# ὦμος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃émōs. Cognates include Sanskrit अंस (áṃsa), Latin umerus, Old Armenian ուս (us), and Gothic 𐌰𐌼𐍃 (ams).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ̂ː.mos/ → /ˈo.mos/ → /ˈo.mos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɔ̂ː.mos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈo.mos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈo.mos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈo.mos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈo.mos/

### Noun

ὦμος • (ômos) m (genitive ὤμου); second declension
* shoulder with the upper arm; also of an animal
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.146: […], τὸν δ᾽ ἕτερον ξίφεϊ μεγάλῳ κληῗδα παρ᾽ ὦμον πλῆξ᾽, ἀπὸ δ᾽ αὐχένος ὦμον ἐέργαθεν ἠδ᾽ ἀπὸ νώτου. […], the other with his long sword on the collarbone, shearing the shoulder from the neck and spine.
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.106:"ἐγὼ τήνδε τὴν χώρην ὤμοισι τοῖσι ἐμοῖσι ἐκτησάμην.""egṑ tḗnde tḕn khṓrēn ṓmoisi toîsi emoîsi ektēsámēn.""I myself won this land with the strength of my shoulders."
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.267: […]· ὑψοῦ δὲ κάρη ἔχει, ἀμφὶ δὲ χαῖται ὤμοις ἀΐσσονται· […] […]; hupsoû dè kárē ékhei, amphì dè khaîtai ṓmois aḯssontai; […] […], tossing his head while his mane streams over his shoulders, […]
** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 430: […]· γλαυκιόων δ᾽ ὄσσοις δεινὸν πλευράς τε καὶ ὤμους οὐρῇ μαστιόων ποσσὶν γλάφει, […] […] his eyes glare fiercely, while he tears up the earth with his paws and lashes his flanks and shoulders with his tail […]
** (particularly) shoulder (sometimes in contrast to the arm)
    Synonyms: πρῠμνὸς ὦμος (prumnòs ômos), πρῠμνότᾰτος (prumnótatos)
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.341:Δηΐοχον δὲ Πάρις βάλε νείατον ὦμον ὄπισθε φεύγοντ᾽ ἐν προμάχοισι, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσεν.Deiochus fled with the other leaders, but Paris struck him from behind at the base of the shoulder, and drove the bronze clean through.
*** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 150:τῶν ἑκατὸν μὲν χεῖρες ἀπ᾽ ὤμων ἀίσσοντο, ἄπλαστοι, κεφαλαὶ δὲ ἑκάστῳ πεντήκοντα ἐξ ὤμων ἐπέφυκον ἐπὶ στιβαροῖσι μέλεσσιν· […] From their shoulders sprang a hundred arms, not to be approached, and fifty heads grew from the shoulders upon the strong limbs of each, […]
** shoulder of a dress
*** 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Exodus 28.12:καὶ θήσεις τοὺς δύο λίθους ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων τῆς ἐπωμίδος· […] kaì thḗseis toùs dúo líthous epì tôn ṓmōn tês epōmídos; […]And you shall set the two stones on the shoulders of the shoulder-strap.
* (figurative) parts below the top or head of anything, especially of the fork of a vine

#### Derived terms

* ᾰ̓κρωμῐ́ᾱ (akrōmíā)
* ᾰ̓́μφωμος (ámphōmos)
* ᾰ̓́ντωμος (ántōmos)
* ᾰ̓́νωμος (ánōmos)
* ἔξωμος (éxōmos)
* κᾰ́τωμος (kátōmos)
* ὠμᾰ́δῐος (ōmádios)
* ὠμᾰδῐ́ς (ōmadís)
* ὠμᾰλγῐ́ᾱ (ōmalgíā)
* ὠμᾰχθής (ōmakhthḗs)
* ὠμῐ́ᾱ (ōmíā)
* ὠμῐ́ᾱς (ōmíās)
* ὠμῐ́ᾱσῐς (ōmíāsis)
* ὠμῐ́δῐος (ōmídios)
* ὠμῐ́ζομαι (ōmízomai)
* ὤμῐον (ṓmion)
* ὠμοίδης (ōmoídēs)
* ὠμοκοτῠ́λη (ōmokotúlē)
* ὠμοκρᾰτής (ōmokratḗs)
* ὠμοκῡδῐᾰ́ω (ōmokūdiáō)
* ὠμοπλᾰ́τη (ōmoplátē)
* ὠμοτᾰ́ρῑχος (ōmotárīkhos)
* ὠμοφόρος (ōmophóros)
* ὠμοχᾰ́ρᾰξ (ōmokhárax)

#### Descendants

* ⇒ English: omo-
* Greek: ώμος (ómos)
* ⇒ New Latin: ōmohȳoīdēs, ōmohȳoīdeus

### See also

* ὠλένη (ōlénē)

### References

* “ὦμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ὦμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ὦμος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ὦμος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* ὦμος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “ὦμος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G5606 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. shoulder idem, page 769.
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN