# 金城湯池
## Chinese

| | | impregnable city; Jincheng | city moat; impregnable fortress |
| trad. (金城湯池) | trad. (金城湯池) | 金城 | 湯池 |
| simp. (金城汤池) | simp. (金城汤池) | 金城 | 汤池 |
| Literally: “[city with] metal walls and boiling moat”. ||||

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīnchéngtāngchí
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ ㄔㄥˊ ㄊㄤ ㄔˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^1$ sing$^4$ tong$^1$ ci$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīnchéngtāngchí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ ㄔㄥˊ ㄊㄤ ㄔˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jinchéngtangchíh
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^1$-chʻêng$^2$-tʻang$^1$-chʻih$^2$
*** Yale: jīn-chéng-tāng-chŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jincherngtangchyr
*** Palladius: цзиньчэнтанчи (czinʹčɛntanči)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^1$ sing$^4$ tong$^1$ ci$^4$
*** Yale: gām sìhng tōng chìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^1$ sing$^4$ tong$^1$ tsi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^1$ xing$^4$ tong$^1$ qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹ tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kim dzyeng thang drje
Rime :
| Character | 金 | 城 | 湯 | 池 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 2/3 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 常 (25) | 透 (6) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) | 清 (121) | 唐 (101) | 支 (13) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | I | III |
| Fanqie | 居吟切 | 是征切 | 吐郎切 | 直離切 |
| Baxter | kim | dzyeng | thang | drje |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiɪm/ | /d͡ʑiᴇŋ/ | /tʰɑŋ/ | /ɖˠiᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚim/ | /d͡ʑiɛŋ/ | /tʰɑŋ/ | /ɖᵚiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiem/ | /d͡ʑiæŋ/ | /tʰɑŋ/ | /ȡiɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kjim/ | /d͡ʑiajŋ/ | /tʰaŋ/ | /ɖjiə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /kjəm/ | /ʑiɛŋ/ | /tʰɑŋ/ | /ȡje/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭĕm/ | /ʑĭɛŋ/ | /tʰɑŋ/ | /ȡǐe/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯əm/ | /ʑi̯ɛŋ/ | /tʰɑŋ/ | /ȡʱie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīn | chéng | tāng | chí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gam$^1$ | sing$^4$ | tong$^1$ | ci$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)[ə]m [d]eŋ l̥aŋ|l̥ˤaŋ|r̥ˤaŋ Cə.lraj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krɯm djeŋ l̥ʰaːŋ|l̥ʰaːŋs|hljaŋ l'aːl|l'al/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 金 | 城 | 湯 | 湯 | 湯 | 池 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jīn | chéng | shāng | tāng | tāng | chí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kim › | ‹ dzyeng › | ‹ syang › | ‹ thang › | ‹ thang › | ‹ drje › |
| Old Chinese | /*k(r)[ə]m/ | /*[d]eŋ/ | /*l̥aŋ/ | /*l̥ˁaŋ/ | /*r̥ˁaŋ/ | /*Cə.lraj/ |
| English | metal, bronze | city wall | amply-flowing | hot liquid | (proper name:) founder of Shāng dynasty | pool (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 金 | 城 | 湯 | 湯 | 湯 | 池 | 池 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 6679 | 1418 | 14552 | 14560 | 14585 | 14769 | 14779 |
| Phonetic component | 金 | 成 | 昜 | 昜 | 昜 | 也 | 也 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 耕 | 陽 | 陽 | 陽 | 歌 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 金 | 成 | 湯 | 儻 | 商 | 駝 | 馳 |
| Old Chinese | /*krɯm/ | /*djeŋ/ | /*l̥ʰaːŋ/ | /*l̥ʰaːŋs/ | /*hljaŋ/ | /*l'aːl/ | /*l'al/ |
| Notes | 說文今聲，俞敏依金文非之 | | | 後作燙 | | | |

### Idiom

金城湯池
* firm city; strongly-fortified city

#### Synonyms

* (short form) 金湯／金汤 (jīntāng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 金(きん)城(じょう)湯(とう)池(ち) (kinjōtōchi)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 金 | 城 | 湯 | 池 |
| きん Grade: 1 | じょう Grade: 4 | とう Grade: 3 | ち Grade: 2 |
| kan'on | goon | on'yomi | kan'on |

### Etymology

From Literary Chinese 金城湯池 (jīnchéngtāngchí) in the 漢書 (Kanjo, “Book of Han”).
Equivalent to 金城 (kinjō, “metal castle”) +‎ 湯池 (tōchi, literally “hot-water moat”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きんじょーとーち [kìńjóótóꜜòchì] (Nakadaka – [5])
* IPA: [kʲĩɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ːto̞ːt͡ɕi]

### Noun

金(きん)城(じょう)湯(とう)池(ち) • (kinjōtōchi)
* (idiomatic) a well-defended castle or fortified city
* (by extension) something firm and cannot easily be penetrated or broken

#### See also

* 金(きん)湯(とう) (kintō, short form)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN