# 擾亂
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rǎoluàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄠˇ ㄌㄨㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu$^2$ lyun$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yéu-lon
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liáu-loān / jiáu-loān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): riao$^2$ luang$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rǎoluàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄠˇ ㄌㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rǎoluàn
*** Wade–Giles: jao$^3$-luan$^4$
*** Yale: rǎu-lwàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: raoluann
*** Palladius: жаолуань (žaoluanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯än⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jiu$^2$ lyun$^6$
*** Yale: yíu lyuhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jiu$^2$ lyn$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yiu$^2$ lün$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːu̯³⁵ lyːn²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yéu-lon
*** Hakka Romanization System: ieu$^ˋ$ lon
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yeu$^3$ lon$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯eu̯³¹ lon⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yéu-lon
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ieu$^ˋ$ lon
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yeu$^3$ lon$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯eu̯³¹ lon⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liáu-loān
*** Tâi-lô: liáu-luān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liawloan
*** IPA (Taipei): /liau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ luan³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ luan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ luan²²/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiáu-loān
*** Tâi-lô: jiáu-luān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiawloan
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ luan³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ luan²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: riao$^2$ luang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiáu luăng
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡ziau⁵²⁻³⁵ luaŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: nyewX lwanH
Rime :
| Character | 擾 | 亂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 而沼切 | 郎段切 |
| Baxter | nyewX | lwanH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiᴇu$^X$/ | /luɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɛu$^X$/ | /lʷɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjæu$^X$/ | /luɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵiaw$^X$/ | /lwan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiɛu$^X$/ | /luɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭɛu$^X$/ | /luɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ɛu$^X$/ | /luɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rǎo | luàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jiu$^5$ | lyun$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*njiwʔ roːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 亂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | luàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lwan$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁo[n]-s/ |
| English | disorder, rebellion |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 擾 | 亂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9369 | 8645 |
| Phonetic component | 夒 | 亂 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 擾 | 亂 |
| Old Chinese | /*njiwʔ/ | /*roːns/ |

### Verb

擾亂
* to throw into disorder; to disturb; to harass; to disrupt; to perturb
    擾亂課堂秩序／扰乱课堂秩序 ― rǎoluàn kètáng zhìxù ― to disrupt classroom order

#### Synonyms

* 告擾／告扰 (gàorǎo) (formal, humble, polite)
* 吵擾／吵扰 (chǎorǎo)
* 困擾／困扰 (kùnrǎo)
* 干擾 (gānrǎo)
* 打亂／打乱 (dǎluàn)
* 打擾／打扰 (dǎrǎo)
* 打攪／打搅 (dǎjiǎo)
* 搗／捣 (dǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
* 攪／搅 (jiǎo)
* 攪亂／搅乱 (jiǎoluàn)
* 攪動／搅动 (jiǎodòng)
* 攪吵／搅吵 (Hokkien)
* 攪擾／搅扰 (jiǎorǎo)
* 梟亂／枭乱 (xiāoluàn) (literary)
* 殽亂／淆乱 (xiáoluàn) (literary)
* 煩／烦 (fán)
* 煩擾／烦扰 (fánrǎo)
* 糾紛／纠纷 (jiūfēn) (literary)
* 糾纏／纠缠 (jiūchán)
* 纏／缠 (chán)
* 纏擾／缠扰 (chánrǎo)
* 纏磨／缠磨 (chánmo) (colloquial)
* 纏繞／缠绕 (chánrào)
* 驚／惊 (jīng)
* 驚動／惊动 (jīngdòng)

### Adjective

擾亂
* (Classical) in a state of turmoil
    From: Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE
    Jūnchén rǎoluàn, shàngxià bù fēnbié. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 擾 | 亂 |
| じょう Hyōgai | らん Hyōgai |
| kan'on | on'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 擾亂 – see the following entry. :
| 【擾乱じょうらん】 | [noun] disturbance [noun] (sciences) disturbance [verb] to disturb |
(This term, 擾亂, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 擾 | 亂 |

### Noun

擾亂 • (yoran) (hangeul 요란)
* hanja form of 요란