OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 堵截
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dǔjié
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dou$^2$ zit$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dǔjié
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dǔjié
*** Wade–Giles: tu$^3$-chieh$^2$
*** Yale: dǔ-jyé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duujye
*** Palladius: дуцзе (ducze)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dou$^2$ zit$^6$
*** Yale: dóu jiht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dou$^2$ dzit$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dou$^2$ jid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tou̯³⁵ t͡siːt̚²/

### Verb

堵截
* to block; to obstruct; to intercept

#### Synonyms

* 不通 (bùtōng)
* 堵塞
* 堵窒 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 妨礙／妨碍 (fáng'ài)
* 徑杈／径杈 (Hakka)
* 截 (jié)
* 掛礙／挂碍 (guà'ài)
* 擋／挡
* 擋住／挡住 (dǎngzhù)
* 攔／拦 (lán)
* 攔住／拦住 (lánzhù)
* 攔截／拦截 (lánjié)
* 攔擋／拦挡 (lándǎng)
* 攔閘／拦闸 (Hokkien)
* 攔阻／拦阻 (lánzǔ)
* 有礙／有碍 (yǒu'ài)
* 梗塞
* 滯滯／滞滞 (Hokkien)
* 滯礙／滞碍 (zhì'ài)
* 礙噠／碍哒 (ngai$^5$ da) (Xiang)
* 窒礙／窒碍 (zhì'ài) (literary)
* 蔽塞 (bìsè) (literary)
* 蔽障 (bìzhàng)
* 遮 (literary, or in compounds)
* 邀 (yāo)
* 閉塞／闭塞 (bìsè)
* 阻住 (zo$^2$ zyu$^6$) (Cantonese)
* 阻塞
* 阻撓／阻挠 (zǔnáo)
* 阻擋／阻挡 (zǔdǎng)
* 阻攔／阻拦 (zǔlán)
* 阻滯／阻滞 (zǔzhì)
* 阻礙／阻碍 (zǔ'ài)
* 阻窒 (Hokkien)
* 障礙／障碍 (zhàng'ài)

#### Antonyms

* 放行 (fàngxíng)
* 暢通／畅通 (chàngtōng)
* 通行 (tōngxíng)
# 回归热
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 回归热 – see 回歸熱 (“relapsing fever”). (This term is the simplified form of 回歸熱).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 回心轉意
## Chinese

| | | to circle; to go back; to turn aroundto circle; to go back; to turn around; to answer; to return; to revolve; (a measure word for matters or actions) a time; Islam | heart; mind | to revolve; to turn; to circle aboutto revolve; to turn; to circle about; to walk about; to convey; to forward (mail); to transfer; to shift | idea; meaning; wishidea; meaning; wish; desire; Italy (abbrev.) |
| trad. (回心轉意) | trad. (回心轉意) | 回 | 心 | 轉 | 意 |
| simp. (回心转意) | simp. (回心转意) | 回 | 心 | 转 | 意 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huíxīnzhuǎnyì
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wui$^4$ sam$^1$ zyun$^2$ ji$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huíxīnzhuǎnyì
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huéisinjhuǎnyì
*** Wade–Giles: hui$^2$-hsin$^1$-chuan$^3$-i$^4$
*** Yale: hwéi-syīn-jwǎn-yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hweishinjoanyih
*** Palladius: хуэйсиньчжуаньи (xuejsinʹčžuanʹi)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wui$^4$ sam$^1$ zyun$^2$ ji$^3$
*** Yale: wùih sām jyún yi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wui$^4$ sam$^1$ dzyn$^2$ ji$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wui$^4$ sem$^1$ jun$^2$ yi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuːi̯²¹ sɐm⁵⁵ t͡syːn³⁵ jiː³³/

### Idiom

回心轉意
* to change one's mind

#### Antonyms

* 一意孤行 (yīyìgūxíng)
# 采样率
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 采样率 – see 採樣率 (“sampling rate”). (This term is the simplified form of 採樣率).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 陽報
## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 陽 | 報 |

### Noun

陽報 • (yangbo) (hangeul 양보)
* hanja form of 양보 (“karma received in the living world”)
# 陽去
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yángqù
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˊ ㄑㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng$^4$ heoi$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yángqù
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˊ ㄑㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yángcyù
*** Wade–Giles: yang$^2$-chʻü$^4$
*** Yale: yáng-chyù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yangchiuh
*** Palladius: янцюй (jancjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joeng$^4$ heoi$^3$
*** Yale: yèuhng heui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joeng$^4$ hoey$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêng$^4$ hêu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːŋ²¹ hɵy̯³³/

### Noun

陽去
* (～調) (linguistics) light departing tone (corresponds to tone 7 in Min Nan)

#### See also

The tones (of Chinese) in Mandarin · 聲調／声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text) :
| | 平仄 (píngzè) | 平仄 (píngzè) | 平 (píng) 平聲／平声 (píngshēng) | 平 (píng) 平聲／平声 (píngshēng) | 仄 (zè) 仄聲／仄声 (zèshēng) | 仄 (zè) 仄聲／仄声 (zèshēng) | 仄 (zè) 仄聲／仄声 (zèshēng) | 仄 (zè) 仄聲／仄声 (zèshēng) | 仄 (zè) 仄聲／仄声 (zèshēng) | 仄 (zè) 仄聲／仄声 (zèshēng) |
| | 平上去入 (píngshǎngqùrù) 四聲／四声 (sìshēng) | 平上去入 (píngshǎngqùrù) 四聲／四声 (sìshēng) | 平 (píng) 平聲／平声 (píngshēng) | 平 (píng) 平聲／平声 (píngshēng) | 上 (shǎng) 上聲／上声 (shǎngshēng) | 上 (shǎng) 上聲／上声 (shǎngshēng) | 去 (qù) 去聲／去声 (qùshēng) | 去 (qù) 去聲／去声 (qùshēng) | 入 (rù) 入聲／入声 (rùshēng) | 入 (rù) 入聲／入声 (rùshēng) |
| 標調方法／标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ) 標調法／标调法 | 四角標調法／四角标调法 | 四角標調法／四角标调法 | ꜀◌ | ꜀◌ | ꜂◌ | ꜂◌ | ◌꜄ | ◌꜄ | ◌꜆ | ◌꜆ |
| 標調方法／标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ) 標調法／标调法 | [Term?] | [Term?] | ◌〪 | ◌〪 | ◌〫 | ◌〫 | ◌〬 | ◌〬 | ◌〭 | ◌〭 |
| 標調方法／标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ) 標調法／标调法 | 傍點／傍点 | 傍點／傍点 | ∅ | ∅ | ◌〮 | ◌〮 | ◌〯 | ◌〯 | ∅ | ∅ |
| | 四聲八調／四声八调 | 四聲八調／四声八调 | 陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng) | 陽平／阳平 (yángpíng) | 陰上／阴上 (yīnshǎng) | 陽上／阳上 (yángshǎng) | 陰去／阴去 (yīnqù) | 陽去／阳去 (yángqù) | 陰入／阴入 (yīnrù) | 陽入／阳入 (yángrù) |
| | 陰／阴 (yīn) | 陽／阳 (yáng) | 陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng) | 陽平／阳平 (yángpíng) | 陰上／阴上 (yīnshǎng) | 陽上／阳上 (yángshǎng) | 陰去／阴去 (yīnqù) | 陽去／阳去 (yángqù) | 陰入／阴入 (yīnrù) | 陽入／阳入 (yángrù) |
| 標調方法／标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ) 標調法／标调法 | 四角標調法／四角标调法 | 四角標調法／四角标调法 | ꜀◌ | ꜁◌ | ꜂◌ | ꜃◌ | ◌꜄ | ◌꜅ | ◌꜆ | ◌꜇ |
The tones (of Standard Mandarin) in Mandarin · 聲調／声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text) :
| 四聲／四声 (sìshēng) | 陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng) 一聲／一声 | 陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng) 一聲／一声 | 陽平／阳平 (yángpíng) 二聲／二声 (èrshēng) | 陽平／阳平 (yángpíng) 二聲／二声 (èrshēng) | 上聲／上声 (shǎngshēng) 三聲／三声 (sānshēng) | 上聲／上声 (shǎngshēng) 三聲／三声 (sānshēng) | 去聲／去声 (qùshēng) 四聲／四声 (sìshēng) | 去聲／去声 (qùshēng) 四聲／四声 (sìshēng) | 輕聲／轻声 (qīngshēng) | 輕聲／轻声 (qīngshēng) |
# 处所
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 处所 – see 處所 (“place; site; premises; address”). (This term is the simplified form of 處所).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 处死式热水炉
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 处死式热水炉 – see 處死式熱水爐 (“storage-type water heater”). (This term is the simplified form of 處死式熱水爐).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 处方药
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 处方药 – see 處方藥 (“prescription drug”). (This term is the simplified form of 處方藥).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 大清国
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 大清国 – see 大清國 (“the Qing dynasty”). (This term is the simplified form of 大清國).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 塁審
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 塁 | 審 |
| るい Grade: S | しん Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 壘審 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) るいしん [rùíshíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɾɯ̟iɕĩɴ]

### Noun

塁(るい)審(しん) • (ruishin)
* (baseball) base umpire
    Coordinate terms: 球審, 塁審, 外審(線審)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 塄

| 塄 | U+5844, &#22596; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5844 |
| ← 塃 [U+5843] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 塅 → [U+5845] |

## Translingual
### Han character

塄 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土田中尸 (GWLS), composition ⿰土𬙙 or ⿰土⿱罒方)
* elevated bank in a field

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 234, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 464, character 2
* Unihan data for U+5844

## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): léng (leng$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ling$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: léng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: léng
*** Wade–Giles: lêng$^2$
*** Yale: léng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leng
*** Palladius: лэн (lɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɤŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ling$^4$
*** Yale: lìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ling$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ling$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɪŋ²¹/

### Definitions

塄
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* (Cantonese) Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 1), p. 88

## Vietnamese
### Han character

塄: Hán Nôm readings: lăng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation
# 雄辩滔滔
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 雄辩滔滔 – see 雄辯滔滔 (“to argue forcefully and continuously; to argue strongly and eloquently”). (This term is the simplified form of 雄辯滔滔).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 險些
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiǎnxiē
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄝ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): him$^2$ se$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎnxiē
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎnsie
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^3$-hsieh$^1$
*** Yale: syǎn-syē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheanshie
*** Palladius: сяньсе (sjanʹse)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (險些兒／险些儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎnxiēr
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄝㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎnsier
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^3$-hsieh$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: syǎn-syēr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheanshie'l
*** Palladius: сяньсер (sjanʹser)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛɻ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: him$^2$ se$^1$
*** Yale: hím sē
*** Cantonese Pinyin: him$^2$ se$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: him$^2$ sé$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiːm³⁵ sɛː⁵⁵/

### Adverb

險些
* (of bad things) almost; nearly

#### Synonyms

* 差一點／差一点
* 差啲 (caa$^1$ di$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 差小可 (Hokkien)
* 差小可仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 差淡薄 (Hokkien)
* 差淡薄仔 (Hokkien)
* 差無偌／差无偌 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 差點／差点 (chàdiǎn)
* 差點咖子／差点咖子 (ca$^1$ dienn$^3$ ga zr) (Xiang)
* 急下烏／急下乌 ($^7$ciq-shia-u) (Wu)
* 爭些／争些 (zhēngxiē) (obsolete)
* 爭啲／争啲 (zaang$^1$ di$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 爭差點兒／争差点儿 (zen$^1$ ca$^1$ dianr$^3$) (Sichuanese)
* 爭滴滴兒／争滴滴儿 (zen$^1$ di$^1$ dir$^{3-1}$) (Sichuanese)
* 爭點兒／争点儿 (zen$^1$ dianr$^3$) (Sichuanese)
* 臨臨仔／临临仔 (Hokkien)
* 險／险 (xiǎn) (of bad things)
* 險介乎／险介乎 ($^5$shi-cia-wu) (Wu)
* 險險／险险 (Hokkien)
# 隨隨便便
## Chinese

| | | to follow; to comply with; to allowto follow; to comply with; to allow; surname | to follow; to comply with; to allowto follow; to comply with; to allow; surname | advantageous; cheap; ordinaryadvantageous; cheap; ordinary; plain; convenient; handy; easy; then; so; thus; to relieve oneself | advantageous; cheap; ordinaryadvantageous; cheap; ordinary; plain; convenient; handy; easy; then; so; thus; to relieve oneself |
| trad. (隨隨便便) | trad. (隨隨便便) | 隨 | 隨 | 便 | 便 |
| simp. (随随便便) | simp. (随随便便) | 随 | 随 | 便 | 便 |
| AABB-type reduplication of 隨便／随便 (suíbiàn). ||||||

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): suísuíbiànbiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄟˊ ㄙㄨㄟˊ ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceoi$^4$ ceoi$^4$ bin$^{6-2}$ bin$^{6-2}$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: suísuíbiànbiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄟˊ ㄙㄨㄟˊ ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: suéisuéibiànbiàn
*** Wade–Giles: sui$^2$-sui$^2$-pien$^4$-pien$^4$
*** Yale: swéi-swéi-byàn-byàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sweisweibiannbiann
*** Palladius: суйсуйбяньбянь (sujsujbjanʹbjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /su̯eɪ̯³⁵ su̯eɪ̯³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceoi$^4$ ceoi$^4$ bin$^{6-2}$ bin$^{6-2}$
*** Yale: chèuih chèuih bín bín
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey$^4$ tsoey$^4$ bin$^{6-2}$ bin$^{6-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêu$^4$ cêu$^4$ bin$^{6-2}$ bin$^{6-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ piːn²²⁻³⁵ piːn²²⁻³⁵/

### Adjective

隨隨便便
* careless; rather casual; lax

#### Synonyms

* (Hokkien) 稀稀戽戽
# 备选
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 备选 – see 備選 (“to be ready for selection; to be presented for consideration”). (This term is the simplified form of 備選).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 銅像
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tóngxiàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thùng-siong
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tâng-chhiāng / tâng-siōng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tóngxiàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tóngsiàng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^2$-hsiang$^4$
*** Yale: túng-syàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torngshianq
*** Palladius: тунсян (tunsjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thùng-siong
*** Hakka Romanization System: tung$^ˇ$ xiong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tung$^2$ xiong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ¹¹ si̯oŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tâng-chhiāng / tâng-siōng
*** Tâi-lô: tâng-tshiāng / tâng-siōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dangchiang, dangsiong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /taŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ²²/, /taŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ⁴¹/, /taŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /taŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ²²/, /taŋ¹³⁻²² siɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiaŋ³³/, /taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiaŋ³³/, /taŋ²³⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/

### Noun

銅像
* bronze statue (Classifier: 尊 m)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 銅 | 像 |
| どう Grade: 5 | ぞう Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) どーぞー [dòózóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [do̞ːzo̞ː]

### Noun

銅(どう)像(ぞう) • (dōzō)
* bronze sculpture

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
# 靱性
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 靱 | 性 |
| じん Hyōgai | せい Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

靱(じん)性(せい) • (jinsei)
* tenacity
# 大祖国戦争
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 祖 | 国 | 戦 | 争 |
| だい Grade: 1 | そ Grade: 5 | こく Grade: 2 | せん Grade: 4 | そう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi |||||
* Alternative spelling
* 大祖國戰爭 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

Calque of Russian Вели́кая Оте́чественная война́ (Velíkaja Otéčestvennaja vojná).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [da̠i so̞ko̞kɯ̟ sẽ̞ɰ̃so̞ː]

### Proper noun

大(だい)祖(そ)国(こく)戦(せん)争(そう) • (Dai Sokoku Sensō)
* Great Patriotic War
# 大礼帽
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 大礼帽 – see 大禮帽 (“top hat”). (This term is the simplified form of 大禮帽).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 集子
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jízi
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ ˙ㄗ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaap$^6$ zi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jízi
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ ˙ㄗ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jízi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^2$-tzŭ$^5$
*** Yale: jí-dz
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi.tzy
*** Palladius: цзицзы (cziczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaap$^6$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: jaahp jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaap$^9$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zab$^6$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːp̚² t͡siː³⁵/

### Noun

集子
* anthology; collection of works
** Aug 1934, Yu Dafu, “故都的秋”, in 閑書, 2nd edition, 上海良友復興圖書印刷公司, published 1941, page 68:
       Wǒ suīzé wàiguó shīwén niàn de bù duō, yě bù xiǎng kāi chū zhàng lái, zuò yī piān qiū de shīgē sànwén chāo, dàn nǐ ruò qù yī fān Yīng Dé Fǎ Yì děng shīrén de jízǐ, huò gè guó de shīwén de Anthology lái, zǒng nénggòu kàndào xǔduō guānyú qiū de gēsòng hé bēití. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Synonyms

* 集本 (jíběn)
# 阿三
## Chinese

* 阿三

### Etymology

Unknown. Possibilities include:
* From 阿Sir, a respectful term of address for policemen;
* From English I see, an affirmative answer often used by policemen when replying to commanding officers;
* From Assam, a state in northeastern India.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): āsān
    (Zhuyin): ㄚ ㄙㄢ
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$aq-se
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: āsān
*** Zhuyin: ㄚ ㄙㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: asan
*** Wade–Giles: a$^1$-san$^1$
*** Yale: ā-sān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: asan
*** Palladius: асань (asanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀä⁵⁵ sän⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$aq-se
*** MiniDict: ah$^入$ se
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$aq-se
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /aʔ³³ se⁴⁴/

### Noun

阿三 (originally Shanghainese)
* (historical, slang, derogatory) Sikh policeman in the Shanghai International Settlement
* (ethnic slur, slang, pejorative depending on context, by extension) Indian person

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 印度人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 印度人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 印度人 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 阿差 †, 摩囉差 † |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 印度人, 印度佬, 阿差 †, 摩囉差 †, 阿星 † |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 吉靈人 † |
| Cantonese | Ipoh (Guangfu) | 印度人 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 印度人, 吉靈人 † |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 印度人 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 印度人 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 印度人 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 印度人 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 印度人 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 印度人 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 印度人 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 摩囉差 † |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 吉靈人 † |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 印度番仔 † |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 烏番仔 † |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 印度仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 烏印度仔 † |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 烏肚番仔 † |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 烏肚番仔 † |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 印度仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 烏儂 † |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 印度儂 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 吉靈仔 † |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 印度儂, 吉靈仔 †, 吉靈囝 †, ah neh †, ah pu neh neh † |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 印度仔, 印度儂 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 吉靈囝 † |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 印度儂, ah neh †, apooneh †, 吉靈囝 † |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 吉靈囝 † |
| Wu | Shanghai | 印度人, 阿三 †, 紅頭阿三 † |
| Note | † - derogatory/disrespectful/ethnic slur | † - derogatory/disrespectful/ethnic slur |

#### Derived terms

* 三哥 (sāngē)
* 印度阿三 (Yìndù āsān)
# 阿久根
## Chinese

* 阿久根市

### Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 阿久根 (Akune).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Ājiǔgēn
    (Zhuyin): ㄚ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄍㄣ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Ājiǔgēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄚ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄍㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Ajiǒugen
*** Wade–Giles: A$^1$-chiu$^3$-kên$^1$
*** Yale: Ā-jyǒu-gēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ajeougen
*** Palladius: Ацзюгэнь (Aczjugɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

阿久根
* (～市) Akune (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)
# 阿丹
## Chinese
### Etymology

From Arabic آدَم (ʔādam).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Ādān
    (Zhuyin): ㄚ ㄉㄢ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Ādān
*** Zhuyin: ㄚ ㄉㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Adan
*** Wade–Giles: A$^1$-tan$^1$
*** Yale: Ā-dān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Adan
*** Palladius: Адань (Adanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀä⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

阿丹
* (Islam) Adam

#### Synonyms

* (Christianity) 亞當／亚当 (Yàdāng)
# 鎮靜藥
## Chinese

| | | steady; calm; stablesteady; calm; stable; to make steady; to calm down; to stabilise | medicine; drug; cure |
| trad. (鎮靜藥/鎭靜藥) | trad. (鎮靜藥/鎭靜藥) | 鎮靜/鎭靜 | 藥 |
| simp. (镇静药) | simp. (镇静药) | 镇静 | 药 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhènjìngyào
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣˋ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄧㄠˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhènjìngyào
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˋ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhènjìngyào
*** Wade–Giles: chên$^4$-ching$^4$-yao$^4$
*** Yale: jèn-jìng-yàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jennjinqyaw
*** Palladius: чжэньцзинъяо (čžɛnʹczinʺjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

### Noun

鎮靜藥
* sedative; tranquilizer

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 鎮静薬(ちんせいやく) (chinseiyaku)
# 鎮靜劑
## Chinese

| | | steady; calm; stablesteady; calm; stable; to make steady; to calm down; to stabilise | dose; agent |
| trad. (鎮靜劑/鎭靜劑) | trad. (鎮靜劑/鎭靜劑) | 鎮靜/鎭靜 | 劑 |
| simp. (镇静剂) | simp. (镇静剂) | 镇静 | 剂 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhènjìngjì
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣˋ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄐㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zan$^3$ zing$^6$ zai$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tìn-chēng-che
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhènjìngjì
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˋ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhènjìngjì
*** Wade–Giles: chên$^4$-ching$^4$-chi$^4$
*** Yale: jèn-jìng-jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jennjinqjih
*** Palladius: чжэньцзинцзи (čžɛnʹczinczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zan$^3$ zing$^6$ zai$^1$
*** Yale: jan jihng jāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzan$^3$ dzing$^6$ dzai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zen$^3$ jing$^6$ zei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐn³³ t͡sɪŋ²² t͡sɐi̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tìn-chēng-che
*** Tâi-lô: tìn-tsīng-tse
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dienzexngzef
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tin²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡se⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² t͡se³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tin²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡se⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tin¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡se⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tin²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siɪŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡se⁴⁴/

### Noun

鎮靜劑
* sedative; tranquilizer

#### Synonyms

* 鎮靜藥／镇静药 (zhènjìngyào)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 鎮静剤(ちんせいざい) (chinseizai)
* → Korean: 진정제(鎭靜劑) (jinjeongje)
# 基改
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīgǎi
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ ㄍㄞˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gei$^1$ goi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīgǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ ㄍㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jigǎi
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^1$-kai$^3$
*** Yale: jī-gǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jigae
*** Palladius: цзигай (czigaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^1$ goi$^2$
*** Yale: gēi gói
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^1$ goi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^1$ goi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯⁵⁵ kɔːi̯³⁵/

### Noun

基改
* Short for 基因改造 (jīyīn gǎizào).
# 集體福利
## Chinese

| | | group; collective; teamgroup; collective; team; community; collective; communal; social | welfare; well-being; benefit |
| trad. (集體福利) | trad. (集體福利) | 集體 | 福利 |
| simp. (集体福利) | simp. (集体福利) | 集体 | 福利 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jítǐ fúlì
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄧˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄧˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jítǐ fúlì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄧˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jítǐ fúlì
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^2$-tʻi$^3$ fu$^2$-li$^4$
*** Yale: jí-tǐ fú-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyitii fwulih
*** Palladius: цзити фули (cziti fuli)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵ li⁵¹/

### Noun

集體福利
* collective welfare
    From: 1956, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《論十大關係》 (On the Ten Major Relationships), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
    Ná gōngrén jiǎng, gōngrén de láodòng shēngchǎnlǜ tígāo le, tāmen de láodòng tiáojiàn hé jítǐ fúlì jiù xūyào zhúbù yǒusuǒ gǎijìn. [Pinyin]
    Take the workers for example. As their labour productivity rises, there should be a gradual improvement in their working conditions and collective welfare.