# 國都
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guódū
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwok$^3$ dou$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kok-to͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gog$^4$ dou$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guódū
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guódu
*** Wade–Giles: kuo$^2$-tu$^1$
*** Yale: gwó-dū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gwodu
*** Palladius: году (godu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ɔ³⁵ tu⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwok$^3$ dou$^1$
*** Yale: gwok dōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwok$^8$ dou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guog$^3$ dou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɔːk̚³ tou̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok-to͘
*** Tâi-lô: kok-too
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kokdof
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ tɔ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gog$^4$ dou$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kok tou
*** Sinological IPA : /kok̚²⁻⁴ tou³³/
* Middle Chinese: kwok tu
Rime :
| Character | 國 | 都 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (132) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 古或切 | 當孤切 |
| Baxter | kwok | tu |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kwək̚/ | /tuo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷək̚/ | /tuo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuək̚/ | /to/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwək̚/ | /tɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /kuək̚/ | /to/ |
| Wang Li | /kuək̚/ | /tu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kwək̚/ | /tuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guo | dū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwak$^1$ | dou$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.q]ʷˤək tˤa/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʷɯːɡ taː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 國 | 都 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | guó | dū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kwok › | ‹ tu › |
| Old Chinese | /*[C.q]ʷˁək/ | /*tˁa/ |
| English | state (n.) | capital city |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 國 | 都 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5547 | 16968 |
| Phonetic component | 或 | 者 |
| Rime group | 職 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 國 | 都 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷɯːɡ/ | /*taː/ |

### Noun

國都
* national capital
    From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
    Dù Hūtuó, shè Yìshuǐ, bù zhì sì wǔ rì, ér jù guódōu yǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Usage notes

When translating the English term capital city, use 首都 (shǒudū) when referring to the capital of a country, 首府 (shǒufǔ) when referring to the capital of a state or autonomous region, and 省會／省会 (shěnghuì) when referring to the capital of a province. Alternative terms for the capital of a country include 國都／国都 (guódū), 京城 (jīngchéng), 京都 (jīngdū), 京邑 (jīngyì) and 都城 (dūchéng) all of which are more commonly used in literary language.

#### Synonyms

* 上國／上国 (shàngguó) (literary)
* 京城 (jīngchéng) (literary)
* 京師／京师 (jīngshī) (literary)
* 京華／京华 (jīnghuá) (literary)
* 京邑 (jīngyì) (literary)
* 京都 (jīngdū) (literary)
* 國家／国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
* 帝都 (dìdū) (imperial capital)
* 王京 (wángjīng) (literary, royal capital)
* 王都 (wángdū) (formal, royal capital)
* 皇州 (huángzhōu) (literary, imperial capital)
* 神州 (shénzhōu) (literary)
* 都城 (dūchéng)
* 都邑 (dūyì) (literary)
* 都門／都门 (dūmén) (literary)
* 鎬京／镐京 (hàojīng) (literary)
* 長安／长安 (cháng'ān) (literary, figurative)
* 首都 (shǒudū)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 国(こく)都(と) (kokuto)
* → Korean: 국도(國都) (gukdo)

#### See also

* 省會／省会 (shěnghuì)
* 首府 (shǒufǔ)