# 疆

| 疆 | U+7586, &#30086; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7586 |
| ← 疅 [U+7585] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 疇 → [U+7587] |

## Translingual
### Han character

疆 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+14, 19 strokes, cangjie input 弓土一田一 (NGMWM), four-corner 1111$_6$, composition ⿰⿹弓土畺)

#### Derived characters

* 𧅁

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 766, character 33
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21961
* Dae Jaweon: page 1177, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2554, character 5
* Unihan data for U+7586

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 畺 | *kaŋ |
| 畕 | *kaŋ |
| 礓 | *kaŋ |
| 繮 | *kaŋ |
| 韁 | *kaŋ |
| 橿 | *kaŋ |
| 薑 | *kaŋ |
| 疆 | *kaŋ |
| 壃 | *kaŋ |
| 僵 | *kaŋ |
| 彊 | *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ |
| 麠 | *kaŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaŋ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ).

### Etymology

Variant or allofam of 境 (OC *kraŋʔ, “boundary”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Burmese ကင်း (kang:, “to be free from, keep away from”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāng (jiang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): goeng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiong / kiang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiang
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^1$
*** Yale: jyāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiang
*** Palladius: цзян (czjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: goeng$^1$
*** Yale: gēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: goeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
*** Tâi-lô: kiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan, Hsinchu, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiang
*** Tâi-lô: kiang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiafng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiaŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: giang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiang
*** Sinological IPA : /kiaŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: kjang
Rime :
| Character | 疆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居良切 |
| Baxter | kjang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | goeng$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 疆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*kaŋ/ |
| English | boundary |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 疆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6261 |
| Phonetic component | 畺 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 薑 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaŋ/ |
| Notes | 同畺 |

### Definitions

疆
* boundary; border; frontier
* territory
* limit; bound
* (Hsinchu and Magong Hokkien) very big bowl
* Short for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng).
* a surname

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 海碗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 碗公 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 海碗, 大海碗 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 海碗, 大海碗 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 海碗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 海碗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 海碗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 老碗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 海碗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 海碗兒, 海碗 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 老碗 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 海碗 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 海碗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 斗碗兒, 斗碗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 海碗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 海碗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 海碗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 湯碗, 品碗 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 大頭碗, 海碗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 湯碗 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 湯碗 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 海碗 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 海碗 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 大斗碗公 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) | 斗公 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 大碗公 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Changting | 碗頭 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 碗頭 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 碗頭 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 餚碗, 品碗 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 湯碗 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 品碗 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 大碗公 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 碗公 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 碗公 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 海碗 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 鉢碗 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 海碗, 碗頭嫲 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 海碗, 缸母, 缸婆, 缸 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 大水碗, 水碗, 碗疆, 碗公 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 大海碗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 碗疆, 八寶疆, 八寶碗, 八股疆, 八股碗, 八角疆 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 戇疆 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 碗疆 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 碗公 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 碗公 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 碗公 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 碗公 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 碗公, 碗疆 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 碗公 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 碗公 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 疆, 碗公 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 碗疆 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 疆, 碗疆 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 碗公, 碗疆 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 大碗 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 碗公 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 公碗 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 海碗 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 海碗 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 海碗 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 海大碗 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 海碗 |
| Wu | Danyang | 海碗 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 海碗, 大海碗, 湯碗 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 五海大碗, 彌海碗, 海子碗 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 大匋 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 海碗 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 海碗 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 海碗 |

### Compounds

* 列土分疆
* 列土封疆
* 回疆 (Huíjiāng)
* 封疆 (fēngjiāng)
* 拓土開疆／拓土开疆
* 捐軀疆場／捐躯疆场
* 新疆 (Xīnjiāng)
* 新疆回變／新疆回变
* 海疆
* 無疆／无疆 (wújiāng)
* 無疆之休／无疆之休
* 疆吏
* 疆土 (jiāngtǔ)
* 疆埸 (jiāngyì)
* 疆域 (jiāngyù)
* 疆場／疆场 (jiāngchǎng)
* 疆宇
* 疆徼
* 疆理 (jiānglǐ)
* 疆界 (jiāngjiè)
* 疆臣
* 福壽無疆／福寿无疆 (fúshòuwújiāng)
* 萬壽無疆／万寿无疆 (wànshòuwújiāng)
* 苗疆 (Miáojiāng)
* 邊疆／边疆 (biānjiāng)
* 邊疆民族／边疆民族
* 邊疆舞／边疆舞
* 開疆／开疆 (kāijiāng)
* 阿塞拜疆 (Āsàibàijiāng)

### References

* ↑ Luce, G. H. (1981) “-AṄ Finals (4. to be Parted from)”, in A Comparative Word-List of Old Burmese, Chinese and Tibetan, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, →ISBN, page 70

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* boundary

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kun: さかい (sakai, 疆)
* Nanori: つよし (tsuyoshi)

## Korean
### Hanja

疆 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

疆: Hán Nôm readings: cưng, câng, cương
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.