# 降服
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiángfú
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˊ ㄈㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hong$^4$ fuk$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hòng-fu̍k
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hâng-ho̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiángfú
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˊ ㄈㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siángfú
*** Wade–Giles: hsiang$^2$-fu$^2$
*** Yale: syáng-fú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyangfwu
*** Palladius: сянфу (sjanfu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵ fu³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$降伏 降服
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hong$^4$ fuk$^6$
*** Yale: hòhng fuhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hong$^4$ fuk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hong$^4$ fug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːŋ²¹ fʊk̚²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$降伏 降服
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hòng-fu̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: hong$^ˇ$ fug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hong$^2$ fug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /hoŋ¹¹ fuk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâng-ho̍k
*** Tâi-lô: hâng-ho̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hanghok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /haŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /haŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /haŋ¹³⁻²² hɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /haŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /haŋ²³⁻³³ hɔk̚⁴/

#### Verb

降服
* (intransitive) to submit; to yield
* (transitive) to subdue

##### Synonyms

* (to submit):
* 屈從／屈从 (qūcóng)
* 屈服 (qūfú)
* 投降 (tóuxiáng)
* 臣服 (chénfú)
* (to subdue):
* 制服 (zhìfú)
* 收服 (shōufú)
* 治服 (zhìfú)
* 降伏 (xiángfú)
* 馴服／驯服 (xùnfú)

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to submit”):
* 不屈 (bùqū)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiàngfú
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄈㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gong$^3$ fuk$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàngfú
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄈㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàngfú
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^4$-fu$^2$
*** Yale: jyàng-fú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianqfwu
*** Palladius: цзянфу (czjanfu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ fu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong$^3$ fuk$^6$
*** Yale: gong fuhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong$^3$ fuk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong$^3$ fug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːŋ³³ fʊk̚²/

#### Noun

降服
* (archaic) mourning garment of a lower level

#### Verb

降服
* (literary) to take off one's court dress and ask for forgiveness

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 降 | 服 |
| こう Grade: 6 | ふく Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

降(こう)服(ふく) • (kōfuku)
* Alternative form of 降伏

### Verb

降(こう)服(ふく)する • (kōfuku suru) suru (stem 降(こう)服(ふく)し (kōfuku shi), past 降(こう)服(ふく)した (kōfuku shita))
* Alternative form of 降伏

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 降服し | こうふくし | kōfuku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 降服し | こうふくし | kōfuku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 降服する | こうふくする | kōfuku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 降服する | こうふくする | kōfuku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 降服すれ | こうふくすれ | kōfuku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 降服せよ¹ 降服しろ² | こうふくせよ¹ こうふくしろ² | kōfuku seyo¹ kōfuku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 降服される | こうふくされる | kōfuku sareru |
| Causative | 降服させる 降服さす | こうふくさせる こうふくさす | kōfuku saseru kōfuku sasu |
| Potential | 降服できる | こうふくできる | kōfuku dekiru |
| Volitional | 降服しよう | こうふくしよう | kōfuku shiyō |
| Negative | 降服しない | こうふくしない | kōfuku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 降服せず | こうふくせず | kōfuku sezu |
| Formal | 降服します | こうふくします | kōfuku shimasu |
| Perfective | 降服した | こうふくした | kōfuku shita |
| Conjunctive | 降服して | こうふくして | kōfuku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 降服すれば | こうふくすれば | kōfuku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||