# 謁見
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yèjiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jit$^3$ gin$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iat-kiàn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yèjiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yèjiàn
*** Wade–Giles: yeh$^4$-chien$^4$
*** Yale: yè-jyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yehjiann
*** Palladius: ецзянь (jeczjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jit$^3$ gin$^3$
*** Yale: yit gin
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jit$^8$ gin$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yid$^3$ gin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːt̚³ kiːn³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iat-kiàn
*** Tâi-lô: iat-kiàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iatkiexn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kiɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kiɛn²¹/
* Middle Chinese: 'jot kenH
Rime :
| Character | 謁 | 見 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 月 (67) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 於歇切 | 古電切 |
| Baxter | 'jot | kenH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨɐt̚/ | /ken$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiɐt̚/ | /ken$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiɐt̚/ | /kɛn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɨat̚/ | /kɛn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiɐt̚/ | /ken$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭɐt̚/ | /kien$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔɨ̯ɐt̚/ | /kien$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ye | jiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jit$^3$ | gin$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qat [k]ˤen-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qad keːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 謁 | 見 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yè | jiàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ 'jot › | ‹ ken$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*qat/ | /*[k]ˁen-s/ |
| English | go to visit | see (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 謁 | 見 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 5067 | 6192 |
| Phonetic component | 曷 | 見 |
| Rime group | 月 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 謁 | 見 |
| Old Chinese | /*qad/ | /*keːns/ |

### Verb

謁見
* (literary) to call on a superior or a senior in the clan hierarchy; to have an audience with

#### Synonyms

* 參見／参见 (cānjiàn) (literary)
* 拜會／拜会 (bàihuì) (honorific, chiefly in diplomatic contexts)
* 拜見／拜见 (bàijiàn) (honorific)
* 拜謁／拜谒 (bàiyè) (honorific, literary)
* 進見／进见 (jìnjiàn)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 謁見(えっけん) (ekken)
* → Korean: 알현(謁見) (alhyeon)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 謁 | 見 |
| えつ > えっ Grade: S | けん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 謁見 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えっけん [èkkéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [e̞k̚kẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

謁(えっ)見(けん) • (ekken)
* visiting/having an audience with a superior, especially nobility

### Verb

謁(えっ)見(けん)する • (ekken suru) suru (stem 謁(えっ)見(けん)し (ekken shi), past 謁(えっ)見(けん)した (ekken shita))
* to visit/have an audience with a superior, especially nobility

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 謁見し | えっけんし | ekken shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 謁見し | えっけんし | ekken shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 謁見する | えっけんする | ekken suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 謁見する | えっけんする | ekken suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 謁見すれ | えっけんすれ | ekken sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 謁見せよ¹ 謁見しろ² | えっけんせよ¹ えっけんしろ² | ekken seyo¹ ekken shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 謁見される | えっけんされる | ekken sareru |
| Causative | 謁見させる 謁見さす | えっけんさせる えっけんさす | ekken saseru ekken sasu |
| Potential | 謁見できる | えっけんできる | ekken dekiru |
| Volitional | 謁見しよう | えっけんしよう | ekken shiyō |
| Negative | 謁見しない | えっけんしない | ekken shinai |
| Negative continuative | 謁見せず | えっけんせず | ekken sezu |
| Formal | 謁見します | えっけんします | ekken shimasu |
| Perfective | 謁見した | えっけんした | ekken shita |
| Conjunctive | 謁見して | えっけんして | ekken shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 謁見すれば | えっけんすれば | ekken sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 謁 | 見 |

### Noun

謁見 • (alhyeon) (hangeul 알현)
* hanja form of 알현 (“audience with a superior, especially nobility”)