# 借用
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jièyòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄩㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ze$^3$ jung$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chia-yung
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chioh-ēng / chioh-iōng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jièyòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄩㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jièyòng
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^4$-yung$^4$
*** Yale: jyè-yùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiehyonq
*** Palladius: цзеюн (czejun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ze$^3$ jung$^6$
*** Yale: je yuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dze$^3$ jung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zé$^3$ yung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛː³³ jʊŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chia-yung
*** Hakka Romanization System: jia iung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: jia$^4$ yung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯a⁵⁵ i̯uŋ⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chia-yung
*** Hakka Romanization System: jia (r)iung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: jia$^4$ yung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯a⁵⁵ (j)i̯uŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chioh-ēng
*** Tâi-lô: tsioh-īng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioih'eng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sio(ʔ)⁵ iɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sio(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ iɪŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chioh-iōng
*** Tâi-lô: tsioh-iōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioih'iong
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sio(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sio(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ iɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ³³/

### Verb

借用
* to borrow (e.g. an object, a word, etc.)
* to use something for another purpose

#### Synonyms

* (to borrow): 假借 (jiǎjiè)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 借 | 用 |
| しゃく Grade: 4 | よう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゃくよー [shàkúyóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕa̠kɯ̟jo̞ː]

### Noun

借(しゃく)用(よう) • (shakuyō)
* borrowing (e.g. an object, a word, etc.)
    語彙(ごい)借用(しゃくよう)
       goi shakuyō
       lexical borrowing

### Verb

借(しゃく)用(よう)する • (shakuyō suru) suru (stem 借(しゃく)用(よう)し (shakuyō shi), past 借(しゃく)用(よう)した (shakuyō shita))
* to borrow (e.g. an object, a word, etc.)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 借用し | しゃくようし | shakuyō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 借用し | しゃくようし | shakuyō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 借用する | しゃくようする | shakuyō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 借用する | しゃくようする | shakuyō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 借用すれ | しゃくようすれ | shakuyō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 借用せよ¹ 借用しろ² | しゃくようせよ¹ しゃくようしろ² | shakuyō seyo¹ shakuyō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 借用される | しゃくようされる | shakuyō sareru |
| Causative | 借用させる 借用さす | しゃくようさせる しゃくようさす | shakuyō saseru shakuyō sasu |
| Potential | 借用できる | しゃくようできる | shakuyō dekiru |
| Volitional | 借用しよう | しゃくようしよう | shakuyō shiyō |
| Negative | 借用しない | しゃくようしない | shakuyō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 借用せず | しゃくようせず | shakuyō sezu |
| Formal | 借用します | しゃくようします | shakuyō shimasu |
| Perfective | 借用した | しゃくようした | shakuyō shita |
| Conjunctive | 借用して | しゃくようして | shakuyō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 借用すれば | しゃくようすれば | shakuyō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN