# díabul
## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdʲiːa̯βul]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *dwēblos (“double”), a full-grade derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two”). Compare Gothic 𐍄𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍆𐌻 (tweifl, “doubt”) and Latin duplus.

#### Adjective

díabul
* double
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 97$^d$10
    Is peccad díabul lesom .i. fodord doib di dommatu, ⁊ du·fúairthed ní leu fora sáith din main, ⁊ todlugud inna féulæ ɔ amairis nánda·tibérad Día doïb, ⁊ nach coimnacuir ⁊ issi dano insin ind frescissiu co fochaid.It is a double sin in his opinion, i.e. the murmuring by them of want, although there remained some of the manna with them upon their satiety, and demanding the meat with faithlessness that Good would not give it to them, and [even] that he could not; therefore that is the expectation with testing.
** c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 8$^a$6
    a buith ar chonsain diabuilits being for a double consonant

##### Inflection

o/ā-stem :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | díabul | díabul | díabul |
| Vocative | díabuil* díabul** | díabul | díabul |
| Accusative | díabul | díabuil | díabul |
| Genitive | díabuil | díabuile | díabuil |
| Dative | díabul | díabuil | díabul |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | Feminine/neuter |
| Nominative | díabuil | díabla | díabla |
| Vocative | díablu díabla† | díabla | díabla |
| Accusative | díablu díabla† | díabla | díabla |
| Genitive | díabul | díabul | díabul |
| Dative | díablaib | díablaib | díablaib |
| Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized |

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: díabul

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 díabul”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Etymology 2

From Latin diabolus (“devil”), from Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos, “slanderer”).

#### Noun

díabul m (genitive díabuil)
* the devil
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22$^d$11
    Gaibid armma Dǽ foirib do chathugud fri díabol!Take up the arms of God upon you to fight against the Devil!
** c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 21, pages 115-179:Tunc dixit Mocholmocc: "Ba ro-fattai ind re-sin do scarad fri diabul ⁊ do neph-tuidechd co Dia, ar is and do·tháod-som im muindterus nDé intan asind·geldai."Then Mocholmocc said: "That is too long of a time to part from the Devil but not come to God, for it is when he makes such a vow that a man comes into membership of God’s family.
** c. 850, Carlsruhe Glosses on St Augustine’s Soliloquia, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. 2, pp. 1–9, Acr. 1$^a$4
    In mess du·choaid for díabul is hǽ rigas forru.The judgment that has gone upon the Devil is that which will go upon them.

##### Inflection

Masculine o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | díabul | díabul$^L$ | díabuil$^L$ |
| Vocative | díabuil | díabul$^L$ | díablu$^H$ |
| Accusative | díabul$^N$ | díabul$^L$ | díablu$^H$ |
| Genitive | díabuil$^L$ | díabul | díabul$^N$ |
| Dative | díabul$^L$ | díablaib | díablaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: díabul
** Irish: diabhal
** Scottish Gaelic: diabhal
** Manx: jouyl

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 díabul”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*dwēblo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 110