# ὥστε
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ὡς (hōs, “as”) + τε (te, “and”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɔ̌ːs.te/ → /ˈos.te/ → /ˈos.te/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hɔ̌ːs.te/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈ(h)os.te/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈos.te/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈos.te/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈos.te/

### Adverb

ὥστε • (hṓste)
* (chiefly Epic, used in similes, similarly to ὡς (hōs))
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.459
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.23
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.474
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.68
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.428
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 22.302
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.136–139
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.518
** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 452
* (to mark the power or virtue by which one does a thing) as
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.381
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.423
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.8, (compare 5.35, 5.83)

### Conjunction

ὥστε • (hṓste)
* (to express the actual or intended result, the effect)
** (mostly with the infinitive)
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.42
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.21
*** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 44
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.96
*** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 9.113
*** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 5.2.64
*** 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 1327
*** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 656
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.17
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.13
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.2.4
*** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 595
*** (after comparatives with ἤ (ḗ), when the possibility of consequence is denied)
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.5.17
**** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1293
**** 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 1107
**** 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 230
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.13.3
**** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 314B
**** 425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 80
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.109
**** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.61
*** (used with infinitive, of contingencies which may be more or less improbable)
**** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.49, (compare Sophocles, Oedipus the King 374)
*** (sometimes) on the condition that
**** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.37, (compare Xenophon, Anabasis 5.6.26)
** (with the indicative, to express the actual result with emphasis)
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.120
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.12
*** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 82, (compare Oedipus the King 533)
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.9.28
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.2.3
*** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 271
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.6
*** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Agesilaus 1.26
*** (at the beginning of a sentence, to mark a strong conclusion) therefore, consequently
**** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 75
**** 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 65
**** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1172
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.3.18
**** 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Philippic 70
**** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 2.3.13
*** (with the optative, to express a supposed consequence)
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.1.9
**** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 1.13
**** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.16
**** 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 379, (compare Sophocles, Oedipus the King )
** (with the participle instead of the infinitive, by a sort of attraction, after a participle in the principal clause)
*** 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 53D
*** 4th century BC, Isaeus, Collected Works 76.19
*** 349 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Olynthiac 1

### References

* “ὥστε”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ὥστε”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ὥστε”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ὥστε in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* “ὥστε”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G5620 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. as idem, page 42.condition idem, page 157.far idem, page 306.like idem, page 491.on idem, page 573.prepare idem, page 635.provide idem, page 654.proviso idem, page 655.reservation idem, page 701.so idem, page 790.tear idem, page 859.that idem, page 863.