# 蔘

| 蔘 | U+8518, &#34072; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8518 |
| ← 蔗 [U+8517] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蔙 → [U+8519] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蔘 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 廿戈戈竹 (TIIH), four-corner 4420$_2$, composition ⿱艹參)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1054, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31795
* Dae Jaweon: page 1517, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3286, character 10
* Unihan data for U+8518

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 篸 | *ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːms |
| 參 | *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum |
| 驂 | *sʰluːm |
| 傪 | *sʰluːm, *sʰluːmʔ |
| 慘 | *sʰluːmʔ |
| 黲 | *sʰluːmʔ, *sʰloːmʔ |
| 謲 | *sʰluːms |
| 毿 | *sluːm |
| 蔘 | *sluːm, *srum |
| 犙 | *sluːm, *sru, *srɯu |
| 糝 | *sluːmʔ |
| 槮 | *sluːmʔ, *sʰrum, *srum, *srumʔ |
| 鬖 | *sloːm |
| 摻 | *sruːm, *sruːmʔ |
| 醦 | *sruːmʔ, *sʰrumʔ |
| 縿 | *sroːm |
| 穇 | *sroːm |
| 嵾 | *sʰrum |
| 磣 | *sʰrumʔ |
| 墋 | *sʰrumʔ |
| 曑 | *srum |
| 瘮 | *srumʔ |
| 滲 | *srums |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shēn (shen$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shen
*** Wade–Giles: shên$^1$
*** Yale: shēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
*** Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂən⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: srim
Rime :
| Character | 蔘 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 所今切 |
| Baxter | srim |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂjim/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃjəm/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃĭĕm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʂi̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shēn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*srum/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蔘 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 1110 |
| Phonetic component | 參 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 森 |
| Old Chinese | /*srum/ |

#### Definitions

蔘
* Alternative form of 參／参 (“ginseng”)
* (of trees or vegetation) towering; dense

#### Compounds

* 人蔘／人𦲞 (rénshēn)
* 萷蔘／萷𦲞
* 蕭蔘／萧𦲞

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sān (san$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄢ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sān
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: san
*** Wade–Giles: san$^1$
*** Yale: sān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: san
*** Palladius: сань (sanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /sän⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: som
Rime :
| Character | 蔘 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蘇含切 |
| Baxter | som |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sʌm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /səm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɒm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /səm/ |
| Li Rong | /sᴀm/ |
| Wang Li | /sɒm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /săm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | saam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sluːm/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蔘 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 1090 |
| Phonetic component | 參 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 毿 |
| Old Chinese | /*sluːm/ |
| Notes | 見方言 |

#### Definitions

蔘
* Used in 蔘綏／𦲞绥.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しん (shin)
* Kan-on: しん (shin)
* Kun: にんじん (ninjin)

#### Compounds

* 蔘精(じんせい) (jinsei, “ginseng extract”)

## Korean
### Hanja

蔘 • (sam) (hangeul 삼, revised sam, McCune–Reischauer sam, Yale sam)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

蔘: Hán Nôm readings: sâm

### Noun

蔘
* ginseng