# thuthuka
## Zulu
### Verb

-thuthuka$^?$
* (intransitive) to grow, to increase
* (intransitive) to progress, to develop
* (intransitive) to become important, to become influential

#### Inflection

Tone unknown :
| Infinitive | ukuthuthuka |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuthuthuka | ukungathuthuki |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | thuthuka | -thuthuke |
| Plural | thuthukani | -thuthukeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyathuthuka, ngithuthuka | engithuthukayo, engithuthuka | ngithuthuka | angithuthuki | engingathuthuki | ngingathuthuki |
| 2nd singular | uyathuthuka, uthuthuka | othuthukayo, othuthuka | uthuthuka | awuthuthuki | ongathuthuki | ungathuthuki |
| 1st plural | siyathuthuka, sithuthuka | esithuthukayo, esithuthuka | sithuthuka | asithuthuki | esingathuthuki | singathuthuki |
| 2nd plural | niyathuthuka, nithuthuka | enithuthukayo, enithuthuka | nithuthuka | anithuthuki | eningathuthuki | ningathuthuki |
| Class 1 | uyathuthuka, uthuthuka | othuthukayo, othuthuka | ethuthuka | akathuthuki | ongathuthuki | engathuthuki |
| Class 2 | bayathuthuka, bathuthuka | abathuthukayo, abathuthuka | bethuthuka | abathuthuki | abangathuthuki | bengathuthuki |
| Class 3 | uyathuthuka, uthuthuka | othuthukayo, othuthuka | uthuthuka | awuthuthuki | ongathuthuki | ungathuthuki |
| Class 4 | iyathuthuka, ithuthuka | ethuthukayo, ethuthuka | ithuthuka | ayithuthuki | engathuthuki | ingathuthuki |
| Class 5 | liyathuthuka, lithuthuka | elithuthukayo, elithuthuka | lithuthuka | alithuthuki | elingathuthuki | lingathuthuki |
| Class 6 | ayathuthuka, athuthuka | athuthukayo, athuthuka | ethuthuka | awathuthuki | angathuthuki | engathuthuki |
| Class 7 | siyathuthuka, sithuthuka | esithuthukayo, esithuthuka | sithuthuka | asithuthuki | esingathuthuki | singathuthuki |
| Class 8 | ziyathuthuka, zithuthuka | ezithuthukayo, ezithuthuka | zithuthuka | azithuthuki | ezingathuthuki | zingathuthuki |
| Class 9 | iyathuthuka, ithuthuka | ethuthukayo, ethuthuka | ithuthuka | ayithuthuki | engathuthuki | ingathuthuki |
| Class 10 | ziyathuthuka, zithuthuka | ezithuthukayo, ezithuthuka | zithuthuka | azithuthuki | ezingathuthuki | zingathuthuki |
| Class 11 | luyathuthuka, luthuthuka | oluthuthukayo, oluthuthuka | luthuthuka | aluthuthuki | olungathuthuki | lungathuthuki |
| Class 14 | buyathuthuka, buthuthuka | obuthuthukayo, obuthuthuka | buthuthuka | abuthuthuki | obungathuthuki | bungathuthuki |
| Class 15 | kuyathuthuka, kuthuthuka | okuthuthukayo, okuthuthuka | kuthuthuka | akuthuthuki | okungathuthuki | kungathuthuki |
| Class 17 | kuyathuthuka, kuthuthuka | okuthuthukayo, okuthuthuka | kuthuthuka | akuthuthuki | okungathuthuki | kungathuthuki |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngithuthukile, ngithuthukē | engithuthukile, engithuthukē | ngithuthukile, ngithuthukē | angithuthukanga | engingathuthukanga | ngingathuthukanga |
| 2nd singular | uthuthukile, uthuthukē | othuthukile, othuthukē | uthuthukile, uthuthukē | awuthuthukanga | ongathuthukanga | ungathuthukanga |
| 1st plural | sithuthukile, sithuthukē | esithuthukile, esithuthukē | sithuthukile, sithuthukē | asithuthukanga | esingathuthukanga | singathuthukanga |
| 2nd plural | nithuthukile, nithuthukē | enithuthukile, enithuthukē | nithuthukile, nithuthukē | anithuthukanga | eningathuthukanga | ningathuthukanga |
| Class 1 | uthuthukile, uthuthukē | othuthukile, othuthukē | ethuthukile, ethuthukē | akathuthukanga | ongathuthukanga | engathuthukanga |
| Class 2 | bathuthukile, bathuthukē | abathuthukile, abathuthukē | bethuthukile, bethuthukē | abathuthukanga | abangathuthukanga | bengathuthukanga |
| Class 3 | uthuthukile, uthuthukē | othuthukile, othuthukē | uthuthukile, uthuthukē | awuthuthukanga | ongathuthukanga | ungathuthukanga |
| Class 4 | ithuthukile, ithuthukē | ethuthukile, ethuthukē | ithuthukile, ithuthukē | ayithuthukanga | engathuthukanga | ingathuthukanga |
| Class 5 | lithuthukile, lithuthukē | elithuthukile, elithuthukē | lithuthukile, lithuthukē | alithuthukanga | elingathuthukanga | lingathuthukanga |
| Class 6 | athuthukile, athuthukē | athuthukile, athuthukē | ethuthukile, ethuthukē | awathuthukanga | angathuthukanga | engathuthukanga |
| Class 7 | sithuthukile, sithuthukē | esithuthukile, esithuthukē | sithuthukile, sithuthukē | asithuthukanga | esingathuthukanga | singathuthukanga |
| Class 8 | zithuthukile, zithuthukē | ezithuthukile, ezithuthukē | zithuthukile, zithuthukē | azithuthukanga | ezingathuthukanga | zingathuthukanga |
| Class 9 | ithuthukile, ithuthukē | ethuthukile, ethuthukē | ithuthukile, ithuthukē | ayithuthukanga | engathuthukanga | ingathuthukanga |
| Class 10 | zithuthukile, zithuthukē | ezithuthukile, ezithuthukē | zithuthukile, zithuthukē | azithuthukanga | ezingathuthukanga | zingathuthukanga |
| Class 11 | luthuthukile, luthuthukē | oluthuthukile, oluthuthukē | luthuthukile, luthuthukē | aluthuthukanga | olungathuthukanga | lungathuthukanga |
| Class 14 | buthuthukile, buthuthukē | obuthuthukile, obuthuthukē | buthuthukile, buthuthukē | abuthuthukanga | obungathuthukanga | bungathuthukanga |
| Class 15 | kuthuthukile, kuthuthukē | okuthuthukile, okuthuthukē | kuthuthukile, kuthuthukē | akuthuthukanga | okungathuthukanga | kungathuthukanga |
| Class 17 | kuthuthukile, kuthuthukē | okuthuthukile, okuthuthukē | kuthuthukile, kuthuthukē | akuthuthukanga | okungathuthukanga | kungathuthukanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāthuthuka | engāthuthuka | ngāthuthuka | angithuthukanga | engingathuthukanga | ngingathuthukanga |
| 2nd singular | wāthuthuka | owāthuthuka | wāthuthuka | awuthuthukanga | ongathuthukanga | ungathuthukanga |
| 1st plural | sāthuthuka | esāthuthuka | sāthuthuka | asithuthukanga | esingathuthukanga | singathuthukanga |
| 2nd plural | nāthuthuka | enāthuthuka | nāthuthuka | anithuthukanga | eningathuthukanga | ningathuthukanga |
| Class 1 | wāthuthuka | owāthuthuka | āthuthuka | akathuthukanga | ongathuthukanga | engathuthukanga |
| Class 2 | bāthuthuka | abāthuthuka | bāthuthuka | abathuthukanga | abangathuthukanga | bengathuthukanga |
| Class 3 | wāthuthuka | owāthuthuka | wāthuthuka | awuthuthukanga | ongathuthukanga | ungathuthukanga |
| Class 4 | yāthuthuka | eyāthuthuka | yāthuthuka | ayithuthukanga | engathuthukanga | ingathuthukanga |
| Class 5 | lāthuthuka | elāthuthuka | lāthuthuka | alithuthukanga | elingathuthukanga | lingathuthukanga |
| Class 6 | āthuthuka | āthuthuka | āthuthuka | awathuthukanga | angathuthukanga | engathuthukanga |
| Class 7 | sāthuthuka | esāthuthuka | sāthuthuka | asithuthukanga | esingathuthukanga | singathuthukanga |
| Class 8 | zāthuthuka | ezāthuthuka | zāthuthuka | azithuthukanga | ezingathuthukanga | zingathuthukanga |
| Class 9 | yāthuthuka | eyāthuthuka | yāthuthuka | ayithuthukanga | engathuthukanga | ingathuthukanga |
| Class 10 | zāthuthuka | ezāthuthuka | zāthuthuka | azithuthukanga | ezingathuthukanga | zingathuthukanga |
| Class 11 | lwāthuthuka | olwāthuthuka | lwāthuthuka | aluthuthukanga | olungathuthukanga | lungathuthukanga |
| Class 14 | bāthuthuka | obāthuthuka | bāthuthuka | abuthuthukanga | obungathuthukanga | bungathuthukanga |
| Class 15 | kwāthuthuka | okwāthuthuka | kwāthuthuka | akuthuthukanga | okungathuthukanga | kungathuthukanga |
| Class 17 | kwāthuthuka | okwāthuthuka | kwāthuthuka | akuthuthukanga | okungathuthukanga | kungathuthukanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingathuthuka | — | ngingathuthuka | ngingethuthuke | — | ngingethuthuke |
| 2nd singular | ungathuthuka | — | ungathuthuka | ungethuthuke | — | ungethuthuke |
| 1st plural | singathuthuka | — | singathuthuka | singethuthuke | — | singethuthuke |
| 2nd plural | ningathuthuka | — | ningathuthuka | ningethuthuke | — | ningethuthuke |
| Class 1 | angathuthuka | — | engathuthuka | angethuthuke | — | engethuthuke |
| Class 2 | bangathuthuka | — | bengathuthuka | bangethuthuke | — | bengethuthuke |
| Class 3 | ungathuthuka | — | ungathuthuka | ungethuthuke | — | ungethuthuke |
| Class 4 | ingathuthuka | — | ingathuthuka | ingethuthuke | — | ingethuthuke |
| Class 5 | lingathuthuka | — | lingathuthuka | lingethuthuke | — | lingethuthuke |
| Class 6 | angathuthuka | — | engathuthuka | angethuthuke | — | engethuthuke |
| Class 7 | singathuthuka | — | singathuthuka | singethuthuke | — | singethuthuke |
| Class 8 | zingathuthuka | — | zingathuthuka | zingethuthuke | — | zingethuthuke |
| Class 9 | ingathuthuka | — | ingathuthuka | ingethuthuke | — | ingethuthuke |
| Class 10 | zingathuthuka | — | zingathuthuka | zingethuthuke | — | zingethuthuke |
| Class 11 | lungathuthuka | — | lungathuthuka | lungethuthuke | — | lungethuthuke |
| Class 14 | bungathuthuka | — | bungathuthuka | bungethuthuke | — | bungethuthuke |
| Class 15 | kungathuthuka | — | kungathuthuka | kungethuthuke | — | kungethuthuke |
| Class 17 | kungathuthuka | — | kungathuthuka | kungethuthuke | — | kungethuthuke |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizothuthuka | engizothuthuka | ngizothuthuka | angizuthuthuka | engingezuthuthuka | ngingezuthuthuka |
| 2nd singular | uzothuthuka | ozothuthuka | uzothuthuka | awuzuthuthuka | ongezuthuthuka | ungezuthuthuka |
| 1st plural | sizothuthuka | esizothuthuka | sizothuthuka | asizuthuthuka | esingezuthuthuka | singezuthuthuka |
| 2nd plural | nizothuthuka | enizothuthuka | nizothuthuka | anizuthuthuka | eningezuthuthuka | ningezuthuthuka |
| Class 1 | uzothuthuka | ozothuthuka | ezothuthuka | akazuthuthuka | ongezuthuthuka | engezuthuthuka |
| Class 2 | bazothuthuka | abazothuthuka | bezothuthuka | abazuthuthuka | abangezuthuthuka | bengezuthuthuka |
| Class 3 | uzothuthuka | ozothuthuka | uzothuthuka | awuzuthuthuka | ongezuthuthuka | ungezuthuthuka |
| Class 4 | izothuthuka | ezothuthuka | izothuthuka | ayizuthuthuka | engezuthuthuka | ingezuthuthuka |
| Class 5 | lizothuthuka | elizothuthuka | lizothuthuka | alizuthuthuka | elingezuthuthuka | lingezuthuthuka |
| Class 6 | azothuthuka | azothuthuka | ezothuthuka | awazuthuthuka | angezuthuthuka | engezuthuthuka |
| Class 7 | sizothuthuka | esizothuthuka | sizothuthuka | asizuthuthuka | esingezuthuthuka | singezuthuthuka |
| Class 8 | zizothuthuka | ezizothuthuka | zizothuthuka | azizuthuthuka | ezingezuthuthuka | zingezuthuthuka |
| Class 9 | izothuthuka | ezothuthuka | izothuthuka | ayizuthuthuka | engezuthuthuka | ingezuthuthuka |
| Class 10 | zizothuthuka | ezizothuthuka | zizothuthuka | azizuthuthuka | ezingezuthuthuka | zingezuthuthuka |
| Class 11 | luzothuthuka | oluzothuthuka | luzothuthuka | aluzuthuthuka | olungezuthuthuka | lungezuthuthuka |
| Class 14 | buzothuthuka | obuzothuthuka | buzothuthuka | abuzuthuthuka | obungezuthuthuka | bungezuthuthuka |
| Class 15 | kuzothuthuka | okuzothuthuka | kuzothuthuka | akuzuthuthuka | okungezuthuthuka | kungezuthuthuka |
| Class 17 | kuzothuthuka | okuzothuthuka | kuzothuthuka | akuzuthuthuka | okungezuthuthuka | kungezuthuthuka |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyothuthuka | engiyothuthuka | ngiyothuthuka | angiyuthuthuka | engingeyuthuthuka | ngingeyuthuthuka |
| 2nd singular | uyothuthuka | oyothuthuka | uyothuthuka | awuyuthuthuka | ongeyuthuthuka | ungeyuthuthuka |
| 1st plural | siyothuthuka | esiyothuthuka | siyothuthuka | asiyuthuthuka | esingeyuthuthuka | singeyuthuthuka |
| 2nd plural | niyothuthuka | eniyothuthuka | niyothuthuka | aniyuthuthuka | eningeyuthuthuka | ningeyuthuthuka |
| Class 1 | uyothuthuka | oyothuthuka | eyothuthuka | akayuthuthuka | ongeyuthuthuka | engeyuthuthuka |
| Class 2 | bayothuthuka | abayothuthuka | beyothuthuka | abayuthuthuka | abangeyuthuthuka | bengeyuthuthuka |
| Class 3 | uyothuthuka | oyothuthuka | uyothuthuka | awuyuthuthuka | ongeyuthuthuka | ungeyuthuthuka |
| Class 4 | iyothuthuka | eyothuthuka | iyothuthuka | ayiyuthuthuka | engeyuthuthuka | ingeyuthuthuka |
| Class 5 | liyothuthuka | eliyothuthuka | liyothuthuka | aliyuthuthuka | elingeyuthuthuka | lingeyuthuthuka |
| Class 6 | ayothuthuka | ayothuthuka | eyothuthuka | awayuthuthuka | angeyuthuthuka | engeyuthuthuka |
| Class 7 | siyothuthuka | esiyothuthuka | siyothuthuka | asiyuthuthuka | esingeyuthuthuka | singeyuthuthuka |
| Class 8 | ziyothuthuka | eziyothuthuka | ziyothuthuka | aziyuthuthuka | ezingeyuthuthuka | zingeyuthuthuka |
| Class 9 | iyothuthuka | eyothuthuka | iyothuthuka | ayiyuthuthuka | engeyuthuthuka | ingeyuthuthuka |
| Class 10 | ziyothuthuka | eziyothuthuka | ziyothuthuka | aziyuthuthuka | ezingeyuthuthuka | zingeyuthuthuka |
| Class 11 | luyothuthuka | oluyothuthuka | luyothuthuka | aluyuthuthuka | olungeyuthuthuka | lungeyuthuthuka |
| Class 14 | buyothuthuka | obuyothuthuka | buyothuthuka | abuyuthuthuka | obungeyuthuthuka | bungeyuthuthuka |
| Class 15 | kuyothuthuka | okuyothuthuka | kuyothuthuka | akuyuthuthuka | okungeyuthuthuka | kungeyuthuthuka |
| Class 17 | kuyothuthuka | okuyothuthuka | kuyothuthuka | akuyuthuthuka | okungeyuthuthuka | kungeyuthuthuka |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngithuthuke | ngingathuthuki |
| 2nd singular | uthuthuke | ungathuthuki |
| 1st plural | sithuthuke | singathuthuki |
| 2nd plural | nithuthuke | ningathuthuki |
| Class 1 | athuthuke | angathuthuki |
| Class 2 | bathuthuke | bangathuthuki |
| Class 3 | uthuthuke | ungathuthuki |
| Class 4 | ithuthuke | ingathuthuki |
| Class 5 | lithuthuke | lingathuthuki |
| Class 6 | athuthuke | angathuthuki |
| Class 7 | sithuthuke | singathuthuki |
| Class 8 | zithuthuke | zingathuthuki |
| Class 9 | ithuthuke | ingathuthuki |
| Class 10 | zithuthuke | zingathuthuki |
| Class 11 | luthuthuke | lungathuthuki |
| Class 14 | buthuthuke | bungathuthuki |
| Class 15 | kuthuthuke | kungathuthuki |
| Class 17 | kuthuthuke | kungathuthuki |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngathuthuka | ngangathuthuka, angathuthuka, angangathuthuka |
| 2nd singular | wathuthuka | wangathuthuka, awathuthuka, awangathuthuka |
| 1st plural | sathuthuka | sangathuthuka, asathuthuka, asangathuthuka |
| 2nd plural | nathuthuka | nangathuthuka, anathuthuka, anangathuthuka |
| Class 1 | wathuthuka | wangathuthuka, akathuthuka, akangathuthuka |
| Class 2 | bathuthuka | bangathuthuka, abathuthuka, abangathuthuka |
| Class 3 | wathuthuka | wangathuthuka, awathuthuka, awangathuthuka |
| Class 4 | yathuthuka | yangathuthuka, ayathuthuka, ayangathuthuka |
| Class 5 | lathuthuka | langathuthuka, alathuthuka, alangathuthuka |
| Class 6 | athuthuka | angathuthuka, awathuthuka, awangathuthuka |
| Class 7 | sathuthuka | sangathuthuka, asathuthuka, asangathuthuka |
| Class 8 | zathuthuka | zangathuthuka, azathuthuka, azangathuthuka |
| Class 9 | yathuthuka | yangathuthuka, ayathuthuka, ayangathuthuka |
| Class 10 | zathuthuka | zangathuthuka, azathuthuka, azangathuthuka |
| Class 11 | lwathuthuka | lwangathuthuka, alwathuthuka, alwangathuthuka |
| Class 14 | bathuthuka | bangathuthuka, abathuthuka, abangathuthuka |
| Class 15 | kwathuthuka | kwangathuthuka, akwathuthuka, akwangathuthuka |
| Class 17 | kwathuthuka | kwangathuthuka, akwathuthuka, akwangathuthuka |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thuthuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thuthuka (3.2.9)”