# 如今
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): rújīn
       (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄣ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вуҗин (vužin, I-II) / вуҗин (vužin, I-0)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^4$ gam$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì-kîm / yì-kîn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lû-kim / jû-kim / jî-kim / lîr-kim
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ru$^5$ gim$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rújīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rújin
*** Wade–Giles: ju$^2$-chin$^1$
*** Yale: rú-jīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rujin
*** Palladius: жуцзинь (žuczinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐu³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: вуҗин (vužin, I-II) / вуҗин (vužin, I-0)
*** Sinological IPA : /vou²⁴ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/, /vou²⁴ t͡ɕiŋ⁰/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^4$ gam$^1$
*** Yale: yùh gām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^4$ gam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^4$ gem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː²¹ kɐm⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-kîm
*** Hakka Romanization System: i$^ˇ$ gim$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^2$ gim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i¹¹ kim²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-kîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)i$^ˇ$ gin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^2$ gin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹ kin²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lû-kim
*** Tâi-lô: lû-kim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lu'kym
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lu²⁴⁻²² kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Singapore): /lu²⁴⁻²¹ kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lu²⁴⁻¹¹ kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lu²⁴⁻²² kim³³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jû-kim
*** Tâi-lô: jû-kim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ju'kym
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zu¹³⁻²² kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu²³⁻³³ kim⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jî-kim
*** Tâi-lô: jî-kim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ji'kym
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zi²³⁻³³ kim⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîr-kim
*** Tâi-lô: lîr-kim
*** IPA (Singapore): /lɯ²⁴⁻²¹ kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ²⁴⁻²² kim³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ru$^5$ gim$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jû kim
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡zu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kim³³/
* Middle Chinese: nyo|nyoH kim
Rime :
| Character | 如 | 如 | 今 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 日 (38) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 魚 (22) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 人諸切 | 人恕切 | 居吟切 |
| Baxter | nyo | nyoH | kim |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨʌ/ | /ȵɨʌ$^H$/ | /kˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɔ/ | /ȵiɔ$^H$/ | /kᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑiɔ/ | /ȵʑiɔ$^H$/ | /kiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵɨə̆/ | /ȵɨə̆$^H$/ | /kjim/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiɔ/ | /ȵiɔ$^H$/ | /kjəm/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭo/ | /ȵʑĭo$^H$/ | /kĭĕm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯wo/ | /ȵʑi̯wo$^H$/ | /ki̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rú | rù | jīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^4$ | jyu$^6$ | gam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*na [k]r[ə]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*nja|njas krɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 如 | 今 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rú | jīn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyo › | ‹ kim › |
| Old Chinese | /*na/ | /*[k]r[ə]m/ |
| English | as, like, if | now |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 如 | 如 | 今 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9623 | 9631 | 6599 |
| Phonetic component | 女 | 女 | 今 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 如 | 洳 | 金 |
| Old Chinese | /*nja/ | /*njas/ | /*krɯm/ |
| Notes | | | 文源謂含初文 |

### Noun

如今
* nowadays; now

#### Synonyms

* 於今／于今 (yújīn)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 當今, 此時, 方今, 今朝, 如今, 而今, 今$_1$, 茲, 乃今, 於今 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 現在, 現今, 現時, 當今, 此時, 此刻, 如今, 而今, 茲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 現在, 現而今, 如今晚兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 現在, 現如今, 現下, 現前兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 現在 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 現如今, 當下 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 現在, 如今, 現如今 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 這時晚兒, 現時晚兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 現在, 而今, 現如今 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 人根, 移根 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 致兒, 現在 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 眼今, 眼是, 腳底下, 現如今, 現而今 dated, 至而今 dated |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 現在 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 現在 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 賈 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 眼下, 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 這陣子, 這陣, 這下兒, 這個時候, 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 如今, 此如今 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 這下, 這崗, 掌, 這歇, 這個時候 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 一寁 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 現在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 現在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 而今, 如今 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 而家, 家下, 家陣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 而家, 家下, 家陣, 而家下 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 那下 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 而家 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 而家 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 該時 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 家下, 那下 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 果陣 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 個陣 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 而家, 而卡 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 家陣, 而家 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 而家 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 而家 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 現在, 如今 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 該行崽 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 該仔, 如今 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 今下, 今仔下, 現下 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 如下 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Tangkeng) | 今$_1$ |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Fengliang) | 今時 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Pantian) | 今子 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 今下 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 如今 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 如今 |
| Hakka | Changting | 如今 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 今下 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 今$_1$ |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 已久 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 今子 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 如今 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 如今, 今下子 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 今底 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 如今 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 這下, 現下, 今下, 今時, 今這下 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 這下, 現下, 今嘎, 今這下 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 這下, 現下, 今這下 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 這下, 現下, 今這下, 這滿 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 這下, 現下, 今這下, 今下, 今時 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 這下, 現時, 今這下, 這滿 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 今下 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 今下, 今下子, 今下仔 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 今下 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 今下 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 呢下 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 爾歇 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 爾扎兒 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 如今, 而今 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 現時 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 現在 |
| Jin | Linhe | 這咱會兒 |
| Jin | Jining | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Baotou | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 如今 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 迦今, 今迦, 現刻 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 迦 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 迦 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 今下 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 迦, 今下 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 現時, 現刻, 現在, 現今, 仱, 今旦日 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 現時 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 現在, 仱 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 足古 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 這陣, 這滿, 這輒仔, 這輒, 這站仔, 這站, 這幫, 現主時, 現時, 今$_2$, 這氣 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 這陣, 這站仔, 這站, 這幫, 現主時, 現時, 現當今, 今$_2$, 際, 這氣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 這陣, 這輒仔, 這輒, 這站仔, 這站, 這幫, 現主時, 現時, 現主在, 現在, 現曾, 今$_2$, 這氣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 現主清 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 這陣, 這馬, 現在 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 今$_2$, 這時, 這陣, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 今$_2$, 這陣, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 這陣, 這馬, 這路尾 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 這馬, 這陣 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 今$_2$, 這時, 這陣, 這馬, 這站, 現主時, 現這馬, 現步 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 這陣, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 這陣 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 這陣, 今$_2$, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 今仔, 當今 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 這陣, 這時, 當今, 這久, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 這陣, 現時, 現在, 現主時, 這際, 這時 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 此在, 現在, 現時, 只陣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 現在, 現時, 只陣, 只回, 此在, 眼在 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 此在, 只陣 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 此在, 只時, 只回, 只陣 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 現在 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 只陣, 當今 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 只旦 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 現旦 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 現旦 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 現旦 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 現旦 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 丁 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 丁 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 而今 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 現在, 乃, 葛歇, 搿歇, 搿個辰光, 迭歇, 迭個辰光 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 那末 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 現在, 姑歇, 哀歇, 該歇 |
| Wu | Danyang | 格歇候, 格娘收, 現在 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 記歇 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 恁界, 恁仰界 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 格孑 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 如今, 如至今, 如嶄, 現在 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 咯如在 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 而界, 如今 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 侯基 |

#### Derived terms

* 事到如今 (shìdàorújīn)
* 如今晚兒／如今晚儿
* 曾著賣糖君子哄，如今不信口甜人／曾著卖糖君子哄，如今不信口甜人 (céng zhāo mài táng jūnzǐ hǒng, rújīn bùxìn kǒutián rén)