# 顧慮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gùlǜ
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˋ ㄌㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gu$^3$ leoi$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ku-li
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kò͘-lū / kò͘-līr / kò͘-lī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gu$^3$ le$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gùlǜ
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ ㄌㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gùlyù
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^4$-lü$^4$
*** Yale: gù-lyù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guhliuh
*** Palladius: гулюй (guljuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁵¹⁻⁵³ ly⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^3$ leoi$^6$
*** Yale: gu leuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^3$ loey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^3$ lêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː³³ lɵy̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ku-li
*** Hakka Romanization System: gu li
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gu$^4$ li$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku⁵⁵ li⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-lū
*** Tâi-lô: kòo-lū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: korlu
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ lu³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-līr
*** Tâi-lô: kòo-līr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɯ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-lī
*** Tâi-lô: kòo-lī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: korli
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ li³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gu$^3$ le$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kù lṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ lɯ³⁵/

### Verb

顧慮
* to have worries, misgivings or apprehensions

#### Synonyms

* 怕
* 急 (jí)
* 急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
* 恐怕 (kǒngpà)
* 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 愁 (chóu)
* 憂心／忧心 (yōuxīn)
* 憂慮／忧虑 (yōulǜ)
* 懸心／悬心 (xuánxīn)
* 掛心／挂心 (guàxīn)
* 掛礙／挂碍 (guà'ài)
* 揪心 (jiūxīn)
* 擔心／担心 (dānxīn)
* 擔憂／担忧 (dānyōu)
* 燒心／烧心 (shāoxīn) (regional or dated)
* 犯愁 (fànchóu)
* 疑慮／疑虑 (yílǜ)
* 發急／发急 (fājí)
* 發愁／发愁 (fāchóu)
* 發極／发极 ($^7$faq $^8$jiq) (Wu)
* 著急／着急 (zháojí)
* 起急 (qǐjí) (colloquial)

### Noun

顧慮
* worries; misgivings; apprehensions

#### Synonyms

* 疑慮／疑虑 (yílǜ)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 顧 | 慮 |
| こ Grade: S | りょ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こりょ [kóꜜryò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ko̞ɾʲo̞]

### Noun

顧(こ)慮(りょ) • (koryo)
* concern, solicitude, misgivings

### Verb

顧(こ)慮(りょ)する • (koryo suru) suru (stem 顧(こ)慮(りょ)し (koryo shi), past 顧(こ)慮(りょ)した (koryo shita))
* to worry, to have concerns

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 顧慮し | こりょし | koryo shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 顧慮し | こりょし | koryo shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 顧慮する | こりょする | koryo suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 顧慮する | こりょする | koryo suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 顧慮すれ | こりょすれ | koryo sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 顧慮せよ¹ 顧慮しろ² | こりょせよ¹ こりょしろ² | koryo seyo¹ koryo shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 顧慮される | こりょされる | koryo sareru |
| Causative | 顧慮させる 顧慮さす | こりょさせる こりょさす | koryo saseru koryo sasu |
| Potential | 顧慮できる | こりょできる | koryo dekiru |
| Volitional | 顧慮しよう | こりょしよう | koryo shiyō |
| Negative | 顧慮しない | こりょしない | koryo shinai |
| Negative continuative | 顧慮せず | こりょせず | koryo sezu |
| Formal | 顧慮します | こりょします | koryo shimasu |
| Perfective | 顧慮した | こりょした | koryo shita |
| Conjunctive | 顧慮して | こりょして | koryo shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 顧慮すれば | こりょすれば | koryo sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN