# 皚

| 皚 | U+769A, &#30362; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-769A |
| ← 皙 [U+7699] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 皛 → [U+769B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

皚 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹日山一廿 (HAUMT), four-corner 2261$_8$, composition ⿰白豈)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 788, character 35
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22765
* Dae Jaweon: page 1203, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2650, character 19
* Unihan data for U+769A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 皚
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 獃 | *tŋɯː, *ŋɯː |
| 剴 | *kŋɯːl, *ŋɯːl |
| 凱 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 愷 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 塏 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 鎧 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls |
| 颽 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 暟 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 闓 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls |
| 豈 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ |
| 隑 | *ɡɯːls, *ŋɯːl |
| 皚 | *ŋɯːl |
| 嵦 | *ŋɡɯːl |
| 敳 | *ŋɯːl |
| 磑 | *ŋɯːl, *ŋuːl, *ŋuːls |
| 螘 | *ŋralʔ, *ŋɯlʔ |
| 覬 | *krɯls |
| 溰 | *ŋɯl |
| 顗 | *ŋɯlʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯːl) : semantic 白 (“white”) + phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ái (ai$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄞˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi$^4$ / ngoi$^2$ / oi$^2$ / ji$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gâi / khái
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ái
*** Zhuyin: ㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ái
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^2$
*** Yale: ái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: air
*** Palladius: ай (aj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngoi$^4$ / ngoi$^2$ / oi$^2$ / ji$^4$
*** Yale: ngòih / ngói / ói / yìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi$^4$ / ngoi$^2$ / oi$^2$ / ji$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngoi$^4$ / ngoi$^2$ / oi$^2$ / yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔːi̯²¹/, /ŋɔːi̯³⁵/, /ɔːi̯³⁵/, /jiː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâi / khái
*** Tâi-lô: gâi / khái
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gaai, qae
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡai²⁴/, /kʰai⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡai²⁴/, /kʰai⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡai¹³/, /kʰai⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡai²⁴/, /kʰai⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡai²³/, /kʰai⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: ngoj
Rime :
| Character | 皚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五來切 |
| Baxter | ngoj |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋəi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋəj/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋᴀi/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋɒi/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ŋɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ái |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngoi$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɯːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 皚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10113 |
| Phonetic component | 豈 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 皚 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋɯːl/ |

### Definitions

皚
* pure white; snow white

#### Compounds

* 白皚皚／白皑皑 (bái'ái'ái)
* 皚然／皑然
* 皚皚／皑皑 (ái'ái)

### References

* “皚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* white

#### Readings

* Go-on: がい (gai)
* Kan-on: がい (gai)
* Kun: しろい (shiroi, 皚い)、さむい (samui, 皚い)

## Korean
### Hanja

皚 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ya)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

皚: Hán Nôm readings: ngai
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.