# 損

| 損 | U+640D, &#25613; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-640D |
| ← 搌 [U+640C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 搎 → [U+640E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

損 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 手口月金 (QRBC), four-corner 5608$_6$, composition ⿰扌員)
* diminish
* impair
* injure
* to damage
* 41st hexagram of the I Ching

#### Derived characters

* 𨆥

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 446, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12459
* Dae Jaweon: page 796, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1931, character 10
* Unihan data for U+640D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 員 | *ɢon, *ɢun |
| 圓 | *ɢon |
| 塤 | *qʰon |
| 損 | *sqʰuːnʔ |
| 縜 | *ɢun |
| 隕 | *ɢunʔ |
| 殞 | *ɢunʔ |
| 溳 | *ɢunʔ, *ɢun |
| 磒 | *ɢunʔ |
| 霣 | *ɢunʔ |
| 愪 | *ɢunʔ, *ɢun |
| 勛 | *qʰun |
| 鄖 | *ɢun |
| 篔 | *ɢun |
| 貟 | *ɢun, *ɢuns |
| 韻 | *ɢʷɯns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰuːnʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sǔn (sun$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): syun$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sún
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sún / sńg / súiⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sung$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sǔn
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sǔn
*** Wade–Giles: sun$^3$
*** Yale: swǔn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: soen
*** Palladius: сунь (sunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /su̯ən²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syun$^2$
*** Yale: syún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: syn$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /syːn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sún
*** Hakka Romanization System: sun$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /sun³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sún
*** Tâi-lô: sún
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suon
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sun⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sun⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sńg
*** Tâi-lô: sńg
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sngr
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /sŋ̍⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sŋ̍⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: súiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: suínn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svuie
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /suĩ⁵³/
* sún - literary;
* sńg/súiⁿ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: swonX
Rime :
| Character | 損 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蘇本切 |
| Baxter | swonX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /suən$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /suon$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /suən$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /swən$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /suən$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /suən$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /suən$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sǔn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | syun$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-q]ʷˤə[n]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰuːnʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 損 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sǔn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ swon$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s-q]ʷˁə[n]ʔ/ |
| English | diminish, damage |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 損 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16202 |
| Phonetic component | 員 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 損 |
| Old Chinese | /*sqʰuːnʔ/ |

### Definitions

損
* to reduce; to decrease; to cut; to diminish
    Antonym: 益 (yì)
* to harm; to cause destruction to; to damage
* to lose; to forfeit
    損失／损失 ― sǔnshī ― to lose
* loss; decrease; reduction
    From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Mǎn zhāo sǔn, qiān shòu yì. [Pinyin]
    Pride brings loss, and humility receives increase.
* (colloquial) to make sarcastic remarks; to act meanly; to mock
* (colloquial, chiefly of remarks) acrimonious; caustic; biting; mean (Can we add an example for this sense?) (especially Min Nan)
* (Cantonese) to be injured, in the form of an abrasion

#### Synonyms

* (to reduce):
* 削 (literary, or in compounds)
* 削減／削减 (xuējiǎn)
* 壓縮／压缩 (yāsuō)
* 撤 (chè)
* 收縮／收缩 (shōusuō)
* 消減／消减 (xiāojiǎn)
* 減低／减低 (jiǎndī)
* 減削／减削 (jiǎnxuè)
* 減少／减少 (jiǎnshǎo)
* 減損／减损 (jiǎnsǔn)
* 減輕／减轻 (jiǎnqīng)
* 省卻／省却 (shěngquè)
* 砍 (kǎn)
* 緊縮／紧缩 (jǐnsuō)
* 縮減／缩减 (suōjiǎn)
* 耗
* 裁 (cái)
* 裁汰 (cáitài) (literary)
* 裁減／裁减 (cáijiǎn)
* 鐫汰／镌汰 (juāntài) (literary)
* 降低 (jiàngdī)
* (to harm):
* 傷害／伤害 (shānghài)
* 危及 (wēijí)
* 危害 (wēihài)
* 妨害 (fánghài)
* 戕害 (qiānghài) (literary)
* 戕賊／戕贼 (literary)
* 損傷／损伤 (sǔnshāng)
* 損害／损害 (sǔnhài)
* 暴害 (bàohài) (literary)
* 有傷／有伤 (yǒushāng) (chiefly used in derived terms)
* 禍／祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
* 禍害／祸害 (huòhài)
* (to lose):
* 喪失／丧失 (sàngshī)
* 失掉 (shīdiào)
* 損失／损失 (sǔnshī)
* 淪亡／沦亡 (lúnwáng)
* 滅絕／灭绝 (mièjué)
* 虧／亏 (kuī)
* (to make sarcastic remarks):
* 作弄 (zuònòng)
* 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
* 刺 (literary, or in compounds)
* 刺溪 (chié-*kă̤) (Eastern Min)
* 創弄／创弄 (Hokkien)
* 創景／创景 (Hokkien)
* 創治／创治 (chhòng-tī) (Hokkien)
* 剾損／𠛅损 (Hokkien)
* 剾洗／𠛅洗 (khau-sé) (Hokkien)
* 剾洗／𠛅洗 (Hokkien)
* 剾褻／𠛅亵 (Hokkien)
* 𠢕滾／𠢕滚 (Hokkien)
* 取樂／取乐 (qǔlè)
* 取笑 (qǔxiào)
* 呾笑話／呾笑话 (dan$^3$ cio$^3$ uê$^7$) (Teochew)
* 呾耍笑 (Teochew)
* 嗤笑 (chīxiào)
* 嘲弄 (cháonòng)
* 嘲笑 (cháoxiào)
* 嘲訕／嘲讪 (cháoshàn)
* 嘲諷／嘲讽 (cháofěng)
* 嘲謔／嘲谑 (cháoxuè)
* 奚落 (xīluò)
* 尋開心／寻开心 (Wu)
* 巴銳／巴锐 (Hokkien)
* 恥笑／耻笑 (chǐxiào)
* 戲弄／戏弄 (xìnòng)
* 戲謔／戏谑 (xìxuè)
* 挖苦 (wākǔ)
* 捉弄 (zhuōnòng)
* 撩 (Hakka)
* 撚化 (nan$^2$ faa$^3$) (Cantonese)
* 撮弄 (cuōnòng) (literary)
* 擺弄／摆弄
* 消遣 (xiāoqiǎn)
* 湊趣／凑趣 (còuqù)
* 𤊶人 (Hakka)
* 玩 (colloquial)
* 玩弄
* 笑 (xiào)
* 笑話／笑话 (xiàohuà)
* 耍 (shuǎ)
* 耍弄 (shuǎnòng)
* 耍忽 (sua$^2$ huah$^4$) (Jin)
* 落八 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 見笑／见笑 (jiànxiào)
* 訕笑／讪笑 (shànxiào)
* 詼謔／诙谑 (huīxuè)
* 說風涼話／说风凉话 (shuō fēngliánghuà)
* 調笑／调笑 (tiáoxiào)
* 諦／谛 (dai$^3$) (Cantonese)
* 諷刺／讽刺 (fěngcì)
* 謔潲／谑潲 (Hokkien)
* 謔燒／谑烧 (Hokkien)
* 講笑／讲笑 (Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien)
* 講耍笑／讲耍笑 (Hokkien)
* 譏刺／讥刺 (jīcì)
* 譏嘲／讥嘲 (jīcháo)
* 譏笑／讥笑 (jīxiào)
* 譏誚／讥诮 (jīqiào) (literary)
* 譏諷／讥讽 (jīfěng)
* 變弄／变弄 (Hokkien)
* 𧮙 (Wu)
* 起鬨／起哄 (qǐhòng)
* 輕體／轻体 (Hokkien)
* 逗 (dòu)
* 逗弄
* 鄙笑 (Hokkien)
* 酸笑 (Hokkien)
* 鈍／钝 (Wu)
* 開心／开心 (kāixīn)
* 開涮／开涮 (kāishuàn) (colloquial)
* 開玩笑／开玩笑 (kāi wánxiào)
* 鬧玩笑／闹玩笑 (nào wánxiào)
* (acrimonious):
* 刻薄 (kèbó)
* 尖刻 (jiānkè) (chiefly of remarks)
* 尖酸 (jiānsuān) (chiefly of remarks)
* 苛刻 (kēkè) (demanding)

### Compounds

* 七損八傷／七损八伤
* 佞徒損友／佞徒损友
* 傷損／伤损
* 分毫無損／分毫无损
* 受損／受损 (shòusǔn)
* 增損／增损
* 役損／役损
* 悶損／闷损
* 抑損／抑损
* 折損／折损
* 拍損／拍损 (phah-sńg) (Min Nan)
* 損上益下／损上益下
* 損事／损事
* 損人／损人
* 損人利己／损人利己 (sǔnrénlìjǐ)
* 損人安己／损人安己
* 損人益己／损人益己
* 損人肥己／损人肥己
* 損傷／损伤 (sǔnshāng)
* 損兵折將／损兵折将 (sǔnbīngzhéjiàng)
* 損到家／损到家
* 損友／损友 (sǔnyǒu)
* 損壞／损坏 (sǔnhuài)
* 損壽／损寿
* 損失／损失 (sǔnshī)
* 損害／损害 (sǔnhài)
* 損害賠償／损害赔偿
* 損將折兵／损将折兵
* 損己利物／损己利物
* 損年／损年
* 損德／损德
* 損折／损折 (sǔnzhé)
* 損挹／损挹
* 損書／损书
* 損本逐末／损本逐末
* 損毀／损毁 (sǔnhuǐ)
* 損燬／损毁
* 損益／损益 (sǔnyì)
* 損者三友／损者三友
* 損者三樂／损者三乐
* 損耗／损耗 (sǔnhào)
* 損蝕／损蚀
* 損軍折將／损军折将
* 損陰壞德／损阴坏德
* 損陰騭／损阴骘
* 敗損／败损
* 斟酌損益／斟酌损益
* 有增無損／有增无损
* 有形損耗／有形损耗
* 有損無益／有损无益
* 欲益反損／欲益反损
* 毀損／毁损 (huǐsǔn)
* 毀損罪／毁损罪
* 毫髮無損／毫发无损
* 求益反損／求益反损
* 汙損／污损 (wūsǔn)
* 海損／海损
* 減損／减损 (jiǎnsǔn)
* 火災損失／火灾损失
* 無損／无损 (wúsǔn)
* 瘦損／瘦损
* 益上損下／益上损下
* 破損／破损 (pòsǔn)
* 磨損／磨损 (mósǔn)
* 純損／纯损
* 繁華損枝／繁华损枝
* 罨損／罨损
* 耗損／耗损 (hàosǔn)
* 虧損／亏损 (kuīsǔn)
* 蝕損／蚀损
* 裁損／裁损
* 貶損／贬损 (biǎnsǔn)
* 費日損功／费日损功
* 跌打損傷／跌打损伤 (diēdǎsǔnshāng)
* 香消玉損／香消玉损

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* harm

#### Readings

* Go-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
* Kun: そこなう (sokonau, 損なう, Jōyō)、そこなう (sokonau, 損う)、そこねる (sokoneru, 損ねる, Jōyō)、へる (heru, 損る)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 損
* そん Grade: 5
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 損 (MC swonX).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そん [sóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sõ̞ɴ]

### Noun

損(そん) • (son)
* loss (opposite of gain)
    損(そん)を抱(かか)える
       son o kakaeru
       to sustain a loss

#### Antonyms

* 得(とく) (toku, “gain”)

#### Derived terms

* 損(そん)する (sonsuru)
* 損(そん)ずる (sonzuru)
* 損(そん)じる (sonjiru)

### Affix

損(そん) • (son)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Derived terms

* 損(そん)失(しつ) (sonshitsu, “loss”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

損 (eum 손 (son))
* diminish
* impair
* injure

## Vietnamese
### Han character

損: Hán Nôm readings: tốn, tổn, tủn, vin, tỏn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.