OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 良明
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 良 | 明 |
| よし Grade: 4 | あき Grade: 2 |

### Proper noun

良(よし)明(あき) • (Yoshiaki)
* a male given name
# 东方
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 东方 – see 東方 (“east; the East; the Orient; etc.”). (This term is the simplified form of 東方).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 莈

| 莈 | U+8388, &#33672; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8388 |
| ← 莇 [U+8387] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 莉 → [U+8389] |

## Translingual
### Han character

莈 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿水弓水 (TENE), four-corner 4434$_7$, composition ⿱艹没(G) or ⿱艹沒(HT))

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1033, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31031
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3225, character 2
* Unihan data for U+8388

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 沒 | *mɯːd |
| 歿 | *mɯːd |
| 莈 | *mɯːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːd) : phonetic 艹 (OC *sʰuːʔ, “grass; herb”) + semantic 沒.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mò (mo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mut$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mò
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mò
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^4$
*** Yale: mwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
*** Palladius: мо (mo)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mut$^6$
*** Yale: muht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mut$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /muːt̚²/
* Middle Chinese: mwot
Rime :
| Character | 莈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 沒 (56) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫勃切 |
| Baxter | mwot |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muət̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muot̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwət̚/ |
| Li Rong | /muət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /muət̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /muət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mut$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mɯːd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 莈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9237 |
| Phonetic component | 没 |
| Rime group | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 没 |
| Old Chinese | /*mɯːd/ |

### Definitions

莈
* A type of medicinal herb.
# 莉乃
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 莉 | 乃 |
| り Jinmeiyō | の Jinmeiyō |

### Proper noun

莉(り)乃(の) • (Rino)
* a female given name
# 艛

| 艛 | U+825B, &#33371; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-825B |
| ← 艚 [U+825A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 艜 → [U+825C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

艛 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 竹卜中中女 (HYLLV), four-corner 2544$_4$, composition ⿰舟婁)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1012, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30525
* Dae Jaweon: page 1470, character 40
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3066, character 18
* Unihan data for U+825B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 樓 | *ɡ·roː |
| 摟 | *roː, *ro |
| 耬 | *roː |
| 僂 | *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·roːs, *ɡ·roʔ |
| 婁 | *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro |
| 螻 | *roː |
| 髏 | *roː |
| 蔞 | *roː, *ro, *roʔ |
| 鞻 | *roː |
| 艛 | *ɡ·roː |
| 膢 | *roː, *ro |
| 廔 | *roː |
| 嘍 | *roː, *roːʔ |
| 瞜 | *roː, *ro |
| 簍 | *roː, *roːʔ, *roʔ |
| 慺 | *roː, *ro, *roʔ |
| 鷜 | *roː, *ro |
| 褸 | *roː, *roʔ |
| 遱 | *roː |
| 謱 | *roː, *roːʔ, *roʔ |
| 嶁 | *roːʔ, *roʔ |
| 甊 | *roːʔ |
| 塿 | *roːʔ |
| 漊 | *roːʔ, *roʔ |
| 鏤 | *roːs, *ro |
| 瘻 | *roːs, *ro |
| 擻 | *sloːʔ |
| 藪 | *sloːʔ |
| 籔 | *sloːʔ, *sroʔ |
| 氀 | *ro |
| 縷 | *roʔ |
| 屢 | *ros |
| 數 | *sroʔ, *sros, *sroːɡ |
| 屨 | *klos |
| 窶 | *ɡloʔ |
| 貗 | *ɡloʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lóu (lou$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lau$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lóu
*** Wade–Giles: lou$^2$
*** Yale: lóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lou
*** Palladius: лоу (lou)
*** Sinological IPA : /loʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lau$^4$
*** Yale: làuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: leo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐu̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: luw
Rime :
| Character | 艛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 落侯切 |
| Baxter | luw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ləu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ləu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ləu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ləw/ |
| Li Rong | /lu/ |
| Wang Li | /ləu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /lə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lóu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·roː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 艛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8462 |
| Phonetic component | 婁 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 樓 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·roː/ |

### Definitions

艛
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
# 乍ら
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 乍
* なが Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 乍ら – see the following entry. :
| 【ながら】 | [particle] while, during, while doing (verb) [particle] though, notwithstanding [particle] both (doing verb) |
(This term, 乍ら, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# 乍得
## Chinese

* 乍得

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Zhàdé
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˋ ㄉㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa$^3$ dak$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Chā-tiak / Chā-tek / Chēe-tek
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Zhàdé
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˋ ㄉㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Jhàdé
*** Wade–Giles: Cha$^4$-tê$^2$
*** Yale: Jà-dé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jahder
*** Palladius: Чжадэ (Čžadɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaa$^3$ dak$^1$
*** Yale: ja dāk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa$^3$ dak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: za$^3$ deg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saː³³ tɐk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chā-tiak
*** Tâi-lô: Tsā-tiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zaxdiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sa⁴¹⁻²² tiak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chā-tek
*** Tâi-lô: Tsā-tik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zaxdeg
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sa²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chēe-tek
*** Tâi-lô: Tsēe-tik
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

### Proper noun

乍得
* (Mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore) Chad (a country in Central Africa)

#### Usage notes

This transliteration is not used for the English name Chad.

#### Synonyms

* (the country Chad): (Taiwan) 查德 (Chádé)
# 他鄕
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 他鄕 – see 他鄉 (“foreign land, away from one's native place”). (This term is a variant traditional form of 他鄉).
# 蒸气
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 蒸气 – see 蒸氣 (“vapor”). (This term is the simplified form of 蒸氣).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 蒸気船
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 蒸 | 気 | 船 |
| じょう Grade: 6 | き Grade: 1 | せん Grade: 2 |
| kan'yōon | kan'on | kan'on |
* Alternative spellings
* 蒸氣船 (kyūjitai) 蒸汽船

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じょーきせん [jòókíséń] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) じょーきせん [jòókíꜜsèǹ] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [d͡ʑo̞ːkʲi̥sẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

蒸(じょう)気(き)船(せん) • (jōkisen)
* steamship

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 二七
## Chinese

* 二七區 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 二七區 (Cantonese)
* Jī-chhek-khu (Southern Min)

### Etymology

Named after 二七大罷工 (Èr-Qī Dàbàgōng), a major general strike orchestrated by Beijing–Hankou Railway Federation of Trade Unions that ended up in bloody suppression.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Èrqī
    (Zhuyin): ㄦˋ ㄑㄧ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Èrqī
*** Zhuyin: ㄦˋ ㄑㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Èrci
*** Wade–Giles: Êrh$^4$-chʻi$^1$
*** Yale: Èr-chī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ellchi
*** Palladius: Эрци (Erci)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤɻ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

二七
* (～區) Erqi (a district of Zhengzhou, Henan, China)
# 色林错
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 色林错 – see 色林錯 (“Siling Lake”). (This term is the simplified form of 色林錯).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 低吟
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dīyín
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧ ㄧㄣˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dīyín
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧ ㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diyín
*** Wade–Giles: ti$^1$-yin$^2$
*** Yale: dī-yín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diyn
*** Palladius: диинь (diinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti⁵⁵ in³⁵/

### Verb

低吟
* to chant softly

#### Synonyms

* 吟唱 (yínchàng)
* 吟詠／吟咏 (yínyǒng)
* 吟誦／吟诵 (yínsòng)
* 呻吟 (shēnyín) (literary)
* 哦 (é) (literary)
* 唱誦／唱诵 (chàngsòng)
* 嘆／叹 (tàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 詠嘆／咏叹 (yǒngtàn)
* 誦讀／诵读 (sòngdú)

#### Antonyms

* 高歌 (gāogē)
# 下丘腦
## Chinese

* 下丘腦

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiàqiūnǎo
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄑㄧㄡ ㄋㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haa$^6$ jau$^1$ nou$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàqiūnǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄑㄧㄡ ㄋㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàciounǎo
*** Wade–Giles: hsia$^4$-chʻiu$^1$-nao$^3$
*** Yale: syà-chyōu-nǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiahchiounao
*** Palladius: сяцюнао (sjacjunao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haa$^6$ jau$^1$ nou$^5$
*** Yale: hah yāu nóuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haa$^6$ jau$^1$ nou$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ha$^6$ yeo$^1$ nou$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /haː²² jɐu̯⁵⁵ nou̯¹³/

### Noun

下丘腦
* hypothalamus

#### Synonyms

* 下視丘／下视丘 (xiàshìqiū)
# 二性子
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): èrxìngzi
    (Zhuyin): ㄦˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ˙ㄗ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ji$^6$ sing$^3$ zi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: èrxìngzi
*** Zhuyin: ㄦˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ˙ㄗ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: èrsìngzi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: êrh$^4$-hsing$^4$-tzŭ$^5$
*** Yale: èr-syìng-dz
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ellshinq.tzy
*** Palladius: эрсинцзы (ersinczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^6$ sing$^3$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: yih sing jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^6$ sing$^3$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^6$ xing$^3$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː²² sɪŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/

### Noun

二性子
* hermaphrodite

#### Synonyms

* 二尾子 (èryǐzi) (regional, derogatory)
* 兩性人／两性人 (liǎngxìngrén)
* 半公嫲 (Hakka)
* 半陰／半阴 (Min Nan)
* 半陰陽／半阴阳 (Hokkien)
* 半陰陽仔／半阴阳仔 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 間性人／间性人 (jiānxìngrén)
* 阿倌 (Min Nan)
* 陰陽人／阴阳人 (yīnyángrén)
* 雙性人／双性人 (shuāngxìngrén)
# 俾天收
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 俾天收 – see 畀天收 (“to be punished by Heaven; to receive divine punishment”). (This term is a variant form of 畀天收).
# 蕭規曹隨
## Chinese

| | | mournful | compass; rule | a company; a class; a generationa company; a class; a generation; surname | to follow; to comply with; to allowto follow; to comply with; to allow; surname |
| trad. (蕭規曹隨) | trad. (蕭規曹隨) | 蕭 | 規 | 曹 | 隨 |
| simp. (萧规曹随) | simp. (萧规曹随) | 萧 | 规 | 曹 | 随 |
| Literally: “Xiao's governance followed by Cao”. ||||||

### Etymology

Xiao and Cao refer to Xiao He and Cao Shen, who are government officials of early Western Han dynasty. When Cao succeeded Xiao's position of grand chancellor, he adhered to Xiao's policies without amendments. First attested in Wen Xuan during Liang dynasty.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiāoguīcáosuí
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄘㄠˊ ㄙㄨㄟˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): siu$^1$ kwai$^1$ cou$^4$ ceoi$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāoguīcáosuí
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄘㄠˊ ㄙㄨㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siaogueicáosuéi
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^1$-kuei$^1$-tsʻao$^2$-sui$^2$
*** Yale: syāu-gwēi-tsáu-swéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiaugueitsaurswei
*** Palladius: сяогуйцаосуй (sjaogujcaosuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵ su̯eɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^1$ kwai$^1$ cou$^4$ ceoi$^4$
*** Yale: sīu kwāi chòuh chèuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^1$ kwai$^1$ tsou$^4$ tsoey$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^1$ kuei$^1$ cou$^4$ cêu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯⁵⁵ kʷʰɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯²¹ t͡sʰɵy̯²¹/

### Idiom

蕭規曹隨
* to strictly adhere to the policies of the predecessor, to follow precedent

### References

* ↑ “蕭規曹隨”, in Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary, 2022 April 23 (last accessed)
# 蕭關
## Chinese

* 蕭關

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Xiāoguān
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ ㄍㄨㄢ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Xiāoguān
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ ㄍㄨㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Siaoguan
*** Wade–Giles: Hsiao$^1$-kuan$^1$
*** Yale: Syāu-gwān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shiauguan
*** Palladius: Сяогуань (Sjaoguanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: sew kwaen
Rime :
| Character | 蕭 | 關 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 蕭 (93) | 刪 (70) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV | II |
| Fanqie | 蘇彫切 | 古還切 |
| Baxter | sew | kwaen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /seu/ | /kˠuan/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /seu/ | /kʷᵚan/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /seu/ | /kuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɛw/ | /kwaɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /seu/ | /kuan/ |
| Wang Li | /sieu/ | /kwan/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /sieu/ | /kwan/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiāo | guān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | siu$^1$ | gwaan$^1$ |

### Proper noun

蕭關
* (historical) Xiao Pass (a strategic pass located in the southeast of modern-day Guyuan, Ningxia)
    From: 9th–10th century, 司空圖 (Sikong Tu), 河湟有感
    Yīzì Xiāoguān qǐ zhànchén, Héhuáng géduàn yìxiāng chūn. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
# 蕭邦
## Chinese
### Etymology

Borrowed from French Chopin.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Xiāobāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ ㄅㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): siu$^1$ bong$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Siau-pang
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Xiāobāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ ㄅㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Siaobang
*** Wade–Giles: Hsiao$^1$-pang$^1$
*** Yale: Syāu-bāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shiaubang
*** Palladius: Сяобан (Sjaoban)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$肖邦 蕭邦／萧邦
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^1$ bong$^1$
*** Yale: sīu bōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^1$ bong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^1$ bong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯⁵⁵ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siau-pang
*** Tâi-lô: Siau-pang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siau'pafng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siau⁴⁴⁻²² paŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siau³³ paŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siau⁴⁴⁻²² paŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ paŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ paŋ⁴⁴/

### Proper noun

蕭邦
* (chiefly Taiwan, Hong Kong) Chopin

#### Synonyms

* (Mainland China) 肖邦 (Xiāobāng)
# 蕭蕭
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiāoxiāo
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ ㄒㄧㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): siu$^1$ siu$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāoxiāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ ㄒㄧㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siaosiao
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^1$-hsiao$^1$
*** Yale: syāu-syāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiaushiau
*** Palladius: сяосяо (sjaosjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^1$ siu$^1$
*** Yale: sīu sīu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^1$ siu$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^1$ xiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯⁵⁵ siːu̯⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: sew sew
Rime :
| Character | 蕭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 蕭 (93) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 蘇彫切 |
| Baxter | sew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /seu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /seu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /seu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɛw/ |
| Li Rong | /seu/ |
| Wang Li | /sieu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /sieu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | siu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sˤiw sˤiw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sɯːw sɯːw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蕭 | 蕭 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiāo | xiāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sew › | ‹ sew › |
| Old Chinese | /*sˁiw/ | /*sˁiw/ |
| English | Artemisia | 蕭蕭 neighing of horses |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蕭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12114 |
| Phonetic component | 肅 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蕭 |
| Old Chinese | /*sɯːw/ |

### Verb

蕭蕭
* (literary, onomatopoeia) to neigh
    From: 杜甫 (Du Fu) (712-770), 《兵車行》 (The Army Wagons: A Ballad); translated by Stephen Owen
    Chē línlín, mǎ xiāoxiāo, xíngrén gōngjiàn gè zài yāo. [Pinyin]
    Wagons rattling, horses neighing, men walking, each with bow and arrows at the waist.
* (literary, onomatopoeia, of winds blowing in a desolate place, or of such a place itself) to make bleak sounds; to be bleak with wind
    From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
    Fēng xiāoxiāo xī Yìshuǐ hán, zhuàngshì yī qù xī bù fù huán! [Pinyin]
    The winds are bleak and the waters of the Yi are cold; once a brave man leaves, he never comes back!
* (literary, onomatopoeia) the sound of falling leaves
    From: c. 767, Du Fu (杜甫), 《登高》.
    Wúbiān luòmù xiāoxiāo xià, bùjìn Chángjiāng gǔngǔn lái. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Adjective

蕭蕭
* (literary) sparse; thinly spread; few and scattered; few and far between
# 俗话说
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 俗话说 – see 俗話說 (“as the saying goes”). (This term is the simplified form of 俗話說).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 俗麭
## Chinese

* Siok-pháng (Southern Min)

### Etymology

Phono-semantic matching from Japanese 食(しょく)パン (shokupan).

### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sio̍k-pháng / se̍k-pháng / siok-pháng
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Wuqi, Hsinchu, Lukang, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍k-pháng
*** Tâi-lô: sio̍k-pháng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siogpharng
*** IPA (Tainan): /siɔk̚⁴⁻¹ pʰaŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɔk̚⁴⁻³² pʰaŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔk̚⁴⁻³² pʰaŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Lukang): /siɔk̚³⁵⁻² pʰaŋ⁵⁵/
** (Hokkien: Yilan, Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k-pháng
*** Tâi-lô: si̍k-pháng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: segpharng
*** IPA (Tainan): /siɪk̚⁴⁻¹ pʰaŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Yilan): /siɪk̚⁵⁻² pʰaŋ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siok-pháng
*** Tâi-lô: siok-pháng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siokpharng
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pʰaŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pʰaŋ⁴¹/

### Noun

俗麭
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) sliced bread; loaf (Classifier: 條／条 mn)
    From: 黃文俊, 阮兜的早頓
    Góa tha̍k iù-tī-hn̂g ê sî, ta̍k-kang thàu-chá a-bú tō kā chá-tǹg chhoân hó-sè, ū sî-chūn sī gû-leng phòe sio̍k-pháng, nā-bô tō-sī tāu-leng phòe bán-thô ia̍h-sī pau-á. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    When I was in kindergarten, everyday early in the morning, Mom would prepare breakfast. Sometimes it's milk with sliced bread; if not, then it's soy milk with mantou or baozi.
    From: 第二十屆副隊長張邦彥回憶往事
    pn̄g kèng-jiân sī sûi-chāi--lí thui, jî-chhiáⁿ chá-khí-tǹg koh ū sio̍k-pháng, gû-leng, hit-tong-sî thiaⁿ liáu si̍t-chāi sī chiâⁿ hoaⁿ-hí [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Suprisingly, you can eat as much rice as you want, plus they also have sliced bread and milk for breakfast. When I heard this, I was really happy.
    From: 王秀容, 俗麭
    Chit-má pòaⁿ tiâu sio̍k-pháng ài khai gō͘-cha̍p kho͘ chiah ē-tio̍h, thàn chi̍t chiat khò mā tú-hó kā hit nn̄g tiâu sio̍k-pháng phah-ti̍t. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Nowadays, half a loaf of bread costs fifty dollars, and a lesson's salary is just enough to cover the cost of two loaves of bread.

#### Synonyms

* 吐司 (tǔsī)
* (Hakka) 削胖

### Further reading

* “Entry #14166”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
# 仿造词
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 仿造词 – see 仿造詞 (“loan translation; calque”). (This term is the simplified form of 仿造詞).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 仿造詞
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fǎngzàocí
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˇ ㄗㄠˋ ㄘˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǎngzàocí
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˇ ㄗㄠˋ ㄘˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǎngzàocíh
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^3$-tsao$^4$-tzʻŭ$^2$
*** Yale: fǎng-dzàu-tsź
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faangtzawtsyr
*** Palladius: фанцзаоцы (fanczaocy)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

### Noun

仿造詞
* (linguistics, translation studies) loan translation; calque

#### Synonyms

* 借譯／借译 (jièyì)
# 不依
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bùyī
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄧ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bùyī
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bùyi
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^4$-i$^1$
*** Yale: bù-yī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bui
*** Palladius: буи (bui)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵¹ i⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$不一 不依 布依 布衣

### Verb

不依
* to not comply with; to not follow; to not obey or submit
* to not let someone off easily; to not let someone get away with something
# 倒賣
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dǎomài
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄠˇ ㄇㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dou$^2$ maai$^6$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): do$^2$ bhoi$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dǎomài
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˇ ㄇㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dǎomài
*** Wade–Giles: tao$^3$-mai$^4$
*** Yale: dǎu-mài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daomay
*** Palladius: даомай (daomaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ maɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dou$^2$ maai$^6$
*** Yale: dóu maaih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dou$^2$ maai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dou$^2$ mai$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tou̯³⁵ maːi̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: do$^2$ bhoi$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tó bōi
*** Sinological IPA : /to⁵²⁻³⁵ boi¹¹/

### Verb

倒賣
* to resell at a profit

#### Synonyms

* (Shanghainese) 買進賣出／买进卖出
# 人马座
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 人马座 – see 人馬座 (“Sagittarius”). (This term is the simplified form of 人馬座).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 蝟縮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wèisuō
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ ㄙㄨㄛ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wai$^6$ suk$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèisuō
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄙㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wèisuo
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^4$-so$^1$
*** Yale: wèi-swō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weysuo
*** Palladius: вэйсо (vɛjso)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹ su̯ɔ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$畏縮／畏缩 蝟縮／猬缩
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^6$ suk$^1$
*** Yale: waih sūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^6$ suk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^6$ sug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯²² sʊk̚⁵/

### Verb

蝟縮
* to cower; to flinch (like a hedgehog)

#### Synonyms

* 畏縮／畏缩 (wèisuō)