OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 瓭

| 瓭 | U+74ED, &#29933; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-74ED |
| ← 瓬 [U+74EC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瓮 → [U+74EE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

瓭 (Kangxi radical 98, 瓦+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 中山一女弓 (LUMVN), composition ⿰冘瓦)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 748, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21458
* Dae Jaweon: page 1157, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1423, character 5
* Unihan data for U+74ED

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 冘 | *lu, *lum |
| 抌 | *lu, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *loʔ |
| 狖 | *lus |
| 貁 | *lus |
| 耽 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 眈 | *ʔl'uːm, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *l'uːm |
| 酖 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 妉 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 黕 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 衴 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 瓭 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 馾 | *ʔl'uːms |
| 髧 | *l'uːmʔ |
| 紞 | *ʔl'oːmʔ |
| 鈂 | *zlum, *l'um |
| 沈 | *l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ |
| 沉 | *l'um |
| 枕 | *l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums |
| 莐 | *l'um |
| 霃 | *l'um |
| 鴆 | *l'ums |
| 訦 | *ɦljum, *ɦljumʔ |
| 忱 | *ɦljum |
| 邥 | *hljumʔ |
| 魫 | *hljumʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dǎn (dan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dǎn
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^3$
*** Yale: dǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daan
*** Palladius: дань (danʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tän²¹⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tomX
Rime :
| Character | 瓭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 都感切 |
| Baxter | tomX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʌm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /təm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɒm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /təm$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /tᴀm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /tɒm$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tăm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daam$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'uːmʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瓭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15248 |
| Phonetic component | 冘 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 黕 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔl'uːmʔ/ |

### Definitions

瓭
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
# 烏樒
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 烏 | 樒 |
| からす Jinmeiyō | しきみ Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi ||

### Etymology

Literally, “crow star anise”, 烏(からす) (karasu, “crow, raven”) + 樒(しきみ) (shikimi, “Japanese star anise”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠ɾa̠sɨɕikʲimʲi]

### Noun

烏(からす)樒(しきみ) or 烏樒(カラスシキミ) • (karasushikimi)
* Daphne miyabeana, a species of daphne

#### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).
# 烏梨師斂
## Chinese

| | | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic |
| trad. (烏梨師斂) | trad. (烏梨師斂) | 烏 | 梨 | 師 | 斂 |
| simp. (乌梨师敛) | simp. (乌梨师敛) | 乌 | 梨 | 师 | 敛 |

### Etymology

From Classical Syriac ܐܘܪܫܠܡ (ʾō(e)ršlem).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Wūlíshīliǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄨ ㄌㄧˊ ㄕ ㄌㄧㄢˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Wūlíshīliǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨ ㄌㄧˊ ㄕ ㄌㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Wulíshihliǎn
*** Wade–Giles: Wu$^1$-li$^2$-shih$^1$-lien$^3$
*** Yale: Wū-lí-shr̄-lyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ulishylean
*** Palladius: Улишилянь (Ulišiljanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /u⁵⁵ li³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ li̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Middle Chinese: 'u lij srij ljemX
Rime :
| Character | 烏 | 梨 | 師 | 斂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 來 (37) | 生 (21) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 脂 (15) | 脂 (17) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 哀都切 | 力脂切 | 疏夷切 | 良冉切 |
| Baxter | 'u | lij | srij | ljemX |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔuo/ | /liɪ/ | /ʃˠiɪ/ | /liᴇm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔuo/ | /li/ | /ʃᵚi/ | /liɛm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔo/ | /ljɪ/ | /ʃiɪ/ | /ljæm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɔ/ | /li/ | /ʂji/ | /liam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔo/ | /li/ | /ʃji/ | /liɛm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /u/ | /li/ | /ʃi/ | /lĭɛm$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔuo/ | /li/ | /ʂi/ | /li̯ɛm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wū | lí | shī | liǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wu$^1$ | lei$^4$ | si$^1$ | lim$^5$ |

### Proper noun

烏梨師斂
* (Church of the East, historical) Jerusalem

#### Synonyms

| Branch | Words |
| Protestant | 耶路撒冷 |
| Roman Catholic | 耶路撒冷 |
| Eastern Orthodox | 耶路撒冷 |
| Church of the East | 烏梨師斂 |
# 特护
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 特护 – see 特護 (“to give special nursing care; special duty nurse”). (This term is the simplified form of 特護).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 生于忧患，死于安乐
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 生于忧患，死于安乐 – see 生於憂患，死於安樂 (“Life springs from sorrow and calamity; death comes from ease and pleasure.”). (This term is the simplified form of 生於憂患，死於安樂).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 理療師
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lǐliáoshī
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄕ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lei$^5$ liu$^4$ si$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǐliáoshī
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄕ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lǐliáoshih
*** Wade–Giles: li$^3$-liao$^2$-shih$^1$
*** Yale: lǐ-lyáu-shr̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liiliaushy
*** Palladius: лиляоши (liljaoši)
*** Sinological IPA : /li²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lei$^5$ liu$^4$ si$^1$
*** Yale: léih lìuh sī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lei$^5$ liu$^4$ si$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: léi$^5$ liu$^4$ xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /lei̯¹³ liːu̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

### Noun

理療師
* Short for 物理治療師／物理治疗师 (wùlǐ zhìliáoshī, “physiotherapist”).
# 煤老闆
## Chinese

| | | coal | shop owner; business proprietor; bossshop owner; business proprietor; boss; chief |
| trad. (煤老闆/煤老板) | trad. (煤老闆/煤老板) | 煤 | 老闆/老板 |
| simp. (煤老板) | simp. (煤老板) | 煤 | 老板 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): méilǎobǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄟˊ ㄌㄠˇ ㄅㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mui$^4$ lou$^5$ baan$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: méilǎobǎn [Phonetic: méiláobǎn]
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ㄌㄠˇ ㄅㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: méilǎobǎn
*** Wade–Giles: mei$^2$-lao$^3$-pan$^3$
*** Yale: méi-lǎu-bǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meilaobaan
*** Palladius: мэйлаобань (mɛjlaobanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /meɪ̯³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mui$^4$ lou$^5$ baan$^2$
*** Yale: mùih lóuh báan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mui$^4$ lou$^5$ baan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mui$^4$ lou$^5$ ban$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /muːi̯²¹ lou̯¹³ paːn³⁵/

### Noun

煤老闆
* owner of a coal mine; coal tycoon
# 煤矿
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 煤矿 – see 煤礦 (“coalmine”). (This term is the simplified form of 煤礦).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 煤砖
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 煤砖 – see 煤磚 (“brick-shaped briquette”). (This term is the simplified form of 煤磚).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 煤袋
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): méidài
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄟˊ ㄉㄞˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: méidài
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ㄉㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: méidài
*** Wade–Giles: mei$^2$-tai$^4$
*** Yale: méi-dài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meiday
*** Palladius: мэйдай (mɛjdaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /meɪ̯³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

### Noun

煤袋
* coal sack
# 瘧師
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 瘧 | 師 |
| ぎゃく Hyōgai | し Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Proper noun

瘧(ぎゃく)師(し) • (Gyakushi)
* a surname
# 猫食
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 猫食 – see 貓食 (“cat food”). (This term is the simplified form of 貓食).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 王笏
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 王 | 笏 |
| おう Grade: 1 | しゃく Hyōgai |
| jūbakoyomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞ːɕa̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

王(おう)笏(しゃく) • (ōshaku)
* sceptre

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 王 | 笏 |

### Noun

王笏 • (wanghol) (hangeul 왕홀)
* hanja form of 왕홀 (“sceptre”)
# 獻酒
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiànjiǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiànjiǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siànjiǒu
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^4$-chiu$^3$
*** Yale: syàn-jyǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiannjeou
*** Palladius: сяньцзю (sjanʹczju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Verb

獻酒
* (archaic) to propose a toast; to toast

#### Synonyms

* 敬酒 (jìngjiǔ)
* 進酒／进酒 (jìnjiǔ)
# 發散性
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fāsànxìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚ ㄙㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fāsànxìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄚ ㄙㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fasànsìng
*** Wade–Giles: fa$^1$-san$^4$-hsing$^4$
*** Yale: fā-sàn-syìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fasannshinq
*** Palladius: фасаньсин (fasanʹsin)
*** Sinological IPA : /fä⁵⁵ sän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

### Noun

發散性
* divergence
    發散性思維／发散性思维 ― fāsànxìng sīwéi ― divergent thinking
* (mathematics) divergence (of a sequence, the state of not approaching a limit)
    Antonym: 收斂性／收敛性 (shōuliǎnxìng)
# 發文
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fāwén
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚ ㄨㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faat$^3$ man$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hoat-bûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huag$^4$ bhung$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fāwén
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄚ ㄨㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fawún
*** Wade–Giles: fa$^1$-wên$^2$
*** Yale: fā-wén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fawen
*** Palladius: фавэнь (favɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fä⁵⁵ wən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faat$^3$ man$^4$
*** Yale: faat màhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faat$^8$ man$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fad$^3$ men$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːt̚³ mɐn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoat-bûn
*** Tâi-lô: huat-bûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoatbuun
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ bun²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ bun²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /huat̚³²⁻⁵ bun¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huag$^4$ bhung$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huak bûng
*** Sinological IPA : /huak̚²⁻⁴ buŋ⁵⁵/

### Verb

發文
* to issue a document
* to post an article online

### Noun

發文
* outgoing messages; issued document
# 甘油醛
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gānyóuquán
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ ㄧㄡˊ ㄑㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^1$ jau$^4$ cyun$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gānyóuquán
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ ㄧㄡˊ ㄑㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ganyóucyuán
*** Wade–Giles: kan$^1$-yu$^2$-chʻüan$^2$
*** Yale: gān-yóu-chywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganyouchyuan
*** Palladius: ганьюцюань (ganʹjucjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kän⁵⁵ joʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^1$ jau$^4$ cyun$^4$
*** Yale: gām yàuh chyùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^1$ jau$^4$ tsyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^1$ yeo$^4$ qun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm⁵⁵ jɐu̯²¹ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

### Noun

甘油醛
* (biochemistry) glyceraldehyde
# 甘油磷脂
## Chinese

| | | glycerine | phospholipid |
| trad. (甘油磷脂) | trad. (甘油磷脂) | 甘油 | 磷脂 |
| simp. $^#$(甘油磷脂) | simp. $^#$(甘油磷脂) | 甘油 | 磷脂 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gānyóulínzhī
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ ㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄓ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^1$ jau$^4$ leon$^4$ zi$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gānyóulínzhī
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ ㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄓ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ganyóulínjhih
*** Wade–Giles: kan$^1$-yu$^2$-lin$^2$-chih$^1$
*** Yale: gān-yóu-lín-jr̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganyoulinjy
*** Palladius: ганьюлиньчжи (ganʹjulinʹčži)
*** Sinological IPA : /kän⁵⁵ joʊ̯³⁵ lin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^1$ jau$^4$ leon$^4$ zi$^1$
*** Yale: gām yàuh lèuhn jī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^1$ jau$^4$ loen$^4$ dzi$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^1$ yeo$^4$ lên$^4$ ji$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm⁵⁵ jɐu̯²¹ lɵn²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/

### Noun

甘油磷脂
* (biochemistry) glycerophospholipid
# 甘油三酯
## Chinese

| | | glycerine | three | ester |
| trad. (甘油三酯) | trad. (甘油三酯) | 甘油 | 三 | 酯 |
| simp. $^#$(甘油三酯) | simp. $^#$(甘油三酯) | 甘油 | 三 | 酯 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gānyóu sānzhǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ ㄧㄡˊ ㄙㄢ ㄓˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^1$ jau$^4$ saam$^1$ zi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gānyóu sānzhǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ ㄧㄡˊ ㄙㄢ ㄓˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ganyóu sanjhǐh
*** Wade–Giles: kan$^1$-yu$^2$ san$^1$-chih$^3$
*** Yale: gān-yóu sān-jř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganyou sanjyy
*** Palladius: ганью саньчжи (ganʹju sanʹčži)
*** Sinological IPA : /kän⁵⁵ joʊ̯³⁵ sän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^1$ jau$^4$ saam$^1$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: gām yàuh sāam jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^1$ jau$^4$ saam$^1$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^1$ yeo$^4$ sam$^1$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm⁵⁵ jɐu̯²¹ saːm⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

### Noun

甘油三酯
* (organic chemistry, biochemistry) triglyceride

#### Synonyms

* 甘油三酸酯 (gānyóu sānsuānzhǐ)
# 瓦格纳
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 瓦格纳 – see 瓦格納. (This term is the simplified form of 瓦格納).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 瓦格納花燭
## Chinese

| | | Wagner | anthurium |
| trad. (瓦格納花燭) | trad. (瓦格納花燭) | 瓦格納 | 花燭 |
| simp. (瓦格纳花烛) | simp. (瓦格纳花烛) | 瓦格纳 | 花烛 |
| Literally: “Wagner's anthurium”. ||||

### Etymology

Calque of translingual Anthurium wagenerianum.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Wǎgénà huāzhú
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄚˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄋㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄓㄨˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Wǎgénà huāzhú
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄚˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄋㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄓㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Wǎgénà huajhú
*** Wade–Giles: Wa$^3$-ko$^2$-na$^4$ hua$^1$-chu$^2$
*** Yale: Wǎ-gé-nà hwā-jú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Woagernah huajwu
*** Palladius: Вагэна хуачжу (Vagɛna xuačžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ nä⁵¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

### Noun

瓦格納花燭
* Anthurium wagenerianum
# 瓦楞
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wǎléng
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄚˇ ㄌㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaa$^5$ ling$^4$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): hia$^6$ lêng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǎléng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄚˇ ㄌㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǎléng
*** Wade–Giles: wa$^3$-lêng$^2$
*** Yale: wǎ-léng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woaleng
*** Palladius: валэн (valɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngaa$^5$ ling$^4$
*** Yale: ngáh lìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa$^5$ ling$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nga$^5$ ling$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaː¹³ lɪŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hia$^6$ lêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiă lêng
*** Sinological IPA : /hia³⁵⁻¹¹ leŋ⁵⁵/

### Noun

瓦楞
* rows of tiles on a roof; corrugated tile

#### Synonyms

* 瓦壟／瓦垄 (wǎlǒng)
* (Cantonese, Hakka) 瓦坑
# 白黒
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 白 | 黒 |
| しろ Grade: 1 | くろ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 白黑 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕiɾo̞kɯ̟ɾo̞]

### Noun

白(しろ)黒(くろ) • (shirokuro)
* black and white; monochrome
    白黒(しろくろ)テレビ
       shirokuro terebi
       black-and-white television
* right and wrong; good and evil

#### Synonyms

* (monochrome): モノクローム (monokurōmu), モノクロ (monokuro)

#### Derived terms

* 目(め)を白黒(しろくろ)させる (me o shirokuro saseru)
* 白黒(しろくろ)をつける (shirokuro o tsukeru)
# 白鼬
## Chinese

* 白鼬

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): báiyòu
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˊ ㄧㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baak$^6$ jau$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: báiyòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ ㄧㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: báiyòu
*** Wade–Giles: pai$^2$-yu$^4$
*** Yale: bái-yòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bairyow
*** Palladius: байю (bajju)
*** Sinological IPA : /paɪ̯³⁵ joʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baak$^6$ jau$^6$
*** Yale: baahk yauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baak$^9$ jau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bag$^6$ yeo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːk̚² jɐu̯²²/

### Noun

白鼬
* stoat (Mustela erminea)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 白 | 鼬 |
| しろ Grade: 1 | いたち Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi ||

### Noun

白(しろ)鼬(いたち) • (shiroitachi)
* ferret
# 礼乐
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 礼乐 – see 禮樂 (“rites and music”). (This term is the simplified form of 禮樂).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 礼仪
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 礼仪 – see 禮儀 (“ceremony; etiquette; rituals; rites; protocol; decorum”). (This term is the simplified form of 禮儀).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 癌變
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): áibiàn, yánbiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄞˊ ㄅㄧㄢˋ, ㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaam$^4$ bin$^3$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ngam$^5$ biang$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: áibiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄞˊ ㄅㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: áibiàn
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^2$-pien$^4$
*** Yale: ái-byàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: airbiann
*** Palladius: айбянь (ajbjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yánbiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yánbiàn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^2$-pien$^4$
*** Yale: yán-byàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanbiann
*** Palladius: яньбянь (janʹbjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngaam$^4$ bin$^3$
*** Yale: ngàahm bin
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngaam$^4$ bin$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngam$^4$ bin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaːm²¹ piːn³³/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngam$^5$ biang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngâm piàng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ piaŋ²¹³/

### Noun

癌變
* (medicine) carcinogenesis; cancerization
# 癌细胞
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 癌细胞 – see 癌細胞 (“cancer cell”). (This term is the simplified form of 癌細胞).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 神さぶ
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

By surface analysis, 神(かむ) (kamu, “god”, bound form of 神(かみ) (kami)) + さぶ (-sabu, suffix forming upper-bigrade–conjugating verbs).
Kansabu is an alteration of kamusabu.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠mɯ̟sa̠bɯ̟]
* IPA: [kã̠ɰ̃sa̠bɯ̟]

#### Verb

神(かむ)さぶ or 神(かん)さぶ • (kamusabu or kansabu) intransitive $^†$nidan (Classical Japanese)
* to appear divine; to conduct oneself with sublimity
* to appear old, hermitic; to give off an air of old age
* (inanimate) to age, to be aged
    Synonym: 古びる (furubiru)

##### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 神さび | かむさび | kamusabi |
| Continuative (連用形) | 神さび | かむさび | kamusabi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 神さぶ | かむさぶ | kamusabu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 神さぶる | かむさぶる | kamusaburu |
| Realis (已然形) | 神さぶれ | かむさぶれ | kamusabure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 神さびよ | かむさびよ | kamusabiyo |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 神さびず | かむさびず | kamusabizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 神さぶれど | かむさぶれど | kamusaburedo |
| Causal conjunction | 神さぶれば | かむさぶれば | kamusabureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 神さびば | かむさびば | kamusabiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 神さびき | かむさびき | kamusabiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 神さびけり | かむさびけり | kamusabikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 神さびつ | かむさびつ | kamusabitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 神さびぬ | かむさびぬ | kamusabinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 神さびたり | かむさびたり | kamusabitari |
| Volitional | 神さびむ | かむさびむ | kamusabimu |

### Etymology 2

By surface analysis, 神(かみ) (kami, “god”) + さぶ (-sabu, suffix forming upper-bigrade–conjugating verbs). May be an alteration of kamusabu above, or developed independently.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠mʲisa̠bɯ̟]

#### Verb

神(かみ)さぶ • (kamisabu) intransitive $^†$nidan
* to appear divine; to conduct oneself with sublimity
* to appear old, hermitic; to give off an air of old age
* (inanimate) to age, to be aged
    Synonym: 古びる (furubiru)

##### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 神さび | かみさび | kamisabi |
| Continuative (連用形) | 神さび | かみさび | kamisabi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 神さぶ | かみさぶ | kamisabu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 神さぶる | かみさぶる | kamisaburu |
| Realis (已然形) | 神さぶれ | かみさぶれ | kamisabure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 神さびよ | かみさびよ | kamisabiyo |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 神さびず | かみさびず | kamisabizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 神さぶれど | かみさぶれど | kamisaburedo |
| Causal conjunction | 神さぶれば | かみさぶれば | kamisabureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 神さびば | かみさびば | kamisabiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 神さびき | かみさびき | kamisabiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 神さびけり | かみさびけり | kamisabikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 神さびつ | かみさびつ | kamisabitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 神さびぬ | かみさびぬ | kamisabinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 神さびたり | かみさびたり | kamisabitari |
| Volitional | 神さびむ | かみさびむ | kamisabimu |

### Synonyms

* (Modern Japanese) 神(かみ)さびる (kamisabiru), 神(かむ)さびる (kamusabiru)
# 盾构机
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 盾构机 – see 盾構機 (“tunnel boring machine”). (This term is the simplified form of 盾構機).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 皮皮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phî-phî
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phî-phî
*** Tâi-lô: phî-phî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phiphii
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰi²³⁻³³ pʰi²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰi²⁴/

#### Adjective

皮皮
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) shameless; not caring about what others think

##### Synonyms

* 厚臉皮／厚脸皮 (hòu liǎnpí)
* 不介意 (bù jièyì)
* 不在乎 (bù zàihu)

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phê-phê / phê-phê / phôe-phôe
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phê-phê
*** Tâi-lô: phê-phê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phephee
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰe²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰe²⁴⁻²² pʰe²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phê-phê
*** Tâi-lô: phê-phê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phephee
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰe²⁴⁻²² pʰe²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phôe-phôe
*** Tâi-lô: phuê-phuê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoephoee
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰue²³⁻³³ pʰue²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰue¹³⁻²² pʰue¹³/

#### Adjective

皮皮
* (Hokkien) (～仔) skin-deep; superficial
       phê-phê-á chai [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       to know something vaguely

##### Synonyms

* 泛泛 (fànfàn)

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pi$^2$ pi$^{2-1}$
* Mandarin
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: pi$^2$ pi$^{2-1}$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pi pi
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi²¹ pʰi²¹⁻⁵⁵/

#### Noun

皮皮
* (Sichuanese) skin

### References

* “Entry #1881”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “皮皮仔”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎, volume 2 (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 780
* 周长楫 [Zhou, Changji], editor (2006), “皮皮仔”, in 闽南方言大词典 MINNAN FANGYAN DA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Southern Min dialects] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Fuzhou: 福建人民出版社 [Fujian People's Publishing House], →ISBN, page 156.