# 蜿蜒
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wānyán
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢ ㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^1$ jin$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): oan-iân / oán-iân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): uang$^2$ iang$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wānyán
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢ ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wanyán
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^1$-yen$^2$
*** Yale: wān-yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uanyan
*** Palladius: ваньянь (vanʹjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^1$ jin$^4$
*** Yale: yūn yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^1$ jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^1$ yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan-iân
*** Tâi-lô: uan-iân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oan'ieen
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uan³³ iɛn²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oán-iân
*** Tâi-lô: uán-iân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oafn'ieen
*** IPA (Xiamen): /uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɛn¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: uang$^2$ iang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uáng iăng
*** Sinological IPA : /uaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ iaŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: 'jwon yen
Rime :
| Character | 蜿 | 蜒 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於袁切 | 以然切 |
| Baxter | 'jwon | yen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔʉɐn/ | /jiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔʷiɐn/ | /jiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuɐn/ | /jæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔuan/ | /jian/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuɐn/ | /iɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭwɐn/ | /jĭɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔi̯wɐn/ | /i̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuān | yán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^1$ | jin$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qon lan/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蜿 | 蜒 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 16285 | 14258 |
| Phonetic component | 夗 | 延 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鴛 | 延 |
| Old Chinese | /*qon/ | /*lan/ |

### Verb

蜿蜒
* to wriggle
* to wind; to zigzag; to meander

#### Synonyms

* (to wriggle): 宛延 (wǎnyán)
* (to wind): 宛延 (wǎnyán)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 蜿蜒(えんえん) (en'en)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 蜿 | 蜒 |
| えん Hyōgai | えん Hyōgai |
| kan'on | on'yomi |
* Alternative spellings
* 宛延 婉延

### Etymology

/weɴeɴ/ → /eɴeɴ/
From Middle Chinese 蜿蜒 (MC 'jwon yen, literally “wriggle, wind + stretch for a long distance”). Compare modern Mandarin reading wānyán.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えんえん [èń'éń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ẽ̞ɰ̃ẽ̞ɴ]

### Adjective

蜿(えん)蜒(えん) • (en'en) $^†$-tari (adnominal 蜿(えん)蜒(えん)とした (en'en to shita) or 蜿(えん)蜒(えん)たる (en'en taru), adverbial 蜿(えん)蜒(えん)と (en'en to) or 蜿(えん)蜒(えん)として (en'en to shite))
* meandering, winding
** 1905: 韓國誌 (Kankoku-shi, “Korea Chronicle”), 農商務省 (Nōshōmushō, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce) (in Japanese), Tōkyō (text here):
    …此(この)村(むら)ヨリ河(かわ)ノ谷(たに)ハ五(ご)里(り)二(に)十(じゅう)町(ちょう)ノ間(あいだ)蜿(えん)蜒(えん)タル峽(きょう)地(ち)ヲ形(かたち)ツクリ…
       …kono mura yori kawa no tani wa go ri nijū chō no aida en'en taru kyōchi o katachi tsukuri…
       ...from this village, the river valley takes the form of a meandering gorge for a distance of five li and twenty chō [approx. 22km]...

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 蜿蜒たら | ゑんえんたら | wen'entara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 蜿蜒と$^{[1]}$ 蜿蜒たり$^{[2]}$ | ゑんえんと ゑんえんたり | wen'ento wen'entari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 蜿蜒たり | ゑんえんたり | wen'entari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 蜿蜒たる | ゑんえんたる | wen'entaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 蜿蜒たれ | ゑんえんたれ | wen'entare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 蜿蜒たれ | ゑんえんたれ | wen'entare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 蜿蜒たらず | ゑんえんたらず | wen'entarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 蜿蜒たれど | ゑんえんたれど | wen'entaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 蜿蜒たれば | ゑんえんたれば | wen'entareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 蜿蜒たらば | ゑんえんたらば | wen'entaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 蜿蜒たりき | ゑんえんたりき | wen'entariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 蜿蜒たりけり | ゑんえんたりけり | wen'entarikeri |
| Adverbial | 蜿蜒と | ゑんえんと | wen'ento |
| $^{[1]}$Without auxiliary verb. $^{[2]}$With auxiliary verb. ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 蜿 | 蜒 |

### Noun

蜿蜒 • (wanyeon) (hangeul 완연)
* hanja form of 완연