# shona
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Shona [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃonɑ/, [ˈʃo̞nɑ̝]

### Noun

shona
* Shona (language)
* Shona (person)
* (in the plural) Shona (people)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of shona (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :

## Irish
### Adjective

shona
* Lenited form of sona.

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-shona (infinitive kushona)
* to sew, to stitch

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -shona :
| Positive present | -nashona |
| Subjunctive | -shone |
| Negative | -shoni |
| Imperative singular | shona |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kushona |
| Negative | kutoshona |
Imperatives :
| Singular | shona |
| Plural | shoneni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hushona |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -lishona |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kushona |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tashona |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tashona |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sishone |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngeshona |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singeshona |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalishona |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalishona |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -meshona |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshashona |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jashona |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kishona |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -siposhona |
| Consecutive | kashona / positive subject concord + -kashona |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kashone |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Nominal derivations:
** mshonaji (“tailor, sewer”)
** mshoni (“tailor, sewer”)

## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-shôna
* (intransitive) to sink, to go down
* (intransitive) to set (of the sun)
* (intransitive) to disappear
* (intransitive, euphemistic) to die
* (intransitive) to become ruined, to go bankrupt

#### Inflection

Tone HH :
| Infinitive | ukushona |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukushona | ukungashoni |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | shona | -shone |
| Plural | shonani | -shoneni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyashona, ngishona | engishonayo, engishona | ngishona | angishoni | engingashoni | ngingashoni |
| 2nd singular | uyashona, ushona | oshonayo, oshona | ushona | awushoni | ongashoni | ungashoni |
| 1st plural | siyashona, sishona | esishonayo, esishona | sishona | asishoni | esingashoni | singashoni |
| 2nd plural | niyashona, nishona | enishonayo, enishona | nishona | anishoni | eningashoni | ningashoni |
| Class 1 | uyashona, ushona | oshonayo, oshona | eshona | akashoni | ongashoni | engashoni |
| Class 2 | bayashona, bashona | abashonayo, abashona | beshona | abashoni | abangashoni | bengashoni |
| Class 3 | uyashona, ushona | oshonayo, oshona | ushona | awushoni | ongashoni | ungashoni |
| Class 4 | iyashona, ishona | eshonayo, eshona | ishona | ayishoni | engashoni | ingashoni |
| Class 5 | liyashona, lishona | elishonayo, elishona | lishona | alishoni | elingashoni | lingashoni |
| Class 6 | ayashona, ashona | ashonayo, ashona | eshona | awashoni | angashoni | engashoni |
| Class 7 | siyashona, sishona | esishonayo, esishona | sishona | asishoni | esingashoni | singashoni |
| Class 8 | ziyashona, zishona | ezishonayo, ezishona | zishona | azishoni | ezingashoni | zingashoni |
| Class 9 | iyashona, ishona | eshonayo, eshona | ishona | ayishoni | engashoni | ingashoni |
| Class 10 | ziyashona, zishona | ezishonayo, ezishona | zishona | azishoni | ezingashoni | zingashoni |
| Class 11 | luyashona, lushona | olushonayo, olushona | lushona | alushoni | olungashoni | lungashoni |
| Class 14 | buyashona, bushona | obushonayo, obushona | bushona | abushoni | obungashoni | bungashoni |
| Class 15 | kuyashona, kushona | okushonayo, okushona | kushona | akushoni | okungashoni | kungashoni |
| Class 17 | kuyashona, kushona | okushonayo, okushona | kushona | akushoni | okungashoni | kungashoni |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngishonile, ngishonē | engishonile, engishonē | ngishonile, ngishonē | angishonanga | engingashonanga | ngingashonanga |
| 2nd singular | ushonile, ushonē | oshonile, oshonē | ushonile, ushonē | awushonanga | ongashonanga | ungashonanga |
| 1st plural | sishonile, sishonē | esishonile, esishonē | sishonile, sishonē | asishonanga | esingashonanga | singashonanga |
| 2nd plural | nishonile, nishonē | enishonile, enishonē | nishonile, nishonē | anishonanga | eningashonanga | ningashonanga |
| Class 1 | ushonile, ushonē | oshonile, oshonē | eshonile, eshonē | akashonanga | ongashonanga | engashonanga |
| Class 2 | bashonile, bashonē | abashonile, abashonē | beshonile, beshonē | abashonanga | abangashonanga | bengashonanga |
| Class 3 | ushonile, ushonē | oshonile, oshonē | ushonile, ushonē | awushonanga | ongashonanga | ungashonanga |
| Class 4 | ishonile, ishonē | eshonile, eshonē | ishonile, ishonē | ayishonanga | engashonanga | ingashonanga |
| Class 5 | lishonile, lishonē | elishonile, elishonē | lishonile, lishonē | alishonanga | elingashonanga | lingashonanga |
| Class 6 | ashonile, ashonē | ashonile, ashonē | eshonile, eshonē | awashonanga | angashonanga | engashonanga |
| Class 7 | sishonile, sishonē | esishonile, esishonē | sishonile, sishonē | asishonanga | esingashonanga | singashonanga |
| Class 8 | zishonile, zishonē | ezishonile, ezishonē | zishonile, zishonē | azishonanga | ezingashonanga | zingashonanga |
| Class 9 | ishonile, ishonē | eshonile, eshonē | ishonile, ishonē | ayishonanga | engashonanga | ingashonanga |
| Class 10 | zishonile, zishonē | ezishonile, ezishonē | zishonile, zishonē | azishonanga | ezingashonanga | zingashonanga |
| Class 11 | lushonile, lushonē | olushonile, olushonē | lushonile, lushonē | alushonanga | olungashonanga | lungashonanga |
| Class 14 | bushonile, bushonē | obushonile, obushonē | bushonile, bushonē | abushonanga | obungashonanga | bungashonanga |
| Class 15 | kushonile, kushonē | okushonile, okushonē | kushonile, kushonē | akushonanga | okungashonanga | kungashonanga |
| Class 17 | kushonile, kushonē | okushonile, okushonē | kushonile, kushonē | akushonanga | okungashonanga | kungashonanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāshona | engāshona | ngāshona | angishonanga | engingashonanga | ngingashonanga |
| 2nd singular | wāshona | owāshona | wāshona | awushonanga | ongashonanga | ungashonanga |
| 1st plural | sāshona | esāshona | sāshona | asishonanga | esingashonanga | singashonanga |
| 2nd plural | nāshona | enāshona | nāshona | anishonanga | eningashonanga | ningashonanga |
| Class 1 | wāshona | owāshona | āshona | akashonanga | ongashonanga | engashonanga |
| Class 2 | bāshona | abāshona | bāshona | abashonanga | abangashonanga | bengashonanga |
| Class 3 | wāshona | owāshona | wāshona | awushonanga | ongashonanga | ungashonanga |
| Class 4 | yāshona | eyāshona | yāshona | ayishonanga | engashonanga | ingashonanga |
| Class 5 | lāshona | elāshona | lāshona | alishonanga | elingashonanga | lingashonanga |
| Class 6 | āshona | āshona | āshona | awashonanga | angashonanga | engashonanga |
| Class 7 | sāshona | esāshona | sāshona | asishonanga | esingashonanga | singashonanga |
| Class 8 | zāshona | ezāshona | zāshona | azishonanga | ezingashonanga | zingashonanga |
| Class 9 | yāshona | eyāshona | yāshona | ayishonanga | engashonanga | ingashonanga |
| Class 10 | zāshona | ezāshona | zāshona | azishonanga | ezingashonanga | zingashonanga |
| Class 11 | lwāshona | olwāshona | lwāshona | alushonanga | olungashonanga | lungashonanga |
| Class 14 | bāshona | obāshona | bāshona | abushonanga | obungashonanga | bungashonanga |
| Class 15 | kwāshona | okwāshona | kwāshona | akushonanga | okungashonanga | kungashonanga |
| Class 17 | kwāshona | okwāshona | kwāshona | akushonanga | okungashonanga | kungashonanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingashona | — | ngingashona | ngingeshone | — | ngingeshone |
| 2nd singular | ungashona | — | ungashona | ungeshone | — | ungeshone |
| 1st plural | singashona | — | singashona | singeshone | — | singeshone |
| 2nd plural | ningashona | — | ningashona | ningeshone | — | ningeshone |
| Class 1 | angashona | — | engashona | angeshone | — | engeshone |
| Class 2 | bangashona | — | bengashona | bangeshone | — | bengeshone |
| Class 3 | ungashona | — | ungashona | ungeshone | — | ungeshone |
| Class 4 | ingashona | — | ingashona | ingeshone | — | ingeshone |
| Class 5 | lingashona | — | lingashona | lingeshone | — | lingeshone |
| Class 6 | angashona | — | engashona | angeshone | — | engeshone |
| Class 7 | singashona | — | singashona | singeshone | — | singeshone |
| Class 8 | zingashona | — | zingashona | zingeshone | — | zingeshone |
| Class 9 | ingashona | — | ingashona | ingeshone | — | ingeshone |
| Class 10 | zingashona | — | zingashona | zingeshone | — | zingeshone |
| Class 11 | lungashona | — | lungashona | lungeshone | — | lungeshone |
| Class 14 | bungashona | — | bungashona | bungeshone | — | bungeshone |
| Class 15 | kungashona | — | kungashona | kungeshone | — | kungeshone |
| Class 17 | kungashona | — | kungashona | kungeshone | — | kungeshone |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoshona | engizoshona | ngizoshona | angizushona | engingezushona | ngingezushona |
| 2nd singular | uzoshona | ozoshona | uzoshona | awuzushona | ongezushona | ungezushona |
| 1st plural | sizoshona | esizoshona | sizoshona | asizushona | esingezushona | singezushona |
| 2nd plural | nizoshona | enizoshona | nizoshona | anizushona | eningezushona | ningezushona |
| Class 1 | uzoshona | ozoshona | ezoshona | akazushona | ongezushona | engezushona |
| Class 2 | bazoshona | abazoshona | bezoshona | abazushona | abangezushona | bengezushona |
| Class 3 | uzoshona | ozoshona | uzoshona | awuzushona | ongezushona | ungezushona |
| Class 4 | izoshona | ezoshona | izoshona | ayizushona | engezushona | ingezushona |
| Class 5 | lizoshona | elizoshona | lizoshona | alizushona | elingezushona | lingezushona |
| Class 6 | azoshona | azoshona | ezoshona | awazushona | angezushona | engezushona |
| Class 7 | sizoshona | esizoshona | sizoshona | asizushona | esingezushona | singezushona |
| Class 8 | zizoshona | ezizoshona | zizoshona | azizushona | ezingezushona | zingezushona |
| Class 9 | izoshona | ezoshona | izoshona | ayizushona | engezushona | ingezushona |
| Class 10 | zizoshona | ezizoshona | zizoshona | azizushona | ezingezushona | zingezushona |
| Class 11 | luzoshona | oluzoshona | luzoshona | aluzushona | olungezushona | lungezushona |
| Class 14 | buzoshona | obuzoshona | buzoshona | abuzushona | obungezushona | bungezushona |
| Class 15 | kuzoshona | okuzoshona | kuzoshona | akuzushona | okungezushona | kungezushona |
| Class 17 | kuzoshona | okuzoshona | kuzoshona | akuzushona | okungezushona | kungezushona |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoshona | engiyoshona | ngiyoshona | angiyushona | engingeyushona | ngingeyushona |
| 2nd singular | uyoshona | oyoshona | uyoshona | awuyushona | ongeyushona | ungeyushona |
| 1st plural | siyoshona | esiyoshona | siyoshona | asiyushona | esingeyushona | singeyushona |
| 2nd plural | niyoshona | eniyoshona | niyoshona | aniyushona | eningeyushona | ningeyushona |
| Class 1 | uyoshona | oyoshona | eyoshona | akayushona | ongeyushona | engeyushona |
| Class 2 | bayoshona | abayoshona | beyoshona | abayushona | abangeyushona | bengeyushona |
| Class 3 | uyoshona | oyoshona | uyoshona | awuyushona | ongeyushona | ungeyushona |
| Class 4 | iyoshona | eyoshona | iyoshona | ayiyushona | engeyushona | ingeyushona |
| Class 5 | liyoshona | eliyoshona | liyoshona | aliyushona | elingeyushona | lingeyushona |
| Class 6 | ayoshona | ayoshona | eyoshona | awayushona | angeyushona | engeyushona |
| Class 7 | siyoshona | esiyoshona | siyoshona | asiyushona | esingeyushona | singeyushona |
| Class 8 | ziyoshona | eziyoshona | ziyoshona | aziyushona | ezingeyushona | zingeyushona |
| Class 9 | iyoshona | eyoshona | iyoshona | ayiyushona | engeyushona | ingeyushona |
| Class 10 | ziyoshona | eziyoshona | ziyoshona | aziyushona | ezingeyushona | zingeyushona |
| Class 11 | luyoshona | oluyoshona | luyoshona | aluyushona | olungeyushona | lungeyushona |
| Class 14 | buyoshona | obuyoshona | buyoshona | abuyushona | obungeyushona | bungeyushona |
| Class 15 | kuyoshona | okuyoshona | kuyoshona | akuyushona | okungeyushona | kungeyushona |
| Class 17 | kuyoshona | okuyoshona | kuyoshona | akuyushona | okungeyushona | kungeyushona |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngishone | ngingashoni |
| 2nd singular | ushone | ungashoni |
| 1st plural | sishone | singashoni |
| 2nd plural | nishone | ningashoni |
| Class 1 | ashone | angashoni |
| Class 2 | bashone | bangashoni |
| Class 3 | ushone | ungashoni |
| Class 4 | ishone | ingashoni |
| Class 5 | lishone | lingashoni |
| Class 6 | ashone | angashoni |
| Class 7 | sishone | singashoni |
| Class 8 | zishone | zingashoni |
| Class 9 | ishone | ingashoni |
| Class 10 | zishone | zingashoni |
| Class 11 | lushone | lungashoni |
| Class 14 | bushone | bungashoni |
| Class 15 | kushone | kungashoni |
| Class 17 | kushone | kungashoni |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngashona | ngangashona, angashona, angangashona |
| 2nd singular | washona | wangashona, awashona, awangashona |
| 1st plural | sashona | sangashona, asashona, asangashona |
| 2nd plural | nashona | nangashona, anashona, anangashona |
| Class 1 | washona | wangashona, akashona, akangashona |
| Class 2 | bashona | bangashona, abashona, abangashona |
| Class 3 | washona | wangashona, awashona, awangashona |
| Class 4 | yashona | yangashona, ayashona, ayangashona |
| Class 5 | lashona | langashona, alashona, alangashona |
| Class 6 | ashona | angashona, awashona, awangashona |
| Class 7 | sashona | sangashona, asashona, asangashona |
| Class 8 | zashona | zangashona, azashona, azangashona |
| Class 9 | yashona | yangashona, ayashona, ayangashona |
| Class 10 | zashona | zangashona, azashona, azangashona |
| Class 11 | lwashona | lwangashona, alwashona, alwangashona |
| Class 14 | bashona | bangashona, abashona, abangashona |
| Class 15 | kwashona | kwangashona, akwashona, akwangashona |
| Class 17 | kwashona | kwangashona, akwashona, akwangashona |

#### Derived terms

* intshonalanga

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “shona”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “shona (3-8.9)”