# 飢餓
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jī'è
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ ㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gei$^1$ ngo$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kî-ngo
* Eastern Min (BUC): gĭ-ngô̤
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ki-gō
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jī'è
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ ㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ji-è
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^1$-o$^4$
*** Yale: jī-è
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jieh
*** Palladius: цзиэ (czie)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ˀɤ⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$積惡／积恶 飢餓／饥饿
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^1$ ngo$^6$
*** Yale: gēi ngoh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^1$ ngo$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^1$ ngo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯⁵⁵ ŋɔː²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî-ngo
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi$^ˊ$ ngo
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gi$^1$ ngo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋo⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭ-ngô̤
*** Sinological IPA : /ki⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ŋɔ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-gō
*** Tâi-lô: ki-gō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ki'goi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² ɡo²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ ɡo⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² ɡo²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡo³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡɤ³³/
* Middle Chinese: kjij ngaH
Rime :
| Character | 飢 | 餓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 居夷切 | 五个切 |
| Baxter | kjij | ngaH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kiɪ/ | /ŋɑ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ki/ | /ŋɑ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kjɪ/ | /ŋɑ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ki/ | /ŋa$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ki/ | /ŋɑ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ki/ | /ŋɑ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki/ | /ŋɑ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jī | è |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gei$^1$ | ngo$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.k<r>ə[j] ŋˤaj-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kril ŋaːls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 飢 | 餓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jī | è |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kij › | ‹ nga$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.k<r>ə[j]/ | /*ŋˁaj-s/ |
| English | hungry | hungry |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 飢 | 餓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5757 | 13044 |
| Phonetic component | 几 | 我 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 飢 | 餓 |
| Old Chinese | /*kril/ | /*ŋaːls/ |

### Adjective

飢餓
* (formal) hungry; starving
       Jī'è hé kǒukě de wèntí kěyǐ tuōyán yīxià. [Pinyin]
       Hunger and thirst can wait.

#### Derived terms

* 飢餓感／饥饿感 (jī'ègǎn)
* 飢餓線／饥饿线 (jī'èxiàn)

#### Related terms

* 饑荒／饥荒 (jīhuāng)

#### See also

* 餓／饿 (è)
* 飢／饥 (jī)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 飢 | 餓 |
| き Grade: S | が Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 饑餓

### Etymology

Middle Chinese 飢餓 (kiɪ ŋɑ$^H$)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きが [kíꜜgà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲiɡa̠]

### Noun

飢(き)餓(が) • (kiga)
* hunger, starvation, famine
    絶(た)え間(ま)ない飢(き)餓(が)、ウラモグ
       Taemanai Kiga, Uramogu
       Ulamog, the Ceaseless Hunger
** 2016 April 23, “ウラモグの道(みち)滅(ほろ)ぼし [Pathrazer of Ulamog]”, in エルドラージ覚醒 [Eldrazi Awakening], Wizards of the Coast:
    飢(き)餓(が)以(い)外(がい)に思(し)想(そう)無(な)し。破(は)壊(かい)以(い)外(がい)に戦(せん)略(りゃく)無(な)し。
       Kiga igai ni shisō-nashi. Hakai igai ni senryaku-nashi.
       No thought but hunger. No strategy but destruction.
** 1948, 豊島与志雄, 花ふぶき:
    空腹(くうふく)どころではなく、全(まった)く飢餓(きが)だった。
       Kūfuku dokoro de wa naku, mattaku kiga datta.
       It was not any mere hunger, it was absolute starvation.

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 飢 | 餓 |

### Noun

飢餓 • (gia) (hangeul 기아)
* hanja form of 기아 (“hunger, starvation”)