# 京京
## Chinese
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīngjīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧㄥ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīngjīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jingjing
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^1$-ching$^1$
*** Yale: jīng-jīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingjing
*** Palladius: цзинцзин (czinczin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$京京 晶晶
* Middle Chinese: kjaeng kjaeng
Rime :
| Character | 京 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 舉卿切 |
| Baxter | kjaeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kiɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ging$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]raŋ [k]raŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kraŋ kraŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 京 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jīng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]raŋ/ |
| English | hill; capital city |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 京 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6828 |
| Phonetic component | 京 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 驚 |
| Old Chinese | /*kraŋ/ |

#### Adjective

京京
* (literary) sad; worried; depressed
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Niàn wǒ dú xī, yōu xīn jīngjīng. [Pinyin]
    I think how I stand alone, And the sorrow of my heart grows intense.

##### Synonyms

* 傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
* 傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
* 傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
* 傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
* 傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
* 傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
* 刺心 (cìxīn)
* 哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
* 哀切 (āiqiè)
* 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
* 哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
* 哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
* 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
* 哀痛 (āitòng)
* 心酸 (xīnsuān)
* 怛傷／怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
* 悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
* 情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
* 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
* 悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
* 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
* 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
* 悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
* 悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
* 悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
* 悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
* 悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
* 悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
* 悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
* 悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
* 悲戚 (bēiqī)
* 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
* 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
* 悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
* 悲痛 (bēitòng)
* 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
* 感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
* 愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
* 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
* 惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
* 愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
* 慘／惨 (cǎn)
* 憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
* 慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
* 憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
* 憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
* 慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
* 憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
* 懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
* 沉痛 (chéntòng)
* 淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
* 淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
* 淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
* 淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
* 淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
* 淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
* 痛心 (tòngxīn)
* 艱苦心／艰苦心 (Hokkien)
* 蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
* 酸心 (suānxīn)
* 難受／难受 (nánshòu)
* 難過／难过 (nánguò)
* 青凊 (Hokkien)
* 黯然 (ànrán)

### Etymology 2

From 驚驚／惊惊.

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): ging$^1$ ging$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ging$^1$ ging$^1$
*** Yale: gīng gīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ging$^1$ ging$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ging$^1$ ging$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

#### Adjective

京京
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism, leetspeak) scared
    禾巧京京 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― wo$^5$ haau$^2$ ging$^1$ ging$^1$ [Jyutping] ― I'm very scared