# phawula
## Xhosa
### Verb

-phawula$^?$
* (transitive) to mark

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Verb

-phawula$^?$
* (intransitive) to comment
* (transitive) to notice
* (transitive) to brand, to mark

#### Inflection

Tone unknown :
| Infinitive | ukuphawula |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuphawula | ukungaphawuli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | phawula | -phawule |
| Plural | phawulani | -phawuleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaphawula, ngiphawula | engiphawulayo, engiphawula | ngiphawula | angiphawuli | engingaphawuli | ngingaphawuli |
| 2nd singular | uyaphawula, uphawula | ophawulayo, ophawula | uphawula | awuphawuli | ongaphawuli | ungaphawuli |
| 1st plural | siyaphawula, siphawula | esiphawulayo, esiphawula | siphawula | asiphawuli | esingaphawuli | singaphawuli |
| 2nd plural | niyaphawula, niphawula | eniphawulayo, eniphawula | niphawula | aniphawuli | eningaphawuli | ningaphawuli |
| Class 1 | uyaphawula, uphawula | ophawulayo, ophawula | ephawula | akaphawuli | ongaphawuli | engaphawuli |
| Class 2 | bayaphawula, baphawula | abaphawulayo, abaphawula | bephawula | abaphawuli | abangaphawuli | bengaphawuli |
| Class 3 | uyaphawula, uphawula | ophawulayo, ophawula | uphawula | awuphawuli | ongaphawuli | ungaphawuli |
| Class 4 | iyaphawula, iphawula | ephawulayo, ephawula | iphawula | ayiphawuli | engaphawuli | ingaphawuli |
| Class 5 | liyaphawula, liphawula | eliphawulayo, eliphawula | liphawula | aliphawuli | elingaphawuli | lingaphawuli |
| Class 6 | ayaphawula, aphawula | aphawulayo, aphawula | ephawula | awaphawuli | angaphawuli | engaphawuli |
| Class 7 | siyaphawula, siphawula | esiphawulayo, esiphawula | siphawula | asiphawuli | esingaphawuli | singaphawuli |
| Class 8 | ziyaphawula, ziphawula | eziphawulayo, eziphawula | ziphawula | aziphawuli | ezingaphawuli | zingaphawuli |
| Class 9 | iyaphawula, iphawula | ephawulayo, ephawula | iphawula | ayiphawuli | engaphawuli | ingaphawuli |
| Class 10 | ziyaphawula, ziphawula | eziphawulayo, eziphawula | ziphawula | aziphawuli | ezingaphawuli | zingaphawuli |
| Class 11 | luyaphawula, luphawula | oluphawulayo, oluphawula | luphawula | aluphawuli | olungaphawuli | lungaphawuli |
| Class 14 | buyaphawula, buphawula | obuphawulayo, obuphawula | buphawula | abuphawuli | obungaphawuli | bungaphawuli |
| Class 15 | kuyaphawula, kuphawula | okuphawulayo, okuphawula | kuphawula | akuphawuli | okungaphawuli | kungaphawuli |
| Class 17 | kuyaphawula, kuphawula | okuphawulayo, okuphawula | kuphawula | akuphawuli | okungaphawuli | kungaphawuli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiphawulile, ngiphawulē | engiphawulile, engiphawulē | ngiphawulile, ngiphawulē | angiphawulanga | engingaphawulanga | ngingaphawulanga |
| 2nd singular | uphawulile, uphawulē | ophawulile, ophawulē | uphawulile, uphawulē | awuphawulanga | ongaphawulanga | ungaphawulanga |
| 1st plural | siphawulile, siphawulē | esiphawulile, esiphawulē | siphawulile, siphawulē | asiphawulanga | esingaphawulanga | singaphawulanga |
| 2nd plural | niphawulile, niphawulē | eniphawulile, eniphawulē | niphawulile, niphawulē | aniphawulanga | eningaphawulanga | ningaphawulanga |
| Class 1 | uphawulile, uphawulē | ophawulile, ophawulē | ephawulile, ephawulē | akaphawulanga | ongaphawulanga | engaphawulanga |
| Class 2 | baphawulile, baphawulē | abaphawulile, abaphawulē | bephawulile, bephawulē | abaphawulanga | abangaphawulanga | bengaphawulanga |
| Class 3 | uphawulile, uphawulē | ophawulile, ophawulē | uphawulile, uphawulē | awuphawulanga | ongaphawulanga | ungaphawulanga |
| Class 4 | iphawulile, iphawulē | ephawulile, ephawulē | iphawulile, iphawulē | ayiphawulanga | engaphawulanga | ingaphawulanga |
| Class 5 | liphawulile, liphawulē | eliphawulile, eliphawulē | liphawulile, liphawulē | aliphawulanga | elingaphawulanga | lingaphawulanga |
| Class 6 | aphawulile, aphawulē | aphawulile, aphawulē | ephawulile, ephawulē | awaphawulanga | angaphawulanga | engaphawulanga |
| Class 7 | siphawulile, siphawulē | esiphawulile, esiphawulē | siphawulile, siphawulē | asiphawulanga | esingaphawulanga | singaphawulanga |
| Class 8 | ziphawulile, ziphawulē | eziphawulile, eziphawulē | ziphawulile, ziphawulē | aziphawulanga | ezingaphawulanga | zingaphawulanga |
| Class 9 | iphawulile, iphawulē | ephawulile, ephawulē | iphawulile, iphawulē | ayiphawulanga | engaphawulanga | ingaphawulanga |
| Class 10 | ziphawulile, ziphawulē | eziphawulile, eziphawulē | ziphawulile, ziphawulē | aziphawulanga | ezingaphawulanga | zingaphawulanga |
| Class 11 | luphawulile, luphawulē | oluphawulile, oluphawulē | luphawulile, luphawulē | aluphawulanga | olungaphawulanga | lungaphawulanga |
| Class 14 | buphawulile, buphawulē | obuphawulile, obuphawulē | buphawulile, buphawulē | abuphawulanga | obungaphawulanga | bungaphawulanga |
| Class 15 | kuphawulile, kuphawulē | okuphawulile, okuphawulē | kuphawulile, kuphawulē | akuphawulanga | okungaphawulanga | kungaphawulanga |
| Class 17 | kuphawulile, kuphawulē | okuphawulile, okuphawulē | kuphawulile, kuphawulē | akuphawulanga | okungaphawulanga | kungaphawulanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāphawula | engāphawula | ngāphawula | angiphawulanga | engingaphawulanga | ngingaphawulanga |
| 2nd singular | wāphawula | owāphawula | wāphawula | awuphawulanga | ongaphawulanga | ungaphawulanga |
| 1st plural | sāphawula | esāphawula | sāphawula | asiphawulanga | esingaphawulanga | singaphawulanga |
| 2nd plural | nāphawula | enāphawula | nāphawula | aniphawulanga | eningaphawulanga | ningaphawulanga |
| Class 1 | wāphawula | owāphawula | āphawula | akaphawulanga | ongaphawulanga | engaphawulanga |
| Class 2 | bāphawula | abāphawula | bāphawula | abaphawulanga | abangaphawulanga | bengaphawulanga |
| Class 3 | wāphawula | owāphawula | wāphawula | awuphawulanga | ongaphawulanga | ungaphawulanga |
| Class 4 | yāphawula | eyāphawula | yāphawula | ayiphawulanga | engaphawulanga | ingaphawulanga |
| Class 5 | lāphawula | elāphawula | lāphawula | aliphawulanga | elingaphawulanga | lingaphawulanga |
| Class 6 | āphawula | āphawula | āphawula | awaphawulanga | angaphawulanga | engaphawulanga |
| Class 7 | sāphawula | esāphawula | sāphawula | asiphawulanga | esingaphawulanga | singaphawulanga |
| Class 8 | zāphawula | ezāphawula | zāphawula | aziphawulanga | ezingaphawulanga | zingaphawulanga |
| Class 9 | yāphawula | eyāphawula | yāphawula | ayiphawulanga | engaphawulanga | ingaphawulanga |
| Class 10 | zāphawula | ezāphawula | zāphawula | aziphawulanga | ezingaphawulanga | zingaphawulanga |
| Class 11 | lwāphawula | olwāphawula | lwāphawula | aluphawulanga | olungaphawulanga | lungaphawulanga |
| Class 14 | bāphawula | obāphawula | bāphawula | abuphawulanga | obungaphawulanga | bungaphawulanga |
| Class 15 | kwāphawula | okwāphawula | kwāphawula | akuphawulanga | okungaphawulanga | kungaphawulanga |
| Class 17 | kwāphawula | okwāphawula | kwāphawula | akuphawulanga | okungaphawulanga | kungaphawulanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaphawula | — | ngingaphawula | ngingephawule | — | ngingephawule |
| 2nd singular | ungaphawula | — | ungaphawula | ungephawule | — | ungephawule |
| 1st plural | singaphawula | — | singaphawula | singephawule | — | singephawule |
| 2nd plural | ningaphawula | — | ningaphawula | ningephawule | — | ningephawule |
| Class 1 | angaphawula | — | engaphawula | angephawule | — | engephawule |
| Class 2 | bangaphawula | — | bengaphawula | bangephawule | — | bengephawule |
| Class 3 | ungaphawula | — | ungaphawula | ungephawule | — | ungephawule |
| Class 4 | ingaphawula | — | ingaphawula | ingephawule | — | ingephawule |
| Class 5 | lingaphawula | — | lingaphawula | lingephawule | — | lingephawule |
| Class 6 | angaphawula | — | engaphawula | angephawule | — | engephawule |
| Class 7 | singaphawula | — | singaphawula | singephawule | — | singephawule |
| Class 8 | zingaphawula | — | zingaphawula | zingephawule | — | zingephawule |
| Class 9 | ingaphawula | — | ingaphawula | ingephawule | — | ingephawule |
| Class 10 | zingaphawula | — | zingaphawula | zingephawule | — | zingephawule |
| Class 11 | lungaphawula | — | lungaphawula | lungephawule | — | lungephawule |
| Class 14 | bungaphawula | — | bungaphawula | bungephawule | — | bungephawule |
| Class 15 | kungaphawula | — | kungaphawula | kungephawule | — | kungephawule |
| Class 17 | kungaphawula | — | kungaphawula | kungephawule | — | kungephawule |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizophawula | engizophawula | ngizophawula | angizuphawula | engingezuphawula | ngingezuphawula |
| 2nd singular | uzophawula | ozophawula | uzophawula | awuzuphawula | ongezuphawula | ungezuphawula |
| 1st plural | sizophawula | esizophawula | sizophawula | asizuphawula | esingezuphawula | singezuphawula |
| 2nd plural | nizophawula | enizophawula | nizophawula | anizuphawula | eningezuphawula | ningezuphawula |
| Class 1 | uzophawula | ozophawula | ezophawula | akazuphawula | ongezuphawula | engezuphawula |
| Class 2 | bazophawula | abazophawula | bezophawula | abazuphawula | abangezuphawula | bengezuphawula |
| Class 3 | uzophawula | ozophawula | uzophawula | awuzuphawula | ongezuphawula | ungezuphawula |
| Class 4 | izophawula | ezophawula | izophawula | ayizuphawula | engezuphawula | ingezuphawula |
| Class 5 | lizophawula | elizophawula | lizophawula | alizuphawula | elingezuphawula | lingezuphawula |
| Class 6 | azophawula | azophawula | ezophawula | awazuphawula | angezuphawula | engezuphawula |
| Class 7 | sizophawula | esizophawula | sizophawula | asizuphawula | esingezuphawula | singezuphawula |
| Class 8 | zizophawula | ezizophawula | zizophawula | azizuphawula | ezingezuphawula | zingezuphawula |
| Class 9 | izophawula | ezophawula | izophawula | ayizuphawula | engezuphawula | ingezuphawula |
| Class 10 | zizophawula | ezizophawula | zizophawula | azizuphawula | ezingezuphawula | zingezuphawula |
| Class 11 | luzophawula | oluzophawula | luzophawula | aluzuphawula | olungezuphawula | lungezuphawula |
| Class 14 | buzophawula | obuzophawula | buzophawula | abuzuphawula | obungezuphawula | bungezuphawula |
| Class 15 | kuzophawula | okuzophawula | kuzophawula | akuzuphawula | okungezuphawula | kungezuphawula |
| Class 17 | kuzophawula | okuzophawula | kuzophawula | akuzuphawula | okungezuphawula | kungezuphawula |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyophawula | engiyophawula | ngiyophawula | angiyuphawula | engingeyuphawula | ngingeyuphawula |
| 2nd singular | uyophawula | oyophawula | uyophawula | awuyuphawula | ongeyuphawula | ungeyuphawula |
| 1st plural | siyophawula | esiyophawula | siyophawula | asiyuphawula | esingeyuphawula | singeyuphawula |
| 2nd plural | niyophawula | eniyophawula | niyophawula | aniyuphawula | eningeyuphawula | ningeyuphawula |
| Class 1 | uyophawula | oyophawula | eyophawula | akayuphawula | ongeyuphawula | engeyuphawula |
| Class 2 | bayophawula | abayophawula | beyophawula | abayuphawula | abangeyuphawula | bengeyuphawula |
| Class 3 | uyophawula | oyophawula | uyophawula | awuyuphawula | ongeyuphawula | ungeyuphawula |
| Class 4 | iyophawula | eyophawula | iyophawula | ayiyuphawula | engeyuphawula | ingeyuphawula |
| Class 5 | liyophawula | eliyophawula | liyophawula | aliyuphawula | elingeyuphawula | lingeyuphawula |
| Class 6 | ayophawula | ayophawula | eyophawula | awayuphawula | angeyuphawula | engeyuphawula |
| Class 7 | siyophawula | esiyophawula | siyophawula | asiyuphawula | esingeyuphawula | singeyuphawula |
| Class 8 | ziyophawula | eziyophawula | ziyophawula | aziyuphawula | ezingeyuphawula | zingeyuphawula |
| Class 9 | iyophawula | eyophawula | iyophawula | ayiyuphawula | engeyuphawula | ingeyuphawula |
| Class 10 | ziyophawula | eziyophawula | ziyophawula | aziyuphawula | ezingeyuphawula | zingeyuphawula |
| Class 11 | luyophawula | oluyophawula | luyophawula | aluyuphawula | olungeyuphawula | lungeyuphawula |
| Class 14 | buyophawula | obuyophawula | buyophawula | abuyuphawula | obungeyuphawula | bungeyuphawula |
| Class 15 | kuyophawula | okuyophawula | kuyophawula | akuyuphawula | okungeyuphawula | kungeyuphawula |
| Class 17 | kuyophawula | okuyophawula | kuyophawula | akuyuphawula | okungeyuphawula | kungeyuphawula |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiphawule | ngingaphawuli |
| 2nd singular | uphawule | ungaphawuli |
| 1st plural | siphawule | singaphawuli |
| 2nd plural | niphawule | ningaphawuli |
| Class 1 | aphawule | angaphawuli |
| Class 2 | baphawule | bangaphawuli |
| Class 3 | uphawule | ungaphawuli |
| Class 4 | iphawule | ingaphawuli |
| Class 5 | liphawule | lingaphawuli |
| Class 6 | aphawule | angaphawuli |
| Class 7 | siphawule | singaphawuli |
| Class 8 | ziphawule | zingaphawuli |
| Class 9 | iphawule | ingaphawuli |
| Class 10 | ziphawule | zingaphawuli |
| Class 11 | luphawule | lungaphawuli |
| Class 14 | buphawule | bungaphawuli |
| Class 15 | kuphawule | kungaphawuli |
| Class 17 | kuphawule | kungaphawuli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaphawula | ngangaphawula, angaphawula, angangaphawula |
| 2nd singular | waphawula | wangaphawula, awaphawula, awangaphawula |
| 1st plural | saphawula | sangaphawula, asaphawula, asangaphawula |
| 2nd plural | naphawula | nangaphawula, anaphawula, anangaphawula |
| Class 1 | waphawula | wangaphawula, akaphawula, akangaphawula |
| Class 2 | baphawula | bangaphawula, abaphawula, abangaphawula |
| Class 3 | waphawula | wangaphawula, awaphawula, awangaphawula |
| Class 4 | yaphawula | yangaphawula, ayaphawula, ayangaphawula |
| Class 5 | laphawula | langaphawula, alaphawula, alangaphawula |
| Class 6 | aphawula | angaphawula, awaphawula, awangaphawula |
| Class 7 | saphawula | sangaphawula, asaphawula, asangaphawula |
| Class 8 | zaphawula | zangaphawula, azaphawula, azangaphawula |
| Class 9 | yaphawula | yangaphawula, ayaphawula, ayangaphawula |
| Class 10 | zaphawula | zangaphawula, azaphawula, azangaphawula |
| Class 11 | lwaphawula | lwangaphawula, alwaphawula, alwangaphawula |
| Class 14 | baphawula | bangaphawula, abaphawula, abangaphawula |
| Class 15 | kwaphawula | kwangaphawula, akwaphawula, akwangaphawula |
| Class 17 | kwaphawula | kwangaphawula, akwaphawula, akwangaphawula |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “phawula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “phawula (3.2.9)”