# 聖賢
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shèngxián
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sing$^3$ jin$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳn-hièn / sṳn-hiàn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sèng-hiân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sian$^3$ hiang$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shèngxián
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shèngsián
*** Wade–Giles: shêng$^4$-hsien$^2$
*** Yale: shèng-syán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenqshyan
*** Palladius: шэнсянь (šɛnsjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^3$ jin$^4$
*** Yale: sing yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^3$ jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^3$ yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ³³ jiːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳn-hièn
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin hien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^4$ hian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn⁵⁵ hi̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳn-hiàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin hian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^4$ hian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn⁵⁵ hi̯an¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sèng-hiân
*** Tâi-lô: sìng-hiân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: seanghieen
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ hiɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hiɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ hiɛn¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sian$^3$ hiang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siàⁿ hiâng
*** Sinological IPA : /sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hiaŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: syengH hen
Rime :
| Character | 聖 | 賢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 式正切 | 胡田切 |
| Baxter | syengH | hen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕiᴇŋ$^H$/ | /ɦen/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiɛŋ$^H$/ | /ɦen/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕiæŋ$^H$/ | /ɣɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕiajŋ$^H$/ | /ɦɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiɛŋ$^H$/ | /ɣen/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭɛŋ$^H$/ | /ɣien/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɕi̯ɛŋ$^H$/ | /ɣien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shèng | xián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sing$^3$ | jin$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥eŋ-s [g]ˤi[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljeŋs ɡiːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 聖 | 賢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shèng | xián |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syeng$^H$ › | ‹ hen › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥eŋ-s/ | /*[g]ˁi[n]/ |
| English | sage (n.) | worthy |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 聖 | 賢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11391 | 1337 |
| Phonetic component | 聖 | 臣 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 聖 | 賢 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljeŋs/ | /*ɡiːn/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象人張耳對口會耳聰意， 非呈聲 | |

### Noun

聖賢
* (literary) sage; saint

#### Derived terms

* 人非聖賢，孰能無過／人非圣贤，孰能无过 (rén fēi shèngxián, shú néng wúguò)
* 人非聖賢，誰能無過／人非圣贤，谁能无过 (rén fēi shèngxián, shéi néng wúguò)
* 聖賢孔子鳥／圣贤孔子鸟 (shèngxián kǒngzǐniǎo)
* 聖賢爺／圣贤爷
* 酒喻聖賢／酒喻圣贤

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 聖賢(せいけん) (seiken)
* → Korean: 성현(聖賢) (seonghyeon)
* → Vietnamese: thánh hiền (聖賢)