# 齷齪
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wòchuò
       (Zhuyin): ㄨㄛˋ ㄔㄨㄛˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): o$^2$ co$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): aak$^1$ cuk$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ok-chhok
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^7$oq-tshoq$_7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wòchuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄛˋ ㄔㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wòchuò
*** Wade–Giles: wo$^4$-chʻo$^4$
*** Yale: wò-chwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wohchuoh
*** Palladius: вочо (vočo)
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: o$^2$ co$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: o co
*** Sinological IPA : /o²¹ t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: aak$^1$ cuk$^1$
*** Yale: āak chūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: aak$^7$ tsuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ag$^1$ cug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /aːk̚⁵ t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok-chhok
*** Tâi-lô: ok-tshok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: okzhog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰɔk̚³²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^7$oq-tshoq$_7$
*** MiniDict: oh$^入$ tshoh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$oq-tshoq$_4$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /oʔ³³ t͡sʰoʔ⁴⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /oʔ⁴⁴ t͡sʰoʔ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: 'aewk tsrhaewk
Rime :
| Character | 齷 | 齪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 覺 (10) | 覺 (10) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 於角切 | 測角切 |
| Baxter | 'aewk | tsrhaewk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠʌk̚/ | /t͡ʃʰˠʌk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚɔk̚/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚɔk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɔk̚/ | /t͡ʃʰɔk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔaɨwk̚/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔɔk̚/ | /t͡ʃʰɔk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɔk̚/ | /t͡ʃʰɔk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔɔk̚/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰɔk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yue | chuo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ok$^3$ | cok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qroːɡ sʰroːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 齷 | 齪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 13070 | 17918 |
| Phonetic component | 屋 | 足 |
| Rime group | 屋 | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 渥 | 娖 |
| Old Chinese | /*qroːɡ/ | /*sʰroːɡ/ |
| Notes | 見張衡賦 | 注：開孔具。集韻以此爲正， 注齷齪迫也，見張衡賦 |

#### Adjective

齷齪
* filthy; dirty
* vile; despicable
* (literary) narrow (minded); small; confined
    alt. forms: 握齪／握龊 (wòchuò)

##### Usage notes

* Not to be confused with 齟齬／龃龉 (jǔyǔ).

##### Synonyms

* (filthy):
* 不乾淨／不干净 (bù gānjìng)
* 惡濁／恶浊 (èzhuó)
* 污穢／污秽 (wūhuì)
* 骯髒／肮脏
* 髒／脏
* 髒兮兮／脏兮兮 (zāngxīxī)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 污, 穢, 污穢 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 骯髒, 污穢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 髒, 腌臢 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 髒, 骯髒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 髒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 埋汰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 骯髒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 邋遢 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 骯髒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 髒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 髒, 窩囊, 腌臢 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 髒, 邋乎, 埋汰 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 齷齪, 邋遢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 陳 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 髒, 日髒, 骯髒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 髒, 骯髒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 骯髒, 髒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 骯髒, 腌臢 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 髒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 髒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 髒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 挖抓, 髒, 齷齪, 邋遢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guang'an | 挖抓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 挖抓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 拉瓜, 賴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 髒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 邋遢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 邋遢, 污糟, 涴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 髒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 髒, 邋遢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 髒, 膿糟, 拾弄 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 污糟, 邋遢, 揦鮓 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 污糟, 邋遢, 揦鮓 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 邋遢, 骯屎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 骯屎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 揦鮓 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 垠 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 污糟 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 污糟, 邋遢 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 邋遢, 揦鮓 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 污糟, 邋遢 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 污糟, 邋遢 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 污糟 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 污糟 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 污糟 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 污糟 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 邋遢 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 邋遢 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 揦鮓 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 揦鮓 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 揦鮓, 邋遢 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 揦鮓 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 邋遢, 揦鮓, 黧貰 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 邋遢, 揦鮓 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 邋遢 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 邋遢 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 賴濕, 鹹濕 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 垠 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 失引, 污糟, 揦鮓 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 污糟, 揦鮓 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 腌臢 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 邋遢 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 雷堆, 雷賴, 齷齪 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 漚紐, 穢 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 累贅 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 囉嗦 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 囉嗦 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 囉嗦 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 烏數 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 烏奴 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 邋遢 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 垃圾 |
| Hakka | Changting | 齷齪 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 屙糟 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 屙糟 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 屙糟 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 齷齪 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 屙糟 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 屙糟 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 垃圾 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 屙糟, 垃圾 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 屙糟, 垃圾 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 屙糟, 垃圾 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 屙糟, 垃圾 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 屙糟, 垃圾 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 屙糟, 垃圾 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 漚紐, 累贅, 囉嗦 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 活柴, 污糟 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 邋遢, 污糟 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 遢邋 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 遢邋 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 邋遢 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 邋遢 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 邋遢 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 日髒, 髒, 腌臢 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 日髒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 髒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 污喏, 垃圾 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 污喏 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 污喏 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 垃圾 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 垃圾 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 垃渣, 濫𡞟, 懶露, 五鹵, 齷齪 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 流瘍, 流死瘍, 垃圾, 腌臢, 驚儂, 垃儳, 穢涗, 塕埃 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 腌臢, 兇, 驚儂, 穢涗, 塕埃 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 腌臢, 垃圾, 淤漬, 驚儂, 垃圾鬼, 穢涗, 塕埃 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 垃圾, 垃儳, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 垃圾, 腌臢, 癩𰣻, 驚儂 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩𰣻, 驚儂 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 垃圾, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 垃圾 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 垃圾 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩𰣻, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂, 流𣻸 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 垃圾 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 垃圾, 腌臢, 癩𰣻 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 垃圾, 腌臢, 驚儂, 垃儳, 癩𰣻 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 垃圾, 腌臢, 驚儂, 垃儳, 癩𰣻 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 垃儳 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 流瘍, 垃儳, 垃圾, 厚穢 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 腌臢 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 垃圾, 鏖糟, 凄疑 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 垃圾, 鏖糟, 凄疑 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 垃圾 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 垃圾, 鏖糟, 凄疑 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 凄疑 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 垃圾, 邋遢 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 邋滯 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 尻髒 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 尻髒 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 污盧 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 齷齪 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 齷齪, 鏖糟 dated |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 邋遢, 齷齪 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 齷齪, 邋遢, 污糟 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 污糟, 齷拉 |
| Wu | Danyang | 髒 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 埲, 邋遢 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 膩腥, 鏖糟, 淟汰, 邋遢 dated |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 鏖糟, 髒 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 遮捏, 鏖糟 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 邋遢, 邋糊 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 派老, 邋遢 |
* (vile):
* 卑劣 (bēiliè)
* 卑鄙
* 鄙劣 (bǐliè) (literary)
* 醜陋／丑陋 (chǒulòu)
* 骯髒／肮脏

##### Derived terms

* 卑鄙齷齪／卑鄙龌龊 (bēibǐwòchuò)
* 卑陋齷齪／卑陋龌龊

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ak-chak
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ak-chak
*** Tâi-lô: ak-tsak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: akzag
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sak̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ak̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sak̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ak̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sak̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sak̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sak̚³²/

#### Adjective

齷齪
* (Hokkien) jittery; uncomfortable; irritable; agitated; anxious (due to sultry weather, stuffy air, bad environmental conditions, disorder, crowding, etc.)

##### Derived terms

* 齷齪氣／龌龊气
* 齷齪火／龌龊火
* 齷齪熱／龌龊热

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 齷齪(あくせく) (akuseku)
* → Korean: 악착(齷齪) (akchak)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 齷 | 齪 |
| あく Hyōgai | せく Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 𮯎𮯇 (extended shinjitai)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [a̠kɯ̟se̞kɯ̟]

### Adverb

齷(あく)齪(せく) • (akuseku)
* busily, fussily, worrying about small things

#### Usage notes

* Takes the と (to) particle.

### Verb

齷(あく)齪(せく)する • (akuseku suru) suru (stem 齷(あく)齪(せく)し (akuseku shi), past 齷(あく)齪(せく)した (akuseku shita))
* busy oneself, get worked up, worry oneself

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 齷齪し | あくせくし | akuseku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 齷齪し | あくせくし | akuseku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 齷齪する | あくせくする | akuseku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 齷齪する | あくせくする | akuseku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 齷齪すれ | あくせくすれ | akuseku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 齷齪せよ¹ 齷齪しろ² | あくせくせよ¹ あくせくしろ² | akuseku seyo¹ akuseku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 齷齪される | あくせくされる | akuseku sareru |
| Causative | 齷齪させる 齷齪さす | あくせくさせる あくせくさす | akuseku saseru akuseku sasu |
| Potential | 齷齪できる | あくせくできる | akuseku dekiru |
| Volitional | 齷齪しよう | あくせくしよう | akuseku shiyō |
| Negative | 齷齪しない | あくせくしない | akuseku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 齷齪せず | あくせくせず | akuseku sezu |
| Formal | 齷齪します | あくせくします | akuseku shimasu |
| Perfective | 齷齪した | あくせくした | akuseku shita |
| Conjunctive | 齷齪して | あくせくして | akuseku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 齷齪すれば | あくせくすれば | akuseku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 齷 | 齪 |

### Noun

齷齪 • (akchak) (hangeul 악착)
* hanja form of 악착 (“stubbornness; tenacity”)