# 不得
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bùdé
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bat$^1$ dak$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): put-tet
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): put-tek / put-tiak
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bùdé
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bùdé
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^4$-tê$^2$
*** Yale: bù-dé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buder
*** Palladius: будэ (budɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bat$^1$ dak$^1$
*** Yale: bāt dāk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bat$^7$ dak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bed$^1$ deg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɐt̚⁵ tɐk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put-tet
*** Hakka Romanization System: bud$^ˋ$ ded$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bud$^5$ ded$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /put̚² tet̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-tek
*** Tâi-lô: put-tik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: putdeg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /put̚³²⁻⁴ tiɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /put̚³²⁻⁵ tiɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-tiak
*** Tâi-lô: put-tiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: putdiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /put̚⁵⁻²⁴ tiak̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: pjuw|pjuwX|pjut tok
Rime :
| Character | 不 | 不 | 不 | 得 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 尤 (136) | 物 (60) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | I |
| Fanqie | 甫鳩切 | 方久切 | 分勿切 | 多則切 |
| Baxter | pjuw | pjuwX | pjut | tok |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨu/ | /pɨu$^X$/ | /pɨut̚/ | /tək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piu/ | /piu$^X$/ | /piut̚/ | /tək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piəu/ | /piəu$^X$/ | /piuət̚/ | /tək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puw/ | /puw$^X$/ | /put̚/ | /tək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /piu/ | /piu$^X$/ | /piuət̚/ | /tək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭəu/ | /pĭəu$^X$/ | /pĭuət̚/ | /tək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pi̯ə̯u/ | /pi̯ə̯u$^X$/ | /pi̯uət̚/ | /tək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fōu | fǒu | fu | de |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fau$^1$ | fau$^2$ | fat$^1$ | dak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə tˤək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pɯ|pɯʔ|pɯ' tɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 不 | 得 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bù | dé |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjuw › | ‹ tok › |
| Old Chinese | /*pə/ | /*tˁək/ |
| English | not | obtain |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 不 | 不 | 不 | 得 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1025 | 1029 | 1048 | 2165 |
| Phonetic component | 不 | 不 | 不 | 得 |
| Rime group | 之 | 之 | 物 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 不 | 缶 | 弗 | 德 |
| Old Chinese | /*pɯ/ | /*pɯʔ/ | /*pɯ'/ | /*tɯːɡ/ |
| Notes | | 象花柎與本同源 | 中古才促化 | |

#### Verb

不得
* (auxiliary) must not; should not; not be allowed
    不得亂扔垃圾。／不得乱扔垃圾。 ― Bùdé luàn rēng lājī. ― No littering.
       Bùdé suídì tǔtán. [Pinyin]
       No spitting.
    不得躺臥。／不得躺卧。 ― Bùdé tǎngwò. ― No lying down here.
       Wèichéngniánrén bùdé rùnèi. [Pinyin]
       Admittance for adults only.
       Fēi jǐnjí qíngkuàng bùdé tíngliú. [Pinyin]
       Emergency stop only.
* to not receive
       Hěn duō gōngrén dōu shì zhōngrì láozuò què bùdé wēnbǎo. [Pinyin]
       Many workers work all day without being able to meet their basic needs for living.
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Yǎotiǎo shūnǚ, wùmèi qiú zhī. Qiú zhī bùdé, wùmèi sīfú. [Pinyin]
    The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: Waking and sleeping, he sought her. He sought her and found her not, And waking and sleeping he thought about her.

##### Synonyms

* (must not): (literary) 不容 (bùróng)

##### Derived terms

* 不得不 (bùdébù)
* 不得了 (bùdéliǎo)
* 不得人心 (bùdérénxīn)
* 不得已 (bùdéyǐ)
* 不得而知 (bùdé'érzhī)
* 哭笑不得 (kūxiàobùdé)
* 永世不得翻身 (yǒngshì bùdé fānshēn)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bude, bùde, bùdé, budé
    (Zhuyin): ˙ㄅㄨ ˙ㄉㄜ, ㄅㄨˋ ˙ㄉㄜ, ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ, ˙ㄅㄨ ㄉㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bat$^1$ dak$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bude
*** Zhuyin: ˙ㄅㄨ ˙ㄉㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bůde̊
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^5$-tê$^5$
*** Yale: bu-de
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bu.de
*** Palladius: будэ (budɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /b̥u d̥ə¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bùde
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ˙ㄉㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bùde̊
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^4$-tê$^5$
*** Yale: bù-de
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bu.de
*** Palladius: будэ (budɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵¹ d̥ə¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bùdé
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bùdé
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^4$-tê$^2$
*** Yale: bù-dé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buder
*** Palladius: будэ (budɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: budé
*** Zhuyin: ˙ㄅㄨ ㄉㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bůdé
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^5$-tê$^2$
*** Yale: bu-dé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buder
*** Palladius: будэ (budɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /b̥u tɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bat$^1$ dak$^1$
*** Yale: bāt dāk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bat$^7$ dak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bed$^1$ deg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɐt̚⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

#### Verb

不得
* complement placed after a verb to express impossibility or inability; cannot; be unable to

##### Derived terms

* 不得其門而入／不得其门而入 (bùdé qí mén ér rù)
* 使不得
* 做不得
* 動彈不得／动弹不得
* 受不得
* 巴不得
* 怪不得 (guàibude)
* 恨不得 (hènbude)
* 求生不得，求死不能 (qiúshēng bùdé, qiúsǐ bùnéng)
* 看不得 (kànbudé)
* 顧不得／顾不得