# 顰蹙
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): píncù
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄘㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pan$^4$ cuk$^1$ / pan$^4$ zuk$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: píncù
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄘㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: píncù
*** Wade–Giles: pʻin$^2$-tsʻu$^4$
*** Yale: pín-tsù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyntsuh
*** Palladius: пиньцу (pinʹcu)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰin³⁵ t͡sʰu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pan$^4$ cuk$^1$ / pan$^4$ zuk$^1$
*** Yale: pàhn chūk / pàhn jūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pan$^4$ tsuk$^7$ / pan$^4$ dzuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pen$^4$ cug$^1$ / pen$^4$ zug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɐn²¹ t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/, /pʰɐn²¹ t͡sʊk̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: bjin tsjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 顰 | 蹙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 符眞切 | 子六切 |
| Baxter | bjin | tsjuwk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /biɪn/ | /t͡sɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bin/ | /t͡siuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bjen/ | /t͡siuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bin/ | /t͡suwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /biĕn/ | /t͡siuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭĕn/ | /t͡sĭuk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱi̯ĕn/ | /t͡si̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pín | zu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pan$^4$ | zuk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bin ʔslɯwɢ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 顰 | 蹙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9797 | 11744 |
| Phonetic component | 頻 | 尗 |
| Rime group | 眞 | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 頻 | 蹙 |
| Old Chinese | /*bin/ | /*ʔslɯwɢ/ |

### Verb

顰蹙
* (literary) to frown; to knit one's brows in worry

#### Synonyms

* 皺眉／皱眉 (zhòuméi)
* (Hokkien) 結目頭／结目头

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 顰 | 蹙 |
| ひん Hyōgai | しゅく Hyōgai |
| kan'on ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 顰蹙 (MC bjin tsjuwk).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひんしゅく [hìńshúkú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çĩɰ̃ɕɨkɯ̟]

### Noun

顰(ひん)蹙(しゅく) • (hinshuku)
* a scowl, a frown

#### Idioms

* 顰蹙(ひんしゅく)を買(か)う (hinshuku o kau): literally, “to incur a frown” → to displease someone (due to one's speech or conduct), to be frowned upon

### Verb

顰(ひん)蹙(しゅく)する • (hinshuku suru) suru (stem 顰(ひん)蹙(しゅく)し (hinshuku shi), past 顰(ひん)蹙(しゅく)した (hinshuku shita))
* to scowl, to frown

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 顰蹙し | ひんしゅくし | hinshuku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 顰蹙し | ひんしゅくし | hinshuku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 顰蹙する | ひんしゅくする | hinshuku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 顰蹙する | ひんしゅくする | hinshuku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 顰蹙すれ | ひんしゅくすれ | hinshuku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 顰蹙せよ¹ 顰蹙しろ² | ひんしゅくせよ¹ ひんしゅくしろ² | hinshuku seyo¹ hinshuku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 顰蹙される | ひんしゅくされる | hinshuku sareru |
| Causative | 顰蹙させる 顰蹙さす | ひんしゅくさせる ひんしゅくさす | hinshuku saseru hinshuku sasu |
| Potential | 顰蹙できる | ひんしゅくできる | hinshuku dekiru |
| Volitional | 顰蹙しよう | ひんしゅくしよう | hinshuku shiyō |
| Negative | 顰蹙しない | ひんしゅくしない | hinshuku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 顰蹙せず | ひんしゅくせず | hinshuku sezu |
| Formal | 顰蹙します | ひんしゅくします | hinshuku shimasu |
| Perfective | 顰蹙した | ひんしゅくした | hinshuku shita |
| Conjunctive | 顰蹙して | ひんしゅくして | hinshuku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 顰蹙すれば | ひんしゅくすれば | hinshuku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN