# 他人
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tārén
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄚ ㄖㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taa$^1$ jan$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thaⁿ-lîn / thaⁿ-jîn / tha-lîn / tha-jîn / tháⁿ-jîn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ta$^1$ nang$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tārén
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄚ ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tarén
*** Wade–Giles: tʻa$^1$-jên$^2$
*** Yale: tā-rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taren
*** Palladius: тажэнь (tažɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taa$^1$ jan$^4$
*** Yale: tā yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taa$^1$ jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ta$^1$ yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thaⁿ-lîn
*** Tâi-lô: thann-lîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tvaliin
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰã⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰã³³ lin²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰã⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thaⁿ-jîn
*** Tâi-lô: thann-jîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tvajiin
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰã⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zin¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰã⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tha-lîn
*** Tâi-lô: tha-lîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: taliin
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰa⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰa³³ lin²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tha-jîn
*** Tâi-lô: tha-jîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tajiin
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰa⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zin¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰa⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tháⁿ-jîn
*** Tâi-lô: thánn-jîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tvafjiin
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zin²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ta$^1$ nang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tha nâng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰa³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tha nyin
Rime :
| Character | 他 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 託何切 | 如鄰切 |
| Baxter | tha | nyin |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰɑ/ | /ȵiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰɑ/ | /ȵin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɑ/ | /ȵʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰa/ | /ȵin/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰɑ/ | /ȵiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰɑ/ | /ȵʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tʰɑ/ | /ȵʑi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tuō | rén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | to$^1$ | jan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤaj ni[ŋ]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰaːl njin/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 他 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tā | rén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tha › | ‹ nyin › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ˁaj/ (E dialect: *l̥ˁ- > MC th-) | /*ni[ŋ]/ |
| English | another | (other) person |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 他 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14765 | 10800 |
| Phonetic component | 也 | 人 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 佗 | 仁 |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ʰaːl/ | /*njin/ |
| Notes | 俗與佗通用 | |

### Noun

他人
* another person; other people; others
    尊重他人 ― zūnzhòng tārén ― to respect others
    主使他人打架 ― zhǔshǐ tārén dǎjià ― to incite others to fight

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 別人, 他人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 人家, 別人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 人家, 別人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 人家 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 別人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 人家, 別人 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 人家, 別人, 旁人 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 人家, 別人, 旁人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 人家, 別人, 旁人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 人家 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong (Ronghe) | 人家 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 人家, 伢, 旁人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 家 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 別, 別家 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 人家 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 人家, 旁人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 人家, 別個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 人家, 別個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 人家, 別個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 人家 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 人家, 別人家, 別人 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 人家, 旁人, 別人 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 人家 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 人家, 旁人 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 人哋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 人哋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 人囉 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 人哋 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 人哋 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 偌, 人偌 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 人哋 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 俼 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 人哋 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 人哋, 人家 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 人家 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 人哋 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 人哋 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 人哋 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 人哋 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 人哋 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 第個 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 人哋 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 人家, 別個, 別人 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 人家 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 人家, 別個, 別人, 別人家 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 別人, 別人家, 人家 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 人家, 別人家, 別儕 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 人家 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 別人 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 別人 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 別儕 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 別人 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 人家 |
| Hakka | Changting | 人家 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 人家 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 人家 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 人家, 別佬儕 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 人家 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 人家 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 人家 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 人家 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 別佬人 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 別人, 別儕 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 別人, 別儕 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 別人, 別儕 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 別儕, 別人 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 別人, 別儕 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 別儕 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 人家 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 別人家 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 人家, 別人家, 別個 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 伢, 人家, 旁人 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 伢, 人家 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 別人, 兀人 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 伊儂, 別儂 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 伊儂, 別儂 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 別儂 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 別儂 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 儂阿眾 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 別儂 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 別人 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 人哋, 人屋 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 別人家, 人家, 別人, 旁人 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 別人家 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 人家, 別人家, 別人 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 別人家 |
| Wu | Danyang | 人家 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 人家, 別人家 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 別儂 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 別浪, 別人, 別個, 別人堂 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 別儂 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 別個, 人家 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 別個 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 人家, 別個, 別家 |

#### Derived terms

* 慷他人之慨 (kāng tārén zhī kǎi)
* 長他人志氣，滅自己威風／长他人志气，灭自己威风 (zhǎng tārén zhìqì, miè zìjǐ wēifēng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 他(た)人(にん) (tanin)
* → Korean: 타인(他人) (tain)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 他 | 人 |
| た Grade: 3 | にん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ta̠ɲ̟ĩɴ]

### Noun

他(た)人(にん) • (tanin)
* other people
* stranger

#### Derived terms

* 赤(あか)の他人(たにん) (aka no tanin)

#### Related terms

* 他人事(ひとごと) (hitogoto), 他人事(たにんごと) (taningoto)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 他 | 人 |

### Noun

他人 • (tain) (hangeul 타인)
* hanja form of 타인 (“another person; other people”)