# 救援
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiùyuán
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gau$^3$ wun$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiu-yèn / kiu-yàn
* Eastern Min (BUC): géu-uông
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiù-oan / kiù-oān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giu$^3$ iêng$^6$ / giu$^3$ iang$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiùyuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiòuyuán
*** Wade–Giles: chiu$^4$-yüan$^2$
*** Yale: jyòu-ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiowyuan
*** Palladius: цзююань (czjujuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gau$^3$ wun$^4$
*** Yale: gau wùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gau$^3$ wun$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geo$^3$ wun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐu̯³³ wuːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiu-yèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: giu ien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giu$^4$ yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯u⁵⁵ i̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiu-yàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: giu (r)ian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giu$^4$ yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯u⁵⁵ (j)i̯an¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: géu-uông
*** Sinological IPA : /kieu²¹³⁻⁵³ uɔŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiù-oan
*** Tâi-lô: kiù-uan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiuo'oafn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ uan³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiù-oān
*** Tâi-lô: kiù-uān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiuo'oan
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiu²¹⁻⁵³ uan²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiu²¹⁻⁴¹ uan³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiu¹¹⁻⁵³ uan³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: giu$^3$ iêng$^6$ / giu$^3$ iang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiù iĕng / kiù iăng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ieŋ³⁵/, /kiu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ iaŋ³⁵/
* giu3 iêng6 - Chaozhou;
* giu3 iang6 - Shantou.

### Verb

救援
* (transitive) to rescue; to come to someone's rescue; to come to someone's aid; to provide relief

#### Synonyms

* 周濟／周济 (zhōujì)
* 成濟／成济 (chéngjì) (literary)
* 拯救 (zhěngjiù)
* 挽救 (wǎnjiù)
* 接助 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 接濟／接济 (jiējì)
* 援手 (yuánshǒu) (literary)
* 搭救 (dājiù)
* 搶救／抢救 (qiǎngjiù)
* 救 (jiù)
* 救助 (jiùzhù)
* 救拯 (jiùzhěng) (literary)
* 救濟／救济 (jiùjì)
* 營救／营救 (yíngjiù)
* 補救／补救 (bǔjiù)
* 解救 (jiějiù)
* 馳援／驰援 (chíyuán) (to rush to the rescue)

#### Derived terms

* 救援車／救援车
* 救援隊／救援队

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 救 | 援 |
| きゅう Grade: 5 | えん Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きゅうえん [kyùúéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲɨːẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

救(きゅう)援(えん) • (kyūen)
* relief; rescue

### Verb

救(きゅう)援(えん)する • (kyūen suru) transitive suru (stem 救(きゅう)援(えん)し (kyūen shi), past 救(きゅう)援(えん)した (kyūen shita))
* to rescue; to relieve

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 救援し | きゅうえんし | kyūen shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 救援し | きゅうえんし | kyūen shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 救援する | きゅうえんする | kyūen suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 救援する | きゅうえんする | kyūen suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 救援すれ | きゅうえんすれ | kyūen sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 救援せよ¹ 救援しろ² | きゅうえんせよ¹ きゅうえんしろ² | kyūen seyo¹ kyūen shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 救援される | きゅうえんされる | kyūen sareru |
| Causative | 救援させる 救援さす | きゅうえんさせる きゅうえんさす | kyūen saseru kyūen sasu |
| Potential | 救援できる | きゅうえんできる | kyūen dekiru |
| Volitional | 救援しよう | きゅうえんしよう | kyūen shiyō |
| Negative | 救援しない | きゅうえんしない | kyūen shinai |
| Negative continuative | 救援せず | きゅうえんせず | kyūen sezu |
| Formal | 救援します | きゅうえんします | kyūen shimasu |
| Perfective | 救援した | きゅうえんした | kyūen shita |
| Conjunctive | 救援して | きゅうえんして | kyūen shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 救援すれば | きゅうえんすれば | kyūen sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN