# 愛人
## Chinese
### Etymology

Various senses attestable in Classical and Literary Chinese. The senses "spouse" and "lover" are from Japanese 愛人

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): àirén
    (Zhuyin): ㄞˋ ㄖㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): oi$^3$ jan$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): oi-ngìn
* Northern Min (KCR): o̿-nêng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ài-lîn / ài-jîn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ain$^3$ ring$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$e-gnin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: àirén → àiren (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄞˋ ㄖㄣˊ → ㄞˋ ˙ㄖㄣ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: àire̊n
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^4$-jên$^5$
*** Yale: ài-ren
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay.ren
*** Palladius: айжэнь (ajžɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/ → /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: àirénr
*** Zhuyin: ㄞˋ ㄖㄣˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: àirénr
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^4$-jên$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: ài-rénr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ayrel
*** Palladius: айжэньр (ajžɛnʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʐəɻ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: oi$^3$ jan$^4$
*** Yale: oi yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: oi$^3$ jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: oi$^3$ yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔːi̯³³ jɐn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: oi-ngìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: oi ngin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: oi$^4$ ngin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /oi̯⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: o̿-nêng
*** Sinological IPA : /o³³ neiŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ài-lîn
*** Tâi-lô: ài-lîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: aeliin
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ai²¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ai¹¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lin²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ài-jîn
*** Tâi-lô: ài-jîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: aejiin
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ai²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zin¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ai²¹⁻⁴¹ zin²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ain$^3$ ring$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: àiⁿ jîng
*** Sinological IPA : /ãĩ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$e-gnin
*** MiniDict: e$^去$ nyin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$e-nyin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /e³³ n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

### Noun

愛人
* (Mainland China) spouse; husband or wife
       Tā duì tā de àirén bùzhōng. [Pinyin]
       He cheated on his spouse.
* sweetheart; lover
* (literary) lovable person

#### Usage notes

In mainland China, 情人 (qíngrén, “lover”) usually refers to a partner in an extramarital relationship except in 情人節／情人节 (Qíngrénjié, “Valentine's Day”). For a person who loves, 愛人／爱人 (àirén, “lover”) is popular among elder people, while 戀人／恋人 (liànrén, “lover”) is popular among young people.

### Adjective

愛人
* (dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Jin, Xiang or literary) lovable; adorable; cute; endearing

### Verb

愛人
* (Classical) to love the people

### References

* ↑ 舒 志田, 日中同形異義漢字語の研究 : 「愛人」の意味変化をめぐって, in 文獻探究. 37, pp.1-14, 1999-03-31

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 愛 | 人 |
| あい Grade: 4 | じん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 愛人 (MC 'ojH nyin).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あいじん [àíjíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠iʑĩɴ]

### Noun

愛(あい)人(じん) • (aijin)
* a lover, a mistress
* (archaic) a sweetheart, a loved one
* (dated) loving people in general

#### Usage notes

* Sense 1 implies an extramarital relationship. Most often used by a man in reference to a woman.

#### See also

* 恋(こい)人(びと) (koibito): a boyfriend, a girlfriend

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * Yoshida, Masatoshi et.al. Kodansha's Romanized Japanese-English Dictionary. Tokyo: Kodansha International (JPN), 1993. →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 愛 | 人 |

### Noun

愛人 • (aein) (hangeul 애인)
* hanja form of 애인 (“lover, girlfriend, boyfriend”)