# 今世
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīnshì
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ ㄕˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^1$ sai$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîm-sṳ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kim-sè
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$cin-sy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīnshì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jinshìh
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^1$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: jīn-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinshyh
*** Palladius: цзиньши (czinʹši)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$今世 今市 津市
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^1$ sai$^3$
*** Yale: gām sai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^1$ sai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^1$ sei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm⁵⁵ sɐi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîm-sṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: gim$^ˊ$ sii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gim$^1$ si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kim²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kim-sè
*** Tâi-lô: kim-sè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kimsex
*** IPA (Taipei): /kim⁴⁴⁻³³ se¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim⁴⁴⁻³³ se²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$cin-sy
*** MiniDict: cin$^平$ sy
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$jin-sr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kim syejH
Rime :
| Character | 今 | 世 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) | 祭 (35) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 居吟切 | 舒制切 |
| Baxter | kim | syejH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiɪm/ | /ɕiᴇi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚim/ | /ɕiɛi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiem/ | /ɕjæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kjim/ | /ɕiaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kjəm/ | /ɕiɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭĕm/ | /ɕĭɛi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯əm/ | /ɕi̯ɛi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīn | shì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gam$^1$ | sai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]r[ə]m l̥ap-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krɯm hljebs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 今 | 世 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jīn | shì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kim › | ‹ syej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]r[ə]m/ | /*l̥ap-s/ |
| English | now | generation |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 今 | 世 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 6599 | 11537 |
| Phonetic component | 今 | 世 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 蓋 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 金 | 丗 |
| Old Chinese | /*krɯm/ | /*hljebs/ |
| Notes | 文源謂含初文 | 本枼葉初文（文源） |

### Noun

今世
* this lifetime
* contemporary times; modernity; this day and age

#### Synonyms

* (this lifetime):
* 今生 (jīnshēng)
* 此生 (cǐshēng)
* 現世／现世 (xiànshì)
* 这一輩子 (zhè yī bèizi)
* (contemporary times): (literary) 即世 (jíshì)

#### Derived terms

* 今生今世 (jīnshēngjīnshì)