# 破裂
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pòliè
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄛˋ ㄌㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): po$^3$ lit$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pho-lie̍t
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phò͘-lia̍t / phò-lia̍t / phòa-li̍h
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pòliè
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ ㄌㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pòliè
*** Wade–Giles: pʻo$^4$-lieh$^4$
*** Yale: pwò-lyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pohlieh
*** Palladius: поле (pole)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: po$^3$ lit$^6$
*** Yale: po liht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: po$^3$ lit$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: po$^3$ lid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔː³³ liːt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pho-lie̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: po lied
*** Hagfa Pinyim: po$^4$ liad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰo⁵⁵ li̯et̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phò͘-lia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: phòo-lia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phorliat
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛt̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phò-lia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: phò-lia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoirliat
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰo²¹⁻⁵³ liɛt̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰo²¹⁻⁵³ liɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ liɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰo¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛt̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phòa-li̍h
*** Tâi-lô: phuà-li̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoarlih
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰua²¹⁻⁵³ liʔ⁴/

### Verb

破裂
* (of vessel or pipe etc.) to burst; to rupture; to break
* (figurative, of relationship etc.) to break down; to break through
    婚姻破裂 ― hūnyīn pòliè ― breakdown of marriage

#### Synonyms

* (break down): 分裂 (fēnliè), 決裂／决裂 (juéliè)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “break down”): 團結／团结 (tuánjié), 統一／统一 (tǒngyī)

#### Derived terms

* 破裂音 (pòlièyīn)

#### See also

* 爆裂 (bàoliè)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 破 | 裂 |
| は Grade: 5 | れつ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はれつ [hàrétsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠ɾe̞t͡sɨ]

### Noun

破(は)裂(れつ) • (haretsu)
* explosion, bursting, rupture

### Verb

破(は)裂(れつ)する • (haretsu suru) suru (stem 破(は)裂(れつ)し (haretsu shi), past 破(は)裂(れつ)した (haretsu shita))
* explode, burst, or rupture

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 破裂し | はれつし | haretsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 破裂し | はれつし | haretsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 破裂する | はれつする | haretsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 破裂する | はれつする | haretsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 破裂すれ | はれつすれ | haretsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 破裂せよ¹ 破裂しろ² | はれつせよ¹ はれつしろ² | haretsu seyo¹ haretsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 破裂される | はれつされる | haretsu sareru |
| Causative | 破裂させる 破裂さす | はれつさせる はれつさす | haretsu saseru haretsu sasu |
| Potential | 破裂できる | はれつできる | haretsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 破裂しよう | はれつしよう | haretsu shiyō |
| Negative | 破裂しない | はれつしない | haretsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 破裂せず | はれつせず | haretsu sezu |
| Formal | 破裂します | はれつします | haretsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 破裂した | はれつした | haretsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 破裂して | はれつして | haretsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 破裂すれば | はれつすれば | haretsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN