# 歹勢
## Chinese

* This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dǎishì
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄞˇ ㄕˋ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pháiⁿ-sè / phái-sè / pháiⁿ-sì / phái-sì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pai$^2$ sê$^3$ / pain$^2$ sê$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dǎishì
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˇ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dǎishìh
*** Wade–Giles: tai$^3$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: dǎi-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daeshyh
*** Palladius: дайши (dajši)
*** Sinological IPA : /taɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$歹事 歹勢／歹势
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Sanxia, Taipei, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Penang, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pháiⁿ-sè
*** Tâi-lô: pháinn-sè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phvaysex
*** IPA (Singapore): /pʰãi⁴²⁻²⁴ se²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se²¹/
*** IPA (Yilan, Tainan): /pʰãi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ se²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰãi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se¹¹/
*** IPA (Penang): /pʰãi⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ se²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phái-sè
*** Tâi-lô: phái-sè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phaysex
*** IPA (Lukang): /pʰai⁵⁵⁻³⁵ se³¹/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /pʰai⁵³⁻²⁴ se¹²/
*** IPA (Singapore): /pʰai⁴²⁻²⁴ se²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /pʰai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ se⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pháiⁿ-sì
*** Tâi-lô: pháinn-sì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phvaysix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phái-sì
*** Tâi-lô: phái-sì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phaysix
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pai$^2$ sê$^3$ / pain$^2$ sê$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phái sè / pháiⁿ sè
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰai⁵²⁻³⁵ se²¹³/, /pʰãĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ se²¹³/

### Interjection

歹勢
* (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) pardon me; excuse me; sorry

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 不好意思 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 不好意思 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 不好意思 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 不好意思 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 唔好意思 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 唔好意思 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 唔好意思 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 唔好意思 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 唔好意思 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 敗勢 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 壞勢 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 敗勢 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 敗勢, 歪勢 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 敗勢 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 歹勢 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 唔好意思 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 敗勢 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 䆀勢 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 歹勢, 無好意思 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 孬意思 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 孬意思 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 孬意思 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 孬意思, 歹勢 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 勿好意思 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 不好意思 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jilin | 對不住 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 對不起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 對不起 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 對不起 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 對不起 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 對不住 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xingtai | 對不住 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 對不起, 對不住 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 對不起 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 對不起 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 對不起, 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhumadian | 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhoukou | 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Nanyang | 對不起, 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linyi | 對不起, 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 對不起, 不好意思 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 對不起, 外氣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Kaifeng | 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 對不起, 對不住 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xianyang | 對不起 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 擔持 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 對不起 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 對不起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 對不起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 對不起, 對不住, 不好意思, 抱歉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 對不起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Lhasa | 對不起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 對不起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 不好意思 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 對沒起, 沒好意思 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 對不起 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 對不起 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Taizhou | 對不起 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 對不起 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 對不住 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 對唔住 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 對唔住, sorry, sor informal |
| Cantonese | Macau | 對唔住 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 對唔住 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 對冇住 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 對唔住 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 對唔住 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 不好得的 |
| Gan | Yichun | 對不住 |
| Gan | Ji'an | 難為你 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 對唔住 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 唔好意思 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 失禮, 敗勢, 斯里麻生 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 失禮, 壞勢, 斯里麻生 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 失禮, 敗勢, 斯里麻生 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 失禮, 敗勢, 歪勢, 斯里麻生 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 失禮, 敗勢, 斯里麻生 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 失禮, 歹勢, 斯里麻生 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 敗勢 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 對不起 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 對伓住 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 對不住 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 對不住 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 歹勢, 對不住, 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 歹勢, 對不住 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 䆀勢, 對不住 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 失禮, 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 失禮, 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 失禮, 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 失禮, 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 失禮 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 歹勢, sorry |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹勢, 對毋住, sorry |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 歹勢, 對不住 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 對唔住 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 對唔住 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 對唔住, 歹勢 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 勿好意思, 對勿起 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) | 對勿起 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 對勿起 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) | 對勿起 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 對勿起 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 對勿住 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 對弗起 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 對弗住 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 對弗起 |
| Wu | Taicang | 抱歉 |
| Wu | Zhangjiagang | 對弗起 |
| Wu | Haining (Xiashi) | 對勿住 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 對勿起 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 對不起 |
| Wu | Tonglu | 對勿住 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 對勿住 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 交代勿過, 勿好意思 |
| Wu | Yuyao | 對勿住, 交代勿過 |
| Wu | Cixi | 交代弗過 |
| Wu | Taizhou (Jiaojiang) | 對弗住 |
| Wu | Linhai | 對弗住 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 對否起 |
| Wu | Rui'an | 對否起 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 對弗住, 弗好意思 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 對不住 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 對不住 |

### Adjective

歹勢
* (Hokkien) embarrassed; shy; ill at ease

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 害羞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 害臊, 靦腆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 害羞, 靦腆 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 害羞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 害羞 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 害臊, 靦腆 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 害羞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 怕羞, 怕醜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 怕醜, 怕難為情, 難為情 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 怕醜, 怕難為情, 難為情 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 怕醜, 怕難為情, 難為情 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 怕醜 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 怕醜 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 著羞 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 怕羞, 畏羞 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 怕醜 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 畏羞 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 畏羞 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 怕醜 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 怕醜 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 驚見笑 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 驚見笑 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 驚見笑 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 驚見笑 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 驚見笑 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 驚見笑 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 害羞 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 伓好意思 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 小禮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 見笑, 驚見笑, 歹勢, 驚歹勢, 畏小禮, 畏小人, 閉思, 覕䟙 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 見笑, 驚見笑, 歹勢, 驚歹勢, 閉思 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 見笑, 驚見笑, 䆀勢, 驚䆀勢, 無藝, 驚無藝, 畏小禮, 閉思 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 歹勢 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 小禮 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 小禮 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 小禮, 畏小禮 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 小禮, 畏小禮 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 小禮 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 細禮 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 驚畏醜 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 難為情 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 難為情, 怕難為情 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 得人憎 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 怕醜 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 怕醜 |

### References

* “Entry #1103”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.