# 突厥
## Chinese

* 突厥

### Etymology

Ultimately from a form which also gave rise to the name Türk (cf. 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (Türük)), but the phonetics are difficult to reconcile.
It has been suggested that this is a transcription of Rouran *türküt, a plural of the Mongolic type, composed of *türk +‎ *-üt (cf. Khalkha Mongolian -үүд (-üüd)) (Pelliot, 1915). Pulleyblank (1965) proposed that this is a direct transcription of Türk.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Tūjué, Tújué
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ, ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dat$^6$ kyut$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Tūjué
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tujyué
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^1$-chüeh$^2$
*** Yale: tū-jywé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tujyue
*** Palladius: туцзюэ (tuczjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Tújué
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tújyué
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^2$-chüeh$^2$
*** Yale: tú-jywé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twujyue
*** Palladius: туцзюэ (tuczjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dat$^6$ kyut$^3$
*** Yale: daht kyut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dat$^9$ kyt$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ded$^6$ küd$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐt̚² kʰyːt̚³/
* Middle Chinese: thwot kjut
Rime :
| Character | 突 | 厥 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 沒 (56) | 物 (60) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 他骨切 | 九勿切 |
| Baxter | thwot | kjut |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰuət̚/ | /kɨut̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰuot̚/ | /kiut̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰuət̚/ | /kiuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰwət̚/ | /kut̚/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰuət̚/ | /kiuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰuət̚/ | /kĭuət̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tʰuət̚/ | /ki̯uət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tu | ju |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | teot$^1$ | gwat$^1$ |

### Proper noun

突厥
* (historical) Göktürks
    From: The Book of Sui, 636 CE
    Tūjué zhī xiān, Píngliáng záhú yě, xìng Āshǐnà shì. [Pinyin]
    The Tujue's ancestors were assorted barbarians from Pingliang, surnamed Ashina.
* Turk (collective name for various Turkic ethnic groups)

#### Derived terms

* 沙陀突厥 (Shātuó tūjué)
* 突厥主義／突厥主义 (Tūjué zhǔyì)
* 突厥人 (tūjuérén)
* 突厥化 (tūjuéhuà)
* 突厥文
* 突厥斯坦 (Tūjuésītǎn)
* 突厥語／突厥语 (tūjuéyǔ)
* 突厥語族／突厥语族 (Tūjué yǔzú)
* 突厥語系／突厥语系 (Tūjué yǔxì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 突厥(とっけつ) (Tokketsu)
* → Korean: 돌궐(突厥) (Dolgwol)
* → Vietnamese: Đột Quyết (突厥)

#### Further reading

* Lee, Joo-Yup (2016) “The Historical Meaning of the Term Turk and the Nature of the Turkic Identity of the Chinggisid and Timurid Elites in Post-Mongol Central Asia”, in Central Asiatic Journal‎, volume 59, numbers 1–2, →DOI, pages 101–32

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 突 | 厥 |
| とつ > とっ Grade: S | けつ Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 突厥 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [to̞k̚ke̞t͡sɨ]

### Proper noun

突(とっ)厥(けつ) • (Tokketsu)
* the Turks
* Mongolia

#### Derived terms

* 突(とっ)厥(けつ)文(も)字(じ) (Tokketsu moji)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 突 | 厥 |

### Proper noun

突厥 • (Dolgwol) (hangeul 돌궐)
* hanja form of 돌궐 (“Turk; Göktürk”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 突 | 厥 |

### Proper noun

突厥
* chữ Hán form of Đột Quyết (“Turk; Göktürk”).