# aliqui
## Latin
### Etymology

From ali- (“some-”) +‎ quī (“which”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈa.li.kʷiː/, [ˈälʲɪkʷiː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.li.kwi/, [ˈäːlikwi]

### Determiner

aliquī or aliquis (feminine aliqua, neuter aliquod); indeclinable portion with a relative/interrogative pronoun
* (determiner) some, any
* (pronoun) someone, something, anyone, anything

#### Declension

Indefinite determiner.
$^1$Normatively, aliquī is a determiner (used adjectivally) and aliquis is a pronoun (used substantively), but the opposite usages can be found, even among the best Classical writers. $^2$The feminine nominative singular form is usually aliqua, but there are a handful of possible examples of aliquae as a feminine nominative singular form; see Citations:aliquae. The feminine nominative plural can only be aliquae, and there are perhaps no solid examples of the neuter nominative/accusative plural taking any form other than aliqua. $^3$Alternative spelling aliquoius (used in Republican Latin or earlier). $^4$Alternative spelling aliquoi (used in Republican Latin or earlier). $^5$Alternative spelling aliqueis (used in Republican Latin or earlier).

#### Derived terms

* *alicūnus (Vulgar Latin)

#### Related terms

| type | demonstrative | demonstrative | demonstrative | anaphoric | identity | interrogative/ relative | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | negative | other |
| type | proximal | medial | distal | anaphoric | identity | interrogative/ relative | relative | indefinite | free choice | universal | negative polarity | negative | other |
| basic | hic | iste, istic | ille, illic | is | ipse, īdem | quis/quī | quisquis, quīcumque | quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiam | quīvis, quīlibet | quisque | quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam | nēmō, nihil, nūllus | alius |
| dual | | | | | | uter | utercumque | alteruter | utervīs, uterlibet | uterque | | neuter | alter |
| place | hīc | istīc | illīc | ibī̆ | ibī̆dem | ubī̆ | ubiubi, ubī̆cumque | alicubī, uspiam | ubivīs, ubilibet | ubīque | usquam | nusquam, nūllibī | alibī, aliās |
| source | hinc | istinc | illinc | inde | indidem | unde | undecumque, undeunde | alicunde | °undelibet | undique | | | aliunde |
| destination | hūc, °hōrsum | istūc, °istōrsum | illūc, °illōrsum | eō | eōdem | quō, quōrsum | quōquō, quōcumque | aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum | quōvīs, quōlibet | | quōquam | nusquam, nūllōrsum | aliō, aliōrsum |
| method, means, path, place | hāc | istāc | illāc | eā | eādem | quā | quāquā, quācumque | aliquā | quāvīs, quālibet | quāque | | nēquāquam, haudquāquam | aliā |
| manner | hōc modō | istō modō | illō modō | ita, sīc, eō modō | item, itidem | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque | quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō | quōmodolibet | utīque | ūllō modō | nūllō modō | aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō |
| time | num, nunc | | ōlim | tum, tunc | simul | quandō, ‡cum | cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque | quondam, aliquandō | quandōlibet | quandōque | umquam | numquam | aliās |
| quantity | | | | tam | †tamen, †tandem | quam | †quamquam | aliquam | quamvīs, quamlibet | | | | |
| size | | | | tantus | tantusdem | quantus | quantuscumque | aliquantus | quantusvīs, quantuslibet | | | | |
| quality | | | | tālis | | quālis | quālis, quāliscumque | aliquālis | quālislibet | | | | |
| number | | | | tot | totidem | quot | quotquot, quotcumque | aliquot | quotlibet | | | | |
| order | | | | totus | | quotus | quotuscumque | aliquotus | quotuslibet | | | | |
| repetition | | | | totiēns | | quotiēns | quotiēnscumque | aliquotiēns | quotiēnslibet | | | | |
| multiplication | | | | totuplex | | quotuplex | | | | | | | |
| † Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare ‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative ||||||||||||||

### References

* “aliqui”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “aliqui”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* aliqui in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) make way for any one: (de via) decedere alicui (ambiguous) to meet any one: obviam ire alicui (ambiguous) to go to meet some one: obviam venire alicui (ambiguous) to send to meet a person: obviam alicui aliquem mittere (ambiguous) a crowd throngs around some one: multitudo circumfunditur alicui (ambiguous) to have time for a thing: tempus habere alicui rei (ambiguous) to devote time to anything: tempus tribuere alicui rei (ambiguous) to listen to a person: aures praebere alicui (ambiguous) to whisper something in a person's ears: in aurem alicui dicere (insusurrare) aliquid (ambiguous) to come to some one's ears: ad aures alicuius (not alicui) pervenire, accidere (ambiguous) to break a person's neck: cervices (in Cic. only in plur.) frangere alicui or alicuius (ambiguous) to give one's hand to some one: manum (dextram) alicui porrigere (ambiguous) to lay violent hands on a person: manus inicere, inferre, afferre alicui (ambiguous) to wrest from a person's hand: ex or de manibus alicui or alicuius extorquere aliquid (ambiguous) to dazzle a person: oculorum aciem alicui praestringere (also simply praestringere) (ambiguous) to show oneself to some one: se in conspectum dare alicui (ambiguous) to suffocate a person: spiritum intercludere alicui (ambiguous) to be older than: aetate alicui antecedere, anteire (ambiguous) to make a person laugh: risum elicere (more strongly excutere) alicui (ambiguous) to move to tears: lacrimas or fletum alicui movere (ambiguous) to perform the last rites for a person: iusta facere, solvere alicui (ambiguous) to carry out the funeral obsequies: funus alicui facere, ducere (Cluent. 9. 28) (ambiguous) to give funeral games in honour of a person: ludos funebres alicui dare (ambiguous) to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem imponere, afferre, constituere alicui rei (ambiguous) to put the matter entirely in some one's hands: omnium rerum arbitrium alicui permittere (ambiguous) to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: occasionem alicui dare, praebere alicuius rei or ad aliquid faciendum (ambiguous) to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: facultatem alicui dare alicuius rei or ut possit... (ambiguous) to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: potestatem, copiam alicui dare, facere with Gen. gerund. (ambiguous) to deprive a man of the chance of doing a thing: facultatem, potestatem alicui eripere, adimere (ambiguous) to bring mishap, ruin on a person: calamitatem, pestem inferre alicui (ambiguous) to compass, devise a man's overthrow, ruin: pestem alicui (in aliquem) machinari (ambiguous) to compass, devise a man's overthrow, ruin: perniciem (exitium) alicui afferre, moliri, parare (ambiguous) dangers threaten a man: pericula alicui impendent, imminent (ambiguous) to endanger, imperil a person or thing: alicui periculum creare, conflare (ambiguous) to bring aid to; to rescue: auxilium, opem, salutem ferre alicui (ambiguous) to come to assist any one: auxilio alicui venire (ambiguous) to assist, stand by a person: adesse alicui or alicuius rebus (opp. deesse) (ambiguous) to deliver, rescue a person: salutem alicui afferre (ambiguous) to do harm to, injure any one: damnum inferre, afferre alicui (ambiguous) to show kindness to..: benevolentiam alicui praestare, in aliquem conferre (ambiguous) to be popular with; to stand well with a person: gratiosum esse alicui or apud aliquem (ambiguous) to look favourably upon; to support: studere, favere alicui (ambiguous) to comply with a person's wishes; to humour: alicui morem gerere, obsequi (ambiguous) to do any one a (great) favour: gratum (gratissimum) alicui facere (ambiguous) to do any one a service or kindness: beneficium alicui dare, tribuere (ambiguous) to owe gratitude to; to be under an obligation to a person: gratiam alicui debere (ambiguous) to feel gratitude (in one's heart): gratiam alicui habere (ambiguous) to show gratitude (in one's acts): gratiam alicui referre (meritam, debitam) pro aliqua re (ambiguous) to thank a person (in words): gratias alicui agere pro aliqua re (ambiguous) to consider of importance; to set much (some) store by a thing: multum (aliquid) alicui rei tribuere (ambiguous) to value, esteem a person: multum alicui tribuere (ambiguous) to reward a man according to his deserts: meritum praemium alicui persolvere (ambiguous) to award the prize to..: palmam deferre, dare alicui (ambiguous) to accede to a man's petitions: alicui petenti satisfacere, non deesse (ambiguous) to refuse, reject a request: negare, more strongly denegare alicui aliquid (ambiguous) to refuse, reject a request: petenti alicui negare aliquid (ambiguous) to entrust a matter to a person; to commission: mandatum, negotium alicui dare (ambiguous) to reconcile two people; to be a mediator: placare aliquem alicui or in aliquem (ambiguous) to reconcile two people; to be a mediator: reconciliare alicuius animum or simply aliquem alicui (ambiguous) to be reconciled; to make up a quarrel: sibi aliquem, alicuius animum reconciliare or reconciliari alicui (ambiguous) to praise, extol, commend a person: laudem tribuere, impertire alicui (ambiguous) to consider a thing creditable to a man: aliquid laudi alicui ducere, dare (ambiguous) to reproach a person with..: exprobrare alicui aliquid (ambiguous) to reproach a person with..: aliquid alicui crimini dare, vertere (ambiguous) to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person: alicuius gloriae or simply alicui obtrectare (ambiguous) to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour: infamiam alicui inferre, aspergere (ambiguous) to honour, show respect for, a person: honorem alicui habere, tribuere (ambiguous) to set up a statue in some one's honour: statuam alicui ponere, constituere (ambiguous) to inflict an indignity upon, insult a person: alicui ignominiam inurere (ambiguous) to injure a man's character, tarnish his honour: notam turpitudinis alicui or vitae alicuius inurere (ambiguous) to expend great labour on a thing: egregiam operam (multum, plus etc. operae) dare alicui rei (ambiguous) to expend great labour on a thing: operam alicui rei tribuere, in aliquid conferre (ambiguous) to be engaged upon a matter: intentum esse alicui rei (ambiguous) to give a person trouble, inconvenience him: negotium alicui facessere (Fam. 3. 10. 1) (ambiguous) to undeceive a person: alicui errorem demere, eripere, extorquere (ambiguous) to give a person his choice: optionem alicui dare (Acad. 2. 7. 19) (ambiguous) to offer a person the alternative of... or..: optionem alicui dare, utrum...an (ambiguous) to relieve a person of his doubts: dubitationem alicui tollere (ambiguous) to give a person advice: consilium dare alicui (ambiguous) to give a person advice: auctorem esse alicui, ut (ambiguous) to retard, delay a thing: moram alicui rei afferre, inferre, facere (ambiguous) to detain a person: in mora alicui esse (ambiguous) to entrust a child to the tuition of..: puerum alicui erudiendum or in disciplinam tradere (ambiguous) to become a pupil, disciple of some one: operam dare or simply se dare alicui, se tradere in disciplinam alicuius, se conferre, se applicare ad aliquem (ambiguous) to spur, urge a person on: calcaria alicui adhibere, admovere; stimulos alicui admovere (ambiguous) to restrain some one: frenos adhibere alicui (ambiguous) to inculcate good (bad) principles: bene (male) praecipere alicui (ambiguous) to prove one's point to a person's satisfaction: aliquid alicui probare (or c. Acc. c. Inf.) (ambiguous) to object, to adduce in contradiction: opponere alicui aliquid (ambiguous) to contradict some one: dicere contra aliquem or aliquid (not contradicere alicui) (ambiguous) to applaud, clap a person: plausum dare (alicui) (ambiguous) to set some one a theme for discussion: ponere alicui, de quo disputet (ambiguous) to charge some one with a letter for some one else: epistulam dare alicui ad aliquem (ambiguous) to deliver a letter to some one (used of the messenger): epistulam reddere alicui (Att. 5. 21. 4) (ambiguous) to give pleasure to some one: afferre alicui laetitiam (ambiguous) to add the crowning point to a person's joy: cumulum gaudii alicui afferre (vid. sect. V. 6) (Fam. 16. 21. 1) (ambiguous) to cause a person pain: dolorem alicui facere, afferre, commovere (ambiguous) to cause any one very acute pain: acerbum dolorem alicui inurere (ambiguous) to free a person from his pain: dolorem alicui eripere (Att. 9. 6. 4) (ambiguous) to inspire fear, terror: timorem, terrorem alicui inicere, more strongly incutere (ambiguous) terror, panic seizes some one: terror incidit alicui (ambiguous) terror, panic seizes some one: terror invadit in aliquem (rarely alicui, after Livy aliquem) (ambiguous) to take courage: animus alicui accedit, crescit (ambiguous) to succeed in encouraging a person: animum facere, addere alicui (ambiguous) to increase a person's courage: animum alicui augere (B. G. 7. 70) (ambiguous) to inspire any one with hope: spem alicui facere, afferre, inicere (ambiguous) to lead some one to expect..: spem proponere alicui (ambiguous) to rouse a vain, groundless hope in some one's mind: spem falsam alicui ostendere (ambiguous) to deprive a person of hope: spem alicui adimere, tollere, auferre, eripere (ambiguous) to weaken, diminish a person's hope: spem alicui or alicuius minuere (ambiguous) to excite some one's pity: misericordiam alicui commovere (ambiguous) to pardon some one: alicui veniam dare (alicuius rei) (ambiguous) to be dear to some one: carum esse alicui (ambiguous) to be dear to some one: carum atque iucundum esse alicui (ambiguous) to be some one's favourite: in amore et deliciis esse alicui (active in deliciis habere aliquem) (ambiguous) to fill a person with astonishment: admirationem alicui movere (ambiguous) to believe a person: fidem habere alicui (ambiguous) to make some one believe a thing: fidem alicuius rei facere alicui (ambiguous) to believe in, trust in a thing: fidem tribuere, adiungere alicui rei (ambiguous) to rob a person of his credit: fidem abrogare, derogare alicui (ambiguous) to put confidence in some one: confidere alicui (but aliqua re) (ambiguous) to entrust a thing to a person's good faith: committere aliquid alicui or alicuius fidei (ambiguous) to put oneself entirely in some one's hands: totum se committere, tradere alicui (ambiguous) to keep faith with a person, keep one's word: fidem praestare alicui (ambiguous) to confirm, ratify, sanction something: fidem addere alicui rei (ambiguous) to give one's word that..: fidem dare alicui (opp. accipere) (c. Acc. c. Inf.) (ambiguous) to make a thing credible: fidem facere, afferre alicui rei (opp. demere, de-, abrogare fidem) (ambiguous) to rouse a person's suspicions: suspicionem movere, excitare, inicere, dare alicui (ambiguous) to make a person suspected: aliquem in suspicionem adducere (alicui), aliquem suspectum reddere (ambiguous) to be suspected by some one: in suspicionem alicui venire (ambiguous) to be hated by some one: invisum esse alicui (ambiguous) to be hated by some one: odio, invidiae esse alicui (ambiguous) to be hated by some one: in invidia esse alicui (ambiguous) to incur a person's hatred: in odium, in invidiam venire alicui (ambiguous) to make a person odious, unpopular: invidiam alicui conflare (Catil. 1. 9. 23) (ambiguous) to make a person odious, unpopular: invidiam, odium ex-, concitare alicui, in aliquem (ambiguous) to excite a person's wrath: stomachum, bilem alicui movere (ambiguous) to wrong a person: iniuriam inferre, facere alicui (ambiguous) to give some one satisfaction for an injury: satisfacere alicui pro (de) iniuriis (ambiguous) to use violence against some one: vim adhibere, facere alicui (ambiguous) to do violence to a person: vim inferre alicui (ambiguous) to kill with violence: vim et manus afferre alicui (Catil. 1. 8. 21) (ambiguous) to waylay a person: insidias alicui parare, facere, struere, instruere, tendere (ambiguous) to threaten some one with death, crucifixion, torture, war: minitari (minari) alicui mortem, crucem et tormenta, bellum (ambiguous) to threaten with fire and sword: minitari alicui igni ferroque (Phil. 13. 9. 21) (ambiguous) to deceive a person, throw dust in his eyes: verba dare alicui (Att. 15. 16) (ambiguous) to make sport of, rally a person: illudere alicui or in aliquem (more rarely aliquem) (ambiguous) to serve as some one's butt: ludibrio esse alicui (ambiguous) to have an inclination for a thing: studere alicui rei, studiosum esse alicuius rei (ambiguous) to set a limit to a thing: modum facere, statuere, constituere alicui rei or alicuius rei (ambiguous) to give moral advice, rules of conduct: morum praecepta tradere alicui (ambiguous) to give moral advice, rules of conduct: de virtute praecipere alicui (ambiguous) to pay divine honours to some one: alicui divinos honores tribuere, habere (ambiguous) to inspire some one with religious scruples: religionem alicui afferre, inicere, incutere (ambiguous) to make a thing a matter of conscience, be scrupulous about a thing: aliquid in religionem alicui venit (ambiguous) to swear an oath to a person: iusiurandum dare alicui (ambiguous) to bless (curse) a person: precari alicui bene (male) or omnia bona (mala), salutem (ambiguous) the omens are favourable to some one: aves (alites, oscines) addīcunt alicui (opp. abdicunt aliquid) (ambiguous) to give up a thing to some one else: possessione alicuius rei cedere alicui (Mil. 27. 75) (ambiguous) to set food before a person: cibum apponere, ponere alicui (ambiguous) to give some one to drink: alicui bibere dare (ambiguous) to serve some one with drink: alicui bibere ministrare (ambiguous) to provide some one with a livelihood: omnes ad vitam copias suppeditare alicui (ambiguous) to invite oneself to some one's house for dinner: condicere alicui (ad cenam) (ambiguous) to set a repast before a person: cenam alicui apponere (ambiguous) to attach oneself to a person's society: socium se adiungere alicui (ambiguous) to give audience to some one: sui potestatem facere, praebere alicui (ambiguous) to give audience to some one: conveniendi aditum dare alicui (ambiguous) to greet a person: salutem alicui dicere, impertire, nuntiare (ambiguous) to add to one's letter good wishes to some one: adscribere alicui salutem (Att. 5. 20. 9) (ambiguous) to give one's right hand to some one: dextram alicui porrigere, dare (ambiguous) to congratulate a person on something: gratulari alicui aliquid or de aliqua re (ambiguous) to betroth one's daughter to some one: filiam alicui despondere (ambiguous) to marry (of the woman): nubere alicui (ambiguous) to be married to some one: nuptam esse cum aliquo or alicui (ambiguous) to give one's daughter in marriage to some-one: filiam alicui in matrimonio or in matrimonium collocare or simply filiam alicui collocare (ambiguous) to give one's daughter in marriage to some-one: filiam alicui in matrimonium dare (ambiguous) to give one's daughter in marriage to some-one: filiam alicui nuptum dare (ambiguous) to separate, be divorced (used of man or woman): nuntium remittere alicui (De Or. 1. 40) (ambiguous) to separate, be divorced (used of man or woman): repudium dicere or scribere alicui (ambiguous) to leave money to a person in one's will: pecuniam alicui legare (ambiguous) to be some one's heir: heredem esse alicui (ambiguous) to fix a price for a thing: pretium alicui rei statuere, constituere (Att. 13. 22) (ambiguous) to pay cash: pecuniam numerare alicui (Att. 16. 16) (ambiguous) to owe some one money: pecuniam alicui debere (ambiguous) to lend some one money (without interest): pecuniam alicui credere (sine fenore, usuris) (ambiguous) to lend, borrow money at interest: pecuniam fenori (fenore) alicui dare, accipere ab aliquo (ambiguous) to lend money to some one: pecuniam alicui mutuam dare (ambiguous) to put a thing down to a man's account: alicui expensum ferre aliquid (ambiguous) to put down to a man's credit: alicui acceptum referre aliquid (Verr. 2. 70. 170) (ambiguous) to rob a person of his credit: fidem derogare alicui (ambiguous) to present a person with the freedom of the city: civitatem alicui dare, tribuere, impertire (ambiguous) to give the palm, the first place (for wisdom) to some one: primas (e.g. sapientiae) alicui deferre, tribuere, concedere (ambiguous) to proscribe a person, declare him an outlaw: aqua et igni interdicere alicui (ambiguous) to restore to a person his confiscated property: bona alicui restituere (ambiguous) to banish a person from Italy: interdicere alicui Italiā (ambiguous) to confer supreme power on a person: imperium, rerum summam deferre alicui (ambiguous) to give some one unlimited power in state affairs: rem publicam alicui permittere (ambiguous) to invest some one with royal power: alicui regnum deferre, tradere (ambiguous) to lay the yoke of slavery on some one: alicui servitutem iniungere, imponere (ambiguous) to deliver some one from slavery: iugum servile alicui demere (ambiguous) to impose tribute on some one: vectigalia, tributa alicui imponere (ambiguous) to entrust some one with an official duty, a province: provinciam alicui decernere, mandare (ambiguous) the province of Syria has fallen to some one's lot: alicui Syria (sorte) obvēnit, obtigit (ambiguous) to elect a man to fill the place of another who has died whilst in office: sufficere aliquem in alicuius locum or alicui (ambiguous) to succeed a person in an office: alicui or in alicuius locum succedere (ambiguous) to succeed some one as general: alicui imperatori succedere (ambiguous) to prolong some one's office for another year: continuare alicui magistratum (ambiguous) to prolong a person's command: prorogare alicui imperium (in annum) (ambiguous) to invest a person with a position of dignity: honores alicui mandare, deferre (ambiguous) to remove a person from his office: abrogare alicui munus (Verr. 2. 57) (ambiguous) to deprive a person of his position as commandant: abrogare alicui imperium (ambiguous) to give a man audience before the senate: senatum alicui dare (Q. Fr. 2. 11. 2) (ambiguous) to summon some one to appear on a given day; to accuse a person: diem dicere alicui (ambiguous) to judge some one equitably: aequum iudicem se alicui praebere (ambiguous) to have a person tortured: alicui admovere tormenta (ambiguous) to go to law with, sue a person: litem alicui intendere (ambiguous) to attribute the fault to some one: culpam alicui attribuere, assignare (ambiguous) to reproach, blame a person for..: aliquid alicui crimini dare, vitio vertere (Verr. 5. 50) (ambiguous) to pardon a person: veniam dare alicui (ambiguous) to be (heavily) punished by some one: poenas (graves) dare alicui (ambiguous) to be punished by some one (on account of a thing): poenas alicui pendere (alicuius rei) (ambiguous) to impose a fine (used of the prosecutor or the tribunus plebis proposing a fine to be ratified by the people): multam irrogare alicui (Cic. Dom. 17. 45) (ambiguous) to decree the penalty of death: supplicium alicui decernere, in aliquem constituere (ambiguous) to appoint some one commander-in-chief: imperii summam deferre alicui or ad aliquem, tradere alicui (ambiguous) to depose a person from his command: imperium alicui abrogare (Off.3. 10) (ambiguous) to obey a person's orders: dicto audientem esse alicui (ambiguous) to plunge one's sword in some one's breast: gladium alicui in pectus infigere (ambiguous) to make restitution: res reddere (alicui) (cf. sect. V. 11) (ambiguous) to invade: bellum inferre alicui (Att. 9. 1. 3) (ambiguous) to send relief to some one: subsidium alicui summittere (ambiguous) to accept battle: potestatem sui facere (alicui) (cf. sect. XII. 9, note audientia...) (ambiguous) to wound a person (also used metaphorically): vulnus infligere alicui (ambiguous) to inflict a mortal wound on some one: mortiferam plagam alicui infligere (ambiguous) to congratulate a person on his victory: victoriam or de victoria gratulari alicui (ambiguous) to dictate the terms of peace to some one: pacis condiciones dare, dicere alicui (Liv. 29. 12) (ambiguous) to make one's submission to some one: se imperio alicuius subicere (not alicui) (ambiguous) to make one's submission to some one: in deditionem venire (without alicui) (ambiguous) to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion: subiectum esse, obnoxium esse imperio or dicioni alicuius (not simply alicui)