# 紅塵
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hóngchén
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄔㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^4$ can$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hông-tîn / âng-tîn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ang$^5$ ding$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hóngchén
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄔㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hóngchén
*** Wade–Giles: hung$^2$-chʻên$^2$
*** Yale: húng-chén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horngchern
*** Palladius: хунчэнь (xunčɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^4$ can$^4$
*** Yale: hùhng chàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^4$ tsan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^4$ cen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰɐn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-tîn
*** Tâi-lô: hông-tîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongdiin
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tin²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tin²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tin²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³⁻²² tin¹³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-tîn
*** Tâi-lô: âng-tîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: angdiin
*** IPA (Taipei): /aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tin²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /aŋ²³⁻³³ tin²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ang$^5$ ding$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: âng tîng
*** Sinological IPA : /aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: huwng drin
Rime :
| Character | 紅 | 塵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 眞 (44) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 戸公切 | 直珍切 |
| Baxter | huwng | drin |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuŋ/ | /ɖˠiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuŋ/ | /ɖᵚin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuŋ/ | /ȡien/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəwŋ/ | /ɖjin/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuŋ/ | /ȡjĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuŋ/ | /ȡǐĕn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣuŋ/ | /ȡʱi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hóng | chén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^4$ | can$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɡˤoŋ [d]rə[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːŋ rdɯn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 紅 | 塵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hóng | chén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ huwng › | ‹ drin › |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡˁoŋ/ | /*[d]rə[n]/ |
| English | pink | dust (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 紅 | 塵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4055 | 1397 |
| Phonetic component | 工 | 塵 |
| Rime group | 東 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 洪 | 陳 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡoːŋ/ | /*rdɯn/ |

### Noun

紅塵
* (literary) dust (kicked up by vehicles and horses)
    From: 唐·杜牧《過華清宮》詩之一
    Yī qí hóngchén fēizǐ xiào, wú rén zhī shì lìzhī lái. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (figuratively) bustling places
* (figuratively, Buddhism, Taoism) world of mortals; human society; worldly affairs
    From: 2009, 詹雅雯, 姨仔
    Âng-tîn bāng-chhíⁿ chi̍t tiûⁿ khang, bí-lē chheng-chhun chhin-chhiūⁿ cha̋ng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Waking from the dreams of the world of mortals, all just comes to nothing; beauty and youthfulness are like yesterday.

#### Derived terms

* 滾滾紅塵／滚滚红尘
* 看破紅塵／看破红尘
* 紅塵客夢／红尘客梦
* 紅塵萬丈／红尘万丈
* 紫陌紅塵／紫陌红尘

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 紅塵(こうじん) (kōjin)
* → Korean: 홍진(紅塵) (hongjin)
* → Vietnamese: hồng trần (紅塵)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 紅 | 塵 |
| こう Grade: 6 | じん Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

紅(こう)塵(じん) • (kōjin)
* red dust; urban dust
* (figurative) earthly affairs; society; the secular world

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 紅 | 塵 |

### Noun

紅塵 • (hongjin) (hangeul 홍진)
* hanja form of 홍진 (“dust, bustling places”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 紅 | 塵 |

### Noun

紅塵
* chữ Hán form of hồng trần.