# gcina
## Northern Ndebele
### Verb

-gcina
* to keep

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Phuthi
### Verb

-gcina
* to keep

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Southern Ndebele
### Verb

-gcina
* to keep

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Swazi
### Verb

-gcina
* to end

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-gcina
* to keep
* (transitive) to save

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-gcina
* (intransitive) to end, to terminate, to be completed
* to do finally, to do in the end
* (transitive) to keep, to preserve
* (transitive) to take care of
* (transitive) to observe (laws, rules)
* (transitive) to make stick firmly

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukugcina |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukugcina | ukungagcini |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | gcina | -gcine |
| Plural | gcinani | -gcineni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyagcina, ngigcina | engigcinayo, engigcina | ngigcina | angigcini | engingagcini | ngingagcini |
| 2nd singular | uyagcina, ugcina | ogcinayo, ogcina | ugcina | awugcini | ongagcini | ungagcini |
| 1st plural | siyagcina, sigcina | esigcinayo, esigcina | sigcina | asigcini | esingagcini | singagcini |
| 2nd plural | niyagcina, nigcina | enigcinayo, enigcina | nigcina | anigcini | eningagcini | ningagcini |
| Class 1 | uyagcina, ugcina | ogcinayo, ogcina | egcina | akagcini | ongagcini | engagcini |
| Class 2 | bayagcina, bagcina | abagcinayo, abagcina | begcina | abagcini | abangagcini | bengagcini |
| Class 3 | uyagcina, ugcina | ogcinayo, ogcina | ugcina | awugcini | ongagcini | ungagcini |
| Class 4 | iyagcina, igcina | egcinayo, egcina | igcina | ayigcini | engagcini | ingagcini |
| Class 5 | liyagcina, ligcina | eligcinayo, eligcina | ligcina | aligcini | elingagcini | lingagcini |
| Class 6 | ayagcina, agcina | agcinayo, agcina | egcina | awagcini | angagcini | engagcini |
| Class 7 | siyagcina, sigcina | esigcinayo, esigcina | sigcina | asigcini | esingagcini | singagcini |
| Class 8 | ziyagcina, zigcina | ezigcinayo, ezigcina | zigcina | azigcini | ezingagcini | zingagcini |
| Class 9 | iyagcina, igcina | egcinayo, egcina | igcina | ayigcini | engagcini | ingagcini |
| Class 10 | ziyagcina, zigcina | ezigcinayo, ezigcina | zigcina | azigcini | ezingagcini | zingagcini |
| Class 11 | luyagcina, lugcina | olugcinayo, olugcina | lugcina | alugcini | olungagcini | lungagcini |
| Class 14 | buyagcina, bugcina | obugcinayo, obugcina | bugcina | abugcini | obungagcini | bungagcini |
| Class 15 | kuyagcina, kugcina | okugcinayo, okugcina | kugcina | akugcini | okungagcini | kungagcini |
| Class 17 | kuyagcina, kugcina | okugcinayo, okugcina | kugcina | akugcini | okungagcini | kungagcini |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngigcinile, ngigcinē | engigcinile, engigcinē | ngigcinile, ngigcinē | angigcinanga | engingagcinanga | ngingagcinanga |
| 2nd singular | ugcinile, ugcinē | ogcinile, ogcinē | ugcinile, ugcinē | awugcinanga | ongagcinanga | ungagcinanga |
| 1st plural | sigcinile, sigcinē | esigcinile, esigcinē | sigcinile, sigcinē | asigcinanga | esingagcinanga | singagcinanga |
| 2nd plural | nigcinile, nigcinē | enigcinile, enigcinē | nigcinile, nigcinē | anigcinanga | eningagcinanga | ningagcinanga |
| Class 1 | ugcinile, ugcinē | ogcinile, ogcinē | egcinile, egcinē | akagcinanga | ongagcinanga | engagcinanga |
| Class 2 | bagcinile, bagcinē | abagcinile, abagcinē | begcinile, begcinē | abagcinanga | abangagcinanga | bengagcinanga |
| Class 3 | ugcinile, ugcinē | ogcinile, ogcinē | ugcinile, ugcinē | awugcinanga | ongagcinanga | ungagcinanga |
| Class 4 | igcinile, igcinē | egcinile, egcinē | igcinile, igcinē | ayigcinanga | engagcinanga | ingagcinanga |
| Class 5 | ligcinile, ligcinē | eligcinile, eligcinē | ligcinile, ligcinē | aligcinanga | elingagcinanga | lingagcinanga |
| Class 6 | agcinile, agcinē | agcinile, agcinē | egcinile, egcinē | awagcinanga | angagcinanga | engagcinanga |
| Class 7 | sigcinile, sigcinē | esigcinile, esigcinē | sigcinile, sigcinē | asigcinanga | esingagcinanga | singagcinanga |
| Class 8 | zigcinile, zigcinē | ezigcinile, ezigcinē | zigcinile, zigcinē | azigcinanga | ezingagcinanga | zingagcinanga |
| Class 9 | igcinile, igcinē | egcinile, egcinē | igcinile, igcinē | ayigcinanga | engagcinanga | ingagcinanga |
| Class 10 | zigcinile, zigcinē | ezigcinile, ezigcinē | zigcinile, zigcinē | azigcinanga | ezingagcinanga | zingagcinanga |
| Class 11 | lugcinile, lugcinē | olugcinile, olugcinē | lugcinile, lugcinē | alugcinanga | olungagcinanga | lungagcinanga |
| Class 14 | bugcinile, bugcinē | obugcinile, obugcinē | bugcinile, bugcinē | abugcinanga | obungagcinanga | bungagcinanga |
| Class 15 | kugcinile, kugcinē | okugcinile, okugcinē | kugcinile, kugcinē | akugcinanga | okungagcinanga | kungagcinanga |
| Class 17 | kugcinile, kugcinē | okugcinile, okugcinē | kugcinile, kugcinē | akugcinanga | okungagcinanga | kungagcinanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāgcina | engāgcina | ngāgcina | angigcinanga | engingagcinanga | ngingagcinanga |
| 2nd singular | wāgcina | owāgcina | wāgcina | awugcinanga | ongagcinanga | ungagcinanga |
| 1st plural | sāgcina | esāgcina | sāgcina | asigcinanga | esingagcinanga | singagcinanga |
| 2nd plural | nāgcina | enāgcina | nāgcina | anigcinanga | eningagcinanga | ningagcinanga |
| Class 1 | wāgcina | owāgcina | āgcina | akagcinanga | ongagcinanga | engagcinanga |
| Class 2 | bāgcina | abāgcina | bāgcina | abagcinanga | abangagcinanga | bengagcinanga |
| Class 3 | wāgcina | owāgcina | wāgcina | awugcinanga | ongagcinanga | ungagcinanga |
| Class 4 | yāgcina | eyāgcina | yāgcina | ayigcinanga | engagcinanga | ingagcinanga |
| Class 5 | lāgcina | elāgcina | lāgcina | aligcinanga | elingagcinanga | lingagcinanga |
| Class 6 | āgcina | āgcina | āgcina | awagcinanga | angagcinanga | engagcinanga |
| Class 7 | sāgcina | esāgcina | sāgcina | asigcinanga | esingagcinanga | singagcinanga |
| Class 8 | zāgcina | ezāgcina | zāgcina | azigcinanga | ezingagcinanga | zingagcinanga |
| Class 9 | yāgcina | eyāgcina | yāgcina | ayigcinanga | engagcinanga | ingagcinanga |
| Class 10 | zāgcina | ezāgcina | zāgcina | azigcinanga | ezingagcinanga | zingagcinanga |
| Class 11 | lwāgcina | olwāgcina | lwāgcina | alugcinanga | olungagcinanga | lungagcinanga |
| Class 14 | bāgcina | obāgcina | bāgcina | abugcinanga | obungagcinanga | bungagcinanga |
| Class 15 | kwāgcina | okwāgcina | kwāgcina | akugcinanga | okungagcinanga | kungagcinanga |
| Class 17 | kwāgcina | okwāgcina | kwāgcina | akugcinanga | okungagcinanga | kungagcinanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingagcina | — | ngingagcina | ngingegcine | — | ngingegcine |
| 2nd singular | ungagcina | — | ungagcina | ungegcine | — | ungegcine |
| 1st plural | singagcina | — | singagcina | singegcine | — | singegcine |
| 2nd plural | ningagcina | — | ningagcina | ningegcine | — | ningegcine |
| Class 1 | angagcina | — | engagcina | angegcine | — | engegcine |
| Class 2 | bangagcina | — | bengagcina | bangegcine | — | bengegcine |
| Class 3 | ungagcina | — | ungagcina | ungegcine | — | ungegcine |
| Class 4 | ingagcina | — | ingagcina | ingegcine | — | ingegcine |
| Class 5 | lingagcina | — | lingagcina | lingegcine | — | lingegcine |
| Class 6 | angagcina | — | engagcina | angegcine | — | engegcine |
| Class 7 | singagcina | — | singagcina | singegcine | — | singegcine |
| Class 8 | zingagcina | — | zingagcina | zingegcine | — | zingegcine |
| Class 9 | ingagcina | — | ingagcina | ingegcine | — | ingegcine |
| Class 10 | zingagcina | — | zingagcina | zingegcine | — | zingegcine |
| Class 11 | lungagcina | — | lungagcina | lungegcine | — | lungegcine |
| Class 14 | bungagcina | — | bungagcina | bungegcine | — | bungegcine |
| Class 15 | kungagcina | — | kungagcina | kungegcine | — | kungegcine |
| Class 17 | kungagcina | — | kungagcina | kungegcine | — | kungegcine |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizogcina | engizogcina | ngizogcina | angizugcina | engingezugcina | ngingezugcina |
| 2nd singular | uzogcina | ozogcina | uzogcina | awuzugcina | ongezugcina | ungezugcina |
| 1st plural | sizogcina | esizogcina | sizogcina | asizugcina | esingezugcina | singezugcina |
| 2nd plural | nizogcina | enizogcina | nizogcina | anizugcina | eningezugcina | ningezugcina |
| Class 1 | uzogcina | ozogcina | ezogcina | akazugcina | ongezugcina | engezugcina |
| Class 2 | bazogcina | abazogcina | bezogcina | abazugcina | abangezugcina | bengezugcina |
| Class 3 | uzogcina | ozogcina | uzogcina | awuzugcina | ongezugcina | ungezugcina |
| Class 4 | izogcina | ezogcina | izogcina | ayizugcina | engezugcina | ingezugcina |
| Class 5 | lizogcina | elizogcina | lizogcina | alizugcina | elingezugcina | lingezugcina |
| Class 6 | azogcina | azogcina | ezogcina | awazugcina | angezugcina | engezugcina |
| Class 7 | sizogcina | esizogcina | sizogcina | asizugcina | esingezugcina | singezugcina |
| Class 8 | zizogcina | ezizogcina | zizogcina | azizugcina | ezingezugcina | zingezugcina |
| Class 9 | izogcina | ezogcina | izogcina | ayizugcina | engezugcina | ingezugcina |
| Class 10 | zizogcina | ezizogcina | zizogcina | azizugcina | ezingezugcina | zingezugcina |
| Class 11 | luzogcina | oluzogcina | luzogcina | aluzugcina | olungezugcina | lungezugcina |
| Class 14 | buzogcina | obuzogcina | buzogcina | abuzugcina | obungezugcina | bungezugcina |
| Class 15 | kuzogcina | okuzogcina | kuzogcina | akuzugcina | okungezugcina | kungezugcina |
| Class 17 | kuzogcina | okuzogcina | kuzogcina | akuzugcina | okungezugcina | kungezugcina |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyogcina | engiyogcina | ngiyogcina | angiyugcina | engingeyugcina | ngingeyugcina |
| 2nd singular | uyogcina | oyogcina | uyogcina | awuyugcina | ongeyugcina | ungeyugcina |
| 1st plural | siyogcina | esiyogcina | siyogcina | asiyugcina | esingeyugcina | singeyugcina |
| 2nd plural | niyogcina | eniyogcina | niyogcina | aniyugcina | eningeyugcina | ningeyugcina |
| Class 1 | uyogcina | oyogcina | eyogcina | akayugcina | ongeyugcina | engeyugcina |
| Class 2 | bayogcina | abayogcina | beyogcina | abayugcina | abangeyugcina | bengeyugcina |
| Class 3 | uyogcina | oyogcina | uyogcina | awuyugcina | ongeyugcina | ungeyugcina |
| Class 4 | iyogcina | eyogcina | iyogcina | ayiyugcina | engeyugcina | ingeyugcina |
| Class 5 | liyogcina | eliyogcina | liyogcina | aliyugcina | elingeyugcina | lingeyugcina |
| Class 6 | ayogcina | ayogcina | eyogcina | awayugcina | angeyugcina | engeyugcina |
| Class 7 | siyogcina | esiyogcina | siyogcina | asiyugcina | esingeyugcina | singeyugcina |
| Class 8 | ziyogcina | eziyogcina | ziyogcina | aziyugcina | ezingeyugcina | zingeyugcina |
| Class 9 | iyogcina | eyogcina | iyogcina | ayiyugcina | engeyugcina | ingeyugcina |
| Class 10 | ziyogcina | eziyogcina | ziyogcina | aziyugcina | ezingeyugcina | zingeyugcina |
| Class 11 | luyogcina | oluyogcina | luyogcina | aluyugcina | olungeyugcina | lungeyugcina |
| Class 14 | buyogcina | obuyogcina | buyogcina | abuyugcina | obungeyugcina | bungeyugcina |
| Class 15 | kuyogcina | okuyogcina | kuyogcina | akuyugcina | okungeyugcina | kungeyugcina |
| Class 17 | kuyogcina | okuyogcina | kuyogcina | akuyugcina | okungeyugcina | kungeyugcina |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngigcine | ngingagcini |
| 2nd singular | ugcine | ungagcini |
| 1st plural | sigcine | singagcini |
| 2nd plural | nigcine | ningagcini |
| Class 1 | agcine | angagcini |
| Class 2 | bagcine | bangagcini |
| Class 3 | ugcine | ungagcini |
| Class 4 | igcine | ingagcini |
| Class 5 | ligcine | lingagcini |
| Class 6 | agcine | angagcini |
| Class 7 | sigcine | singagcini |
| Class 8 | zigcine | zingagcini |
| Class 9 | igcine | ingagcini |
| Class 10 | zigcine | zingagcini |
| Class 11 | lugcine | lungagcini |
| Class 14 | bugcine | bungagcini |
| Class 15 | kugcine | kungagcini |
| Class 17 | kugcine | kungagcini |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngagcina | ngangagcina, angagcina, angangagcina |
| 2nd singular | wagcina | wangagcina, awagcina, awangagcina |
| 1st plural | sagcina | sangagcina, asagcina, asangagcina |
| 2nd plural | nagcina | nangagcina, anagcina, anangagcina |
| Class 1 | wagcina | wangagcina, akagcina, akangagcina |
| Class 2 | bagcina | bangagcina, abagcina, abangagcina |
| Class 3 | wagcina | wangagcina, awagcina, awangagcina |
| Class 4 | yagcina | yangagcina, ayagcina, ayangagcina |
| Class 5 | lagcina | langagcina, alagcina, alangagcina |
| Class 6 | agcina | angagcina, awagcina, awangagcina |
| Class 7 | sagcina | sangagcina, asagcina, asangagcina |
| Class 8 | zagcina | zangagcina, azagcina, azangagcina |
| Class 9 | yagcina | yangagcina, ayagcina, ayangagcina |
| Class 10 | zagcina | zangagcina, azagcina, azangagcina |
| Class 11 | lwagcina | lwangagcina, alwagcina, alwangagcina |
| Class 14 | bagcina | bangagcina, abagcina, abangagcina |
| Class 15 | kwagcina | kwangagcina, akwagcina, akwangagcina |
| Class 17 | kwagcina | kwangagcina, akwagcina, akwangagcina |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gcina”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gcina (6.3)”