# 用心
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yòngxīn
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jung$^6$ sam$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yung-sîm
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iōng-sim / ēng-sim
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yòngxīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yòngsin
*** Wade–Giles: yung$^4$-hsin$^1$
*** Yale: yùng-syīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yonqshin
*** Palladius: юнсинь (junsinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jung$^6$ sam$^1$
*** Yale: yuhng sām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jung$^6$ sam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yung$^6$ sem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ²² sɐm⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yung-sîm
*** Hakka Romanization System: iung xim$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^4$ xim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ⁵⁵ sim²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yung-sîm
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung xim$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^4$ xim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ⁵⁵ sim²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iōng-sim
*** Tâi-lô: iōng-sim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ioxngsym
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² sim³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ³³⁻²¹ sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ²²⁻²¹ sim⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ēng-sim
*** Tâi-lô: īng-sim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: exngsym
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɪŋ²²⁻²¹ sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² sim³³/

### Noun

用心
* intention; motive

#### Synonyms

* 企圖／企图 (qǐtú)
* 心思 (xīnsī)
* 心意 (xīnyì)
* 心田 (xīntián)
* 意向 (yìxiàng)
* 意圖／意图 (yìtú)
* 意旨 (yìzhǐ)
* 懷抱／怀抱 (huáibào) (literary)
* 打算 (dǎsuàn)
* 旨意 (zhǐyì)
* 用意 (yòngyì)
* 𥓍 (Hokkien)
* 粒積／粒积 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 腸肚／肠肚 (chángdù)

### Verb

用⫽心 (verb-object) (intransitive)
* to be diligent; to be attentive; to be careful
* to harbour (malicious) intentions

#### Synonyms

* (to be diligent):
* 上心 (shàngxīn)
* 專心／专心 (zhuānxīn)
* 專注 (zhuānzhù)
* 敬 (jìng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 沉潛／沉潜 (chénqián)
* 潛心／潜心 (qiánxīn)
* 走心 (zǒuxīn)
* (to harbour intentions):
* 存心 (cúnxīn)
* 宅心 (zháixīn)
* 居心 (jūxīn)

### Adverb

用心
* diligently; attentively; carefully

#### Synonyms

* 一心 (yīxīn)
* 入心 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 全心 (quánxīn)
* 悉心 (xīxīn)
* 殫心／殚心 (dānxīn) (literary)
* 盡心／尽心 (jìnxīn)
* 經心／经心 (jīngxīn)

### Derived terms

* 別有用心／别有用心 (biéyǒuyòngxīn)

### References

* Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “用心” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 用 | 心 |
| よう Grade: 2 | しん > じん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 要心

### Noun

用(よう)心(じん) • (yōjin)
* care
* caution

### Verb

用(よう)心(じん)する • (yōjin suru) suru (stem 用(よう)心(じん)し (yōjin shi), past 用(よう)心(じん)した (yōjin shita))
* to be careful
** 1951, 宮本百合子, お久美さんと其の周囲:
    私共(わたしども)で用心(ようじん)するばっかりだわ。
       Watashi-domo de yōjin suru bakkari da wa.
       My, aren't we the careful ones!
* to be cautious
** 1930, 浜尾四郎, 彼は誰を殺したか:
    現(げん)に中条自身(なかじょうじしん)も危(あぶな)いのでずい分(ぶん)用心(ようじん)して歩(ある)いているのだ。
       genni Nakajō jishin mo abunai node zuibun yōjin shite aruiteiru no da.
       Nakajō himself was actually in danger so was really walking with his guard up.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 用心し | ようじんし | yōjin shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 用心し | ようじんし | yōjin shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 用心する | ようじんする | yōjin suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 用心する | ようじんする | yōjin suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 用心すれ | ようじんすれ | yōjin sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 用心せよ¹ 用心しろ² | ようじんせよ¹ ようじんしろ² | yōjin seyo¹ yōjin shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 用心される | ようじんされる | yōjin sareru |
| Causative | 用心させる 用心さす | ようじんさせる ようじんさす | yōjin saseru yōjin sasu |
| Potential | 用心できる | ようじんできる | yōjin dekiru |
| Volitional | 用心しよう | ようじんしよう | yōjin shiyō |
| Negative | 用心しない | ようじんしない | yōjin shinai |
| Negative continuative | 用心せず | ようじんせず | yōjin sezu |
| Formal | 用心します | ようじんします | yōjin shimasu |
| Perfective | 用心した | ようじんした | yōjin shita |
| Conjunctive | 用心して | ようじんして | yōjin shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 用心すれば | ようじんすれば | yōjin sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||