# ὅσος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ὅσσος (hóssos) — Epic

### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *hótsos, from earlier *yótyos, from Proto-Indo-European *yoti, adverb from *yós, whence ὅς (hós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hó.sos/ → /ˈo.sos/ → /ˈo.sos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hó.sos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)o.sos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈo.sos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈo.sos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈo.sos/

### Adjective

ὅσος • (hósos)
* (relative adjective) often as anaphor to τόσος, or πᾶς, ἅπας as much as, how much
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.670
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.169
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 286
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, First Philippic 35
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.190
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.723
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.115
** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 976
** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1464
** 391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 174
** 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 44
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.86
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.113
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.371
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.45
** 500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Collected Works 1.1
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.658
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 118
** 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 1278
** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 2
** 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 309
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.630
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.236
** 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 68B
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 11.12
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 6.1.10
** (in plural the noun may be in nominative or partitive genitive)
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.13
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.267
*** 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 441
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.55
*** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 467D
** (in Attic, of time)
** (with τις)
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.45
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.193
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.102
** (with accusative absolute)
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.170
*** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 423B
** (with adjectives expressing quantity)
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.194
*** 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 750
*** 390 BCE, Plato, Hippias Major 282C
*** 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Halcyon 5
*** 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Rhetoric 1.3.91
*** 1 CE – 100 CE, Lucius Annaeus Cornutus, De Natura Deorum 9
*** 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Alexander the False Prophet 1
*** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 350D
*** 213 CE – 273 CE, Cassius Longinus, Collected Works 1.1
*** 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 150D
*** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laches 184C
*** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 588A
*** 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 1.45
** (with superlative)
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.44
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.21
*** 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 727
*** 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 1.42
*** 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 2.589
** (with infinitive) so much as is enough for
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.2
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.1.5
*** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1191
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.49
*** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 416E
* (for ὅτι τοσοῦτος)
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.75
** 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 74
* (followed by particles)
** (ὅσος ἄν) how ever great
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.66
** (ὅσος δή) how great, how ever many
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 15.487
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.52
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.160
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.151
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.157
*** 350 BCE – 250 BCE, Euclid, Elements 9.9
*** 331 CE – 363 CE, Julian, Orations 3.119A
*** 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 2.45
*** 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 4.60
** (ὁσοσοῦν) ever so small
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.199
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1265A.41
** (ὅσοσπερ) even so great as, no greater than
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.50
*** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 475
*** 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 423
*** 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 441
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.87
*** 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 806
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.113
* (ὅσῳ, ὅσῳ περ, often with comparative) by how much
** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 40
** 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, Fragments 488.3
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.3.14
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.82
** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 59
** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1050
** (with comparative, when followed by another comparative with τοσούτῳ) the more.., so much the more..
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.5.80
*** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 368B
*** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1419
*** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 792
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.84
*** 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Olive Stump 39
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.137
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.49
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.13
*** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 313
*** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 743
** (ἐν ὅσῳ) while
*** 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 943
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.87

#### Descendants

* Greek: όσος (ósos)

#### See also

| type | interrogative | indefinite | (medial) demonstrative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | relative | indefinite relative | identity | other |
| basic | τίς | τις, ἔνιοι | †ὁ, οὗτος | ὅδε | ἐκεῖνος | ὅς | ὅστις | ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός | ἕτερος, ἄλλος |
| dual | πότερος | πότερος, ποτερός | | | | ὁπότερος | ὁπότερος | | |
| quality | ποῖος | ποιός | †τοῖος, τοιοῦτος | τοιόσδε | | οἷος | ὁποῖος | ὅμοιος | ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος |
| quantity | πόσος | ποσός | †τόσος, τοσοῦτος | τοσόσδε | | ὅσος | ὁπόσος | | |
| manner | πῶς | πως | †τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως | ὧδε | | ὡς | ὅπως | ὁμῶς | ἑτέρως, ἄλλως |
| method, path, place | πῇ | πῃ | τῇ, ταύτῃ | τῇδε | ἐκείνῃ | ᾗ | ὅπῃ | | ἄλλῃ |
| place | ποῦ, †πόθι | που, †ποθι | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνθάδε | ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι | οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι | ὅπου, †ὁπόθι | αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ | ἄλλοθι |
| source | πόθεν | ποθεν | †τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν | ἐνθένδε | ἐκεῖθεν | ὅθεν | ὁπόθεν | †ὁμόθεν | ἄλλοθεν |
| destination | ποῖ, †πόσε | ποι | ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα | ἐνθάδε, δεῦρο | ἐκεῖσε | οἷ | ὅποι, †ὁπόσε | αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε | ἄλλοσε |
| time | πότε, πῆμος | ποτέ, ποτε, τοτέ, ἐνίοτε | τότε, τῆμος | τημόσδε | | ὅτε, ἦμος | ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος | ἅμα | ἄλλοτε |
| exact time | πηνίκα | | †τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα | τηνικάδε | | ἡνίκα | ὁπηνίκα | αὐτίκα | |
| duration of time | | | τέως | | | ἕως | | | |
| size, age | πηλίκος | πηλίκος | †τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος | τηλικόσδε | | ἡλίκος | ὁπηλίκος | ὁμῆλιξ | |
| repetition | ποσάκις, ποσίνδα | ποσάκις | τουτάκις, τοσάκις | | | †ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις | ὁποσάκις | | |
| multiplication | ποσαπλάσιος | | | | | ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων | | | |
| order | πόστος | ποστός | | | | | ὁπόστος | | |
| † Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions. ||||||||||

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὅσος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1118

### Further reading

* “ὅσος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ὅσος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ὅσος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ὅσος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ὅσος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “ὅσος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G3745 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. big idem, page 78.great idem, page 372.how idem, page 408.large idem, page 476.much idem, page 545.
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN