# ばらす
## Japanese
### Etymology

Ultimate derivation unclear. Appears from the early 1700s.
Analyzable as the regular causative / transitive form of root verb ばる (baru), from which ばれる (bareru) derives as the regular mediopassive / intransitive. Compare similar verb paradigms with root verb 明く (aku), causative / transitive 明かす (akasu), mediopassive / intransitive 明ける (akeru), Old Japanese 出づ (idu) and modern causative / transitive 出す (dasu), mediopassive / intransitive 出る (deru), Old Japanese 生ゆ (hayu) and modern 生やす (hayasu) and 生える (haeru).
Cognate with ばれる (bareru, “to be found out; to be all messed up, in disarry”), ばらばら (barabara, “all messed up, in complete disarray”, adjective, adverb). The term ばらばら (barabara) actually appears earliest in texts, starting from the late 1500s, followed by ばれる (bareru) in the late 1600s and ばらす (barasu) in the early 1700s. This suggests the possibility that the adjective / adverb came first, with the verbs then deriving from that.
Possibly related to adjective あばら (abara).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ばらす [bàráꜜsù] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [ba̠ɾa̠sɨ]
* (Kyoto) ばらす [bárású] (Kōki – [0])

### Verb

ばらす or バラす • (barasu) transitive godan (stem ばらし (barashi), past ばらした (barashita))
Japanese verb pair :
| active | ばらす |
| mediopassive | ばれる |
* to decompose, to disassembly, to take something to pieces and scatter its bits
    Synonyms: ばらばらにする (barabara ni suru), 分解する (bunkai suru)
    Antonym: 組み立てる (kumitateru)
    機(き)械(かい)をばらす
       kikai o barasu
       to decompose a machine
* to make something all scattered and messy, to mess something up, to put something into disarray
    Synonym: ばらばらにする (barabara ni suru)
* to expose a secret, to find something out and expose it
    Synonyms: 暴く (abaku), 暴露する (bakuro suru)
    買(ばい)収(しゅう)をばらす
       baishū o barasu
       to expose the bribery
* (slang) to kill, to slaughter
    Synonym: (occasionally read as barasu) 殺す (korosu)
    魚(さかな)をばらす
       sakana o barasu
       to kill a fish
* to sell something off
    Synonyms: 売り払う (uriharau), 売り飛ばす (uritobasu)
* to sell something at a low or bargain price
    Synonym: 安売りする (yasuuri suru)
* (fishing) to release a fish from one's hook
    Synonym: (to let something go, to release something) 逃す (nogasu)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ばらさ | barasa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ばらし | barashi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ばらす | barasu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ばらす | barasu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ばらせ | barase |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ばらせ | barase |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | ばらされる | barasareru |
| Causative | ばらさせる ばらさす | barasaseru barasasu |
| Potential | ばらせる | baraseru |
| Volitional | ばらそう | barasō |
| Negative | ばらさない | barasanai |
| Negative continuative | ばらさず | barasazu |
| Formal | ばらします | barashimasu |
| Perfective | ばらした | barashita |
| Conjunctive | ばらして | barashite |
| Hypothetical conditional | ばらせば | baraseba |

#### Related terms

* ばれる (bareru): (intransitive) to be discovered, to be found out; to become in disarray, to become disorganized

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 “ばら・す”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here