# 蒙古
## Chinese

* 蒙古 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 蒙古 (Cantonese)
* 蒙古 (Classical)
* 蒙古 (Gan)
* Mùng-kú (Hakka)
* Mùng-gū (Eastern Min)
* Bông-kó͘ (Southern Min)
* 蒙古 (Wu)

### Alternative forms

* 蒙兀, 萌古

### Etymology

Borrowed from Jurchen [Term?] (/⁠*moŋgu⁠/, “Mongol”) with loss of foreign final -l, from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠤᠯ (mwnkɣwɽ /⁠moŋqol⁠/, “Mongol”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): Měnggǔ, Ménggǔ
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˇ ㄍㄨˇ, ㄇㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): Мынгў (Mɨngw, I-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mung$^4$ gu$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): muung$^3$ gu$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Mùng-kú
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mung$^2$ gu$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Mùng-gū
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Bông-kó͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mong$^5$ gou$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$mon-ku
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Měnggǔ [Phonetic: ménggǔ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˇ ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: měnggǔ
*** Wade–Giles: mêng$^3$-ku$^3$
*** Yale: měng-gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meengguu
*** Palladius: мэнгу (mɛngu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Ménggǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ménggǔ
*** Wade–Giles: mêng$^2$-ku$^3$
*** Yale: méng-gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mengguu
*** Palladius: мэнгу (mɛngu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: Мынгў (Mɨngw, I-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /məŋ²⁴ ku²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mung$^4$ gu$^2$
*** Yale: mùhng gú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mung$^4$ gu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mung$^4$ gu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: muung$^3$ gu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbɵŋ²² ku⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Mùng-kú
*** Hakka Romanization System: mung$^ˇ$ gu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mung$^2$ gu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /muŋ¹¹ ku³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mung$^2$ gu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /mʊŋ¹¹ ku³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Mùng-gū
*** Sinological IPA : /muŋ⁵³⁻³³ $^{(k-)}$ŋu³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bông-kó͘
*** Tâi-lô: Bông-kóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bongkor
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mong$^5$ gou$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mông kóu
*** Sinological IPA : /moŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$mon-ku
*** MiniDict: mon$^去$ ku
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$mon-ku
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /moŋ²² ku⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: muwng kuX
Rime :
| Character | 蒙 | 古 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 莫紅切 | 公戸切 |
| Baxter | muwng | kuX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muŋ/ | /kuo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muŋ/ | /kuo$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muŋ/ | /ko$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /məwŋ/ | /kɔ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /muŋ/ | /ko$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /muŋ/ | /ku$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /muŋ/ | /kuo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | méng | gǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mung$^4$ | gu$^2$ |
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! Particularly: “Northern Min”

### Proper noun

蒙古
* Mongolia (a country in Asia)
* (historical) region inhabited by Mongols, including Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Tuva and Altay

#### Synonyms

* (country): 蒙古國／蒙古国 (Měnggǔguó), 外蒙古 (Wài Měnggǔ)

#### Derived terms

* 內蒙／内蒙 (Nèiměng)
* 內蒙古／内蒙古
* 南蒙古
* 外蒙 (Wàiměng)
* 外蒙古
* 蒙古人 (měnggǔrén)
* 蒙古人種／蒙古人种 (Měnggǔ rénzhǒng)
* 蒙古包 (měnggǔbāo)
* 蒙古國／蒙古国 (Měnggǔguó)
* 蒙古地方
* 蒙古大夫 (měnggǔ dàifu)
* 蒙古帝國／蒙古帝国 (Měnggǔ Dìguó)
* 蒙古文 (měnggǔwén)
* 蒙古斑 (měnggǔbān)
* 蒙古新字 (ménggǔ xīn zì)
* 蒙古族 (Měnggǔzú)
* 蒙古王打仔——大汗𢱕細汗／蒙古王打仔——大汗𢱕细汗
* 蒙古語／蒙古语 (měnggǔyǔ)
* 蒙古高原 (Měnggǔ Gāoyuán)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 蒙(もう)古(こ) (Mōko)
* → Okinawan: 蒙古(むーく) (Mūku)
* → Korean: 몽고(蒙古) (Monggo)
* → Vietnamese: Mông Cổ (蒙古)
Others:
* → Zhuang: Mungzguj

### References

* Duffus, William (1883) “Mongolia”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 182

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 蒙 | 古 |
| もう Jinmeiyō | こ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Chinese 蒙古 (Měnggǔ), from Mongolian ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ (mungɣul) / Монгол (Mongol).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mo̞ːko̞]

### Proper noun

蒙(もう)古(こ) • (Mōko)
* Mongolia

#### Synonyms

* モンゴル (Mongoru)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 蒙 | 古 |

### Proper noun

蒙古 • (Monggo) (hangeul 몽고)
* hanja form of 몽고 (“Mongolia”)

## Okinawan

Kanji in this term :
| 蒙 | 古 |
| むー Jinmeiyō | く Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Proper noun

蒙(むー)古(く) (Mūku)
* Mongolia
    Synonym: モンゴル (Mongoru)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 蒙 | 古 |

### Proper noun

蒙古
* chữ Hán form of Mông Cổ (“Mongolia”).