# ուպան
## Middle Armenian
### Etymology

The origin is unknown. Perhaps a shortening of Ancient Greek ὀποπάναξ (opopánax).

### Noun

ուպան • (upan)
* a plant whose root produces a resinous gum: laserwort, Laserpitium or Ferula assa-foetida or Ferula galbaniflua or Opopanax chironium; and its resinous gum, respectively: laser or asafoetida or galbanum or opopanax
** 6th–12th? centuries, Baṙkʻ Gałianosi [The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen] :Քաղբան = բարկժատ, ուպանի խիժ։Kʻałban = barkžat, upani xiž.χαλβάνη (khalbánē) = barkžat, gum of upan
** 9th or 10th century, with changes and additions in later centuries, Tʻargmanutʻiwn dełocʻ zor əntrel en imastasērkʻn ew kargeal yayl lezuacʻ [A Medieval Arabic–Armenian Botanical Dictionary] :Անգուտան եւ բառզդ = ուպանի տակ։Angutan ew baṙzd = upani tak.أَنْجُدَان (ʔanjudān, “asafoetida”) and بَارْزَد (bārzad, “galbanum”) = root of the upan
** 1478 – 1492, Amirdovlatʻ Amasiacʻi, Angitacʻ anpēt [Useless for Ignoramuses] :Ուպան․ որ է անկուժատն․ յշծ իր համարն։Upan; or ē ankužatn; yšc ir hamarn.Upan = Is the asafoetida. It is mentioned under its number.
** 1614 – 1622, Asar Sebastacʻi, Girkʻ bžškakan arhesti [Book of Medical Art] :Ուպան, որ է անկուժատն, որ է անկուզակն։Upan, or ē ankužatn, or ē ankuzakn.Upan = Is the asafoetida, which is the ankuzak.

#### Derived terms

* ուպանատակ (upanatak)

### References

* ↑ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “ուպան”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 751a
* ↑ Bedevian, Armenag K. (1936) “Laserpitium”, in Illustrated Polyglottic Dictionary of Plant Names‎, Cairo: Argus & Papazian Presses, § 2033, page 352
* ↑ Ġazaryan, Ṙuben (1981) “ուպան”, in Busanunneri hayeren-latineren-ṙuseren-angleren-franseren-germaneren baṙaran [Armenian–Latin–Russian–English–French–German Dictionary of Plant Names], Yerevan: University Press, § 1219, page 96a
* 1 2 Basmaǰean, K. Y., editor (1926), Amirtovlatʻi Amasiacʻwoy angitacʻ anpēt [Useless for Ignoramuses of Amirdovlatʿ Amasiacʿi]‎, Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, § 2588, page 441
* ↑ Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “ուպան”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 553c
* 1 2 Asar Sebastacʻi (1993) Girkʻ bžškakan arhesti (XVI—XVII dd.) [Book of Medical Art (16–17th cc.)]‎, preparation of the text, preface and dictionary by D. M. Karapetyan, Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 255, 393
* ↑ Artʻinean, Yovhannēs (1906) Tunkerə ew anoncʻ hayerēn anunnerə [Des plantes et de leurs noms arméniens] (in Armenian), Paris: D. Dogramadjian, page 52
* ↑ Greppin, John A. C. (1985) Baṙkʿ Gaɫianosi: The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen‎, Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, page 115
* ↑ Greppin, John A. C. (1997) A Medieval Arabic–Armenian Botanical Dictionary (Studien zur armenischen Geschichte; 16), a separate print of Greppin 1995, Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, § 12, page 23
* ↑ Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (2000) “ուպան”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʻ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʻeancʻ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʻ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries]‎, edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, page 615
* ↑ Vardanjan, Stella (1990) Амирдовлат Амасиаци, Ненужное для неучей (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, § 2268, pages 356, 728

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “ուպան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, pages 606–607
* Ališan, Ġewond (1895) “ոպան կամ ուպան․ ուպանի տակ”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʻiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 2396, page 502
* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “ուպան”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 620a
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ուպան”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 578a