# 波那娑
## Chinese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit पनस (panasa, “breadfruit; jackfruit”), पणस (paṇasa, “jackfruit”), a Dravidian loan. Compare Pali panasa (“breadfruit; jackfruit”), Hindi पनस (panas, “jackfruit”), Marathi फणस (phaṇas, “jackfruit”), Telugu పనస (panasa, “jackfruit”), Tamil பலா (palā, “jackfruit”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bōnuósuō
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ ㄋㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄨㄛ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bōnuósuō
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ㄋㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bonuósuo
*** Wade–Giles: po$^1$-no$^2$-so$^1$
*** Yale: bwō-nwó-swō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bonuosuo
*** Palladius: боносо (bonoso)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ nu̯ɔ³⁵ su̯ɔ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: pa na sa
Rime :
| Character | 波 | 那 | 娑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 泥 (8) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 歌 (94) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 博禾切 | 諾何切 | 素何切 |
| Baxter | pa | na | sa |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /puɑ/ | /nɑ/ | /sɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /puɑ/ | /nɑ/ | /sɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /puɑ/ | /nɑ/ | /sɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pwa/ | /na/ | /sa/ |
| Li Rong | /puɑ/ | /nɑ/ | /sɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /puɑ/ | /nɑ/ | /sɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /puɑ/ | /nɑ/ | /sɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bō | nuó | suō |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bo$^1$ | no$^4$ | so$^1$ |

### Noun

波那娑
* (archaic) jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 波那娑, 婆那娑, 波那沙, 半橠娑, 半娜娑 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 菠蘿蜜, 木菠蘿, 樹菠蘿 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 菠蘿蜜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 菠蘿蜜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 菠蘿蜜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 木菠蘿 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 木菠蘿 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kokang | 牛肚子果 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 菠蘿蜜, 大樹菠蘿, 木菠蘿 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 大樹菠蘿, 菠蘿蜜 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 大樹菠蘿 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 樹菠蘿 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 菠蘿子 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 木菠蘿, 樹菠蘿 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 木菠蘿 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 木菠蘿 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 木菠蘿 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 木菠蘿 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jintian) | 木菠蘿 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 木菠蘿, 樹菠蘿 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 木菠蘿 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 大菠蘿 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 芒加 |
| Cantonese | Sarikei (Xinhui) | 大樹菠蘿 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 菠蘿蜜 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 木菠蘿 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 菠蘿蜜 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 芒加 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 菠蘿蜜 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 芒加 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 芒加 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 菠蘿蜜 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 菠蘿蜜 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 菠蘿蜜 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 菠蘿蜜 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 芒加 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 芒加, 菠蘿蜜 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 菠蘿蜜 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 包蘿 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 包蜜 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 包蜜 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 大樹菠蘿 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 木菠蘿 |