# 在位
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zàiwèi
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˋ ㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi$^6$ wai$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhai-vi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cai$^4$ vi$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chāi-ūi / chǎi-ūi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): do$^6$ ui$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zàiwèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˋ ㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zàiwèi
*** Wade–Giles: tsai$^4$-wei$^4$
*** Yale: dzài-wèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaywey
*** Palladius: цзайвэй (czajvɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoi$^6$ wai$^6$
*** Yale: joih waih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi$^6$ wai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zoi$^6$ wei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːi̯²² wɐi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhai-vi
*** Hakka Romanization System: cai vi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cai$^4$ vi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵ vi⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cai$^4$ vi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ʋi⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chāi-ūi
*** Tâi-lô: tsāi-uī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zaixui
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sai²²⁻²¹ ui²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai³³⁻²¹ ui³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai³³⁻¹¹ ui³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǎi-ūi
*** Tâi-lô: tsǎi-uī
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai²² ui⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: do$^6$ ui$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŏ ūi
*** Sinological IPA : /to³⁵⁻¹¹ ui¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: dzojX|dzojH hwijH
Rime :
| Character | 在 | 在 | 位 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 從 (15) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 咍 (41) | 脂 (18) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I | III |
| Fanqie | 昨宰切 | 昨代切 | 于愧切 |
| Baxter | dzojX | dzojH | hwijH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zʌi$^X$/ | /d͡zʌi$^H$/ | /ɦˠiuɪ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zəi$^X$/ | /d͡zəi$^H$/ | /ɦʷᵚi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zɒi$^X$/ | /d͡zɒi$^H$/ | /ɣiuɪ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zəj$^X$/ | /d͡zəj$^H$/ | /ɦjwi$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zᴀi$^X$/ | /d͡zᴀi$^H$/ | /ɣjui$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zɒi$^X$/ | /d͡zɒi$^H$/ | /ɣwi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡zʱɑ̆i$^X$/ | /d͡zʱɑ̆i$^H$/ | /wi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zài | zài | wèi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoi$^6$ | zoi$^6$ | wai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤəʔ [ɢ]ʷrəp-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zlɯːʔ|zlɯːs ɢʷrɯbs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 在 | 位 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zài | wèi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzoj$^X$ › | ‹ hwij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]ˁəʔ/ | /*[ɢ]ʷrəp-s/ (< *ɢʷəʔ-rəp-s ?) |
| English | be at, be present | standing, position |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 在 | 在 | 位 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1064 | 1065 | 7865 |
| Phonetic component | 才 | 才 | 立 |
| Rime group | 之 | 之 | 內 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 在 | 載 | 位 |
| Old Chinese | /*zlɯːʔ/ | /*zlɯːs/ | /*ɢʷrɯbs/ |

### Verb

在位
* to reign; to hold the throne
* to hold a certain position

#### Synonyms

* (reign): (archaic) 立朝 (lìcháo)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 在(ざい)位(い) (zaī)
* → Korean: 재위(在位) (jaewi)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 在 | 位 |
| ざい Grade: 5 | い Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

在(ざい)位(い) • (zaii)
* reign
* holding a certain position

### Verb

在(ざい)位(い)する • (zaii suru) suru (stem 在(ざい)位(い)し (zaii shi), past 在(ざい)位(い)した (zaii shita))
* to reign, to hold the throne
* to hold a certain position

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 在位し | ざいいし | zaii shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 在位し | ざいいし | zaii shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 在位する | ざいいする | zaii suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 在位する | ざいいする | zaii suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 在位すれ | ざいいすれ | zaii sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 在位せよ¹ 在位しろ² | ざいいせよ¹ ざいいしろ² | zaii seyo¹ zaii shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 在位される | ざいいされる | zaii sareru |
| Causative | 在位させる 在位さす | ざいいさせる ざいいさす | zaii saseru zaii sasu |
| Potential | 在位できる | ざいいできる | zaii dekiru |
| Volitional | 在位しよう | ざいいしよう | zaii shiyō |
| Negative | 在位しない | ざいいしない | zaii shinai |
| Negative continuative | 在位せず | ざいいせず | zaii sezu |
| Formal | 在位します | ざいいします | zaii shimasu |
| Perfective | 在位した | ざいいした | zaii shita |
| Conjunctive | 在位して | ざいいして | zaii shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 在位すれば | ざいいすれば | zaii sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||