# 表彰
## Chinese
### Etymology

Attested in the 5th century work 《後漢書》 (Book of the Later Han) compiled by Fan Ye and others during the Liu Song dynasty.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): biǎozhāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄠˇ ㄓㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): biu$^2$ zoeng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): piáu-chiong / piáu-chiang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): biao$^2$ ziang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: biǎozhāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄠˇ ㄓㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: biǎojhang
*** Wade–Giles: piao$^3$-chang$^1$
*** Yale: byǎu-jāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beaujang
*** Palladius: бяочжан (bjaočžan)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$表彰 表章
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: biu$^2$ zoeng$^1$
*** Yale: bíu jēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: biu$^2$ dzoeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: biu$^2$ zêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /piːu̯³⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piáu-chiong
*** Tâi-lô: piáu-tsiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: piawciofng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /piau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /piau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piáu-chiang
*** Tâi-lô: piáu-tsiang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: piawciafng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: biao$^2$ ziang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: piáu tsiang
*** Sinological IPA : /piau⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: pjiewX tsyang
Rime :
| Character | 表 | 彰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 陂矯切 | 諸良切 |
| Baxter | pjiewX | tsyang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /piᴇu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piɛu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pjæu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /piaw$^X$/ | /cɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /piɛu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭɛu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pi̯ɛu$^X$/ | /t͡ɕi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | biǎo | zhāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | biu$^2$ | zoeng$^1$ |

### Verb

表彰
* (transitive) to commend; to cite; to honor (a great achievement or contribution)

#### Synonyms

* 名目 (míngmù) (Classical Chinese)
* 吹噓／吹嘘 (chuīxū)
* 吹捧 (chuīpěng)
* 咨嗟 (zījiē) (literary)
* 嘆／叹 (tàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 嘉勉 (jiāmiǎn) (formal, to praise and encourage)
* 嘆美／叹美 (tànměi) (literary)
* 嘉許／嘉许 (jiāxǔ)
* 嘆賞／叹赏 (tànshǎng)
* 捧 (pěng)
* 揄揚／揄扬 (yúyáng) (literary)
* 禮讚／礼赞 (lǐzàn)
* 稱嘆／称叹 (chēngtàn)
* 稱揚／称扬 (chēngyáng)
* 稱美／称美 (chēngměi) (literary)
* 稱許／称许 (chēngxǔ)
* 稱謂／称谓 (chēngwèi) (literary)
* 稱譽／称誉 (chēngyù) (formal)
* 稱讚／称赞 (chēngzàn)
* 稱賞／称赏 (chēngshǎng) (formal)
* 稱道／称道 (chēngdào)
* 稱頌／称颂 (chēngsòng)
* 表揚／表扬 (biǎoyáng)
* 褒揚／褒扬 (bāoyáng)
* 誇／夸 (kuā)
* 誇獎／夸奖 (kuājiǎng)
* 讚嘆／赞叹 (zàntàn)
* 讚揚／赞扬 (zànyáng)
* 讚美／赞美 (zànměi)
* 讚許／赞许 (zànxǔ)
* 讚頌／赞颂 (zànsòng)
* 賞／赏 (shǎng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 頌讚／颂赞 (sòngzàn)
* 顯揚／显扬 (xiǎnyáng) (literary)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 表彰(ひょうしょう) (hyōshō)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 表 | 彰 |
| ひょう Grade: 3 | しょう Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひょーしょー [hyòóshóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ço̞ːɕo̞ː]

### Noun

表(ひょう)彰(しょう) • (hyōshō)
* commendation, official recognition

#### Derived terms

* 表彰台
* 表彰状

### Verb

表(ひょう)彰(しょう)する • (hyōshō suru) suru (stem 表(ひょう)彰(しょう)し (hyōshō shi), past 表(ひょう)彰(しょう)した (hyōshō shita))
* commend, recognize

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 表彰し | ひょうしょうし | hyōshō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 表彰し | ひょうしょうし | hyōshō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 表彰する | ひょうしょうする | hyōshō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 表彰する | ひょうしょうする | hyōshō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 表彰すれ | ひょうしょうすれ | hyōshō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 表彰せよ¹ 表彰しろ² | ひょうしょうせよ¹ ひょうしょうしろ² | hyōshō seyo¹ hyōshō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 表彰される | ひょうしょうされる | hyōshō sareru |
| Causative | 表彰させる 表彰さす | ひょうしょうさせる ひょうしょうさす | hyōshō saseru hyōshō sasu |
| Potential | 表彰できる | ひょうしょうできる | hyōshō dekiru |
| Volitional | 表彰しよう | ひょうしょうしよう | hyōshō shiyō |
| Negative | 表彰しない | ひょうしょうしない | hyōshō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 表彰せず | ひょうしょうせず | hyōshō sezu |
| Formal | 表彰します | ひょうしょうします | hyōshō shimasu |
| Perfective | 表彰した | ひょうしょうした | hyōshō shita |
| Conjunctive | 表彰して | ひょうしょうして | hyōshō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 表彰すれば | ひょうしょうすれば | hyōshō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN