OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 玩好
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wánhào, wànhào
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˊ ㄏㄠˋ, ㄨㄢˋ ㄏㄠˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, colloquial; standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wánhào
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˊ ㄏㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wánhào
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^2$-hao$^4$
*** Yale: wán-hàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wanhaw
*** Palladius: ваньхао (vanʹxao)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, literary; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wànhào
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˋ ㄏㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wànhào
*** Wade–Giles: wan$^4$-hao$^4$
*** Yale: wàn-hàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wannhaw
*** Palladius: ваньхао (vanʹxao)
*** Sinological IPA : /wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

### Noun

玩好
* (archaic) items for one's amusement
# cigaretrørets
## Danish
### Noun

cigaretrørets
* definite genitive singular of cigaretrør
# 珞珈山
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Luòjiāshān
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄕㄢ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Luòjiāshān
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄕㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Luòjiashan
*** Wade–Giles: Lo$^4$-chia$^1$-shan$^1$
*** Yale: Lwò-jyā-shān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Luohjiashan
*** Palladius: Лоцзяшань (Loczjašanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

珞珈山
* Mount Luojia, a mountain on the campus of Wuhan University in Wuhan, Hubei, China
* (～街道) Luojiashan (a subdistrict of Wuchang district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)
# tuffoon
## English
### Noun

tuffoon (plural tuffoons)
* Obsolete form of typhoon.
** 1754, Cope (Captain.), A New History of the East-Indies: With Brief Observations on the Religion, Customs, Manners and Trade of the Inhabitants. ... With a Map of the Country, and Several Other Copper-plates, ... By Captain Cope, page 135:In September the Rain and Wind are moderate generally, and yet in that Month and October, happen the Tuffoons (Typhones) which are such violent Storms, that no Ships venture out of the Harbour, during that Time.
** 1759, An Universal History, from the Earliest Account of Time, page 530:But without entering upon this equally dry and useless disquisition, sufficient it is that those Tuffoons, Typhons, or violent gusts of winds and storms, happen near the full or change of the moon, preceded usually by fair weather […]
** 1850, Samuel Griswold Goodrich, A History of Asia and Oceanica, page 181:The Gulf of Tonquin and the adjacent seas are noted for dreadful whirlwinds, called tuffoons or typhoons. After calm weather, they are announced by a small black cloud in the north-east, with a copper-colored margin, which […]
** 1900, William Dampier, Dampier's Voyages: Consisting of a New Voyage Round the World, a Supplement to the Voyage Round the World. Two Voyages to Campeachy, a Discourse of Winds, a Voyage to New Hollard, and a Vindication, in Answer to the Chimerical Relation of William Funnell, page 586:Tuffoons are a particular kind of violent Storms, blowing on the coast of Tonquin, and the neighbouring Coasts in the Months of July, August, and September. They commonly happen near the Full or Change of the Moon, and are usually […]

### References

* “tuffoon”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# cornérisai
## French
### Pronunciation

* Homophones: cornérisé, cornérisée, cornérisées, cornériser, cornérisés, cornérisez

### Verb

cornérisai
* first-person singular past historic of cornériser
# Friases
## English
### Proper noun

Friases
* plural of Frias

### Anagrams

* fraises, sea firs
# 红点
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 红点 – see 紅點 (“red spot”). (This term is the simplified form of 紅點).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# émargerions
## French
### Verb

émargerions
* first-person plural conditional of émarger
# 真當
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Wu (Hangzhou, Wugniu): $^1$tsen-tan$_1$
* Wu
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tsen-tan$_1$
*** MiniDict: tsen$^平$ tan$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sen³³ tɑŋ³⁴/

### Adverb

真當
* (Hangzhounese) really; truly
       This young fellow is certainly great.

#### Synonyms

* (Standard) 當真／当真 (dàngzhēn)
# 蹦蹦床
## Chinese

| | | to jump; bounce or hop | to jump; bounce or hop | bed; couch; (a measure word) |
| trad. (蹦蹦床/蹦蹦牀) | trad. (蹦蹦床/蹦蹦牀) | 蹦 | 蹦 | 床/牀 |
| simp. (蹦蹦床) | simp. (蹦蹦床) | 蹦 | 蹦 | 床 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bèngbèngchuáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄥˋ ㄅㄥˋ ㄔㄨㄤˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bèngbèngchuáng → bèngbengchuáng (toneless variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄥˋ ㄅㄥˋ ㄔㄨㄤˊ → ㄅㄥˋ ˙ㄅㄥ ㄔㄨㄤˊ (toneless variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bèngbe̊ngchuáng
*** Wade–Giles: pêng$^4$-pêng$^5$-chʻuang$^2$
*** Yale: bèng-beng-chwáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: benq.benqchwang
*** Palladius: бэнбэнчуан (bɛnbɛnčuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/ → /pɤŋ⁵¹ b̥ɤŋ¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

### Noun

蹦蹦床
* (informal) Alternative name for 蹦床 (bèngchuáng, “trampoline”).
# 珟

| 珟 | U+73DF, &#29663; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-73DF |
| ← 珞 [U+73DE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 珠 → [U+73E0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

珟 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一土竹弓弓 (MGHNN), composition ⿰𤣩夙)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 730, character 28
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20954
* Dae Jaweon: page 1142, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1112, character 6
* Unihan data for U+73DF

## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 珟 – see 玊 (“jade with defects; jade carver; jade sculptor; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 玊).
# tuffons
## English
### Noun

tuffons
* plural of tuffon
# cornérisait
## French
### Pronunciation

* Homophones: cornérisaient, cornérisais

### Verb

cornérisait
* third-person singular imperfect indicative of cornériser
# 真白
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of 真白 – see the following entry. :
| 【真まっ白しろ】 | [adjective] pure white, snow-white, perfectly white [noun] pure whiteness Alternative spelling まっ白 |
(This term, 真白, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# aboliades
## Galician
### Verb

aboliades
* second-person plural imperfect indicative of abolir
# Friberg
## English
### Proper noun

Friberg (plural Fribergs)
* A surname.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Friberg is the 21483rd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1216 individuals. Friberg is most common among White (93.09%) individuals.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From the farm name Friborg in Levanger, of uncertain origin.

### Proper noun

Friberg ?
* a surname

### References

* Olav Veka (2000) “Friberg”, in Norsk etternamnleksikon (in Norwegian Nynorsk), →ISBN
# 義務づける
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 義 | 務 |
| ぎ Grade: 5 | む Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Verb

義(ぎ)務(む)づける • (gimuzukeru) ichidan (stem 義(ぎ)務(む)づけ (gimuzuke), past 義(ぎ)務(む)づけた (gimuzuketa))
* Alternative form of 義務付ける (“obligate”)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 義務づけ | ぎむづけ | gimuzuke |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 義務づけ | ぎむづけ | gimuzuke |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 義務づける | ぎむづける | gimuzukeru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 義務づける | ぎむづける | gimuzukeru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 義務づけれ | ぎむづけれ | gimuzukere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 義務づけよ¹ 義務づけろ² | ぎむづけよ¹ ぎむづけろ² | gimuzukeyo¹ gimuzukero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 義務づけられる | ぎむづけられる | gimuzukerareru |
| Causative | 義務づけさせる 義務づけさす | ぎむづけさせる ぎむづけさす | gimuzukesaseru gimuzukesasu |
| Potential | 義務づけられる 義務づけれる³ | ぎむづけられる ぎむづけれる³ | gimuzukerareru gimuzukereru³ |
| Volitional | 義務づけよう | ぎむづけよう | gimuzukeyō |
| Negative | 義務づけない 義務づけぬ 義務づけん | ぎむづけない ぎむづけぬ ぎむづけん | gimuzukenai gimuzukenu gimuzuken |
| Negative continuative | 義務づけず | ぎむづけず | gimuzukezu |
| Formal | 義務づけます | ぎむづけます | gimuzukemasu |
| Perfective | 義務づけた | ぎむづけた | gimuzuketa |
| Conjunctive | 義務づけて | ぎむづけて | gimuzukete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 義務づければ | ぎむづければ | gimuzukereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||
# éllanorste
## Cimbrian
### Adjective

éllanorste
* superlative degree of éllana
# 玻色子
## Chinese

* 玻色子

### Etymology

Calque of English boson.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bōsèzǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ ㄙㄜˋ ㄗˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bo$^1$ sik$^1$ zi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bōsèzǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ㄙㄜˋ ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bosèzǐh
*** Wade–Giles: po$^1$-sê$^4$-tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: bwō-sè-dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bosehtzyy
*** Palladius: босэцзы (bosɛczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sɤ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bo$^1$ sik$^1$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: bō sīk jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bo$^1$ sik$^7$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bo$^1$ xig$^1$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔː⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

### Noun

玻色子
* (physics) boson

#### Derived terms

* 希格斯玻色子 (Xīgésī bōsèzǐ)
* 標量玻色子／标量玻色子 (biāoliàng bōsèzǐ)
* 純量玻色子／纯量玻色子 (chúnliàng bōsèzǐ)
* 規範玻色子／规范玻色子 (guīfàn bōsèzǐ)
# 蹦躂
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bèngda
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄥˋ ˙ㄉㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bang$^1$ taat$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bèngda
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄥˋ ˙ㄉㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bèngdå
*** Wade–Giles: pêng$^4$-ta$^5$
*** Yale: bèng-da
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: benq.da
*** Palladius: бэнда (bɛnda)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɤŋ⁵¹ d̥ä¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bang$^1$ taat$^3$
*** Yale: bāng taat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bang$^1$ taat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: beng$^1$ tad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɐŋ⁵⁵ tʰaːt̚³/

### Verb

蹦躂
* (colloquial, literally) to bounce; to hop; to jump
* (colloquial, figuratively) to struggle; to strive
# cinks
## Latvian
### Etymology

From German Zink.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

cinks m (1st declension)
* zinc (metallic chemical element, with atomic number 30)
    cinka rūda ― zinc ore
    cinka ieguve ― zinc mining
    cinka sakausējumi ― zinc alloys
    cinka sāļi ― zinc salts
    cinka ziede ― zinc ointment
# cornérisa
## French
### Pronunciation

* Homophones: cornérisas, cornérisât

### Verb

cornérisa
* third-person singular past historic of cornériser
# abolia
## Catalan
### Verb

abolia
* first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of abolir

## Galician
### Verb

abolia
* (reintegrationist norm) first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of abolir

## Portuguese
### Verb

abolia
* first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of abolir
# tunzia
## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-tunzia (infinitive kutunzia)
* Applicative form of -tunza

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -tunzia :
| Positive present | -natunzia |
| Subjunctive | -tunzie |
| Negative | -tunzii |
| Imperative singular | tunzia |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kutunzia |
| Negative | kutotunzia |
Imperatives :
| Singular | tunzia |
| Plural | tunzieni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hutunzia |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -litunzia |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kutunzia |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tatunzia |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tatunzia |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -situnzie |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngetunzia |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singetunzia |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalitunzia |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalitunzia |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -metunzia |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshatunzia |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jatunzia |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kitunzia |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipotunzia |
| Consecutive | katunzia / positive subject concord + -katunzia |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -katunzie |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :
# 義勝
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 義 | 勝 |
| よし Grade: 5 | かつ Grade: 3 |

### Proper noun

義(よし)勝(かつ) • (Yoshikatsu)
* a male given name
# 引流
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǐnliú
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˇ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^5$ lau$^4$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ing$^2$ liu$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǐnliú
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˇ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǐnlióu
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^3$-liu$^2$
*** Yale: yǐn-lyóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiinliou
*** Palladius: иньлю (inʹlju)
*** Sinological IPA : /in²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^5$ lau$^4$
*** Yale: yáhn làuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^5$ lau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^5$ leo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn¹³ lɐu̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ing$^2$ liu$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: íng liû
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ liu⁵⁵/

### Verb

引流
* to direct flow (of water)
* (medicine) to drain (fluid)
* (commerce) to redirect customers; to refer traffic (as in referral marketing)

#### Derived terms

* 引流管 (yǐnliúguǎn)
# 玻璃骨
## Chinese

* 玻璃骨

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bōlígǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ ㄌㄧˊ ㄍㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bo$^1$ lei$^{4-1}$ gwat$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bōlígǔ → bōligǔ (toneless variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ㄌㄧˊ ㄍㄨˇ → ㄅㄛ ˙ㄌㄧ ㄍㄨˇ (toneless variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: boli̊gǔ
*** Wade–Giles: po$^1$-li$^5$-ku$^3$
*** Yale: bwō-li-gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bo.liguu
*** Palladius: болигу (boligu)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ → /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li² ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bo$^1$ lei$^{4-1}$ gwat$^1$
*** Yale: bō lēi gwāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bo$^1$ lei$^{4-1}$ gwat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bo$^1$ léi$^{4-1}$ gued$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹⁻⁵⁵ kʷɐt̚⁵/

### Noun

玻璃骨
* (pathology, informal) (～病, ～症) brittle bone disease; osteogenesis imperfecta

#### Synonyms

* 成骨不全症
# 進擊
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìnjī, jìnjí
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧ, ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon$^3$ gik$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìnjī
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìnji
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^4$-chi$^1$
*** Yale: jìn-jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinnji
*** Palladius: цзиньцзи (czinʹczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$近畿 進擊／进击
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìnjí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìnjí
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^4$-chi$^2$
*** Yale: jìn-jí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinnjyi
*** Palladius: цзиньцзи (czinʹczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$晉級／晋级 進擊／进击
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeon$^3$ gik$^1$
*** Yale: jeun gīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen$^3$ gik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zên$^3$ gig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵn³³ kɪk̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsinH kek
Rime :
| Character | 進 | 擊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 即刃切 | 古歷切 |
| Baxter | tsinH | kek |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡siɪn$^H$/ | /kek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sin$^H$/ | /kek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sjen$^H$/ | /kɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sin$^H$/ | /kɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siĕn$^H$/ | /kek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭĕn$^H$/ | /kiek̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡si̯ĕn$^H$/ | /kiek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jìn | ji |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zan$^3$ | gik$^1$ |

### Verb

進擊
* to advance; to attack

#### Synonyms

* 打擊／打击 (dǎjī)
* 抨擊／抨击 (pēngjī) (verbally or in writing)
* 搗／捣 (dǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
* 擊／击 (jī)
* 攻取 (gōngqǔ)
* 攻奪／攻夺 (gōngduó)
* 攻打 (gōngdǎ)
* 攻擊／攻击 (gōngjī)
* 暴擊／暴击 (bàojī)
* 突擊／突击 (tūjī)
* 衝鋒／冲锋 (chōngfēng)
* 襲擊／袭击 (xíjī)
* 進攻／进攻 (jìngōng)
* 開火／开火 (kāihuǒ) (figurative, verbally or in writing)
# cinmetacin
## English
### Noun

cinmetacin (uncountable)
* (pharmacology) A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
# cortahierbas
## Spanish
### Noun

cortahierbas m pl
* plural of cortahierba
# abolitionizing
## English
### Verb

abolitionizing
* present participle and gerund of abolitionize
# tubiflorous
## English
### Adjective

tubiflorous (not comparable)
* (botany) Having tubular flowers.
# 義務付ける
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 義 | 務 | 付 |
| ぎ Grade: 5 | む Grade: 5 | つ > づ Grade: 4 |
| goon | goon | kun'yomi |

### Alternative forms

* 義務づける

### Etymology

Compound of 義務 (gimu, “duty, obligation”) +‎ 付ける (tsukeru, “to stick something to something else”). The tsukeru changes to zukeru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぎむづける [gìmúzúkéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])
* IPA: [ɡʲimɯ̟zɨke̞ɾɯ̟]

### Verb

義(ぎ)務(む)付(づ)ける • (gimuzukeru) transitive ichidan (stem 義(ぎ)務(む)付(づ)け (gimuzuke), past 義(ぎ)務(む)付(づ)けた (gimuzuketa))
* require, bind, obligate, mandate
    1、出(しゅっ)国(こく)税(ぜい)の制(せい)度(ど)概(がい)要(よう)：日(に)本(ほん)の居(きょ)住(じゅう)者(しゃ)（住(じゅう)所(しょ)がある人(ひと)）で、株(かぶ)式(しき)等(とう)の金(きん)融(ゆう)資(し)産(さん)を1億(いちおく)円(えん)以(い)上(じょう)保(ほ)有(ゆう)する者(もの)が、出(しゅっ)国(こく)して非(ひ)居(きょ)住(じゅう)者(しゃ)（住(じゅう)所(しょ)がない人(ひと)）となる場(ば)合(あい)に、出(しゅっ)国(こく)時(じ)にその対(たい)象(しょう)資(し)産(さん)を譲(じょう)渡(と)したものとみなして、課(か)税(ぜい)所(しょ)得(とく)を計(けい)算(さん)し申(しん)告(こく)納(のう)税(ぜい)を義(ぎ)務(む)付(づ)ける制(せい)度(ど)です。
       1, Shukkoku zei no seido gaiyō: Nihon no kyojūsha (jūsho ga aru hito) de, kabushikitō no kin'yū shisan o ichioku-en ijō hoyū suru mono ga, shukkoku shite hi-kyojūsha (jūsho ga nai hito) to naru bāi ni, shukkokuji ni sono taishō shisan o jōto shita mono to minashite, kazei shotoku o keisan shi shinkoku nōzei o gimuzukeru seido desu.
       1. Exit tax system overview: Should a person who is a resident of Japan (someone with an address [in the country]), and who is a holder of shares or other financial assets of at least ¥100 million, exit the country and become a non-resident (someone without an address [in the country]), that person is deemed as having transferred those assets at the time of exiting the country, and this system obligates that person to calculate and report the taxable income [from that transfer].

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 義務付け | ぎむづけ | gimuzuke |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 義務付け | ぎむづけ | gimuzuke |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 義務付ける | ぎむづける | gimuzukeru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 義務付ける | ぎむづける | gimuzukeru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 義務付けれ | ぎむづけれ | gimuzukere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 義務付けよ¹ 義務付けろ² | ぎむづけよ¹ ぎむづけろ² | gimuzukeyo¹ gimuzukero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 義務付けられる | ぎむづけられる | gimuzukerareru |
| Causative | 義務付けさせる 義務付けさす | ぎむづけさせる ぎむづけさす | gimuzukesaseru gimuzukesasu |
| Potential | 義務付けられる 義務付けれる³ | ぎむづけられる ぎむづけれる³ | gimuzukerareru gimuzukereru³ |
| Volitional | 義務付けよう | ぎむづけよう | gimuzukeyō |
| Negative | 義務付けない 義務付けぬ 義務付けん | ぎむづけない ぎむづけぬ ぎむづけん | gimuzukenai gimuzukenu gimuzuken |
| Negative continuative | 義務付けず | ぎむづけず | gimuzukezu |
| Formal | 義務付けます | ぎむづけます | gimuzukemasu |
| Perfective | 義務付けた | ぎむづけた | gimuzuketa |
| Conjunctive | 義務付けて | ぎむづけて | gimuzukete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 義務付ければ | ぎむづければ | gimuzukereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 草棚棚
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cao$^3$ pong$^2$ pong$^{2-1}$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tshau-ban-ban
* Mandarin
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cao$^3$ pong$^2$ pong$^{2-1}$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: caopungpung
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰau⁵³ pʰoŋ²¹ pʰoŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tshau-ban-ban
*** MiniDict: tshau$^去$ ban ban
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tshau-ban-ban
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰɔ³³ bã⁵⁵ bã²¹/

### Noun

草棚棚
* (Sichuanese, Wu) straw mat shed

#### Synonyms

* 草棚 (cǎopéng)
* 草棚子 (cǎopéngzi)
* (Sichuan) 草棚棚兒／草棚棚儿
* (Hokkien) 草寮仔
# 草橄榄
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 草橄榄 – see 草橄欖 (“olive”). (This term is the simplified form of 草橄欖).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 耳肌
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ěrjī
    (Zhuyin): ㄦˇ ㄐㄧ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ěrjī
*** Zhuyin: ㄦˇ ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ěrji
*** Wade–Giles: êrh$^3$-chi$^1$
*** Yale: ěr-jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eelji
*** Palladius: эрцзи (erczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

### Noun

耳肌
* (anatomy) auricular muscles
# 耳聞目見
## Chinese

| | | to hear about | to see for oneself |
| trad. (耳聞目見) | trad. (耳聞目見) | 耳聞 | 目見 |
| simp. (耳闻目见) | simp. (耳闻目见) | 耳闻 | 目见 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ěrwénmùjiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄦˇ ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ěrwénmùjiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄦˇ ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ěrwúnmùjiàn
*** Wade–Giles: êrh$^3$-wên$^2$-mu$^4$-chien$^4$
*** Yale: ěr-wén-mù-jyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eelwenmuhjiann
*** Palladius: эрвэньмуцзянь (ervɛnʹmuczjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: nyiX mjun mjuwk kenH
Rime :
| Character | 耳 | 聞 | 目 | 見 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 文 (59) | 屋 (4) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 而止切 | 無分切 | 莫六切 | 古電切 |
| Baxter | nyiX | mjun | mjuwk | kenH |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵɨ$^X$/ | /mɨun/ | /mɨuk̚/ | /ken$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵɨ$^X$/ | /miun/ | /miuk̚/ | /ken$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑie$^X$/ | /miuən/ | /miuk̚/ | /kɛn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵɨ$^X$/ | /mun/ | /muwk̚/ | /kɛn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiə$^X$/ | /miuən/ | /miuk̚/ | /ken$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭə$^X$/ | /mĭuən/ | /mĭuk̚/ | /kien$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi$^X$/ | /mi̯uən/ | /mi̯uk̚/ | /kien$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ěr | wén | mù | jiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^5$ | man$^4$ | muk$^6$ | gin$^3$ |

### Idiom

耳聞目見
* to hear with one's ears and see with one's eyes; to personally see and hear
    From: 1923, 《中国共产党为吴佩孚惨杀京汉路工告工人阶级与国民》
    Gōngrénmen, nóngrénmen, quánguó bèi jūnfá hé wàilì yāpò de tóngbāomen! Èr yuè qī rì Chángxīndiàn hé Hànkǒu de dàcǎnshā, nǐmen yǐjīng ěrwénmùjiàn huò shēnlìqíjìng le. [Pinyin]
    Workers, peasants, fellow countrypeople who are oppressed by warlords and foreign powers! You might have heard about, seen, or even personally faced the massacre which took place in Changxindian and Hankou on 7 February.

#### Synonyms

* 耳聞目睹／耳闻目睹 (ěrwénmùdǔ)
# 肿胀
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 肿胀 – see 腫脹 (“to swell”). (This term is the simplified form of 腫脹).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.