# τσιγγάνος
## Greek
### Alternative forms

* Τσιγγάνος (Tsingános)
* αθίγγανος (athínganos), Αθίγγανος (Athínganos) (formal)
* ατσίγγανος (atsínganos), ατσίγγανος (atsínganos)

### Etymology

Via Byzantine Greek Ἀτσίγγανος (Atsínganos) and Ἀθίγγανος (Athínganos) from Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”), ultimately a compound of privative ἀ- (a-) + θιγγάνω (thingánō, “to touch”). The Middle Greek word had initially been the name of a Christian sect, the Melchizedekian sect, which was subsequently associated to Romani people.
Nişanyan suggests, due to the very recent first attestation of the term in Greek (1378 AD), a Turkish lemma çıgañ /t͡ʃɯˈɣaɲ/ ("destitute, lazy") as its origin, which, in turn, explains the replacement of the accent. This modern accent could also be influenced by the feminine form Ἀτσιγγάνα (Atsingána).
Petrounias, however, explains αθίγγανος (athínganos) as a paretymological variant of ἀτσίγγανος (atsínganos), influenced by the name of the Christian sect.
Also see Italian zingano, German Zigeuner, Turkish çingene.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡siŋˈɡa.nos/
* Hyphenation: τσιγ‧γά‧νος

### Noun

τσιγγάνος • (tsingános) m (plural τσιγγάνοι, feminine τσιγγάνα)
* Gypsy, Gipsy

#### Declension

| | singular | plural |
| nominative | τσιγγάνος • | τσιγγάνοι • |
| genitive | τσιγγάνου • | τσιγγάνων • |
| accusative | τσιγγάνο • | τσιγγάνους • |
| vocative | τσιγγάνε • | τσιγγάνοι • |

### References

* ↑ τσιγγάνος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
* ↑ ατσίγγανος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
* ↑ Ατσίγγανος - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)
* ↑ “ἀθίγγανος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ↑ 1993, Struggling for Ethnic Identity: The Gypsies of Hungary (published by Human Rights Watch), page 1
* ↑ 2004, Viorel Achim, The Roma in Romanian History (Bucharest), page 9
* ↑ 2007, Jean-Pierre Liégeois, Roma In Europe, page 17
* ↑ 2010, Gabriela Brozba, Between reality and myth: A corpus-based analysis of the stereotypic image of some Romanian ethnic minorities, page 42
* ↑ τσιγγάνος - Babiniotis, Georgios (2010) Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek language] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre
* ↑ https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/kelime/çingene
* ↑ Ατσιγγάνα - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)
* ↑ ατσίγγανος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
* ↑ αθίγγανος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language