# 躬

| 躬 | U+8EAC, &#36524; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8EAC |
| ← 身 [U+8EAB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 躭 → [U+8EAD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

躬 (Kangxi radical 158, 身+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹弓 (HHN), four-corner 2722$_7$, composition ⿰身弓)

#### Derived characters

* 𡺺, 窮, 匑

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1237, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38038
* Dae Jaweon: page 1710, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3808, character 8
* Unihan data for U+8EAC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 躬 | *kuŋ |
| 匑 | *kuŋ, *kʰuŋ |
| 躳 | *kuŋ |
| 窮 | *ɡuŋ |
| 藭 | *ɡuŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuŋ) : semantic 身 (“body”) + phonetic 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *guŋ (“body, back”). Compare Burmese အကောင် (a.kaung, “body”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōng (gong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): gung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiûng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): giung$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): gung$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gé̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giong$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gen$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gong
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$
*** Yale: gūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
*** Palladius: гун (gun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$
*** Yale: gūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: giung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: giung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kũŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gé̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kyŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
*** Tâi-lô: kiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: giong$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiong
*** Sinological IPA : /kioŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kon
*** MiniDict: kon$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: gen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kən³³/
* Middle Chinese: kjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 躬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居戎切 |
| Baxter | kjuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭuŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)uŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kuŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 躬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*k(r)uŋ/ |
| English | body, person |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 躬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4141 |
| Phonetic component | 躬 |
| Rime group | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 弓 |
| Old Chinese | /*kuŋ/ |
| Notes | 同躳 |

### Definitions

躬
* body
    鞠躬 ― jūgōng ― to bow (literally, “to bend one’s body”)
* oneself
* in person; personally
    From: 227, 諸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang), 前出師表 (Former Chu Shi Biao)
    Chén běn bùyī, gōng gēng yú Nányáng. [Pinyin]
    I was originally a commoner. I personally farmed in Nanyang.
    From: late 7th century CE, 王勃 (Wang Bo), 滕王閣序 (Preface to the Prince Teng Pavilion)
    Tóngzǐ hé zhī? Gōng féng shèng jiàn. [Pinyin]
    As a child, what do I know? Yet I was able to personally attend this magnificent feast.
* to stoop

### Compounds

* 三鞠躬
* 事必躬親／事必躬亲 (shìbìgōngqīn)
* 倒笏躬身
* 匪躬
* 匪躬之操
* 匪躬之節／匪躬之节
* 卑躬屈節／卑躬屈节 (bēigōng-qūjié)
* 卑躬屈膝 (bēigōng-qūxī)
* 反躬 (fǎngōng)
* 反躬自問／反躬自问 (fǎngōngzìwèn)
* 反躬自省 (fǎngōngzìxǐng)
* 反躬自責／反躬自责
* 引咎責躬／引咎责躬
* 打躬 (dǎgōng)
* 打躬作揖
* 控背躬身
* 撫躬自問／抚躬自问 (fǔgōngzìwèn)
* 政躬
* 政躬康泰
* 整躬率物
* 斂躬／敛躬
* 曲躬躬
* 朕躬 (zhèngōng)
* 末躬
* 治躬
* 盡瘁鞠躬／尽瘁鞠躬
* 直躬
* 直躬之信
* 福躬
* 節儉躬行／节俭躬行
* 聖躬／圣躬 (shènggōng)
* 背躬
* 責躬省過／责躬省过
* 躬先士卒
* 躬先表率
* 躬圭
* 躬往
* 躬擐甲冑
* 躬桑
* 躬稼
* 躬耕 (gōnggēng)
* 躬耕樂道／躬耕乐道
* 躬自 (gōngzì)
* 躬自菲薄
* 躬行
* 躬行實踐／躬行实践
* 躬行節儉／躬行节俭
* 躬親／躬亲 (gōngqīn)
* 躬詣／躬诣
* 躬蹈矢石
* 躬身 (gōngshēn)
* 躬逢其盛
* 躬逢目擊／躬逢目击
* 躬體力行／躬体力行
* 返躬內省／返躬内省
* 鞠躬 (jūgōng)
* 鞠躬盡瘁／鞠躬尽瘁 (jūgōngjìncuì)
* 飭躬／饬躬

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* body
* self

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)、くう (kū)
* Kan-on: きゅう (kyū)
* Kun: み (mi, 躬)、みずから (mizukara, 躬)、みずからする (mizukarasuru, 躬する)

## Korean
### Hanja

躬 • (gung) (hangeul 궁, revised gung, McCune–Reischauer kung, Yale kwung)
* body
* personally, in person

## Vietnamese
### Han character

躬: Hán Nôm readings: cung, còng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.