# 從容
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cóngróng, cōngróng
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ, ㄘㄨㄥ ㄖㄨㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sung$^1$ jung$^4$ / cung$^1$ jung$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): cung$^1$ iung
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiông-iông / chhiong-iông
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cóngróng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cóngróng
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻung$^2$-jung$^2$
*** Yale: tsúng-rúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsorngrong
*** Palladius: цунжун (cunžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cōngróng → cōngrong (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥ ㄖㄨㄥˊ → ㄘㄨㄥ ˙ㄖㄨㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: congro̊ng
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻung$^1$-jung$^5$
*** Yale: tsūng-rung
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsong.rong
*** Palladius: цунжун (cunžun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/ → /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʐʊŋ²/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sung$^1$ jung$^4$ / cung$^1$ jung$^4$
*** Yale: sūng yùhng / chūng yùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sung$^1$ jung$^4$ / tsung$^1$ jung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sung$^1$ yung$^4$ / cung$^1$ yung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$從容／从容 蓯蓉／苁蓉
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: cung$^1$ iung
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuŋ⁴² iuŋ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiông-iông
*** Tâi-lô: tsiông-iông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciong'ioong
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong-iông
*** Tâi-lô: tshiong-iông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiong'ioong
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: tshjowng yowng
Rime :
| Character | 從 | 容 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 七恭切 | 餘封切 |
| Baxter | tshjowng | yowng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɨoŋ/ | /jɨoŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰioŋ/ | /jioŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰioŋ/ | /ioŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰuawŋ/ | /juawŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰioŋ/ | /ioŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰĭwoŋ/ | /jĭwoŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰi̯woŋ/ | /i̯woŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cōng | yóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cung$^1$ | jung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zloŋ loŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 從 | 容 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1856 | 4284 |
| Phonetic component | 从 | 谷 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 樅 | 容 |
| Old Chinese | /*zloŋ/ | /*loŋ/ |
| Notes | | 說文古文從公， 小徐作谷聲 |

#### Adjective

從容
* calm; unhurried; leisurely
    From: 1925, 朱自清 (Zhu Ziqing), 《白種人——上帝的驕子》
    Dàn zhè háizi què yě yǒu kějìng de dìfang: tā de cóngróng, tā de chénmò, tā de dúduàndúxíng, tā de yī qù bù huítóu, dōu shì lì de biǎoxiàn, dōu shì qiángzhě shìzhě de biǎoxiàn. Juébù pópomāma de, juébù niánniándādā de, yīzhēnjiànxiě, yīdāoliǎngduàn, zhè zhèngshì báizhǒngrén zhī suǒ yǐ wéi báizhǒngrén. [Pinyin]
    But there was something about the child that could be respected. His leisurely way, his reticence, his arbitrariness, his way of walking ahead without looking back. These were manifestations of his power, the power of the strongest, of the fittest. The child was, by no means, overly careful, or irresolute. The child could hit the nail on the head and make a clean break. The child was a quintessential Caucasian.
    From: 2019, 林家謙 [Terence Lam], 下一位前度 [NEXT]
    zi$^3$ siu$^2$ zoeng$^6$ maan$^6$ bou$^6$ sung$^1$ jung$^4$ dei$^6$ bit$^6$ lei$^4$ [Jyutping]
    at least part ways calmly like going for a stroll
* plentiful; ample; abundant

##### Synonyms

* (calm):
* 冷靜／冷静 (lěngjìng)
* 在步 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 沉著 (chénzhuó)
* 淡定 (dàndìng)
* 清醒 (qīngxǐng)
* 理智 (lǐzhì)
* 精英 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 肅清／肃清 (sùqīng) (archaic)
* 自如 (zìrú) (literary)
* 自若 (zìruò) (literary)
* 鎮定／镇定 (zhèndìng)
* 鎮靜／镇静 (zhènjìng)
* (plentiful):
* 優／优 (yōu)
* 優厚／优厚 (yōuhòu)
* 充牣 (chōngrèn) (literary)
* 充盈 (chōngyíng)
* 博大 (bódà)
* 宏富 (hóngfù) (literary)
* 富足 (fùzú)
* 寬裕／宽裕 (kuānyù)
* 滿盈／满盈 (mǎnyíng) (literary)
* 盎然 (àngrán)
* 豐厚／丰厚 (fēnghòu)
* 豐富／丰富 (fēngfù)
* 豐滿／丰满 (fēngmǎn)
* 豐盛／丰盛 (fēngshèng)
* 豐碩／丰硕 (fēngshuò)
* 豐足／丰足 (fēngzú)
* 饒／饶 (ráo)

##### Derived terms

* 家道從容／家道从容
* 從容不迫／从容不迫
* 從容就義／从容就义
* 從容自在／从容自在
* 從容自如／从容自如
* 從容自若／从容自若
* 從從容容／从从容容 (cōngcōngróngróng)

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 従容(しょうよう) (shōyō)

#### Verb

從容
* (literary) to stay; to linger
* (literary) to meditate; to accommodate

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 從容 – see 慫恿 (“to instigate; to incite; to provoke”). (This term is a variant form of 慫恿).