OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 倒晶格
## Chinese

* 倒晶格

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dàojīnggé
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄍㄜˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàojīnggé
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄍㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàojinggé
*** Wade–Giles: tao$^4$-ching$^1$-ko$^2$
*** Yale: dàu-jīng-gé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dawjingger
*** Palladius: даоцзингэ (daoczingɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàojīnggér
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄍㄜˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàojinggér
*** Wade–Giles: tao$^4$-ching$^1$-ko$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: dàu-jīng-gér
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dawjingger'l
*** Palladius: даоцзингэр (daoczingɛr)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ kɤɻ³⁵/

### Noun

倒晶格
* (physics) reciprocal lattice
# 倒来
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 倒来 – see 倒來 (“to come back; to return; to come home”). (This term is the simplified form of 倒來).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 兴无灭资
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 兴无灭资 – see 興無滅資 (“to foster what is proletarian and eliminate what is bourgeois”). (This term is the simplified form of 興無滅資).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 兴废
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 兴废 – see 興廢 (“to rise and fall; to prosper and decline”). (This term is the simplified form of 興廢).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 裈

| 裈 | U+88C8, &#35016; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-88C8 |
| ← 裇 [U+88C7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 裉 → [U+88C9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

裈 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中月大手 (LBKQ), composition ⿰衤军)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1116, character 34
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 5, page 3090, character 4
* Unihan data for U+88C8

## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 裈 – see 褌 (“trousers; pants; fundoshi”). (This character is the simplified form of 褌).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 八贤
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 八贤 – see 八賢. (This term is the simplified form of 八賢).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 划衣莊
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$waq-i-tsaon
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$waq-i-tsaon
*** MiniDict: wah$^入$ i tsaon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$hhuaq-i-tsaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦuaʔ¹¹ i²² t͡sɑ̃²³/

### Noun

划衣莊
* (Shanghainese, dated) out of fashion clothes shop
# 保温杯
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 保温杯 – see 保溫杯 (“thermos; vacuum flask”). (This term is the simplified and variant traditional form of 保溫杯).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 公共部門
## Chinese

| | | public; communal | department; branch; sectiondepartment; branch; section; division; agency; sector |
| trad. (公共部門) | trad. (公共部門) | 公共 | 部門 |
| simp. (公共部门) | simp. (公共部门) | 公共 | 部门 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōnggòng bùmén
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄇㄣˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōnggòng bùmén
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄇㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gonggòng bùmén
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-kung$^4$ pu$^4$-mên$^2$
*** Yale: gūng-gùng bù-mén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonggonq buhmen
*** Palladius: гунгун бумэнь (gungun bumɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ mən³⁵/

### Noun

公共部門
* public sector

#### Synonyms

* 體制／体制 (tǐzhì) (chiefly mainland China)

#### Antonyms

* 私人部門／私人部门 (sīrén bùmén)
# 公关小姐
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 公关小姐 – see 公關小姐 (“female public relations officer”). (This term is the simplified form of 公關小姐).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# 血管硬化
## Chinese

| | | blood vessel | to harden; to become hard; to become rigid or inflexible |
| trad. (血管硬化) | trad. (血管硬化) | 血管 | 硬化 |
| simp. $^#$(血管硬化) | simp. $^#$(血管硬化) | 血管 | 硬化 |
* 血管硬化

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xuèguǎn yìnghuà, xuěguǎn yìnghuà, xiěguǎn yìnghuà
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄢˇ ㄧㄥˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ, ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄍㄨㄢˇ ㄧㄥˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ, ㄒㄧㄝˇ ㄍㄨㄢˇ ㄧㄥˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hyut$^3$ gun$^2$ ngaang$^6$ faa$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuèguǎn yìnghuà
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄢˇ ㄧㄥˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuèguǎn yìnghuà
*** Wade–Giles: hsüeh$^4$-kuan$^3$ ying$^4$-hua$^4$
*** Yale: sywè-gwǎn yìng-hwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuehgoan yinqhuah
*** Palladius: сюэгуань инхуа (sjueguanʹ inxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuěguǎn yìnghuà [Phonetic: xuéguǎnyìnghuà]
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄍㄨㄢˇ ㄧㄥˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuěguǎn yìnghuà
*** Wade–Giles: hsüeh$^3$-kuan$^3$ ying$^4$-hua$^4$
*** Yale: sywě-gwǎn yìng-hwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheuegoan yinqhuah
*** Palladius: сюэгуань инхуа (sjueguanʹ inxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; colloquial in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiěguǎn yìnghuà [Phonetic: xiéguǎnyìnghuà]
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˇ ㄍㄨㄢˇ ㄧㄥˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siěguǎn yìnghuà
*** Wade–Giles: hsieh$^3$-kuan$^3$ ying$^4$-hua$^4$
*** Yale: syě-gwǎn yìng-hwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shieegoan yinqhuah
*** Palladius: сегуань инхуа (seguanʹ inxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hyut$^3$ gun$^2$ ngaang$^6$ faa$^3$
*** Yale: hyut gún ngaahng fa
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hyt$^8$ gun$^2$ ngaang$^6$ faa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hüd$^3$ gun$^2$ ngang$^6$ fa$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hyːt̚³ kuːn³⁵ ŋaːŋ²² faː³³/

### Noun

血管硬化
* vascular sclerosis
    動脈血管硬化／动脉血管硬化 ― dòngmài xuèguǎn yìnghuà ― arteriosclerosis
# 血糊
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 血 | 糊 |
| ち Grade: 3 | のり Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi ||

### Etymology

From 血 (chi, “blood”) +‎ 糊 (nori, “glue”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɕino̞ɾʲi]

### Noun

血(ち)糊(のり) • (chinori)
* A size; a thickened crust of coagulated blood.
    武(む)蔵(さし)は刀(かたな)についた血(ち)糊(のり)を洗(あら)い流(なが)した。
       Musashi wa katana ni tsuita chinori o arainagashita.
       Musashi washed away the size on his katana.
# 襋

| 襋 | U+894B, &#35147; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-894B |
| ← 襊 [U+894A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 襌 → [U+894C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

襋 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 中木月月 (LDBB), four-corner 3529$_2$, composition ⿰衤棘)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1124, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34585
* Dae Jaweon: page 1591, character 32
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3113, character 22
* Unihan data for U+894B

## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jí (ji$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gik$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jí
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^2$
*** Yale: jí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gik$^1$
*** Yale: gīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪk̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kik
Rime :
| Character | 襋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 紀力切 |
| Baxter | kik |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ji |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*krɯɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 襋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5746 |
| Phonetic component | 棘 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 殛 |
| Old Chinese | /*krɯɡ/ |

### Definitions

襋
* (literary) collar
# 共商
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gòngshāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^6$ soeng$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gòngshāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gòngshang
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^4$-shang$^1$
*** Yale: gùng-shāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonqshang
*** Palladius: гуншан (gunšan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^6$ soeng$^1$
*** Yale: guhng sēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^6$ soeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^6$ sêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ²² sœːŋ⁵⁵/

### Verb

共商
* to discuss together

#### Derived terms

* 共商大計／共商大计 (gòngshāngdàjì)
# 共軍
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gòngjūn
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄐㄩㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^6$ gwan$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiōng-kun
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gòngjūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄐㄩㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gòngjyun
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^4$-chün$^1$
*** Yale: gùng-jyūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonqjiun
*** Palladius: гунцзюнь (gunczjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^6$ gwan$^1$
*** Yale: guhng gwān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^6$ gwan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^6$ guen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ²² kʷɐn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiōng-kun
*** Tâi-lô: kiōng-kun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kioxngkwn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kun³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kun⁴⁴/

### Noun

共軍
* (uncommon, used by the Kuomintang) People's Liberation Army, the army of the Chinese Communists

#### Synonyms

* 解放軍／解放军 (jiěfàngjūn)

#### Coordinate terms

* 國軍／国军 (guójūn)
# 倒流
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dàoliú
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dou$^3$ lau$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tò-lâu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàoliú
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàolióu
*** Wade–Giles: tao$^4$-liu$^2$
*** Yale: dàu-lyóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dawliou
*** Palladius: даолю (daolju)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑʊ̯⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dou$^3$ lau$^4$
*** Yale: dou làuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dou$^3$ lau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dou$^3$ leo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tou̯³³ lɐu̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tò-lâu
*** Tâi-lô: tò-lâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doirlaau
*** IPA (Xiamen): /to²¹⁻⁵³ lau²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /to⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lau²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /to²¹⁻⁵³ lau¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /to¹¹⁻⁵³ lau²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ lau²³/

### Verb

倒流
* to flow in the reverse direction
    血液倒流 ― xuèyè dàoliú ― reverse blood flow
    讓時光倒流／让时光倒流 ― ràng shíguāng dàoliú ― to turn back the clock

#### Synonyms

* 反流 (fǎnliú)

#### Derived terms

* 時光倒流／时光倒流
* 時間倒流／时间倒流
* 胃酸倒流 (wèisuān dàoliú)
# 列祖
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lièzǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄗㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lit$^6$ zou$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lie̍t-chú
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lia̍t-chó͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lièzǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄗㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lièzǔ
*** Wade–Giles: lieh$^4$-tsu$^3$
*** Yale: lyè-dzǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liehtzuu
*** Palladius: лецзу (leczu)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lit$^6$ zou$^2$
*** Yale: liht jóu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lit$^9$ dzou$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lid$^6$ zou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːt̚² t͡sou̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lie̍t-chú
*** Hakka Romanization System: lied zu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: liad$^6$ zu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /li̯et̚⁵ t͡su³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍t-chó͘
*** Tâi-lô: lia̍t-tsóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liadzor
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɛt̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛt̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɛt̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛt̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔ⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: ljet tsuX
Rime :
| Character | 列 | 祖 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 薛 (81) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 良辥切 | 則古切 |
| Baxter | ljet | tsuX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇt̚/ | /t͡suo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛt̚/ | /t͡suo$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljæt̚/ | /t͡so$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liat̚/ | /t͡sɔ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /liɛt̚/ | /t͡so$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭɛt̚/ | /t͡su$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /li̯ɛt̚/ | /t͡suo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liè | zǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lit$^6$ | zou$^2$ |

### Noun

列祖
* ancestors; array of ancestors

#### Derived terms

* 列祖列宗 (lièzǔlièzōng)
# 列缺
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lièquē
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄑㄩㄝ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lit$^6$ kyut$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lièquē
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄑㄩㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liècyue
*** Wade–Giles: lieh$^4$-chʻüeh$^1$
*** Yale: lyè-chywē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liehchiue
*** Palladius: лецюэ (lecjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lit$^6$ kyut$^3$
*** Yale: liht kyut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lit$^9$ kyt$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lid$^6$ küd$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːt̚² kʰyːt̚³/
* Middle Chinese: ljet khwet|khjwiet
Rime :
| Character | 列 | 缺 | 缺 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 溪 (29) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 薛 (81) | 屑 (88) | 薛 (82) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 良辥切 | 苦穴切 | 傾雪切 |
| Baxter | ljet | khwet | khjwiet |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇt̚/ | /kʰwet̚/ | /kʰiuᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛt̚/ | /kʰʷet̚/ | /kʰʷiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljæt̚/ | /kʰuɛt̚/ | /kʰjuæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liat̚/ | /kʰwɛt̚/ | /kʰwiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /liɛt̚/ | /kʰuet̚/ | /kʰiuɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭɛt̚/ | /kʰiwet̚/ | /kʰĭuɛt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /li̯ɛt̚/ | /kʰiwet̚/ | /kʰi̯wɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liè | que | que |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lit$^6$ | hyut$^3$ | hyut$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r][e]t Nə-[k]ʷʰˤet/
    (Zhengzhang): /*red kʰʷed|kʰʷeːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 列 | 缺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | liè | quē |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljet › | ‹ khwet › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r][e]t/ | /*Nə-[k]ʷʰˁet/ |
| English | tear apart; rank | break; defective |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 列 | 缺 | 缺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 8128 | 4412 | 4430 |
| Phonetic component | 列 | 夬 | 夬 |
| Rime group | 月 | 月 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 缺 | 闋 |
| Old Chinese | /*red/ | /*kʰʷed/ | /*kʰʷeːd/ |

### Noun

列缺
* (archaic) lightning
* (archaic) crack (in the sky)
* (traditional Chinese medicine) name of an acupoint
# 列表
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lièbiǎo
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄅㄧㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lit$^6$ biu$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lia̍t-pió
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lièbiǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄅㄧㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lièbiǎo
*** Wade–Giles: lieh$^4$-piao$^3$
*** Yale: lyè-byǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liehbeau
*** Palladius: лебяо (lebjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛ⁵¹ pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lit$^6$ biu$^2$
*** Yale: liht bíu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lit$^9$ biu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lid$^6$ biu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːt̚² piːu̯³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍t-pió
*** Tâi-lô: lia̍t-pió
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liadpioir
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɛt̚⁴⁻³² pio⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛt̚²⁴⁻² pio⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pio⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɛt̚⁴⁻³² pio⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛt̚⁴⁻³² piɤ⁴¹/

### Verb

列表
* to tabulate; to enumerate; to list

### Noun

列表
* table; list

#### Derived terms

* 好友列表 (hǎoyǒu lièbiǎo)
* 播放列表 (bōfàng lièbiǎo)
* 郵件列表／邮件列表 (yóujiàn lièbiǎo)
# 元夫
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 元 | 夫 |
| もと Grade: 2 | おっと Grade: 4 |

### Noun

元(もと)夫(おっと) • (moto otto)
* ex-husband

#### Antonyms

* 元妻(もとつま) (mototsuma): ex-wife
* 先妻(せんさい) (sensai): former wife
* 前妻(ぜんさい) (zensai): former wife, often deceased
# 出賣
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chūmài
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨ ㄇㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceot$^1$ maai$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhut-mai
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhut-bōe / chhut-bē
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chūmài
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨ ㄇㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chumài
*** Wade–Giles: chʻu$^1$-mai$^4$
*** Yale: chū-mài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chumay
*** Palladius: чумай (čumaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceot$^1$ maai$^6$
*** Yale: chēut maaih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoet$^7$ maai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêd$^1$ mai$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ maːi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhut-mai
*** Hakka Romanization System: cud$^ˋ$ mai
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cud$^5$ mai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰut̚² mai̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-bōe
*** Tâi-lô: tshut-buē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhutboe
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ bue²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ bue³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ bue⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-bē
*** Tâi-lô: tshut-bē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhutbe
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ be³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ be²²/

### Verb

出賣
* to offer for sale; to sell
** 1902, James Dyer Ball, How to Speak Cantonese, second edition, Hongkong: Kelly & Walsh, pages 198–199:
       hai$^6$ aa$^1$, fo$^2$ seoi$^2$ naa$^4$, sin$^1$ ji$^6$ sap$^6$ nin$^4$ go$^3$ zan$^6$ si$^{4-2}$ bat$^1$ gwo$^3$ jau$^5$ gei$^2$ go$^3$ sai$^1$ jan$^4$ sai$^2$ zek$^1$. ji$^4$ gaa$^1$ naa$^4$, tung$^1$ seng$^4$ dou$^1$ jau$^5$ fo$^2$ seoi$^2$ gung$^6$ fo$^2$ seoi$^2$ dang$^1$ maai$^6$, m$^4$ zi$^2$ seng$^{4-2}$ tim$^1$, hoeng$^1$ haa$^5$ dou$^1$ jau$^5$ dak$^1$ ceot$^1$ maai$^6$ lok$^3$. [Jyutping]
       Yes; kerosene, for instance. Twenty years ago it was only used by a few foreigners in China; and now kerosene and kerosene lamps are for sale all over the city; and not only in the city, but in the country as well.
** 1910, 吳趼人 [Wu Jianren], 二十年目睹之怪現狀 [Bizarre Happenings Eyewitnessed over Two Decades], chapter 73:
       Nǐ hái méiyǒu kànjiàn mǎn jiēshàng tiē de zhāozhǐ, hái yǒu chūmài fùkē jué yùn dān de ne, nà gèng shì mǐhuàn yú wúxíng de shànfǎ le. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (derogatory) to sell out; to betray

#### Synonyms

* (to offer for sale):
* 出售 (chūshòu)
* 售 (shòu)
* 售出 (shòuchū)
* 售賣／售卖 (shòumài)
* 經銷／经销 (jīngxiāo) (to sell on consignment)
* 賣／卖 (mài)
* 賣出／卖出 (màichū)
* 銷／销 (xiāo)
* 銷售／销售 (xiāoshòu)
* 鬻 (Classical Chinese)
* (to betray):
* 反逆 (fǎnnì)
* 叛逆 (pànnì)
* 背叛 (bèipàn)
* 變節／变节 (biànjié)
* 貳／贰 (èr) (literary, or in compounds)
# 艱難竭蹶
## Chinese

| | | hard; difficult; challenging | destitute; impoverished |
| trad. (艱難竭蹶) | trad. (艱難竭蹶) | 艱難 | 竭蹶 |
| simp. (艰难竭蹶) | simp. (艰难竭蹶) | 艰难 | 竭蹶 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiānnánjiéjué
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiānnánjiéjué
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiannánjiéjyué
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^1$-nan$^2$-chieh$^2$-chüeh$^2$
*** Yale: jyān-nán-jyé-jywé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiannanjyejyue
*** Palladius: цзяньнаньцзецзюэ (czjanʹnanʹczeczjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

### Idiom

艱難竭蹶
* hardship and destitution
# 艱險
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiānxiǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan$^1$ him$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kan-hiám / kian-hiám
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiānxiǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiansiǎn
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^1$-hsien$^3$
*** Yale: jyān-syǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianshean
*** Palladius: цзяньсянь (czjanʹsjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$奸險 艱險／艰险
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaan$^1$ him$^2$
*** Yale: gāan hím
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaan$^1$ him$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gan$^1$ him$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːn⁵⁵ hiːm³⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$奸險 艱險／艰险
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-hiám
*** Tâi-lô: kan-hiám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kanhiarm
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² hiam⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ hiam⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian-hiám
*** Tâi-lô: kian-hiám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kienhiarm
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hiam⁵³/

### Adjective

艱險
* difficult and dangerous

### Noun

艱險
* hardships and perils

#### Derived terms

* 歷盡艱險／历尽艰险
# 催馬楽
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 催 | 馬 | 楽 |
| さい Grade: S | ば Grade: 2 | ら Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |||
* Alternative spelling
* 催馬樂 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さいばら [sàíbárá] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) さいばら [sáꜜìbàrà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sa̠iba̠ɾa̠]

### Noun

催(さい)馬(ば)楽(ら) • (saibara)
* saibara (Heian-era genre of vocal music)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# 傭う
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 傭
* Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi

### Verb

傭(やと)う • (yatou) transitive godan (stem 傭(やと)い (yatoi), past 傭(やと)った (yatotta))
* Alternative form of 雇う
** 1906, Natsume Sōseki, Botchan‎:
    それから車(くるま)を傭(やと)って、中(ちゅう)学(がっ)校(こう)へ来(き)たら、もう放(ほう)課(か)後(ご)で誰(だれ)も居(い)ない。
       Sore kara kuruma o yatotte, chūgakkō e kitara, mō hōkago de dare mo inai.
       I then hired a rickshaw and arrived at the middle school, but school was already over and nobody was there.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 傭わ | やとわ | yatowa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 傭い | やとい | yatoi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 傭う | やとう | yatou |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 傭う | やとう | yatou |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 傭え | やとえ | yatoe |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 傭え | やとえ | yatoe |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 傭われる | やとわれる | yatowareru |
| Causative | 傭わせる 傭わす | やとわせる やとわす | yatowaseru yatowasu |
| Potential | 傭える | やとえる | yatoeru |
| Volitional | 傭おう | やとおう | yatoō |
| Negative | 傭わない | やとわない | yatowanai |
| Negative continuative | 傭わず | やとわず | yatowazu |
| Formal | 傭います | やといます | yatoimasu |
| Perfective | 傭った | やとった | yatotta |
| Conjunctive | 傭って | やとって | yatotte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 傭えば | やとえば | yatoeba |