# 充牣
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chōngrèn
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ ㄖㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cung$^1$ jan$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chōngrèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ ㄖㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chongrèn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻung$^1$-jên$^4$
*** Yale: chūng-rèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chongrenn
*** Palladius: чунжэнь (čunžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʐən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cung$^1$ jan$^6$
*** Yale: chūng yahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsung$^1$ jan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cung$^1$ yen$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jɐn²²/

### Verb

充牣
* (literary) to fill; to permeate

#### Synonyms

* (to fill): 充滿／充满 (chōngmǎn)
* (literary, or in compounds) 盈 (yíng)

### Adjective

充牣
* (literary) abundant; plentiful

#### Synonyms

* 優／优 (yōu)
* 優厚／优厚 (yōuhòu)
* 充盈 (chōngyíng)
* 博大 (bódà)
* 宏富 (hóngfù) (literary)
* 富足 (fùzú)
* 寬裕／宽裕 (kuānyù)
* 從容／从容
* 滿盈／满盈 (mǎnyíng) (literary)
* 盎然 (àngrán)
* 豐厚／丰厚 (fēnghòu)
* 豐富／丰富 (fēngfù)
* 豐滿／丰满 (fēngmǎn)
* 豐盛／丰盛 (fēngshèng)
* 豐碩／丰硕 (fēngshuò)
* 豐足／丰足 (fēngzú)
* 饒／饶 (ráo)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 充 | 牣 |
| じゅう Grade: S | じん Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
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### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じゅうじん [jùújíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑɨːʑĩɴ]

### Noun

充(じゅう)牣(じん) • (jūjin)
* (archaic, rare) to fill
** 1869, Kurimoto Jōun, Hōan jisshu:
    英(アンゲレ)は交(こう)易(えき)繁(はん)盛(じょう)器(き)械(かい)充(じゅう)牣(じん)勢(せい)力(りょく)強(つよし)を以(もっ)て勝(か)ち
       Angere wa kōeki hanjō kikai jūjin seiryoku tsuyoshi o motte kachi
       The Angles won thanks to the power afforded by their complete and thriving commerce

### Verb

充(じゅう)牣(じん)する • (jūjin suru) suru (stem 充(じゅう)牣(じん)し (jūjin shi), past 充(じゅう)牣(じん)した (jūjin shita))
* (archaic, rare) to be full, be filled
** 1988 [1907], Natsume Sōseki, “Bunkei no tetsugakuteki soki [The philosophical basis of literature]”, in Natsume Sōseki zenshū 10 [Natsume Soseki collected works 10]:
    よく考(かんが)えると何(なに)にもないのに、通(つう)俗(ぞく)では森(しん)羅(ら)万(ばん)象(しょう)いろいろなものが掃(そう)蕩(とう)しても掃(そう)蕩(とう)しきれぬほど雑(ざつ)然(ぜん)として宇(う)宙(ちゅう)に充(じゅう)牣(じん)している。
       Yoku kangaeru to nani nimo nai no ni, tsūzoku de wa shinrabanshō iroiro na mono ga sōtō shite mo sōtō shikirenu hodo zatsuzen to shite uchū ni jūjin shiteiru.
       One thinks of space containing nothing, but in the common sense of the word the universe is full of such unruly chaos it cannot truly be made tidy.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 充牣し | じゅうじんし | jūjin shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 充牣し | じゅうじんし | jūjin shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 充牣する | じゅうじんする | jūjin suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 充牣する | じゅうじんする | jūjin suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 充牣すれ | じゅうじんすれ | jūjin sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 充牣せよ¹ 充牣しろ² | じゅうじんせよ¹ じゅうじんしろ² | jūjin seyo¹ jūjin shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 充牣される | じゅうじんされる | jūjin sareru |
| Causative | 充牣させる 充牣さす | じゅうじんさせる じゅうじんさす | jūjin saseru jūjin sasu |
| Potential | 充牣できる | じゅうじんできる | jūjin dekiru |
| Volitional | 充牣しよう | じゅうじんしよう | jūjin shiyō |
| Negative | 充牣しない | じゅうじんしない | jūjin shinai |
| Negative continuative | 充牣せず | じゅうじんせず | jūjin sezu |
| Formal | 充牣します | じゅうじんします | jūjin shimasu |
| Perfective | 充牣した | じゅうじんした | jūjin shita |
| Conjunctive | 充牣して | じゅうじんして | jūjin shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 充牣すれば | じゅうじんすれば | jūjin sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||