# 閂

| 閂 | U+9582, &#38274; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9582 |
| ← 閁 [U+9581] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 閃 → [U+9583] |

## Translingual
### Han character

閂 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+1, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日弓一 (ANM), four-corner 7710$_7$, composition ⿵門一)
* bolt
* latch
* crossbar

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1330, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41211
* Dae Jaweon: page 1834, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4282, character 3
* Unihan data for U+9582

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“gate”) + 一 (“crossbar”) ― a crossbar over a gate; sealing it closed.
Compare 關.

### Etymology 1

Related to 關 (OC *kroːn) (Zhengzhang, 2003).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shuān (shuan$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄢ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): suan$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): saan$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): san$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): son$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhôn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): con$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): suan$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): sóng
* Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): soan
    (Teochew, Peng'im): suang$^1$ / suêng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$soe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xyan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shuān
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shuan
*** Wade–Giles: shuan$^1$
*** Yale: shwān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuan
*** Palladius: шуань (šuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu̯än⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: suan$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: suan
*** Sinological IPA : /suan²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saan$^1$
*** Yale: sāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /san³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: son$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵn⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhôn
*** Hakka Romanization System: con$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: con$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰon²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: con$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔn⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: suan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /suæ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sóng
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /souŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soan
*** Tâi-lô: suan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soafn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /suan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suan³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: suang$^1$ / suêng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suang / sueng
*** Sinological IPA : /suaŋ³³/, /sueŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$soe
*** MiniDict: soe$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$soe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sø⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: xyan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯æn³³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit閂 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂuan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʂuan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /suan²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʂuã²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʂuã²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʂuan²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /fã⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /fã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʂuan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /fɛ̃n¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʂuan⁴⁴/ /fan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /suan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /suan¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /suan²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʂuã̠⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʂuaŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʂuæ̃²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /suæ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /suɑŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /suæ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /sø⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /sø⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷõ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /sø³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕye³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /suːə¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕyan³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /sɔn³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɵn⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰon⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sʰon²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /san⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /san⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /san⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /suan⁵⁵/ /sŋ̍⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /souŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kɔŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰuã²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /suaŋ³³/ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰroːn/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 閂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11931 |
| Phonetic component | 閂 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𣠯 |
| Old Chinese | /*sqʰroːn/ |
| Notes | 𣟴今字，實與闗同根 |

#### Definitions

閂
* bolt; latch; crossbar
* to bolt; to latch
* (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) to close (a door, a gate, etc.)
    閂埋個窗／闩埋个窗 [Cantonese] ― saan$^1$ maai$^4$ go$^3$ coeng$^1$ [Jyutping] ― to close up the window
* (Cantonese) to switch off; to turn off
    閂風扇／闩风扇 [Cantonese] ― saan$^1$ fung$^1$ sin$^3$ [Jyutping] ― to turn off the fan

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 關, 閉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 關 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 關 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 關 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 關 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 關 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 關 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 關 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 閂 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 閂 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 閂 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 閂 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 關 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 關 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 關 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 關 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 關 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 關 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 關 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 關 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 關 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 關 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 關 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 關 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 關 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 關 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 關 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 關 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 關 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 關 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 關 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 關 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 崁 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 關 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 關 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 關 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 關 |

#### Compounds

* 上閂／上闩 (shàngshuān)
* 門閂／门闩 (ménshuān)
* 閂門／闩门 (shuānmén)
* 關門落閂／关门落闩

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Northern Min (KCR): cho̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): cháung
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhòaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cuan$^3$
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cho̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cháung
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑuŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhòaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tshuànn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhvoax
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰuã²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰuã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰuã²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰuã¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰuã²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cuan$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuàⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰũã²¹³/

#### Definitions

閂 (Min)
* bolt; latch; crossbar
* to bolt; to latch; to lock
    閂門／闩门 [Hokkien] ― chhòaⁿ-mn̂g [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to lock a door

#### Compounds

* 門閂／门闩
* 閂根／闩根
* 閂門／闩门

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: さん (san)
* Kan-on: さん (san)
* Kun: かんぬき (kannuki, 閂)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 閂
* かんぬき Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 貫木 (uncommon)
/kʷan no ki/ → /kʷanːoki/ → /kʷanːuki/ → /kanːuki/
Shift from 貫の木 (kan no ki, literally “1-kan (3.75-kilogram/8.267-pound) wood”) or 関の木 (kan no ki, literally “barrier-wood”), possibly influenced by 貫き (nuki, “wooden beam used in joinery”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かんぬき [kàńnúꜜkì] (Nakadaka – [3])
* (Tokyo) かんぬき [kàńnúkíꜜ] (Odaka – [4])
* IPA: [kã̠nːɯ̟kʲi]

### Noun

閂(かんぬき) • (kannuki)
* a heavy, usually wooden, crossbar used to lock across double doors or gates of an entrance to a building, similar to a latch
    Synonym: 貫木 (kangi)
* (sumo) a grip in which one wrestler wraps his arms around both of his opponent’s arms and squeezes them together to maneuver the opponent for a kimedashi or kimetaoshi, or to weaken the opponent’s grip on the mawashi; a type of armbar

#### Derived terms

* 閂(かんぬき)差(ざ)し (kannuki-zashi)
* 閂(かんぬき)相(そう)場(ば) (kannuki sōba)
* 閂(かんぬき)止(ど)め (kannuki-dome)

### Proper noun

閂(かんぬき) • (Kannuki)
* a surname

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN