# 就

| 就 | U+5C31, &#23601; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C31 |
| ← 尰 [U+5C30] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 尲 → [U+5C32] |

## Translingual
### Han character

就 (Kangxi radical 43, 尢+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜火戈大山 (YFIKU), four-corner 0391$_4$, composition ⿰京尤)

#### Derived characters

* 僦 憱 噈 㩆 殧 蹴 𤎼 蹵 鷲(鹫) 㠇

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 299, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7599
* Dae Jaweon: page 594, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 555, character 11
* Unihan data for U+5C31

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 就 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Bronze inscriptionsb08325b08326b08327b08328b08329b08330b08331Small seal scripts03836File:ACC-s03837.svgs03837Transcribed ancient scriptsFile:ACC-L37227.svgL37227File:ACC-L37228.svgL37228File:ACC-L37229.svgL37229File:ACC-L37230.svgL37230File:ACC-L37231.svgL37231File:ACC-L37232.svgL37232File:ACC-L37233.svgL37233File:ACC-L37234.svgL37234File:ACC-L37235.svgL37235File:ACC-L37236.svgL37236File:ACC-L37237.svgL37237File:ACC-L24588.svgL24588File:ACC-L24589.svgL24589File:ACC-L24590.svgL24590File:ACC-L24591.svgL24591File:ACC-L24592.svgL24592File:ACC-L24593.svgL24593File:ACC-L24594.svgL24594File:ACC-L24595.svgL24595File:ACC-L24596.svgL24596File:ACC-L24597.svgL24597File:ACC-L24598.svgL24598File:ACC-L24599.svgL24599 |||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). |||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 僦 | *ʔsuɡs |
| 就 | *zuɡs |
| 鷲 | *zuɡs |
| 殧 | *zuɡs, *ʔsuɡ, *sʰuɡ |
| 噈 | *ʔsuɡ |
| 蹴 | *ʔsuɡ, *sʰuɡ |
Originally 𫢁, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 享 + 京, a temple and a tower – meaning "to sacrifice at a high place". During the Warring States period, 享 was omitted. In seal script, 尤 (“especially; even more”) is added to the right, signifying "high; to go to a higher place".

### Etymology 1

Cognate with 造 (OC *skʰuːɡs, “to proceed to”) (Wang, 1982).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiù (jiu$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiu$^4$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jiù
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): ziù
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зу (zu, III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zau$^6$ / a$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qiu$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhiu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): qiu$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jiou$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cêu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiū
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziu$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$zhieu / $^6$jieu / $^6$ziu / $^6$zieu / $^2$zeu / $^2$jieu / $^6$zeu / $^6$ze
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiù
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiòu
*** Wade–Giles: chiu$^4$
*** Yale: jyòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiow
*** Palladius: цзю (czju)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jiu$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiəu²¹³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: jiù
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiɤu⁵³/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: ziù
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): ziu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siəɯ³¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зу (zu, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sou⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zau$^6$ / a$^6$
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzau$^6$ / a$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐu̯²²/, /ɐ²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qiu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiu¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiu
*** Hakka Romanization System: qiu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qiu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯u⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: qiu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiu⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jiou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəu⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cêu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siɛu²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiū
*** Tâi-lô: tsiū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siu²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siu²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siu³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siu³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziu$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siu³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Shaoxing)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zhieu
*** MiniDict: zhieu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$xxieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑiɤ²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ʑiɤ¹¹/
** (Northern: Shanghai, Jiaxing, Haining, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^6$jieu
*** MiniDict: jieu$^去$
*** MiniDict: jiu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$jjieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑiɤ²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /d͡ʑiəu¹¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (Haining): /d͡ʑiɤɯ¹¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡ʑiø¹¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /d͡ʑiɤ¹¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /d͡ʑiʏ¹¹³/
** (Northern: Jiading)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ziu
*** MiniDict: ziu$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Jiading): /zy¹³/
** (Northern: Songjiang)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zieu
*** Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ziɯ¹³/
** (Northern: Chongming)
*** Wugniu: $^2$zeu
*** MiniDict: zeu$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /szɵ²⁴/
** (Northern: Chongming)
*** Wugniu: $^2$jieu
*** MiniDict: jieu$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /d͡ʑiɵ²⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou, Tongxiang, Haining)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zeu
*** MiniDict: zeu$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zøy²³¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /zəɯ¹¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (Haining): /zɤɯ¹¹³/
** (Northern: Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ze
*** MiniDict: ze$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ze¹¹³/
* $^6$jieu (Shanghai) - Often considered a "New period" reading, more common in speakers experiencing the /ʑ/ > /dʑ/ shift;
* $^6$jieu (Jiaxing, Haining) - literary reading;
* $^2$jieu (Chongming) - literary reading.
* Middle Chinese: dzjuwH
Rime :
| Character | 就 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 疾僦切 |
| Baxter | dzjuwH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zɨu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ziu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ziəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zuw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ziu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭəu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi̯ə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]u[k]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zuɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 就 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzjuw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]u[k]-s/ |
| English | go to |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 就 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6994 |
| Phonetic component | 就 |
| Rime group | 奧 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 就 |
| Old Chinese | /*zuɡs/ |
| Notes | 秦簡漢帛右皆從又， 下加點劃，此表京已築就。決非尤聲 |

#### Definitions

就
* to approach; to move towards
* to reach; to arrive at
* to undertake; to engage in
    就業／就业 ― jiùyè ― to get a job; employment
* to succeed; to complete
* to comply; to follow; to accept
* to suffer; to be subjected to
* (of food) to go with
* with regard to; concerning
* even if; even though
* at once; right away
    我馬上就來。／我马上就来。 ― Wǒ mǎshàng jiù lái. ― I'll come right away.
* (Cantonese) almost; soon
* (used for emphasis) exactly; precisely; just
    這就對了！／这就对了！ ― Zhè jiù duì le! ― That's just it!
       Tā jiù zhù zài jiē duìmiàn. [Pinyin]
       He lives just across the street.
* only; merely; just
       Wǒ jiù rènshí yī ge zhōngguó rén. [Pinyin]
       I only know one Chinese person.
       Fángjiān lǐ jiù yī zhāng chuáng, yī zhāng zhuōzǐ. [Pinyin]
       There's only one bed and one table in the room.
       Wǒ gōngzī jiù wǔ qiān kuài, tā mǎi jiàn yīfú jiù yī wàn kuài. Rén hé rén de chājù zhēn shì tài dà le. [Pinyin]
       My salary is only five thousand yuan, and he buys clothes that are as much as ten thousand yuan. The disparity between people truly is too large.
    Synonym: 只
* then
       Wǒ zuòwán jiù huì gàosù nǐ. [Pinyin]
       I will tell you when I have finished.
       Méiyǒu gòngchǎndǎng jiù méiyǒu xīn zhōngguó. [Pinyin]
       [If] there were no Communist Party, [then] there would be no new China
* (used to express earliness) as early as; as soon as
       Wǒ yīdàzǎo jiù qǐchuáng. [Pinyin]
       I'm up with the sun.
* as many as; as much as
* Used between two identical words to express indifference or resignation.
       Qù jiù qù, fǎnzhèng zài jiā yě méi shì. [Pinyin]
       If you want to go, then go. Besides, there's nothing happening at home.
* Alternative form of 鷲／鹫 (jiù)

##### Synonyms

* (to approach):
* 接近 (jiējìn)
* 搭近 (Hokkien)
* 攝／摄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 湊近／凑近 (còujìn)
* 貼近／贴近 (tiējìn)
* 迫臨／迫临 (pòlín)
* 迫近 (pòjìn)
* 逼倚 (Hokkien)
* 逼近 (bījìn)
* (to reach):
* 來到／来到 (láidào)
* 來臨／来临 (láilín)
* 到來／到来 (dàolái)
* 到達／到达 (dàodá)
* 抵達／抵达 (dǐdá)
* 至 (formal, or in compounds)
* 達／达 (literary, or in compounds)
* 降臨／降临 (jiànglín)
* (to undertake): 從事／从事 (cóngshì)
* (to comply):
* 依從／依从 (yīcóng)
* 服
* 服從／服从 (fúcóng)
* 歸附／归附 (guīfù)
* 聽從／听从 (tīngcóng)
* 聽話／听话 (tīnghuà)
* 訓／训 (xùn) (literary)
* 賓服／宾服 (bīnfú) (literary)
* 隨／随 (suí)
* 順／顺 (shùn)
* 順從／顺从 (shùncóng)
* 順趁／顺趁 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* (to go with): 搭配 (dāpèi)
* (with regard to):
* 對於／对于 (duìyú)
* 至於／至于 (zhìyú)
* 說到／说到 (shuōdào)
* 關於／关于 (guānyú)
* (even if):
* even (Hong Kong Cantonese)
* 不怕 (bùpà)
* 任憑／任凭 (rènpíng)
* 作哩 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 作算 (zo$^6$ sonn$^4$) (Xiang)
* 儘管／尽管
* 即令 (jílìng)
* 即使 (jíshǐ)
* 即便 (jíbiàn)
* 哪怕 (nǎpà) (informal)
* 就使 (Hokkien)
* 就算 (jiùsuàn) (colloquial)
* 就若 (Hokkien)
* 就若是 (Hokkien)
* 怕不 (pàbù) (literary or dialectal)
* 縱／纵 (formal)
* 縱使／纵使 (zòngshǐ)
* 縱然／纵然 (zòngrán)
* 設令／设令 (shèlìng)
* 饒／饶 (ráo) (colloquial)
* (to complete):
* 做好 (zuòhǎo)
* 做完 (zuòwán)
* 做成 (zuòchéng)
* 完成 (wánchéng)

#### Compounds

* 一就
* 一就手兒／一就手儿
* 一揮而就／一挥而就 (yīhuī'érjiù)
* 一蹴而就 (yīcù'érjiù)
* 不堪造就
* 不就 (bùjiù)
* 不明就裡／不明就里 (bùmíngjiùlǐ)
* 不知就裡／不知就里 (bùzhījiùlǐ)
* 便就
* 俯就 (fǔjiù)
* 倒頭就睡／倒头就睡
* 俯首就縛／俯首就缚
* 偎乾就濕／偎干就湿
* 充分就業／充分就业
* 刪繁就簡／删繁就简
* 刪蕪就簡／删芜就简
* 削足就履
* 功就名成
* 功成名就 (gōngchéngmíngjiù)
* 半推半就 (bàntuībànjiù)
* 去危就安
* 去就
* 去就之分
* 去本就末
* 可就
* 因陋就簡／因陋就简
* 圓就／圆就
* 完全就業／完全就业 (wánquán jiùyè)
* 家成業就／家成业就 (jiāchéngyèjiù)
* 將就／将就 (jiāngjiù)
* 將機就機／将机就机
* 將機就計／将机就计
* 將計就計／将计就计 (jiāng jì jiù jì)
* 將錯就錯／将错就错 (jiāngcuòjiùcuò)
* 就世
* 就中 (jiùzhōng)
* 就事 (jiùshì)
* 就事論事／就事论事 (jiùshìlùnshì)
* 就令
* 就任 (jiùrèn)
* 就位 (jiùwèi)
* 就使
* 就便
* 就勢／就势 (jiùshì)
* 就和
* 就地 (jiùdì)
* 就地取材
* 就地正法
* 就坐 (jiùzuò)
* 就學／就学 (jiùxué)
* 就寢／就寝 (jiùqǐn)
* 就就的
* 就座 (jiùzuò)
* 就得
* 就戮
* 就手 (jiùshǒu)
* 就擒 (jiùqín)
* 就教
* 就日瞻雲／就日瞻云
* 就是 (jiùshì)
* 就木 (jiùmù)
* 就枕
* 就棍打腿
* 就業／就业 (jiùyè)
* 就業市場／就业市场
* 就業服務／就业服务
* 就業輔導／就业辅导
* 就正 (jiùzhèng)
* 就此 (jiùcǐ)
* 就此打住
* 就此罷手／就此罢手
* 就湯下麵／就汤下面
* 就禮／就礼
* 就算 (jiùsuàn)
* 就範／就范 (jiùfàn)
* 就緒／就绪 (jiùxù)
* 就義／就义 (jiùyì)
* 就職／就职 (jiùzhí)
* 就虛避實／就虚避实
* 就衰 (jiùshuāi)
* 就裡／就里 (jiùlǐ)
* 就裡人／就里人
* 就要
* 就親／就亲
* 就診／就诊 (jiùzhěn)
* 就讀／就读 (jiùdú)
* 就近 (jiùjìn)
* 就逮
* 就道
* 就醫／就医 (jiùyī)
* 就食 (jiùshí)
* 就養／就养
* 就餐 (jiùcān)
* 就館／就馆
* 屈就 (qūjiù)
* 引頸就戮／引颈就戮
* 從俗就簡／从俗就简
* 從容就義／从容就义
* 急就 (jíjiù)
* 急就篇
* 急就章 (jíjiùzhāng)
* 成就 (chéngjiù)
* 成就感 (chéngjiùgǎn)
* 成就測驗／成就测验
* 打就
* 拔腿就跑
* 按部就班 (ànbùjiùbān)
* 捨安就危／舍安就危
* 推就
* 捨己就人／舍己就人
* 援筆立就／援笔立就
* 援筆而就／援笔而就
* 撋就／𰓷就
* 擬就／拟就
* 日就月將／日就月将
* 早就 (zǎojiù)
* 明知就裡／明知就里 (míngzhījiùlǐ)
* 晚就
* 未就
* 束手就擒 (shùshǒujiùqín)
* 束手就縛／束手就缚
* 束身就縛／束身就缚
* 棄大就小／弃大就小
* 棄文就武／弃文就武
* 欲就還推／欲就还推
* 歸就／归就
* 死就
* 沒去就／没去就
* 煨乾就濕／煨干就湿
* 牽就／牵就 (qiānjiù)
* 甄煩就簡／甄烦就简
* 生就 (shēngjiù)
* 移東就西／移东就西
* 移樽就教
* 管就
* 練就／练就 (liànjiù)
* 羽翮已就
* 脫網就淵／脱网就渊
* 芟繁就簡／芟繁就简
* 行將就木／行将就木 (xíngjiāngjiùmù)
* 見好就收／见好就收 (jiàn hǎo jiù shōu)
* 見縫就鑽／见缝就钻
* 說做就做／说做就做
* 造就 (zàojiù)
* 透風就過／透风就过
* 違害就利／违害就利
* 遷就／迁就 (qiānjiù)
* 避凶就吉
* 避實就虛／避实就虚
* 避就
* 避禍就福／避祸就福
* 避重就輕／避重就轻 (bìzhòngjiùqīng)
* 避難就易／避难就易
* 那就
* 鑽頭就鎖／钻头就锁
* 陳力就列／陈力就列
* 隨方就圓／随方就圆
* 隨行就市／随行就市
* 隨高就低／随高就低
* 非理就終／非理就终
* 駕輕就熟／驾轻就熟 (jiàqīngjiùshú)
* 高就 (gāojiù)

#### See also

* 只是 (zhǐshì)
* 單單／单单 (dāndān)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tio̍h / to̍h / lo̍h / tō / tiō
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Philippines, Singapore, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tio̍h
*** Tâi-lô: tio̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dioih
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Penang): /tioʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tioʔ¹²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɤʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /tioʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Singapore): /tioʔ⁴³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to̍h
*** Tâi-lô: to̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doih
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /toʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /toʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /toʔ¹²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤʔ⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍h
*** Tâi-lô: lo̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: loih
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /loʔ¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō
*** Tâi-lô: tō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doi
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /to³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiō
*** Tâi-lô: tiō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dioi
*** IPA (Taipei): /tio³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɤ³³/

#### Definitions

就
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 著 (“to need to; exactly; already; even; as soon as”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* concerning
* take position

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅ (ju, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)
* Kun: つく (tsuku, 就く, Jōyō)、つける (tsukeru, 就ける, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 就(しゅう)塒(じ) (shūji, “roosting”)

## Korean
### Hanja

就 • (chwi) (hangeul 취)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

就: Hán Nôm readings: tựu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.