# 幼稚園
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yòuzhìyuán
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˋ ㄓˋ ㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jau$^3$ zi$^6$ jyun$^{4-2}$ / jau$^3$ zi$^6$ jyun$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yiu$^1$ zi$^5$ yon$^{3*}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): iu$^4$ ci$^5$ yon$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yu-chṳ̂-yèn / yu-chhṳ̂-yèn / yô-chi-én / yu-chṳ̂-yàn / yu-chhṳ̂-yàn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yu$^4$ ci$^1$ yan$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): iū-cĭ-hûing
* Eastern Min (BUC): éu-dê-huòng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iù-tī-hn̂g / iù-tī-hûiⁿ / iù-tī-oân
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ieu-zy-yoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yòuzhìyuán → yòuzhiyuán (toneless variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˋ ㄓˋ ㄩㄢˊ → ㄧㄡˋ ˙ㄓ ㄩㄢˊ (toneless variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yòujhi̊hyuán
*** Wade–Giles: yu$^4$-chih$^5$-yüan$^2$
*** Yale: yòu-jr-ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yow.jyhyuan
*** Palladius: ючжиюань (jučžijuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /joʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/ → /joʊ̯⁵¹ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩¹ ɥɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^3$ zi$^6$ jyun$^{4-2}$ / jau$^3$ zi$^6$ jyun$^4$
*** Yale: yau jih yún / yau jih yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^3$ dzi$^6$ jyn$^{4-2}$ / jau$^3$ dzi$^6$ jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^3$ ji$^6$ yun$^{4-2}$ / yeo$^3$ ji$^6$ yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯³³ t͡siː²² jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/, /jɐu̯³³ t͡siː²² jyːn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yiu$^1$ zi$^5$ yon$^{3*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiu³³ t͡si³² jᵘɔn²²⁻²²⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: iu$^4$ ci$^5$ yon$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /iu³⁵ t͡sʰz̩¹¹ yɵn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yu-chṳ̂-yèn / yu-chhṳ̂-yèn / yô-chi-én
*** Hakka Romanization System: iu zii$^ˊ$ ien$^ˇ$ / iu cii$^ˊ$ ien$^ˇ$ / io$^ˊ$ ji en$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^4$ zi$^1$ yan$^2$ / yiu$^4$ ci$^1$ yan$^2$ / yo$^1$ ji$^4$ en$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯u⁵⁵ t͡sɨ²⁴ i̯en¹¹/, /i̯u⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨ²⁴ i̯en¹¹/, /i̯o²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵⁵ en³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yu-chṳ̂-yàn / yu-chhṳ̂-yàn / yô-chi-én
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu zii$^ˊ$ (r)ian$^ˇ$ / (r)iu cii$^ˊ$ (r)ian$^ˇ$ / (r)io$^ˊ$ ji en$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^4$ zi$^1$ yan$^2$ / yiu$^4$ ci$^1$ yan$^2$ / yo$^1$ ji$^4$ en$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u⁵⁵ t͡sɨ²⁴ (j)i̯an¹¹/, /(j)i̯u⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨ²⁴ (j)i̯an¹¹/, /(j)i̯o²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵⁵ en³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yu$^4$ ci$^1$ yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /iu⁵³ t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ian¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iū-cĭ-hûing
*** Sinological IPA : /iu⁵⁵ t͡si²⁴ xuiŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: éu-dê-huòng
*** Sinological IPA : /ieu²¹³⁻²¹ $^{(t-)}$li²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(h-)}$uoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iù-tī-hn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: iù-tī-hn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iuo'dixhngg
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iu²¹⁻⁵³ ti²²⁻²¹ hŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iu¹¹⁻⁵³ ti³³⁻¹¹ hŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu²¹⁻⁴¹ ti³³⁻²¹ hŋ̍²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ti⁴¹⁻²² hŋ̍²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iù-tī-hûiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: iù-tī-huînn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iuo'dixhvuii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu²¹⁻⁵³ ti²²⁻²¹ huĩ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iù-tī-oân
*** Tâi-lô: iù-tī-uân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iuo'dixoaan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iu²¹⁻⁵³ ti²²⁻²¹ uan²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /iu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ti⁴¹⁻²² uan²⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ieu-zy-yoe
*** MiniDict: ieu$^去$ zy yoe
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ieu-zr-hhyoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɤ³³ zz̩⁵⁵ ɦyø²¹/

### Noun

幼稚園
* (Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Southeast Asia; dated or dialectal in Mainland China) kindergarten; nursery school

#### Synonyms

* 學前班／学前班 (xuéqiánbān)
* 幼兒園／幼儿园 (yòu'éryuán) (chiefly Mainland China)
* 幼稚班 (Malaysian Hokkien, Mandalay Taishanese)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 幼兒園 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 幼稚園 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 幼兒園 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 幼兒園 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 幼兒園 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 幼兒園 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 幼兒園 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 幼兒園 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 幼兒園 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 幼兒園 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 幼兒園 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 幼兒園 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 幼兒園 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 幼兒園, 幼稚園兒 dated |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 幼稚園 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 幼稚園 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 幼兒園 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 幼兒園 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 幼兒園 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 幼兒園 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 幼兒園 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 幼兒園兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 幼兒園 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 幼兒園 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 幼兒園, 幼兒院, 幼稚園兒 dated |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 幼兒園 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 幼兒園 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 幼兒園, 幼稚園兒 dated |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 幼兒園 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 幼兒園 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 幼兒園兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 幼兒院 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 幼兒園 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 幼兒園 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 幼兒園 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 幼兒園 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 幼兒園 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 幼兒園 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 幼兒園 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 幼兒園 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 幼兒園兒, 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 幼兒園 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 幼兒園 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 幼兒園 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 幼兒園 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 幼兒園 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 幼兒園 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 幼兒園 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 幼兒園 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 幼兒園 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 幼兒園 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 幼兒園 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 幼兒園 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 幼兒園 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 幼兒園 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 幼稚園 kindergarten, 幼兒園 nursery |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 幼兒園 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 幼兒園 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 幼稚班 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 幼稚園 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 幼兒園 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated |
| Hakka | Meixian | 幼稚園, 幼兒園 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 幼稚園 dated |
| Hakka | Yudu | 幼兒園 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 幼稚園 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 幼稚園 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 幼稚園 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 幼稚園 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 幼稚園 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 幼稚園 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 幼稚園 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 幼兒園 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 幼兒園, 幼兒院 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 幼兒園 |
| Jin | Datong | 幼兒園 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 幼兒園 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 幼兒園 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 幼兒園 |
| Jin | Linhe | 幼兒園 |
| Jin | Jining | 幼兒園 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 幼兒園 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 幼兒院 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 幼兒園 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 幼兒園 |
| Jin | Handan | 幼兒院 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 幼兒園 |
| Jin | Suide | 幼兒園 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 幼稚園 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 幼稚園, 幼兒園 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 幼稚園, 幼兒園 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 幼稚園, 幼兒園 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 幼兒園 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 幼稚班 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 幼稚班 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 幼稚園 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 幼兒園 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 幼兒園 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 幼兒院, 幼兒園 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 幼稚園, 幼兒園 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 幼兒院 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 幼兒園 |
| Wu | Danyang | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 幼兒園 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated |
| Wu | Jinhua | 幼兒班, 幼稚院 dated |
| Xiang | Changsha | 幼兒園 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 幼兒園 |

### References

* Chanicha Kidprasert (2016-03-21) 泰国华语与汉语普通话书面语差异研究 [The Difference of Writing Pattern between Thai “Huayu” and Mandarin] (PhD) (in Chinese), Harbin: Heilongjiang University

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 幼 | 稚 | 園 |
| よう Grade: 6 | ち Grade: S | えん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |||

### Etymology

Compound of 幼稚 (yōchi, “infantile”) +‎ 園 (en, “garden”). The term is apparently a calque of German Kindergarten (“children's garden”), as Japanese yōchien were started in 1876 based on the German model initiated by Friedrich Fröbel in 1837 and on the term Kindergarten that he coined in 1840.
First cited in Japanese to 1876.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) よーちえん [yòóchíꜜèǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [jo̞ːt͡ɕiẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

幼(よう)稚(ち)園(えん) • (yōchien)
* [from 1876] a kindergarten
    幼(よう)稚(ち)園(えん)から帰(かえ)るなり、母(はは)に抱(だ)きついてきました。
       Yōchien kara kaeru nari, haha ni dakitsuite kimashita.
       As soon as she returned from kindergarten, she clung to her mom.

#### Related terms

* 保(ほ)育(いく)園(えん) (hoikuen, “a nursery school, a preschool”)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ “幼稚園”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 幼 | 稚 | 園 |

### Noun

幼稚園 • (yuchiwon or McCune-Reischauer: yuch'iwŏn or Yale: yuchiwen) (hangeul 유치원)
* hanja form of 유치원 (“kindergarten”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 幼 | 稚 | 園 |

### Noun

幼稚園
* chữ Hán form of ấu trĩ viên (“kindergarten”).