# 怩

| 怩 | U+6029, &#24617; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6029 |
| ← 怨 [U+6028] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 怪 → [U+602A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

怩 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心尸心 (PSP), four-corner 9701$_1$, composition ⿰忄尼)
* shy, timid, bashful
* look ashamed

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 382, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10481
* Dae Jaweon: page 711, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2287, character 16
* Unihan data for U+6029

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 怩 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 泥 | *niːl, *niːls |
| 屔 | *niːl |
| 苨 | *niːlʔ |
| 坭 | *niːlʔ |
| 迡 | *niːls |
| 埿 | *braːms, *niːl, *niːls |
| 旎 | *nilʔ |
| 狔 | *nilʔ |
| 抳 | *nilʔ |
| 尼 | *nil |
| 呢 | *nil |
| 怩 | *nil |
| 柅 | *nil, *nilʔ |
| 蚭 | *nil |
| 跜 | *nil |
| 秜 | *nil |
| 痆 | *rniːd |
| 昵 | *niɡ |

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ni (“red”). Cognate with 恥 (OC *n̥ʰɯʔ, “shame, disgrace”), as well as Burmese နီ (ni, “red”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ní (ni$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): nei$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ní
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ní
*** Wade–Giles: ni$^2$
*** Yale: ní
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ni
*** Palladius: ни (ni)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nei$^4$
*** Yale: nèih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nei$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: néi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /nei̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: nrij
Rime :
| Character | 怩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (17) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 女夷切 |
| Baxter | nrij |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳˠiɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳᵚi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /niɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳji/ |
| Li Rong | /nji/ |
| Wang Li | /ni/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ni/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ní |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nei$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*nr[əj]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*nil/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 怩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | ní |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nrij › |
| Old Chinese | /*nr[əj]/ |
| English | ashamed |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 怩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9430 |
| Phonetic component | 尼 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 尼 |
| Old Chinese | /*nil/ |

### Definitions

怩
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 忸忸怩怩
* 忸怩 (niǔní)
* 忸怩作態／忸怩作态

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: に (ni)
* Kan-on: じ (ji)
* Kun: はず (hazu)

## Korean
### Hanja

怩 • (ni>i) (hangeul 니>이, revised ni>i, McCune–Reischauer ni>i, Yale ni>i)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

怩: Hán Nôm readings: náy
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.