# ⲛⲁⲩ
## Coptic
### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* ⲛⲉⲩ (neu) — Fayyumic, Lycopolitan
* ⲛⲟ (no) — Akhmimic, Lycopolitan
* ⲛⲁⲟⲩ (naou) — Old Coptic

#### Verb

ⲛⲁⲩ • (nau) (imperative ⲁⲛⲁⲩ)
* (Bohairic, Sahidic) to look at, to see
    Synonyms: (Bohairic) ⲣⲱⲓⲥ (rōis), (Sahidic) ⲣⲟⲉⲓⲥ (roeis)
* (Bohairic, Sahidic) to perceive

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲩ nau | imperative | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲩ nau |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲛⲁⲩ štemnau | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲛⲁⲩ m̀pernau |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲩ tinau | ⲭⲛⲁⲩ khnau | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ tenau | ϥⲛⲁⲩ fnau | ⲥⲛⲁⲩ snau | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ tennau | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ tetennau | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲩ senau | ⲛⲁⲩ nau |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲩ einau | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲩ ekhnau | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ erenau | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ efnau | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ esnau | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ennau | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ eretennau | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ eunau | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ ere- nau |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲩ etinau | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲩ etekhnau | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ etenau | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ etefnau | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ etesnau | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ etennau | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ etetennau | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ etounau | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ ete- nau |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ nainau | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ nakhnau | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ narenau | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ nafnau | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ nasnau | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ nannau | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ naretennau | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ naunau | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ nare- nau |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ainau | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ akhnau | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ arenau | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ afnau | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ asnau | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ annau | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ aretennau | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ aunau | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ are- nau |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ tinanau | ⲭⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ khnanau | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲛⲁⲩ teranau | ϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ fnanau | ⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ snanau | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ tennanau | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ tetennanau | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ senanau | ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ nanau |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ einanau | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ ekhnanau | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ erenanau | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ efnanau | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ esnanau | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ ennanau | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ eretennanau | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ eunanau | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ ere- nanau |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etinanau | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etekhnanau | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etenanau | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etefnanau | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etesnanau | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etennanau | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etetennanau | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etounanau | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ ete- nanau |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ nainanau | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ nakhnanau | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ narenanau | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ nafnanau | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ nasnanau | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ nannanau | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ naretennanau | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ naunanau | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ nare- nanau |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ ainanau | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ akhnanau | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ arenanau | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ afnanau | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ asnanau | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ annanau | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ aretennanau | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ aunanau | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ are- nanau |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ainau | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ akhnau | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ arenau | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ afnau | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ asnau | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ annau | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ atetennau | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ aunau | ⲁ- ⲛⲁⲩ a- nau |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲩ m̀pinau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲛⲁⲩ m̀pekhnau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲩ m̀penau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ m̀pefnau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ m̀pesnau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ m̀pennau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ m̀petennau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ m̀pounau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ m̀pe- nau |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ eainau | ⲉⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ eakhnau | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ earenau | ⲉⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ eafnau | ⲉⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ easnau | ⲉⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ eannau | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ eatetennau | ⲉⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ eaunau | ⲉⲁ- ⲛⲁⲩ ea- nau |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲩ em̀pinau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲛⲁⲩ em̀pekhnau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲩ em̀penau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ em̀pefnau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ em̀pesnau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ em̀pennau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ em̀petennau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ em̀pounau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ em̀pe- nau |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ etainau | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ etakhnau | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ etarenau | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ etafnau | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ etasnau | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ etannau | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ etaretennau | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ etaunau | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲛⲁⲩ eta- nau |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲩ etm̀pinau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲛⲁⲩ etm̀pekhnau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲩ etm̀penau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ etm̀pefnau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ etm̀pesnau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ etm̀pennau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ etm̀petennau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ etm̀pounau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ etm̀pe- nau |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ neainau | ⲛⲉⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ neakhnau | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ nearenau | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ neafnau | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ neasnau | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ neannau | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ neatetennau | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ neaunau | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲛⲁⲩ nea- nau |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲩ nem̀pinau | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲛⲁⲩ nem̀pekhnau | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲩ nem̀penau | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ nem̀pefnau | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ nem̀pesnau | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ nem̀pennau | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ nem̀petennau | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ nem̀pounau | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ nem̀pe- nau |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ etainau | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ etakhnau | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ etarenau | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ etafnau | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ etasnau | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ etannau | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ etaretennau | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ etaunau | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲛⲁⲩ eta- nau |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲩ m̀patinau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲩ m̀patekhnau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ m̀patenau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ m̀patefnau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ m̀patesnau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ m̀patennau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ m̀patetennau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ m̀patounau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ m̀pate- nau |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲩ em̀patinau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲩ em̀patekhnau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ em̀patenau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ em̀patefnau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ em̀patesnau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ em̀patennau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ em̀patetennau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ em̀patounau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ em̀pate- nau |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲩ etm̀patinau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲩ etm̀patekhnau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ etm̀patenau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ etm̀patefnau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ etm̀patesnau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ etm̀patennau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ etm̀patetennau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ etm̀patounau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ etm̀pate- nau |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲩ nam̀patinau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲩ nam̀patekhnau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ nam̀patenau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ nam̀patefnau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ nam̀patesnau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ nam̀patennau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ nam̀patetennau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ nam̀patounau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ nam̀pate- nau |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ šainau | ϣⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ šakhnau | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ šarenau | ϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ šafnau | ϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ šasnau | ϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ šannau | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ šatetennau | ϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ šaunau | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ šare- nau |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ m̀painau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ m̀pakhnau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ m̀parenau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ m̀pafnau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ m̀pasnau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ m̀pannau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ m̀paretennau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ m̀paunau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ m̀pare- nau |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ešainau | ⲉϣⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ ešakhnau | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ ešarenau | ⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ešafnau | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ ešasnau | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ešannau | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ešatetennau | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ ešaunau | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ ešare- nau |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ em̀painau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ em̀pakhnau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ em̀parenau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ em̀pafnau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ em̀pasnau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ em̀pannau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ em̀paretennau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ em̀paunau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ em̀pare- nau |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ etšainau | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ etšakhnau | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ etšarenau | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ etšafnau | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ etšasnau | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ etšannau | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ etšatetennau | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ etšaunau | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ etšare- nau |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ etm̀painau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ etm̀pakhnau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ etm̀parenau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ etm̀pafnau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ etm̀pasnau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ etm̀pannau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ etm̀paretennau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ etm̀paunau | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ etm̀pare- nau |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ našainau | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ našakhnau | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ našarenau | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ našafnau | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ našasnau | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ našannau | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ našatetennau | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ našaunau | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ našare- nau |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ nam̀painau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ nam̀pakhnau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ nam̀parenau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ nam̀pafnau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ nam̀pasnau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ nam̀pannau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ nam̀paretennau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ nam̀paunau | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ nam̀pare- nau |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ em̀painau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ em̀pakhnau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ em̀parenau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ em̀pafnau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ em̀pasnau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ em̀pannau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ em̀paretennau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ em̀paunau | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ em̀pare- nau |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲛⲁⲩ eienau | ⲉⲕⲉⲛⲁⲩ ekenau | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ erenau | ⲉϥⲉⲛⲁⲩ efenau | ⲉⲥⲉⲛⲁⲩ esenau | ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲁⲩ enenau | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲛⲁⲩ eretenenau | ⲉⲩⲉⲛⲁⲩ euenau | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ ere- nau |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ ǹnanau | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲭⲛⲁⲩ ǹnekhnau | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲩ ǹnenau | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ǹnefnau | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ ǹnesnau | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ǹnennau | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ǹnetennau | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ ǹnounau | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ ǹne- nau |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲛⲁⲩ marinau | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ marefnau | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ maresnau | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ marennau | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ marounau | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ mare- nau |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲛⲁⲩ m̀penthrinau | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ m̀penthrefnau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ m̀penthresnau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ m̀penthrennau | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ m̀penthreunau | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ m̀penthre- nau |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲩ ǹtanau | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲩ ǹtekhnau | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ ǹtenau | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ǹtefnau | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ ǹtesnau | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ǹtennau | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ǹtetennau | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ ǹsenau, ǹtounau | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ ǹte- nau |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲛⲁⲩ tarinau | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲭⲛⲁⲩ tarekhnau | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ tarenau | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ tarefnau | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ taresnau | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ tarennau | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ taretennau | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ tarounau | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ tare- nau |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲛⲁⲩ šatinau | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲩ šatekhnau | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ šatenau | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ šatefnau | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ šatesnau | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ šatennau | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ šatetennau | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ šatounau | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ šate- nau |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ aišannau | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ akšannau | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ arešannau | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ afšannau | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ asšannau | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ anšannau | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ aretenšannau | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ aušannau | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲛⲁⲩ arešan- nau |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ainau | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲩ akhnau | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ arenau | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ afnau | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ asnau | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ annau | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ aretennau | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ aunau | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ are- nau |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲩ nau | imperative | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲩ nau |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲛⲁⲩ tm̄nau | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲁⲩ m̄pr̄nau |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲩ tinau | ⲕⲛⲁⲩ knau | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ tenau | ϥⲛⲁⲩ fnau | ⲥⲛⲁⲩ snau | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ tn̄nau | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ tetn̄nau | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲩ senau | ⲛⲁⲩ nau |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ eïnau | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲩ eknau | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ erenau | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ efnau | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ esnau | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ennau | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etetn̄nau | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ eunau | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ ere- nau |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲩ etinau | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etk̄nau | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ etenau, eterenau | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etf̄nau | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ets̄nau | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etn̄nau | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etetn̄nau | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ etounau | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ etere- nau |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ neïnau | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲩ neknau | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ nerenau | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ nefnau | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ nesnau | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ nennau | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ netetn̄nau | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ neunau | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ nere- nau |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ tinanau | ⲕⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ knanau | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ tenanau | ϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ fnanau | ⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ snanau | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ tn̄nanau | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ tetnanau | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ senanau | ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ nanau |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ eïnanau | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ eknanau | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ erenanau | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ efnanau | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ esnanau | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ ennanau | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etetnanau | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ eunanau | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ ere- nanau |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etinanau | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etk̄nanau | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etenanau, eterenanau | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etf̄nanau | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ ets̄nanau | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etn̄nanau | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etetnanau | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etounanau | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ etere- nanau |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ neïnanau | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ neknanau | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ nerenanau | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ nefnanau | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ nesnanau | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ nennanau | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ netetnanau | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ neunanau | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ nere- nanau |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ aïnau | ⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ aknau | ⲁⲛⲁⲩ, ⲁⲣⲛⲁⲩ, ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ anau, arnau, arenau | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ afnau | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ asnau | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ annau | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ atetn̄nau | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ aunau | ⲁ- ⲛⲁⲩ a- nau |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲩ m̄pinau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲩ m̄pk̄nau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲩ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲁⲩ m̄penau, m̄pr̄nau | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ m̄pf̄nau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ m̄ps̄nau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ m̄pn̄nau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ m̄petn̄nau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ m̄pounau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ m̄pe- nau |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ eaïnau | ⲉⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ eaknau | ⲉⲁⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉⲁⲣⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ eanau, earnau, earenau | ⲉⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ eafnau | ⲉⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ easnau | ⲉⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ eannau | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ eatetn̄nau | ⲉⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ eaunau | ⲉⲁ- ⲛⲁⲩ ea- nau |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲩ em̄pinau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲩ em̄pk̄nau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲁⲩ em̄penau, em̄pr̄nau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ em̄pf̄nau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ em̄ps̄nau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ em̄pn̄nau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ em̄petn̄nau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ em̄pounau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ em̄pe- nau |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ entaïnau, n̄taïnau | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ entaknau, n̄taknau | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ entanau, n̄tanau, entarnau, n̄tarnau, entarenau, n̄tarenau | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ entafnau, n̄tafnau | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ entasnau, n̄tasnau | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ entannau, n̄tannau | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ entatetn̄nau, n̄tatetn̄nau | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ entaunau, n̄taunau | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲛⲁⲩ enta- nau, n̄ta- nau |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲩ etem̄pinau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etem̄pk̄nau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etem̄penau, etem̄pr̄nau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etem̄pf̄nau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etem̄ps̄nau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etem̄pn̄nau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etem̄petn̄nau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ etem̄pounau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ etem̄pe- nau |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ neaïnau | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ neaknau | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ neanau, nearnau, nearenau | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ neafnau | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ neasnau | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ neannau | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ neatetn̄nau | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ neaunau | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲛⲁⲩ nea- nau |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲩ nem̄pinau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲩ nem̄pk̄nau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲁⲩ nem̄penau, nem̄pr̄nau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ nem̄pf̄nau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ nem̄ps̄nau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ nem̄pn̄nau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ nem̄petn̄nau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ nem̄pounau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ nem̄pe- nau |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ n̄taïnau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ n̄taknau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ n̄tanau, n̄tarnau, n̄tarenau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ n̄tafnau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ n̄tasnau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ n̄tannau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ n̄tatetn̄nau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ n̄taunau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲛⲁⲩ n̄ta- nau |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲩ m̄patinau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲩ m̄patk̄nau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ m̄patenau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ m̄patf̄nau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ m̄pats̄nau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ m̄patn̄nau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ m̄patetn̄nau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ m̄patounau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ m̄pate- nau |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲩ em̄patinau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲩ em̄patk̄nau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ em̄patenau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ em̄patf̄nau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ em̄pats̄nau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ em̄patn̄nau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ em̄patetn̄nau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ em̄patounau | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ em̄pate- nau |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲩ etem̄patinau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etem̄patk̄nau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ etem̄patenau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etem̄patf̄nau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etem̄pats̄nau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etem̄patn̄nau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etem̄patetn̄nau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ etem̄patounau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ etem̄pate- nau |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲁⲩ nem̄patinau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲩ nem̄patk̄nau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ nem̄patenau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ nem̄patf̄nau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ nem̄pats̄nau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ nem̄patn̄nau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ nem̄patetn̄nau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ nem̄patounau | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ nem̄pate- nau |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ šaïnau | ϣⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ šaknau | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ šarenau | ϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ šafnau | ϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ šasnau | ϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ šannau | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ šatetn̄nau | ϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ šaunau | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ šare- nau |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ meïnau | ⲙⲉⲕⲛⲁⲩ meknau | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ merenau | ⲙⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ mefnau | ⲙⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ mesnau | ⲙⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ mennau | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ metetn̄nau | ⲙⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ meunau | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ mere- nau |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ ešaïnau | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ ešaknau | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ ešarenau | ⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ešafnau | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ ešasnau | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ešannau | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ ešatetn̄nau | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ ešaunau | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ ešare- nau |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ emeïnau | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲛⲁⲩ emeknau | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ emerenau | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ emefnau | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ emesnau | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ emennau | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ emetetn̄nau | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ emeunau | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ emere- nau |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ etešaïnau, ešaïnau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ etešaknau, ešaknau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ etešarenau, ešarenau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ etešafnau, ešafnau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ etešasnau, ešasnau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ etešannau, ešannau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etešatetn̄nau, ešatetn̄nau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ etešaunau, ešaunau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ etešare- nau, ešare- nau |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ etemeïnau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲛⲁⲩ etemeknau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ etemerenau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ etemefnau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ etemesnau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ etemennau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etemetetn̄nau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ etemeunau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ etemere- nau |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ nešaïnau | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲁⲩ nešaknau | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ nešarenau | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ nešafnau | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲁⲩ nešasnau | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ nešannau | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ nešatetn̄nau | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ nešaunau | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ nešare- nau |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ nemeïnau | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲛⲁⲩ nemeknau | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ nemerenau | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ nemefnau | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ nemesnau | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ nemennau | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ nemetetn̄nau | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ nemeunau | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ nemere- nau |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ emeïnau | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲛⲁⲩ emeknau | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ emerenau | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ emefnau | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ emesnau | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ emennau | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ emetetn̄nau | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ emeunau | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ emere- nau |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲛⲁⲩ eïenau | ⲉⲕⲉⲛⲁⲩ ekenau | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ erenau | ⲉϥⲉⲛⲁⲩ efenau | ⲉⲥⲉⲛⲁⲩ esenau | ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲁⲩ enenau | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲛⲁⲩ etetnenau | ⲉⲩⲉⲛⲁⲩ euenau | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ ere- nau |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ n̄nanau | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲩ n̄neknau | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲩ n̄nenau | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ n̄nefnau | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ n̄nesnau | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ n̄nennau | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ n̄netn̄nau | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ n̄neunau | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ n̄ne- nau |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲛⲁⲩ marinau | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ marefnau | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ maresnau | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ marn̄nau | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ marounau | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ mare- nau |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲛⲁⲩ m̄pr̄tranau | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ m̄pr̄trefnau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ m̄pr̄tresnau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ m̄pr̄trennau | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ m̄pr̄treunau | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ m̄pr̄tre- nau |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲩ, ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲩ n̄tanau, tanau | ⲛ̄ⲅⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲛⲁⲩ n̄gnau, n̄knau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ n̄tenau | ⲛ̄ϥⲛⲁⲩ n̄fnau | ⲛ̄ⲥⲛⲁⲩ n̄snau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ n̄tn̄nau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ n̄tetn̄nau | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲩ n̄senau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ n̄te- nau |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲛⲁⲩ tarinau | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲛⲁⲩ tareknau | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ tarenau | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ tarefnau | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ taresnau | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ tarn̄nau | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ taretn̄nau | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ tarounau | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ tare- nau |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲛⲁⲩ n̄terinau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲛⲁⲩ n̄tereknau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲛⲁⲩ n̄terenau, n̄terernau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ n̄terefnau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ n̄teresnau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ n̄tern̄nau, n̄terennau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ n̄teretn̄nau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ n̄terounau | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ n̄tere- nau |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲛⲁⲩ šantinau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲩ šantk̄nau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲁⲩ šantenau | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ šantf̄nau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲩ šants̄nau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ šantn̄nau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ šantetn̄nau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲩ šantounau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ šante- nau |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ eïšannau | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ekšannau | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ eršannau, erešannau | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ efšannau | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ esšannau | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ enšannau | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ etetn̄šannau | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ eušannau | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲛⲁⲩ eršan- nau |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲩ eïnau | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲩ eknau | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲩ erenau | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ efnau | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ esnau | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ennau | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲩ etetn̄nau | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ eunau | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲩ ere- nau |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

#### Noun

ⲛⲁⲩ • (nau) m
* vision

#### Derived terms

* ⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ (refnau)

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* ⲛⲟⲩ (nou) — Sahidic
* ⲛⲱ (nō) — Fayyumic
* ⲛⲟ (no) — Akhmimic, Old Coptic
* ⲛⲉⲩ (neu) — Lycopolitan, Fayyumic

#### Noun

ⲛⲁⲩ • (nau) m
* (Bohairic, Sahidic) hour, time
    Synonym: ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ (ounou)
* (Bohairic, Sahidic) daylight

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 113
* Marcion Coptic dictionary