# 喧嘩
## Chinese

| | | clamour; noise | cat-calling sound; clamour; noisecat-calling sound; clamour; noise; crashing sound |
| trad. (喧嘩/諠譁/喧譁) | trad. (喧嘩/諠譁/喧譁) | 喧/諠 | 嘩/譁 |
| simp. (喧哗) | simp. (喧哗) | 喧 | 哗 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xuānhuá
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄢ ㄏㄨㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hyun$^1$ waa$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): soan-hôa / soan-hoa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): suang$^1$ hua$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuānhuá
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢ ㄏㄨㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuanhuá
*** Wade–Giles: hsüan$^1$-hua$^2$
*** Yale: sywān-hwá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuanhwa
*** Palladius: сюаньхуа (sjuanʹxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hyun$^1$ waa$^1$
*** Yale: hyūn wā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hyn$^1$ waa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hün$^1$ wa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hyːn⁵⁵ waː⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soan-hôa
*** Tâi-lô: suan-huâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soanhoaa
*** IPA (Xiamen): /suan⁴⁴⁻²² hua²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suan³³ hua²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /suan⁴⁴⁻²² hua¹³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soan-hoa
*** Tâi-lô: suan-hua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soanhoaf
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suan⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: suang$^1$ hua$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suang hua
*** Sinological IPA : /suaŋ³³⁻²³ hua³³/
* Middle Chinese: xjwon xwae
Rime :
| Character | 喧 | 嘩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) | 麻 (99) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | II |
| Fanqie | 況袁切 | 呼瓜切 |
| Baxter | xjwon | xwae |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hʉɐn/ | /hˠua/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hʷiɐn/ | /hʷᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiuɐn/ | /xua/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /huan/ | /hwaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /xiuɐn/ | /xua/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭwɐn/ | /xwa/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xi̯wɐn/ | /xwa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xuān | huā |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hyun$^1$ | faa$^1$ |

### Verb

喧嘩
* to make a din; to clamour; to be loud and noisy
    禁止大聲喧嘩。／禁止大声喧哗。 ― Jìnzhǐ dàshēng xuānhuá. ― Please don't make noise.

### Adjective

喧嘩
* uproarious; boisterous; noisy

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 喧(けん)嘩(か) (kenka)
* → Korean: 훤화(喧譁) (hwonhwa)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 喧 | 嘩 |
| けん Jinmeiyō | か Jinmeiyō |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spellings
* 諠譁 ケンカ

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けんか [kèńká] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kẽ̞ŋka̠]

### Noun

喧(けん)嘩(か) or 喧嘩(ケンカ) • (kenka)
* a fight, a physical confrontation
    喧(けん)嘩(か)を売(う)ってんのか？
       Kenka o utten no ka?
       Are you looking for a fight?
** 1999 May 25, “フレンドシップ [Friendship]”, in Booster 2, Konami:
    デュエル中(ちゅう)ケンカをしても、友(ゆう)情(じょう)を伝(つた)え仲(なか)直(なお)りをさせる。
       Dyueru chū kenka o shite mo, yūjō o tsutae nakanaori o saseru.
       Even when it fights in Duels, it still makes peace by spreading friendship.
* a quarrel, a verbal dispute
    痴(ち)話(わ)喧(げん)嘩(か)だ。
       Chiwagenka da.
       It's a lovers' quarrel.

#### Synonyms

* (a quarrel): 口(くち)喧(げん)嘩(か) (kuchigenka), 口(こう)論(ろん) (kōron)

#### Derived terms

* 内(うち)輪(わ)喧(げん)嘩(か) (uchiwagenka)
* 大(おお)喧(げん)嘩(か) (ōgenka)
* 親(おや)子(こ)喧(げん)嘩(か) (oyakogenka)
* 兄(きょう)弟(だい)喧(げん)嘩(か) (kyōdaigenka)
* 口(くち)喧(げん)嘩(か) (kuchigenka)
* 喧(けん)嘩(か)腰(ごし) (kenkagoshi)
* 喧(けん)嘩(か)別(わか)れ (kenkawakare)
* 喧(けん)嘩(か)を売(う)る (kenka o uru)
* 喧(けん)嘩(か)を買(か)う (kenka o kau)
* 木(こ)っ端(ぱ)喧(げん)嘩(か) (koppagenka)
* 痴(ち)話(わ)喧(げん)嘩(か) (chiwagenka)
* 仲(なか)間(ま)喧(げん)嘩(か) (nakamagenka)
* 夫(ふう)婦(ふ)喧(げん)嘩(か) (fūfugenka)
* 水(みず)喧(げん)嘩(か) (mizugenka)

### Verb

喧(けん)嘩(か)する or 喧嘩(ケンカ)する • (kenka suru) intransitive suru (stem 喧(けん)嘩(か)し (kenka shi), past 喧(けん)嘩(か)した (kenka shita))
* to quarrel with; to fight with (not militarily)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 喧嘩し | けんかし | kenka shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 喧嘩し | けんかし | kenka shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 喧嘩する | けんかする | kenka suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 喧嘩する | けんかする | kenka suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 喧嘩すれ | けんかすれ | kenka sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 喧嘩せよ¹ 喧嘩しろ² | けんかせよ¹ けんかしろ² | kenka seyo¹ kenka shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 喧嘩される | けんかされる | kenka sareru |
| Causative | 喧嘩させる 喧嘩さす | けんかさせる けんかさす | kenka saseru kenka sasu |
| Potential | 喧嘩できる | けんかできる | kenka dekiru |
| Volitional | 喧嘩しよう | けんかしよう | kenka shiyō |
| Negative | 喧嘩しない | けんかしない | kenka shinai |
| Negative continuative | 喧嘩せず | けんかせず | kenka sezu |
| Formal | 喧嘩します | けんかします | kenka shimasu |
| Perfective | 喧嘩した | けんかした | kenka shita |
| Conjunctive | 喧嘩して | けんかして | kenka shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 喧嘩すれば | けんかすれば | kenka sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN