# 疾

| 疾 | U+75BE, &#30142; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-75BE |
| ← 疽 [U+75BD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 疿 → [U+75BF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

疾 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大人大 (KOK), four-corner 0013$_4$, composition ⿸疒矢)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 771, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22112
* Dae Jaweon: page 1181, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2666, character 10
* Unihan data for U+75BE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 疾 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 嫉 | *zids, *zid |
| 疾 | *zid |
| 蒺 | *zid |
| 愱 | *zid |
| 槉 | *zid |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 疒 (“illness”) + 矢 (“arrow”).
The oracle glyph depicts a person being hit by an arrow.

### Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-(t)sik (“to burn, itch; angry”), to which 堲 (OC *ʔsiɡ, *ʔsɯɡ, *zɯɡ, “coaled part of a burning torch”) has also been connected. Outside of Sinitic, compare Tibetan ཚིག (tshig, “to burn, glow, be inflamed”), as well as perhaps Burmese ချစ် (hkyac, “burnt”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jí (ji$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zat$^6$ / zaat$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhi̍t
* Northern Min (KCR): cĭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): cĭk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chi̍t / che̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zib$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zhiq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jí
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^2$
*** Yale: jí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zat$^6$ / zaat$^6$
*** Yale: jaht / jaaht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzat$^9$ / dzaat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zed$^6$ / zad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐt̚²/, /t͡saːt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhi̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: qid
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰit̚⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡si²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭk
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi̍t
*** Tâi-lô: tsi̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cit
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sit̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: che̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tsi̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zek
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪk̚⁴/
* Xiamen, Taiwan:
** chi̍t - literary;
** che̍k - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: dzit
Rime :
| Character | 疾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 質 (48) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 秦悉切 |
| Baxter | dzit |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ziɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zjet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ziĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭĕt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi̯ĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]i[t]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zid/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 疾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzit › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]i[t]/ |
| English | sickness |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 疾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5740 |
| Phonetic component | 疾 |
| Rime group | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 疾 |
| Old Chinese | /*zid/ |
| Notes | 象着矢致疾臥牀， 矢非聲 |

### Definitions

疾
* (literary or in compounds) swift; quick; hasty
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Chē zhōng, bù nèi gù, bù jí yán, bù qīn zhǐ. [Pinyin]
    When he was in the carriage, he did not turn his head quite round, he did not talk hastily, he did not point with his hands.
* (literary or in compounds) strong; forceful
* (literary or in compounds) illness; disease; sickness
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Sī rén yě ér yǒu sī jí yě! [Pinyin]
    That such a man should have such a sickness!
* (obsolete or dialectal Hakka) to ache; to be painful
* (obsolete) (alt. form 嫉) to hate; to loathe
* Alternative form of 嫉 (jí, “to envy”)

#### Synonyms

* (illness):
* 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 症 (zhèng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 病 (bìng)
* 病患 (bìnghuàn)
* 疾病 (jíbìng)
* 病疾 (bìngjí) (literary)
* 病症 (bìngzhèng)
* 疾症
* 病痛 (bìngtòng)
* 症頭／症头 (Hakka, Hokkien)
* 病魔 (bìngmó) (figurative)
* (to ache):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 痛, 疼$_1$, 疼痛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 疼$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 痛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 疼$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 疼$_1$, 痛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 疼$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 疼$_1$, 痛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 痛, 疼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 痛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 疼$_1$ |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 疼$_1$ |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 疼$_1$ |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 疼$_1$ |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 疼$_1$, 痛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 疼$_1$ |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 痛 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 疼$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 疼$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 疼$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 疼$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 疼$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 疼$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 疼$_1$ |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 疼$_1$ |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 疼$_1$ |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 疼$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 痛, 疼$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 痛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 疼$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 痛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 疼$_1$, 痛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 痛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 痛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 疼$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 疼$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 疼$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 疼$_1$ |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 疼$_1$ |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 疼$_1$, 痛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 疼$_1$, 痛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 疼$_1$ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 痛, 赤 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 痛, 赤 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 赤 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 赤 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 痛 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 痛 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 痛 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 痛 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 痛 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 痛 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 痛 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 痛 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 疾 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 痛 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 疾 |
| Hakka | Changting | 疾 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 疾 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 疾 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 痛 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 痛 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 痛 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 疾 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 疾 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 痛 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 痛 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 痛 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 痛 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 痛 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 疼$_1$ |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 疼$_1$ |
| Jin | Linhe | 疼$_1$ |
| Jin | Jining | 疼$_1$ |
| Jin | Hohhot | 疼$_1$ |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 疼$_1$ |
| Jin | Handan | 疼$_1$ |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 字 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 痛 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 痛 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 痛 |
| Wu | Danyang | 痛 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 痛 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 痛 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 痛 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 痛 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 痛 |

### Compounds

* 不疾不徐
* 不遲不疾／不迟不疾
* 出醜揚疾／出丑扬疾
* 剽疾
* 力疾
* 厥疾勿瘳
* 厲疾／厉疾
* 含垢藏疾
* 含蓼問疾／含蓼问疾
* 唱叫揚疾／唱叫扬疾
* 啾疾
* 固疾 (gùjí)
* 大聲疾呼／大声疾呼 (dàshēngjíhū)
* 天疾
* 奮筆疾書／奋笔疾书
* 妒賢疾能／妒贤疾能
* 嬰疾／婴疾
* 子春之疾
* 宿疾 (sùjí)
* 寢疾／寝疾
* 小疾 (xiǎojí)
* 巔疾／巅疾
* 廢疾／废疾
* 弔喪問疾／吊丧问疾
* 弔死問疾／吊死问疾
* 引疾
* 弱疾
* 心腹之疾
* 惡疾／恶疾 (èjí)
* 愁疾
* 打疾
* 掩瑕藏疾
* 搆疾／构疾
* 撫劍疾視／抚剑疾视
* 暗疾 (ànjí)
* 暴疾
* 暴風疾雨／暴风疾雨
* 末疾
* 殘疾／残疾 (cánjí)
* 毀疾／毁疾
* 河魚之疾／河鱼之疾
* 河魚腹疾／河鱼腹疾
* 無疾而終／无疾而终 (wújí'érzhōng)
* 煙霞痼疾／烟霞痼疾
* 犬馬之疾／犬马之疾
* 狂疾
* 產疾／产疾
* 疚心疾首
* 疢如疾首
* 疾世憤俗／疾世愤俗
* 疾之如仇
* 疾之若仇
* 疾伶
* 疾便
* 疾呼
* 疾如旋踵
* 疾如雷電／疾如雷电
* 疾忙 (jímáng)
* 疾快
* 疾患 (jíhuàn)
* 疾惡／疾恶
* 疾惡如仇／疾恶如仇
* 疾惡好善／疾恶好善
* 疾惡若仇／疾恶若仇
* 疾步 (jíbù)
* 疾疢
* 疾病 (jíbìng)
* 疾痛慘怛／疾痛惨怛
* 疾視／疾视 (jíshì)
* 疾終正寢／疾终正寝
* 疾聲大呼／疾声大呼
* 疾苦 (jíkǔ)
* 疾行 (jíxíng)
* 疾言厲色／疾言厉色 (jíyánlìsè)
* 疾言遽色
* 疾走 (jízǒu)
* 疾足先得
* 疾速
* 疾逸
* 疾雷
* 疾風／疾风 (jífēng)
* 疾風勁草／疾风劲草 (jífēngjìngcǎo)
* 疾風暴雨／疾风暴雨
* 疾風甚雨／疾风甚雨
* 疾風迅雷／疾风迅雷
* 疾風驟雨／疾风骤雨
* 疾首 (jíshǒu)
* 疾首痛心
* 疾首蹙頞／疾首蹙𱂨
* 疾首蹙額／疾首蹙额
* 疾馳／疾驰 (jíchí)
* 疾駛／疾驶
* 痛心疾首 (tòngxīnjíshǒu)
* 痢疾 (lìjí)
* 痛疾
* 痞疾
* 痢疾桿菌／痢疾杆菌
* 痼疾 (gùjí)
* 瘧疾／疟疾 (nüèjí)
* 眼疾手快
* 示疾
* 稱疾／称疾
* 積勞成疾／积劳成疾 (jīláochéngjí)
* 積憂成疾／积忧成疾
* 竊疾／窃疾
* 篤疾／笃疾
* 細疾／细疾
* 腹心之疾
* 腹疾
* 膏肓之疾
* 舊疾復發／旧疾复发
* 虐疾
* 蠱疾／蛊疾
* 行疾如飛／行疾如飞
* 託疾／托疾 (tuōjí)
* 諱疾忌醫／讳疾忌医 (huìjíjìyī)
* 負薪之疾／负薪之疾
* 躄疾
* 辭疾／辞疾
* 迅疾 (xùnjí)
* 遄疾
* 遘疾
* 采薪之疾
* 重疾 (zhòngjí)
* 錮疾／锢疾 (gùjí)
* 鑽疾／钻疾
* 除疾遺類／除疾遗类
* 隱疾／隐疾
* 頑疾／顽疾 (wánjí)
* 風疾／风疾
* 飄疾／飘疾
* 高材疾足

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* disease, sickness
* fast, quick, rapid

#### Readings

* Go-on: じち (jichi)
* Kan-on: しつ (shitsu, Jōyō)
* Kun: やまい (yamai, 疾)、にくむ (nikumu, 疾む)、はやい (hayai, 疾い)、とい (toi, 疾い)

## Korean
### Hanja

疾 (eumhun 병 질 (byeong jil))
* illness, disease, sickness
* to hate

## Vietnamese
### Han character

疾: Hán Nôm readings: tật
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.