# vuka
## Fanagalo
### Etymology

From Zulu -vuka, from Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

### Verb

vuka
* to wake up
* to rise

## Phuthi
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

### Verb

-vúka
* to wake up

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

vuka
* genitive/accusative singular of vuk

## Southern Ndebele
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

### Verb

-vúka
* to wake up

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-vuka (infinitive kuvuka)
* to cross, to cross over

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -vuka :
| Positive present | -navuka |
| Subjunctive | -vuke |
| Negative | -vuki |
| Imperative singular | vuka |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kuvuka |
| Negative | kutovuka |
Imperatives :
| Singular | vuka |
| Plural | vukeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | huvuka |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -livuka |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kuvuka |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tavuka |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tavuka |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sivuke |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngevuka |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singevuka |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalivuka |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalivuka |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mevuka |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshavuka |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -javuka |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kivuka |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipovuka |
| Consecutive | kavuka / positive subject concord + -kavuka |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kavuke |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Nominal derivations:
** kivuko (“bridge or crossing”)

## Swazi
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

### Verb

-vuka
* to wake up
* to get up

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Xhosa
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

### Verb

-vúka
* (intransitive) to wake up

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

### Verb

-vúka
* (intransitive) to wake up, to awaken
* (intransitive) to rise from the dead, to be resurrected
* (intransitive) to rise, to get up
* (intransitive) to get into a rage

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuvuka |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuvuka | ukungavuki |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | vuka | -vuke |
| Plural | vukani | -vukeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyavuka, ngivuka | engivukayo, engivuka | ngivuka | angivuki | engingavuki | ngingavuki |
| 2nd singular | uyavuka, uvuka | ovukayo, ovuka | uvuka | awuvuki | ongavuki | ungavuki |
| 1st plural | siyavuka, sivuka | esivukayo, esivuka | sivuka | asivuki | esingavuki | singavuki |
| 2nd plural | niyavuka, nivuka | enivukayo, enivuka | nivuka | anivuki | eningavuki | ningavuki |
| Class 1 | uyavuka, uvuka | ovukayo, ovuka | evuka | akavuki | ongavuki | engavuki |
| Class 2 | bayavuka, bavuka | abavukayo, abavuka | bevuka | abavuki | abangavuki | bengavuki |
| Class 3 | uyavuka, uvuka | ovukayo, ovuka | uvuka | awuvuki | ongavuki | ungavuki |
| Class 4 | iyavuka, ivuka | evukayo, evuka | ivuka | ayivuki | engavuki | ingavuki |
| Class 5 | liyavuka, livuka | elivukayo, elivuka | livuka | alivuki | elingavuki | lingavuki |
| Class 6 | ayavuka, avuka | avukayo, avuka | evuka | awavuki | angavuki | engavuki |
| Class 7 | siyavuka, sivuka | esivukayo, esivuka | sivuka | asivuki | esingavuki | singavuki |
| Class 8 | ziyavuka, zivuka | ezivukayo, ezivuka | zivuka | azivuki | ezingavuki | zingavuki |
| Class 9 | iyavuka, ivuka | evukayo, evuka | ivuka | ayivuki | engavuki | ingavuki |
| Class 10 | ziyavuka, zivuka | ezivukayo, ezivuka | zivuka | azivuki | ezingavuki | zingavuki |
| Class 11 | luyavuka, luvuka | oluvukayo, oluvuka | luvuka | aluvuki | olungavuki | lungavuki |
| Class 14 | buyavuka, buvuka | obuvukayo, obuvuka | buvuka | abuvuki | obungavuki | bungavuki |
| Class 15 | kuyavuka, kuvuka | okuvukayo, okuvuka | kuvuka | akuvuki | okungavuki | kungavuki |
| Class 17 | kuyavuka, kuvuka | okuvukayo, okuvuka | kuvuka | akuvuki | okungavuki | kungavuki |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngivukile, ngivukē | engivukile, engivukē | ngivukile, ngivukē | angivukanga | engingavukanga | ngingavukanga |
| 2nd singular | uvukile, uvukē | ovukile, ovukē | uvukile, uvukē | awuvukanga | ongavukanga | ungavukanga |
| 1st plural | sivukile, sivukē | esivukile, esivukē | sivukile, sivukē | asivukanga | esingavukanga | singavukanga |
| 2nd plural | nivukile, nivukē | enivukile, enivukē | nivukile, nivukē | anivukanga | eningavukanga | ningavukanga |
| Class 1 | uvukile, uvukē | ovukile, ovukē | evukile, evukē | akavukanga | ongavukanga | engavukanga |
| Class 2 | bavukile, bavukē | abavukile, abavukē | bevukile, bevukē | abavukanga | abangavukanga | bengavukanga |
| Class 3 | uvukile, uvukē | ovukile, ovukē | uvukile, uvukē | awuvukanga | ongavukanga | ungavukanga |
| Class 4 | ivukile, ivukē | evukile, evukē | ivukile, ivukē | ayivukanga | engavukanga | ingavukanga |
| Class 5 | livukile, livukē | elivukile, elivukē | livukile, livukē | alivukanga | elingavukanga | lingavukanga |
| Class 6 | avukile, avukē | avukile, avukē | evukile, evukē | awavukanga | angavukanga | engavukanga |
| Class 7 | sivukile, sivukē | esivukile, esivukē | sivukile, sivukē | asivukanga | esingavukanga | singavukanga |
| Class 8 | zivukile, zivukē | ezivukile, ezivukē | zivukile, zivukē | azivukanga | ezingavukanga | zingavukanga |
| Class 9 | ivukile, ivukē | evukile, evukē | ivukile, ivukē | ayivukanga | engavukanga | ingavukanga |
| Class 10 | zivukile, zivukē | ezivukile, ezivukē | zivukile, zivukē | azivukanga | ezingavukanga | zingavukanga |
| Class 11 | luvukile, luvukē | oluvukile, oluvukē | luvukile, luvukē | aluvukanga | olungavukanga | lungavukanga |
| Class 14 | buvukile, buvukē | obuvukile, obuvukē | buvukile, buvukē | abuvukanga | obungavukanga | bungavukanga |
| Class 15 | kuvukile, kuvukē | okuvukile, okuvukē | kuvukile, kuvukē | akuvukanga | okungavukanga | kungavukanga |
| Class 17 | kuvukile, kuvukē | okuvukile, okuvukē | kuvukile, kuvukē | akuvukanga | okungavukanga | kungavukanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāvuka | engāvuka | ngāvuka | angivukanga | engingavukanga | ngingavukanga |
| 2nd singular | wāvuka | owāvuka | wāvuka | awuvukanga | ongavukanga | ungavukanga |
| 1st plural | sāvuka | esāvuka | sāvuka | asivukanga | esingavukanga | singavukanga |
| 2nd plural | nāvuka | enāvuka | nāvuka | anivukanga | eningavukanga | ningavukanga |
| Class 1 | wāvuka | owāvuka | āvuka | akavukanga | ongavukanga | engavukanga |
| Class 2 | bāvuka | abāvuka | bāvuka | abavukanga | abangavukanga | bengavukanga |
| Class 3 | wāvuka | owāvuka | wāvuka | awuvukanga | ongavukanga | ungavukanga |
| Class 4 | yāvuka | eyāvuka | yāvuka | ayivukanga | engavukanga | ingavukanga |
| Class 5 | lāvuka | elāvuka | lāvuka | alivukanga | elingavukanga | lingavukanga |
| Class 6 | āvuka | āvuka | āvuka | awavukanga | angavukanga | engavukanga |
| Class 7 | sāvuka | esāvuka | sāvuka | asivukanga | esingavukanga | singavukanga |
| Class 8 | zāvuka | ezāvuka | zāvuka | azivukanga | ezingavukanga | zingavukanga |
| Class 9 | yāvuka | eyāvuka | yāvuka | ayivukanga | engavukanga | ingavukanga |
| Class 10 | zāvuka | ezāvuka | zāvuka | azivukanga | ezingavukanga | zingavukanga |
| Class 11 | lwāvuka | olwāvuka | lwāvuka | aluvukanga | olungavukanga | lungavukanga |
| Class 14 | bāvuka | obāvuka | bāvuka | abuvukanga | obungavukanga | bungavukanga |
| Class 15 | kwāvuka | okwāvuka | kwāvuka | akuvukanga | okungavukanga | kungavukanga |
| Class 17 | kwāvuka | okwāvuka | kwāvuka | akuvukanga | okungavukanga | kungavukanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingavuka | — | ngingavuka | ngingevuke | — | ngingevuke |
| 2nd singular | ungavuka | — | ungavuka | ungevuke | — | ungevuke |
| 1st plural | singavuka | — | singavuka | singevuke | — | singevuke |
| 2nd plural | ningavuka | — | ningavuka | ningevuke | — | ningevuke |
| Class 1 | angavuka | — | engavuka | angevuke | — | engevuke |
| Class 2 | bangavuka | — | bengavuka | bangevuke | — | bengevuke |
| Class 3 | ungavuka | — | ungavuka | ungevuke | — | ungevuke |
| Class 4 | ingavuka | — | ingavuka | ingevuke | — | ingevuke |
| Class 5 | lingavuka | — | lingavuka | lingevuke | — | lingevuke |
| Class 6 | angavuka | — | engavuka | angevuke | — | engevuke |
| Class 7 | singavuka | — | singavuka | singevuke | — | singevuke |
| Class 8 | zingavuka | — | zingavuka | zingevuke | — | zingevuke |
| Class 9 | ingavuka | — | ingavuka | ingevuke | — | ingevuke |
| Class 10 | zingavuka | — | zingavuka | zingevuke | — | zingevuke |
| Class 11 | lungavuka | — | lungavuka | lungevuke | — | lungevuke |
| Class 14 | bungavuka | — | bungavuka | bungevuke | — | bungevuke |
| Class 15 | kungavuka | — | kungavuka | kungevuke | — | kungevuke |
| Class 17 | kungavuka | — | kungavuka | kungevuke | — | kungevuke |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizovuka | engizovuka | ngizovuka | angizuvuka | engingezuvuka | ngingezuvuka |
| 2nd singular | uzovuka | ozovuka | uzovuka | awuzuvuka | ongezuvuka | ungezuvuka |
| 1st plural | sizovuka | esizovuka | sizovuka | asizuvuka | esingezuvuka | singezuvuka |
| 2nd plural | nizovuka | enizovuka | nizovuka | anizuvuka | eningezuvuka | ningezuvuka |
| Class 1 | uzovuka | ozovuka | ezovuka | akazuvuka | ongezuvuka | engezuvuka |
| Class 2 | bazovuka | abazovuka | bezovuka | abazuvuka | abangezuvuka | bengezuvuka |
| Class 3 | uzovuka | ozovuka | uzovuka | awuzuvuka | ongezuvuka | ungezuvuka |
| Class 4 | izovuka | ezovuka | izovuka | ayizuvuka | engezuvuka | ingezuvuka |
| Class 5 | lizovuka | elizovuka | lizovuka | alizuvuka | elingezuvuka | lingezuvuka |
| Class 6 | azovuka | azovuka | ezovuka | awazuvuka | angezuvuka | engezuvuka |
| Class 7 | sizovuka | esizovuka | sizovuka | asizuvuka | esingezuvuka | singezuvuka |
| Class 8 | zizovuka | ezizovuka | zizovuka | azizuvuka | ezingezuvuka | zingezuvuka |
| Class 9 | izovuka | ezovuka | izovuka | ayizuvuka | engezuvuka | ingezuvuka |
| Class 10 | zizovuka | ezizovuka | zizovuka | azizuvuka | ezingezuvuka | zingezuvuka |
| Class 11 | luzovuka | oluzovuka | luzovuka | aluzuvuka | olungezuvuka | lungezuvuka |
| Class 14 | buzovuka | obuzovuka | buzovuka | abuzuvuka | obungezuvuka | bungezuvuka |
| Class 15 | kuzovuka | okuzovuka | kuzovuka | akuzuvuka | okungezuvuka | kungezuvuka |
| Class 17 | kuzovuka | okuzovuka | kuzovuka | akuzuvuka | okungezuvuka | kungezuvuka |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyovuka | engiyovuka | ngiyovuka | angiyuvuka | engingeyuvuka | ngingeyuvuka |
| 2nd singular | uyovuka | oyovuka | uyovuka | awuyuvuka | ongeyuvuka | ungeyuvuka |
| 1st plural | siyovuka | esiyovuka | siyovuka | asiyuvuka | esingeyuvuka | singeyuvuka |
| 2nd plural | niyovuka | eniyovuka | niyovuka | aniyuvuka | eningeyuvuka | ningeyuvuka |
| Class 1 | uyovuka | oyovuka | eyovuka | akayuvuka | ongeyuvuka | engeyuvuka |
| Class 2 | bayovuka | abayovuka | beyovuka | abayuvuka | abangeyuvuka | bengeyuvuka |
| Class 3 | uyovuka | oyovuka | uyovuka | awuyuvuka | ongeyuvuka | ungeyuvuka |
| Class 4 | iyovuka | eyovuka | iyovuka | ayiyuvuka | engeyuvuka | ingeyuvuka |
| Class 5 | liyovuka | eliyovuka | liyovuka | aliyuvuka | elingeyuvuka | lingeyuvuka |
| Class 6 | ayovuka | ayovuka | eyovuka | awayuvuka | angeyuvuka | engeyuvuka |
| Class 7 | siyovuka | esiyovuka | siyovuka | asiyuvuka | esingeyuvuka | singeyuvuka |
| Class 8 | ziyovuka | eziyovuka | ziyovuka | aziyuvuka | ezingeyuvuka | zingeyuvuka |
| Class 9 | iyovuka | eyovuka | iyovuka | ayiyuvuka | engeyuvuka | ingeyuvuka |
| Class 10 | ziyovuka | eziyovuka | ziyovuka | aziyuvuka | ezingeyuvuka | zingeyuvuka |
| Class 11 | luyovuka | oluyovuka | luyovuka | aluyuvuka | olungeyuvuka | lungeyuvuka |
| Class 14 | buyovuka | obuyovuka | buyovuka | abuyuvuka | obungeyuvuka | bungeyuvuka |
| Class 15 | kuyovuka | okuyovuka | kuyovuka | akuyuvuka | okungeyuvuka | kungeyuvuka |
| Class 17 | kuyovuka | okuyovuka | kuyovuka | akuyuvuka | okungeyuvuka | kungeyuvuka |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngivuke | ngingavuki |
| 2nd singular | uvuke | ungavuki |
| 1st plural | sivuke | singavuki |
| 2nd plural | nivuke | ningavuki |
| Class 1 | avuke | angavuki |
| Class 2 | bavuke | bangavuki |
| Class 3 | uvuke | ungavuki |
| Class 4 | ivuke | ingavuki |
| Class 5 | livuke | lingavuki |
| Class 6 | avuke | angavuki |
| Class 7 | sivuke | singavuki |
| Class 8 | zivuke | zingavuki |
| Class 9 | ivuke | ingavuki |
| Class 10 | zivuke | zingavuki |
| Class 11 | luvuke | lungavuki |
| Class 14 | buvuke | bungavuki |
| Class 15 | kuvuke | kungavuki |
| Class 17 | kuvuke | kungavuki |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngavuka | ngangavuka, angavuka, angangavuka |
| 2nd singular | wavuka | wangavuka, awavuka, awangavuka |
| 1st plural | savuka | sangavuka, asavuka, asangavuka |
| 2nd plural | navuka | nangavuka, anavuka, anangavuka |
| Class 1 | wavuka | wangavuka, akavuka, akangavuka |
| Class 2 | bavuka | bangavuka, abavuka, abangavuka |
| Class 3 | wavuka | wangavuka, awavuka, awangavuka |
| Class 4 | yavuka | yangavuka, ayavuka, ayangavuka |
| Class 5 | lavuka | langavuka, alavuka, alangavuka |
| Class 6 | avuka | angavuka, awavuka, awangavuka |
| Class 7 | savuka | sangavuka, asavuka, asangavuka |
| Class 8 | zavuka | zangavuka, azavuka, azangavuka |
| Class 9 | yavuka | yangavuka, ayavuka, ayangavuka |
| Class 10 | zavuka | zangavuka, azavuka, azangavuka |
| Class 11 | lwavuka | lwangavuka, alwavuka, alwangavuka |
| Class 14 | bavuka | bangavuka, abavuka, abangavuka |
| Class 15 | kwavuka | kwangavuka, akwavuka, akwangavuka |
| Class 17 | kwavuka | kwangavuka, akwavuka, akwangavuka |

#### Derived terms

* -vukela (applicative)
* -vukisa, -vusa (causative)
* -vukeka (neuter-passive)
* -vukwa (passive)
* -vukile (stative)
* ivuka
* imvuka
* umvuka
* uvuko

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “vuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “vuka (6-3.9)”