# 延長
## Chinese

* 延長 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 延長 (Cantonese)
* Iân-tiông-koān (Southern Min)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yáncháng
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ ㄔㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jin$^4$ coeng$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yèn-chhòng / yàn-chhòng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iân-tn̂g / iân-tiông / iân-tiâng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yáncháng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄔㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yáncháng
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^2$-chʻang$^2$
*** Yale: yán-cháng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yancharng
*** Palladius: яньчан (janʹčan)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$延長／延长 鹽場／盐场
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^4$ coeng$^4$
*** Yale: yìhn chèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^4$ tsoeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^4$ cêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn-chhòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: ien$^ˇ$ cong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$ cong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn-chhòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian$^ˇ$ cong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$ cong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân-tn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: iân-tn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iend'ngg
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn¹³⁻²² tŋ̍¹³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /iɛn²⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³⁻³³ tŋ̍²³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân-tiông
*** Tâi-lô: iân-tiông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iendioong
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³⁻³³ tiɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /iɛn²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân-tiâng
*** Tâi-lô: iân-tiâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iendiaang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn¹³⁻²² tiaŋ¹³/

### Verb

延長
* to lengthen; to extend; to prolong

#### Synonyms

* 伸長／伸长 (shēncháng)
* 延伸 (yánshēn)
* 延展 (yánzhǎn)
* 拉長／拉长 (lācháng)

#### Derived terms

* 延長線／延长线 (yánchángxiàn)
* 延長號／延长号 (yánchánghào)
* 延長記號／延长记号
* 延長賽／延长赛

### Adjective

延長
* (literary, of time) long

#### Synonyms

* 久遠／久远 (jiǔyuǎn)
* 久長／久长 (jiǔcháng) (literary or Hakka, Min)
* 延延 (yányán) (literary)
* 彌遠／弥远 (míyuǎn) (literary)
* 恆久／恒久 (héngjiǔ)
* 悠久 (yōujiǔ)
* 悠長／悠长 (yōucháng)
* 曠世／旷世 (kuàngshì) (literary)
* 永久 (yǒngjiǔ)
* 永恆／永恒 (yǒnghéng)
* 漫長／漫长 (màncháng)
* 終古／终古 (zhōnggǔ) (literary)
* 迢迢 (tiáotiáo) (literary)
* 長久／长久 (chángjiǔ)
* 長遠／长远 (chángyuǎn)

### Proper noun

延長
* (～縣) Yanchang (a county of Yan'an, Shaanxi, China)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 延 | 長 |
| えん Grade: 6 | ちょう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology 1

延 (en, “to extend”) +‎ 長 (chō, “long”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えんちょー [èńchóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]

#### Noun

延(えん)長(ちょう) • (enchō)
* An extension of length or period; lengthening
** 1948, Takashi Nagai, Kono ko o nokoshite‎:
    来(らい)世(せ)はこの世(よ)の時(じ)間(かん)の延(えん)長(ちょう)ではない。
       Raise wa kono yo no jikan no enchō de wa nai.
       The next world is not an extension of our time in this one.
* An extension of a rail line, road, etc.

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “an act of extending a length or period”): 短縮(たんしゅく) (tanshuku, “shortening”)

##### Derived terms

* 延(えん)長(ちょう)コード (enchō kōdo): extension cord
* 延(えん)長(ちょう)戦(せん) (enchōsen): extra time, extra innings
* 延(えん)長(ちょう)線(せん) (enchōsen)

#### Verb

延(えん)長(ちょう)する • (enchō suru) transitive suru (stem 延(えん)長(ちょう)し (enchō shi), past 延(えん)長(ちょう)した (enchō shita))
* To extend a length or period; to lengthen
** 1907, Natsume Sōseki, Nowaki‎:
    しかし拘(こう)泥(でい)の苦(く)痛(つう)は一(いち)日(にち)で済(す)む苦(く)痛(つう)を五(いつ)日(か)、七(なぬ)日(か)に延(えん)長(ちょう)する苦(く)痛(つう)である。
       Shikashi kōdei no kutsū wa ichinichi de sumu kutsū o itsuka, nanuka ni enchō suru kutsū de aru.
       Being so particular, however, turns agonies ending in one day into ones extending into five or seven.

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 延長し | えんちょうし | enchō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 延長し | えんちょうし | enchō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 延長する | えんちょうする | enchō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 延長する | えんちょうする | enchō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 延長すれ | えんちょうすれ | enchō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 延長せよ¹ 延長しろ² | えんちょうせよ¹ えんちょうしろ² | enchō seyo¹ enchō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 延長される | えんちょうされる | enchō sareru |
| Causative | 延長させる 延長さす | えんちょうさせる えんちょうさす | enchō saseru enchō sasu |
| Potential | 延長できる | えんちょうできる | enchō dekiru |
| Volitional | 延長しよう | えんちょうしよう | enchō shiyō |
| Negative | 延長しない | えんちょうしない | enchō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 延長せず | えんちょうせず | enchō sezu |
| Formal | 延長します | えんちょうします | enchō shimasu |
| Perfective | 延長した | えんちょうした | enchō shita |
| Conjunctive | 延長して | えんちょうして | enchō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 延長すれば | えんちょうすれば | enchō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Etymology 2
#### Proper noun

延(えん)長(ちょう) • (Enchō)
* the Enchō era, 923-931

##### See also

* 延(えん)喜(ぎ) (Engi) (era preceding Enchō)
* 承(じょう)平(へい) (Jōhei) (era following Enchō)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 延 | 長 |

### Noun

延長 • (yeonjang) (hangeul 연장)
* hanja form of 연장