# 天空
## Chinese

* 天空 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Sky (English)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tiānkōng
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ ㄎㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tin$^1$ hung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thiên-khûng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tiên$^1$ kung$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): tiĕng-kŭng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thian-khong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tin$^1$ kong$^1$ / tiang$^1$ kong$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$thi-khon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiānkōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄎㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tiankong
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^1$-kʻung$^1$
*** Yale: tyān-kūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiankong
*** Palladius: тянькун (tjanʹkun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tin$^1$ hung$^1$
*** Yale: tīn hūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tin$^1$ hung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tin$^1$ hung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiːn⁵⁵ hʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-khûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: tien$^ˊ$ kung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tian$^1$ kung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰuŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tiên$^1$ kung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰiɛn⁴⁴ kʰʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tiĕng-kŭng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰieŋ⁵⁵ $^{(kʰ-)}$ŋuŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-khong
*** Tâi-lô: thian-khong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tienqofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ kʰɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tin$^1$ kong$^1$ / tiang$^1$ kong$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiⁿ khong / thiang khong
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰĩ³³⁻²³ kʰoŋ³³/, /tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ kʰoŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$thi-khon
*** MiniDict: thi$^平$ khon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$thi-khon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰi⁵⁵ kʰoŋ²¹/

### Noun

天空
* sky; heavens; firmament
       Měihǎo shíguāng shì nàyàng de duǎnzàn, wǎnruò tiānkōng huá guò de liúxīng bān zhuǎnshùnjíshì. [Pinyin]
       Happy times are so short; like a shooting star, they are gone in an instant.
    From: 1994, 王健 Wang Jian (lyricist), 谷建芬 Gu Jianfen (composer), "The Sky of History"《歷史的天空》
    Lìshǐ de tiānkōng shǎnshuò jǐ kē xīng; rénjiān yī gǔ yīngxióng qì zài chíchěng zònghéng. [Pinyin]
    In the sky of history blink a few stars; in the human world gallops a heroic spirit hither and thither.

#### Synonyms

* (literary) 上蒼／上苍 (shàngcāng); 蒼穹／苍穹 (cāngqióng)
* (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Teochew, Taiwanese Hakka, Wenzhounese Wu) 天頂／天顶
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 天 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 天, 天空 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 天 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 天 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 天 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 天 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 天 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 天 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 天空 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 天空 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 天 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 天空 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 天 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 天空 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Yonghe) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Pingnan (Danzhu) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Chongzuo (Laituan) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Fusui (Qujiu) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 天 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 天 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 天 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 天 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 天, 天空 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) | 天 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) | 天 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) | 天 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 天頂 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) | 天 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) | 天 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 天 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 天空 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 天 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 天 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) | 天 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) | 天 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) | 天 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) | 天 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) | 天 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) | 天 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) | 天 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) | 天 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 天空 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 天 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 天 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 天 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 天, 天頂 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 天 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 天 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Sucun) | 天 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 天 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 天 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 天 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 天公, 天 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 天 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 天 |
| Xiang | Hengshan | 天 |

#### Derived terms

* 天空實驗室／天空实验室
* 天空海闊／天空海阔
* 海濶天空
* 海闊天空／海阔天空 (hǎikuòtiānkōng)
* 海闊從魚躍，天空任鳥飛／海阔从鱼跃，天空任鸟飞
* 退一步海闊天空／退一步海阔天空 (tuì yī bù hǎikuòtiānkōng)
* 雲淨天空／云净天空
* 雲過天空／云过天空

### Adjective

天空
* (literary, of the sky) open and vast

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 天 | 空 |
| てん Grade: 1 | くう Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てんくう [tèńkúú] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) てんくう [tèńkúꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [tẽ̞ŋkɯ̟ː]

### Noun

天(てん)空(くう) • (tenkū)
* sky, ether, air, firmament

### See also

* Appendix:Gikun_Usage_in_Meiji_Version_of_Japanese_Bible/天空#Noun

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 天 | 空 |

### Noun

天空 • (cheon'gong) (hangeul 천공)
* hanja form of 천공