# gqaja
## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ᶢǃʱaːdʒa/

### Verb

-gqaja
* (intransitive) to be conceited, to be uppity
* (intransitive) to be proud

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukugqaja |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukugqaja | ukungagqaji |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | gqaja | -gqaje |
| Plural | gqajani | -gqajeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyagqaja, ngigqaja | engigqajayo, engigqaja | ngigqaja | angigqaji | engingagqaji | ngingagqaji |
| 2nd singular | uyagqaja, ugqaja | ogqajayo, ogqaja | ugqaja | awugqaji | ongagqaji | ungagqaji |
| 1st plural | siyagqaja, sigqaja | esigqajayo, esigqaja | sigqaja | asigqaji | esingagqaji | singagqaji |
| 2nd plural | niyagqaja, nigqaja | enigqajayo, enigqaja | nigqaja | anigqaji | eningagqaji | ningagqaji |
| Class 1 | uyagqaja, ugqaja | ogqajayo, ogqaja | egqaja | akagqaji | ongagqaji | engagqaji |
| Class 2 | bayagqaja, bagqaja | abagqajayo, abagqaja | begqaja | abagqaji | abangagqaji | bengagqaji |
| Class 3 | uyagqaja, ugqaja | ogqajayo, ogqaja | ugqaja | awugqaji | ongagqaji | ungagqaji |
| Class 4 | iyagqaja, igqaja | egqajayo, egqaja | igqaja | ayigqaji | engagqaji | ingagqaji |
| Class 5 | liyagqaja, ligqaja | eligqajayo, eligqaja | ligqaja | aligqaji | elingagqaji | lingagqaji |
| Class 6 | ayagqaja, agqaja | agqajayo, agqaja | egqaja | awagqaji | angagqaji | engagqaji |
| Class 7 | siyagqaja, sigqaja | esigqajayo, esigqaja | sigqaja | asigqaji | esingagqaji | singagqaji |
| Class 8 | ziyagqaja, zigqaja | ezigqajayo, ezigqaja | zigqaja | azigqaji | ezingagqaji | zingagqaji |
| Class 9 | iyagqaja, igqaja | egqajayo, egqaja | igqaja | ayigqaji | engagqaji | ingagqaji |
| Class 10 | ziyagqaja, zigqaja | ezigqajayo, ezigqaja | zigqaja | azigqaji | ezingagqaji | zingagqaji |
| Class 11 | luyagqaja, lugqaja | olugqajayo, olugqaja | lugqaja | alugqaji | olungagqaji | lungagqaji |
| Class 14 | buyagqaja, bugqaja | obugqajayo, obugqaja | bugqaja | abugqaji | obungagqaji | bungagqaji |
| Class 15 | kuyagqaja, kugqaja | okugqajayo, okugqaja | kugqaja | akugqaji | okungagqaji | kungagqaji |
| Class 17 | kuyagqaja, kugqaja | okugqajayo, okugqaja | kugqaja | akugqaji | okungagqaji | kungagqaji |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngigqajile, ngigqajē | engigqajile, engigqajē | ngigqajile, ngigqajē | angigqajanga | engingagqajanga | ngingagqajanga |
| 2nd singular | ugqajile, ugqajē | ogqajile, ogqajē | ugqajile, ugqajē | awugqajanga | ongagqajanga | ungagqajanga |
| 1st plural | sigqajile, sigqajē | esigqajile, esigqajē | sigqajile, sigqajē | asigqajanga | esingagqajanga | singagqajanga |
| 2nd plural | nigqajile, nigqajē | enigqajile, enigqajē | nigqajile, nigqajē | anigqajanga | eningagqajanga | ningagqajanga |
| Class 1 | ugqajile, ugqajē | ogqajile, ogqajē | egqajile, egqajē | akagqajanga | ongagqajanga | engagqajanga |
| Class 2 | bagqajile, bagqajē | abagqajile, abagqajē | begqajile, begqajē | abagqajanga | abangagqajanga | bengagqajanga |
| Class 3 | ugqajile, ugqajē | ogqajile, ogqajē | ugqajile, ugqajē | awugqajanga | ongagqajanga | ungagqajanga |
| Class 4 | igqajile, igqajē | egqajile, egqajē | igqajile, igqajē | ayigqajanga | engagqajanga | ingagqajanga |
| Class 5 | ligqajile, ligqajē | eligqajile, eligqajē | ligqajile, ligqajē | aligqajanga | elingagqajanga | lingagqajanga |
| Class 6 | agqajile, agqajē | agqajile, agqajē | egqajile, egqajē | awagqajanga | angagqajanga | engagqajanga |
| Class 7 | sigqajile, sigqajē | esigqajile, esigqajē | sigqajile, sigqajē | asigqajanga | esingagqajanga | singagqajanga |
| Class 8 | zigqajile, zigqajē | ezigqajile, ezigqajē | zigqajile, zigqajē | azigqajanga | ezingagqajanga | zingagqajanga |
| Class 9 | igqajile, igqajē | egqajile, egqajē | igqajile, igqajē | ayigqajanga | engagqajanga | ingagqajanga |
| Class 10 | zigqajile, zigqajē | ezigqajile, ezigqajē | zigqajile, zigqajē | azigqajanga | ezingagqajanga | zingagqajanga |
| Class 11 | lugqajile, lugqajē | olugqajile, olugqajē | lugqajile, lugqajē | alugqajanga | olungagqajanga | lungagqajanga |
| Class 14 | bugqajile, bugqajē | obugqajile, obugqajē | bugqajile, bugqajē | abugqajanga | obungagqajanga | bungagqajanga |
| Class 15 | kugqajile, kugqajē | okugqajile, okugqajē | kugqajile, kugqajē | akugqajanga | okungagqajanga | kungagqajanga |
| Class 17 | kugqajile, kugqajē | okugqajile, okugqajē | kugqajile, kugqajē | akugqajanga | okungagqajanga | kungagqajanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāgqaja | engāgqaja | ngāgqaja | angigqajanga | engingagqajanga | ngingagqajanga |
| 2nd singular | wāgqaja | owāgqaja | wāgqaja | awugqajanga | ongagqajanga | ungagqajanga |
| 1st plural | sāgqaja | esāgqaja | sāgqaja | asigqajanga | esingagqajanga | singagqajanga |
| 2nd plural | nāgqaja | enāgqaja | nāgqaja | anigqajanga | eningagqajanga | ningagqajanga |
| Class 1 | wāgqaja | owāgqaja | āgqaja | akagqajanga | ongagqajanga | engagqajanga |
| Class 2 | bāgqaja | abāgqaja | bāgqaja | abagqajanga | abangagqajanga | bengagqajanga |
| Class 3 | wāgqaja | owāgqaja | wāgqaja | awugqajanga | ongagqajanga | ungagqajanga |
| Class 4 | yāgqaja | eyāgqaja | yāgqaja | ayigqajanga | engagqajanga | ingagqajanga |
| Class 5 | lāgqaja | elāgqaja | lāgqaja | aligqajanga | elingagqajanga | lingagqajanga |
| Class 6 | āgqaja | āgqaja | āgqaja | awagqajanga | angagqajanga | engagqajanga |
| Class 7 | sāgqaja | esāgqaja | sāgqaja | asigqajanga | esingagqajanga | singagqajanga |
| Class 8 | zāgqaja | ezāgqaja | zāgqaja | azigqajanga | ezingagqajanga | zingagqajanga |
| Class 9 | yāgqaja | eyāgqaja | yāgqaja | ayigqajanga | engagqajanga | ingagqajanga |
| Class 10 | zāgqaja | ezāgqaja | zāgqaja | azigqajanga | ezingagqajanga | zingagqajanga |
| Class 11 | lwāgqaja | olwāgqaja | lwāgqaja | alugqajanga | olungagqajanga | lungagqajanga |
| Class 14 | bāgqaja | obāgqaja | bāgqaja | abugqajanga | obungagqajanga | bungagqajanga |
| Class 15 | kwāgqaja | okwāgqaja | kwāgqaja | akugqajanga | okungagqajanga | kungagqajanga |
| Class 17 | kwāgqaja | okwāgqaja | kwāgqaja | akugqajanga | okungagqajanga | kungagqajanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingagqaja | — | ngingagqaja | ngingegqaje | — | ngingegqaje |
| 2nd singular | ungagqaja | — | ungagqaja | ungegqaje | — | ungegqaje |
| 1st plural | singagqaja | — | singagqaja | singegqaje | — | singegqaje |
| 2nd plural | ningagqaja | — | ningagqaja | ningegqaje | — | ningegqaje |
| Class 1 | angagqaja | — | engagqaja | angegqaje | — | engegqaje |
| Class 2 | bangagqaja | — | bengagqaja | bangegqaje | — | bengegqaje |
| Class 3 | ungagqaja | — | ungagqaja | ungegqaje | — | ungegqaje |
| Class 4 | ingagqaja | — | ingagqaja | ingegqaje | — | ingegqaje |
| Class 5 | lingagqaja | — | lingagqaja | lingegqaje | — | lingegqaje |
| Class 6 | angagqaja | — | engagqaja | angegqaje | — | engegqaje |
| Class 7 | singagqaja | — | singagqaja | singegqaje | — | singegqaje |
| Class 8 | zingagqaja | — | zingagqaja | zingegqaje | — | zingegqaje |
| Class 9 | ingagqaja | — | ingagqaja | ingegqaje | — | ingegqaje |
| Class 10 | zingagqaja | — | zingagqaja | zingegqaje | — | zingegqaje |
| Class 11 | lungagqaja | — | lungagqaja | lungegqaje | — | lungegqaje |
| Class 14 | bungagqaja | — | bungagqaja | bungegqaje | — | bungegqaje |
| Class 15 | kungagqaja | — | kungagqaja | kungegqaje | — | kungegqaje |
| Class 17 | kungagqaja | — | kungagqaja | kungegqaje | — | kungegqaje |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizogqaja | engizogqaja | ngizogqaja | angizugqaja | engingezugqaja | ngingezugqaja |
| 2nd singular | uzogqaja | ozogqaja | uzogqaja | awuzugqaja | ongezugqaja | ungezugqaja |
| 1st plural | sizogqaja | esizogqaja | sizogqaja | asizugqaja | esingezugqaja | singezugqaja |
| 2nd plural | nizogqaja | enizogqaja | nizogqaja | anizugqaja | eningezugqaja | ningezugqaja |
| Class 1 | uzogqaja | ozogqaja | ezogqaja | akazugqaja | ongezugqaja | engezugqaja |
| Class 2 | bazogqaja | abazogqaja | bezogqaja | abazugqaja | abangezugqaja | bengezugqaja |
| Class 3 | uzogqaja | ozogqaja | uzogqaja | awuzugqaja | ongezugqaja | ungezugqaja |
| Class 4 | izogqaja | ezogqaja | izogqaja | ayizugqaja | engezugqaja | ingezugqaja |
| Class 5 | lizogqaja | elizogqaja | lizogqaja | alizugqaja | elingezugqaja | lingezugqaja |
| Class 6 | azogqaja | azogqaja | ezogqaja | awazugqaja | angezugqaja | engezugqaja |
| Class 7 | sizogqaja | esizogqaja | sizogqaja | asizugqaja | esingezugqaja | singezugqaja |
| Class 8 | zizogqaja | ezizogqaja | zizogqaja | azizugqaja | ezingezugqaja | zingezugqaja |
| Class 9 | izogqaja | ezogqaja | izogqaja | ayizugqaja | engezugqaja | ingezugqaja |
| Class 10 | zizogqaja | ezizogqaja | zizogqaja | azizugqaja | ezingezugqaja | zingezugqaja |
| Class 11 | luzogqaja | oluzogqaja | luzogqaja | aluzugqaja | olungezugqaja | lungezugqaja |
| Class 14 | buzogqaja | obuzogqaja | buzogqaja | abuzugqaja | obungezugqaja | bungezugqaja |
| Class 15 | kuzogqaja | okuzogqaja | kuzogqaja | akuzugqaja | okungezugqaja | kungezugqaja |
| Class 17 | kuzogqaja | okuzogqaja | kuzogqaja | akuzugqaja | okungezugqaja | kungezugqaja |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyogqaja | engiyogqaja | ngiyogqaja | angiyugqaja | engingeyugqaja | ngingeyugqaja |
| 2nd singular | uyogqaja | oyogqaja | uyogqaja | awuyugqaja | ongeyugqaja | ungeyugqaja |
| 1st plural | siyogqaja | esiyogqaja | siyogqaja | asiyugqaja | esingeyugqaja | singeyugqaja |
| 2nd plural | niyogqaja | eniyogqaja | niyogqaja | aniyugqaja | eningeyugqaja | ningeyugqaja |
| Class 1 | uyogqaja | oyogqaja | eyogqaja | akayugqaja | ongeyugqaja | engeyugqaja |
| Class 2 | bayogqaja | abayogqaja | beyogqaja | abayugqaja | abangeyugqaja | bengeyugqaja |
| Class 3 | uyogqaja | oyogqaja | uyogqaja | awuyugqaja | ongeyugqaja | ungeyugqaja |
| Class 4 | iyogqaja | eyogqaja | iyogqaja | ayiyugqaja | engeyugqaja | ingeyugqaja |
| Class 5 | liyogqaja | eliyogqaja | liyogqaja | aliyugqaja | elingeyugqaja | lingeyugqaja |
| Class 6 | ayogqaja | ayogqaja | eyogqaja | awayugqaja | angeyugqaja | engeyugqaja |
| Class 7 | siyogqaja | esiyogqaja | siyogqaja | asiyugqaja | esingeyugqaja | singeyugqaja |
| Class 8 | ziyogqaja | eziyogqaja | ziyogqaja | aziyugqaja | ezingeyugqaja | zingeyugqaja |
| Class 9 | iyogqaja | eyogqaja | iyogqaja | ayiyugqaja | engeyugqaja | ingeyugqaja |
| Class 10 | ziyogqaja | eziyogqaja | ziyogqaja | aziyugqaja | ezingeyugqaja | zingeyugqaja |
| Class 11 | luyogqaja | oluyogqaja | luyogqaja | aluyugqaja | olungeyugqaja | lungeyugqaja |
| Class 14 | buyogqaja | obuyogqaja | buyogqaja | abuyugqaja | obungeyugqaja | bungeyugqaja |
| Class 15 | kuyogqaja | okuyogqaja | kuyogqaja | akuyugqaja | okungeyugqaja | kungeyugqaja |
| Class 17 | kuyogqaja | okuyogqaja | kuyogqaja | akuyugqaja | okungeyugqaja | kungeyugqaja |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngigqaje | ngingagqaji |
| 2nd singular | ugqaje | ungagqaji |
| 1st plural | sigqaje | singagqaji |
| 2nd plural | nigqaje | ningagqaji |
| Class 1 | agqaje | angagqaji |
| Class 2 | bagqaje | bangagqaji |
| Class 3 | ugqaje | ungagqaji |
| Class 4 | igqaje | ingagqaji |
| Class 5 | ligqaje | lingagqaji |
| Class 6 | agqaje | angagqaji |
| Class 7 | sigqaje | singagqaji |
| Class 8 | zigqaje | zingagqaji |
| Class 9 | igqaje | ingagqaji |
| Class 10 | zigqaje | zingagqaji |
| Class 11 | lugqaje | lungagqaji |
| Class 14 | bugqaje | bungagqaji |
| Class 15 | kugqaje | kungagqaji |
| Class 17 | kugqaje | kungagqaji |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngagqaja | ngangagqaja, angagqaja, angangagqaja |
| 2nd singular | wagqaja | wangagqaja, awagqaja, awangagqaja |
| 1st plural | sagqaja | sangagqaja, asagqaja, asangagqaja |
| 2nd plural | nagqaja | nangagqaja, anagqaja, anangagqaja |
| Class 1 | wagqaja | wangagqaja, akagqaja, akangagqaja |
| Class 2 | bagqaja | bangagqaja, abagqaja, abangagqaja |
| Class 3 | wagqaja | wangagqaja, awagqaja, awangagqaja |
| Class 4 | yagqaja | yangagqaja, ayagqaja, ayangagqaja |
| Class 5 | lagqaja | langagqaja, alagqaja, alangagqaja |
| Class 6 | agqaja | angagqaja, awagqaja, awangagqaja |
| Class 7 | sagqaja | sangagqaja, asagqaja, asangagqaja |
| Class 8 | zagqaja | zangagqaja, azagqaja, azangagqaja |
| Class 9 | yagqaja | yangagqaja, ayagqaja, ayangagqaja |
| Class 10 | zagqaja | zangagqaja, azagqaja, azangagqaja |
| Class 11 | lwagqaja | lwangagqaja, alwagqaja, alwangagqaja |
| Class 14 | bagqaja | bangagqaja, abagqaja, abangagqaja |
| Class 15 | kwagqaja | kwangagqaja, akwagqaja, akwangagqaja |
| Class 17 | kwagqaja | kwangagqaja, akwagqaja, akwangagqaja |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gqaja”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gqaja (6.3)”