# ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ (sōounou) — Bohairic
* ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ (sooun) — Sahidic, Fayyumic
* ⲥⲁⲩⲛⲉ (saune) — Akhmimic, Lycopolitan
* ⲥⲁⲟⲩⲛ (saoun), ⲥⲁⲟⲩ (saou), ⲥⲟⲩⲉⲓ (souei) — Fayyumic

### Verb

ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ • (sōoun) (nominal state ⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ-, pronominal state ⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛ⸗, stative ⲥⲟⲩⲓⲛ)
* (Bohairic) to know
    Synonyms: ⲕⲁϯ (kati), ⲉⲙⲓ (emi)

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ sōoun | imperative | affirmative | ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ sōoun |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ štemsōoun | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀persōoun |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ tisōoun | ⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ksōoun | ⲧⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ tesōoun | ϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ fsōoun | ⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ssōoun | ⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ tensōoun | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ tetensōoun | ⲥⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ sesōoun | ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ sōoun |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eisōoun | ⲉⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eksōoun | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eresōoun | ⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ efsōoun | ⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ essōoun | ⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ensōoun | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eretensōoun | ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eusōoun | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ere- sōoun |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etisōoun | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eteksōoun | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etesōoun | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etefsōoun | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etessōoun | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etensōoun | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etetensōoun | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etousōoun | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ete- sōoun |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ naisōoun | ⲛⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ naksōoun | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ naresōoun | ⲛⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nafsōoun | ⲛⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nassōoun | ⲛⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nansōoun | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ naretensōoun | ⲛⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nausōoun | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nare- sōoun |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aisōoun | ⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aksōoun | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aresōoun | ⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ afsōoun | ⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ assōoun | ⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ansōoun | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aretensōoun | ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ausōoun | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ are- sōoun |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ tinasōoun | ⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ khnasōoun | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ terasōoun | ϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ fnasōoun | ⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ snasōoun | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ tennasōoun | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ tetennasōoun | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ senasōoun | ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nasōoun |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ einasōoun | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ekhnasōoun | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ erenasōoun | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ efnasōoun | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ esnasōoun | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ennasōoun | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eretennasōoun | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eunasōoun | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ere- nasōoun |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etinasōoun | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etekhnasōoun | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etenasōoun | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etefnasōoun | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etesnasōoun | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etennasōoun | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etetennasōoun | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etounasōoun | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ete- nasōoun |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nainasōoun | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nakhnasōoun | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ narenasōoun | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nafnasōoun | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nasnasōoun | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nannasōoun | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ naretennasōoun | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ naunasōoun | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nare- nasōoun |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ainasōoun | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ akhnasōoun | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ arenasōoun | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ afnasōoun | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ asnasōoun | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ annasōoun | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aretennasōoun | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aunasōoun | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ are- nasōoun |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aisōoun | ⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aksōoun | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aresōoun | ⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ afsōoun | ⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ assōoun | ⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ansōoun | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ atetensōoun | ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ausōoun | ⲁ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ a- sōoun |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀pisōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀peksōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀pesōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀pefsōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀pessōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀pensōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀petensōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀pousōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀pe- sōoun |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eaisōoun | ⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eaksōoun | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ earesōoun | ⲉⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eafsōoun | ⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eassōoun | ⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eansōoun | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eatetensōoun | ⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eausōoun | ⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ea- sōoun |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pisōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀peksōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pesōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pefsōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pessōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pensōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀petensōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pousōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pe- sōoun |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etaisōoun | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etaksōoun | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etaresōoun | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etafsōoun | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etassōoun | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etansōoun | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etaretensōoun | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etausōoun | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eta- sōoun |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀pisōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀peksōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀pesōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀pefsōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀pessōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀pensōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀petensōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀pousōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀pe- sōoun |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ neaisōoun | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ neaksōoun | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nearesōoun | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ neafsōoun | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ neassōoun | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ neansōoun | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ neatetensōoun | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ neausōoun | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nea- sōoun |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nem̀pisōoun | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nem̀peksōoun | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nem̀pesōoun | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nem̀pefsōoun | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nem̀pessōoun | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nem̀pensōoun | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nem̀petensōoun | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nem̀pousōoun | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nem̀pe- sōoun |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etaisōoun | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etaksōoun | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etaresōoun | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etafsōoun | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etassōoun | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etansōoun | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etaretensōoun | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etausōoun | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eta- sōoun |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀patisōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀pateksōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀patesōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀patefsōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀patessōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀patensōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀patetensōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀patousōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀pate- sōoun |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀patisōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pateksōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀patesōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀patefsōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀patessōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀patensōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀patetensōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀patousōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pate- sōoun |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀patisōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀pateksōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀patesōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀patefsōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀patessōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀patensōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀patetensōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀patousōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀pate- sōoun |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀patisōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀pateksōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀patesōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀patefsōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀patessōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀patensōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀patetensōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀patousōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀pate- sōoun |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šaisōoun | ϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šaksōoun | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šaresōoun | ϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šafsōoun | ϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šassōoun | ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šansōoun | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šatetensōoun | ϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šausōoun | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šare- sōoun |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀paisōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀paksōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀paresōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀pafsōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀passōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀pansōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀paretensōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀pausōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀pare- sōoun |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ešaisōoun | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ešaksōoun | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ešaresōoun | ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ešafsōoun | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ešassōoun | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ešansōoun | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ešatetensōoun | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ešausōoun | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ešare- sōoun |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀paisōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀paksōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀paresōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pafsōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀passōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pansōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀paretensōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pausōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pare- sōoun |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etšaisōoun | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etšaksōoun | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etšaresōoun | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etšafsōoun | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etšassōoun | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etšansōoun | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etšatetensōoun | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etšausōoun | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etšare- sōoun |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀paisōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀paksōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀paresōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀pafsōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀passōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀pansōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀paretensōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀pausōoun | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ etm̀pare- sōoun |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ našaisōoun | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ našaksōoun | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ našaresōoun | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ našafsōoun | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ našassōoun | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ našansōoun | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ našatetensōoun | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ našausōoun | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ našare- sōoun |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀paisōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀paksōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀paresōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀pafsōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀passōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀pansōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀paretensōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀pausōoun | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ nam̀pare- sōoun |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀paisōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀paksōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀paresōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pafsōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀passōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pansōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀paretensōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pausōoun | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ em̀pare- sōoun |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eiesōoun | ⲉⲕⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ekesōoun | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eresōoun | ⲉϥⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ efesōoun | ⲉⲥⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ esesōoun | ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ enesōoun | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ eretenesōoun | ⲉⲩⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ euesōoun | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ere- sōoun |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹnasōoun | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹneksōoun | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹnesōoun | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹnefsōoun | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹnessōoun | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹnensōoun | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹnetensōoun | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹnousōoun | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹne- sōoun |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ marisōoun | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ marefsōoun | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ maressōoun | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ marensōoun | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ marousōoun | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ mare- sōoun |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀penthrisōoun | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀penthrefsōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀penthressōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀penthrensōoun | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀penthreusōoun | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ m̀penthre- sōoun |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹtasōoun | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹteksōoun | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹtesōoun | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹtefsōoun | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹtessōoun | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹtensōoun | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹtetensōoun | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹsesōoun, ǹtousōoun | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ǹte- sōoun |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ tarisōoun | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ tareksōoun | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ taresōoun | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ tarefsōoun | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ taressōoun | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ tarensōoun | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ taretensōoun | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ tarousōoun | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ tare- sōoun |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šatisōoun | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šateksōoun | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šatesōoun | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šatefsōoun | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šatessōoun | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šatensōoun | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šatetensōoun | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šatousōoun | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ šate- sōoun |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aišansōoun | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ akšansōoun | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ arešansōoun | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ afšansōoun | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ asšansōoun | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ anšansōoun | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aretenšansōoun | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aušansōoun | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ arešan- sōoun |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aisōoun | ⲁⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aksōoun | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aresōoun | ⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ afsōoun | ⲁⲥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ assōoun | ⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ansōoun | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ aretensōoun | ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ausōoun | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ are- sōoun |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

#### Derived terms

* ⲁⲧⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ (atsouen, “ignorant”)
* ⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ (refsōoun, “knower”)

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 168
* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 369