# tīrs
## Latvian
### Etymology

From the past tense stem *tīr- of an earlier verb *tirt (“to rub”), from Proto-Baltic *tir-, from the zero grade *tr̥- of Proto-Indo-European *ter- (“to rub, to rub by turning, twisting; to turn, to drill”), whence also Latvian trīt (“to whet”), and also Russian тереть (teretʹ, “to rub, to scrub”), dialectal тирать (tiratʹ). Cognates include Lithuanian tyrùs (“bright, light, clean; fresh; without vegetation, empty”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tīːɾs]
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### Adjective

tīrs (definite tīrais, comparative tīrāks, superlative vistīrākais, adverb tīri)
* (of objects) clean (which is not dirty, has no stains, no undesirable substances, etc.)
    tīrs apģērbs, galdauts ― clean clothing, tablecloth
    tīra glāze ― clean glass
    tīra grīda ― clean floor
    tīra istaba ― clean room
    tīrs ciemats ― clean village
    Kārlis nolēma uzklāt gultai tīrus palagus ― Kārlis decided to put clean sheets on the bed
    lai turētu mājas arvien tīras, lapas sagrāba un sakrāva orēs ― in order to keep the house(s) always clean, he gathered all the leaves and shoveled them into carts
* (of living beings, their bodies) clean (such that it has no dirt, stains, etc. on any body part, clothes, etc.)
    tīras rokas ― clean hands
    tīri mati ― clean hair
    tīrs suns ― clean dog
    strēlnieki dzied klusu, sejas tīras, skūtas ― the riflemen sing quiently, (their) faces clean, shaven
    kaķis ir vienmēr vientuļš apdzīvotā mājā, vienmēr skaists un tīrs ― the cat is always lonely in an inhabited house, always nice and clean
* (of substances) pure, clean (not containing any unnecessary or undesirable impurities)
    tīrs zelts ― pure gold
    tīrs parafīns ― pure paraffin
    tīrs māls ― pure clay
    ķīmiski tīrs benzols ― chemically pure benzene
    tīrs ūdens, gaiss ― clean water, air
    ūdens silts un tīrs; katru akmentiņu un lielāku smilšu graudu var skaidri cauri redzēt ― the water is warm and clean; every little stone or larger grain of sand can be clearly seen through (it)
* (of technology) clean (such that it does not pollute the environment)
    jauniem enerģijas avotiem jāatbilst divām pamatprasībām: tiem jābūt spēcīgiem un ekoloģiski tīriem ― new energy sources must meet two basic requirements: they must be powerful and ecologically clean
* clean, empty, clear (in which something is not; which is not filled with, taken by, something; from which something was removed)
    no nezālēm tīra augsne ― soil clean of weeds
    tīrā papuve ― the clean fallow (= with no crops)
    tīra papīra lapa ― clean, empty page (= with nothing written on it)
    tīra tāfele ― clean, empty blackboard
    tīrs audekls ― clean, empty canvas
    debesis bija tīras, neviena mākonīša ― the sky was clear, not a single little cloud
* (of money, resources) net (calculated by excluding certain component elements)
    tīrais ienākums ― net income
    tīrais laiks ― net time
    tīrā produkcija ― net production
    vecais aprēķināja, ka saņēmis trīspadsmit latus un deviņdesmit vienu santīmu un, ja atskaitīja ceļa naudu, tad tīrā peļņa tik un tā iznāca vairāk nekā divpadsmit latu ― the old man calculated that, having received thirty lats and ninety-one cents, if one deducts the travel money, then the net profit would come to more than twentyt lats
* (of living beings) pure (such that no other species are involved in its origin)
    tīras koku un krūmu sugas ― pure tree and shrub species
    tīras rases ― pure races
    tīras vietējās bites ― pure local bees
    tīras asinis ― pure blood (e.g., horse)
* (of people) pure, genuine, real (such that no other ethnic or social group, no other kinds of people are involved in a person's origin)
    tīrs latvietis ― a pure, genuine Latvian
    tīrs aristokrāts ― a pure, genuine aristocrat
    tīrs pilsētnieks ― a real, genuine city person
* (of topics) pure (existing by itself, without depending on others; not applied, not used for some goal outside of itself)
    tīrā matemātika ― pure mathematics
    tīrā zinātne ― pure science
    tīrā māksla ― pure art
* clean, pure, perfect (fully meeting a certain set of requirements, criteria, ideals, etc.)
    tīrs tonis ― pure tone
    tīrs soprāns ― pure soprano
    baltu gaismu sadalot spektrā, iegūst tīrās spektrālās krāsas ― splitting white light into a spectrum, one obtains pure spectral colors
    Annas Sakses valoda bija vicaur gramatiski pareiza, tīra un labskanīga ― Anna Sakse's language was grammatically correct, pure and well-sounding throughout
    tie bija jauni cilvēki, ar labu apņemšanos, tīrām biogrāfijām un teicamiem raksturojumiem ― these were young people, committed to good, with clean, pure biographies and excellent characters
    nav brīnums, ka jūsu mājā jaunā paaudze runā tīru latviešu valodu ― no wonder that the young generation in your house speaks pure Latvian
* (of people, their behavior) pure, innocent (which corresponds consistently to certain moral norms or ideals)
    tīra sirdsapziņa ― a clean conscience
    tīra dzīve ― a clean, pure life
    tīras jūtas ― pure, innocent feelings
    tīrs prieks ― pure, innocent joy
    tīra dvēsele ― pure, innocent soul
    tīra sirds ― pure heart
    domāju par Anitu, kāda viņa bija tad, kad tu viņu atvedi pie mums: tāda tīra, skaidra kā bērns ― I thought about Anita as she was when you brought her to us; pure and clear (= innocent) as a child
    tādai vajag būt mīlestībai: tīrai; lai nav ko kaunēties ― such love should be: pure; so that there is nothing to be ashamed of
    viņas smiekli ir tik tīri kā bērnam ― her laugh is as pure as a child's
    ja es vēl ilgāk klusēšu, spēle vairs nebūs tīra, Sala domāja ― if I keep silent any longer, the game will not be clean (= honest) anymore
* (usually definite forms) pure, sheer, perfect (which has all the relevant features and characteristics of its type)
    tīrā patiesība ― the pure, sheer, naked truth
    tīrā laime ― pure, sheer happiness
    tīrā nejaušība ― sheer coincidence
    tīrās muļķības ― pure, utter nonsense, stupidity
    “jūs vēl esat tik jauniņa”, viņš sacīja, “vēl tīrais bērns” ― you are still so young, he said, still just (lit. a pure) child

#### Synonyms

* (of "pure" (people, behavior)): nevainīgs
* (of "clear" (liquid, air)): skaidrs, dzidrs
* (of "corresponding to certain ideals"): īsts

#### Antonyms

* netīrs

#### Derived terms

* tīrība
* tīrīgs, tīrīgums
* tīrums

#### Related terms

* tīrīt
* tīrītājs, tīrītāja
* tīrītava

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “tīrs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN