# 鳴鳩
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): míngjiū
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄡ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ming$^4$ kau$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: míngjiū
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: míngjiou
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^2$-chiu$^1$
*** Yale: míng-jyōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mingjiou
*** Palladius: минцзю (minczju)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ming$^4$ kau$^1$
*** Yale: mìhng kāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ming$^4$ kau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ming$^4$ keo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɪŋ²¹ kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: mjaeng kjuw
Rime :
| Character | 鳴 | 鳩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 武兵切 | 居求切 |
| Baxter | mjaeng | kjuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠiæŋ/ | /kɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚiaŋ/ | /kiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miaŋ/ | /kiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /miajŋ/ | /kuw/ |
| Li Rong | /miɐŋ/ | /kiu/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭɐŋ/ | /kĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯ɐŋ/ | /ki̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | míng | jiū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ming$^4$ | gau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m.reŋ [k](r)u/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mreŋ ku/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鳴 | 鳩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | míng | jiū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjæng › | ‹ kjuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*m.reŋ/ | /*[k](r)u/ |
| English | cry (of birds or animals) | (a kind of bird) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鳴 | 鳩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9216 | 6939 |
| Phonetic component | 鳴 | 九 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 明 | 鳩 |
| Old Chinese | /*mreŋ/ | /*ku/ |

### Noun

鳴鳩
* (Classical) turtledove
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Wǎn bǐ míngjiū, hànfēi lìtiān. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 鳴鳩, 鷽鳩, 斑鳩, 鶻鵃, 鶻嘲, 鶻鳩 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 斑鳩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 斑鳩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 斑鳩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 斑鳩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 斑鳩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 斑鳩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 斑鳩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 斑鳩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 斑鳩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 斑鳩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 斑鳩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 斑鳩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 斑鳩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 斑鳩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 斑鳩 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 斑鳩 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 斑鳩 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 斑鳩兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 山咕咕 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 斑鳩 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 斑鳩 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 斑鳩 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 斑鳩 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 斑鳩 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 斑鳩 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 斑腳 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 斑鳩 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 斑鳩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 斑鳩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 斑鳩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 斑鳩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 齊鳩鳩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 油鴣鸕, 呱呱雞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 斑鳩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 斑鳩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 斑鳩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 斑鳩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 斑鳩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 野旺, 斑斑, 咕咕等 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 咕咕等, 咕咕 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 斑斑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 斑雀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 斑鳩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 斑鳩 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 斑鳩, 斑雞 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 斑鳩 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 斑鳩, 臭咕咕 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 斑鳩, 咕咕等 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 斑鳩, 咕咕等 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 斑鳩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 斑鳩, 斑鳩鳥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 斑雞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 斑雞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 斑鳩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 斑鳩, 百咕鳥, 斑咕咕 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 斑雞, 鵓咕咕 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 斑鳩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 斑鳩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 斑鳩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 斑鳩, 鵓勾 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 斑鳩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 斑鳩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 斑鳩 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 斑鳩 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 斑鳩 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 斑鳩 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 斑鳩, 鳩兒 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 斑雞, 斑隹 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 斑鳩, 鵓鳩 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 斑鳩 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鵓鴣仔, 鵓鴣, 斑鳩仔, 斑鳩 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 斑鳩仔, 斑鳩, 鵓鴣 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 斑鴿 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 斑鳩仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鵓鴣仔, 鵓鴣, 斑鳩 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 斑鳩, 斑鴿, 鵓鴣 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鵓鴣仔, 鵓鴣, 斑鳩 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鵓鴣 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 步鳩 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 蒲鳩 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 丟丟錢兒, 咕咕鳩 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 咕咕鳩 |
| Jin | Datong | 斑鴿子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 咕咕鳩 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 斑鳩兒 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 斑鳩 |
| Jin | Linhe | 斑鴿子 |
| Jin | Jining | 斑鳩 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 斑鳩 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 斑鳩 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 斑鳩兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 咕咕鳩 |
| Jin | Handan | 斑鳩兒 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 斑鳩 |
| Jin | Suide | 斑鳩 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 山鵓鴿 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鵁隹 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鵁隹 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 鵁隹 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鵁隹 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 斑鴿 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 斑鴿 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 咕鴣 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 斑鳩 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 斑鳩 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 斑鳩 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 斑鳩 |
| Wu | Danyang | 斑鳩 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 斑鳩 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 斑鳩 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 斑鳩, 麒麟鳩 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 斑鳩 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 斑鳩子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 斑雞, 斑雞子 |