# lingisa
## Zulu
### Etymology

From -linga +‎ -isa.

### Verb

-lingísa
* (transitive) to imitate, to mimic, to copy
    Synonym: -sika

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukulingisa |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukulingisa | ukungalingisi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | lingisa | -lingise |
| Plural | lingisani | -lingiseni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyalingisa, ngilingisa | engilingisayo, engilingisa | ngilingisa | angilingisi | engingalingisi | ngingalingisi |
| 2nd singular | uyalingisa, ulingisa | olingisayo, olingisa | ulingisa | awulingisi | ongalingisi | ungalingisi |
| 1st plural | siyalingisa, silingisa | esilingisayo, esilingisa | silingisa | asilingisi | esingalingisi | singalingisi |
| 2nd plural | niyalingisa, nilingisa | enilingisayo, enilingisa | nilingisa | anilingisi | eningalingisi | ningalingisi |
| Class 1 | uyalingisa, ulingisa | olingisayo, olingisa | elingisa | akalingisi | ongalingisi | engalingisi |
| Class 2 | bayalingisa, balingisa | abalingisayo, abalingisa | belingisa | abalingisi | abangalingisi | bengalingisi |
| Class 3 | uyalingisa, ulingisa | olingisayo, olingisa | ulingisa | awulingisi | ongalingisi | ungalingisi |
| Class 4 | iyalingisa, ilingisa | elingisayo, elingisa | ilingisa | ayilingisi | engalingisi | ingalingisi |
| Class 5 | liyalingisa, lilingisa | elilingisayo, elilingisa | lilingisa | alilingisi | elingalingisi | lingalingisi |
| Class 6 | ayalingisa, alingisa | alingisayo, alingisa | elingisa | awalingisi | angalingisi | engalingisi |
| Class 7 | siyalingisa, silingisa | esilingisayo, esilingisa | silingisa | asilingisi | esingalingisi | singalingisi |
| Class 8 | ziyalingisa, zilingisa | ezilingisayo, ezilingisa | zilingisa | azilingisi | ezingalingisi | zingalingisi |
| Class 9 | iyalingisa, ilingisa | elingisayo, elingisa | ilingisa | ayilingisi | engalingisi | ingalingisi |
| Class 10 | ziyalingisa, zilingisa | ezilingisayo, ezilingisa | zilingisa | azilingisi | ezingalingisi | zingalingisi |
| Class 11 | luyalingisa, lulingisa | olulingisayo, olulingisa | lulingisa | alulingisi | olungalingisi | lungalingisi |
| Class 14 | buyalingisa, bulingisa | obulingisayo, obulingisa | bulingisa | abulingisi | obungalingisi | bungalingisi |
| Class 15 | kuyalingisa, kulingisa | okulingisayo, okulingisa | kulingisa | akulingisi | okungalingisi | kungalingisi |
| Class 17 | kuyalingisa, kulingisa | okulingisayo, okulingisa | kulingisa | akulingisi | okungalingisi | kungalingisi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngilingisile, ngilingisē | engilingisile, engilingisē | ngilingisile, ngilingisē | angilingisanga | engingalingisanga | ngingalingisanga |
| 2nd singular | ulingisile, ulingisē | olingisile, olingisē | ulingisile, ulingisē | awulingisanga | ongalingisanga | ungalingisanga |
| 1st plural | silingisile, silingisē | esilingisile, esilingisē | silingisile, silingisē | asilingisanga | esingalingisanga | singalingisanga |
| 2nd plural | nilingisile, nilingisē | enilingisile, enilingisē | nilingisile, nilingisē | anilingisanga | eningalingisanga | ningalingisanga |
| Class 1 | ulingisile, ulingisē | olingisile, olingisē | elingisile, elingisē | akalingisanga | ongalingisanga | engalingisanga |
| Class 2 | balingisile, balingisē | abalingisile, abalingisē | belingisile, belingisē | abalingisanga | abangalingisanga | bengalingisanga |
| Class 3 | ulingisile, ulingisē | olingisile, olingisē | ulingisile, ulingisē | awulingisanga | ongalingisanga | ungalingisanga |
| Class 4 | ilingisile, ilingisē | elingisile, elingisē | ilingisile, ilingisē | ayilingisanga | engalingisanga | ingalingisanga |
| Class 5 | lilingisile, lilingisē | elilingisile, elilingisē | lilingisile, lilingisē | alilingisanga | elingalingisanga | lingalingisanga |
| Class 6 | alingisile, alingisē | alingisile, alingisē | elingisile, elingisē | awalingisanga | angalingisanga | engalingisanga |
| Class 7 | silingisile, silingisē | esilingisile, esilingisē | silingisile, silingisē | asilingisanga | esingalingisanga | singalingisanga |
| Class 8 | zilingisile, zilingisē | ezilingisile, ezilingisē | zilingisile, zilingisē | azilingisanga | ezingalingisanga | zingalingisanga |
| Class 9 | ilingisile, ilingisē | elingisile, elingisē | ilingisile, ilingisē | ayilingisanga | engalingisanga | ingalingisanga |
| Class 10 | zilingisile, zilingisē | ezilingisile, ezilingisē | zilingisile, zilingisē | azilingisanga | ezingalingisanga | zingalingisanga |
| Class 11 | lulingisile, lulingisē | olulingisile, olulingisē | lulingisile, lulingisē | alulingisanga | olungalingisanga | lungalingisanga |
| Class 14 | bulingisile, bulingisē | obulingisile, obulingisē | bulingisile, bulingisē | abulingisanga | obungalingisanga | bungalingisanga |
| Class 15 | kulingisile, kulingisē | okulingisile, okulingisē | kulingisile, kulingisē | akulingisanga | okungalingisanga | kungalingisanga |
| Class 17 | kulingisile, kulingisē | okulingisile, okulingisē | kulingisile, kulingisē | akulingisanga | okungalingisanga | kungalingisanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngālingisa | engālingisa | ngālingisa | angilingisanga | engingalingisanga | ngingalingisanga |
| 2nd singular | wālingisa | owālingisa | wālingisa | awulingisanga | ongalingisanga | ungalingisanga |
| 1st plural | sālingisa | esālingisa | sālingisa | asilingisanga | esingalingisanga | singalingisanga |
| 2nd plural | nālingisa | enālingisa | nālingisa | anilingisanga | eningalingisanga | ningalingisanga |
| Class 1 | wālingisa | owālingisa | ālingisa | akalingisanga | ongalingisanga | engalingisanga |
| Class 2 | bālingisa | abālingisa | bālingisa | abalingisanga | abangalingisanga | bengalingisanga |
| Class 3 | wālingisa | owālingisa | wālingisa | awulingisanga | ongalingisanga | ungalingisanga |
| Class 4 | yālingisa | eyālingisa | yālingisa | ayilingisanga | engalingisanga | ingalingisanga |
| Class 5 | lālingisa | elālingisa | lālingisa | alilingisanga | elingalingisanga | lingalingisanga |
| Class 6 | ālingisa | ālingisa | ālingisa | awalingisanga | angalingisanga | engalingisanga |
| Class 7 | sālingisa | esālingisa | sālingisa | asilingisanga | esingalingisanga | singalingisanga |
| Class 8 | zālingisa | ezālingisa | zālingisa | azilingisanga | ezingalingisanga | zingalingisanga |
| Class 9 | yālingisa | eyālingisa | yālingisa | ayilingisanga | engalingisanga | ingalingisanga |
| Class 10 | zālingisa | ezālingisa | zālingisa | azilingisanga | ezingalingisanga | zingalingisanga |
| Class 11 | lwālingisa | olwālingisa | lwālingisa | alulingisanga | olungalingisanga | lungalingisanga |
| Class 14 | bālingisa | obālingisa | bālingisa | abulingisanga | obungalingisanga | bungalingisanga |
| Class 15 | kwālingisa | okwālingisa | kwālingisa | akulingisanga | okungalingisanga | kungalingisanga |
| Class 17 | kwālingisa | okwālingisa | kwālingisa | akulingisanga | okungalingisanga | kungalingisanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingalingisa | — | ngingalingisa | ngingelingise | — | ngingelingise |
| 2nd singular | ungalingisa | — | ungalingisa | ungelingise | — | ungelingise |
| 1st plural | singalingisa | — | singalingisa | singelingise | — | singelingise |
| 2nd plural | ningalingisa | — | ningalingisa | ningelingise | — | ningelingise |
| Class 1 | angalingisa | — | engalingisa | angelingise | — | engelingise |
| Class 2 | bangalingisa | — | bengalingisa | bangelingise | — | bengelingise |
| Class 3 | ungalingisa | — | ungalingisa | ungelingise | — | ungelingise |
| Class 4 | ingalingisa | — | ingalingisa | ingelingise | — | ingelingise |
| Class 5 | lingalingisa | — | lingalingisa | lingelingise | — | lingelingise |
| Class 6 | angalingisa | — | engalingisa | angelingise | — | engelingise |
| Class 7 | singalingisa | — | singalingisa | singelingise | — | singelingise |
| Class 8 | zingalingisa | — | zingalingisa | zingelingise | — | zingelingise |
| Class 9 | ingalingisa | — | ingalingisa | ingelingise | — | ingelingise |
| Class 10 | zingalingisa | — | zingalingisa | zingelingise | — | zingelingise |
| Class 11 | lungalingisa | — | lungalingisa | lungelingise | — | lungelingise |
| Class 14 | bungalingisa | — | bungalingisa | bungelingise | — | bungelingise |
| Class 15 | kungalingisa | — | kungalingisa | kungelingise | — | kungelingise |
| Class 17 | kungalingisa | — | kungalingisa | kungelingise | — | kungelingise |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizolingisa | engizolingisa | ngizolingisa | angizulingisa | engingezulingisa | ngingezulingisa |
| 2nd singular | uzolingisa | ozolingisa | uzolingisa | awuzulingisa | ongezulingisa | ungezulingisa |
| 1st plural | sizolingisa | esizolingisa | sizolingisa | asizulingisa | esingezulingisa | singezulingisa |
| 2nd plural | nizolingisa | enizolingisa | nizolingisa | anizulingisa | eningezulingisa | ningezulingisa |
| Class 1 | uzolingisa | ozolingisa | ezolingisa | akazulingisa | ongezulingisa | engezulingisa |
| Class 2 | bazolingisa | abazolingisa | bezolingisa | abazulingisa | abangezulingisa | bengezulingisa |
| Class 3 | uzolingisa | ozolingisa | uzolingisa | awuzulingisa | ongezulingisa | ungezulingisa |
| Class 4 | izolingisa | ezolingisa | izolingisa | ayizulingisa | engezulingisa | ingezulingisa |
| Class 5 | lizolingisa | elizolingisa | lizolingisa | alizulingisa | elingezulingisa | lingezulingisa |
| Class 6 | azolingisa | azolingisa | ezolingisa | awazulingisa | angezulingisa | engezulingisa |
| Class 7 | sizolingisa | esizolingisa | sizolingisa | asizulingisa | esingezulingisa | singezulingisa |
| Class 8 | zizolingisa | ezizolingisa | zizolingisa | azizulingisa | ezingezulingisa | zingezulingisa |
| Class 9 | izolingisa | ezolingisa | izolingisa | ayizulingisa | engezulingisa | ingezulingisa |
| Class 10 | zizolingisa | ezizolingisa | zizolingisa | azizulingisa | ezingezulingisa | zingezulingisa |
| Class 11 | luzolingisa | oluzolingisa | luzolingisa | aluzulingisa | olungezulingisa | lungezulingisa |
| Class 14 | buzolingisa | obuzolingisa | buzolingisa | abuzulingisa | obungezulingisa | bungezulingisa |
| Class 15 | kuzolingisa | okuzolingisa | kuzolingisa | akuzulingisa | okungezulingisa | kungezulingisa |
| Class 17 | kuzolingisa | okuzolingisa | kuzolingisa | akuzulingisa | okungezulingisa | kungezulingisa |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyolingisa | engiyolingisa | ngiyolingisa | angiyulingisa | engingeyulingisa | ngingeyulingisa |
| 2nd singular | uyolingisa | oyolingisa | uyolingisa | awuyulingisa | ongeyulingisa | ungeyulingisa |
| 1st plural | siyolingisa | esiyolingisa | siyolingisa | asiyulingisa | esingeyulingisa | singeyulingisa |
| 2nd plural | niyolingisa | eniyolingisa | niyolingisa | aniyulingisa | eningeyulingisa | ningeyulingisa |
| Class 1 | uyolingisa | oyolingisa | eyolingisa | akayulingisa | ongeyulingisa | engeyulingisa |
| Class 2 | bayolingisa | abayolingisa | beyolingisa | abayulingisa | abangeyulingisa | bengeyulingisa |
| Class 3 | uyolingisa | oyolingisa | uyolingisa | awuyulingisa | ongeyulingisa | ungeyulingisa |
| Class 4 | iyolingisa | eyolingisa | iyolingisa | ayiyulingisa | engeyulingisa | ingeyulingisa |
| Class 5 | liyolingisa | eliyolingisa | liyolingisa | aliyulingisa | elingeyulingisa | lingeyulingisa |
| Class 6 | ayolingisa | ayolingisa | eyolingisa | awayulingisa | angeyulingisa | engeyulingisa |
| Class 7 | siyolingisa | esiyolingisa | siyolingisa | asiyulingisa | esingeyulingisa | singeyulingisa |
| Class 8 | ziyolingisa | eziyolingisa | ziyolingisa | aziyulingisa | ezingeyulingisa | zingeyulingisa |
| Class 9 | iyolingisa | eyolingisa | iyolingisa | ayiyulingisa | engeyulingisa | ingeyulingisa |
| Class 10 | ziyolingisa | eziyolingisa | ziyolingisa | aziyulingisa | ezingeyulingisa | zingeyulingisa |
| Class 11 | luyolingisa | oluyolingisa | luyolingisa | aluyulingisa | olungeyulingisa | lungeyulingisa |
| Class 14 | buyolingisa | obuyolingisa | buyolingisa | abuyulingisa | obungeyulingisa | bungeyulingisa |
| Class 15 | kuyolingisa | okuyolingisa | kuyolingisa | akuyulingisa | okungeyulingisa | kungeyulingisa |
| Class 17 | kuyolingisa | okuyolingisa | kuyolingisa | akuyulingisa | okungeyulingisa | kungeyulingisa |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngilingise | ngingalingisi |
| 2nd singular | ulingise | ungalingisi |
| 1st plural | silingise | singalingisi |
| 2nd plural | nilingise | ningalingisi |
| Class 1 | alingise | angalingisi |
| Class 2 | balingise | bangalingisi |
| Class 3 | ulingise | ungalingisi |
| Class 4 | ilingise | ingalingisi |
| Class 5 | lilingise | lingalingisi |
| Class 6 | alingise | angalingisi |
| Class 7 | silingise | singalingisi |
| Class 8 | zilingise | zingalingisi |
| Class 9 | ilingise | ingalingisi |
| Class 10 | zilingise | zingalingisi |
| Class 11 | lulingise | lungalingisi |
| Class 14 | bulingise | bungalingisi |
| Class 15 | kulingise | kungalingisi |
| Class 17 | kulingise | kungalingisi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngalingisa | ngangalingisa, angalingisa, angangalingisa |
| 2nd singular | walingisa | wangalingisa, awalingisa, awangalingisa |
| 1st plural | salingisa | sangalingisa, asalingisa, asangalingisa |
| 2nd plural | nalingisa | nangalingisa, analingisa, anangalingisa |
| Class 1 | walingisa | wangalingisa, akalingisa, akangalingisa |
| Class 2 | balingisa | bangalingisa, abalingisa, abangalingisa |
| Class 3 | walingisa | wangalingisa, awalingisa, awangalingisa |
| Class 4 | yalingisa | yangalingisa, ayalingisa, ayangalingisa |
| Class 5 | lalingisa | langalingisa, alalingisa, alangalingisa |
| Class 6 | alingisa | angalingisa, awalingisa, awangalingisa |
| Class 7 | salingisa | sangalingisa, asalingisa, asangalingisa |
| Class 8 | zalingisa | zangalingisa, azalingisa, azangalingisa |
| Class 9 | yalingisa | yangalingisa, ayalingisa, ayangalingisa |
| Class 10 | zalingisa | zangalingisa, azalingisa, azangalingisa |
| Class 11 | lwalingisa | lwangalingisa, alwalingisa, alwangalingisa |
| Class 14 | balingisa | bangalingisa, abalingisa, abangalingisa |
| Class 15 | kwalingisa | kwangalingisa, akwalingisa, akwangalingisa |
| Class 17 | kwalingisa | kwangalingisa, akwalingisa, akwangalingisa |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “lingisa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “lingisa (3.2.9)”