# 感慨
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǎnkǎi
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˇ ㄎㄞˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^2$ koi$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kám-khói
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kám-khài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gam$^2$ kai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǎnkǎi [Phonetic: gánkǎi]
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˇ ㄎㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǎnkǎi
*** Wade–Giles: kan$^3$-kʻai$^3$
*** Yale: gǎn-kǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaankae
*** Palladius: ганькай (ganʹkaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$感嘅 感慨
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^2$ koi$^3$
*** Yale: gám koi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^2$ koi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^2$ koi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm³⁵ kʰɔːi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kám-khói
*** Hakka Romanization System: gam$^ˋ$ koi$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gam$^3$ koi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kam³¹ kʰoi̯³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám-khài
*** Tâi-lô: kám-khài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafmqaix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰai²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gam$^2$ kai$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kám khài
*** Sinological IPA : /kam⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰai²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: komX khojH
Rime :
| Character | 感 | 慨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 古禫切 | 苦蓋切 |
| Baxter | komX | khojH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʌm$^X$/ | /kʰʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kəm$^X$/ | /kʰəi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɒm$^X$/ | /kʰɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəm$^X$/ | /kʰəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kᴀm$^X$/ | /kʰᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kɒm$^X$/ | /kʰɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kăm$^X$/ | /kʰɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gǎn | kài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gam$^2$ | hoi$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤ[ə]mʔ [kʰ]ˤə[t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kɯːmʔ kʰɯːds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 感 | 慨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gǎn | kài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kom$^X$ › | ‹ khoj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁ[ə]mʔ/ | /*[kʰ]ˁə[t]-s/ |
| English | move (emotionally) (v.t.) | disappointed |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 感 | 慨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13498 | 5814 |
| Phonetic component | 咸 | 旡 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 感 | 磕 |
| Old Chinese | /*kɯːmʔ/ | /*kʰɯːds/ |

### Verb

感慨
* to have a stirring of emotion and sigh with regret

#### Derived terms

* 感慨萬千／感慨万千
* 感慨系之

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 感慨(かんがい) (kangai)
* → Korean: 감개(感慨) (gamgae)
* → Vietnamese: cảm khái (感慨)

#### See also

* 感嘆／感叹 (gǎntàn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 感 | 慨 |
| かん Grade: 3 | がい Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 感慨 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かんがい [kàńgáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kã̠ŋɡa̠i]

### Noun

感(かん)慨(がい) • (kangai)
* strong emotion, deep emotion

#### Derived terms

* 感慨一入
* 感慨無量
* 感慨深い

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.