# 腰鼓
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yāogǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠ ㄍㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu$^1$ gu$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): io-kó͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yāogǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yaogǔ
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^1$-ku$^3$
*** Yale: yāu-gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iauguu
*** Palladius: яогу (jaogu)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$腰骨 腰鼓
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jiu$^1$ gu$^2$
*** Yale: yīu gú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jiu$^1$ gu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yiu$^1$ gu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːu̯⁵⁵ kuː³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: io-kó͘
*** Tâi-lô: io-kóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ioi'kor
*** IPA (Xiamen): /io⁴⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /io³³ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /io⁴⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /io⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

### Noun

腰鼓
* waist-drum
* waist-drum dance

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 腰鼓(ようこ) (yōko)
* → Korean: 요고(腰鼓) (yogo)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 腰 | 鼓 |
| よう Grade: S | こ Grade: S |
| kan'on ||
Borrowed from Middle Chinese 腰鼓 (MC 'jiew kuX, literally “waist + drum”). First cited in Japanese to a text from 780.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) よーこ [yóꜜòkò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [jo̞ːko̞]

#### Noun

腰(よう)鼓(こ) • (yōko)
* [from 780] a type of double-headed drum used in 伎楽 (gigaku, a type of traditional Japanese dance drama), with a narrow waist and circular leather covers on both ends, hung horizontally from the neck to the waist with a long string, and played by striking both sides with both hands
    Synonyms: 呉鼓 (kuretsuzumi, uncommon), 腰鼓 (koshitsuzumi, uncommon)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 腰 | 鼓 |
| こし Grade: S | つづみ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi ||
Compound of 腰 (koshi, “hip, waist”) +‎ 鼓 (tsuzumi, “drum”).
First cited to a text from roughly 1180.
This reading may be archaic; dictionaries that usually include pitch accent information for modern entries do not list any pitch for this term.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ko̞ɕit͡sɨzɨmʲi]

#### Noun

腰(こし)鼓(つづみ) • (koshitsuzumi)
* [from late 1100s] (uncommon, possibly archaic) a type of double-headed drum used in 伎楽 (gigaku, a type of traditional Japanese dance drama), with a narrow waist and circular leather covers on both ends, hung horizontally from the neck to the waist with a long string, and played by striking both sides with both hands

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 腰 | 鼓 |
| くれ Grade: S | つづみ Grade: S |
| irregular | kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 腰鼓 – see the following entry. :
| 【呉鼓くれつづみ】 | [noun] Synonym of 腰鼓 (yōko): a type of double-headed drum used in 伎楽 (gigaku, a type of traditional Japanese dance drama), with a narrow waist and circular leather covers on both ends, hung horizontally from the neck to the waist with a long string, and played by striking both sides with both hands |
(This term, 腰鼓, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* 1 2 3 “腰鼓”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN