# पर्ण
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇa). Doublet of पन्ना (pannā, “page”) and पान (pān, “betel leaf”).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /pəɾɳ/, [pɐɾɳ]

### Noun

पर्ण • (parṇ) m (Urdu spelling پرݨ)
* feather (of a bird)
    Synonym: पर (par)
* leaf (of a tree)
    Synonyms: पत्ता (pattā), पत्र (patra)

#### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “पर्ण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* পৰ্ণ (Assamese script)
* ᬧᬃᬡ (Balinese script)
* পর্ণ (Bengali script)
* 𑰢𑰨𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀧𑀭𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* ပရ်္ဏ (Burmese script)
* પર્ણ (Gujarati script)
* ਪਰ੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌪𑌰𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
* ꦥꦂꦟ (Javanese script)
* 𑂣𑂩𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
* ಪರ್ಣ (Kannada script)
* បណ៌ (Khmer script)
* ປຣ຺ຓ (Lao script)
* പര്ണ (Malayalam script)
* ᢒᠠᡵᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘢𑘨𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
* ᢒᠠᠷᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧂𑧈𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐥𑐬𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
* ପର୍ଣ (Odia script)
* ꢦꢬ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆥𑆫𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
* 𑖢𑖨𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
* පර්‍ණ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩰𑩼 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚞𑚤𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
* பர்ண (Tamil script)
* పర్ణ (Telugu script)
* ปรฺณ (Thai script)
* པ་རྞ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒣𑒩𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨞𑨫𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *parnám (“leaf, feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *pornóm (“feather, wing”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (par$^ə$na), Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”), English fern.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /pɐɾ.ɳɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈpɐɾ.ɳɐ/

### Noun

पर्ण • (parṇá) stem, n
* pinion, feather (also of an arrow), wing
* leaf (regarded as the plumage of a tree)

#### Derived terms

* ताम्रपर्णी (tāmraparṇī)
* पर्णशाला (parṇaśālā)

#### Borrowed terms

* → Hindi: पर्ण (parṇ)
* → Tamil: பர்ணம் (parṇam), பன்னம் (paṉṉam)
* → Kannada: ಪರ್ಣ (parṇa)

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (paṇa)
** Kalasha: pọ̃
** Kashmiri: پَن (pan)
* Helu Prakrit:
** Dhivehi: ފަން (fan̊)
** Sinhalese: පන (pana)
* Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡 (paṇṇa)
** Assamese: পাণ (pan, “betel leaf”)
** Bengali: পান (pan, “betel leaf”)
** Bihari: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
*** Bhojpuri: 𑂣𑂰𑂢 (pān, “betel leaf”)
*** Maithili: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
*** Magahi: 𑂣𑂰𑂢 (pān, “betel leaf”)
** Odia: ପାନ (pāna, “betel leaf”)
** Sylheti: ꠙꠣꠘ (fan, “betel leaf”)
* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡 (paṇṇa)
** Gurjara Apabhramsa: पण्ण (paṇṇa)
*** Old Gujarati: पान (pāna)
**** Gujarati: પાન (pān)
***** ⇒ Gujarati: પાંદડું (pā̃dḍũ)
**** Marwari: पान (pān)
** Konkani: पान (pān)
** Old Marathi: 𑘢𑘰𑘡 (pāna)
*** Marathi: पान (pān)
** Hindustani: pān
    Hindi: पान
    Urdu: پان (pān)
* Pali: paṇṇa
** → Khmer: ប័ណ្ណ (ban) (learned)
** → Lao: ບັນນະ (ban na) (learned)
** → Thai: บรรณ (ban) (learned)
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡 (paṇṇa)
** Doteli: पन्ना (pannā)
** Garhwali: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
** Gurjara Apabhramsa: पण्ण (paṇṇa)
*** Old Gujarati: पान (pāna)
**** Gujarati: પાન (pān)
***** ⇒ Gujarati: પાંદડું (pā̃dḍũ)
**** Marwari: पान (pān)
** Hindustani:
    Hindi: पान (pān, “betel leaf”), पन्ना (pannā, “page”)
    Urdu: پن (pān, “betel leaf”), پنا (pannā, “page”)
** Kumaoni: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
** Nepali: पानु (pānu), पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
** Punjabi: ਪੰਨਾ (pannā)
** Sindhi: पनु (panu)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “पर्ण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 606/2.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 97
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “parṇá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press