# 宗族
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zōngzú
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥ ㄗㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^1$ zuk$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chûng-chhu̍k
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chong-cho̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zong$^1$ zog$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zōngzú
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥ ㄗㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zongzú
*** Wade–Giles: tsung$^1$-tsu$^2$
*** Yale: dzūng-dzú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzongtzwu
*** Palladius: цзунцзу (czunczu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^1$ zuk$^6$
*** Yale: jūng juhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^1$ dzuk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^1$ zug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$中軸／中轴 宗族
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng-chhu̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: zung$^ˊ$ cug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zung$^1$ cug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chong-cho̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tsong-tso̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zongzok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zong$^1$ zog$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsong tso̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sok̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsowng dzuwk
Rime :
| Character | 宗 | 族 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 冬 (5) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 作冬切 | 昨木切 |
| Baxter | tsowng | dzuwk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡suoŋ/ | /d͡zuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡suoŋ/ | /d͡zuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡soŋ/ | /d͡zuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sawŋ/ | /d͡zəwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡soŋ/ | /d͡zuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡suoŋ/ | /d͡zuk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡suoŋ/ | /d͡zʱuk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zōng | zú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^1$ | zuk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤuŋ [dz]ˤok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːŋ zoːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 宗 | 族 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zōng | zú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsowng › | ‹ dzuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁuŋ/ | /*[dz]ˁok/ |
| English | ancestral temple | clan |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 宗 | 族 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17892 | 17980 |
| Phonetic component | 宗 | 族 |
| Rime group | 終 | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 宗 | 族 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsuːŋ/ | /*zoːɡ/ |
| Notes | | 甲文或從二矢， 象令旗麾矢蔟集， 爲蔟初文，說文訓鏃則與從方二矢脫節 |

### Noun

宗族
* patriarchal clan
* clansman
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Chén zhī chóu Hán xiàng Xiálěi, Xiálěi yòu Hán jūn zhī jìfù yě, zōngzú shèngduō, jūchù bīngwèi shèn shè, chén yù shǐ rén cì zhī, zhōng mò néng jiù. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* (patriarchal clan): 系族 (xìzú)