# 雍

| 雍 | U+96CD, &#38605; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96CD |
| ← 雌 [U+96CC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 雎 → [U+96CE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

雍 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜女竹土 (YVHG), four-corner 0071$_0$, composition ⿱亠𱁈)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1366, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42000
* Dae Jaweon: page 1871, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 291, character 9
* Unihan data for U+96CD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 雍 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 郺 | *qoːŋʔ, *qoŋ |
| 齆 | *qoːŋs |
| 甕 | *qoːŋs |
| 罋 | *qoːŋs, *qoŋ |
| 雍 | *qoŋ, *qoŋs |
| 邕 | *qoŋ |
| 嗈 | *qoŋ |
| 灉 | *qoŋ, *qoŋs |
| 癰 | *qoŋ |
| 廱 | *qoŋ |
| 雝 | *qoŋ |
| 壅 | *qoŋ, *qoŋʔ, *qoŋs |
| 饔 | *qoŋ |
| 噰 | *qoŋ |
| 澭 | *qoŋ |
| 擁 | *qoŋ, *qoŋʔ |
| 臃 | *qoŋ |
Variant form of 雝. It's likely that the phonetic component 邕 (OC *qoŋ) corrupted into 玄 at some point since their shapes looked similar in pre-Qin scripts.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yōng (yong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jung$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yûng
* Northern Min (KCR): é̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̆ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iong$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ion; $^5$ion
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yong
*** Wade–Giles: yung$^1$
*** Yale: yūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iong
*** Palladius: юн (jun)
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jung$^1$
*** Yale: yūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: iung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: é̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /œyŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /yŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iong
*** Tâi-lô: iong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iong$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iong
*** Sinological IPA : /ioŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ion; $^5$ion
*** MiniDict: ion$^平$; ion$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ion; $^2$ion
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ioŋ⁵³/, /ioŋ³⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit雍 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /yŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʐuŋ²¹/ /yŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /yŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /yuŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /yŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /yə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /yŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ỹn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /yŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ioŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /yoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ioŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ioŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ioŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /iŋ²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /yəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /yŋ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ỹŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ioŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ioŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔioŋ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /j̠oŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /yʌ̃³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ioŋ³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /in³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /iuŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʒuŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /joŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /juŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /juŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iɔŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /yŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /œyŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ioŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /oŋ²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: 'jowng, 'jowngH
Rime :
| Character | 雍 | 雍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於容切 | 於用切 |
| Baxter | 'jowng | 'jowngH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨoŋ/ | /ʔɨoŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔioŋ/ | /ʔioŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔioŋ/ | /ʔioŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔuawŋ/ | /ʔuawŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔioŋ/ | /ʔioŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭwoŋ/ | /ĭwoŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔi̯woŋ/ | /ʔi̯woŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yōng | yòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jung$^1$ | jung$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qoŋ/, /*qoŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 雍 | 雍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 15403 | 15420 |
| Phonetic component | 邕 | 邕 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 邕 | 雍 |
| Old Chinese | /*qoŋ/ | /*qoŋs/ |
| Notes | 說文廱字隸變， 原本玉篇作廣下維 | 廱隸變 |

#### Definitions

雍
* (literary) harmony; peace
* (literary) harmonious
* Alternative form of 壅 (“to obstruct”)
* Alternative form of 擁／拥 (yōng, “to hold”)
* Alternative form of 饔 (yōng, “cooked food”)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 伯雍種玉
* 時雍
* 羊卓雍湖
* 臨雍
* 辟雍 (bìyōng)
* 雍和
* 雍和宮 (Yōnghé Gōng)
* 雍容 (yōngróng)
* 雍容文雅
* 雍容爾雅
* 雍容華貴／雍容华贵
* 雍容閒雅
* 雍容雅步
* 雍州 (Yōngzhōu)
* 雍正 (Yōngzhèng)
* 雍熙
* 雍睦
* 雍穆
* 雍門
* 雍閼
* 雍雍 (yōngyōng)
* 雍齒封侯

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 雍 – see 廱 (“harmonious; pool; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 廱).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* softening
* mitigation

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): よう (yō)、ゆ (yu)
* Kun: やわらぐ (yawaragu)、ふさぐ (fusagu)
* Nanori: たすく (tasuku)、やす (yasu)、やすし (yasushi)

## Korean
### Hanja

雍 • (ong) (hangeul 옹, revised ong, McCune–Reischauer ong, Yale ong)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

雍: Hán Nôm readings: ủng, úng, ung
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.