# 大乘
## Chinese
### Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit महायान (mahāyāna).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Dàchéng, Dàshèng
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ, ㄉㄚˋ ㄕㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daai$^6$ sing$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Tāi-sêng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Dàchéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Dàchéng
*** Wade–Giles: Ta$^4$-chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: Dà-chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dahcherng
*** Palladius: Дачэн (Dačɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Dàshèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄕㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Dàshèng
*** Wade–Giles: Ta$^4$-shêng$^4$
*** Yale: Dà-shèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dahshenq
*** Palladius: Дашэн (Dašɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daai$^6$ sing$^6$
*** Yale: daaih sihng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daai$^6$ sing$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dai$^6$ xing$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːi̯²² sɪŋ²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tāi-sêng
*** Tâi-lô: Tāi-sîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: daixseeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tai²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tai⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tai²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tai³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tai³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: dajH|daH zyingH
Rime :
| Character | 大 | 大 | 乘 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 定 (7) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (25) | 歌 (94) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | III |
| Fanqie | 徒蓋切 | 唐佐切 | 實證切 |
| Baxter | dajH | daH | zyingH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /ʑɨŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /ʑɨŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /ʑieŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daj$^H$/ | /da$^H$/ | /ʑiŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiəŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑĭəŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱɑi$^H$/ | /dʱɑ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dài | duò | shèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daai$^6$ | do$^6$ | sing$^6$ |

### Noun

大乘
* (Buddhism) Mahayana

#### Synonyms

* 北傳／北传 (běichuán)

#### Coordinate terms

* 小乘 (xiǎochéng, “Hinayana”)

#### Derived terms

* 大乘佛教 (Dàchéng Fójiào)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 大(だい)乗(じょう) (daijō)
* → Korean: 대승(大乘) (daeseung)
* → Vietnamese: Đại thừa (大乘)

#### See also

* 上座部 (Shàngzuòbù)

### References

* Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “大乘” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

### Further reading

* 大乘佛教 on the Chinese Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{zh}$
* Mahayana on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 乘 |
| だい Grade: 1 | じょう Jinmeiyō |
| goon ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 大乘 – see the following entry. :
| 【大乗だいじょう】 | [noun] (Buddhism) Mahayana |
(This term, 大乘, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 大 | 乘 |

### Noun

大乘 • (daeseung) (hangeul 대승)
* hanja form of 대승 (“(Buddhism) Mahayana; the great vehicle”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 大 | 乘 |

### Noun

大乘
* chữ Hán form of Đại thừa (“(Buddhism) Mahayana; the great vehicle”).