# 免除
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): miǎnchú
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄔㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): min$^5$ ceoi$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bián-tû / bián-tîr / bián-tî
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: miǎnchú
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄔㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: miǎnchú
*** Wade–Giles: mien$^3$-chʻu$^2$
*** Yale: myǎn-chú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meanchwu
*** Palladius: мяньчу (mjanʹču)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: min$^5$ ceoi$^4$
*** Yale: míhn chèuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: min$^5$ tsoey$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: min$^5$ cêu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːn¹³ t͡sʰɵy̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián-tû
*** Tâi-lô: bián-tû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biefnduu
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tu²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tu²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián-tîr
*** Tâi-lô: bián-tîr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɯ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián-tî
*** Tâi-lô: bián-tî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biefndii
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ti²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti¹³/

### Verb

免除
* to prevent
* to avoid
* to remit; to excuse; to exempt; to relieve
    From: 蒼穹之昴
    Huángtàihòu dāng kě miǎnchú shèng yú, chèlián tuìyǐn, guī zhèng yú huángshàng, jíkě ānxiǎng wúqióng zhī shèng shòu. [Pinyin]
    Empress Dowager[, you] can now relieve [yourself of your] royal anxiety, remove the curtain[,] retreat [to] seclusion, [and] return the political power to His Majesty, [so that you] can enjoy an eternally peaceful and long royal life.
* to remove; to clear; to eliminate; to dispel

#### Synonyms

* (to prevent):
* 嚴防／严防 (yánfáng)
* 戒備／戒备 (jièbèi)
* 提防
* 謹防／谨防 (jǐnfáng)
* 避 (bì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 避免 (bìmiǎn)
* 防 (fáng)
* 防備／防备 (fángbèi)
* 防止 (fángzhǐ)
* 防範／防范 (fángfàn)
* 阻止 (zǔzhǐ)
* 預備／预备 (yùbèi) (literary)
* 預防／预防 (yùfáng)
* (to avoid): (to avoid in general) 避免 (bìmiǎn), (formal, to luckily avoid) 幸免 (xìngmiǎn)
* (to exempt):
* 寬免／宽免 (kuānmiǎn)
* 蠲免 (juānmiǎn) (literary)
* 豁免 (huòmiǎn)
* (to remove):
* 免
* 刷 (colloquial)
* 削 (literary, or in compounds)
* 削除 (xuēchú)
* 去掉 (qùdiào)
* 去除 (qùchú)
* 報銷／报销 (bàoxiāo) (figurative, humorous)
* 屏除 (bǐngchú)
* 廓清 (kuòqīng)
* 打掉 (dǎdiào)
* 掃／扫
* 排解 (páijiě)
* 掃除／扫除 (sǎochú) (figurative)
* 排除 (páichú)
* 摒除 (bìngchú)
* 撤 (chè)
* 撤除 (chèchú)
* 消 (xiāo)
* 消弭 (xiāomǐ) (literary)
* 消解 (xiāojiě)
* 消釋／消释 (xiāoshì) (figurative)
* 消除 (xiāochú)
* 淘汰 (táotài)
* 清洗 (qīngxǐ) (figurative)
* 清除 (qīngchú)
* 破 (pò) (literary, or in compounds)
* 破壞／破坏 (pòhuài)
* 破除 (pòchú)
* 祛除 (qūchú)
* 罷／罢
* 翦落 (jiǎnluò) (literary)
* 肅清／肃清 (sùqīng)
* 蕩／荡 (dàng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 解釋／解释 (jiěshì) (archaic)
* 解除 (jiěchú)
* 鋤／锄 (chú)
* 鏟除／铲除 (chǎnchú)
* 除
* 除去 (chúqù)
* 除忒 (Hakka)
* 除掉 (chúdiào)
* 除開／除开 (chúkāi)
* 革除 (géchú)
* 驅散／驱散 (qūsàn)
* 驅走／驱走 (qūzǒu)
* 驅除／驱除 (qūchú)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 免 | 除 |
| めん Grade: S | じょ Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 免除 (kyūjitai)

### Noun

免(めん)除(じょ) • (menjo)
* exemption

### Verb

免(めん)除(じょ)する • (menjo suru) transitive suru (stem 免(めん)除(じょ)し (menjo shi), past 免(めん)除(じょ)した (menjo shita))
* exempt

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 免除し | めんじょし | menjo shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 免除し | めんじょし | menjo shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 免除する | めんじょする | menjo suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 免除する | めんじょする | menjo suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 免除すれ | めんじょすれ | menjo sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 免除せよ¹ 免除しろ² | めんじょせよ¹ めんじょしろ² | menjo seyo¹ menjo shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 免除される | めんじょされる | menjo sareru |
| Causative | 免除させる 免除さす | めんじょさせる めんじょさす | menjo saseru menjo sasu |
| Potential | 免除できる | めんじょできる | menjo dekiru |
| Volitional | 免除しよう | めんじょしよう | menjo shiyō |
| Negative | 免除しない | めんじょしない | menjo shinai |
| Negative continuative | 免除せず | めんじょせず | menjo sezu |
| Formal | 免除します | めんじょします | menjo shimasu |
| Perfective | 免除した | めんじょした | menjo shita |
| Conjunctive | 免除して | めんじょして | menjo shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 免除すれば | めんじょすれば | menjo sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 免 | 除 |

### Noun

免除 • (myeonje) (hangeul 면제)
* hanja form of 면제 (“exemption”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 免 | 除 |

### Verb

免除
* chữ Hán form of miễn trừ (“to exempt from; to exclude from”).