# 死節
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sǐjié
    (Zhuyin): ㄙˇ ㄐㄧㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sei$^2$ zit$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sǐjié
*** Zhuyin: ㄙˇ ㄐㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sǐhjié
*** Wade–Giles: ssŭ$^3$-chieh$^2$
*** Yale: sž-jyé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syyjye
*** Palladius: сыцзе (sycze)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sei$^2$ zit$^3$
*** Yale: séi jit
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sei$^2$ dzit$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: séi$^2$ jid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sei̯³⁵ t͡siːt̚³/
* Middle Chinese: sijX tset
Rime :
| Character | 死 | 節 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (17) | 屑 (87) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 息姊切 | 子結切 |
| Baxter | sijX | tset |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sˠiɪ$^X$/ | /t͡set̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sᵚi$^X$/ | /t͡set̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siɪ$^X$/ | /t͡sɛt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sji$^X$/ | /t͡sɛt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /sji$^X$/ | /t͡set̚/ |
| Wang Li | /si$^X$/ | /t͡siet̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /si$^X$/ | /t͡siet̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sǐ | jie |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^2$ | zit$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sijʔ tsˤik/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljiʔ ʔsiːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 死 | 節 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sǐ | jié |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sij$^X$ › | ‹ tset › |
| Old Chinese | /*sijʔ/ | /*tsˁik/ |
| English | die (v.) | joint |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 死 | 節 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12006 | 5713 |
| Phonetic component | 死 | 即 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 死 | 節 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljiʔ/ | /*ʔsiːɡ/ |

### Verb

死節
* (literary) to die for the sake of honour or duty; to die and preserve one's integrity; to become a martyr
    From: Sima Qian, Letter to Ren An. 1st century BCE. Based on the translation by Burton Watson.
    Jiǎlìng pú fúfǎ shòuzhū, ruò jiǔniú wáng yīmáo, yǔ lóuyǐ héyǐ yì? Ér shìsú yòu bùnéng yǔ sǐjié zhě cìbǐ, tè yǐwèi zhìqióng zuìjí, bùnéng zìmiǎn, zú jiùsǐ ěr. [Pinyin]
    If I fell before the law and was executed, it would make no more difference to most people than one hair off nine oxen, for I was a mere ant to them. The world would not rank me among those who were able to die for their ideals, but would believe simply that my wits were exhausted and my crime great, that I had been unable to escape penalty and in the end had gone to my death.
    From: Gao Shi (高適), 738, A Song of the Yan Country (《燕歌行》), translated by Witter Bynner.
    Xiāngkàn báirèn xuè fēnfēn, sǐjié cónglái qǐgù xūn. [Pinyin]
    Until white swords can be seen again, spattered with red blood. When death becomes a duty, who stops to think of fame?