# 行軍
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xíngjūn
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄩㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haang$^4$ gwan$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hêng-kun
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xíngjūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄩㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: síngjyun
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^2$-chün$^1$
*** Yale: syíng-jyūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngjiun
*** Palladius: синцзюнь (sinczjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haang$^4$ gwan$^1$
*** Yale: hàahng gwān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haang$^4$ gwan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hang$^4$ guen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːŋ²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-kun
*** Tâi-lô: hîng-kun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hengkwn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kun³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² kun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: haeng kjun
Rime :
| Character | 行 | 軍 |
| Reading # | 2/4 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 戸庚切 | 舉云切 |
| Baxter | haeng | kjun |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠæŋ/ | /kɨun/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚaŋ/ | /kiun/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣaŋ/ | /kiuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨjŋ/ | /kun/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɐŋ/ | /kiuən/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɐŋ/ | /kĭuən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣɐŋ/ | /ki̯uən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | héng | jūn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hang$^4$ | gwan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤraŋ [k]ʷər/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːŋ kun/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 行 | 軍 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xíng | jūn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hæng › | ‹ kjun › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.[ɡ]ˁraŋ/ | /*[k]ʷər/ |
| English | walk (v.) | army; camp |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 行 | 軍 |
| Reading # | 3/4 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13867 | 7333 |
| Phonetic component | 行 | 軍 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 行 | 君 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡraːŋ/ | /*kun/ |

### Verb

行軍
* to march (to walk with long, regular strides, as a soldier does)
* (literary) to make use of troops; to resort to arms
    From: The Art of War, circa 5th century BCE, translated based on Lionel Giles's version
    Bùzhī shānlín, xiǎnzǔ, jùzé zhī xíng zhě, bùnéng xíngjūn. [Pinyin]
    We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country - its mountains and forests, its pitfalls and precipices, its marshes and swamps.

#### Synonyms

* (to make use of troops): 用兵 (yòngbīng)

#### Derived terms

* 夜行軍／夜行军
* 常行軍／常行军 (chángxíngjūn)
* 強行軍／强行军 (qiángxíngjūn)
* 急行軍／急行军 (jíxíngjūn)
* 行軍動眾／行军动众
* 行軍床／行军床
* 行軍教授／行军教授 (xíngjūn jiàoshòu)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 行軍(こうぐん) (kōgun)
* → Korean: 행군(行軍) (haenggun)
* → Vietnamese: hành quân (行軍)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 行 | 軍 |
| こう Grade: 2 | ぐん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーぐん [kòógúń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞ːɡɯ̟̃ɴ]

### Noun

行(こう)軍(ぐん) • (kōgun)
* march (formal, rhythmic way of walking)

### Verb

行(こう)軍(ぐん)する • (kōgun suru) intransitive suru (stem 行(こう)軍(ぐん)し (kōgun shi), past 行(こう)軍(ぐん)した (kōgun shita))
* for an army to march

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 行軍し | こうぐんし | kōgun shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 行軍し | こうぐんし | kōgun shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 行軍する | こうぐんする | kōgun suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 行軍する | こうぐんする | kōgun suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 行軍すれ | こうぐんすれ | kōgun sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 行軍せよ¹ 行軍しろ² | こうぐんせよ¹ こうぐんしろ² | kōgun seyo¹ kōgun shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 行軍される | こうぐんされる | kōgun sareru |
| Causative | 行軍させる 行軍さす | こうぐんさせる こうぐんさす | kōgun saseru kōgun sasu |
| Potential | 行軍できる | こうぐんできる | kōgun dekiru |
| Volitional | 行軍しよう | こうぐんしよう | kōgun shiyō |
| Negative | 行軍しない | こうぐんしない | kōgun shinai |
| Negative continuative | 行軍せず | こうぐんせず | kōgun sezu |
| Formal | 行軍します | こうぐんします | kōgun shimasu |
| Perfective | 行軍した | こうぐんした | kōgun shita |
| Conjunctive | 行軍して | こうぐんして | kōgun shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 行軍すれば | こうぐんすれば | kōgun sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 行 | 軍 |

### Noun

行軍 • (haenggun) (hangeul 행군)
* hanja form of 행군

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 行 | 軍 |

### Verb

行軍
* chữ Hán form of hành quân (“to march; to operate”).