# 飽和
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǎohé
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄏㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baau$^2$ wo$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): páu-hô
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ba$^2$ hua$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǎohé
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄏㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǎohé
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^3$-ho$^2$
*** Yale: bǎu-hé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baoher
*** Palladius: баохэ (baoxɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$寶盒／宝盒 飽和／饱和
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baau$^2$ wo$^4$
*** Yale: báau wòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baau$^2$ wo$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bao$^2$ wo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːu̯³⁵ wɔː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: páu-hô
*** Tâi-lô: páu-hô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: paw'hooi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ho²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɤ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ba$^2$ hua$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pá huâ
*** Sinological IPA : /pa⁵²⁻³⁵ hua⁵⁵/

### Verb

飽和
* (literally or figuratively) to be or become saturated; to saturate

#### Derived terms

* 不飽和／不饱和 (bùbǎohé)
* 不飽和脂肪／不饱和脂肪 (bùbǎohé zhīfáng)
* 氧飽和／氧饱和 (yǎngbǎohé)
* 過飽和／过饱和 (guòbǎohé)
* 飽和度／饱和度
* 飽和性／饱和性
* 飽和狀態／饱和状态
* 飽和脂肪／饱和脂肪 (bǎohé zhīfáng)
* 飽和脂肪酸／饱和脂肪酸 (bǎohé zhīfángsuān)
* 飽和點／饱和点

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 飽 | 和 |
| ほう Grade: S | わ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

Middle Chinese 飽和

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーわ [hòówá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞ːβ̞a̠]

### Noun

飽(ほう)和(わ) • (hōwa)
* saturation

#### Derived terms

* 不飽和(ふほうわ) (fuhōwa, “unsaturated”)
* 飽和脂肪酸(ほうわしぼうさん) (hōwa shibōsan, “saturated fatty acid”)

### Verb

飽(ほう)和(わ)する • (hōwa suru) suru (stem 飽(ほう)和(わ)し (hōwa shi), past 飽(ほう)和(わ)した (hōwa shita))
* be saturated

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 飽和し | ほうわし | hōwa shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 飽和し | ほうわし | hōwa shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 飽和する | ほうわする | hōwa suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 飽和する | ほうわする | hōwa suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 飽和すれ | ほうわすれ | hōwa sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 飽和せよ¹ 飽和しろ² | ほうわせよ¹ ほうわしろ² | hōwa seyo¹ hōwa shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 飽和される | ほうわされる | hōwa sareru |
| Causative | 飽和させる 飽和さす | ほうわさせる ほうわさす | hōwa saseru hōwa sasu |
| Potential | 飽和できる | ほうわできる | hōwa dekiru |
| Volitional | 飽和しよう | ほうわしよう | hōwa shiyō |
| Negative | 飽和しない | ほうわしない | hōwa shinai |
| Negative continuative | 飽和せず | ほうわせず | hōwa sezu |
| Formal | 飽和します | ほうわします | hōwa shimasu |
| Perfective | 飽和した | ほうわした | hōwa shita |
| Conjunctive | 飽和して | ほうわして | hōwa shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 飽和すれば | ほうわすれば | hōwa sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 飽 | 和 |

### Noun

飽和 • (pohwa) (hangeul 포화)
* hanja form of 포화 (“saturation”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 飽 | 和 |

### Adjective

飽和
* chữ Hán form of bão hòa (“saturated”).