# 銜

| 銜 | U+929C, &#37532; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-929C |
| ← 銛 [U+929B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 銝 → [U+929D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

銜 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹人金一弓 (HOCMN), four-corner 2110$_9$, composition ⿲彳釒亍)

#### Derived characters

* 㘅, 䲗, 䕔, 𦌫

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1305, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40390
* Dae Jaweon: page 1807, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 840, character 15
* Unihan data for U+929C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːm) : semantic 行 + phonetic 金 (OC *krɯm).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xián (xian$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haam$^4$ / ham$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hàng / gàng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khâⁿ / hâⁿ / hâm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gan$^5$ / ham$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xián
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sián
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^2$
*** Yale: syán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
*** Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haam$^4$ / ham$^4$
*** Yale: hàahm / hàhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haam$^4$ / ham$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ham$^4$ / hem$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːm²¹/, /hɐm²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hàng / gàng
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ⁵³/, /kaŋ⁵³/
* hàng - vernacular;
* gàng - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit銜 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕian³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕian²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕian⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕiã⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕian⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕiã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕiã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕian⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕian⁵¹/ /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕiɛn²¹³/ 頭～ /xan²¹³/ ～冤 |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /xan³¹/ /ɕian³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕian²¹/ /xan²¹/ 老 |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕiɛ̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕien²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕiĩ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕie¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕie̞¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕie³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦe²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦiɪ¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦẽ̞²¹³/ /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɦa³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕie⁴⁴/ /xɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /kɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xan¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɦan¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /han²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ham¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hɑm¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ham²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ham²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /ham²¹/ /hɐm²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ham³⁵/ /kã³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kaŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /aŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ham⁵⁵/ /kã⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ham³¹/ /ka³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: haem
Rime :
| Character | 銜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 銜 (149) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 戸監切 |
| Baxter | haem |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠam/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚam/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣam/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨm/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣam/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣam/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣam/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤr[a]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 銜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xián |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hæm › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁr[a]m/ |
| English | a bit |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 銜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13534 |
| Phonetic component | 銜 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 銜 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡraːm/ |
| Notes | 當爲從金行聲 |

### Definitions

銜
* to hold in the mouth
* to harbor (hold in one's thoughts)
* to connect
    銜接／衔接 ― xiánjiē ― to join together; to combine; to link up
* rank; title
    軍銜／军衔 ― jūnxián ― military rank
* (literary, or in compounds) to accept
* (literary, or in compounds) bit (of a horse)

#### Synonyms

* (to connect):
* 交合 (jiāohé)
* 交接 (jiāojiē)
* 嬋媛／婵媛 (chányuán) (literary)
* 拼 (pīn)
* 接 (jiē)
* 接連／接连 (jiēlián)
* 相接 (xiāngjiē)
* 相連／相连 (xiānglián)
* 續／续 (xù)
* 連／连
* 連接／连接 (liánjiē)
* 銜接／衔接 (xiánjiē)
* (to accept):
* 受
* 受容 (shòuróng) (literary)
* 吸收 (xīshōu)
* 吸納／吸纳 (xīnà)
* 容受 (róngshòu)
* 容納／容纳 (róngnà)
* 承受 (chéngshòu)
* 承領／承领 (Hakka)
* 接受 (jiēshòu)
* 接納／接纳 (jiēnà)
* 收受 (shōushòu)
* 領受／领受 (lǐngshòu)

#### Compounds

* 全銜／全衔
* 冰銜／冰衔
* 前銜／前衔
* 加銜／加衔
* 勒銜／勒衔
* 名銜／名衔 (míngxián)
* 大銜／大衔
* 官銜／官衔 (guānxián)
* 官銜牌／官衔牌
* 宮銜／宫衔
* 授銜／授衔
* 撙銜／撙衔
* 日已銜山／日已衔山
* 會銜／会衔
* 枯魚銜索／枯鱼衔索
* 榮銜／荣衔
* 燕子銜食／燕子衔食
* 結草銜環／结草衔环 (jiécǎo xiánhuán)
* 職銜／职衔 (zhíxián)
* 臺銜／台衔
* 虛銜／虚衔
* 詭銜竊轡／诡衔窃辔
* 負屈銜冤／负屈衔冤
* 赤銜／赤衔
* 軍銜／军衔 (jūnxián)
* 轡銜／辔衔
* 連銜／连衔
* 鉗馬銜枚／钳马衔枚
* 銜冤／衔冤 (xiányuān)
* 銜冤負屈／衔冤负屈
* 銜勒／衔勒
* 銜名／衔名
* 銜命／衔命 (xiánmìng)
* 銜哀致誠／衔哀致诚
* 銜尾／衔尾
* 銜尾相隨／衔尾相随
* 銜恨／衔恨 (xiánhèn)
* 銜恤／衔恤
* 銜恨蒙枉／衔恨蒙枉
* 銜悲茹恨／衔悲茹恨
* 銜接／衔接 (xiánjiē)
* 銜枚／衔枚
* 銜杯／衔杯
* 銜橛之變／衔橛之变
* 銜泣／衔泣
* 銜環／衔环 (xiánhuán)
* 銜璧／衔璧
* 銜環結草／衔环结草
* 銜石填海／衔石填海
* 銜結／衔结
* 銜缺相當／衔缺相当
* 銜羞／衔羞
* 銜聲茹氣／衔声茹气
* 銜華佩實／衔华佩实
* 銜觴／衔觞
* 銜轡／衔辔
* 鏑銜／镝衔
* 面縛銜璧／面缚衔璧
* 領銜／领衔 (lǐngxián)
* 頭銜／头衔 (tóuxián)
* 馬銜／马衔 (mǎxián)
* 黃雀銜環／黄雀衔环

### References

* “銜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: げん (gen)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kan’yō-on: がん (gan)
* Kun: くつわ (kutsuwa)、ふくむ (fukumu)

## Korean
### Hanja

銜 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

銜: Hán Nôm readings: hàm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.