# بدر
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ب د ر (b-d-r). Cognate with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܒܲܕܪܝܼ (badrī)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /badr/

### Noun

بَدْر • (badr) m (plural بُدُور (budūr))
* full moon

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: বদর (bodor)
* → Georgian: ბადრი (badri)
* → Gujarati: બદ્ર (badra)
* → Hindi: बदर (badar)
* → Indonesian: badar
* → Persian: بدر
* → Swahili: badiri
* → Ottoman Turkish: بدر
** Turkish: bedir
* → Urdu: بدر

### Proper noun

بَدْر • (badr) m
* a surname
* a male given name
* Badr (name of a city 180 km from Medina where an important battle took place)
* Battle of Badr

#### Descendants

* → French: Badr

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Persian [Term?].

### Adverb

بدر • (beder)
* out of doors; out, forth, away.
    Synonym: طیشاری

### References

* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “be-der”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 95
* Redhouse, J. W. (2011). Redhouse Türkçe-Osmanlıca-İngilizce sözlük =: Redhouse Turkish-Ottoman-English dictionary. İstanbul: SEV Matbaacılık ve Yayıncılık.

## Persian
### Etymology 1

From به (be, “in, at”) +‎ در (dar, “door”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ba.ˈðaɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bä.d̪ǽɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bä.d̪ǽɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bä.d̪ǽɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bä.d̪ǽɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [be.d̪ǽɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bä.d̪ǽɾ]

#### Adverb

بدر • (bedar)
* (now only in fixed figurative expressions) out of doors, without, outside

##### Derived terms

* بدر آمدن (bedar âmadan)
* بدر آوردنن (bedar âvordan)
* بدر افتادن (bedar oftâdan)
* بدر بردن (bedar bordan)
* بدر رفتن (bedar raftan)
* بدر کردن (bedar kardan)

##### Descendants

* → Gujarati: બદર (badar)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: बदर (badar)
    Urdu: بَدَر (badar)
* → Ottoman Turkish: بدر (beder)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic بَدْر (badr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [baðɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bäd̪ɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bäd̪ɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bäd̪ɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bäd̪ɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bæd̪ɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bäd̪ɾ]

#### Noun

بدر • (badr)
* full moon
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3651:چون مه نو یا سه روزه یا که بدر مرتبه‌‌ی هر یک ملک در نور و قدرčōn mah-i naw yā si rōza yā ki badr martaba-i har yak malak dar nūr u qadrLike the new moon or the moon three days old or the full moon, every angel has (a particular) perfection in light and (spiritual) worth.

## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /bə.d̪əɾ/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian بدر (ba-dar), from به (ba) + در (dar).

#### Adverb

بدر • (badar) (Hindi spelling बदर)
* outside, out of doors, without

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian بدر (badr), ultimately from Arabic بَدْر (badr).

#### Noun

بدر • (badar) m (Hindi spelling बदर)
* full moon

##### Declension

Declension of بدر :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | بدر (badar) | بدر (badar) |
| oblique | بدر (badar) | بدروں (badarō̃) |
| vocative | بدر (badar) | بدرو (badarō) |

### Etymology 3

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बदर (badara), Doublet of بیر (ber).

#### Noun

بدر • (badar) m (Hindi spelling बदर) (rare)
* the Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) or its fruit
* the kernel of the fruit of the cotton plant
* dried ginger

##### Declension

Declension of بدر :
| | singular | plural |
| direct | بدر (badar) | بدر (badar) |
| oblique | بدر (badar) | بدروں (badarō̃) |
| vocative | بدر (badar) | بدرو (badarō) |

### References

* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “بدر”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* “بدر”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “badar”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.