# թեշի
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* թէշի (tʻēši) — traditional orthography, dialectological notation
* թեշիկ (tʻešik) — Akhaltsikhe, Erzurum

### Etymology

An Iranian, probably Kurdish borrowing: compare Northern Kurdish teşî, Central Kurdish تەشی (teşî), تەشوو (teşû), Southern Kurdish تەشی (teşî), Laki تەشی (teşî), تەشۊنِک (teşünik, “spindle”). Also from Kurdish: Hulaulá taši (“hand-spindle”), Chaldean Neo-Aramaic ܬܲܫܝܼܵܐ (taššiya, “spindle”), Lishán Didán taši, tašši (“distaff”). Dialectal Turkish terşi, teşi, teşik, tişe (“apparatus for skeining wool”), dialectal Azerbaijani teşi (“spindle”) are usually considered Armenian borrowings. The Kurdish too is often treated as an Armenian loan, but the opposite direction of borrowing is more likely because թեշի(կ) (tʻeši(k)) is not attested in Old or Middle Armenian and is limited to a few dialects, while the Kurdish is present in Central and Southern varieties and has a plausible native etymology (see below).
Ultimately probably from Proto-Iranian *častra- (“spindle”), whence also Munji čašīkȧ, čéša, Yidgha [script needed] (čɛšo), Pashto څاښی (śāẍay), څاشی (śāšay), Yagnobi ташк (tašk), Ormuri [script needed] (tisk, “spindle”), Shahrudi taši, teši (“twister, spindle”). Note that the *č- → t- dissimilation is regular in Kurdish.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /tʰeˈʃi/, [tʰeʃí]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /teˈʃi/, [tʰeʃí]
* Hyphenation: թե‧շի

### Noun

թեշի • (tʻeši)
* (dialectal, Ararat, Nor Bayazet, Khoy) spindle
    Synonym: իլիկ (ilik)

#### Declension

u-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian) :
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | թեշի (tʻeši) | թեշիներ (tʻešiner) |
| dative | թեշու (tʻešu) | թեշիների (tʻešineri) |
| ablative | թեշուց (tʻešucʻ) | թեշիներից (tʻešinericʻ) |
| instrumental | թեշով, թեշիով (tʻešov, tʻešiov) | թեշիներով (tʻešinerov) |
| locative | թեշում, թեշիում (tʻešum, tʻešium) | թեշիներում (tʻešinerum) |
| | definite forms | definite forms |
| nominative | թեշին (tʻešin) | թեշիները/թեշիներն (tʻešinerə/tʻešinern) |
| dative | թեշուն (tʻešun) | թեշիներին (tʻešinerin) |
| | 1st person possessive forms (my) | 1st person possessive forms (my) |
| nominative | թեշիս (tʻešis) | թեշիներս (tʻešiners) |
| dative | թեշուս (tʻešus) | թեշիներիս (tʻešineris) |
| ablative | թեշուցս (tʻešucʻs) | թեշիներիցս (tʻešinericʻs) |
| instrumental | թեշովս, թեշիովս (tʻešovs, tʻešiovs) | թեշիներովս (tʻešinerovs) |
| locative | թեշումս, թեշիումս (tʻešums, tʻešiums) | թեշիներումս (tʻešinerums) |
| | 2nd person possessive forms (your) | 2nd person possessive forms (your) |
| nominative | թեշիդ (tʻešid) | թեշիներդ (tʻešinerd) |
| dative | թեշուդ (tʻešud) | թեշիներիդ (tʻešinerid) |
| ablative | թեշուցդ (tʻešucʻd) | թեշիներիցդ (tʻešinericʻd) |
| instrumental | թեշովդ, թեշիովդ (tʻešovd, tʻešiovd) | թեշիներովդ (tʻešinerovd) |
| locative | թեշումդ, թեշիումդ (tʻešumd, tʻešiumd) | թեշիներումդ (tʻešinerumd) |

### References

* ↑ Khan, Geoffrey (2004) The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Sulemaniyya and Ḥalabja (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 44), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 615b
* ↑ Khan, Geoffrey (2009) The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Sanandaj (Gorgias Neo-Aramaic Studies; 10), Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 182, 615
* ↑ Coghill, Eleanor (2003) The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Alqosh (PhD thesis)‎, University of Cambridge, page 222
* ↑ “ܬܫܝܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, 2019 May 12 (last accessed)
* ↑ Garbell, Irene (1965) The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Persian Azerbaijan (Janua Linguarum. Series Practica; 3), London, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co., page 336
* ↑ Khan, Geoffrey (2008) The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Urmi (Gorgias Neo-Aramaic Studies; 2), Gorgias Press, page 599
* ↑ Gayayan, Harutʻyun (1977) “Gorgagorcutʻyan meǰ kiraṙvoġ hayeren pʻoxaṙyal baṙer tʻurkʻerenum [Armenian Borrowings in Turkish, Used in Carpet Making]”, in Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri [Herald of the Social Sciences]‎ (in Armenian), number 8, pages 97–98
* 1 2 Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 47–48
* ↑ Bläsing, Uwe (1995) Armenisch-Türkisch. Etymologische Betrachtungen ausgehend von Materialien aus dem Hemşingebiet (Dutch Studies in Armenian Language and Literature; 4) (in German), Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 45
* ↑ Eren, Hasan (1999) “teşi, teşik”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 405
* ↑ Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 384–385
* ↑ Андреев, М. С., Пещерева, Е. М. (1957) “tašk”, in Ягнобские тексты с приложением ягнобско-русского словаря, составленного М. С. Андреевым, В. А. Лившицем и А. К. Писарчи [Yagnobi Texts with a Yagnobi–Russian Dictionary Compiled by M. S. Andrejev, V. A. Livšic and A. K. Pisarči]‎ (in Russian), Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 333a
* ↑ Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Yidgha-Munji, Sanglechi-Ishkashmi and Wakhi) (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co., page 204a
* ↑ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 253–254
* ↑ Hassandoust, Mohammad (2002/2003) Bahman Sarkarati, editor, Farhang-e riše-šenâxti-ye zabân-e Farsi [An Etymological Dictionary of the Persian Language] (in Persian), volume I: Â-B, Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature, →ISBN, pages 497–498
* ↑ Asatrian, G., Livshits, V. (1994) “Origine du système consonantique de la langue kurde”, in Acta Kurdica, volume 1, page 89 of 81–108

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1913) “թեշի”, in Hayerēn gawaṙakan baṙaran [Armenian Provincial Dictionary] (Ēminean azgagrakan žoġovacu; 9) (in Armenian), Tiflis: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 357b
* Amatuni, Sahak (1912) “առիջկան”, in Hayocʻ baṙ u ban [Armenian Words and Idioms] (in Armenian), Vagharshapat: Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, page 57a
* Chyet, Michael L. (2003) “tevşo”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary‎, with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 611b
* Jaba, Auguste, Justi, Ferdinand (1879) Dictionnaire Kurde-Français [Kurdish–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 100b
* Nawasardeancʻ, Tigran (1903) “թէշի”, in Baṙgirkʻ Araratean barbaṙi [Dictionary of Ararat Dialect] (in Armenian), Tiflis: Movsēs Vardaneancʻ Press, page 41a
* Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2002), “թեշի”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume II, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 100a