# 嗆

| 嗆 | U+55C6, &#21958; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-55C6 |
| ← 嗅 [U+55C5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 嗇 → [U+55C7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

嗆 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 口人戈口 (ROIR), four-corner 6806$_7$, composition ⿰口倉)
* to choke with smoke
* to irritate the nose

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 202, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4051
* Dae Jaweon: page 424, character 30
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 669, character 10
* Unihan data for U+55C6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 艙 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 倉 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 蒼 | *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ |
| 滄 | *sʰaːŋ, *sʰraŋs |
| 傖 | *sʰaːŋ, *zraːŋ |
| 鶬 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 凔 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 槍 | *sʰaŋ, *sʰraːŋ |
| 搶 | *sʰaŋ, *sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ |
| 蹌 | *sʰaŋ |
| 瑲 | *sʰaŋ |
| 牄 | *sʰaŋ |
| 嗆 | *sʰaŋs |
| 創 | *sʰraŋ, *sʰraŋs |
| 瘡 | *sʰraŋ |
| 愴 | *sʰraŋʔ, *sʰraŋs |
| 鎗 | *sʰraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiāng, qiàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤ, ㄑㄧㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciang
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiang$^1$
*** Yale: chyāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiang
*** Palladius: цян (cjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciàng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiang$^4$
*** Yale: chyàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chianq
*** Palladius: цян (cjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coeng$^1$
*** Yale: chēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰaŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 嗆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1138 |
| Phonetic component | 倉 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蹡 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰaŋs/ |
| Notes | 搶晚起分化字 |

##### Definitions

嗆
* to choke (due to swallowing the wrong way)

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiàng (qiang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiòng / chhiàng / chhiùⁿ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciàng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiang$^4$
*** Yale: chyàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chianq
*** Palladius: цян (cjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coeng$^3$
*** Yale: cheung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœːŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiòng
*** Tâi-lô: tshiòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chioxng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiàng
*** Tâi-lô: tshiàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiaxng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiùⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tshiùnn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chviux
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiũ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰiũ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/
* chhiòng/chhiàng - literary;
* chhiùⁿ - vernacular.

#### Definitions

嗆
* to irritate the respiratory organs, especially the nose (of smoke or odor)
* (Taiwan) to shout at somebody; to speak out against somebody

#### Compounds

* 倒嗆／倒呛
* 嗆咳／呛咳 (qiàngké)
* 嗆啍／呛啍
* 嗆鼻／呛鼻
* 夠嗆／够呛 (gòuqiàng)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhngh / chhǹg / chhn̍gh
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhngh
*** Tâi-lô: tshngh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhngq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰŋ̍ʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍ʔ⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhǹg
*** Tâi-lô: tshǹg
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhngx
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍²¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhn̍gh
*** Tâi-lô: tshn̍gh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhngh
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰŋ̍ʔ⁴/

#### Definitions

嗆
* (Hokkien) to sniffle; to snuffle; to snort (especially outwards rather than inwards when the nose is stuffed)
    嗆嗆吼／呛呛吼 [Hokkien] ― chhngh chhngh háu [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to sob sniffling
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to sob incessantly

##### Synonyms

* 咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
* 哭 (kū)
* 哭泣 (kūqì)
* 哭訴／哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
* 哭鼻子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous)
* 啜氣／啜气 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 啜泣 (chuòqì)
* 啼 (tí) (literary, or in compounds)
* 啼哭 (tíkū) (to cry loudly)
* 嗚咽／呜咽 (wūyè)
* 大哭 (dàkū) (to weep loudly)
* 忽喇 (hueh$^4$ ci$^1$) (Jin)
* 抽咽 (chōuyè)
* 抽噎 (chōuyē)
* 抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
* 抽泣 (chōuqì)
* 泣 (literary, or in compounds)
* 流淚／流泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)
* 流眼淚／流眼泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)
* 痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)
* 號哭／号哭 (háokū) (to wail)
* 號啕／号啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)
* 飲泣／饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00659
* “嗆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): しょう (shō)、そう (sō)
* Kun: ついばむ (tsuibamu)、むせる (museru)、つまる (tsumaru)

## Korean
### Hanja

嗆 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

嗆: Hán Nôm readings: sang
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.