# չիչխան
## Armenian
### Etymology

Unattested in Old or Middle Armenian. Originally a word of the Mush dialect area, that has now become widespread.
Borrowed from dialectal Turkish çişkan, çıçırgan (“sea buckthorn”), ultimately of Mongolic origin.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /t͡ʃʰit͡ʃʰˈχɑn/, [t͡ʃʰit͡ʃʰχɑ́n]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /t͡ʃit͡ʃˈχɑn/, [t͡ʃʰit͡ʃʰχɑ́n]

### Noun

չիչխան • (čʻičʻxan) (Bulanık, Mush, Alashkert)
* sea buckthorn, sandthorn (shrub of the genus Hippophae, especially Hippophae rhamnoides)
    Synonyms: լափռի (lapʻṙi), (non-standard) աբլեպիխա (ablepixa)
** 1847, Arsēn Bagratuni, Pobliosi Virgileay Marovni Mšakakankʻ [A translation of Virgil’s Georgics] II.416:Հատանին եւ չիչխանի դաժանաբոյս ոզորք յանտառսHatanin ew čʻičʻxani dažanaboys ozorkʻ yantaṙsAlso rough shoots of broom must be cut, in the woods

#### Usage notes

* Has been alternatively and incorrectly identified with the holly.

#### Declension

i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian) :
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | չիչխան (čʻičʻxan) | չիչխաններ (čʻičʻxanner) |
| dative | չիչխանի (čʻičʻxani) | չիչխանների (čʻičʻxanneri) |
| ablative | չիչխանից (čʻičʻxanicʻ) | չիչխաններից (čʻičʻxannericʻ) |
| instrumental | չիչխանով (čʻičʻxanov) | չիչխաններով (čʻičʻxannerov) |
| locative | չիչխանում (čʻičʻxanum) | չիչխաններում (čʻičʻxannerum) |
| | definite forms | definite forms |
| nominative | չիչխանը/չիչխանն (čʻičʻxanə/čʻičʻxann) | չիչխանները/չիչխաններն (čʻičʻxannerə/čʻičʻxannern) |
| dative | չիչխանին (čʻičʻxanin) | չիչխաններին (čʻičʻxannerin) |
| | 1st person possessive forms (my) | 1st person possessive forms (my) |
| nominative | չիչխանս (čʻičʻxans) | չիչխաններս (čʻičʻxanners) |
| dative | չիչխանիս (čʻičʻxanis) | չիչխաններիս (čʻičʻxanneris) |
| ablative | չիչխանիցս (čʻičʻxanicʻs) | չիչխաններիցս (čʻičʻxannericʻs) |
| instrumental | չիչխանովս (čʻičʻxanovs) | չիչխաններովս (čʻičʻxannerovs) |
| locative | չիչխանումս (čʻičʻxanums) | չիչխաններումս (čʻičʻxannerums) |
| | 2nd person possessive forms (your) | 2nd person possessive forms (your) |
| nominative | չիչխանդ (čʻičʻxand) | չիչխաններդ (čʻičʻxannerd) |
| dative | չիչխանիդ (čʻičʻxanid) | չիչխաններիդ (čʻičʻxannerid) |
| ablative | չիչխանիցդ (čʻičʻxanicʻd) | չիչխաններիցդ (čʻičʻxannericʻd) |
| instrumental | չիչխանովդ (čʻičʻxanovd) | չիչխաններովդ (čʻičʻxannerovd) |
| locative | չիչխանումդ (čʻičʻxanumd) | չիչխաններումդ (čʻičʻxannerumd) |

### References

* ↑ Bagratuni, Arsēn (1847) Pobliosi Virgileay Marovni Mšakakankʻ [The Georgics of Publius Vergilius Maro] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 53, translating Latin ruscum and remarking that the word is used by the rustics of Mush

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1913) “չիչխան”, in Hayerēn gawaṙakan baṙaran [Armenian Provincial Dictionary] (Ēminean azgagrakan žoġovacu; 9) (in Armenian), Tiflis: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 880a, glossing with French houx, Turkish dikenli defne
* Ališan, Ġewond (1895) “չիչխան”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʻiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 2466, page 518
* Amatuni, Sahak (1912) “չիչխան”, in Hayocʻ baṙ u ban [Armenian Words and Idioms] (in Armenian), Vagharshapat: Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, page 541a
* Ayvazyan H. M. et al., editors (2006), “չիչխան”, in Hayastani bnašxarh [Nature of Armenia] (Əntanekan hanragitaran matenašar; 3) (in Armenian), Yerevan: Armenian Encyclopaedia, page 310bc
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “չիչխան”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui. Yaweluac ašxarhik baṙkʻ anvkaykʻ i grocʻ aṙ mez ełelocʻ [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language. Appendix of Dialectal Words] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 1065c
* Bănățeanu, Vlad (1961) “Observații în legătură cu termenii pentru arbuști în limba armeană [Notes on Armenian shrub terminology]”, in Studii și cercetări lingvistice‎ (in Romanian), volume 12, number 4, page 517 of 515–540, suspecting a subtrate origin
* Bedevian, Armenag K. (1936) “Ilex aquifolium”, in Illustrated Polyglottic Dictionary of Plant Names‎, Cairo: Argus & Papazian Presses, § 1904, pages 328–329
* Caturyan, Tʻ. G. (1970) “Hippophae”, in Astvacatryan Z. A., editor, Buyseri anunneri latineren-hayeren-ṙuseren baṙaran [Latin–Armenian–Russian Dictionary of Plant Names], 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, § 622, page 65
* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben (1981) “չիչխան դժնիկանման”, in Busanunneri hayeren-latineren-ṙuseren-angleren-franseren-germaneren baṙaran [Armenian–Latin–Russian–English–French–German Dictionary of Plant Names], Yerevan: University Press, § 969, page 78a
* Malxaseancʻ, Stepʻan (1945) “չիչխան”, in Hayerēn bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume IV, Yerevan: State Publishing House, page 23b
* Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (1882–1884) “houx”, in Baṙagirkʻ i gałłierēn lezuē i hayerēn [Dictionnaire français-arménien], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian Press, page 650a
* Sargsyan, Armen Yu. (2013) “չիչխան”, in Ġarabaġi barbaṙi baṙaran [Dictionary of Karabakh Dialect] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Edit Print, →ISBN, page 597a
* Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2007), “չիչխան”, in Hayocʻ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume IV, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 411b