# 磑

| 磑 | U+78D1, &#30929; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78D1 |
| ← 磐 [U+78D0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 磒 → [U+78D2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

磑 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一口山一廿 (MRUMT), four-corner 1261$_8$, composition ⿰石豈)
* stone mill
* grind
* break apart

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 834, character 34
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24402
* Dae Jaweon: page 1252, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2447, character 9
* Unihan data for U+78D1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 磑
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 獃 | *tŋɯː, *ŋɯː |
| 剴 | *kŋɯːl, *ŋɯːl |
| 凱 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 愷 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 塏 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 鎧 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls |
| 颽 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 暟 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ |
| 闓 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls |
| 豈 | *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ |
| 隑 | *ɡɯːls, *ŋɯːl |
| 皚 | *ŋɯːl |
| 嵦 | *ŋɡɯːl |
| 敳 | *ŋɯːl |
| 磑 | *ŋɯːl, *ŋuːl, *ŋuːls |
| 螘 | *ŋralʔ, *ŋɯlʔ |
| 覬 | *krɯls |
| 溰 | *ŋɯl |
| 顗 | *ŋɯlʔ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wèi (wei$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gâi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^4$
*** Yale: wèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngoi$^6$
*** Yale: ngoih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngoi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔːi̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâi
*** Tâi-lô: gâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gaai
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ɡai²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡai¹³/
* Middle Chinese: ngwojH
Rime :
| Character | 磑 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五對切 |
| Baxter | ngwojH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋuʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋuoi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋuɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋwəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋuᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋuɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ŋuɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wèi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋuːls/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 磑 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 10127 |
| Phonetic component | 豈 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 磑 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋuːls/ |

#### Definitions

磑
* (literary or regional) grindstone; roller used to mill grains
* (literary) to grind

##### Compounds

* 安碓磑／安碓硙
* 磑傘／硙伞

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ái, gāi (ai$^2$, gai$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄞˊ, ㄍㄞ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): goi$^1$ / ngoi$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ái
*** Zhuyin: ㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ái
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^2$
*** Yale: ái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: air
*** Palladius: ай (aj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, obsolete)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gāi
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄞ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gai
*** Wade–Giles: kai$^1$
*** Yale: gāi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gai
*** Palladius: гай (gaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kaɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: goi$^1$ / ngoi$^4$
*** Yale: gōi / ngòih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: goi$^1$ / ngoi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: goi$^1$ / ngoi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːi̯⁵⁵/, /ŋɔːi̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: ngwoj
Rime :
| Character | 磑 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五灰切 |
| Baxter | ngwoj |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋuʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋuoi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋuɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋwəj/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋuᴀi/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋuɒi/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ŋuɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wéi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngoi$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɯːl/, /*ŋuːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 磑 | 磑 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 |
| No. | 10119 | 10126 |
| Phonetic component | 豈 | 豈 |
| Rime group | 微 | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 鮠 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋɯːl/ | /*ŋuːl/ |
| Notes | 見宋玉賦 | |

#### Definitions

磑
* Used in 磑磑／硙硙 (ái'ái).

##### Compounds

* 磑磑／硙硙 (ái'ái)

### References

* “磑”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* mortar
* hand mill

#### Readings

* Go-on: げ (ge)
* Kan-on: がい (gai)
* Kun: うす (usu, 磑す)

## Korean
### Hanja

磑 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

磑: Hán Nôm readings: ngại
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.