# 失明
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shīmíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄕ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sat$^1$ ming$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳt-mìn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sit-bêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sig$^4$ mêng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shīmíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shihmíng
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^1$-ming$^2$
*** Yale: shr̄-míng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyming
*** Palladius: шимин (šimin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sat$^1$ ming$^4$
*** Yale: sāt mìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sat$^7$ ming$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sed$^1$ ming$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐt̚⁵ mɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳt-mìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: siid$^ˋ$ min$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sid$^5$ min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚² min¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-bêng
*** Tâi-lô: sit-bîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sitbeeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚³²⁻⁵ biɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sig$^4$ mêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sik mêng
*** Sinological IPA : /sik̚²⁻⁴ meŋ⁵⁵/

### Verb

失明
* to become blind; to lose one's sight
       Rúguǒ méiyǒu rén juānzhù dehuà, zhè ge xiǎohái jiù huì yǒngyuǎn shīmíng. [Pinyin]
       If no one offers assistance this kid will become permanently blind.
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Zuǒqiū shīmíng, jué yǒu Guóyǔ;...... [Pinyin]
    Zuoqiu lost his sight, so we have Discourses of the States; [...]

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 瞽, 盲 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 失明, 瞎眼, 瞎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 瞎眼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 瞎, 盲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 瞎, 盲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 盲, 盲眼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 盲, 盲眼 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 盲 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 瞎, 盲 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 眼瞎 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 目瞎 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 目瞨, 目瞎, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 青盲 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 瞎 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Pingtian) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 青盲 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 青盲 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 瞎 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 盲 |

#### Derived terms

* 選擇性失明／选择性失明 (xuǎnzéxìng shīmíng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 失 | 明 |
| しつ Grade: 4 | めい Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しつめー [shìtsúméé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕit͡sɨme̞ː]

### Noun

失(しつ)明(めい) • (shitsumei)
* loss of sight

#### See also

* 盲(もう) (mō)

### Verb

失(しつ)明(めい)する • (shitsumei suru) suru (stem 失(しつ)明(めい)し (shitsumei shi), past 失(しつ)明(めい)した (shitsumei shita))
* to lose sight

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 失明し | しつめいし | shitsumei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 失明し | しつめいし | shitsumei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 失明する | しつめいする | shitsumei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 失明する | しつめいする | shitsumei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 失明すれ | しつめいすれ | shitsumei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 失明せよ¹ 失明しろ² | しつめいせよ¹ しつめいしろ² | shitsumei seyo¹ shitsumei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 失明される | しつめいされる | shitsumei sareru |
| Causative | 失明させる 失明さす | しつめいさせる しつめいさす | shitsumei saseru shitsumei sasu |
| Potential | 失明できる | しつめいできる | shitsumei dekiru |
| Volitional | 失明しよう | しつめいしよう | shitsumei shiyō |
| Negative | 失明しない | しつめいしない | shitsumei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 失明せず | しつめいせず | shitsumei sezu |
| Formal | 失明します | しつめいします | shitsumei shimasu |
| Perfective | 失明した | しつめいした | shitsumei shita |
| Conjunctive | 失明して | しつめいして | shitsumei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 失明すれば | しつめいすれば | shitsumei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN