# 放電
## Chinese

* 放電

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fàngdiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˋ ㄉㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fong$^3$ din$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pàng-tiān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^3$ diang$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fàngdiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˋ ㄉㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fàngdiàn
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^4$-tien$^4$
*** Yale: fàng-dyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanqdiann
*** Palladius: фандянь (fandjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^3$ din$^6$
*** Yale: fong dihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^3$ din$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^3$ din$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ³³ tiːn²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pàng-tiān
*** Tâi-lô: pàng-tiān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: parngdien
*** IPA (Xiamen): /paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tiɛn²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /paŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tiɛn²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɛn³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɛn³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^3$ diang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huàng tiăng
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tiaŋ³⁵/

### Verb

放電
* (physics) to discharge electricity
* (figurative, slang) to charm someone; to make eyes at someone; to lure; to entice
* (of children) to play outdoors (so as to "release energy")

#### Derived terms

* 尖端放電／尖端放电
* 弧放電／弧放电
* 放電率／放电率
* 輝光放電／辉光放电

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 放 | 電 |
| ほう Grade: 3 | でん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | goon |

### Etymology

Appears to be a coinage during the Meiji era, as a compound of Middle Chinese-derived components 放 (hō, “throw, release”) +‎ 電 (den, “electricity”), possibly as a calque of English discharge. First cited to the 電気訳語集 (Denki Yakugo Shū, “Electricity Translation Term Compendium”) of 1893.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーでん [hòódéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞ːdẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

放(ほう)電(でん) • (hōden)
* [from 1893] (physics) electrical discharge

### Verb

放(ほう)電(でん)する • (hōden suru) suru (stem 放(ほう)電(でん)し (hōden shi), past 放(ほう)電(でん)した (hōden shita))
* [from 1893] (physics) to discharge electricity
** 1999 March 6, “二つの口を持つ闇の支配者(ツーマウス・ダークルーラー) [Two-Mouth Dark Ruler]”, in Starter Box, Konami:
    口(くち)が二(ふた)つある恐(きょう)竜(りゅう)。ツノに蓄(ちく)電(でん)し、背(せ)中(なか)の口(くち)から放(ほう)電(でん)する。
       Kuchi ga futatsu aru kyōryū. Tsuno ni chikuden shi, senaka no kuchi kara hōden suru.
       A two-mouthed dinosaur that discharges out of the mouth on its back the electricity it stores in its horn.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 放電し | ほうでんし | hōden shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 放電し | ほうでんし | hōden shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 放電する | ほうでんする | hōden suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 放電する | ほうでんする | hōden suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 放電すれ | ほうでんすれ | hōden sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 放電せよ¹ 放電しろ² | ほうでんせよ¹ ほうでんしろ² | hōden seyo¹ hōden shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 放電される | ほうでんされる | hōden sareru |
| Causative | 放電させる 放電さす | ほうでんさせる ほうでんさす | hōden saseru hōden sasu |
| Potential | 放電できる | ほうでんできる | hōden dekiru |
| Volitional | 放電しよう | ほうでんしよう | hōden shiyō |
| Negative | 放電しない | ほうでんしない | hōden shinai |
| Negative continuative | 放電せず | ほうでんせず | hōden sezu |
| Formal | 放電します | ほうでんします | hōden shimasu |
| Perfective | 放電した | ほうでんした | hōden shita |
| Conjunctive | 放電して | ほうでんして | hōden shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 放電すれば | ほうでんすれば | hōden sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ “放電”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 放 | 電 |

### Noun

放電 • (bangjeon) (hangeul 방전)
* hanja form of 방전 (“electrical discharge”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 放 | 電 |

### Verb

放電
* chữ Hán form of phóng điện (“to discharge electricity”).