# кара
## Belarusian
### Etymology 1

From Old East Slavic кора (kora, “bark”), from Proto-Slavic *kora (“bark”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kaˈra]

#### Noun

кара́ • (kará) f inan (genitive кары́, uncountable)
* bark (of trees)
* crust

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *kara (“punishment”), from Proto-Indo-European *kor-.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkara]
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

ка́ра • (kára) f inan (genitive ка́ры, nominative plural ка́ры, genitive plural кар)
* penalty, punishment, retribution

##### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

## Dolgan

| Dolgan | кара |
| Sakha | ‍хара |

### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara, compare Yakut хара (qara), Turkish kara.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.ɾa/

### Adjective

кара • (kara)
* black

## Kyrgyz
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qara/

### Adjective

кара • (kara) (comparative [please provide], superlative {{{1}}}, Arabic spelling قارا)
* black

### See also

Colors in Kyrgyz · өңдөр (öŋdör), түстөр (tüstör) (layout · text) :
| ак (ak) | боз (boz) | кара (kara) |
| кызыл (kızıl); кара кочкул (kara kockul) | кызгылт сары (kızgılt sarı); күрөң (küröŋ) | сары (sarı); каймак түстүү (kaymak tüstüü) |
| саргыч жашыл (sargıc jaşıl) | жашыл (jaşıl) | жалбыз түстүү (jalbız tüstüü) |
| көгүш (kögüş) | көгүлтүр (kögültür), | көк (kök) |
| кызгылт көгүш (kızgılt kögüş); кочкул көк (kockul kök) | кочкул кызыл (kockul kızıl); кызгылт көк (kızgılt kök) | кызгылт (kızgılt) |

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkaɾa]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *karati (“to punish, scold”).

#### Verb

кара • (kara) third-singular present, impf (perfective искара)
* (transitive) to scold, reprimand
    Synonyms: прекори (prekori), прекорува (prekoruva)

##### Usage notes

* Whereas this word has a general application, it is often associated specifically with children, so using it to speak of adults being scolded, e.g. by their boss, may make it sound as though they were being infantilized. A more appropriate word for adults (and serious situations in general) would be "прекорува".

##### Related terms

* се кара (se kara), се искара (se iskara)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Verb

кара • (kara) third-singular present, impf (perfective окара)
* (transitive, intransitive, dialectal) to swear, curse (profanity)
    Synonym: пцуе (pcue)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

Borrowed from German Karre (“cart, barrow”).

#### Noun

кара • (kara) f (plural кари)
* military cart

##### Declension
### References

* “кара” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

### Anagrams

* арка (arka), рака (raka)

## Nogai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara. Cognate to Karakalpak qara, etc.

### Adjective

кара • (kara)
* black

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, S.A Kalmykov, editor (1963), “кара”, in Nogajsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Nogai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: karačajevo-čerkesskij naučno- issledovatelʹskij institut jazyka, literatury i istorii, →ISBN

## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkarə]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara (“punishment”), from Proto-Indo-European *kor-. Cognate with Old Irish caire (“blame, disapproval”).

#### Noun

ка́ра • (kára) f inan (genitive ка́ры, nominative plural ка́ры, genitive plural кар)
* penalty, punishment, retribution

##### Related terms

* кара́тель (karátelʹ)
* кара́тельный (karátelʹnyj)
* кара́ть (karátʹ)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ка́ра • (kára) m inan
* genitive singular of кар (kar)

### Anagrams

* а́рка (árka), ра́ка (ráka)

## Southern Altai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”).

### Noun

кара • (kara)
* black

## Tatar
### Alternative forms

* qara

### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qɑ.ˈra/

### Adjective

кара • (qara)
* black (color)

#### See also

Colors in Tatar · төсләр (töslär) (layout · text) :
| ак (aq) | соры (sorı) | кара (qara) |
| кызыл (qızıl); кырмызы (qırmızı) | әфлисун (äflisun); көрән (körän) | сары (sarı) |
| сары-яшел (sarı-yaşel), лайм (laym) | яшел (yaşel) | куе яшел (quye yaşel) |
| яшел-зәңгәр (yaşel-zäñgär), күк (kük), фирәзә (firäzä); зәңгәр-яшел (zäñgär-yaşel) | зәңгәрсу (zäñgärsu) | зәңгәр (zäñgär) |
| шәмәхә (şämäxä); миләүшә (miläwşä) | кызыл-шәмәхә (qızıl-şämäxä), гөлчәчәк (gölçäçäk); шәмәхә (şämäxä) | алсу (alsu) |

## Tuvan
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”). Cognate with Turkish kara (“black”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /k̠ɐ.ɾɐ/
* (Altay) IPA: /qɐ.rɐ/

### Adjective

кара • (kara)
* black

### Noun

кара • (kara) (definite accusative караны, plural каралар)
* black (colour)

### See also

Colors in Tuvan · өңнер (öñner) (layout · text) :
| ак (ak) | куу (kuu) | кара (kara) |
| кызыл (kızıl); ягаан (yagaan) | кызыл-сарыг (kızıl-sarıg); хүрең (xüreñ) | сарыг (sarıg); ак-сарыг (ak-sarıg) |
| сарыг-ногаан (sarıg-nogaan) | ногаан (nogaan) | |
| | ак-көк (ak-kök) | көк (kök) |
| | өкпең (ökpeñ) | ак-кызыл (ak-kızıl) |

## Ukrainian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *kara (“punishment”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkarɐ]
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

ка́ра • (kára) f inan (genitive ка́ри, nominative plural ка́ри, genitive plural кар)
* penalty, punishment, retribution
    Synonym: покара́ння n (pokaránnja)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

ка́ра • (kára)
* feminine nominative singular of ка́рий (káryj)

### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “кара”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “кара”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)