# gmina
## English
### Etymology

From Polish gmina, from Middle High German gemeine, gemeinde. Doublet of mean, common, and commune.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡəˈmiːnə/, /ˈɡmiːnə/

### Noun

gmina (plural gminas or gminy)
* commune; municipality; township; the smallest administrative territorial division and the first level of regional government in Poland
** 1983, Edward D[avis] Wynot, Jr., “Notes to Chapter Three”, in Warsaw Between the World Wars: Profile of the Capital City in a Developing Land, 1918-1939 (East European Monographs; CXXIX), Boulder, Colo.: East European Monographs; New York, N.Y.: Distributed by Columbia University Press, →ISBN, note 9, page 320:Details of the growth rates of individual gminy are in Skorowidz gmin Rzeczypospolitej Polski, Statystyka Polski GSU, Series B, pt. 1, no. 8 (Warsaw, 1933), p. 61.
** 1994 December, “[[Public Sector Reform: Reducing the Size of the State] Decentralization of the Public Sector] Three Years of Decentralization”, in Poland: Policies for Growth with Equity (A World Bank Country Study), Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, →ISBN, page 56:The current administration withdrew the legislative proposal to create powaits but maintained the decision of the previous administration to move forward on a powait pilot program. The pilot program is limited to the 46 gminy with populations of nine than 100,000, which together account for about one-third of Poland’s population. The powiat pilot program was launched in January 1994. At that time, agreements with 43 gminy were in force, and gminy were responsible for education (35 gminy), secondary health (32), social welfare (19), and culture (30) (see box 2.5).
** 1995, Robert E[dward] Blobaum, “[Russian State, Polish Society] The Impact of Agrarian Reform”, in Rewolucja: Russian Poland, 1904–1907, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, published 2016, →ISBN, page 14:These institutions of self-government in the Polish countryside, initially designed to empower the peasantry at the expense of the manors, were gradually transformed into instruments of the ruling bureaucracy. Centralization and merger of gminy provided one means to this end. Of the 3,083 gminy in existence in 1864, only 1,287 remained forty years later. The contraction of gminy made it easier for centrally appointed county officials to interfere in local affairs.

#### Derived terms

* urban-rural gmina

### Anagrams

* gamin, migan, minga, Nigam, Aming, Magin, magni-

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Gemeine. Doublet of gmin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡmina/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ina
* Syllabification: gmi‧na

### Noun

gmina f (abbreviation gm.)
* gmina, commune, municipality, township (first-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, below powiat and województwo)
    Coordinate terms: powiat, sołectwo, województwo
** (metonymically) gmina (people living in such a division)
** (government, metonymically) gmina office (headquarters of such a district)
** (government, metonymically) gmina authorities (people in charge of such a district)
* (Judaism) kahal (organized Jewish religious community; usually disambiguated as gmina żydowska)
    Synonym: kahał

#### Descendants

* → English: gmina
* → Ukrainian: ґміна (gmina)

### Further reading

* gmina in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* gmina in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* gmina in PWN's encyclopedia

## Spanish
### Noun

gmina f (plural gminas)
* gmina