# 塵世
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chénshì
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ ㄕˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): can$^4$ sai$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀n-sṳ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tîn-sè / tîn-sì
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zen-sy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chénshì
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chénshìh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻên$^2$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: chén-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chernshyh
*** Palladius: чэньши (čɛnʹši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$塵世／尘世 塵事／尘事 臣事
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: can$^4$ sai$^3$
*** Yale: chàhn sai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsan$^4$ sai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cen$^4$ sei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐn²¹ sɐi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀n-sṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: ciin$^ˇ$ sii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cin$^2$ si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨn¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tîn-sè
*** Tâi-lô: tîn-sè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dinsex
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tin²³⁻³³ se²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tin²⁴⁻²² se⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tin²⁴⁻²² se²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tin²⁴⁻¹¹ se¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tîn-sì
*** Tâi-lô: tîn-sì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dinsix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tin¹³⁻²² si²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen-sy
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$ sy
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen-sr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²² sz̩⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: drin syejH
Rime :
| Character | 塵 | 世 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (44) | 祭 (35) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 直珍切 | 舒制切 |
| Baxter | drin | syejH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠiɪn/ | /ɕiᴇi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖᵚin/ | /ɕiɛi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡien/ | /ɕjæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖjin/ | /ɕiaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡjĕn/ | /ɕiɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡǐĕn/ | /ɕĭɛi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯ĕn/ | /ɕi̯ɛi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chén | shì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | can$^4$ | sai$^3$ |

### Noun

塵世
* (Buddhism, Taoism) the human world; the world of mortals

#### Synonyms

* 世間／世间 (shìjiān)
* 人世 (rénshì)
* 人世間／人世间 (rénshìjiān)
* 人寰 (rénhuán) (literary)
* 人間／人间 (rénjiān)
* 人間世／人间世 (rénjiānshì) (literary)
* 俗世 (súshì)
* 凡世 (fánshì) (literary)
* 塵世間／尘世间 (chénshìjiān)
* 塵俗／尘俗 (chénsú)
* 塵寰／尘寰 (chénhuán) (literary)
* 塵間／尘间 (chénjiān)
* 濁世／浊世 (zhuóshì) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 塵世間／尘世间 (chénshìjiān)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 塵世(じんせい) (jinsei)
* → Vietnamese: trần thế (塵世)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 塵 | 世 |
| じん Hyōgai | せい Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 塵世 (ɖˠiɪn ɕiᴇi$^H$).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じんせー [jìńséé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑĩɰ̃se̞ː]

### Noun

塵(じん)世(せい) • (jinsei)
* the human world

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 塵 | 世 |

### Noun

塵世
* chữ Hán form of trần thế (“world of mortals”).