# 經營
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīngyíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ging$^1$ jing$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîn-yìn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): keng-êng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng$^1$ ian$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$cin-yin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīngyíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jingyíng
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^1$-ying$^2$
*** Yale: jīng-yíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingyng
*** Palladius: цзинъин (czinʺin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$晶瑩／晶莹 經營／经营
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ging$^1$ jing$^4$
*** Yale: gīng yìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ging$^1$ jing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ging$^1$ ying$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪŋ⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn-yìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin$^ˊ$ in$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gin$^1$ yin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴ in¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn-yìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin$^ˊ$ (r)in$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gin$^1$ yin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴ (j)in¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-êng
*** Tâi-lô: king-îng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: keng'eeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³ iɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gêng$^1$ ian$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keng iâⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /keŋ³³⁻²³ ĩã⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$cin-yin
*** MiniDict: cin$^平$ yin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$jin-hhin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɦin²¹/

### Verb

經營
* to run; to operate; to manage (a business, enterprise, etc.); to do business
    經營方針／经营方针 ― jīngyíng fāngzhēn ― management policy
    經營範圍／经营范围 ― jīngyíng fànwéi ― business coverage
    經營異常／经营异常 ― jīngyíng yìcháng ― business abnormality

#### Synonyms

* 打理 (dǎlǐ)
* 承辦／承办 (chéngbàn)
* 營運／营运 (yíngyùn)
* 經手／经手 (jīngshǒu)
* 經管／经管 (jīngguǎn)
* 辦理／办理 (bànlǐ)
* 運作／运作 (yùnzuò)
* 過手／过手 (Hokkien)
* 運營／运营 (yùnyíng)

#### Derived terms

* 特許經營／特许经营 (tèxǔ jīngyíng)
* 經營模式／经营模式 (jīngyíng móshì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 経(けい)営(えい) (keiei)
* → Korean: 경영(經營) (gyeong'yeong)
* → Vietnamese: kinh doanh (經營)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 經 | 營 |
| けい Hyōgai | えい Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

經(けい)營(えい) • (keiei)
* Kyūjitai form of 経営 (“management”)

### Verb

經(けい)營(えい)する • (keiei suru) suru (stem 經(けい)營(えい)し (keiei shi), past 經(けい)營(えい)した (keiei shita))
* Kyūjitai form of 経営 (“to manage, to run”)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 經營し | けいえいし | keiei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 經營し | けいえいし | keiei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 經營する | けいえいする | keiei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 經營する | けいえいする | keiei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 經營すれ | けいえいすれ | keiei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 經營せよ¹ 經營しろ² | けいえいせよ¹ けいえいしろ² | keiei seyo¹ keiei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 經營される | けいえいされる | keiei sareru |
| Causative | 經營させる 經營さす | けいえいさせる けいえいさす | keiei saseru keiei sasu |
| Potential | 經營できる | けいえいできる | keiei dekiru |
| Volitional | 經營しよう | けいえいしよう | keiei shiyō |
| Negative | 經營しない | けいえいしない | keiei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 經營せず | けいえいせず | keiei sezu |
| Formal | 經營します | けいえいします | keiei shimasu |
| Perfective | 經營した | けいえいした | keiei shita |
| Conjunctive | 經營して | けいえいして | keiei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 經營すれば | けいえいすれば | keiei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 經 | 營 |

### Noun

經營 • (gyeong'yeong) (hangeul 경영)
* hanja form of 경영 (“management, administration”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 經 | 營 |

### Verb

經營
* chữ Hán form of kinh doanh.