# 保障
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǎozhàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄓㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^2$ zoeng$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pó-chông
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pó-chiòng / pó-chiong / pó-chiàng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bao$^2$ ziang$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǎozhàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄓㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǎojhàng
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^3$-chang$^4$
*** Yale: bǎu-jàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baojanq
*** Palladius: баочжан (baočžan)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^2$ zoeng$^3$
*** Yale: bóu jeung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^2$ dzoeng$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^2$ zêng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯³⁵ t͡sœːŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó-chông
*** Hakka Romanization System: bo$^ˋ$ zong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bo$^3$ zong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /po³¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó-chiòng
*** Tâi-lô: pó-tsiòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poycioxng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó-chiong
*** Tâi-lô: pó-tsiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poyciofng
*** IPA (Taipei): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó-chiàng
*** Tâi-lô: pó-tsiàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poyciaxng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bao$^2$ ziang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: páu tsiàng
*** Sinological IPA : /pau⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaŋ²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: pawX tsyang|tsyangH
Rime :
| Character | 保 | 障 | 障 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 章 (23) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 陽 (105) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III | III |
| Fanqie | 博抱切 | 諸良切 | 之亮切 |
| Baxter | pawX | tsyang | tsyangH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕɨɐŋ/ | /t͡ɕɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕiɐŋ/ | /t͡ɕiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕiɑŋ/ | /t͡ɕiɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /paw$^X$/ | /cɨaŋ/ | /cɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /pɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕiaŋ/ | /t͡ɕiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕĭaŋ/ | /t͡ɕĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pɑu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕi̯aŋ/ | /t͡ɕi̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bǎo | zhāng | zhàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bou$^2$ | zoeng$^1$ | zoeng$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*puːʔ kjaŋ|kjaŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 保 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ paw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁuʔ/ |
| English | protect |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 保 | 障 | 障 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 318 | 16827 | 16831 |
| Phonetic component | 保 | 章 | 章 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 寶 | 章 | 障 |
| Old Chinese | /*puːʔ/ | /*kjaŋ/ | /*kjaŋs/ |

### Verb

保障
* to assure; to provide guarantee
* to defend; to protect

#### Synonyms

* (to assure):
* 保 (bǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
* 保準／保准 (bǎozhǔn) (colloquial)
* 保穩／保稳 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 保證／保证 (bǎozhèng)
* 保險／保险 (bǎoxiǎn)
* 保領／保领 (Hokkien)
* 包
* 包保 (bāobǎo)
* 包管 (bāoguǎn) (colloquial)
* 包領／包领 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 擔保／担保 (dānbǎo)
* 確保／确保 (quèbǎo)
* 管 (guǎn)
* 管保 (guǎnbǎo) (colloquial)
* 管教 (guǎnjiào)
* (to protect):
* 保 (bǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
* 保庇 (Hokkien)
* 保護／保护 (bǎohù)
* 堅持／坚持 (jiānchí)
* 掩護／掩护 (yǎnhù)
* 維持／维持 (wéichí)
* 維護／维护 (wéihù)
* 蔽護／蔽护 (bìhù) (literary)
* 護／护 (hù) (literary, or in compounds)

### Noun

保障
* guarantee; assurance
    安全保障 ― ānquán bǎozhàng ― security assurance
* protection; defense
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Qiě Chéng, Mèng shì zhī bǎozhàng yě, wú Chéng, shì wú Mèng shì yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* (guarantee): 保證／保证 (bǎozhèng)

### Derived terms

* 保質保量／保质保量 (bǎozhìbǎoliàng)
* 保障房 (bǎozhàngfáng)
* 保障權／保障权 (bǎozhàngquán)
* 保障河 (Bǎozhàng Hé)
* 保障湖 (Bǎozhàng Hú)
* 最低生活保障 (zuìdī shēnghuó bǎozhàng)
* 安保 (ānbǎo)
* 社會保障／社会保障 (shèhuì bǎozhàng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 保 | 障 |
| ほ Grade: 5 | しょう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほしょー [hòshóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞ɕo̞ː]

### Noun

保(ほ)障(しょう) • (hoshō)
* guarantee
* warranty

### Verb

保(ほ)障(しょう)する • (hoshō suru) suru (stem 保(ほ)障(しょう)し (hoshō shi), past 保(ほ)障(しょう)した (hoshō shita))
* guarantee, endorse, assure

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 保障し | ほしょうし | hoshō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 保障し | ほしょうし | hoshō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 保障する | ほしょうする | hoshō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 保障する | ほしょうする | hoshō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 保障すれ | ほしょうすれ | hoshō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 保障せよ¹ 保障しろ² | ほしょうせよ¹ ほしょうしろ² | hoshō seyo¹ hoshō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 保障される | ほしょうされる | hoshō sareru |
| Causative | 保障させる 保障さす | ほしょうさせる ほしょうさす | hoshō saseru hoshō sasu |
| Potential | 保障できる | ほしょうできる | hoshō dekiru |
| Volitional | 保障しよう | ほしょうしよう | hoshō shiyō |
| Negative | 保障しない | ほしょうしない | hoshō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 保障せず | ほしょうせず | hoshō sezu |
| Formal | 保障します | ほしょうします | hoshō shimasu |
| Perfective | 保障した | ほしょうした | hoshō shita |
| Conjunctive | 保障して | ほしょうして | hoshō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 保障すれば | ほしょうすれば | hoshō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 保 | 障 |

### Noun

保障 • (bojang) (hangeul 보장)
* hanja form of 보장