# shanela
## Zulu
### Verb

-shanéla
* Alternative form of -shayéla

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukushanela |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukushanela | ukungashaneli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | shanela | -shanele |
| Plural | shanelani | -shaneleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyashanela, ngishanela | engishanelayo, engishanela | ngishanela | angishaneli | engingashaneli | ngingashaneli |
| 2nd singular | uyashanela, ushanela | oshanelayo, oshanela | ushanela | awushaneli | ongashaneli | ungashaneli |
| 1st plural | siyashanela, sishanela | esishanelayo, esishanela | sishanela | asishaneli | esingashaneli | singashaneli |
| 2nd plural | niyashanela, nishanela | enishanelayo, enishanela | nishanela | anishaneli | eningashaneli | ningashaneli |
| Class 1 | uyashanela, ushanela | oshanelayo, oshanela | eshanela | akashaneli | ongashaneli | engashaneli |
| Class 2 | bayashanela, bashanela | abashanelayo, abashanela | beshanela | abashaneli | abangashaneli | bengashaneli |
| Class 3 | uyashanela, ushanela | oshanelayo, oshanela | ushanela | awushaneli | ongashaneli | ungashaneli |
| Class 4 | iyashanela, ishanela | eshanelayo, eshanela | ishanela | ayishaneli | engashaneli | ingashaneli |
| Class 5 | liyashanela, lishanela | elishanelayo, elishanela | lishanela | alishaneli | elingashaneli | lingashaneli |
| Class 6 | ayashanela, ashanela | ashanelayo, ashanela | eshanela | awashaneli | angashaneli | engashaneli |
| Class 7 | siyashanela, sishanela | esishanelayo, esishanela | sishanela | asishaneli | esingashaneli | singashaneli |
| Class 8 | ziyashanela, zishanela | ezishanelayo, ezishanela | zishanela | azishaneli | ezingashaneli | zingashaneli |
| Class 9 | iyashanela, ishanela | eshanelayo, eshanela | ishanela | ayishaneli | engashaneli | ingashaneli |
| Class 10 | ziyashanela, zishanela | ezishanelayo, ezishanela | zishanela | azishaneli | ezingashaneli | zingashaneli |
| Class 11 | luyashanela, lushanela | olushanelayo, olushanela | lushanela | alushaneli | olungashaneli | lungashaneli |
| Class 14 | buyashanela, bushanela | obushanelayo, obushanela | bushanela | abushaneli | obungashaneli | bungashaneli |
| Class 15 | kuyashanela, kushanela | okushanelayo, okushanela | kushanela | akushaneli | okungashaneli | kungashaneli |
| Class 17 | kuyashanela, kushanela | okushanelayo, okushanela | kushanela | akushaneli | okungashaneli | kungashaneli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngishanelile, ngishanelē | engishanelile, engishanelē | ngishanelile, ngishanelē | angishanelanga | engingashanelanga | ngingashanelanga |
| 2nd singular | ushanelile, ushanelē | oshanelile, oshanelē | ushanelile, ushanelē | awushanelanga | ongashanelanga | ungashanelanga |
| 1st plural | sishanelile, sishanelē | esishanelile, esishanelē | sishanelile, sishanelē | asishanelanga | esingashanelanga | singashanelanga |
| 2nd plural | nishanelile, nishanelē | enishanelile, enishanelē | nishanelile, nishanelē | anishanelanga | eningashanelanga | ningashanelanga |
| Class 1 | ushanelile, ushanelē | oshanelile, oshanelē | eshanelile, eshanelē | akashanelanga | ongashanelanga | engashanelanga |
| Class 2 | bashanelile, bashanelē | abashanelile, abashanelē | beshanelile, beshanelē | abashanelanga | abangashanelanga | bengashanelanga |
| Class 3 | ushanelile, ushanelē | oshanelile, oshanelē | ushanelile, ushanelē | awushanelanga | ongashanelanga | ungashanelanga |
| Class 4 | ishanelile, ishanelē | eshanelile, eshanelē | ishanelile, ishanelē | ayishanelanga | engashanelanga | ingashanelanga |
| Class 5 | lishanelile, lishanelē | elishanelile, elishanelē | lishanelile, lishanelē | alishanelanga | elingashanelanga | lingashanelanga |
| Class 6 | ashanelile, ashanelē | ashanelile, ashanelē | eshanelile, eshanelē | awashanelanga | angashanelanga | engashanelanga |
| Class 7 | sishanelile, sishanelē | esishanelile, esishanelē | sishanelile, sishanelē | asishanelanga | esingashanelanga | singashanelanga |
| Class 8 | zishanelile, zishanelē | ezishanelile, ezishanelē | zishanelile, zishanelē | azishanelanga | ezingashanelanga | zingashanelanga |
| Class 9 | ishanelile, ishanelē | eshanelile, eshanelē | ishanelile, ishanelē | ayishanelanga | engashanelanga | ingashanelanga |
| Class 10 | zishanelile, zishanelē | ezishanelile, ezishanelē | zishanelile, zishanelē | azishanelanga | ezingashanelanga | zingashanelanga |
| Class 11 | lushanelile, lushanelē | olushanelile, olushanelē | lushanelile, lushanelē | alushanelanga | olungashanelanga | lungashanelanga |
| Class 14 | bushanelile, bushanelē | obushanelile, obushanelē | bushanelile, bushanelē | abushanelanga | obungashanelanga | bungashanelanga |
| Class 15 | kushanelile, kushanelē | okushanelile, okushanelē | kushanelile, kushanelē | akushanelanga | okungashanelanga | kungashanelanga |
| Class 17 | kushanelile, kushanelē | okushanelile, okushanelē | kushanelile, kushanelē | akushanelanga | okungashanelanga | kungashanelanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāshanela | engāshanela | ngāshanela | angishanelanga | engingashanelanga | ngingashanelanga |
| 2nd singular | wāshanela | owāshanela | wāshanela | awushanelanga | ongashanelanga | ungashanelanga |
| 1st plural | sāshanela | esāshanela | sāshanela | asishanelanga | esingashanelanga | singashanelanga |
| 2nd plural | nāshanela | enāshanela | nāshanela | anishanelanga | eningashanelanga | ningashanelanga |
| Class 1 | wāshanela | owāshanela | āshanela | akashanelanga | ongashanelanga | engashanelanga |
| Class 2 | bāshanela | abāshanela | bāshanela | abashanelanga | abangashanelanga | bengashanelanga |
| Class 3 | wāshanela | owāshanela | wāshanela | awushanelanga | ongashanelanga | ungashanelanga |
| Class 4 | yāshanela | eyāshanela | yāshanela | ayishanelanga | engashanelanga | ingashanelanga |
| Class 5 | lāshanela | elāshanela | lāshanela | alishanelanga | elingashanelanga | lingashanelanga |
| Class 6 | āshanela | āshanela | āshanela | awashanelanga | angashanelanga | engashanelanga |
| Class 7 | sāshanela | esāshanela | sāshanela | asishanelanga | esingashanelanga | singashanelanga |
| Class 8 | zāshanela | ezāshanela | zāshanela | azishanelanga | ezingashanelanga | zingashanelanga |
| Class 9 | yāshanela | eyāshanela | yāshanela | ayishanelanga | engashanelanga | ingashanelanga |
| Class 10 | zāshanela | ezāshanela | zāshanela | azishanelanga | ezingashanelanga | zingashanelanga |
| Class 11 | lwāshanela | olwāshanela | lwāshanela | alushanelanga | olungashanelanga | lungashanelanga |
| Class 14 | bāshanela | obāshanela | bāshanela | abushanelanga | obungashanelanga | bungashanelanga |
| Class 15 | kwāshanela | okwāshanela | kwāshanela | akushanelanga | okungashanelanga | kungashanelanga |
| Class 17 | kwāshanela | okwāshanela | kwāshanela | akushanelanga | okungashanelanga | kungashanelanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingashanela | — | ngingashanela | ngingeshanele | — | ngingeshanele |
| 2nd singular | ungashanela | — | ungashanela | ungeshanele | — | ungeshanele |
| 1st plural | singashanela | — | singashanela | singeshanele | — | singeshanele |
| 2nd plural | ningashanela | — | ningashanela | ningeshanele | — | ningeshanele |
| Class 1 | angashanela | — | engashanela | angeshanele | — | engeshanele |
| Class 2 | bangashanela | — | bengashanela | bangeshanele | — | bengeshanele |
| Class 3 | ungashanela | — | ungashanela | ungeshanele | — | ungeshanele |
| Class 4 | ingashanela | — | ingashanela | ingeshanele | — | ingeshanele |
| Class 5 | lingashanela | — | lingashanela | lingeshanele | — | lingeshanele |
| Class 6 | angashanela | — | engashanela | angeshanele | — | engeshanele |
| Class 7 | singashanela | — | singashanela | singeshanele | — | singeshanele |
| Class 8 | zingashanela | — | zingashanela | zingeshanele | — | zingeshanele |
| Class 9 | ingashanela | — | ingashanela | ingeshanele | — | ingeshanele |
| Class 10 | zingashanela | — | zingashanela | zingeshanele | — | zingeshanele |
| Class 11 | lungashanela | — | lungashanela | lungeshanele | — | lungeshanele |
| Class 14 | bungashanela | — | bungashanela | bungeshanele | — | bungeshanele |
| Class 15 | kungashanela | — | kungashanela | kungeshanele | — | kungeshanele |
| Class 17 | kungashanela | — | kungashanela | kungeshanele | — | kungeshanele |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoshanela | engizoshanela | ngizoshanela | angizushanela | engingezushanela | ngingezushanela |
| 2nd singular | uzoshanela | ozoshanela | uzoshanela | awuzushanela | ongezushanela | ungezushanela |
| 1st plural | sizoshanela | esizoshanela | sizoshanela | asizushanela | esingezushanela | singezushanela |
| 2nd plural | nizoshanela | enizoshanela | nizoshanela | anizushanela | eningezushanela | ningezushanela |
| Class 1 | uzoshanela | ozoshanela | ezoshanela | akazushanela | ongezushanela | engezushanela |
| Class 2 | bazoshanela | abazoshanela | bezoshanela | abazushanela | abangezushanela | bengezushanela |
| Class 3 | uzoshanela | ozoshanela | uzoshanela | awuzushanela | ongezushanela | ungezushanela |
| Class 4 | izoshanela | ezoshanela | izoshanela | ayizushanela | engezushanela | ingezushanela |
| Class 5 | lizoshanela | elizoshanela | lizoshanela | alizushanela | elingezushanela | lingezushanela |
| Class 6 | azoshanela | azoshanela | ezoshanela | awazushanela | angezushanela | engezushanela |
| Class 7 | sizoshanela | esizoshanela | sizoshanela | asizushanela | esingezushanela | singezushanela |
| Class 8 | zizoshanela | ezizoshanela | zizoshanela | azizushanela | ezingezushanela | zingezushanela |
| Class 9 | izoshanela | ezoshanela | izoshanela | ayizushanela | engezushanela | ingezushanela |
| Class 10 | zizoshanela | ezizoshanela | zizoshanela | azizushanela | ezingezushanela | zingezushanela |
| Class 11 | luzoshanela | oluzoshanela | luzoshanela | aluzushanela | olungezushanela | lungezushanela |
| Class 14 | buzoshanela | obuzoshanela | buzoshanela | abuzushanela | obungezushanela | bungezushanela |
| Class 15 | kuzoshanela | okuzoshanela | kuzoshanela | akuzushanela | okungezushanela | kungezushanela |
| Class 17 | kuzoshanela | okuzoshanela | kuzoshanela | akuzushanela | okungezushanela | kungezushanela |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoshanela | engiyoshanela | ngiyoshanela | angiyushanela | engingeyushanela | ngingeyushanela |
| 2nd singular | uyoshanela | oyoshanela | uyoshanela | awuyushanela | ongeyushanela | ungeyushanela |
| 1st plural | siyoshanela | esiyoshanela | siyoshanela | asiyushanela | esingeyushanela | singeyushanela |
| 2nd plural | niyoshanela | eniyoshanela | niyoshanela | aniyushanela | eningeyushanela | ningeyushanela |
| Class 1 | uyoshanela | oyoshanela | eyoshanela | akayushanela | ongeyushanela | engeyushanela |
| Class 2 | bayoshanela | abayoshanela | beyoshanela | abayushanela | abangeyushanela | bengeyushanela |
| Class 3 | uyoshanela | oyoshanela | uyoshanela | awuyushanela | ongeyushanela | ungeyushanela |
| Class 4 | iyoshanela | eyoshanela | iyoshanela | ayiyushanela | engeyushanela | ingeyushanela |
| Class 5 | liyoshanela | eliyoshanela | liyoshanela | aliyushanela | elingeyushanela | lingeyushanela |
| Class 6 | ayoshanela | ayoshanela | eyoshanela | awayushanela | angeyushanela | engeyushanela |
| Class 7 | siyoshanela | esiyoshanela | siyoshanela | asiyushanela | esingeyushanela | singeyushanela |
| Class 8 | ziyoshanela | eziyoshanela | ziyoshanela | aziyushanela | ezingeyushanela | zingeyushanela |
| Class 9 | iyoshanela | eyoshanela | iyoshanela | ayiyushanela | engeyushanela | ingeyushanela |
| Class 10 | ziyoshanela | eziyoshanela | ziyoshanela | aziyushanela | ezingeyushanela | zingeyushanela |
| Class 11 | luyoshanela | oluyoshanela | luyoshanela | aluyushanela | olungeyushanela | lungeyushanela |
| Class 14 | buyoshanela | obuyoshanela | buyoshanela | abuyushanela | obungeyushanela | bungeyushanela |
| Class 15 | kuyoshanela | okuyoshanela | kuyoshanela | akuyushanela | okungeyushanela | kungeyushanela |
| Class 17 | kuyoshanela | okuyoshanela | kuyoshanela | akuyushanela | okungeyushanela | kungeyushanela |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngishanele | ngingashaneli |
| 2nd singular | ushanele | ungashaneli |
| 1st plural | sishanele | singashaneli |
| 2nd plural | nishanele | ningashaneli |
| Class 1 | ashanele | angashaneli |
| Class 2 | bashanele | bangashaneli |
| Class 3 | ushanele | ungashaneli |
| Class 4 | ishanele | ingashaneli |
| Class 5 | lishanele | lingashaneli |
| Class 6 | ashanele | angashaneli |
| Class 7 | sishanele | singashaneli |
| Class 8 | zishanele | zingashaneli |
| Class 9 | ishanele | ingashaneli |
| Class 10 | zishanele | zingashaneli |
| Class 11 | lushanele | lungashaneli |
| Class 14 | bushanele | bungashaneli |
| Class 15 | kushanele | kungashaneli |
| Class 17 | kushanele | kungashaneli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngashanela | ngangashanela, angashanela, angangashanela |
| 2nd singular | washanela | wangashanela, awashanela, awangashanela |
| 1st plural | sashanela | sangashanela, asashanela, asangashanela |
| 2nd plural | nashanela | nangashanela, anashanela, anangashanela |
| Class 1 | washanela | wangashanela, akashanela, akangashanela |
| Class 2 | bashanela | bangashanela, abashanela, abangashanela |
| Class 3 | washanela | wangashanela, awashanela, awangashanela |
| Class 4 | yashanela | yangashanela, ayashanela, ayangashanela |
| Class 5 | lashanela | langashanela, alashanela, alangashanela |
| Class 6 | ashanela | angashanela, awashanela, awangashanela |
| Class 7 | sashanela | sangashanela, asashanela, asangashanela |
| Class 8 | zashanela | zangashanela, azashanela, azangashanela |
| Class 9 | yashanela | yangashanela, ayashanela, ayangashanela |
| Class 10 | zashanela | zangashanela, azashanela, azangashanela |
| Class 11 | lwashanela | lwangashanela, alwashanela, alwangashanela |
| Class 14 | bashanela | bangashanela, abashanela, abangashanela |
| Class 15 | kwashanela | kwangashanela, akwashanela, akwangashanela |
| Class 17 | kwashanela | kwangashanela, akwashanela, akwangashanela |

#### Derived terms

* umshanelo

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “shanela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “shanela (3.2.9)”