# Δίκαιος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* Δῐκαῖος (Dikaîos)

### Etymology

From δῐ́καιος (díkaios).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dí.kai̯.os/ → /ˈði.cɛ.os/ → /ˈði.ce.os/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /dí.kai̯.os/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈdi.kɛ.os/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈði.cɛ.os/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈði.ce.os/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈði.ce.os/

### Proper noun

Δῐ́καιος • (Díkaios) m (genitive Δῐκαίου); second declension
* a male given name
** (Greek mythology) a son of Poseidon and brother of Syleus
*** c. 6th century CE, Stephanus Byzantius, Ethnica , (s.v. Δίκαια)
** (more fully Δίκαιος ὁ Θεοκύδεος (Díkaios ho Theokúdeos), “Dicaeus, the son of Theocydes”) an Athenian exile and supporter of the Medes during the Second Greco-Persian War (480–479 B.C.E.) who foretold the destruction of Xerxes’ fleet at the Battle of Salamis (480 B.C.E.)
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.65.1:ἔφη δὲ Δίκαιος ὁ Θεοκύδεος, ἀνὴρ Ἀθηναῖος φυγάς τε καὶ παρὰ Μήδοισι λόγιμος γενόμενος τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον, ἐπείτε ἐκείρετο ἡ Ἀττικὴ χώρη ὑπὸ τοῦ πεζοῦ στρατοῦ τοῦ Ξέρξεω ἐοῦσα ἔρημος Ἀθηναίων, τυχεῖν τότε ἐὼν ἅμα Δημαρήτῳ τῷ Λακεδαιμονίῳ ἐν τῷ Θριασίῳ πεδίῳ, ἰδεῖν δὲ κονιορτὸν χωρέοντα ἀπ’ Ἐλευσῖνος ὡς ἀνδρῶν μάλιστά κῃ τρισμυρίων, ἀποθωμάζειν τε σφέας τὸν κονιορτὸν ὅτεων κοτὲ εἴη ἀνθρώπων, καὶ πρόκατε φωνῆς ἀκούειν, καί οἱ φαίνεσθαι τὴν φωνὴν εἶναι τὸν μυστικὸν ἴακχον.éphē dè Díkaios ho Theokúdeos, anḕr Athēnaîos phugás te kaì parà Mḗdoisi lógimos genómenos toûton tòn khrónon, epeíte ekeíreto hē Attikḕ khṓrē hupò toû pezoû stratoû toû Xérxeō eoûsa érēmos Athēnaíōn, tukheîn tóte eṑn háma Dēmarḗtōi tôi Lakedaimoníōi en tôi Thriasíōi pedíōi, ideîn dè koniortòn khōréonta ap’ Eleusînos hōs andrôn málistá kēi trismuríōn, apothōmázein te sphéas tòn koniortòn hóteōn kotè eíē anthrṓpōn, kaì prókate phōnês akoúein, kaí hoi phaínesthai tḕn phōnḕn eînai tòn mustikòn íakkhon.1920 translation by Alfred Denis GodleyDicaeus son of Theocydes, an Athenian exile who had become important among the Medes, said that at the time when the land of Attica was being laid waste by Xerxes’ army and there were no Athenians in the country, he was with Demaratus the Lacedaemonian on the Thriasian plain and saw advancing from Eleusis a cloud of dust as if raised by the feet of about thirty thousand men. They marvelled at what men might be raising such a cloud of dust and immediately heard a cry. The cry seemed to be the “Iacchus” of the mysteries.
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.65.6:τὸν μὲν δὴ ταῦτα παραινέειν, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ κονιορτοῦ καὶ τῆς φωνῆς γενέσθαι νέφος καὶ μεταρσιωθὲν φέρεσθαι ἐπὶ Σαλαμῖνος ἐπὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον τὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων. οὕτω δὴ αὐτοὺς μαθεῖν ὅτι τὸ ναυτικὸν τὸ Ξέρξεω ἀπολέεσθαι μέλλοι. ταῦτα μὲν Δίκαιος ὁ Θεοκύδεος ἔλεγε, Δημαρήτου τε καὶ ἄλλων μαρτύρων καταπτόμενος.tòn mèn dḕ taûta parainéein, ek dè toû koniortoû kaì tês phōnês genésthai néphos kaì metarsiōthèn phéresthai epì Salamînos epì tò stratópedon tò tôn Hellḗnōn. hoútō dḕ autoùs matheîn hóti tò nautikòn tò Xérxeō apoléesthai mélloi. taûta mèn Díkaios ho Theokúdeos élege, Dēmarḗtou te kaì állōn martúrōn kataptómenos.1920 translation by Alfred Denis GodleyThus he advised, and after the dust and the cry came a cloud, which rose aloft and floated away towards Salamis to the camp of the Hellenes. In this way they understood that Xerxes’ fleet was going to be destroyed. Dicaeus son of Theocydes used to say this, appealing to Demaratus and others as witnesses.
** (more fully Δίκαιος ἐκ Ταρσοῦ (Díkaios ek Tarsoû), “Dicaeus of Tarsus”) a pupil of Panaetius
*** 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, Index Stoicorum 77.3, (= Stoicorum Historia = PHerc.1018)

#### Descendants

* → English: Dikaios
* → French: Dikæos
* → Latin: Dicaeus
* → Spanish: Diceo

### Further reading

* Δίκαιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Δίκαιος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
* Dicaeus (mythology) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Dikaios on Wikipedia.Wikipedia