# 把握
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǎwò
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄚˇ ㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baa$^2$ ak$^1$ / baa$^2$ aak$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pá-vok
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pá-ak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ba$^2$ og$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǎwò
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄚˇ ㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǎwò
*** Wade–Giles: pa$^3$-wo$^4$
*** Yale: bǎ-wò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baawoh
*** Palladius: баво (bavo)
*** Sinological IPA : /pä²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baa$^2$ ak$^1$ / baa$^2$ aak$^1$
*** Yale: bá āk / bá āak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baa$^2$ ak$^7$ / baa$^2$ aak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ba$^2$ eg$^1$ / ba$^2$ ag$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /paː³⁵ ɐk̚⁵/, /paː³⁵ aːk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pá-vok
*** Hakka Romanization System: ba$^ˋ$ vog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ba$^3$ vog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /pa³¹ vok̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pá-ak
*** Tâi-lô: pá-ak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pafag
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /pa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
*** IPA (Singapore): /pa⁴²⁻²⁴ ak̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pa⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ak̚⁵/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pa⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ba$^2$ og$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pá ok
*** Sinological IPA : /pa⁵²⁻³⁵ ok̚²/

### Verb

把握
* to grasp; to control; to seize
* to have a firm hold on a situation; to be sure of something
* to grasp; to know well
* (archaic) to grasp with one's hands; to hold
* (archaic) to join hands
* (archaic) to shake hands

#### Synonyms

* (to know well):
* 了解 (liǎojiě)
* 佔有／占有 (zhànyǒu)
* 分曉／分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
* 參悟／参悟 (cānwù)
* 悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 懂 (dǒng)
* 懂得 (dǒngde)
* 打生 (Wenzhounese)
* 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
* 明 (ming$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 明白
* 明瞭／明了 (míngliǎo)
* 曉得／晓得 (xiǎode)
* 會悟／会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
* 洞悉 (dòngxī)
* 清亮 (mainland China)
* 清楚
* 熟似 (Hokkien)
* 熟悉 (shúxī)
* 熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
* 熟識／熟识 (shúshí)
* 理會／理会 (lǐhuì)
* 理解 (lǐjiě)
* 瞭悟／了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
* 知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
* 知曉／知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
* 知識／知识 (zhīshí) (literary)
* 知道
* 覺／觉
* 覺悟／觉悟 (juéwù)
* 覺醒／觉醒 (juéxǐng)
* 認識／认识
* 諳曉／谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
* 諳達／谙达 (āndá) (literary)
* 貫通／贯通 (guàntōng)
* 通曉／通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
* 通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
* 通達／通达 (tōngdá)
* 達／达 (literary, or in compounds)
* 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
* 開悟／开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
* 領悟／领悟 (lǐngwù)
* 領會／领会 (lǐnghuì)
* 領略／领略 (lǐnglüè)

### Noun

把握
* assurance; certainty

#### Synonyms

* (Cantonese) 揸拿
* 信心 (xìnxīn)
* 底氣／底气 (dǐqì)
* 自信 (zìxìn)
* 自信心 (zìxìnxīn)
* 譜／谱 (pǔ)

#### Derived terms

* 有把握 (yǒu bǎwò)
* 無把握／无把握

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 把 | 握 |
| は Grade: S | あく Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はあく [hàákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠ːkɯ̟]

### Noun

把(は)握(あく) • (haaku)
* control
* grasp (understanding)

### Verb

把(は)握(あく)する • (haaku suru) suru (stem 把(は)握(あく)し (haaku shi), past 把(は)握(あく)した (haaku shita))
* to have under control
* to grasp (to understand)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 把握し | はあくし | haaku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 把握し | はあくし | haaku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 把握する | はあくする | haaku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 把握する | はあくする | haaku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 把握すれ | はあくすれ | haaku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 把握せよ¹ 把握しろ² | はあくせよ¹ はあくしろ² | haaku seyo¹ haaku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 把握される | はあくされる | haaku sareru |
| Causative | 把握させる 把握さす | はあくさせる はあくさす | haaku saseru haaku sasu |
| Potential | 把握できる | はあくできる | haaku dekiru |
| Volitional | 把握しよう | はあくしよう | haaku shiyō |
| Negative | 把握しない | はあくしない | haaku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 把握せず | はあくせず | haaku sezu |
| Formal | 把握します | はあくします | haaku shimasu |
| Perfective | 把握した | はあくした | haaku shita |
| Conjunctive | 把握して | はあくして | haaku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 把握すれば | はあくすれば | haaku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 把 | 握 |

### Noun

把握 • (paak) (hangeul 파악)
* hanja form of 파악 (“to understand or grasp thoroughly”)