# 前進
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiánjìn
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cin$^4$ zeon$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhièn-chin
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiân-chìn / chêng-chìn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zoin$^5$ zing$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiánjìn
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciánjìn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^2$-chin$^4$
*** Yale: chyán-jìn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyanjinn
*** Palladius: цяньцзинь (cjanʹczinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$前進／前进 淺近／浅近
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cin$^4$ zeon$^3$
*** Yale: chìhn jeun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsin$^4$ dzoen$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qin$^4$ zên$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sɵn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhièn-chin
*** Hakka Romanization System: qien$^ˇ$ jin
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qian$^2$ jin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯en¹¹ t͡sin⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiân-chìn
*** Tâi-lô: tsiân-tsìn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciencixn
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² t͡sin²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sin²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sin¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ t͡sin²¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chêng-chìn
*** Tâi-lô: tsîng-tsìn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zengcixn
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sin²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sin¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zoin$^5$ zing$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsôiⁿ tsìng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siŋ²¹³/

### Verb

前進
* to advance; to go forward
* to progress; to improve
* (saber fencing) to march

#### Synonyms

* (to advance):
* 上前 (shàngqián)
* 往前走 (wǎng qián zǒu)
* 行進／行进 (xíngjìn)
* 行駛／行驶 (xíngshǐ)
* 躍進／跃进 (yuèjìn)
* 進前／进前 (jìnqián) (literary)
* 進行／进行 (jìnxíng)
* (to progress):
* 健全 (jiànquán)
* 出息 (colloquial)
* 完善 (wánshàn)
* 提升 (tíshēng)
* 提懸／提悬 (Min Nan)
* 提高 (tígāo)
* 改善 (gǎishàn)
* 改良 (gǎiliáng)
* 改進／改进 (gǎijìn)
* 躍進／跃进 (yuèjìn)
* 進展／进展 (jìnzhǎn)
* 進步／进步 (jìnbù)

### Proper noun

前進
* (～街道) Qianjin (a subdistrict of Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)
* (～村) Qianjin (a village in Gaocheng, Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)
* (～村) (historical) Qianjin (a village in Liushuquan, Fengnan district, Tangshan, Hebei, China)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 前 | 進 |
| ぜん Grade: 2 | しん Grade: 3 |
| goon | on'yomi |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぜんしん [zèńshíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡zẽ̞ɰ̃ɕĩɴ]

### Noun

前(ぜん)進(しん) • (zenshin)
* advance, advancement, progress

#### Antonyms

* 後退(こうたい) (kōtai, “regress”)

### Verb

前(ぜん)進(しん)する • (zenshin suru) suru (stem 前(ぜん)進(しん)し (zenshin shi), past 前(ぜん)進(しん)した (zenshin shita))
* to advance, to progress

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 前進し | ぜんしんし | zenshin shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 前進し | ぜんしんし | zenshin shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 前進する | ぜんしんする | zenshin suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 前進する | ぜんしんする | zenshin suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 前進すれ | ぜんしんすれ | zenshin sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 前進せよ¹ 前進しろ² | ぜんしんせよ¹ ぜんしんしろ² | zenshin seyo¹ zenshin shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 前進される | ぜんしんされる | zenshin sareru |
| Causative | 前進させる 前進さす | ぜんしんさせる ぜんしんさす | zenshin saseru zenshin sasu |
| Potential | 前進できる | ぜんしんできる | zenshin dekiru |
| Volitional | 前進しよう | ぜんしんしよう | zenshin shiyō |
| Negative | 前進しない | ぜんしんしない | zenshin shinai |
| Negative continuative | 前進せず | ぜんしんせず | zenshin sezu |
| Formal | 前進します | ぜんしんします | zenshin shimasu |
| Perfective | 前進した | ぜんしんした | zenshin shita |
| Conjunctive | 前進して | ぜんしんして | zenshin shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 前進すれば | ぜんしんすれば | zenshin sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 前 | 進 |

### Noun

前進 • (jeonjin) (hangeul 전진)
* hanja form of 전진 (“advance”)