# 生日
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shēngrì
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ ㄖˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сынжы (sɨnřɨ, I-II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): saang$^1$ jat$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): sang$^1$ ngit$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): sen$^1$ liit
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sâng-ngit
    (Hailu, HRS): sang$^ˋ$ ngid
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sang$^1$ ngid$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): seng$^1$ reh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): sáng-nì
* Eastern Min (BUC): săng-nĭk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siⁿ-li̍t / seⁿ-ji̍t / siⁿ-ji̍t / seng-ji̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sên$^1$ rig$^8$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): se$^1$ yieg$^8$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^1$san-gniq$_8$ / $^1$sen-zeq$_8$ / $^1$san-$^8$gniq$_0$
** (Jinhua): $^1$saon-gniq$_8$
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): sen$^1$ ri$^6$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): sonn$^1$ ni$^{4*}$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): sen$^1$ xi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēngrì → shēngri (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ ㄖˋ → ㄕㄥ ˙ㄖ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shengri̊h
*** Wade–Giles: shêng$^1$-jih$^5$
*** Yale: shēng-r
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheng.ryh
*** Palladius: шэнжи (šɛnži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹/ → /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʐ̩²/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сынжы (sɨnřɨ, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /səŋ²⁴ ʐ̩⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saang$^1$ jat$^6$
*** Yale: sāang yaht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saang$^1$ jat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sang$^1$ yed$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːŋ⁵⁵ jɐt̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: sang$^1$ ngit$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /saŋ³³ ᵑɡit̚³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: sen$^1$ liit
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛn⁴² lɨt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâng-ngit
*** Hakka Romanization System: sang$^ˊ$ ngid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sang$^1$ ngid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /saŋ²⁴ ŋit̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: sang$^ˋ$ ngid
*** Sinological IPA: /saŋ⁵³ ŋit⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sang$^1$ ngid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /saŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋit̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: seng$^1$ reh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /sə̃ŋ¹¹ ʐəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sáng-nì
*** Sinological IPA : /saŋ⁵⁴ ni⁴²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: săng-nĭk
*** Sinological IPA : /saŋ⁵⁵ nˡiʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siⁿ-li̍t
*** Tâi-lô: sinn-li̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svilit
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sĩ⁴⁴⁻²² lit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ lit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sĩ³³ lit̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seⁿ-ji̍t
*** Tâi-lô: senn-ji̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svejit
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ zit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zit̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siⁿ-ji̍t
*** Tâi-lô: sinn-ji̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svijit
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ zit̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng-ji̍t
*** Tâi-lô: sing-ji̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sengjit
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ zit̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sên$^1$ rig$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seⁿ ji̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /sẽ³³⁻²³ d͡zik̚⁴/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: se$^1$ yieg$^8$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɛ³⁵⁻³³ ziek̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Chongming, Suzhou, Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^1$san-gniq$_8$
*** MiniDict: san$^平$ nyih$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$san-nyiq$_5$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sã⁵⁵ n̠ʲiɪʔ²¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /sã⁵⁵ ʔn̠ʲiəʔ⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sã⁴⁴ n̠ʲiɪʔ/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /sã⁴⁴ n̠ʲiɪʔ⁵⁵/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$sen-zeq$_8$
*** MiniDict: sen$^平$ zeh$^入$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /sen³³ zəʔ³⁴/
** (Northern: Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^1$san-$^8$gniq$_0$
*** MiniDict: san$^平$ nyih$^入$
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /sã³³ n̠ʲiɪʔ⁵¹/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^1$saon-gniq$_8$
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /sɑŋ³³ n̠ʲiəʔ²¹²/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: sen$^1$ ri$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sən³³ ʐi²⁴/
** (Loudi)
*** Wiktionary: sonn$^1$ ni$^{4*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔ̃⁴⁴ ni³⁵⁻⁵/
** (Hengyang)
*** Wiktionary: sen$^1$ xi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /se̞n⁴⁴⁵ ʑ̊i¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: sraeng nyit
Rime :
| Character | 生 | 日 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) | 質 (48) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 所庚切 | 人質切 |
| Baxter | sraeng | nyit |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠæŋ/ | /ȵiɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚaŋ/ | /ȵit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃaŋ/ | /ȵʑjet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂaɨjŋ/ | /ȵit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃɐŋ/ | /ȵiĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃɐŋ/ | /ȵʑĭĕt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʂɐŋ/ | /ȵʑi̯ĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shēng | rì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sang$^1$ | jat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sreŋ|sreŋ C.nik/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ|sreŋs njiɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 生 | 生 | 日 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shēng | shēng | rì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sræng › | ‹ srjæng › | ‹ nyit › |
| Old Chinese | /*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?) | /*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?) | /*C.nik/ |
| English | bear, be born; live | bear, be born; live | sun; day |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 生 | 生 | 日 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11312 | 11322 | 10845 |
| Phonetic component | 生 | 生 | 日 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 耕 | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 生 | 生 | 日 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰleːŋ/ | /*sreŋs/ | /*njiɡ/ |

### Noun

生日
* birthday
       zìrán shēngrì huò zhèngzhì shēngrì [Pinyin]
       natural birthdays and political birthdays
       Zhè shì wǒ tèyì wèi nǐ shēngrì ér zuò de. [Pinyin]
       I made this specially for your birthday.

#### Synonyms

* 千春 (qiānchūn) (literary, of an elderly person)
* 千秋 (qiānqiū) (honorific, of an elderly person)
* 壽誕／寿诞 (shòudàn) (of an elderly person)
* 壽辰／寿辰 (shòuchén) (of an elderly person)
* 生朝 (shēngzhāo) (literary)
* 生辰 (shēngchén) (literary)
* 誕辰／诞辰 (dànchén) (honorific)
* 賤降／贱降 (jiànjiàng) (literary, humble)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 生日, 生辰, 生朝 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 生日, 生辰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 生日 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 生日 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 生日 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 生日 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 生日 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 生日 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 生日, 生辰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 生日 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 生日 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 生日 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 生日 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 生日 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 生日 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 生日 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 生日 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 生日 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 生日 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 生兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 生兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 生兒, 生日 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 生兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 生兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 生日, 壽日 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 生兒, 生日 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 生日, 生日兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 生日 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 生日 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 生日, 歲歲子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 生 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 生日 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 生日, 生期 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 生日, 生, 尾巴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 生日 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 生日 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 生日 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 生日 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 生日 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 生日 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 生日, 牛一 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 生日, 牛一 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 生日, 牛一 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 生日, 牛屙屎 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 生日, 牛屙屎 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 生日 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 生日, 牛一 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 生日 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 生日 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 生日 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 生日 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 生日 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 生日, 牛一 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 生日 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 生日 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 生日 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 生日 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 生日 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 生日 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 生日 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 生日 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 生日 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 生日 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 生日 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 生日 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 生日 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 生兒, 生日 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 生日 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 生兒 |
| Jin | Linhe | 生兒 |
| Jin | Jining | 生日 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 生兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 生日 |
| Jin | Handan | 生兒, 生日 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 生日 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 生日 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 生日 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 生日 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 生日 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 生日 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 生日 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 生日 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 生日 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 生日 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 生日 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 生日 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 生日 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 生日 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 生日 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 生日 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 生日, 牛一 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 生日 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 生日 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 生日 |
| Wu | Danyang | 生日 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 生日 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 生日 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 生日, 生日日 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 生日 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 生日 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 生日 |

#### Derived terms

* 做生日 (zuòshēngrì)
* 生日卡 (shēngrìkǎ)
* 生日宴會／生日宴会 (shēngrì yànhuì)
* 生日快樂／生日快乐 (shēngrì kuàilè)
* 生日會／生日会 (shēngrìhuì)
* 生日派對／生日派对 (shēngrì pàiduì)
* 生日聚會／生日聚会 (shēngrì jùhuì)
* 生日蛋糕 (shēngrì dàngāo)
* 生日趴 (shēngrìpā)
* 生日趴體／生日趴体 (shēngrì pātǐ)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 生日(せいじつ) (seijitsu)
* → Korean: 생일(生日) (saeng'il)
* → Vietnamese: sinh nhật (生日)

### Verb

生⫽日 (verb-object)
* (chiefly Cantonese, informal) to have one's birthday; to celebrate one's birthday
    From: 2012, 游欣妮, 《我搣時太心軟》 [Miss Yan Ni 2], page 86
    gei$^2$ jat$^6$ cin$^4$ nei$^5$ dou$^1$ hai$^6$ gam$^2$ tung$^4$ ngo$^5$ gong$^2$, zung$^6$ jau$^5$ aa$^3$, nei$^5$ maa$^{1-4}$ maa$^1$ cin$^4$ jat$^6$ mai$^6$ saang$^1$ zo$^2$ jat$^6$ lo$^1$. [Jyutping]
    You were saying that a few days ago. Also, your mom already had her birthday the day before yesterday.

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 生 | 日 |
| い(く) Grade: 1 | ひ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
Compound of 生く (iku, “to exist, live”, archaic) +‎ 日 (hi, “day”).

#### Noun

生(いく)日(ひ) • (ikuhi)
* a lucky day, auspicious day
    Synonym: 吉日 (kichijitsu)

##### Derived terms

* 生(いく)日(ひ)の足(たる)日(ひ) (ikuhi no taruhi)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 生 | 日 |
| せい Grade: 1 | じつ Grade: 1 |
| kan'on ||
First appeared in 1867.
Possibly borrowed from Chinese 生日 (shēngrì). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せーじつ [sèéjítsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [se̞ːʑit͡sɨ]

#### Noun

生(せい)日(じつ) • (seijitsu)
* (rare) one's birthday
    Synonyms: 生辰 (seishin), 誕生日 (tanjōbi), 誕辰 (tanshin)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 生 | 日 |

### Noun

生日 • (saeng'il) (hangeul 생일)
* hanja form of 생일 (“birthday”)

## Okinawan
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 生 | 日 |
| っん(まり) Grade: 1 | ふぃー > びー Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 生まり日
Cognate with Japanese 生まれ日 (umarebi, literally “birth-day”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔm̩maɾibiː/

#### Noun

生(っんまり)日(びー) ('nmaribī)
* birthday

##### Derived terms

* 生日(っんまりびー)かりゆしやいびーん ('nmaribī kariyushi yaibīn)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 生 | 日 |
| う(まり) Grade: 1 | ふぃー > びー Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 生まり日

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔumaɾibiː/

#### Noun

生(うまり)日(びー) (umaribī)
* birthday

### References

* “っんまりびー・ぅんまりびー【生日・生まり日】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
* “ぅんまりびー” in Okinawan Dictionary - KozaWeb.
* “ゥンマリビー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
* “ウマリビー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
* Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 生 | 日 |

### Noun

生日
* chữ Hán form of sinh nhật (“birthday”).