# 鳥瞰
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): niǎokàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄠˇ ㄎㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): niu$^5$ ham$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): niáu-khàm
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niǎokàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄠˇ ㄎㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: niǎokàn
*** Wade–Giles: niao$^3$-kʻan$^4$
*** Yale: nyǎu-kàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neaukann
*** Palladius: няокань (njaokanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: niu$^5$ ham$^3$
*** Yale: níuh ham
*** Cantonese Pinyin: niu$^5$ ham$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: niu$^5$ hem$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /niːu̯¹³ hɐm³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niáu-khàm
*** Tâi-lô: niáu-khàm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: niaw'qaxm
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /niãu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /niãu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰam²¹/

### Noun

鳥瞰
* general survey of a subject; bird's-eye view

#### Synonyms

* 事由 (shìyóu) (of an official document)
* 匯總／汇总 (huìzǒng)
* 大綱／大纲 (dàgāng)
* 大要 (dàyào)
* 小結／小结 (xiǎojié)
* 提綱／提纲 (tígāng)
* 提要 (tíyào)
* 摘要 (zhāiyào)
* 撮要 (cuōyào) (dated)
* 擇要／择要 (zéyào)
* 梗概 (gěnggài)
* 概括 (gàikuò)
* 概況／概况 (gàikuàng)
* 概略 (gàilüè)
* 概要 (gàiyào)
* 概說／概说 (gàishuō) (often used in book and chapter titles)
* 概貌 (gàimào)
* 概述 (gàishù)
* 綱要／纲要 (gāngyào)
* 綱領／纲领 (gānglǐng)
* 總結／总结 (zǒngjié)
* 總綱／总纲 (zǒnggāng)
* 要略 (yàolüè) (often used in book and chapter titles)
* 輪廓／轮廓 (lúnkuò)

### Verb

鳥瞰
* to overlook (a city, surroundings, etc.); to look down at; to get a bird's-eye view

#### Synonyms

* 俯看 (fǔkàn)
* 俯瞰 (fǔkàn)
* 俯視／俯视 (fǔshì)

#### Antonyms

* 仰望 (yǎngwàng)

### Derived terms

* 鳥瞰圖／鸟瞰图 (niǎokàntú)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 鳥 | 瞰 |
| ちょう Grade: 2 | かん Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 鳥観

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちょーかん [chòókáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡ɕo̞ːkã̠ɴ]

### Noun

鳥(ちょう)瞰(かん) • (chōkan)
* bird's-eye view

#### Synonyms

* 俯(ふ)瞰(かん) (fukan)

#### Derived terms

* 鳥(ちょう)瞰(かん)図(ず) (chōkanzu)
* 鳥(ちょう)瞰(かん)的(てき) (chōkanteki)

### Verb

鳥(ちょう)瞰(かん)する • (chōkan suru) transitive suru (stem 鳥(ちょう)瞰(かん)し (chōkan shi), past 鳥(ちょう)瞰(かん)した (chōkan shita))
* to overlook (a city, surroundings, etc.); to look down at; to get a bird's-eye view

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 鳥瞰し | ちょうかんし | chōkan shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 鳥瞰し | ちょうかんし | chōkan shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 鳥瞰する | ちょうかんする | chōkan suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 鳥瞰する | ちょうかんする | chōkan suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 鳥瞰すれ | ちょうかんすれ | chōkan sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 鳥瞰せよ¹ 鳥瞰しろ² | ちょうかんせよ¹ ちょうかんしろ² | chōkan seyo¹ chōkan shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 鳥瞰される | ちょうかんされる | chōkan sareru |
| Causative | 鳥瞰させる 鳥瞰さす | ちょうかんさせる ちょうかんさす | chōkan saseru chōkan sasu |
| Potential | 鳥瞰できる | ちょうかんできる | chōkan dekiru |
| Volitional | 鳥瞰しよう | ちょうかんしよう | chōkan shiyō |
| Negative | 鳥瞰しない | ちょうかんしない | chōkan shinai |
| Negative continuative | 鳥瞰せず | ちょうかんせず | chōkan sezu |
| Formal | 鳥瞰します | ちょうかんします | chōkan shimasu |
| Perfective | 鳥瞰した | ちょうかんした | chōkan shita |
| Conjunctive | 鳥瞰して | ちょうかんして | chōkan shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 鳥瞰すれば | ちょうかんすれば | chōkan sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 鳥 | 瞰 |

### Noun

鳥瞰 • (jogam) (hangeul 조감)
* hanja form of 조감