# 成長
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chéngzhǎng
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄓㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sing$^4$ zoeng$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n-chóng
* Eastern Min (BUC): sìng-diòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sêng-tióng / sêng-tiáng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng$^5$ ziang$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéngzhǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄓㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéngjhǎng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$-chang$^3$
*** Yale: chéng-jǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngjaang
*** Palladius: чэнчжан (čɛnčžan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^4$ zoeng$^2$
*** Yale: sìhng jéung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^4$ dzoeng$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^4$ zêng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ²¹ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n-chóng
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin$^ˇ$ zong$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^2$ zong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹ t͡soŋ³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng-diòng
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ⁵³⁻³³ $^{(t-)}$nuoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-tióng
*** Tâi-lô: sîng-tióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sengdiorng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-tiáng
*** Tâi-lô: sîng-tiáng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sengdiarng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ¹³⁻²² tiaŋ⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sêng$^5$ ziang$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng tsiáng
*** Sinological IPA : /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siaŋ⁵²/

### Verb

成長
* to grow up; to grow to maturity

#### Synonyms

* (literary) 長成／长成 (zhǎngchéng)

#### Derived terms

* 成長性／成长性 (chéngzhǎngxìng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 成長(せいちょう) (seichō)
* → Korean: 성장(成長) (seongjang)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 成 | 長 |
| せい Grade: 4 | ちょう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

成(せい)長(ちょう) • (seichō)
* growth; maturation

### Verb

成(せい)長(ちょう)する • (seichō suru) suru (stem 成(せい)長(ちょう)し (seichō shi), past 成(せい)長(ちょう)した (seichō shita))
* grow
* grow up, become big

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 成長し | せいちょうし | seichō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 成長し | せいちょうし | seichō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 成長する | せいちょうする | seichō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 成長する | せいちょうする | seichō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 成長すれ | せいちょうすれ | seichō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 成長せよ¹ 成長しろ² | せいちょうせよ¹ せいちょうしろ² | seichō seyo¹ seichō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 成長される | せいちょうされる | seichō sareru |
| Causative | 成長させる 成長さす | せいちょうさせる せいちょうさす | seichō saseru seichō sasu |
| Potential | 成長できる | せいちょうできる | seichō dekiru |
| Volitional | 成長しよう | せいちょうしよう | seichō shiyō |
| Negative | 成長しない | せいちょうしない | seichō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 成長せず | せいちょうせず | seichō sezu |
| Formal | 成長します | せいちょうします | seichō shimasu |
| Perfective | 成長した | せいちょうした | seichō shita |
| Conjunctive | 成長して | せいちょうして | seichō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 成長すれば | せいちょうすれば | seichō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||