# 碣

| 碣 | U+78A3, &#30883; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78A3 |
| ← 碢 [U+78A2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 碤 → [U+78A4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

碣 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一口日心女 (MRAPV), four-corner 1662$_7$, composition ⿰石曷)
* stone tablet

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 833, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24326
* Dae Jaweon: page 1249, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2443, character 4
* Unihan data for U+78A3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 碣 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 愒 | *kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad |
| 馤 | *qaːds |
| 靄 | *qaːds, *qaːd |
| 餲 | *qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd |
| 喝 | *qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd |
| 揭 | *kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad |
| 偈 | *ɡrads, *ɡrad |
| 猲 | *kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad |
| 葛 | *kaːd |
| 輵 | *kaːd |
| 獦 | *klaːd, *rab |
| 渴 | *kʰaːd, *ɡrad |
| 嵑 | *kʰaːd |
| 暍 | *qʰaːd, *qad |
| 曷 | *ɡaːd |
| 褐 | *ɡaːd |
| 鶡 | *ɡaːd |
| 毼 | *ɡaːd |
| 蝎 | *ɡaːd |
| 鞨 | *ɡaːd, *ɢljad |
| 遏 | *qaːd |
| 齃 | *qaːd |
| 堨 | *qaːd |
| 擖 | *kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb |
| 楬 | *kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 朅 | *kʰrad |
| 藒 | *kʰrad |
| 竭 | *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 碣 | *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 羯 | *kad |
| 鍻 | *kad |
| 歇 | *qʰad |
| 蠍 | *qʰad |
| 謁 | *qad |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jié (jie$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kit$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kia̍t / khia̍t
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jié
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jié
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^2$
*** Yale: jyé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye
*** Palladius: цзе (cze)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kit$^3$
*** Yale: kit
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kit$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiːt̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: kia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiat
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: khia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiat
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɛt̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɛt̚¹²¹/
* Middle Chinese: gjot, gjet
Rime :
| Character | 碣 | 碣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 月 (67) | 薛 (83) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 其謁切 | 渠列切 |
| Baxter | gjot | gjet |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨɐt̚/ | /ɡˠiᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡiɐt̚/ | /ɡᵚiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiɐt̚/ | /ɡiæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gɨat̚/ | /giat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiɐt̚/ | /ɡjɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭɐt̚/ | /ɡĭɛt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /gɨ̯ɐt̚/ | /gi̯ɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jié | jié |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | git$^6$ | git$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrad/, /*ɡad/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 碣 | 碣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 5052 | 5061 |
| Phonetic component | 曷 | 曷 |
| Rime group | 月 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 傑 | 𢷒 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡrad/ | /*ɡad/ |

#### Definitions

碣
* large stone with inscriptions

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khat
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khat
*** Tâi-lô: khat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qad
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰat̚⁵/

#### Definitions

碣
* (Quanzhou Hokkien) step (on a flight of stairs)
    石碣 [Hokkien] ― chio̍h khat [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― stone step
* (Quanzhou Hokkien) elevated area
       Chim-chiok, chit-tah ǔ chi̍t khat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       Be careful, there's an elevated area here.

##### Synonyms

* (flight of steps): 階梯／阶梯 (jiētī); (Hokkien) 崎

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): けつ (ketsu)
* Kun: いしぶみ (ishibumi)

## Korean
### Hanja

碣 • (gal, ge) (hangeul 갈, 게, revised gal, ge, McCune–Reischauer kal, ke, Yale kal, key)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

碣: Hán Nôm readings: kiệt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.