# 平地
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): píngdì
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ping$^4$ dei$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phiàng-thi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pêng-tē / pêng-tōe / pêⁿ-tē / pîⁿ-tōe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bên$^5$ di$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$bin-di
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: píngdì
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: píngdì
*** Wade–Giles: pʻing$^2$-ti$^4$
*** Yale: píng-dì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyngdih
*** Palladius: пинди (pindi)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰiŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ping$^4$ dei$^6$
*** Yale: pìhng deih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ping$^4$ dei$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ping$^4$ déi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɪŋ²¹ tei̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phiàng-thi
*** Hakka Romanization System: piang$^ˇ$ ti
*** Hagfa Pinyim: piang$^2$ ti$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰi̯aŋ¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng-tē
*** Tâi-lô: pîng-tē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pengde
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ²³⁻³³ te³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² te²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng-tōe
*** Tâi-lô: pîng-tuē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pengdoe
*** IPA (Taipei): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tue³³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêⁿ-tē
*** Tâi-lô: pênn-tē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pve'de
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pẽ²³⁻³³ te³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛ̃¹³⁻²² te²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pîⁿ-tōe
*** Tâi-lô: pînn-tuē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pvi'doe
*** IPA (Taipei): /pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ tue³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pĩ²⁴⁻²² tue⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pĩ²⁴⁻²² tue²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bên$^5$ di$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pêⁿ tī
*** Sinological IPA : /pẽ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ti¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$bin-di
*** MiniDict: bin$^去$ di
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$bin-di
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bin²² di⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: bjaeng dijH
Rime :
| Character | 平 | 地 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 符兵切 | 徒四切 |
| Baxter | bjaeng | dijH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bˠiæŋ/ | /diɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bᵚiaŋ/ | /di$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biaŋ/ | /djɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /biajŋ/ | /di$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /biɐŋ/ | /di$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭɐŋ/ | /di$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱi̯ɐŋ/ | /dʱi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | píng | dì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ping$^4$ | dei$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*breŋ|m-breŋ [l]ˤej-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*beŋ l'els/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 平 | 平 | 地 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | píng | píng | dì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjæng › | ‹ bjæng › | ‹ dij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*breŋ/ | /*m-breŋ/ | /*[l]ˁej-s/ |
| English | even (adj.) | make even | earth, ground |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 平 | 地 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9818 | 14808 |
| Phonetic component | 平 | 也 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 平 | 地 |
| Old Chinese | /*beŋ/ | /*l'els/ |

### Noun

平地
* level ground; flat ground

#### Synonyms

* (Hokkien) 平埔

### Verb

平地
* to level the ground

### Derived terms

* 不登高山，不顯平地／不登高山，不显平地
* 夷為平地／夷为平地 (yíwéipíngdì)
* 如履平地 (rú lǚ píngdì)
* 平地樓臺／平地楼台
* 萬丈高樓平地起／万丈高楼平地起 (wànzhàng gāolóu píngdì qǐ)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 平 | 地 |
| ひら Grade: 3 | ち Grade: 2 |
| yutōyomi ||
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひらち [hìráchí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çiɾa̠t͡ɕi]

#### Noun

平(ひら)地(ち) • (hirachi)
* flat land

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 平 | 地 |
| ひら Grade: 3 | じ Grade: 2 |
| yutōyomi ||
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

平(ひら)地(じ) • (hiraji)
* plain weave fabric
* part of a katana between its edge and ridge

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 平 | 地 |
| へい Grade: 3 | ち Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) へーち [hèéchí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [he̞ːt͡ɕi]

#### Noun

平(へい)地(ち) • (heichi)
* flat land

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 平 | 地 |
| へい Grade: 3 | じ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

平(へい)地(じ) • (heiji)
* (archaic) flat land

### References

* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN