# ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϣⲧⲁⲗⲧⲉⲗ (štaltel), ϣⲧⲁⲣⲧⲉⲣ (štarter) — Fayyumic
* ϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ (štortr) — Sahidic
* ϣⲧⲁⲣⲧⲣ (štartr) — Lycopolitan
* ⳉⲧⲁⲣⲧⲣⲉ (xtartre) — Akhmimic

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Classical Coptic) /ˈʃtʰoɾtəɾ/
* IPA: (Late Coptic) /ˈʃduɾdaɾ/
* IPA: (Pronunciation reform) /eʃˈθorter/

### Verb

ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ • (šthorter) (nominal state ϣⲑⲉⲣⲧⲉⲣ-, pronominal state ϣⲧⲉⲣⲑⲱⲣ⸗, stative ϣⲧⲉⲣⲑⲱⲣ)
* (Bohairic, intransitive) to be disturbed, troubled, in haste
* (Bohairic, transitive) to disturb, to cause to hasten

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šthorter | imperative | affirmative | ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šthorter |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ štemšthorter | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀peršthorter |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ tišthorter | ⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ kšthorter | ⲧⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ tešthorter | ϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ fšthorter | ⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ sšthorter | ⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ tenšthorter | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ tetenšthorter | ⲥⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ sešthorter | ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šthorter |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ eišthorter | ⲉⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ekšthorter | ⲉⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ erešthorter | ⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ efšthorter | ⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ esšthorter | ⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ enšthorter | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ eretenšthorter | ⲉⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ eušthorter | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ere- šthorter |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etišthorter | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etekšthorter | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etešthorter | ⲉⲧⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etefšthorter | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etesšthorter | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etenšthorter | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etetenšthorter | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etoušthorter | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ete- šthorter |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ naišthorter | ⲛⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nakšthorter | ⲛⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ narešthorter | ⲛⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nafšthorter | ⲛⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nasšthorter | ⲛⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nanšthorter | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ naretenšthorter | ⲛⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ naušthorter | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nare- šthorter |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ aišthorter | ⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ akšthorter | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ arešthorter | ⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ afšthorter | ⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ asšthorter | ⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ anšthorter | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ aretenšthorter | ⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ aušthorter | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ are- šthorter |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ tinašthorter | ⲭⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ khnašthorter | ⲧⲉⲣⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ terašthorter | ϥⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ fnašthorter | ⲥⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ snašthorter | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ tennašthorter | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ tetennašthorter | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ senašthorter | ⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ našthorter |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ einašthorter | ⲉⲭⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ekhnašthorter | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ erenašthorter | ⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ efnašthorter | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ esnašthorter | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ennašthorter | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ eretennašthorter | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ eunašthorter | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ere- našthorter |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etinašthorter | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etekhnašthorter | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etenašthorter | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etefnašthorter | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etesnašthorter | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etennašthorter | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etetennašthorter | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etounašthorter | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ete- našthorter |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nainašthorter | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nakhnašthorter | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ narenašthorter | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nafnašthorter | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nasnašthorter | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nannašthorter | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ naretennašthorter | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ naunašthorter | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nare- našthorter |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ainašthorter | ⲁⲭⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ akhnašthorter | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ arenašthorter | ⲁϥⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ afnašthorter | ⲁⲥⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ asnašthorter | ⲁⲛⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ annašthorter | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ aretennašthorter | ⲁⲩⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ aunašthorter | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ are- našthorter |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ aišthorter | ⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ akšthorter | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ arešthorter | ⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ afšthorter | ⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ asšthorter | ⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ anšthorter | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ atetenšthorter | ⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ aušthorter | ⲁ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ a- šthorter |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀pišthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀pekšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀pešthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀pefšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀pesšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀penšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀petenšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀poušthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀pe- šthorter |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ eaišthorter | ⲉⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ eakšthorter | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ earešthorter | ⲉⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ eafšthorter | ⲉⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ easšthorter | ⲉⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ eanšthorter | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ eatetenšthorter | ⲉⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ eaušthorter | ⲉⲁ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ea- šthorter |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀pišthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀pekšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀pešthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀pefšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀pesšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀penšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀petenšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀poušthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀pe- šthorter |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etaišthorter | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etakšthorter | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etarešthorter | ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etafšthorter | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etasšthorter | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etanšthorter | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etaretenšthorter | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etaušthorter | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ eta- šthorter |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀pišthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀pekšthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀pešthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀pefšthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀pesšthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀penšthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀petenšthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀poušthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀pe- šthorter |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ neaišthorter | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ neakšthorter | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nearešthorter | ⲛⲉⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ neafšthorter | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ neasšthorter | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ neanšthorter | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ neatetenšthorter | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ neaušthorter | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nea- šthorter |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nem̀pišthorter | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nem̀pekšthorter | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nem̀pešthorter | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nem̀pefšthorter | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nem̀pesšthorter | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nem̀penšthorter | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nem̀petenšthorter | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nem̀poušthorter | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nem̀pe- šthorter |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etaišthorter | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etakšthorter | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etarešthorter | ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etafšthorter | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etasšthorter | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etanšthorter | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etaretenšthorter | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etaušthorter | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ eta- šthorter |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀patišthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀patekšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀patešthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀patefšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀patesšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀patenšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀patetenšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀patoušthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀pate- šthorter |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀patišthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀patekšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀patešthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀patefšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀patesšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀patenšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀patetenšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀patoušthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀pate- šthorter |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀patišthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀patekšthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀patešthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀patefšthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀patesšthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀patenšthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀patetenšthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀patoušthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀pate- šthorter |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀patišthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀patekšthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀patešthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀patefšthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀patesšthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀patenšthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀patetenšthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀patoušthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀pate- šthorter |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šaišthorter | ϣⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šakšthorter | ϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šarešthorter | ϣⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šafšthorter | ϣⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šasšthorter | ϣⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šanšthorter | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šatetenšthorter | ϣⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šaušthorter | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šare- šthorter |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀paišthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀pakšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀parešthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀pafšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀pasšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀panšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀paretenšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀paušthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀pare- šthorter |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ešaišthorter | ⲉϣⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ešakšthorter | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ešarešthorter | ⲉϣⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ešafšthorter | ⲉϣⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ešasšthorter | ⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ešanšthorter | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ešatetenšthorter | ⲉϣⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ešaušthorter | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ešare- šthorter |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀paišthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀pakšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀parešthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀pafšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀pasšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀panšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀paretenšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀paušthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀pare- šthorter |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etšaišthorter | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etšakšthorter | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etšarešthorter | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etšafšthorter | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etšasšthorter | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etšanšthorter | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etšatetenšthorter | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etšaušthorter | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etšare- šthorter |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀paišthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀pakšthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀parešthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀pafšthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀pasšthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀panšthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀paretenšthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀paušthorter | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ etm̀pare- šthorter |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ našaišthorter | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ našakšthorter | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ našarešthorter | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ našafšthorter | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ našasšthorter | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ našanšthorter | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ našatetenšthorter | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ našaušthorter | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ našare- šthorter |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀paišthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀pakšthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀parešthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀pafšthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀pasšthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀panšthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀paretenšthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀paušthorter | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ nam̀pare- šthorter |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀paišthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀pakšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀parešthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀pafšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀pasšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀panšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀paretenšthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀paušthorter | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ em̀pare- šthorter |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ eiešthorter | ⲉⲕⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ekešthorter | ⲉⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ erešthorter | ⲉϥⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ efešthorter | ⲉⲥⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ esešthorter | ⲉⲛⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ enešthorter | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ eretenešthorter | ⲉⲩⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ euešthorter | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ere- šthorter |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹnašthorter | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹnekšthorter | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹnešthorter | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹnefšthorter | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹnesšthorter | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹnenšthorter | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹnetenšthorter | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹnoušthorter | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹne- šthorter |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ marišthorter | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ marefšthorter | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ maresšthorter | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ marenšthorter | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ maroušthorter | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ mare- šthorter |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀penthrišthorter | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀penthrefšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀penthresšthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀penthrenšthorter | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀penthreušthorter | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ m̀penthre- šthorter |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹtašthorter | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹtekšthorter | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹtešthorter | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹtefšthorter | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹtesšthorter | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹtenšthorter | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹtetenšthorter | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹsešthorter, ǹtoušthorter | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ǹte- šthorter |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ tarišthorter | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ tarekšthorter | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ tarešthorter | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ tarefšthorter | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ taresšthorter | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ tarenšthorter | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ taretenšthorter | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ taroušthorter | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ tare- šthorter |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šatišthorter | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šatekšthorter | ϣⲁⲧⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šatešthorter | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šatefšthorter | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šatesšthorter | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šatenšthorter | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šatetenšthorter | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šatoušthorter | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ šate- šthorter |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ aišanšthorter | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ akšanšthorter | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ arešanšthorter | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ afšanšthorter | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ asšanšthorter | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ anšanšthorter | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ aretenšanšthorter | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ aušanšthorter | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ arešan- šthorter |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ aišthorter | ⲁⲕϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ akšthorter | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ arešthorter | ⲁϥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ afšthorter | ⲁⲥϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ asšthorter | ⲁⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ anšthorter | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ aretenšthorter | ⲁⲩϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ aušthorter | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ are- šthorter |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 597