# swelakala
## Zulu
### Etymology

From -swela +‎ -akala.

### Verb

-swelákala
* (intransitive) to be lacking, to be necessary, to be needed, to be required, to be requisite

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuswelakala |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuswelakala | ukungaswelakali |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | swelakala | -swelakale |
| Plural | swelakalani | -swelakaleni |
| | Stative | Stative | Stative | Stative | Stative | Stative |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiswelakele | engiswelakele | ngiswelakele | angiswelakele | engingaswelakele | ngingaswelakele |
| 2nd singular | uswelakele | oswelakele | uswelakele | awuswelakele | ongaswelakele | ungaswelakele |
| 1st plural | siswelakele | esiswelakele | siswelakele | asiswelakele | esingaswelakele | singaswelakele |
| 2nd plural | niswelakele | eniswelakele | niswelakele | aniswelakele | eningaswelakele | ningaswelakele |
| Class 1 | uswelakele | oswelakele | eswelakele | akaswelakele | ongaswelakele | engaswelakele |
| Class 2 | baswelakele | abaswelakele | beswelakele | abaswelakele | abangaswelakele | bengaswelakele |
| Class 3 | uswelakele | oswelakele | uswelakele | awuswelakele | ongaswelakele | ongaswelakele |
| Class 4 | iswelakele | eswelakele | iswelakele | ayiswelakele | engaswelakele | ingaswelakele |
| Class 5 | liswelakele | eliswelakele | liswelakele | aliswelakele | elingaswelakele | lingaswelakele |
| Class 6 | aswelakele | aswelakele | eswelakele | awaswelakele | angaswelakele | engaswelakele |
| Class 7 | siswelakele | esiswelakele | siswelakele | asiswelakele | esingaswelakele | singaswelakele |
| Class 8 | ziswelakele | eziswelakele | ziswelakele | aziswelakele | ezingaswelakele | zingaswelakele |
| Class 9 | iswelakele | eswelakele | iswelakele | ayiswelakele | engaswelakele | ingaswelakele |
| Class 10 | ziswelakele | eziswelakele | ziswelakele | aziswelakele | ezingaswelakele | zingaswelakele |
| Class 11 | luswelakele | oluswelakele | luswelakele | aluswelakele | olungaswelakele | lungaswelakele |
| Class 14 | buswelakele | obuswelakele | buswelakele | abuswelakele | obungaswelakele | bungaswelakele |
| Class 15 | kuswelakele | okuswelakele | kuswelakele | akuswelakele | okungaswelakele | kungaswelakele |
| Class 17 | kuswelakele | okuswelakele | kuswelakele | akuswelakele | okungaswelakele | kungaswelakele |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaswelakala, ngiswelakala | engiswelakalayo, engiswelakala | ngiswelakala | angiswelakali | engingaswelakali | ngingaswelakali |
| 2nd singular | uyaswelakala, uswelakala | oswelakalayo, oswelakala | uswelakala | awuswelakali | ongaswelakali | ungaswelakali |
| 1st plural | siyaswelakala, siswelakala | esiswelakalayo, esiswelakala | siswelakala | asiswelakali | esingaswelakali | singaswelakali |
| 2nd plural | niyaswelakala, niswelakala | eniswelakalayo, eniswelakala | niswelakala | aniswelakali | eningaswelakali | ningaswelakali |
| Class 1 | uyaswelakala, uswelakala | oswelakalayo, oswelakala | eswelakala | akaswelakali | ongaswelakali | engaswelakali |
| Class 2 | bayaswelakala, baswelakala | abaswelakalayo, abaswelakala | beswelakala | abaswelakali | abangaswelakali | bengaswelakali |
| Class 3 | uyaswelakala, uswelakala | oswelakalayo, oswelakala | uswelakala | awuswelakali | ongaswelakali | ungaswelakali |
| Class 4 | iyaswelakala, iswelakala | eswelakalayo, eswelakala | iswelakala | ayiswelakali | engaswelakali | ingaswelakali |
| Class 5 | liyaswelakala, liswelakala | eliswelakalayo, eliswelakala | liswelakala | aliswelakali | elingaswelakali | lingaswelakali |
| Class 6 | ayaswelakala, aswelakala | aswelakalayo, aswelakala | eswelakala | awaswelakali | angaswelakali | engaswelakali |
| Class 7 | siyaswelakala, siswelakala | esiswelakalayo, esiswelakala | siswelakala | asiswelakali | esingaswelakali | singaswelakali |
| Class 8 | ziyaswelakala, ziswelakala | eziswelakalayo, eziswelakala | ziswelakala | aziswelakali | ezingaswelakali | zingaswelakali |
| Class 9 | iyaswelakala, iswelakala | eswelakalayo, eswelakala | iswelakala | ayiswelakali | engaswelakali | ingaswelakali |
| Class 10 | ziyaswelakala, ziswelakala | eziswelakalayo, eziswelakala | ziswelakala | aziswelakali | ezingaswelakali | zingaswelakali |
| Class 11 | luyaswelakala, luswelakala | oluswelakalayo, oluswelakala | luswelakala | aluswelakali | olungaswelakali | lungaswelakali |
| Class 14 | buyaswelakala, buswelakala | obuswelakalayo, obuswelakala | buswelakala | abuswelakali | obungaswelakali | bungaswelakali |
| Class 15 | kuyaswelakala, kuswelakala | okuswelakalayo, okuswelakala | kuswelakala | akuswelakali | okungaswelakali | kungaswelakali |
| Class 17 | kuyaswelakala, kuswelakala | okuswelakalayo, okuswelakala | kuswelakala | akuswelakali | okungaswelakali | kungaswelakali |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiswelakalile, ngiswelakalē | engiswelakalile, engiswelakalē | ngiswelakalile, ngiswelakalē | angiswelakalanga | engingaswelakalanga | ngingaswelakalanga |
| 2nd singular | uswelakalile, uswelakalē | oswelakalile, oswelakalē | uswelakalile, uswelakalē | awuswelakalanga | ongaswelakalanga | ungaswelakalanga |
| 1st plural | siswelakalile, siswelakalē | esiswelakalile, esiswelakalē | siswelakalile, siswelakalē | asiswelakalanga | esingaswelakalanga | singaswelakalanga |
| 2nd plural | niswelakalile, niswelakalē | eniswelakalile, eniswelakalē | niswelakalile, niswelakalē | aniswelakalanga | eningaswelakalanga | ningaswelakalanga |
| Class 1 | uswelakalile, uswelakalē | oswelakalile, oswelakalē | eswelakalile, eswelakalē | akaswelakalanga | ongaswelakalanga | engaswelakalanga |
| Class 2 | baswelakalile, baswelakalē | abaswelakalile, abaswelakalē | beswelakalile, beswelakalē | abaswelakalanga | abangaswelakalanga | bengaswelakalanga |
| Class 3 | uswelakalile, uswelakalē | oswelakalile, oswelakalē | uswelakalile, uswelakalē | awuswelakalanga | ongaswelakalanga | ungaswelakalanga |
| Class 4 | iswelakalile, iswelakalē | eswelakalile, eswelakalē | iswelakalile, iswelakalē | ayiswelakalanga | engaswelakalanga | ingaswelakalanga |
| Class 5 | liswelakalile, liswelakalē | eliswelakalile, eliswelakalē | liswelakalile, liswelakalē | aliswelakalanga | elingaswelakalanga | lingaswelakalanga |
| Class 6 | aswelakalile, aswelakalē | aswelakalile, aswelakalē | eswelakalile, eswelakalē | awaswelakalanga | angaswelakalanga | engaswelakalanga |
| Class 7 | siswelakalile, siswelakalē | esiswelakalile, esiswelakalē | siswelakalile, siswelakalē | asiswelakalanga | esingaswelakalanga | singaswelakalanga |
| Class 8 | ziswelakalile, ziswelakalē | eziswelakalile, eziswelakalē | ziswelakalile, ziswelakalē | aziswelakalanga | ezingaswelakalanga | zingaswelakalanga |
| Class 9 | iswelakalile, iswelakalē | eswelakalile, eswelakalē | iswelakalile, iswelakalē | ayiswelakalanga | engaswelakalanga | ingaswelakalanga |
| Class 10 | ziswelakalile, ziswelakalē | eziswelakalile, eziswelakalē | ziswelakalile, ziswelakalē | aziswelakalanga | ezingaswelakalanga | zingaswelakalanga |
| Class 11 | luswelakalile, luswelakalē | oluswelakalile, oluswelakalē | luswelakalile, luswelakalē | aluswelakalanga | olungaswelakalanga | lungaswelakalanga |
| Class 14 | buswelakalile, buswelakalē | obuswelakalile, obuswelakalē | buswelakalile, buswelakalē | abuswelakalanga | obungaswelakalanga | bungaswelakalanga |
| Class 15 | kuswelakalile, kuswelakalē | okuswelakalile, okuswelakalē | kuswelakalile, kuswelakalē | akuswelakalanga | okungaswelakalanga | kungaswelakalanga |
| Class 17 | kuswelakalile, kuswelakalē | okuswelakalile, okuswelakalē | kuswelakalile, kuswelakalē | akuswelakalanga | okungaswelakalanga | kungaswelakalanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāswelakala | engāswelakala | ngāswelakala | angiswelakalanga | engingaswelakalanga | ngingaswelakalanga |
| 2nd singular | wāswelakala | owāswelakala | wāswelakala | awuswelakalanga | ongaswelakalanga | ungaswelakalanga |
| 1st plural | sāswelakala | esāswelakala | sāswelakala | asiswelakalanga | esingaswelakalanga | singaswelakalanga |
| 2nd plural | nāswelakala | enāswelakala | nāswelakala | aniswelakalanga | eningaswelakalanga | ningaswelakalanga |
| Class 1 | wāswelakala | owāswelakala | āswelakala | akaswelakalanga | ongaswelakalanga | engaswelakalanga |
| Class 2 | bāswelakala | abāswelakala | bāswelakala | abaswelakalanga | abangaswelakalanga | bengaswelakalanga |
| Class 3 | wāswelakala | owāswelakala | wāswelakala | awuswelakalanga | ongaswelakalanga | ungaswelakalanga |
| Class 4 | yāswelakala | eyāswelakala | yāswelakala | ayiswelakalanga | engaswelakalanga | ingaswelakalanga |
| Class 5 | lāswelakala | elāswelakala | lāswelakala | aliswelakalanga | elingaswelakalanga | lingaswelakalanga |
| Class 6 | āswelakala | āswelakala | āswelakala | awaswelakalanga | angaswelakalanga | engaswelakalanga |
| Class 7 | sāswelakala | esāswelakala | sāswelakala | asiswelakalanga | esingaswelakalanga | singaswelakalanga |
| Class 8 | zāswelakala | ezāswelakala | zāswelakala | aziswelakalanga | ezingaswelakalanga | zingaswelakalanga |
| Class 9 | yāswelakala | eyāswelakala | yāswelakala | ayiswelakalanga | engaswelakalanga | ingaswelakalanga |
| Class 10 | zāswelakala | ezāswelakala | zāswelakala | aziswelakalanga | ezingaswelakalanga | zingaswelakalanga |
| Class 11 | lwāswelakala | olwāswelakala | lwāswelakala | aluswelakalanga | olungaswelakalanga | lungaswelakalanga |
| Class 14 | bāswelakala | obāswelakala | bāswelakala | abuswelakalanga | obungaswelakalanga | bungaswelakalanga |
| Class 15 | kwāswelakala | okwāswelakala | kwāswelakala | akuswelakalanga | okungaswelakalanga | kungaswelakalanga |
| Class 17 | kwāswelakala | okwāswelakala | kwāswelakala | akuswelakalanga | okungaswelakalanga | kungaswelakalanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaswelakala | — | ngingaswelakala | ngingeswelakale | — | ngingeswelakale |
| 2nd singular | ungaswelakala | — | ungaswelakala | ungeswelakale | — | ungeswelakale |
| 1st plural | singaswelakala | — | singaswelakala | singeswelakale | — | singeswelakale |
| 2nd plural | ningaswelakala | — | ningaswelakala | ningeswelakale | — | ningeswelakale |
| Class 1 | angaswelakala | — | engaswelakala | angeswelakale | — | engeswelakale |
| Class 2 | bangaswelakala | — | bengaswelakala | bangeswelakale | — | bengeswelakale |
| Class 3 | ungaswelakala | — | ungaswelakala | ungeswelakale | — | ungeswelakale |
| Class 4 | ingaswelakala | — | ingaswelakala | ingeswelakale | — | ingeswelakale |
| Class 5 | lingaswelakala | — | lingaswelakala | lingeswelakale | — | lingeswelakale |
| Class 6 | angaswelakala | — | engaswelakala | angeswelakale | — | engeswelakale |
| Class 7 | singaswelakala | — | singaswelakala | singeswelakale | — | singeswelakale |
| Class 8 | zingaswelakala | — | zingaswelakala | zingeswelakale | — | zingeswelakale |
| Class 9 | ingaswelakala | — | ingaswelakala | ingeswelakale | — | ingeswelakale |
| Class 10 | zingaswelakala | — | zingaswelakala | zingeswelakale | — | zingeswelakale |
| Class 11 | lungaswelakala | — | lungaswelakala | lungeswelakale | — | lungeswelakale |
| Class 14 | bungaswelakala | — | bungaswelakala | bungeswelakale | — | bungeswelakale |
| Class 15 | kungaswelakala | — | kungaswelakala | kungeswelakale | — | kungeswelakale |
| Class 17 | kungaswelakala | — | kungaswelakala | kungeswelakale | — | kungeswelakale |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoswelakala | engizoswelakala | ngizoswelakala | angizuswelakala | engingezuswelakala | ngingezuswelakala |
| 2nd singular | uzoswelakala | ozoswelakala | uzoswelakala | awuzuswelakala | ongezuswelakala | ungezuswelakala |
| 1st plural | sizoswelakala | esizoswelakala | sizoswelakala | asizuswelakala | esingezuswelakala | singezuswelakala |
| 2nd plural | nizoswelakala | enizoswelakala | nizoswelakala | anizuswelakala | eningezuswelakala | ningezuswelakala |
| Class 1 | uzoswelakala | ozoswelakala | ezoswelakala | akazuswelakala | ongezuswelakala | engezuswelakala |
| Class 2 | bazoswelakala | abazoswelakala | bezoswelakala | abazuswelakala | abangezuswelakala | bengezuswelakala |
| Class 3 | uzoswelakala | ozoswelakala | uzoswelakala | awuzuswelakala | ongezuswelakala | ungezuswelakala |
| Class 4 | izoswelakala | ezoswelakala | izoswelakala | ayizuswelakala | engezuswelakala | ingezuswelakala |
| Class 5 | lizoswelakala | elizoswelakala | lizoswelakala | alizuswelakala | elingezuswelakala | lingezuswelakala |
| Class 6 | azoswelakala | azoswelakala | ezoswelakala | awazuswelakala | angezuswelakala | engezuswelakala |
| Class 7 | sizoswelakala | esizoswelakala | sizoswelakala | asizuswelakala | esingezuswelakala | singezuswelakala |
| Class 8 | zizoswelakala | ezizoswelakala | zizoswelakala | azizuswelakala | ezingezuswelakala | zingezuswelakala |
| Class 9 | izoswelakala | ezoswelakala | izoswelakala | ayizuswelakala | engezuswelakala | ingezuswelakala |
| Class 10 | zizoswelakala | ezizoswelakala | zizoswelakala | azizuswelakala | ezingezuswelakala | zingezuswelakala |
| Class 11 | luzoswelakala | oluzoswelakala | luzoswelakala | aluzuswelakala | olungezuswelakala | lungezuswelakala |
| Class 14 | buzoswelakala | obuzoswelakala | buzoswelakala | abuzuswelakala | obungezuswelakala | bungezuswelakala |
| Class 15 | kuzoswelakala | okuzoswelakala | kuzoswelakala | akuzuswelakala | okungezuswelakala | kungezuswelakala |
| Class 17 | kuzoswelakala | okuzoswelakala | kuzoswelakala | akuzuswelakala | okungezuswelakala | kungezuswelakala |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoswelakala | engiyoswelakala | ngiyoswelakala | angiyuswelakala | engingeyuswelakala | ngingeyuswelakala |
| 2nd singular | uyoswelakala | oyoswelakala | uyoswelakala | awuyuswelakala | ongeyuswelakala | ungeyuswelakala |
| 1st plural | siyoswelakala | esiyoswelakala | siyoswelakala | asiyuswelakala | esingeyuswelakala | singeyuswelakala |
| 2nd plural | niyoswelakala | eniyoswelakala | niyoswelakala | aniyuswelakala | eningeyuswelakala | ningeyuswelakala |
| Class 1 | uyoswelakala | oyoswelakala | eyoswelakala | akayuswelakala | ongeyuswelakala | engeyuswelakala |
| Class 2 | bayoswelakala | abayoswelakala | beyoswelakala | abayuswelakala | abangeyuswelakala | bengeyuswelakala |
| Class 3 | uyoswelakala | oyoswelakala | uyoswelakala | awuyuswelakala | ongeyuswelakala | ungeyuswelakala |
| Class 4 | iyoswelakala | eyoswelakala | iyoswelakala | ayiyuswelakala | engeyuswelakala | ingeyuswelakala |
| Class 5 | liyoswelakala | eliyoswelakala | liyoswelakala | aliyuswelakala | elingeyuswelakala | lingeyuswelakala |
| Class 6 | ayoswelakala | ayoswelakala | eyoswelakala | awayuswelakala | angeyuswelakala | engeyuswelakala |
| Class 7 | siyoswelakala | esiyoswelakala | siyoswelakala | asiyuswelakala | esingeyuswelakala | singeyuswelakala |
| Class 8 | ziyoswelakala | eziyoswelakala | ziyoswelakala | aziyuswelakala | ezingeyuswelakala | zingeyuswelakala |
| Class 9 | iyoswelakala | eyoswelakala | iyoswelakala | ayiyuswelakala | engeyuswelakala | ingeyuswelakala |
| Class 10 | ziyoswelakala | eziyoswelakala | ziyoswelakala | aziyuswelakala | ezingeyuswelakala | zingeyuswelakala |
| Class 11 | luyoswelakala | oluyoswelakala | luyoswelakala | aluyuswelakala | olungeyuswelakala | lungeyuswelakala |
| Class 14 | buyoswelakala | obuyoswelakala | buyoswelakala | abuyuswelakala | obungeyuswelakala | bungeyuswelakala |
| Class 15 | kuyoswelakala | okuyoswelakala | kuyoswelakala | akuyuswelakala | okungeyuswelakala | kungeyuswelakala |
| Class 17 | kuyoswelakala | okuyoswelakala | kuyoswelakala | akuyuswelakala | okungeyuswelakala | kungeyuswelakala |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiswelakale | ngingaswelakali |
| 2nd singular | uswelakale | ungaswelakali |
| 1st plural | siswelakale | singaswelakali |
| 2nd plural | niswelakale | ningaswelakali |
| Class 1 | aswelakale | angaswelakali |
| Class 2 | baswelakale | bangaswelakali |
| Class 3 | uswelakale | ungaswelakali |
| Class 4 | iswelakale | ingaswelakali |
| Class 5 | liswelakale | lingaswelakali |
| Class 6 | aswelakale | angaswelakali |
| Class 7 | siswelakale | singaswelakali |
| Class 8 | ziswelakale | zingaswelakali |
| Class 9 | iswelakale | ingaswelakali |
| Class 10 | ziswelakale | zingaswelakali |
| Class 11 | luswelakale | lungaswelakali |
| Class 14 | buswelakale | bungaswelakali |
| Class 15 | kuswelakale | kungaswelakali |
| Class 17 | kuswelakale | kungaswelakali |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaswelakala | ngangaswelakala, angaswelakala, angangaswelakala |
| 2nd singular | waswelakala | wangaswelakala, awaswelakala, awangaswelakala |
| 1st plural | saswelakala | sangaswelakala, asaswelakala, asangaswelakala |
| 2nd plural | naswelakala | nangaswelakala, anaswelakala, anangaswelakala |
| Class 1 | waswelakala | wangaswelakala, akaswelakala, akangaswelakala |
| Class 2 | baswelakala | bangaswelakala, abaswelakala, abangaswelakala |
| Class 3 | waswelakala | wangaswelakala, awaswelakala, awangaswelakala |
| Class 4 | yaswelakala | yangaswelakala, ayaswelakala, ayangaswelakala |
| Class 5 | laswelakala | langaswelakala, alaswelakala, alangaswelakala |
| Class 6 | aswelakala | angaswelakala, awaswelakala, awangaswelakala |
| Class 7 | saswelakala | sangaswelakala, asaswelakala, asangaswelakala |
| Class 8 | zaswelakala | zangaswelakala, azaswelakala, azangaswelakala |
| Class 9 | yaswelakala | yangaswelakala, ayaswelakala, ayangaswelakala |
| Class 10 | zaswelakala | zangaswelakala, azaswelakala, azangaswelakala |
| Class 11 | lwaswelakala | lwangaswelakala, alwaswelakala, alwangaswelakala |
| Class 14 | baswelakala | bangaswelakala, abaswelakala, abangaswelakala |
| Class 15 | kwaswelakala | kwangaswelakala, akwaswelakala, akwangaswelakala |
| Class 17 | kwaswelakala | kwangaswelakala, akwaswelakala, akwangaswelakala |

#### Derived terms

* inswelakalo

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “swelakala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “swelakala (3.3.2.9)”