# 綺麗
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qǐlì
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ji$^2$ lai$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khí-lē
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qǐlì
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǐlì
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^3$-li$^4$
*** Yale: chǐ-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiilih
*** Palladius: цили (cili)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$綺麗／绮丽 起立
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^2$ lai$^6$
*** Yale: yí laih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^2$ lai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^2$ lei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː³⁵ lɐi̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí-lē
*** Tâi-lô: khí-lē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qyle
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le²²/
* Middle Chinese: khjeX lejH
Rime :
| Character | 綺 | 麗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (13) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 墟彼切 | 郎計切 |
| Baxter | khjeX | lejH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰˠiᴇ$^X$/ | /lei$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰᵚiɛ$^X$/ | /lei$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰiɛ$^X$/ | /lɛi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰjiə̆$^X$/ | /lɛj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰje$^X$/ | /lei$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰǐe$^X$/ | /liei$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kʰie̯$^X$/ | /liei$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qǐ | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hei$^2$ | lai$^6$ |

### Adjective

綺麗
* gorgeous; beautiful; enchanting

#### Synonyms

* 俊 (jùn)
* 俊俏 (jùnqiào) (attractive and smart)
* 俊秀 (jùnxiù)
* 俊美 (jùnměi) (of a young male)
* 俏麗／俏丽 (qiàolì) (usually of a female)
* 奇麗／奇丽 (qílì) (singularly beautiful)
* 好看 (hǎokàn)
* 妖嬌／妖娇 (“iau-kiau”) (Hokkien)
* 妍美 (yánměi) (literary)
* 姣美 (jiāoměi) (formal, of a face or posture)
* 嬌豔／娇艳 (jiāoyàn) (delicate and charming)
* 嬌逸／娇逸 (jiāoyì) (literary, of a young male)
* 悅目／悦目 (yuèmù)
* 是樣／是样 (shìyàng) (colloquial)
* 標緻／标致 (biāozhì) (usually of a woman)
* 清秀 (qīngxiù)
* 漂亮
* 秀媚 (xiùmèi)
* 秀美 (xiùměi)
* 秀麗／秀丽 (xiùlì)
* 繁華／繁华 (fánhuá) (literary)
* 美觀／美观 (měiguān)
* 美麗／美丽 (měilì)
* 耐看 (nàikàn)
* 花花 (huāhuā) (literary)
* 豔麗／艳丽 (yànlì)
* 邊式／边式 (biānshi) (regional, of dress, physique, etc.)
* 體面／体面 (tǐmiàn)
* 鮮亮／鲜亮 (xiānliàng) (dialectal)
* 鮮麗／鲜丽 (xiānlì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 綺 | 麗 |
| き Jinmeiyō | れい Grade: S |
| on'yomi | kan'on |
* Alternative spellings
* 奇麗 キレイ (informal)

### Etymology

Ultimately from written Chinese 綺麗, 奇麗／绮丽, 奇丽. First attested in Japanese in the 1200s.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きれー [kíꜜrèè] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kʲiɾe̞ː]

### Adjective

綺(き)麗(れい) • (kirei) -na (adnominal 綺(き)麗(れい)な (kirei na), adverbial 綺(き)麗(れい)に (kirei ni))
* [from late 1300s] pretty, gorgeous, beautiful
    Synonyms: 美しい (utsukushii), 麗しい (uruwashii), (dialect) きれか (kireka)
    綺麗(きれい)な空(そら)
       kirei na sora
       a beautiful sky
    綺麗(きれい)な音(おと)
       kirei na oto
       a beautiful sound
* [from 1200s] clear, clean, pure
    Synonyms: 清浄 (seijō, “pure”), 清らか (kiyoraka, “clean, clear (as of water)”), すっきり (sukkiri, adverb)
* [from early 1600s] clean, not dirty
    Synonyms: 清潔 (seiketsu), すっきり (sukkiri, adverb)
* [from 1682] tidy, neat, everything put away
    Synonym: さっぱり (sappari, adverb)
    部屋(へや)をきれいにする
       heya o kirei ni suru
       to tidy up one's room
    このラベルはきれいにはがせます。
       Kono raberu wa kirei ni hagasemasu.
       This label can be peeled off cleanly.
* [from 1711] fair, impartial, of clear conscience

#### Usage notes

This term is often spelled in hiragana.

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 綺麗だろ | きれいだろ | kirei daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 綺麗で | きれいで | kirei de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 綺麗だ | きれいだ | kirei da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 綺麗な | きれいな | kirei na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 綺麗なら | きれいなら | kirei nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 綺麗であれ | きれいであれ | kirei de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 綺麗ではない 綺麗じゃない | きれいではない きれいじゃない | kirei de wa nai kirei ja nai |
| Informal past | 綺麗だった | きれいだった | kirei datta |
| Informal negative past | 綺麗ではなかった 綺麗じゃなかった | きれいではなかった きれいじゃなかった | kirei de wa nakatta kirei ja nakatta |
| Formal | 綺麗です | きれいです | kirei desu |
| Formal negative | 綺麗ではありません 綺麗じゃありません | きれいではありません きれいじゃありません | kirei de wa arimasen kirei ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 綺麗でした | きれいでした | kirei deshita |
| Formal negative past | 綺麗ではありませんでした 綺麗じゃありませんでした | きれいではありませんでした きれいじゃありませんでした | kirei de wa arimasen deshita kirei ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 綺麗で | きれいで | kirei de |
| Conditional | 綺麗なら（ば） | きれいなら（ば） | kirei nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 綺麗だったら | きれいだったら | kirei dattara |
| Volitional | 綺麗だろう | きれいだろう | kirei darō |
| Adverbial | 綺麗に | きれいに | kirei ni |
| Degree | 綺麗さ | きれいさ | kireisa |

### See also

* 口(くち)綺(ぎ)麗(れい) (kuchigirei)
* 小(こ)綺(ぎ)麗(れい) (kogirei)
* 手(て)綺(ぎ)麗(れい) (tegirei)
* 身(み)綺(ぎ)麗(れい) (migirei)

### References

* ↑ “綺麗・奇麗”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.