# φράσσω
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* φρᾰ́ττω (phráttō) — Attic

### Etymology

Unclear. The traditional connection with Latin farciō is quite uncertain.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʰrás.sɔː/ → /ˈɸras.so/ → /ˈfra.so/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pʰrás.sɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈpʰras.so/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈɸras.so/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈfras.so/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈfra.so/

### Verb

φρᾰ́σσω • (phrássō)
* to fence in, hedge around, secure, fortify
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.263
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.256
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1375
** 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 456
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Isthmian Ode 1.95
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.566, (Compare Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 63)
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.51
** 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 798
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.70
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.35
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.268, (Compare Herodotus, Histories 7.142, Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis 826)
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.34
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.82
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 376
** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 235
* to put up as a fence
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.130
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.61
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 823
** (of dogs) put down one's tail
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cynegeticus 3.5
* to stop up, block
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.7
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.13
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes 520.19
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.99
** 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 84D
** (figuratively) to bar, stop
*** 250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 157D
*** New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 3:19, (Compare Second Epistle to the Corinthians 11:10)

#### Inflection

In Attic the rho and alpha are sometimes transposed (e.g. πέφαργμαι (péphargmai) for πέφραγμαι (péphragmai)).

#### Derived terms

* ἄφρακτος (áphraktos), ἄφαρκτος (ápharktos)

#### Descendants

* Byzantine Greek: φράζω (phrázō)
** Modern Greek: φράζω (frázo), φράσσω (frásso)

### References

* “φράσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “φράσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “φράσσω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* φράσσω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* φράσσω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “φράσσω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G5420 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN