# 筵

| 筵 | U+7B75, &#31605; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B75 |
| ← 筴 [U+7B74] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 筶 → [U+7B76] |

## Translingual
### Han character

筵 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓大一 (HNKM) or 竹弓大女 (HNKV), four-corner 8840$_1$, composition ⿱𥫗延)
* bamboo mat
* feast, banquet

#### Derived characters

* 𢷩, 𱤨, 𮉌, 𫑎

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 886, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26080
* Dae Jaweon: page 1314, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2967, character 3
* Unihan data for U+7B75

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 唌 | *l'aːn |
| 誕 | *l'aːnʔ |
| 蜑 | *l'aːnʔ |
| 蛋 | *l'aːns |
| 硟 | *slan, *l̥ʰjans |
| 涎 | *ljan, *lans |
| 脠 | *l̥ʰan, *hljan |
| 梴 | *l̥ʰan |
| 鋋 | *ɦljan, *lan |
| 埏 | *hljan, *lan |
| 挻 | *hljan |
| 鯅 | *hljan |
| 延 | *lan, *lans |
| 筵 | *lan |
| 蜒 | *lan |
| 狿 | *lan, *lans |
| 郔 | *lan |
| 綖 | *lan |
| 莚 | *lan, *lans |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lan) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 延 (OC *lan, *lans).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yán (yan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jin$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn
* Eastern Min (BUC): iòng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yán
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yán
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^2$
*** Yale: yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^4$
*** Yale: yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng
*** Sinological IPA : /yoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
*** Tâi-lô: iân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
* Middle Chinese: yen
Rime :
| Character | 筵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以然切 |
| Baxter | yen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jian/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*la[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lan/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 筵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yen › |
| Old Chinese | /*la[n]/ |
| English | bamboo mat |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 筵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14257 |
| Phonetic component | 延 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 延 |
| Old Chinese | /*lan/ |

### Definitions

筵
* (obsolete or in compounds) banquet; feast
    盛筵 ― shèngyán ― grand banquet
    喜筵 ― xǐyán ― banquet for a happy event
* (obsolete) bamboo mat
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Huò sì zhī yán, huò shòu zhī jī. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (obsolete) seat
    From: Etiquette and Ceremonial, circa 475 – 221 BCE
    Jiàng yán, bài. Bīn dábài. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Tuì fǎn wèi, yī bīn jiù yán. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Compounds

* 几筵
* 別筵／别筵
* 喜筵 (xǐyán)
* 天下沒有不散的筵席／天下没有不散的筵席 (tiānxià méiyǒu bù sàn de yánxí)
* 巹筵
* 愛筵／爱筵 (àiyán)
* 暖房筵
* 歌筵
* 法筵
* 淨筵／净筵
* 玳瑁筵
* 瓊筵／琼筵
* 瓜果筵
* 盛筵 (shèngyán)
* 盛筵必散
* 盛筵易散
* 盛筵難再／盛筵难再
* 筵宴 (yányàn)
* 筵席 (yánxí)
* 筵席稅／筵席税
* 筵會／筵会 (yánhuì)
* 素筵
* 經筵／经筵
* 經筵講官／经筵讲官
* 設席張筵／设席张筵
* 賓之初筵／宾之初筵
* 酒筵 (jiǔyán)
* 開筵／开筵
* 香筵
* 齋筵／斋筵

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 筵(えん) (en)

### References

* “筵”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: えん (en)
* Kan-on: えん (en)
* Kun: むしろ (mushiro, 筵)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 筵
* むしろ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 席 蓆 莚
⟨musiro$_2$⟩ → */musiɾə/ → /musiɾo/ → /muɕiɾo/
From Old Japanese. Attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.
Reconstructed as deriving from Proto-Japonic *mosirə.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) むしろ [mùshíróꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [mɯ̟ɕiɾo̞]

#### Noun

筵(むしろ) • (mushiro)
* [from 720] a generic term for a woven mat made out of soft rush, bamboo, straw, or cattail
** c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Wakamurasaki)
    「過(よぎ)りおはしましけるよし、ただ今(いま)なむ、人申(ひとまを)すに、おどろきながら、さぶらべきを、なにがしこの寺(てら)に籠(こ)もりはべりとは、しろしめしながら、忍(しの)びさせたまへるを、憂(うれ)はしく思(おも)ひたまへてなむ。草(くさ)の御(み)むしろも、この坊(まち)にこそ設(まう)けはべるべけれ。いと本意(ほい)なきこと」と申(まを)したまへり。
       “Yogiriohashimashikeruyoshi, tadaimanamu, hitomaosuni, odorokinagara, saburabekio, nanigashikonoteranikomorihaberitoha, shiroshimeshinagara, shinobisasetamaheruo, urehashikuomohitamahetenamu. Kusanomimushiromo, konomachinikosomaukehaberubekere. Itohoinakikoto” tomaoshitamaheri.
       (please add an English translation of this example)
* [from 1170] a seat; also used in public environments
* [from 1603] a bed
* (regional, Nagasaki, Kumamoto) a tatami mat

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 筵
* もしろ Hyōgai
* irregular
* Alternative spellings
* 席 蓆 莚
From non-central dialects of Old Japanese that haven't undergone the vowel rising <*o → u> for some reason.

#### Noun

筵(もしろ) • (moshiro)
* (dialectal, Tōhoku, Ishikawa, Izumo) Nonstandard form of むしろ (mushiro) above

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 筵
* えん Hyōgai
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 筵 (MC yen).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えん [éꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ẽ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

筵(えん) • (en)
* [unknown] a woven mat
* [from 1110] a seat; also used in public environments

### References

* ↑ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 724
* 1 2 “むしろ 【筵・蓆・席・莚】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

筵 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

筵: Hán Nôm readings: diên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.