# hlangana
## Fanagalo
### Etymology

From Zulu -hlangana, from Proto-Bantu *-càngana.

### Verb

hlangana
* to meet

## Northern Ndebele
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-càngana.

### Verb

-hlángana
* to meet

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Swazi
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-càngana.

### Verb

-hlángana
* to meet

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Xhosa
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-càngana.

### Verb

-hlángana
* to meet

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-càngana.

### Verb

-hlangana
* (intransitive) to meet, to come together
* (intransitive) to assemble
* (intransitive) to combine
* (intransitive) to unite
* (intransitive) to mix

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuhlangana |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuhlangana | ukungahlangani |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | hlangana | -hlangane |
| Plural | hlanganani | -hlanganeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyahlangana, ngihlangana | engihlanganayo, engihlangana | ngihlangana | angihlangani | engingahlangani | ngingahlangani |
| 2nd singular | uyahlangana, uhlangana | ohlanganayo, ohlangana | uhlangana | awuhlangani | ongahlangani | ungahlangani |
| 1st plural | siyahlangana, sihlangana | esihlanganayo, esihlangana | sihlangana | asihlangani | esingahlangani | singahlangani |
| 2nd plural | niyahlangana, nihlangana | enihlanganayo, enihlangana | nihlangana | anihlangani | eningahlangani | ningahlangani |
| Class 1 | uyahlangana, uhlangana | ohlanganayo, ohlangana | ehlangana | akahlangani | ongahlangani | engahlangani |
| Class 2 | bayahlangana, bahlangana | abahlanganayo, abahlangana | behlangana | abahlangani | abangahlangani | bengahlangani |
| Class 3 | uyahlangana, uhlangana | ohlanganayo, ohlangana | uhlangana | awuhlangani | ongahlangani | ungahlangani |
| Class 4 | iyahlangana, ihlangana | ehlanganayo, ehlangana | ihlangana | ayihlangani | engahlangani | ingahlangani |
| Class 5 | liyahlangana, lihlangana | elihlanganayo, elihlangana | lihlangana | alihlangani | elingahlangani | lingahlangani |
| Class 6 | ayahlangana, ahlangana | ahlanganayo, ahlangana | ehlangana | awahlangani | angahlangani | engahlangani |
| Class 7 | siyahlangana, sihlangana | esihlanganayo, esihlangana | sihlangana | asihlangani | esingahlangani | singahlangani |
| Class 8 | ziyahlangana, zihlangana | ezihlanganayo, ezihlangana | zihlangana | azihlangani | ezingahlangani | zingahlangani |
| Class 9 | iyahlangana, ihlangana | ehlanganayo, ehlangana | ihlangana | ayihlangani | engahlangani | ingahlangani |
| Class 10 | ziyahlangana, zihlangana | ezihlanganayo, ezihlangana | zihlangana | azihlangani | ezingahlangani | zingahlangani |
| Class 11 | luyahlangana, luhlangana | oluhlanganayo, oluhlangana | luhlangana | aluhlangani | olungahlangani | lungahlangani |
| Class 14 | buyahlangana, buhlangana | obuhlanganayo, obuhlangana | buhlangana | abuhlangani | obungahlangani | bungahlangani |
| Class 15 | kuyahlangana, kuhlangana | okuhlanganayo, okuhlangana | kuhlangana | akuhlangani | okungahlangani | kungahlangani |
| Class 17 | kuyahlangana, kuhlangana | okuhlanganayo, okuhlangana | kuhlangana | akuhlangani | okungahlangani | kungahlangani |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngihlanganile, ngihlanganē | engihlanganile, engihlanganē | ngihlanganile, ngihlanganē | angihlangananga | engingahlangananga | ngingahlangananga |
| 2nd singular | uhlanganile, uhlanganē | ohlanganile, ohlanganē | uhlanganile, uhlanganē | awuhlangananga | ongahlangananga | ungahlangananga |
| 1st plural | sihlanganile, sihlanganē | esihlanganile, esihlanganē | sihlanganile, sihlanganē | asihlangananga | esingahlangananga | singahlangananga |
| 2nd plural | nihlanganile, nihlanganē | enihlanganile, enihlanganē | nihlanganile, nihlanganē | anihlangananga | eningahlangananga | ningahlangananga |
| Class 1 | uhlanganile, uhlanganē | ohlanganile, ohlanganē | ehlanganile, ehlanganē | akahlangananga | ongahlangananga | engahlangananga |
| Class 2 | bahlanganile, bahlanganē | abahlanganile, abahlanganē | behlanganile, behlanganē | abahlangananga | abangahlangananga | bengahlangananga |
| Class 3 | uhlanganile, uhlanganē | ohlanganile, ohlanganē | uhlanganile, uhlanganē | awuhlangananga | ongahlangananga | ungahlangananga |
| Class 4 | ihlanganile, ihlanganē | ehlanganile, ehlanganē | ihlanganile, ihlanganē | ayihlangananga | engahlangananga | ingahlangananga |
| Class 5 | lihlanganile, lihlanganē | elihlanganile, elihlanganē | lihlanganile, lihlanganē | alihlangananga | elingahlangananga | lingahlangananga |
| Class 6 | ahlanganile, ahlanganē | ahlanganile, ahlanganē | ehlanganile, ehlanganē | awahlangananga | angahlangananga | engahlangananga |
| Class 7 | sihlanganile, sihlanganē | esihlanganile, esihlanganē | sihlanganile, sihlanganē | asihlangananga | esingahlangananga | singahlangananga |
| Class 8 | zihlanganile, zihlanganē | ezihlanganile, ezihlanganē | zihlanganile, zihlanganē | azihlangananga | ezingahlangananga | zingahlangananga |
| Class 9 | ihlanganile, ihlanganē | ehlanganile, ehlanganē | ihlanganile, ihlanganē | ayihlangananga | engahlangananga | ingahlangananga |
| Class 10 | zihlanganile, zihlanganē | ezihlanganile, ezihlanganē | zihlanganile, zihlanganē | azihlangananga | ezingahlangananga | zingahlangananga |
| Class 11 | luhlanganile, luhlanganē | oluhlanganile, oluhlanganē | luhlanganile, luhlanganē | aluhlangananga | olungahlangananga | lungahlangananga |
| Class 14 | buhlanganile, buhlanganē | obuhlanganile, obuhlanganē | buhlanganile, buhlanganē | abuhlangananga | obungahlangananga | bungahlangananga |
| Class 15 | kuhlanganile, kuhlanganē | okuhlanganile, okuhlanganē | kuhlanganile, kuhlanganē | akuhlangananga | okungahlangananga | kungahlangananga |
| Class 17 | kuhlanganile, kuhlanganē | okuhlanganile, okuhlanganē | kuhlanganile, kuhlanganē | akuhlangananga | okungahlangananga | kungahlangananga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāhlangana | engāhlangana | ngāhlangana | angihlangananga | engingahlangananga | ngingahlangananga |
| 2nd singular | wāhlangana | owāhlangana | wāhlangana | awuhlangananga | ongahlangananga | ungahlangananga |
| 1st plural | sāhlangana | esāhlangana | sāhlangana | asihlangananga | esingahlangananga | singahlangananga |
| 2nd plural | nāhlangana | enāhlangana | nāhlangana | anihlangananga | eningahlangananga | ningahlangananga |
| Class 1 | wāhlangana | owāhlangana | āhlangana | akahlangananga | ongahlangananga | engahlangananga |
| Class 2 | bāhlangana | abāhlangana | bāhlangana | abahlangananga | abangahlangananga | bengahlangananga |
| Class 3 | wāhlangana | owāhlangana | wāhlangana | awuhlangananga | ongahlangananga | ungahlangananga |
| Class 4 | yāhlangana | eyāhlangana | yāhlangana | ayihlangananga | engahlangananga | ingahlangananga |
| Class 5 | lāhlangana | elāhlangana | lāhlangana | alihlangananga | elingahlangananga | lingahlangananga |
| Class 6 | āhlangana | āhlangana | āhlangana | awahlangananga | angahlangananga | engahlangananga |
| Class 7 | sāhlangana | esāhlangana | sāhlangana | asihlangananga | esingahlangananga | singahlangananga |
| Class 8 | zāhlangana | ezāhlangana | zāhlangana | azihlangananga | ezingahlangananga | zingahlangananga |
| Class 9 | yāhlangana | eyāhlangana | yāhlangana | ayihlangananga | engahlangananga | ingahlangananga |
| Class 10 | zāhlangana | ezāhlangana | zāhlangana | azihlangananga | ezingahlangananga | zingahlangananga |
| Class 11 | lwāhlangana | olwāhlangana | lwāhlangana | aluhlangananga | olungahlangananga | lungahlangananga |
| Class 14 | bāhlangana | obāhlangana | bāhlangana | abuhlangananga | obungahlangananga | bungahlangananga |
| Class 15 | kwāhlangana | okwāhlangana | kwāhlangana | akuhlangananga | okungahlangananga | kungahlangananga |
| Class 17 | kwāhlangana | okwāhlangana | kwāhlangana | akuhlangananga | okungahlangananga | kungahlangananga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingahlangana | — | ngingahlangana | ngingehlangane | — | ngingehlangane |
| 2nd singular | ungahlangana | — | ungahlangana | ungehlangane | — | ungehlangane |
| 1st plural | singahlangana | — | singahlangana | singehlangane | — | singehlangane |
| 2nd plural | ningahlangana | — | ningahlangana | ningehlangane | — | ningehlangane |
| Class 1 | angahlangana | — | engahlangana | angehlangane | — | engehlangane |
| Class 2 | bangahlangana | — | bengahlangana | bangehlangane | — | bengehlangane |
| Class 3 | ungahlangana | — | ungahlangana | ungehlangane | — | ungehlangane |
| Class 4 | ingahlangana | — | ingahlangana | ingehlangane | — | ingehlangane |
| Class 5 | lingahlangana | — | lingahlangana | lingehlangane | — | lingehlangane |
| Class 6 | angahlangana | — | engahlangana | angehlangane | — | engehlangane |
| Class 7 | singahlangana | — | singahlangana | singehlangane | — | singehlangane |
| Class 8 | zingahlangana | — | zingahlangana | zingehlangane | — | zingehlangane |
| Class 9 | ingahlangana | — | ingahlangana | ingehlangane | — | ingehlangane |
| Class 10 | zingahlangana | — | zingahlangana | zingehlangane | — | zingehlangane |
| Class 11 | lungahlangana | — | lungahlangana | lungehlangane | — | lungehlangane |
| Class 14 | bungahlangana | — | bungahlangana | bungehlangane | — | bungehlangane |
| Class 15 | kungahlangana | — | kungahlangana | kungehlangane | — | kungehlangane |
| Class 17 | kungahlangana | — | kungahlangana | kungehlangane | — | kungehlangane |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizohlangana | engizohlangana | ngizohlangana | angizuhlangana | engingezuhlangana | ngingezuhlangana |
| 2nd singular | uzohlangana | ozohlangana | uzohlangana | awuzuhlangana | ongezuhlangana | ungezuhlangana |
| 1st plural | sizohlangana | esizohlangana | sizohlangana | asizuhlangana | esingezuhlangana | singezuhlangana |
| 2nd plural | nizohlangana | enizohlangana | nizohlangana | anizuhlangana | eningezuhlangana | ningezuhlangana |
| Class 1 | uzohlangana | ozohlangana | ezohlangana | akazuhlangana | ongezuhlangana | engezuhlangana |
| Class 2 | bazohlangana | abazohlangana | bezohlangana | abazuhlangana | abangezuhlangana | bengezuhlangana |
| Class 3 | uzohlangana | ozohlangana | uzohlangana | awuzuhlangana | ongezuhlangana | ungezuhlangana |
| Class 4 | izohlangana | ezohlangana | izohlangana | ayizuhlangana | engezuhlangana | ingezuhlangana |
| Class 5 | lizohlangana | elizohlangana | lizohlangana | alizuhlangana | elingezuhlangana | lingezuhlangana |
| Class 6 | azohlangana | azohlangana | ezohlangana | awazuhlangana | angezuhlangana | engezuhlangana |
| Class 7 | sizohlangana | esizohlangana | sizohlangana | asizuhlangana | esingezuhlangana | singezuhlangana |
| Class 8 | zizohlangana | ezizohlangana | zizohlangana | azizuhlangana | ezingezuhlangana | zingezuhlangana |
| Class 9 | izohlangana | ezohlangana | izohlangana | ayizuhlangana | engezuhlangana | ingezuhlangana |
| Class 10 | zizohlangana | ezizohlangana | zizohlangana | azizuhlangana | ezingezuhlangana | zingezuhlangana |
| Class 11 | luzohlangana | oluzohlangana | luzohlangana | aluzuhlangana | olungezuhlangana | lungezuhlangana |
| Class 14 | buzohlangana | obuzohlangana | buzohlangana | abuzuhlangana | obungezuhlangana | bungezuhlangana |
| Class 15 | kuzohlangana | okuzohlangana | kuzohlangana | akuzuhlangana | okungezuhlangana | kungezuhlangana |
| Class 17 | kuzohlangana | okuzohlangana | kuzohlangana | akuzuhlangana | okungezuhlangana | kungezuhlangana |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyohlangana | engiyohlangana | ngiyohlangana | angiyuhlangana | engingeyuhlangana | ngingeyuhlangana |
| 2nd singular | uyohlangana | oyohlangana | uyohlangana | awuyuhlangana | ongeyuhlangana | ungeyuhlangana |
| 1st plural | siyohlangana | esiyohlangana | siyohlangana | asiyuhlangana | esingeyuhlangana | singeyuhlangana |
| 2nd plural | niyohlangana | eniyohlangana | niyohlangana | aniyuhlangana | eningeyuhlangana | ningeyuhlangana |
| Class 1 | uyohlangana | oyohlangana | eyohlangana | akayuhlangana | ongeyuhlangana | engeyuhlangana |
| Class 2 | bayohlangana | abayohlangana | beyohlangana | abayuhlangana | abangeyuhlangana | bengeyuhlangana |
| Class 3 | uyohlangana | oyohlangana | uyohlangana | awuyuhlangana | ongeyuhlangana | ungeyuhlangana |
| Class 4 | iyohlangana | eyohlangana | iyohlangana | ayiyuhlangana | engeyuhlangana | ingeyuhlangana |
| Class 5 | liyohlangana | eliyohlangana | liyohlangana | aliyuhlangana | elingeyuhlangana | lingeyuhlangana |
| Class 6 | ayohlangana | ayohlangana | eyohlangana | awayuhlangana | angeyuhlangana | engeyuhlangana |
| Class 7 | siyohlangana | esiyohlangana | siyohlangana | asiyuhlangana | esingeyuhlangana | singeyuhlangana |
| Class 8 | ziyohlangana | eziyohlangana | ziyohlangana | aziyuhlangana | ezingeyuhlangana | zingeyuhlangana |
| Class 9 | iyohlangana | eyohlangana | iyohlangana | ayiyuhlangana | engeyuhlangana | ingeyuhlangana |
| Class 10 | ziyohlangana | eziyohlangana | ziyohlangana | aziyuhlangana | ezingeyuhlangana | zingeyuhlangana |
| Class 11 | luyohlangana | oluyohlangana | luyohlangana | aluyuhlangana | olungeyuhlangana | lungeyuhlangana |
| Class 14 | buyohlangana | obuyohlangana | buyohlangana | abuyuhlangana | obungeyuhlangana | bungeyuhlangana |
| Class 15 | kuyohlangana | okuyohlangana | kuyohlangana | akuyuhlangana | okungeyuhlangana | kungeyuhlangana |
| Class 17 | kuyohlangana | okuyohlangana | kuyohlangana | akuyuhlangana | okungeyuhlangana | kungeyuhlangana |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngihlangane | ngingahlangani |
| 2nd singular | uhlangane | ungahlangani |
| 1st plural | sihlangane | singahlangani |
| 2nd plural | nihlangane | ningahlangani |
| Class 1 | ahlangane | angahlangani |
| Class 2 | bahlangane | bangahlangani |
| Class 3 | uhlangane | ungahlangani |
| Class 4 | ihlangane | ingahlangani |
| Class 5 | lihlangane | lingahlangani |
| Class 6 | ahlangane | angahlangani |
| Class 7 | sihlangane | singahlangani |
| Class 8 | zihlangane | zingahlangani |
| Class 9 | ihlangane | ingahlangani |
| Class 10 | zihlangane | zingahlangani |
| Class 11 | luhlangane | lungahlangani |
| Class 14 | buhlangane | bungahlangani |
| Class 15 | kuhlangane | kungahlangani |
| Class 17 | kuhlangane | kungahlangani |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngahlangana | ngangahlangana, angahlangana, angangahlangana |
| 2nd singular | wahlangana | wangahlangana, awahlangana, awangahlangana |
| 1st plural | sahlangana | sangahlangana, asahlangana, asangahlangana |
| 2nd plural | nahlangana | nangahlangana, anahlangana, anangahlangana |
| Class 1 | wahlangana | wangahlangana, akahlangana, akangahlangana |
| Class 2 | bahlangana | bangahlangana, abahlangana, abangahlangana |
| Class 3 | wahlangana | wangahlangana, awahlangana, awangahlangana |
| Class 4 | yahlangana | yangahlangana, ayahlangana, ayangahlangana |
| Class 5 | lahlangana | langahlangana, alahlangana, alangahlangana |
| Class 6 | ahlangana | angahlangana, awahlangana, awangahlangana |
| Class 7 | sahlangana | sangahlangana, asahlangana, asangahlangana |
| Class 8 | zahlangana | zangahlangana, azahlangana, azangahlangana |
| Class 9 | yahlangana | yangahlangana, ayahlangana, ayangahlangana |
| Class 10 | zahlangana | zangahlangana, azahlangana, azangahlangana |
| Class 11 | lwahlangana | lwangahlangana, alwahlangana, alwangahlangana |
| Class 14 | bahlangana | bangahlangana, abahlangana, abangahlangana |
| Class 15 | kwahlangana | kwangahlangana, akwahlangana, akwangahlangana |
| Class 17 | kwahlangana | kwangahlangana, akwahlangana, akwangahlangana |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “hlangana”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hlangana (3.2.9)”