# 沽

| 沽 | U+6CBD, &#27837; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CBD |
| ← 沼 [U+6CBC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 沾 → [U+6CBE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

沽 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水十口 (EJR), four-corner 3416$_0$, composition ⿰氵古)
* buy and sell
* cheap, shoddy, inferior in quality

#### Derived characters

* 𢜃

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 614, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17258
* Dae Jaweon: page 1008, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1581, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6CBD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 沽 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 箇 | *kaːls |
| 個 | *kaːls |
| 居 | *kɯ, *kas |
| 橭 | *kaː, *kʰaː |
| 嫴 | *kaː |
| 姑 | *kaː |
| 辜 | *kaː |
| 酤 | *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ |
| 蛄 | *kaː |
| 鴣 | *kaː |
| 沽 | *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs |
| 盬 | *kaː, *kaːʔ |
| 古 | *kaːʔ |
| 罟 | *kaːʔ |
| 估 | *kaːʔ |
| 鈷 | *kaːʔ |
| 詁 | *kaːʔ |
| 牯 | *kaːʔ |
| 故 | *kaːs |
| 固 | *kaːs |
| 稒 | *kaːɡs |
| 痼 | *kaːɡs |
| 錮 | *kaːɡs |
| 鯝 | *kaːɡs |
| 棝 | *kaːɡs |
| 凅 | *kaːɡs |
| 枯 | *kʰaː |
| 軲 | *kʰaː |
| 跍 | *kʰaː |
| 骷 | *kʰaː |
| 苦 | *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs |
| 葫 | *qʰaː, *ɡaː |
| 餬 | *ɡaː |
| 瑚 | *ɡaː |
| 湖 | *ɡaː |
| 鶘 | *ɡaː |
| 猢 | *ɡaː |
| 醐 | *ɡaː |
| 糊 | *ɡaː |
| 箶 | *ɡaː |
| 蝴 | *ɡaː |
| 胡 | *ɡaː |
| 瓳 | *ɡaː |
| 怙 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 祜 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 岵 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 婟 | *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs |
| 楛 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 据 | *ka |
| 裾 | *ka |
| 琚 | *ka |
| 椐 | *ka, *kas, *kʰa |
| 鶋 | *ka |
| 蜛 | *ka |
| 崌 | *ka |
| 涺 | *ka |
| 腒 | *ka, *ɡa |
| 鋸 | *kas |
| 倨 | *kas |
| 踞 | *kas |
| 涸 | *ɡaːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).

### Etymology

Cognate with 酤 (OC *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ, “to buy alcoholic drink”)，賈 (OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ, “to buy or sell”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): gū (gu$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gu$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gu$^1$ / gu$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kû
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko͘ / kó͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gū
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gu
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^1$
*** Yale: gū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gu
*** Palladius: гу (gu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: gu$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gu
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^1$ / gu$^2$
*** Yale: gū / gú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^1$ / gu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^1$ / gu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː⁵⁵/, /kuː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû
*** Hakka Romanization System: gu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘ / kó͘
*** Tâi-lô: koo / kóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kof, kor
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴/, /kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³/, /kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴/, /kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴/, /kɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴/, /kɔ⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: ku, kuX, kuH
Rime :
| Character | 沽 | 沽 | 沽 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 模 (23) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 古胡切 | 公戸切 | 古暮切 |
| Baxter | ku | kuX | kuH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuo/ | /kuo$^X$/ | /kuo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuo/ | /kuo$^X$/ | /kuo$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ko/ | /ko$^X$/ | /ko$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɔ/ | /kɔ$^X$/ | /kɔ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ko/ | /ko$^X$/ | /ko$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ku/ | /ku$^X$/ | /ku$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kuo/ | /kuo$^X$/ | /kuo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gū | gǔ | gù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gu$^1$ | gu$^2$ | gu$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kaː/, /*kaːʔ/, /*kaːs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 沽 | 沽 | 沽 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 4217 | 4226 | 4229 |
| Phonetic component | 古 | 古 | 古 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 孤 | 古 | 顧 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaː/ | /*kaːʔ/ | /*kaːs/ |
| Notes | | | 同酤 |

### Definitions

沽
* to buy
* to sell
    沽咗層樓／沽咗层楼 [Cantonese] ― gu$^1$ zo$^2$ cang$^4$ lau$^{4-2}$ [Jyutping] ― to sell one's flat
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ Gòng yuē: “Yǒu měiyù yú sī, yùn dú ér cáng zhū? Qiú shàn ɡǔ ér gū zhū?” Zǐ yuē: “Gū zhī zāi! Gū zhī zāi! Wǒ dài ɡǔ zhě yě.” [Pinyin]
    Zi Gong said, "There is a beautiful gem here. Should I lay it up in a case and keep it? or should I seek for a good price and sell it?" The Master said, "Sell it! Sell it! But I would wait for one to offer the price."
* Short for 天津 (Tiānjīn).

#### Compounds

* 功沽
* 吊譽沽名／吊誉沽名
* 善賈而沽／善贾而沽
* 塘沽 (Tánggū)
* 塘沽新港
* 大沽 (Dàgū)
* 大沽口 (Dàgūkǒu)
* 屠沽 (túgū)
* 屠沽兒／屠沽儿
* 屠沽子
* 平沽
* 待價而沽／待价而沽 (dàijià'érgū)
* 沽取 (gūqǔ)
* 沽名 (gūmíng)
* 沽名吊譽／沽名吊誉
* 沽名干譽
* 沽名邀譽／沽名邀誉
* 沽名釣譽／沽名钓誉 (gūmíngdiàoyù)
* 沽河
* 沽泊
* 沽激
* 沽直
* 沽空 (gūkōng)
* 沽酒
* 沽酒當爐／沽酒当炉
* 沽飲／沽饮
* 直沽
* 釣名沽譽／钓名沽誉
* 釣譽沽名／钓誉沽名

### References

* “沽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: こ (ko)
* Kun: あたい (atai, 沽い)、あらい (arai, 沽い)、うる (uru, 沽る)

## Korean
### Hanja

沽 (eum 고 (go))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

沽: Hán Nôm readings: cô
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation

## Zhuang
### Noun

沽
* Sawndip form of gyu (“salt”)