# 侵犯
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīnfàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣ ㄈㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cam$^1$ faan$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhîm-fam
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhim-hoǎn / chhim-hoān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cim$^5$ huang$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīnfàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ ㄈㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cinfàn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻin$^1$-fan$^4$
*** Yale: chīn-fàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinfann
*** Palladius: циньфань (cinʹfanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ fän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cam$^1$ faan$^6$
*** Yale: chām faahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsam$^1$ faan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cem$^1$ fan$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵ faːn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîm-fam
*** Hakka Romanization System: qim$^ˊ$ fam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qim$^1$ fam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰim²⁴⁻¹¹ fam⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhim-hoǎn
*** Tâi-lô: tshim-huǎn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰim³³ huan²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhim-hoān
*** Tâi-lô: tshim-huān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chimhoan
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² huan²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ huan³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cim$^5$ huang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshîm huăng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰim⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³⁵/

### Verb

侵犯
* to encroach; to infringe upon; to violate
    侵犯名譽權／侵犯名誉权 ― qīnfàn míngyùquán ― to infringe right to reputation
* to intrude into; to invade
* (medicine) to invade
* (sports) to foul

#### Synonyms

* (to encroach): 違犯／违犯 (wéifàn)
* (to intrude into):
* 佔據／占据 (zhànjù)
* 佔領／占领 (zhànlǐng)
* 侵佔／侵占 (qīnzhàn)
* 侵入 (qīnrù)
* 侵擾／侵扰 (qīnrǎo)
* 侵攻 (qīngōng)
* 侵略 (qīnlüè)
* 入侵 (rùqīn)
* 攻略 (gōnglüè)
* 盤踞／盘踞 (pánjù)
* 進犯／进犯 (jìnfàn)

#### Derived terms

* 性侵犯 (xìngqīnfàn)
* 神聖不可侵犯／神圣不可侵犯 (shénshèng bùkě qīnfàn)

#### Related terms

* 冒犯 (màofàn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 侵 | 犯 |
| しん Grade: S | はん > ぱん Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんぱん [shìńpáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩmpã̠ɴ]

### Noun

侵(しん)犯(ぱん) • (shinpan)
* violation (of foreign territory, rights, etc.); invasion; infringement

### Verb

侵(しん)犯(ぱん)する • (shinpan suru) suru (stem 侵(しん)犯(ぱん)し (shinpan shi), past 侵(しん)犯(ぱん)した (shinpan shita))
* to violate (foreign territory, rights, etc.); to invade; to infringe

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 侵犯し | しんぱんし | shinpan shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 侵犯し | しんぱんし | shinpan shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 侵犯する | しんぱんする | shinpan suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 侵犯する | しんぱんする | shinpan suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 侵犯すれ | しんぱんすれ | shinpan sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 侵犯せよ¹ 侵犯しろ² | しんぱんせよ¹ しんぱんしろ² | shinpan seyo¹ shinpan shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 侵犯される | しんぱんされる | shinpan sareru |
| Causative | 侵犯させる 侵犯さす | しんぱんさせる しんぱんさす | shinpan saseru shinpan sasu |
| Potential | 侵犯できる | しんぱんできる | shinpan dekiru |
| Volitional | 侵犯しよう | しんぱんしよう | shinpan shiyō |
| Negative | 侵犯しない | しんぱんしない | shinpan shinai |
| Negative continuative | 侵犯せず | しんぱんせず | shinpan sezu |
| Formal | 侵犯します | しんぱんします | shinpan shimasu |
| Perfective | 侵犯した | しんぱんした | shinpan shita |
| Conjunctive | 侵犯して | しんぱんして | shinpan shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 侵犯すれば | しんぱんすれば | shinpan sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Derived terms

* 領空侵犯(りょうくうしんぱん) (ryōkūshinpan)
* 領土侵犯(りょうどしんぱん) (ryōdoshinpan)
* 主権侵犯(しゅけんしんぱん) (shukenshinpan)
* 領海侵犯(りょうかいしんぱん) (ryōkaishinpan)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 侵 | 犯 |

### Noun

侵犯 • (chimbeom) (hangeul 침범)
* hanja form of 침범 (“invasion; violation; intrusion”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 侵 | 犯 |

### Verb

侵犯
* chữ Hán form of xâm phạm (“to intrude”).