# 徐

| 徐 | U+5F90, &#24464; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F90 |
| ← 徏 [U+5F8F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 徑 → [U+5F91] |

## Translingual
### Han character

徐 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹人人一木 (HOOMD), four-corner 2829$_4$, composition ⿰彳余)

#### Derived characters

* 𡲰 𣻄 𣉹 𪹘 𬁊 𭞃 蒣

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 367, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10110
* Dae Jaweon: page 690, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 825, character 14
* Unihan data for U+5F90

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 徐 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 斜 | *lja, *laː |
| 茶 | *rlaː |
| 荼 | *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː |
| 梌 | *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 搽 | *rlaː |
| 塗 | *rlaː, *l'aː |
| 佘 | *ɦlja |
| 賒 | *hljaː |
| 畬 | *hljaː, *la |
| 舍 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 捨 | *hljaːʔ |
| 騇 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 涻 | *hljaːs |
| 稌 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ |
| 悇 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las |
| 庩 | *l̥ʰaː |
| 捈 | *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 途 | *l'aː |
| 酴 | *l'aː |
| 駼 | *l'aː |
| 鵌 | *l'aː, *la |
| 涂 | *l'aː, *l'a |
| 嵞 | *l'aː |
| 峹 | *l'aː |
| 筡 | *l'aː, *l̥ʰa |
| 蒤 | *l'aː |
| 徐 | *lja |
| 俆 | *lja |
| 敘 | *ljaʔ |
| 漵 | *ljaʔ |
| 除 | *l'a, *l'as |
| 篨 | *rla |
| 滁 | *rla |
| 蒢 | *rla |
| 蜍 | *ɦlja, *la |
| 鵨 | *hljaː |
| 瑹 | *hlja |
| 余 | *la |
| 餘 | *la |
| 艅 | *la |
| 狳 | *la |
| 雓 | *la |
| 悆 | *las |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lja) : semantic 彳 (“walk slowly”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xú (xu$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xu$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ceoi$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tui$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qy$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhì
    (Hailu, HRS): ci
    (Meixian, Guangdong): qi$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xy$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): cṳ̌
* Eastern Min (BUC): sṳ̀
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cy$^2$ / sy$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhî / sû / sîr / sî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ce$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zhi
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): si$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xú
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syú
*** Wade–Giles: hsü$^2$
*** Yale: syú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyu
*** Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xu$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xy
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceoi$^4$
*** Yale: chèuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵy̯²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: tui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰui²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qy$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhì
*** Hakka Romanization System: qi$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ci
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: qi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xy$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕy¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cṳ̌
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̀
*** Sinological IPA : /sy⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cy$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰy¹³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sy$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬy¹³/
* cy2 - vernacular;
* sy2 - literary (including surname).
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit徐 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕy³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕy²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕy⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕy⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /sy⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /sy⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕy²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕy²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕy⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕy⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕy³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡sʰy²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /sz̩ʷ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕy¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕy¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕy³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ʑi²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zi¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zz̩ʷ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /zei³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰi⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /si¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɕy¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰi¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sʰi¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰøy²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰy²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰøy²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /su³⁵/ /t͡sʰi³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sy⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sy²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /si³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: zjo
Rime :
| Character | 徐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 似魚切 |
| Baxter | zjo |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /zɨʌ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ziɔ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ziɔ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zɨə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /ziɔ/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭo/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /zi̯wo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ceoi$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sə.la/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lja/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 徐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zjo › |
| Old Chinese | /*sə.la/ |
| English | walk slowly |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 徐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15782 |
| Phonetic component | 余 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 徐 |
| Old Chinese | /*lja/ |

### Definitions

徐
* slowly; quietly; calmly
* composed; poised
* Short for 徐州 (Xúzhōu, “Xuzhou”).
* a surname
    徐霞客 ― Xú Xiákè ― Xu Xiake (Ming dynasty travel writer)

### Compounds

* 不疾不徐
* 于徐
* 半老徐娘 (bànlǎoxúniáng)
* 城北徐公
* 執徐／执徐
* 巴徐 (Bāxú)
* 徐劉／徐刘 (Xúliú)
* 徐古 (Xúgǔ)
* 徐周 (Xúzhōu)
* 徐墩 (Xúdūn)
* 徐娘 (xúniáng)
* 徐娘半老 (xúniángbànlǎo)
* 徐家 (Xújiā)
* 徐家山 (Xújiāshān)
* 徐家棚 (Xújiāpéng)
* 徐州 (Xúzhōu)
* 徐庾體／徐庾体
* 徐徐 (xúxú)
* 徐樓／徐楼 (Xúlóu)
* 徐橋／徐桥 (Xúqiáo)
* 徐步 (xúbù)
* 徐母罵曹／徐母骂曹
* 徐穉置芻／徐穉置刍
* 徐緩／徐缓
* 徐行 (xúxíng)
* 徐風／徐风
* 徐黃／徐黄 (Xúhuáng)
* 清風徐來／清风徐来
* 紆徐／纡徐
* 緩步徐行／缓步徐行
* 舒徐
* 虛徐／虚徐
* 高徐 (Gāoxú)

### Descendants

* → English: Xu, Hsu, Chui, Tsui, Zee, Chee

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* slow, gradual

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょ (jo, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょ (sho)
* Kun: おもむろ (omomuro, 徐ろ)、おもむろに (omomuro ni, 徐ろに)、おそい (osoi, 徐い)

#### Derived terms

* 徐(じょ)々(じょ) (jojo, “slowly”)
* 徐(じょ)行(こう) (jokō, “go slowly”)
* 徐(おもむろ)に (omomuro ni, “slowly”)

## Korean
### Hanja

徐 (eumhun 천천히 서 (cheoncheonhi seo))
* slow
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 서서 (徐徐, seoseo, “slowly;gradually”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

徐: Hán Nôm readings: từ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.