# 逍遙
## Chinese
### Etymology

A reduplicative ideophonic word, originally meaning “to walk leisurely”. As a concept in Chinese philosophy, xiaoyao was featured prominently in the ancient text of Zhuangzi. Compare the similar reduplicative formations of:
* 招搖 (OC *tjew lew, “to walk freely > to act pretentiously”)
* 優游 (OC *qu lu, “at leisure”)
* 夭紹 (OC *qrow djewʔ), 要紹 (OC *qew djewʔ, “lithe; relaxed”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiāoyáo
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ ㄧㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): siu$^1$ jiu$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): siĕu-ièu
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siau-iâu
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shiau-yau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāoyáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ ㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siaoyáo
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^1$-yao$^2$
*** Yale: syāu-yáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiauyau
*** Palladius: сяояо (sjaojao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^1$ jiu$^4$
*** Yale: sīu yìuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^1$ jiu$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^1$ yiu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯⁵⁵ jiːu̯²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siĕu-ièu
*** Sinological IPA : /sieu⁵⁵ ieu⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siau-iâu
*** Tâi-lô: siau-iâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siau'iaau
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siau⁴⁴⁻²² iau²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siau³³ iau²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siau⁴⁴⁻²² iau¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ iau²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ iau²³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$shiau-yau
*** MiniDict: shiau$^平$ yau
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$xiau-hhiau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɔ⁵⁵ ɦiɔ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: sjew yew
Rime :
| Character | 逍 | 遙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 相邀切 | 餘昭切 |
| Baxter | sjew | yew |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siᴇu/ | /jiᴇu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɛu/ | /jiɛu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjæu/ | /jæu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /siaw/ | /jiaw/ |
| Li Rong | /siɛu/ | /iɛu/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭɛu/ | /jĭɛu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /si̯ɛu/ | /i̯ɛu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiāo | yáo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | siu$^1$ | jiu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sew lew/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 逍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjew › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]ew/ |
| English | be at ease |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 逍 | 遙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13744 | 14705 |
| Phonetic component | 肖 | 謠 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 宵 | 遙 |
| Old Chinese | /*sew/ | /*lew/ |

### Verb

逍遙
* (literary) to stroll relaxingly; to walk leisurely; to wander in a carefree manner; to saunter about
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Gāo qiú xiāoyáo, hú qiú yǐ cháo. Qǐ bù ěr sī, láoxīn dāodāo. [Pinyin]
    In your lamb's fur you saunter about; In your fox's fur you hold your court. How should I not think anxiously about you? My toiled heart is full of grief.
* (literary) to pace back and forth; to dither
    Synonyms: 走來走去／走来走去 (zǒuláizǒuqù), 躑躅／踯躅 (zhízhú), 踟躕／踟蹰 (chíchú), 徘徊, 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán), 彷徨 (pánghuáng), 盤旋／盘旋 (pánxuán)
* (literary) to relish; to appreciate; to delight in

### Adjective

逍遙
* (often in Chinese philosophy) free and unfettered; carefree; untroubled
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Pánghuáng hū wú wéi qí cè, xiāoyáo hū qǐnwò qí xià? [Pinyin]
    […] There you might saunter idly by its side, or in the enjoyment of untroubled ease sleep beneath it.
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    yǐ yóu xiāoyáo zhī xū, shí yú gǒujiǎn zhī tián [Pinyin]
    Thus they rambled in the vacancy of Untroubled Ease, found their food in the fields of Indifference […]

#### Synonyms

* 享受 (xiǎngshòu)
* 停當／停当 (tíngdàng) (literary)
* 好受 (hǎoshòu)
* 安怡 (ānyí) (literary)
* 安逸 (ānyì)
* 安適／安适 (ānshì)
* 安閒／安闲 (ānxián)
* 寫意／写意 (xièyì) (dialectal)
* 得勁／得劲 (déjìn) (chiefly Zhongyuan Mandarin, Jilu Mandarin)
* 快活 (Hokkien)
* 恬逸 (tiányì) (literary)
* 敞快 (chǎngkuai)
* 是味 (shìwèi)
* 滋潤／滋润 (zīrùn) (colloquial)
* 爽快 (shuǎngkuài)
* 爽適／爽适 (sōng-sék) (Eastern Min)
* 自在 (zìzai)
* 舒坦
* 舒心 (shūxīn)
* 舒服
* 舒適／舒适 (shūshì)
* 適意／适意 (shìyì)

### Derived terms

* 玉逍遙／玉逍遥
* 自在逍遙／自在逍遥
* 逍遙事外／逍遥事外
* 逍遙傘／逍遥伞
* 逍遙公／逍遥公
* 逍遙園／逍遥园
* 逍遙子／逍遥子
* 逍遙學派／逍遥学派
* 逍遙巾／逍遥巾
* 逍遙座／逍遥座
* 逍遙服／逍遥服
* 逍遙椅／逍遥椅
* 逍遙樂／逍遥乐
* 逍遙樓／逍遥楼
* 逍遙法外／逍遥法外 (xiāoyáofǎwài)
* 逍遙津／逍遥津
* 逍遙物外／逍遥物外
* 逍遙自在／逍遥自在 (xiāoyáozìzài)
* 逍遙自娛／逍遥自娱
* 逍遙自得／逍遥自得
* 逍遙臺／逍遥台
* 逍遙輦／逍遥辇
* 逍遙遊／逍遥游
* 逍遙館／逍遥馆