# 稷

| 稷 | U+7A37, &#31287; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A37 |
| ← 稶 [U+7A36] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 稸 → [U+7A38] |

## Translingual
### Han character

稷 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹木田金水 (HDWCE), four-corner 2694$_7$, composition ⿰禾畟)
* god of cereals
* minister of agriculture

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 857, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25207
* Dae Jaweon: page 1282, character 29
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2623, character 5
* Unihan data for U+7A37

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 稷 | *sklɯɡ |
| 畟 | *sklɯɡ, *skʰrɯɡ |
| 溭 | *sɡrɯɡ |
| 謖 | *sqʰruɡ |

### Etymology

Sagart (2008: 134-136) considers it a cognate of Proto-Austronesian *bəCəŋ (“foxtail millet”) as part of the hypothetical Sino-Tibetan-Austronesian language family. Blust (2013: 713), however, finds this comparison unconvincing because of the apparently arbitrary and phonetically unjustified fluctuation between Old Chinese *-k and Proto-Austronesian *-ŋ.
Cognates of this word are found in a handful of Tibeto-Burman languages, such as Drung tɕɑʔ⁵⁵ (“millet”) and Lhokpu cək (“Setaria italica”) (Sagart, 2008). This etymon should be kept separated from 饎 (OC *kʰljɯs), 芑 (OC *kʰɯʔ) and 穄 (OC *ʔsleds). The first two may belong to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *khrəj (“millet”), while the last one may be related to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *tsap (“millet”), along with Burmese ဆပ် (hcap, “Setaria italica”) and Nuosu ꏹ (jyp, “millet”) (Schuessler, 2007: 299).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jì (ji$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zik$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chek
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jì
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jì
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$
*** Yale: jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zik$^1$
*** Yale: jīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
*** Tâi-lô: tsik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: tsik
Rime :
| Character | 稷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 子力切 |
| Baxter | tsik |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡siek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡si̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ji |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sklɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 稷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsik › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ək/ |
| English | millet (Setaria italica) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 稷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1170 |
| Phonetic component | 畟 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 即 |
| Old Chinese | /*sklɯɡ/ |

### Definitions

稷
* foxtail millet (Setaria italica)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Wǒ yì shǔ jì. Wǒ shǔ yúyú, wǒ jì yìyì. [Pinyin]
    That we might plant our broomcorn millet and foxtail millet; that our broomcorn millet might be abundant, and our foxtail millet luxuriant.
* God of cereals
* † minister of agriculture

### Compounds

* 功在社稷
* 后稷 (Hòujì)
* 社稷 (shèjì)
* 社稷之器
* 社稷之臣 (shèjì zhī chén)
* 社稷為墟／社稷为墟
* 稷下
* 稷下先生
* 稷下學派／稷下学派
* 稷山 (Jìshān, “Jishan”)
* 稷神
* 稷蜂社鼠
* 芒稷
* 黍稷

### Descendants

* → Uzbek: so'k

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): しょく (shoku)
* Kun: きび (kibi, 稷)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 稷
* きび Hyōgai
* kun'yomi

### Noun

稷(きび) or 稷(キビ) • (kibi)
* Alternative form of 黍

## Korean
### Hanja

稷 • (jik) (hangeul 직, revised jik, McCune–Reischauer chik, Yale cik)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

稷: Hán Nôm readings: tắc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.