# 嘲笑
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cháoxiào
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaau$^1$ siu$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiâu-chhiò / tiâu-chhiàu / sau-chhiò
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cháoxiào
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cháosiào
*** Wade–Giles: chʻao$^2$-hsiao$^4$
*** Yale: cháu-syàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaurshiaw
*** Palladius: чаосяо (čaosjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaau$^1$ siu$^3$
*** Yale: jāau siu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaau$^1$ siu$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zao$^1$ xiu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːu̯⁵⁵ siːu̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâu-chhiò
*** Tâi-lô: tiâu-tshiò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diauchioix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiau²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰio⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiau²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰio²¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâu-chhiàu
*** Tâi-lô: tiâu-tshiàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diauchiaux
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiau²¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sau-chhiò
*** Tâi-lô: sau-tshiò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sauchioix
*** IPA (Taipei): /sau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰio¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɤ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: traew sjewH
Rime :
| Character | 嘲 | 笑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 陟交切 | 私妙切 |
| Baxter | traew | sjewH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠau/ | /siᴇu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚau/ | /siɛu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶau/ | /sjæu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈaɨw/ | /siaw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶau/ | /siɛu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶau/ | /sĭɛu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶau/ | /si̯ɛu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhāo | xiào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zaau$^1$ | siu$^3$ |

### Verb

嘲笑
* (transitive) to laugh at; to deride; to jeer; to mock; to ridicule
       Wǒmen méi zīgé cháoxiào tā. [Pinyin]
       We have no right to laugh at him.

#### Synonyms

* 作弄 (zuònòng)
* 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
* 刺 (literary, or in compounds)
* 刺溪 (chié-*kă̤) (Eastern Min)
* 創弄／创弄 (Hokkien)
* 創景／创景 (Hokkien)
* 創治／创治 (chhòng-tī) (Hokkien)
* 剾損／𠛅损 (Hokkien)
* 剾洗／𠛅洗 (Hokkien)
* 剾洗／𠛅洗 (khau-sé) (Hokkien)
* 剾褻／𠛅亵 (Hokkien)
* 𠢕滾／𠢕滚 (Hokkien)
* 取樂／取乐 (qǔlè)
* 取笑 (qǔxiào)
* 呾笑話／呾笑话 (dan$^3$ cio$^3$ uê$^7$) (Teochew)
* 呾耍笑 (Teochew)
* 嗤笑 (chīxiào)
* 嘲弄 (cháonòng)
* 嘲訕／嘲讪 (cháoshàn)
* 嘲諷／嘲讽 (cháofěng)
* 嘲謔／嘲谑 (cháoxuè)
* 奚落 (xīluò)
* 尋開心／寻开心 (Wu)
* 巴銳／巴锐 (Hokkien)
* 恥笑／耻笑 (chǐxiào)
* 戲弄／戏弄 (xìnòng)
* 戲謔／戏谑 (xìxuè)
* 挖苦 (wākǔ)
* 捉弄 (zhuōnòng)
* 損／损 (sǔn) (colloquial)
* 撩 (Hakka)
* 撚化 (nan$^2$ faa$^3$) (Cantonese)
* 撮弄 (cuōnòng) (literary)
* 擺弄／摆弄
* 消遣 (xiāoqiǎn)
* 湊趣／凑趣 (còuqù)
* 𤊶人 (Hakka)
* 玩 (colloquial)
* 玩弄
* 笑 (xiào)
* 笑話／笑话 (xiàohuà)
* 耍 (shuǎ)
* 耍弄 (shuǎnòng)
* 耍忽 (sua$^2$ huah$^4$) (Jin)
* 落八 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 見笑／见笑 (jiànxiào)
* 訕笑／讪笑 (shànxiào)
* 詼謔／诙谑 (huīxuè)
* 說風涼話／说风凉话 (shuō fēngliánghuà)
* 調笑／调笑 (tiáoxiào)
* 諦／谛 (dai$^3$) (Cantonese)
* 諷刺／讽刺 (fěngcì)
* 謔潲／谑潲 (Hokkien)
* 謔燒／谑烧 (Hokkien)
* 講笑／讲笑 (Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien)
* 講耍笑／讲耍笑 (Hokkien)
* 譏刺／讥刺 (jīcì)
* 譏嘲／讥嘲 (jīcháo)
* 譏笑／讥笑 (jīxiào)
* 譏誚／讥诮 (jīqiào) (literary)
* 譏諷／讥讽 (jīfěng)
* 變弄／变弄 (Hokkien)
* 𧮙 (Wu)
* 起鬨／起哄 (qǐhòng)
* 輕體／轻体 (Hokkien)
* 逗 (dòu)
* 逗弄
* 鄙笑 (Hokkien)
* 酸笑 (Hokkien)
* 鈍／钝 (Wu)
* 開心／开心 (kāixīn)
* 開涮／开涮 (kāishuàn) (colloquial)
* 開玩笑／开玩笑 (kāi wánxiào)
* 鬧玩笑／闹玩笑 (nào wánxiào)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 嘲 | 笑 |
| ちょう Grade: S | しょう Grade: 4 |
| goon | on'yomi |
* Alternative spelling
* 調笑 (rare)

### Etymology

/teuseu/ → */t͡ɕeuɕeu/ → /t͡ɕʲoːɕʲoː/ → /t͡ɕoːɕoː/
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 嘲笑 (MC traew sjewH). First attested in Japanese in a work from 1794.
Also analyzable as a shift in reading from the native-Japanese derived kun'yomi to the Chinese-derived on'yomi, of the largely homographic native Japanese synonyms 嘲(あざ)笑(わら)う (azawarau) or 嘲(あざけ)り笑(わら)う (azakeriwarau).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちょーしょー [chòóshóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡ɕo̞ːɕo̞ː]

### Noun

嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう) • (chōshō)
* [from 1794] a sneer
* [from 1794] ridicule

### Verb

嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう)する • (chōshō suru) transitive suru (stem 嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう)し (chōshō shi), past 嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう)した (chōshō shita))
* [from 1794] to sneer at something
* [from 1794] to ridicule something

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 嘲笑し | ちょうしょうし | chōshō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 嘲笑し | ちょうしょうし | chōshō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 嘲笑する | ちょうしょうする | chōshō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 嘲笑する | ちょうしょうする | chōshō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 嘲笑すれ | ちょうしょうすれ | chōshō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 嘲笑せよ¹ 嘲笑しろ² | ちょうしょうせよ¹ ちょうしょうしろ² | chōshō seyo¹ chōshō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 嘲笑される | ちょうしょうされる | chōshō sareru |
| Causative | 嘲笑させる 嘲笑さす | ちょうしょうさせる ちょうしょうさす | chōshō saseru chōshō sasu |
| Potential | 嘲笑できる | ちょうしょうできる | chōshō dekiru |
| Volitional | 嘲笑しよう | ちょうしょうしよう | chōshō shiyō |
| Negative | 嘲笑しない | ちょうしょうしない | chōshō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 嘲笑せず | ちょうしょうせず | chōshō sezu |
| Formal | 嘲笑します | ちょうしょうします | chōshō shimasu |
| Perfective | 嘲笑した | ちょうしょうした | chōshō shita |
| Conjunctive | 嘲笑して | ちょうしょうして | chōshō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 嘲笑すれば | ちょうしょうすれば | chōshō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Synonyms

* 嘲(あざ)笑(わら)う (azawarau)
* 嘲(あざけ)り笑(わら)う (azakeriwarau)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN