# 告別
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gàobié
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gou$^3$ bit$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ko-phe̍t
* Eastern Min (BUC): gó̤-biĕk
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kò͘-pia̍t / kò-pia̍t
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gàobié
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄠˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gàobié
*** Wade–Giles: kao$^4$-pieh$^2$
*** Yale: gàu-byé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gawbye
*** Palladius: гаобе (gaobe)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑʊ̯⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gou$^3$ bit$^6$
*** Yale: gou biht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gou$^3$ bit$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gou$^3$ bid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kou̯³³ piːt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ko-phe̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: go ped
*** Hagfa Pinyim: go$^4$ ped$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /ko⁵⁵ pʰet̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gó̤-biĕk
*** Sinological IPA : /ko²¹³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(p-)}$βieʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-pia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: kòo-pia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: korpiat
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɛt̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò-pia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: kò-pia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koirpiat
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ piɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ko²¹⁻⁵³ piɛt̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ko¹¹⁻⁵³ piɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ko²¹⁻⁵³ piɛt̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kawH bjet
Rime :
| Character | 告 | 別 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 薛 (83) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 古到切 | 皮列切 |
| Baxter | kawH | bjet |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑu$^H$/ | /bˠiᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑu$^H$/ | /bᵚiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑu$^H$/ | /biæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaw$^H$/ | /biat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑu$^H$/ | /bjɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑu$^H$/ | /bĭɛt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kɑu$^H$/ | /bʱi̯ɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gào | bié |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gou$^3$ | bit$^6$ |

### Verb

告別
* to bid farewell; to take one's leave from

#### Synonyms

* 告辭／告辞 (gàocí)
* 告退 (gàotuì) (literary)
* 拜別／拜别 (bàibié) (literary, polite)
* 拜辭／拜辞 (bàicí) (literary, polite)
* 相辭／相辞 (Hokkien)
* 辭別／辞别 (cíbié) (literary)
* 辭行／辞行 (cíxíng)
* 送別／送别 (sòngbié)

#### Antonyms

* 會合／会合 (huìhé)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 告 | 別 |
| こく Grade: 5 | べつ Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 吿別 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

Middle Chinese 告別 (kɑu$^H$ bˠiᴇt̚)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こくべつ [kòkúbétsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞kɯ̟be̞t͡sɨ]

### Noun

告(こく)別(べつ) • (kokubetsu)
* farewell

### Verb

告(こく)別(べつ)する • (kokubetsu suru) suru (stem 告(こく)別(べつ)し (kokubetsu shi), past 告(こく)別(べつ)した (kokubetsu shita))
* bid farewell

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 告別し | こくべつし | kokubetsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 告別し | こくべつし | kokubetsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 告別する | こくべつする | kokubetsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 告別する | こくべつする | kokubetsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 告別すれ | こくべつすれ | kokubetsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 告別せよ¹ 告別しろ² | こくべつせよ¹ こくべつしろ² | kokubetsu seyo¹ kokubetsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 告別される | こくべつされる | kokubetsu sareru |
| Causative | 告別させる 告別さす | こくべつさせる こくべつさす | kokubetsu saseru kokubetsu sasu |
| Potential | 告別できる | こくべつできる | kokubetsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 告別しよう | こくべつしよう | kokubetsu shiyō |
| Negative | 告別しない | こくべつしない | kokubetsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 告別せず | こくべつせず | kokubetsu sezu |
| Formal | 告別します | こくべつします | kokubetsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 告別した | こくべつした | kokubetsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 告別して | こくべつして | kokubetsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 告別すれば | こくべつすれば | kokubetsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 告 | 別 |

### Noun

告別 • (gobyeol) (hangeul 고별)
* hanja form of 고별 (“farewell; parting”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 告 | 別 |

### Verb

告別
* chữ Hán form of cáo biệt (“to bid farewell”).