# 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

𐌱𐌹- (bi-) +‎ 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rōdjan). Glosses Ancient Greek γογγύζω (gongúzō).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /biˈroːdjan/, [biˈroːðjan]

### Verb

𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (birōdjan)
* to murmur, complain
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, John 6:41–43:
    𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌱𐌹 𐌹𐌽𐌰, 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴 𐌵𐌰𐌸: 𐌹𐌺 𐌹𐌼 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 𐍃𐌰 𐌰𐍄𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌿𐍃 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌵𐌴𐌸𐌿𐌽: 𐌽𐌹𐌿 𐍃𐌰 𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐍃𐌰 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃 𐌹𐍉𐍃𐌴𐍆𐌹𐍃, 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽? 𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 𐌽𐌿 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸 𐍃𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌿𐍃 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌰𐍄𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌲? 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌷𐍉𐍆 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌵𐌰𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼: 𐌽𐌹 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍉.birōdidēdun þan iudaieis bi ina, untē qaþ: ik im hlaifs sa atsteigands us himina, jah qēþun: niu sa ist iēsus sa sunus iōsēfis, þizei weis kunþēdum attan jah aiþein? ƕaiwa nu qiþiþ sa þatei us himina atstaig? andhōf þan iēsus jah qaþ du im: ni birōdeiþ miþ izwis missō.The Jews then murmured at him, because he said, I am the bread which came down from heaven. And they said, Is not this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? how is it then that he saith, I came down from heaven? Jesus therefore answered and said unto them, Murmur not among yourselves. (KJV)
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, John 7:32:
    𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐍉 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌱𐌹 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰. 𐌹𐌽𐌿𐌷𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃, 𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍆𐌰𐌷𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌹𐌽𐌰.hausidēdun þan fareisaieis þō managein birōdjandein bi ina þata. inuhsandidēdun andbahtans þai fareisaieis jah þai auhumistans gudjans, ei gafaifaheina ina.The Pharisees heard that the people murmured such things concerning him; and the Pharisees and the chief priests sent officers to take him. (KJV)

#### Conjugation

Class 1 weak :
| Infinitive | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 birōdjan | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 birōdjan | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 birōdjan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰 birōdja | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 birōdida | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 birōdjada |
| 2nd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 birōdeis | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 birōdidēs | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 birōdjaza |
| 3rd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 birōdeiþ | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 birōdida | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 birōdjada |
| 1st dual | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 birōdjōs | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 birōdidēdu | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 birōdjats | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 birōdidēduts | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼 birōdjam | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 birōdidēdum | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 birōdjanda |
| 2nd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 birōdeiþ | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 birōdidēduþ | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 birōdjanda |
| 3rd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 birōdjand | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 birōdidēdun | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 birōdjanda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 birōdjau | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 birōdidēdjau | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 birōdjaidau |
| 2nd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 birōdjais | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 birōdidēdeis | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 birōdjaizau |
| 3rd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹 birōdjai | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 birōdidēdi | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 birōdjaidau |
| 1st dual | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 birōdjaiwa | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 birōdidēdeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 birōdjaits | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 birōdidēdeits | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 birōdjaima | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 birōdidēdeima | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 birōdjaindau |
| 2nd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 birōdjaiþ | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 birōdidēdeiþ | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 birōdjaindau |
| 3rd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 birōdjaina | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 birōdidēdeina | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 birōdjaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹 birōdei | | |
| 3rd singular | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 birōdjadau | | |
| 2nd dual | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 birōdjats | | |
| 2nd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 birōdeiþ | | |
| 3rd plural | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 birōdjandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 birōdjands | 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌸𐍃 birōdiþs | |

#### Derived terms

* 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (birōdeins)

### Further reading

* Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 112