# сорокъ
## Old East Slavic
### Etymology

Origin uncertain.
* In the past it was considered borrowed from Byzantine Greek σαράντα (saránta, “40”) (before 9th century as σαράκοντα (sarákonta)), from Ancient Greek τεσσαράκοντα (tessarákonta). Doubtful for phonetic and semantic reasons.
* From earlier *съркъ (*sŭrkŭ), borrowed from Turkic languages, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kïrk (“40”) (compare Turkish kırk, Nogai кырк (kırk), Crimean Tatar qırq), by dissimilation of *k–k to *s–k.

### Noun

сорокъ (sorokŭ) m
* unit of account equal to four tens
* bunch of 40 pelts (usually sable)
* church administrative district

### Numeral

сорокъ (sorokŭ)
* forty (40)
    Synonym: четꙑредесѧте (četyredesęte)

#### Descendants

* Old Ruthenian: со́рокъ (sórok), со́рукъ (sóruk)
** Belarusian: со́рак (sórak), (dialectal) со́рок (sórok)
** Carpathian Rusyn: со́рок (sórok)
** Ukrainian: со́рок (sórok)
* Middle Russian: со́рокъ (sórok)
** Russian: со́рок (sórok)
** → Middle Polish: sorok (16-17th c.)

### References

* ↑ Preobrazhensky, A. G. (1914–1916) “со́рокъ”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 2 (П – С), numbers 10–14, Moscow: G. Lissner & D. Sobko Publishing House, page 359
* ↑ Vasmer, Max (1972) “со́рок”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Муза – Сят), Moscow: Progress, page 722
* ↑ Tsyhanenko, H. P. (1989) “со́рок”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Kyiv: Radjanska shkola, →ISBN, page 393
* ↑ Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “со́рок”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 188
* ↑ Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010) “сорок”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 2: (Начать – Я), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 357
* ↑ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “сорок”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 356
* ↑ Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2008), “со́рак”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 12 (свабо́да – стэ́сам), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 251

### Further reading

* Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “сорокъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 465
* Bogatova, G. A., editor (2002), “сорокъ¹; сорокъ²”, in Словарь русского языка XI–XVII вв. [Dictionary of the Russian Language: 11ᵗʰ–17ᵗʰ cc.] (in Russian), issue 26 (снуръ – спарывати), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 179

## Old Ruthenian
### Alternative forms

* со́рукъ (sóruk)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic сорокъ (sorokŭ); further origin uncertain.

### Numeral

со́рокъ • (sórok)
* forty (40)

### Noun

сорокъ • (sorok) m inan
* bunch of 40 pelts
* group of 40 rural households

#### Descendants

* Belarusian: со́рак (sórak), (dialectal) со́рок (sórok)
* Carpathian Rusyn: со́рок (sórok)
* Ukrainian: со́рок (sórok)

### References

* ↑ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “сорок”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 356
* ↑ Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2008), “со́рак”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 12 (свабо́да – стэ́сам), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 251: “ст.-бел. сорокъ”

### Further reading

* Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “сорокъ”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Н – Ѳ), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 369
* Bulyka, A. M., editor (2012), “сорокъ I”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 32 (смыковати – струмень), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 94
* Bulyka, A. M., editor (2012), “сорокъ II”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 32 (смыковати – струмень), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 94
* Bulyka, A. M., editor (2012), “сорукъ”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 32 (смыковати – струмень), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 100