# 有司
## Chinese
### Etymology

Attested on Western Zhou's bronze inscriptions (for some examples see Vogt, 2012); earliest attestation is possibly on an oracle bone inscription unearthed in Dasikong village (大司空村), Anyang, Henan (He, 2018).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǒusī
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˇ ㄙ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jau$^5$ si$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǒusī
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˇ ㄙ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǒusih
*** Wade–Giles: yu$^3$-ssŭ$^1$
*** Yale: yǒu-sz̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeousy
*** Palladius: юсы (jusy)
*** Sinological IPA : /joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$有司 有私
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^5$ si$^1$
*** Yale: yáuh sī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^5$ si$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^5$ xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯¹³ siː⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: hjuwX si
Rime :
| Character | 有 | 司 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 云久切 | 息兹切 |
| Baxter | hjuwX | si |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɨu$^X$/ | /sɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦiu$^X$/ | /sɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiəu$^X$/ | /sie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦuw$^X$/ | /sɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiu$^X$/ | /siə/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭəu$^X$/ | /sĭə/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯ə̯u$^X$/ | /si/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǒu | sī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jau$^5$ | si$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷəʔ s-lə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷɯʔ slɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 有 | 司 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǒu | sī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hjuw$^X$ › | ‹ si › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/ | /*s-lə/ |
| English | have, exist | superintend |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 有 | 司 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 15595 | 11951 |
| Phonetic component | 又 | 司 |
| Rime group | 之 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 有 | 思 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷɯʔ/ | /*slɯ/ |

### Noun

有司
* (archaic) functionary; government official; office holder
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Qín wáng kǒng qí pò bì, nǎi cí xiè gù qǐng, zhào yǒusī àn tú, zhǐ cóng cǐ yǐ wǎng shíwǔ dōu yǔ zhào. [Pinyin]
    The King of Qin was afraid that he (referring to Lin Xiangru) would break the jade annulus, so he apologised tactfully and firmly asked him not to. He summoned an official to check a map, and pointed at it, saying the fifteen cities from here to there would be given to Zhao.
    From: Former Chu Shi Biao, by Zhuge Liang, 3rd century CE
    Ruò yǒu zuò jiān fàn kē jí wèi zhōng shàn zhě, yí fù yǒusī lùn qí xíng shǎng, yǐ zhāo bìxià píngmíng zhī zhì. [Pinyin]
    If there are those who commit crimes and break the law, or those who do loyal and good deeds, you should hand them over to officials to assess their punishments or rewards, to make clear Your Majesty’s fair and wise governance.
* (archaic) fortuneteller

#### Synonyms

* (functionary):
* 內臣／内臣 (nèichén) (historical)
* 公僕／公仆 (gōngpú)
* 公務員／公务员 (gōngwùyuán)
* 公職人員／公职人员 (gōngzhí rényuán)
* 君子 (jūnzǐ) (Classical Chinese)
* 官僚 (guānliáo)
* 官吏 (guānlì) (chiefly historical)
* 官員／官员 (guānyuán)
* 官宦 (guānhuàn) (chiefly historical)
* 宦官 (huànguān) (chiefly historical)
* 臣僚 (chénliáo) (historical, in a monarchy)
* (fortuneteller):
* 半仙 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 看命仙 (Hokkien)
* 相命仙 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 相命的 (Hokkien)
* 相命者 (xiàngmìngzhě)
* 算命仙 (Hakka, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 算命仔 (Hakka)
* 算命佬 (syun$^3$ meng$^6$ lou$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 算命先生 (suànmìng xiānsheng) (male fortuneteller)
* 算命家 (suànmìngjiā)

### References

* ↑ Vogt, Paul Nicholas (2018) Between Kin and King: Social Aspects of Western Zhou Ritual (PhD)‎, Columbia University
* ↑ He, Yuling (何毓灵) (2018).《河南安阳市殷墟大司空村出土刻辞牛骨》 [Ox Bones Unearthed in Dasikong village, Yin ruins, Anyang, Henan] pdf. Chinese Archaeology (中国考古网)