# functional load
## English
### Noun

functional load (countable and uncountable, plural functional loads)
* Targeted exposure of an implement or organ to stimuli or other straining it is supposed or being tested to tolerate.
    Synonyms: functional performance, functional loading
** 1974, O. Ya. Kaufman, V. D. Pomoinetskii, V. S. Rukosuev, A. K. Boikov, Yu. E. Morozov, “Reaction of smooth muscle cells of blood vessels to an increase in functional load”, in Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine‎, volume 78, page 829:
** 1982, O. V. Kulikova, “Effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on zinc excretion by paneth cells of the rat small intestine under functional load”, in Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine‎, volume 93, page 91:
** 1991, “Hemodynamic changes in response to an increased functional load on the cardiovascular system”, in Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine‎, volume 11, page 922:
** 1997, L. V. Tanin, I. L. Drobot, A. S. Artushcevich, A. S. Rubanov, A. S. Naumovich, “Holographic Investigation of the Human Jaw Bone Under Functional Loads”, in Optical Technologies in the Humanities. Selected Contributions to the International Conference on New Technologies in the Humanities and Fourth International Conference on Optics Within Life Sciences OWLS IV, Münster, Germany, 9–13 July 1996‎, →ISBN, page 86:
** 2004, A. E. Lychkova, “Serotoninergic Nervous System of the Heart and Abdominal Organs during Functional Load and Pathology”, in Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine volume‎, volume 137, page 339:Here we studied serotoninergic innervation of visceral organs during functional load and under pathological conditions.
** 2018 October 2, David F. Holmes, Ching-Yan Chloé Yeung, Richa Garva, Egor Zindy, Susan H. Taylor, Yinhui Lu, Simon Watsona, Nicholas S. Kalson, Karl E. Kadler, “Synchronized mechanical oscillations at the cell–matrix interface in the formation of tensile tissue”, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America‎, volume 115, number 40, →DOI, page E9288a:Here we address the question of how embryonic fibroblasts interact with the extracellular matrix to form a functional load-bearing tissue of defined mechanical properties.
** 2019 May 14, Shang-mao Ai (艾尚茂), Li-ping Sun (孙丽萍), “The effect of functional loads on free spanning pipeline’s VIV response”, in Journal of Marine Science and Application‎, volume 8, page 155:The significant influences of the functional load parameters on free vibrations are illustrated first. Then using the terms of effective axial force, the influence of functional loads on spanning pipeline VIV response is studied according to DNV-RP-105.
** 2020 October 27, Morgan B. Elliott, Brian Ginn, Takuma Fukunishi, Djahida Bedja, Abhilash Suresh, Theresa Chen, Takahiro Inoue, Harry C. Dietz, Lakshmi Santhanam, Hai-Quan Mao, Narutoshi Hibino, Sharon Gerecht, “In situ bone regeneration of large cranial defects using synthetic ceramic implants with a tailored composition and design”, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America‎, volume 117, number 43, →DOI, page 26661a:The process of bone regeneration in conjunction with biomaterials has been extensively documented, and several terms have been coined, including osseointegration, osteoconduction, and osteoinduction. Osseintegration has been defined as the integration of a screw-shaped titanium implant with direct bone contact, withstanding the functional load without loosening.
** 2021 March 10, Giulio E. Brancati, Chahinaz Rawas, Antoine Ghestem, Anton I. Ivanov, Christophe Bernard, “Spatio-temporal heterogeneity in hippocampal metabolism in control and epilepsy conditions”, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, volume 118, number 11, →DOI:A greater neurotransmitter release probability should increase the metabolic load (e.g., for neurotransmitter recycling). Another contributing factor is the intrinsic excitability, which is greater in the VH than in the DH. This is consistent with the greater level of metabolic activity in ventral slices in the absence of stimulation. In addition, glial cells will be highly mobilized, particularly for K+ and neurotransmitter uptake. The VH contains one-third less astrocytes than the DH in rats. Therefore, the heavier functional load must be carried by a smaller quantity of astroglial cells, which requires more intense metabolic activity.
* (linguistics) A measure of how much a difference between phonemes disambiguates between different words.
    The difference between voiced and voiceless TH in English bears a low functional load.
** 1967, Robert D. King, “Functional Load and Sound Change”, in Language‎, volume 43, number 4, page 831:The term functional load is customarily used in linguistics to describe the extent and degree of contrast between linguistic units, usually phonemes. In its simplest expression, functional load is a measure of the number of minimal pairs which can be found for a given opposition. More generally, in phonology, it is a measure of the work which two phonemes (or a distinctive feature) do in keeping utterances apart—in other words, a gauge of the frequency with which two phonemes contrast in all possible environments.
** 1992, Malcolm D. Ross, “The Sound of Proto-Austronesian: An Outsider's View of the Formosan Evidence”, in Oceanic Linguistics‎, volume 31, number 1, page 34:Collectively, (3) to (8) provide evidence for the reconstruction of morpheme- and root-initial *g, albeit with quite a low functional load.
** 1999, Kathleen Bardovi-Harlig, “FROM MORPHEME STUDIES TO TEMPORAL SEMANTICS: Tense-Aspect Research in SLA”, in Studies in Second Language Acquisition‎, volume 23, number 3, page 351:Following the adverbial-only stage, verbal morphology appears. At first it is not used systematically, and learners continue to rely on time-adverbials. As the use of tense morphology increases, the functional load of the adverbials decreases and the actual ratio of time adverbials to finite verbs may also decrease.

#### Translations
### References

* functional load on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* “functional load”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.