# 彷徨
## Chinese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pánghuáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄤˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pong$^4$ wong$^4$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): pang$^5$ huang$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pánghuáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄤˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pánghuáng
*** Wade–Giles: pʻang$^2$-huang$^2$
*** Yale: páng-hwáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parnghwang
*** Palladius: панхуан (panxuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pong$^4$ wong$^4$
*** Yale: pòhng wòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pong$^4$ wong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pong$^4$ wong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔːŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pang$^5$ huang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phâng huâng
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: bang hwang
Rime :
| Character | 彷 | 徨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) | 唐 (102) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 步光切 | 胡光切 |
| Baxter | bang | hwang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɑŋ/ | /ɦwɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bɑŋ/ | /ɦʷɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bɑŋ/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baŋ/ | /ɦwaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /bɑŋ/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /bɑŋ/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱɑŋ/ | /ɣwɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | páng | huáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pong$^4$ | wong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤaŋ [ɢ]ʷˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*baːŋ ɡʷaːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 彷 | 徨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | páng | huáng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bang › | ‹ hwang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ˁaŋ/ | /*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/ |
| English | bang-hwang hestitate | 彷徨 bang.hwang hesitate |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 彷 | 徨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3000 | 12706 |
| Phonetic component | 方 | 王 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 傍 | 黃 |
| Old Chinese | /*baːŋ/ | /*ɡʷaːŋ/ |
| Notes | 見莊子 | 見揚雄賦 |

### Verb

彷徨
* to walk back and forth; to roam around
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Pánghuáng hū wú wéi qí cè, xiāoyáo hū qǐnwò qí xià? [Pinyin]
    […] There you might saunter idly by its side, or in the enjoyment of untroubled ease sleep beneath it.
* (figurative) to hesitate; to be irresolute; to be indecisive; to pause
* (literary, of wind) to revolve; to go round; to spiral

#### Synonyms

* (to walk back and forth):
* 徘徊
* 盤旋／盘旋 (pánxuán)
* 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán)
* 走來走去／走来走去 (zǒuláizǒuqù)
* 踟躕／踟蹰 (chíchú)
* 躑躅／踯躅 (zhízhú)
* (to hesitate):
* 反顧／反顾 (fǎngù) (literary)
* 彳亍 (chìchù) (literary, figurative)
* 徘徊 (figurative)
* 拿不定主意 (nábùdìng zhǔyì)
* 游移 (yóuyí)
* 猶疑／犹疑 (yóuyí)
* 猶豫／犹豫 (yóuyù)
* 疑蟯／疑蛲 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán) (figurative)
* 膩／腻 (nyi$^4$) (Sichuanese)
* 躊躇／踌躇 (chóuchú)
* 巡巡 (xúnxún) (literary)
* 逡巡 (qūnxún) (literary)
* 遲疑／迟疑 (chíyí)

#### Derived terms

* 彷徨四顧／彷徨四顾
* 彷徨失措
* 彷徨歧途

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 彷 | 徨 |
| ほう Hyōgai | こう Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーこー [hòókóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞ːko̞ː]

### Noun

彷(ほう)徨(こう) • (hōkō)
* wandering, roaming

### Verb

彷(ほう)徨(こう)する • (hōkō suru) intransitive suru (stem 彷(ほう)徨(こう)し (hōkō shi), past 彷(ほう)徨(こう)した (hōkō shita))
* wander, rove, ramble

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 彷徨し | ほうこうし | hōkō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 彷徨し | ほうこうし | hōkō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 彷徨する | ほうこうする | hōkō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 彷徨する | ほうこうする | hōkō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 彷徨すれ | ほうこうすれ | hōkō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 彷徨せよ¹ 彷徨しろ² | ほうこうせよ¹ ほうこうしろ² | hōkō seyo¹ hōkō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 彷徨される | ほうこうされる | hōkō sareru |
| Causative | 彷徨させる 彷徨さす | ほうこうさせる ほうこうさす | hōkō saseru hōkō sasu |
| Potential | 彷徨できる | ほうこうできる | hōkō dekiru |
| Volitional | 彷徨しよう | ほうこうしよう | hōkō shiyō |
| Negative | 彷徨しない | ほうこうしない | hōkō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 彷徨せず | ほうこうせず | hōkō sezu |
| Formal | 彷徨します | ほうこうします | hōkō shimasu |
| Perfective | 彷徨した | ほうこうした | hōkō shita |
| Conjunctive | 彷徨して | ほうこうして | hōkō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 彷徨すれば | ほうこうすれば | hōkō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### See also

* 彷徨(さまよ)う (samayou)
* うろつく (urotsuku)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 彷 | 徨 |

### Noun

彷徨 • (banghwang) (hangeul 방황)
* hanja form of 방황 (“wandering”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 彷 | 徨 |

### Adjective

彷徨
* chữ Hán form of bàng hoàng (“stunned; stupefied; dumbfounded”).