# 灸

| 灸 | U+7078, &#28792; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7078 |
| ← 灷 [U+7077] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 灹 → [U+7079] |

## Translingual
### Han character

灸 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 弓人火 (NOF), four-corner 2780$_9$, composition ⿱久火)

#### Derived characters

* 𮏅

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 666, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18872
* Dae Jaweon: page 1075, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2190, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7078

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 畂 | *ɡʷ·rɯs |
| 久 | *kʷlɯʔ |
| 灸 | *kʷlɯʔ, *kʷlɯs |
| 玖 | *kʷlɯʔ |
| 疚 | *kʷlɯs |
| 柩 | *ɡʷlɯs |
| 羑 | *ɡʷ·lɯʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiǔ (jiu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gau$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiu
* Eastern Min (BUC): géu
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kù / kiù
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiǒu
*** Wade–Giles: chiu$^3$
*** Yale: jyǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeou
*** Palladius: цзю (czju)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gau$^3$
*** Yale: gau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐu̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiu
*** Hakka Romanization System: giu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯u⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: géu
*** Sinological IPA : /kiɛu²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kù / kiù
*** Tâi-lô: kù / kiù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kux, kiux
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ku²¹/, /kiu²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ku⁴¹/, /kiu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ku²¹/, /kiu²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ku¹¹/, /kiu¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ku²¹/, /kiu²¹/
* kù - vernacular;
* kiù - literary.
* Middle Chinese: kjuwX, kjuwH
Rime :
| Character | 灸 | 灸 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 舉有切 | 居祐切 |
| Baxter | kjuwX | kjuwH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨu$^X$/ | /kɨu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiu$^X$/ | /kiu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiəu$^X$/ | /kiəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kuw$^X$/ | /kuw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kiu$^X$/ | /kiu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭəu$^X$/ | /kĭəu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯ə̯u$^X$/ | /ki̯ə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiǔ | jiù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gau$^2$ | gau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʷlɯʔ/, /*kʷlɯs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 灸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ʷəʔ/ |
| English | cauterize by burning tinder |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 灸 | 灸 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 6970 | 6972 |
| Phonetic component | 久 | 久 |
| Rime group | 之 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 久 | 救 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷlɯʔ/ | /*kʷlɯs/ |

### Definitions

灸
* cauterize with moxa or mugwort
* moxibustion

#### Compounds

* 灸刺
* 灸法
* 無病自灸／无病自灸
* 直接灸
* 砭灸
* 蠻針瞎灸／蛮针瞎灸 (mánzhēnxiājiǔ)
* 針灸／针灸
* 針灸銅人／针灸铜人 (zhēnjiǔ tóng rén)
* 針灸麻醉／针灸麻醉
* 鍼灸／针灸
* 鍼灸銅人／针灸铜人
* 間接灸／间接灸

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: きゅう (kyū)
* Kun: やいと (yaito, 灸)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 灸
* きゅう Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 灸 (MC kjuwX|kjuwH).

#### Alternative forms

* お灸(きゅう) (o-kyū)

#### Noun

灸(きゅう) • (kyū)
* moxibustion

##### Synonyms

* 灸治(きゅうじ) (kyūji)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 灸
* やいと Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
From 焼き (yaki, “scorching”, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 焼(や)く (yaku).) + 処 (to, “place”).

#### Noun

灸(やいと) • (yaito)
* Same as above.

## Korean
### Hanja

灸 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
* (뜸) moxibustion

#### Compounds

* 鍼灸 (침구, chimgu): acupuncture and moxibustion

#### See also

* 艾 (애, ae): moxa, mugwort
* 鍼 (침, chim): acupuncture

## Vietnamese
### Han character

灸: Hán Nôm readings: cứu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.