# 冬天
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dōngtiān
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥ ㄊㄧㄢ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дунтян (dunti͡an, I-II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dung$^1$ tin$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'dung$^1$ tien$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tûng-thiên
    (Meixian, Guangdong): dung$^1$ tiên$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): dung$^1$ tie$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tang-thiⁿ / tong-thian
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dang$^1$ tin$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ton-thi
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dong$^1$ tienn$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dōngtiān → dōngtian (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄊㄧㄢ → ㄉㄨㄥ ˙ㄊㄧㄢ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dongtiån
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^1$-tʻien$^5$
*** Yale: dūng-tyan
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dong.tian
*** Palladius: дунтянь (duntjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/ → /tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn²/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dōngtiānr
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄊㄧㄢㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dongtianr
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^1$-tʻien$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: dūng-tyānr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongtial
*** Palladius: дунтяньр (duntjanʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дунтян (dunti͡an, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /tuŋ²⁴ tʰiæ̃⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dung$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Yale: dūng tīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dung$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dung$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'dung$^1$ tien$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈtuŋ⁴² tʰiɛn⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-thiên
*** Hakka Romanization System: dung$^ˊ$ tien$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dung$^1$ tian$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi̯en²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: dung$^1$ tiên$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʊŋ⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: dung$^1$ tie$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tũŋ¹¹ tʰie¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-thiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tang-thinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dangtvy
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ tʰĩ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰĩ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tong-thian
*** Tâi-lô: tong-thian
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dongtiefn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dang$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang thiⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ³³⁻²³ tʰĩ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ton-thi
*** MiniDict: ton$^平$ thi
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ton-thi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /toŋ⁵⁵ tʰi²¹/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: dong$^1$ tienn$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʊŋ³³ tʰi̯ẽ³³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /tən³³ tʰi̯ẽ³³/
* Middle Chinese: towng then
Rime :
| Character | 冬 | 天 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 冬 (5) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | IV |
| Fanqie | 都宗切 | 他前切 |
| Baxter | towng | then |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tuoŋ/ | /tʰen/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tuoŋ/ | /tʰen/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /toŋ/ | /tʰɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tawŋ/ | /tʰɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /toŋ/ | /tʰen/ |
| Wang Li | /tuoŋ/ | /tʰien/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tuoŋ/ | /tʰien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dōng | tiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dung$^1$ | tin$^1$ |

### Noun

冬天
* winter
       Xiàtiān hé dōngtiān, nǐ gèng xǐhuān nǎ yī ge? [Pinyin]
       Do you prefer summer or winter?
       Tā zài dōngtiān shōují le xǔduō xuěshuǐ, zhǔnbèi xiàtiān yònglái jiàng shǔ. [Pinyin]
       She collected lots of snow water in winter so as to reduce the heat in summer.
       Dōngtiān de shíhòu Hā'ěrbīn shì bīngtiānxuědì. [Pinyin]
       During winter Harbin is a world of ice and snow.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 冬, 冬日 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 冬天, 冬季, 冬日 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Wuchang (Yingchengzi) | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 冬天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 冬天, 冬底下 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xianxian (Xiaoying) | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 冬天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 冬天 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 冬天, 冬季天兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 冬天 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 冬天 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 冬天, 冬季天兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 冬天, 臘月天兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 冬間 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 冬天, 九天, 九裡頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 冬天, 冬裡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Dingbian | 冬天, 冬裡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 冬天, 寒天, 冬上 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 冷天, 冬天, 寒裡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 冬天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 冬天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 冬天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 冬天, 冬月天, 冷月天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 冬天, 冬裡 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 冬天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 冬天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Xigou) | 冬天 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Changshanzi) | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 冬天, 冬天家 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 冬天, 寒天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 冬天, 寒天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 冬天, 冷天, 冬辰 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 冬季, 冬天, 冷天, 冷季 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 冬天, 冷天裡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 冬天, 寒天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 冬天, 冬天家, 寒天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 冷天家 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 寒天, 寒冷天, 冬月天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 冬天, 冷天, 北風天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 冬天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 冷天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 冷天, 冬天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 冷天, 冬寒天, 冬天, 寒裡 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 冬天, 寒天, 寒裡 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 冬天, 寒裡頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 寒天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 冬天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 冬天 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 冬天道, 冷天道 |
| Mandarin | Yongning (Najiahu) | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 冬天, 凍天 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 冬天 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 冬天 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 天冷天 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jiangkou) | 冷天, 冬天 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 冬天, 北風天 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 冷天 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 冬天 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 冬天 |
| Gan | Pengze | 冬下天 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 冷天 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 冷天, 冬下裡 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 冬天, 冬下, 冬下頭, 寒天, 冷天 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 冷天 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 冷天 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 冬下晨 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 冷天 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 冬下 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 冬下 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 寒天, 冷天, 冬下頭 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 寒天, 冷天, 冬下頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 寒天, 冷天, 冬下頭, 冬下時 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 寒天, 冬下頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 寒天, 冬下頭, 冬下時 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 寒天, 冬天 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Shahe) | 冬天 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Longtan) | 冬天 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Lingping) | 冷天 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) | 冬天 |
| Hakka | Xingye (Gaofeng) | 冬下天 |
| Hakka | Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) | 冬天 |
| Hakka | Pingle (Tong'an) | 冬天 |
| Hakka | Yangshuo (Jinbao) | 冬天, 冬下 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 冬天, 冬季 |
| Hakka | Pontianak (Meixian) | 冷天 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 下冬, 冬場子, 冬場下 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 冬天 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 冬天 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 冬天, 冬末寒天 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 冬天, 冬哩 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 冬天, 冬金天, 冬兒, 冬景天 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 冬天 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 冬天 |
| Jin | Linhe | 冬天, 冬天裡 |
| Jin | Jining | 冬天 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 冬天 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 冬天 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 冬天 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 冬天 |
| Jin | Handan | 冬天 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 冬天 |
| Jin | Suide | 冬裡 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 冬天 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 凊天, 冬天 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 凊天 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 凊天, 冬天 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 凊天 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 寒天 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 冬天, 寒天, 寒冬, 寒儂 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 冬天, 寒天, 寒儂 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 寒天, 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 冬天, 寒天, 寒冬 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 寒天, 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 寒天, 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 冬仔, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 冬天, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 冬天, 寒天儂 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 冬天, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 冬天, 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 寒天 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 寒儂 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 寒天, 在冬 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Pingle (Zhoutang) | 寒天, 冷天, 冬月天 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 冬天時, 凝天時 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 凝天時, 凊天時, 凊天 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 冬天時, 凝天時, 寒天時 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 凝天時, 凊天時, 冬天時 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 冬天 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 冬季 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 寒天 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 寒天, 冬天 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 冬天 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 冬季 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) | 冬天 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 冷天, 冬天 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 冬天 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 冬天 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 冬天, 冷天, 冬場裡, 寒場裡 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 寒天, 寒場裡, 寒裡 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 冬天, 冷天, 寒天 |
| Wu | Danyang | 冬天, 冬天頭, 冬季 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 冬天 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 冬天價, 冬天 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 天色冷, 十二月 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 冬天 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 冬裡 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 冬天, 冷天 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 冬天 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 冬天 |

#### Derived terms

* 核冬天 (hédōngtiān)
* 火山冬天 (huǒshān dōngtiān)