# 流連
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liúlián
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lau$^4$ lin$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liù-lièn
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liû-liân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liúlián
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lióulián
*** Wade–Giles: liu$^2$-lien$^2$
*** Yale: lyóu-lyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lioulian
*** Palladius: люлянь (ljuljanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$榴槤／榴梿 榴蓮／榴莲 榴連／榴连 流連／流连
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lau$^4$ lin$^4$
*** Yale: làuh lìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lau$^4$ lin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: leo$^4$ lin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐu̯²¹ liːn²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$榴槤／榴梿 流連／流连
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liù-lièn
*** Hakka Romanization System: liu$^ˇ$ lien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: liu$^2$ lian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /li̯u¹¹ li̯en¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû-liân
*** Tâi-lô: liû-liân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liulieen
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liu²⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liu²⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liu¹³⁻²² liɛn¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liu²⁴⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu²³⁻³³ liɛn²³/
* Middle Chinese: ljuw ljen
Rime :
| Character | 流 | 連 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 力求切 | 力延切 |
| Baxter | ljuw | ljen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨu/ | /liᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liu/ | /liɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /liəu/ | /ljæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /luw/ | /lian/ |
| Li Rong | /liu/ | /liɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭəu/ | /lĭɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /li̯ə̯u/ | /li̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liú | lián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lau$^4$ | lin$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ru [r]a[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ru ren/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 流 | 連 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | liú | lián |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljuw › | ‹ ljen › |
| Old Chinese | /*ru/ | /*[r]a[n]/ |
| English | flow (v.) | connect in a row |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 流 | 連 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 8335 | 7992 |
| Phonetic component | 流 | 連 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 劉 | 連 |
| Old Chinese | /*ru/ | /*ren/ |
| Notes | 或爲毓省聲 | |

#### Verb

流連
* to be reluctant to leave; to linger
* (literary) to enjoy oneself and forget to go home
* (literary) to be forced to migrate and be separated from each other
* (literary) to repeat
* (literary) to shed tears

##### Synonyms

* (to be reluctant to leave): 留戀／留恋 (liúliàn), 依戀／依恋 (yīliàn)

##### Derived terms

* 流連忘返／流连忘返 (liúliánwàngfǎn)
* 流連荒亡／流连荒亡

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 流連 – see 榴槤 (“durian”). (This term is a variant form of 榴槤).