# 消息
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xiāoxi, xiāoxī, xiāoxí
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ ˙ㄒㄧ, ㄒㄧㄠ ㄒㄧ, ㄒㄧㄠ ㄒㄧˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xiao$^1$ xi$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): siu$^1$ sik$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sêu-sit
* Eastern Min (BUC): siĕu-sék
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siau-sit
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siou$^1$ sêg$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shiau-shiq$_7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāoxi
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ ˙ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siaosi̊
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^1$-hsi$^5$
*** Yale: syāu-syi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiau.shi
*** Palladius: сяоси (sjaosi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi²/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāoxir
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ ˙ㄒㄧㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siaosi̊r
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^1$-hsi$^5$-ʼrh
*** Yale: syāu-syir
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiau.shiel
*** Palladius: сяосир (sjaosir)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕiə̯ɻ²/
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāoxī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siaosi
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^1$-hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syāu-syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiaushi
*** Palladius: сяоси (sjaosi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāoxí
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ ㄒㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siaosí
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^1$-hsi$^2$
*** Yale: syāu-syí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiaushyi
*** Palladius: сяоси (sjaosi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi³⁵/
* xiāoxi - noun;
* xiāoxir - “message; news; information; hidden mechanical device; earpick”.
* Middle Chinese: sjew sik
Rime :
| Character | 消 | 息 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 相邀切 | 相即切 |
| Baxter | sjew | sik |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siᴇu/ | /sɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɛu/ | /sɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjæu/ | /siek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /siaw/ | /sik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /siɛu/ | /siək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭɛu/ | /sĭək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /si̯ɛu/ | /si̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiāo | xi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | siu$^1$ | sik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ew sək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sew slɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 消 | 息 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiāo | xī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjew › | ‹ sik › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]ew/ | /*sək/ |
| English | dissolve; disappear | breathe |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 消 | 息 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13739 | 13332 |
| Phonetic component | 肖 | 息 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 宵 | 息 |
| Old Chinese | /*sew/ | /*slɯɡ/ |
| Notes | | 說文自亦聲 |
* (Hokkien) Homophone: 消失 (siau-sit)

### Noun

消息
* (countable, uncountable) message; news; information (Classifier: 條／条; 個／个)
    內部消息／内部消息 ― nèibù xiāoxi ― inside news
       Wǒ yǒu yī ge hǎo xiāoxi, hé yī ge huài xiāoxi, nǐ xiǎng xiān tīng nǎ yī ge? [Pinyin]
       I have good news and I have bad news - which one would you like to hear first?
    等你好消息。 ― Děng nǐ hǎo xiāoxi. ― Look forward to hearing the good news.
* (countable) sign; clue
    From: Huainanzi, 2nd century BCE
    Jī bó wèi hòu, jī bēi wèi gāo, gù jūnzǐ rì zīzī yǐ chéng huī, xiǎorén rì yàngyàng yǐ zhì rǔ. Qí xiāoxī yě, Lízhū fú néng jiàn yě. [Pinyin]
    Accumulating the thin makes the thick; accumulating the lowly makes the lofty. Thus, a virtuous man works diligently everyday to his splendour, and the vile man is sullen everyday to his disgrace. This is its sign, that Lizhu cannot see.
    From: Song dynasty, 陳與義 [Chen Yuyi], 懷天經智老因訪之
    Kèzǐ guāngyīn shījuàn lǐ, xìnghuā xiāoxī yǔshēng zhōng. [Pinyin]
    The time of one who lives abroad is in scrolls of poetry; the sign of apricot blossom [e.g. spring] is in the sound of rain.
    From: 1935, 魯迅 [Lu Xun], 在現代中國的孔夫子
    Cóng zhè xiāojí de dǎsuàn shàng, jiù kěyǐ kuījiàn nà xiāoxi. [Pinyin]
    From this passive intention, we can see that sign.
* (dialectal, countable) hidden mechanical device that moves other parts of the contraption when touched
    From: Yuan dynasty, 岳伯川, 《鐵拐李》
    Huǒkēng lǐ xiāoxī wǒ gǎn tà, yóuhuò nèi qiáncái wǒ gǎn ná. [Pinyin]
    The hidden contraption in the fire pit, I dare step on; the money in the oiled wok, I dare take.
    From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18th century CE
    Bùyì Liú lǎolao luàn mō zhījiān, qí lì qiǎohé, biàn zhuàngkāi xiāoxi, yǎn guò jìngzi, lòuchū mén lai. [Pinyin]
    To her surprise, Granny Liu, while randomly groping, hit the hidden contraption open with accidental force. It covered up the mirror and a door appeared.
    From: The Three Heroes and Five Gallants, 1883 CE
    Mō le duōshí, kěqiǎo shǒuzhǐ yī àn, zhǐ tīng gēyē yī shēng, jiāng xiāoxi huákāi, què shì ge zhuǎnshēnmén'ér. [Pinyin]
    He groped for a while. As luck would have it, when he pressed with his finger, only a sound was heard. He slid the hidden contraption open, yet it was a revolving door.
* (Beijing Mandarin, Hokkien) earpick

#### Usage notes

* (news): 消息 (xiāoxi) refers to news as in new information; to express the meaning of news as in reports of current events, use 新聞／新闻 (xīnwén).
* (news): In Mandarin, "news" is countable. Therefore, as one can say:
       liǎng ge xiāoxi, sān ge xiāoxi, děngděng [Pinyin]
       Two pieces of news, three pieces of news, etc.

#### Synonyms

* (information):
* 信 (literary, or in compounds)
* 信息 (xìnxī) (chiefly Mainland China)
* 情報／情报 (qíngbào) (especially in the military or espionage)
* 線索／线索 (xiànsuǒ)
* 耗 (literary, or in compounds, chiefly bad news)
* 資訊／资讯 (zīxùn) (chiefly Taiwan and Hong Kong)
* (earpick):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 耳挖子, 耳勺子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 耳挖勺兒, 耳挖子, 消息兒, 耳捻子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 耳挖子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 耳彎勺兒, 挖耳勺兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 耳勺兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 挖耳勺兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 挖耳勺兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 耳挖子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 耳挖子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 挖耳子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 挖耳子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 挖耳 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 挖耳瓢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 挖耳瓢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 耳扒, 耳挖子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 耳扒子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 耳挖 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 耳挖 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 耳挖, 耳屎捋 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 耳搭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 挖耳子, 挖耳耙子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 耳屎耙, 耳屎耙兒 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 耳屎耙子, 挖耳耙子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 耳耙仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 耳挖子 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 耳朵挖, 耳朵扒 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 挖匙子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 耳耙仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 耳扒, 耳扒囝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鉤盌, 鉤耳仔, 消息 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鉤耳仔, 消息 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鉤盌, 鉤耳仔, 消息 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 耳扒仔, 鉤耳 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 鉤耳仔 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 耳挖, 耳鉤, 挖耳 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 耳挖, 挖耳殼 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 挖耳 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 挖耳 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 挖耳 |
| Wu | Danyang | 耳朵扒子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 耳勺兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 挖耳, 耳朵彎 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 耳朵爬兒 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 耳朵挖兒, 挖耳 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 挖耳子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 挖耳子 |

#### Derived terms

* 小道消息 (xiǎodào xiāoxī)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 消(しょう)息(そく) (shōsoku)
* → Korean: 소식(消息) (sosik)

### Verb

消息
* (archaic) to increase and decrease; to ebb and flow; to rise and fall
* (archaic) to subjoin
* (archaic) to change
* (archaic) to rest; to recuperate
* (archaic) to calm down
* (archaic) to deliberate

### References

* “Entry #6293”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 消 | 息 |
| しょう Grade: 3 | そく Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

消(しょう)息(そく) • (shōsoku)
* word (news, tidings)
* recent information, developments

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 消 | 息 |

### Noun

消息 • (sosik) (hangeul 소식)
* hanja form of 소식 (“news”)