# ἱδρώς
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ἴδρως f (ídrōs) — Aeolic
* ἱδρώτας m (hidrṓtas) — Byzantine

### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *hwidrṓts, from Proto-Indo-European *swidrṓts, from *sweyd- (“to sweat”) (whence also ἰδίω (idíō), ἶδος (îdos)). Particularly close cognates include Old Armenian քիրտն (kʻirtn), Latvian sviedri, Albanian djersë.

### Pronunciation
#### (Epic)

* IPA: /hiː.drɔ̌ːs/ → /iˈðros/ → /iˈðros/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hiː.drɔ̌ːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /(h)iˈdros/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /iˈðros/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /iˈðros/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /iˈðros/

#### (Lyric)

* IPA: /hi.drɔ̌ːs/ → /iˈðros/ → /iˈðros/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hi.drɔ̌ːs/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /(h)iˈdros/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /iˈðros/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /iˈðros/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /iˈðros/

### Noun

ῑ̆̔δρώς • (hīdrṓs) m (genitive ῑ̆̔δρῶτος); third declension
* sweat, perspiration
    Synonym: ἶδος n (îdos)
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 350d:μετὰ ἱδρῶτοςmetà hidrôtos
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.599:κατὰ δ’ ἱ. ἔρρεεν ἐκ μελέωνkatà d’ hi. érrheen ek meléōn
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 767:ἱ. ἀνῄει χρωτίhi. anḗiei khrōtí
** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Coriolanus 3:ῥέεσθαι ἱδρῶτιrhéesthai hidrôti
** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 289, (of sweat as the sign of toil):τῆς ἀρετῆς ἱδρῶτα θεοὶ προπάροιθεν ἔθηκανtês aretês hidrôta theoì propároithen éthēkan
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.1.29:ἱδρῶτα παρέχεινhidrôta parékhein
** 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Aphorisms 4.36
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 867a.13
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 239c, (opposed to the effect of baths):ἱδρῶτες ξηροίhidrôtes xēroí
** C.E. 80–110, Textus Receptus, Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Λουκᾶν 22.44
* exudation or distillation from trees, gum, resin, sap
    Synonyms: δάκρῠ n (dákru), στᾰλαγμός m (stalagmós)
** 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 1175:σμύρνηςsmúrnēs
** Ion Trag., 40 :δρυόςdruós
** 408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Collected Works 52.12, (of wine):Βρομιάδος ἱδρῶτα πηγῆςBromiádos hidrôta pēgês
* juice, moisture
* anything earned by the sweat of one's brow
** 391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 750:οὐ γὰρ τὸν ἐμὸν ἱδρῶτα…ἐκβαλῶou gàr tòn emòn hidrôta…ekbalô
** Chor. 270.B.

#### Derived terms

* στᾱ́ζω ἱδρῶτῐ (stā́zō hidrôti)

#### Descendants

* Greek: ιδρώτας (idrótas)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἱδρώς, -ῶτος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 578–579

### Further reading

* “ἱδρώς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἱδρώς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ἱδρώς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ἱδρώς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* ἱδρώς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* G2402 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. exudation idem, page 298.gum idem, page 379.perspiration idem, page 608.sweat idem, page 847.
* “ἱδρώς”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011