# sauss
## Latgalian
### Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *saušás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews-. Cognates include Latvian sauss and Lithuanian saũsas.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsàu̯ss]
* Hyphenation: sauss

### Adjective

sauss
* dry

#### Declension
### References

* Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN

## Latvian
### Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *sausas (perhaps from Proto-Balto-Slavic *saušás), from Proto-Indo-European *saus-, *sus- (“dry”), maybe from the stem *seu-, *sū-, *su- (“juice, liquid; to squeeze juice; to suck”) (whence also Latvian sūkt (“to suck”)), either with an additional s or reduplicated. The meaning change was probably “squeezed (for juice), sucked” > “without (juice, liquid)” > “dry.”
Cognates include Lithuanian saũsas, Old Prussian sausā (accusative; ā < an), Proto-Slavic *suxъ (Old Church Slavonic соухъ (suxŭ), Russian сухо́й (suxój), Belarusian сухі́ (suxí), Ukrainian сухи́й (suxýj), Bulgarian сух (suh), Czech suchý, Polish suchy), Sanskrit शुष्क (śuṣka), Ancient Greek αὖος (aûos) (< *sausos), Latin sūdus (“dry, sunny”) (< *susdos), Ossetian сусӕн (susæn, “dry month”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sàws]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Adjective

sauss (definite sausais, comparative sausāks, superlative vissausākais, adverb sausi)
* dry (containing (relatively) little or no liquid, moisture, vapor; whose surface has (relatively) little or no liquid, moisture)
    sausas smiltis ― dry sand
    sausa malka ― dry firewood
    sausas lapas ― dry leaves
    sauss zars ― dry branch, twig
    sauss sniegs, gaiss, tvaiks ― dry snow, air, steam
    sausas lūpas ― dry lips
    sausa āda ― dry skin
    sausi mati ― dry hair (= insufficiently nourished)
    varbūt pa ceļam gadīsies kāds šķūnītis... varētu ielīst siltā, sausā sienā ― maybe on the way there is some little barn... one could crawl into warm, dry hay
    acīs nemanīja asaru; šausmas bija acis darījušas sausas ― in (their) eyes no tears could be found; terror made (their) eyes dry
    abiem mutes bija sausas, un viņi pārtrauca sarunas, lai mazliet sakrātu siekalas uz mēles ― both (men) had dry mouths, and they stopped the conversation to save some saliva on their tongues
* dry (which has lost the liquid or moisture that it previously had)
    sauss dīķis ― dry pond
    sausa aka ― dry well
    katls izvārījies sauss ― the kettle has boiled dry
    noslaucīt galdu sausu ― to wipe the table dry
    upe palika tik sausa, ka tajā varēja atrast mazāko akmeni ― the river stayed so dry that one could find the smallest stones in it
    kapteiņa puķu odekolona pudelīte ir sausa ― the captain's little flower cologne bottle is dry (= totally empty)
* (usually definite forms) dry (containing less liquid, moisture than usual, than other comparable items)
    sausā barība ― dry food
    sausais raugs ― dry yeast
    sausais piens ― dried milk
    sausais spirts ― dry alcohol
    sausais ledus ― dry ice (solid CO₂)
    sausais vīns ― dry wine (prepared without adding alcohol or sugar)
* (of climate, weather, their elements; of time periods or areas) dry (characterized by relatively little humidity in the air or soil, by relatively less rainfall)
    sauss laiks, klimats ― dry weather, climate
    sauss vējš ― dry wind
    sausa vasara ― dry summer
    sauss gads ― dry year
    sausa pļava ― dry meadow
    sausi meži ― dry forests
    sauss dzīvoklis, pagrabs ― dry apartment, basement
    Vidusāzijā ir viss vai gandriz viss, izņemot ūdeni; tā ir ļoti, ļoti sausa zeme ― Central Asia has everything or almost everything, except water; it is a very, very dry land
    bija atnākusi sausa, svelmaina diena ― a dry, scorching day had come
* dry (which happens, is carried out without the use of water, of fluids; which does not produce water, fluids)
    sausā spodrināšana ― dry shine
    sausais putekļu uztvērējs ― dry dust collector
    sausais pleirīts ― dry pleurisy
    sauss klepus ― dry cough
* (of people, their body parts) dry, thin, weak
    atbrauca mazs, sauss vīriņš stipri apnēsātā samta uzvalkā ― a little dry (= weak-looking) man arrived in a shabby velvet suit
    vanagu pagalmā ienāca Mālnieka tēvs, garš, sauss vecis ― MMālnieks' father came into the hawk yard, a tall, dry (= fragile) old man
* (of people, their behavior) dry (without emotionality, without compassion or concern)
    sauss cilvēks ― dry person
    sauss stils ― dry style
    sausa valoda ― dry language
    cilvēki runāja, ka Strautmanis esot sauss un auksts ― people say that Strautmanis is dry and cold
* (of activities, opinions) dry (without feelings; which causes no feelings)
    Ausma jutās nelaimīga neradošajā, sausajā bibliotēkas darbā ― Ausma felt unhappy in (= with) (the) non-creative, dry library work
    statistika ir nepielūdzama: šķietami sausie skaitļi allaž parāda, kas paveikts un kur vēl spēcīgāk pieliekams plecs ― statistics is relentless: the seemingly dry figures always show what (was) done and where shoulders must be bent even more strongly (= where one must work harder)
* (of sounds) dry, toneless, hollow
    Paipa iesmējās sīku, sausu smiekliņu ― Paipa laughed a little dry laugh

#### Antonyms

* mikls
* mitrs
* slapjš
* valgs, valgans

#### Derived terms

* sausums

#### Related terms

* sausēt, sausināt
* susēt

### References

* ↑ Ranko Matasović - Toward a relative chronology of the earliest Baltic and Slavic sound changes, University of Zagreb, 2005
* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “sauss”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN