠育
* 鞠躬 (jūgōng)
* 鞠躬盡瘁／鞠躬尽瘁 (jūgōngjìncuì)
* 鞠部
* 鞠部頭／鞠部头
* 鞠養／鞠养 (jūyǎng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* ball

#### Readings

* Go-on: きく (kiku)、ぎく (giku)
* Kan-on: きく (kiku)
* Kun: まり (mari, 鞠)

## Korean
### Hanja

鞠 • (guk) (hangeul 국, revised guk, McCune–Reischauer kuk, Yale kwuk)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鞠: Hán Nôm readings: cúc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.