# 鮮卑
## Chinese
### Etymology
#### "Xianbei"

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
    Paul Pelliot (1928:141, 142) suggested this was borrowed from Xianbei *serbi ~ *särbi.

#### "belt hook"

    Thought to be related to the Xianbei sense. Compare similar forms such as 犀比, 犀毗, 師比／师比 (shīpí), 胥紕／胥纰.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Xiānbēi
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢ ㄅㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sin$^1$ bei$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Siên-pî
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Sian-pi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Xiānbēi
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ ㄅㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Sianbei
*** Wade–Giles: Hsien$^1$-pei$^1$
*** Yale: Syān-bēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shianbei
*** Palladius: Сяньбэй (Sjanʹbɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sin$^1$ bei$^1$
*** Yale: sīn bēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sin$^1$ bei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xin$^1$ béi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːn⁵⁵ pei̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Siên-pî
*** Hakka Romanization System: xien$^ˊ$ bi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xian$^1$ bi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ pi²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sian-pi
*** Tâi-lô: Sian-pi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sienpy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn³³ pi³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: sjen pjie
Rime :
| Character | 鮮 | 卑 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 相然切 | 府移切 |
| Baxter | sjen | pjie |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siᴇn/ | /piᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɛn/ | /piɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjæn/ | /pjɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sian/ | /piə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /siɛn/ | /pie/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭɛn/ | /pǐe/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /si̯ɛn/ | /pie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiān | bī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sin$^1$ | bei$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s[a]r pe/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sen pe/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鮮 | 卑 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiān | bēi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjen › | ‹ pjie › |
| Old Chinese | /*s[a]r/ | /*pe/ |
| English | 鮮卑 *s[a]r.pe Xiānbēi | 鮮卑 *s[a]r.pe Xiānbēi |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鮮 | 卑 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13490 | 368 |
| Phonetic component | 鮮 | 卑 |
| Rime group | 元 | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 仙 | 卑 |
| Old Chinese | /*sen/ | /*pe/ |
| Notes | 說文羴省聲 | |

### Proper noun

鮮卑
* (historical) Xianbei (group of northern nomadic peoples)
    From: Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3rd century CE
    Wūwán, Xiānbēi jí gǔ suǒwèi Dōnghú yě. [Pinyin]
    The Wuhuan and Xianbei are the so-called Eastern Hu of yore.
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* 白賊／白贼 (báizéi) (offensive, derogatory)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 鮮(せん)卑(ぴ) (senpi)
* → Korean: 선비(鮮卑) (seonbi)
* → Vietnamese: Tiên Ti (鮮卑)
Others:
* → English: Xianbei
* → French: Xianbei
* → German: Xianbei
* → Portuguese: xianbei
* → Russian: сяньби́ (sjanʹbí), сяньбэ́й (sjanʹbɛ́j)
* → Spanish: xianbei
* → Ukrainian: сяньбі́ (sjanʹbí)

### Noun

鮮卑
* (obsolete) belt hook of northern non-Chinese peoples
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Xiǎo yāo xiù jǐng, ruò xiānbēi zhǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### References

* ↑ Pelliot, Paul (1928) “L’édition collective des œuvres de Wang Kouo-wei”, in T’oung Pao‎, volume 26, number 2/3, pages 113-182

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 鮮 | 卑 |
| せん Grade: S | ひ > ぴ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 鮮卑 (kyūjitai)

### Proper noun

鮮(せん)卑(ぴ) • (Senpi)
* Xianbei (group of northern nomadic peoples)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 鮮 | 卑 |

### Proper noun

鮮卑 • (Seonbi) (hangeul 선비)
* hanja form of 선비 (“Xianbei (group of northern nomadic peoples)”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 鮮 | 卑 |

### Proper noun

鮮卑
* chữ Hán form of Tiên Ti (“Xianbei (group of northern nomadic peoples)”).