# 旗幟
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qízhì
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˊ ㄓˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kei$^4$ ci$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kî-chì
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ji-tsy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qízhì
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˊ ㄓˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cíjhìh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^2$-chih$^4$
*** Yale: chí-jr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyijyh
*** Palladius: цичжи (cičži)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$奇志 旗幟／旗帜
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kei$^4$ ci$^3$
*** Yale: kèih chi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kei$^4$ tsi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kéi$^4$ qi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰei̯²¹ t͡sʰiː³³/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$其次 旗幟／旗帜
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kî-chì
*** Tâi-lô: kî-tsì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kicix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ki²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki¹³⁻²² t͡si²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ki²⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ji-tsy
*** MiniDict: ji$^去$ tsy
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$jji-tsr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑi²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: gi syiH|tsyhiH
Rime :
| Character | 旗 | 幟 | 幟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) | 書 (26) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 之 (19) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 渠之切 | 式吏切 | 昌志切 |
| Baxter | gi | syiH | tsyhiH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨ/ | /ɕɨ$^H$/ | /t͡ɕʰɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡɨ/ | /ɕɨ$^H$/ | /t͡ɕʰɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡie/ | /ɕie$^H$/ | /t͡ɕʰie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gɨ/ | /ɕɨ$^H$/ | /cʰɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiə/ | /ɕiə$^H$/ | /t͡ɕʰiə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭə/ | /ɕĭə$^H$/ | /t͡ɕʰĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /gi/ | /ɕi$^H$/ | /t͡ɕʰi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qí | shì | chì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | kei$^4$ | si$^3$ | ci$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯ tjɯɡs|tʰjɯɡs|hljɯɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 旗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gi › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ](r)ə/ |
| English | flag |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 旗 | 幟 | 幟 | 幟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 9948 | 17245 | 17248 | 17249 |
| Phonetic component | 其 | 戠 | 戠 | 戠 |
| Rime group | 之 | 代 | 代 | 代 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 其 | 志 | 熾 | 試 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡɯ/ | /*tjɯɡs/ | /*tʰjɯɡs/ | /*hljɯɡs/ |

### Noun

旗幟
* banner; flag (Classifier: 面)
* (figurative) good example; model
* (figurative) representative or charismatic stands, theories, or thoughts
    From: 1978 March 5, National anthem of the People's Republic of China (1978-1982)
    Wǒmen qiānqiūwàndài gāojǔ Máo Zédōng qízhì, / qiánjìn! / gāojǔ Máo Zédōng qízhì, / qiánjìn, qiánjìn, qiánjìn, jìn! [Pinyin]
    We will for many generations / raise high Mao Zedong's banner! / March on! / Raise high Mao Zedong's banner! / March on! March on! March on! On!

#### Synonyms

* (banner):
* 旌旗 (jīngqí) (literary)
* 旗仔 (Hakka, Hokkien)
* 旗子 (qízi)
* 旗號／旗号 (qíhào) (chiefly historical)
* 標／标 (biāo)
* (good example):
* 典型 (diǎnxíng)
* 典範／典范 (diǎnfàn)
* 書式／书式 (shūshì) (literary)
* 格式 (géshì)
* 楷模 (kǎimó)
* 榜樣／榜样 (bǎngyàng)
* 標兵／标兵 (biāobīng) (figurative)
* 樣板／样板 (yàngbǎn)
* 標竿／标竿 (biāogān)
* 模範／模范 (mófàn)
* 法式
* 程式 (chéngshì)
* 範例／范例 (fànlì)
* 表率 (biǎoshuài)
* 訓／训 (xùn) (literary, or in compounds)

#### Derived terms

* 五方旗幟／五方旗帜 (wǔfāng qízhì)
* 旗幟學／旗帜学 (qízhìxué)
* 旗幟鮮明／旗帜鲜明 (qízhìxiānmíng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 旗幟(きし) (kishi)
* → Korean: 기치(旗幟) (gichi)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 旗 | 幟 |
| き Grade: 4 | し Hyōgai |
| kan'on | on'yomi |

### Etymology

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 旗幟 (MC gi syiH|tsyhiH, literally “flag + banner”).
First cited in Japanese to a portion of the Shoku Nihongi dated to 765.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きし [kíꜜshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* (Tokyo) きし [kìshíꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [kʲi̥ɕi]

### Noun

旗(き)幟(し) • (kishi)
* [from 765] banner, flag (particularly as used in battle to show position on the field)
* [from 1890] (by extension from the "position" sense) one's clear stance, attitude, or position with regard to an issue; a person who clearly advocates for such a position

### References

* 1 2 “旗幟”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 旗 | 幟 |

### Noun

旗幟 • (gichi) (hangeul 기치)
* hanja form of 기치 (“banner, flag”)