# 指摘
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǐzhāi
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˇ ㄓㄞ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^2$ zaak$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ́-chak
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chí-tiak / chí-tek
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zi$^2$ diah$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐzhāi
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˇ ㄓㄞ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐhjhai
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^3$-chai$^1$
*** Yale: jř-jāi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyyjai
*** Palladius: чжичжай (čžičžaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^2$ zaak$^6$
*** Yale: jí jaahk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^2$ dzaak$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^2$ zag$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː³⁵ t͡saːk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́-chak
*** Hakka Romanization System: zii$^ˋ$ zag$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zi$^3$ zag$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ³¹ t͡sak̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí-tiak
*** Tâi-lô: tsí-tiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cy'diag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí-tek
*** Tâi-lô: tsí-tik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cy'deg
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zi$^2$ diah$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsí tiah
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ tiaʔ²/
* Middle Chinese: tsyijX treak
Rime :
| Character | 指 | 摘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (17) | 麥 (119) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | II |
| Fanqie | 職雉切 | 陟革切 |
| Baxter | tsyijX | treak |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕˠiɪ$^X$/ | /ʈˠɛk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕᵚi$^X$/ | /ʈᵚæk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiɪ$^X$/ | /ȶɐk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cji$^X$/ | /ʈəɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕji$^X$/ | /ȶɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕi$^X$/ | /ȶæk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi$^X$/ | /ȶæk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǐ | zhe |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^2$ | zak$^1$ |

### Verb

指摘
* to find fault with; to criticise

#### Synonyms

* 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
* 叱罵／叱骂 (chìmà)
* 叱責／叱责 (chìzé)
* 吆喝 (colloquial)
* 呲 (cī)
* 呲兒／呲儿 (cīr)
* 呵叱 (hēchì)
* 呼喝 (hūhè) (literary)
* 呲打 (cīda) (Northeastern Mandarin)
* 呵斥 (hēchì)
* 呵責／呵责 (hēzé) (literary)
* 喝叱
* 嗔怪 (chēnguài) (literary)
* 嗔著／嗔着 (chēnzhe) (colloquial)
* 怪 (guài)
* 怒 (nù) (Classical Chinese)
* 怨怪 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 怪罪 (guàizuì)
* 批評／批评 (pīpíng)
* 指斥 (zhǐchì)
* 指責／指责 (zhǐzé)
* 指點／指点 (zhǐdiǎn)
* 捋 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 摘 (literary, or in compounds)
* 撻伐／挞伐 (tàfá) (literary, figurative)
* 數落／数落 (shǔluo) (informal)
* 數說／数说 (shǔshuō)
* 斥斥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 斥罵／斥骂 (chìmà)
* 斥責／斥责 (chìzé)
* 歸咎／归咎 (guījiù)
* 歸罪／归罪 (guīzuì)
* 派
* 激勵／激励 (jīlì) (literary)
* 熊 (xióng) (colloquial)
* 申斥 (shēnchì)
* 痛罵／痛骂 (tòngmà)
* 聲討／声讨 (shēngtǎo)
* 訓／训 (xùn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 訓斥／训斥 (xùnchì)
* 詬病／诟病 (gòubìng) (literary)
* 說／说
* 說話／说话 (shuōhuà)
* 謗議／谤议 (bàngyì) (literary)
* 譴責／谴责 (qiǎnzé)
* 責備／责备 (zébèi)
* 責怪／责怪 (zéguài)
* 責罵／责骂 (zémà)
* 責難／责难 (zénàn)
* 貶斥／贬斥 (biǎnchì) (literary)
* 貶責／贬责 (biǎnzé)
* 賴／赖 (lài)
* 非議／非议 (fēiyì)
* 非難／非难 (fēinàn)
* 體斥／体斥 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 指(し)摘(てき) (shiteki)
* → Korean: 지적(指摘) (jijeok)
* → Vietnamese: chỉ trích (指摘)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 指 | 摘 |
| し Grade: 3 | てき Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) してき [shìtékí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕite̞kʲi]

### Noun

指(し)摘(てき) • (shiteki)
* indication, identification
    間違(まちが)いのご指(し)摘(てき)ありがとうございます。
       Machigai no go-shiteki arigatō gozaimasu.
       Thank you for pointing out the error.

### Verb

指(し)摘(てき)する • (shiteki suru) suru (stem 指(し)摘(てき)し (shiteki shi), past 指(し)摘(てき)した (shiteki shita))
* to point out, to point, to show
* to bring up (a topic)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 指摘し | してきし | shiteki shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 指摘し | してきし | shiteki shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 指摘する | してきする | shiteki suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 指摘する | してきする | shiteki suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 指摘すれ | してきすれ | shiteki sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 指摘せよ¹ 指摘しろ² | してきせよ¹ してきしろ² | shiteki seyo¹ shiteki shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 指摘される | してきされる | shiteki sareru |
| Causative | 指摘させる 指摘さす | してきさせる してきさす | shiteki saseru shiteki sasu |
| Potential | 指摘できる | してきできる | shiteki dekiru |
| Volitional | 指摘しよう | してきしよう | shiteki shiyō |
| Negative | 指摘しない | してきしない | shiteki shinai |
| Negative continuative | 指摘せず | してきせず | shiteki sezu |
| Formal | 指摘します | してきします | shiteki shimasu |
| Perfective | 指摘した | してきした | shiteki shita |
| Conjunctive | 指摘して | してきして | shiteki shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 指摘すれば | してきすれば | shiteki sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 指 | 摘 |

### Noun

指摘 • (jijeok) (hangeul 지적)
* hanja form of 지적

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 指 | 摘 |

### Verb

指摘
* chữ Hán form of chỉ trích (“to criticise”).