# 相似
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiāngsì
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤ ㄙˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^1$ ci$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siong-sǐr / siong-sū / siang-sū
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siang$^1$ se$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāngsì
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤ ㄙˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siangsìh
*** Wade–Giles: hsiang$^1$-ssŭ$^4$
*** Yale: syāng-sz̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiangsyh
*** Palladius: сянсы (sjansy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^1$ ci$^5$
*** Yale: sēung chíh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^1$ tsi$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^1$ qi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siong-sǐr
*** Tâi-lô: siong-sǐr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ³³ sɯ²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siong-sū
*** Tâi-lô: siong-sū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siongsu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siang-sū
*** Tâi-lô: siang-sū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siangsu
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siang$^1$ se$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siang sṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /siaŋ³³⁻²³ sɯ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: sjang ziX
Rime :
| Character | 相 | 似 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 息良切 | 詳里切 |
| Baxter | sjang | ziX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨɐŋ/ | /zɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɐŋ/ | /zɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siɑŋ/ | /zie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɨaŋ/ | /zɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /siaŋ/ | /ziə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭaŋ/ | /zĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /si̯aŋ/ | /zi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiāng | sì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | soeng$^1$ | zi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]aŋ sə.ləʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*slaŋ ljɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 相 | 似 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiāng | sì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjang › | ‹ zi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]aŋ/ | /*sə.ləʔ/ |
| English | mutually | resemble |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 相 | 似 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13579 | 14925 |
| Phonetic component | 相 | 以 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 襄 | 似 |
| Old Chinese | /*slaŋ/ | /*ljɯʔ/ |
| Notes | | 說文做佀金文從臺 |

### Adjective

相似
* similar; alike
* (geometry, of two shapes) similar

#### Synonyms

* (similar): 相近 (xiāngjìn)

### Verb

相似
* to be similar; to be alike
* (geometry, of two shapes) to be similar

#### Synonyms

* 好像 (hǎoxiàng)
* 嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
* 接近 (jiējìn)
* 相仿 (xiāngfǎng)
* 相像 (xiāngxiàng)
* 相若 (xiāngruò)
* 相近 (xiāngjìn)
* 相類／相类 (xiānglèi)
* 近似 (jìnsì)
* 逼肖 (bīxiào) (literary, to bear a close resemblance to)
* 隨／随 (suí) (Northern Mandarin, of a parent in appearance or disposition)
* 類似／类似 (lèisì)

### Derived terms

* 相似三角形
* 相似多邊形／相似多边形 (xiāngsì duōbiānxíng)
* 相似度 (xiāngsìdù)
* 相似形 (xiāngsìxíng)
* 相似性 (xiāngsìxìng)
* 相似相溶 (xiāngsì-xiāngróng)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 相(そう)似(じ) (sōji)
* → Korean: 상사(相似) (sangsa)
* → Vietnamese: tương tự (相似)

### See also

* 全等 (quánděng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 相 | 似 |
| そう Grade: 3 | じ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そーじ [sòójí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [so̞ːʑi]

### Noun

相(そう)似(じ) • (sōji)
* resemblance, similarity

### Verb

相(そう)似(じ)する • (sōji suru) suru (stem 相(そう)似(じ)し (sōji shi), past 相(そう)似(じ)した (sōji shita))
* resemble

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 相似し | そうじし | sōji shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 相似し | そうじし | sōji shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 相似する | そうじする | sōji suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 相似する | そうじする | sōji suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 相似すれ | そうじすれ | sōji sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 相似せよ¹ 相似しろ² | そうじせよ¹ そうじしろ² | sōji seyo¹ sōji shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 相似される | そうじされる | sōji sareru |
| Causative | 相似させる 相似さす | そうじさせる そうじさす | sōji saseru sōji sasu |
| Potential | 相似できる | そうじできる | sōji dekiru |
| Volitional | 相似しよう | そうじしよう | sōji shiyō |
| Negative | 相似しない | そうじしない | sōji shinai |
| Negative continuative | 相似せず | そうじせず | sōji sezu |
| Formal | 相似します | そうじします | sōji shimasu |
| Perfective | 相似した | そうじした | sōji shita |
| Conjunctive | 相似して | そうじして | sōji shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 相似すれば | そうじすれば | sōji sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 相 | 似 |

### Noun

相似 • (sangsa) (hangeul 상사)
* hanja form of 상사

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 相 | 似 |

### Adjective

相似
* chữ Hán form of tương tự.