# 是以
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shìyǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ ㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): si$^6$ ji$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shìyǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shìhyǐ
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^4$-i$^3$
*** Yale: shr̀-yǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhyii
*** Palladius: шии (šii)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵¹ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^6$ ji$^5$
*** Yale: sih yíh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^6$ ji$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^6$ yi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː²² jiː¹³/
* Middle Chinese: dzyeX yiX
Rime :
| Character | 是 | 以 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 承紙切 | 羊己切 |
| Baxter | dzyeX | yiX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiᴇ$^X$/ | /jɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɛ$^X$/ | /jɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjɛ$^X$/ | /ie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑiə̆$^X$/ | /jɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑie$^X$/ | /iə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑǐe$^X$/ | /jĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʑie̯$^X$/ | /i$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shì | yǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^6$ | ji$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]eʔ ləʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djeʔ lɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 是 | 以 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shì | yǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzye$^X$ › | ‹ yi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]eʔ/ | /*ləʔ/ |
| English | this | take, use |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 是 | 以 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11645 | 14929 |
| Phonetic component | 是 | 以 |
| Rime group | 支 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 是 | 以 |
| Old Chinese | /*djeʔ/ | /*lɯʔ/ |
| Notes | 金文從早從止， 馬敘倫謂正加射的。按象對準目標行進， 表所行正確 | |

### Conjunction

是以
* (literary) therefore; thus; so
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Jūnzǐ zhī yú qínshòu yě, jiàn qí shēng, bùrěn jiàn qí sǐ; wén qí shēng, bù rěn shí qí ròu. Shìyǐ jūnzǐ yuǎn páochú yě. [Pinyin]
    So is the superior man affected towards animals, that, having seen them alive, he cannot bear to see them die; having heard their dying cries, he cannot bear to eat their flesh. Therefore he keeps away from his slaughter-house and cook-room.
    From: Tao Te Ching, 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Gù yǒu wú xiàng shēng, nán yì xiàng chéng, cháng duǎn xiàng jiào, gāo xià xiàng qīng, yīn shēng xiàng hé, qián hòu xiàng suí. Shìyǐ shèngrén chù wúwéi zhī shì, xíng bùyánzhījiào. [Pinyin]
    So it is that existence and non-existence give birth the one to (the idea of) the other; that difficulty and ease produce the one (the idea of) the other; that length and shortness fashion out the one the figure of the other; that (the ideas of) height and lowness arise from the contrast of the one with the other; that the musical notes and tones become harmonious through the relation of one with another; and that being before and behind give the idea of one following another. Therefore the sage manages affairs without doing anything, and conveys his instructions without the use of speech.

#### Synonyms

* 乃末 (Shanghainese)
* 以故 (yǐgù) (Classical Chinese)
* 以是 (yǐshì) (Classical Chinese)
* 因此 (yīncǐ)
* 因而 (yīn'ér)
* 從而／从而 (cóng'ér)
* 所以
* 故 (gù) (literary)
* 故此 (gùcǐ)
* 故而 (gù'ér)
* 於是／于是 (yúshì)
* 於是乎／于是乎 (yúshìhū) (literary)
* 是故 (shìgù) (literary)
* 此以 (cǐyǐ) (literary)
* 為此／为此 (wèicǐ)