# 中原
## Chinese

* 中原 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 中原 (Cantonese)
* 中原 (Classical)
* Tiong-goân (Tiong-kok) (Southern Min)
* 中原地区 (Wu)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): Zhōngyuán
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ ㄩㄢˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җунйүан (žunyüan, I-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^1$ jyun$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Chûng-ngièn / Chûng-ngiàn
* Eastern Min (BUC): Dṳ̆ng-nguòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Tiong-goân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dong$^1$ nguêng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngyuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Jhongyuán
*** Wade–Giles: Chung$^1$-yüan$^2$
*** Yale: Jūng-ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jongyuan
*** Palladius: Чжунъюань (Čžunʺjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җунйүан (žunyüan, I-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ yæ̃²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^1$ jyun$^4$
*** Yale: jūng yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^1$ jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^1$ yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chûng-ngièn
*** Hakka Romanization System: zung$^ˊ$ ngien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zung$^1$ ngian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chûng-ngiàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: zung$^ˊ$ ngian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zung$^1$ ngian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Dṳ̆ng-nguòng
*** Sinological IPA : /tyŋ⁵⁵ ŋuoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiong-goân
*** Tâi-lô: Tiong-guân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dionggoaan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³ ɡuan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dong$^1$ nguêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tong nguêng
*** Sinological IPA : /toŋ³³⁻²³ ŋueŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: trjuwng ngjwon
Rime :
| Character | 中 | 原 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 陟弓切 | 愚袁切 |
| Baxter | trjuwng | ngjwon |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈɨuŋ/ | /ŋʉɐn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈiuŋ/ | /ŋʷiɐn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiuŋ/ | /ŋiuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈuwŋ/ | /ŋuan/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶiuŋ/ | /ŋiuɐn/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭuŋ/ | /ŋĭwɐn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶi̯uŋ/ | /ŋi̯wɐn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhōng | yuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^1$ | jyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*truŋ N-ɢʷar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tuŋ ŋʷan/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 中 | 原 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhōng | yuán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trjuwng › | ‹ ngjwon › |
| Old Chinese | /*truŋ/ | /*N-ɢʷar/ |
| English | center | high plain (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 中 | 原 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17407 | 16186 |
| Phonetic component | 中 | 原 |
| Rime group | 終 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 中 | 元 |
| Old Chinese | /*tuŋ/ | /*ŋʷan/ |
| Notes | | 金文象泉源，爲源初文 |

### Proper noun

中原
* the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Ruò yǐ jūn zhī líng, dé fǎn Jìn guó, Jìn Chǔ zhì bīng, yù yú zhōngyuán, qí bì jūn sān shè. [Pinyin]
    If by your lordship's powerful influence I shall recover the State of Jin, should Chu and Jin go to war and meet in the plain of the Middle Land, I will withdraw from your lordship three stages [each of 30 li].
    From: 227, Zhuge Liang, 出師表
    Jīn nánfāng yǐ dìng, bīngjiǎ yǐ zú, dāng jiǎng shuài sānjūn, běi dìng Zhōngyuán. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* China
* (literary) middle of a plain
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zhōngyuán yǒu shū, shùmín cǎi zhī. [Pinyin]
    In the midst of the plain there is pulse, And the common people gather it.
* (～區) Zhongyuan (a district of Zhengzhou, Henan, China)
* (～街道) Zhongyuan (a subdistrict of Fancheng district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

#### Synonyms

* (the Central Plain): (archaic) 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó), 中土 (Zhōngtǔ), 中州 (Zhōngzhōu)
* (China):
* 中 (abbreviation)
* 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó)
* 中華／中华 (Zhōnghuá)
* 九州 (Jiǔzhōu) (literary)
* 唐山 (Tángshān)
* 域中 (yùzhōng) (literary, figurative)
* 天下 (tiānxià) (lofty)
* 天朝 (Tiāncháo) (historical or Internet slang)
* 契弟 (qìdì) (Internet slang, derogatory)
* 支那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete, now usually derogatory or offensive)
* 桃花石 (Táohuāshí) (obsolete)
* 猜拿 (Cāiná) (transliteration of English China)
* 神州 (Shénzhōu) (literary)
* 種花家／种花家 (Zhònghuājiā) (slang, humorous)
* 脂那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete)
* 至那 (Zhìnà) (obsolete)
* 華／华 (abbreviation)
* 華夏／华夏 (Huáxià)
* 諸夏／诸夏 (Zhūxià)
* 諸華／诸华 (Zhūhuá)
* 赤縣／赤县 (Chìxiàn) (literary)
* 赤縣神州／赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu) (literary)
* 震旦 (Zhèndàn) (archaic)

#### Derived terms

* 中原大戰／中原大战 (Zhōngyuán Dàzhàn)
* 中原官話／中原官话 (Zhōngyuán guānhuà)
* 中原板蕩／中原板荡
* 中原標準時間／中原标准时间
* 中原逐鹿
* 中原音韻／中原音韵 (Zhōngyuán Yīnyùn)
* 逐鹿中原 (zhúlùzhōngyuán)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)原(げん) (Chūgen)
* → Korean: 중원(中原) (Jung'won)
* → Vietnamese: Trung Nguyên (中原)
Others:
* → English: Central Plain, Zhongyuan
* → Zhuang: Cunghyenz

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 中 | 原 |
| なか Grade: 1 | はら Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||

### Proper noun

中(なか)原(はら) • (Nakahara)
* a surname

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 中 | 原 |

### Proper noun

中原 • (Jung'won) (hangeul 중원)
* hanja form of 중원