# 戰慄
## Chinese
### Etymology

From the Analects, Book 3 (《論語·八佾》):
    哀公問社於宰我。宰我對曰：「夏后氏以松，殷人以柏，周人以栗。曰：『使民戰栗。』」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]哀公问社于宰我。宰我对曰：「夏后氏以松，殷人以柏，周人以栗。曰：『使民战栗。』」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's versionĀi gōng wèn shè yú Zǎi wǒ. Zǎi wǒ duì yuē: “Xiàhòushì yǐ sōng, yīn rén yǐ bǎi, zhōu rén yǐ lì. Yuē: ‘Shǐ mín zhànlì.’” [Pinyin]The duke Ai asked Zai Wo about the altars of the spirits of the land. Zai Wo replied, "The Xia sovereign planted the pine tree about them; the men of the Yin planted the cypress; and the men of the Zhou planted the chestnut tree, meaning thereby to cause the people to be in awe."
栗 (lì, “chestnut”) and 慄／栗 (lì, “to tremble”) are homophonic.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhànlì
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zin$^3$ leot$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhànlì
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhànlì
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^4$-li$^4$
*** Yale: jàn-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jannlih
*** Palladius: чжаньли (čžanʹli)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$戰力／战力 戰慄／战栗 站立
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zin$^3$ leot$^6$
*** Yale: jin leuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzin$^3$ loet$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jin$^3$ lêd$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːn³³ lɵt̚²/
* Middle Chinese: tsyenH lit
Rime :
| Character | 戰 | 慄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) | 質 (48) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 之膳切 | 力質切 |
| Baxter | tsyenH | lit |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇn$^H$/ | /liɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛn$^H$/ | /lit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjæn$^H$/ | /ljet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cian$^H$/ | /lit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛn$^H$/ | /liĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛn$^H$/ | /lĭĕt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛn$^H$/ | /li̯ĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhàn | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zin$^3$ | lat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjans riɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 戰 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyen$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tar-s/ |
| English | to fear |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 戰 | 慄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2019 | 7971 |
| Phonetic component | 單 | 栗 |
| Rime group | 元 | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 戰 | 栗 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjans/ | /*riɡ/ |

### Verb

戰慄
* (literary) to tremble; to shudder (from fear or being cold)

#### Synonyms

* 交懍恂／交懔恂 (Hokkien)
* 呞呞顫／呞呞颤 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 哆嗦 (duōsuo)
* 圪觫 (geh$^5$ sueh$^4$) (Jin)
* 慄慄掣／栗栗掣 (Hokkien)
* 戰／战 (zhàn)
* 戰抖／战抖 (zhàndǒu)
* 打抖 (da$^3$ deu$^3$) (Gan)
* 抖 (dǒu)
* 抖動／抖动 (dǒudòng)
* 抖抖絲／抖抖丝 (Longyan Min)
* 掣 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 掉 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 搦搦掣 (Hokkien)
* 發抖／发抖 (fādǒu)
* 蟯蟯掣／蛲蛲掣 (Hokkien)
* 起掉 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 顫／颤
* 顫動／颤动 (chàndòng)
* 顫抖／颤抖 (chàndǒu)

#### Derived terms

* 戰戰慄慄／战战栗栗

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 戦慄(せんりつ) (senritsu)
* → Korean: 전율(戰慄) (jeonyul)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 戰 | 慄 |
| せん Jinmeiyō | りつ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

戰(せん)慄(りつ) • (senritsu)
* Kyūjitai form of 戦慄

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 戰 | 慄 |

### Noun

戰慄 • (jeonyul) (hangeul 전율)
* hanja form of 전율 (“shudder”)