# 杞

| 杞 | U+675E, &#26462; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-675E |
| ← 杝 [U+675D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 束 → [U+675F] |
| 杞 | U+2F8DB, &#194779; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8DB |
| ← 朡 [U+2F8DA] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 杓 → [U+2F8DC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

杞 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木尸山 (DSU), four-corner 4791$_7$, composition ⿰木己 or ⿰木已)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 512, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14479
* Dae Jaweon: page 898, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1162, character 3
* Unihan data for U+675E
* Unihan data for U+2F8DB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 改 | *klɯːʔ |
| 跽 | *ɡrɯʔ |
| 己 | *kɯʔ |
| 紀 | *kɯʔ |
| 妀 | *kɯʔ |
| 記 | *kɯs |
| 杞 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 屺 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 芑 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 邔 | *kʰɯʔ, *ɡɯs |
| 玘 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 忌 | *ɡɯs |
| 鵋 | *ɡɯs |
| 誋 | *ɡɯs |
| 梞 | *ɡɯs |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qǐ (qi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gei$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kí
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǐ
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^3$
*** Yale: chǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chii
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^2$
*** Yale: géi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kí
*** Tâi-lô: kí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ki⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ki⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: khiX
Rime :
| Character | 杞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 墟里切 |
| Baxter | khiX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰiə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kʰi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hei$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 杞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5769 |
| Phonetic component | 己 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 起 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰɯʔ/ |

### Definitions

杞
* Salix integra
    Synonym: 杞柳 (qǐliǔ)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Jiāng Zhòngzǐ xī, wú yú wǒ lǐ, wú zhé wǒ shùqǐ. [Pinyin]
    I pray you, Master Zhong, Do not come leaping into my hamlet; Do not break my willow trees.
* wolfberry
    Synonym: 枸杞 (gǒuqǐ)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Piānpiān zhě zhuī, zǎi fēi zǎi zhǐ, jí yú bāoqǐ. [Pinyin]
    Darting and dashing are the turtle-doves; now flying, now stopping; gathering on the lush wolfberry-trees.
* a kind of tree
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Nánshān yǒu qǐ, běishān yǒu lǐ. [Pinyin]
    On the southern hills there are qi-trees; on the northern hills there are plum-trees.
* a small feudal state (Qi), founded in Henan during the Shang Dynasty
    杞人憂天／杞人忧天 ― Qǐrényōutiān ― The man of Qi worrying about the sky
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Qǐ xiǎowēi, qí shì bùzú chēngshù. [Pinyin]
    Qi was too small; its affairs are not worth narrating.
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zǐyuē: “Xiàlǐ, wú néng yán zhī, Qǐ bùzú zhēng yě; Yīnlǐ, wú néng yán zhī, Sòng bùzú zhēng yě. Wénxiàn bùzú gù yě, zú zé wú néng zhēng zhī yǐ.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "I could describe the ceremonies of the Xia dynasty, but Qi cannot sufficiently attest my words. I could describe the ceremonies of the Yin dynasty, but Song cannot sufficiently attest my words. (They cannot do so) because of the insufficiency of their records and wise men. If those were sufficient, I could adduce them in support of my words."

#### Compounds

* 杞人之憂／杞人之忧
* 杞人憂天／杞人忧天 (qǐrényōutiān)
* 杞國憂天／杞国忧天
* 杞天
* 杞宋無徵／杞宋无征
* 杞憂／杞忧 (qǐyōu)
* 杞柳 (qǐliǔ)
* 杞梓
* 杞梁妻
* 枸杞 (gǒuqǐ)
* 枸杞子 (gǒuqǐzǐ)
* 樹杞／树杞
* 萬杞良／万杞良
* 荊南杞梓／荆南杞梓
* 荊杞／荆杞

#### Usage notes

According to Zhu Xi's 《詩經集傳》 Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Poetry, there are three kinds of trees named 杞 (qǐ) in the Classic of Poetry:
* 「柳屬也。」 "a kind of willows", i.e. Salix integra,
* 「枸檵也。」 "wolfberry", and
* 「樹，如樗。一名狗骨。」 "a tree which resembles the varnish tree [Ailanthus glandulosa] and is also named 'dog-bone'," (though unlikely to be the shrubby 麻黃／麻黄 (máhuáng, “ephedra”)).
Legge translated 杞 (qǐ) as either "willow" or "medlar".

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: こ (ko)
* Kan-on: き (ki)
* Kun: すき (suki)、ふご (fugo)、もっこ (mokko)

## Korean
### Hanja

杞 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

杞: Hán Nôm readings: khởi, kỷ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.