# 無知
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wúzhī
    (Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄓ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mou$^4$ zi$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vù-tî
* Eastern Min (BUC): ù-dĭ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bû-ti / bô-ti
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bho$^5$ di$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wúzhī
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄓ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wújhih
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^2$-chih$^1$
*** Yale: wú-jr̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wujy
*** Palladius: учжи (učži)
*** Sinological IPA : /u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^4$ zi$^1$
*** Yale: mòuh jī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^4$ dzi$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^4$ ji$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vù-tî
*** Hakka Romanization System: vu$^ˇ$ di$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vu$^2$ di$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /vu¹¹ ti²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ù-dĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /u⁵³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(t-)}$li⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bû-ti
*** Tâi-lô: bû-ti
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bu'dy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bu¹³⁻²² ti⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bu²⁴⁻²² ti³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bu²⁴⁻²² ti⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bu²⁴⁻¹¹ ti⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu²³⁻³³ ti⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô-ti
*** Tâi-lô: bô-ti
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boi'dy
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɤ²³⁻³³ ti⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bo²⁴⁻¹¹ ti⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bho$^5$ di$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bô ti
*** Sinological IPA : /bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ti³³/
* Middle Chinese: mju trje
Rime :
| Character | 無 | 知 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 武夫切 | 陟移切 |
| Baxter | mju | trje |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨo/ | /ʈiᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mio/ | /ʈiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mio/ | /ȶjɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muə̆/ | /ʈiə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /mio/ | /ȶie/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭu/ | /ȶǐe/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯u/ | /ȶie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wú | zhī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mou$^4$ | zi$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ma|mo tre/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ma ʔl'e/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 無 | 無 | 無 | 知 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wú | wú | wú | zhī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mju › | ‹ mju › | ‹ mju › | ‹ trje › |
| Old Chinese | /*ma/ | /*ma/ | /*mo/ | /*tre/ |
| English | not have | volitional prefix | don’t | know |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 無 | 知 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13117 | 11495 |
| Phonetic component | 無 | 矢 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 無 | |
| Old Chinese | /*ma/ | /*ʔl'e/ |
| Notes | | 沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲 |

### Verb

無知
* to be ignorant
       Qǐng yuánliàng wǒ de wúzhī. [Pinyin]
       Please excuse my ignorance.

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 無知(むち) (muchi)
* → Korean: 무지(無知) (muji)
* → Vietnamese: vô tri (無知)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 無 | 知 |
| む Grade: 4 | ち Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 無智

### Etymology

知 is a daiyōji replacing 智

### Adjective

無(む)知(ち) • (muchi) -na (adnominal 無(む)知(ち)な (muchi na), adverbial 無(む)知(ち)に (muchi ni))
* ignorant

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 無知だろ | むちだろ | muchi daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 無知で | むちで | muchi de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 無知だ | むちだ | muchi da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 無知な | むちな | muchi na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 無知なら | むちなら | muchi nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 無知であれ | むちであれ | muchi de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 無知ではない 無知じゃない | むちではない むちじゃない | muchi de wa nai muchi ja nai |
| Informal past | 無知だった | むちだった | muchi datta |
| Informal negative past | 無知ではなかった 無知じゃなかった | むちではなかった むちじゃなかった | muchi de wa nakatta muchi ja nakatta |
| Formal | 無知です | むちです | muchi desu |
| Formal negative | 無知ではありません 無知じゃありません | むちではありません むちじゃありません | muchi de wa arimasen muchi ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 無知でした | むちでした | muchi deshita |
| Formal negative past | 無知ではありませんでした 無知じゃありませんでした | むちではありませんでした むちじゃありませんでした | muchi de wa arimasen deshita muchi ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 無知で | むちで | muchi de |
| Conditional | 無知なら（ば） | むちなら（ば） | muchi nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 無知だったら | むちだったら | muchi dattara |
| Volitional | 無知だろう | むちだろう | muchi darō |
| Adverbial | 無知に | むちに | muchi ni |
| Degree | 無知さ | むちさ | muchisa |

### Noun

無(む)知(ち) • (muchi)
* ignorance

#### Synonyms

* 不知(ふち) (fuchi)

#### References

* s:ja:同音の漢字による書きかえ
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.