# 恭敬
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōngjìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^1$ ging$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): gung$^1$ jin
* Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng-géng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiong-kèng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giong$^1$ gêng$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongjìng
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-ching$^4$
*** Yale: gūng-jìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongjinq
*** Palladius: гунцзин (gunczin)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$ ging$^3$
*** Yale: gūng ging
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$ ging$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$ ging$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: gung$^1$ jin
*** Sinological IPA : /kuŋ⁴² t͡ɕin²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng-géng
*** Sinological IPA : /kyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(k-)}$ŋɛiŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong-kèng
*** Tâi-lô: kiong-kìng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiongkexng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³ kiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: giong$^1$ gêng$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiong kèng
*** Sinological IPA : /kioŋ³³⁻²³ keŋ²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: kjowng kjaengH
Rime :
| Character | 恭 | 敬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 九容切 | 居慶切 |
| Baxter | kjowng | kjaengH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨoŋ/ | /kˠiæŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kioŋ/ | /kᵚiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kioŋ/ | /kiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kuawŋ/ | /kiajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kioŋ/ | /kiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭwoŋ/ | /kĭɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯woŋ/ | /ki̯ɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiōng | jìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gung$^1$ | ging$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k<r>oŋ kreŋ(ʔ)-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋ kreŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 恭 | 敬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gōng | jìng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjowng › | ‹ kjæng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*k<r>oŋ/ | /*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/ |
| English | respectful | respectful |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 恭 | 敬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4166 | 6885 |
| Phonetic component | 共 | 敬 |
| Rime group | 東 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 恭 | 敬 |
| Old Chinese | /*kloŋ/ | /*kreŋs/ |

### Adjective

恭敬
* respectful; deferential
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Wéi sāng yǔ zǐ, bì gōngjìng zhǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* 恭順／恭顺 (gōngshùn)
* 敬 (jìng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 敬虔 (jìngqián)
* 莊嚴／庄严 (zhuāngyán)
* 莊敬／庄敬 (zhuāngjìng) (literary)
* 虔恪 (qiánkè) (literary)
* 虔敬 (qiánjìng)
* 虔誠／虔诚 (qiánchéng)

#### Derived terms

* 恭恭敬敬 (gōnggōngjìngjìng)
* 恭敬不如從命／恭敬不如从命

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 恭(きょう)敬(けい) (kyōkei); 恭(く)敬(ぎょう) (kugyō)
* → Korean: 공경(恭敬) (gonggyeong)

#### See also

* 恭謹／恭谨 (gōngjǐn)
* 謹慎／谨慎 (jǐnshèn)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 恭 | 敬 |

### Noun

恭敬 • (gonggyeong) (hangeul 공경)
* hanja form of 공경 (“respectful; deferential”)