# 開通
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kāitōng
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ ㄊㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi$^1$ tung$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khai-thong / khui-thong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kai$^1$ tong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kāitōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ㄊㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kaitong
*** Wade–Giles: kʻai$^1$-tʻung$^1$
*** Yale: kāi-tūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaitong
*** Palladius: кайтун (kajtun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoi$^1$ tung$^1$
*** Yale: hōi tūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoi$^1$ tung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hoi$^1$ tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khai-thong
*** Tâi-lô: khai-thong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qai'tofng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai³³ tʰɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khui-thong
*** Tâi-lô: khui-thong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qui'tofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kai$^1$ tong$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khai thong
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰai³³⁻²³ tʰoŋ³³/

#### Verb

開通
* to remove obstacles from; to dredge; to clear
* (of a road) to become open to traffic
* (Internet, of a website) to become open to traffic
* to inspire; to enlighten
* to enable; to accept; to authorize

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kāitong
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ ˙ㄊㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi$^1$ tung$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khai-thong / khui-thong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kāitong
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ˙ㄊㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kaito̊ng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻai$^1$-tʻung$^5$
*** Yale: kāi-tung
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kai.tong
*** Palladius: кайтун (kajtun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoi$^1$ tung$^1$
*** Yale: hōi tūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoi$^1$ tung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hoi$^1$ tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khai-thong
*** Tâi-lô: khai-thong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qai'tofng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai³³ tʰɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khui-thong
*** Tâi-lô: khui-thong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qui'tofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

#### Adjective

開通
* enlightened; liberal; open-minded
       Zǒngdeláishuō, wǒ zhè yīdài hái suàn bǐjiào kāitōng. [Pinyin]
       Generally speaking, my generation can be considered quite open-minded.

##### Synonyms

* 通達／通达 (tōngdá)
* 進步／进步 (jìnbù)
* 開明／开明 (kāimíng)

##### Antonyms

* 保守 (bǎoshǒu)
* 守舊／守旧 (shǒujiù)
* 落後／落后 (luòhòu)
* 閉塞／闭塞 (bìsè)
* 頑固／顽固 (wángù)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 開 | 通 |
| かい Grade: 3 | つう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

開(かい)通(つう) • (kaitsū)
* opening to traffic

### Verb

開(かい)通(つう)する • (kaitsū suru) intransitive suru (stem 開(かい)通(つう)し (kaitsū shi), past 開(かい)通(つう)した (kaitsū shita))
* open to traffic

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 開通し | かいつうし | kaitsū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 開通し | かいつうし | kaitsū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 開通する | かいつうする | kaitsū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 開通する | かいつうする | kaitsū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 開通すれ | かいつうすれ | kaitsū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 開通せよ¹ 開通しろ² | かいつうせよ¹ かいつうしろ² | kaitsū seyo¹ kaitsū shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 開通される | かいつうされる | kaitsū sareru |
| Causative | 開通させる 開通さす | かいつうさせる かいつうさす | kaitsū saseru kaitsū sasu |
| Potential | 開通できる | かいつうできる | kaitsū dekiru |
| Volitional | 開通しよう | かいつうしよう | kaitsū shiyō |
| Negative | 開通しない | かいつうしない | kaitsū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 開通せず | かいつうせず | kaitsū sezu |
| Formal | 開通します | かいつうします | kaitsū shimasu |
| Perfective | 開通した | かいつうした | kaitsū shita |
| Conjunctive | 開通して | かいつうして | kaitsū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 開通すれば | かいつうすれば | kaitsū sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||