# 戰場
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhànchǎng, zhàncháng
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ ㄔㄤˇ, ㄓㄢˋ ㄔㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zin$^3$ coeng$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chan-chhòng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zan$^4$ cong$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciéng-diòng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiàn-tiûⁿ / chiàn-tiôⁿ
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsoe-zan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhànchǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ ㄔㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhànchǎng
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^4$-chʻang$^3$
*** Yale: jàn-chǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jannchaang
*** Palladius: чжаньчан (čžanʹčan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, literary variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhàncháng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ ㄔㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhàncháng
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^4$-chʻang$^2$
*** Yale: jàn-cháng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: janncharng
*** Palladius: чжаньчан (čžanʹčan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zin$^3$ coeng$^4$
*** Yale: jin chèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzin$^3$ tsoeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jin$^3$ cêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːn³³ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chan-chhòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: zan cong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zan$^4$ cong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡san⁵⁵ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zan$^4$ cong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡san⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ciéng-diòng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sieŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(t-)}$nuoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàn-tiûⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tsiàn-tiûnn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cierndviuu
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ tiũ²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiũ²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ tiũ²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ tiũ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàn-tiôⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tsiàn-tiônn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cierndviooi
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɛn²¹⁻⁵³ tiɔ̃¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tsoe-zan
*** MiniDict: tsoe$^去$ zan
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tsoe-zan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sø³³ zã⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsyenH drjang
Rime :
| Character | 戰 | 場 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 之膳切 | 直良切 |
| Baxter | tsyenH | drjang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇn$^H$/ | /ɖɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛn$^H$/ | /ɖiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjæn$^H$/ | /ȡiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cian$^H$/ | /ɖɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛn$^H$/ | /ȡiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛn$^H$/ | /ȡĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛn$^H$/ | /ȡʱi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhàn | cháng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zin$^3$ | coeng$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tar-s [l]raŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjans l'aŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 戰 | 戰 | 場 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhàn | zhàn | cháng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyen$^H$ › | ‹ tsyen$^H$ › | ‹ drjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*tar-s/ | /*tar-s/ | /*[l]raŋ/ |
| English | to fear | battle | arena |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 戰 | 場 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2019 | 14580 |
| Phonetic component | 單 | 昜 |
| Rime group | 元 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 戰 | 長 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjans/ | /*l'aŋ/ |

### Noun

戰場
* battlefield; battleground
    情場如戰場。／情场如战场。 ― Qíngchǎng rú zhànchǎng. ― All's fair in love and war. (literally, “The “lovefield” is like the battlefield.”)

#### Synonyms

* 兵場／兵场 (bīngchǎng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 戦(せん)場(じょう) (senjō)
* → Korean: 전장(戰場) (jeonjang)
* → Vietnamese: chiến trường (戰場)

## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of 戰場 – see the following entry. :
| 【戦場せんじょう】 | [noun] battlefield |
(This term, 戰場, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 戰 | 場 |

### Noun

戰場 • (jeonjang) (hangeul 전장)
* hanja form of 전장 (“battlefield”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 戰 | 場 |

### Noun

戰場
* chữ Hán form of chiến trường (“battlefield”).