# 尋常
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xúncháng
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄔㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cam$^4$ soeng$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sîm-siông / sîm-siâng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xúncháng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄔㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syúncháng
*** Wade–Giles: hsün$^2$-chʻang$^2$
*** Yale: syún-cháng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyuncharng
*** Palladius: сюньчан (sjunʹčan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cam$^4$ soeng$^4$
*** Yale: chàhm sèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsam$^4$ soeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cem$^4$ sêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐm²¹ sœːŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîm-siông
*** Tâi-lô: sîm-siông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: simsioong
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /sim²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîm-siâng
*** Tâi-lô: sîm-siâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: simsiaang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sim¹³⁻²² siaŋ¹³/
* Middle Chinese: zim dzyang
Rime :
| Character | 尋 | 常 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 徐林切 | 市羊切 |
| Baxter | zim | dzyang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ziɪm/ | /d͡ʑɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zim/ | /d͡ʑiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zjem/ | /d͡ʑiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zim/ | /d͡ʑɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ziəm/ | /ʑiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭĕm/ | /ʑĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /zi̯əm/ | /ʑi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xín | cháng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cam$^4$ | soeng$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sə-l[ə]m [d]aŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ljum djaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 尋 | 常 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xún | cháng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zim › | ‹ dzyang › |
| Old Chinese | /*sə-l[ə]m/ | /*[d]aŋ/ |
| English | measure of 8 chǐ 尺 | constant |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 尋 | 常 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14127 | 11152 |
| Phonetic component | 尋 | 尚 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 尋 | 常 |
| Old Chinese | /*ljum/ | /*djaŋ/ |
| Notes | 象度兩臂間距， 說文加彡聲 | |

### Adjective

尋常
* ordinary; common
    超乎尋常／超乎寻常 ― chāohū xúncháng ― to be extraordinary; to be exceptional
    From: 《獄中感懷》, Han Yong'un, 1900s
    우락본공유심재 석가원래심상인 U rak bon gong yu sim jae, Seokga wollae simsang in. [Sino-Korean]
    Grief and joy are emptiness at heart, only the mind exists; the Buddha was originally but an ordinary man.
* (Classical) short (in distance)

#### Synonyms

* (ordinary):
* 一般 (yībān)
* 一般子 (i$^6$ ban$^1$ zr) (Xiang)
* 俗 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 凡庸 (fányōng)
* 對頭／对头 (chiefly in the negative)
* 平凡 (píngfán)
* 平常 (píngcháng)
* 平庸 (píngyōng)
* 平板 (píngbǎn)
* 平淡 (píngdàn)
* 普通 (pǔtōng)
* 正常 (zhèngcháng)
* 泛泛 (fànfàn)
* 簡單／简单 (jiǎndān)
* 通常 (tōngcháng)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “ordinary”): 奇特 (qítè), 特別／特别 (tèbié), 特殊 (tèshū)

#### Derived terms

* 不走尋常路／不走寻常路 (bù zǒu xúncháng lù)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 尋(じん)常(じょう) (jinjō)
* → Korean: 심상(尋常) (simsang)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 尋 | 常 |
| じん Grade: S | じょう Grade: 5 |
| goon ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じんじょー [jìńjóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑĩɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ː]

### Adjective

尋(じん)常(じょう) • (jinjō) -na (adnominal 尋(じん)常(じょう)な (jinjō na), adverbial 尋(じん)常(じょう)に (jinjō ni))
* ordinary, common
* pleasant, graceful
* fair, sportsmanlike

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 尋常だろ | じんじょうだろ | jinjō daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 尋常で | じんじょうで | jinjō de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 尋常だ | じんじょうだ | jinjō da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 尋常な | じんじょうな | jinjō na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 尋常なら | じんじょうなら | jinjō nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 尋常であれ | じんじょうであれ | jinjō de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 尋常ではない 尋常じゃない | じんじょうではない じんじょうじゃない | jinjō de wa nai jinjō ja nai |
| Informal past | 尋常だった | じんじょうだった | jinjō datta |
| Informal negative past | 尋常ではなかった 尋常じゃなかった | じんじょうではなかった じんじょうじゃなかった | jinjō de wa nakatta jinjō ja nakatta |
| Formal | 尋常です | じんじょうです | jinjō desu |
| Formal negative | 尋常ではありません 尋常じゃありません | じんじょうではありません じんじょうじゃありません | jinjō de wa arimasen jinjō ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 尋常でした | じんじょうでした | jinjō deshita |
| Formal negative past | 尋常ではありませんでした 尋常じゃありませんでした | じんじょうではありませんでした じんじょうじゃありませんでした | jinjō de wa arimasen deshita jinjō ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 尋常で | じんじょうで | jinjō de |
| Conditional | 尋常なら（ば） | じんじょうなら（ば） | jinjō nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 尋常だったら | じんじょうだったら | jinjō dattara |
| Volitional | 尋常だろう | じんじょうだろう | jinjō darō |
| Adverbial | 尋常に | じんじょうに | jinjō ni |
| Degree | 尋常さ | じんじょうさ | jinjōsa |

### Noun

尋(じん)常(じょう) • (jinjō)
* commonness
    Synonyms: あたりまえ (atarimae), 通常 (tsūjō), 並み (nami), 普通 (futsū)
* grace
* fairness
* (historical) Clipping of 尋常小学校 (jinjō shōgakkō, “ordinary elementary school”).

#### Derived terms

* 尋(じん)常(じょう)一(いち)様(よう) (jinjō ichiyō)
* 尋(じん)常(じょう)科(か) (jinjō-ka)
* 尋(じん)常(じょう)高(こう)等(とう)小(しょう)学(がっ)校(こう) (jinjō kōtō shōgakkō)
* 尋(じん)常(じょう)茶(さ)飯(はん) (jinjō sahan)
* 尋(じん)常(じょう)小(しょう)学(がっ)校(こう) (jinjō shōgakkō): Meiji-era term for early primary school, contrasted with 高(こう)等(とう)小(しょう)学(がっ)校(こう) (kōtō shōgakkō)
* 尋(じん)常(じょう)葉(よう) (jinjō-yō)

### References

* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 尋 | 常 |

### Noun

尋常 • (simsang) (hangeul 심상)
* hanja form of 심상

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 尋 | 常 |

### Adjective

尋常
* chữ Hán form of tầm thường (“commonplace; mediocre; trivial; ordinary”).