# 咀嚼
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jǔjué
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˇ ㄐㄩㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi$^2$ zoek$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chú-chio̍k / chír-chio̍k / chó͘-chio̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zu$^1$ ziag$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǔjué
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˇ ㄐㄩㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyǔjyué
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^3$-chüeh$^2$
*** Yale: jyǔ-jywé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeujyue
*** Palladius: цзюйцзюэ (czjujczjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeoi$^2$ zoek$^3$
*** Yale: jéui jeuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey$^2$ dzoek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêu$^2$ zêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵy̯³⁵ t͡sœːk̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chú-chio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tsú-tsio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zwciok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chír-chio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tsír-tsio̍k
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɔk̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó͘-chio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tsóo-tsio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zofciok
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚¹²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zu$^1$ ziag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsu tsiak
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su³³⁻²³ t͡siak̚²/

### Verb

咀嚼
* to chew; to masticate
* to think over; to mull over; to ponder; to ruminate
* (archaic) to enunciate clearly
* (archaic) to curse; to imprecate

#### Usage notes

In the term 咀嚼 (jǔjué), the character 嚼 (jiáo) is pronounced jué; however, when used as a character by itself (meaning "to chew"), 嚼 (jiáo) is pronounced jiáo.

#### Synonyms

* (to chew, to think over): 咬嚼 (yǎojué)

#### Derived terms

* 咀嚼肌 (jǔjuéjī)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 咀 | 嚼 |
| そ Hyōgai | しゃく Hyōgai |
| kan'yōon | kan'on |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そしゃく [sòshákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [so̞ɕa̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

咀(そ)嚼(しゃく) • (soshaku)
* (physiology) mastication
* digestion, understanding

#### Derived terms

* 咀(そ)嚼(しゃく)器(き) (soshakuki)
* 咀(そ)嚼(しゃく)筋(きん) (soshakukin)
* 咀(そ)嚼(しゃく)力(りょく) (soshakuryoku)

### Verb

咀(そ)嚼(しゃく)する • (soshaku suru) transitive suru (stem 咀(そ)嚼(しゃく)し (soshaku shi), past 咀(そ)嚼(しゃく)した (soshaku shita))
* (physiology) masticate
* digest, understand

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 咀嚼し | そしゃくし | soshaku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 咀嚼し | そしゃくし | soshaku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 咀嚼する | そしゃくする | soshaku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 咀嚼する | そしゃくする | soshaku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 咀嚼すれ | そしゃくすれ | soshaku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 咀嚼せよ¹ 咀嚼しろ² | そしゃくせよ¹ そしゃくしろ² | soshaku seyo¹ soshaku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 咀嚼される | そしゃくされる | soshaku sareru |
| Causative | 咀嚼させる 咀嚼さす | そしゃくさせる そしゃくさす | soshaku saseru soshaku sasu |
| Potential | 咀嚼できる | そしゃくできる | soshaku dekiru |
| Volitional | 咀嚼しよう | そしゃくしよう | soshaku shiyō |
| Negative | 咀嚼しない | そしゃくしない | soshaku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 咀嚼せず | そしゃくせず | soshaku sezu |
| Formal | 咀嚼します | そしゃくします | soshaku shimasu |
| Perfective | 咀嚼した | そしゃくした | soshaku shita |
| Conjunctive | 咀嚼して | そしゃくして | soshaku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 咀嚼すれば | そしゃくすれば | soshaku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 咀 | 嚼 |

### Noun

咀嚼 • (jeojak) (hangeul 저작)
* hanja form of 저작 (“mastication”)