# winnen
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch winnen, from Old Dutch winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋɪ.nə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: win‧nen
* Rhymes: -ɪnən

### Verb

winnen
* (transitive or intransitive) to win, to triumph, to be victorious (in)
* (transitive) to acquire
* (transitive) to extract, to refine, to harvest (from base materials such as ore or crops)

#### Derived terms

* aanwinnen
* gewinnen
* inwinnen
* overwinnen
* verwinnen
* wie niet waagt, die niet wint
* winnaar
* winning
* winst

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: wen, win
* Berbice Creole Dutch: won
* Negerhollands: win, wind
* → Sranan Tongo: wini
** → Caribbean Javanese: wini
** → Kari'na: winimary

## Low German
### Etymology 1

From Middle Low German winnen, from Old Saxon winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).
Compare Dutch winnen, German gewinnen, English win, Norwegian vinne, Swedish vinna.

#### Verb

winnen (past singular wunn, past participle wunnen, auxiliary verb hebben)
* to win

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Middle Low German [Term?], from Old Saxon windan, from Proto-Germanic *windaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”). Compare German winden, Dutch winden, English wind.

#### Verb

winnen (past singular wunn, past participle wunnen, auxiliary verb hebben)
* to wind
* to wreathe
* to winch
* to wrest

##### Conjugation
## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Middle High German wenen, from Old High German wennen, from Proto-Germanic *wanjaną. Cognate with German gewöhnen (with prefix ge-).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvinən/
* Rhymes: -inən

### Verb

winnen (third-person singular present winnt, past participle gewinnt, auxiliary verb hunn)
* (reflexive, with preposition un) to get used to, to adapt to, to familiarise with
* (transitive) to bring up, to raise, to nurture

#### Conjugation
## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).

### Verb

winnen
* to win, to acquire through effort, to earn
* to acquire, to get
* to gain
* to delve, to mine
* to conquer, to take
* (of a male) to beget (a child), to sire
* (of a female) to give birth to

#### Descendants

* Dutch: winnen
** Afrikaans: wen, win
** Berbice Creole Dutch: won
** Negerhollands: win, wind
** → Sranan Tongo: wini
*** → Caribbean Javanese: wini
*** → Kari'na: winimary
* Limburgish: winne

### Further reading

* “winnen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “winnen (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* win, winne, wine, when, wynnen, wyn, wynne, wyne
* wen, wene, whin, whyn (Northern)
* winnie, winnien, wunnen, wynnye, wynnyen (Southwestern)
* winnien, wunnen, wynnyen (southwest Midlands)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old English winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną (“to labor; to win, gain; to fight, strive”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwinən/

### Verb

winnen (third-person singular simple present winneth, present participle winnende, first-/third-person singular past indicative wan, past participle wonnen)
* to exert effort, strive for
* to fight against, war against
* to suffer
* to gain (territory, wisdom, success, a cow, a prize, etc.)
* to make profit, a living, earn a salary
* to beget
* to defeat, triumph over, subjugate
* to proceed, go
* to take, remove

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) winnen, winne | (to) winnen, winne |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | winne | wan, won |
| 2nd-person singular | winnest | wonne, wanne, wan, won |
| 3rd-person singular | winneth | wan, won |
| subjunctive singular | winne | wonne$^1$, wanne$^1$ |
| imperative singular | winne | — |
| plural$^2$ | winnen, winne | wonnen, wonne, wannen, wanne |
| imperative plural | winneth, winne | — |
| participles | winnynge, winnende | wonnen, wonne, ywonnen, ywonne |
$^1$Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English. $^2$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

#### Related terms

* awinnen
* biwinnen
* iwinnen
* wynnere
* wynnyng

#### Descendants

* English: win
* Scots: win

### References

* “winnen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.