# 啁

| 啁 | U+5541, &#21825; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5541 |
| ← 啀 [U+5540] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 啂 → [U+5542] |

## Translingual
### Han character

啁 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口月土口 (RBGR), four-corner 6702$_0$, composition ⿰口周)
* chirp, twitter, twittering

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 194, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3790
* Dae Jaweon: page 414, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 644, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5541

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 裯 | *tuːw, *dɯw, *do |
| 啁 | *tuːw, *rtɯːw, *tɯw |
| 禂 | *tuːwʔ |
| 綢 | *tʰuːw, *dɯw |
| 翢 | *tʰuːw, *duːw |
| 錭 | *duːw |
| 雕 | *tɯːw |
| 凋 | *tɯːw |
| 琱 | *tɯːw |
| 鯛 | *tɯːw |
| 鵰 | *tɯːw |
| 彫 | *tɯːw |
| 奝 | *tɯːw |
| 調 | *dɯːw, *dɯːws, *tɯw |
| 蜩 | *dɯːw |
| 惆 | *tʰɯw |
| 婤 | *tʰɯw, *tjɯw |
| 稠 | *dɯw |
| 椆 | *dɯw, *tjɯws |
| 周 | *tjɯw |
| 輖 | *tjɯw |
| 賙 | *tjɯw |
| 郮 | *tjɯw |
| 晭 | *tjɯwʔ |
| 倜 | *tʰɯːwɢ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhāo, zhōu, tiáo, tiào, dāo, cháo (zhao$^1$, zhou$^1$, tiao$^2$, tiao$^4$, dao$^1$, chao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄠ, ㄓㄡ, ㄊㄧㄠˊ, ㄊㄧㄠˋ, ㄉㄠ, ㄔㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaau$^1$ / zau$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhao
*** Wade–Giles: chao$^1$
*** Yale: jāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jau
*** Palladius: чжао (čžao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhou
*** Wade–Giles: chou$^1$
*** Yale: jōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jou
*** Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tiáo
*** Wade–Giles: tʻiao$^2$
*** Yale: tyáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyau
*** Palladius: тяо (tjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiào
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tiào
*** Wade–Giles: tʻiao$^4$
*** Yale: tyàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiaw
*** Palladius: тяо (tjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dao
*** Wade–Giles: tao$^1$
*** Yale: dāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dau
*** Palladius: дао (dao)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaau$^1$ / zau$^1$
*** Yale: jāau / jāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaau$^1$ / dzau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zao$^1$ / zeo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːu̯⁵⁵/, /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: traew, trjuw
Rime :
| Character | 啁 | 啁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 陟交切 | 張流切 |
| Baxter | traew | trjuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠau/ | /ʈɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚau/ | /ʈiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶau/ | /ȶiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈaɨw/ | /ʈuw/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶau/ | /ȶiu/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶau/ | /ȶĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶau/ | /ȶi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhāo | zhōu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zaau$^1$ | zau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤriw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tuːw/, /*rtɯːw/, /*tɯw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 啁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ træw › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁriw/ |
| English | twitter, noise |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 啁 | 啁 | 啁 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 17506 | 17512 | 17523 |
| Phonetic component | 周 | 周 | 周 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 幽 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 刀 | 嘲 | 輈 |
| Old Chinese | /*tuːw/ | /*rtɯːw/ | /*tɯw/ |
| Notes | 嘐啁今作嘮叨 | | |

### Definitions

啁
* (onomatopoeia) chirp; twitter

### Compounds

* 啁哳
* 啁啁
* 啁啾
* 啁嗻
* 啁噍
* 嘐啁
* 嘲啁
* 戲啁／戏啁
* 詼啁／诙啁
* 談啁／谈啁

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): とう (tō)、ちょう (chō)、ちゅう (chū)、しゅう (shū)
* Kun: たわむれる (tawamureru)

## Korean
### Hanja

啁 • (jo, ju) (hangeul 조, 주, revised jo, ju, McCune–Reischauer cho, chu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.