# šķidrs
## Latvian
### Etymology

From the same stem as šķīst (“to dissolve, to melt”) (q.v.): Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰēi- (“clear, light, shiny”). With an extra suffix -d, it lead to two Proto-Baltic variants, one voiceless (with an extra s-mobile) and one voiced: *skied-, *skaid-, *skid- (whence, with an extra suffix -ru-s, šķidrs, skaidrs (“clear”), and also — with a different suffix — skaists (“beautiful”)), and *gied-, *gaid-, *gid- (whence, also with an extra -ru-s, dzidrs (“clear, limpid”), which is etymologically a variant of šķidrs), with some form influence between the two variants. The meaning evolved from “clear, limpid” > “(liquid) having no sediment, no sludge” > “liquid.” A different opinion is that šķidrs might ultimately derive from Proto-Indo-European *skei- (“to cut, to slice”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃcidɾs]
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### Adjective

šķidrs (definite šķidrais, comparative šķidrāks, superlative visšķidrākais, adverb šķidri)
* (physics) liquid (in a state of matter such that it can flow and take the form of its container)
    šķidra viela ― liquid substance
    pārvēst vielu šķidrā agregātstāvoklī ― to convert a substance to liquid state
    šķidrā degviela, šķidrais kurināmais ― liquid fuel
    šķidrais stikls ― liquid glass
    šķidrie minerālmēsli ― liquid mineral fertilizer
    šķidrie nokrišņi ― liquid precipitation (rainfall)
    šķidrs hēlijs ― liquid helium
* (of mixtures) liquid, thin (composed mostly of liquids, having relatively little solid parts)
    šķidra putra, zupa ― liquid, thin porridge, soup
* (colloquial, of hair, plumage, foliage, vegetation) thin, sparse
    šķidrie, gaišie mati ― thin, light hair
    tajā dzīvoja vecs jakuts ar šķidru bārdiņu ― there lived an old Yakut with a thin little beard
    krūmi aplokā gan nobiruši un šķidri ― the bushes in the yard were rather fallen and thin (= had few leaves)
* (colloquial, of fabric, cloth) thin, worn off
    seju klāj šķidrs zīda lakatiņš ― a thin silk veil covered (her) face
    lētais audums kļuvis pavisam šķidrs ― the cheap fabric has become (after washing) really thin
* (colloquial, of groups of people) thin, sparse (with members relatively far from each other)
    pūlis pavisam mazs un šķidrs kļuvis ― the crowd became small and thin
* (colloquial, of clouds, smoke, etc.) thin (having low density)
    reti bālganzili, šķidrs mākonīši ― a few rare pale bluish thin little clouds
* (colloquial) thin, (scattered) few, not much, unimpressive, not good
    aplausi bija šķidri ― the applause was thin
    šie man prasa: “kā ar mācībām?” “šķidri”, es saku ― they ask me: “how about your training?” “thin” (= bad), I answer

#### Synonyms

* (of hair, groups of people): rets
* (of hair, fabric, mixtures): plāns

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “of "state of matter"”): ciets (“solid”), gāzveidīgs (“gaseous”)
* (antonym(s) of “of "thin"”): biezs, blīvs

#### Derived terms

* šķidrums

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “šķidrs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN