# 垸

| 垸 | U+57B8, &#22456; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57B8 |
| ← 垷 [U+57B7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 垹 → [U+57B9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

垸 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 土十一山 (GJMU), four-corner 4311$_1$, composition ⿰土完)
* a dike, embankment

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 229, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5090
* Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 40
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 447, character 3
* Unihan data for U+57B8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 冠 | *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns |
| 莞 | *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 脘 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 筦 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 梡 | *ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 岏 | *ŋoːn |
| 刓 | *ŋoːn |
| 园 | *ŋoːn |
| 忨 | *ŋoːn, *ŋoːns |
| 蚖 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 黿 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 抏 | *ŋoːn |
| 玩 | *ŋoːns |
| 貦 | *ŋoːns |
| 翫 | *ŋoːns |
| 妧 | *ŋoːns |
| 完 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 捖 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 垸 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns |
| 綄 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 院 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons |
| 皖 | *ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 晥 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 浣 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 頑 | *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn |
| 睆 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 鯇 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 元 | *ŋon |
| 沅 | *ŋon |
| 芫 | *ŋon |
| 杬 | *ŋon |
| 邧 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 阮 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 俒 | *ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 完 (OC *ɦŋoːn).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuàn, huán (yuan$^4$, huan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˋ, ㄏㄨㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^4$ / jyun$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuàn
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^4$
*** Yale: ywàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuann
*** Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huán
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huán
*** Wade–Giles: huan$^2$
*** Yale: hwán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwan
*** Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯än³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^4$ / jyun$^6$
*** Yale: yùhn / yuhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^4$ / jyn$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^4$ / yun$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²¹/, /jyːn²²/

#### Definitions

垸
* dike; embankment (used with reference to dikes on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River)

#### Compounds

* 三合垸 (Sānhéyuàn)
* 三家垸 (Sānjiāyuàn)
* 久合垸 (Jiǔhéyuàn)
* 土城垸 (Tǔchéngyuàn)
* 均垸 (Jūnyuàn)
* 垸子
* 大垸 (Dàyuàn)
* 王垸 (Wángyuàn)
* 陳垸／陈垸 (Chényuàn)
* 黎家垸 (Líjiāyuàn)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huán, huàn (huan$^2$, huan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˊ, ㄏㄨㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wun$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huán
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huán
*** Wade–Giles: huan$^2$
*** Yale: hwán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwan
*** Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯än³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huàn
*** Wade–Giles: huan$^4$
*** Yale: hwàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huann
*** Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯än⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wun$^6$
*** Yale: wuhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wun$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wun$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuːn²²/
* Middle Chinese: hwan, hwanH
Rime :
| Character | 垸 | 垸 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 胡官切 | 胡玩切 |
| Baxter | hwan | hwanH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuɑn/ | /ɦuɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷɑn/ | /ɦʷɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɑn/ | /ɣuɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwan/ | /ɦwan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɑn/ | /ɣuɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuɑn/ | /ɣuɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣuɑn/ | /ɣuɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huán | huàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wun$^4$ | wun$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɦŋoːn/, /*ɦŋoːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 垸 | 垸 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 16128 | 16137 |
| Phonetic component | 元 | 元 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 桓 | 換 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɦŋoːn/ | /*ɦŋoːns/ |

#### Definitions

垸
* to smear with varnishes and ashes

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 垸 – see 鍰 (“unit of weight equivalent to six liang; metal coins; money”). (This character is an ancient form of 鍰).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かん (kan)、がん (gan)
* Kun: まろぶ (marobu)

## Korean
### Hanja

垸 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.