# 白首
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): báishǒu
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˊ ㄕㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baak$^6$ sau$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pe̍k-siú
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: báishǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ ㄕㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: báishǒu
*** Wade–Giles: pai$^2$-shou$^3$
*** Yale: bái-shǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bairshoou
*** Palladius: байшоу (bajšou)
*** Sinological IPA : /paɪ̯³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baak$^6$ sau$^2$
*** Yale: baahk sáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baak$^9$ sau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bag$^6$ seo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːk̚² sɐu̯³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍k-siú
*** Tâi-lô: pi̍k-siú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pegsiuo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚⁴⁻³² siu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /piɪk̚⁴⁻³² siu⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: baek syuwX
Rime :
| Character | 白 | 首 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (113) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 傍陌切 | 書九切 |
| Baxter | baek | syuwX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bˠæk̚/ | /ɕɨu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bᵚak̚/ | /ɕiu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bak̚/ | /ɕiəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /baɨjk̚/ | /ɕuw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /bɐk̚/ | /ɕiu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /bɐk̚/ | /ɕĭəu$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱɐk̚/ | /ɕi̯ə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bó | shǒu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bak$^6$ | sau$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*bˤrak l̥uʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*braːɡ hljuʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 白 | 首 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bái | shǒu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bæk › | ‹ syuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*bˁrak/ | /*l̥uʔ/ |
| English | white | head |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 白 | 首 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 207 | 11671 |
| Phonetic component | 白 | 首 |
| Rime group | 鐸 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 白 | 首 |
| Old Chinese | /*braːɡ/ | /*hljuʔ/ |

### Noun

白首
* (literary) white hair
* (literary) old age
* (literary) old people

#### Derived terms

* 白首一節／白首一节
* 白首之心
* 白首北面
* 白首同歸／白首同归
* 白首如新
* 白首無成／白首无成
* 白首相知
* 白首空歸／白首空归
* 白首窮經／白首穷经

### Verb

白首
* (literary, of a couple) to live together until the white hairs of old age; to grow old together
    From: 1740 CE, Pu Songling, Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio
    Qiè yǔ jūn wú méishuòzhīyán, fùmǔzhīmìng, yúqiángzuānxì, hé néng báishǒu? [Pinyin]
    You and I are meeting secretly without the words of a matchmaker and the commands of our parents. How can we live together until our hairs turn grey?
    From: 2019, 林家謙 [Terence Lam], 下一位前度 [NEXT]
    ning$^4$ jyun$^6$ nang$^4$ baak$^6$ sau$^2$, waan$^4$ si$^6$ baa$^6$ sau$^2$ [Jyutping]
    Would I rather be able to grow old together [with them] or let go?

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 白 | 首 |
| はく Grade: 1 | しゅ Grade: 2 |
| kan'on | goon |

#### Noun

白(はく)首(しゅ) • (hakushu)
* white hair
* old people

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 白 | 首 |
| しろ Grade: 1 | くび Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||

#### Noun

白(しろ)首(くび) • (shirokubi)
* (historical) a low class unlicensed prostitute who paints the nape of her neck with white powder
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:娼婦

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 白 | 首 |
| しら Grade: 1 | くび Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||

#### Noun

白(しら)首(くび) • (shirakubi)
* Synonym of 白首 (shirokubi, “low class unlicensed prostitute”)