# فرس
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *paras-, compare Ge'ez ፈረሰ (färäsä, “to demolish”), Hebrew פָּרַס (pārás, “to divide”), Aramaic פְּרַס (pᵊras, “to divide”), Akkadian 𒋻 (parāsum, “to cut off”). From the root ف ر س (f-r-s).
Also, from Proto-Semitic *paraš-, Aramaic פְרַשׁ (pᵊraš, “to cut off”).
Further, Arabic فَرَصَ (faraṣa, “to slit”), Hebrew פָּרַץ (pāraṣ, “to breach”), Akkadian 𒉺𒊏𒍮 (parāṣum, “to lie, to break an oath or breach trust”), Ge'ez ፈረጸ (färäṣä, “to break open”), Ugaritic 𐎔𐎗𐎕 (prṣ, “to open”), as well as Arabic فَرَضَ (faraḍa, “to notch”).
Also, Arabic فَرَقَ (faraqa, “to separate”), widespread in Semitic.
Also, Arabic فَرَثَ (faraṯa, “to scatter”), Aramaic פְּרַת (pᵊraṯ, “to tear apart”)

#### Verb

فَرَسَ • (farasa) I (non-past يَفْرِسُ (yafrisu), verbal noun فَرْس (fars))
* to maul, to tear up, to tatter

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

فَرْس • (fars) m
* verbal noun of فَرَسَ (farasa) (form I)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Cognate with Hebrew פָּרָשׁ (pārā́š, “horseman”), Classical Syriac ܦܪܫܐ (parašā, “horseman”), Ge'ez ፈረስ (färäs, “horse”).

#### Noun

فَرَس • (faras) m or f (plural أَفْرَاس (ʔafrās))
* horse, mare
    Synonyms: حِصَان (ḥiṣān), خَيْل (ḵayl)

##### Descendants

* → Afar: farás
* → Baldemu: pilish (possibly)
* → Portuguese: alfaraz, Alfaraz
* → Swahili: farasi
** → Kikuyu: mbarathi
** → Lingala: farása
** → Luganda: mbalaàsi
** → Tooro: embaraasi

##### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “فرس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2367

### Etymology 3

From Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa).

#### Verb

فَرَّسَ • (farrasa) II (non-past يُفَرِّسُ (yufarrisu), verbal noun تَفْرِيس (tafrīs))
* to persianize/persify

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

فُرْس • (furs) m (collective, singulative فَارِسِيّ m (fārisiyy))
* Persians

##### Related terms

* فَارِس (fāris)

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic فَرَس (faras).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [fa.ˈɾas]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fä.ɾǽs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fä.ɾǽs]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [fä.ɾǽs]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [fä.ɾǽs]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [fæ.ɹǽs]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [fä.ɾǽs]

#### Noun

فرس • (faras) (plural افراس (afrâs))
* (literary) horse
    Synonym: اسب (asb)
** c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 102:دور از رکاب او شرفی بس که گه گهی گردی رسد بدیده ز راه فرس مراdūr az rikāb-i ō šarafē bas ki gah gahē gardē rasad ba-dīda zi rāh-i faras ma-rāFar away from her saddle, the honor is enough that from time to time, A mote of dust reaches my eyes from the road of her horse.(Classical Persian transliteration)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic فُرْس (furs).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [fuɾs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fʊɹs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fʊɹs]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [fʊɹs]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [fuɹs]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [foɹs]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [fuɹs]

#### Noun

فرس • (fors) (literary)
* the Persians, the Iranians (as a whole); Iran, Persia
    Synonyms: فارس‌ها (fârs-hâ), ایرانیان (irâniyân), عجم (ajam)
* the Persian language; mainly in فرس قدیم (fors-e qadim, “Old Persian, ancient Persian language”).
    Synonyms: فارسی (fârsi), پارسی (pârsi), دری (dari)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “فرس”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic فَرَس (faras).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fa.ras/, [ˈfa.ras]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Noun

فرس • (faras) m (plural أفراس (ʔafrās))
* mare

##### Derived terms

* فرس النهر (faras in-nahr, “hippo”)

##### See also

* حصان (ḥsān, “horse”)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic فُرْس (furs).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /furs/, [fʊrs]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Noun

فرس • (furs) pl
* plural of فارسي (fārsi, “Persian”)

#### Adjective

فرس • (furs)
* plural of فارسي (fārsi, “Persian”)