# 納言
## Chinese
### Etymology

Probably coined by the Xin dynasty emperor Wang Mang.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nàyán
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄚˋ ㄧㄢˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nàyán
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄚˋ ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nàyán
*** Wade–Giles: na$^4$-yen$^2$
*** Yale: nà-yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nahyan
*** Palladius: наянь (najanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /nä⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: nop ngjon
Rime :
| Character | 納 | 言 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 合 (160) | 元 (65) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 奴荅切 | 語軒切 |
| Baxter | nop | ngjon |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nʌp̚/ | /ŋɨɐn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nəp̚/ | /ŋiɐn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɒp̚/ | /ŋiɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nəp̚/ | /ŋɨan/ |
| Li Rong | /nᴀp̚/ | /ŋiɐn/ |
| Wang Li | /nɒp̚/ | /ŋĭɐn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /năp̚/ | /ŋɨ̯ɐn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nà | yán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | naap$^6$ | jin$^4$ |

### Noun

納言
* (obsolete, historical) a name of various ancient Chinese government offices

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 納言(のうごん) (nōgon)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 納 | 言 |
| な Grade: 6 | ごん Grade: 2 |
| kan'yōon | goon |
The 音読み (on'yomi, “Sino-Japanese reading”) of monomōsu-tsukasa below.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なごん [náꜜgòǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [na̠ɡõ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

納(な)言(ごん) • (nagon)
* (politics, historical) an umbrella term for 大納言 (dainagon), 中納言 (chūnagon) and 少納言 (shōnagon)
* (politics, historical) in the early Meiji period, a short-lived government position acting on behalf of the 太政大臣 (dajō-daijin) while its holder is in absentia

##### Derived terms

* 四(し)納(な)言(ごん) (shinagon)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 納 | 言 |
| のう Grade: 6 | ごん Grade: 2 |
| goon ||
/napu ɡon/ → /naɸuɡon/ → /nauɡon/ → /nɔːɡon/ → /noːɡon/
Attested in the 色葉字類抄 (Iroha Jiruishō).
A variant 音読み (on'yomi, “Sino-Japanese reading”) of monomōsu-tsukasa below, possibly influenced by Middle Chinese 納言 (MC nop ngjon).

#### Noun

納(のう)言(ごん) • (nōgon)
* (politics, historical, rare) an umbrella term for 大納言 (dainagon), 中納言 (chūagon) and 少納言 (shōnagon)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 納 | 言 |
| ものもうすつかさ ||
| Grade: 6 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun ||
From Old Japanese.
Compound of 物申す (monomōsu, “to advise or complain to a superior”) +‎ 司 (tsukasa, “official”).
The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 納言／纳言 (nàyán).

#### Noun

納言(ものもうすつかさ) • (monomōsu-tsukasa)
* (politics, historical, archaic) an administrative official in the 太政官 (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system

##### Derived terms

* 大(おおい)納言(ものもうすつかさ) (ōi monomōsu-tsukasa, “upper counselor”)
* 中(なかの)納言(ものもうすつかさ) (naka no monomōsu-tsukasa, “middle counselor”)
* 少(すない)納言(ものもうすつかさ) (sunai monomōsu-tsukasa, “lesser counselor”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

From 物申す (mo$_2$no$_2$mawosu, “to advise or complain to a superior”) +‎ 司 (tukasa, “official”).
The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 納言 (MC nop ngjon).

### Noun

納言 (mono$_2$mawosu-tukasa) (kana ものまをすつかさ)
* an administrative official in the 太政官 (Opoki$_1$maturigo$_2$to$_2$ no$_2$ Tukasa) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system
** 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Tenmu; ninth year in autumn, seventh month:戊戌、納言兼宮内卿五位舍人王、病之臨死。On the day of the Earth Dog, the official and nobleman of the Imperial Palace, fifth rank Töneri nö Opogimi, fell ill and was close to death.

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 納言 (monomōsu-tsukasa, nagon)