# qinisa
## Xhosa
### Etymology

From -qina +‎ -isa.

### Verb

-qinisa$^?$
* (transitive) to tighten

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

From -qina +‎ -isa.

### Verb

-qinísa
* (transitive) to firm up, to tighten, to fix
* (transitive) to strengthen
* (transitive) to assert, to attest, to confirm, to prove, to ratify, to validate
* (transitive) to encourage, to enthuse, to motivate
* (intransitive) to act determinedly, to act with energy
* (intransitive) to fulfil one's word, to speak the truth

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuqinisa |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqinisa | ukungaqinisi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qinisa | -qinise |
| Plural | qinisani | -qiniseni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqinisa, ngiqinisa | engiqinisayo, engiqinisa | ngiqinisa | angiqinisi | engingaqinisi | ngingaqinisi |
| 2nd singular | uyaqinisa, uqinisa | oqinisayo, oqinisa | uqinisa | awuqinisi | ongaqinisi | ungaqinisi |
| 1st plural | siyaqinisa, siqinisa | esiqinisayo, esiqinisa | siqinisa | asiqinisi | esingaqinisi | singaqinisi |
| 2nd plural | niyaqinisa, niqinisa | eniqinisayo, eniqinisa | niqinisa | aniqinisi | eningaqinisi | ningaqinisi |
| Class 1 | uyaqinisa, uqinisa | oqinisayo, oqinisa | eqinisa | akaqinisi | ongaqinisi | engaqinisi |
| Class 2 | bayaqinisa, baqinisa | abaqinisayo, abaqinisa | beqinisa | abaqinisi | abangaqinisi | bengaqinisi |
| Class 3 | uyaqinisa, uqinisa | oqinisayo, oqinisa | uqinisa | awuqinisi | ongaqinisi | ungaqinisi |
| Class 4 | iyaqinisa, iqinisa | eqinisayo, eqinisa | iqinisa | ayiqinisi | engaqinisi | ingaqinisi |
| Class 5 | liyaqinisa, liqinisa | eliqinisayo, eliqinisa | liqinisa | aliqinisi | elingaqinisi | lingaqinisi |
| Class 6 | ayaqinisa, aqinisa | aqinisayo, aqinisa | eqinisa | awaqinisi | angaqinisi | engaqinisi |
| Class 7 | siyaqinisa, siqinisa | esiqinisayo, esiqinisa | siqinisa | asiqinisi | esingaqinisi | singaqinisi |
| Class 8 | ziyaqinisa, ziqinisa | eziqinisayo, eziqinisa | ziqinisa | aziqinisi | ezingaqinisi | zingaqinisi |
| Class 9 | iyaqinisa, iqinisa | eqinisayo, eqinisa | iqinisa | ayiqinisi | engaqinisi | ingaqinisi |
| Class 10 | ziyaqinisa, ziqinisa | eziqinisayo, eziqinisa | ziqinisa | aziqinisi | ezingaqinisi | zingaqinisi |
| Class 11 | luyaqinisa, luqinisa | oluqinisayo, oluqinisa | luqinisa | aluqinisi | olungaqinisi | lungaqinisi |
| Class 14 | buyaqinisa, buqinisa | obuqinisayo, obuqinisa | buqinisa | abuqinisi | obungaqinisi | bungaqinisi |
| Class 15 | kuyaqinisa, kuqinisa | okuqinisayo, okuqinisa | kuqinisa | akuqinisi | okungaqinisi | kungaqinisi |
| Class 17 | kuyaqinisa, kuqinisa | okuqinisayo, okuqinisa | kuqinisa | akuqinisi | okungaqinisi | kungaqinisi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqinisile, ngiqinisē | engiqinisile, engiqinisē | ngiqinisile, ngiqinisē | angiqinisanga | engingaqinisanga | ngingaqinisanga |
| 2nd singular | uqinisile, uqinisē | oqinisile, oqinisē | uqinisile, uqinisē | awuqinisanga | ongaqinisanga | ungaqinisanga |
| 1st plural | siqinisile, siqinisē | esiqinisile, esiqinisē | siqinisile, siqinisē | asiqinisanga | esingaqinisanga | singaqinisanga |
| 2nd plural | niqinisile, niqinisē | eniqinisile, eniqinisē | niqinisile, niqinisē | aniqinisanga | eningaqinisanga | ningaqinisanga |
| Class 1 | uqinisile, uqinisē | oqinisile, oqinisē | eqinisile, eqinisē | akaqinisanga | ongaqinisanga | engaqinisanga |
| Class 2 | baqinisile, baqinisē | abaqinisile, abaqinisē | beqinisile, beqinisē | abaqinisanga | abangaqinisanga | bengaqinisanga |
| Class 3 | uqinisile, uqinisē | oqinisile, oqinisē | uqinisile, uqinisē | awuqinisanga | ongaqinisanga | ungaqinisanga |
| Class 4 | iqinisile, iqinisē | eqinisile, eqinisē | iqinisile, iqinisē | ayiqinisanga | engaqinisanga | ingaqinisanga |
| Class 5 | liqinisile, liqinisē | eliqinisile, eliqinisē | liqinisile, liqinisē | aliqinisanga | elingaqinisanga | lingaqinisanga |
| Class 6 | aqinisile, aqinisē | aqinisile, aqinisē | eqinisile, eqinisē | awaqinisanga | angaqinisanga | engaqinisanga |
| Class 7 | siqinisile, siqinisē | esiqinisile, esiqinisē | siqinisile, siqinisē | asiqinisanga | esingaqinisanga | singaqinisanga |
| Class 8 | ziqinisile, ziqinisē | eziqinisile, eziqinisē | ziqinisile, ziqinisē | aziqinisanga | ezingaqinisanga | zingaqinisanga |
| Class 9 | iqinisile, iqinisē | eqinisile, eqinisē | iqinisile, iqinisē | ayiqinisanga | engaqinisanga | ingaqinisanga |
| Class 10 | ziqinisile, ziqinisē | eziqinisile, eziqinisē | ziqinisile, ziqinisē | aziqinisanga | ezingaqinisanga | zingaqinisanga |
| Class 11 | luqinisile, luqinisē | oluqinisile, oluqinisē | luqinisile, luqinisē | aluqinisanga | olungaqinisanga | lungaqinisanga |
| Class 14 | buqinisile, buqinisē | obuqinisile, obuqinisē | buqinisile, buqinisē | abuqinisanga | obungaqinisanga | bungaqinisanga |
| Class 15 | kuqinisile, kuqinisē | okuqinisile, okuqinisē | kuqinisile, kuqinisē | akuqinisanga | okungaqinisanga | kungaqinisanga |
| Class 17 | kuqinisile, kuqinisē | okuqinisile, okuqinisē | kuqinisile, kuqinisē | akuqinisanga | okungaqinisanga | kungaqinisanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqinisa | engāqinisa | ngāqinisa | angiqinisanga | engingaqinisanga | ngingaqinisanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqinisa | owāqinisa | wāqinisa | awuqinisanga | ongaqinisanga | ungaqinisanga |
| 1st plural | sāqinisa | esāqinisa | sāqinisa | asiqinisanga | esingaqinisanga | singaqinisanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqinisa | enāqinisa | nāqinisa | aniqinisanga | eningaqinisanga | ningaqinisanga |
| Class 1 | wāqinisa | owāqinisa | āqinisa | akaqinisanga | ongaqinisanga | engaqinisanga |
| Class 2 | bāqinisa | abāqinisa | bāqinisa | abaqinisanga | abangaqinisanga | bengaqinisanga |
| Class 3 | wāqinisa | owāqinisa | wāqinisa | awuqinisanga | ongaqinisanga | ungaqinisanga |
| Class 4 | yāqinisa | eyāqinisa | yāqinisa | ayiqinisanga | engaqinisanga | ingaqinisanga |
| Class 5 | lāqinisa | elāqinisa | lāqinisa | aliqinisanga | elingaqinisanga | lingaqinisanga |
| Class 6 | āqinisa | āqinisa | āqinisa | awaqinisanga | angaqinisanga | engaqinisanga |
| Class 7 | sāqinisa | esāqinisa | sāqinisa | asiqinisanga | esingaqinisanga | singaqinisanga |
| Class 8 | zāqinisa | ezāqinisa | zāqinisa | aziqinisanga | ezingaqinisanga | zingaqinisanga |
| Class 9 | yāqinisa | eyāqinisa | yāqinisa | ayiqinisanga | engaqinisanga | ingaqinisanga |
| Class 10 | zāqinisa | ezāqinisa | zāqinisa | aziqinisanga | ezingaqinisanga | zingaqinisanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqinisa | olwāqinisa | lwāqinisa | aluqinisanga | olungaqinisanga | lungaqinisanga |
| Class 14 | bāqinisa | obāqinisa | bāqinisa | abuqinisanga | obungaqinisanga | bungaqinisanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqinisa | okwāqinisa | kwāqinisa | akuqinisanga | okungaqinisanga | kungaqinisanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqinisa | okwāqinisa | kwāqinisa | akuqinisanga | okungaqinisanga | kungaqinisanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqinisa | — | ngingaqinisa | ngingeqinise | — | ngingeqinise |
| 2nd singular | ungaqinisa | — | ungaqinisa | ungeqinise | — | ungeqinise |
| 1st plural | singaqinisa | — | singaqinisa | singeqinise | — | singeqinise |
| 2nd plural | ningaqinisa | — | ningaqinisa | ningeqinise | — | ningeqinise |
| Class 1 | angaqinisa | — | engaqinisa | angeqinise | — | engeqinise |
| Class 2 | bangaqinisa | — | bengaqinisa | bangeqinise | — | bengeqinise |
| Class 3 | ungaqinisa | — | ungaqinisa | ungeqinise | — | ungeqinise |
| Class 4 | ingaqinisa | — | ingaqinisa | ingeqinise | — | ingeqinise |
| Class 5 | lingaqinisa | — | lingaqinisa | lingeqinise | — | lingeqinise |
| Class 6 | angaqinisa | — | engaqinisa | angeqinise | — | engeqinise |
| Class 7 | singaqinisa | — | singaqinisa | singeqinise | — | singeqinise |
| Class 8 | zingaqinisa | — | zingaqinisa | zingeqinise | — | zingeqinise |
| Class 9 | ingaqinisa | — | ingaqinisa | ingeqinise | — | ingeqinise |
| Class 10 | zingaqinisa | — | zingaqinisa | zingeqinise | — | zingeqinise |
| Class 11 | lungaqinisa | — | lungaqinisa | lungeqinise | — | lungeqinise |
| Class 14 | bungaqinisa | — | bungaqinisa | bungeqinise | — | bungeqinise |
| Class 15 | kungaqinisa | — | kungaqinisa | kungeqinise | — | kungeqinise |
| Class 17 | kungaqinisa | — | kungaqinisa | kungeqinise | — | kungeqinise |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqinisa | engizoqinisa | ngizoqinisa | angizuqinisa | engingezuqinisa | ngingezuqinisa |
| 2nd singular | uzoqinisa | ozoqinisa | uzoqinisa | awuzuqinisa | ongezuqinisa | ungezuqinisa |
| 1st plural | sizoqinisa | esizoqinisa | sizoqinisa | asizuqinisa | esingezuqinisa | singezuqinisa |
| 2nd plural | nizoqinisa | enizoqinisa | nizoqinisa | anizuqinisa | eningezuqinisa | ningezuqinisa |
| Class 1 | uzoqinisa | ozoqinisa | ezoqinisa | akazuqinisa | ongezuqinisa | engezuqinisa |
| Class 2 | bazoqinisa | abazoqinisa | bezoqinisa | abazuqinisa | abangezuqinisa | bengezuqinisa |
| Class 3 | uzoqinisa | ozoqinisa | uzoqinisa | awuzuqinisa | ongezuqinisa | ungezuqinisa |
| Class 4 | izoqinisa | ezoqinisa | izoqinisa | ayizuqinisa | engezuqinisa | ingezuqinisa |
| Class 5 | lizoqinisa | elizoqinisa | lizoqinisa | alizuqinisa | elingezuqinisa | lingezuqinisa |
| Class 6 | azoqinisa | azoqinisa | ezoqinisa | awazuqinisa | angezuqinisa | engezuqinisa |
| Class 7 | sizoqinisa | esizoqinisa | sizoqinisa | asizuqinisa | esingezuqinisa | singezuqinisa |
| Class 8 | zizoqinisa | ezizoqinisa | zizoqinisa | azizuqinisa | ezingezuqinisa | zingezuqinisa |
| Class 9 | izoqinisa | ezoqinisa | izoqinisa | ayizuqinisa | engezuqinisa | ingezuqinisa |
| Class 10 | zizoqinisa | ezizoqinisa | zizoqinisa | azizuqinisa | ezingezuqinisa | zingezuqinisa |
| Class 11 | luzoqinisa | oluzoqinisa | luzoqinisa | aluzuqinisa | olungezuqinisa | lungezuqinisa |
| Class 14 | buzoqinisa | obuzoqinisa | buzoqinisa | abuzuqinisa | obungezuqinisa | bungezuqinisa |
| Class 15 | kuzoqinisa | okuzoqinisa | kuzoqinisa | akuzuqinisa | okungezuqinisa | kungezuqinisa |
| Class 17 | kuzoqinisa | okuzoqinisa | kuzoqinisa | akuzuqinisa | okungezuqinisa | kungezuqinisa |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqinisa | engiyoqinisa | ngiyoqinisa | angiyuqinisa | engingeyuqinisa | ngingeyuqinisa |
| 2nd singular | uyoqinisa | oyoqinisa | uyoqinisa | awuyuqinisa | ongeyuqinisa | ungeyuqinisa |
| 1st plural | siyoqinisa | esiyoqinisa | siyoqinisa | asiyuqinisa | esingeyuqinisa | singeyuqinisa |
| 2nd plural | niyoqinisa | eniyoqinisa | niyoqinisa | aniyuqinisa | eningeyuqinisa | ningeyuqinisa |
| Class 1 | uyoqinisa | oyoqinisa | eyoqinisa | akayuqinisa | ongeyuqinisa | engeyuqinisa |
| Class 2 | bayoqinisa | abayoqinisa | beyoqinisa | abayuqinisa | abangeyuqinisa | bengeyuqinisa |
| Class 3 | uyoqinisa | oyoqinisa | uyoqinisa | awuyuqinisa | ongeyuqinisa | ungeyuqinisa |
| Class 4 | iyoqinisa | eyoqinisa | iyoqinisa | ayiyuqinisa | engeyuqinisa | ingeyuqinisa |
| Class 5 | liyoqinisa | eliyoqinisa | liyoqinisa | aliyuqinisa | elingeyuqinisa | lingeyuqinisa |
| Class 6 | ayoqinisa | ayoqinisa | eyoqinisa | awayuqinisa | angeyuqinisa | engeyuqinisa |
| Class 7 | siyoqinisa | esiyoqinisa | siyoqinisa | asiyuqinisa | esingeyuqinisa | singeyuqinisa |
| Class 8 | ziyoqinisa | eziyoqinisa | ziyoqinisa | aziyuqinisa | ezingeyuqinisa | zingeyuqinisa |
| Class 9 | iyoqinisa | eyoqinisa | iyoqinisa | ayiyuqinisa | engeyuqinisa | ingeyuqinisa |
| Class 10 | ziyoqinisa | eziyoqinisa | ziyoqinisa | aziyuqinisa | ezingeyuqinisa | zingeyuqinisa |
| Class 11 | luyoqinisa | oluyoqinisa | luyoqinisa | aluyuqinisa | olungeyuqinisa | lungeyuqinisa |
| Class 14 | buyoqinisa | obuyoqinisa | buyoqinisa | abuyuqinisa | obungeyuqinisa | bungeyuqinisa |
| Class 15 | kuyoqinisa | okuyoqinisa | kuyoqinisa | akuyuqinisa | okungeyuqinisa | kungeyuqinisa |
| Class 17 | kuyoqinisa | okuyoqinisa | kuyoqinisa | akuyuqinisa | okungeyuqinisa | kungeyuqinisa |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqinise | ngingaqinisi |
| 2nd singular | uqinise | ungaqinisi |
| 1st plural | siqinise | singaqinisi |
| 2nd plural | niqinise | ningaqinisi |
| Class 1 | aqinise | angaqinisi |
| Class 2 | baqinise | bangaqinisi |
| Class 3 | uqinise | ungaqinisi |
| Class 4 | iqinise | ingaqinisi |
| Class 5 | liqinise | lingaqinisi |
| Class 6 | aqinise | angaqinisi |
| Class 7 | siqinise | singaqinisi |
| Class 8 | ziqinise | zingaqinisi |
| Class 9 | iqinise | ingaqinisi |
| Class 10 | ziqinise | zingaqinisi |
| Class 11 | luqinise | lungaqinisi |
| Class 14 | buqinise | bungaqinisi |
| Class 15 | kuqinise | kungaqinisi |
| Class 17 | kuqinise | kungaqinisi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqinisa | ngangaqinisa, angaqinisa, angangaqinisa |
| 2nd singular | waqinisa | wangaqinisa, awaqinisa, awangaqinisa |
| 1st plural | saqinisa | sangaqinisa, asaqinisa, asangaqinisa |
| 2nd plural | naqinisa | nangaqinisa, anaqinisa, anangaqinisa |
| Class 1 | waqinisa | wangaqinisa, akaqinisa, akangaqinisa |
| Class 2 | baqinisa | bangaqinisa, abaqinisa, abangaqinisa |
| Class 3 | waqinisa | wangaqinisa, awaqinisa, awangaqinisa |
| Class 4 | yaqinisa | yangaqinisa, ayaqinisa, ayangaqinisa |
| Class 5 | laqinisa | langaqinisa, alaqinisa, alangaqinisa |
| Class 6 | aqinisa | angaqinisa, awaqinisa, awangaqinisa |
| Class 7 | saqinisa | sangaqinisa, asaqinisa, asangaqinisa |
| Class 8 | zaqinisa | zangaqinisa, azaqinisa, azangaqinisa |
| Class 9 | yaqinisa | yangaqinisa, ayaqinisa, ayangaqinisa |
| Class 10 | zaqinisa | zangaqinisa, azaqinisa, azangaqinisa |
| Class 11 | lwaqinisa | lwangaqinisa, alwaqinisa, alwangaqinisa |
| Class 14 | baqinisa | bangaqinisa, abaqinisa, abangaqinisa |
| Class 15 | kwaqinisa | kwangaqinisa, akwaqinisa, akwangaqinisa |
| Class 17 | kwaqinisa | kwangaqinisa, akwaqinisa, akwangaqinisa |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qinisa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qinisa (3.2.9)”