# Schröderization
## English
### Etymology

From German Schröder (surname of the former German chancellor Gerhard Schröder (born 1944)) +‎ -ization. Schröderization refers to his actions of quickly agreeing to the Nord Stream pipeline project for Russia to supply natural gas to Germany before he stepped down as chancellor in 2005, and subsequently accepting paid positions in various Russian energy companies, which were widely criticized.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌʃɹɜːdəɹaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/, /-ɹɪ-/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˌʃɹɜːdəɹaɪˈzeɪʃən/, /-ɹə-/
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən
* Hyphenation: Schrö‧der‧i‧za‧tion

### Noun

Schröderization (uncountable) (American spelling, Oxford British English)
* (politics) The co-opting of business or political figures by a foreign regime, specifically Russia. [from early 21st c.]
** [2006, The Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, Columbus, Oh.: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 15, column 2:Nevertheless, official Berlin's clearly heightened interest in the subject of human rights compels us to speak of the start of the "de-Schröderization" of German policy toward Moscow.]
** 2008 October 10, Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea, “EU and Russia (EUC [European Union Committee] Report)”, in House of Commons Debates (House of Lords of the United Kingdom)‎, volume 704, part no. 137, London: Parliament of the United Kingdom, archived from the original on 27 October 2016, column 428:Clearly, as has been said, we should diversify sources of energy. […] As Edward Lucas says in his book The New Cold War, we should avoid the Finlandisation, or what he rather unkindly called the "Schröderisation", of western Europe.
** 2009, James Sherr, “The Implications of the Russia–Georgia War for European Security”, in Svante E. Cornell, S[tephen] Frederick Starr, editors, The Guns of August 2008: Russia’s War in Georgia (Studies of Central Asia and the Caucasus), Abingdon, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, published 2015, →ISBN, page 223:Little awareness is shown of the aggressive uses of Russian economic power and its intelligence presence, not only in the former Soviet Union but, with increasing confidence and guile, in the new EU member states of Central and Southeastern Europe. It is Russia's novel modes of engagement, not "Cold War stereotypes," that explain why shreyderizatsia (Schröderization) has become part of the region's vocabulary.
** 2010, V[olodymyr] P[avlovych] Horbulin, O. F. Byelov, O. V. Lytvynenko, “The Security Situation around Ukraine: A General Description”, in Ukraine’s National Security: An Agenda for the Security Sector, Zürich, Berlin: LIT Verlag, →ISBN, page 46:Despite the disagreement of Poland and Lithuania, the renewal of EU–Russia negotiations in November 2008 in relation to the development of a new general agreement is evidence of a gradual formation of separate political relations or possibly even a hint of ‘Schröderisation’ […] in the European Union. It should be noted that ‘Schröderisation’ is not about the construction of an EU–Russia union so much as the general softening of Washington’s attitude towards the Kremlin and development of Russia’s own domestic policy towards the West of deeper involvement with it.
** 2013 April, Boris Nemtsov, quotee, “The Adoption of the EU Magnitsky Law would be a Blow to the Criminal Regime”, in Elena Servettaz, editor, Why Europe Needs a Magnitsky Law: Should the EU Follow the US?‎, [United Kingdom?]: Elena Servettaz, published 2013, →ISBN, archived from the original on 28 January 2019, page 55:But it is true that he [Vladimir Putin] has managed to pull off a "Schröderisation" (buying politicians, businessmen, etc.) of Europe.
** 2015, Dobrota Pucherová, Róbert Gáfrik, “Introduction: Which Postcolonial Europe?”, in Dobrota Pucherová, Róbert Gáfrik, editors, Postcolonial Europe?: Essays on Post-Communist Literatures and Cultures (Internationale Forschungen zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft [International Research on General and Comparative Literature]), Leiden, Boston, Mass.: Brill and Rodopi, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 11:According to the French commentator Françoise Thom, [Vladimir] Putin’s politics of re-integration of the former Soviet territory, in which the war in Ukraine is the first step, is ideologically accompanied by the rehabilitation of Sovietism, or even Stalinism, and economically by a ‘Schröderization’ of European elites by making Europe dependent on its gas and oil.
** 2017, Lars-Christian U. Talseth, “The Geoeconomic Dialogue (2006–2009)”, in The Politics of Power: EU–Russia Energy Relations in the 21st Century, Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, page 185:In the end, [Angela] Merkel defeated [Gerhard] Schröder, leading many to believe that the ‘Schröderization’ of Germany’s Russia policy had come to an end. But it took more than promises to curb the appetite of German business interests in Russia, as Merkel would soon find out.
** 2020, Mathieu Fulla, “French Socialists, Capitalism and the State: A Unique Approach within West European Social Democracy?”, in Mathieu Fulla, Marc Lazar, editors, European Socialists and the State in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries (Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements), Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, part III (Socialists and Changes in Capitalism and States), page 277:Like Gerhard Schröder and Tony Blair before him, François Hollande saw himself as driving a "third way" for socialism, between social democracy and liberalism […]. In the same spirit, several German media outlets, analysing the principles of the competitiveness pact, interpreted it as symbolic of the French president's "Schröderisation".

#### Alternative forms

* Schroderization, Schröderisation, schröderisation (non-Oxford British English)

#### Related terms

* Putinversteher