# 瓤

| 瓤 | U+74E4, &#29924; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-74E4 |
| ← 瓣 [U+74E3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瓥 → [U+74E5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

瓤 (Kangxi radical 97, 瓜+17, 22 strokes, cangjie input 卜女竹女人 (YVHVO), four-corner 0271$_0$, composition ⿰襄瓜)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 747, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21429
* Dae Jaweon: page 1156, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2657, character 16
* Unihan data for U+74E4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 囊 | *naːŋ |
| 蠰 | *naːŋ, *sraŋ, *hnjaŋs, *njaŋʔ |
| 曩 | *naːŋʔ |
| 灢 | *naːŋʔ, *naːŋs |
| 儾 | *naːŋs |
| 孃 | *naŋ, *njaŋ |
| 瓤 | *naŋ, *njaŋ |
| 鑲 | *naŋ, *njaŋ |
| 釀 | *naŋs |
| 瓖 | *snaŋ, *snaŋ |
| 驤 | *snaŋ |
| 襄 | *snaŋ |
| 纕 | *snaŋ |
| 忀 | *snaŋ |
| 欀 | *snaŋ, *njaŋs |
| 饟 | *hnjaŋ, *hnjaŋʔ, *hnjaŋs |
| 攘 | *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ, *njaŋs |
| 禳 | *njaŋ |
| 穰 | *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ |
| 躟 | *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ |
| 瀼 | *njaŋ |
| 獽 | *njaŋ |
| 儴 | *njaŋ |
| 蘘 | *njaŋ |
| 鬤 | *njaŋ, *rnaːŋ |
| 勷 | *njaŋ |
| 壤 | *njaŋʔ |
| 嚷 | *njaŋʔ |
| 讓 | *njaŋs |
| 懹 | *njaŋs |
| 攮 | *rnoːŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *naŋ, *njaŋ) : phonetic 襄 (OC *snaŋ) + semantic 瓜 (“gourd”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ráng (rang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): nong$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nông
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): nn̂g / liông / jiâng / jiông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): neng$^5$ / riang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$naon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ráng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ráng
*** Wade–Giles: jang$^2$
*** Yale: ráng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rang
*** Palladius: жан (žan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐɑŋ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (瓤兒／瓤儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rángr
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄤˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rángr
*** Wade–Giles: jang$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: rángr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rangl
*** Palladius: жанр (žanr)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐɑ̃ɻ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nong$^4$
*** Yale: nòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɔːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nông
*** Hakka Romanization System: nong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /noŋ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: nn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nngg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /nŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /nŋ̍²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /nŋ̍¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
*** Tâi-lô: liông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiâng
*** Tâi-lô: jiâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiaang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziaŋ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiông
*** Tâi-lô: jiông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jioong
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɔŋ²³/
* nn̂g - vernacular (“flesh; layer of fat”);
* liông/jiâng/jiông - literary.
* Middle Chinese: nyang, nrjang
Rime :
| Character | 瓤 | 瓤 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 汝陽切 | 女良切 |
| Baxter | nyang | nrjang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨɐŋ/ | /ɳɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɐŋ/ | /ɳiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑiɑŋ/ | /niɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵɨaŋ/ | /ɳɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiaŋ/ | /niaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭaŋ/ | /nĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯aŋ/ | /ni̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ráng | niáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | joeng$^4$ | noeng$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*naŋ/, /*njaŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瓤 | 瓤 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13615 | 13630 |
| Phonetic component | 襄 | 襄 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 孃 | 穰 |
| Old Chinese | /*naŋ/ | /*njaŋ/ |
| Notes | 見漢賦 | 見漢賦 |

### Definitions

瓤
* flesh of fruits and nuts; pulp; pith
* object wrapped inside of something; interior part (of certain things)
* (dialect) bad (of skills); weak (of health)
* (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) layer of fat between the skin and lean meat of livestock

### Compounds

* 松瓤
* 棺材瓤子
* 沙瓤兒／沙瓤儿 (shārángr)
* 瓜瓤 (guāráng)
* 瓤兒／瓤儿 (rángr)
* 瓤口兒／瓤口儿
* 瓤子

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: にょう (nyō)、のう (nō)
* Kan-on: じょう (jō)、どう (dō)
* Kun: うりわた (uriwata, 瓤)