# 聰明
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): cōngmíng
       (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цунмин (cunmin, I-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cung$^1$ ming$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tuung$^1$ men$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): cung$^1$ min
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhûng-mìn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cung$^1$ min$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chŭng-mìng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhong-bêng / chhang-miâ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cong$^1$ mêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tshon-min
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cōngmíng → cōngming (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄥˊ → ㄘㄨㄥ ˙ㄇㄧㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: congmi̊ng
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻung$^1$-ming$^5$
*** Yale: tsūng-ming
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsong.ming
*** Palladius: цунмин (cunmin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/ → /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ miŋ²/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цунмин (cunmin, I-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴ miŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cung$^1$ ming$^4$
*** Yale: chūng mìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsung$^1$ ming$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cung$^1$ ming$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: tuung$^1$ men$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɵŋ³³ ᵐben²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: cung$^1$ min
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuŋ⁴² min²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng-mìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: cung$^ˊ$ min$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cung$^1$ min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴ min¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cung$^1$ min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chŭng-mìng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhong-bêng
*** Tâi-lô: tshong-bîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhongbeeng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhang-miâ
*** Tâi-lô: tshang-miâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhangmiaa
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² miã¹³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰaŋ³³ miã²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ miã²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ miã²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² miã²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cong$^1$ mêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshong mêng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰoŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tshon-min
*** MiniDict: tshon$^平$ min
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tshon-min
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ min²¹/

### Adjective

聰明
* clever; intelligent; smart; bright
    他生得很聰明。／他生得很聪明。 ― Tā shēng de hěn cōngmíng. ― He is very smart.
    From: 1921, James Hutson, Chinese Life in the Tibetan Foothills/Riddles and Ditties
    yī ge què, què fēi shàng pō, yī ge què, què fēi xià pō, sān suì hái'ér huì chànggē, bùshì diēniáng gàosù wǒ, shì wǒ zìjǐ cōngmíng duō [Pinyin]
    One little birdie flies up the hill, another little birdie flies down the hill; a three-year old child is able to sing, not what the parents teach it, but what natural wisdom prompts.
    From: 朱自清《匆匆》
    Nǐ cōngmíng de, gàosu wǒ, wǒmen de rìzi wèishénme yī qù bù fùfǎn ne? [Pinyin]
    You the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return?
* (archaic, of hearing and vision) sharp; keen; perceptive

#### Synonyms

* 乖巧 (guāiqiǎo)
* 了了 (liǎoliǎo) (literary)
* 伶俐 (línglì)
* 奢遮 (Wu, of a child)
* 宿鬼 (Hokkien)
* 性靈／性灵 (xìnglíng) (literary)
* 敏慧 (mǐnhuì)
* 明慧 (mínghuì)
* 明智 (míngzhì)
* 機敏／机敏 (jīmǐn)
* 機智／机智 (jīzhì)
* 機穎／机颖 (literary)
* 機警／机警 (jījǐng)
* 機靈／机灵
* 活絡／活络 (Wu)
* 睿智 (ruìzhì)
* 穎異／颖异 (yǐngyì) (formal)
* 精濟／精济 (Hokkien, of a child)
* 精靈／精灵 (jīnglíng)
* 精齊／精齐 (Hokkien, of a child)
* 聰慧／聪慧 (cōnghuì)
* 聰敏／聪敏 (cōngmǐn)
* 聰穎／聪颖 (cōngyǐng) (formal)
* 英明 (yīngmíng)
* 調皮／调皮 (tiáopí)
* 靈／灵 (líng)
* 靈光／灵光 ($^6$lin-kuaon) (Wu)
* 鬼 (guǐ) (informal)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 聰明, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 聰明, 機靈, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎, 聰慧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 聰明 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 聰明 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 聰明 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 聰明 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 聰明 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 靈, 靈醒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 精靈, 聰明 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 聰明 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 聰明 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 聰明 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 聰明 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 聰明, 叻, 參 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 叻 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 伶俐, 叻 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 精, 扮𠮨 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 聰明, 精, 叻, 醒目, 扮𠮨 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 精靈, 聰明 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 聰明, 機靈 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 聰明, 精 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 聰明, 精 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 將 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 機靈, 聰明 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 聰明 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 聰明, 骨, 骨鳥 derogatory |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 聰明, 巧, 明白 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 聰明, 𠢕, 勥, 醒目, 巧 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 巧, 勥, 𠢕 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 精 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 精 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 聰明 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 聰明 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 靈, 聰明 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 靈泛, 聰明 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 聰明 |

#### Antonyms

* 棒槌 (bàngchuí)
* 笨拙 (bènzhuō)
* 鳩拙／鸠拙 (jiūzhuó)
* 拙笨 (zhuōbèn)
* 愚笨 (yúbèn)
* 愚蠢 (yúchǔn)
* 愚昧 (yúmèi)

#### Derived terms

* 冰雪聰明／冰雪聪明 (bīngxuěcōngmíng)
* 小聰明／小聪明 (xiǎocōngmíng)
* 絕頂聰明／绝顶聪明
* 耳目聰明／耳目聪明
* 聰明一世，懵懂一時／聪明一世，懵懂一时 (cōngmíng yīshì, měngdǒng yīshí)
* 聰明一世，糊塗一時／聪明一世，糊涂一时 (cōngmíng yīshì, hútú yīshí)
* 聰明乖覺／聪明乖觉
* 聰明人／聪明人 (cōngmíngrén)
* 聰明伶俐／聪明伶俐 (cōngmínglínglì)
* 聰明反被聰明誤／聪明反被聪明误 (cōngmíng fǎn bèi cōngmíng wù)
* 聰明才智／聪明才智 (cōngmíngcáizhì)
* 聰明絕頂／聪明绝顶 (cōngmíngjuédǐng)
* 自作聰明／自作聪明 (zìzuòcōngmíng)
* 鬼聰明／鬼聪明

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 聡(そう)明(めい) (sōmei)
* → Korean: 총명(聰明) (chongmyeong)
* → Vietnamese: thông minh (聰明)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 聰 | 明 |
| そう Hyōgai | めい Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology 1
#### Adjective

聰(そう)明(めい) • (sōmei) -na (adnominal 聰(そう)明(めい)な (sōmei na), adverbial 聰(そう)明(めい)に (sōmei ni))
* wise

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 聰明だろ | そうめいだろ | sōmei daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 聰明で | そうめいで | sōmei de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 聰明だ | そうめいだ | sōmei da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 聰明な | そうめいな | sōmei na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 聰明なら | そうめいなら | sōmei nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 聰明であれ | そうめいであれ | sōmei de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 聰明ではない 聰明じゃない | そうめいではない そうめいじゃない | sōmei de wa nai sōmei ja nai |
| Informal past | 聰明だった | そうめいだった | sōmei datta |
| Informal negative past | 聰明ではなかった 聰明じゃなかった | そうめいではなかった そうめいじゃなかった | sōmei de wa nakatta sōmei ja nakatta |
| Formal | 聰明です | そうめいです | sōmei desu |
| Formal negative | 聰明ではありません 聰明じゃありません | そうめいではありません そうめいじゃありません | sōmei de wa arimasen sōmei ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 聰明でした | そうめいでした | sōmei deshita |
| Formal negative past | 聰明ではありませんでした 聰明じゃありませんでした | そうめいではありませんでした そうめいじゃありませんでした | sōmei de wa arimasen deshita sōmei ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 聰明で | そうめいで | sōmei de |
| Conditional | 聰明なら（ば） | そうめいなら（ば） | sōmei nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 聰明だったら | そうめいだったら | sōmei dattara |
| Volitional | 聰明だろう | そうめいだろう | sōmei darō |
| Adverbial | 聰明に | そうめいに | sōmei ni |
| Degree | 聰明さ | そうめいさ | sōmeisa |

#### Noun

聰(そう)明(めい) • (sōmei)
* intelligence

#### Proper noun

聰(そう)明(めい) • (Sōmei)
* a male given name

### Etymology 2
#### Proper noun

聰明(としあき) • (Toshiaki)
* a male given name

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 聰 | 明 |

### Noun

聰明 • (chongmyeong) (hangeul 총명)
* hanja form of 총명 (“intelligence”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 聰 | 明 |

### Adjective

聰明
* chữ Hán form of thông minh (“clever, intelligent, smart”).