# ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲥϧⲁⲓ (sxai) — Bohairic
* ⲥϩⲉⲓ (shei) — Fayyumic
* ⲥⳉⲉⲓ (sxei), ⲥⳉⲉⲉⲓ (sxeei) — Akhmimic
* ⲥϩⲁⲓ (shai) — Sahidic

### Verb

ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ • (sheei) (nominal state ⲥⲁϩ-, pronominal state ⲥⲁϩ⸗, stative ⲥⲏϩ†)
* (Lycopolitan) to write

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ sheei | imperative | affirmative | ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ sheei |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ tm̄sheei | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄nsheei, m̄pr̄sheei |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ tisheei | ⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ksheei | ⲧⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ tesheei | ϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ fsheei | ⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ssheei | ⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ tn̄sheei | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ tetn̄sheei | ⲥⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ sesheei | ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ sheei |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eïsheei | ⲉⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eksheei | ⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eresheei | ⲉϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ efsheei | ⲉⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ essheei | ⲉⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ensheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etetn̄sheei | ⲉⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eusheei | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ere- sheei |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etisheei | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etk̄sheei, eteksheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etesheei, eteresheei | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etf̄sheei, etefsheei | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ets̄sheei, etessheei | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etn̄sheei, etensheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etetn̄sheei | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etousheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etere- sheei, ete- sheei |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neïsheei | ⲛⲉⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neksheei | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neresheei | ⲛⲉϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nefsheei | ⲛⲉⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nessheei | ⲛⲉⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nensheei | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ netetn̄sheei | ⲛⲉⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neusheei | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nere- sheei |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ tinasheei | ⲕⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ knasheei | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ tenasheei | ϥⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ fnasheei | ⲥⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ snasheei | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ tn̄nasheei | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ tetnasheei | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ senasheei | ⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nasheei |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eïnasheei | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eknasheei | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ erenasheei | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ efnasheei | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ esnasheei | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ennasheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etetnasheei | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eunasheei | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ere- nasheei |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etinasheei | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etk̄nasheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etenasheei, eterenasheei | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etf̄nasheei | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ets̄nasheei | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etn̄nasheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etetnasheei | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etounasheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etere- nasheei |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neïnasheei | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neknasheei | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nerenasheei | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nefnasheei | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nesnasheei | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nennasheei | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ netetnasheei | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neunasheei | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nere- nasheei |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ aïsheei | ⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ aksheei | ⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ aresheei | ⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ afsheei | ⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ assheei | ⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ansheei | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ atetn̄sheei | ⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ausheei | ⲁ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ a- sheei |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄pisheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄pk̄sheei, m̄peksheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄pesheei, m̄pr̄sheei | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄pf̄sheei, m̄pefsheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄ps̄sheei, m̄pessheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄pn̄sheei, m̄pensheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄petn̄sheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄pousheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄pe- sheei |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eaïsheei | ⲉⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eaksheei | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ earesheei | ⲉⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eafsheei | ⲉⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eassheei | ⲉⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eansheei | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eatetn̄sheei | ⲉⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eausheei | ⲉⲁ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ea- sheei |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ empisheei | ⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ empk̄sheei, empeksheei | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ empesheei, empr̄sheei | ⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ empk̄sheei, empeksheei | ⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emps̄sheei, empessheei | ⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ empn̄sheei, empensheei | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ empetn̄sheei | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ empousheei | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ empe- sheei |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etaïsheei, n̄taïsheei | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etaksheei, n̄taksheei | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etaresheei, n̄tasheeisheei | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etafsheei, n̄tafsheei | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etassheei, n̄tassheei | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etansheei, n̄tansheei | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etatetn̄sheei, n̄tatetn̄sheei | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etausheei, n̄tausheei | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eta- sheei, n̄ta- sheei |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etempisheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etempk̄sheei, etempeksheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etempesheei, etempr̄sheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etempk̄sheei, etempeksheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etemps̄sheei, etempessheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etempn̄sheei, etempensheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etempetn̄sheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etempousheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etempe- sheei |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neaïsheei | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neaksheei | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nearesheei | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neafsheei | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neassheei | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neansheei | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neatetn̄sheei | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neausheei | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nea- sheei |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nempisheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nempk̄sheei, nempeksheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nempesheei, nempr̄sheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nempk̄sheei, nempeksheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nemps̄sheei, nempessheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nempn̄sheei, nempensheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nempetn̄sheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nempousheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nempe- sheei |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄taïsheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄taksheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄taresheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄tafsheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄tassheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄tansheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄tatetn̄sheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄tausheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄ta- sheei |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄patisheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄patk̄sheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄patesheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄patf̄sheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄pats̄sheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄patn̄sheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄patetn̄sheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄patousheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄pate- sheei |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ em̄patisheei | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ em̄patk̄sheei | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ em̄patesheei | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ em̄patf̄sheei | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ em̄pats̄sheei | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ em̄patn̄sheei | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ em̄patetn̄sheei | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ em̄patousheei | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ em̄pate- sheei |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etem̄patisheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etem̄patk̄sheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etem̄patesheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etem̄patf̄sheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etem̄pats̄sheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etem̄patn̄sheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etem̄patetn̄sheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etem̄patousheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etem̄pate- sheei |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nem̄patisheei | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nem̄patk̄sheei | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nem̄patesheei | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nem̄patf̄sheei | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nem̄pats̄sheei | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nem̄patn̄sheei | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nem̄patetn̄sheei | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nem̄patousheei | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nem̄pate- sheei |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šaïsheei | ϣⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šaksheei | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šaresheei | ϣⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šafsheei | ϣⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šassheei | ϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šansheei | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šatetn̄sheei | ϣⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šausheei | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šare- sheei |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ maïsheei | ⲙⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ maksheei | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ maresheei | ⲙⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ mafsheei | ⲙⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ massheei | ⲙⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ mansheei | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ matetn̄sheei | ⲙⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ mausheei | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ mare- sheei |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ešaïsheei | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ešaksheei | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ešaresheei | ⲉϣⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ešafsheei | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ešassheei | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ešansheei | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ešatetn̄sheei | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ešausheei | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ešare- sheei |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emaïsheei | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emaksheei | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emaresheei | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emafsheei | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emassheei | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emansheei | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ematetn̄sheei | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emausheei | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emare- sheei |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etešaïsheei, ešaïsheei | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etešaksheei, ešaksheei | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etešaresheei, ešaresheei | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etešafsheei, ešafsheei | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etešassheei, ešassheei | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etešansheei, ešansheei | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etešatetn̄sheei, ešatetn̄sheei | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etešausheei, ešausheei | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etešare- sheei, ešare- sheei |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etemaïsheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etemaksheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etemaresheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etemafsheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etemassheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etemansheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etematetn̄sheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etemausheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etemare- sheei |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nešaïsheei | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nešaksheei | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nešaresheei | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nešafsheei | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nešassheei | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nešansheei | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nešatetn̄sheei | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nešausheei | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nešare- sheei |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nemaïsheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nemaksheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nemaresheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nemafsheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nemassheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nemansheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nematetn̄sheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nemausheei | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nemare- sheei |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emaïsheei | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emaksheei | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emaresheei | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emafsheei | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emassheei | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emansheei | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ematetn̄sheei | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emausheei | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ emare- sheei |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eïasheei | ⲉⲕⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ekasheei | ⲉⲣⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ erasheei | ⲉϥⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ efasheei | ⲉⲥⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ esasheei | ⲉⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ enasheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etetnasheei | ⲉⲩⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ euasheei | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ere- sheei |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nasheei | ⲛⲉⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neksheei | ⲛⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nesheei | ⲛⲉϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nefsheei | ⲛⲉⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nessheei | ⲛⲉⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ nensheei | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ netn̄sheei | ⲛⲉⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ neusheei | ⲛⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ne- sheei |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ marisheei | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ marefsheei | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ maressheei | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ marn̄sheei | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ marousheei | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ mare- sheei |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄prtrasheei | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄prtrefsheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄prtressheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄prtrensheei | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄prtreusheei | ⲙ̄ⲡⲱⲣⲧⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ m̄pōrte- sheei |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲧⲁⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄tasheei, tasheei | ⲛ̄ⲅⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄gsheei, n̄ksheei, ksheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲧⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄tesheei, tesheei | ⲛ̄ϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄fsheei, fsheei | ⲛ̄ⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄ssheei, ssheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄tn̄sheei, tn̄sheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄tetn̄sheei, tetn̄sheei | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲥⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄sesheei, sesheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄te- sheei |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ tarisheei | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ tareksheei | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ taresheei | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ tarefsheei | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ taressheei | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ tarn̄sheei | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ taretn̄sheei | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ tarousheei | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ tare- sheei |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄tarisheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄tareksheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄taresheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄tarefsheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄taressheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄tarn̄sheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄taretn̄sheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄tarousheei | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ n̄tare- sheei |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šantisheei | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šantk̄sheei, šanteksheei | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šantesheei | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šantf̄sheei, šantefsheei | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šants̄sheei, šantessheei | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šantn̄sheei, šantensheei | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šantetn̄sheei | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šantousheei | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ šante- sheei |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eïšansheei | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ekšansheei | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eršansheei, erešansheei | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ efšansheei | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ esšansheei | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ enšansheei | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ešantetn̄sheei | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eušansheei | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ, ⲉⲣϣⲁ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ešante- sheei, erša- sheei |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eïsheei | ⲉⲕⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eksheei | ⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eresheei | ⲉϥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ efsheei | ⲉⲥⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ essheei | ⲉⲛⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ensheei | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ etetn̄sheei | ⲉⲩⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ eusheei | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ ere- sheei |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

#### Related terms

* ⲥⲁϩ (sah)

### References

* Marcion Coptic dictionary