# 成年
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chéngnián
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sing$^4$ nin$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n-ngièn / sṳ̀n-ngiàn
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sêng-liân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng$^5$ ni$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéngnián
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéngnián
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$-nien$^2$
*** Yale: chéng-nyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngnian
*** Palladius: чэннянь (čɛnnjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^4$ nin$^4$
*** Yale: sìhng nìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^4$ nin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^4$ nin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ²¹ niːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n-ngièn
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin$^ˇ$ ngien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^2$ ngian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹ ŋi̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n-ngiàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin$^ˇ$ ngian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^2$ ngian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹ ŋi̯an¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-liân
*** Tâi-lô: sîng-liân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: senglieen
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ¹³⁻²² liɛn¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ liɛn²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sêng$^5$ ni$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng nî
*** Sinological IPA : /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ni⁵⁵/

#### Verb

成年
* to become an adult; to grow up; to come of age

##### Derived terms

* 成年人 (chéngniánrén)
* 成年年齡／成年年龄 (chéngnián niánlíng)
* 成年禮／成年礼 (chéngniánlǐ)
* 成年者 (chéngniánzhě)
* 未成年 (wèichéngnián)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chéngnián
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seng$^4$ nin$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiâⁿ-nî
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéngnián
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéngnián
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$-nien$^2$
*** Yale: chéng-nyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngnian
*** Palladius: чэннянь (čɛnnjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seng$^4$ nin$^4$
*** Yale: sèhng nìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: seng$^4$ nin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: séng$^4$ nin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛːŋ²¹ niːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâⁿ-nî
*** Tâi-lô: tsiânn-nî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cvianii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siã²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siã²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siã¹³⁻²² nĩ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siã²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siã²³⁻³³ nĩ²³/

#### Adverb

成年
* (informal) all year; for the whole year
* (Cantonese, Southern Min) for almost a year

##### Synonyms

* (all year):
* 一年到暗 (Hakka)
* 一年到頭／一年到头 (yīniándàotóu)
* 一年四季 (yīniánsìjì)
* 全年 (quánnián)
* 四季 (sìjì)
* 四時／四时 (sìshí)
* 夠年／够年 (gao$^3$ ni$^5$) (Teochew)
* 完年 (Hakka)
* 常年 (chángnián)
* 整年 (zhěngnián)
* 歲時／岁时 (suìshí)
* 永年 (yǒngnián)
* 終年／终年 (zhōngnián) (literary)
* 終歲／终岁 (zhōngsuì) (literary)
* 規圇年／规囵年 (Hokkien)
* 規年／规年 (Hokkien)
* 規年通天／规年通天 (Hokkien)
* 透年 (Hokkien)
* 長年／长年

#### Noun

成年
* (Cantonese, Southern Min) almost a year

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 成 | 年 |
| せい Grade: 4 | ねん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せーねん [sèénéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [se̞ːnẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

成(せい)年(ねん) • (seinen)
* legal age, age (time of life when one attains full person rights), the age of adulthood (20 in Japan)

#### Antonyms

* 未成年(みせいねん) (miseinen)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 成 | 年 |

### Noun

成年 • (seongnyeon) (hangeul 성년)
* hanja form of 성년 (“adult age”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 成 | 年 |

### Adjective

成年
* chữ Hán form of thành niên (“adult”).