# 馬郎婦
## Chinese

* 馬郎婦

### Etymology

Literally, “Wife of Mr. Ma”.
The story of Malang-fu is found in several Chinese miracle-tale collections. According to the version in the 13th-century Fozu Tongji (Chronicle of the Buddhas and Patriarchs), the gist of the story is as follows:
   In 809 CE, there was a beautiful young woman in the eastern part of Shaanxi, an area not yet adhering to the Buddhist faith. Courted by numerous young men, she insisted that she would only marry one who could memorise the “Universal Gateway” chapter of the Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra (Lotus Sūtra) in one night. The next morning, twenty-odd men succeeded, so she then asked them to memorise the Vajracchedikāprajñāpāramitāsūtra (Diamond Sūtra) in one night. Ten remained, and were subsequently asked to memorise the entire Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra in three days. Only a pious young man with the surname of Ma succeeded, and she became his wife.
   However, during the wedding, the young woman fell ill and asked to be allowed to rest in another room. Before the wedding guests departed, she suddenly passed away. Her body instantly started to decay, so she was soon buried. Several days later, an old monk wearing a purple robe arrived at the burial place. After opening the casket, people discovered that the bones of her skeleton had been linked by a gold chain. The monk informed the villagers that the young woman was none other than the reincarnation of bodhisattva Guanyin, then the monk ascended into the sky and disappeared.
This version is different from ― and likely eventually based on ― an earlier version in the 8th/9th-century Xuxuan Guailu (續玄怪錄, More Incredible Records of Oddities), which depicted the protagonist as a charming and promiscuous woman, likewise suddenly passing away at a young age and revealed by a foreign monk at the tomb to be the bodhisattva Guanyin in disguise.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Mǎlángfù
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄤˊ ㄈㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maa$^5$ long$^4$ fu$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Mǎlángfù
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄤˊ ㄈㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Mǎlángfù
*** Wade–Giles: Ma$^3$-lang$^2$-fu$^4$
*** Yale: Mǎ-láng-fù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Maalangfuh
*** Palladius: Маланфу (Malanfu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑŋ³⁵ fu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maa$^5$ long$^4$ fu$^5$
*** Yale: máh lòhng fúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maa$^5$ long$^4$ fu$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ma$^5$ long$^4$ fu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /maː¹³ lɔːŋ²¹ fuː¹³/
* Middle Chinese: maeX lang bjuwX
Rime :
| Character | 馬 | 郎 | 婦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 來 (37) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) | 唐 (101) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I | III |
| Fanqie | 莫下切 | 魯當切 | 房久切 |
| Baxter | maeX | lang | bjuwX |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠa$^X$/ | /lɑŋ/ | /bɨu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚa$^X$/ | /lɑŋ/ | /biu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ma$^X$/ | /lɑŋ/ | /biəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maɨ$^X$/ | /laŋ/ | /buw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ma$^X$/ | /lɑŋ/ | /biu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ma$^X$/ | /lɑŋ/ | /bĭəu$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ma$^X$/ | /lɑŋ/ | /bʱi̯ə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǎ | láng | fòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | maa$^5$ | long$^4$ | fau$^6$ |

### Proper noun

馬郎婦
* (～觀音) Malangfu, one of the thirty-three manifestations of the bodhisattva Guanyin, in which it appears as “Mr. Ma's Wife”

#### Synonyms

* 魚籃觀音／鱼篮观音
* 鎖骨菩薩／锁骨菩萨

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 馬郎婦(めろうふ) (merōfu)
* → Korean: 마랑부(馬郎婦) (marangbu)
* → Vietnamese: Mã Lang Phụ (馬郎婦)

#### See also

* 馬郎／马郎 (mǎláng)