# 光年
## Chinese

* 光年

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guāngnián
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄤ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwong$^1$ nin$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kong-liân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guāngnián
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄤ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guangnián
*** Wade–Giles: kuang$^1$-nien$^2$
*** Yale: gwāng-nyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guangnian
*** Palladius: гуаннянь (guannjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwong$^1$ nin$^4$
*** Yale: gwōng nìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwong$^1$ nin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guong$^1$ nin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ niːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-liân
*** Tâi-lô: kong-liân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: konglieen
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ liɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²³/

### Classifier

光年
* (astronomy) light year

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 光 | 年 |
| こう Grade: 2 | ねん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

Appears to be a calque of English light year.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーねん [kòónéń] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) こーねん [kóꜜònèǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ko̞ːnẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

光(こう)年(ねん) • (kōnen)
* (astronomy) a light year

### Counter

光(こう)年(ねん) • (-kōnen)
* (astronomy) light year
    宇(う)宙(ちゅう)の直(ちょっ)径(けい)は約(やく) 930(きゅうひゃくさんじゅう)億(おく)光(こう)年(ねん)だ。
       Uchū no chokkei wa yaku kyūhyakusanjū-oku kōnen da.
       The diameter of the universe is some 93 billion light years.
** 1988 July 30 [1984 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “ニューイヤー星(せい)調(ちょう)査(さ)行(こう) [Expedition to Planet New Year]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), 10th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 73:
    地(ち)球(きゅう)自(じ)身(しん)すでに銀(ぎん)河(が)系(けい)の外(はず)れにあるといえるが、そこからさらに六(ろく)万(まん)光(こう)年(ねん)渦(か)分(ぶん)子(し)の先(さき)っぽに……、ロルカル系(けい)第(だい)三(さん)惑(わく)星(せい)「ニューイヤー」がある。
       Chikyū jishin sude ni Gingakei no hazure ni aru to ieru ga, soko kara sara ni rokuman kōnen kabunshi no sakippo ni……, Rorukaru-kei dai-san wakusei “Nyū Iyā” ga aru.
       Earth is essentially situated in the extremity of the Milky Way, sixty thousand light years from which, at the tip of the vortex molecules..., is “New Year”, the third planet of the Lorcal system.

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* “光年”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014
* “光年”, in 世界大百科事典 第２版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998
* “光年”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 光 | 年 |

### Noun

光年 • (gwangnyeon) (hangeul 광년)
* hanja form of 광년 (“light year”)