# 分明
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fēnmíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fan$^1$ ming$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûn-mìn
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hun-bêng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēnmíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄣ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fenmíng
*** Wade–Giles: fên$^1$-ming$^2$
*** Yale: fēn-míng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenming
*** Palladius: фэньмин (fɛnʹmin)
*** Sinological IPA : /fən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fan$^1$ ming$^4$
*** Yale: fān mìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fan$^1$ ming$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fen$^1$ ming$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûn-mìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: fun$^ˊ$ min$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fun$^1$ min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fun²⁴ min¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-bêng
*** Tâi-lô: hun-bîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hunbeeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³ biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: pjun mjaeng
Rime :
| Character | 分 | 明 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 府文切 | 武兵切 |
| Baxter | pjun | mjaeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨun/ | /mˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piun/ | /mᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuən/ | /miaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pun/ | /miajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /piuən/ | /miɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭuən/ | /mĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pi̯uən/ | /mi̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fēn | míng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fan$^1$ | ming$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə[n] mraŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pɯn mraŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 分 | 明 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fēn | míng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjun › | ‹ mjæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*pə[n]/ | /*mraŋ/ |
| English | divide | bright |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 分 | 明 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3148 | 9188 |
| Phonetic component | 分 | 明 |
| Rime group | 文 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 分 | 明 |
| Old Chinese | /*pɯn/ | /*mraŋ/ |

### Adjective

分明
* clear; evident; plain; distinct
    四季分明 ― sìjì fēnmíng ― to have four distinct seasons

#### Synonyms

* 分曉／分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
* 明白
* 明瞭／明了 (míngliǎo)
* 明確／明确 (míngquè)
* 清晰 (qīngxī)
* 清朗 (qīnglǎng)
* 清楚
* 疏朗 (shūlǎng) (literary)
* 鮮明／鲜明 (xiānmíng)

#### Derived terms

* 一三五不論，二四六分明／一三五不论，二四六分明
* 二分明月
* 五分明兒／五分明儿
* 來去分明／来去分明
* 公私分明
* 壁壘分明／壁垒分明
* 層序分明／层序分明
* 層次分明／层次分明
* 恩怨分明
* 愛憎分明／爱憎分明 (àizēngfēnmíng)
* 是非分明 (shìfēifēnmíng)
* 曲直分明
* 條理分明／条理分明
* 涇渭分明／泾渭分明 (jīngwèifēnmíng)
* 白黑分明
* 賞罰分明／赏罚分明 (shǎngfá fēnmíng)
* 輸贏無定，報應分明／输赢无定，报应分明
* 黑白分明

### Adverb

分明
* clearly; evidently; plainly; distinctly
    這分明是歧視。／这分明是歧视。 ― Zhè fēnmíng shì qíshì. ― This is clearly discriminatory.

#### Synonyms

* 明明 (míngmíng)
* 現現／现现 (Hokkien)
* 顯然／显然 (xiǎnrán)
* 顯而易見／显而易见 (xiǎn'éryìjiàn)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 分(ぶん)明(めい) (bunmei); 分(ぶん)明(みょう) (bunmyō); 分(ふん)明(みょう) (funmyō)
* → Korean: 분명(分明) (bunmyeong)
* → Vietnamese: phân minh (分明)

### References

* “Entry #677”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 分 | 明 |

### Noun

分明 • (bunmyeong) (hangeul 분명)
* hanja form of 분명 (“clarity; clearness”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 分 | 明 |

### Adjective

分明
* chữ Hán form of phân minh (“clear-cut, definite”). (Nguyễn, 1974)