# 茨

| 茨 | U+8328, &#33576; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8328 |
| ← 茧 [U+8327] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 茩 → [U+8329] |

## Translingual
### Han character

茨 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿戈一人 (TIMO) or 廿一一人 (TMMO), four-corner 4418$_2$, composition ⿱艹次)

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1028, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30896
* Dae Jaweon: page 1487, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3208, character 6
* Unihan data for U+8328

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 茨 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 咨 | *ʔsli |
| 資 | *ʔsli |
| 姿 | *ʔsli |
| 粢 | *ʔsli |
| 諮 | *ʔsli |
| 恣 | *ʔslis |
| 澬 | *ʔsli, *zli |
| 趑 | *sʰli |
| 蠀 | *sʰli |
| 次 | *sn̥ʰis |
| 佽 | *sl̥ʰis |
| 絘 | *sl̥ʰis |
| 薋 | *zli |
| 瓷 | *zli |
| 茨 | *zli |
| 餈 | *zli |
| 垐 | *zli, *zlɯɡ |
| 楶 | *ʔsliːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zli) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 次 (OC *sn̥ʰis).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cí (ci$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ci$^4$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ce$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cí
*** Zhuyin: ㄘˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cíh
*** Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ$^2$
*** Yale: tsź
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr
*** Palladius: цы (cy)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^4$
*** Yale: chìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ce$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dzij
Rime :
| Character | 茨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 疾資切 |
| Baxter | dzij |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ziɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zjɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zi/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zi/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zi/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ci$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zli/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 茨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1800 |
| Phonetic component | 次 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 茨 |
| Old Chinese | /*zli/ |

#### Definitions

茨
* caltrop, puncture vine, Tribulus terrestris
* Misspelling of 莰 (kǎn).

##### Compounds

* 乾茨臘／干茨腊
* 土階茅茨／土阶茅茨
* 楚茨
* 波茨坦 (Bōcítǎn)
* 牆有茨／墙有茨
* 茅茨
* 茆茨
* 茅茨不剪
* 茅茨土階／茅茨土阶
* 茨實米／茨实米
* 茨河 (Cíhé)
* 茨菰 (cígū)
* 茨藻
* 野茨菰
* 鳧茨／凫茨 (fúcí)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ze$^5$
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ze$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɯ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

茨
* (Teochew) Alternative form of 薯 (“potato, sweet potato and yam”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* briar, bramble

#### Readings

* Go-on: じ (ji)
* Kan-on: し (shi)
* Kun: いばら (ibara, 茨, Jōyō $^†$)、うばら (ubara, 茨)、うまら (umara, 茨)、むばら (mubara, 茨)
* Nanori: あし (ashi)、えばら (ebara)、ばら (bara)、まつ (matsu)、まん (man)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 茨
* いばら Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 荊 棘
/ubara/ → /ibara/
Sound shift from Old Japanese ubara (see below). Now the modern version of this term.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いばら [ìbárá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [iba̠ɾa̠]

#### Noun

茨(いばら) • (ibara)
* a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble
    Synonyms: 刺 (toge), 棘 (toge), 針 (hari), 鍼 (hari)
** 1999 May 27, “魔(ま)界(かい)のイバラ [Thorns of the Demon World]”, in Vol.3, Konami:
    魔(ま)界(かい)に生(せい)息(そく)するイバラ。無(む)理(り)に通(とお)ろうとする者(もの)にからみつく。
       Makai ni seisoku suru ibara. Muri ni tōrō to suru mono ni karamitsuku.
       A thorny plant that grows in the demon world. It constricts any unwary passerby.
* (regional, chiefly Kansai) a thorn on a plant
* general name for wild roses
* (figurative) suffering, hardship, distress
* (architecture, construction) the point where two curved lines come together, such as the tip of a cusped gable
* (historical, slang) during the Edo period, a downmarket prostitute
    Synonym: 端女郎 (hashijorou)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 茨
* うばら Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. Used in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
Appears alongside the umara form (see below), suggesting possible prenasalization, perhaps realized as */umbara/.
Superseded by ibara above.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɯ̟ba̠ɾa̠]

#### Noun

茨(うばら) • (ubara)
* (archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble
* (archaic) general name for wild roses

##### Derived terms

* 薔薇(ばら) (bara)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 茨
* うまら Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. Used in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
Appears alongside the ubara form (see above), suggesting possible prenasalization, perhaps realized as */umbara/.
Superseded by ibara above.

#### Noun

茨(うまら) • (umara)
* (archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble
** 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki, page 47:翹棘 翹尅 音交 訓久波多川 棘 音里 訓宇末良(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (archaic) general name for wild roses

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 茨
* むばら Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 荊
Appears in the Heian period, apparently as a shift from ubara. Used in The Tales of Ise dating to the early 900s CE.
Considering the earlier free alternation between ubara and umara, suggesting a possible prenasalized pronunciation such as */umbara/, this mubara may have arisen from an alternative spelling to clarify nasalization. Old Japanese orthography had no unambiguous means of specifying the nasal coda consonant ん (n), using む (mu) instead. In fact, the modern kana ん (n) developed from a hentaigana form of む (mu).
Superseded by ibara above.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɯ̟ba̠ɾa̠]

#### Noun

茨(むばら) • (mubara)
* (archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble
* (archaic) general name for wild roses

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3832:, text here
* ↑ c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4352:, text here
   * Unknown (794) Yoshinori Kobayashi, editor, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (Kojisho Ongi Shūsei) (in Japanese), volume 1, Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN.

## Korean
### Hanja

茨 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

茨: Hán Nôm readings: tỳ, tì
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.