# 阻止
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zǔzhǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨˇ ㄓˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zo$^2$ zi$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chú-chṳ́
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chó͘-chí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zo$^2$ zi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǔzhǐ [Phonetic: zúzhǐ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨˇ ㄓˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǔjhǐh
*** Wade–Giles: tsu$^3$-chih$^3$
*** Yale: dzǔ-jř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuujyy
*** Palladius: цзучжи (czučži)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zo$^2$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: jó jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzo$^2$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zo$^2$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔː³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chú-chṳ́
*** Hakka Romanization System: zu$^ˋ$ zii$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zu$^3$ zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó͘-chí
*** Tâi-lô: tsóo-tsí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zofcie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zo$^2$ zi$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsó tsí
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡so⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡si⁵²⁻²¹/

### Verb

阻止
* to stop; to prevent; to convince not to

#### Synonyms

* 免除 (miǎnchú)
* 嚴防／严防 (yánfáng)
* 戒備／戒备 (jièbèi)
* 提防
* 謹防／谨防 (jǐnfáng)
* 避 (bì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 避免 (bìmiǎn)
* 防 (fáng)
* 防備／防备 (fángbèi)
* 防止 (fángzhǐ)
* 防範／防范 (fángfàn)
* 預備／预备 (yùbèi) (literary)
* 預防／预防 (yùfáng)

#### Related terms

* 勸阻／劝阻 (quànzǔ)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 阻 | 止 |
| そ Grade: S | し Grade: 2 |
| kan'on | on'yomi |
* Alternative spelling
* 沮止

### Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 阻止 (MC tsrjoX|tsrjoH tsyiX). First attested in 1827.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そし [sóꜜshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [so̞ɕi]

### Noun

阻(そ)止(し) • (soshi)
* blocking, thwarting, prevent, hindrance, impedance or impediment
    Synonym: 阻む (habamu)
    Antonyms: (promotion) 推進 (suishin), (assistance) 後押し (atooshi)

### Verb

阻(そ)止(し)する • (soshi suru) transitive suru (stem 阻(そ)止(し)し (soshi shi), past 阻(そ)止(し)した (soshi shita))
* to block, to thwart, to prevent, to impede, to hinder something
    法案(ほうあん)を阻止(そし)する
       hōan o soshi suru
       to block a bill
    水(みず)の不足(ふそく)が都市(とし)の成長(せいちょう)を阻止(そし)する
       mizu no fusoku ga toshi no seichō o soshi suru
       the lack of water is impeding the growth of the city
    進展(しんてん)を阻止(そし)する
       shinten o soshi suru
       to hinder progress
    戦争(せんそう)の勃発(ぼっぱつ)を阻止(そし)する
       sensō no boppatsu o soshi suru
       to prevent the outbreak of war

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 阻止し | そしし | soshi shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 阻止し | そしし | soshi shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 阻止する | そしする | soshi suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 阻止する | そしする | soshi suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 阻止すれ | そしすれ | soshi sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 阻止せよ¹ 阻止しろ² | そしせよ¹ そししろ² | soshi seyo¹ soshi shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 阻止される | そしされる | soshi sareru |
| Causative | 阻止させる 阻止さす | そしさせる そしさす | soshi saseru soshi sasu |
| Potential | 阻止できる | そしできる | soshi dekiru |
| Volitional | 阻止しよう | そししよう | soshi shiyō |
| Negative | 阻止しない | そししない | soshi shinai |
| Negative continuative | 阻止せず | そしせず | soshi sezu |
| Formal | 阻止します | そしします | soshi shimasu |
| Perfective | 阻止した | そしした | soshi shita |
| Conjunctive | 阻止して | そしして | soshi shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 阻止すれば | そしすれば | soshi sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN