# 魑魅
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chīmèi
    (Zhuyin): ㄔ ㄇㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ci$^1$ mei$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chīmèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄔ ㄇㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chihmèi
*** Wade–Giles: chʻih$^1$-mei$^4$
*** Yale: chr̄-mèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chymey
*** Palladius: чимэй (čimɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ meɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^1$ mei$^6$
*** Yale: chī meih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^1$ mei$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^1$ méi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː⁵⁵ mei̯²²/
* Middle Chinese: trhje mijH
Rime :
| Character | 魑 | 魅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 徹 (10) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (13) | 脂 (17) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 丑知切 | 明祕切 |
| Baxter | trhje | mijH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈʰˠiᴇ/ | /mˠiɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈʰᵚiɛ/ | /mᵚi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶʰiɛ/ | /miɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈʰjiə̆/ | /mji$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶʰje/ | /mji$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶʰǐe/ | /mi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶʰie̯/ | /mi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chī | mì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ci$^1$ | mei$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*r̥aj mr[ə][t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*r̥ʰel mrɯds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 魑 | 魅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chī | mèi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trhje › | ‹ mij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*r̥aj/ | /*mr[ə][t]-s/ |
| English | demon | 魑魅 trhje.mijH a kind of demon |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 魑 | 魅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 7795 | 12911 |
| Phonetic component | 离 | 未 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 摛 | 郿 |
| Old Chinese | /*r̥ʰel/ | /*mrɯds/ |
| Notes | | 說文同鬽 |

### Noun

魑魅
* evil spirit; demon
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Húndūn, Qióngqí, Táowù, Tāotiè, tóu zhū sì yì, yǐ yù chīmèi. [Pinyin]
    Chaos, Oddity, Block-stump, and Glutton were all cast out to the four frontiers, to ward off ill sprites and evil spirits.

#### Derived terms

* 魑魅魍魎／魑魅魍魉 (chīmèi wǎngliǎng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 魑魅(ちみ) (chimi)
* → Korean: 이매(魑魅) (imae)
* → Vietnamese: si mị (魑魅)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 魑 | 魅 |
| すたま ||
| Hyōgai | Grade: S |
| irregular ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sɨta̠ma̠]

#### Noun

魑魅(すたま) • (sutama)
* a spirit or demon that arises from the trees and stones of a mountain forest
** 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 44:魑魅 山海經云、魑魅、和名須太万。鬼類也Mountain Demon: The Classic of Mountain and Seas calls it a demon, Japanese name Sutama. It is a type of demon.

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 魑 | 魅 |
| すだま ||
| Hyōgai | Grade: S |
| irregular ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) すだま [sùdámá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sɨda̠ma̠]

#### Noun

魑魅(すだま) • (sudama)
* a spirit or demon that arises from the trees and stones of a mountain forest

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 魑 | 魅 |
| ち Hyōgai | み Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちみ [chíꜜmì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [t͡ɕimʲi]

#### Noun

魑(ち)魅(み) • (chimi)
* a demon formed from the spirit of mountains and forests

##### Derived terms

* 魑魅魍魎(ちみもうりょう) (chimimōryō)

##### Related terms

* 魔魅(まみ) (mami)

#### See also

* 魑魅 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{ja}$

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.