# 覆蓋
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fùgài
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ ㄍㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk$^1$ goi$^3$ / fuk$^1$ koi$^3$ / fau$^6$ goi$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hok-kài
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fùgài
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ ㄍㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fùgài
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^4$-kai$^4$
*** Yale: fù-gài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuhgay
*** Palladius: фугай (fugaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ kaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fuk$^1$ goi$^3$ / fuk$^1$ koi$^3$ / fau$^6$ goi$^3$
*** Yale: fūk goi / fūk koi / fauh goi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fuk$^7$ goi$^3$ / fuk$^7$ koi$^3$ / fau$^6$ goi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fug$^1$ goi$^3$ / fug$^1$ koi$^3$ / feo$^6$ goi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊk̚⁵ kɔːi̯³³/, /fʊk̚⁵ kʰɔːi̯³³/, /fɐu̯²² kɔːi̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok-kài
*** Tâi-lô: hok-kài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hokkaix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kai²¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kai²¹/

### Verb

覆蓋
* to cover
    覆蓋範圍／覆盖范围 ― fùgài fànwéi ― coverage
* to extend to; to involve; to affect

#### Synonyms

* (to cover):
* 包圍／包围 (bāowéi)
* 塕埃 (Min Nan)
* 彌漫／弥漫 (mímàn)
* 掩蓋／掩盖 (yǎngài)
* 籠罩／笼罩 (lǒngzhào)
* 網／网 (wǎng)

### Noun

覆蓋
* cover
* plant cover; vegetation

### Derived terms

* 覆蓋率／覆盖率 (fùgàilǜ)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 覆 | 蓋 |
| ふく Grade: S | がい Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 覆蓋／覆盖 (phjuwk kaj$^H$, literally “cover + lid”). Compare modern Cantonese reading fuk$^1$ goi$^3$.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふくがい [fùkúgáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟kɯ̟ɡa̠i]

### Noun

覆(ふく)蓋(がい) • (fukugai)
* (rare) the act of covering
* (rare) a covering, something that covers

#### Usage notes

Rarely used. The synonyms are much more common.

#### Synonyms

* (covering, in general): 覆(おお)い (ōi), 被覆(ひふく) (hifuku)
* (bed covering): 上掛(うわが)け (uwagake)
* (a lid): 蓋(ふた) (futa)

### Verb

覆(ふく)蓋(がい)する • (fukugai suru) transitive suru (stem 覆(ふく)蓋(がい)し (fukugai shi), past 覆(ふく)蓋(がい)した (fukugai shita))
* (rare) to cover something, to cover something up

#### Usage notes

Rarely used. The synonym 覆(おお)い被(かぶ)せる (ōikabuseru) is much more common.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 覆蓋し | ふくがいし | fukugai shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 覆蓋し | ふくがいし | fukugai shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 覆蓋する | ふくがいする | fukugai suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 覆蓋する | ふくがいする | fukugai suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 覆蓋すれ | ふくがいすれ | fukugai sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 覆蓋せよ¹ 覆蓋しろ² | ふくがいせよ¹ ふくがいしろ² | fukugai seyo¹ fukugai shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 覆蓋される | ふくがいされる | fukugai sareru |
| Causative | 覆蓋させる 覆蓋さす | ふくがいさせる ふくがいさす | fukugai saseru fukugai sasu |
| Potential | 覆蓋できる | ふくがいできる | fukugai dekiru |
| Volitional | 覆蓋しよう | ふくがいしよう | fukugai shiyō |
| Negative | 覆蓋しない | ふくがいしない | fukugai shinai |
| Negative continuative | 覆蓋せず | ふくがいせず | fukugai sezu |
| Formal | 覆蓋します | ふくがいします | fukugai shimasu |
| Perfective | 覆蓋した | ふくがいした | fukugai shita |
| Conjunctive | 覆蓋して | ふくがいして | fukugai shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 覆蓋すれば | ふくがいすれば | fukugai sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* 覆(おお)い被(かぶ)せる (ōikabuseru)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN