# 圓滿
## Chinese
### Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit परिपूर्ण (paripūrṇa).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuánmǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ ㄇㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^4$ mun$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yèn-mân / yàn-mân
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): oân-boán
    (Teochew, Peng'im): in$^5$ muan$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuánmǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ㄇㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuánmǎn
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^2$-man$^3$
*** Yale: ywán-mǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuanmaan
*** Palladius: юаньмань (juanʹmanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn³⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^4$ mun$^5$
*** Yale: yùhn múhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^4$ mun$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^4$ mun$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²¹ muːn¹³/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$圓滿／圆满 完滿／完满
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn-mân
*** Hakka Romanization System: ien$^ˇ$ man$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$ man$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹ man²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn-mân
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian$^ˇ$ man$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$ man$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹ man²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân-boán
*** Tâi-lô: uân-buán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oanboarn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /uan²⁴⁻²² buan⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uan²⁴⁻²² buan⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan¹³⁻²² buan⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /uan²⁴⁻¹¹ buan⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²³⁻³³ buan⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: in$^5$ muan$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: îⁿ muáⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /ĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mũã⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: zjwen|hjwen manX
Rime :
| Character | 圓 | 圓 | 滿 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) | 云 (35) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (78) | 仙 (80) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III | I |
| Fanqie | 似宣切 | 王權切 | 莫旱切 |
| Baxter | zjwen | hjwen | manX |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ziuᴇn/ | /ɦˠiuᴇn/ | /muɑn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zʷiɛn/ | /ɦʷᵚiɛn/ | /mʷɑn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zjuæn/ | /ɣiuæn/ | /muɑn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zwian/ | /ɦwian/ | /mwan$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ziuɛn/ | /ɣjuɛn/ | /muɑn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭwɛn/ | /ɣĭwɛn/ | /muɑn$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /zi̯wɛn/ | /i̯wɛn/ | /muɑn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xuán | yuán | mǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cyun$^4$ | jyun$^4$ | mun$^5$ |

### Adjective

圓滿
* satisfactory; successful; consummate; perfect
    圓滿結束／圆满结束 ― yuánmǎn jiéshù ― to come to a successful end
    取得圓滿結果／取得圆满结果 ― qǔdé yuánmǎn jiéguǒ ― to get a successful result
    結局非常圓滿。／结局非常圆满。 ― Jiéjú fēicháng yuánmǎn. ― The ending is very satisfactory.

#### Synonyms

* 亹亹 (wěiwěi) (literary)
* 佼好 (jiǎohǎo) (literary)
* 妙 (miào)
* 妙善 (miàoshàn) (literary)
* 完滿／完满 (wánmǎn)
* 美善 (měishàn) (literary)
* 美好 (měihǎo)
* 美妙 (měimiào)
* 美滿／美满 (měimǎn)
* 錦繡／锦绣 (jǐnxiù) (figurative)

#### Derived terms

* 功德圓滿／功德圆满 (gōngdéyuánmǎn)
* 功行圓滿／功行圆满
* 大圓滿／大圆满 (Dàyuánmǎn)
* 大圓滿法／大圆满法

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 円満(えんまん) (enman)
* → Korean: 원만(圓滿) (wonman)
* → Vietnamese: viên mãn (圓滿)

### Further reading

* Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “圓滿” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 圓 | 滿 |
| えん Jinmeiyō | まん Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 圓滿 – see the following entry. :
| 【円満えんまん】 | [adjective] amiable [adjective] harmonious, peaceful [noun] amiability [noun] harmony, amicability |
(This term, 圓滿, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 圓 | 滿 |

### Root

圓滿 • (wonman) (hangeul 원만)
* hanja form of 원만

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 圓 | 滿 |

### Adjective

圓滿
* chữ Hán form of viên mãn (“perfect; faultless”).