# 鵲

| 鵲 | U+9D72, &#40306; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9D72 |
| ← 鵱 [U+9D71] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鵳 → [U+9D73] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鵲 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+8, 19 strokes, cangjie input 廿日竹日火 (TAHAF), four-corner 4762$_7$, composition ⿰昔鳥)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1492, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47014
* Dae Jaweon: page 2022, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4638, character 22
* Unihan data for U+9D72

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 借 | *ʔsjaːɡs, *ʔsjaːɡ |
| 唶 | *ʔsjaːɡs |
| 藉 | *zjaːɡs, *zjaːɡ |
| 躤 | *zjaːɡs |
| 蜡 | *zraːɡs, *sʰaːɡs |
| 齰 | *zraːɡs, *zraːɡ |
| 醋 | *sʰaːɡs |
| 錯 | *sʰaːɡs, *sʰaːɡ |
| 措 | *sʰaːɡs |
| 厝 | *sʰaːɡs, *sʰaːɡ |
| 逪 | *sʰaːɡ |
| 剒 | *sʰaːɡ |
| 鵲 | *sʰaɡ |
| 碏 | *sʰaɡ |
| 踖 | *sʰaɡ, *ʔsjaːɡ, *zjaːɡ |
| 趞 | *sʰaɡ |
| 皵 | *sʰaɡ, *sʰjaːɡ |
| 舄 | *sʰjaːɡ, *sʰaɡ, *sjaːɡ, *sjaːɡ |
| 斮 | *ʔsraɡ, *ʔsraːɡ |
| 簎 | *zraːwɢ, *sʰraːɡ, *zjaːɡ |
| 諎 | *ʔsraːɡ |
| 矠 | *sʰreːɡ, *zreːɡ |
| 庴 | *ʔsjaːɡ, *zjaːɡ |
| 籍 | *zjaːɡ |
| 耤 | *zjaːɡ |
| 猎 | *zjaːɡ |
| 昔 | *sjaːɡ |
| 惜 | *sjaːɡ |
| 腊 | *sjaːɡ |
| 焟 | *sjaːɡ |
| 棤 | *sjaːɡ |

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “onomatopoeic (同源字典補)? 'Altaic' (Starostin 2007) ?”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): què (que$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): coek$^3$ / zoek$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): siak
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiag$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiok / chhiak
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: què
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyuè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻüeh$^4$
*** Yale: chywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueh
*** Palladius: цюэ (cjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coek$^3$ / zoek$^3$
*** Yale: cheuk / jeuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoek$^8$ / dzoek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêg$^3$ / zêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœːk̚³/, /t͡sœːk̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siak
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiag$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiag$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯ak̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xiag$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /siak̚¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiok
*** Tâi-lô: tshiok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiog
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
*** Tâi-lô: tshiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiak̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: tshjak
Rime :
| Character | 鵲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 七雀切 |
| Baxter | tshjak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰiɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰiɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰiak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰĭak̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰi̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | que |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | coek$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰaɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鵲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | què |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshjak › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ak/ |
| English | magpie |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鵲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13284 |
| Phonetic component | 昔 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鵲 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰaɡ/ |

### Definitions

鵲
* magpie
    Synonym: 喜鵲／喜鹊 (xǐquè)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Chún zhī bēnbēn, què zhī jiāngjiāng. Rén zhī wú liáng, wǒ yǐ wéi xiōng. [Pinyin]
    The quails run [in pairs]. The magpies fly [in pairs]. That man is not nice. I call him brother.

### Compounds

* 喜鵲／喜鹊 (xǐquè)
* 喜鵲叫吉／喜鹊叫吉
* 扁鵲／扁鹊
* 烏鵲成橋／乌鹊成桥
* 烏鵲橋／乌鹊桥
* 烏鵲通巢／乌鹊通巢
* 理院鵲巢／理院鹊巢
* 聲名鵲起／声名鹊起 (shēngmíngquèqǐ)
* 聲譽鵲起／声誉鹊起
* 防有鵲巢／防有鹊巢
* 鳩佔鵲巢／鸠占鹊巢 (jiūzhànquècháo)
* 鳩僭鵲巢／鸠僭鹊巢 (jiūjiànquècháo)
* 鳩奪鵲巢／鸠夺鹊巢 (jiūduóquècháo)
* 鳩居鵲巢／鸠居鹊巢 (jiūjūquècháo)
* 鴉飛鵲亂／鸦飞鹊乱
* 鳷鵲／𫛛鹊
* 鴉鵲／鸦鹊
* 鴉鵲不聞／鸦鹊不闻
* 鴉鵲嶺／鸦鹊岭 (Yāquèlǐng)
* 鴉鵲無聲／鸦鹊无声
* 鵲印／鹊印
* 鵲噪／鹊噪
* 鵲報／鹊报
* 鵲巢／鹊巢
* 鵲巢鳩佔／鹊巢鸠占 (quècháojiūzhàn)
* 鵲橋／鹊桥 (quèqiáo)
* 鵲笑鳩舞／鹊笑鸠舞
* 鵲語／鹊语
* 鵲起／鹊起

### Descendants

* ⇒ Zhuang: roeggacak

### References

* “鵲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: さく (saku)
* Kan-on: しゃく (shaku)
* Kan’yō-on: じゃく (jaku)
* Kun: かささぎ (kasasagi, 鵲)

#### Compounds

* 鵲(ふじ)豆(まめ) (fujimame, “hyacinth bean”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 鵲
* かささぎ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese, first appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Derivation unknown, theories include:
* The initial kasa- may be cognate with or a borrowing from an earlier form of Korean 까치 (kkachi, “magpie”).
* The final -sagi may be a reference to the white chest, alluding to the similar plumage of certain kinds of 鷺 (sagi, “heron, egret”).
* Alternatively, the final -sagi may derive from onomatopoeia, imitative of the bird's call.
* May be a corruption of 烏 (karasu, “crow”) + 鷺 (sagi, “heron, egret”):
    /karasu saɡi/ → */kasːaɡi/ → /kasasaɡi/
* May be a corruption of カラ (kara, onomatopoeia for cawing, seen in 烏 (karasu), “crow”) + 鷦鷯 (sasagi, “wren”, obsolete):
    /kara sasaɡi/ → /kasasaɡi/
* May be a corruption of カチカチ (kachikachi, onomatopoeia imitative of the bird's call) + 鷺 (sagi, “heron, egret”):
    /kat͡ɕikat͡ɕi saɡi/ → */kat̚t͡sasaɡi/ → /kasasaɡi/

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かささぎ [kàsáságí] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) かささぎ [kàsáꜜsàgì] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ka̠sa̠sa̠ɡʲi]

#### Noun

鵲(かささぎ) or 鵲(カササギ) • (kasasagi)
* the Eurasian magpie, Pica pica
    Synonyms: (literally “Goryeo (ancient Korea) crow”) 高麗烏 (Kōrai-garasu), (literally “Joseon (medieval Korea) crow”) 朝鮮烏 (Chōsen-garasu)

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カササギ.

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:鵲.

##### Derived terms

* 鵲(かささぎ)の鏡(かがみ) (kasasagi no kagami)
* 鵲(かささぎ)の橋(はし) (kasasagi no hashi)
* 鵲(かささぎ)雁(がん) (kasasagi gan)

#### Proper noun

鵲(かささぎ) • (Kasasagi)
* (historical) an 鴻 (Ōtori)-class torpedo boat of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 鵲
* じゃく Hyōgai
* kan'yōon
From Middle Chinese 鵲 (MC tshjak).

#### Affix

鵲(じゃく) • (jaku)
* Eurasian magpie

##### Derived terms

* 鵲(じゃっ)橋(きょう) (jakkyō)
* 烏(う)鵲(じゃく) (ujaku)
* 山(さん)鵲(じゃく) (sanjaku)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Entry in Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)

## Korean
### Hanja

鵲 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak, Yale cak)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 산작 (山鵲, sanjak)
* 오작 (烏鵲, ojak)
* 작교 (鵲橋, jakgyo)
* 작보 (鵲報, jakbo)
* 작성 (鵲聲, jakseong)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鵲: Hán Nôm readings: thước
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.