# उपवास
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उपवास (upavāsa) or through Ashokan Prakrit 𑀉𑀧𑀯𑀸𑀲 (upavāsa) (compare Prakrit [Term?] 𑀉𑀯𑀯𑀸𑀲 (uvavāsa)).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʊp.ʋɑːs/, [ʊp.wäːs]

### Noun

उपवास • (upvās) m (Urdu spelling اُپْواس)
* the act of fasting (abstention from food); fast (instance of fasting)
    Synonyms: व्रत (vrat), फ़ाक़ा (fāqā), रोज़ा (rozā)
    मैं नवरात्रि में उपवास रखता हूँ।ma͠i navrātri mẽ upvās rakhtā hū̃.I fast during Navaratri.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “उपवास”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
* Platts, John T. (1884) “उपवास”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “उपवास”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* “उपवास”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* উপৱাস (Assamese script)
* ᬉᬧᬯᬵᬲ (Balinese script)
* উপবাস (Bengali script)
* 𑰄𑰢𑰪𑰯𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀉𑀧𑀯𑀸𑀲 (Brahmi script)
* ဥပဝါသ (Burmese script)
* ઉપવાસ (Gujarati script)
* ਉਪਵਾਸ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌉𑌪𑌵𑌾𑌸 (Grantha script)
* ꦈꦥꦮꦴꦱ (Javanese script)
* 𑂇𑂣𑂫𑂰𑂮 (Kaithi script)
* ಉಪವಾಸ (Kannada script)
* ឧបវាស (Khmer script)
* ອຸປວາສ (Lao script)
* ഉപവാസ (Malayalam script)
* ᡠᢒᠠᠸᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘄𑘢𑘪𑘰𑘭 (Modi script)
* ᠤᢒᠠᠸᠠᢗᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦤𑧂𑧊𑧑𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐄𑐥𑐰𑐵𑐳 (Newa script)
* ଉପଵାସ (Odia script)
* ꢆꢦꢮꢵꢱ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆇𑆥𑆮𑆳𑆱 (Sharada script)
* 𑖄𑖢𑖪𑖯𑖭 (Siddham script)
* උපවාස (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩒𑩰𑩾𑩛𑪁 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚄𑚞𑚦𑚭𑚨 (Takri script)
* உபவாஸ (Tamil script)
* ఉపవాస (Telugu script)
* อุปวาส (Thai script)
* ཨུ་པ་ཝཱ་ས (Tibetan script)
* 𑒅𑒣𑒫𑒰𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨃𑨞𑨭𑨊𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From उप- (upa-) +‎ वास (vāsa).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /u.pɐ.ʋɑː.sɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /u.pɐˈʋɑː.s̪ɐ/

### Noun

उपवास • (upavāsa) stem, m or n
* fast; abstinence from food
* kindling a sacred fire
* a fire altar

#### Descendants

* Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀉𑀧𑀯𑀸𑀲 (upavāsa)
** Prakrit: 𑀉𑀯𑀯𑀸𑀲 (uvavāsa)
* → Hindustani: (learned)
    Hindi: उपवास (upvās)
    Urdu: اُپْواس (upvās)
* → Malay: puasa
** Indonesian: puasa
** → Acehnese: puasa
** → Cebuano: puasa
** → Maguindanao: puasa
** → Tausug: puasa
* → Tamil: உபவாசம் (upavācam)

### Adjective

उपवास • (upavāsa) stem
* staying near

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “उपवास”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 206.
* Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “upavāsa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
* Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “उपवास”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “उपवास”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “upavāsa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press