# مطرة
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

* Root
* م ط ر (m ṭ r)
* 7 terms

#### Adjective

مَطِرَة • (maṭira) f
* feminine singular of مَطِر (maṭir)

### Etymology 1.2
#### Noun

مَطَرَة or مَطْرَة • (maṭara or maṭra) f (plural أَمْطَار (ʔamṭār))
* downpour, shower; (colloquial) rain
** 2003, أحمد سليمان أبكر, الريف المكنون‎, Hindawi Foundation, published 2021, →ISBN, مثل ومثل:«تقول صبت فيهو مطرة.» يُضْرب مثلًا للرجل ترميه بحجةٍ تُسكته، ويُناظره المثل العربي: «كأنَّما أفرغ عليه ذنوب.»٠٠(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Aramaic מַטְרְתָא (maṭərṯā, “a double sack for grain, gold etc.”), from Ancient Greek μετρητής (metrētḗs), a widely employed liquid measure named after μετρέω (metréō, “to measure”), whence also Latin metrēta derives.

#### Noun

مَطَرَة • (maṭara) f (plural مَطَرَات (maṭarāt) or أَمْطَار (ʔamṭār))
* water-skin, field-flask, a large bottle of leather or wood or other materials for drinking water, storing butter, oil, sugar, fish etc.; or even a vessel or portable bag in general; as a liquid measure around 10–20 litres
    Alternative forms: مَطَر (maṭar), مَطَارَة (maṭāra)
    Near-synonyms: قِرْبَة (qirba), سِقَاء (siqāʔ), زِقّ (ziqq), شَجْب (šajb), جَحْل (jaḥl), شَنّ (šann), جَوْد (jawd)

##### Descendants

* → Middle French: matheras, matraz, matrats
** French: matras
** → Catalan: matràs, matraç
** → English: matras, matrass
*** → Indonesian: matras
** → Galician: matraz
** → Italian: matraccio
** → New Latin: matracium
** → Portuguese: matrás
** → Spanish: matraz
* → Ottoman Turkish: مطره (matara), مطاره (metare, medara, matara)
** Turkish: matara
** → Armenian: մաթարայ (matʻaray)

### References

* ↑ Sokoloff, Michael (2002) A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the Talmudic and Geonic periods, Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University, page 661a, followed by CAL, who sloppily deny it for the Jewish Babylonian Aramaic headword מַטְרְתָא (maṭərṯā) because of the difference between a dry measure and a liquid measure, although both uses are well seen in Arabic, had they looked into Dozy, who treats the semantic range extensively, however could not derive from Aramaic since its diffusion into Arabic was only worked out in that decade by Fraenkel. The formal match between the Greek and the Arabic however is, though Corriente and colleagues 2019 find metanalysis in either Aramaic and Arabic plausible, more credibly made if Aramaic mediation of the Arabic word is assumed, which means their argument fails to consider that we miss a part of the historical semantic range of the Aramaic word. Note that for the plural alone Freytag 1837, glossing, at the wrong headword مَطَر (maṭar, “rain”), more generally vasa (“vessels”), for two occurrences referenced in his dictionary, speaks of a vox peregrina (“foreign word”). To secure peregrine origin of the present Arabic term, we can add that there is no trace in the Yemeni dialect at the appropriate place in Piamenta, Moshe (1991) Dictionary of Post-Classical Yemeni Arabic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 468b.
* “mṭrh$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2019), Dictionnaire des emprunts ibéro-romans. Emprunts à l’arabe et aux langues du Monde Islamique (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 421–422
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “مطرة”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 600a
* Golius, Jacob (1653) “مطرة”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum, contextum ex probatioribus orientis lexicographis‎ (in Latin), Leiden: Bonaventura & Abraham Elzevir, column 2240
* Freytag, Georg (1837) “مطرة”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 189b
* Hinz, Walther (1955, 1970) Islamische Maße und Gewichte: umgerechnet ins metrische System (Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung: der nahe und der mittlere Osten; Ergänzungsband 1, Heft 1) (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 45
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “مطرة”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 1122b
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “مطرة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2722a
* Piamenta, Moshe (1979) “Jerusalem Arabic Lexicon”, in Arabica‎, volume 26, number 3, →ISBN
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “مطرة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 1018a