# 濊

| 濊 | U+6FCA, &#28618; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FCA |
| ← 濉 [U+6FC9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 濋 → [U+6FCB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

濊 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 水卜一竹 (EYMH), four-corner 3115$_3$, composition ⿰氵歲)
* vast, expansive, deep
* dirty

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 654, character 33
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18454
* Dae Jaweon: page 1065, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1754, character 15
* Unihan data for U+6FCA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 噦 | *qʰʷaːds, *qʷrad, *qʷad |
| 翽 | *qʰʷaːds |
| 鐬 | *qʰʷaːds |
| 濊 | *qʰʷaːds, *qʷaːds, *qʷads, *qʰʷaːd |
| 歲 | *sqʰʷads, *sqʰʷad |
| 劌 | *kʷrads |
| 顪 | *qʰʷads |
| 穢 | *qʷads |
| 薉 | *qʷads |
| 獩 | *qʷads |
| 饖 | *qʷads |
| 奯 | *qʰʷaːd |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huì (hui$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huì
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
*** Wade–Giles: hui$^4$
*** Yale: hwèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
*** Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: xwajH, 'wajH
Rime :
| Character | 濊 | 濊 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (26) | 泰 (26) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 呼會切 | 烏外切 |
| Baxter | xwajH | 'wajH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /huɑi$^H$/ | /ʔuɑi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hʷɑi$^H$/ | /ʔʷɑi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xuɑi$^H$/ | /ʔuɑi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwaj$^H$/ | /ʔwaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xuɑi$^H$/ | /ʔuɑi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xuɑi$^H$/ | /uɑi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xuɑi$^H$/ | /ʔuɑi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huì | wèi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fui$^3$ | wui$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷaːds/, /*qʷaːds/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 濊 | 濊 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 2/4 |
| No. | 12163 | 12164 |
| Phonetic component | 歲 | 歲 |
| Rime group | 祭 | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𧬨 | 懀 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰʷaːds/ | /*qʷaːds/ |

#### Definitions

濊
* (literary, of water) vast; expansive
* (literary, of water) deep
* (literary) Alternative form of 穢／秽 (“dirty; filthy”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wèi (wei$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^4$
*** Yale: wèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^3$
*** Yale: wai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: 'jwojH
Rime :
| Character | 濊 |
| Reading # | 3/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 廢 (28) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於廢切 |
| Baxter | 'jwojH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔʉɐi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔʷiɐi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuɐi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔuaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuɐi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭwɐi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔi̯wɐi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wèi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʷads/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 濊 |
| Reading # | 3/4 |
| No. | 12170 |
| Phonetic component | 歲 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 穢 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷads/ |

#### Definitions

濊
* (historical) An ancient place and nation.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huò (huo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kut$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huò
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huò
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^4$
*** Yale: hwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
*** Palladius: хо (xo)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kut$^3$
*** Yale: kut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kut$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kud$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuːt̚³/
* Middle Chinese: xwat
Rime :
| Character | 濊 |
| Reading # | 4/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 末 (64) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 呼括切 |
| Baxter | xwat |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /huɑt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hʷɑt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xuɑt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /xuɑt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /xuɑt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xuɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fut$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰˤat/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷaːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 濊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huò |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xwat › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷʰˁat/ |
| English | sound of water |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 濊 |
| Reading # | 4/4 |
| No. | 12174 |
| Phonetic component | 歲 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 豁 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰʷaːd/ |

#### Definitions

濊
* Only used in 濊濊／𰛦𰛦 (huòhuò, “sound of fishing net hitting water”).

### Compounds

* 汪濊／汪𰛦
* 濊濊／𰛦𰛦 (huòhuò)
* 濊貊／𰛦貊 (Wèimò)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* vast, expansive, deep
* dirty

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かい (kai)、け (ke)、さい (sai)、せ (se)、わい (wai)

## Korean
### Hanja

濊 (eum 예 (ye))
* A proto-Korean ethnicity who founded Buyeo, Okjeo and Dongye. Commonly grouped with the Maek ethnicity in a collective term, Yemaek.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

濊: Hán Nôm readings: khoát, uế
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.