# 蕃息
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fánxī, fánxí
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˊ ㄒㄧ, ㄈㄢˊ ㄒㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): faan$^4$ sik$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fánxī
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fánsi
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^2$-hsi$^1$
*** Yale: fán-syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farnshi
*** Palladius: фаньси (fanʹsi)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fánxí
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ ㄒㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fánsí
*** Wade–Giles: fan$^2$-hsi$^2$
*** Yale: fán-syí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farnshyi
*** Palladius: фаньси (fanʹsi)
*** Sinological IPA : /fän³⁵ ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: faan$^4$ sik$^1$
*** Yale: fàahn sīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: faan$^4$ sik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fan$^4$ xig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /faːn²¹ sɪk̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: bjon sik
Rime :
| Character | 蕃 | 息 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 附袁切 | 相即切 |
| Baxter | bjon | sik |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bʉɐn/ | /sɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bʷiɐn/ | /sɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biuɐn/ | /siek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buan/ | /sik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /biuɐn/ | /siək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭwɐn/ | /sĭək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱi̯wɐn/ | /si̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fán | xi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faan$^4$ | sik$^1$ |

### Verb

蕃息
* (literary) to multiply; to propagate; to proliferate
    From: Huainanzi, 2nd century BCE
    Dāng cǐ zhī shí, yīnyáng hépíng, fēngyǔ shíjié, wànwù fánxī. [Pinyin]
    At this time, yin and yang were balanced, the wind and rain were timely, and all living things proliferated.
    From: 張守節 (Zhang Shoujie), 《史記正義》
    Wáng wǒ Qíliánshān, shǐ wǒ liùxù bù fánxī. [Pinyin]
    We've lost our Qilian Mountains; our livestock cannot multiply.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 蕃 | 息 |
| はん Jinmeiyō | そく Grade: 3 |
| kan'on | goon |
* Alternative spelling
* 繁息

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はんそく [hàńsókú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [hã̠ɰ̃so̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

蕃(はん)息(そく) • (hansoku)
* multiplying, proliferating
    Synonym: 繁殖 (hanshoku)

### Verb

蕃(はん)息(そく)する • (hansoku suru) intransitive suru (stem 蕃(はん)息(そく)し (hansoku shi), past 蕃(はん)息(そく)した (hansoku shita))
* to multiply, to proliferate
    Synonym: 繁殖する (hanshoku suru)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 蕃息し | はんそくし | hansoku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 蕃息し | はんそくし | hansoku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 蕃息する | はんそくする | hansoku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 蕃息する | はんそくする | hansoku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 蕃息すれ | はんそくすれ | hansoku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 蕃息せよ¹ 蕃息しろ² | はんそくせよ¹ はんそくしろ² | hansoku seyo¹ hansoku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 蕃息される | はんそくされる | hansoku sareru |
| Causative | 蕃息させる 蕃息さす | はんそくさせる はんそくさす | hansoku saseru hansoku sasu |
| Potential | 蕃息できる | はんそくできる | hansoku dekiru |
| Volitional | 蕃息しよう | はんそくしよう | hansoku shiyō |
| Negative | 蕃息しない | はんそくしない | hansoku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 蕃息せず | はんそくせず | hansoku sezu |
| Formal | 蕃息します | はんそくします | hansoku shimasu |
| Perfective | 蕃息した | はんそくした | hansoku shita |
| Conjunctive | 蕃息して | はんそくして | hansoku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 蕃息すれば | はんそくすれば | hansoku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### See also

* Appendix:Gikun_Usage_in_Meiji_Version_of_Japanese_Bible/蕃息

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 蕃 | 息 |

### Noun

蕃息 • (beonsik) (hangeul 번식)
* hanja form of 번식