# 將相
## Chinese
### Etymology

Attested earliest in Mozi:
    雖至士之為將相者，皆有法，雖至百工從事者，亦皆有法。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]虽至士之为将相者，皆有法，虽至百工从事者，亦皆有法。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's versionSuī zhì shì zhī wéi jiàngxiàng zhě, jiē yǒu fǎ, suī zhì bǎigōng cóngshì zhě, yì jiē yǒu fǎ. [Pinyin]The gentlemen fulfilling their duties as generals and councillors have their standards. Even the artisans performing their tasks also have their standards.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiàngxiàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng$^3$ soeng$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàngxiàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàngsiàng
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^4$-hsiang$^4$
*** Yale: jyàng-syàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianqshianq
*** Palladius: цзянсян (czjansjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoeng$^3$ soeng$^3$
*** Yale: jeung seung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng$^3$ soeng$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêng$^3$ sêng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœːŋ³³ sœːŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsjangH sjangH
Rime :
| Character | 將 | 相 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 子亮切 | 息亮切 |
| Baxter | tsjangH | sjangH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɨɐŋ$^H$/ | /sɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɐŋ$^H$/ | /siɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡siɑŋ$^H$/ | /siɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sɨaŋ$^H$/ | /sɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siaŋ$^H$/ | /siaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭaŋ$^H$/ | /sĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡si̯aŋ$^H$/ | /si̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiàng | xiàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoeng$^3$ | soeng$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]aŋ-s [s]aŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsaŋs slaŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 將 | 相 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiàng | xiàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsjang$^H$ › | ‹ sjang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]aŋ-s/ | /*[s]aŋ-s/ |
| English | lead (v.); leader | appearance, quality |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 將 | 相 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 10294 | 13586 |
| Phonetic component | 爿 | 相 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 醬 | 相 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsaŋs/ | /*slaŋs/ |

### Noun

將相
* (literary) generals and councillors; military officers and civil officials
    From: Han Feizi, circa 2nd century BCE
    Jiàngxiàng zhī hòu zhǔ ér lóng jiā, cǐ jūnrén zhě suǒ wài yě. [Pinyin]
    Generals and ministers who would leave the sovereign's interests behind and prosper the welfare of their own families instead should be ousted by the ruler of men.
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Zhēngyuè, zhūhóu jí jiàngxiàng xiāng yǔgòng qǐng zūn Hànwáng wèi huángdì. [Pinyin]
    In the first month, the various vassals together with the generals and councillors jointly entreated that the King of Han be inaugurated as Emperor.