# 禱

| 禱 | U+79B1, &#31153; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79B1 |
| ← 禰 [U+79B0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 禲 → [U+79B2] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 祷 |
| Simplified | 祷 |
| Traditional | 禱 |

### Han character

禱 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+14, 19 strokes, cangjie input 戈火土弓戈 (IFGNI), four-corner 3424$_1$, composition ⿰礻壽)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 847, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24852
* Dae Jaweon: page 1269, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2410, character 10
* Unihan data for U+79B1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 禱 | *tuːʔ, *tuːs |
| 擣 | *tuːʔ |
| 檮 | *tuːʔ, *duː, *du |
| 壔 | *tuːʔ |
| 懤 | *tuːʔ, *du, *dus |
| 濤 | *duː, *duː |
| 燾 | *duː, *duːs |
| 翿 | *duː, *duːs |
| 幬 | *duːs, *du |
| 儔 | *duːs, *du |
| 譸 | *tu |
| 籌 | *du |
| 疇 | *du |
| 躊 | *du |
| 燽 | *du |
| 薵 | *du |
| 魗 | *tʰjuʔ, *dju |
| 醻 | *dju |
| 壽 | *djuʔ, *djus |
| 璹 | *djuʔ, *djuɡ |
| 鑄 | *tjos |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dǎo (dao$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tou$^2$ / dou$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dō̤
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tó / tó͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dǎo
*** Wade–Giles: tao$^3$
*** Yale: dǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dao
*** Palladius: дао (dao)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tou$^2$ / dou$^2$
*** Yale: tóu / dóu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tou$^2$ / dou$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tou$^2$ / dou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰou̯³⁵/, /tou̯³⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dō̤
*** Sinological IPA : /to³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tó
*** Tâi-lô: tó
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doir
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /to⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /to⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tó͘
*** Tâi-lô: tóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dor
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ⁵⁵⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tawX, tawH
Rime :
| Character | 禱 | 禱 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 都晧切 | 都導切 |
| Baxter | tawX | tawH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tɑu$^X$/ | /tɑu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tɑu$^X$/ | /tɑu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɑu$^X$/ | /tɑu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /taw$^X$/ | /taw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tɑu$^X$/ | /tɑu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tɑu$^X$/ | /tɑu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tɑu$^X$/ | /tɑu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dǎo | dào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dou$^2$ | dou$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ˤuʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tuːʔ/, /*tuːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 禱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ taw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t]ˁuʔ/ |
| English | pray |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 禱 | 禱 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11678 | 11683 |
| Phonetic component | 壽 | 壽 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 倒 | 到 |
| Old Chinese | /*tuːʔ/ | /*tuːs/ |

### Definitions

禱
* to pray
    默禱／默祷 ― mòdǎo ― to pray silently
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Jírì wéi wù, jì bó jì dǎo. [Pinyin]
    A lucky day was wù, and we sacrificed on it to the Ruler of horses, and prayed.
** 1999, 西伯 (lyrics and music), “上帝聽禱告”‎performed by 鄧婉玲 [Mimi Tang] and 蘇如紅 [Ivy So]:
       san$^4$ aa$^3$, ho$^2$ fau$^2$ teng$^1$ teng$^1$ ngo$^5$ tou$^2$ [Jyutping]
       O God, can You listen to me pray?

### Compounds

* 丘禱／丘祷
* 代禱／代祷 (dàidǎo)
* 企禱／企祷
* 分禱／分祷
* 厭禱／厌祷
* 善頌善禱／善颂善祷
* 塞禱／塞祷
* 宜禱／宜祷 (yídǎo)
* 密禱／密祷
* 情禱／情祷
* 惡禱／恶祷
* 懇禱／恳祷
* 戰禱／战祷
* 拜禱／拜祷
* 攻禱／攻祷
* 啟禱／启祷
* 早禱／早祷
* 晨禱／晨祷 (chéndǎo)
* 晚禱／晚祷 (wǎndǎo)
* 桑林禱／桑林祷
* 步禱／步祷
* 泣禱／泣祷
* 湯禱桑林／汤祷桑林
* 澆禱／浇祷
* 焚禱／焚祷
* 申禱／申祷
* 盼禱／盼祷
* 祀禱／祀祷
* 祈晴禱雨／祈晴祷雨
* 祈禱／祈祷 (qídǎo)
* 祈禱文／祈祷文
* 祈風禱雨／祈风祷雨
* 祝禱／祝祷 (zhùdǎo)
* 祠禱／祠祷
* 祭禱／祭祷
* 禜禱／𰱈祷
* 禡禱／祃祷
* 禱切／祷切
* 禱告／祷告 (dǎogào)
* 禱塞／祷塞
* 禱巫／祷巫
* 禱念／祷念
* 禱戰／祷战
* 禱文／祷文 (dǎowén)
* 禱書／祷书
* 禱求／祷求
* 禱牲／祷牲
* 禱獻／祷献
* 禱盼／祷盼
* 禱祀／祷祀
* 禱祈／祷祈 (dǎoqí)
* 禱祉／祷祉
* 禱祠／祷祠
* 禱祝／祷祝 (dǎozhù)
* 禱福／祷福
* 禱禬／祷𰧻
* 禱禳／祷禳
* 禱詞／祷词
* 禱請／祷请
* 禱謝／祷谢
* 禱賽／祷赛
* 禱辭／祷辞
* 禱雨／祷雨
* 禱雩／祷雩
* 禱頌／祷颂
* 禳禱／禳祷
* 籲禱／吁祷
* 至禱／至祷
* 致禱／致祷
* 葆禱／葆祷
* 解禱／解祷
* 請禱／请祷
* 讄禱／讄祷
* 賽禱／赛祷
* 醊禱／醊祷
* 雩禱／雩祷
* 頌禱／颂祷 (sòngdǎo)
* 馨香禱祝／馨香祷祝
* 默禱／默祷 (mòdǎo)
* 齋禱／斋祷

### References

* “禱”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 祷 |
| Kyūjitai | 禱 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 祷)
* pray
* entreat
* beg
* plead
* prayer

#### Readings

* Go-on: とう (tō)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kun: いのり (inori, 禱り)、いのる (inoru, 禱る)、まつる (matsuru, 禱る)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [to̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [도]

### Hanja

Wikisource 禱 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
* to pray