# ⲛⲉⲩ
## Coptic
### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* ⲛⲁⲩ (nau) — Sahidic, Bohairic
* ⲛⲟ (no) — Akhmimic, Lycopolitan
* ⲛⲁⲟⲩ (naou) — Old Coptic

#### Verb

ⲛⲉⲩ • (neu) (imperative ⲁⲛⲉⲩ)
* (Fayyumic, Lycopolitan) to look at, to see
* (Fayyumic, Lycopolitan) to perceive

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲩ neu | imperative | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲩ neu |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲛⲉⲩ štemneu | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲛⲉⲩ, ⲡⲉⲗⲛⲉⲩ mpelneu, pelneu |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉⲩ tineu | ⲕⲛⲉⲩ kneu | ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ teneu | ϥⲛⲉⲩ fneu | ⲥⲛⲉⲩ sneu | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ tenneu | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ tetenneu | ⲥⲉⲛⲉⲩ seneu | ⲛⲉⲩ neu |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉⲩ eineu | ⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ ekneu | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ eleneu | ⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ efneu | ⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ esneu | ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ enneu | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ eletenneu | ⲉⲩⲛⲉⲩ euneu | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ ele- neu |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉⲩ etineu | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ etekneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ eteneu | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ etefneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ etesneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ etenneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ etetenneu | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ etouneu | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ ete- neu, etele- neu |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉⲩ naineu | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ nakneu | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ naleneu | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ nafneu | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ nasneu | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ nanneu | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ naletenneu | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ nauneu | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ nale- neu |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉⲩ aineu | ⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ akneu | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ aleneu | ⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ afneu | ⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ asneu | ⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ anneu | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ aletenneu | ⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ auneu | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ ale- neu |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ tineneu | ⲕⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ kneneu | ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ teneneu | ϥⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ fneneu | ⲥⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ sneneu | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ tenneneu | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ tetenneneu | ⲥⲉⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ seneneu | ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ neneu |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ eineneu | ⲉⲕⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ ekneneu | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ eleneneu | ⲉϥⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ efneneu | ⲉⲥⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ esneneu | ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ enneneu | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ eletenneneu | ⲉⲩⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ euneneu | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ ele- neneu |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ etineneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ etekneneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ eteneneu | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ etefneneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ etesneneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ etenneneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ etetenneneu | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ etouneneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ etele- neneu |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ naineneu | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ nakneneu | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ naleneneu | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ nafneneu | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ nasneneu | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ nanneneu | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ naletenneneu | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ nauneneu | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ nale- neneu |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ aineneu | ⲁⲕⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ akneneu | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ aleneneu | ⲁϥⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ afneneu | ⲁⲥⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ asneneu | ⲁⲛⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ anneneu | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ aletenneneu | ⲁⲩⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ auneneu | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ ale- neneu |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲛⲉⲩ aineu | ⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ akneu | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ aleneu | ⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ afneu | ⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ asneu | ⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ anneu | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ atetenneu | ⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ auneu | ⲁ- ⲛⲉⲩ a- neu |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓⲛⲉⲩ mpineu | ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ mpekneu | ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲉⲩ mpeneu | ⲙⲡⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ mpefneu | ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ mpesneu | ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ mpenneu | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ mpetenneu | ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ mpouneu | ⲙⲡⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ mpe- neu |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲛⲉⲩ eaineu | ⲉⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ eakneu | ⲉⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ ealeneu | ⲉⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ eafneu | ⲉⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ easneu | ⲉⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ eanneu | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ eatetenneu | ⲉⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ eauneu | ⲉⲁ- ⲛⲉⲩ ea- neu |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲛⲉⲩ empineu | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ empekneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲉⲩ empeneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ empefneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ empesneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ empenneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ empetenneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ empouneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ empe- neu |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲛⲉⲩ ntaineu | ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ ntakneu | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ ntaleneu | ⲛⲧⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ ntafneu | ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ ntasneu | ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ ntanneu | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ etaletenneu | ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ ntauneu | ⲛⲧⲁ- ⲛⲉⲩ nta- neu |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓⲛⲉⲩ etempineu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ etempekneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲉⲩ etempeneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ etempefneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ etempesneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ etempenneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ etempetenneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ etempouneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ etempe- neu |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓⲛⲉⲩ nneaineu | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ nneakneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ nnealeneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ nneafneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ nneasneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ nneanneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nneatetenneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ nneauneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ⲛⲉⲩ nnea- neu |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲛⲉⲩ nnempineu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ nnempekneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲉⲩ nnempeneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ nnempefneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ nnempesneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nnempenneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nnempetenneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ nnempouneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ nnempe- neu |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓⲛⲉⲩ aaineu | ⲁⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ aakneu | ⲁⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ aaleneu | ⲁⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ aafneu | ⲁⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ aasneu | ⲁⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ aanneu | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ etaletenneu | ⲁⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ aauneu | ⲁⲁ- ⲛⲉⲩ aa- neu |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯⲛⲉⲩ mpatineu | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ mpatekneu | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ mpateneu | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ mpatefneu | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ mpatesneu | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ mpatenneu | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ mpatetenneu | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ mpatouneu | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ mpate- neu |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲛⲉⲩ empatineu | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ empatekneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ empateneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ empatefneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ empatesneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ empatenneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ empatetenneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ empatouneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ empate- neu |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲛⲉⲩ etempatineu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ etempatekneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ etempateneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ etempatefneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ etempatesneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ etempatenneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ etempatetenneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ etempatouneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ etempate- neu |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲛⲉⲩ nnempatineu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ nnempatekneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ nnempateneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ nnempatefneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ nnempatesneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nnempatenneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nnempatetenneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ nnempatouneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ nnempate- neu |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲛⲉⲩ šaineu | ϣⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ šakneu | ϣⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ šaleneu | ϣⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ šafneu | ϣⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ šasneu | ϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ šanneu | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ šatetenneu | ϣⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ šauneu | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ šale- neu |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓⲛⲉⲩ meineu | ⲙⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ mekneu | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ meleneu | ⲙⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ mefneu | ⲙⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ mesneu | ⲙⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ menneu | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ meletenneu | ⲙⲉⲩⲛⲉⲩ meuneu | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ mele- neu |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲛⲉⲩ ešaineu | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ ešakneu | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ ešaleneu | ⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ ešafneu | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ ešasneu | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ ešanneu | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ ešatetenneu | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ ešauneu | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ ešale- neu |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓⲛⲉⲩ emeineu | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ emekneu | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ emeleneu | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ emefneu | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ emesneu | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ emenneu | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ emeletenneu | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲛⲉⲩ emeuneu | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ emele- neu |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲓⲛⲉⲩ etešaineu, nšaineu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ etešakneu, nšakneu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ etešaleneu, nšaleneu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛϣⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ etešafneu, nšafneu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ etešasneu, nšasneu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ etešanneu, nšanneu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ etešatetenneu, nšatetenneu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ etešauneu, nšauneu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ etešale- neu, nšale- neu |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓⲛⲉⲩ etemeineu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ etemekneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ etemeleneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ etemefneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ etemesneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ etemenneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ etemeletenneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲛⲉⲩ etemeuneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ etemele- neu |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓⲛⲉⲩ nnešaineu | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ nnešakneu | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ nnešaleneu | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ nnešafneu | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ nnešasneu | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ nnešanneu | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nnešatetenneu | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ nnešauneu | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ nnešale- neu |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓⲛⲉⲩ nnemeineu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ nnemekneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ nnemeleneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ nnemefneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ nnemesneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nnemenneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nnemeletenneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲛⲉⲩ nnemeuneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ nnemele- neu |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓⲛⲉⲩ nmeineu | ⲛⲙⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ nmekneu | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ nmeleneu | ⲛⲙⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ nmefneu | ⲛⲙⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ nmesneu | ⲛⲙⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nmenneu | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nmeletenneu | ⲛⲙⲉⲩⲛⲉⲩ nmeuneu | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ nmele- neu |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲛⲉⲩ eieneu | ⲉⲕⲉⲛⲉⲩ ekeneu | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ eleneu | ⲉϥⲉⲛⲉⲩ efeneu | ⲉⲥⲉⲛⲉⲩ eseneu | ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ eneneu | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ eleteneneu | ⲉⲩⲉⲛⲉⲩ eueneu | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ ele- neu |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ nnaneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ nnekneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ nneneu | ⲛⲛⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ nnefneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ nnesneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nnenneu | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nnetenneu | ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ nnouneu | ⲛⲛⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ nne- neu |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲛⲉⲩ malineu | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ malefneu | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ malesneu | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ malenneu | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ malouneu | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ male- neu |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓⲛⲉⲩ mpeltrineu | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ mpeltrefneu | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ mpeltresneu | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ mpeltrenneu | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩⲛⲉⲩ mpeltreuneu | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ mpeltre- neu |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲉⲩ taneu, ntaneu | ⲛⲕⲛⲉⲩ nkneu | ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ nteneu | ⲛϥⲛⲉⲩ nfneu | ⲛⲥⲛⲉⲩ nsneu | ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ ntenneu | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ ntetenneu | ⲛⲥⲉⲛⲉⲩ nseneu | ⲛⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ nte- neu |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓⲛⲉⲩ talineu, ntalineu | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ talekneu, ntalekneu | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ taleneu, ntaleneu | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ talefneu, ntalefneu | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ talesneu, ntalesneu | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ talenneu, ntalenneu | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ taletenneu, ntaletenneu | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ talouneu, ntalouneu | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ tale- neu, ntale- neu |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓⲛⲉⲩ ntelineu | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ ntelekneu | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ nteleneu | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ ntelefneu | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ ntelesneu | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ ntelenneu | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nteletenneu | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ ntelouneu | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ ntele- neu |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲛⲉⲩ šantineu | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ šantekneu | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ šanteneu | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ šantefneu | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ šantesneu | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ šantenneu | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ šantetenneu | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ šantouneu | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ šante- neu |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ eišanneu | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ ekšanneu | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ elešanneu | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ efšanneu | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ esšanneu | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ enšanneu | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ eletenšanneu | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ eušanneu | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ⲛⲉⲩ elešan- neu, elšan- neu |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲛⲉⲩ aineu | ⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ akneu | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲩ aleneu | ⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ afneu | ⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ asneu | ⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ anneu | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ aletenneu | ⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ auneu | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ ale- neu |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲩ neu | imperative | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲩ neu |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲛⲉⲩ tm̄neu | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛⲛⲉⲩ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲉⲩ m̄nneu, m̄pr̄neu |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉⲩ tineu | ⲕⲛⲉⲩ kneu | ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ teneu | ϥⲛⲉⲩ fneu | ⲥⲛⲉⲩ sneu | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ tn̄neu | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ tetn̄neu | ⲥⲉⲛⲉⲩ seneu | ⲛⲉⲩ neu |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ eïneu | ⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ ekneu | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ ereneu | ⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ efneu | ⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ esneu | ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ enneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ etetn̄neu | ⲉⲩⲛⲉⲩ euneu | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ ere- neu |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉⲩ etineu | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ etk̄neu, etekneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ eteneu, etereneu | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ etf̄neu, etefneu | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ ets̄neu, etesneu | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ etn̄neu, etenneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ etetn̄neu | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ etouneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ etere- neu, ete- neu |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ neïneu | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ nekneu | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ nereneu | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ nefneu | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ nesneu | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nenneu | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ netetn̄neu | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲉⲩ neuneu | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ nere- neu |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ tinaneu | ⲕⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ knaneu | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ tenaneu | ϥⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ fnaneu | ⲥⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ snaneu | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ tn̄naneu | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ tetnaneu | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ senaneu | ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ naneu |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ eïnaneu | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ eknaneu | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ erenaneu | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ efnaneu | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ esnaneu | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ ennaneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ etetnaneu | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ eunaneu | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ ere- naneu |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ etinaneu | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ etk̄naneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ etenaneu, eterenaneu | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ etf̄naneu | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ ets̄naneu | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ etn̄naneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ etetnaneu | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ etounaneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ etere- naneu |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ neïnaneu | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ neknaneu | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ nerenaneu | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ nefnaneu | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ nesnaneu | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ nennaneu | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ netetnaneu | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ neunaneu | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ nere- naneu |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ aïneu | ⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ akneu | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ areneu | ⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ afneu | ⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ asneu | ⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ anneu | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ atetn̄neu | ⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ auneu | ⲁ- ⲛⲉⲩ a- neu |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲛⲉⲩ m̄pineu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ m̄pk̄neu, m̄pekneu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲩ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲉⲩ m̄peneu, m̄pr̄neu | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ m̄pf̄neu, m̄pefneu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ m̄ps̄neu, m̄pesneu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ m̄pn̄neu, m̄penneu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ m̄petn̄neu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ m̄pouneu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ m̄pe- neu |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ eaïneu | ⲉⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ eakneu | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ eareneu | ⲉⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ eafneu | ⲉⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ easneu | ⲉⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ eanneu | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ eatetn̄neu | ⲉⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ eauneu | ⲉⲁ- ⲛⲉⲩ ea- neu |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲛⲉⲩ empineu | ⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ empk̄neu, empekneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲉⲩ empeneu, empr̄neu | ⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ empk̄neu, empekneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ emps̄neu, empesneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ empn̄neu, empenneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ empetn̄neu | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ empouneu | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ empe- neu |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ etaïneu, n̄taïneu | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ etakneu, n̄takneu | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲉⲩⲛⲉⲩ etareneu, n̄taneuneu | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ etafneu, n̄tafneu | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ etasneu, n̄tasneu | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ etanneu, n̄tanneu | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ etatetn̄neu, n̄tatetn̄neu | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ etauneu, n̄tauneu | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲛⲉⲩ eta- neu, n̄ta- neu |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓⲛⲉⲩ etempineu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ etempk̄neu, etempekneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲉⲩ etempeneu, etempr̄neu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ etempk̄neu, etempekneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ etemps̄neu, etempesneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ etempn̄neu, etempenneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ etempetn̄neu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ etempouneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ etempe- neu |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ neaïneu | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ neakneu | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ neareneu | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ neafneu | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ neasneu | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ neanneu | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ neatetn̄neu | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ neauneu | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲛⲉⲩ nea- neu |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲛⲉⲩ nempineu | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ nempk̄neu, nempekneu | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ⲛⲉⲩ nempeneu, nempr̄neu | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ nempk̄neu, nempekneu | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ nemps̄neu, nempesneu | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nempn̄neu, nempenneu | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ nempetn̄neu | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ nempouneu | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ nempe- neu |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ n̄taïneu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ n̄takneu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ n̄tareneu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ n̄tafneu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ n̄tasneu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ n̄tanneu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ n̄tatetn̄neu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ n̄tauneu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲛⲉⲩ n̄ta- neu |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲉⲩ m̄patineu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲉⲩ m̄patk̄neu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ m̄pateneu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ m̄patf̄neu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ m̄pats̄neu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ m̄patn̄neu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ m̄patetn̄neu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ m̄patouneu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ m̄pate- neu |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲉⲩ em̄patineu | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲉⲩ em̄patk̄neu | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ em̄pateneu | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ em̄patf̄neu | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ em̄pats̄neu | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ em̄patn̄neu | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ em̄patetn̄neu | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ em̄patouneu | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ em̄pate- neu |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲉⲩ etem̄patineu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲉⲩ etem̄patk̄neu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ etem̄pateneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ etem̄patf̄neu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ etem̄pats̄neu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ etem̄patn̄neu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ etem̄patetn̄neu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ etem̄patouneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ etem̄pate- neu |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲛⲉⲩ nem̄patineu | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲉⲩ nem̄patk̄neu | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ nem̄pateneu | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ nem̄patf̄neu | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ nem̄pats̄neu | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ nem̄patn̄neu | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ nem̄patetn̄neu | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ nem̄patouneu | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ nem̄pate- neu |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ šaïneu | ϣⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ šakneu | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ šareneu | ϣⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ šafneu | ϣⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ šasneu | ϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ šanneu | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ šatetn̄neu | ϣⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ šauneu | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ šare- neu |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ maïneu | ⲙⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ makneu | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ mareneu | ⲙⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ mafneu | ⲙⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ masneu | ⲙⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ manneu | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ matetn̄neu | ⲙⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ mauneu | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ mare- neu |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ ešaïneu | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ ešakneu | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ ešareneu | ⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ ešafneu | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ ešasneu | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ ešanneu | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ ešatetn̄neu | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ ešauneu | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ ešare- neu |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ emaïneu | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ emakneu | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ emareneu | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ emafneu | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ emasneu | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ emanneu | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ ematetn̄neu | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ emauneu | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ emare- neu |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ etešaïneu, ešaïneu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ etešakneu, ešakneu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ etešareneu, ešareneu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ etešafneu, ešafneu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ etešasneu, ešasneu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ etešanneu, ešanneu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ etešatetn̄neu, ešatetn̄neu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ etešauneu, ešauneu | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ etešare- neu, ešare- neu |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ etemaïneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ etemakneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ etemareneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ etemafneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ etemasneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ etemanneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ etematetn̄neu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ etemauneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ etemare- neu |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ nešaïneu | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ nešakneu | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ nešareneu | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ nešafneu | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ nešasneu | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ nešanneu | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ nešatetn̄neu | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ nešauneu | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ nešare- neu |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ nemaïneu | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ nemakneu | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ nemareneu | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ nemafneu | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ nemasneu | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ nemanneu | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ nematetn̄neu | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ nemauneu | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ nemare- neu |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ emaïneu | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲛⲉⲩ emakneu | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ emareneu | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲛⲉⲩ emafneu | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲛⲉⲩ emasneu | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ emanneu | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ ematetn̄neu | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲛⲉⲩ emauneu | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ emare- neu |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲁⲛⲉⲩ eïaneu | ⲉⲕⲁⲛⲉⲩ ekaneu | ⲉⲣⲁⲛⲉⲩ eraneu | ⲉϥⲁⲛⲉⲩ efaneu | ⲉⲥⲁⲛⲉⲩ esaneu | ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ enaneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ etetnaneu | ⲉⲩⲁⲛⲉⲩ euaneu | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ ere- neu |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ naneu | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ nekneu | ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲩ neneu | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ nefneu | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ nesneu | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ nenneu | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ netn̄neu | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲉⲩ neuneu | ⲛⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ ne- neu |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲛⲉⲩ marineu | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ marefneu | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ maresneu | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ marn̄neu | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ marouneu | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ mare- neu |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲁⲛⲉⲩ m̄prtraneu | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ m̄prtrefneu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ m̄prtresneu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ m̄prtrenneu | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲩⲛⲉⲩ m̄prtreuneu | ⲙ̄ⲡⲱⲣⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ m̄pōrte- neu |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲉⲩ, ⲧⲁⲛⲉⲩ n̄taneu, taneu | ⲛ̄ⲅⲛⲉⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲛⲉⲩ, ⲕⲛⲉⲩ n̄gneu, n̄kneu, kneu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ, ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ n̄teneu, teneu | ⲛ̄ϥⲛⲉⲩ, ϥⲛⲉⲩ n̄fneu, fneu | ⲛ̄ⲥⲛⲉⲩ, ⲥⲛⲉⲩ n̄sneu, sneu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ n̄tn̄neu, tn̄neu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ n̄tetn̄neu, tetn̄neu | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲛⲉⲩ, ⲥⲉⲛⲉⲩ n̄seneu, seneu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ n̄te- neu |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲛⲉⲩ tarineu | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ tarekneu | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ tareneu | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ tarefneu | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ taresneu | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ tarn̄neu | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ taretn̄neu | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ tarouneu | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ tare- neu |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲛⲉⲩ n̄tarineu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ n̄tarekneu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ n̄tareneu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ n̄tarefneu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ n̄taresneu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ n̄tarn̄neu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ n̄taretn̄neu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ n̄tarouneu | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ n̄tare- neu |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲛⲉⲩ šantineu | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ šantk̄neu, šantekneu | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲉⲩ šanteneu | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ šantf̄neu, šantefneu | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ šants̄neu, šantesneu | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ šantn̄neu, šantenneu | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ šantetn̄neu | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲩ šantouneu | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ šante- neu |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ eïšanneu | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ ekšanneu | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ eršanneu, erešanneu | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ efšanneu | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ esšanneu | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ enšanneu | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ ešantetn̄neu | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲛⲉⲩ eušanneu | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ, ⲉⲣϣⲁ- ⲛⲉⲩ ešante- neu, erša- neu |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲉⲩ eïneu | ⲉⲕⲛⲉⲩ ekneu | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩ ereneu | ⲉϥⲛⲉⲩ efneu | ⲉⲥⲛⲉⲩ esneu | ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲩ enneu | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩ etetn̄neu | ⲉⲩⲛⲉⲩ euneu | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲉⲩ ere- neu |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### Etymology 2

From Egyptian nw (“hour, moment, time”)

#### Alternative forms

* ⲛⲟⲩ (nou) — Sahidic
* ⲛⲱ (nō) — Fayyumic
* ⲛⲟ (no) — Akhmimic, Old Coptic
* ⲛⲁⲩ (nau) — Sahidic, Bohairic

#### Noun

ⲛⲉⲩ • (neu) m
* (Fayyumic, Lycopolitan) hour, time
    Synonym: ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ (ounou)
* (Fayyumic, Lycopolitan) daylight

### References

* Marcion Coptic dictionary