# gwinqa
## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ɡwiːᵑǃa/

### Verb

-gwinqa
* (transitive) to swallow
    Synonym: -gwinya

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukugwinqa |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukugwinqa | ukungagwinqi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | gwinqa | -gwinqe |
| Plural | gwinqani | -gwinqeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyagwinqa, ngigwinqa | engigwinqayo, engigwinqa | ngigwinqa | angigwinqi | engingagwinqi | ngingagwinqi |
| 2nd singular | uyagwinqa, ugwinqa | ogwinqayo, ogwinqa | ugwinqa | awugwinqi | ongagwinqi | ungagwinqi |
| 1st plural | siyagwinqa, sigwinqa | esigwinqayo, esigwinqa | sigwinqa | asigwinqi | esingagwinqi | singagwinqi |
| 2nd plural | niyagwinqa, nigwinqa | enigwinqayo, enigwinqa | nigwinqa | anigwinqi | eningagwinqi | ningagwinqi |
| Class 1 | uyagwinqa, ugwinqa | ogwinqayo, ogwinqa | egwinqa | akagwinqi | ongagwinqi | engagwinqi |
| Class 2 | bayagwinqa, bagwinqa | abagwinqayo, abagwinqa | begwinqa | abagwinqi | abangagwinqi | bengagwinqi |
| Class 3 | uyagwinqa, ugwinqa | ogwinqayo, ogwinqa | ugwinqa | awugwinqi | ongagwinqi | ungagwinqi |
| Class 4 | iyagwinqa, igwinqa | egwinqayo, egwinqa | igwinqa | ayigwinqi | engagwinqi | ingagwinqi |
| Class 5 | liyagwinqa, ligwinqa | eligwinqayo, eligwinqa | ligwinqa | aligwinqi | elingagwinqi | lingagwinqi |
| Class 6 | ayagwinqa, agwinqa | agwinqayo, agwinqa | egwinqa | awagwinqi | angagwinqi | engagwinqi |
| Class 7 | siyagwinqa, sigwinqa | esigwinqayo, esigwinqa | sigwinqa | asigwinqi | esingagwinqi | singagwinqi |
| Class 8 | ziyagwinqa, zigwinqa | ezigwinqayo, ezigwinqa | zigwinqa | azigwinqi | ezingagwinqi | zingagwinqi |
| Class 9 | iyagwinqa, igwinqa | egwinqayo, egwinqa | igwinqa | ayigwinqi | engagwinqi | ingagwinqi |
| Class 10 | ziyagwinqa, zigwinqa | ezigwinqayo, ezigwinqa | zigwinqa | azigwinqi | ezingagwinqi | zingagwinqi |
| Class 11 | luyagwinqa, lugwinqa | olugwinqayo, olugwinqa | lugwinqa | alugwinqi | olungagwinqi | lungagwinqi |
| Class 14 | buyagwinqa, bugwinqa | obugwinqayo, obugwinqa | bugwinqa | abugwinqi | obungagwinqi | bungagwinqi |
| Class 15 | kuyagwinqa, kugwinqa | okugwinqayo, okugwinqa | kugwinqa | akugwinqi | okungagwinqi | kungagwinqi |
| Class 17 | kuyagwinqa, kugwinqa | okugwinqayo, okugwinqa | kugwinqa | akugwinqi | okungagwinqi | kungagwinqi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngigwinqile, ngigwinqē | engigwinqile, engigwinqē | ngigwinqile, ngigwinqē | angigwinqanga | engingagwinqanga | ngingagwinqanga |
| 2nd singular | ugwinqile, ugwinqē | ogwinqile, ogwinqē | ugwinqile, ugwinqē | awugwinqanga | ongagwinqanga | ungagwinqanga |
| 1st plural | sigwinqile, sigwinqē | esigwinqile, esigwinqē | sigwinqile, sigwinqē | asigwinqanga | esingagwinqanga | singagwinqanga |
| 2nd plural | nigwinqile, nigwinqē | enigwinqile, enigwinqē | nigwinqile, nigwinqē | anigwinqanga | eningagwinqanga | ningagwinqanga |
| Class 1 | ugwinqile, ugwinqē | ogwinqile, ogwinqē | egwinqile, egwinqē | akagwinqanga | ongagwinqanga | engagwinqanga |
| Class 2 | bagwinqile, bagwinqē | abagwinqile, abagwinqē | begwinqile, begwinqē | abagwinqanga | abangagwinqanga | bengagwinqanga |
| Class 3 | ugwinqile, ugwinqē | ogwinqile, ogwinqē | ugwinqile, ugwinqē | awugwinqanga | ongagwinqanga | ungagwinqanga |
| Class 4 | igwinqile, igwinqē | egwinqile, egwinqē | igwinqile, igwinqē | ayigwinqanga | engagwinqanga | ingagwinqanga |
| Class 5 | ligwinqile, ligwinqē | eligwinqile, eligwinqē | ligwinqile, ligwinqē | aligwinqanga | elingagwinqanga | lingagwinqanga |
| Class 6 | agwinqile, agwinqē | agwinqile, agwinqē | egwinqile, egwinqē | awagwinqanga | angagwinqanga | engagwinqanga |
| Class 7 | sigwinqile, sigwinqē | esigwinqile, esigwinqē | sigwinqile, sigwinqē | asigwinqanga | esingagwinqanga | singagwinqanga |
| Class 8 | zigwinqile, zigwinqē | ezigwinqile, ezigwinqē | zigwinqile, zigwinqē | azigwinqanga | ezingagwinqanga | zingagwinqanga |
| Class 9 | igwinqile, igwinqē | egwinqile, egwinqē | igwinqile, igwinqē | ayigwinqanga | engagwinqanga | ingagwinqanga |
| Class 10 | zigwinqile, zigwinqē | ezigwinqile, ezigwinqē | zigwinqile, zigwinqē | azigwinqanga | ezingagwinqanga | zingagwinqanga |
| Class 11 | lugwinqile, lugwinqē | olugwinqile, olugwinqē | lugwinqile, lugwinqē | alugwinqanga | olungagwinqanga | lungagwinqanga |
| Class 14 | bugwinqile, bugwinqē | obugwinqile, obugwinqē | bugwinqile, bugwinqē | abugwinqanga | obungagwinqanga | bungagwinqanga |
| Class 15 | kugwinqile, kugwinqē | okugwinqile, okugwinqē | kugwinqile, kugwinqē | akugwinqanga | okungagwinqanga | kungagwinqanga |
| Class 17 | kugwinqile, kugwinqē | okugwinqile, okugwinqē | kugwinqile, kugwinqē | akugwinqanga | okungagwinqanga | kungagwinqanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāgwinqa | engāgwinqa | ngāgwinqa | angigwinqanga | engingagwinqanga | ngingagwinqanga |
| 2nd singular | wāgwinqa | owāgwinqa | wāgwinqa | awugwinqanga | ongagwinqanga | ungagwinqanga |
| 1st plural | sāgwinqa | esāgwinqa | sāgwinqa | asigwinqanga | esingagwinqanga | singagwinqanga |
| 2nd plural | nāgwinqa | enāgwinqa | nāgwinqa | anigwinqanga | eningagwinqanga | ningagwinqanga |
| Class 1 | wāgwinqa | owāgwinqa | āgwinqa | akagwinqanga | ongagwinqanga | engagwinqanga |
| Class 2 | bāgwinqa | abāgwinqa | bāgwinqa | abagwinqanga | abangagwinqanga | bengagwinqanga |
| Class 3 | wāgwinqa | owāgwinqa | wāgwinqa | awugwinqanga | ongagwinqanga | ungagwinqanga |
| Class 4 | yāgwinqa | eyāgwinqa | yāgwinqa | ayigwinqanga | engagwinqanga | ingagwinqanga |
| Class 5 | lāgwinqa | elāgwinqa | lāgwinqa | aligwinqanga | elingagwinqanga | lingagwinqanga |
| Class 6 | āgwinqa | āgwinqa | āgwinqa | awagwinqanga | angagwinqanga | engagwinqanga |
| Class 7 | sāgwinqa | esāgwinqa | sāgwinqa | asigwinqanga | esingagwinqanga | singagwinqanga |
| Class 8 | zāgwinqa | ezāgwinqa | zāgwinqa | azigwinqanga | ezingagwinqanga | zingagwinqanga |
| Class 9 | yāgwinqa | eyāgwinqa | yāgwinqa | ayigwinqanga | engagwinqanga | ingagwinqanga |
| Class 10 | zāgwinqa | ezāgwinqa | zāgwinqa | azigwinqanga | ezingagwinqanga | zingagwinqanga |
| Class 11 | lwāgwinqa | olwāgwinqa | lwāgwinqa | alugwinqanga | olungagwinqanga | lungagwinqanga |
| Class 14 | bāgwinqa | obāgwinqa | bāgwinqa | abugwinqanga | obungagwinqanga | bungagwinqanga |
| Class 15 | kwāgwinqa | okwāgwinqa | kwāgwinqa | akugwinqanga | okungagwinqanga | kungagwinqanga |
| Class 17 | kwāgwinqa | okwāgwinqa | kwāgwinqa | akugwinqanga | okungagwinqanga | kungagwinqanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingagwinqa | — | ngingagwinqa | ngingegwinqe | — | ngingegwinqe |
| 2nd singular | ungagwinqa | — | ungagwinqa | ungegwinqe | — | ungegwinqe |
| 1st plural | singagwinqa | — | singagwinqa | singegwinqe | — | singegwinqe |
| 2nd plural | ningagwinqa | — | ningagwinqa | ningegwinqe | — | ningegwinqe |
| Class 1 | angagwinqa | — | engagwinqa | angegwinqe | — | engegwinqe |
| Class 2 | bangagwinqa | — | bengagwinqa | bangegwinqe | — | bengegwinqe |
| Class 3 | ungagwinqa | — | ungagwinqa | ungegwinqe | — | ungegwinqe |
| Class 4 | ingagwinqa | — | ingagwinqa | ingegwinqe | — | ingegwinqe |
| Class 5 | lingagwinqa | — | lingagwinqa | lingegwinqe | — | lingegwinqe |
| Class 6 | angagwinqa | — | engagwinqa | angegwinqe | — | engegwinqe |
| Class 7 | singagwinqa | — | singagwinqa | singegwinqe | — | singegwinqe |
| Class 8 | zingagwinqa | — | zingagwinqa | zingegwinqe | — | zingegwinqe |
| Class 9 | ingagwinqa | — | ingagwinqa | ingegwinqe | — | ingegwinqe |
| Class 10 | zingagwinqa | — | zingagwinqa | zingegwinqe | — | zingegwinqe |
| Class 11 | lungagwinqa | — | lungagwinqa | lungegwinqe | — | lungegwinqe |
| Class 14 | bungagwinqa | — | bungagwinqa | bungegwinqe | — | bungegwinqe |
| Class 15 | kungagwinqa | — | kungagwinqa | kungegwinqe | — | kungegwinqe |
| Class 17 | kungagwinqa | — | kungagwinqa | kungegwinqe | — | kungegwinqe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizogwinqa | engizogwinqa | ngizogwinqa | angizugwinqa | engingezugwinqa | ngingezugwinqa |
| 2nd singular | uzogwinqa | ozogwinqa | uzogwinqa | awuzugwinqa | ongezugwinqa | ungezugwinqa |
| 1st plural | sizogwinqa | esizogwinqa | sizogwinqa | asizugwinqa | esingezugwinqa | singezugwinqa |
| 2nd plural | nizogwinqa | enizogwinqa | nizogwinqa | anizugwinqa | eningezugwinqa | ningezugwinqa |
| Class 1 | uzogwinqa | ozogwinqa | ezogwinqa | akazugwinqa | ongezugwinqa | engezugwinqa |
| Class 2 | bazogwinqa | abazogwinqa | bezogwinqa | abazugwinqa | abangezugwinqa | bengezugwinqa |
| Class 3 | uzogwinqa | ozogwinqa | uzogwinqa | awuzugwinqa | ongezugwinqa | ungezugwinqa |
| Class 4 | izogwinqa | ezogwinqa | izogwinqa | ayizugwinqa | engezugwinqa | ingezugwinqa |
| Class 5 | lizogwinqa | elizogwinqa | lizogwinqa | alizugwinqa | elingezugwinqa | lingezugwinqa |
| Class 6 | azogwinqa | azogwinqa | ezogwinqa | awazugwinqa | angezugwinqa | engezugwinqa |
| Class 7 | sizogwinqa | esizogwinqa | sizogwinqa | asizugwinqa | esingezugwinqa | singezugwinqa |
| Class 8 | zizogwinqa | ezizogwinqa | zizogwinqa | azizugwinqa | ezingezugwinqa | zingezugwinqa |
| Class 9 | izogwinqa | ezogwinqa | izogwinqa | ayizugwinqa | engezugwinqa | ingezugwinqa |
| Class 10 | zizogwinqa | ezizogwinqa | zizogwinqa | azizugwinqa | ezingezugwinqa | zingezugwinqa |
| Class 11 | luzogwinqa | oluzogwinqa | luzogwinqa | aluzugwinqa | olungezugwinqa | lungezugwinqa |
| Class 14 | buzogwinqa | obuzogwinqa | buzogwinqa | abuzugwinqa | obungezugwinqa | bungezugwinqa |
| Class 15 | kuzogwinqa | okuzogwinqa | kuzogwinqa | akuzugwinqa | okungezugwinqa | kungezugwinqa |
| Class 17 | kuzogwinqa | okuzogwinqa | kuzogwinqa | akuzugwinqa | okungezugwinqa | kungezugwinqa |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyogwinqa | engiyogwinqa | ngiyogwinqa | angiyugwinqa | engingeyugwinqa | ngingeyugwinqa |
| 2nd singular | uyogwinqa | oyogwinqa | uyogwinqa | awuyugwinqa | ongeyugwinqa | ungeyugwinqa |
| 1st plural | siyogwinqa | esiyogwinqa | siyogwinqa | asiyugwinqa | esingeyugwinqa | singeyugwinqa |
| 2nd plural | niyogwinqa | eniyogwinqa | niyogwinqa | aniyugwinqa | eningeyugwinqa | ningeyugwinqa |
| Class 1 | uyogwinqa | oyogwinqa | eyogwinqa | akayugwinqa | ongeyugwinqa | engeyugwinqa |
| Class 2 | bayogwinqa | abayogwinqa | beyogwinqa | abayugwinqa | abangeyugwinqa | bengeyugwinqa |
| Class 3 | uyogwinqa | oyogwinqa | uyogwinqa | awuyugwinqa | ongeyugwinqa | ungeyugwinqa |
| Class 4 | iyogwinqa | eyogwinqa | iyogwinqa | ayiyugwinqa | engeyugwinqa | ingeyugwinqa |
| Class 5 | liyogwinqa | eliyogwinqa | liyogwinqa | aliyugwinqa | elingeyugwinqa | lingeyugwinqa |
| Class 6 | ayogwinqa | ayogwinqa | eyogwinqa | awayugwinqa | angeyugwinqa | engeyugwinqa |
| Class 7 | siyogwinqa | esiyogwinqa | siyogwinqa | asiyugwinqa | esingeyugwinqa | singeyugwinqa |
| Class 8 | ziyogwinqa | eziyogwinqa | ziyogwinqa | aziyugwinqa | ezingeyugwinqa | zingeyugwinqa |
| Class 9 | iyogwinqa | eyogwinqa | iyogwinqa | ayiyugwinqa | engeyugwinqa | ingeyugwinqa |
| Class 10 | ziyogwinqa | eziyogwinqa | ziyogwinqa | aziyugwinqa | ezingeyugwinqa | zingeyugwinqa |
| Class 11 | luyogwinqa | oluyogwinqa | luyogwinqa | aluyugwinqa | olungeyugwinqa | lungeyugwinqa |
| Class 14 | buyogwinqa | obuyogwinqa | buyogwinqa | abuyugwinqa | obungeyugwinqa | bungeyugwinqa |
| Class 15 | kuyogwinqa | okuyogwinqa | kuyogwinqa | akuyugwinqa | okungeyugwinqa | kungeyugwinqa |
| Class 17 | kuyogwinqa | okuyogwinqa | kuyogwinqa | akuyugwinqa | okungeyugwinqa | kungeyugwinqa |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngigwinqe | ngingagwinqi |
| 2nd singular | ugwinqe | ungagwinqi |
| 1st plural | sigwinqe | singagwinqi |
| 2nd plural | nigwinqe | ningagwinqi |
| Class 1 | agwinqe | angagwinqi |
| Class 2 | bagwinqe | bangagwinqi |
| Class 3 | ugwinqe | ungagwinqi |
| Class 4 | igwinqe | ingagwinqi |
| Class 5 | ligwinqe | lingagwinqi |
| Class 6 | agwinqe | angagwinqi |
| Class 7 | sigwinqe | singagwinqi |
| Class 8 | zigwinqe | zingagwinqi |
| Class 9 | igwinqe | ingagwinqi |
| Class 10 | zigwinqe | zingagwinqi |
| Class 11 | lugwinqe | lungagwinqi |
| Class 14 | bugwinqe | bungagwinqi |
| Class 15 | kugwinqe | kungagwinqi |
| Class 17 | kugwinqe | kungagwinqi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngagwinqa | ngangagwinqa, angagwinqa, angangagwinqa |
| 2nd singular | wagwinqa | wangagwinqa, awagwinqa, awangagwinqa |
| 1st plural | sagwinqa | sangagwinqa, asagwinqa, asangagwinqa |
| 2nd plural | nagwinqa | nangagwinqa, anagwinqa, anangagwinqa |
| Class 1 | wagwinqa | wangagwinqa, akagwinqa, akangagwinqa |
| Class 2 | bagwinqa | bangagwinqa, abagwinqa, abangagwinqa |
| Class 3 | wagwinqa | wangagwinqa, awagwinqa, awangagwinqa |
| Class 4 | yagwinqa | yangagwinqa, ayagwinqa, ayangagwinqa |
| Class 5 | lagwinqa | langagwinqa, alagwinqa, alangagwinqa |
| Class 6 | agwinqa | angagwinqa, awagwinqa, awangagwinqa |
| Class 7 | sagwinqa | sangagwinqa, asagwinqa, asangagwinqa |
| Class 8 | zagwinqa | zangagwinqa, azagwinqa, azangagwinqa |
| Class 9 | yagwinqa | yangagwinqa, ayagwinqa, ayangagwinqa |
| Class 10 | zagwinqa | zangagwinqa, azagwinqa, azangagwinqa |
| Class 11 | lwagwinqa | lwangagwinqa, alwagwinqa, alwangagwinqa |
| Class 14 | bagwinqa | bangagwinqa, abagwinqa, abangagwinqa |
| Class 15 | kwagwinqa | kwangagwinqa, akwagwinqa, akwangagwinqa |
| Class 17 | kwagwinqa | kwangagwinqa, akwagwinqa, akwangagwinqa |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gwinqa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gwinqa (6.3)”