# 修身
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiūshēn
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡ ㄕㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sau$^1$ san$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siû-sṳ̂n
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siu-sin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiūshēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡ ㄕㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sioushen
*** Wade–Giles: hsiu$^1$-shên$^1$
*** Yale: syōu-shēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shioushen
*** Palladius: сюшэнь (sjušɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sau$^1$ san$^1$
*** Yale: sāu sān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sau$^1$ san$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seo$^1$ sen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐu̯⁵⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siû-sṳ̂n
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiu$^ˊ$ siin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiu$^1$ sin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨn²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siu-sin
*** Tâi-lô: siu-sin
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siusyn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siu⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siu³³ sin³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siu⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siu⁴⁴⁻³³ sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siu⁴⁴⁻³³ sin⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: sjuw syin
Rime :
| Character | 修 | 身 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 息流切 | 失人切 |
| Baxter | sjuw | syin |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨu/ | /ɕiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siu/ | /ɕin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siəu/ | /ɕjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /suw/ | /ɕin/ |
| Li Rong | /siu/ | /ɕiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭəu/ | /ɕĭĕn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /si̯ə̯u/ | /ɕi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiū | shēn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sau$^1$ | san$^1$ |

### Verb

修身
* to cultivate one's moral character; to practice self-cultivation
       Géwù, zhìzhī, chéngyì, zhèngxīn, xiūshēn, qíjiā, zhìguó, píngtiānxià. [Pinyin]
       Investigate the nature of things, pursue knowledge, act in good faith, rectify one's mind, cultivate one's moral character, manage one's household, administer state affairs and bring peace to the nation.
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Xiūshēn jiànyán, wèi zhī shànxíng. [Pinyin]
    To cultivate one's person and fulfil one's words is called good conduct.

#### Synonyms

* 修養／修养 (xiūyǎng)

#### Derived terms

* 修身養德／修身养德
* 修身養性／修身养性 (xiūshēn yǎngxìng)
* 修身齊家／修身齐家

### Adjective

修身
* (fashion) slim-fit; body-hugging

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 修 | 身 |
| しゅう Grade: 5 | しん Grade: 3 |
| kan'on | on'yomi |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゅうしん [shúꜜùshìǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕɨːɕĩɴ]

### Noun

修(しゅう)身(しん) • (shūshin)
* cultivation of one's moral and behavior
* (historical) a subject of moral training education that was taught in Japanese elementary schools from 1890 to 1945
** 1933, Osamu Dazai, Omoide [Recollections]‎:
    それから間(ま)もなく試(し)驗(けん)が來(き)たけれど、私(わたし)は博(はく)物(ぶつ)でも地(ち)理(り)でも修(しう)身(しん)でも、教(けう)科(くわ)書(しよ)の一(いち)字(じ)一(いつ)句(く)をそのまま暗(あん)記(き)して了(しま)ふやうに努(つと)めた。
       Sore kara ma mo naku shiken ga kita keredo, watashi wa hakubutsu de mo chiri de mo shūshin de mo, kyōkasho no ichiji ikku o sono mama anki shite shimau yō ni tsutometa.
       Soon thereafter there was an exam, and I made an effort to memorize exact every single word and phrase in my textbooks of natural history, geography and moral training.

#### See also

* 道(どう)徳(とく) (dōtoku)

### References

* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 修 | 身 |

### Noun

修身 • (susin) (hangeul 수신)
* hanja form of 수신