# 冚

| 冚 | U+519A, &#20890; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-519A |
| ← 写 [U+5199] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 军 → [U+519B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

冚 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 月山 (BU) or 難月山 (XBU), composition ⿱冖山)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 130, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 303, character 2
* Unihan data for U+519A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冖 (“cover”) + 山 (“mountain”).

### Etymology 1

Traditionally related to 𠖫 (gǎn, “to cover”) (Bai, 1980; You, 1992).
Bauer (1996) considers this to be part of an area word family in Southeast Asian languages: *khVm ~ *khVp ~ *kVm ~ *kVp ~ *k(h)l/rm/p. It is probably related to 扱 (kap1, “to cover; to imprint”). Compare Min Nan 崁 (khàm, “to cover”), Burmese ခြုံ (hkrum, “to cover; to wrap”), Proto-Tai *hɤmᴮ (“to cover (with cloth)”) (whence Zhuang hoemq and Thai ห่ม (hòm)). The root is found in many Sinitic dialects including Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien and Wenzhounese.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kǎn (kan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kam$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kem$^2$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): kam$^3$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): kam$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǎn
*** Wade–Giles: kʻan$^3$
*** Yale: kǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaan
*** Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰän²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kam$^2$
*** Yale: kám
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kam$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kem$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐm³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kem$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰem⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰam³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kam$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khàm
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰam²¹³/

#### Definitions

冚
* (Cantonese, Hakka) to cover
    冚埋本書／冚埋本书 [Cantonese] ― kam$^2$ maai$^4$ bun$^2$ syu$^1$ [Jyutping] ― close the book
       ngo$^5$ kam$^4$ maan$^5$ fan$^3$ gaau$^3$ kam$^2$ zo$^2$ loeng$^5$ zoeng$^1$ pei$^5$. [Jyutping]
       Last night, while sleeping, I put on two blankets.
       lo$^2$ jyun$^4$ m$^4$ goi$^1$ kam$^2$ faan$^1$ go$^3$ goi$^3$ [Jyutping]
       Please put the lid back on after taking it.
* (Cantonese) to cover up; to conceal; to prevent something from being discovered
* (Cantonese, Teochew) cover; lid
* (Cantonese) to raid (an illegal den)
* (Cantonese) to slap (someone) in the face
       keoi$^5$ bei$^2$ keoi$^5$ neoi$^5$ pang$^4$ jau$^5$ kam$^2$ zo$^2$ jat$^1$ baa$^1$. [Jyutping]
       He got a slap in the face from his girlfriend.
* (Cantonese) to cover (to be enough money for)
* (Cantonese) to overshadow; to dominate over

#### Compounds

* 兜巴冚
* 冚住
* 冚區旗／冚区旗
* 冚國旗／冚国旗
* 冚埋
* 冚場／冚场
* 冚斗
* 冚旗
* 冚棉胎
* 冚檔／冚档
* 冚波
* 冚竇／冚窦
* 冚蓋／冚盖
* 冚賭／冚赌
* 天冧當被冚／天冧当被冚
* 天跌落嚟當被冚／天跌落嚟当被冚
* 床冚
* 禾稈冚珍珠／禾秆冚珍珠
* 臭屎密冚
* 車頭冚／车头冚

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ham$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ham$^5$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ham$^6$
*** Yale: hahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ham$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hem$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐm²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ham$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ham³²/

#### Definitions

冚 (Cantonese)
* all; entire

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 整 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 整 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 整 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 整 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 成, 冚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 成, 冚 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 成 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 成, 冚 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 成 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 規 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 規 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 規 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 規 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 規 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 規 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 規 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 規 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 規 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 規 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 規 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 規 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 規 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 夠, 咸 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 夠, 咸 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 夠 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 成 |

#### Compounds

* 冚啲
* 冚唪唥
* 冚家
* 冚家富貴／冚家富贵
* 冚家拎
* 冚家祥
* 冚家鏟／冚家铲
* 墟冚

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): ham$^6$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ham$^6$
*** Yale: hahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ham$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hem$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐm²²/

#### Definitions

冚 (Cantonese)
* (of openings) tight; firm
       zek$^3$ coeng$^1$ saan$^1$ m$^4$ ham$^6$ zau$^6$ hou$^2$ ji$^6$ bei$^2$ fung$^1$ ceoi$^1$ faan$^1$ hoi$^1$. [Jyutping]
       If you don't close this window tight, the wind can easily blow it back open.

##### Compounds

* 佮佮冚