# 潮州
## Chinese

* 潮州 (消歧義) (Written Standard Chinese)
* 潮州 (Cantonese)
* Chhèu-chû-sṳ (Hakka)
* Dièu-ciŭ (Eastern Min)
* Tiô-chiu (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h) (Southern Min)
* 潮州 (Wu)

### Etymology

The name of a new prefecture formed in 591 CE from parts of the Xun Prefecture (循州). According to 元和郡縣圖志 [813], it was named for the tides that flow in and out.
Chaozhou, Taiwan is named after Chaozhou, Guangdong.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Cháozhōu
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄠˊ ㄓㄡ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ciu$^4$ zau$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ciau$^3$ ziu$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Chhèu-chû
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cau$^2$ zu$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Dièu-ciŭ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Tiô-chiu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): diê$^5$ ziu$^1$ / dio$^5$ ziu$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zau-tseu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Cháozhōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˊ ㄓㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Cháojhou
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻao$^2$-chou$^1$
*** Yale: Cháu-jōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chaurjou
*** Palladius: Чаочжоу (Čaočžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ciu$^4$ zau$^1$
*** Yale: chìuh jāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu$^4$ dzau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qiu$^4$ zeo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ciau$^3$ ziu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiau²² t͡siu³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chhèu-chû
*** Hakka Romanization System: ceu$^ˇ$ zu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ceu$^2$ zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰeu̯¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cau$^2$ zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰau¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Dièu-ciŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /tieu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒieu⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Longyan, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiô-chiu
*** Tâi-lô: Tiô-tsiu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dioiciw
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɤ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Penang): /tio²³⁻²¹ t͡siu³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tio²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Longyan): /tio¹¹ t͡siu³³⁴/
*** IPA (Singapore): /tio²⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tio²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: diê$^5$ ziu$^1$ / dio$^5$ ziu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiê tsiu / tiô tsiu
*** Sinological IPA : /tie⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/, /tio⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/
* diê5 ziu1 - Chaozhou;
* dio5 ziu1 - Shantou.
* Middle Chinese: drjew tsyuw
Rime :
| Character | 潮 | 州 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (92) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 直遙切 | 職流切 |
| Baxter | drjew | tsyuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠiᴇu/ | /t͡ɕɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖᵚiɛu/ | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiæu/ | /t͡ɕiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖiaw/ | /cuw/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡjɛu/ | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭɛu/ | /t͡ɕĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯ɛu/ | /t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cháo | zhōu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ciu$^4$ | zau$^1$ |

### Proper noun

潮州
* (～市) Chaozhou (a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China)
* (～鎮) Chaozhou (a township in Pingtung County, Taiwan)
* (～府) (historical) Chaozhou (a former imperial-era commandery of Guangdong, China); see also Chaoshan
    From: 《陳三五娘·因送哥嫂》
    [translit?] [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Derived terms

* 潮州人 (Cháozhōurén)
* 潮州佬煲粥——呢鑊杰 (ciu$^4$ zau$^1$ lou$^2$ bou$^1$ zuk$^1$, ni$^1$ wok$^6$ git$^6$) (Cantonese)
* 潮州話／潮州话 (cháozhōuhuà)
* 潮州音樂——自己顧自己／潮州音乐——自己顾自己 (Cantonese)
* 潮汕 (Cháoshàn)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 潮州(ちょうしゅう) (Chōshū)
* → Korean: 조주(潮州) (Joju)
* → Vietnamese: Triều Châu (潮州)
Other:
* → English: Chaozhou, Teochew, etc. (see both entries for more)
* → Indonesian: Tiociu
* → Khmer: ទាជីវ (tiəciiw)
* → Malay: Teochew, Toechew
* → Thai: แต้จิ๋ว (dtɛ̂ɛ-jǐu)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 潮 | 州 |
| ちょう Grade: 6 | しゅう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɕo̞ːɕɨː]

#### Proper noun

潮(ちょう)州(しゅう) • (Chōshū)
* Chaozhou (a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China)

##### Derived terms

* 潮(ちょう)州(しゅう)語(ご) (Chōshūgo)
* 潮(ちょう)州(しゅう)人(じん) (Chōshūjin)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 潮 | 州 |
| ちゃお Grade: 6 | ちょう Grade: 3 |
| irregular ||
Borrowed from Mandarin 潮州 (Cháozhōu).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɕa̠o̞t͡ɕo̞ː]

#### Proper noun

潮州(チャオチョウ) • (Chaochō)
* Chaozhou (a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 潮 | 州 |

### Proper noun

潮州 • (Joju) (hangeul 조주)
* hanja form of 조주 (“Chaozhou”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 潮 | 州 |

### Proper noun

潮州
* chữ Hán form of Triều Châu (“Chaozhou”).