# 大將軍
## Chinese

* 大將軍

### Etymology

An official position which came into being during the Warring States Period, and reached the zenith of its influence during the Han dynasty. At first, the person in this position was the supreme military commander (modern equivalent ~ Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff). During the later half of the Han dynasty, he also took over the day to day executive affairs of government (modern equivalent ~ Hideki Tojo). During the Three Kingdoms period, the position again became military-related (modern equivalent ~ United States Secretary of Defense).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dàjiāngjūn
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄐㄩㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daai$^6$ zoeng$^1$ gwan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàjiāngjūn → dàjiāngjun (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄐㄩㄣ → ㄉㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ˙ㄐㄩㄣ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàjiangjyůn
*** Wade–Giles: ta$^4$-chiang$^1$-chün$^5$
*** Yale: dà-jyāng-jyun
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dahjiang.jiun
*** Palladius: дацзянцзюнь (daczjanczjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/ → /tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daai$^6$ zoeng$^1$ gwan$^1$
*** Yale: daaih jēung gwān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daai$^6$ dzoeng$^1$ gwan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dai$^6$ zêng$^1$ guen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːi̯²² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dajH|daH tsjang kjun
Rime :
| Character | 大 | 大 | 將 | 軍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 定 (7) | 精 (13) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (25) | 歌 (94) | 陽 (105) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I | III | III |
| Fanqie | 徒蓋切 | 唐佐切 | 即良切 | 舉云切 |
| Baxter | dajH | daH | tsjang | kjun |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /t͡sɨɐŋ/ | /kɨun/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /t͡siɐŋ/ | /kiun/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /t͡siɑŋ/ | /kiuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daj$^H$/ | /da$^H$/ | /t͡sɨaŋ/ | /kun/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /t͡siaŋ/ | /kiuən/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /t͡sĭaŋ/ | /kĭuən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱɑi$^H$/ | /dʱɑ$^H$/ | /t͡si̯aŋ/ | /ki̯uən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dài | duò | jiāng | jūn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daai$^6$ | do$^6$ | zoeng$^1$ | gwan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤat-s|lˤa[t]-s [ts]aŋ [k]ʷər/
    (Zhengzhang): /*daːds ʔsaŋ kun/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 大 | 大 | 將 | 軍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dà | dà | jiāng | jūn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ da$^H$ › | ‹ daj$^H$ › | ‹ tsjang › | ‹ kjun › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁat-s/ (MC F!) | /*lˁa[t]-s/ | /*[ts]aŋ/ | /*[k]ʷər/ |
| English | big | big | bring | army; camp |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 大 | 大 | 將 | 軍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1934 | 1939 | 10286 | 7333 |
| Phonetic component | 大 | 大 | 爿 | 軍 |
| Rime group | 祭 | 祭 | 陽 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 䭾 | 大 | 將 | 君 |
| Old Chinese | /*daːds/ | /*daːds/ | /*ʔsaŋ/ | /*kun/ |

### Noun

大將軍
* (archaic) supreme general; commander in chief

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 大(たい)将(しょう)軍(ぐん) (taishōgun)
(Others)
* → Tocharian B: taittsyāṅkuṃ

### References

* Hara, Yōhei (2003) 圖解三國時代, p. 251 (in Mandarin), →ISBN

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 將 | 軍 |
| たい Grade: 1 | しょう Jinmeiyō | ぐん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi |||
For pronunciation and definitions of 大將軍 – see the following entry. :
| 【大将軍たいしょうぐん】 | [noun] (military, historical) a commander in chief, especially: [noun] under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, a commander of three lesser 将軍 (shōgun) each commanding 3000 soldiers [from Asuka to Nara period] [noun] a commander of an expeditionary force with the task of subduing rebels against the imperial court or barbarians [from Nara to Heian period] [noun] a commanding officer of the imperial court leading a group of samurai from relating or dependent families [since the end of the Heian period] [noun] a shogun [since the Kamakura period] [noun] the head of a samurai family or other warrior class [noun] the leader of a faction, cabal, , or other group of conspirators [noun] (cosmology) in Onmyodo, one of the eight gods of the 暦 (koyomi, “almanac”) |
(This term, 大將軍, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :