# 談笑
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tánxiào
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taam$^4$ siu$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thàm-seu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tánxiào
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tánsiào
*** Wade–Giles: tʻan$^2$-hsiao$^4$
*** Yale: tán-syàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarnshiaw
*** Palladius: таньсяо (tanʹsjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰän³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taam$^4$ siu$^3$
*** Yale: tàahm siu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taam$^4$ siu$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tam$^4$ xiu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːm²¹ siːu̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thàm-seu
*** Hakka Romanization System: tam$^ˇ$ seu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tam$^2$ seu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰam¹¹ seu̯⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dam sjewH
Rime :
| Character | 談 | 笑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 徒甘切 | 私妙切 |
| Baxter | dam | sjewH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑm/ | /siᴇu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑm/ | /siɛu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑm/ | /sjæu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dam/ | /siaw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑm/ | /siɛu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑm/ | /sĭɛu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱɑm/ | /si̯ɛu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tán | xiào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | taam$^4$ | siu$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤ[o]m [s-l]aw-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːm sqʰows/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 談 | 笑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tán | xiào |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dam › | ‹ sjew$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁ[o]m/ | /*[s-l]aw-s/ |
| English | speak | to laugh |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 談 | 笑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14292 | 14621 |
| Phonetic component | 炎 | 夭 |
| Rime group | 談 | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 談 | 𥬇 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'aːm/ | /*sqʰows/ |
| Notes | | 原下從犬，注或作此。漢書作八下夭 |

### Verb

談笑
* to go on talking and laughing

#### Derived terms

* 談笑自若／谈笑自若 (tánxiào zìruò)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 談笑(だんしょう) (danshō)
* → Korean: 담소(談笑) (damso)
* → Vietnamese: đàm tiếu (談笑)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 談 | 笑 |
| だん Grade: 3 | しょう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

談(だん)笑(しょう) • (danshō)
* friendly chat

### Verb

談(だん)笑(しょう)する • (danshō suru) suru (stem 談(だん)笑(しょう)し (danshō shi), past 談(だん)笑(しょう)した (danshō shita))
* to have a friendly chat

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 談笑し | だんしょうし | danshō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 談笑し | だんしょうし | danshō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 談笑する | だんしょうする | danshō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 談笑する | だんしょうする | danshō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 談笑すれ | だんしょうすれ | danshō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 談笑せよ¹ 談笑しろ² | だんしょうせよ¹ だんしょうしろ² | danshō seyo¹ danshō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 談笑される | だんしょうされる | danshō sareru |
| Causative | 談笑させる 談笑さす | だんしょうさせる だんしょうさす | danshō saseru danshō sasu |
| Potential | 談笑できる | だんしょうできる | danshō dekiru |
| Volitional | 談笑しよう | だんしょうしよう | danshō shiyō |
| Negative | 談笑しない | だんしょうしない | danshō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 談笑せず | だんしょうせず | danshō sezu |
| Formal | 談笑します | だんしょうします | danshō shimasu |
| Perfective | 談笑した | だんしょうした | danshō shita |
| Conjunctive | 談笑して | だんしょうして | danshō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 談笑すれば | だんしょうすれば | danshō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 談 | 笑 |

### Verb

談笑
* chữ Hán form of đàm tiếu.