# 拄

| 拄 | U+62C4, &#25284; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62C4 |
| ← 拃 [U+62C3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 担 → [U+62C5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

拄 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手卜土 (QYG), four-corner 5001$_4$, composition ⿰扌主)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 424, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11940
* Dae Jaweon: page 772, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1857, character 1
* Unihan data for U+62C4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 飳 | *tʰoːʔ |
| 妵 | *tʰoːʔ |
| 黈 | *tʰoːʔ |
| 蘣 | *tʰoːʔ |
| 罜 | *doːɡ, *tjos |
| 拄 | *toʔ |
| 柱 | *toʔ, *doʔ |
| 駐 | *tos |
| 註 | *tos, *tjos |
| 鉒 | *tos |
| 軴 | *tos |
| 住 | *tos, *dos |
| 跓 | *doʔ |
| 嵀 | *doʔ |
| 主 | *tjoʔ |
| 麈 | *tjoʔ |
| 宔 | *tjoʔ |
| 炷 | *tjoʔ, *tjos |
| 注 | *tjos |
| 疰 | *tjos |
| 蛀 | *tjos |
| 霔 | *tjos |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duːŋ (“post; column”). Cognate with 柱 (OC *toʔ, *doʔ, “post; column”); see there for more.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǔ (zhu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): diū
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zu$^2$ / zu$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔ
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^3$
*** Yale: jǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juu
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zyu$^2$
*** Yale: jyú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzy$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ju$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syː³⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: diū
*** Sinological IPA : /tieu³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tú
*** Tâi-lô: tú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: duo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tu⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tu⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tu⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tu⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tu⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zu$^2$ / zu$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsú / tsŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su⁵²/, /t͡su³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: trjuX
Rime :
| Character | 拄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 知庾切 |
| Baxter | trjuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶio$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈuə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶio$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶi̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zyu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*t<r>oʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*toʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 拄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trju$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*t<r>oʔ/ |
| English | prop up, support (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 拄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17607 |
| Phonetic component | 主 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 拄 |
| Old Chinese | /*toʔ/ |

### Definitions

拄
* to prop; to support
* to lean on; to be propped up (with a stick, etc.)
* (archaic) to open (one's eyes)
* (literary or Hokkien, Eastern Min) to ridicule; to retort; to talk back
* (archaic or Eastern Min) to prod; to poke
* (literary) to block; to plug
* (Hokkien) to equal; to be able to exchange one for another
* (Hokkien) to cancel out
* (Hokkien) to meet; to encounter
* (Hokkien) just; just now; a moment ago
* (Quanzhou Hokkien) to give change

#### Synonyms

* (to prop): 支撐／支撑 (zhīchēng)
* (encounter):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 遇, 碰, 遭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 遇, 碰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 遇, 碰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 遇, 碰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 遇, 撞 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 遇, 撞 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 遇, 撞 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 遇 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 遇, 撞 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 拄, 撞, 衝, 磅 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 拄, 撞, 衝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 拄, 衝 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 拄, 撞, 磅 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 拄 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 拄 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 拄, 遇 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 遇, 堵 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 遇 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 遇, 堵 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 堵 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 碰 |
* (just now):
* 今仔 (Hokkien)
* 剛剛／刚刚 (gānggāng)
* 剛才／刚才 (gāngcái)
* 方才 (fāngcái)
* 暫／暂 (zàn) (literary)
* 站仔 (Hokkien)
* 適才／适才 (shìcái)
* (to give change): 找 (zhǎo)

### Compounds

* 十巴拄 (si̍p-pa-tú)
* 小拄
* 拄喙
* 拄好 (tú-hó)
* 拄才 (tú-chiah)
* 拄拐 (zhǔguǎi)
* 拄拄 (tú-tú)
* 拄撐／拄撑
* 拄杖 (zhǔzhàng)
* 拄牆／拄墙
* 拄笏
* 拄笏看山
* 拄笏西山
* 拄著／拄着 (tú-tio̍h)
* 拄頤／拄颐
* 拄頰／拄颊
* 拄頰看山／拄颊看山
* 搘拄
* 撑天拄地
* 撐天拄地／撑天拄地
* 撐拄／撑拄
* 撑拄
* 撐腸拄肚／撑肠拄肚
* 撐腸拄腹／撑肠拄腹
* 支拄
* 枝拄
* 觝拄／抵拄
* 通天拄杖
* 過頭拄杖／过头拄杖

### References

* “Entry #3948”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ちゅ (chu)
* Kun: あげる (ageru, 拄げる)

## Korean
### Hanja

拄 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

拄: Hán Nôm readings: chủ, trụ, chỏ, chõ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.