# 飛翔
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fēixiáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄟ ㄒㄧㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fei$^1$ coeng$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hui-siông / hui-siâng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēixiáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄟ ㄒㄧㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: feisiáng
*** Wade–Giles: fei$^1$-hsiang$^2$
*** Yale: fēi-syáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feishyang
*** Palladius: фэйсян (fɛjsjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /feɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fei$^1$ coeng$^4$
*** Yale: fēi chèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fei$^1$ tsoeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: féi$^1$ cêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fei̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hui-siông
*** Tâi-lô: hui-siông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huisioong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hui⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hui³³ siɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hui-siâng
*** Tâi-lô: hui-siâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huisiaang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hui⁴⁴⁻²² siaŋ¹³/
* Middle Chinese: pj+j zjang
Rime :
| Character | 飛 | 翔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (21) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 甫微切 | 似羊切 |
| Baxter | pj+j | zjang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʉi/ | /zɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷɨi/ | /ziɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuəi/ | /ziɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puj/ | /zɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /piuəi/ | /ziaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwəi/ | /zĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pwe̯i/ | /zi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fēi | xiáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fei$^1$ | coeng$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.pə[r] s.[ɢ]aŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pɯl ljaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 飛 | 翔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fēi | xiáng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjɨj › | ‹ zjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.pə[r]/ (dialect: *-r > *-j) | /*s.[ɢ]aŋ/ |
| English | fly (v.) | fly back and forth; soar |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 飛 | 翔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3115 | 14526 |
| Phonetic component | 飛 | 羊 |
| Rime group | 微 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 猆 | 詳 |
| Old Chinese | /*pɯl/ | /*ljaŋ/ |

### Verb

飛翔
* to fly; to soar

#### Synonyms

* 翱翔 (áoxiáng)
* 舞 (wǔ) (literary, or in compounds)
* 飛舞／飞舞 (fēiwǔ)
* 飛行／飞行 (fēixíng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 飛(ひ)翔(しょう) (hishō)
* → Korean: 비상(飛翔) (bisang)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 飛 | 翔 |
| ひ Grade: 4 | しょう Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi | kan'on |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひしょー [hìshóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çiɕo̞ː]

### Noun

飛(ひ)翔(しょう) • (hishō)
* high flight

#### Derived terms

* 停(てい)空(くう)飛(ひ)翔(しょう) (teikūhishō)
* 飛(ひ)翔(しょう)体(たい) (hishōtai)

### Verb

飛(ひ)翔(しょう)する • (hishō suru) intransitive suru (stem 飛(ひ)翔(しょう)し (hishō shi), past 飛(ひ)翔(しょう)した (hishō shita))
* soar, fly high

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 飛翔し | ひしょうし | hishō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 飛翔し | ひしょうし | hishō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 飛翔する | ひしょうする | hishō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 飛翔する | ひしょうする | hishō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 飛翔すれ | ひしょうすれ | hishō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 飛翔せよ¹ 飛翔しろ² | ひしょうせよ¹ ひしょうしろ² | hishō seyo¹ hishō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 飛翔される | ひしょうされる | hishō sareru |
| Causative | 飛翔させる 飛翔さす | ひしょうさせる ひしょうさす | hishō saseru hishō sasu |
| Potential | 飛翔できる | ひしょうできる | hishō dekiru |
| Volitional | 飛翔しよう | ひしょうしよう | hishō shiyō |
| Negative | 飛翔しない | ひしょうしない | hishō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 飛翔せず | ひしょうせず | hishō sezu |
| Formal | 飛翔します | ひしょうします | hishō shimasu |
| Perfective | 飛翔した | ひしょうした | hishō shita |
| Conjunctive | 飛翔して | ひしょうして | hishō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 飛翔すれば | ひしょうすれば | hishō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 飛 | 翔 |

### Noun

飛翔 • (bisang) (hangeul 비상)
* hanja form of 비상