# 要約
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yāoyuē
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠ ㄩㄝ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yāoyuē
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ ㄩㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yaoyue
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^1$-yüeh$^1$
*** Yale: yāu-ywē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iauiue
*** Palladius: яоюэ (jaojue)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

#### Verb

要約
* (literary) to restrict; to limit
* (literary) to agree to a contract
* (law) to offer; to bid

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yàoyuē
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˋ ㄩㄝ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yàoyuē
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˋ ㄩㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yàoyue
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^4$-yüeh$^1$
*** Yale: yàu-ywē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yawiue
*** Palladius: яоюэ (jaojue)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

#### Adjective

要約
* (literary) succinct; concise; brief

### Pronunciation 3

* Jin (Wiktionary): iau$^3$ ieh$^4$
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: iau$^3$ ieh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /iau⁴⁵ iəʔ²/

#### Verb

要約
* (Jin) to guess; to estimate

##### Synonyms

* 估計／估计 (gūjì)
* 估量
* 假定 (jiǎdìng)
* 假想 (jiǎxiǎng)
* 假設／假设 (jiǎshè)
* 商量 (shāngliàng) (Classical Chinese)
* 嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
* 忖度 (cǔnduó) (literary)
* 思裁 (sīcái) (literary)
* 想象 (xiǎngxiàng)
* 懸／悬 (xuán) (literary, or in compounds)
* 懸想／悬想 (xuánxiǎng)
* 懷疑／怀疑 (huáiyí)
* 打估 (Southern Pinghua)
* 推想 (tuīxiǎng)
* 推測／推测 (tuīcè)
* 掠算 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 揣度 (formal)
* 擬／拟 (nǐ)
* 母量 (mu$^3$ liong) (Gan)
* 派胚 (Hokkien)
* 測／测 (cè) (literary, or in compounds)
* 測估／测估 (cègū)
* 測度／测度 (cèduó)
* 測算／测算 (cèsuàn)
* 猜 (cāi)
* 猜度 (cāiduó)
* 猜想 (cāixiǎng)
* 猜摸 (cāimo)
* 猜料 (cāiliào)
* 猜測／猜测 (cāicè)
* 猜詳／猜详 (cāixiáng)
* 算 (suàn)
* 算計／算计 (suànjì)
* 約摸／约摸 (yuēmo)
* 臭疑 (Hokkien)
* 臭青疑 (Hokkien)
* 虛擬／虚拟 (xūnǐ)
* 設／设 (shè)
* 設想／设想 (shèxiǎng)
* 跋胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 辦胚／办胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 阿合 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 青疑 (Hokkien)
* 預計／预计 (yùjì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 要 | 約 |
| よう Grade: 4 | やく Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

/jeujaku/ → /joːjaku/
From Middle Chinese 要約 (MC 'jiew|'jiewH 'jiewH|'jak, “important bond or agreement”). Compare modern Mandarin reading yāoyuē.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) よーやく [yòóyákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [jo̞ːja̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

要(よう)約(やく) • (yōyaku)
* abridgment (shortened version), summary
* a compact or contract, an agreement, a promise

### Verb

要(よう)約(やく)する • (yōyaku suru) transitive suru (stem 要(よう)約(やく)し (yōyaku shi), past 要(よう)約(やく)した (yōyaku shita))
* to sum up, to summarize
* to enter into compact or contract, to form an agreement, to make a promise

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 要約し | ようやくし | yōyaku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 要約し | ようやくし | yōyaku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 要約する | ようやくする | yōyaku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 要約する | ようやくする | yōyaku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 要約すれ | ようやくすれ | yōyaku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 要約せよ¹ 要約しろ² | ようやくせよ¹ ようやくしろ² | yōyaku seyo¹ yōyaku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 要約される | ようやくされる | yōyaku sareru |
| Causative | 要約させる 要約さす | ようやくさせる ようやくさす | yōyaku saseru yōyaku sasu |
| Potential | 要約できる | ようやくできる | yōyaku dekiru |
| Volitional | 要約しよう | ようやくしよう | yōyaku shiyō |
| Negative | 要約しない | ようやくしない | yōyaku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 要約せず | ようやくせず | yōyaku sezu |
| Formal | 要約します | ようやくします | yōyaku shimasu |
| Perfective | 要約した | ようやくした | yōyaku shita |
| Conjunctive | 要約して | ようやくして | yōyaku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 要約すれば | ようやくすれば | yōyaku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN