# 牲

| 牲 | U+7272, &#29298; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7272 |
| ← 牱 [U+7271] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 牳 → [U+7273] |

## Translingual
### Han character

牲 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹手竹手一 (HQHQM), four-corner 2551$_0$, composition ⿰牜生)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 700, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19986
* Dae Jaweon: page 1112, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1807, character 7
* Unihan data for U+7272

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreŋ) : semantic 牛 (“cow”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).

### Etymology

From 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “alive”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shēng (sheng$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saang$^1$ / sang$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sên / sâng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sên$^1$ / sang$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): seng$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): sàing / sàng
* Eastern Min (BUC): săng / sĕng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sng / seng / siⁿ / seⁿ / cheng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng$^1$ / sên$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$san; $^1$sen
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sen$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sheng
*** Wade–Giles: shêng$^1$
*** Yale: shēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheng
*** Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saang$^1$ / sang$^1$
*** Yale: sāang / sāng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saang$^1$ / sang$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sang$^1$ / seng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːŋ⁵⁵/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên / sâng
*** Hakka Romanization System: sen$^ˊ$ / sang$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sen$^1$ / sang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴/, /saŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sên$^1$ / sang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɛn⁴⁴/, /saŋ⁴⁴/
* Meixian:
** sên1 - literary;
** sang1 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: sraeng
Rime :
| Character | 牲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 所庚切 |
| Baxter | sraeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂaɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʂɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sang$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sreŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 牲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11313 |
| Phonetic component | 生 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 生 |
| Old Chinese | /*sreŋ/ |

### Definitions

牲
* (historical) sacrificial animal (especially a cow, sheep, or pig)
* domestic animal; livestock

### Compounds

* 三牲 (sānshēng)
* 三牲五鼎
* 五牲
* 五牲看碗
* 宰牲節／宰牲节 (Zǎishēngjié)
* 打牲
* 牲口 (shēngkǒu)
* 牲殺／牲杀
* 牲畜 (shēngchù)
* 牲禮／牲礼 (shēnglǐ)
* 牲粉
* 牲醴
* 犧牲／牺牲 (xīshēng)
* 犧牲品／牺牲品 (xīshēngpǐn)
* 犧牲打／牺牲打
* 犧牲玉帛／牺牲玉帛
* 犧牲酒醴／牺牲酒醴
* 畜牲
* 精牲 (cheng-seⁿ) (Min Nan)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
* Kun: にえ (nie, 牲)

## Korean
### Hanja

牲 • (saeng) (hangeul 생, revised saeng, McCune–Reischauer saeng, Yale sayng)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

牲: Hán Việt readings: sinh
牲: Nôm readings: sinh, sanh, xinh, chũa
* chữ Hán form of sinh (“domestic or sacrificial animal”).

#### References

* 1 2 3 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).