# aliquis
## Latin
### Etymology

ali- +‎ quis (interrogative pronoun)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈa.li.kʷis/, [ˈälʲɪkʷɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.li.kwis/, [ˈäːlikwis]

### Pronoun

aliquis or aliquī (feminine aliqua, neuter aliquid); indeclinable portion with a relative/interrogative pronoun
* (pronoun) someone, somebody, anyone, something, anything
    ad calculōs aliquem vocō ― to invite someone to do some calculation
    petere aliquem hastā ― to attack someone with a spear
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.181–182:[...] Anthea sī quem iactātum ventō videat Phrygiāsque birēmīs [...]if perhaps he could see anything of Antheus, storm-tossed by wind, and the double-banked Phrygian [galleys] (See usage note below: Read “aliquem” for “quem” after “si.”)
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.75:aliquis tollēns ad sīdera voltumsomeone lifting his face to the stars
* (determiner) some, any

#### Usage notes

* After sī, nisi, num, and nē, ali- falls away; see quis.
* Normatively, aliquī is a determiner (used adjectivally) and aliquis is a pronoun (used substantively), but the opposite usages can be found, even among the best Classical writers:
** Pūblius Vergilius Marō, Aenēis, liber II. In: Virgil with an English translation by H. Rushton Fairclough, vol. I of two volumes, 1916, p. 296f.:
    Aut hōc inclūsī lignō occultantur Achīvī, aut haec in nostrōs fabricāta est māchina mūrōs, īnspectūra domōs ventūraque dēsuper urbī, aut aliquis latet error; equō nē crēdite, Teucrī.Either enclosed in this frame there lurk Achaeans, or this has been built as an engine of war against our walls, to spy into our homes and come down upon the city from above; or some trickery lurks therein. Trust not the horse, ye Trojans.
* The feminine singular is rarely used as a pronoun, but is common as an adjective; see aliquī.

#### Declension

Indeclinable portion with a relative/interrogative pronoun.
$^1$In Republican Latin or earlier, alternative spellings could be found for the following forms of quī/quis and its compounds: the masculine nominative singular or plural quī (old spelling quei), the genitive singular cuius (old spelling quoius), the dative singular cui (old spelling quoi or quoiei), the dative/ablative plural quīs (old spelling queis).
* There is an old ablative singular form aliquī, found in Plautus.

#### Derived terms

* matellam praestō alicui

#### Related terms

| type | demonstrative | demonstrative | demonstrative | anaphoric | identity | interrogative/ relative | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | negative | other |
| type | proximal | medial | distal | anaphoric | identity | interrogative/ relative | relative | indefinite | free choice | universal | negative polarity | negative | other |
| basic | hic | iste, istic | ille, illic | is | ipse, īdem | quis/quī | quisquis, quīcumque | quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiam | quīvis, quīlibet | quisque | quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam | nēmō, nihil, nūllus | alius |
| dual | | | | | | uter | utercumque | alteruter | utervīs, uterlibet | uterque | | neuter | alter |
| place | hīc | istīc | illīc | ibī̆ | ibī̆dem | ubī̆ | ubiubi, ubī̆cumque | alicubī, uspiam | ubivīs, ubilibet | ubīque | usquam | nusquam, nūllibī | alibī, aliās |
| source | hinc | istinc | illinc | inde | indidem | unde | undecumque, undeunde | alicunde | °undelibet | undique | | | aliunde |
| destination | hūc, °hōrsum | istūc, °istōrsum | illūc, °illōrsum | eō | eōdem | quō, quōrsum | quōquō, quōcumque | aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum | quōvīs, quōlibet | | quōquam | nusquam, nūllōrsum | aliō, aliōrsum |
| method, means, path, place | hāc | istāc | illāc | eā | eādem | quā | quāquā, quācumque | aliquā | quāvīs, quālibet | quāque | | nēquāquam, haudquāquam | aliā |
| manner | hōc modō | istō modō | illō modō | ita, sīc, eō modō | item, itidem | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque | quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō | quōmodolibet | utīque | ūllō modō | nūllō modō | aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō |
| time | num, nunc | | ōlim | tum, tunc | simul | quandō, ‡cum | cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque | quondam, aliquandō | quandōlibet | quandōque | umquam | numquam | aliās |
| quantity | | | | tam | †tamen, †tandem | quam | †quamquam | aliquam | quamvīs, quamlibet | | | | |
| size | | | | tantus | tantusdem | quantus | quantuscumque | aliquantus | quantusvīs, quantuslibet | | | | |
| quality | | | | tālis | | quālis | quālis, quāliscumque | aliquālis | quālislibet | | | | |
| number | | | | tot | totidem | quot | quotquot, quotcumque | aliquot | quotlibet | | | | |
| order | | | | totus | | quotus | quotuscumque | aliquotus | quotuslibet | | | | |
| repetition | | | | totiēns | | quotiēns | quotiēnscumque | aliquotiēns | quotiēnslibet | | | | |
| multiplication | | | | totuplex | | quotuplex | | | | | | | |
| † Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare ‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative ||||||||||||||

#### Descendants

* Sardinian:
** alikis (medieval)
* Ibero-Romance: (via the accusative aliquem, with a stress shift)
** Asturian: daquién
** Galician: alguén
** Portuguese: alguém
** Spanish: alguien
* Vulgar Latin:
** *alicūnus (see there for further descendants)

### See also

* aliquid
* aliquī
* ecquis

### References

* “aliquis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “aliquis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* aliquis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to cherish as the apple of one's eye: aliquis est mihi in oculis to love and make a bosom friend of a person: aliquem in sinu gestare (aliquis est in sinu alicuius) (Ter. Ad. 4. 5. 75) (ambiguous) somebody, something is never absent from my thoughts: aliquis, aliquid mihi curae or cordi est some one feigns illness: aliquis simulat aegrum or se esse aegrum some one is accused: aliquis reus fit (Fam. 13. 54) (ambiguous) one has a view over...; one is able to see as far as..: prospectus est ad aliquid (ambiguous) make way for any one: (de via) decedere alicui (ambiguous) to meet any one: obviam ire alicui (ambiguous) to go to meet some one: obviam venire alicui (ambiguous) to send to meet a person: obviam alicui aliquem mittere (ambiguous) a crowd throngs around some one: multitudo circumfunditur alicui (ambiguous) to have time for a thing: tempus habere alicui rei (ambiguous) I have no time to do something: tempus mihi deest ad aliquid faciendum (ambiguous) to employ one's time in..: tempus conferre ad aliquid (ambiguous) to devote time to anything: tempus tribuere alicui rei (ambiguous) to put off till another time; to postpone: aliquid in aliud tempus, in posterum differre (ambiguous) to listen to a person: aures praebere alicui (ambiguous) to whisper something in a person's ears: in aurem alicui dicere (insusurrare) aliquid (ambiguous) to come to some one's ears: ad aures alicuius (not alicui) pervenire, accidere (ambiguous) to break a person's neck: cervices (in Cic. only in plur.) frangere alicui or alicuius (ambiguous) to touch with the fingertips: extremis digitis aliquid attingere (ambiguous) to give one's hand to some one: manum (dextram) alicui porrigere (ambiguous) to lay violent hands on a person: manus inicere, inferre, afferre alicui (ambiguous) to hold something in one's hand: manu or in manu tenere aliquid (ambiguous) to have something in one's hands, on hand: in manibus habere aliquid (also metaphorically) (ambiguous) to pass a thing from hand to hand: de manu in manus or per manus tradere aliquid (ambiguous) to wrest from a person's hand: ex or de manibus alicui or alicuius extorquere aliquid (ambiguous) to take something into one's hands: in manus(m) sumere aliquid (ambiguous) to hold fast in the teeth (also metaphorically, obstinately): mordicus tenere aliquid (ambiguous) to turn one's eyes (ears, attention) towards an object: oculos (aures, animum) advertere ad aliquid (ambiguous) to dazzle a person: oculorum aciem alicui praestringere (also simply praestringere) (ambiguous) something presents itself to my vision: ante oculos aliquid versatur (ambiguous) to picture a thing to oneself; to imagine: oculis, ante oculos (animo) proponere aliquid (ambiguous) to see clearly, distinctly: cernere et videre aliquid (ambiguous) to see with the mind's eye: oculis mentis videre aliquid (ambiguous) to show oneself to some one: se in conspectum dare alicui (ambiguous) a thing makes a pleasant impression on the senses: aliquid sensus suaviter afficit (ambiguous) a thing makes a pleasant impression on the senses: aliquid sensus iucunditate perfundit (ambiguous) something offends my instincts, goes against the grain: aliquid a sensibus meis abhorret (ambiguous) to suffocate a person: spiritum intercludere alicui (ambiguous) to be older than: aetate alicui antecedere, anteire (ambiguous) to make a person laugh: risum elicere (more strongly excutere) alicui (ambiguous) to make a thing ridiculous, turn it into a joke: aliquid in risum vertere (ambiguous) to move to tears: lacrimas or fletum alicui movere (ambiguous) to see something in a dream: in somnis videre aliquid or speciem (ambiguous) to perform the last rites for a person: iusta facere, solvere alicui (ambiguous) to carry out the funeral obsequies: funus alicui facere, ducere (Cluent. 9. 28) (ambiguous) to give funeral games in honour of a person: ludos funebres alicui dare (ambiguous) to prepare to do a thing: aggredi ad aliquid faciendum (ambiguous) to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem imponere, afferre, constituere alicui rei (ambiguous) to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: ad finem aliquid adducere (ambiguous) to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: ad exitum aliquid perducere (ambiguous) the matter progresses favourably, succeeds: aliquid (bene, prospere) succedit or procedit (opp. parum procedere, non succedere) (ambiguous) to frustrate, nullify: ad irritum redigere aliquid (ambiguous) I was induced by several considerations to..: multae causae me impulerunt ad aliquid or ut... (ambiguous) to make something an excuse, pretext: praetendere, praetexere aliquid (ambiguous) to accrue in great abundance: ex aliqua re redundare (in or ad aliquid) (ambiguous) to have regard for; take into consideration: respicere aliquid (ambiguous) to determine the issue of; to turn the scale: momentum afferre ad aliquid (ambiguous) to be essentially important to a thing: pertinere ad aliquid (ambiguous) to contribute much towards...; to affect considerably; to be instrumental in..: multum valere ad aliquid (ambiguous) to contribute much towards...; to affect considerably; to be instrumental in..: multum afferre ad aliquid (ambiguous) to have considerable influence on a question: magnam vim habere ad aliquid (ambiguous) to put the matter entirely in some one's hands: omnium rerum arbitrium alicui permittere (ambiguous) to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: occasionem alicui dare, praebere alicuius rei or ad aliquid faciendum (ambiguous) to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: facultatem alicui dare alicuius rei or ut possit... (ambiguous) to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: potestatem, copiam alicui dare, facere with Gen. gerund. (ambiguous) to deprive a man of the chance of doing a thing: facultatem, potestatem alicui eripere, adimere (ambiguous) to be induced by a consideration: adduci aliqua re (ad aliquid or ut...) (ambiguous) his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is..: aliquid felicitatis cumulum affert (ambiguous) his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is..: aliquid felicitatem magno cumulo auget (ambiguous) to bring mishap, ruin on a person: calamitatem, pestem inferre alicui (ambiguous) to compass, devise a man's overthrow, ruin: pestem alicui (in aliquem) machinari (ambiguous) to compass, devise a man's overthrow, ruin: perniciem (exitium) alicui afferre, moliri, parare (ambiguous) dangers threaten a man: pericula alicui impendent, imminent (ambiguous) to endanger, imperil a person or thing: aliquem, aliquid in periculum (discrimen) adducere, vocare (ambiguous) to endanger, imperil a person or thing: alicui periculum creare, conflare (ambiguous) to ensure the safety of a thing: in tuto collocare aliquid (ambiguous) to bring aid to; to rescue: auxilium, opem, salutem ferre alicui (ambiguous) to come to assist any one: auxilio alicui venire (ambiguous) to assist, stand by a person: adesse alicui or alicuius rebus (opp. deesse) (ambiguous) to deliver, rescue a person: salutem alicui afferre (ambiguous) to employ in the furtherance of one's interests: aliquid in usum suum conferre (ambiguous) I am benefited by a thing: aliquid ad meum fructum redundat (ambiguous) to do harm to, injure any one: damnum inferre, afferre alicui (ambiguous) to show kindness to..: benevolentiam alicui praestare, in aliquem conferre (ambiguous) to be popular with; to stand well with a person: gratiosum esse alicui or apud aliquem (ambiguous) to look favourably upon; to support: studere, favere alicui (ambiguous) to comply with a person's wishes; to humour: alicui morem gerere, obsequi (ambiguous) to do any one a (great) favour: gratum (gratissimum) alicui facere (ambiguous) to do any one a service or kindness: beneficium alicui dare, tribuere (ambiguous) to owe gratitude to; to be under an obligation to a person: gratiam alicui debere (ambiguous) to feel gratitude (in one's heart): gratiam alicui habere (ambiguous) to show gratitude (in one's acts): gratiam alicui referre (meritam, debitam) pro aliqua re (ambiguous) to thank a person (in words): gratias alicui agere pro aliqua re (ambiguous) to consider of importance; to set much (some) store by a thing: multum (aliquid) alicui rei tribuere (ambiguous) to value, esteem a person: multum alicui tribuere (ambiguous) to reward a man according to his deserts: meritum praemium alicui persolvere (ambiguous) to award the prize to..: palmam deferre, dare alicui (ambiguous) to accede to a man's petitions: alicui petenti satisfacere, non deesse (ambiguous) to refuse, reject a request: negare, more strongly denegare alicui aliquid (ambiguous) to refuse, reject a request: petenti alicui negare aliquid (ambiguous) to gain one's point with any one: aliquid ab aliquo impetrare (ambiguous) to wish prosperity to an undertaking: aliquid optimis ominibus prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...) (ambiguous) to entrust a matter to a person; to commission: mandatum, negotium alicui dare (ambiguous) to reconcile two people; to be a mediator: placare aliquem alicui or in aliquem (ambiguous) to reconcile two people; to be a mediator: reconciliare alicuius animum or simply aliquem alicui (ambiguous) to be reconciled; to make up a quarrel: sibi aliquem, alicuius animum reconciliare or reconciliari alicui (ambiguous) to consider a thing beneath one's dignity: aliquid alienum (a) dignitate sua or merely a se ducere (ambiguous) to consider a thing beneath one's dignity: aliquid infra se ducere or infra se positum arbitrari (ambiguous) to praise, extol, commend a person: laudem tribuere, impertire alicui (ambiguous) to praise, extol, commend a person: (maximis, summis) laudibus efferre aliquem or aliquid (ambiguous) to extol, laud to the skies: laudibus aliquem (aliquid) in caelum ferre, efferre, tollere (ambiguous) to consider a thing creditable to a man: aliquid laudi alicui ducere, dare (ambiguous) to reproach a person with..: exprobrare alicui aliquid (ambiguous) to reproach a person with..: aliquid alicui crimini dare, vertere (ambiguous) to know from hearsay: auditione et fama accepisse aliquid (ambiguous) to know from hearsay: fando aliquid audivisse (ambiguous) to harp on a thing, be always talking of it: in ore habere aliquid (Fam. 6. 18. 5) (ambiguous) to divulge, make public: efferre or edere aliquid in vulgus (ambiguous) to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person: alicuius gloriae or simply alicui obtrectare (ambiguous) to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour: infamiam alicui inferre, aspergere (ambiguous) to honour, show respect for, a person: honorem alicui habere, tribuere (ambiguous) to set up a statue in some one's honour: statuam alicui ponere, constituere (ambiguous) to inflict an indignity upon, insult a person: alicui ignominiam inurere (ambiguous) to injure a man's character, tarnish his honour: notam turpitudinis alicui or vitae alicuius inurere (ambiguous) to expend great labour on a thing: egregiam operam (multum, plus etc. operae) dare alicui rei (ambiguous) to expend great labour on a thing: operam alicui rei tribuere, in aliquid conferre (ambiguous) to expend great labour on a thing: operam (laborem, curam) in or ad aliquid impendere (ambiguous) to be energetic about, throw one's heart into a thing: incumbere in (ad) aliquid (ambiguous) to be engaged upon a matter: intentum esse alicui rei (ambiguous) to give a person trouble, inconvenience him: negotium alicui facessere (Fam. 3. 10. 1) (ambiguous) to turn one's attention to a thing: animum attendere ad aliquid (ambiguous) to attend carefully: diligenter attendere (aliquid) (ambiguous) to accommodate something to the standard of the popular intelligence: ad intellegentiam communem or popularem accommodare aliquid (ambiguous) to form an idea of a thing, imagine, conceive: animo, cogitatione aliquid fingere (or simply fingere, but without sibi), informare (ambiguous) to form an idea of a thing, imagine, conceive: animo concipere aliquid (ambiguous) to form a conception of a thing beforehand: animo, cogitatione aliquid praecipere (Off 1. 23. 81) (ambiguous) to picture to oneself: cogitatione sibi aliquid depingere (ambiguous) to grasp a thing mentally: animo, mente, cogitatione aliquid comprehendere, complecti (ambiguous) a vague notion presents itself to my mind: aliquid animo meo obversatur (cf. sect. III, s. v. oculi) (ambiguous) to direct one's attention..: cogitationem, animum in aliquid intendere (Acad. 4. 46) (ambiguous) to give all one's attention to a thing: omnes cogitationes ad aliquid conferre (ambiguous) to conjecture: coniectura assequi, consequi, aliquid coniectura colligere (ambiguous) it is a matter of conjecture, supposition: aliquid in coniectura positum est (ambiguous) it is a matter of conjecture, supposition: aliquid coniectura nititur, continetur (Div. 1. 14. 24) (ambiguous) a thing has happened contrary to my expectation: aliquid mihi nec opinanti, insperanti accidit (ambiguous) to undeceive a person: alicui errorem demere, eripere, extorquere (ambiguous) to give a person his choice: optionem alicui dare (Acad. 2. 7. 19) (ambiguous) to offer a person the alternative of... or..: optionem alicui dare, utrum...an (ambiguous) to relieve a person of his doubts: dubitationem alicui tollere (ambiguous) to leave a thing undecided: aliquid in medio, in dubio relinquere (Cael. 20. 48) (ambiguous) to leave a thing undecided: aliquid dubium, incertum relinquere (ambiguous) to know a thing for certain: aliquid compertum habere (ambiguous) to give a person advice: consilium dare alicui (ambiguous) to give a person advice: auctorem esse alicui, ut (ambiguous) to think over, consider a thing: secum (cum animo) reputare aliquid (ambiguous) to think over, consider a thing: considerare in, cum animo, secum aliquid (ambiguous) to think over, consider a thing: agitare (in) mente or (in) animo aliquid (ambiguous) a subject becomes matter for reflection: aliquid cadit in deliberationem (Off. 1. 3. 9) (ambiguous) to take measures for..: parare aliquid (ambiguous) to consent to..., lend oneself to..: descendere ad aliquid, ad omnia (vid. sect. V. 9, note Similarly descendere...) (ambiguous) to have an object in view: spectare aliquid or ad aliquid (ambiguous) to retard, delay a thing: moram alicui rei afferre, inferre, facere (ambiguous) to detain a person: in mora alicui esse (ambiguous) to remember a thing perfectly: memoriā tenere aliquid (ambiguous) to have a vivid recollection of a thing: recenti memoria tenere aliquid (ambiguous) to impress on the memory: memoriae mandare aliquid (ambiguous) to recall a thing to a person's mind: in memoriam alicuius redigere, reducere aliquid (not revocare) (ambiguous) a thing has been vividly impressed on our[TR1] memory: aliquid in memoria nostra penitus insidet (ambiguous) a thing escapes, vanishes from the memory: aliquid excidit e memoria, effluit, excidit ex animo (ambiguous) to rescue from oblivion: aliquid ab oblivione vindicare (ambiguous) to have a theoretical knowledge of a thing: ratione, doctrina (opp. usu) aliquid cognitum habere (ambiguous) to reduce a thing to its theoretical principles; to apply theory to a thing: ad artem, ad rationem revocare aliquid (De Or. 2. 11. 44) (ambiguous) to acquire knowledge of a subject: scientia comprehendere aliquid (ambiguous) to have a thorough grasp of a subject: penitus percipere et comprehendere aliquid (De Or. 1. 23. 108) (ambiguous) to entrust a child to the tuition of..: puerum alicui erudiendum or in disciplinam tradere (ambiguous) to become a pupil, disciple of some one: operam dare or simply se dare alicui, se tradere in disciplinam alicuius, se conferre, se applicare ad aliquem (ambiguous) to be born for a thing, endowed by nature for it: natum, factum esse ad aliquid (faciendum) (ambiguous) to do a thing which is not one's vocation, which goes against the grain: adversante et repugnante natura or invitā Minervā (ut aiunt) aliquid facere (Off. 1. 31. 110) (ambiguous) to spur, urge a person on: calcaria alicui adhibere, admovere; stimulos alicui admovere (ambiguous) to restrain some one: frenos adhibere alicui (ambiguous) to obtain a result in something: aliquid efficere, consequi in aliqua re (De Or. 1. 33. 152) (ambiguous) to cite a person or a thing as an example: aliquem (aliquid) exempli causa ponere, proferre, nominare, commemorare (ambiguous) to quote precedents for a thing: aliquid exemplis probare, comprobare, confirmare (ambiguous) to demonstrate by instances: aliquid exemplis ostendere (ambiguous) to have as authority for a thing: auctore aliquo uti ad aliquid (ambiguous) to inculcate good (bad) principles: bene (male) praecipere alicui (ambiguous) a thing is deeply impressed on the mind: aliquid in animo haeret, penitus insedit or infixum est (ambiguous) to impress a thing on one's memory, mind: aliquid animo mentique penitus mandare (Catil. 1. 11. 27) (ambiguous) to take a thing to heart: demittere aliquid in pectus or in pectus animumque suum (ambiguous) to teac: tradere (aliquid de aliqua re) (ambiguous) to arrange on strictly logical principles: ratione, eleganter (opp. nulla ratione, ineleganter, confuse) disponere aliquid (ambiguous) to systematise: ad artem redigere aliquid (ambiguous) to systematise: ad rationem, ad artem et praecepta revocare aliquid (De Or. 1. 41) (ambiguous) to give a scientific explanation of a thing: artificio et via tradere aliquid (ambiguous) to treat with scientific exactness; to classify: artificiose redigere aliquid (ambiguous) to treat with scientific exactness; to classify: ad rationis praecepta accommodare aliquid (ambiguous) to deal with a subject on scientific principles: ad philosophorum or philosophandi rationes revocare aliquid (ambiguous) to systematise, classify a thing: in ordinem redigere aliquid (ambiguous) to demonstrate, make a thing clear: aliquid planum facere (Ad Herenn. 2. 5) (ambiguous) to prove one's point to a person's satisfaction: aliquid alicui probare (or c. Acc. c. Inf.) (ambiguous) to prove a thing indisputably: argumentis confirmare, comprobare, evincere aliquid (or c. Acc. c. Inf.) (ambiguous) to discuss, investigate a subject scientifically: disputare (de aliqua re, ad aliquid) (ambiguous) to object, to adduce in contradiction: opponere alicui aliquid (ambiguous) to grant, admit a thing: dare, concedere aliquid (ambiguous) to assume a thing: sumere (opp. reicere) aliquid (ambiguous) to insist on a point: tenere aliquid; stare in aliqua re (ambiguous) to maintain one's assertion, prove oneself right: obtinere aliquid (ambiguous) to make a thing the subject of controversy: in controversiam vocare, adducere aliquid (ambiguous) to leave a point undecided: in controversia relinquere aliquid (ambiguous) to come to an understanding with a person: transigere aliquid cum aliquo (ambiguous) to contradict some one: dicere contra aliquem or aliquid (not contradicere alicui) (ambiguous) to give a veracious and historic account of a thing: narrare aliquid ad fidem historiae (ambiguous) to calculate the date of an event: ad temporum rationem aliquid revocare (ambiguous) to draw a mathematical conclusion: mathematicorum ratione concludere aliquid (ambiguous) to make a copy true to nature: aliquid ad verum exprimere (ambiguous) a thing is taken from life: aliquid e vita ductum est (ambiguous) to bring a thing upon the stage: in scaenam aliquid inducere (ambiguous) to applaud, clap a person: plausum dare (alicui) (ambiguous) to roughly sketch a thing: adumbrare aliquid (Or. 14. 43) (ambiguous) to express clearly, make a lifelike representation of a thing: exprimere aliquid verbis or oratione (vid. sect. VI. 3, note adumbrare...) (ambiguous) to give an account of a thing (either orally or in writing): exponere aliquid or de aliqua re (ambiguous) to depict a thing in lively colours: summo colore aliquid illustrare (ambiguous) to bring a thing vividly before the eyes: ante oculos ponere aliquid (ambiguous) to represent a thing vividly: oculis or sub oculos, sub aspectum subicere aliquid (ambiguous) to scrutinise, examine closely: perlustrare, lustrare oculis aliquid (ambiguous) to represent a thing dramatically: sic exponere aliquid, quasi agatur res (non quasi narretur) (ambiguous) to introduce a person (into a dialogue) discoursing on..: aliquem disputantem facere, inducere, fingere (est aliquid apud aliquem disputans) (ambiguous) to give a general idea of a thing: in uno conspectu ponere aliquid (ambiguous) to give a general idea of a thing: sub unum aspectum subicere aliquid (ambiguous) to make a short survey of a thing: in brevi conspectu ponere aliquid (ambiguous) to have a general idea of a thing: uno conspectu videre aliquid (ambiguous) to touch briefly on a thing: breviter tangere, attingere aliquid (ambiguous) to make a cursory mention of a thing; to mention by the way (not obiter or in transcursu): strictim, leviter tangere, attingere, perstringere aliquid (ambiguous) to make a cursory mention of a thing; to mention by the way (not obiter or in transcursu): quasi praeteriens, in transitu attingere aliquid (ambiguous) to dwell only on the main points: summatim aliquid exponere (ambiguous) to give a full, detailed account of a thing: pluribus verbis, copiosius explicare, persequi aliquid (ambiguous) to explain a matter briefly, in a few words (not paucis verbis): breviter, paucis explicare aliquid (ambiguous) to bring a subject forward into discussion: in medium proferre aliquid (ambiguous) to pass over in silence: silentio praeterire (not praetermittere) aliquid (ambiguous) to allude to a person or thing (not alludere): significare aliquem or aliquid (ambiguous) to hint vaguely at a thing: leviter significare aliquid (ambiguous) to embellish a narrative: dicendo ornare aliquid (ambiguous) to add rhetorical, dramatic embellishments to a subject: rhetorice, tragice ornare aliquid (Brut. 11. 43) (ambiguous) to interpolate, insert something: includere in orationem aliquid (ambiguous) to interpolate, insert something: inserere orationi aliquid (ambiguous) to interpolate, insert something: interponere aliquid (De Am. 1. 3) (ambiguous) to lend lustre to a subject by one's description: dicendo augere, amplificare aliquid (opp. dicendo extenuare aliquid) (ambiguous) to exaggerate a thing: in maius ferre, in maius extollere aliquid (ambiguous) to overestimate a thing: in maius accipere aliquid (ambiguous) to set some one a theme for discussion: ponere alicui, de quo disputet (ambiguous) to make a joke of a thing: aliquid ad ridiculum convertere (ambiguous) the expression is not in accordance with Latin usage: aliquid a consuetudine sermonis latini abhorret, alienum est (ambiguous) to translate from Greek into Latin: aliquid e graeco in latinum (sermonem) convertere, vertere, transferre (ambiguous) to render something into Latin: aliquid (graeca) latine reddere or sermone latino interpretari (ambiguous) to take a thing in good (bad) part: in bonam (malam) partem accipere aliquid (ambiguous) to put down in writing: litteris mandare or consignare aliquid (Acad. 2. 1. 2) (ambiguous) to treat in writing: litteris persequi (vid. sect. VIII. 2, note persequi...) aliquid (ambiguous) the book contains something... (not continet aliquid): libro continetur aliquid (ambiguous) the book contains something... (not continet aliquid): libro scriptor complexus est aliquid (ambiguous) to make extracts from Cicero's writings: aliquid, multa ex Ciceronis libris excerpere (not excerpere librum) (ambiguous) to enter a thing in one's note-book: aliquid in commentarios suos referre (Tusc. 3. 22. 54) (ambiguous) to read cursorily: legendo percurrere aliquid (ambiguous) to charge some one with a letter for some one else: epistulam dare alicui ad aliquem (ambiguous) to deliver a letter to some one (used of the messenger): epistulam reddere alicui (Att. 5. 21. 4) (ambiguous) to give pleasure to some one: afferre alicui laetitiam (ambiguous) to add the crowning point to a person's joy: cumulum gaudii alicui afferre (vid. sect. V. 6) (Fam. 16. 21. 1) (ambiguous) I am pained, vexed, sorry: doleo aliquid, aliqua re, de and ex aliqua re (ambiguous) I am pained, vexed, sorry: aegre, graviter, moleste fero aliquid (or with Acc. c. Inf. or quod) (ambiguous) to cause a person pain: dolorem alicui facere, afferre, commovere (ambiguous) to cause any one very acute pain: acerbum dolorem alicui inurere (ambiguous) to free a person from his pain: dolorem alicui eripere (Att. 9. 6. 4) (ambiguous) something harasses me, makes me anxious: aliquid me sollicitat, me sollicitum habet, mihi sollicitudini est, mihi sollicitudinem affert (ambiguous) to inspire fear, terror: timorem, terrorem alicui inicere, more strongly incutere (ambiguous) terror, panic seizes some one: terror incidit alicui (ambiguous) terror, panic seizes some one: terror invadit in aliquem (rarely alicui, after Livy aliquem) (ambiguous) to take courage: animus alicui accedit, crescit (ambiguous) to succeed in encouraging a person: animum facere, addere alicui (ambiguous) to increase a person's courage: animum alicui augere (B. G. 7. 70) (ambiguous) to take upon oneself: sibi sumere aliquid (Planc. 1. 3) (ambiguous) to endure a thing with (the greatest) sang-froid: aequo (aequissimo) animo ferre aliquid (ambiguous) to bear a thing with resignation, composure: humane, modice, moderate, sapienter, constanter ferre aliquid (ambiguous) to be resigned to a thing: (animo) paratum esse ad aliquid (ambiguous) to inspire any one with hope: spem alicui facere, afferre, inicere (ambiguous) to lead some one to expect..: spem proponere alicui (ambiguous) to rouse a vain, groundless hope in some one's mind: spem falsam alicui ostendere (ambiguous) to deprive a person of hope: spem alicui adimere, tollere, auferre, eripere (ambiguous) to weaken, diminish a person's hope: spem alicui or alicuius minuere (ambiguous) to be waiting in suspense for..: suspenso animo exspectare aliquid (ambiguous) to excite some one's pity: misericordiam alicui commovere (ambiguous) to pardon some one: alicui veniam dare (alicuius rei) (ambiguous) to be dear to some one: carum esse alicui (ambiguous) to be dear to some one: carum atque iucundum esse alicui (ambiguous) to be some one's favourite: in amore et deliciis esse alicui (active in deliciis habere aliquem) (ambiguous) somebody, something is never absent from my thoughts: aliquis, aliquid mihi curae or cordi est (ambiguous) to have laid something to heart; to take an interest in a thing: curae habere aliquid (ambiguous) to fill a person with astonishment: admirationem alicui movere (ambiguous) to believe a person: fidem habere alicui (ambiguous) to make some one believe a thing: fidem alicuius rei facere alicui (ambiguous) to believe in, trust in a thing: fidem tribuere, adiungere alicui rei (ambiguous) to rob a person of his credit: fidem abrogare, derogare alicui (ambiguous) to put confidence in some one: confidere alicui (but aliqua re) (ambiguous) to entrust a thing to a person's good faith: committere aliquid alicui or alicuius fidei (ambiguous) to put oneself entirely in some one's hands: totum se committere, tradere alicui (ambiguous) to keep faith with a person, keep one's word: fidem praestare alicui (ambiguous) to confirm, ratify, sanction something: fidem addere alicui rei (ambiguous) to give one's word that..: fidem dare alicui (opp. accipere) (c. Acc. c. Inf.) (ambiguous) to make a thing credible: fidem facere, afferre alicui rei (opp. demere, de-, abrogare fidem) (ambiguous) a thing finds credence, is credible: aliquid fidem habet (vid. also fides under sect. VII., History) (ambiguous) to be answerable for a person, a thing: praestare aliquem, aliquid, de aliqua re or Acc. c. Inf. (ambiguous) to rouse a person's suspicions: suspicionem movere, excitare, inicere, dare alicui (ambiguous) to make a person suspected: aliquem in suspicionem adducere (alicui), aliquem suspectum reddere (ambiguous) to be suspected by some one: in suspicionem alicui venire (ambiguous) to be hated by some one: invisum esse alicui (ambiguous) to be hated by some one: odio, invidiae esse alicui (ambiguous) to be hated by some one: in invidia esse alicui (ambiguous) to incur a person's hatred: in odium, in invidiam venire alicui (ambiguous) to make a person odious, unpopular: invidiam alicui conflare (Catil. 1. 9. 23) (ambiguous) to make a person odious, unpopular: invidiam, odium ex-, concitare alicui, in aliquem (ambiguous) to be discontented, vexed at a thing; to chafe: aegre, graviter, moleste, indigne ferre aliquid (ambiguous) to excite a person's wrath: stomachum, bilem alicui movere (ambiguous) to revenge oneself for a thing: ulcisci aliquid, poenas alicuius rei expetere (ambiguous) to wrong a person: iniuriam inferre, facere alicui (ambiguous) to give some one satisfaction for an injury: satisfacere alicui pro (de) iniuriis (ambiguous) there is something repulsive about the thing: res habet aliquid offensionis (ambiguous) to use violence against some one: vim adhibere, facere alicui (ambiguous) to do violence to a person: vim inferre alicui (ambiguous) to kill with violence: vim et manus afferre alicui (Catil. 1. 8. 21) (ambiguous) to waylay a person: insidias alicui parare, facere, struere, instruere, tendere (ambiguous) to threaten some one with death, crucifixion, torture, war: minitari (minari) alicui mortem, crucem et tormenta, bellum (ambiguous) to threaten with fire and sword: minitari alicui igni ferroque (Phil. 13. 9. 21) (ambiguous) to deceive a person, throw dust in his eyes: verba dare alicui (Att. 15. 16) (ambiguous) to make sport of, rally a person: illudere alicui or in aliquem (more rarely aliquem) (ambiguous) to serve as some one's butt: ludibrio esse alicui (ambiguous) to have an inclination for a thing: studere alicui rei, studiosum esse alicuius rei (ambiguous) to have an inclination for a thing: propensum, proclivem esse ad aliquid (opp. alienum, aversum esse, abhorrere ab aliqua re) (ambiguous) to set a limit to a thing: modum facere, statuere, constituere alicui rei or alicuius rei (ambiguous) to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion: metiri, ponderare, aestimare, iudicare aliquid (ex) aliqua re (ambiguous) to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion: dirigere or referre aliquid ad aliquam rem (ambiguous) to set bounds to a thing, limit it: terminis circumscribere aliquid (ambiguous) to show moderation in a matter: moderari aliquid (Flacc. 5. 12) (ambiguous) to give moral advice, rules of conduct: morum praecepta tradere alicui (ambiguous) to give moral advice, rules of conduct: de virtute praecipere alicui (ambiguous) something is contrary to my moral sense, goes against my principles: aliquid abhorret a meis moribus (opp. insitum [atque innatum] est animo or in animo alicuius) (ambiguous) something is a characteristic of a man: aliquid est proprium alicuius (ambiguous) to pay divine honours to some one: alicui divinos honores tribuere, habere (ambiguous) to inspire some one with religious scruples: religionem alicui afferre, inicere, incutere (ambiguous) to make a thing a matter of conscience, be scrupulous about a thing: aliquid religioni habere or in religionem vertere (ambiguous) to make a thing a matter of conscience, be scrupulous about a thing: aliquid in religionem alicui venit (ambiguous) to swear an oath to a person: iusiurandum dare alicui (ambiguous) to pray to God: precari aliquid a deo (ambiguous) to bless (curse) a person: precari alicui bene (male) or omnia bona (mala), salutem (ambiguous) the omens are favourable to some one: aves (alites, oscines) addīcunt alicui (opp. abdicunt aliquid) (ambiguous) to interpret something as an omen: accipere, vertere aliquid in omen (ambiguous) to give up a thing to some one else: possessione alicuius rei cedere alicui (Mil. 27. 75) (ambiguous) to set food before a person: cibum apponere, ponere alicui (ambiguous) to give some one to drink: alicui bibere dare (ambiguous) to serve some one with drink: alicui bibere ministrare (ambiguous) to provide some one with a livelihood: omnes ad vitam copias suppeditare alicui (ambiguous) to spend money on an object: sumptum facere, insumere in aliquid (ambiguous) to invite oneself to some one's house for dinner: condicere alicui (ad cenam) (ambiguous) to set a repast before a person: cenam alicui apponere (ambiguous) to attach oneself to a person's society: socium se adiungere alicui (ambiguous) to give audience to some one: sui potestatem facere, praebere alicui (ambiguous) to give audience to some one: conveniendi aditum dare alicui (ambiguous) to greet a person: salutem alicui dicere, impertire, nuntiare (ambiguous) to add to one's letter good wishes to some one: adscribere alicui salutem (Att. 5. 20. 9) (ambiguous) to give one's right hand to some one: dextram alicui porrigere, dare (ambiguous) to congratulate a person on something: gratulari alicui aliquid or de aliqua re (ambiguous) to betroth one's daughter to some one: filiam alicui despondere (ambiguous) to marry (of the woman): nubere alicui (ambiguous) to be married to some one: nuptam esse cum aliquo or alicui (ambiguous) to give one's daughter in marriage to some-one: filiam alicui in matrimonio or in matrimonium collocare or simply filiam alicui collocare (ambiguous) to give one's daughter in marriage to some-one: filiam alicui in matrimonium dare (ambiguous) to give one's daughter in marriage to some-one: filiam alicui nuptum dare (ambiguous) to separate, be divorced (used of man or woman): nuntium remittere alicui (De Or. 1. 40) (ambiguous) to separate, be divorced (used of man or woman): repudium dicere or scribere alicui (ambiguous) to prescribe in one's will: testamento aliquid cavere (Fin. 2. 31) (ambiguous) to leave money to a person in one's will: pecuniam alicui legare (ambiguous) to be some one's heir: heredem esse alicui (ambiguous) to inherit something: hereditate aliquid accipere (ambiguous) something has been left as a legacy by some one: hereditate aliquid relictum est ab aliquo (ambiguous) to introduce a thing into our customs; to familiarise us with a thing: in nostros mores inducere aliquid (De Or. 2. 28) (ambiguous) to return to ancient usage: in pristinam consuetudinem revocare aliquid (ambiguous) it is my custom: aliquid est meae consuetudinis (ambiguous) it is my custom: aliquid cadit in meam consuetudinem (ambiguous) to transact, settle a matter with some one: transigere aliquid (de aliqua re) cum aliquo or inter se (ambiguous) to make a profit out of something: quaestui aliquid habere (Off. 2. 3. 13) (ambiguous) a thing costs much, little: aliquid magno, parvo stat, constat (ambiguous) a thing costs nothing: aliquid nihilo or gratis constat (ambiguous) to fix a price for a thing: pretium alicui rei statuere, constituere (Att. 13. 22) (ambiguous) to devote money to a purpose: pecuniam insumere in aliquid or consumere in aliqua re (ambiguous) to pay cash: pecuniam numerare alicui (Att. 16. 16) (ambiguous) to owe some one money: pecuniam alicui debere (ambiguous) to lend some one money (without interest): pecuniam alicui credere (sine fenore, usuris) (ambiguous) to lend, borrow money at interest: pecuniam fenori (fenore) alicui dare, accipere ab aliquo (ambiguous) to lend money to some one: pecuniam alicui mutuam dare (ambiguous) to put a thing down to a man's account: alicui expensum ferre aliquid (ambiguous) to put down to a man's credit: alicui acceptum referre aliquid (Verr. 2. 70. 170) (ambiguous) to go through accounts, make a valuation of a thing: ad calculos vocare aliquid (Amic. 16. 58) (ambiguous) to do something after careful calculation: inita subductaque ratione aliquid facere (ambiguous) to subtract something from the capital: de capite deducere (vid. sect. XII. 1, note Notice too...) aliquid (ambiguous) to consider a thing as profit: in lucro ponere aliquid (Flacc. 17. 40) (ambiguous) to rob a person of his credit: fidem derogare alicui (ambiguous) to consider a thing from a political point of view: ad rei publicae rationes aliquid referre (ambiguous) to present a person with the freedom of the city: civitatem alicui dare, tribuere, impertire (ambiguous) to give the palm, the first place (for wisdom) to some one: primas (e.g. sapientiae) alicui deferre, tribuere, concedere (ambiguous) a thing is illegal: aliquid contra legem est (ambiguous) to proscribe a person, declare him an outlaw: aqua et igni interdicere alicui (ambiguous) to restore to a person his confiscated property: bona alicui restituere (ambiguous) to banish a person from Italy: interdicere alicui Italiā (ambiguous) to confer supreme power on a person: imperium, rerum summam deferre alicui (ambiguous) to give some one unlimited power in state affairs: rem publicam alicui permittere (ambiguous) to invest some one with royal power: alicui regnum deferre, tradere (ambiguous) to lay the yoke of slavery on some one: alicui servitutem iniungere, imponere (ambiguous) to deliver some one from slavery: iugum servile alicui demere (ambiguous) to impose tribute on some one: vectigalia, tributa alicui imponere (ambiguous) to entrust some one with an official duty, a province: provinciam alicui decernere, mandare (ambiguous) the province of Syria has fallen to some one's lot: alicui Syria (sorte) obvēnit, obtigit (ambiguous) to elect a man to fill the place of another who has died whilst in office: sufficere aliquem in alicuius locum or alicui (ambiguous) to succeed a person in an office: alicui or in alicuius locum succedere (ambiguous) to succeed some one as general: alicui imperatori succedere (ambiguous) to prolong some one's office for another year: continuare alicui magistratum (ambiguous) to prolong a person's command: prorogare alicui imperium (in annum) (ambiguous) to invest a person with a position of dignity: honores alicui mandare, deferre (ambiguous) to remove a person from his office: abrogare alicui munus (Verr. 2. 57) (ambiguous) to deprive a person of his position as commandant: abrogare alicui imperium (ambiguous) to give a man audience before the senate: senatum alicui dare (Q. Fr. 2. 11. 2) (ambiguous) to summon some one to appear on a given day; to accuse a person: diem dicere alicui (ambiguous) to judge some one equitably: aequum iudicem se alicui praebere (ambiguous) to hold an inquiry into a matter: aliquid, causam cognoscere (ambiguous) to hold an inquiry into a matter: quaerere aliquid or de aliqua re (ambiguous) to enter a thing in the public records: in tabulas publicas referre aliquid (ambiguous) to cite a person to give evidence on a matter: aliquem testem alicuius rei (in aliquid) citare (ambiguous) to have a person tortured: alicui admovere tormenta (ambiguous) to go to law with, sue a person: litem alicui intendere (ambiguous) to attribute the fault to some one: culpam alicui attribuere, assignare (ambiguous) to reproach, blame a person for..: aliquid alicui crimini dare, vitio vertere (Verr. 5. 50) (ambiguous) to pardon a person: veniam dare alicui (ambiguous) to be (heavily) punished by some one: poenas (graves) dare alicui (ambiguous) to be punished by some one (on account of a thing): poenas alicui pendere (alicuius rei) (ambiguous) to atone for something by..: luere aliquid aliqua re (De Sen. 20) (ambiguous) to impose a fine (used of the prosecutor or the tribunus plebis proposing a fine to be ratified by the people): multam irrogare alicui (Cic. Dom. 17. 45) (ambiguous) to decree the penalty of death: supplicium alicui decernere, in aliquem constituere (ambiguous) to go unpunished: impune fecisse, tulisse aliquid (ambiguous) to appoint some one commander-in-chief: imperii summam deferre alicui or ad aliquem, tradere alicui (ambiguous) to depose a person from his command: imperium alicui abrogare (Off.3. 10) (ambiguous) to obey a person's orders: dicto audientem esse alicui (ambiguous) to plunge one's sword in some one's breast: gladium alicui in pectus infigere (ambiguous) to make restitution: res reddere (alicui) (cf. sect. V. 11) (ambiguous) to invade: bellum inferre alicui (Att. 9. 1. 3) (ambiguous) to send relief to some one: subsidium alicui summittere (ambiguous) to accept battle: potestatem sui facere (alicui) (cf. sect. XII. 9, note audientia...) (ambiguous) to wound a person (also used metaphorically): vulnus infligere alicui (ambiguous) to inflict a mortal wound on some one: mortiferam plagam alicui infligere (ambiguous) to congratulate a person on his victory: victoriam or de victoria gratulari alicui (ambiguous) to dictate the terms of peace to some one: pacis condiciones dare, dicere alicui (Liv. 29. 12) (ambiguous) to make one's submission to some one: se imperio alicuius subicere (not alicui) (ambiguous) to make one's submission to some one: in deditionem venire (without alicui) (ambiguous) to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion: subiectum esse, obnoxium esse imperio or dicioni alicuius (not simply alicui) (ambiguous) this can be said of..., applies to..: hoc cadit in aliquid (ambiguous) this can be said of..., applies to..: hoc transferri potest in aliquid (ambiguous) there is something in what you say; you are more or less right: aliquid (τι) dicis (opp. nihil dicis) (ambiguous) there is something in what you say; you are more or less right: est istuc quidem aliquid
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “alĭquis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 24: Refonte A–Aorte, page 322
* ↑ calculus article at Online Latin-English Dictionary Olivetti (by Enrico Olivetti)
* ↑ Allen, Joseph Henry, Greenough, James B. (1903) Allen and Greenough's New Latin grammar for schools and colleges: founded on comparative grammar, Boston: Ginn and Company, § 151: "Note.—Aliquī is sometimes used substantively and aliquis as an adjective."
* ↑ Bonfante, Giuliano, Bonfante, Larissa (1999) The Origin of the Romance Languages, page 100