# 殘缺
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cánquē
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˊ ㄑㄩㄝ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caan$^4$ kyut$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chân-khoat
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cánquē
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˊ ㄑㄩㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cáncyue
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻan$^2$-chʻüeh$^1$
*** Yale: tsán-chywē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsarnchiue
*** Palladius: цаньцюэ (canʹcjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰän³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caan$^4$ kyut$^3$
*** Yale: chàahn kyut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaan$^4$ kyt$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: can$^4$ küd$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːn²¹ kʰyːt̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chân-khoat
*** Tâi-lô: tsân-khuat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zanqoad
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡san¹³⁻²² kʰuat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡san²⁴⁻²² kʰuat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡san²⁴⁻²² kʰuat̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: dzan khwet|khjwiet
Rime :
| Character | 殘 | 缺 | 缺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 溪 (29) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) | 屑 (88) | 薛 (82) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 昨干切 | 苦穴切 | 傾雪切 |
| Baxter | dzan | khwet | khjwiet |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zɑn/ | /kʰwet̚/ | /kʰiuᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zɑn/ | /kʰʷet̚/ | /kʰʷiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zɑn/ | /kʰuɛt̚/ | /kʰjuæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zan/ | /kʰwɛt̚/ | /kʰwiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zɑn/ | /kʰuet̚/ | /kʰiuɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zɑn/ | /kʰiwet̚/ | /kʰĭuɛt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡zʱɑn/ | /kʰiwet̚/ | /kʰi̯wɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cán | que | que |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caan$^4$ | hyut$^3$ | hyut$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤa[n] Nə-[k]ʷʰˤet/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zlaːn kʰʷed|kʰʷeːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 殘 | 缺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cán | quē |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzan › | ‹ khwet › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]ˁa[n]/ | /*Nə-[k]ʷʰˁet/ |
| English | damage; hurt; cruel | break; defective |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 殘 | 缺 | 缺 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 5978 | 4412 | 4430 |
| Phonetic component | 戔 | 夬 | 夬 |
| Rime group | 元 | 月 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 殘 | 缺 | 闋 |
| Old Chinese | /*zlaːn/ | /*kʰʷed/ | /*kʰʷeːd/ |

### Verb

殘缺
* to be damaged; to be worn; to be torn

#### Synonyms

* 破損／破损 (pòsǔn)
* 缺損／缺损 (quēsǔn)

### Adjective

殘缺
* damaged; defective; fallible; incomplete; fragmentary

#### Synonyms

* 欠 (qiàn)
* 殘敗／残败 (cánbài)
* 殘破／残破 (cánpò)
* 殘舊／残旧 (cánjiù)
* 破 (pò)
* 破敗／破败 (pòbài)
* 破爛／破烂 (pòlàn)
* 破缺 (Hokkien)
* 破舊／破旧 (pòjiù)
* 破落 (pòluò)
* 破鬖／破𩭹 (Min Nan)
* 缺 (quē)
* 落柵／落栅 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

#### Antonyms

* 完美 (wánměi)
* 完全 (wánquán)

### Derived terms

* 殘缺不全／残缺不全 (cánquēbùquán)