# 爪牙
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǎoyá
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄠˇ ㄧㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaau$^2$ ngaa$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): jiáu-gê / liáu-gâ / niáu-gê / niáu-gâ / jiáu-gêe
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsau-nga
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎoyá
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄠˇ ㄧㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎoyá
*** Wade–Giles: chao$^3$-ya$^2$
*** Yale: jǎu-yá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaoya
*** Palladius: чжаоя (čžaoja)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaau$^2$ ngaa$^4$
*** Yale: jáau ngàh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaau$^2$ ngaa$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zao$^2$ nga$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːu̯³⁵ ŋaː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiáu-gê
*** Tâi-lô: jiáu-gê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiaw'gee
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡe²³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liáu-gâ
*** Tâi-lô: liáu-gâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liaw'gaa
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡa²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niáu-gê
*** Tâi-lô: niáu-gê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: niaw'gee
*** IPA (Taipei): /niãu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡe²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niáu-gâ
*** Tâi-lô: niáu-gâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: niaw'gaa
*** IPA (Xiamen): /niãu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡa²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiáu-gêe
*** Tâi-lô: jiáu-gêe
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡɛ¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tsau-nga
*** MiniDict: tsau$^去$ nga
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tsau-nga
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɔ³³ ŋa⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsraewX ngae
Rime :
| Character | 爪 | 牙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 莊 (18) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 側絞切 | 五加切 |
| Baxter | tsraewX | ngae |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃˠau$^X$/ | /ŋˠa/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂᵚau$^X$/ | /ŋᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃau$^X$/ | /ŋa/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂaɨw$^X$/ | /ŋaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃau$^X$/ | /ŋa/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃau$^X$/ | /ŋa/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂau$^X$/ | /ŋa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǎo | yá |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zaau$^2$ | ngaa$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤ<r>uʔ m-ɢˤ<r>a/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsruːʔ ŋraː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 爪 | 牙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhǎo | yá |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsræw$^X$ › | ‹ ngæ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁ<r>uʔ/ | /*m-ɢˁ<r>a/ |
| English | claw | tooth |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 爪 | 牙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17658 | 14177 |
| Phonetic component | 爪 | 牙 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 爪 | 牙 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsruːʔ/ | /*ŋraː/ |

### Noun

爪牙
* (literally) claws and fangs of animals
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Yǐn wú zhǎoyá zhī lì, jīngǔ zhī qiáng, shàng shí āitǔ, xià yǐn huángquán, yòngxīn yī yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE
    Fán rén zhī xìng, zhǎoyá bù zúyǐ zì shǒuwèi, jīfū bù zúyǐ hàn hánshǔ, jīngǔ bù zúyǐ cóng lì bì hài, yǒnggǎn bù zúyǐ què měng jìn hàn. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (figurative, derogatory) lackey; underling; henchman
* (figurative, literary) warrior
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Qí fù, yǔ wáng zhī zhǎoyá. Hú zhuǎn yǔ yú xù, mǐ suǒ zhǐjū. [Pinyin]
    Minister of war, we are the claws and teeth of the king. Why have you rolled us into this sorrow, so that we have no abiding place?

#### Synonyms

* (lackey):
* 共犯 (gòngfàn)
* 共謀／共谋 (gòngmóu)
* 同夥／同伙 (tónghuǒ)
* 同案犯 (tóng'ànfàn)
* 同犯 (tóngfàn)
* 同謀／同谋 (tóngmóu)
* 同謀犯／同谋犯 (tóngmóufàn)
* 同黨／同党 (tóngdǎng)
* 幫兇／帮凶 (bāngxiōng)
* 狗腿 (gǒutuǐ) (figurative, derogatory)
* 狗腿子 (gǒutuǐzi) (figurative, derogatory)
* 走卒 (zǒuzú)
* 走狗 (zǒugǒu) (figurative, derogatory)
* 鷹犬／鹰犬 (yīngquǎn) (figurative)

#### Derived terms

* 心膂爪牙
* 爪牙之士
* 爪牙之將／爪牙之将
* 爪牙吏
* 爪牙官

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 爪(そう)牙(が) (sōga)
* → Korean: 조아(爪牙) (joa)
* → Vietnamese: trảo nha (爪牙)