# 艅艎
## Chinese

* 艅艎

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Has there been reconstructions based on an ancient Wu/Yue language?”)
The form 餘皇／余皇 (yúhuáng) was attested in the Zuozhuan's account of the Battle of Chang'an (長岸之戰) in 525 BCE between the forces of Chu and Wu. The 餘皇, according to the text, might have been a personal yacht or command ship of the Wu kings, and was the focus of fierce contests in the battle.
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Zǐyú xiān sǐ, Chǔshī jì zhī, dàbài Wúshī, huò qí chéngzhōu yúhuáng.... Wú gōngzǐ Guāng qǐng yú qí zhòng yuē: “Sàng xiānwáng zhī chéngzhōu, qǐ wéi Guāng zhī zuì? Zhòng yì yǒu yān. Qǐng jiè qǔ zhī, yǐ jiù sǐ.”... Chǔ shī luàn, Wúrén Dàbài zhī, qǔ yúhuáng yǐ guī. [Pinyin]
    Ziyu of Chu was killed early in the battle, but the Chu forces fought on and decisively defeated the Wu, capturing Wu's royal vessel, the Yuhuang. …Prince Guang of Wu appealed to his men and said: "Losing the late King's personal vessel — does the fault lie with me alone? Everyone is implicated in this. I humbly request your help to recapture the ship, in the hope that we all may be spared an ignoble death."…The Chu forces fell into disorder, and the men of Wu, overwhelming them, took the Yuhuang and retreated.
The form 艅艎 (yúhuáng), attested in later literary works, was an orthographic equivalent constructed according to the principle of 形聲／形声 (xíngshēng, “phonosemantic compounding”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yúhuáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yúhuáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yúhuáng
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^2$-huang$^2$
*** Yale: yú-hwáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuhwang
*** Palladius: юйхуан (jujxuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /y³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: yo hwang
Rime :
| Character | 艅 | 艎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 唐 (102) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 以諸切 | 胡光切 |
| Baxter | yo | hwang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨʌ/ | /ɦwɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɔ/ | /ɦʷɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iɔ/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jɨə̆/ | /ɦwaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /iɔ/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭo/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯wo/ | /ɣwɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yú | huáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^4$ | wong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*la ɡʷaːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 艅 | 艎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 15802 | 12703 |
| Phonetic component | 余 | 王 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 余 | 黃 |
| Old Chinese | /*la/ | /*ɡʷaːŋ/ |
| Notes | 餘皇類化字 | |

### Noun

艅艎
* (literary, poetic) vessel; ship; yacht
    From: Yu Xin, c. 578, The Lament for the South (《哀江南賦》)
    Diàn xiá jiāng'ōu, gōng míng yězhì. Zhànlú qùguó, yúhuáng shīshuǐ. [Pinyin]
    Stray waterbirds infested the Grand Hall and pheasants' cry cackled in the Palace. Ships were robbed of their home waterways, and my land abandoned by the Sword of Justice.