# ⲥϧⲁⲓ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲥⳉⲉⲉⲓ (sxeei) — Akhmimic
* ⲥϩⲉⲓ (shei) — Fayyumic
* ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ (sheei) — Lycopolitan
* ⲥϩⲁⲓ (shai) — Sahidic

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Old Bohairic) /(ə)sˈxai̯/
* IPA: (Late Bohairic) /(a)sˈxai̯/
* IPA: (Greco-Bohairic) /esˈxaɪ̯/

### Verb

ⲥϧⲁⲓ • (sxai) (nominal state ⲥϧⲉ-, pronominal state ⲥϧⲏⲧ⸗, stative ⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ)
* (Bohairic) to write

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲥϧⲁⲓ sxai | imperative | affirmative | ⲥϧⲁⲓ sxai |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲥϧⲁⲓ štemsxai | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀persxai |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲥϧⲁⲓ tisxai | ⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ ksxai | ⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ tesxai | ϥⲥϧⲁⲓ fsxai | ⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ ssxai | ⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ tensxai | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ tetensxai | ⲥⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ sesxai | ⲥϧⲁⲓ sxai |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ eisxai | ⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ eksxai | ⲉⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ eresxai | ⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ efsxai | ⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ essxai | ⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ensxai | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ eretensxai | ⲉⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ eusxai | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ ere- sxai |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲥϧⲁⲓ etisxai | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ eteksxai | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ etesxai | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ etefsxai | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ etessxai | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etensxai | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etetensxai | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ etousxai | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ ete- sxai |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ naisxai | ⲛⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ naksxai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ naresxai | ⲛⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ nafsxai | ⲛⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ nassxai | ⲛⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ nansxai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ naretensxai | ⲛⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ nausxai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ nare- sxai |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ aisxai | ⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ aksxai | ⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ aresxai | ⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ afsxai | ⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ assxai | ⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ansxai | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ aretensxai | ⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ausxai | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ are- sxai |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ tinasxai | ⲭⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ khnasxai | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ terasxai | ϥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ fnasxai | ⲥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ snasxai | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ tennasxai | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ tetennasxai | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ senasxai | ⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ nasxai |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ einasxai | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ ekhnasxai | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ erenasxai | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ efnasxai | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ esnasxai | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ ennasxai | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ eretennasxai | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ eunasxai | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ ere- nasxai |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etinasxai | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etekhnasxai | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etenasxai | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etefnasxai | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etesnasxai | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etennasxai | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etetennasxai | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etounasxai | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ ete- nasxai |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ nainasxai | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ nakhnasxai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ narenasxai | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ nafnasxai | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ nasnasxai | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ nannasxai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ naretennasxai | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ naunasxai | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ nare- nasxai |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ ainasxai | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ akhnasxai | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ arenasxai | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ afnasxai | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ asnasxai | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ annasxai | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ aretennasxai | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ aunasxai | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ are- nasxai |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ aisxai | ⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ aksxai | ⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ aresxai | ⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ afsxai | ⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ assxai | ⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ansxai | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ atetensxai | ⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ausxai | ⲁ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ a- sxai |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pisxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀peksxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pesxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pefsxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pessxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pensxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀petensxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pousxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pe- sxai |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ eaisxai | ⲉⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ eaksxai | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ earesxai | ⲉⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ eafsxai | ⲉⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ eassxai | ⲉⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ eansxai | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ eatetensxai | ⲉⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ eausxai | ⲉⲁ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ ea- sxai |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pisxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀peksxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pesxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pefsxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pessxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pensxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀petensxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pousxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pe- sxai |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ etaisxai | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ etaksxai | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ etaresxai | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ etafsxai | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ etassxai | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etansxai | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etaretensxai | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ etausxai | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ eta- sxai |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pisxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀peksxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pesxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pefsxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pessxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pensxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀petensxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pousxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pe- sxai |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ neaisxai | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ neaksxai | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ nearesxai | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ neafsxai | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ neassxai | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ neansxai | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ neatetensxai | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ neausxai | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ nea- sxai |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀pisxai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀peksxai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀pesxai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀pefsxai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀pessxai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀pensxai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀petensxai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀pousxai | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀pe- sxai |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ etaisxai | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ etaksxai | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ etaresxai | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ etafsxai | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ etassxai | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etansxai | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etaretensxai | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ etausxai | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ eta- sxai |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀patisxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pateksxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀patesxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀patefsxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀patessxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀patensxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀patetensxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀patousxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pate- sxai |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀patisxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pateksxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀patesxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀patefsxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀patessxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀patensxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀patetensxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀patousxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pate- sxai |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀patisxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pateksxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀patesxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀patefsxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀patessxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀patensxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀patetensxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀patousxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pate- sxai |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀patisxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀pateksxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀patesxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀patefsxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀patessxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀patensxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀patetensxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀patousxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀pate- sxai |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ šaisxai | ϣⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ šaksxai | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ šaresxai | ϣⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ šafsxai | ϣⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ šassxai | ϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ šansxai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ šatetensxai | ϣⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ šausxai | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ šare- sxai |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀paisxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀paksxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀paresxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pafsxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀passxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pansxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀paretensxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pausxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pare- sxai |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ ešaisxai | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ ešaksxai | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ ešaresxai | ⲉϣⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ ešafsxai | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ ešassxai | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ešansxai | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ešatetensxai | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ešausxai | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ ešare- sxai |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paisxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paksxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paresxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pafsxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀passxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pansxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paretensxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pausxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pare- sxai |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ etšaisxai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ etšaksxai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ etšaresxai | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ etšafsxai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ etšassxai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etšansxai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etšatetensxai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ etšausxai | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ etšare- sxai |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀paisxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀paksxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀paresxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pafsxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀passxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pansxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀paretensxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pausxai | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pare- sxai |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ našaisxai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ našaksxai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ našaresxai | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ našafsxai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ našassxai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ našansxai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ našatetensxai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ našausxai | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ našare- sxai |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀paisxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀paksxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀paresxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀pafsxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀passxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀pansxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀paretensxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀pausxai | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀pare- sxai |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paisxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paksxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paresxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pafsxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀passxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pansxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paretensxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pausxai | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pare- sxai |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ eiesxai | ⲉⲕⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ ekesxai | ⲉⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ eresxai | ⲉϥⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ efesxai | ⲉⲥⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ esesxai | ⲉⲛⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ enesxai | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ eretenesxai | ⲉⲩⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ euesxai | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ ere- sxai |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹnasxai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹneksxai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹnesxai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹnefsxai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹnessxai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹnensxai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹnetensxai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹnousxai | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹne- sxai |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ marisxai | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ marefsxai | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ maressxai | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ marensxai | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ marousxai | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ mare- sxai |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀penthrisxai | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀penthrefsxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀penthressxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀penthrensxai | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀penthreusxai | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀penthre- sxai |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹtasxai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹteksxai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹtesxai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹtefsxai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹtessxai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹtensxai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹtetensxai | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹsesxai, ǹtousxai | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹte- sxai |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ tarisxai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ tareksxai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ taresxai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ tarefsxai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ taressxai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ tarensxai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ taretensxai | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ tarousxai | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ tare- sxai |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲥϧⲁⲓ šatisxai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ šateksxai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ šatesxai | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ šatefsxai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ šatessxai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ šatensxai | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ šatetensxai | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ šatousxai | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ šate- sxai |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ aišansxai | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ akšansxai | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ arešansxai | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ afšansxai | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ asšansxai | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ anšansxai | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ aretenšansxai | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ aušansxai | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ arešan- sxai |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ aisxai | ⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ aksxai | ⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ aresxai | ⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ afsxai | ⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ assxai | ⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ansxai | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ aretensxai | ⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ausxai | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ are- sxai |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

#### Derived terms

* ⲣⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ (refsxai)

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 172