# 志士
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhìshì
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ ㄕˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^3$ si$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chì-sū / chì-sǐr
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhìshì
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhìhshìh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^4$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: jr̀-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyhshyh
*** Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$志士 智士 智識／智识 治世
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^3$ si$^6$
*** Yale: ji sih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^3$ si$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^3$ xi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː³³ siː²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì-sū
*** Tâi-lô: tsì-sū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciesu
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡si¹¹⁻⁵³ su³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ su²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si²¹⁻⁴¹ su³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì-sǐr
*** Tâi-lô: tsì-sǐr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ²²/
* Middle Chinese: tsyiH dzriX
Rime :
| Character | 志 | 士 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 職吏切 | 鉏里切 |
| Baxter | tsyiH | dzriX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨ$^H$/ | /d͡ʒɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕɨ$^H$/ | /ɖ͡ʐɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕie$^H$/ | /d͡ʒie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cɨ$^H$/ | /ɖ͡ʐɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiə$^H$/ | /d͡ʒiə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭə$^H$/ | /d͡ʒĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi$^H$/ | /ɖ͡ʐʱi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhì | zhì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^3$ | zi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tə-s [m-s-]rəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjɯs zrɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 志 | 士 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhì | shì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyi$^H$ › | ‹ dzri$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tə-s/ | /*[m-s-]rəʔ/ |
| English | goal, intention, aspiration | officer; gentleman |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 志 | 士 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17190 | 11511 |
| Phonetic component | 之 | 士 |
| Rime group | 之 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 志 | 士 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjɯs/ | /*zrɯʔ/ |
| Notes | 說文之聲 | |

### Noun

志士
* an idealist; visionary; person of ideals and integrity; man of high ambition
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Zhìshì bù wàng zài gōuhè, yǒngshì bù wàng sàng qí yuán. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* 烈士 (lièshì)

#### Derived terms

* 仁人志士 (rénrénzhìshì)
* 志士仁人 (zhìshìrénrén)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 志士(しし) (shishi)
* → Korean: 지사(志士) (jisa)
* → Vietnamese: chí sĩ (志士)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 志 | 士 |
| し Grade: 5 | し Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しし [shíꜜshì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕiɕi]

### Noun

志(し)士(し) • (shishi)
* a person of principles, patriot

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 志 | 士 |

### Noun

志士 • (jisa) (hangeul 지사)
* hanja form of 지사 (“person of principles”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 志 | 士 |

### Noun

志士
* chữ Hán form of chí sĩ (“person of principles”).