# 承諾
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chéngnuò
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄋㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sing$^4$ nok$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n-nok
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sen$^2$ nog$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sìng-dák
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sêng-lo̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sing$^5$ nab$^8$ / sêng$^5$ nab$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéngnuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄋㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéngnuò
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$-no$^4$
*** Yale: chéng-nwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngnuoh
*** Palladius: чэнно (čɛnno)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^4$ nok$^6$
*** Yale: sìhng nohk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^4$ nok$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^4$ nog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ²¹ nɔːk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n-nok
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin$^ˇ$ nog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^2$ nog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹ nok̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sen$^2$ nog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /sən¹¹ nɔk̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng-dák
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(t-)}$nɑʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-lo̍k
*** Tâi-lô: sîng-lo̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: senglok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ¹³⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sing$^5$ nab$^8$ / sêng$^5$ nab$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sîng na̍p / sêng na̍p
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ nap̚⁴/, /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ nap̚⁴/

### Verb

承諾
* to promise; to pledge; to vow; to undertake (to do something)
       Wǒmen chéngnuò bǎozhèng nín de xìnxī juéduì bǎomì. [Pinyin]
       We promise to keep your information absolutely confidential.

#### Synonyms

* 允諾／允诺 (yǔnnuò)
* 應／应 (yìng)
* 應承／应承 (yìngchéng)
* 應許／应许 (yīngxǔ)
* 應諾／应诺 (yìngnuò) (literary)
* 承允 (chéngyǔn)
* 承應／承应 (chéngyìng)
* 承當／承当 (chéngdāng) (regional)
* 接應／接应 (zie$^6$ in$^4$) (Xiang)
* 然諾／然诺 (ránnuò)
* 答應／答应 (dāyìng)
* 許諾／许诺 (xǔnuò)

### Noun

承諾
* promise; vow
    履行承諾／履行承诺 ― lǚxíng chéngnuò ― to fulfill a promise
    一個鄭重的承諾／一个郑重的承诺 ― yīge zhèngzhòng de chéngnuò ― a solemn promise
       Ài huì xiāoshī, chéngnuò huì shīxiào. [Pinyin]
       Love will disappear. Promises will lapse.

### Derived terms

* 承諾函／承诺函 (chéngnuòhán)
* 承諾書／承诺书 (chéngnuòshū)
* 承諾服務／承诺服务

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 承諾(しょうだく) (shōdaku)
* → Korean: 승낙(承諾) (seungnak)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 承 | 諾 |
| しょう Grade: 6 | だく Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From 承 (shō, “agree to”) + 諾 (daku, “consent”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょーだく [shòódákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕo̞ːda̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

承(しょう)諾(だく) • (shōdaku)
* consent, assent, agreement, acceptation

#### Derived terms

* 承諾書 (shōdakusho): letter of acceptance
* 不承諾 (fushōdaku): dissent, disagreement
* 事後承諾 (jigo shōdaku): ex-post-facto approval

### Verb

承(しょう)諾(だく)する • (shōdaku suru) transitive suru (stem 承(しょう)諾(だく)し (shōdaku shi), past 承(しょう)諾(だく)した (shōdaku shita))
* consent, assent, agree, accept

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 承諾し | しょうだくし | shōdaku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 承諾し | しょうだくし | shōdaku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 承諾する | しょうだくする | shōdaku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 承諾する | しょうだくする | shōdaku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 承諾すれ | しょうだくすれ | shōdaku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 承諾せよ¹ 承諾しろ² | しょうだくせよ¹ しょうだくしろ² | shōdaku seyo¹ shōdaku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 承諾される | しょうだくされる | shōdaku sareru |
| Causative | 承諾させる 承諾さす | しょうだくさせる しょうだくさす | shōdaku saseru shōdaku sasu |
| Potential | 承諾できる | しょうだくできる | shōdaku dekiru |
| Volitional | 承諾しよう | しょうだくしよう | shōdaku shiyō |
| Negative | 承諾しない | しょうだくしない | shōdaku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 承諾せず | しょうだくせず | shōdaku sezu |
| Formal | 承諾します | しょうだくします | shōdaku shimasu |
| Perfective | 承諾した | しょうだくした | shōdaku shita |
| Conjunctive | 承諾して | しょうだくして | shōdaku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 承諾すれば | しょうだくすれば | shōdaku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN