# 豆乾
## Chinese

* 豆乾

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dòugān
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄡˋ ㄍㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dau$^6$ gon$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): teu$^5$ gon$^1$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): têu$^4$ gon$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dâu-guăng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tāu-koaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dao$^7$ guan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dòugān
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ ㄍㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dòugan
*** Wade–Giles: tou$^4$-kan$^1$
*** Yale: dòu-gān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dowgan
*** Palladius: доугань (douganʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /toʊ̯⁵¹ kän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dau$^6$ gon$^1$
*** Yale: dauh gōn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dau$^6$ gon$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: deo$^6$ gon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐu̯²² kɔːn⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: teu$^5$ gon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɛu¹¹ kɵn⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: têu$^4$ gon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰeu⁵³ kɔn⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dâu-guăng
*** Sinological IPA : /tau²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(k-)}$uaŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāu-koaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tāu-kuann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dauxkvoaf
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tau³³⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /tau²²⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tau⁴¹⁻²² kuã³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tau³³⁻¹¹ kuã⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dao$^7$ guan$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tāu kuaⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /tau¹¹ kũã³³/

### Noun

豆乾
* dougan; dried tofu
* (Nanchang Gan, Meixian Hakka, Teochew) tofu; bean curd

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 豆腐乾 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 豆腐乾兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 豆腐乾, 豆乾 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 豆腐乾兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 豆乾 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 豆腐乾兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 豆腐乾兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 豆腐乾兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 豆腐乾兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 豆腐乾 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 豆乾兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 豆腐乾 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 豆腐乾 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 豆腐乾兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 豆腐乾兒, 豆腐乾 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 乾子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 豆腐乾 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 豆腐乾兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 豆腐乾 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 豆腐乾 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 乾子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 乾子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 豆腐膶, 豆膶, 豆乾 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 豆腐膶, 豆膶 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 豆腐乾 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 豆腐乾 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 豆腐乾 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 豆腐膶, 豆乾 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 豆乾 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 豆腐乾 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 乾豆腐 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 香乾子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 乾豆乾 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 豆腐乾 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 豆腐乾 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 豆腐乾 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 豆腐乾 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 豆腐乾 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 豆腐乾 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 豆腐乾 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 豆腐乾 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 豆腐乾 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 豆腐乾兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 腐乾子 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 豆腐乾兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 豆脯仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 豆乾, 豆乾脯 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 香乾 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 香乾 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 豆腐乾, 香腐 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 香腐 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 香腐 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Yun'ao) | 香腐 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 豆乾, 香腐 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 豆腐乾 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 豆乾 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 豆腐乾 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 豆腐乾 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 豆腐乾 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 豆腐乾 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 豆腐乾 |
| Wu | Danyang | 豆腐乾 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 豆腐乾 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 豆腐乾 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 豆腐乾 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 豆腐乾 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 乾子, 香乾子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 乾子豆腐 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 豆腐 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 豆腐 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 豆腐 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 豆腐 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 豆腐 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 豆腐 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 豆腐 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 豆腐 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 豆腐 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 豆腐 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 豆腐 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 豆腐 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 豆腐 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 豆腐 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 豆腐 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 豆腐 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 豆腐 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 豆腐 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 豆腐 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Macau (Tanka) | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Changtan) | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 豆腐焦 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 水豆腐 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 豆腐 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 豆乾 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 豆腐 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 豆腐 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 豆腐, 豆乾 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 豆腐 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 豆腐 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 豆腐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 豆腐 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 豆腐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 豆腐 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 豆腐 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 豆腐 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 豆腐 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 豆腐 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 豆腐 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Yun'ao) | 豆乾 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 豆腐 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 豆腐, 豆腐白 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 豆腐 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 豆腐 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 豆腐 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 豆腐 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 豆腐 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 豆腐 |
| Wu | Danyang | 豆腐 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 豆腐 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 豆腐 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 豆腐 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 豆腐 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 豆腐, 水片子, 和尚肉 humorous |
| Xiang | Loudi | 豆腐 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 豆腐 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 豆腐 |

#### Derived terms

* 糋豆乾／糋豆干
* 豆乾糋／豆干糋

#### Descendants

* → English: tau kwa, dougan
* → Malay: taukua
* → Tagalog: tokwa

### References

* Duffus, William (1883) “curd”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 61
* “Entry #3456”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.