# 突然間
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tūránjiān, túránjiān
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨ ㄖㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄢ, ㄊㄨˊ ㄖㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dat$^6$ jin$^4$ gaan$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thut-yèn-kiên / thut-yàn-kiân
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tu̍t-jiân-kan / tu̍t-liân-kan / thu̍t-jiân-kan / thu̍t-liân-kan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tūránjiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨ ㄖㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: turánjian
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^1$-jan$^2$-chien$^1$
*** Yale: tū-rán-jyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: turanjian
*** Palladius: тужаньцзянь (tužanʹczjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: túránjiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ ㄖㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: túránjian
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^2$-jan$^2$-chien$^1$
*** Yale: tú-rán-jyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twuranjian
*** Palladius: тужаньцзянь (tužanʹczjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu³⁵ ʐän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dat$^6$ jin$^4$ gaan$^1$
*** Yale: daht yìhn gāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dat$^9$ jin$^4$ gaan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ded$^6$ yin$^4$ gan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐt̚² jiːn²¹ kaːn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thut-yèn-kiên
*** Hakka Romanization System: tud$^ˋ$ ien$^ˇ$ gien$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tud$^5$ yan$^2$ gian$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰut̚² i̯en¹¹ ki̯en²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thut-yàn-kiân
*** Hakka Romanization System: tud$^ˋ$ (r)ian$^ˇ$ gian$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tud$^5$ yan$^2$ gian$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰut̚² (j)i̯an¹¹ ki̯an²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t-jiân-kan
*** Tâi-lô: tu̍t-jiân-kan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dudjienkafn
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tut̚⁴⁻³² ziɛn²³⁻³³ kan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡ziɛn¹³⁻²² kan⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t-liân-kan
*** Tâi-lô: tu̍t-liân-kan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dudlienkafn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tut̚²⁴⁻² liɛn²⁴⁻²² kan³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tut̚⁴⁻³² liɛn²⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tut̚⁴⁻³² liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ kan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Singapore): /tut̚⁴³⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴⁻²¹ kan⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thu̍t-jiân-kan
*** Tâi-lô: thu̍t-jiân-kan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tudjienkafn
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰut̚⁴⁻³² ziɛn²³⁻³³ kan⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thu̍t-liân-kan
*** Tâi-lô: thu̍t-liân-kan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tudlienkafn
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰut̚⁴⁻³² liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ kan⁴⁴/

### Adverb

突然間
* suddenly
       dat$^6$ jin$^4$ gaan$^1$ jau$^6$ dak$^1$ zo$^2$ [Jyutping]
       suddenly works again

#### Synonyms

* 一下 (yīxià)
* 一下子 (yīxiàzi)
* 一舉／一举 (yījǔ)
* 一頭／一头 (yītóu)
* 乍然 (zhàrán) (literary)
* 倏忽 (literary)
* 卒爾／卒尔 (cù'ěr) (literary)
* 忽地 (hūdì)
* 忽然 (hūrán)
* 𢫦𢫦風／𢫦𢫦风 (Hakka)
* 暫／暂 (zàn) (literary)
* 猛 (měng)
* 猝然 (cùrán)
* 猛然 (měngrán)
* 猝爾／猝尔 (cù'ěr) (literary)
* 突然 (tūrán)
* 豁然 (huòrán) (literary)
* 遽然 (jùrán) (literary)
* 陡 (dǒu) (literary, or in compounds)
* 陡然 (dǒurán)
* 霍然 (huòrán)
* 頓／顿 (literary)
* 頓然／顿然 (dùnrán)
* 驀地／蓦地
* 驀然／蓦然 (mòrán) (formal)
* 驟然／骤然 (zhòurán) (literary)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 突然, 忽然, 猝然 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 突然, 忽然, 猛然, 驀地, 乍然, 倏忽, 驟然, 猝然, 突然間, 冷不防, 一下, 一下子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 忽然間, 冒猛地, 冒猛子, 冒冷子, 乍猛地, 乍乍地, 乍麼實兒, 虎拉巴兒, 一下兒, 一下子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 突然, 忽然, 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 突然, 忽然, 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 突乎其然 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 突然, 突然間, 突然之間, 失驚無神, 失驚忘神 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 突然, 突然間, 突然之間, 忽然, 忽然間, 忽然之間, 失驚無神, 失雞無神, 一下 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 忽然間 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 突然之間 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 突然 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 突然 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 玄工, 玄玄風, 突然 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 突然 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 陣時間 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 陣間 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 臨陣, 三不臨陣 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 突然, 忽然, 暴其然, 無張無持, 無張持 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 突然, 忽然, 無張無持, 無張持 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 突然, 忽然, 暴其然, 無張無持, 無張持, 喝一下 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 突然間, 忽然間, 雄雄, 無張持 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 雄險 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 忽然間 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 突然 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 突然 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 著生頭裡, 著陌生頭, 著陌生裡, 著末生頭, 辣陌生頭, 辣末生頭, 辣末生裡, 冷陌生頭, 突然之間, 突然, 忽聲能 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 單下 |

### References

* (Hokkien) “Entry #3920”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
* (Hokkien) “Entry #8640”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.