# ひしゃぐ
## Japanese

* Alternative spelling
* 拉ぐ

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひしゃぐ [hìsháꜜgù] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [çiɕa̠ɡɯ̟]

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

ひしゃぐ • (hishagu) transitive godan (stem ひしゃぎ (hishagi), past ひしゃいだ (hishaida))
Japanese verb pair :
| active | ひしゃぐ |
| mediopassive | ひしゃげる |
* to flatten

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ひしゃが | hishaga |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ひしゃぎ | hishagi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ひしゃぐ | hishagu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ひしゃぐ | hishagu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ひしゃげ | hishage |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ひしゃげ | hishage |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | ひしゃがれる | hishagareru |
| Causative | ひしゃがせる ひしゃがす | hishagaseru hishagasu |
| Potential | ひしゃげる | hishageru |
| Volitional | ひしゃごう | hishagō |
| Negative | ひしゃがない | hishaganai |
| Negative continuative | ひしゃがず | hishagazu |
| Formal | ひしゃぎます | hishagimasu |
| Perfective | ひしゃいだ | hishaida |
| Conjunctive | ひしゃいで | hishaide |
| Hypothetical conditional | ひしゃげば | hishageba |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | ひしゃが | ひしやぐが | fisyaguga |
| Continuative (連用形) | ひしゃぎ | ひしやぐぎ | fisyagugi |
| Terminal (終止形) | ひしゃぐ | ひしやぐぐ | fisyagugu |
| Attributive (連体形) | ひしゃぐ | ひしやぐぐ | fisyagugu |
| Realis (已然形) | ひしゃげ | ひしやぐげ | fisyaguge |
| Imperative (命令形) | ひしゃげ | ひしやぐげ | fisyaguge |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | ひしゃがず | ひしやぐがず | fisyagugazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | ひしゃげど | ひしやぐげど | fisyagugedo |
| Causal conjunction | ひしゃげば | ひしやぐげば | fisyagugeba |
| Conditional conjunction | ひしゃがば | ひしやぐがば | fisyagugaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | ひしゃぎき | ひしやぐぎき | fisyagugiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | ひしゃぎけり | ひしやぐぎけり | fisyagugikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | ひしゃぎつ | ひしやぐぎつ | fisyagugitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | ひしゃぎぬ | ひしやぐぎぬ | fisyaguginu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | ひしゃげり ひしゃぎたり | ひしやぐげり ひしやぐぎたり | fisyagugeri fisyagugitari |
| Volitional | ひしゃがむ | ひしやぐがむ | fisyagugamu |

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

ひしゃぐ • (hishagu) intransitive $^†$nidan
* (archaic) Classical Japanese form of ひしゃげる (hishageru)

##### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | ひしゃげ | ひしやぐげ | fisyaguge |
| Continuative (連用形) | ひしゃげ | ひしやぐげ | fisyaguge |
| Terminal (終止形) | ひしゃぐ | ひしやぐぐ | fisyagugu |
| Attributive (連体形) | ひしゃぐる | ひしやぐぐる | fisyaguguru |
| Realis (已然形) | ひしゃぐれ | ひしやぐぐれ | fisyagugure |
| Imperative (命令形) | ひしゃげよ | ひしやぐげよ | fisyagugeyo |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | ひしゃげず | ひしやぐげず | fisyagugezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | ひしゃぐれど | ひしやぐぐれど | fisyaguguredo |
| Causal conjunction | ひしゃぐれば | ひしやぐぐれば | fisyagugureba |
| Conditional conjunction | ひしゃげば | ひしやぐげば | fisyagugeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | ひしゃげき | ひしやぐげき | fisyagugeki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | ひしゃげけり | ひしやぐげけり | fisyagugekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | ひしゃげつ | ひしやぐげつ | fisyagugetu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | ひしゃげぬ | ひしやぐげぬ | fisyagugenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | ひしゃげたり | ひしやぐげたり | fisyagugetari |
| Volitional | ひしゃげむ | ひしやぐげむ | fisyagugemu |

##### Derived terms

* ひしゃげる (hishageru)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN