OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ಕಾಯ್ದೆ
## Kannada
### Alternative forms

* ಕಾಯದೆ (kāyade), ಕಾಯಿದೆ (kāyide)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian قاعده (qā'ida), from Arabic قَاعِدَة (qāʕida). Related to ಕವಾಯತು (kavāyatu).

### Noun

ಕಾಯ್ದೆ • (kāyde) n
* law, rule, regulation

#### Declension

| Case/Form | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | ಕಾಯ್ದೆಯು (kāydeyu) | ಕಾಯ್ದೆಗಳು (kāydegaḷu) |
| Accusative | ಕಾಯ್ದೆಯನ್ನು (kāydeyannu) | ಕಾಯ್ದೆಗಳನ್ನು (kāydegaḷannu) |
| Instrumental | ಕಾಯ್ದೆಯಿಂದ (kāydeyinda) | ಕಾಯ್ದೆಗಳಿಂದ (kāydegaḷinda) |
| Dative | ಕಾಯ್ದೆಗೆ (kāydege) | ಕಾಯ್ದೆಗಳಿಗೆ (kāydegaḷige) |
| Genitive | ಕಾಯ್ದೆಯ (kāydeya) | ಕಾಯ್ದೆಗಳ (kāydegaḷa) |

### References

* V. Krishna (2019) “ಕಾಯದೆ”, in “Alar” V. Krishna's Kannada → English dictionary, Zerodha
* Kittel, Ferdinand (1894) “ಕಾಯದೆ”, in Kittel's Kannada-English dictionary, Madras: University of Madras, published 1968-1971, page 432
* Učida, Norihiko, Rajapurohit, B. B. (2013) “ಕಾಯದೆ”, in Kannada-English Etymological Dictionary, 3-11-1, Asahi-chō, Fuchū-shi, 183-8534, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, →ISBN, page 232, column 2.
# ಕಾಫಿ
## Kannada
### Noun

ಕಾಫಿ • (kāphi)
* coffee
# ಹೆಸರಿಸು
## Kannada
### Etymology

From ಹೆಸರು (hesaru, “name”) +‎ -ಸು (-su).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hesɐɾisu/

### Verb

ಹೆಸರಿಸು • (hesarisu)
* To name
    ಈ ಸುದ್ದಿಹಾಳೆಯು ನೀನೋದಿದ ಗ್ರಂಥವನ್ನು ಈ ವರ್ಷದ ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತು ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಗಿ ಒಳ್ಳೆಯ ಕಾದಂಬರಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ಎಂದು ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದೆ.ī suddihāḷeyu nīnōdida granthavannu ī varṣada ippattu heccāgi oḷḷeya kādambarigaḷalli ondu endu hesariside.This newspaper has named the book that you read one of the twenty best novels of the year.

#### Conjugation

| adverbial participles | adverbial participles | adjectival participles | adjectival participles | other nonfinite forms | other nonfinite forms | volitive forms | volitive forms | volitive forms | volitive forms |
| present adverbial participle | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುತ್ತ | nonpast adjectival participle | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುವ | infinitive | ಹೆಸರಿಸುಲು (hesarisulu) | imperative singular | ಹೆಸರಿಸುು | suihortative form | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುವೆ |
| past adverbial participle | ಹೆಸರಿಸ (hesarisa) | past adjectival participle | ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದ (hesarisida) | dative infinitive | ಹೆಸರಿಸುಲಿಕ್ಕೆ (hesarisulikke) | imperative plural | ಹೆಸರಿಸುಿರಿ | cohortative form I | ಹೆಸರಿಸುೋಣ |
| negative adverbial participle | ಹೆಸರಿಸುದೆ (hesarisude) | negative adjectival participle | ಹೆಸರಿಸುದ (hesarisuda) | conditional form | ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದರೆ (hesarisidare) | optative | ಹೆಸರಿಸುಲಿ (hesarisuli) | cohortative form II | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುವಾ |
| tense/modality | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | plural | plural | plural |
| tense/modality | first | second | third masculine | third feminine | third neuter | first | second | third epicene | third neuter |
| tense/modality | ನಾನು | ನೀನು | ಅವನು | ಅವಳು | ಅದು | ನಾವು | ನೀವು | ಅವರು | ಅವು |
| present (nonpast) | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುತ್ತೇನೆ | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುತ್ತೀಯೆ ಹೆಸರಿಸುುತ್ತೀ | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುತ್ತಾನೆ | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುತ್ತಾಳೆ | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುತ್ತದೆ | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುತ್ತೇವೆ | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುತ್ತೀರಿ | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುತ್ತಾರೆ | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುತ್ತವೆ |
| past | ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದೆನು (hesarisidenu) ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದೆ (hesariside) | ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದೆ (hesariside) ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದಿ (hesarisidi) | ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದನು (hesarisidanu) ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದ (hesarisida) | ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದಳು (hesarisidaḷu) | ಹೆಸರಿಸತು (hesarisatu) | ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದೆವು (hesarisidevu) | ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದಿರಿ (hesarisidiri) | ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದರು (hesarisidaru) | ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದುವು (hesarisiduvu) |
| future | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುವೆನು ಹೆಸರಿಸುುವೆ | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುವೆ ಹೆಸರಿಸುುವಿ | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುವನು ಹೆಸರಿಸುುವ | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುವಳು | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುವುದು | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುವೆವು | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುವಿರಿ | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುವರು | ಹೆಸರಿಸುುವುವು |
| negative | ಹೆಸರಿಸುೆನು | ಹೆಸರಿಸುೆ | ಹೆಸರಿಸುನು (hesarisunu) | ಹೆಸರಿಸುಳು (hesarisuḷu) | ಹೆಸರಿಸುದು (hesarisudu) | ಹೆಸರಿಸುೆವು | ಹೆಸರಿಸುರಿ (hesarisuri) | ಹೆಸರಿಸುರು (hesarisuru) | ಹೆಸರಿಸುವು (hesarisuvu) |
| contingent | ಹೆಸರಿಸಯೇನು (hesarisayēnu) | ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದೀಯೆ (hesarisidīye) | ಹೆಸರಿಸುಿಯಾನು | ಹೆಸರಿಸುಿಯಾಳು | ಹೆಸರಿಸುೀತು | ಹೆಸರಿಸುಿಯೇವು | ಹೆಸರಿಸುೀರಿ | ಹೆಸರಿಸುಿಯಾರು | ಹೆಸರಿಸುಿಯಾವು |
# reuniu
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [rə.uˈniw]
* IPA: (Valencia) [re.uˈniw]
* Rhymes: -iw

### Verb

reuniu
* inflection of reunir:
** second-person plural present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person plural imperative

## Galician
### Verb

reuniu
* third-person singular preterite indicative of reunir

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁe.uˈniw/ [he.uˈniʊ̯], /ʁewˈniw/ [heʊ̯ˈniʊ̯]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁe.uˈniw/ [he.uˈniʊ̯], /ʁewˈniw/ [heʊ̯ˈniʊ̯]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ʁe.uˈniw/ [χe.uˈniʊ̯], /ʁewˈniw/ [χeʊ̯ˈniʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʁjuˈniw/
* Rhymes: -iw
* Hyphenation: re‧u‧niu

### Verb

reuniu
* third-person singular preterite indicative of reunir
# reuniuntur
## Latin
### Verb

reūniuntur
* third-person plural present passive indicative of reūniō
# cinntiúchán
## Irish
### Etymology

From cinntiú +‎ -achán.

### Noun

cinntiúchán m (genitive singular cinntiúcháin, nominative plural cinntiúcháin)
* determination
* ascertainment
    Synonym: cinneadh

#### Declension

First declension

#### Derived terms

* féinchinntiúchán
# cinntithe
## Irish
### Verb

cinntithe
* past participle of cinntigh

#### Derived terms

* cinntitheach
* neamhchinntithe

### Noun

cinntithe m
* genitive singular of cinntiú
# алегориите
## Bulgarian
### Noun

алего́риите • (alegóriite)
* definite plural of алего́рия (alegórija)
# алегория
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin allēgoria, from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓λληγορῐ́ᾱ (allēgoríā). An internationalism with numerous cognates, such as French allégorie, Spanish alegoría, Finnish allegoria, Russian аллего́рия (allegórija), and Serbo-Croatian alegorija. See allegoria for all other Latin descendants.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐlɛˈɡɔrijɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

алего́рия • (alegórija) f
* allegory
# алегорията
## Bulgarian
### Noun

алего́рията • (alegórijata)
* definite singular of алего́рия (alegórija)
# алегоричан
## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aleɡǒrit͡ʃan/
* Hyphenation: а‧ле‧го‧ри‧чан

### Adjective

алего̀ричан (Latin spelling alegòričan, definite алего̀ричнӣ)
* allegorical
# агитаторките
## Bulgarian
### Noun

агита́торките • (agitátorkite)
* definite plural of агита́торка (agitátorka)
# retárom
## Galician
### Verb

retárom
* (reintegrationist norm) third-person plural preterite indicative of retar
# retrospiciendis
## Latin
### Participle

retrōspiciendīs
* dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of retrōspiciendus
# cigaresque
## English
### Etymology

From cigar +‎ -esque.

### Adjective

cigaresque (comparative more cigaresque, superlative most cigaresque)
* Characteristic of cigars
** 1969, Saturday Night, volume 84, page 46:We smoke it for prestige. There are two kinds of cigaresque prestige. First, the prestige of opulence, which attends the smoking of hand-made cigars imported from Cuba or Jamaica.
# విశ్వవిద్యాలయం
## Telugu
### Noun

విశ్వవిద్యాలయం • (viśvavidyālayaṁ) ? (plural విశ్వవిద్యాలయాలు)
* Alternative form of విశ్వవిద్యాలయము (viśvavidyālayamu)
# విశ్వరూపం
## Telugu
### Noun

విశ్వరూపం • (viśvarūpaṁ) ? (plural విశ్వరూపాలు)
* Alternative form of విశ్వరూపము (viśvarūpamu)
# retribueratis
## Latin
### Verb

retribuerātis
* second-person plural pluperfect active indicative of retribuō
# retribuerant
## Latin
### Verb

retribuerant
* third-person plural pluperfect active indicative of retribuō
# cigban
## Nupe
### Etymology

Proposed to have derived from Proto-Nupoid *ɔ́ʧĩ́. Cognates include Asu tugbã̀, Kakanda tsugbɔ, Dibo tsigbã̀ and Gbari cimwa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃī.ɡ͡bã̀/

### Noun

cigbàn (plural cigbànzhì)
* tree
# cigaþ
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkiː.jɑθ/

### Verb

cīġaþ
* inflection of cīġan:
** plural present indicative
** plural imperative
# circonfixe
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /siʁ.kɔ̃.fiks/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

circonfixe m (plural circonfixes)
* circumfix (affix with both a prefixing and suffixing part)
# circonflessi
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃir.konˈflɛs.si/
* Rhymes: -ɛssi
* Hyphenation: cir‧con‧flès‧si

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

circonflessi
* first-person singular past historic of circonflettere

### Etymology 2
#### Participle

circonflessi m pl
* masculine plural of circonflesso
# альбатросах
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐlʲbɐˈtrosəx]

### Noun

альбатро́сах • (alʹbatrósax) m anim pl
* prepositional plural of альбатро́с (alʹbatrós)
# ciclônicos
## Portuguese
### Adjective

ciclônicos
* masculine plural of ciclônico
# cico
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From German Zitze, Polish cyc, Yiddish ציצע (tsitse), and Russian сосо́к (sosók).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sit͡so]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -it͡so
* Hyphenation: ci‧co

### Noun

cico (accusative singular cicon, plural cicoj, accusative plural cicojn)
* (anatomy) nipple
    Synonym: mampinto
** 2008, Vlaamse Esperantobond, Spitaj - kiel hidrargo‎:[...] jen ankaŭ cico, aŭ fulmas la fulgo de vulvo, ekbrule brilas pubovilo.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2010, Jorge Camacho, Beletra Almanako 8‎:Per mensa streĉo li fine devigis sin movi la okulojn supren de la admirinda umbiliko al la oblonga bruna cico kun larĝa areolo, kaj per plia streĉo - al la verda ridanta okulo.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2013, Jorge Camacho, En La Profundo‎:La mondon Tejdo kronas, preter la nuboj, majesta kiel cico!(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* cicumo (“rubber nipple, as on a baby bottle”)

## Romanian
### Etymology

From citrice +‎ cola.

### Noun

cico n (uncountable)
* soft drink
# reunuigxoj
## Esperanto
### Noun

reunuigxoj
* X-system spelling of reunuiĝoj
# reunpacked
## English
### Verb

reunpacked
* simple past and past participle of reunpack
# reunpacks
## English
### Verb

reunpacks
* third-person singular simple present indicative of reunpack
# reunuigho
## Esperanto
### Noun

reunuigho (accusative singular reunuighon, plural reunuighoj, accusative plural reunuighojn)
* H-system spelling of reunuiĝo
# амфетамина
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐm⁽ʲ⁾fʲɪtɐˈmʲinə]

### Noun

амфетами́на • (amfetamína) m inan
* genitive singular of амфетами́н (amfetamín)
# амучэ чайламэлэк
## Northern Yukaghir
### Interjection

амучэ чайламэлэк (amuțe țajlamelek)
* good day

#### Related terms

* амучэ идьигойгирлэк (amuțe id̦igojgirlek)
* амучэ авийааҕэрлек (amuțe awijaaherlek)

### References

* Atlasov, Je. I., Kurilov, G. N. (1992) “Добрый день!”, in Русско-юкагирский Разговорник [Russian-Yukaghir Phrasebook], Yakutsk
# ciosałyście
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (prescriptive) /t͡ɕɔˈsawɘɕt͡ɕɛ/, (colloquial) /t͡ɕɔsaˈwɘɕt͡ɕɛ/
* Rhymes: -awɘɕt͡ɕɛ, -ɘɕt͡ɕɛ
* Syllabification: cio‧sa‧łyś‧cie

### Verb

ciosałyście
* second-person plural nonvirile past of ciosać
# cioseł
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ɕɔsɛw/
* Rhymes: -ɔsɛw
* Syllabification: cio‧seł

### Noun

cioseł
* genitive plural of ciosła

### Anagrams

* łosice, słocie
# ciosg
## Welsh
### Etymology

Borrowed from English kiosk.

### Noun

ciosg m or f (plural ciosgau)
* A kiosk.
# ಠ⌣ಠ
## Translingual
### Etymology

Created using the Kannada letter ಠ (ṭha) to represent an eye with eyebrow and the symbol ⌣ (“smile”) to represent a furrowed brow and a smiling mouth.

### Symbol

ಠ⌣ಠ
* An emoticon representing a face with a devious smile or a happy look of disapproval.

#### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ಠ⌣ಠ.
# ładowarko
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /wadɔˈvarkɔ/
* Rhymes: -arkɔ
* Syllabification: ła‧do‧war‧ko

### Noun

ładowarko
* vocative singular of ładowarka
# پینڈو
## Punjabi
### Alternative forms

* پِنڈُو (pinḍū)

### Etymology

From پِنْڈ (pinḍ, “village”) +‎ ـُو (-ū, “diminutive adjective”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /peːɳˑ.ɖuː/
* Rhymes: -uː

### Adjective

پینْڈُو • (penḍū) (indeclinable, Gurmukhi spelling ਪੇਂਡੂ)
* (derogatory) yokel; rural

### Noun

پینْڈُو • (penḍū) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਪੇਂਡੂ)
* (derogatory) yokel; rural

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “پینڈو”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
* “ਪੇਂਡੂ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
# ĝinzojn
## Esperanto
### Noun

ĝinzojn
* accusative plural of ĝinzo
# rasistom
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raˈɕistɔm/
* Rhymes: -istɔm
* Syllabification: ra‧sis‧tom

### Noun

rasistom
* dative plural of rasista
# rasistowskich
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raɕisˈtɔfskix/
* Rhymes: -ɔfskix
* Syllabification: ra‧sis‧tow‧skich

### Adjective

rasistowskich
* inflection of rasistowski:
** genitive plural
** virile accusative plural
** locative plural
# bódít
## Hungarian
### Etymology

First attested in c. 1493. From an otherwise unattested stem + -ít.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈboːdiːt]
* Hyphenation: bó‧dít
* Rhymes: -iːt

### Verb

bódít
* (transitive) to daze, overpower

#### Derived terms

* bódítás
* bódító
(With verbal prefixes):
* elbódít

#### Related terms

* bódul

### References

* ↑ bódít in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* bódít in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* bódít in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
# şantöz
## Turkish
### Etymology

From French chanteuse.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃɑn.tøz/

### Noun

şantöz (definite accusative şantözü, plural şantözler)
* (female) singer

#### Related terms

* şantör
# şantözler
## Turkish
### Noun

şantözler
* nominative plural of şantöz
# Śniegoń
## Polish
### Etymology

From śnieg +‎ -oń.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɕɲɛɡɔɲ/
* Rhymes: -ɛɡɔɲ
* Syllabification: Śnie‧goń

### Proper noun

Śniegoń m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Śniegoń f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

### Further reading

* “Śniegoń”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022
# īslandiskākiem
## Latvian
### Adjective

īslandiskākiem
* dative/instrumental plural masculine of īslandiskāks
# rastlantı
## Turkish
### Etymology

From rastlamak +‎ -n +‎ -tı.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾɑs(t)ɫɑnˈtɯ/
* Rhymes: -tɯ

### Noun

rastlantı (definite accusative rastlantıyı, plural rastlantılar)
* coincidence
    Synonym: tesadüf
# rastlaus
## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From rast +‎ -laus. Compare Swedish rastlös, Dutch rusteloos and English restless.

### Adjective

rastlaus (neuter singular rastlaust, definite singular and plural rastlause)
* restless (unable to be still or quiet)

### See also

* rastløyse
* rasa i feigden

### References

* “rastlaus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
# rampion
## English
### Etymology

Ultimately from Medieval Latin rapuntium from Latin rapunculus, diminutive of rapum (“turnip”)

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈɹæmpɪən/

### Noun

rampion (countable and uncountable, plural rampions)
* A species of bellflower with roots and leaves formerly used in salads, Campanula rapunculus.
** 1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 254:Rampion grown in the cottage garden made the children of the house quarrelsome; breathing deeply into a handful of mint refreshed your senses, but aconite could cause your death.
* Any of several flowering plants of the genus Phyteuma, within the family Campanulaceae.
# rapidographs
## English
### Noun

rapidographs
* plural of rapidograph
# bùliǎo
## Mandarin
### Romanization

bùliǎo (Zhuyin ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄠˇ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 不了
# کاهربا
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʰɒːhɾoˈbɒː]

### Noun

کاهربا • (kâhrobâ)
* Alternative form of کهربا
# چورو
## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /t͡ʃoː.ɾoː/

### Noun

چورو • (coro) m (Hindi spelling चोरो)
* vocative plural of چور (cor, “thief”)
# چوروك
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* چورك (çürük)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *čirik (“rotten”), a development of *čẹr (“rot; disease”), whence چورومك (çürümek, “to rot, to decay”). Cognate with Azerbaijani çürük, Bashkir серек (serek), Kazakh шірік (şırık), Kyrgyz чирик (cirik), Southern Altai чирик (čirik), Tatar черек (çerek), Uyghur چىرىك (chirik) and Uzbek chirik.

### Adjective

چوروك • (çürük)
* rotten, spoilt, sare, frush, decayed, no longer usable or edible
    Synonym: بوزوق (bozuk)
* unsound, defective, faulty, presenting one or more defects or faults
* bruised, discoloured, ecchymosed, covered with bruises or ecchymosis
* (of a soldier) invalided and discharged for being unfit for active duty
* (of money) irrecoverable, sunk, incapable of being recovered

#### Derived terms

* ایپ چوروك (ip çürük, “one who cannot be depended on”)
* چوروك سوز (çürük söz, “worthless word”)
* چوروك چیقمق (çürük çıkmak, “to turn out rotten”)
* چوروكلك (çürüklük, “rottenness”)
* چوروكه چیقارمق (çürüğe çıkarmak, “to discharge an invalid soldier”)
* چوروكه چیقمق (çürüğe çıkmak, “to be discharged as invalided”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: çürük
* → Arabic:
    Egypt: شُرُك (šuruk, “phony; unfit”)
    Iraq: شُرُك (šuruk, “rotten, bad”)
    Syria: شُرُك (šuruk, “damaged”)
* → Armenian: չիւրիւկ (čʻiwriwk), չուռուկ (čʻuṙuk), չուրուկ (čʻuruk)
* → Bulgarian: чуру́к (čurúk)
* → Georgian: ჩურუქი (čuruki), ჩურუქა (čuruka)
* → Laz: ჩურუღი (çuruği), ჭურუღი (ç̌uruği) — only for the proper noun, Vizha
* → Pontic Greek: τσουρούκης (tsouroúkis)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: чу̀рук
    Latin script: čùruk

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “çürük2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1063
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “چورك”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 190b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “چوروك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 478
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Putridus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1413
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “چورك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, columns 1675-1676
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “çürük”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “چوروك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 735
# Świergal
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* Świergał, Świrgał, Świrgal (surname)

### Etymology

From świrgać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɕfjɛrɡal/
* Rhymes: -ɛrɡal
* Syllabification: Świer‧gal

### Proper noun

Świergal m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Świergal f (indeclinable)
* a female surname
# يشاهروا
## Arabic
### Verb

يشاهروا (form III)
* يُشَاهِرُوا (yušāhirū) /ju.ʃaː.hi.ruː/: third-person masculine plural non-past active subjunctive/jussive of شَاهَرَ (šāhara)
* يُشَاهَرُوا (yušāharū) /ju.ʃaː.ha.ruː/: third-person masculine plural non-past passive subjunctive/jussive of شَاهَرَ (šāhara)
# Ścięgaj
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɕt͡ɕɛŋɡaj/
* Rhymes: -ɛŋɡaj
* Syllabification: Ścię‧gaj

### Proper noun

Ścięgaj m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Ścięgaj f (indeclinable)
* a female surname
# ratihabuimus
## Latin
### Verb

ratihabuimus
* first-person plural perfect active indicative of ratihabeō
# ratihabuerunt
## Latin
### Verb

ratihabuērunt
* third-person plural perfect active indicative of ratihabeō
# rateiam
## Portuguese
### Verb

rateiam
* third-person plural present indicative of ratear
# Štefanje
## English
### Proper noun

Štefanje
* A municipality of Croatia.
# rasurarlos
## Spanish
### Verb

rasurarlos
* infinitive of rasurar combined with los
# šoferis
## Lithuanian
### Noun

šòferis m (plural šòferiai, feminine šòferė) stress pattern 1
* chauffeur
    Hypernym: vairuotojas

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “šoferis”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024
# šoférka
## Slovak
### Etymology

From šofér +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃɔfeːrka]

### Noun

šoférka f (male equivalent šofér)
* a female driver, one who drives a car, a streetcar or a bus (not just a chauffeur but any such driver)

### Further reading

* “šoférka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
# šauros
## Latvian
### Adjective

šauros
* locative plural masculine of šaurs

### Adjective

šauros
* accusative plural masculine of šaurs
# šaurā
## Latvian
### Adjective

šaurā
* locative singular masculine/feminine of šaurs

### Adjective

šaurā
* inflection of šaurais:
** genitive singular masculine
** nominative/vocative singular feminine
# šauru
## Latvian
### Adjective

šauru
* inflection of šaurs:
** accusative/instrumental singular masculine/feminine
** genitive plural masculine/feminine
# کرتوب
## Turkmen
### Noun

کرتوب (kertop) (definite accusative کرتوبی, plural کرتوبلر)
* Arabic spelling of kertop (“potato”)
# ransoneras
## Swedish
### Verb

ransoneras
* passive infinitive of ransonera
* present passive of ransonera
# rauð
## Old Norse
### Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

### Verb

rauð
* first/third-person singular indicative past of rjóða
# کڑا
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit कुड (kuḍa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʊ.ɽɑː/
* Rhymes: -ɑː

### Noun

کُڑا • (kuṛā) m (feminine کُڑی, Gurmukhi spelling ਕੁੜਾ)
* (informal) boy; lad
    Synonym: مُنْڈا (munḍā)

#### Declension
### References

* “کڑا”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024

## Urdu
### Etymology

From Sanskrit कर्कर (karkará).

### Adjective

کڑا • (kaṛā) (Hindi spelling कड़ा)
* hard
* stiff
* tough
* difficult
* firm
* rigid
* strict
* inflexible

#### Derived terms

* کڑا کرنا (kaṛā karnā)
* کڑا پڑنا (kaṛā paṛnā)

#### Related terms

* کڑائی (kaṛāī)

### Noun

کڑا • (kaṛā) m (Hindi spelling कड़ा)
* bangle
* bracelet
* anklet
* ring

#### Related terms

* کڑی (kaṛī)

### References

* Platts, John T. (1884) “کڑا”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
# šmaukušajā
## Latvian
### Participle

šmaukušajā
* locative singular masculine/feminine of šmaukušais
# šmaukušam
## Latvian
### Participle

šmaukušam
* dative singular masculine of šmaucis
# šmaukušiem
## Latvian
### Participle

šmaukušiem
* dative/instrumental plural masculine of šmaucis
# šmaukušajos
## Latvian
### Participle

šmaukušajos
* locative plural masculine of šmaukušais
# šmaukušajām
## Latvian
### Participle

šmaukušajām
* dative/instrumental plural feminine of šmaukušais
# šokančiajame
## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃoːkɐnʲtʲʃʲɛjɛmʲɛ]

### Participle

šókančiajame m
* pronominal locative masculine singular of šokantis
# šokančiam
## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃoːkɐnʲtʲʃʲɛm]

### Participle

šókančiam m
* dative masculine singular of šokantis
# ŝokiĝontan
## Esperanto
### Adjective

ŝokiĝontan
* accusative singular future active participle of ŝokiĝi
# ŝokiĝonte
## Esperanto
### Adverb

ŝokiĝonte
* future adverbial active participle of ŝokiĝi
# rasguñaste
## Spanish
### Verb

rasguñaste
* second-person singular preterite indicative of rasguñar