# devel
## English
### Noun

devel (plural devels)
* (Scotland) Alternative spelling of devvel (a hard blow)

### Verb

devel (third-person singular simple present devels, present participle develling, simple past and past participle develled)
* (Scotland) Alternative spelling of devvel

### Anagrams

* Delve, delve

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* deovel, deevel, devil, dyvel, devul, devyl, devell, devyll, deul, dewel, deyle, devull, dele

### Etymology

From Old English dēofol, dēoful, from earlier dīobul, from Proto-West Germanic *diubul, from Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdeːvəl/, /ˈdɛvəl/, /deːl/

### Noun

devel (plural develes or defles or develen)
* Satan, Lucifer (in Early ME, without the definite article)
** a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Summoner's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 1693–1696:Right so as bees out swarmen from an hyve, / Out of the develes ers ther gonne dryve / Twenty thousand freres on a route / And thurghout helle swarmed al aboute...Just like bees swarm from a hive / Out of the devil's arse there were driven / Twenty thousand friars on a rout / And throughout hell they swarmed all about...
* A devil; an evil creature that resides in the Christian hell.
** c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, James 2:19, page 110r, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:þou bileueſt þat o god is .· þou doiſt wel / ⁊ deuelis bileuen .· ⁊ tremblenYou believe that there's one God; you're doing well. But devils believe, and tremble.
* A pagan or heretical god; a deity considered to be false or an idol.
* (figurative) A malicious or sinful person; one who is evil.
* (rare) A fantastic beast or monstrous creature.

#### Derived terms

* develiche
* develissh
* develrye
* devely

#### Descendants

* English: devil (see there for further descendants)
* Scots: deil, deel, deevil
* Yola: deevil, deel (syncopated)

#### References

* “dẹ̄vel, devel, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-12.

## Romani
### Alternative forms

* del

### Etymology

Two etymologies have been proposed:
* Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀉𑀮 (devaüla), from Sanskrit देवकुल (devakula).
* Inherited from Sanskrit देवता (devatā).

### Noun

devel m (accusative devles, nominative plural devla, accusative plural devlen)
* god
* sky
* heaven

#### Derived terms

* Devel

#### Descendants

* Caló: debel

### References

* 1 2 Jules Bloch (1920) “devaḷ deuḷ”, in Dev Raj Chanana, transl., The Formation of the Marāṭhī Language, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House, published 2010, →ISBN, →OCLC, retrieved September 1, 2021, page 351, →ISBN
* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dēvátā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 373
* 1 2 3 4 Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “devèl”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 70b
* ↑ Yaron Matras (2002) “Historical and linguistic origins”, in Romani: A Linguistic Introduction‎, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 39
* 1 2 3 Marcel Courthiade (2009) “o dev/el¹, -les m. -la, -len = o de/l²³, -vles m. -vla, -vlen”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 124ab
* ↑ Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “devel, ～a”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 148a