# 正音
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhèngyīn
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ ㄧㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zing$^3$ jam$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiàⁿ-im
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhèngyīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ ㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhèngyin
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^4$-yin$^1$
*** Yale: jèng-yīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenqin
*** Palladius: чжэнъинь (čžɛnʺinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zing$^3$ jam$^1$
*** Yale: jing yām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzing$^3$ jam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jing$^3$ yem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪŋ³³ jɐm⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàⁿ-im
*** Tâi-lô: tsiànn-im
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cviarym
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ im³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siã¹¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siã²¹⁻⁴¹ im⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsyengH 'im
Rime :
| Character | 正 | 音 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 之盛切 | 於金切 |
| Baxter | tsyengH | 'im |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇŋ$^H$/ | /ʔˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛŋ$^H$/ | /ʔᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiæŋ$^H$/ | /ʔiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ciajŋ$^H$/ | /ʔjim/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛŋ$^H$/ | /ʔjəm/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛŋ$^H$/ | /ĭĕm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛŋ$^H$/ | /ʔi̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhèng | yīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zing$^3$ | jam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*teŋ-s [q](r)əm/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjeŋs qrɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 正 | 音 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhèng | yīn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyeng$^H$ › | ‹ ʔim › |
| Old Chinese | /*teŋ-s/ | /*[q](r)əm/ |
| English | correct (adj., v.) | sound, tone |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 正 | 音 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17178 | 15223 |
| Phonetic component | 正 | 音 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 政 | 音 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjeŋs/ | /*qrɯm/ |

### Noun

正音
* correct or standard pronunciation
* (Classical) proper music
* (Taiwanese Hokkien, dated in Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) Peking opera; Beijing opera

#### Synonyms

* (Cantonese, informal) 啱音
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 京劇 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 京劇, 京戲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 國劇, 京劇, 平劇, 京戲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 京戲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 京劇 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 大戲 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 京劇 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 京劇 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 京劇 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 京劇 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 京劇 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 京戲 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 京戲, 大戲, 二黃戲 dated |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 京戲 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 京戲 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 京戲 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 京戲 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 京戲 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 京劇, 京戲 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 京戲, 京劇 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 京戲 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 大戲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 京劇 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 京劇 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 京劇 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 京戲 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 京戲 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 京戲 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 京劇 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 京劇, 京戲 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 京戲 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 京劇 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 京戲 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 京戲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 京劇, 京班 dated, 大班 dated, 正音 dated |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 京劇, 京班 dated, 大班 dated |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 京劇, 京班 dated, 大班 dated, 正音 dated |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 京戲, 正音 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 京戲 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 京劇 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 京戲, 大戲 dated |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 大戲, 京班戲 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 大戲 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 京戲 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 京戲, 大戲 dated |
| Wu | Danyang | 京戲, 大戲 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 京戲 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 京戲 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 京戲 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 京劇 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 京戲 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 京戲 |

### Verb

正音
* to correct one's pronunciation

### Derived terms

* 正音學／正音学 (zhèngyīnxué)
* 正音法
* 訓民正音／训民正音 (Xùnmín-Zhèngyīn)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 正音(せいおん) (seion)
* → Korean: 정음(正音) (jeong'eum)
* → Vietnamese: chính âm (正音)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 正 | 音 |
| せい Grade: 1 | おん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [se̞ːõ̞ɴ]

### Noun

正(せい)音(おん) • (seion)
* on'yomi pronunciation of a character

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 正 | 音 |

### Noun

正音 • (jeong'eum) (hangeul 정음)
* hanja form of 정음 (“proper pronunciation”)