# ⳉⲱⲡⲉ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϣⲱⲡⲉ (šōpe) — Sahidic, Lycopolitan, Old Coptic
* ϣⲱⲡⲓ (šōpi) — Bohairic, Fayyumic
* ⳋⲱⲡⲉ (çōpe) — Dialect P
* ⳃⲱⲡⲉ (çōpe) — Proto-Lycopolitan

### Verb

ⳉⲱⲡⲉ • (xōpe) (stative ⳉⲟⲟⲡ)
* (Akhmimic, intransitive) to become, befall
* (Akhmimic, stative) to be, exist

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⳉⲱⲡⲉ xōpe | imperative | affirmative | ⳉⲱⲡⲉ xōpe |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ tm̄xōpe, tm̄n̄xōpe | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄n̄xōpe |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⳉⲱⲡⲉ tixōpe | ⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ kxōpe | ⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ texōpe | ϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ fxōpe | ⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ sxōpe | ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ tn̄xōpe | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ tetn̄xōpe | ⲥⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ sexōpe | ⳉⲱⲡⲉ xōpe |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ eïxōpe | ⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ ekxōpe | ⲉⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ erexōpe | ⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ efxōpe | ⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ esxōpe | ⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ enxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etetn̄xōpe | ⲉⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ euxōpe | ⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ e- xōpe, ere- xōpe |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⳉⲱⲡⲉ etixōpe | ⲉⲧⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ etkxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexōpe, eterexōpe | ⲉⲧϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etfxōpe | ⲉⲧⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etsxōpe | ⲉⲧⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ etnxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etetn̄xōpe | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ etouxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ ete- xōpe, etere- xōpe |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ naïxōpe | ⲛⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ nakxōpe | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ narexōpe | ⲛⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nafxōpe | ⲛⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nasxōpe | ⲛⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ nanxōpe | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ natetn̄xōpe | ⲛⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ nauxōpe | ⲛⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ na- xōpe, nare- xōpe |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ aixōpe | ⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ akxōpe | ⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ arexōpe | ⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ afxōpe | ⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ asxōpe | ⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ anxōpe | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ aretenxōpe | ⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ auxōpe | ⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲁⲣ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ a- xōpe, ar- xōpe, are- xōpe |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ tinaxōpe | ⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ knaxōpe | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ tenaxōpe | ϥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ fnaxōpe | ⲥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ snaxōpe | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ tn̄naxōpe | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ tetnaxōpe | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ senaxōpe | ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ naxōpe |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ eïnaxōpe | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ eknaxōpe | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ erenaxōpe | ⲉϥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ efnaxōpe | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ esnaxōpe | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ ennaxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etetnaxōpe | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ eunaxōpe | ⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ e- naxōpe |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etinaxōpe | ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etknaxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etenaxōpe, eterenaxōpe | ⲉⲧϥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etfnaxōpe | ⲉⲧⲥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etsnaxōpe | ⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etnnaxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etetnaxōpe | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ etounaxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ ete- naxōpe |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ naïnaxōpe | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ naknaxōpe | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ narenaxōpe | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ nafnaxōpe | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ nasnaxōpe | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ nannaxōpe | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ netetnaxōpe | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ naunaxōpe | ⲛⲁ- ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ na- naxōpe |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ ainaxōpe | ⲁⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲕⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ aknaxōpe, eknaxōpe | ⲁⲣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ araxōpe | ⲁϥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ afnaxōpe | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ asnaxōpe | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ annaxōpe | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ aretennaxōpe | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ aunaxōpe | ⲁ- ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ a- naxōpe, are- naxōpe |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ aïxōpe | ⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ akxōpe | ⲁⲣⳉⲱⲡⲉ arxōpe | ⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ afxōpe | ⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ asxōpe | ⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ anxōpe | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ atetn̄xōpe | ⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ auxōpe | ⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ a- xōpe |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pixōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pk̄xōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pexōpe, m̄pr̄xōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pf̄xōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄ps̄xōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pn̄xōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄petn̄xōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pouxōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pe- xōpe |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ eaïxōpe | ⲉⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ eakxōpe | ⲉⲁⲣⳉⲱⲡⲉ earxōpe | ⲉⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ eafxōpe | ⲉⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ easxōpe | ⲉⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ eanxōpe | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ eatetn̄xōpe | ⲉⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ eauxōpe | ⲉⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ ea- xōpe |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pixōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pk̄xōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pexōpe, em̄pr̄xōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pf̄xōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄ps̄xōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pn̄xōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄petn̄xōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pouxōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pe- xōpe |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etaïxōpe | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ etakxōpe | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⳉⲱⲡⲉ etarxōpe | ⲉⲧⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etafxōpe | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etasxōpe | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ etanxōpe | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etatetn̄xōpe | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ etauxōpe | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ eta- xōpe |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pixōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pk̄xōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pexōpe, etem̄pr̄xōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pf̄xōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄ps̄xōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pn̄xōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄petn̄xōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pouxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pe- xōpe |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ neaïxōpe | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ neakxōpe | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⳉⲱⲡⲉ nearxōpe | ⲛⲉⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ neafxōpe | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ neasxōpe | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ neanxōpe | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ neatetn̄xōpe | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ neauxōpe | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nea- xōpe |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pixōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pk̄xōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pexōpe, nem̄pr̄xōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pf̄xōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄ps̄xōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pn̄xōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄petn̄xōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pouxōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pe- xōpe |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ naïxōpe | ⲛⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ nakxōpe | ⲛⲁⲣⳉⲱⲡⲉ narxōpe | ⲛⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nafxōpe | ⲛⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nasxōpe | ⲛⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ nanxōpe | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ natetn̄xōpe | ⲛⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ nauxōpe | ⲛⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ na- xōpe |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄patixōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄patk̄xōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄patexōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄patf̄xōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pats̄xōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄patn̄xōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄patetn̄xōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄patouxōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ m̄pate- xōpe |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄patixōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄patk̄xōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄patexōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄patf̄xōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pats̄xōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄patn̄xōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄patetn̄xōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄patouxōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ em̄pate- xōpe |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patixōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patk̄xōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patexōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patf̄xōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pats̄xōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patn̄xōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patetn̄xōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patouxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pate- xōpe |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patixōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patk̄xōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patexōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patf̄xōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pats̄xōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patn̄xōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patetn̄xōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patouxōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pate- xōpe |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ xareïxōpe | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ xarekxōpe | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ xarexōpe | ⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ xarefxōpe | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ xaresxōpe | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ xarenxōpe | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ xaretetn̄xōpe | ⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ xarouxōpe | ⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ xare- xōpe |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ maïxōpe | ⲙⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ makxōpe | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ marexōpe | ⲙⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ mafxōpe | ⲙⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ masxōpe | ⲙⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ manxōpe | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ matetn̄xōpe | ⲙⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ mauxōpe | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲙⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ mare- xōpe, ma- xōpe |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ exareïxōpe | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ exarekxōpe | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ exarexōpe | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ exarefxōpe | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ exaresxōpe | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ exarenxōpe | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ exaretetn̄xōpe | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ exarouxōpe | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ exare- xōpe |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ emaïxōpe | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ emakxōpe | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ emarexōpe | ⲉⲙⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ emafxōpe | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ emasxōpe | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ emanxōpe | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ ematetn̄xōpe | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ emauxōpe | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲙⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ emare- xōpe, ema- xōpe |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexareïxōpe, etxareïxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexarekxōpe, etxarekxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexarexōpe, etxarexōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexarefxōpe, etxarefxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexaresxōpe, etxaresxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexarenxōpe, etxarenxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexaretetn̄xōpe, etxaretetn̄xōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexarouxōpe, etxarouxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etexare- xōpe, etxare- xōpe |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemaïxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemakxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemarexōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemafxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemasxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemanxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etematetn̄xōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemauxōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ etemare- xōpe, etema- xōpe |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexareïxōpe | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexarekxōpe | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexarexōpe | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexarefxōpe | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexaresxōpe | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexarenxōpe | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexaretetn̄xōpe | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexarouxōpe | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexare- xōpe |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemaïxōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemakxōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemarexōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemafxōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemasxōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemanxōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nematetn̄xōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemauxōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ nemare- xōpe, nema- xōpe |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲙⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ amaïxōpe | ⲁⲙⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ amakxōpe | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ amarexōpe | ⲁⲙⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ amafxōpe | ⲁⲙⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ amasxōpe | ⲁⲙⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ amanxōpe | ⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ amatetn̄xōpe | ⲁⲙⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ amauxōpe | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲙⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ amare- xōpe, ma- xōpe |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ aïaxōpe | ⲁⲕⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ akaxōpe | ⲁⲣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ araxōpe | ⲁϥⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ afaxōpe | ⲁⲥⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ asaxōpe | ⲁⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ anaxōpe | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ atetnaxōpe | ⲁⲩⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ auaxōpe | ⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ a- xōpe |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ naxōpe, enaxōpe | ⲛⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ nekxōpe, enekxōpe | ⲛⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ nexōpe, enexōpe | ⲛⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nefxōpe, enefxōpe | ⲛⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ nesxōpe, enesxōpe | ⲛⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ nenxōpe, enenxōpe | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ netn̄xōpe, enetn̄xōpe | ⲛⲉⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ neuxōpe, eneuxōpe | ⲛⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ ne- xōpe |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ marixōpe | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ marefxōpe | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ maresxōpe | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ marn̄xōpe | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ marouxōpe | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ mare- xōpe |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ mn̄taxōpe | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ mn̄tf̄xōpe | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ mn̄ts̄xōpe | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ mn̄tn̄xōpe | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ mn̄touxōpe | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ mn̄te- xōpe |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ taxōpe | ⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ kxōpe | ⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ texōpe | ϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ fxōpe, n̄tfxōpe | ⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ sxōpe | ⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ tn̄xōpe | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ tetn̄xōpe | ⲥⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲥⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ sexōpe, souxōpe | ⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ te- xōpe |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ tarixōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ tarekxōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ tarexōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ tarefxōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ taresxōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ tarn̄xōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ taretetn̄xōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ tarouxōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ tare- xōpe |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄tarixōpe, tarixōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄tarekxōpe, tarekxōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄tarexōpe, tarexōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄tarefxōpe, tarefxōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄taresxōpe, taresxōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄tarn̄xōpe, tarn̄xōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄taretn̄xōpe, taretn̄xōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄tarouxōpe, tarouxōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ n̄tare- xōpe, tare- xōpe |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⳉⲱⲡⲉ šatixōpe | ϣⲁⲧⲕ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ šatk̄xōpe | ϣⲁⲧⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ šatexōpe | ϣⲁⲧϥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ šatf̄xōpe | ϣⲁⲧⲥ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ šats̄xōpe | ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ šatn̄xōpe | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ šatetn̄xōpe | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ šatouxōpe | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ šate- xōpe |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ aïšaxōpe, eïšaxōpe | ⲁⲕϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲕϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ akšaxōpe, ekšaxōpe | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ arešaxōpe, erešaxōpe | ⲁϥϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉϥϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ afšaxōpe, efšaxōpe | ⲁⲥϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲥϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ asšaxōpe, esšaxōpe | ⲁⲛϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ anšaxōpe, enšaxōpe | ⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ ašatetn̄xōpe, ešatetn̄xōpe | ⲁⲩϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲩϣⲁⳉⲱⲡⲉ aušaxōpe, eušaxōpe | ⲁϣⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉϣⲁ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ aša- xōpe, eša- xōpe |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓ̈ⳉⲱⲡⲉ aïxōpe | ⲁⲕⳉⲱⲡⲉ akxōpe | ⲁⲣⲉⳉⲱⲡⲉ arexōpe | ⲁϥⳉⲱⲡⲉ afxōpe | ⲁⲥⳉⲱⲡⲉ asxōpe | ⲁⲛⳉⲱⲡⲉ anxōpe | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⳉⲱⲡⲉ atetn̄xōpe | ⲁⲩⳉⲱⲡⲉ auxōpe | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⳉⲱⲡⲉ are- xōpe |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- |

#### Derived terms

* ⲧⳉⲡⲟ (txpo, “to beget”) (causative)