# 啄

| 啄 | U+5544, &#21828; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5544 |
| ← 啃 [U+5543] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 啅 → [U+5545] |

## Translingual
### Han character

啄 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8 in Chinese, 口+7 in Japanese, 11 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 口一尸人 (RMSO), four-corner 6103$_2$, composition ⿰口豖)

#### Derived characters

* 𪳓

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 194, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3801
* Dae Jaweon: page 415, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 639, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5544

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 冢 | *toŋʔ |
| 塚 | *toŋʔ |
| 涿 | *rtoːɡ |
| 琢 | *rtoːɡ |
| 啄 | *rtoːɡ, *toːɡ |
| 諑 | *rtoːɡ |
| 剢 | *toːɡ |
| 瘃 | *toɡ |
| 豖 | *tʰoɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtoːɡ, *toːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ)

### Etymology 1

Perhaps related to 觸 (OC *tʰjoɡ, “to butt, knock against”); see there for more (STEDT).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhuó (zhuo$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄛˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zua$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): doek$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tuk
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tok / teh / terh
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tsoq; $^8$zoq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuó
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuó
*** Wade–Giles: cho$^2$
*** Yale: jwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo
*** Palladius: чжо (čžo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zua$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zua
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sua²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: doek$^3$
*** Yale: deuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: doek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tœːk̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: dug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /tuk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tok
*** Tâi-lô: tok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Yilan, Magong)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: teh
*** Tâi-lô: teh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: deq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /teʔ³²/
*** IPA (Yilan): /teʔ²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Kinmen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: terh
*** Tâi-lô: terh
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /təʔ⁵/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /təʔ³²/
* tok - literary (“to peck; with a sharp nose”);
* teh/terh - vernacular (may not be etymologically related).
* Middle Chinese: tuwk, traewk
Rime :
| Character | 啄 | 啄 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) | 覺 (10) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 丁木切 | 竹角切 |
| Baxter | tuwk | traewk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tuk̚/ | /ʈˠʌk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tuk̚/ | /ʈᵚɔk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tuk̚/ | /ȶɔk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /təwk̚/ | /ʈaɨwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /tuk̚/ | /ȶɔk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /tuk̚/ | /ȶɔk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tuk̚/ | /ȶɔk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | du | zhuo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | duk$^1$ | zok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-tˤ<r>ok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rtoːɡ/, /*toːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 啄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhuó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ træwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*mə-tˁ<r>ok/ |
| English | to peck |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 啄 | 啄 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1620 | 1622 |
| Phonetic component | 豖 | 豖 |
| Rime group | 屋 | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 斲 | 𣫔 |
| Old Chinese | /*rtoːɡ/ | /*toːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

啄
* to peck (to strike with the beak or bill)
* (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) with a sharp nose; having a nose shaped like a beak (used especially in compounds)

#### Compounds

* 一飲一啄／一饮一啄
* 剝剝啄啄／剥剥啄啄
* 剝啄／剥啄 (bōzhuó)
* 啄啄
* 啄木鳥／啄木鸟 (zhuómùniǎo)
* 啄針兒／啄针儿
* 啄食
* 啄鼻
* 啄鼻仔
* 彫啄／雕啄
* 燕啄皇孫／燕啄皇孙
* 阿啄仔 (a-tok-á)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): doeng$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: doeng$^1$
*** Yale: dēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: doeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tœːŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

啄 (Cantonese)
* beak; bill
* bulge; protrusion; point; tip
    美人啄 [Cantonese] ― mei$^5$ jan$^4$ doeng$^1$ [Jyutping] ― widow's peak
    尖啄 [Cantonese] ― zim$^1$ doeng$^1$ [Jyutping] ― acme
* to peck
    雞啄唔斷／鸡啄唔断 [Cantonese] ― gai$^1$ doeng$^1$ m$^4$ tyun$^5$ [Jyutping] ― to talk endlessly
* to bite or hold with the mouth
* to swindle; to rip off
** 2021, 《東張西望》 [Scoop]‎:
       mong$^5$ kau$^3$ “caat$^3$ daan$^1$” pin$^3$ guk$^6$ mou$^4$ dai$^2$ dung$^6$! hing$^1$ sung$^1$ doeng$^1$ nei$^5$ gei$^2$ sap$^6$ maan$^6$ [Jyutping]
       This abysmal "click farming of online shop" fraud can easily swindle hundreds of thousand dollars out of you!
* to pick on; to target someone personally

##### Compounds

* 尖啄 (zim$^1$ doeng$^1$)
* 美人啄 (mei$^5$ jan$^4$ doeng$^1$)
* 翻啄 (faan$^1$ doeng$^1$)
* 雞啄唔斷／鸡啄唔断 (gai$^1$ doeng$^1$ m$^4$ tyun$^5$)

### Etymology 3

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to 酷 (khok)? as per Douglas (1873), Campbell (1913), Tōhō (1931), Ogawa (1932), etc.”

#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tok / top
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tok
*** Tâi-lô: tok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dog
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /tɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: top
*** Tâi-lô: top
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dob
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔp̚³²/

#### Verb

啄
* (Hokkien, business, gambling) to drive a hard bargain; to economically take advantage of; to exploit economically; to penny-pinch; to profiteer; to swindle; to cheat; to be stingy/miserly with (such as overpricing to favor sellers or undervaluing to favor buyers)

##### Synonyms

* 酷 (khok)

#### Compounds

* 啄價／啄价
* 啄繳／啄缴
* 啄貴／啄贵

### References

* “啄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 周长楫 [Zhou, Changji], editor (2006), “啄”, in 闽南方言大词典 MINNAN FANGYAN DA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Southern Min dialects] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Fuzhou: 福建人民出版社 [Fujian People's Publishing House], →ISBN, pages 629-630.
* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “酷”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 475
* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “酷”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 491
* 東方孝義 (TŌHŌ Takayoshi) (1931) “酷”, in 臺日新辭書 [New Taiwanese–Japanese dictionary] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: 臺灣警察協會, page 673
* 東方孝義 (TŌHŌ Takayoshi) (1931) “酷”, in 臺日新辭書 [New Taiwanese–Japanese dictionary] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: 臺灣警察協會, page 265
* William Campbell (1913) “tok (酷 Khok)”, in A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 720.
* Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “tok”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, [With 1923 Supplement after the Appendix by Thomas Barclay, Shanghai: Commercial Press, Ltd.] edition (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 526; New Edition (With Chinese Character Glosses) edition, London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 526
* Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “khok”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, [With 1923 Supplement after the Appendix by Thomas Barclay, Shanghai: Commercial Press, Ltd.] edition (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 283; New Edition (With Chinese Character Glosses) edition, London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 283

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 啄 |
| Kyūjitai | 啄󠄁 啄+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 啄󠄅 啄+&#xE0105; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* to peck at

#### Readings

* Go-on: たく (taku)、つく (tsuku)
* Kan-on: たく (taku)、とく (toku)
* Kun: ついばむ (tsuibamu, 啄む)、つつく (tsutsuku, 啄く)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 啄
* たく Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
Middle Chinese 啄 (MC tuwk|traewk).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たく [táꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ta̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

啄(たく) • (taku)
* the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong

#### Hypernyms

* 永字八法(えいじはっぽう) (eiji happō, “the Eight Principles of Yong”)

#### Coordinate terms

* 側(そく) (soku, “the first of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 勒(ろく) (roku, “the second of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 努(ど) (do, “the third of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 趯(てき) (teki, “the fourth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 策(さく) (saku, “the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 掠(りゃく) (ryaku, “the sixth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 磔(たく) (taku, “the eighth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)

### References

* ↑ “啄”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

啄 (eum 탁 (tak))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

啄: Hán Nôm readings: trác, trốc, chác
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.