# qinisela
## Xhosa
### Etymology

From -qinisa +‎ -ela.

### Verb

-qinisela$^?$
* (transitive) to certify

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

From -qinisa +‎ -ela.

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǃiniséːla/

### Verb

-qiniséla
* (transitive) to persevere, to persist, to hold out

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuqinisela |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqinisela | ukungaqiniseli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qinisela | -qinisele |
| Plural | qiniselani | -qiniseleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqinisela, ngiqinisela | engiqiniselayo, engiqinisela | ngiqinisela | angiqiniseli | engingaqiniseli | ngingaqiniseli |
| 2nd singular | uyaqinisela, uqinisela | oqiniselayo, oqinisela | uqinisela | awuqiniseli | ongaqiniseli | ungaqiniseli |
| 1st plural | siyaqinisela, siqinisela | esiqiniselayo, esiqinisela | siqinisela | asiqiniseli | esingaqiniseli | singaqiniseli |
| 2nd plural | niyaqinisela, niqinisela | eniqiniselayo, eniqinisela | niqinisela | aniqiniseli | eningaqiniseli | ningaqiniseli |
| Class 1 | uyaqinisela, uqinisela | oqiniselayo, oqinisela | eqinisela | akaqiniseli | ongaqiniseli | engaqiniseli |
| Class 2 | bayaqinisela, baqinisela | abaqiniselayo, abaqinisela | beqinisela | abaqiniseli | abangaqiniseli | bengaqiniseli |
| Class 3 | uyaqinisela, uqinisela | oqiniselayo, oqinisela | uqinisela | awuqiniseli | ongaqiniseli | ungaqiniseli |
| Class 4 | iyaqinisela, iqinisela | eqiniselayo, eqinisela | iqinisela | ayiqiniseli | engaqiniseli | ingaqiniseli |
| Class 5 | liyaqinisela, liqinisela | eliqiniselayo, eliqinisela | liqinisela | aliqiniseli | elingaqiniseli | lingaqiniseli |
| Class 6 | ayaqinisela, aqinisela | aqiniselayo, aqinisela | eqinisela | awaqiniseli | angaqiniseli | engaqiniseli |
| Class 7 | siyaqinisela, siqinisela | esiqiniselayo, esiqinisela | siqinisela | asiqiniseli | esingaqiniseli | singaqiniseli |
| Class 8 | ziyaqinisela, ziqinisela | eziqiniselayo, eziqinisela | ziqinisela | aziqiniseli | ezingaqiniseli | zingaqiniseli |
| Class 9 | iyaqinisela, iqinisela | eqiniselayo, eqinisela | iqinisela | ayiqiniseli | engaqiniseli | ingaqiniseli |
| Class 10 | ziyaqinisela, ziqinisela | eziqiniselayo, eziqinisela | ziqinisela | aziqiniseli | ezingaqiniseli | zingaqiniseli |
| Class 11 | luyaqinisela, luqinisela | oluqiniselayo, oluqinisela | luqinisela | aluqiniseli | olungaqiniseli | lungaqiniseli |
| Class 14 | buyaqinisela, buqinisela | obuqiniselayo, obuqinisela | buqinisela | abuqiniseli | obungaqiniseli | bungaqiniseli |
| Class 15 | kuyaqinisela, kuqinisela | okuqiniselayo, okuqinisela | kuqinisela | akuqiniseli | okungaqiniseli | kungaqiniseli |
| Class 17 | kuyaqinisela, kuqinisela | okuqiniselayo, okuqinisela | kuqinisela | akuqiniseli | okungaqiniseli | kungaqiniseli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqiniselile, ngiqiniselē | engiqiniselile, engiqiniselē | ngiqiniselile, ngiqiniselē | angiqiniselanga | engingaqiniselanga | ngingaqiniselanga |
| 2nd singular | uqiniselile, uqiniselē | oqiniselile, oqiniselē | uqiniselile, uqiniselē | awuqiniselanga | ongaqiniselanga | ungaqiniselanga |
| 1st plural | siqiniselile, siqiniselē | esiqiniselile, esiqiniselē | siqiniselile, siqiniselē | asiqiniselanga | esingaqiniselanga | singaqiniselanga |
| 2nd plural | niqiniselile, niqiniselē | eniqiniselile, eniqiniselē | niqiniselile, niqiniselē | aniqiniselanga | eningaqiniselanga | ningaqiniselanga |
| Class 1 | uqiniselile, uqiniselē | oqiniselile, oqiniselē | eqiniselile, eqiniselē | akaqiniselanga | ongaqiniselanga | engaqiniselanga |
| Class 2 | baqiniselile, baqiniselē | abaqiniselile, abaqiniselē | beqiniselile, beqiniselē | abaqiniselanga | abangaqiniselanga | bengaqiniselanga |
| Class 3 | uqiniselile, uqiniselē | oqiniselile, oqiniselē | uqiniselile, uqiniselē | awuqiniselanga | ongaqiniselanga | ungaqiniselanga |
| Class 4 | iqiniselile, iqiniselē | eqiniselile, eqiniselē | iqiniselile, iqiniselē | ayiqiniselanga | engaqiniselanga | ingaqiniselanga |
| Class 5 | liqiniselile, liqiniselē | eliqiniselile, eliqiniselē | liqiniselile, liqiniselē | aliqiniselanga | elingaqiniselanga | lingaqiniselanga |
| Class 6 | aqiniselile, aqiniselē | aqiniselile, aqiniselē | eqiniselile, eqiniselē | awaqiniselanga | angaqiniselanga | engaqiniselanga |
| Class 7 | siqiniselile, siqiniselē | esiqiniselile, esiqiniselē | siqiniselile, siqiniselē | asiqiniselanga | esingaqiniselanga | singaqiniselanga |
| Class 8 | ziqiniselile, ziqiniselē | eziqiniselile, eziqiniselē | ziqiniselile, ziqiniselē | aziqiniselanga | ezingaqiniselanga | zingaqiniselanga |
| Class 9 | iqiniselile, iqiniselē | eqiniselile, eqiniselē | iqiniselile, iqiniselē | ayiqiniselanga | engaqiniselanga | ingaqiniselanga |
| Class 10 | ziqiniselile, ziqiniselē | eziqiniselile, eziqiniselē | ziqiniselile, ziqiniselē | aziqiniselanga | ezingaqiniselanga | zingaqiniselanga |
| Class 11 | luqiniselile, luqiniselē | oluqiniselile, oluqiniselē | luqiniselile, luqiniselē | aluqiniselanga | olungaqiniselanga | lungaqiniselanga |
| Class 14 | buqiniselile, buqiniselē | obuqiniselile, obuqiniselē | buqiniselile, buqiniselē | abuqiniselanga | obungaqiniselanga | bungaqiniselanga |
| Class 15 | kuqiniselile, kuqiniselē | okuqiniselile, okuqiniselē | kuqiniselile, kuqiniselē | akuqiniselanga | okungaqiniselanga | kungaqiniselanga |
| Class 17 | kuqiniselile, kuqiniselē | okuqiniselile, okuqiniselē | kuqiniselile, kuqiniselē | akuqiniselanga | okungaqiniselanga | kungaqiniselanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqinisela | engāqinisela | ngāqinisela | angiqiniselanga | engingaqiniselanga | ngingaqiniselanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqinisela | owāqinisela | wāqinisela | awuqiniselanga | ongaqiniselanga | ungaqiniselanga |
| 1st plural | sāqinisela | esāqinisela | sāqinisela | asiqiniselanga | esingaqiniselanga | singaqiniselanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqinisela | enāqinisela | nāqinisela | aniqiniselanga | eningaqiniselanga | ningaqiniselanga |
| Class 1 | wāqinisela | owāqinisela | āqinisela | akaqiniselanga | ongaqiniselanga | engaqiniselanga |
| Class 2 | bāqinisela | abāqinisela | bāqinisela | abaqiniselanga | abangaqiniselanga | bengaqiniselanga |
| Class 3 | wāqinisela | owāqinisela | wāqinisela | awuqiniselanga | ongaqiniselanga | ungaqiniselanga |
| Class 4 | yāqinisela | eyāqinisela | yāqinisela | ayiqiniselanga | engaqiniselanga | ingaqiniselanga |
| Class 5 | lāqinisela | elāqinisela | lāqinisela | aliqiniselanga | elingaqiniselanga | lingaqiniselanga |
| Class 6 | āqinisela | āqinisela | āqinisela | awaqiniselanga | angaqiniselanga | engaqiniselanga |
| Class 7 | sāqinisela | esāqinisela | sāqinisela | asiqiniselanga | esingaqiniselanga | singaqiniselanga |
| Class 8 | zāqinisela | ezāqinisela | zāqinisela | aziqiniselanga | ezingaqiniselanga | zingaqiniselanga |
| Class 9 | yāqinisela | eyāqinisela | yāqinisela | ayiqiniselanga | engaqiniselanga | ingaqiniselanga |
| Class 10 | zāqinisela | ezāqinisela | zāqinisela | aziqiniselanga | ezingaqiniselanga | zingaqiniselanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqinisela | olwāqinisela | lwāqinisela | aluqiniselanga | olungaqiniselanga | lungaqiniselanga |
| Class 14 | bāqinisela | obāqinisela | bāqinisela | abuqiniselanga | obungaqiniselanga | bungaqiniselanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqinisela | okwāqinisela | kwāqinisela | akuqiniselanga | okungaqiniselanga | kungaqiniselanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqinisela | okwāqinisela | kwāqinisela | akuqiniselanga | okungaqiniselanga | kungaqiniselanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqinisela | — | ngingaqinisela | ngingeqinisele | — | ngingeqinisele |
| 2nd singular | ungaqinisela | — | ungaqinisela | ungeqinisele | — | ungeqinisele |
| 1st plural | singaqinisela | — | singaqinisela | singeqinisele | — | singeqinisele |
| 2nd plural | ningaqinisela | — | ningaqinisela | ningeqinisele | — | ningeqinisele |
| Class 1 | angaqinisela | — | engaqinisela | angeqinisele | — | engeqinisele |
| Class 2 | bangaqinisela | — | bengaqinisela | bangeqinisele | — | bengeqinisele |
| Class 3 | ungaqinisela | — | ungaqinisela | ungeqinisele | — | ungeqinisele |
| Class 4 | ingaqinisela | — | ingaqinisela | ingeqinisele | — | ingeqinisele |
| Class 5 | lingaqinisela | — | lingaqinisela | lingeqinisele | — | lingeqinisele |
| Class 6 | angaqinisela | — | engaqinisela | angeqinisele | — | engeqinisele |
| Class 7 | singaqinisela | — | singaqinisela | singeqinisele | — | singeqinisele |
| Class 8 | zingaqinisela | — | zingaqinisela | zingeqinisele | — | zingeqinisele |
| Class 9 | ingaqinisela | — | ingaqinisela | ingeqinisele | — | ingeqinisele |
| Class 10 | zingaqinisela | — | zingaqinisela | zingeqinisele | — | zingeqinisele |
| Class 11 | lungaqinisela | — | lungaqinisela | lungeqinisele | — | lungeqinisele |
| Class 14 | bungaqinisela | — | bungaqinisela | bungeqinisele | — | bungeqinisele |
| Class 15 | kungaqinisela | — | kungaqinisela | kungeqinisele | — | kungeqinisele |
| Class 17 | kungaqinisela | — | kungaqinisela | kungeqinisele | — | kungeqinisele |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqinisela | engizoqinisela | ngizoqinisela | angizuqinisela | engingezuqinisela | ngingezuqinisela |
| 2nd singular | uzoqinisela | ozoqinisela | uzoqinisela | awuzuqinisela | ongezuqinisela | ungezuqinisela |
| 1st plural | sizoqinisela | esizoqinisela | sizoqinisela | asizuqinisela | esingezuqinisela | singezuqinisela |
| 2nd plural | nizoqinisela | enizoqinisela | nizoqinisela | anizuqinisela | eningezuqinisela | ningezuqinisela |
| Class 1 | uzoqinisela | ozoqinisela | ezoqinisela | akazuqinisela | ongezuqinisela | engezuqinisela |
| Class 2 | bazoqinisela | abazoqinisela | bezoqinisela | abazuqinisela | abangezuqinisela | bengezuqinisela |
| Class 3 | uzoqinisela | ozoqinisela | uzoqinisela | awuzuqinisela | ongezuqinisela | ungezuqinisela |
| Class 4 | izoqinisela | ezoqinisela | izoqinisela | ayizuqinisela | engezuqinisela | ingezuqinisela |
| Class 5 | lizoqinisela | elizoqinisela | lizoqinisela | alizuqinisela | elingezuqinisela | lingezuqinisela |
| Class 6 | azoqinisela | azoqinisela | ezoqinisela | awazuqinisela | angezuqinisela | engezuqinisela |
| Class 7 | sizoqinisela | esizoqinisela | sizoqinisela | asizuqinisela | esingezuqinisela | singezuqinisela |
| Class 8 | zizoqinisela | ezizoqinisela | zizoqinisela | azizuqinisela | ezingezuqinisela | zingezuqinisela |
| Class 9 | izoqinisela | ezoqinisela | izoqinisela | ayizuqinisela | engezuqinisela | ingezuqinisela |
| Class 10 | zizoqinisela | ezizoqinisela | zizoqinisela | azizuqinisela | ezingezuqinisela | zingezuqinisela |
| Class 11 | luzoqinisela | oluzoqinisela | luzoqinisela | aluzuqinisela | olungezuqinisela | lungezuqinisela |
| Class 14 | buzoqinisela | obuzoqinisela | buzoqinisela | abuzuqinisela | obungezuqinisela | bungezuqinisela |
| Class 15 | kuzoqinisela | okuzoqinisela | kuzoqinisela | akuzuqinisela | okungezuqinisela | kungezuqinisela |
| Class 17 | kuzoqinisela | okuzoqinisela | kuzoqinisela | akuzuqinisela | okungezuqinisela | kungezuqinisela |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqinisela | engiyoqinisela | ngiyoqinisela | angiyuqinisela | engingeyuqinisela | ngingeyuqinisela |
| 2nd singular | uyoqinisela | oyoqinisela | uyoqinisela | awuyuqinisela | ongeyuqinisela | ungeyuqinisela |
| 1st plural | siyoqinisela | esiyoqinisela | siyoqinisela | asiyuqinisela | esingeyuqinisela | singeyuqinisela |
| 2nd plural | niyoqinisela | eniyoqinisela | niyoqinisela | aniyuqinisela | eningeyuqinisela | ningeyuqinisela |
| Class 1 | uyoqinisela | oyoqinisela | eyoqinisela | akayuqinisela | ongeyuqinisela | engeyuqinisela |
| Class 2 | bayoqinisela | abayoqinisela | beyoqinisela | abayuqinisela | abangeyuqinisela | bengeyuqinisela |
| Class 3 | uyoqinisela | oyoqinisela | uyoqinisela | awuyuqinisela | ongeyuqinisela | ungeyuqinisela |
| Class 4 | iyoqinisela | eyoqinisela | iyoqinisela | ayiyuqinisela | engeyuqinisela | ingeyuqinisela |
| Class 5 | liyoqinisela | eliyoqinisela | liyoqinisela | aliyuqinisela | elingeyuqinisela | lingeyuqinisela |
| Class 6 | ayoqinisela | ayoqinisela | eyoqinisela | awayuqinisela | angeyuqinisela | engeyuqinisela |
| Class 7 | siyoqinisela | esiyoqinisela | siyoqinisela | asiyuqinisela | esingeyuqinisela | singeyuqinisela |
| Class 8 | ziyoqinisela | eziyoqinisela | ziyoqinisela | aziyuqinisela | ezingeyuqinisela | zingeyuqinisela |
| Class 9 | iyoqinisela | eyoqinisela | iyoqinisela | ayiyuqinisela | engeyuqinisela | ingeyuqinisela |
| Class 10 | ziyoqinisela | eziyoqinisela | ziyoqinisela | aziyuqinisela | ezingeyuqinisela | zingeyuqinisela |
| Class 11 | luyoqinisela | oluyoqinisela | luyoqinisela | aluyuqinisela | olungeyuqinisela | lungeyuqinisela |
| Class 14 | buyoqinisela | obuyoqinisela | buyoqinisela | abuyuqinisela | obungeyuqinisela | bungeyuqinisela |
| Class 15 | kuyoqinisela | okuyoqinisela | kuyoqinisela | akuyuqinisela | okungeyuqinisela | kungeyuqinisela |
| Class 17 | kuyoqinisela | okuyoqinisela | kuyoqinisela | akuyuqinisela | okungeyuqinisela | kungeyuqinisela |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqinisele | ngingaqiniseli |
| 2nd singular | uqinisele | ungaqiniseli |
| 1st plural | siqinisele | singaqiniseli |
| 2nd plural | niqinisele | ningaqiniseli |
| Class 1 | aqinisele | angaqiniseli |
| Class 2 | baqinisele | bangaqiniseli |
| Class 3 | uqinisele | ungaqiniseli |
| Class 4 | iqinisele | ingaqiniseli |
| Class 5 | liqinisele | lingaqiniseli |
| Class 6 | aqinisele | angaqiniseli |
| Class 7 | siqinisele | singaqiniseli |
| Class 8 | ziqinisele | zingaqiniseli |
| Class 9 | iqinisele | ingaqiniseli |
| Class 10 | ziqinisele | zingaqiniseli |
| Class 11 | luqinisele | lungaqiniseli |
| Class 14 | buqinisele | bungaqiniseli |
| Class 15 | kuqinisele | kungaqiniseli |
| Class 17 | kuqinisele | kungaqiniseli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqinisela | ngangaqinisela, angaqinisela, angangaqinisela |
| 2nd singular | waqinisela | wangaqinisela, awaqinisela, awangaqinisela |
| 1st plural | saqinisela | sangaqinisela, asaqinisela, asangaqinisela |
| 2nd plural | naqinisela | nangaqinisela, anaqinisela, anangaqinisela |
| Class 1 | waqinisela | wangaqinisela, akaqinisela, akangaqinisela |
| Class 2 | baqinisela | bangaqinisela, abaqinisela, abangaqinisela |
| Class 3 | waqinisela | wangaqinisela, awaqinisela, awangaqinisela |
| Class 4 | yaqinisela | yangaqinisela, ayaqinisela, ayangaqinisela |
| Class 5 | laqinisela | langaqinisela, alaqinisela, alangaqinisela |
| Class 6 | aqinisela | angaqinisela, awaqinisela, awangaqinisela |
| Class 7 | saqinisela | sangaqinisela, asaqinisela, asangaqinisela |
| Class 8 | zaqinisela | zangaqinisela, azaqinisela, azangaqinisela |
| Class 9 | yaqinisela | yangaqinisela, ayaqinisela, ayangaqinisela |
| Class 10 | zaqinisela | zangaqinisela, azaqinisela, azangaqinisela |
| Class 11 | lwaqinisela | lwangaqinisela, alwaqinisela, alwangaqinisela |
| Class 14 | baqinisela | bangaqinisela, abaqinisela, abangaqinisela |
| Class 15 | kwaqinisela | kwangaqinisela, akwaqinisela, akwangaqinisela |
| Class 17 | kwaqinisela | kwangaqinisela, akwaqinisela, akwangaqinisela |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qinisela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qinisela (3.3.2.9)”