# ᄀᆞᆲ다
## Middle Korean
### Etymology

From earlier *kòlpó-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʌ̌lβ.tá/, [kʌ̌ɾp̚.t͈á]

### Verb

ᄀᆞᆲ〯다〮 (kǒlptá) (infinitive ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅡ〮 (kòlWá), sequential ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮니〮 (kòlWóní), phonemic spelling ᄀᆞᇕ다)
* (transitive) to equal; to make parallel
** 1459, 月印釋譜 / 월인석보 [Worin seokbo], pages 21:I:78a–b:業(ᅌᅥᆸ〮)力(륵〮)이〮 甚(씸〮)히〮 커〮 能(느ᇰ)히〮 須(슈)彌(미)ᄅᆞᆯ〮 ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮며〮 能(느ᇰ)히〮 바ᄅᆞᆯ〮 두고〮 기프〮며〮NGÉP.LÚK-í SSÍM-hí khé NÙNG-hí SYÙ.MÌ-lól kòlWómyé NÙNG-hí pàlól twùkwó kìphúmyéThe power of cause and effect is so great that it easily equals Mount Sumeru [in height] and the Great Ocean in depth.
** 1481, “王兵馬使二角鷹 / 왕병마사이각응”, in 分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해 [Bullyu Dugongbu Si Eonhae], page 17:11b:一生애〮 제 獵호〮ᄆᆞᆯ ᄀᆞᆯ오〮리 업〯소ᄆᆞᆯ〮 아〯노니〮IL.SOYNG-áy cèy LYEP-hwóm-òl kòlwól-ì ěpswòm-ól ǎnwòníAll its life it [the hawk] has known none that matches it in hunting.
* (intransitive) to be equal; to be parallel
** 1481, “貽華陽柳少府 / 이화양유소부”, in 分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해 [Bullyu Dugongbu Si Eonhae], page 19:37b:石堂ㅅ 아래〮 ᄀᆞᆯ와〮 안자〮 큰〮 ᄀᆞᄅᆞᆷ〮 므〮릐 ᄃᆞ로〮ᄆᆞᆯ 구버〮 보〯라SYEK.TANG-s àláy kòlwá àncá khún kòlóm múl-ùy tòlwóm-òl kwùpé pwǒlà[We] sat side by side in the chamber by the rock and looked down upon the large river as it rushed by.
** 1496, 육조법보단경언해 / 六祖法寶壇經諺解 [Korean Translation of the Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch], volume 1, page 59a:내 모〮미〮 부텨와〮 ᄀᆞᆯ오〮리라〮này mwóm-í Pwùthyè-Gwá kòlwólìlámy body shall be equal to that of the Buddha

#### Conjugation

Selected conjugations of ᄀᆞᆲ〯다〮 (kǒlptá), Accentual class R! :
| Note that the majority of the forms below are unattested for any one verb. Orthography and pitch accent assignment can vary between sources. ||||||
| Selected plain sentence-final forms ||||||
| | Declarative | Interrogative | Interrogative | Interrogative | Modulated declarative |
| | Declarative | Polar question | Wh-word question | Second-person subject | Modulated declarative |
| Past | ᄀᆞᆲ〯다〮 (kǒlptá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮니라〮 (kòlWónìlá) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆫ〮가〮 (kòlWónká) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮녀〮 (kòlWónyé) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆫ〮고〮 (kòlWónkwó) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮뇨〮 (kòlWónyó) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆫ〮다〮 (kòlWóntá) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮라〮 (kòlWwólá) |
| Present | ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ다〮 (kǒlpnòtá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (kǒlpnónìlá) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞᆫ가〮 (kǒlpnònká) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ녀〮 (kǒlpnònyé) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞᆫ고〮 (kǒlpnònkwó) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ뇨〮 (kǒlpnònyó) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞᆫ다〮 (kǒlpnòntá) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯노라〮 (kǒlpnwòlá) |
| Conjectural | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮리라〮 (kòlWólìlá) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᇙ〮가〮 (kòlWólqká) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮려〮 (kòlWólyé) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᇙ〮고〮 (kòlWólqkwó) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮료〮 (kòlWólyó) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᇙ〮다〮 (kòlWólqtá) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮리라〮 (kòlWwólìlá) |
| Retrospective/ imperfective | ᄀᆞᆲ〯더라〮 (kǒlptèlá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯더〮니라〮 (kǒlpténìlá) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯던가〮 (kǒlptènká) ᄀᆞᆲ〯더녀〮 (kǒlptènyé) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯던고〮 (kǒlptènkwó) ᄀᆞᆲ〯더뇨〮 (kǒlptènyó) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯던다〮 (kǒlptèntá) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯다라〮 (kǒlptàlá) |
| Promissive/Hortative | Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | Exclamatory/Emotive |
| ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮마〮 (kòlWwómá, promissive) ᄀᆞᆲ〯져〮 (kǒlpcyé, hortative) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮마〮 (kòlWwómá, promissive) ᄀᆞᆲ〯져〮 (kǒlpcyé, hortative) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮라〮 (kòlWólá, order) ᄀᆞᆲ〯고라〮 (kǒlpkwòlá, request) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮라〮 (kòlWólá, order) ᄀᆞᆲ〯고라〮 (kǒlpkwòlá, request) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆫ〮뎌〮 (kòlWóntyé), ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆯ〮쎠〮 (kòlWólssyé) ᄀᆞᆲ〯도다〮 (kǒlptwòtá), ᄀᆞᆲ〯돗다〮 (kǒlptwòstá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅢ〮라〮 (kòlWáylá) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆫ〮뎌〮 (kòlWóntyé), ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆯ〮쎠〮 (kòlWólssyé) ᄀᆞᆲ〯도다〮 (kǒlptwòtá), ᄀᆞᆲ〯돗다〮 (kǒlptwòstá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅢ〮라〮 (kòlWáylá) |
| Selected highly deferential sentence-final forms ||||||
| Past | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWóngìtá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWóníngìtá) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (kòlWóníngìská) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (kòlWóníngìskwó) | no separate forms | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWwóngìtá) |
| Present | ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlpnóngìtá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlpnòníngìtá) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (kǒlpnòníngìská) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (kǒlpnòníngìskwó) | no separate forms | ᄀᆞᆲ〯노〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlpnwóngìtá) |
| Conjectural | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWólíngìtá) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (kòlWólíngìská) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮리〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (kòlWólíngìskwó) | no separate forms | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWwólíngìtá) |
| Promissive/Hortative | Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | Exclamatory/Emotive |
| ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮마〮 (kòlWwómá, promissive) ᄀᆞᆲ〯사〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlpsángìtá, hortative) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮마〮 (kòlWwómá, promissive) ᄀᆞᆲ〯사〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlpsángìtá, hortative) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮쇼셔〮 (kòlWósyòsyé, order) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮쇼셔〮 (kòlWósyòsyé, order) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯도다〮 (kǒlptwòtá), ᄀᆞᆲ〯돗다〮 (kǒlptwòstá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅢ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWáyngìtá) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯도다〮 (kǒlptwòtá), ᄀᆞᆲ〯돗다〮 (kǒlptwòstá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅢ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWáyngìtá) |
| Selected honorific declarative forms ||||||
| | Past | Present | Conjectural | Retrospective/ imperfective | 거 (-ke-) form |
| Plain subject-honoring | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시다〮 (kòlWósìtá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시〮니라〮 (kòlWósínìlá) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 (kòlWósínòtá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (kòlWósìnónìlá) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시〮리라〮 (kòlWósílìlá) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯더〮시다〮 (kǒlptésìtá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯더시〮니라〮 (kǒlptèsínìlá) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯거〮시다〮 (kǒlpkésìtá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯거시〮니라〮 (kǒlpkèsínìlá) |
| Deferential subject-honoring | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWósíngìtá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWósìníngìtá) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWósìnóngìtá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWósínòníngìtá) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWósílíngìtá) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯더시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlptèsíngìtá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯더〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlptésìníngìtá) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯거시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlpkèsíngìtá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯거〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlpkésìníngìtá) |
| Plain object-honoring | ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯다〮 (kǒlpsǒptá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮니라〮 (kǒlpsòWónìlá) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ다〮 (kǒlpsǒpnòtá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (kǒlpsǒpnónìlá) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮리라〮 (kǒlpsòWólìlá) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯더라〮 (kǒlpsǒptèlá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯더〮니라〮 (kǒlpsǒpténìlá) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᄫᅡ〮다〮 (kǒlpsòWátá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᄫᅡ〮니라〮 (kǒlpsòWánìlá) |
| Selected connective forms ||||||
| Connective | Causative | Conditional/situating | Contrastive/concessive | Purposive/desiderative | Infinitive |
| Conjunctive/consecutive/infinitive ("and, next, then, with this, etc.") ||||||
| ᄀᆞᆲ〯고〮 (kǒlpkwó) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮며〮 (kòlWómyé) ᄀᆞᆲ〯다가〮 (kǒlptàká) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮니〮 (kòlWóní) ᄀᆞᆲ〯거ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (kǒlpkènól) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆯ〮ᄊᆡ〮 (kòlWólssóy, only in declarative) ᄀᆞᆲ〯관ᄃᆡ〮 (kǒlpkwàntóy, only in interrogative) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮면〮 (kòlWómyén) ᄀᆞᆲ〯거든〮 (kǒlpkètún) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆫ〮대〮 (kòlWóntáy) ᄀᆞᆲ〯건댄〮 (kǒlpkèntáyn) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮나〮 (kòlWóná) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮ᄃᆡ〮 (kòlWwótóy) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆫ〮ᄃᆞᆯ〮 (kòlWóntól) ᄀᆞᆲ〯건〮마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 (kǒlpkénmàlón) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮려〮 (kòlWwólyé) ᄀᆞᆲ〯고져〮 (kǒlpkwòcyé, desires own action) ᄀᆞᆲ〯과뎌〮 (kǒlpkwàtyé, desires other's action) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅡ〮 (kòlWá) |
| Adnominal/gerundive forms ||||||
| | Past | Present | Present | Conjectural | Conjectural |
| Unmodulated non-honorific | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆫ〮 (kòlWón) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (kǒlpnón) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (kǒlpnón) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᇙ〮 (kòlWólq) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᇙ〮 (kòlWólq) |
| Modulated non-honorific | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩᆫ〮 (kòlWwón) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯논〮 (kǒlpnwón) | ᄀᆞᆲ〯논〮 (kǒlpnwón) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩᇙ〮 (kòlWwólq) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩᇙ〮 (kòlWwólq) |
| Unmodulated subject-honoring | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮신〮 (kòlWósín) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (kòlWósìnón) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (kòlWósìnón) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시ᇙ〮 (kòlWósílq) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시ᇙ〮 (kòlWósílq) |
| Substantive forms ||||||
| Plain | Plain | Plain | Subject-honoring | Subject-honoring | Subject-honoring |
| ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩᆷ〮 (kòlWwóm) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩᆷ〮 (kòlWwóm) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩᆷ〮 (kòlWwóm) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮샴〮 (kòlWósyám) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮샴〮 (kòlWósyám) | ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮샴〮 (kòlWósyám) |

#### Derived terms

* ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅡ〮쓰〮다〮 (kòlWá ssútá, “to write in parallel”)

#### Descendants

* Gyeongsang Korean: 갋다 (galda)
* Korean: 가루다 (garuda) (archaic)
* ⇒ Korean: 가리비 (garibi, “scallop”)
* ⇒ Korean: 갈비 (galbi, “rib”)
* ⇒ Korean: 갈피 (galpi, “a space between folds, layers, pages”)