# 磔

| 磔 | U+78D4, &#30932; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78D4 |
| ← 磓 [U+78D3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 磕 → [U+78D5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

磔 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一口弓手木 (MRNQD), four-corner 1569$_4$, composition ⿰石桀)
* downward stroke slanting right

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 835, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24406
* Dae Jaweon: page 1252, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2448, character 10
* Unihan data for U+78D4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 柘 | *tjaɡs |
| 妬 | *taːɡs |
| 蠹 | *taːɡs |
| 沰 | *taːɡ, *tʰaːɡ |
| 拓 | *tʰaːɡ, *tjaɡ |
| 橐 | *tʰaːɡ |
| 袥 | *tʰaːɡ |
| 驝 | *tʰaːɡ, *raːɡ |
| 斫 | *tjaɡ |
| 磭 | *ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ |
| 磔 | *rtaːɡ |
| 跖 | *tjaɡ |
| 石 | *djaɡ |
| 碩 | *djaɡ |
| 祏 | *djaɡ |
| 鉐 | *djaɡ |
| 鼫 | *djaɡ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhé (zhe$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaak$^6$ / zaak$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kia̍t
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhé
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhé
*** Wade–Giles: chê$^2$
*** Yale: jé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jer
*** Palladius: чжэ (čžɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaak$^6$ / zaak$^3$
*** Yale: jaahk / jaak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaak$^9$ / dzaak$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zag$^6$ / zag$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːk̚²/, /t͡saːk̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: kia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiat
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: traek
Rime :
| Character | 磔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (113) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 陟格切 |
| Baxter | traek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠæk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚak̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶak̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈaɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶɐk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶɐk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶɐk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhe |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rtaːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 磔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11467 |
| Phonetic component | 石 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 磔 |
| Old Chinese | /*rtaːɡ/ |

### Definitions

磔
* (literary) to dismember the body as a punishment by tearing off the limbs with several wagons
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Rǔ yǐ jiàn zhě wéi bì yòng xié? Wú Zǐxū bù zhé Gūsū dōngmén wài hū! [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (literary) to rip open an animal as a sacrifice offered to gods
* (literary, Chinese calligraphy) Synonym of 捺 (nà)

### Compounds

* 一磔手
* 格磔
* 波磔 (bōzhé)
* 波磔點畫／波磔点画
* 磔刑
* 磔磔
* 轘磔／𮝹磔
* 鉤輈格磔／钩辀格磔

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B03003

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちゃく (chaku)
* Kan-on: たく (taku)
* Kun: さく (saku, 磔く)、はりつけ (haritsuke, 磔)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 磔
* はりつけ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はりつけ [hàrítsúké] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠ɾʲit͡sɨ̥ke̞]

#### Noun

磔(はりつけ) • (haritsuke)
* crucifixion
** 1940, Osamu Dazai, Hashire Melos [Run, Melos!]‎:
    「私(わたし)だ、刑(けい)吏(り)！　殺(ころ)されるのは、私(わたし)だ。メロスだ。彼(かれ)を人(ひと)質(じち)にした私(わたし)は、ここにいる！」と、かすれた声(こえ)で精(せい)一(いっ)ぱいに叫(さけ)びながら、ついに磔(はりつけ)台(だい)に昇(のぼ)り、釣(つ)り上(あ)げられてゆく友(とも)の両(りょう)足(あし)に、齧(かじ)りついた。
       “Watashi da, keiri! Korosareru no wa, watashi da. Merosu da. Kare o hitojichi ni shita watashi wa, koko ni iru!” to, kasureta koe de seīppai ni sakebinagara, tsui ni haritsukedai ni nobori, tsuriagerareteyuku tomo no ryōashi ni, kajiritsuita.
       "It's me, executioner! The one who shall be killed is me. Melos. The me who held him hostage is here!" Shouting in a hoarse voice with all his strength, he grabbed the legs of his friend who was already hoisted onto the cross.

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 磔
* たく Hyōgai
* on'yomi
Middle Chinese 磔 (ʈˠæk̚)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たく [táꜜkù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ta̠kɯ̟]

#### Noun

磔(たく) • (taku)
* the eighth of the Eight Principles of Yong

##### Hypernyms

* 永(えい)字(じ)八(はっ)法(ぽう) (eiji happō, “the Eight Principles of Yong”)

##### Coordinate terms

* 側(そく) (soku, “the first of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 勒(ろく) (roku, “the second of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 努(ど) (do, “the third of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 趯(てき) (teki, “the fourth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 策(さく) (saku, “the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 掠(りゃく) (ryaku, “the sixth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 啄(たく) (taku, “the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong”)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

磔 • (chaek) (hangeul 책, revised chaek, McCune–Reischauer ch'aek, Yale chayk)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

磔 (trách, kẹt, cạch)