# 三皇
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Sānhuáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄢ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saam$^1$ wong$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Sâm-fòng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Sam-hông
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$se-waon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Sānhuáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄢ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Sanhuáng
*** Wade–Giles: San$^1$-huang$^2$
*** Yale: Sān-hwáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Sanhwang
*** Palladius: Саньхуан (Sanʹxuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /sän⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saam$^1$ wong$^4$
*** Yale: sāam wòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saam$^1$ wong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sam$^1$ wong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːm⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sâm-fòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: sam$^ˊ$ fong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sam$^1$ fong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sam²⁴ foŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sam-hông
*** Tâi-lô: Sam-hông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: samhoong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sam⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sam³³ hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sam⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$se-waon
*** MiniDict: se$^平$ waon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$se-hhuaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃²¹/
* Middle Chinese: sam|samH hwang
Rime :
| Character | 三 | 三 | 皇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 心 (16) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) | 談 (143) | 唐 (102) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 蘇甘切 | 蘇暫切 | 胡光切 |
| Baxter | sam | samH | hwang |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɑm/ | /sɑm$^H$/ | /ɦwɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sɑm/ | /sɑm$^H$/ | /ɦʷɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɑm/ | /sɑm$^H$/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sam/ | /sam$^H$/ | /ɦwaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /sɑm/ | /sɑm$^H$/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /sɑm/ | /sɑm$^H$/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /sɑm/ | /sɑm$^H$/ | /ɣwɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sān | sàn | huáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | saam$^1$ | saam$^3$ | wong$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.rum|s.r[u]m-s [ɢ]ʷˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*suːm|suːms ɡʷaːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 三 | 三 | 皇 | 皇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sān | sān | huáng | huáng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sam › | ‹ sam$^H$ › | ‹ hwang › | ‹ hwang › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.rum/ (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?) | /*s.r[u]m-s/ (*s.r- > *s-, infl. by 四 *s-?) | /*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/ | /*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/ |
| English | three | three times | yellow and white spotted | sovereign |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 三 | 三 | 皇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 10963 | 10965 | 12696 |
| Phonetic component | 三 | 三 | 王 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 侵 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 三 | 三 | 黃 |
| Old Chinese | /*suːm/ | /*suːms/ | /*ɡʷaːŋ/ |
| Notes | | | 禮王制鄭注冕屬， 金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文 |

### Proper noun

三皇
* (Chinese mythology) the Three Sovereigns

#### Derived terms

* 三皇五帝 (Sānhuáng Wǔdì)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 三 | 皇 |

### Proper noun

三皇
* chữ Hán form of Tam Hoàng (“the Three Sovereigns”).